Sample records for haden tommy atkins

  1. Functional properties and dietary fiber characterization of mango processing by-products (Mangifera indica L., cv Ataulfo and Tommy Atkins).

    PubMed

    García-Magaña, María de Lourdes; García, Hugo S; Bello-Pérez, Luis A; Sáyago-Ayerdi, Sonia G; de Oca, Miguel Mata-Montes

    2013-09-01

    Several reports have focused on utilization of post-harvest residues of crops, while neglecting those residues produced by mango processing. These residues represent a waste of nutrients and a source of environmental contaminants. Such by-products could be valuable sources of dietary fiber (DF), antioxidant compounds, and single carbohydrates. The aim of this study was to evaluate some functional properties (FP), and the content of DF and polyphenols (PP) of the peel and coarse material obtained from residues during the industrial processing of Ataulfo and Tommy Atkins mangoes. The total dietary fiber (TDF) content was about 225 mg/g and 387 mg/g (dry weight) for the coarse material and the peel, respectively, from which soluble dietary fiber represented 23 and 42%, respectively. The main neutral sugar identified was rhamnose, especially in peels; the klason lignin (KL) content was 92 mg/g, which highlights the Ataulfo peel (Ataulfo-P) and the Tommy Atkins peel (Tommy Atkins-P). The extractable PP content in Ataulfo-P was higher than in Tommy-Atkins-P, and interesting data for non-extractable PP were obtained in the residues. FP as swelling, water holding, oil holding, and glucose absorption in the residues was studied, obtaining better functional properties when compared to cellulose fiber. The results show that mango industrial by-products, mainly from the Ataulfo-P variety, could be used as ingredients in food products because of their functional properties as well as their DF and PP content.

  2. Describing Quality and Sensory Attributes of 3 Mango (Mangifera indica L.) Cultivars at 3 Ripeness Stages Based on Firmness.

    PubMed

    Nassur, Rita de Cássia Mirela Resende; González-Moscoso, Sara; Crisosto, Gayle M; Lima, Luiz Carlos de Oliveira; Vilas Boas, Eduardo Valério de Barros; Crisosto, Carlos H

    2015-09-01

    To determine the ideal ripening stage for consumption of the mango cultivars, "Ataulfo," "Haden," and "Tommy Atkins"; fruits at 3 flesh firmness levels (ripeness stages) were evaluated by a trained panel using descriptive analysis after instrumental measurements were made. After harvest, all fruits were ripened to allow softening and quality and sensory attribute changes. Ripening changes during softening of Ataulfo mangos were expressed by a characteristic increase in the perception of "tropical fruit" and "peach" aromas, an increase in "juiciness," "sweetness," and "tropical fruit" flavor, while "fibrousness," "chewiness," and "sourness" decreased. Similar desirable sensory changes were also detected during softening of Haden mangos; an increase in tropical fruit and peach aromas, sweetness and tropical fruit flavor, and a decrease in chewiness, sourness, and bitterness. Softening of Tommy Atkins mangos was followed by reduced chewiness and sourness and increased peach aroma. Softening of all cultivars was followed by decreased sourness and titratable acidity (TA) and increased soluble solids concentration (SSC) and SSC:TA ratio. The results indicate that mango ripening leads to increased expression of sensory attributes such as tropical fruit and peach aromas, tropical flavor, and sweetness that have been related to improved eating quality and these final changes in sensory quality attributes are specific for each cultivar. For example, Ataulfo and Haden mangos had greater improvement in quality and sensory attributes related to fruit eating quality during ripening-softening than Tommy Atkins. In our consumer test, these quality-sensory attributes expressed during ripening that were perceived by the trained panel were also validated, supporting the need for a controlled ripening protocol in mangos. © 2015 Institute of Food Technologists®

  3. Anticarcinogenic effects of polyphenolics from mango (Mangifera indica) varieties.

    PubMed

    Noratto, Giuliana D; Bertoldi, Michele C; Krenek, Kimberley; Talcott, Stephen T; Stringheta, Paulo C; Mertens-Talcott, Susanne U

    2010-04-14

    Many polyphenolics contained in mango have shown anticancer activity. The objective of this study was to compare the anticancer properties of polyphenolic extracts from several mango varieties (Francis, Kent, Ataulfo, Tommy Atkins, and Haden) in cancer cell lines, including Molt-4 leukemia, A-549 lung, MDA-MB-231 breast, LnCap prostate, and SW-480 colon cancer cells and the noncancer colon cell line CCD-18Co. Cell lines were incubated with Ataulfo and Haden extracts, selected on the basis of their superior antioxidant capacity compared to the other varieties, where SW-480 and MOLT-4 were statistically equally most sensitive to both cultivars followed by MDA-MB-231, A-549, and LnCap in order of decreasing efficacy as determined by cell counting. The efficacy of extracts from all mango varieties in the inhibition of cell growth was tested in SW-480 colon carcinoma cells, where Ataulfo and Haden demonstrated superior efficacy, followed by Kent, Francis, and Tommy Atkins. At 5 mg of GAE/L, Ataulfo inhibited the growth of colon SW-480 cancer cells by approximately 72% while the growth of noncancer colonic myofibroblast CCD-18Co cells was not inhibited. The growth inhibition exerted by Ataulfo and Haden polyphenolics in SW-480 was associated with an increased mRNA expression of pro-apoptotic biomarkers and cell cycle regulators, cell cycle arrest, and a decrease in the generation of reactive oxygen species. Overall, polyphenolics from several mango varieties exerted anticancer effects, where compounds from Haden and Ataulfo mango varieties possessed superior chemopreventive activity.

  4. Synergistic mixtures of chitosan and Mentha piperita L. essential oil to inhibit Colletotrichum species and anthracnose development in mango cultivar Tommy Atkins.

    PubMed

    de Oliveira, Kataryne Árabe Rimá; Berger, Lúcia Raquel Ramos; de Araújo, Samara Amorim; Câmara, Marcos Paz Saraiva; de Souza, Evandro Leite

    2017-09-01

    This study assessed the efficacy of chitosan (CHI) and Mentha piperita L. essential oil (MPEO) alone or in combination to control the mycelial growth of five different Colletotrichum species, C. asianum, C. dianesei, C. fructicola, C. tropicale and C. karstii, identified as potential anthracnose-causing agents in mango (Mangifera indica L.). The efficacy of coatings of CHI and MPEO mixtures in controlling the development of anthracnose in mango cultivar Tommy Atkins was evaluated. CHI (2.5, 5, 7.5 and 10 mg/mL) and MPEO (0.3, 0.6, 1.25, 2.5 and 5 μL/mL) alone effectively inhibited mycelial growth of all tested Colletotrichum strains in synthetic media. Mixtures of CHI (5 or 7.5 mg/mL) and MPEO (0.3, 0.6 or 1.25 μL/mL) strongly inhibited mycelial growth and showed additive or synergistic inhibitory effects on the tested Colletotrichum strains based on the Abbott index. The application of coatings of CHI (5 or 7.5 mg/mL) and MPEO (0.6 or 1.25 μL/mL) mixtures that presented synergistic interactions decreased anthracnose lesion severity in mango artificially contaminated with either of the tested Colletotrichum strains over 15 days of storage at 25 °C. The anthracnose lesion severity in mango coated with the mixtures of CHI and MPEO was similar or lower than those observed in mango treated with the synthetic fungicides thiophanate-methyl (10 μg a.i./mL) and difenoconazole (0.5 μg a.i./mL). The application of coatings containing low doses of CHI and MPEO may be an effective alternative for controlling the postharvest development of anthracnose in mango cultivar Tommy Atkins. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  5. Cassava starch coating and citric acid to preserve quality parameters of fresh-cut "Tommy Atkins" mango.

    PubMed

    Chiumarelli, Marcela; Pereira, Leila M; Ferrari, Cristhiane C; Sarantópoulos, Claire I G L; Hubinger, Miriam D

    2010-06-01

    Combination of citric acid dipping (5 g/L) and cassava starch coating (10 g/L), with and without glycerol (10 g/L), was studied to verify the effectiveness of these treatments to inhibit enzymatic browning, to reduce respiration rate, and to preserve quality parameters of "Tommy Atkins" fresh-cut mangoes during storage at 5 degrees C. Color characteristics (L and C), mechanical properties (stress at failure), weight loss, beta-carotene content, sensory acceptance, and microbial growth of fruits were evaluated during 15 d. The respiration rate of fruit subjected to the treatments was also analyzed. Nontreated fresh-cut mango was used as a control sample. Cassava starch edible coatings and citric acid dipping promoted a decrease in respiration rate of mango slices, with values up to 41% lower than the control fruit. This treatment also promoted better preservation of texture and color characteristics of mangoes and delayed carotenoid formation and browning reactions during storage. Moreover, the treated fruit showed great sensory acceptance by consumers throughout the whole storage period. However, the use of glycerol in the coating formulation was not efficient in the maintenance of quality parameters of fresh-cut mangoes, promoting a higher weight loss of samples, impairing fruit texture characteristics, increasing carotenogenesis, and favoring microbial growth during storage.

  6. Effect of quarantine treatments on the carbohydrate and organic acid content of mangoes (cv. Tommy Atkins)

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Cruz, J. N.; Soares, C. A.; Fabbri, A. D. T.; Cordenunsi, B. R.; Sabato, S. F.

    2012-08-01

    Brazil is one of the largest mango producers and the third largest mango exporter worldwide. Irradiation treatment and its commercial feasibility have been studied in our country to make it possible to develop new markets and, consequently, to compete with the major exporters of mangoes, Mexico and India. This work was designed to compare irradiation treatment with the hot water dip treatment in mangoes cv. Tommy Atkins for export and to verify that the main attributes for acceptance, color and texture, as well as carbohydrate and organic acid contents, were maintained. In this study, the fruit was divided into groups: control, hot water dip-treated (46 °C for 90 min), and irradiation-treated at doses of 0.4 kGy and 1.0 kGy. The fruit was stored at low temperature (11 °C±2) for 14 days and then at room temperature (23 °C±2) until the end of the study. The results indicated that the fruit given a dose of 1.0 kGy remained in a less advanced stage of ripening (stage 3) throughout the storage period, but experienced a greater loss of texture in the beginning of the experiment. It was noted that only the control group had higher levels of citric acid and succinic acid on the last day of the experiment. There were no significant differences in the total sugar content between any treatment groups. Gamma radiation can be used as a quarantine treatment and does not interfere negatively with the quality attributes of mangoes.

  7. Foam mat drying of Tommy Atkins mango: Effects of air temperature and concentrations of soy lecithin and carboxymethylcellulose on phenolic composition, mangiferin, and antioxidant capacity.

    PubMed

    Lobo, Francine Albernaz; Nascimento, Manuela Abreu; Domingues, Josiane Roberto; Falcão, Deborah Quintanilha; Hernanz, Dolores; Heredia, Francisco J; de Lima Araujo, Kátia Gomes

    2017-04-15

    In this study, foam mat drying was applied to Tommy Atkins mango. Using a multifactorial design, the effect of soy lecithin (L) and carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) used as foam stabilizers (0-1.50g/100g), as well as temperature (T) (53-87°C), on phenolic content and antioxidant capacity of mango were evaluated. Mango pulp contains antioxidant, such as mangiferin, that can be utilized in foods to enhance their functional properties. Our results indicated that L and T had negative effects (p<0.05) on the phenolic content and antioxidant capacity, whereas CMC had a positive effect (p<0.05). Increasing the total amount of phenolic compounds present in dried mango contributed to the higher antioxidant capacity after the drying process. This study concluded that a drying T of 80°C, and a concentration of 0.30g/100g of CMC and L are optimal for increased retention of phenolic compounds and antioxidant capacity. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  8. Escherichia coli and Cronobacter sakazakii in 'Tommy Atkins' minimally processed mangos: Survival, growth and effect of UV-C and electrolyzed water.

    PubMed

    Santo, David; Graça, Ana; Nunes, Carla; Quintas, Célia

    2018-04-01

    These studies were aimed at assessing the growing capacity of Escherichia coli and Cronobacter sakazakii and the effectiveness of Ultraviolet-C (UV-C) radiation, acidic electrolyzed (AEW) and neutral electrolyzed (NEW) waters in the inhibition of these bacteria on minimally processed 'Tommy Atkins' mangoes (MPM). The fruits were contaminated by dip inoculation and kept 10 days at 4, 8, 12 and 20 °C while enumerating bacteria. Contaminated mangoes were disinfected using UV-C (2.5, 5, 7.5 and 10 kJ/m 2 ), AEW, NEW and sodium hypochlorite (SH) and the microorganisms were monitored. None of the enterobacteria grew at 4, 8 and 12 °C regardless of having persisted during the 10-day period. At 20 °C, E. coli and C. sakazakii grew, after adaption phases of 48 h and 24 h, to values of 8.7 and 8.5 log cfu/g at day eight, respectively. E. coli showed the highest reduction counts on the MPM washed with NEW and SH (2.2 log cfu/g). UV-C was more effective in reducing C. sakazakii (2.4-2.6 log cfu/g), when compared to AEW, NEW and SH (1.2-1.8 log cfu/g). The efficacy of decontamination technologies depends on microorganisms, highlighting the importance of preventing contamination at the primary production and of combining different methods to increase the safety of fresh-cut fruits. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  9. The Who's "Tommy." Spotlight on Theater Notes.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Carr, John C.

    This booklet presents a variety of materials concerning The Who's rock opera "Tommy." The booklet discusses the plot, the character of Tommy, highlights of "Tommy"'s 25-year history, the evolution of "Tommy," biographical information on the producer, director, actors and designers, awards won by the rock opera,…

  10. Antioxidant properties and hyphenated HPLC-PDA-MS profiling of Chilean Pica mango fruits (Mangifera indica L. Cv. piqueño).

    PubMed

    Ramirez, Javier E; Zambrano, Ricardo; Sepúlveda, Beatriz; Simirgiotis, Mario J

    2013-12-31

    Antioxidant capacities and polyphenolic contents of two mango cultivars from northern Chile, one of them endemic of an oasis in the Atacama Desert, were compared for the first time. Twenty one phenolic compounds were detected in peel and pulp of mango fruits varieties Pica and Tommy Atkins by HPLC-PDA-MS and tentatively characterized. Eighteen compounds were present in Pica pulp (ppu), 13 in Pica peel (ppe) 11 in Tommy Atkins pulp (tpu) and 12 in Tommy Atkins peel (tpe). Three procyanidin dimers (peaks 6, 9 and 10), seven acid derivatives (peaks 1-4, 11, 20 and 21) and four xanthones were identified, mainly mangiferin (peak 12) and mangiferin gallate, (peak 7), which were present in both peel and pulp of the two studied species from northern Chile. Homomangiferin (peak 13) was also present in both fruit pulps and dimethylmangiferin (peak 14) was present only in Tommy pulp. Pica fruits showed better antioxidant capacities and higher polyphenolic content (73.76/32.23 µg/mL in the DPPH assay and 32.49/72.01 mg GAE/100 g fresh material in the TPC assay, for edible pulp and peel, respectively) than Tommy Atkins fruits (127.22/46.39 µg/mL in the DPPH assay and 25.03/72.01 mg GAE/100 g fresh material in the TPC assay for pulp and peel, respectively). The peel of Pica mangoes showed also the highest content of phenolics (66.02 mg/100 g FW) measured by HPLC-PDA. The HPLC generated fingerprint can be used to authenticate Pica mango fruits and Pica mango food products.

  11. Total phenolics, carotenoids, ascorbic acid, and antioxidant properties of fresh-cut mango (Mangifera indica L., cv. Tommy Atkin) as affected by infrared heat treatment.

    PubMed

    Sogi, D S; Siddiq, M; Roidoung, S; Dolan, K D

    2012-11-01

    Mango (Mangifera indica L.) is a major tropical fruit that has not been exploited for fresh-cut or minimally processed products on a scale similar to apples, pineapples, or melons. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of infrared (IR) treatment on total phenolics, carotenoids, ascorbic acid, and antioxidant properties of fresh-cut cubes from 'Tommy Atkin' mangoes. Mango cubes were IR treated (5, 10, 15 min) and evaluated at 4-d intervals during 16-d storage at 4 ± 1 °C. Total phenolics, carotenoids, and ascorbic acid content in fresh-cut control mango cubes were 43.33, 1.37, and 15.97 mg/100 g FW, respectively. IR treatments increased total phenolics (59.23 to 71.16 mg/100 g FW) and decreased ascorbic acid (12.14 to 15.38 mg/100 g, FW). Total carotenoids showed a mixed trend (1.13 to 1.66 mg/100 g, FW). The IR treatment showed a significant positive impact on antioxidant properties (μM TE/100 g, FW) of mango cubes, as assayed by ABTS (261.5 compared with 338.0 to 416.4), DPPH (270.5 compared with 289.4 to 360.5), and ORAC (6686 compared with 8450 to 12230). Total phenolics, carotenoids, ascorbic acid, and antioxidant capacity decreased over 16-d storage. However, IR treated samples had consistently higher ABTS, DPPH, and total phenolics during storage. It was demonstrated that IR treatment can be effectively used in improving antioxidant properties of fresh-cut mangoes with minimal effect on the visual appearance. Various methods/treatments are in use for extending the quality of fresh-cut fruits, including mild heat treatment. This study explored the application of infrared (IR) heat for processing fresh-cut mango cubes and evaluated its effect on vitamin C and antioxidant capacity during 16-d storage. This is the first study reporting on the use of IR heat in fresh-cut fruits. IR treatment was shown to be effective in retaining antioxidant properties of fresh-cut mango cubes with minimal effect on the visual appearance. © 2012 Institute

  12. An early "Atkins' Diet": RA Fisher analyses a medical "experiment".

    PubMed

    Senn, Stephen

    2006-04-01

    A study on vitamin absorption which RA Fisher analysed for WRG Atkins and co-authored with him is critically examined. The historical background as well as correspondence between Atkins and Fisher is presented.

  13. Law & psychiatry: mental retardation and the death penalty: after Atkins.

    PubMed

    Appelbaum, Paul S

    2009-10-01

    In Atkins v. Virginia the U.S. Supreme Court declared execution of persons with mental retardation to constitute cruel and unusual punishment, and thus to be unconstitutional under the Eighth Amendment. However, the Court left all considerations regarding how to implement the decision explicitly to the states. Since Atkins was decided in 2002, legislatures, courts, and mental health experts have struggled with its implementation, highlighting the complexities that can arise when the courts base legal rules on clinical findings. This column reviews the Atkins case and considers the challenges associated with a clinical determination that can have life-or-death consequences for capital defendants.

  14. Outcomes in revision Tommy John surgery in Major League Baseball pitchers.

    PubMed

    Liu, Joseph N; Garcia, Grant H; Conte, Stan; ElAttrache, Neal; Altchek, David W; Dines, Joshua S

    2016-01-01

    With the recent rise in the number of Tommy John surgeries, a proportionate rise in revisions is expected. However, much is unknown regarding the current revision rate of Tommy John surgery, return to play, and change in performance in Major League Baseball (MLB) pitchers. Publicly available databases were used to obtain a list of all MLB pitchers who underwent primary and revision Tommy John surgery. Pitching performance preoperatively and postoperatively for pitchers who returned to 1 or more MLB games after revision surgery was compared with controls matched for age and position. Since 1999, 235 MLB pitchers have undergone Tommy John surgeries; 31 pitchers (13.2%) underwent revision surgery, and 37% underwent revision within 3 years of the index procedure. Twenty-six revisions had more than 2 years of follow-up; 17 pitchers (65.4%) returned to pitch at least 1 major league game, whereas only 11 (42.3%) returned to pitch 10 or more games. Of those who returned to MLB competition, the average length of recovery was 20.76 months. Compared with controls matched for age and position, MLB pitchers undergoing revision surgery had a statistically shorter career after revision surgery (4.9 vs 2.6 seasons, P = .002), pitched fewer innings, and had fewer total pitches per season. The rate of revision Tommy John surgery is substantially higher than previously reported. For MLB pitchers, return to play after revision surgery is much lower than after primary reconstruction. The overall durability of MLB pitchers after revision ulnar collateral ligament reconstruction decreases significantly compared with controls matched for age and matched controls. Copyright © 2016 Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery Board of Trustees. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  15. Death Penalty Issues Following Atkins

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Patton, James R.; Keyes, Denis W.

    2006-01-01

    In light of the U.S. Supreme Court's 2002 landmark decision in "Atkins v. Virginia," a diagnosis of mild mental retardation has taken on a life and death significance for people who are the most deeply involved in criminal justice. As such, each aspect of the mental retardation definition (American Association on Mental Retardation, 2002) is a…

  16. Of Atkins and men: deviations from clinical definitions of mental retardation in death penalty cases.

    PubMed

    Blume, John H; Johnson, Sheri Lynn; Seeds, Christopher

    2009-01-01

    Under Atkins v. Virginia, the Eighth Amendment exempts from execution individuals who meet the clinical definitions of mental retardation set forth by the American Association on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities and the American Psychiatric Association. Both define mental retardation as significantly subaverage intellectual functioning accompanied by significant limitations in adaptive functioning, originating before the age of 18. Since Atkins, most jurisdictions have adopted definitions of mental retardation that conform to those definitions. But some states, looking often to stereotypes of persons with mental retardation, apply exclusion criteria that deviate from and are more restrictive than the accepted scientific and clinical definitions. These state deviations have the effect of excluding from Atkins's reach some individuals who plainly fall within the class it protects. This article focuses on the cases of Roger Cherry, Jeffrey Williams, Michael Stallings, and others, who represent an ever-growing number of individuals inappropriately excluded from Atkins. Left unaddressed, the state deviations discussed herein permit what Atkins does not: the death-sentencing and execution of some capital defendants who have mental retardation.

  17. Best Practices Case Study: Tommy Williams Homes -Gainesville, FL

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    none,

    2011-04-01

    Case study of Tommy Williams Homes who has continued to outsell the competition with sales increasing despite the recession thanks to a systems-engineering approach developed with DOE’s Building America that yields high energy efficiency, comfort, and indoor air quality. The company offers to pay buyers’ energy bills for the first year.

  18. The efficacy of the modified Atkins diet in North Sea Progressive Myoclonus Epilepsy: an observational prospective open-label study.

    PubMed

    van Egmond, Martje E; Weijenberg, Amerins; van Rijn, Margreet E; Elting, Jan Willem J; Gelauff, Jeannette M; Zutt, Rodi; Sival, Deborah A; Lambrechts, Roald A; Tijssen, Marina A J; Brouwer, Oebele F; de Koning, Tom J

    2017-03-07

    North Sea Progressive Myoclonus Epilepsy is a rare and severe disorder caused by mutations in the GOSR2 gene. It is clinically characterized by progressive myoclonus, seizures, early-onset ataxia and areflexia. As in other progressive myoclonus epilepsies, the efficacy of antiepileptic drugs is disappointingly limited in North Sea Progressive Myoclonus Epilepsy. The ketogenic diet and the less restrictive modified Atkins diet have been proven to be effective in other drug-resistant epilepsy syndromes, including those with myoclonic seizures. Our aim was to evaluate the efficacy of the modified Atkins diet in patients with North Sea Progressive Myoclonus Epilepsy. Four North Sea Progressive Myoclonus Epilepsy patients (aged 7-20 years) participated in an observational, prospective, open-label study on the efficacy of the modified Atkins diet. Several clinical parameters were assessed at baseline and again after participants had been on the diet for 3 months. The primary outcome measure was health-related quality of life, with seizure frequency and blinded rated myoclonus severity as secondary outcome measures. Ketosis was achieved within 2 weeks and all patients completed the 3 months on the modified Atkins diet. The diet was well tolerated by all four patients. Health-related quality of life improved considerably in one patient and showed sustained improvement during long-term follow-up, despite the progressive nature of the disorder. Health-related quality of life remained broadly unchanged in the other three patients and they did not continue the diet. Seizure frequency remained stable and blinded rating of their myoclonus showed improvement, albeit modest, in all patients. This observational, prospective study shows that some North Sea Progressive Myoclonus Epilepsy patients may benefit from the modified Atkins diet with sustained health-related quality of life improvement. Not all our patients continued on the diet, but nonetheless we show that the modified

  19. A Canadian paradox: Tommy Douglas and eugenics.

    PubMed

    Shevell, Michael

    2012-01-01

    Tommy Douglas is an icon of Canadian 20th Century political history and is considered by many as the "Father" of Medicare, a key component of our national identity. Throughout his career, he was associated at both the provincial and federal levels with progressive causes concerning disadvantaged populations. In his sociology Master's thesis written in the early 1930's, Douglas endorsed eugenic oriented solutions such as segregation and sterilization to address what was perceived to be an endemic and biologically determined problem. At first glance, this endorsement of eugenics appears to be paradoxical, but careful analysis revealed that this paradox has multiple roots in religion, political belief, historical exposure and our own desire to view our collective history in a favourable light.

  20. Performance, Return to Competition, and Reinjury After Tommy John Surgery in Major League Baseball Pitchers: A Review of 147 Cases.

    PubMed

    Makhni, Eric C; Lee, Randall W; Morrow, Zachary S; Gualtieri, Anthony P; Gorroochurn, Prakash; Ahmad, Christopher S

    2014-06-01

    Pitching performance metrics, durability, and reinjury after Tommy John surgery in professional baseball players have not been well described. The purpose of this study was to determine the likelihood of return to professional competition, reinjury rate, and change in performance after Tommy John surgery in Major League Baseball pitchers. The hypothesis was that performance metrics and durability will decline after surgery. Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Publicly available records were accessed to generate a list of all Major League Baseball pitchers from 1999 to 2011 who had undergone ulnar collateral ligament reconstruction at any point in their careers; those with multiple reconstructive procedures were excluded. Return to active (≥1 game) or established (≥10 games) competition and/or placement on the disabled list was documented for each player. Among established players, pitching performance was compared pre- and postoperatively, as well as with age-matched control pitchers. Of 147 pitchers included, 80% returned to pitch in at least 1 Major League Baseball game. Only 67% of established pitchers returned to the same level of competition postoperatively, and 57% of established players returned to the disabled list because of injuries to the throwing arm. Finally, performance declined across several metrics after surgery compared with preinjury levels, such as earned run average, batting average against, walks plus hits per inning pitched, percentage of pitches thrown in the strike zone, innings pitched, percentage fastballs thrown, and average fastball velocity (P < .05 for all). However, these declines were not statistically different from similar declines found in age-matched controls who did not undergo Tommy John surgery. Return to the disabled list after Tommy John surgery is common among professional pitchers (>50%), and performance declines across several major metrics after surgery. Patients undergoing Tommy John surgery should be counseled

  1. Communicating Chemistry from "Molecules" to International Efforts: An Interview with Peter Atkins

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Cardellini, Liberato

    2008-01-01

    In this interview, Peter Atkins explains the deep motivations that compel him to sit at his desk at 6 AM writing books and textbooks. He discusses the four principal elements that help to make a chemistry textbook successful, including the secret ingredient. He also discusses the importance of problem solving, the interaction of multimedia, and…

  2. Internet resources for Tommy John injuries: what are patients reading?

    PubMed

    Johnson, Christine C; Garcia, Grant H; Liu, Joseph N; Stepan, Jeffrey G; Patel, Ronak M; Dines, Joshua S

    2016-12-01

    The quality of medical information on the Internet has come under scrutiny. This study investigates the quality, accuracy, and readability of online information regarding ulnar collateral ligament (UCL) injuries. Three search terms ("elbow ulnar collateral ligament injury," "tommy john injury," and "pitcher's elbow") were entered into 3 Internet search engines. Three independent reviewers evaluated the content and accuracy of the information with a set of predetermined scoring criteria. Website quality was further assessed by the Journal of the American Medical Association benchmark criteria and Health on the Net Foundation certification. Website readability was ascertained with the Flesch-Kincaid score. We evaluated 113 unique websites. The average quality for all websites was 8.88 ± 6.8 (maximum, 32 points). Website quality and accuracy were lower with use of the search term "pitcher's elbow" as compared with "elbow ulnar collateral ligament injury" or "tommy john injury" (P ≤ .001). Sites certified by the Health on the Net Foundation had higher quality scores than non-certified sites (P = .034). The mean reading grade level was 10.7. Reading level was significantly correlated with website accuracy and quality (P ≤ .001) and physician authorship (P = .012). Forty-three websites (38.1%) described surgical reconstruction; of these, 16 (37.2%) mentioned improved pitching performance postoperatively. Online information on UCL injuries is often inaccurate and written at an inappropriate reading level. Information quality depends on the search term used, website authorship, and commercial bias. Clinicians must be aware of factors influencing website quality in order to direct patients to appropriate resources. Copyright © 2016 Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery Board of Trustees. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  3. New Whole-House Solutions Case Study: Tommy Williams Homes Initial Performance of Two Zero Energy Homes, Gainesville, Florida

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    none,

    2011-11-01

    Tommy Williams Homes worked with PNNL, Florida HERO, Energy Smart Home Plans, and Florida Solar Energy Center to design and test two zero energy homes. Energy use was 30% lower in one home and 60% lower in the other.

  4. Effect of Resin Ducts and Sap Content on Infestation and Development of Immature Stages of Anastrepha obliqua and Anastrepha ludens (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Four Mango (Sapindales: Anacardiaceae) Cultivars.

    PubMed

    Guillén, Larissa; Adaime, Ricardo; Birke, Andrea; Velázquez, Olinda; Angeles, Guillermo; Ortega, Fernando; Ruíz, Eliel; Aluja, Martín

    2017-04-01

    We determined the influence of resin ducts, sap content, and fruit physicochemical features of four mango cultivars (Criollo, Manila, Ataulfo, and Tommy Atkins) on their susceptibility to the attack of the two most pestiferous fruit fly species infesting mangoes in Mexico: Anastrepha ludens (Loew) and Anastrepha obliqua (Macquart). We performed three studies: 1) analysis of resin ducts in mango fruit exocarp to determine the density and area occupied by resin ducts in each mango cultivar, 2) assessment of mango physicochemical features including fruit sap content, and 3) a forced infestation trial under field conditions using enclosed fruit-bearing branches to expose mangoes to gravid A. ludens or A. obliqua females. Infestation rates, development time from egg to prepupae and pupae, pupal weight, and percent of adult emergence, were assessed. 'Ataulfo' and 'Tommy Atkins' cultivars exhibited the highest resin duct density and sap content, the lowest infestation rate, and had a negative effect on immature development and pupal weight. In sharp contrast, 'Manila' and 'Criollo' cultivars, with the lowest resin duct density and sap content, were highly susceptible to A. ludens and A. obliqua attack. We conclude that sap content and the number, size, and distribution of resin ducts as well as firmness in mango fruit exocarp are all involved in the resistance of mango to A. ludens and A. obliqua attack. © The Authors 2017. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Entomological Society of America. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com.

  5. Effect of soaking in noni (Morinda citrifolia) juice on the microbiological and color behavior of Haden minimally processed mango.

    PubMed

    Ulloa, José Armando; González Tapia, Noemí T; Rosas Ulloa, Petra; Ramírez Ramírez, José Carmen; Ulloa Rangel, Blanca E

    2015-05-01

    The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of soaking in noni juice on the microbiological and color behavior of minimally processed mango. Two batches of Haden mango cubes were treated by immersion in noni juice for 2.5 or 5.0 min. Each batch was packed in polypropylene boxes and stored at 6 °C for up to 15 days; in addition, a control group of mango cubes was prepared by immersion in sterile water for the same duration. According to the results, the soaking of mango cubes in noni juice had an antimicrobial effect on mesophilic aerobic bacteria, molds and yeasts during storage at 6 °C for 15 days, without significantly (P < 0.05) affecting the CIE L*, a*, b*, chroma and hue angle values, in comparison with the control after 12 days of storage. The noni juice soaking treatment was demonstrated to be a potentially valuable technology for decontamination of fresh-cut fruit surfaces.

  6. Exploring the relationship between preferences for high fat foods and efficacy of the ketogenic and modified Atkins diets among children with seizure disorders.

    PubMed

    Amari, Adrianna; Turner, Zahava; Rubenstein, James E; Miller, Jonathan R; Kossoff, Eric H

    2015-02-01

    Previous research has indicated that children with seizures may prefer high fat foods - a preference compatible with ketogenic and modified Atkins dietary therapies. The purpose of this prospective study was to examine the relationship between fat preference and efficacy of therapeutic diets in treating intractable seizures among a pediatric population. Preference for high fat foods was directly assessed in a sample of 30 children prior to commencing either the ketogenic or modified Atkins diet. Seizure control was assessed at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months following diet initiation. Using an intent-to-treat analysis, correlations between fat preference and diet efficacy were examined at each follow-up and across the follow-up period. At individual follow-ups, correlations between fat preference and diet efficacy varied in terms of both strength and significance; however, modest, positive correlations with fat preference were significant when examining high levels of efficacy (100% seizure reduction, ≥90% seizure reduction) across a 1-year follow-up period. These findings provide preliminary evidence that fat preference, when directly assessed, may be a useful predictor of treatment efficacy for the ketogenic and modified Atkins diets; however, further research is necessary. Copyright © 2014 British Epilepsy Association. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  7. Business Solutions Case Study: Marketing Zero Energy Homes: Tommy Williams Homes, Gainesville, Florida

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    None

    Building America research has shown that high-performance homes can potentially give builders an edge in the marketplace and can boost sales, but it doesn't happen automatically. It requires a tailored, easy-to-understand marketing campaign, and sometimes a little flair. This case study highlights the successful marketing approach of Tommy Williams Homes, which devotes resources to advertising, targeted social media outlets and blogs, realtor education seminars, and groundbreaking and open house celebrations. As a result, in one community, 2013 property sales records show that TWH outsells the only other builder in the development at a higher price, with fewer days on themore » market.« less

  8. Evaluation of a simplified modified Atkins diet for use by parents with low levels of literacy in children with refractory epilepsy: A randomized controlled trial.

    PubMed

    Sharma, Suvasini; Goel, Shaiphali; Jain, Puneet; Agarwala, Anuja; Aneja, Satinder

    2016-11-01

    This study was planned to develop and evaluate a simple, easy-to-understand variation of the modified Atkins diet, for use by parents with low levels of literacy in children with refractory epilepsy. This study was conducted in two phases. In the first phase, a simplified version of the modified Atkins diet was developed. In the second phase this was evaluated in children aged 2-14 years who had daily seizures despite the appropriate use of at least two anticonvulsant drugs, in an open-label randomized-controlled-trial. Children were randomized to receive either the simplified modified Atkins diet or no dietary intervention for a period of 3 months with the ongoing anticonvulsant medications being continued unchanged in both the groups. Reduction in seizure frequency was the primary outcome-measure. Data was analyzed using intention to treat approach. Adverse effects were also studied. (Clinical trial identifier NCT0189989). Forty-one children were randomly assigned to the diet-group, and 40 were assigned to the control-group. Two patients discontinued the diet during the study period. The proportion of children with>50% seizure reduction was significantly higher in the diet group as compared to the control group (56.1% vs 7.5%, p<0.0001). The proportion of children with 90% seizure reduction was also higher in the diet group (19.5% vs 2%, p=0.09). Six children in the diet group were seizure free at 3 months compared with two in the control group (p=0.26). At 3 months, 6 children had constipation and 5 had weight loss. A simplified version of the modified Atkins diet was developed for use by parents with low levels literacy. This diet was found to be feasible, efficacious and well tolerated in children with refractory epilepsy. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  9. Midcontinent microcosm: Geology of the Atkins lake - Marengo falls area (Field trip 2)

    USGS Publications Warehouse

    Bjørnerud, Marcia; Cannon, William F.

    2011-01-01

    Archean and Proterozoic rocks exposed over about 16km2 between Atkins Lake and Coffee Lake in southeastern Bayfield County (Fig. 1) chronicle almost all of the major Precambrian geologic events in the history of the southern Superior Craton. The oldest rocks are part of a locally gneissic quartz monzonite complex, the Puritan Batholith, with an igneous Rb-Sr age of 2710+140 Ma (Sims et al., 1977). At the regional scale, this complex is part of one of the youngest Archean granite-greenstone belts in the Superior Province, and it intrudes greenstones of the Neoarchean Ramsay Formation. In the Atkins Lake – Marengo River area, the Puritan Batholith is nonconformably overlain by the Paleoproterozoic (ca. 2200 Ma) Bad River Dolomite. The Bad River Dolomite is in turn separated by an unconformity from rocks of the ca. 1875 Ma Menominee Group (Palms Formation and Ironwood Iron-formation), which locally contain mafic volcanic rocks and diabase sills (Cannon et al., 2008). These Paleoproterozoic rocks provide insight into climate and biogeochemical cycles during the transition to an oxidizing atmosphere (Bekker et al., 2006) and have deformational fabrics (folds, strong cleavage, local mylonite zones) that record the ca. 1850 Ma Penokean Orogeny. The youngest rocks in the area are Mesoproterozoic basaltic lava flows (Siemens Creek Volcanics, ca. 1110 Ma) and a layered mafic complex (the Mineral Lake Intrusion, also ca. 1100 Ma), both related to the Mid-continent Rift. All of the stratified units show static contact metamorphic textures near their contacts with the Mineral Lake Intrusion. Thus the area constitutes a microcosm of the regional bedrock geology, and the cross-cutting relationships among the units provide clear constraints on the relative timing of different phases of deformation and magmatism (Cannon etal., 2008, Bjørnerud, 2010a).

  10. Atkins and other low-carbohydrate diets: hoax or an effective tool for weight loss?

    PubMed

    Astrup, Arne; Meinert Larsen, Thomas; Harper, Angela

    The Atkins diet books have sold more than 45 million copies over 40 years, and in the obesity epidemic this diet and accompanying Atkins food products are popular. The diet claims to be effective at producing weight loss despite ad-libitum consumption of fatty meat, butter, and other high-fat dairy products, restricting only the intake of carbohydrates to under 30 g a day. Low-carbohydrate diets have been regarded as fad diets, but recent research questions this view. A systematic review of low-carbohydrate diets found that the weight loss achieved is associated with the duration of the diet and restriction of energy intake, but not with restriction of carbohydrates. Two groups have reported longer-term randomised studies that compared instruction in the low-carbohydrate diet with a low-fat calorie-reduced diet in obese patients (N Engl J Med 2003; 348: 2082-90; Ann Intern Med 2004; 140: 778-85). Both trials showed better weight loss on the low-carbohydrate diet after 6 months, but no difference after 12 months. WHERE NEXT?: The apparent paradox that ad-libitum intake of high-fat foods produces weight loss might be due to severe restriction of carbohydrate depleting glycogen stores, leading to excretion of bound water, the ketogenic nature of the diet being appetite suppressing, the high protein-content being highly satiating and reducing spontaneous food intake, or limited food choices leading to decreased energy intake. Long-term studies are needed to measure changes in nutritional status and body composition during the low-carbohydrate diet, and to assess fasting and postprandial cardiovascular risk factors and adverse effects. Without that information, low-carbohydrate diets cannot be recommended.

  11. Changes in the nutritional quality of five Mangifera species harvested at two maturity stages.

    PubMed

    Barbosa Gámez, Ignacio; Caballero Montoya, Karla P; Ledesma, Noris; Sáyago Ayerdi, Sonia G; García Magaña, María de Lourdes; Bishop von Wettberg, Eric J; Montalvo-González, Efigenia

    2017-11-01

    There are 69 species of edible Mangifera recognized in Southeast Asia. Most of these species have not been characterized for nutritional properties. This paper describes the nutritional quality of the pulp of several Mangifera species - Mangifera casturi, Mangifera lalijiwa, Mangifera odorata, Mangifera zeylanica and two cultivars of Mangifera indica, 'Tommy-Kent' and 'Tommy Atkins' - at two maturity stages. The results showed that nutritional quality varied with maturity stage and among species. The immature pulp of all species had higher content of total dietary fibre, vitamin C, vitamin E, total soluble polyphenols and antioxidant capacity. In mature pulp, the protein, ash, fat, soluble carbohydrate and B vitamin values were higher in all species. The species with the best nutritional quality were, in order from highest to lowest, M. casturi, M. odorata, M. zeylanica, M. indica cultivars and M. lalijiwa. The fruit pulp of three species had higher nutritional quality at both maturity stages in comparison with M. indica cultivars. These other Mangifera species can be nutritionally important in communities facing food insecurity and have potential as emerging crops. The decline of these valuable species in their natural habitats is an increasing concern, and their nutritional properties justify greater efforts to protect them. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.

  12. Insights into the Key Aroma Compounds in Mango (Mangifera indica L. 'Haden') Fruits by Stable Isotope Dilution Quantitation and Aroma Simulation Experiments.

    PubMed

    Munafo, John P; Didzbalis, John; Schnell, Raymond J; Steinhaus, Martin

    2016-06-01

    Thirty-four aroma-active compounds, previously identified with high flavor dilution factors by application of an aroma extract dilution analysis, were quantified in tree-ripened fruits of mango (Mangifera indica L. 'Haden'). From the results, the odor activity value (OAV) was calculated for each compound as the ratio of its concentration in the mangoes to its odor threshold in water. OAVs > 1 were obtained for 24 compounds, among which ethyl 2-methylbutanoate (fruity; OAV 2100), (3E,5Z)-undeca-1,3,5-triene (pineapple-like; OAV 1900), ethyl 3-methylbutanoate (fruity; OAV 1600), and ethyl butanoate (fruity; OAV 980) were the most potent, followed by (2E,6Z)-nona-2,6-dienal (cucumber-like), ethyl 2-methylpropanoate (fruity), (E)-β-damascenone (cooked apple-like), ethyl hexanoate (fruity), 4-hydroxy-2,5-dimethyl-3(2H)-furanone (caramel-like), 3-methylbut-2-ene-1-thiol (sulfurous), γ-decalactone (peach-like), β-myrcene (terpeny), (3Z)-hex-3-enal (green), 4-methyl-4-sulfanylpentan-2-one (tropical fruit-like), and ethyl octanoate (fruity). Aroma simulation and omission experiments revealed that these 15 compounds, when combined in a model mixture in their natural concentrations, were able to mimic the aroma of the fruits.

  13. Samuel Alderman Lomas (1838-1901) the man with two gravestones, his brother Muscot Atkin Lomas (1840-1907) and their lives in Victorian asylums.

    PubMed

    Hilton, Claire; Hilton, Benjamin

    2009-05-01

    Samuel Alderman Lomas died in the Hertfordshire County Asylum, Hill End, St Albans in 1901. He was buried in the asylum cemetery where two gravestones bear his name. This paper traces his life history and that of his brother Muscot Atkin Lomas. Both were classed as idiots in Victorian society and spent most of their lives -- from childhood until death -- in asylums.

  14. Modified Atkins diet vs classic ketogenic formula in intractable epilepsy.

    PubMed

    El-Rashidy, O F; Nassar, M F; Abdel-Hamid, I A; Shatla, R H; Abdel-Hamid, M H; Gabr, S S; Mohamed, S G; El-Sayed, W S; Shaaban, S Y

    2013-12-01

    The study was designed to evaluate the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of the ketogenic diet (KD) whether classic 4:1 formula or the modified Atkins diet (MAD) in intractable childhood epilepsy. Anthropometric measurements and serum lipid profile were measured upon enrollment and after 3 and 6 months in 40 patients with symptomatic intractable epilepsy. Fifteen were given MAD diet, ten were kept on classic 4:1 ketogenic liquid formula, and the rest were allowed to eat as desired. The liquid ketogenic formula group showed significantly higher body mass index compared with those who did not receive KD after 6 months. The lipid profile of KD patients was within normal limits for age and sex during the study period. The rate of change of frequency and severity of seizures showed best improvement in ketogenic liquid formula patients followed by the MAD group than the patients on anti-epileptic medications alone. The KD whether classic 4:1 or MAD is a tolerable, safe, and effective adjuvant therapy for intractable symptomatic childhood epilepsy with limited adverse effects on the growth parameters and accepted changes in the lipid profile. The liquid ketogenic formula patients showed better growth pattern and significantly more seizure control. © 2013 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

  15. Media perceptions of Tommy John surgery.

    PubMed

    Conte, Stan A; Hodgins, Justin L; ElAttrache, Neal S; Patterson-Flynn, Nancy; Ahmad, Christopher S

    2015-11-01

    UCL injury and 33.2% felt that throwing injuries were not preventable in adolescent baseball. Common misconceptions exist regarding UCL reconstruction within the professional baseball media. Efforts for physicians to educate the media on the risks of overuse throwing injuries with emphasis on accurate indications, outcomes, and recovery of Tommy John Surgery are encouraged.

  16. Study of influence on harvesting point in Brazilian Tommy Atkins mangoes submitted to gamma radiation

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Sabato, S. F.; Cruz, J. N.; Rela, P. R.; Broisler, P. O.

    2009-07-01

    Brazil is a great producer of tropical fruits including mangoes. Among several purposes gamma radiation can be applied as phytosanitary treatment. This is well studied in scientific papers and more recently demonstrated through commercial advances like bilateral protocols established between India and USA. The whole experiment evolved two parts where each of them used fruits from different maturity stages (stages 2 and 3). This experiment was carried out with around 300 fruits in each part of the study. The main objective was to get the experience close to commercial conditions. The irradiation was realized in Multipurpose Cobalt-60 source belonging to IPEN-CNEN/SP (developed in house by own technology). The absorbed doses were 0.2, 0.5 and 0.75 kGy. After irradiation all fruits were kept at 12 °C in acclimatized chamber during 14 days. After this period the fruits were brought to environmental conditions (25 °C) for around 14 more days of duration. These conditions were established to simulate the exportation conditions from Brazil to distant countries. Physical-chemical analysis (pH, titrable acidity, total soluble solids (°Brix) and texture) as well as visual observation (mass loss, rotting, internal and skin color) were evaluated. The results from this experiment could demonstrate that the characteristics of the mangoes are more dependent on time and temperature storage rather than irradiation.

  17. Characterization of the major aroma-active compounds in mango (Mangifera indica L.) cultivars Haden, White Alfonso, Praya Sowoy, Royal Special, and Malindi by application of a comparative aroma extract dilution analysis.

    PubMed

    Munafo, John P; Didzbalis, John; Schnell, Raymond J; Schieberle, Peter; Steinhaus, Martin

    2014-05-21

    The aroma-active compounds present in tree-ripened fruits of the five mango (Mangifera indica L.) cultivars Haden, White Alfonso, Praya Sowoy, Royal Special, and Malindi were isolated by solvent extraction followed by solvent-assisted flavor evaporation (SAFE) and analyzed by gas chromatography-olfactometery (GC-O). Application of a comparative aroma extract dilution analysis (cAEDA) afforded 54 aroma-active compounds in the flavor dilution (FD) factor range from 4 to ≥2048, 16 of which are reported for the first time in mango. The results of the identification experiments in combination with the FD factors revealed 4-hydroxy-2,5-dimethyl-3(2H)-furanone as an important aroma compound in all cultivars analyzed. Twenty-seven aroma-active compounds were present in at least one mango cultivar at an FD factor ≥128. Clear differences in the FD factors of these odorants between each of the mango cultivars suggested that they contributed to the unique sensory profiles of the individual cultivars.

  18. Multifaceted Health Benefits of Mangifera indica L. (Mango): The Inestimable Value of Orchards Recently Planted in Sicilian Rural Areas.

    PubMed

    Lauricella, Marianna; Emanuele, Sonia; Calvaruso, Giuseppe; Giuliano, Michela; D'Anneo, Antonella

    2017-05-20

    Historically, Mangifera indica L. cultivations have been widely planted in tropical areas of India, Africa, Asia, and Central America. However, at least 20 years ago its spreading allowed the development of some cultivars in Sicily, an island to the south of Italy, where the favourable subtropical climate and adapted soils represent the perfect field to create new sources of production for the Sicilian agricultural supply chain. Currently, cultivations of Kensington Pride, Keitt, Glenn, Maya, and Tommy Atkins varieties are active in Sicily and their products meet the requirements of local and European markets. Mango plants produce fleshy stone fruits rich in phytochemicals with an undisputed nutritional value for its high content of polyphenolics and vitamins. This review provides an overview of the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer properties of mango, a fruit that should be included in everyone's diet for its multifaceted biochemical actions and health-enhancing properties.

  19. Multifaceted Health Benefits of Mangifera indica L. (Mango): The Inestimable Value of Orchards Recently Planted in Sicilian Rural Areas

    PubMed Central

    Lauricella, Marianna; Emanuele, Sonia; Calvaruso, Giuseppe; Giuliano, Michela; D’Anneo, Antonella

    2017-01-01

    Historically, Mangifera indica L. cultivations have been widely planted in tropical areas of India, Africa, Asia, and Central America. However, at least 20 years ago its spreading allowed the development of some cultivars in Sicily, an island to the south of Italy, where the favourable subtropical climate and adapted soils represent the perfect field to create new sources of production for the Sicilian agricultural supply chain. Currently, cultivations of Kensington Pride, Keitt, Glenn, Maya, and Tommy Atkins varieties are active in Sicily and their products meet the requirements of local and European markets. Mango plants produce fleshy stone fruits rich in phytochemicals with an undisputed nutritional value for its high content of polyphenolics and vitamins. This review provides an overview of the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer properties of mango, a fruit that should be included in everyone’s diet for its multifaceted biochemical actions and health-enhancing properties. PMID:28531110

  20. Structure of the cell wall of mango after application of ionizing radiation

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Silva, Josenilda M.; Villar, Heldio P.; Pimentel, Rejane M. M.

    2012-11-01

    Cells of the mesocarp of mango cultivar Tommy Atkins were analyzed by Transmission Electron Microscope—TEM to evaluate the effects of doses of 0.5 and 1.0 kGy applied immediately after the fruit and after storage for twenty days at a temperature of 12 °C followed by 5 days of simulated marketing at a temperature of 21 °C. No alteration was found in the structure of the cell wall, middle lamella, and plasma membrane of fruits when analyzed immediately after application of doses. The mesocarp cell structure of the cell wall, middle lamella, and the plasma membrane did however undergo changes after storage. Fruits that received a dose of 0.5 kGy displayed slight changes in cell wall structure and slight disintegration of the middle lamella. Fruits that received a dose of 1.0 kGy displayed more severe changes in the structure of the cell wall, greater middle lamella degradation, and displacement of the plasma membrane.

  1. Resistance in mango against infection by Ceratocystis fimbriata.

    PubMed

    Araujo, Leonardo; Bispo, Wilka Messner Silva; Cacique, Isaías Severino; Moreira, Wiler Ribas; Rodrigues, Fabrício Ávila

    2014-08-01

    This study was designed to characterize and describe host cell responses of stem tissue to mango wilt disease caused by the fungus Ceratocystis fimbriata in Brazil. Disease progress was followed, through time, in inoculated stems for two cultivars, 'Ubá' (field resistant) and 'Haden' (field susceptible). Stem sections from inoculated areas were examined using fluorescence light microscopy and transmission and scanning electron microscopy, coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray microanalysis. Tissues from Ubá colonized by C. fimbriata had stronger autofluorescence than those from Haden. The X-ray microanalysis revealed that the tissues of Ubá had higher levels of insoluble sulfur and calcium than those of Haden. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that fungal hyphae, chlamydospores (aleurioconidia), and perithecia-like structures of C. fimbriata were more abundant in Haden relative to Ubá. At the ultrastructural level, pathogen hyphae had grown into the degraded walls of parenchyma, fiber cells, and xylem vessels in the tissue of Haden. However, in Ubá, plant cell walls were rarely degraded and hyphae were often surrounded by dense, amorphous granular materials and hyphae appeared to have died. Taken together, the results of this study characterize the susceptible and resistant basal cell responses of mango stem tissue to infection by C. fimbriata.

  2. Is the death of the death penalty near? The impact of Atkins and Roper on the future of capital punishment for mentally ill defendants.

    PubMed

    Shin, Helen

    2007-10-01

    In recent years, the U.S. Supreme Court has created two categorical exemptions to the death penalty. In Atkins v. Virginia, the Court exempted mentally retarded offenders. Three years later, in Roper v. Simmons, the Court extended the protection to juveniles. Based on these cases, the practices of foreign countries, and the opinions of professional organizations with relevant expertise, legal scholars speculate that the Court may, in the future, categorically exclude severely mentally ill offenders from the death penalty. This Note examines the feasibility of such an exemption for the mentally ill and considers its possible repercussions.

  3. Effect of osmotic dehydration and vacuum-frying parameters to produce high-quality mango chips.

    PubMed

    Nunes, Yolanda; Moreira, Rosana G

    2009-09-01

    Mango (Mangifera indica L.) is a fruit rich in flavor and nutritional values, which is an excellent candidate for producing chips. The objective of this study was to develop high-quality mango chips using vacuum frying. Mango ("Tommy Atkins") slices were pretreated with different maltodextrin concentrations (40, 50, and 65, w/v), osmotic dehydration times (45, 60, and 70 min), and solution temperatures (22 and 40 degrees C). Pretreated slices were vacuum fried at 120, 130, and 138 degrees C and product quality attributes (oil content, texture, color, carotenoid content) determined. The effect of frying temperatures at optimum osmotic dehydration times (65 [w/v] at 40 degrees C) was assessed. All samples were acceptable (scores > 5) to consumer panelists. The best mango chips were those pretreated with 65 (w/v) concentration for 60 min and vacuum fried at 120 degrees C. Mango chips under atmospheric frying had less carotenoid retention (32%) than those under vacuum frying (up to 65%). These results may help further optimize vacuum-frying processing of high-quality fruit-based snacks.

  4. 29 CFR 783.34 - Employees aboard vessels who are not “seamen”.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... (Knudson v. Lee & Simmons, Inc., 163 F. 2d 95; Walling v. Haden, 153 F. 2d 196, certiorari denied 32 U.S... of sand, gravel, or other materials are not employed as seamen within the meaning of the Act but are.... 2d 678; Walling v. Haden, supra; Walling v. Bay State Dredging & Contracting Co., 149 F. 2d 346...

  5. 29 CFR 783.34 - Employees aboard vessels who are not “seamen”.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... (Knudson v. Lee & Simmons, Inc., 163 F. 2d 95; Walling v. Haden, 153 F. 2d 196, certiorari denied 32 U.S... of sand, gravel, or other materials are not employed as seamen within the meaning of the Act but are.... 2d 678; Walling v. Haden, supra; Walling v. Bay State Dredging & Contracting Co., 149 F. 2d 346...

  6. 29 CFR 783.34 - Employees aboard vessels who are not “seamen”.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... (Knudson v. Lee & Simmons, Inc., 163 F. 2d 95; Walling v. Haden, 153 F. 2d 196, certiorari denied 32 U.S... of sand, gravel, or other materials are not employed as seamen within the meaning of the Act but are.... 2d 678; Walling v. Haden, supra; Walling v. Bay State Dredging & Contracting Co., 149 F. 2d 346...

  7. 29 CFR 783.34 - Employees aboard vessels who are not “seamen”.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... (Knudson v. Lee & Simmons, Inc., 163 F. 2d 95; Walling v. Haden, 153 F. 2d 196, certiorari denied 32 U.S... of sand, gravel, or other materials are not employed as seamen within the meaning of the Act but are.... 2d 678; Walling v. Haden, supra; Walling v. Bay State Dredging & Contracting Co., 149 F. 2d 346...

  8. 29 CFR 783.34 - Employees aboard vessels who are not “seamen”.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... (Knudson v. Lee & Simmons, Inc., 163 F. 2d 95; Walling v. Haden, 153 F. 2d 196, certiorari denied 32 U.S... of sand, gravel, or other materials are not employed as seamen within the meaning of the Act but are.... 2d 678; Walling v. Haden, supra; Walling v. Bay State Dredging & Contracting Co., 149 F. 2d 346...

  9. Modified Atkins diet induces subacute selective ragged-red-fiber lysis in mitochondrial myopathy patients.

    PubMed

    Ahola, Sofia; Auranen, Mari; Isohanni, Pirjo; Niemisalo, Satu; Urho, Niina; Buzkova, Jana; Velagapudi, Vidya; Lundbom, Nina; Hakkarainen, Antti; Muurinen, Tiina; Piirilä, Päivi; Pietiläinen, Kirsi H; Suomalainen, Anu

    2016-11-01

    Mitochondrial myopathy (MM) with progressive external ophthalmoplegia (PEO) is a common manifestation of mitochondrial disease in adulthood, for which there is no curative therapy. In mice with MM, ketogenic diet significantly delayed progression of the disease. We asked in this pilot study what effects high-fat, low-carbohydrate "modified Atkins" diet (mAD) had for PEO/MM patients and control subjects and followed up the effects by clinical, morphological, transcriptomic, and metabolomic analyses. All of our five patients, irrespective of genotype, showed a subacute response after 1.5-2 weeks of diet, with progressive muscle pain and leakage of muscle enzymes, leading to premature discontinuation of the diet. Analysis of muscle ultrastructure revealed selective fiber damage, especially in the ragged-red-fibers (RRFs), a MM hallmark. Two years of follow-up showed improvement of muscle strength, suggesting activation of muscle regeneration. Our results indicate that (i) nutrition can modify mitochondrial disease progression, (ii) dietary counseling should be part of MM care, (iii) short mAD is a tool to induce targeted RRF lysis, and (iv) mAD, a common weight-loss method, may induce muscle damage in a population subgroup. © 2016 The Authors. Published under the terms of the CC BY 4.0 license.

  10. Glycemic modulation in neuro-oncology: experience and future directions using a modified Atkins diet for high-grade brain tumors

    PubMed Central

    Strowd, Roy E.; Cervenka, Mackenzie C.; Henry, Bobbie J.; Kossoff, Eric H.; Hartman, Adam L.; Blakeley, Jaishri O.

    2015-01-01

    Dietary glycemic modulation through high-fat, low-carbohydrate diets, which induce a state of systemic ketosis and alter systemic metabolic signaling, have been incorporated into the clinical management of patients with neurological disease for more than a century. Mounting preclinical evidence supports the antitumor, proapoptotic, and antiangiogenic effects of disrupting glycolytic metabolism through dietary intervention. In recent years, interest in incorporating such novel therapeutic strategies in neuro-oncology has increased. To date, 3 published studies incorporating novel dietary therapies in oncology have been reported, including one phase I study in neuro-oncology, and have set the stage for further study in this field. In this article, we review the biochemical pathways, preclinical data, and early clinical translation of dietary interventions that modulate systemic glycolytic metabolism in the management of primary malignant brain tumors. We introduce the modified Atkins diet (MAD), a novel dietary alternative to the classic ketogenic diet, and discuss the critical issues facing future study. PMID:26649186

  11. Potential contribution of mangoes to reduction of vitamin A deficiency in Kenya.

    PubMed

    Muoki, Penina N; Makokha, Anselimo O; Onyango, Christine A; Ojijo, Nelson K O

    2009-01-01

    The β-carotene content of fresh and dried mangoes commonly consumed in Kenya was evaluated and converted to retinol equivalent (RE). Mango fruits of varieties Ngowe, Apple, and Tommy Atkins were harvested at mature green, partially ripe, and ripe stages and their β-carotene content analyzed. The stability of β-carotene in sun dried mangoes was also studied over 6 months under usual marketing conditions used in Kenya. The effect of using simple pretreatment methods prior to drying of mango slices on retention of β-carotene was as well evaluated. In amounts acceptable to children and women, fresh and dried mangoes can supply 50% or more of the daily required retinol equivalent for children and women. Stage of ripeness, variety, postharvest holding temperature, method of drying, and storage time of dried mango slices affected β-carotene content and consequently vitamin A value of the fruits. Apple variety grown in Machakos had the highest β-carotene. It exceeded the daily RE requirements by 11.8% and 21.5% for women and children respectively. Fresh or dried mangoes are a significant provitamin A source and should be included in food-based approaches aiming to reduce vitamin A deficiency.

  12. Surface treatments and coatings to maintain fresh-cut mango quality in storage.

    PubMed

    Plotto, Anne; Narciso, Jan A; Rattanapanone, Nithiya; Baldwin, Elizabeth A

    2010-10-01

    Edible coatings may extend fresh-cut fruit storage by preventing moisture loss and decreasing gas exchange. This study evaluated the effect of an antibrowning dip (calcium ascorbate, citric acid and N-acetyl-L-cysteine), followed or not with carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) or carrageenan coatings on quality of fresh-cut mangoes stored at 5 °C for up to 20 days. A fourth treatment, only used in one of four experiments, consisted of chitosan. Treatments were applied on 'Tommy Atkins', 'Kent' and 'Keitt' mangoes harvested from Homestead (FL), and on imported store-bought mangoes. The antibrowning dips maintained the best visual quality during storage for all cultivars, as indicated by higher b*, hue and L*. The CMC coating maintained similar visual quality, but carrageenan or chitosan decreased L* and b*. The antibrowning dip containing calcium ascorbate reduced firmness loss on cut pieces of 'Keitt', 'Kent' and store-bought mangoes. The antibrowning treatment maintained higher titratable acidity for 'Kent' and 'Keitt', resulting in lower sensory sweetness. This study with repeated experiments showed that calcium ascorbate with citric acid and N-acetyl-L-cysteine maintained cut mango slices attractiveness in storage by keeping light color in both varieties. The addition of a polysaccharide coating did not consistently improve quality.

  13. The Coast Artillery Journal. Volume 63, Number 1, July 1925

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1925-07-01

    he won. (N 0, Gentle Reader, I made no mention of my own winnings; please don’t interrupt). It worked out some- thing like this: Suppose Tommy Jones...erroneous judgment the latter would pay Tommy five (count them) five marbles. 1Vhereupon Tommy would start the game anew by con- cealing another covey of...marbles-and right here is where the brains came in. Tommy would size up his opponent in a fashion roughly as follows: "Bill is what the crossword

  14. Control of browning of minimally processed mangoes subjected to ultraviolet radiation pulses.

    PubMed

    de Sousa, Aline Ellen Duarte; Fonseca, Kelem Silva; da Silva Gomes, Wilny Karen; Monteiro da Silva, Ana Priscila; de Oliveira Silva, Ebenézer; Puschmann, Rolf

    2017-01-01

    The pulsed ultraviolet radiation (UV P ) has been used as an alternative strategy for the control of microorganisms in food. However, its application causes the browning of minimally processed fruits and vegetables. In order to control the browning of the 'Tommy Atkins' minimally processed mango and treated with UV P (5.7 J cm -2 ) it was used 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) (0.5 μL L -1 ), an ethylene action blocker in separate stages, comprising five treatments: control, UV P (U), 1-MCP + UV P (M + U), UV P  + 1-MCP (U + M) e 1-MCP + UV P  + 1-MCP (M + U + M). At the 1st, 7th and 14th days of storage at 12 °C, we evaluated the color (L* and b*), electrolyte leakage, polyphenol oxidase, total extractable polyphenols, vitamin C and total antioxidant activity. The 1-MCP, when applied before UV P , prevented the loss of vitamin C and when applied in a double dose, retained the yellow color (b*) of the cubes. However, the 1-MCP reduced lightness (L*) of independent mango cubes whatever applied before and/or after the UV P . Thus, the application of 1-MCP did not control, but intensified the browning of minimally processed mangoes irradiated with UV P .

  15. Advances in commercial application of gamma radiation in tropical fruits at Brazil

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Sabato, S. F.; Silva, J. M.; Cruz, J. N.; Broisler, P. O.; Rela, P. R.; Salmieri, S.; Lacroix, M.

    2009-07-01

    All regions of Brazil are potential areas for growing tropical fruits. As this country is already a great producer and exporter of tropical fruits, ionizing radiation has been the subject of studies in many commodities. An important project has been carried out to increase the commercial use of gamma radiation in our country. Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares (IPEN)-CNEN/SP together with field producers in northeast region and partners like International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), CIC, Empresa Brasileira Pesquisa na Agricultura (EMBRAPA) joined to demonstrate this technology, its application and commercial feasibility. The objective of this study is to show advances in feasibility demonstrate the quality of the irradiated fruits in an international consignment from Brazil to Canada. In this work, Tommy Atkins mangoes harvested in northeast region of Brazil were sent to Canada. The fruits were treated in a gamma irradiation facility at doses 0.4 and 1.0 kGy. The control group was submitted to hydrothermal treatment (46 °C for 110 min). The fruits were stored at 11 °C for 10 days until the international transportation and kept at an environmental condition (22 °C) for 12 days, where their physical-chemical and sensorial properties were evaluated. The financial part of the feasibility study covers the scope of the investment, including the net working capital and production costs.

  16. Performance and Return to Sport After Tommy John Surgery Among Major League Baseball Position Players.

    PubMed

    Jack, Robert A; Burn, Matthew B; Sochacki, Kyle R; McCulloch, Patrick C; Lintner, David M; Harris, Joshua D

    2018-06-01

    length than that of matched controls. Outfielders performed worse postoperatively versus preoperatively. There is a high rate of position change after Tommy John surgery for infielders and outfielders.

  17. Atkinesin-13A Modulates Cell-Wall Synthesis and Cell Expansion in Arabidopsis thaliana via the THESEUS1 Pathway

    PubMed Central

    Fujikura, Ushio; Elsaesser, Lore; Breuninger, Holger; Sánchez-Rodríguez, Clara; Ivakov, Alexander; Laux, Thomas; Findlay, Kim; Persson, Staffan; Lenhard, Michael

    2014-01-01

    Growth of plant organs relies on cell proliferation and expansion. While an increasingly detailed picture about the control of cell proliferation is emerging, our knowledge about the control of cell expansion remains more limited. We demonstrate here that the internal-motor kinesin AtKINESIN-13A (AtKIN13A) limits cell expansion and cell size in Arabidopsis thaliana, with loss-of-function atkin13a mutants forming larger petals with larger cells. The homolog, AtKINESIN-13B, also affects cell expansion and double mutants display growth, gametophytic and early embryonic defects, indicating a redundant role of the two genes. AtKIN13A is known to depolymerize microtubules and influence Golgi motility and distribution. Consistent with this function, AtKIN13A interacts genetically with ANGUSTIFOLIA, encoding a regulator of Golgi dynamics. Reduced AtKIN13A activity alters cell wall structure as assessed by Fourier-transformed infrared-spectroscopy and triggers signalling via the THESEUS1-dependent cell-wall integrity pathway, which in turn promotes the excess cell expansion in the atkin13a mutant. Thus, our results indicate that the intracellular activity of AtKIN13A regulates cell expansion and wall architecture via THESEUS1, providing a compelling case of interplay between cell wall integrity sensing and expansion. PMID:25232944

  18. Volatile components from mango (Mangifera indica L.) cultivars.

    PubMed

    Pino, Jorge A; Mesa, Judith; Muñoz, Yamilie; Martí, M Pilar; Marbot, Rolando

    2005-03-23

    The volatile components of 20 mango cultivars were investigated by means of simultaneous distillation-extraction, GC, and GC-MS. Three hundred and seventy-two compounds were identified, of which 180 were found for the first time in mango fruit. The total concentration of volatiles was approximately 18-123 mg/kg of fresh fruit. Terpene hydrocarbons were the major volatiles of all cultivars, the dominant terpenes being delta-3-carene (cvs. Haden, Manga amarilla, Macho, Manga blanca, San Diego, Manzano, Smith, Florida, Keitt, and Kent), limonene (cvs. Delicioso, Super Haden, Ordonez, Filipino, and La Paz), both terpenes (cv. Delicia), terpinolene (cvs. Obispo, Corazon, and Huevo de toro), and alpha-phellandrene (cv. Minin). Other qualitative and quantitative differences among the cultivars could be demonstrated.

  19. E-mail management of the modified Atkins Diet for adults with epilepsy is feasible and effective.

    PubMed

    Cervenka, Mackenzie C; Terao, Natalie N; Bosarge, Jennifer L; Henry, Bobbie J; Klees, Angela A; Morrison, Peter F; Kossoff, Eric H

    2012-04-01

    The modified Atkins Diet (MAD) is an effective dietary treatment for children with epilepsy. However, adults may have limited access to this therapy because of lack of availability of dietitian or nutrition support or familiarity with the diet by their treating neurologist. This study was designed to investigate the tolerability and efficacy of the MAD administered solely via e-mail to adults with pharmacoresistant epilepsy. A prospective, open-label, proof-of-principle 3-month study design was employed. Adults were enrolled, instructed on how to self-administer a 20 g carbohydrate per day MAD, and followed by the investigators only via e-mail. There were no clinic visits or dietitian contacts during the study period. Twenty-five participants (median age 30 years [range 18-66 years], 68% female) consented and 22 started the MAD. The median prior anticonvulsants was 5 (range 2-10) and seizure frequency was 5 per week (range 1-140). Urinary ketosis was achieved in 21 participants (95%), of which 16 (76%) reported at least 40 mg/dl (moderate). Twenty-one participants (95%) remained on the MAD at 1 month and 14 (64%) at 3 months. After 1 month, 9 (41%) had >50% seizure reduction including one (5%) with >90% seizure reduction using intent-to-treat analysis. After 3 months, 6 (27%) had >50% seizure reduction including 3 (14%) with >90% seizure reduction. The mean ketogenic ratio was 1.1:1 (fat:carbohydrates and protein) for those who provided a MAD food record at follow-up. Over the study period, the median number of e-mails sent by the participants was 6 (range 1-19). The most frequent side effect was weight loss. E-mail administration of the MAD to adults with refractory epilepsy appears to be feasible and effective. Therefore, when dietitian or physician support is limited for adult patients with epilepsy, remote access via telemedicine could provide an alternative. Wiley Periodicals, Inc. © 2012 International League Against Epilepsy.

  20. Control of anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum species in guava, mango and papaya using synergistic combinations of chitosan and Cymbopogon citratus (D.C. ex Nees) Stapf. essential oil.

    PubMed

    Lima Oliveira, Priscila Dinah; de Oliveira, Kataryne Árabe Rimá; Vieira, Willie Anderson Dos Santos; Câmara, Marcos Paz Saraiva; de Souza, Evandro Leite

    2018-02-02

    This study assessed the efficacy of chitosan (Chi) and Cymbopogon citratus (D.C. ex Nees) Stapf. essential oil (CCEO) combinations to control the mycelial growth of five pathogenic Colletotrichum species (C. asianum, C. siamense, C. fructicola, C. tropicale and C. karstii) in vitro, as well as the anthracnose development in guava (Psidium guajava L.) cv. Paluma, mango (Mangifera indica L.) cv. Tommy Atkins and papaya (Carica papaya L.) cv. Papaya artificially inoculated with these species. Combinations of Chi (2.5, 5 or 7.5mg/mL) and CCEO (0.15, 0.3, 0.6 or 1.25μL/mL) inhibited the mycelial growth of all tested fungal species in vitro. Examined Chi-CCEO combinations showed additive or synergistic interactions to inhibit the target Colletotrichum species based on the Abbott index. Coatings formed by synergistic Chi (5mg/mL) and CCEO (0.15, 0.3 or 0.6μL/mL) combinations decreased anthracnose lesion development in guava, mango and papaya inoculated with any of the tested Colleotrichum species during storage. Overall, anthracnose lesion development inhibition in fruit coated with synergistic Chi-CCEO combinations was higher than that observed in fruit treated with synthetic fungicides. These results show that the application of coatings formed by Chi-CCEO synergistic combinations could be effective to control postharvest anthracnose development in fruit. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  1. Observations of Local Seychelles Circulation

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2015-09-30

    long term deployments. Addtitionally, we have been in touch with Julie MacClean and Tommy Jenson regarding model output, both for use as boundary...help guide regional model boundary condition placement while Tommy is in the process of extracting numerical mooring outputs near the locations of our

  2. Recommended Processes and Best Practices for Nondestructive Inspection (NDI) of Safety-Of-Flight Structures

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2008-10-01

    Brausch, Lawrence Butkus, David Campbell, Tommy Mullis, and Michael Paulk Materials Integrity Branch System Support Division OCTOBER...PROGRAM ELEMENT NUMBER N/A 6. AUTHOR(S) John Brausch and Dr. Lawrence Butkus (AFRL/RXSA) David Campbell (76 MXSS/MXDEBB) Tommy Mullis (WRALC... David Forsyth, Texas Research Institute Austin, Inc. Dr. Matt Golis, Advanced Quality Concepts Ward Rummel, D&W Enterprises, LTD. 1 1.0

  3. Modeling and Simulation of an Unmanned Ground Vehicle Power System

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2014-08-07

    Modeling and Simulation of an Unmanned Ground Vehicle Power System John Broderick Jack Hartner Dawn Tilbury Ella Atkins Sponsored by U.S...5a. CONTRACT NUMBER 5b. GRANT NUMBER 5c. PROGRAM ELEMENT NUMBER 6. AUTHOR(S) John Broderick ; Jack Hartner; Dawn Tilbury; Ella Atkins 5d. PROJECT

  4. Effect of extrusion process on the functional properties of high amylose corn starch edible films and its application in mango (Mangifera indica L.) cv. Tommy Atkins.

    PubMed

    Calderón-Castro, Abraham; Vega-García, Misael Odín; de Jesús Zazueta-Morales, José; Fitch-Vargas, Perla Rosa; Carrillo-López, Armando; Gutiérrez-Dorado, Roberto; Limón-Valenzuela, Víctor; Aguilar-Palazuelos, Ernesto

    2018-03-01

    Starch is an attractive raw material as ingredient for edible film manufacture because of its low cost, abundant availability, renewability, and biodegradability. Nevertheless, starch based films exhibit several disadvantages such as brittleness and poor mechanical and barrier properties, which restrict its application for food packaging. The use of the extrusion technology as a pretreatment of the casting technique to change the starch structure in order to obtain edible films, may constitute an alternative to generate coatings with good functional properties and maintain longer the postharvest quality and shelf life of fruits. For this reason, the objective of this study was to optimize the conditions of an extrusion process to obtain a formulation of modified starch to elaborate edible films with good functional properties using the casting technique and assess the effect during the storage when applied on a model fruit. The best conditions of the extrusion process and concentration of plasticizers were obtained using response surface methodology. From optimization study, it was found that appropriate conditions to obtain starch edible films with the best mechanical and barrier properties were an extrusion temperature of 100 °C and a screw speed of 120 rpm, while the glycerol content was 16.73%. Also, once applied in fruit, the loss of quality attributes was diminished.

  5. The Brontes: A Research Guide.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Van Noate, Judith, Comp.

    This handout is a guide to library resources in the J. Murrey Atkins Library at the University of North Carolina-Charlotte, for the study of the 19th-century English authors Branwell, Anne, Charlotte, and Emily Bronte. The guide is intended to help readers find resources in the Atkins library for biographical and critical material on the Brontes.…

  6. The Coast Artillery Journal. Volume 79, Number 3, May-June 1936

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1936-06-01

    that of the British Tommy . Could it be that our parade ground soldiers failed to.bor- row the technique of wearing when they appropriated the model? The... Tommy soon learned that the length of dangling leather was not a chin strap but a cranium surcingle. After all, the tin hat is heavy enough to be...championship in the post basketball league, and in plain, old-fashioned "soldiering" it has proved that its men can deliver the goods. Fott Totten mounts an

  7. Solving Tommy's Writing Problems.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Burdman, Debra

    1986-01-01

    The article describes an approach by which word processing helps to solve some of the writing problems of learning disabled students. Aspects considered include prewriting, drafting, revising, and completing the story. (CL)

  8. Obituary: Thomas Gold, 1920-2004

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Dermott, Stanley F.

    2004-12-01

    Thomas "Tommy" Gold died of heart disease at Cayuga Medical Center, Ithaca NY on 22 June 2004 at the age of 84. He will be remembered as one of the most interesting, dynamic and influential scientists of his generation. Tommy's paradigm-changing ideas in astronomy and planetary science, while original and bold, were also highly controversial. With his radical work on the origin of natural gas and petroleum, the controversy is likely to continue. Tommy was born in Vienna, Austria on 22 May 1920, moving with his family to Berlin at age 10 and then, after the rise of Hitler in 1933, to England. His parents were Josephine (nee Martin) and Maximillian Gold, a successful steel magnate. Tommy was educated at Zuoz College in Switzerland where he became an expert skier and developed an athletic prowess that he maintained throughout his life, winning a NASTAR gold medal for skiing at the age of 65. He studied Mechanical Sciences at Trinity College, Cambridge, but much to his disgust his education was interrupted because of internment by the British as a suspected enemy alien. That unfortunate period (I remember him saying to me "Can you believe the stupidity, interring people like me who had fled from Nazi Germany?") had one good outcome: on his first night in camp he met Hermann Bondi who had an important influence on his early development as a scientist. They were both born in Vienna, their parents knew each other, and they were fellow students at Trinity, but this was their first meeting. On release, he went immediately into top-secret radar research for the British Admiralty, working as a team with Bondi and Fred Hoyle in a farm cottage in Dunsfold, Surrey. Tommy's first published research, which was a Nature paper with R.J. Pumphrey in 1947, was not in astronomy but physiology. He applied his engineer's understanding of positive feedback to develop and test a resonance model for how the human ear determines pitch. His conclusion that pitch discrimination occurs

  9. 77 FR 67020 - Performance Review Board Appointments

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-11-08

    ..., Tommy Beck, Richard Belin, Alletta Berrigan, Michael Black, Michael Black, Steven Blanchard, Mary Josie..., Robert Reidenbach, Dennis Reynolds, Michael Rice, Bryan Roberson, Edwin Rountree, Carl Russ, David...

  10. Onset of Ulcerative Colitis during a Low-Carbohydrate Weight-Loss Diet and Treatment with a Plant-Based Diet: A Case Report.

    PubMed

    Chiba, Mitsuro; Tsuda, Satoko; Komatsu, Masafumi; Tozawa, Haruhiko; Takayama, Yuko

    2016-01-01

    Overweight and obesity are global health concerns. Various effective weight-loss diets have been developed, including the Atkins diet. The Atkins diet is known as an extreme low-carbohydrate diet. This diet reduces body weight and has gained widespread popularity. However, the metabolite profiles of such a diet have been shown to be detrimental to colonic health. Therefore, a concern for the long-term health effects of this diet exists. We encountered a case in which ulcerative colitis developed while the patient was following the Atkins diet.A man, 172 cm in height and weighing 72 kg, at age 36 years followed a low-carbohydrate weight-loss diet. His weight decreased to 66 kg as desired. Thereafter he noticed bloody stool. Colonoscopy revealed diffuse inflammation limited to the rectum, and he was diagnosed with ulcerative colitis. He underwent an educational hospitalization for ulcerative colitis. A plant-based/semivegetarian diet was provided during hospitalization. Bloody stool disappeared during hospitalization and he achieved remission without medication for inflammatory bowel disease.This case indicates that an onset of ulcerative colitis can be an adverse event to a low-carbohydrate weight-loss diet.

  11. Mango (Mangifera indica L.) germplasm diversity based on single nucleotide polymorphisms derived from the transcriptome.

    PubMed

    Sherman, Amir; Rubinstein, Mor; Eshed, Ravit; Benita, Miri; Ish-Shalom, Mazal; Sharabi-Schwager, Michal; Rozen, Ada; Saada, David; Cohen, Yuval; Ophir, Ron

    2015-11-14

    Germplasm collections are an important source for plant breeding, especially in fruit trees which have a long duration of juvenile period. Thus, efforts have been made to study the diversity of fruit tree collections. Even though mango is an economically important crop, most of the studies on diversity in mango collections have been conducted with a small number of genetic markers. We describe a de novo transcriptome assembly from mango cultivar 'Keitt'. Variation discovery was performed using Illumina resequencing of 'Keitt' and 'Tommy Atkins' cultivars identified 332,016 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and 1903 simple-sequence repeats (SSRs). Most of the SSRs (70.1%) were of trinucleotide with the preponderance of motif (GGA/AAG)n and only 23.5% were di-nucleotide SSRs with the mostly of (AT/AT)n motif. Further investigation of the diversity in the Israeli mango collection was performed based on a subset of 293 SNPs. Those markers have divided the Israeli mango collection into two major groups: one group included mostly mango accessions from Southeast Asia (Malaysia, Thailand, Indonesia) and India and the other with mainly of Floridian and Israeli mango cultivars. The latter group was more polymorphic (FS=-0.1 on the average) and was more of an admixture than the former group. A slight population differentiation was detected (FST=0.03), suggesting that if the mango accessions of the western world apparently was originated from Southeast Asia, as has been previously suggested, the duration of cultivation was not long enough to develop a distinct genetic background. Whole-transcriptome reconstruction was used to significantly broaden the mango's genetic variation resources, i.e., SNPs and SSRs. The set of SNP markers described in this study is novel. A subset of SNPs was sampled to explore the Israeli mango collection and most of them were polymorphic in many mango accessions. Therefore, we believe that these SNPs will be valuable as they recapitulate and

  12. 75 FR 57329 - Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Diabetes Mellitus

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-09-20

    ..., Tommy S. Boden, Travis D. Bjerk, Scott L. Colson, Dustin G. Cook, Nathan J. Enloe, Stephen J. Faxon, Joseph B. Hall, Mark H. Horne, Michael J. Hurst, Chad W. Lawyer, John R. Little, Roy L. McKinney, Thomas...

  13. 77 FR 70537 - Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Vision

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-11-26

    ... A. Giarrusso (FL) Benjamin P. Hall (NY) John N. Lanning (CA) Bruce J. Lewis (RI) John L. Lolley (AL) Charles M. McDaris (GA) Tommy L. McKnight (OH) Calvin J. Schaap (MN) Frederick C. Schultz, Jr. (NY) Steve...

  14. Atkins Diet: What's Behind the Claims?

    MedlinePlus

    ... of Privacy Practices Notice of Nondiscrimination Manage Cookies Advertising Mayo Clinic is a not-for-profit organization and proceeds from Web advertising help support our mission. Mayo Clinic does not ...

  15. How I Teach the Second Law of Thermodynamics

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Kincanon, Eric

    2013-01-01

    An alternative method of presenting the second law of thermodynamics in introductory courses is presented. The emphasis is on statistical approaches as developed by Atkins. This has the benefit of stressing the statistical nature of the law.

  16. MIT CSAIL and Lincoln Laboratory Task Force Report

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2016-06-09

    Regina Barzilay • Tommi Jaakkola • Stephanie Jagelka • Tamara Broderick • Leslie Kaelbling • Olga Simek • Danelle Shah • Charlie Dagli • Develop...Jagelka • Tamara Broderick • Leslie Kaelbling • Arjun Majumdar • Mike Hurley • Ben Smith • Generalized object detection/ classification and

  17. Efficacy of and patient compliance with a ketogenic diet in adults with intractable epilepsy: a meta-analysis.

    PubMed

    Ye, Fang; Li, Xiao-Jia; Jiang, Wan-Lin; Sun, Hong-Bin; Liu, Jie

    2015-01-01

    Despite the successful use of a ketogenic diet in pediatric epilepsy, its application in adults has been limited. The aim of this meta-analysis was to summarize the findings of relevant published studies in order to identify the efficacy of and compliance with a ketogenic diet and its main subtypes (i.e., classic ketogenic diet and modified Atkins diet) in adults with intractable epilepsy, and to provide useful information for clinical practice. Electronic searches of PubMed, EMBASE, Google Scholar, and the ISI Web of Science were conducted to identify studies of the efficacy of and patient compliance with a ketogenic diet in adults with intractable epilepsy; the included studies were reviewed. Meta-analyses were performed using STATA to determine combined efficacy rates and combined rates of compliance with the ketogenic diet and its main subtypes. In total, 12 studies qualified for inclusion, and data from 270 patients were evaluated.The results of the meta-analysis revealed combined efficacy rates of all types of ketogenic diet, a classical ketogenic diet, and a modified Atkins diet were 42%, 52%, and 34%, respectively; the corresponding combined compliance rates were 45%, 38%, and 56%. The results indicate that a ketogenic diet is a promising complementary therapy in adult intractable epilepsy, and that while a classical ketogenic diet may be more effective, adult patients are likely to be less compliant with it than with a modified Atkins diet.

  18. A Comparative Assessment of Knowledge Management Leadership Approaches within the Department of Defense

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2007-03-01

    A COMPARATIVE ASSESSMENT OF KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT LEADERSHIP APPROACHES WITHIN THE DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE... MANAGEMENT LEADERSHIP APPROACHES WITHIN THE DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE THESIS Presented to the Faculty Department of Systems and Engineering...KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT LEADERSHIP APPROACHES WITHIN THE DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE Tommy V. S. Marshall II, BS Captain, USAF Approved

  19. A Portable Burn Pan for the Disposal of Excess Propellants

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2015-11-01

    National Guard Bureau; John Hunt , formerly at Camp Grayling; Jo Anderson, formerly at Ft. Indiantown Gap; and Steve Thurmond, formerly at US Army Alaska...Finally at CRREL, Marianne Walsh, Charlie Smith, Tommie Hall, Matt Bigl, Chris Donnelly, and Jordan Hodge all played major roles in the success of the burn pan.

  20. The Application of SERS (Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering) to Study Surface Oxidation Reactions of Phosphonates.

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1988-02-15

    Center Attn: Dr. Ron Atkins Code 50C Chemistry Division Crane, Indiana 47522-5050 China Lake, California 93555 Scientific Advisor INaval Civil...Superintendent Marine Sciences Division Chemistry Division, Code 6100 San Diego, California 91232 Naval Research Laboratory Washington, D.C. 20375-5000 ,! .1

  1. Developing Accessible Cyberinfrastructure-Enabled Knowledge Communities in the National Disability Community: Theory, Practice, and Policy

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Myhill, William N.; Cogburn, Derrick L.; Samant, Deepti

    2008-01-01

    Since publication of the Atkins Commission report 2003, the national scientific community has placed significant emphasis on developing cyberinfrastructure-enabled knowledge communities, which are designed to facilitate enhanced efficiency and collaboration in geographically distributed networks of researchers. This article suggests that the new…

  2. Branch President gives evidence at Scottish Parliament.

    PubMed

    2017-07-01

    As the Scottish Government moves forward with its recently announced package of measures on animal health and welfare, Hayley Atkin, BVA Policy Officer, describes a busy month for the President of BVA Scottish Branch representing members in the Scottish Parliament. British Veterinary Association.

  3. 78 FR 77151 - Notice of Senior Executive Service Performance Review Board Appointments

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-12-20

    ... Scott Rodi, John L. Roessel, Charles M. Rosen, Diane K. Ross, John W. Roth, Barry N. Rountree, Carl D.... Barchenger, Ervin J Bathrick, Mark L. Bayani, Theresa Walsh Beall, James W. Bean, Michael J. Beaudreau, Tommy.... Blanchard, Mary Josie Boling, Edward A. Bolton, Hannibal Bowker, Bryan L. Broun, Laurence I. Brown, David W...

  4. Out-of-Hospital Combat Casualty Care in the Current War in Iraq

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2009-02-01

    could not be cleared with available suction equipment (3). There were 10 instances of chitosan hemostatic dressing use (3% of wounded in action). A...Eagle: MAJ David Mathias, MD, CPT Tommy Laird, MPAS, EMPA-C, CPT Scott G. Sullivan, MPAS, PA-C, and CPT Anthony Freiler, PA-C. We also express our

  5. The Slimeball: The Development of Broad-Scale Maritime Non-Lethal Weaponry

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2009-04-01

    commercial applications from waste management to horticulture to baby diapers. By some estimates, it can absorb one thousand times its volume in water...www.nytimes.com/2008/10/31/world/africa/31pirates.html?pagewanted=1&_r=1. Goolsby, Tommy D. “Aqueous Foam as a Less-Than-Lethal Technology for Prison

  6. Combat Risk and Pay: Theory and Some Evidence

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2011-10-01

    Kavanagh, and Laura Miller. 2006. “How Deployments Affect Service Members.” RAND Report MG432. Hosek, James R. and Mark E. Totten . 2004. “The Effect of...Richard Layard, 12: 641 92. Amsterdam, Netherlands: North Holland Publishing Co. Shogren, Jason F. and Tommy Stamland. 2002. “Skill and the Value of

  7. A Complicated Personality in "Seize the Day" by Saul Bellow

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Kalay, Faruk

    2015-01-01

    Saul Bellow, a distinctive prominent writer in American literature, is frequently concerned with the themes of Jewish culture, and alienation. In Bellow's novel "Seize the Day," Tommy Adler "the maladroit, suffering middle-aged hero of the book, is the pathetic heir in post-war fiction to the failure of the American Dream"…

  8. Exposed: Phallic Protections, Shame and Damaged Parental Objects

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Cregeen, Simon

    2009-01-01

    Using ideas derived from Dana Birksted-Breen ("Phallus, penis and mental space," "International Journal of Psycho-Analysis," 77: 649-57, 1996), this article explores the clinical experience with "Tommy," a young boy who suffered multiple traumas and neglect. Birksted-Breen describes a phallic state of mind, which, amongst other things, serves to…

  9. Drafting Instructors Look at Metrics, Computers, and Change

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Smith, Howard

    1974-01-01

    Four drafting teachers give their opinions on how to teach metric measurement and conversion and other matters. They are Jeffry T. Lufting, James E. Kelso, L. Dayle Yeager, and Michael B. Atkins. Computer graphics, modular structures, communicative drafting, and microfilm reproduction are also discussed. (MS)

  10. A System for Controlled Presentation of the Arden Contrast Sensitivity Test.

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1985-12-01

    and Woo,1978); I.?glaucoma (Atkin, et al,1979); amblyopia (Hess,1979); retinal degeneration (Woo and Long,1979); multiple sclerosis (Regan, et al...decrease, contrast sensitivity diminishes, and imaging L shifts to an area covering 12 -15 of the peripheral macula . The theoretical threshold grid

  11. 76 FR 28128 - Reports, Forms, and Record Keeping Requirements; Agency Information Collection Activity Under OMB...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-05-13

    ... INFORMATION CONTACT: Randolph Atkins, Ph.D., Office of Behavioral Safety Research, National Highway Traffic... this countermeasure to assist other communities in establishing well-designed speed management programs, including ASE. This study will conduct a census survey of existing ASE programs in the United States, as...

  12. Global Proliferation-Dynamics, Acquisition Strategies, and Responses. Volume 2. Nuclear Proliferation

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1994-09-01

    due to Marvin Atkins, Joel Bengston. Richard Blumstein. John Bulger, James Bushong, Burrus Carnahan, Alexis Castor, Emerory Chase, Edward Chaves...SCIENCE BOARDATTN: DR P G K MINSKI OSD (DDR&E) ATTN: DR VICTOR REIS DEPUTY ASSISTANT SECRETARY OSD COMPTROLLER ATTN: JANE MATTHIAS ATTN: HONORABLE JOHN

  13. Putu Tuagsigsug Asriagpanmik (Tommy Buys an Apple).

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Pope, Mary L.; Pulu, Tupou L.

    This second grade elementary language text, designed for children in bilingual Inupiat-English programs in the Alaskan villages of Ambler, Kobuk, Kiana, Noorvik, Selawik, and Shungnak, is a story about a child's trip to the grocery store. Each page of text is illustrated with a black-and-white drawing. The English equivalent is given at the back…

  14. Predicting Resource Needs for Multiple and Mass Casualty Events in Combat: Lessons Learned From Combat Support Hospital Experience in Operation Iraqi Freedom

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2009-04-01

    from rocket attack near a forward operating base (Photo courtesy of Tommy A. Brown). Predicting Resource Needs for Mass Casualty in Combat Volume 66...combat support hospital. J Trauma 2008; 64(2 suppl):S79–S85. 19. Wedmore I, McManus JG, Pusateri AE, et al. A special report on the chitosan -based

  15. I Invite You To Know the Earth II. 5th to 8th Grade of Preparatory School Teacher's Guide [and] 5th to 8th Grade of Preparatory School Textbook.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization, Paris (France). Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission.

    The student textbook is designed for grades 5-8 and explores various earth science topics. A cartoon character named Tommy Tsumi explores earth facts and concepts throughout the text. Activities, materials, and learning objectives for each unit in the textbook are presented in the teacher's guide. Units in both books include: (1) "The Outside…

  16. Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the Association for Education in Journalism and Mass Communication (83rd, Phoenix, Arizona, August 9-12, 2000). Communication Theory and Method Division.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Association for Education in Journalism and Mass Communication.

    The Communication Theory and Method Division section of the proceedings contains the following 16 papers: "Profiling TV Ratings Users: Content-Based Advisories and Their Adoption" (Robert Abelman and David Atkin); "It's All About the Information: Salience Effects on the Perceptions of News Exemplification" (Francesca R. Dillman…

  17. Commentary: Establishing Efficient and Durable Systems of School-Based Support

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Sugai, George

    2003-01-01

    Although universal school-wide support efforts are sufficient for most students, some children need more specialized and intensive supports. These supports are organized into programmatic structures such as alternative programs, special education, and Title programs. However, as Atkins, Graczyk, Frazier, and Abdul-Adil (2003) have described, an…

  18. IQ Scores Should Not Be Adjusted for the Flynn Effect in Capital Punishment Cases

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Hagan, Leigh D.; Drogin, Eric Y.; Guilmette, Thomas J.

    2010-01-01

    "Atkins v. Virginia" (2002) dramatically raised the stakes for mental retardation in capital punishment cases, but neither defined this condition nor imposed uniform standards for its assessment. The basic premise that mean IQ scores shift over time enjoys wide recognition, but its application--including the appropriateness of…

  19. 76 FR 70212 - Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Vision

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-11-10

    .... Hershberger Patrick J. Hogan, Jr. Todd A. McBrian Amilton T. Monteiro Harold W. Mumford John W. Myre David G. Oakley Charles D. Oestreich John S. Olsen Thomas J. Prusik Brent L. Seaux Glen W. Sterling The exemptions.... Bequeaith Lloyd K. Brown Larry Chinn Kecia D. Clark-Welch Tommy R. Crouse Ben W. Davis Charles A. DeKnikker...

  20. Serving Others: Student-Run Restaurant Teaches Many Lessons

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Farmer, Tom

    2015-01-01

    Cairns and cares: they sound nearly alike, and at Tommie Kunst Junior High School (Santa Maria, CA), the two words are synonymous. Kim Cairns is a "Pitsco Education" Life Skills lab facilitator who cares deeply about her students--what they do, what they say, how they act, what they learn, and everything in between. Cairns has taken…

  1. Range of Motion

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Gehring, John

    2005-01-01

    Childhood obesity may be an epidemic for American children in general, but experts say that for severely disabled youth, it is even worse. This article describes how in the spring of 2005, national leaders addressed the issue of childhood obesity particularly as it relates to disabled children. It was at this time that Secretary Tommy Thompson of…

  2. Simulations for the Test Flight of an Experimental HALE Aircraft

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2011-06-01

    as a plant representation for HALE aircraft control design. It focuses on a reduced number of states to represent the complex nonlinear problem...Atkins, Ella M., Shearer, Christopher M. and Nathan A. Pitcher . “X-HALE: A Very Flexible UAV for Nonlinear Aeroelastic Tests.” (AIAA 2010-2715), April

  3. Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the Association for Education in Journalism and Mass Communication (81st, Baltimore, Maryland, August 5-8, 1998). History.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Association for Education in Journalism and Mass Communication.

    The History section of the Proceedings contains the following 18 papers: "Pioneers in the State Freedom of Information Movement" (Jeanni Atkins and James A. Lumpp); "'Censorship Liberally Administered': Press, U.S. Military Relations in the Spanish-American War" (Randall S. Sumpter); "Two Tales of One City: How Cultural…

  4. Journal of Chemical Education: Software.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Journal of Chemical Education, 1989

    1989-01-01

    "Spreadsheets in Physical Chemistry" contains reviewed and classroom tested Lotus 1-2-3 and SuperCalc IV templates and handouts designed for use in physical chemistry courses. The 21 templates keyed to Atkins' physical chemistry textbook, the 7 numerical methods templates, and the 10 simulation templates are discussed. (MVL)

  5. Motion Picture Effects on Public Understanding, Recruitment and Retention in the Military: Exploring the Situational Factors of Involvement and Celebrity Influence

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1991-01-01

    advertising research. Journal of Advertising, 9(4), 27-40. Atkins, C., & Block, M. (1983). Effectiveness of celebrity endorsers. Journal of Advertising Research , 23...Relations Review, 10(2), 28-38. MacLachlan, J. (1983). Making a message memorable and persuasive. Journal of Advertising Research , 23, 51-59. Marshall, C

  6. Report on the "Proposed Library Reorganization".

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Lowry, Charles; And Others

    A proposed reorganization plan for the J. Murrey Atkins Library of the University of North Carolina at Charlotte would organize the library in the collegial mold with two departments, Public Services and Technical Services. Within each department, librarians would form a faculty with emphasis on participatory management. Decisions involving the…

  7. Virtual Control Systems Environment (VCSE)

    ScienceCinema

    Atkins, Will

    2018-02-14

    Will Atkins, a Sandia National Laboratories computer engineer discusses cybersecurity research work for process control systems. Will explains his work on the Virtual Control Systems Environment project to develop a modeling and simulation framework of the U.S. electric grid in order to study and mitigate possible cyberattacks on infrastructure.

  8. Modal Characterization of a Piezoelectric Shaker Table

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2015-06-01

    actuated shaker tables are often used for high frequency fatigue testing. Since natural frequencies can appear in the operating range of these...course of this thesis effort. I would also like to thank Dr. Tommy George and all of the helpful people in the Turbine Engine Fatigue Facility at the...4 Figure 2. Perovskite Crystal Structure of PZT Ceramics ................................................... 5 Figure 3

  9. Offenders with Intellectual Disability: Characteristics, Prevalence, and Issues in Forensic Assessment

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Salekin, Karen L.; Olley, J. Gregory; Hedge, Krystal A.

    2010-01-01

    Although the problem of people with disabilities as victims of crime has been well recognized, the known characteristics of people with intellectual disabilities (ID) also make them vulnerable to becoming perpetrators of crimes. Most such crimes are minor, but the 2002 "Atkins v. Virginia" decision called national attention to people with ID and…

  10. Accommodating Difference: Native American English Education--Reexamining Past Assumptions and Recognizing Socio-Political Influences.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Oesch, Debbie

    J.D.C. Atkins, Commissioner of Indian Affairs from 1885-88, asserted, "No unity or community of feeling can be established among different peoples unless they are brought to speak the same language, and thus become imbued with like ideas of duty." Educators at government-operated Native American boarding schools embraced this assumption…

  11. Homicide Defendants with Intellectual Disabilities: Issues in Diagnosis in Capital Cases

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Greenspan, Stephen

    2011-01-01

    This article explores the many issues involved in establishing the diagnosis of intellectual disability in a so-called Atkins (death penalty exemption) hearing. Among the issues addressed are the need to go beyond IQ scores in establishing intellectual deficits, the need to go beyond rating scores in establishing adaptive behavior deficits, the…

  12. Campus Cyberinfrastructure: A Crucial Enabler for Science

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Freeman, Peter A.; Almes, Guy T.

    2005-01-01

    Driven by the needs of college/university researchers and guided by a blue-ribbon advisory panel chaired by Daniel E. Atkins, the National Science Foundation (NSF) has initiated a broad, multi-directorate activity to create modern cyberinfrastructure and to apply it to transforming the effectiveness of the scientific research enterprise in higher…

  13. Composing Science: A Facilitator's Guide to Writing in the Science Classroom

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Elliott, Leslie Atkins; Jaxon, Kim; Salter, Irene

    2016-01-01

    Offering expertise in the teaching of writing (Kim Jaxon) and the teaching of science (Leslie Atkins Elliott and Irene Salter), this book will help instructors create classrooms in which students use writing to learn and think scientifically. The authors provide concrete approaches for engaging students in practices that mirror the work that…

  14. Learning Materials and Services at the University of North Carolina at Charlotte.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    North Carolina Univ., Charlotte. J. Murrey Atkins Library.

    The Media Committee of the Atkins Library of the University of North Carolina performed a 3-month study to review the library's existing policies on media resources and services and to make recommendations for improvement and expansion. As a result, the integration of all learning materials and services at the university was proposed, with the…

  15. Processing of Thermotropic Liquid Crystalline Polymers and Their Blends

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1990-02-23

    Dziemianowicz, J. Romanski and W. Werber , Polym. Eng. Sci., 28(12), 785 (1988). 22. C. U. Ko and G. L. Wilkes, J. Appi. Polym. Sci., 37, 3063 (1989). 23. K...Virginia 22217-5000 NSTL, Mississippi 39529 Dr. Bernard Dauda 1 Naval Weapons Center Naval Weapons Support Center Attn: Dr. Ron Atkins Code UKC Chemistry

  16. Sacred Circles: 2000 Years of North American Indian Art

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Journal of American Indian Education, 1977

    1977-01-01

    "Sacred Circles" opened April 16, 1977 at the Nelson Gallery of Art-Atkins Museum of Fine Arts in Kansas City for its only showing in the Americas; the 850 objects on loan from 90 museums and private collectors included the "Adena Pipe" (considered the most important archaeological object found in the eastern US). (JC)

  17. Security Cooperation Organizations in the Country Team: Options for Success

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2010-01-01

    JUSTICE EDUCATION ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENT HEALTH AND HEALTH CARE INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS NATIONAL SECURITY POPULATION AND AGING PUBLIC SAFETY SCIENCE AND...Security Cooperation Organizations in the Country Team Options for Success Terrence K. Kelly, Jefferson P. Marquis, Cathryn Quantic Thurston...Tommie Sue Montgomery, “Fighting Guerrillas: The United States and Low-Intensity Conflict in El Salvador,” New Political Science , Vol. 9, No. 18–19

  18. U.S. Army Civil Affairs and Political Transformation in Occupation: Lustration and Recasting Society

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2017-06-09

    the nuances of program execution by the German people , and the society at large. 74 Dobbins et al...for the occupation for the German people in five concise paragraphs, the first directly addressed Nazism and its future in German society : The Allied...Freedom Message to the Iraqi People ,” quoted in Tommy Franks, American Soldier (New York: Harper Collins, 2004) 528. 93 Ambassador and American

  19. Preparation and Properties of the System Cr2-xRhxo3(2 or = x or =0).

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1988-01-26

    Bernard Ocuda INaval We.ioons Center , n~o or v.€,,*,Naval Weapons Support Center Attn: r. Pon Atkins , Nh.0. S * ovqb$ royl eo s rcft Lao rat’ oy Code...8217;ience Folidation. REFERENCES 1. D. D. Khanolkar, Current Science 30 (2), (1961), 52. 2. I. S. Shaplygin. 1. 1. Prosychev, V. B. Lazarev (Zh. Neora. Khim

  20. The Healthy K Club: Promoting a Healthy Start for Kindergartners

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Phillips, Chip; Kreiling, Rich

    2005-01-01

    It's no secret that America's youth are now more out of shape than ever before. Study after study documents the sad saga of childhood obesity. Quick-fix remedies such as "Atkins for Kids" and child-friendly aerobics classes are proliferating. There are fat camps for kids and low-fat "candy." Still, an inescapable fact remains: As a nation, and…

  1. GRACE-FO Prelaunch Briefing

    NASA Image and Video Library

    2018-05-21

    NASA Headquarters Public Affairs Officer Steve Cole, left, moderates the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment Follow-On (GRACE-FO) mission prelaunch media briefing with David Jarrett, GRACE-FO program executive in the Earth Science Division at NASA Headquarters; Frank Webb, GRACE-FO project scientist at JPL; Frank Flechtner, GRACE-FO project manager for the German Research Centre for Geosciences (GFZ) in Potsdam, Germany; Phil Morton, NASA GRACE-FO project manager at JPL; and Capt. Jennifer Haden, weather officer, 30th Space Wing, Vandenberg Air Force Base, right, Monday, May 21, 2018, at Vandenberg Air Force Base in California. The twin GRACE-FO spacecraft will measure changes in how mass is redistributed within and among Earth's atmosphere, oceans, land and ice sheets, as well as within Earth itself. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)

  2. Application of an Automated Fish Biomonitoring System at Old O-Field for Continuous Acute Toxicity Effluent Monitoring

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1996-05-01

    Tommy R. Shedd, Henry S. Gardner , Robert A. Finch, and Robert C. Bishoff U.S. Army Biomedical Research and Development Laboratory Fort Detrick...Zeigler Bros., Inc., Gardners , PA) plus frozen brine shrimp (Living World, Virginia Pet Supply, Fairfax VA). Fish were not fed during the 2-week...Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC. 3. Diamond , J.M. and T.R.Shedd. 1995. Standard Guide for Ventilatory Behavioral Toxicology Testing

  3. New Kind of War: Are We Prepared for Agroterrorism?

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2007-05-24

    Department of Health and Human Services, Tommy Thompson 7 December 2004 In recent years, the world has seen a surge in highly toxic, animal-borne zoonotic ...and non- zoonotic diseases. Zoonotic diseases are those that can be passed from animals to humans either through direct or indirect contact, such as...highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) and severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS); while non- zoonotic diseases are those diseases which will

  4. The Air Force’s Experience with Should-Cost Reviews and Options for Enhancing Its Capability to Conduct Them

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2012-01-01

    Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio: Air Force Institute of Technology, 1972. Williams , Robert Leon, A Review of the “Should Cost” Process and Management Issues...We thank William Bartlebaugh of the Air Force Cost Analysis Agency; David Dudley of the Air Force Electronics System Center; Tommy Gilbert of Warner...better performance. The program experienced large cost overruns. Air Force Deputy for Management Systems A. Ernest Fitzgerald, on the staff of the

  5. Thermal Decomposition of 1,5-Dinitrobiuret (DNB): Direct Dynamics Trajectory Simulations and Statistical Modeling

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2011-05-03

    18 . NUMBER OF PAGES 19a. NAME OF RESPONSIBLE PERSON Dr. Tommy W. Hawkins a. REPORT Unclassified b. ABSTRACT Unclassified c. THIS PAGE...branching using Rice-Ramsperger-Kassel-Marcus (RRKM) theory, 18 and finally to the analysis of inter-conversions of primary decomposition products...theory, 18 was employed to examine the properties of the reactant, intermediate complex and transition states as a function of the total internal energy

  6. EELV Secondary Payload Adapter (ESPA) Ring: Overcoming Challenges to Enable Responsive Space

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2011-09-01

    must also comply with the Air Force Space Command Manual ( AFSPCMAN ) 91 – 710 , Volumes 1, 3 , and 6 and will rely upon a sponsoring agency to...ONLY (Leave blank) 2. REPORT DATE September 2011 3 . REPORT TYPE AND DATES COVERED Master’s Thesis 4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE Robert M. Atkins 5...Strategy ...................................14 3 . EELV—Application and Intent ........................................................16 C. SPACE

  7. Condition Assessment of a 2,500-Year-Old Mummy Coffin

    Treesearch

    Robert J. Ross; Turker Dundar

    2012-01-01

    This work was conducted to assess the condition of a 2,500-year-old mummy coffin. The coffin, part of a collection of funerary objects at the Nelson–Atkins Museum of Art in St. Louis, Missouri, is made of wood obtained from a sycamore fig tree, Ficus sycomorus. Visual and acoustic-based nondestructive testing techniques were used to inspect the...

  8. The Arabidopsis KIN17 and its homolog KLP mediate different aspects of plant growth and development.

    PubMed

    Garcia-Molina, Antoni; Xing, Shuping; Huijser, Peter

    2014-01-01

    Proteins harboring the kin17 domain (KIN17) constitute a family of well-conserved eukaryotic nuclear proteins involved in nucleic acid metabolism. In mammals, KIN17 orthologs contribute to DNA replication, RNA splicing, and DNA integrity maintenance. Recently, we reported a functional characterization of an Arabidopsis thaliana KIN17 homolog (AtKIN17) that uncovered a role for this protein in tuning physiological responses during copper (Cu) deficiency and oxidative stress. However, functions similar to those described in mammals may also be expected in plants given the conservation of functional domains in KIN17 orthologs. Here, we provide additional data consistent with the participation of AtKIN17 in controlling general plant growth and development, as well as in response to UV radiation. Furthermore, the Arabidopsis genome codes for a second homolog to KIN17, we referred to as KIN17-like-protein (KLP). KLP loss-of-function lines exhibited a reduced inhibition of root growth in response to copper excess and relatively elongated hypocotyls in etiolated seedlings. Altogether, our experimental data point to a general function of the kin17 domain proteins in plant growth and development.

  9. The Arabidopsis KIN17 and its homolog KLP mediate different aspects of plant growth and development

    PubMed Central

    Garcia-Molina, Antoni; Xing, Shuping; Huijser, Peter

    2014-01-01

    Proteins harboring the kin17 domain (KIN17) constitute a family of well-conserved eukaryotic nuclear proteins involved in nucleic acid metabolism. In mammals, KIN17 orthologs contribute to DNA replication, RNA splicing, and DNA integrity maintenance. Recently, we reported a functional characterization of an Arabidopsis thaliana KIN17 homolog (AtKIN17) that uncovered a role for this protein in tuning physiological responses during copper (Cu) deficiency and oxidative stress. However, functions similar to those described in mammals may also be expected in plants given the conservation of functional domains in KIN17 orthologs. Here, we provide additional data consistent with the participation of AtKIN17 in controlling general plant growth and development, as well as in response to UV radiation. Furthermore, the Arabidopsis genome codes for a second homolog to KIN17, we referred to as KIN17-LIKE-PROTEIN (KLP). KLP loss-of-function lines exhibited a reduced inhibition of root growth in response to copper excess and relatively elongated hypocotyls in etiolated seedlings. Altogether, our experimental data point to a general function of the kin17 domain proteins in plant growth and development. PMID:24713636

  10. Temperature dependent mobility measurements of alkali earth ions in superfluid helium

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Putlitz, Gisbert Zu; Baumann, I.; Foerste, M.; Jungmann, K.; Riediger, O.; Tabbert, B.; Wiebe, J.; Zühlke, C.

    1998-05-01

    Mobility measurements of impurity ions in superfluid helium are reported. Alkali earth ions were produced with a laser sputtering technique and were drawn inside the liquid by an electric field. The experiments were carried out in the temperature region from 1.27 up to 1.66 K. The temperature dependence of the mobility of Be^+-ions (measured here for the first time) differs from that of the other alkali earth ions Mg^+, Ca^+, Sr^+ and Ba^+, but behaves similar to that of He^+ (M. Foerste, H. Günther, O. Riediger, J. Wiebe, G. zu Putlitz, Z. Phys. B) 104, 317 (1997). Theories of Atkins (A. Atkins, Phys. Rev.) 116, 1339 (1959) and Cole (M.W. Cole, R.A. Bachmann Phys. Rev. B) 15, 1388 (1977) predict a different defect structure for He^+ and the alkali earth ions: the helium ion is assumed to form a snowball like structure whereas for the alkali earth ions a bubble structure is assumed. If the temperature dependence is a characteristic feature for the different structures, then it seems likely that the Be^+ ion builds a snowball like structure.

  11. 2005 Tri-Service Infrastructure Systems Conference and Exhibition. Volume 6, Track 6

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2005-08-04

    Innovative Design Concepts Incorporated into a Landfill Closure and Reuse Design Portsmouth Naval Shipyard, Kittery, Maine, by Dave Ray and Kevin Pavlik... Kwan An Overview of An Overview of the Dam Safety ProgramManagement Tools (DSPMT), by Tommy Schmidt Track 12 Greenup L&D Miter Gate Repair and...Angela DeSoto Duncan Public Appeal of Major Civil Projects: The Good, the Bad and the Ugly, by Kevin Holden and Kirk Sunderman Chickamauga Lock and Dam

  12. 2005 Tri-Service Infrastructure Systems Conference and Exhibition. Volume 3, Track 3

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2005-08-04

    Innovative Design Concepts Incorporated into a Landfill Closure and Reuse Design Portsmouth Naval Shipyard, Kittery, Maine, by Dave Ray and Kevin Pavlik... Kwan An Overview of An Overview of the Dam Safety ProgramManagement Tools (DSPMT), by Tommy Schmidt Track 12 Greenup L&D Miter Gate Repair and...DeSoto Duncan Public Appeal of Major Civil Projects: The Good, the Bad and the Ugly, by Kevin Holden and Kirk Sunderman Chickamauga Lock and Dam Lock

  13. Saguaro: A Distributed Operating System Based on Pools of Servers.

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1988-03-25

    asynchronous message passing, multicast, and semaphores are supported. We have found this flexibility to be very useful for distributed programming. The...variety of communication primitives provided by SR has facilitated the research of Stella Atkins, who was a visiting professor at Arizona during Spring...data bits in a raw communication channel to help keep the source and destination synchronized , Psync explicitly embeds timing information drawn from the

  14. Current Scientific Approaches to Decision Making in Complex Systems. 3. Volume 2. Conference Position Papers

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1980-01-01

    Search: Traffic on a Multi- dimensional Structure R. i. Atkin, University of Essex, England b. Annex. Volume 3: Decision: Foundation and Practice Brian R...Gaines, University of Essex, England Volume 4: Competing Modes of Cognition and Communication in Simulated and Self-Reflective Systems Stein Braten... University of Oslo, Norway Volume 5: On the Spontaneous Emergence of Decision Making Constraints in Communicating Hierarchical Structure John S

  15. Improving the Quality of Patient Care Utilizing Tracer Methodology

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2011-01-25

    Sharing Knowledge: Achieving Breakthrough Performance 2011 Military Health System Conference Improving the Quality of Patient Care Utilizing Tracer...Methodology 25 Jan 2011 Leslie Atkins, RN 1 Military Health System Conference T e Quadruple Aim Working Together, Achieving Success USA MEDDAC...25 JAN 2011 2. REPORT TYPE 3. DATES COVERED 00-00-2011 to 00-00-2011 4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE Improving the Quality of Patient Care Utilizing

  16. Shake, Rattle and Roles: Lessons from Experimental Earthquake Engineering for Incorporating Remote Users in Large-Scale E-Science Experiments

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2007-01-01

    Mechanical Turk: Artificial Artificial Intelligence . Retrieved May 15, 2006 from http://www.mturk.com/ mturk/welcome Atkins, D. E., Droegemeier, K. K...Turk (Amazon, 2006) site goes beyond volunteers and pays people to do Human Intelligence Tasks, those that are difficult for computers but relatively...geographically distributed scientific collaboration, and the use of videogame technology for training. Address: U.S. Army Research Institute, 2511 Jefferson

  17. Fundamentals of Friction: Macroscopic and Microscopic Processes. Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Study Institute on Fundamentals of Friction Held In Germany on July 29 - August 9, 1991

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1991-08-09

    processes Prof T E Fischer, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, USA. Friction of granular materials Dr M J Adams, Unilever Research, Wirral, England...Army Research Office, ERO US National Science Foundation US Office of Naval Research, ERO Unilever Research and Engineering Division Mobil Research and...Development Corporation Exxon Research and Engineering Company . We are especially grateful to the ASI Administrator, Mr M G de St V Atkins, who was

  18. Spouse READI (Resilience Education and Deployment Information): Randomized Clinical Trial. Formerly Reintegration: The Role of Spouse Telephone BATTLEMIND Randomized Clinical Trial

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2014-04-01

    families. Mil Behav Health 2013; 1(1): 22-30. 4 Aday, Lu Ann ; Andersen R. A framework for the study of access to medical care. Health Serv Res 1974...identifying and re -shaping negative and destructive thoughts), and support (Belle et al., 2006; Gottman, Gottman, & Atkins, 2011, Schulz et al...Research, Translation and Practice. University of Michigan Geriatrics Retreat, Human Research across the Translational Spectrum: From the Lab to the

  19. Leaf respiration ( GlobResp) - global trait database supports Earth System Models

    DOE PAGES

    Wullschleger, Stan D.; Warren, Jeffrey; Thornton, Peter E.

    2015-03-20

    Here we detail how Atkin and his colleagues compiled a global database (GlobResp) that details rates of leaf dark respiration and associated traits from sites that span Arctic tundra to tropical forests. This compilation builds upon earlier research (Reich et al., 1998; Wright et al., 2006) and was supplemented by recent field campaigns and unpublished data.In keeping with other trait databases, GlobResp provides insights on how physiological traits, especially rates of dark respiration, vary as a function of environment and how that variation can be used to inform terrestrial biosphere models and land surface components of Earth System Models. Althoughmore » an important component of plant and ecosystem carbon (C) budgets (Wythers et al., 2013), respiration has only limited representation in models. Seen through the eyes of a plant scientist, Atkin et al. (2015) give readers a unique perspective on the climatic controls on respiration, thermal acclimation and evolutionary adaptation of dark respiration, and insights into the covariation of respiration with other leaf traits. We find there is ample evidence that once large databases are compiled, like GlobResp, they can reveal new knowledge of plant function and provide a valuable resource for hypothesis testing and model development.« less

  20. Weakening of Spring Wyrtki Jets in the Indian Ocean during 2006-2011

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2012-04-05

    Weakening of spring Wyrtki jets in the Indian Ocean during 2006–2011 Sudheer Joseph,1 Alan J. Wallcraft,2 Tommy G. Jensen,2 M. Ravichandran,1 S. S. C ...Ravichandran, S. S. C . Shenoi, and S. Nayak (2012), Weakening of spring Wyrtki jets in the Indian Ocean during 2006–2011, J. Geophys. Res., 117...unclassified c . THIS PAGE unclassified Standard Form 298 (Rev. 8-98) Prescribed by ANSI Std Z39-18 Indian Ocean by Jensen [1993] to explain why the

  1. Mission Specialist Pedro Duque undergoes equipment check prior to launch

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    1998-01-01

    In the Operations and Checkout Building, STS-95 Mission Specialist Pedro Duque of Spain, with the European Space Agency, gets help with his suit from suit technician Tommy McDonald. The STS-95 crew were conducting flight crew equipment fit checks prior to launch on Oct. 29. STS-95 is expected to launch at 2 p.m. EST on Oct. 29, last 8 days, 21 hours and 49 minutes, and land at 11:49 a.m. EST on Nov. 7.

  2. The Coast Artillery Journal. Volume 76, Number 3, May-June 1933

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1933-06-01

    playthings as " Tommy -Guns." We will now discuss the subject of the Machine Gun in riot service. Although this weapon, fortunately, has never been used...Benjamin Bowering, student, C. & G. S. School, Ft. Leavenworth, to 62d, Ft. Totten , June 30. Captain James D. Brown, student, C. A. School, Ft. Monroe...G. S. School, Ft. Leavenworth, to 62d, Ft. Totten , June 30. Captain Lloyd W. Goeppert, student, C. A. School, Ft. Monroe, to 63d, Ft. MacArthur

  3. Department of Defense 2016 Operational Energy Strategy

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2015-12-03

    forward arming refuel point to refuel a UH-60 Black Hawk, Dec. 21, 2014, Tappita, Liberia . Atkins and a team of crew chiefs set up a forward arming...refueling point from their CH-47 Chinook to ensure the commander of Joint Forces Command - United Assistance and crew made it to Ebola treatment unit...sites throughout Liberia . United Assistance is a Department of Defense operation in Liberia to provide logistics, training and engineering support to

  4. Study of the Performance of Aids to Navigation Systems - Phase 1, An Empirical Model Approach

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1978-07-19

    Pesch, .. L. /Masakasy, J. G. /Clark Di . A. /Atkins .-. S.... -------- 00o Document I available to the U. S. public through the National Technical...Document is available to the public through PILOTING, FIX, NAVIGATOR, PILOT, the National Technical Information Service, MONTE CARLO MODEL, SHIP SIMULATO...Validation of Entire Navigating and Steering 5-33 Model 5.5 Overview of Model Capabilities and Achieved Goals 5-33 vi SECTION TITLE PAGE 6 PLAN FOR

  5. Investigation of Drive-Reinforcement Learning and Application of Learning to Flight Control

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1993-08-01

    Attachment 1 138 Reprint of: Baird, L. (1991). Learning and Adaptive Hybrid Systems for Nonlinear Control, CSDL Report T-1099, M.S. Thesis , Department of...Aircraft, CSDL Report T-1127, S.M. Thesis , Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, M.I.T. Attachment 3 351 . iprint of: Atkins, S. (1993...Incremental Synthesis of Optimal Control Laws Using Learning Algorithms, CSDL Report T-1181, S.M. Thesis , Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, M.I.T

  6. An Analysis of Security Incidents on the Internet 1989-1995

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1997-04-07

    DeHart, Derek Simmel, and James Stevens. Thanks to the Engineering and Public Policy Department for their support, both intellectually and financially...stated in Chapter 4, the first of these categories, the judgment of CERT@/CC personnel, was given sa- ong weight in determining the scope of an...Coh95] [DSB96] [FIR961 [Fri78] References Derek Atkins, Paul Buis, Chris Hare, Robert Kelley, Carey Nachenberg Anthony B. Nelson, Paul Phillips, Tim

  7. A Service in Transition: Forging an Integrated Institutional Identity for the United States Air Force

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2010-06-01

    Jr (Bomber) o Seventh Air Force, LTG Jeffrey A. Remington (Fighter) o Eleventh Air Force, LTG Dana T. Atkins (Fighter) o Thirteenth Air Force, LTG...Acculturation.‖ In Handbook of Socialization: Theory and Research, edited by Joan E. Grusec, and Paul D. Hastings, 543-560. New York, NY: Guilford...Philip. ―Determinism and Indeterminacy in the History of Technology.‖ In Does Technology Drive History?, edited by Merritt Roe Smith, and Leo Marx

  8. Moral, Ethical, and Psychological Preparation of Soldiers and Units for Combat

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2011-01-01

    Stoic phi los o pher Marcus Aurelius ob served, “Re spect be comes con crete through em pa thy.” Cicero re - minds us that a sol dier’s re spect must...build ing trust with the pop u la tion ought to be M C M A S T E R 1 3 * Marcus Tullius Cicero, On Du ties, ed. and trans. M. T. Grif fin and E. M. Atkins

  9. STS-26 long duration simulation in JSC Mission Control Center (MCC) Bldg 30

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    1988-01-01

    STS-26 long duration simulation is conducted in JSC Mission Control Center (MCC) Bldg 30 Flight Control Room (FCR). Director of Mission Operations Directorate (MOD) Eugene F. Kranz (left) and Chief of the Flight Directors Office Tommy W. Holloway monitor activity during the simulation. The two are at their normal stations on the rear row of consoles. The integrated simulation involves MCC flight controllers communicating with crewmembers stationed in the fixed based (FB) shuttle mission simulator (SMS) located in JSC Mission Simulation and Training Facility Bldg 5.

  10. 1100361

    NASA Image and Video Library

    2011-03-24

    TODD MAY, SPECIAL TECHNICAL ASSISTANT TO THE MARSHALL CENTER DIRECTOR, AND NASA ADMINISTRATOR CHARLES BOLDEN TALK WITH HUNTSVILLE CITY MAYOR TOMMY BATTLE, CENTER, DURING THE MARSHALL SMALL BUSINESS ALLIANCE MEETING MARCH 24 AT THE DAVIDSON CENTER FOR SPACE EXPLORATION IN HUNTSVILLE. BATTLE PROVIDED OPENING REMARKS AT THE EVENT, AND BOLDEN WELCOMED GUESTS AND PRESENTED THE MARSHALL CENTER WITH THE NASA SMALL BUSINESS ADMINISTRATOR'S CUP AWARD FOR FISCAL YEAR 2010 -- THE SECOND TIME IN THREE YEARS MARSHALL HAS BROUGHT HOME THIS PARTICULAR AWARD FOR EXCELLENCE.

  11. Predicting Sets and Lists: Theory and Practice

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2015-01-01

    school. No work stands in isolation and this work would not have been possible without my co-authors: • “Contextual Optimization of Lists”: Tommy Liu... IMU Microstrain 3DM-GX3-25 PlayStation Eye camera (640x480 @ 30Hz) Onboard ARM-based Linux computer PlayStation Eye camera (640x480 @ 30Hz) Bumblebee...of the IMU integrated in the Ardupilot unit, we added a Microstrain 3DM-GX3-25 IMU which is used to aid real time pose estimation. There are two

  12. The Antiaircraft Journal. Volume 94, Number 6, November-December 1951

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1951-12-01

    authorized by the Visiting Forces Act. Getting their heads together, the Yanks and Tommies have discovered each other to be pretty regular fellows...Francis A., to 3Sth AAA Brig, Ft Meade, Md. McDaniel, Otto L., to Hq Fourth Army, Ft Sam Houston, Tex. Pape, Robin B., to SOth AAA Gp, Ft Totten , NY...to 71 Sth AAA Gun Bn, Ft Totten , NJ. Kee, Pat M., to 209th AAA Gp, Indiantown Gap, Pa. Kennaman, Jack R., to SOlst AAA Gun Bn, North Richland, Wash

  13. Crossed Signals on the Battlefield

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1992-04-13

    408th Signal Detachment (Repro) from Fort Totten , NY went to SWA, where it printed operations orders and the propaganda materials for the psychological...RC counterparts may also follow this pattern. Brigadier General(P) Joe Turner, the new commander of the 335th, and his deputy, Brigadier General Tommy ...404th Sig Waterloo, 11-417H 11-669L F, McCoy, New MTOE. Co IA (177) (240) WI 941010 (Area) 408th Sig FT Totten , 11-507L Det NY (9) (Repro) 410th Sig

  14. QoS Negotiation in Real-Time Systems and its Application to Automated Flight Control

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2000-11-01

    QoS Negotiation in Real - Time Systems and Its Application to Automated Flight Control Tarek F. Abdelzaher, Member, IEEE, Ella M. Atkins, Member, IEEE...been committed to those that arrived earlier. In hard- real - time systems , a static analysis may be performed to guarantee a priori that all requests be...DATE 2000 2. REPORT TYPE 3. DATES COVERED 00-00-2000 to 00-00-2000 4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE QoS Negotiation in Real - Time Systems and its

  15. DoD Space Radiation Concerns.

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1992-07-15

    cosmic - ray transport. NASA TM X-2440, 1972:117-122. DoD Space Radiation Concerns 8 2. Atkins SG, Small JT, McFarland TH. Military Man-in Space (MMIS...136. 29. Silberberg R, Tsao CH, Adams JH Jr., Letaw JR. Radiation doses and LET distributions of cosmic rays . Rad. Res., 1984, 98:209-226. 30. Stauber...levels on mission success and completion. Natural Radiation Trapped Radiation Belts Galactic Cosmic Rays (GCR) Solar Particle Events (SPEs) Man-Made

  16. Enriching Cross Cirriculum Projects with Astronomy for Gifted Students

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Burris, Debra L.

    2016-01-01

    The aim of many GT (Gifted and Talented) teachers is to provide comprehesive and long term projects to enrich cirriculum for their students rather than shorter "worksheet based" activities. Atkins Middle School has collaborated with faculty from the University of Central Arkansas over the past 9 years to create projects which span the academic year and enrich learning while emphasizing the goals of the science standards. An overview of those projects and Astronomy's role within them will be presented.

  17. Re: Coagulation and Fluid Resuscitation by HyperHES in Severe Hemorrhage

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2013-08-01

    aid kit, and we cannot envisage to load them with so much weight. In the context of trauma combat casualty care, fluid resuscitation byHyperHES...coagulation following femur injury and severe hemorrhage in pigs. J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2013; 74(3):732Y740. 2. Dubick MA, Atkins JL. Small-volume...fluid resuscitation for the far-forward combat envi- ronment: current concepts. J Trauma . 2003;54: S43YS45. 3. Sharma P, Benford B, Karaian JE

  18. Johanna and Tommy: Two Preschoolers in Sweden with Brittle Bones.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Millde, Kristina; Brodin, Jane

    Information is presented for caregivers of Swedish children with osteogenesis imperfecta (brittle bones) and their families. Approximately five children with brittle bones are born in Sweden annually. Two main types of brittle bone disease have been identified: congenita and tarda. Typical symptoms include numerous and unexpected fractures, bluish…

  19. Benchmark problems in computational aeroacoustics

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Porter-Locklear, Freda

    1994-01-01

    A recent directive at NASA Langley is aimed at numerically predicting principal noise sources. During my summer stay, I worked with high-order ENO code, developed by Dr. Harold Atkins, for solving the unsteady compressible Navier-Stokes equations, as it applies to computational aeroacoustics (CAA). A CAA workshop, composed of six categories of benchmark problems, has been organized to test various numerical properties of code. My task was to determine the robustness of Atkins' code for these test problems. In one category, we tested the nonlinear wave propagation of the code for the one-dimensional Euler equations, with initial pressure, density, and velocity conditions. Using freestream boundary conditions, our results were plausible. In another category, we solved the linearized two-dimensional Euler equations to test the effectiveness of radiation boundary conditions. Here we utilized MAPLE to compute eigenvalues and eigenvectors of the Jacobian given variable and flux vectors. We experienced a minor problem with inflow and outflow boundary conditions. Next, we solved the quasi one dimensional unsteady flow equations with an incoming acoustic wave of amplitude 10(exp -6). The small amplitude sound wave was incident on a convergent-divergent nozzle. After finding a steady-state solution and then marching forward, our solution indicated that after 30 periods the acoustic wave had dissipated (a period is time required for sound wave to traverse one end of nozzle to other end).

  20. NASA Day at the Capitol

    NASA Image and Video Library

    2009-02-19

    Stennis Space Center leaders and guests visit with Mississippi Senate members in chambers during NASA Day at the Capitol events in Jackson on Feb. 19. Standing at the Senate podium (rear) is Mississippi Lt. Gov. Phil Bryant. Standing at the lectern below are (l to r): Sen. David Baria, D-Bay St. Louis; Partners for Stennis Chair Clay Wagner; NASA Shared Services Center Director Rick Arbuthnot; astronaut Rex Walheim; Stennis Space Center Director Gene Goldman; President Pro Tempore Billy Hewes, R-Gulfport; Sen. Ezell Lee, D-Picayune; and Sen. Tommy Gollott, R-Biloxi.

  1. KSC-00padig105

    NASA Image and Video Library

    2000-11-28

    STS-97 Mission Specialist Marc Garneau gets help with his boots from suit technician Tommy McDonald during pre-pack and fit check. Garneau is with the Canadian Space Agency. Mission STS-97 is the sixth construction flight to the International Space Station. Its payload includes the P6 Integrated Truss Structure and a photovoltaic (PV) module, with giant solar arrays that will provide power to the Station. The mission includes two spacewalks to complete the solar array connections. STS-97 is scheduled to launch Nov. 30 at about 10:06 p.m. EST

  2. Microgravity

    NASA Image and Video Library

    2000-01-30

    Tim Broach (seen through window) of NASA/Marshall Spce Flight Center (MSFC), demonstrates the working volume inside the Microgravity Sciences Glovebox being developed by the European Space Agency (ESA) for use aboard the U.S. Destiny laboratory module on the International Space Station (ISS). This mockup is the same size as the flight hardware. Observing are Tommy Holloway and Brewster Shaw of The Boeing Co. (center) and John-David Bartoe, ISS research manager at NASA/John Space Center and a payload specialist on Spacelab-2 mission (1985). Photo crdit: NASA/Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC)

  3. STS-97 Mission Specialist Garneau during pre-pack and fit check

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    2000-01-01

    STS-97 Mission Specialist Marc Garneau gets help with his boots from suit technician Tommy McDonald during pre-pack and fit check. Garneau is with the Canadian Space Agency. Mission STS-97 is the sixth construction flight to the International Space Station. Its payload includes the P6 Integrated Truss Structure and a photovoltaic (PV) module, with giant solar arrays that will provide power to the Station. The mission includes two spacewalks to complete the solar array connections. STS-97 is scheduled to launch Nov. 30 at about 10:06 p.m. EST.

  4. Leadership Handbook for the Armor Officer. Volume 3. Company Command: Your Men, Your Mission, and You

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1986-01-01

    holding that position. Chapter 1 is just a little bit about the basics. Chapter 2 concentrates on taking care of your soldier - from the positive and...yourself all those little L questions that lead up to the big one; "Do I really give a about something more than myself?" If you can look yourself... little finger of PFC Atkins with note from battalion to complete line of duty investigation NLT 15 February. 38. 1st Platoon loading plans. 39. Letter

  5. Analysis of Disaster Planning in Business and Industry

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1993-04-01

    Alternatives, 13 May 1991, 1. 13. Deegan , Joseph, and Jack Jolley. "Selling Crisis Management." Security Management Jun 1985, 50. 14. Atkin, Leslie, ed. "PG... Deegan , Joseph, and Jack Jolley. "Selling Crisis Management." Security Management Jun 1985, 50. 16. Carey, John. "Getting Business to Think About the...1985, 5. 22. Aronoff, Craig E., and John L. Ward. "Why Owners Don’t Plan." Nation’s Business Jun 1990, 59. 23. Phelps, Norman L. "Setting Up a Crisis

  6. Papers presented to the International Colloquium on Venus

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    1992-01-01

    This volume contains short papers that have been accepted for the International Colloquium on Venus, August 10-12, Pasadena, California. The Program Committee consisted of Stephen Saunders (Jet Propulsion Laboratory) and Sean C. Solomon (Massachusetts Institute of Technology). Chairmen: Raymond Arvison (Washington University); Vassily Moroz (Institute for Space Research); Donald B. Campbell (Cornell University); Thomas Donahue (University of Michigan); James W. Head III (Brown University); Pamela Jones (Lunar and Planetary Institute); Mona Jasnow, Andrew Morrison, Timothy Pardker, Jeffrey Plaut, Ellen Stofan, Tommy Thompson, Cathy Weitz (Jet Propulsion Laboratory); Gordon Pettengil (Massachusetts Institute of Technology); and Janet Luhmann (University of California, Los Angeles).

  7. Implications of plant acclimation for future climate-carbon cycle feedbacks

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Mercado, Lina; Kattge, Jens; Cox, Peter; Sitch, Stephen; Knorr, Wolfgang; Lloyd, Jon; Huntingford, Chris

    2010-05-01

    The response of land ecosystems to climate change and associated feedbacks are a key uncertainty in future climate prediction (Friedlingstein et al. 2006). However global models generally do not account for the acclimation of plant physiological processes to increased temperatures. Here we conduct a first global sensitivity study whereby we modify the Joint UK land Environment Simulator (JULES) to account for temperature acclimation of two main photosynthetic parameters, Vcmax and Jmax (Kattge and Knorr 2007) and plant respiration (Atkin and Tjoelker 2003). The model is then applied over the 21st Century within the IMOGEN framework (Huntingford et al. 2004). Model simulations will provide new and improved projections of biogeochemical cycling, forest resilience, and thus more accurate projections of climate-carbon cycle feedbacks and the future evolution of the Earth System. Friedlingstein P, Cox PM, Betts R et al. (2006) Climate-carbon cycle feedback analysis, results from the C4MIP model intercomparison. Journal of Climate, 19, 3337-3353. Kattge J and Knorr W (2007): Temperature acclimation in a biochemical model of photosynthesis: a reanalysis of data from 36 species. Plant, Cell and Environment 30, 1176-1190 Atkin O.K and Tjoelker, M. G. (2003): Thermal acclimation and the dynamic response of plant respiration to temperature. Trends in Plant Science 8 (7), 343-351 Huntingford C, et al. (2004) Using a GCM analogue model to investigate the potential for Amazonian forest dieback. Theoretical and Applied Climatology, 78, 177-185.

  8. Effects of Popular Diets without Specific Calorie Targets on Weight Loss Outcomes: Systematic Review of Findings from Clinical Trials

    PubMed Central

    Anton, Stephen D.; Hida, Azumi; Heekin, Kacey; Sowalsky, Kristen; Karabetian, Christy; Mutchie, Heather; Leeuwenburgh, Christiaan; Manini, Todd M.; Barnett, Tracey E.

    2017-01-01

    The present review examined the evidence base for current popular diets, as listed in the 2016 U.S. News & World Report, on short-term (≤six months) and long-term (≥one year) weight loss outcomes in overweight and obese adults. For the present review, all diets in the 2016 U.S. News & World Report Rankings for “Best Weight-Loss Diets”, which did not involve specific calorie targets, meal replacements, supplementation with commercial products, and/or were not categorized as “low-calorie” diets were examined. Of the 38 popular diets listed in the U.S. News & World Report, 20 met our pre-defined criteria. Literature searches were conducted through PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science using preset key terms to identify all relevant clinical trials for these 20 diets. A total of 16 articles were identified which reported findings of clinical trials for seven of these 20 diets: (1) Atkins; (2) Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH); (3) Glycemic-Index; (4) Mediterranean; (5) Ornish; (6) Paleolithic; and (7) Zone. Of the diets evaluated, the Atkins Diet showed the most evidence in producing clinically meaningful short-term (≤six months) and long-term (≥one-year) weight loss. Other popular diets may be equally or even more effective at producing weight loss, but this is unknown at the present time since there is a paucity of studies on these diets. PMID:28758964

  9. UTM Technical Capabilities Level 2 (TLC2) Test at Reno-Stead Airport.

    NASA Image and Video Library

    2016-10-06

    Test of Unmanned Aircraft Systems Traffic Management (UTM) technical capability Level 2 (TCL2) at Reno-Stead Airport, Nevada. During the test, five drones simultaneously crossed paths, separated by altitude. Two drones flew beyond visual line-of-sight and three flew within line-of-sight of their operators. Karen Bollinger pilot and Nick Atkins of Alaska Center for Unmanned Aircraft Systems Integration program fly Ptarmigan quadcopter, one of 11 vehicles in the UTM TCL2 demonstration that will fly beyond line of sight of the pilot in command in Nevada test.

  10. New interpretations of the Fort Clark State Historic Site based on aerial color and thermal infrared imagery

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Heller, Andrew Roland

    The Fort Clark State Historic Site (32ME2) is a well known site on the upper Missouri River, North Dakota. The site was the location of two Euroamerican trading posts and a large Mandan-Arikara earthlodge village. In 2004, Dr. Kenneth L. Kvamme and Dr. Tommy Hailey surveyed the site using aerial color and thermal infrared imagery collected from a powered parachute. Individual images were stitched together into large image mosaics and registered to Wood's 1993 interpretive map of the site using Adobe Photoshop. The analysis of those image mosaics resulted in the identification of more than 1,500 archaeological features, including as many as 124 earthlodges.

  11. Ten-year single-center experience of the ketogenic diet: factors influencing efficacy, tolerability, and compliance.

    PubMed

    Wibisono, Cinthya; Rowe, Natalie; Beavis, Erin; Kepreotes, Helen; Mackie, Fiona E; Lawson, John A; Cardamone, Michael

    2015-04-01

    To evaluate the efficacy, tolerability, and compliance of 3 ketogenic diets, the classical ketogenic diet, medium-chain triglyceride (MCT), and modified Atkins diet. A single-center, retrospective study of 48 children with intractable epilepsy receiving ketogenic diets from 2003 to 2012. Patient demographics, epilepsy history, nutritional management, and side effects were collated. Compliance and tolerability were assessed by recording reasons for diet modification and cessation. The value of potassium citrate supplementation for preventing nephrolithiasis was reviewed. Median age at ketogenic diet initiation was 3.8 years (IQR: 2.3-7 years). The majority had intractable epilepsy, and 33 of the 48 children (69%) had epileptic encephalopathies. Three (6%) patients became seizure free, 35 (73%) reported <50%-90% reduction, and 10 (21%) had 0%-50% reduction during a 2-year period. Diet duration or ketogenic diet type did not predict reduction in seizures (P = .381; P = .272). Constipation (n = 31, 65%) was very common. Food refusal (n = 3, 6%) and poor parental compliance (n = 5, 10%) were common reasons cited for cessation. There were lower rates of side effects for modified Atkins diet. Diet cessation was greatest for MCT; however, 3 patients on MCT ceased therapy because adequate seizure control was achieved. Nephrolithiasis was reported in 1 patient before potassium citrate was used and 2 patients noncompliant with potassium citrate supplementation developed hypercalciuria. The 3 ketogenic diets were comparably effective in seizure control and generally well-tolerated. Potassium citrate supplementation is an effective prophylactic supplement for the prevention of nephrolithiasis. Crown Copyright © 2015. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  12. Benefits of commercial weight-loss programs on blood pressure and lipids: a systematic review.

    PubMed

    Mehta, Ambereen K; Doshi, Ruchi S; Chaudhry, Zoobia W; Jacobs, David K; Vakil, Rachit M; Lee, Clare J; Bleich, Sara N; Clark, Jeanne M; Gudzune, Kimberly A

    2016-09-01

    Our objective was to compare the effect of commercial weight-loss programs on blood pressure and lipids to control/education or counseling among individuals with overweight/obesity. We conducted a systematic review by searching MEDLINE and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews from inception to November 2014 and references identified by the programs. We included randomized, controlled trials ≥12weeks in duration. Two reviewers extracted information on study design, interventions, and mean change in systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c), triglycerides, and total cholesterol and assessed risk of bias. We included 27 trials. Participants' blood pressure and lipids were normal at baseline in most trials. At 12months, Weight Watchers showed little change in blood pressure or lipid outcomes as compared to control/education (2 trials). At 12months, Atkins' participants had higher HDL-c and lower triglycerides than counseling (4 trials). Other programs had inconsistent effects or lacked long-term studies. Risk of bias was high for most trials of all programs. In conclusion, limited data exist regarding most commercial weight-loss programs' long-term effects on blood pressure and lipids. Clinicians should be aware that Weight Watchers has limited data that demonstrate CVD risk factor benefits relative to control/education. Atkins may be a reasonable option for patients with dyslipidemia. Additional well-designed, long-term trials are needed to confirm these conclusions and evaluate other commercial programs. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  13. A bibliometric study of scientific literature on the dietary therapies for epilepsy in Scopus.

    PubMed

    Morandi, Gabriella; Guido, Davide; Tagliabue, Anna

    2015-07-01

    The aim of this study was to provide a descriptive overview of the impact and production of literature on dietary therapies for epilepsy and perform a citation analysis of the related research articles. We searched for 'ketogenic OR low-glycemic OR medium chain OR modified Atkins in TITLE AND epilep*' in Title/Abstract/Keyword in Scopus database. A total of 661 references were retrieved, 80% had been published after 2000s, 87% were published in English, and 39% of the publications were published in nine journals. The majority (76.3%) of research articles describe the clinical application of the dietary therapies regarding the classical ketogenic diet (80%), followed by the modified Atkins diet (11.5%), medium chain triglyceride diet (6.4%), and low glycemic index treatment (2.0%); the remaining are basic science studies on the mechanisms of action. The citation analysis revealed that the latter have the highest percentage variation in citation per publication across the years. Concerning the article cohorts, the greatest number of citations per publication was in 1998. The overview of the literature on the dietary therapy of epilepsy evidences a growing interest in the field with a striking prevalence of clinical over basic science studies. The most cited clinical studies have validated the efficacy of the dietary therapies; the few studies on the mechanisms of action received a great number of citations. Bibliometric analysis measuring the trends and the impact of the scientific literature would help researchers to a best knowledge of this specific topic.

  14. Bauxite Mine Rehabilitation Programs — A Progress Report Patrick Atkins, Alcoa Inc.

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Donaldson, Don; Raahauge, Benny E.

    Bauxite is the primary source of raw material for the production of aluminum oxide and aluminum metal. At the current primary aluminum production level, known bauxite reserves will last for hundreds of years. Two to three tonnes of bauxite are required to produce one tonne of alumina and two tonnes of alumina are required to produce one tonne of aluminum metal. Typical bauxites contain from 30%-60% aluminum hydroxides and various levels of iron, silica, and titanium impurities. Approximately 125 million tonnes of bauxite are mined each year from 45 mines located on every continent except Antarctica. The major mining areas are located in the tropics, above and below the equator, as well as in Western Australia, the Caribbean Region, and the Mediterranean. Most bauxite is surface mined, although a few small underground mines remain active. The overburden depth ranges from almost none to several 10s of meters, with the average near five meters. The total land disturbed by bauxite mining each year is estimated to be 2,000-2,500 hectares per year.

  15. MTBE, ethanol rules come under fire

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Begley, R.

    EPA is facing stiff challenges to the mandates for methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) and ethanol in its reformulated gasoline (RFG) program. Wisconsin officials are receiving hundreds of complaints about the alleged health effects and other problems with MTBE added to gasoline, and Gov. Tommy Thompson is demanding that EPA suspend the RFG program until April 1. Rep. James Sensenbrenner (R., WI) is threatening to introduce a bill to repeal the program in Wisconsin if EPA does not comply. However, EPA administrator Carol Browner says the agency will {open_quotes}defer any decision{close_quotes} on the request. EPA has sent technical experts to Milwaukeemore » to respond to and monitor citizens` complaints.« less

  16. Unity nameplate examined before being attached to module for ISS and Mission STS-88

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    1998-01-01

    Examining the nameplate for the Unity connecting module, in the Space Station Processing Facility, are (left to right) Joe Schweiger and Tommy Annis, of Boeing-KSC, and Nancy Tolliver, of Boeing-Huntsville. An unidentified worker behind them looks on. Part of the International Space Station, Unity was expected to be transported to Launch Pad 39A on Oct. 26 for launch aboard Space Shuttle Endeavour on Mission STS-88 in December. The Unity is a connecting passageway to the living and working areas of ISS. While on orbit, the flight crew will deploy Unity from the payload bay and attach Unity to the Russian-built Zarya control module which will be in orbit at that time.

  17. Papers presented to the International Colloquium on Venus

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Not Available

    1992-01-01

    This volume contains short papers that have been accepted for the International Colloquium on Venus, August 10-12, Pasadena, California. The Program Committee consisted of Stephen Saunders (Jet Propulsion Laboratory) and Sean C. Solomon (Massachusetts Institute of Technology). Chairmen: Raymond Arvison (Washington University); Vassily Moroz (Institute for Space Research); Donald B. Campbell (Cornell University); Thomas Donahue (University of Michigan); James W. Head III (Brown University); Pamela Jones (Lunar and Planetary Institute); Mona Jasnow, Andrew Morrison, Timothy Pardker, Jeffrey Plaut, Ellen Stofan, Tommy Thompson, Cathy Weitz (Jet Propulsion Laboratory); Gordon Pettengil (Massachusetts Institute of Technology); and Janet Luhmann (University of California, Losmore » Angeles). Separate abstracts have been prepared for papers in this report.« less

  18. Phytosterol-deficient and high-phytosterol diets developed for controlled feeding studies

    PubMed Central

    Racette, Susan B.; Spearie, Catherine Anderson; Phillips, Katherine M.; Lin, Xiaobo; Ma, Lina; Ostlund, Richard E.

    2010-01-01

    Phytosterols reduce cholesterol absorption and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol concentrations, but the quantity and physiological significance of phytosterols in common diets are generally unknown because nutrient databases do not contain comprehensive phytosterol data. The primary aim of this study was to design prototype phytosterol-deficient and high-phytosterol diets for use in controlled feeding studies of the influence of phytosterols on health. A second aim was to quantify the phytosterol content of these prototype diets and three other diets consumed in the United States. This study was conducted from June, 2001 to September, 2008 and involved designing, preparing, and then analyzing five different diets: an experimental phytosterol-deficient ‘control’ diet, a relatively high-phytosterol diet based on the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet, American Heart Association (AHA) diet, Atkins® lifetime maintenance plan, and a vegan diet. A single day of meals for each diet was homogenized and the resulting composites were analyzed for free, esterified, and glycosylated phytosterols by gas chromatography. Independent samples t tests were used to compare the diets’ total phytosterol content. The total phytosterol content of the experimental phytosterol-deficient diet was 64 mg/2000 kcal, with progressively larger quantities in Atkins®, AHA, vegan, and the high-phytosterol DASH diet (163, 340, 445 and 500 mg/2000 kcal, respectively). Glycosylated phytosterols, which are often excluded from phytosterol analyses, comprised 15.9 ± 5.9% (mean±SD) of total phytosterols. In summary, phytosterol-deficient and high-phytosterol diets that conform to recommended macronutrient guidelines and are palatable can now be used in controlled feeding studies. PMID:19942022

  19. Micronutrient quality of weight-loss diets that focus on macronutrients: results from the A TO Z study.

    PubMed

    Gardner, Christopher D; Kim, Soowon; Bersamin, Andrea; Dopler-Nelson, Mindy; Otten, Jennifer; Oelrich, Beibei; Cherin, Rise

    2010-08-01

    Information on the micronutrient quality of alternative weight-loss diets is limited, despite the significant public health relevance. Micronutrient intake was compared between overweight or obese women randomly assigned to 4 popular diets that varied primarily in macronutrient distribution. Dietary data were collected from women in the Atkins (n = 73), Zone (n = 73), LEARN (Lifestyle, Exercise, Attitudes, Relationships, Nutrition) (n = 73), and Ornish (n = 72) diet groups by using 3-d, unannounced 24-h recalls at baseline and after 8 wk of instruction. Nutrient intakes were compared between groups at 8 wk and within groups for 8-wk changes in risk of micronutrient inadequacy. At 8 wk, significant differences were observed between groups for all macronutrients and for many micronutrients (P < 0.0001). Energy intake decreased from baseline in all 4 groups but was similar between groups. At 8 wk, a significant proportion of individuals shifted to intakes associated with risk of inadequacy (P < 0.05) in the Atkins group for thiamine, folic acid, vitamin C, iron, and magnesium; in the LEARN group for vitamin E, thiamine, and magnesium; and in the Ornish group for vitamins E and B-12 and zinc. In contrast, for the Zone group, the risk of inadequacy significantly decreased for vitamins A, E, K, and C (P < 0.05), and no significant increases in risk of inadequacy were observed for other micronutrients. Weight-loss diets that focus on macronutrient composition should attend to the overall quality of the diet, including the adequacy of micronutrient intakes. Concerning calorie-restricted diets, there may be a micronutrient advantage to diets providing moderately low carbohydrate amounts and that contain nutrient-dense foods.

  20. Psychometric properties of the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale in patients with gambling disorders, hypersexuality, and methamphetamine dependence.

    PubMed

    Reid, Rory C; Cyders, Melissa A; Moghaddam, Jacquelene F; Fong, Timothy W

    2014-11-01

    Although the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS; Patton, Stanford, & Barratt, 1995) is a widely-used self-report measure of impulsivity, there have been numerous questions about the invariance of the factor structure across clinical populations (Haden & Shiva, 2008, 2009; Ireland & Archer, 2008). The goal of this article is to examine the factor structure of the BIS among a sample consisting of three populations exhibiting addictive behaviors and impulsivity: pathological gamblers, hypersexual patients, and individuals seeking treatment for methamphetamine dependence to determine if modification to the existing factors might improve the psychometric properties of the BIS. The current study found that the factor structure of the BIS does not replicate in this sample and instead produces a 12-item three-factor solution consisting of motor-impulsiveness (5 items), non-planning impulsiveness (3 items), and immediacy impulsiveness (4 items). The clinical utility of the BIS in this population is questionable. The authors suggest future studies to investigate comparisons with this modified version of the BIS and other impulsivity scales such as the UPPS-P Impulsive Behavior Scale in clinical populations when assessing disposition toward rash action. Copyright © 2013. Published by Elsevier Ltd.

  1. Lifestyle and diet.

    PubMed

    Opie, Lionel H

    2014-01-01

    Currently, there is widespread interest in many different diets. The best-known diets include the New Atkins diet in the USA, the Dukan diet in France, and in South Africa the Noakes diet. Two different approaches have emerged, one focusing on a life-long healthy lifestyle and the other emphasising weight loss. These are in fact complementary aims, as will be reviewed and reconciled. Furthermore, besides the dietary approach, there is a valid case for added drug therapy for selected lipid disorders with the use statins. In addition, new drugs are emerging that in the future might eventually considerably reduce the negative health impact of coronary artery disease.

  2. The ketogenic diet and other dietary treatments for refractory epilepsy in children

    PubMed Central

    Sharma, Suvasini; Jain, Puneet

    2014-01-01

    The ketogenic diet is a high-fat, low-carbohydrate, and restricted protein diet that is useful in patients with refractory epilepsy. The efficacy of the ketogenic diet is better than most of the new antiepileptic drugs. Other modifications of the diet are also beneficial, such as the modified Atkins diet and the low glycemic index treatment. There is a lack of awareness of the ketogenic diet as a treatment modality for epilepsy amongst pediatricians and neurologists. In this review, the use of the ketogenic diet and other dietary treatments in refractory epilepsy is discussed. The Indian experience with the use of these dietary treatments is also briefly reviewed. PMID:25221391

  3. Dr. Wernher Von Braun Memorial Dinner

    NASA Image and Video Library

    2017-10-26

    The annual Dr. Wernher Von Braun Memorial Dinner was held at the U.S. Space and Rocket Center's Davidson Center on October 26, 2017 with Keynote speaker General John Hyten, Commander of U.S. Strategic Command. Emcee was Mark Larson of Mark Larson Media Services, Inc. Dr. Wernher Von Braun Memorial Scholarships were presented to 8 college students by the National Space Club. Educator of the Year was awarded to Tammy Thorpe; Community Service award was presented to Huntsville, Al. Mayor Tommy Battle. The Communications Award was presented to retired astronaut Dr. Mike Massimino. The Distinguished Science Award was presented to Dr. Martin Weisskopf. The Astronautics Engineer Award was presented to Douglas R. Cooke. The Dr. Wernher Von Braun Space Flight Trophy was presented to Robert Lightfoot.

  4. Operative versus non-operative treatment for closed, displaced, intra-articular fractures of the calcaneus: randomised controlled trial.

    PubMed

    Griffin, Damian; Parsons, Nick; Shaw, Ewart; Kulikov, Yuri; Hutchinson, Charles; Thorogood, Margaret; Lamb, Sarah E

    2014-07-24

    To investigate whether surgery by open reduction and internal fixation provides benefit compared with non-operative treatment for displaced, intra-articular calcaneal fractures. Pragmatic, multicentre, two arm, parallel group, assessor blinded randomised controlled trial (UK Heel Fracture Trial). 22 tertiary referral hospitals, United Kingdom. 151 patients with acute displaced intra-articular calcaneal fractures randomly allocated to operative (n=73) or non-operative (n=78) treatment. The primary outcome measure was patient reported Kerr-Atkins score for pain and function (scale 0-100, 100 being the best possible score) at two years after injury. Secondary outcomes were complications; hindfoot pain and function (American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society score); general health (SF-36); quality of life (EQ-5D); clinical examination; walking speed; and gait symmetry. Analysis was by intention to treat. 95% follow-up was achieved for the primary outcome (69 in operative group and 74 in non-operative group), and a complete set of secondary outcomes were available for 75% of participants. There was no significant difference in the primary outcome (mean Kerr-Atkins score 69.8 in operative group v 65.7 in non-operative group; adjusted 95% confidence interval of difference -7.1 to 7.0) or in any of the secondary outcomes between treatment groups. Complications and reoperations were more common in those who received operative care (estimated odds ratio 7.5, 95% confidence interval 2.0 to 41.8). Operative treatment compared with non-operative care showed no symptomatic or functional advantage after two years in patients with typical displaced intra-articular fractures of the calcaneus, and the risk of complications was higher after surgery. Based on these findings, operative treatment by open reduction and internal fixation is not recommended for these fractures.Trial registration Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN37188541. © Griffin et al 2014.

  5. Micronutrient quality of weight-loss diets that focus on macronutrients: results from the A TO Z study123

    PubMed Central

    Gardner, Christopher D; Kim, Soowon; Bersamin, Andrea; Dopler-Nelson, Mindy; Otten, Jennifer; Oelrich, Beibei; Cherin, Rise

    2010-01-01

    Background: Information on the micronutrient quality of alternative weight-loss diets is limited, despite the significant public health relevance. Objective: Micronutrient intake was compared between overweight or obese women randomly assigned to 4 popular diets that varied primarily in macronutrient distribution. Design: Dietary data were collected from women in the Atkins (n = 73), Zone (n = 73), LEARN (Lifestyle, Exercise, Attitudes, Relationships, Nutrition) (n = 73), and Ornish (n = 72) diet groups by using 3-d, unannounced 24-h recalls at baseline and after 8 wk of instruction. Nutrient intakes were compared between groups at 8 wk and within groups for 8-wk changes in risk of micronutrient inadequacy. Results: At 8 wk, significant differences were observed between groups for all macronutrients and for many micronutrients (P < 0.0001). Energy intake decreased from baseline in all 4 groups but was similar between groups. At 8 wk, a significant proportion of individuals shifted to intakes associated with risk of inadequacy (P < 0.05) in the Atkins group for thiamine, folic acid, vitamin C, iron, and magnesium; in the LEARN group for vitamin E, thiamine, and magnesium; and in the Ornish group for vitamins E and B-12 and zinc. In contrast, for the Zone group, the risk of inadequacy significantly decreased for vitamins A, E, K, and C (P < 0.05), and no significant increases in risk of inadequacy were observed for other micronutrients. Conclusions: Weight-loss diets that focus on macronutrient composition should attend to the overall quality of the diet, including the adequacy of micronutrient intakes. Concerning calorie-restricted diets, there may be a micronutrient advantage to diets providing moderately low carbohydrate amounts and that contain nutrient-dense foods. PMID:20573800

  6. Fructose: It’s “Alcohol Without the Buzz”123

    PubMed Central

    Lustig, Robert H.

    2013-01-01

    What do the Atkins Diet and the traditional Japanese diet have in common? The Atkins Diet is low in carbohydrate and usually high in fat; the Japanese diet is high in carbohydrate and usually low in fat. Yet both work to promote weight loss. One commonality of both diets is that they both eliminate the monosaccharide fructose. Sucrose (table sugar) and its synthetic sister high fructose corn syrup consist of 2 molecules, glucose and fructose. Glucose is the molecule that when polymerized forms starch, which has a high glycemic index, generates an insulin response, and is not particularly sweet. Fructose is found in fruit, does not generate an insulin response, and is very sweet. Fructose consumption has increased worldwide, paralleling the obesity and chronic metabolic disease pandemic. Sugar (i.e., fructose-containing mixtures) has been vilified by nutritionists for ages as a source of “empty calories,” no different from any other empty calorie. However, fructose is unlike glucose. In the hypercaloric glycogen-replete state, intermediary metabolites from fructose metabolism overwhelm hepatic mitochondrial capacity, which promotes de novo lipogenesis and leads to hepatic insulin resistance, which drives chronic metabolic disease. Fructose also promotes reactive oxygen species formation, which leads to cellular dysfunction and aging, and promotes changes in the brain’s reward system, which drives excessive consumption. Thus, fructose can exert detrimental health effects beyond its calories and in ways that mimic those of ethanol, its metabolic cousin. Indeed, the only distinction is that because fructose is not metabolized in the central nervous system, it does not exert the acute neuronal depression experienced by those imbibing ethanol. These metabolic and hedonic analogies argue that fructose should be thought of as “alcohol without the buzz.” PMID:23493539

  7. Fructose: it's "alcohol without the buzz".

    PubMed

    Lustig, Robert H

    2013-03-01

    What do the Atkins Diet and the traditional Japanese diet have in common? The Atkins Diet is low in carbohydrate and usually high in fat; the Japanese diet is high in carbohydrate and usually low in fat. Yet both work to promote weight loss. One commonality of both diets is that they both eliminate the monosaccharide fructose. Sucrose (table sugar) and its synthetic sister high fructose corn syrup consist of 2 molecules, glucose and fructose. Glucose is the molecule that when polymerized forms starch, which has a high glycemic index, generates an insulin response, and is not particularly sweet. Fructose is found in fruit, does not generate an insulin response, and is very sweet. Fructose consumption has increased worldwide, paralleling the obesity and chronic metabolic disease pandemic. Sugar (i.e., fructose-containing mixtures) has been vilified by nutritionists for ages as a source of "empty calories," no different from any other empty calorie. However, fructose is unlike glucose. In the hypercaloric glycogen-replete state, intermediary metabolites from fructose metabolism overwhelm hepatic mitochondrial capacity, which promotes de novo lipogenesis and leads to hepatic insulin resistance, which drives chronic metabolic disease. Fructose also promotes reactive oxygen species formation, which leads to cellular dysfunction and aging, and promotes changes in the brain's reward system, which drives excessive consumption. Thus, fructose can exert detrimental health effects beyond its calories and in ways that mimic those of ethanol, its metabolic cousin. Indeed, the only distinction is that because fructose is not metabolized in the central nervous system, it does not exert the acute neuronal depression experienced by those imbibing ethanol. These metabolic and hedonic analogies argue that fructose should be thought of as "alcohol without the buzz."

  8. The British Armed Forces Covenant - Protection for Tommy or a Civil Military Battleground

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2012-04-01

    he would have been happy to hasten a General Election, which, in his mind, would have been for the good of both the country and the British Army...ire of the Labour government and probably expected to be fired for his actions. Matthew Paris of the [London] Times newspaper noted, “General Dannatt...winnable, as the historian Max Hasting stated in the Times “the British [ Labour ] Government has become increasingly cynical about its own war and

  9. Tammy and Tommy Toy: Toy Safety Capsule. Parents' Capsule [and] Kindergarten Student Capsule.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    McMillin, Sarah M.

    This unit instructs kindergarten students and their parents to recognize safe and unsafe toys and games. Objectives for parents are to identify sources of information which help consumers make wise decisions regarding toys and games and analyze factors that make a toy safe or unsafe. Objectives for students include choosing a safe toy/game from a…

  10. A dented LH2 recirculation line is removed from Discovery

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    1999-01-01

    Workers with United Space Alliance remove Shuttle Discovery's dented main propulsion system liquid hydrogen recirculation line. From left are James Stickley, George Atkins, and Todd Biddle. The 12-inch-long dent was discovered during routine aft compartment inspections Tuesday, Dec. 7. The line recirculates hydrogen from the Shuttle main engines back to the external tank during prelaunch engine conditioning. The line is being replaced and managers expect the replacement work to take about 3 days, followed by system retests and final aft compartment close-outs. Preliminary assessments reflect a launch date of Space Shuttle Discovery on mission STS-103 no earlier than Dec. 16. STS-103 is the third servicing mission for the Hubble Space Telescope.

  11. Innovations and Challenges in Renal Cancer: Summary Statement From the Third Cambridge Conference

    PubMed Central

    Atkins, Michael B.; Bukowski, Ronald M.; Escudier, Bernard J.; Figlin, Robert A.; Hudes, Gary H.; Kaelin, William G.; Linehan, W. Marston; McDermott, David F.; Mier, James W.; Pedrosa, Ivan; Rini, Brian I.; Signoretti, Sabina; Sosman, Jeffrey A.; Teh, Bin Tean; Wood, Christopher G.; Zurita, Amado J.; King, Laura

    2009-01-01

    The Third Cambridge Conference on Innovations and Challenges in Renal Cancer, a symposium held in Cambridge, Massachusetts, June 27–28, 2008, and chaired by Michael B. Atkins, was convened to discuss the current state of knowledge in the field, critique new data, stimulate communication among those involved in basic and clinical research, and offer recommendations for further study. Four main topics were discussed: genetics and molecular biology of renal cell cancer, staging and prognosis, systemic therapy, and correlative science and biomarkers in stage IV disease. The conference format combined brief presentations with extended periods of discussion. The conclusions and recommendations are summarized in this paper and presented in more detail in the individual papers that follow. PMID:19402064

  12. Bone wax in Neurosurgery: A Review.

    PubMed

    Das, Joe M

    2018-05-09

    In this occasion of 125 years after the so-called "initial" use of bone wax (BW) by Sir Victor Horsley, a review of this age-old hemostatic agent deemed appropriate. The first use of BW for hemostasis is dated back to the 18 th century when modeling or candle wax was used for hemostasis. Though the pioneers in the usage of BW in craniofacial surgeries were Belloq, Professor Khristian Khristianovich Salomon and François Magendie, its first successful use in neurosurgery was demonstrated by Henri Ferdinand Dolbeau in 1864, following the extirpation of a frontal osteoma. This was further popularized by Sir Victor Alexander Haden Horsley, the father of British neurosurgery, who is often incorrectly mentioned as the inventor of BW. Originally derived from bees' wax, the currently available commercial preparation contains paraffin wax and Isopropyl palmitate in addition. The main action being mechanical tamponade, BW has found several other uses in neurosurgery, other than being a hemostatic agent. Though it is cost-effective, the use of BW is associated with several complications also, including ineffective bone healing and infection. So several other alternatives are coming up, but none has yet been able to fully replace "Horsley's wax" till date. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  13. A Conversation with Robert F. Christy Part II

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Lippincott, Sara

    2006-12-01

    Robert F. Christy, Institute Professor of Theoretical Physics Emeritus at Caltech, recalls his wartime work at Los Alamos on the critical assembly for the plutonium bomb (“the Christy bomb”); the Alamogordo test, July 16, 1945; the postwar concerns of ALAS (Association of Los Alamos Scientists); his brief return to the University of Chicago and move to Caltech; friendship with and later alienation from Edward Teller; work with Charles and Tommy Lauritsen and William A. Fowler in Caltech’s Kellogg Radiation Laboratory; Freeman Dyson’s Orion Project; work on the meson and RR Lyrae stars; fellowship at Cambridge University; 1950s Vista Project at Caltech; his opposition to the Strategic Defense Initiative; and his post-retirement work for the National Research Council’s Committee on Dosimetry and on inertial-confinement fusion.

  14. STS-95 Mission Specialist Pedro Duque suits up for launch

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    1998-01-01

    STS-95 Mission Specialist Pedro Duque of Spain, with the European Space Agency, is helped with his flight suit by suit tech Tommy McDonald in the Operations and Checkout Building. The final fitting takes place prior to the crew walkout and transport to Launch Pad 39B. Targeted for launch at 2 p.m. EST on Oct. 29, the mission is expected to last 8 days, 21 hours and 49 minutes, and return to KSC at 11:49 a.m. EST on Nov. 7. The STS-95 mission includes research payloads such as the Spartan solar-observing deployable spacecraft, the Hubble Space Telescope Orbital Systems Test Platform, the International Extreme Ultraviolet Hitchhiker, as well as the SPACEHAB single module with experiments on space flight and the aging process.

  15. Innovations and challenges in renal cancer: summary statement from the Third Cambridge Conference.

    PubMed

    Atkins, Michael B; Bukowski, Ronald M; Escudier, Bernard J; Figlin, Robert A; Hudes, Gary H; Kaelin, William G; Linehan, W Marston; McDermott, David F; Mier, James W; Pedrosa, Ivan; Rini, Brian I; Signoretti, Sabina; Sosman, Jeffrey A; Teh, Bin Tean; Wood, Christopher G; Zurita, Amado J; King, Laura

    2009-05-15

    The Third Cambridge Conference on Innovations and Challenges in Renal Cancer, a symposium held in Cambridge, Massachusetts, June 27-28, 2008, and chaired by Michael B. Atkins, was convened to discuss the current state of knowledge in the field, critique new data, stimulate communication among those involved in basic and clinical research, and offer recommendations for further study. Four main topics were discussed: genetics and molecular biology of renal cell cancer, staging and prognosis, systemic therapy, and correlative science and biomarkers in stage IV disease. The conference format combined brief presentations with extended periods of discussion. The conclusions and recommendations are summarized in this paper and presented in more detail in the individual papers that follow. (c) 2009 American Cancer Society.

  16. A reciprocal theorem for a mixture theory. [development of linearized theory of interacting media

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Martin, C. J.; Lee, Y. M.

    1972-01-01

    A dynamic reciprocal theorem for a linearized theory of interacting media is developed. The constituents of the mixture are a linear elastic solid and a linearly viscous fluid. In addition to Steel's field equations, boundary conditions and inequalities on the material constants that have been shown by Atkin, Chadwick and Steel to be sufficient to guarantee uniqueness of solution to initial-boundary value problems are used. The elements of the theory are given and two different boundary value problems are considered. The reciprocal theorem is derived with the aid of the Laplace transform and the divergence theorem and this section is concluded with a discussion of the special cases which arise when one of the constituents of the mixture is absent.

  17. Technology Solutions Case Study: Duct in Conditioned Space in a Dropped Ceiling or Fur-down, Gainesville, Florida

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    None

    2014-09-01

    Forced-air distribution systems (duct systems) typically are installed out of sight for aesthetic reasons, most often in unconditioned areas such as attics or crawlspaces. Any leakage of air to or from the duct system in unconditioned space not only loses energy, but impacts home and equipment durability and indoor air quality. An obvious solution is to bring the duct system into the interior of the house, either by sealing the area where the ducts are installed (attic or crawlspace) or by building an interior cavity or chase above the ceiling plane (raised ceiling or fur-up chase) or below the ceilingmore » plane (dropped ceiling or fur-down) for the duct system. In this project, Building America Partnership for Improved Residential Construction team partnered with Tommy Williams Homes to implement an inexpensive, quick, and effective method of building a fur-down chase.« less

  18. Object links in the repository

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Beck, Jon; Eichmann, David

    1991-01-01

    Some of the architectural ramifications of extending the Eichmann/Atkins lattice-based classification scheme to encompass the assets of the full life-cycle of software development are explored. In particular, we wish to consider a model which provides explicit links between objects in addition to the edges connecting classification vertices in the standard lattice. The model we consider uses object-oriented terminology. Thus, the lattice is viewed as a data structure which contains class objects which exhibit inheritance. A description of the types of objects in the repository is presented, followed by a discussion of how they interrelate. We discuss features of the object-oriented model which support these objects and their links, and consider behavior which an implementation of the model should exhibit. Finally, we indicate some thoughts on implementing a prototype of this repository architecture.

  19. Consensus and Confrontation

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    McKelvey, V. E.

    On January 9, 1984, 28 experts on the Law of the Sea met at the East-West Center at the University of Hawaii for a week of intense discussions of the consequences of the refusal of the United States to sign the 1982 Law of the Sea Convention. The participants were from 12 Asian, Pacific, and North American countries. Proponents of the convention were led by Ambassador Tommy Koh of Singapore (last president of the Law of the Sea Conference), Ambassador Hasjim Djalal of Indonesia, and Satya Nandan, former Ambassador of Fiji and now the special representative of the United Nations Secretary General for the Law of the Sea. Proponents of the U.S. position were Brian Hoyle, director of the Office of Ocean Law of the Department of State and David Colson of the Office of Legal Advisor of the Department of State. Many of the other participants presented papers, and all participated in the discussions, which are fully recorded in these proceedings of the workshop.

  20. Approaches to 30 Percent Energy Savings at the Community Scale in the Hot-Humid Climate

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Thomas-Rees, S.; Beal, D.; Martin, E.

    2013-03-01

    BA-PIRC has worked with several community-scale builders within the hot humid climate zone to improve performance of production, or community scale, housing. Tommy Williams Homes (Gainesville, FL), Lifestyle Homes (Melbourne, FL), and Habitat for Humanity (various locations, FL) have all been continuous partners of the Building America program and are the subjects of this report to document achievement of the Building America goal of 30% whole house energy savings packages adopted at the community scale. Key aspects of this research include determining how to evolve existing energy efficiency packages to produce replicable target savings, identifying what builders' technical assistance needsmore » are for implementation and working with them to create sustainable quality assurance mechanisms, and documenting the commercial viability through neutral cost analysis and market acceptance. This report documents certain barriers builders overcame and the approaches they implemented in order to accomplish Building America (BA) Program goals that have not already been documented in previous reports.« less

  1. Source apportionment of formaldehyde during TexAQS 2006 using a source-oriented chemical transport model

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Zhang, Hongliang; Li, Jingyi; Ying, Qi; Guven, Birnur Buzcu; Olaguer, Eduardo P.

    2013-02-01

    In this study, a source-oriented version of the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model was developed and used to quantify the contributions of five major local emission source types in Southeast Texas (vehicles, industry, natural gas combustion, wildfires, biogenic sources), as well as upwind sources, to regional primary and secondary formaldehyde (HCHO) concentrations. Predicted HCHO concentrations agree well with observations at two urban sites (the Moody Tower [MT] site at the University of Houston and the Haden Road #3 [HRM-3] site operated by Texas Commission on Environmental Quality). However, the model underestimates concentrations at an industrial site (Lynchburg Ferry). Throughout most of Southeast Texas, primary HCHO accounts for approximately 20-30% of total HCHO, while the remaining portion is due to secondary HCHO (30-50%) and upwind sources (20-50%). Biogenic sources, natural gas combustion, and vehicles are important sources of primary HCHO in the urban Houston area, respectively, accounting for 10-20%, 10-30%, and 20-60% of total primary HCHO. Biogenic sources, industry, and vehicles are the top three sources of secondary HCHO, respectively, accounting for 30-50%, 10-30%, and 5-15% of overall secondary HCHO. It was also found that over 70% of PAN in the Houston area is due to upwind sources, and only 30% is formed locally. The model-predicted source contributions to HCHO at the MT generally agree with source apportionment results obtained from the Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) technique.

  2. Tough Tommy’s Space Force: General Thomas S. Power and the Air Force Space Program

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2016-06-01

    public release by AU Security and Policy Review Office. TOUGH TOMMY’S SPACE FORCE GENERAL THOMAS S . POWER AND THE AIR FORCE SPACE PROGRAM BY...in 2007, a Master of Operational Art and Science from the Air Command and Staff College in 2015, and a Doctorate in Economic Development from New...without a college diploma, and a relic of a bygone era of barnstormers perhaps high on courage but low on intelligence.8 In history, Power was a “sadist

  3. Rate of return to pitching and performance after Tommy John surgery in Major League Baseball pitchers.

    PubMed

    Erickson, Brandon J; Gupta, Anil K; Harris, Joshua D; Bush-Joseph, Charles; Bach, Bernard R; Abrams, Geoffrey D; San Juan, Angielyn M; Cole, Brian J; Romeo, Anthony A

    2014-03-01

    Medial ulnar collateral ligament (UCL) reconstruction is a common procedure performed on Major League Baseball (MLB) pitchers in the United States. To determine (1) the rate of return to pitching (RTP) in the MLB after UCL reconstruction, (2) the RTP rate in either the MLB and minor league combined, (3) performance after RTP, and (4) the difference in the RTP rate and performance between pitchers who underwent UCL reconstruction and matched controls without UCL injuries. Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Major League Baseball pitchers with symptomatic medial UCL deficiency who underwent UCL reconstruction were evaluated. All player, elbow, and surgical demographic data were analyzed. Controls matched by age, body mass index, position, handedness, and MLB experience and performance were selected from the MLB during the same years as those undergoing UCL reconstruction. An "index year" was designated for controls, analogous to the UCL reconstruction year in cases. Return to pitching and performance measures in the MLB were compared between cases and controls. Student t tests were performed for analysis of within-group and between-group variables, respectively. A total of 179 pitchers with UCL tears who underwent reconstruction met the inclusion criteria and were analyzed. Of these, 148 pitchers (83%) were able to RTP in the MLB, and 174 pitchers were able to RTP in the MLB and minor league combined (97.2%), while only 5 pitchers (2.8%) were never able to RTP in either the MLB or minor league. Pitchers returned to the MLB at a mean 20.5 ± 9.72 months after UCL reconstruction. The length of career in the MLB after UCL reconstruction was 3.9 ± 2.84 years, although 56 of these patients were still currently actively pitching in the MLB at the start of the 2013 season. The revision rate was 3.9%. In the year before UCL reconstruction, pitching performance declined significantly in the cases versus controls in the number of innings pitched, games played, and wins and the winning percentage (P < .05). After surgery, pitchers showed significantly improved performance versus before surgery (fewer losses, a lower losing percentage, lower earned run average [ERA], threw fewer walks, and allowed fewer hits, runs, and home runs) (P < .05). Comparisons between cases and controls for the time frame after UCL reconstruction (cases) or the index year (controls) demonstrated that cases had significantly (P < .05) fewer losses per season and a lower losing percentage. In addition, cases had a significantly lower ERA and allowed fewer walks and hits per inning pitched. There is a high rate of RTP in professional baseball after UCL reconstruction. Performance declined before surgery and improved after surgery. When compared with demographic-matched controls, patients who underwent UCL reconstruction had better results in multiple performance measures. Reconstruction of the UCL allows for a predictable and successful return to the MLB.

  4. Handling of ‘Tommy Atkins’ mango (Mangifera indica L.) for ripe and ready to eat markets

    USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

    Recently, demand for ripe and ready to eat mango (RRTEM) has increased, offering an interesting possibility for Mexican producers because of geographic closeness from the production sites to the USA markets. The objectives were to determine the optimum fruit ripening stage at harvest and to delimit ...

  5. Reviews Book: The Age of Wonder Equipment: Portoscope DVD: Around the World in 80 Images Book: Four Laws that Drive the Universe Book: Antimatter Equipment: Coffee Saver Starter Set Equipment: Graphite Levitation Kit Book: Critical Reading Video: Science Fiction-Science Fact Web Watch

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    2009-03-01

    WE RECOMMEND The Age of Wonder This book tells the stories of inspiring 19th-century scientists Antimatter A fast read that gives an intriguing tour of the antimatter world Science Fiction-Science Fact A video from a set of resources about the facts in science fiction WORTH A LOOK Portoscope Lightweight ×30 microscope that is easy on the purse Four Laws that Drive the Universe In just 124 pages Peter Atkins explains thermodynamics Coffee Saver Starter Kit A tool that can demonstrate the effect of reduced air pressure Graphite Levitation Kit Compact set that demonstrates diamagnetic behaviour Critical Reading A study guide on how to read scientific papers HANDLE WITH CARE Around the World in 80 Images Navigate through images from Envistat, country by country WEB WATCH This month's issue features real-time simulation program Krucible 2.0, which enables learners to run virtual experiments

  6. Effect of weight loss plans on body composition and diet duration.

    PubMed

    Landers, Patti; Wolfe, Megan M; Glore, Stephen; Guild, Ralph; Phillips, Lindsay

    2002-05-01

    Are low carbohydrate high protein (LCHP) diets more effective in promoting loss of weight and body fat and can individuals stay on an Atkins-like diet more easily than on a conventional weight loss diet? A pre-test/post-test randomized group design composed of three cohorts was utilized to test 1) a LCHP ketogenic diet; 2) the Zone diet; and 3) a conventional hypocaloric diabetic exchange diet that supplied < 10%, 40%, and 50% of calories from carbohydrate, respectively. Body composition was measured before and after the intervention treatment period with dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. Mean weight loss was 5.1 kg for those who completed the 12-week program. There were no significant differences in total weight, fat, or lean body mass loss when compared by diet group. Attrition was substantial for all plans at 43%, 60%, and 36% for LCHP, Zone and conventional diets, respectively.

  7. Assessing Adaptive Functioning in Death Penalty Cases after Hall and DSM-5.

    PubMed

    Hagan, Leigh D; Drogin, Eric Y; Guilmette, Thomas J

    2016-03-01

    DSM-5 and Hall v. Florida (2014) have dramatically refocused attention on the assessment of adaptive functioning in death penalty cases. In this article, we address strategies for assessing the adaptive functioning of defendants who seek exemption from capital punishment pursuant to Atkins v. Virginia (2002). In particular, we assert that evaluations of adaptive functioning should address assets as well as deficits; seek to identify credible and reliable evidence concerning the developmental period and across the lifespan; distinguish incapacity from the mere absence of adaptive behavior; adhere faithfully to test manual instructions for using standardized measures of adaptive functioning; and account for potential bias on the part of informants. We conclude with brief caveats regarding the standard error of measurement (SEM) in light of Hall, with reference to examples of ordinary life activities that directly illuminate adaptive functioning relevant to capital cases. © 2016 American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law.

  8. Standard of practice and Flynn Effect testimony in death penalty cases.

    PubMed

    Gresham, Frank M; Reschly, Daniel J

    2011-06-01

    The Flynn Effect is a well-established psychometric fact documenting substantial increases in measured intelligence test performance over time. Flynn's (1984) review of the literature established that Americans gain approximately 0.3 points per year or 3 points per decade in measured intelligence. The accurate assessment and interpretation of intellectual functioning becomes critical in death penalty cases that seek to determine whether an individual meets the criteria for intellectual disability and thereby is ineligible for execution under Atkins v. Virginia (2002) . We reviewed the literature on the Flynn Effect and demonstrated how failure to adjust intelligence test scores based on this phenomenon invalidates test scores and may be in violation of the Standards for Educational and Psychological Testing as well as the "Ethical Principles for Psychologists and Code of Conduct." Application of the Flynn Effect and score adjustments for obsolete norms clearly is supported by science and should be implemented by practicing psychologists.

  9. KSC-99pp0237

    NASA Image and Video Library

    1999-02-25

    KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- Cutting a red ribbon for the unveiling of a newly renovated altitude chamber are (left to right) Tommy Mack, project manager, NASA; Steve Francois, director, Space Station and Shuttle Payloads; Sterling Walker, director, Engineering Development; Roy Bridges, director, Kennedy Space Center; Jay Greene, International Space Station manager for Technical; Michael Terry, project manager, Boeing; and Terry Smith, director of Engineering, Boeing Space Coast Operations. The chamber was reactivated, after a 24-year hiatus, to perform leak tests on International Space Station pressurized modules at the launch site. Originally, two chambers were built to test the Apollo command and lunar service modules. They were last used in 1975 during the Apollo-Soyuz Test Project. After installation of new vacuum pumping equipment and controls, a new control room, and a new rotation handling fixture, the chamber again became operational in February 1999. The chamber, which is 33 feet in diameter and 50 feet tall, is constructed of stainless steel. The first module that will be tested for leaks is the U.S. Laboratory. No date has been determined for the test

  10. Sir Hermann Bondi KCB

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Roxburgh, Ian W.

    2007-12-01

    Hermann Bondi was an Applied Mathematician of distinction who will be remembered by fellow scientists for his outstanding contributions to astronomy, cosmology and General Relativity, and particularly for his pioneering contributions to our understanding of gravitational waves, his foundational work on accretion, and as co-creator with Tommy Gold and Fred Hoyle of the steady state theory of cosmology. But Hermann had an equally important second career in scientific administration: advising the UK Government on the Thames Barrier, as Director General of the European Space Research Organisation (ESRO; now the European Space Agency (ESA)), as Chief Scientific Advisor to the UK Government on Defence and then on Energy, as Chairman of the Natural Environmental Research Council (NERC), and finally as Master of Churchill College, Cambridge. He was knighted in 1973. He continued his research on gravitational radiation throughout his administrative career and published his 16th paper in the series on gravitational waves in 2004. Hermann will be remembered not only for his contributions to science and administration, but for his outstanding communication skills and as a charismatic, warm, and stimulating person.

  11. Geophysical data from offshore of the Gulf Islands National Seashore, Cat Island to Western Horn Island, Mississippi

    USGS Publications Warehouse

    Pendleton, E.A.; Baldwin, W.E.; Danforth, W.W.; DeWitt, N.T.; Forde, A.S.; Foster, D.S.; Kelso, K.W.; Pfeiffer, W.R.; Turecek, A.M.; Flocks, J.G.; Twichell, D.C.

    2011-01-01

    This report contains the geophysical and geospatial data that were collected along the western offshore side of the Gulf Islands of Mississippi on the research vessel Tommy Munro during two cruises in 2010. Geophysical data were collected by the U.S. Geological Survey in Woods Hole, Massachusetts, and St. Petersburg, Forida, in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Mobile District. Bathymetric-sonar, sidescan-sonar, and Chirp seismic-reflection data were acquired with the following equipment, respectively: Systems Engineering and Assessment, Ltd., SwathPlus interferometric sonars; Klein 3000 and 3900 dual-frequency sidescan sonars; and an EdgeTech 512i Chirp sub-bottom profiling system. The long-term goals of this mapping effort are to produce high-quality, high-resolution geologic maps and interpretations that can be utilized to identify sand resources within the region, to better understand the Holocene evolution, and to anticipate future changes in this coastal system. Processed geospatial data files and the geophysical data provided in this report help attain these goals.

  12. The ribbon-cutting ceremony unveils the reactivated altitude chamber inside the O&C high bay

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    1999-01-01

    Cutting a red ribbon for the unveiling of a newly renovated altitude chamber are (left to right) Tommy Mack, project manager, NASA; Steve Francois, director, Space Station and Shuttle Payloads; Sterling Walker, director, Engineering Development; Roy Bridges, director, Kennedy Space Center; Jay Greene, International Space Station manager for Technical; Michael Terry, project manager, Boeing; and Terry Smith, director of Engineering, Boeing Space Coast Operations. The chamber was reactivated, after a 24-year hiatus, to perform leak tests on International Space Station pressurized modules at the launch site. Originally, two chambers were built to test the Apollo command and lunar service modules. They were last used in 1975 during the Apollo-Soyuz Test Project. After installation of new vacuum pumping equipment and controls, a new control room, and a new rotation handling fixture, the chamber again became operational in February 1999. The chamber, which is 33 feet in diameter and 50 feet tall, is constructed of stainless steel. The first module that will be tested for leaks is the U.S. Laboratory. No date has been determined for the test.

  13. Object linking in repositories

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Eichmann, David (Editor); Beck, Jon; Atkins, John; Bailey, Bill

    1992-01-01

    This topic is covered in three sections. The first section explores some of the architectural ramifications of extending the Eichmann/Atkins lattice-based classification scheme to encompass the assets of the full life cycle of software development. A model is considered that provides explicit links between objects in addition to the edges connecting classification vertices in the standard lattice. The second section gives a description of the efforts to implement the repository architecture using a commercially available object-oriented database management system. Some of the features of this implementation are described, and some of the next steps to be taken to produce a working prototype of the repository are pointed out. In the final section, it is argued that design and instantiation of reusable components have competing criteria (design-for-reuse strives for generality, design-with-reuse strives for specificity) and that providing mechanisms for each can be complementary rather than antagonistic. In particular, it is demonstrated how program slicing techniques can be applied to customization of reusable components.

  14. "Most people are simply not designed to eat pasta": evolutionary explanations for obesity in the low-carbohydrate diet movement.

    PubMed

    Knight, Christine

    2011-09-01

    Low-carbohydrate diets, notably the Atkins Diet, were particularly popular in Britain and North America in the late 1990s and early 2000s. On the basis of a discourse analysis of bestselling low-carbohydrate diet books, I examine and critique genetic and evolutionary explanations for obesity and diabetes as they feature in the low-carbohydrate literature. Low-carbohydrate diet books present two distinct neo-Darwinian explanations of health and body-weight. First, evolutionary nutrition is based on the premise that the human body has adapted to function best on the diet eaten in the Paleolithic era. Second, the thrifty gene theory suggests that feast-or-famine conditions during human evolutionary development naturally selected for people who could store excess energy as body fat for later use. However, the historical narratives and scientific arguments presented in the low-carbohydrate literature are beset with generalisations, inconsistencies and errors. These result, I argue, from the use of the primitive as a discursive "blank slate" onto which to project ideals perceived to be lacking in contemporary industrialised life.

  15. Dietary therapy is the best option for refractory nonsurgical epilepsy.

    PubMed

    Felton, Elizabeth A; Cervenka, Mackenzie C

    2015-09-01

    Ketogenic diet therapies for epilepsy have been described since the fifth century and published in scientific literature since the early 1900s. Since that time, the diet's popularity has waxed and waned as newer drugs and other treatments have been introduced. However, in recent years, dietary therapy for epilepsy has been increasingly accepted by physicians and desired by patients as an alternative to new drugs and neurostimulation. The introduction of less restrictive versions of the classic ketogenic diet, such as the modified Atkins diet (MAD), have led to increased numbers of adult patients with refractory epilepsy who are initiating dietary treatment. Approximately half of adults and children who start a ketogenic diet have a >50% seizure reduction, which is impressive given that these patients typically have medically refractory epilepsy. We believe that ketogenic dietary treatment is the best option for children and adults with refractory nonsurgical epilepsy due to its efficacy, rapid seizure reduction, synergistic effects with other antiseizure treatments, known and treatable side effects, potential to treat comorbid medical conditions, and worldwide availability. Wiley Periodicals, Inc. © 2015 International League Against Epilepsy.

  16. Combat veterans, mental health issues, and the death penalty: addressing the impact of post-traumatic stress disorder and traumatic brain injury.

    PubMed

    Giardino, Anthony E

    2009-05-01

    More than 1.5 million Americans have participated in combat operations in Iraq and Afghanistan over the past seven years. Some of these veterans have subsequently committed capital crimes and found themselves in our nation's criminal justice system. This Essay argues that combat veterans suffering from post-traumatic stress disorder or traumatic brain injury at the time of their offenses should not be subject to the death penalty.Offering mitigating evidence regarding military training, post-traumatic stress disorder, and traumatic brain injury presents one means that combat veterans may use to argue for their lives during the sentencing phase of their trials. Alternatively, Atkins v. Virginia and Roper v. Simmons offer a framework for establishing a legislatively or judicially created categorical exclusion for these offenders, exempting them from the death penalty as a matter of law. By understanding how combat service and service-related injuries affect the personal culpability of these offenders, the legal system can avoid the consequences of sentencing to death America's mentally wounded warriors, ensuring that only the worst offenders are subject to the ultimate punishment.

  17. Water-quality, water-level, and discharge data associated with the Mississippi embayment agricultural chemical-transport study, 2006-2008

    USGS Publications Warehouse

    Dalton, Melinda S.; Rose, Claire E.; Coupe, Richard H.

    2010-01-01

    In 2006, the Agricultural Chemicals: Sources, Transport and Fate study team (Agricultural Chemicals Team, ACT) of the U.S. Geological Survey National Water-Quality Assessment Program began a study in northwestern Mississippi to evaluate the influence of surface-water recharge on the occurrence of agriculturally related nutrients and pesticides in the Mississippi River Valley alluvial aquifer. The ACT study was composed in the Bogue Phalia Basin, an indicator watershed within the National Water-Quality Assessment Program Mississippi Embayment Study Unit and utilized several small, subbasins within the Bogue Phalia to evaluate surface and groundwater interaction and chemical transport in the Basin. Data collected as part of this ACT study include water-quality data from routine and incident-driven water samples evaluated for major ions, nutrients, organic carbon, physical properties, and commonly used pesticides in the area; discharge, gage height and water-level data for surface-water sites, the shallow alluvial aquifer, and hyporheic zone; additionally, agricultural data and detailed management activities were reported by land managers for farms within two subbasins of the Bogue Phalia Basin—Tommie Bayou at Pace, MS, and an unnamed tributary to Clear Creek near Napanee, MS.

  18. Structural evolution of nanoporous ultra-low k dielectrics under voltage stress

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Raja, Archana; Shaw, Thomas; Grill, Alfred; Laibowitz, Robert; Heinz, Tony

    2013-03-01

    High speed interconnects in advanced integrated circuits require ultra-low-k dielectrics. Reduction of the dielectric constant is achieved via incorporation of nanopores in structures containing silicon, carbon, oxygen and hydrogen (SiCOH). We study nanoporous SiCOH films of k=2.5 and thicknesses of 40 - 400 nm. Leakage currents develop in the films under long-term voltage stress, eventually leading to breakdown and chip failure. Previous work* has shown the build-up of trap states as dielectric breakdown progresses. Using FTIR spectroscopy we have tracked the reorganization of the bonds in the SiCOH networks induced by voltage stress. Our results indicate that the cleavage of the Si-C and SiC-O bonds contribute toward increase in the density of bulk trapping states as breakdown is approached. AC conductance and capacitance measurements have also been carried out to describe interfacial and bulk traps and mechanisms. Comparison of breakdown properties of films with differing carbon content will also be presented to further delineate the role of carbon. *Atkin, J.M.; Shaw, T.M.; Liniger, E.; Laibowitz, R.B.; Heinz, T.F. Reliability Physics Symposium (IRPS), 2012 IEEE International Supported by the Semiconductor Research Corporation

  19. Detection of nanoscale embedded layers using laboratory specular X-ray diffraction

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Beekman, Matt, E-mail: matt.beekman@oit.edu; Rodriguez, Gabriel; Atkins, Ryan

    Unusual specular X-ray diffraction patterns have been observed from certain thin film intergrowths of metal monochalcogenide (MX) and transition metal dichalcogenide (TX{sub 2}) structures. These patterns exhibit selective “splitting” or broadening of selected (00l) diffraction peaks, while other (00l) reflections remain relatively unaffected [Atkins et al., Chem. Mater. 24, 4594 (2012)]. Using a simplified optical model in the kinematic approximation, we illustrate that these peculiar and somewhat counterintuitive diffraction features can be understood in terms of additional layers of one of the intergrowth components, MX or TX{sub 2}, interleaved between otherwise “ideal” regions of MX-TX{sub 2} intergrowth. The interpretation ismore » in agreement with scanning transmission electron microscope imaging, which reveals the presence of such stacking “defects” in films prepared from non-ideal precursors. In principle, the effect can be employed as a simple, non-destructive laboratory probe to detect and characterize ultrathin layers of one material, e.g., 2-dimensional crystals, embedded between two slabs of a second material, effectively using the two slabs as a highly sensitive interferometer of their separation distance.« less

  20. In Silico Evidence for Gluconeogenesis from Fatty Acids in Humans

    PubMed Central

    Kaleta, Christoph; de Figueiredo, Luís F.; Werner, Sarah; Guthke, Reinhard; Ristow, Michael; Schuster, Stefan

    2011-01-01

    The question whether fatty acids can be converted into glucose in humans has a long standing tradition in biochemistry, and the expected answer is “No”. Using recent advances in Systems Biology in the form of large-scale metabolic reconstructions, we reassessed this question by performing a global investigation of a genome-scale human metabolic network, which had been reconstructed on the basis of experimental results. By elementary flux pattern analysis, we found numerous pathways on which gluconeogenesis from fatty acids is feasible in humans. On these pathways, four moles of acetyl-CoA are converted into one mole of glucose and two moles of CO2. Analyzing the detected pathways in detail we found that their energetic requirements potentially limit their capacity. This study has many other biochemical implications: effect of starvation, sports physiology, practically carbohydrate-free diets of inuit, as well as survival of hibernating animals and embryos of egg-laying animals. Moreover, the energetic loss associated to the usage of gluconeogenesis from fatty acids can help explain the efficiency of carbohydrate reduced and ketogenic diets such as the Atkins diet. PMID:21814506

  1. Initial experience with computer aided detection for microcalcification in digital breast tomosynthesis

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Harkness, E. F.; Lim, Y. Y.; Wilson, M. W.; Haq, R.; Zhou, J.; Tate, C.; Maxwell, A. J.; Astley, S. M.; Gilbert, F. J.

    2015-03-01

    Digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) addresses limitations of 2-D projection imaging for detection of masses. Microcalcification clusters may be more difficult to appreciate in DBT as individual calcifications within clusters may appear on different slices. This research aims to evaluate the performance of ImageChecker 3D Calc CAD v1.0. Women were recruited as part of the TOMMY trial. From the trial, 169 were included in this study. The DBT images were processed with the computer aided detection (CAD) algorithm. Three consultant radiologists reviewed the images and recorded whether CAD prompts were on or off target. 79/80 (98.8%) malignant cases had a prompt on the area of microcalcification. In these cases, there were 1-15 marks (median 5) with the majority of false prompts (n=326/431) due to benign (68%) and vascular (24%) calcifications. Of 89 normal/benign cases, there were 1-13 prompts (median 3), 27 (30%) had no prompts and the majority of false prompts (n=238) were benign (77%) calcifications. CAD is effective in prompting malignant microcalcification clusters and may overcome the difficulty of detecting clusters in slice images. Although there was a high rate of false prompts, further advances in the software may improve specificity.

  2. Approaches to 30% Energy Savings at the Community Scale in the Hot-Humid Climate

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Thomas-Rees, S.; Beal, D.; Martin, E.

    2013-03-01

    BA-PIRC has worked with several community-scale builders within the hot humid climate zone to improve performance of production, or community scale, housing. Tommy Williams Homes (Gainesville, FL), Lifestyle Homes (Melbourne, FL), and Habitat for Humanity (various locations, FL) have all been continuous partners of the BA Program and are the subjects of this report to document achievement of the Building America goal of 30% whole house energy savings packages adopted at the community scale. The scope of this report is to demonstrate achievement of these goals though the documentation of production-scale homes built cost-effectively at the community scale, and modeledmore » to reduce whole-house energy use by 30% in the Hot Humid climate region. Key aspects of this research include determining how to evolve existing energy efficiency packages to produce replicable target savings, identifying what builders' technical assistance needs are for implementation and working with them to create sustainable quality assurance mechanisms, and documenting the commercial viability through neutral cost analysis and market acceptance. This report documents certain barriers builders overcame and the approaches they implemented in order to accomplish Building America (BA) Program goals that have not already been documented in previous reports.« less

  3. Low carbohydrate diets in family practice: what can we learn from an internet-based support group

    PubMed Central

    Feinman, Richard D; Vernon, Mary C; Westman, Eric C

    2006-01-01

    The Active Low-Carber Forums (ALCF) is an on-line support group started in 2000 which currently has more than 86,000 members. Data collected from posts to the forum and from an on-line survey were used to determine the behavior and attitudes of people on low carbohydrate diets. Members were asked to complete a voluntary 27-item questionnaire over the internet. Our major findings are as follows: survey respondents, like the membership at large, were mostly women and mostly significantly overweight, a significant number intending to and, in many cases, succeeding at losing more than 100 lbs. The great majority of members of ALCF identify themselves as following the Atkins diet or some variation of it. Although individual posts on the forum and in the narrative part of our survey are critical of professional help, we found that more than half of respondents saw a physician before or during dieting and, of those who did, about half received support from the physician. Another 28 % found the physician initially neutral but supportive after positive results were produced. Using the same criteria as the National Weight Registry (without follow-up) – 30 lbs or more lost and maintained for more than one year – it was found that more than 1400 people had successfully used low carb methods. In terms of food consumed, the perception of more than half of respondents were that they ate less than before the diet and whereas high protein, high fat sources replaced carbohydrate to some extent, the major change indicated by survey-takers is a large increase in green vegetables and a large decrease in fruit intake. Government or health agencies were not sources of information for dieters in this group and a collection of narrative comments indicates a high level of satisfaction, indeed enthusiasm for low carbohydrate dieting. The results provide both a tabulation of the perceived behavior of a significant number of dieters using low carbohydrate strategies as well as a collection

  4. Low carbohydrate diets in family practice: what can we learn from an internet-based support group.

    PubMed

    Feinman, Richard D; Vernon, Mary C; Westman, Eric C

    2006-10-02

    The Active Low-Carber Forums (ALCF) is an on-line support group started in 2000 which currently has more than 86,000 members. Data collected from posts to the forum and from an on-line survey were used to determine the behavior and attitudes of people on low carbohydrate diets. Members were asked to complete a voluntary 27-item questionnaire over the internet. Our major findings are as follows: survey respondents, like the membership at large, were mostly women and mostly significantly overweight, a significant number intending to and, in many cases, succeeding at losing more than 100 lbs. The great majority of members of ALCF identify themselves as following the Atkins diet or some variation of it. Although individual posts on the forum and in the narrative part of our survey are critical of professional help, we found that more than half of respondents saw a physician before or during dieting and, of those who did, about half received support from the physician. Another 28 % found the physician initially neutral but supportive after positive results were produced. Using the same criteria as the National Weight Registry (without follow-up)--30 lbs or more lost and maintained for more than one year--it was found that more than 1400 people had successfully used low carb methods. In terms of food consumed, the perception of more than half of respondents were that they ate less than before the diet and whereas high protein, high fat sources replaced carbohydrate to some extent, the major change indicated by survey-takers is a large increase in green vegetables and a large decrease in fruit intake. Government or health agencies were not sources of information for dieters in this group and a collection of narrative comments indicates a high level of satisfaction, indeed enthusiasm for low carbohydrate dieting. The results provide both a tabulation of the perceived behavior of a significant number of dieters using low carbohydrate strategies as well as a collection of

  5. Exceeding Pitch Count Recommendations in Little League Baseball Increases the Chance of Requiring Tommy John Surgery as a Professional Baseball Pitcher

    PubMed Central

    Erickson, Brandon J.; Chalmers, Peter N.; Axe, Michael J.; Romeo, Anthony A.

    2017-01-01

    Background: Empirical evidence has suggested a connection between youth pitch counts and subsequent elbow injury. For players within the Little League World Series (LLWS), detailed historical player data are available. Some of these players progress to both professional play and require an ulnar collateral ligament reconstruction (UCLR). Purpose: To determine the percentage of LLWS pitchers who proceed to play professional (major or minor league) baseball, the rate of UCLR in former LLWS pitchers who played professional baseball, and the risk to those who exceeded current pitch count recommendations while playing in the LLWS. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: All LLWS pitchers from 2001 through 2009 from all teams and countries were identified, and all performance data were extracted. A professional (major and minor league) baseball database was then searched to determine whether each former LLWS pitcher played professional baseball. These professional players were then searched for using publicly available databases to determine whether they underwent UCLR. Results: Overall, 638 adolescents pitched in the LLWS between 2001 and 2009; 62 (10%) progressed to professional play. Of the 56 minor league players, 25 (45%) pitched. Of the 6 Major League Baseball players, 3 (50%) pitched. Three former LLWS pitchers (5%) who played professionally underwent UCLR. In former LLWS pitchers who exceeded pitch counts and played professionally, 50% (2/4) required UCLR, while only 1.7% (1/58) of those who did not exceed pitch count recommendations required UCLR (P = .009). Similarly, among former LLWS pitchers who subsequently played professionally, 23.1% of those who played as a pitcher required UCLR while 0% of those who also played other positions required UCLR (P = .008). Conclusion: Progression from LLWS pitching to professional baseball is uncommon. Among youth players, both diversification (playing other positions besides pitcher) as well as following current pitch limit regulations may protect against UCLR. PMID:28451602

  6. The effect of a plant-based low-carbohydrate ("Eco-Atkins") diet on body weight and blood lipid concentrations in hyperlipidemic subjects.

    PubMed

    Jenkins, David J A; Wong, Julia M W; Kendall, Cyril W C; Esfahani, Amin; Ng, Vivian W Y; Leong, Tracy C K; Faulkner, Dorothea A; Vidgen, Ed; Greaves, Kathryn A; Paul, Gregory; Singer, William

    2009-06-08

    Low-carbohydrate, high-animal protein diets, which are advocated for weight loss, may not promote the desired reduction in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) concentration. The effect of exchanging the animal proteins and fats for those of vegetable origin has not been tested. Our objective was to determine the effect on weight loss and LDL-C concentration of a low-carbohydrate diet high in vegetable proteins from gluten, soy, nuts, fruits, vegetables, cereals, and vegetable oils compared with a high-carbohydrate diet based on low-fat dairy and whole grain products. A total of 47 overweight hyperlipidemic men and women consumed either (1) a low-carbohydrate (26% of total calories), high-vegetable protein (31% from gluten, soy, nuts, fruit, vegetables, and cereals), and vegetable oil (43%) plant-based diet or (2) a high-carbohydrate lacto-ovo vegetarian diet (58% carbohydrate, 16% protein, and 25% fat) for 4 weeks each in a parallel study design. The study food was provided at 60% of calorie requirements. Of the 47 subjects, 44 (94%) (test, n = 22 [92%]; control, n = 22 [96%]) completed the study. Weight loss was similar for both diets (approximately 4.0 kg). However, reductions in LDL-C concentration and total cholesterol-HDL-C and apolipoprotein B-apolipoprotein AI ratios were greater for the low-carbohydrate compared with the high-carbohydrate diet (-8.1% [P = .002], -8.7% [P = .004], and -9.6% [P = .001], respectively). Reductions in systolic and diastolic blood pressure were also seen (-1.9% [P = .052] and -2.4% [P = .02], respectively). A low-carbohydrate plant-based diet has lipid-lowering advantages over a high-carbohydrate, low-fat weight-loss diet in improving heart disease risk factors not seen with conventional low-fat diets with animal products.

  7. Corrigendum to "Measurement and computations for temperature dependences of self-broadened carbon dioxide transitions in the 30012←00001 and 30013←00001 bands" [J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf., 111 (9) (2010) 1065-1079

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Predoi-Cross, Adriana; Liu, W.; Murphy, Reba; Povey, Chad; Gamache, R.; Laraia, A.; McKellar, A. R. W.; Hurtmans, Daniel; Devi, V. M.

    2015-10-01

    The group of authors would like to make the following clarification: the retrievals of self-broadened temperature dependence coefficients were performed by the authors both using the multispectrum fit program from Ref. [14] and using the multispectrum fit program of D. Chris Benner [Benner DC, Rinsland CP, Devi VM, Smith MAH, Atkins D. A multispectrum nonlinear least-squares fitting technique. J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf. 1995;53:705-21.). To retrieve the room temperature self-broadening parameters, the authors have used the values in Ref. [4]. For reasons of consistency with the results published for air-broadening and air-shift temperature dependence coefficients in A. Predoi-Cross, A.R.W. McKellar, D. Chris Benner, V. Malathy Devi, R.R. Gamache, C.E. Miller, R.A. Toth, L.R. Brown, Temperature dependences for air-broadened Lorentz half width and pressure-shift coefficients in the 30013←00001 and 30012←00001 bands of CO2near 1600 μm, Canadian Journal of Physics, 87 (5) (2009) 517-535, Tables 2 and 3, and Figures 2 and 4 contain only the values retrieved using the multispectrum fit program of D. Chris Benner. We would like to thank D. Chris Benner for allowing us to use his fitting software.

  8. Ketogenic diets, mitochondria, and neurological diseases

    PubMed Central

    Gano, Lindsey B.; Patel, Manisha; Rho, Jong M.

    2014-01-01

    The ketogenic diet (KD) is a broad-spectrum therapy for medically intractable epilepsy and is receiving growing attention as a potential treatment for neurological disorders arising in part from bioenergetic dysregulation. The high-fat/low-carbohydrate “classic KD”, as well as dietary variations such as the medium-chain triglyceride diet, the modified Atkins diet, the low-glycemic index treatment, and caloric restriction, enhance cellular metabolic and mitochondrial function. Hence, the broad neuroprotective properties of such therapies may stem from improved cellular metabolism. Data from clinical and preclinical studies indicate that these diets restrict glycolysis and increase fatty acid oxidation, actions which result in ketosis, replenishment of the TCA cycle (i.e., anaplerosis), restoration of neurotransmitter and ion channel function, and enhanced mitochondrial respiration. Further, there is mounting evidence that the KD and its variants can impact key signaling pathways that evolved to sense the energetic state of the cell, and that help maintain cellular homeostasis. These pathways, which include PPARs, AMP-activated kinase, mammalian target of rapamycin, and the sirtuins, have all been recently implicated in the neuroprotective effects of the KD. Further research in this area may lead to future therapeutic strategies aimed at mimicking the pleiotropic neuroprotective effects of the KD. PMID:24847102

  9. Alaska looks HOT!

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Belcher, J.

    Production in Alaska has been sluggish in recent years, with activity in the Prudhoe Bay region in the North Slope on a steady decline. Alaska North Slope (ANS) production topped out in 1988 at 2.037 MMbo/d, with 1.6 MMbo/d from Prudhoe Bay. This year operators expect to produce 788 Mbo/d from Prudhoe Bay, falling to 739 Mbo/d next year. ANS production as a whole should reach 1.3 MMbo/d this year, sliding to 1.29 MMbo/d in 1998. These declining numbers had industry officials and politicians talking about the early death of the Trans-Alaskan Pipeline System-the vital link between ANS crude andmore » markets. But enhanced drilling technology coupled with a vastly improved relationship between the state government and industry have made development in Alaska more economical and attractive. Alaska`s Democratic Gov. Tommy Knowles is fond of telling industry {open_quotes}we`re open for business.{close_quotes} New discoveries on the North Slope and in the Cook Inlet are bringing a renewed sense of optimism to the Alaska exploration and production industry. Attempts by Congress to lift a moratorium on exploration and production activity in the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge (ANWR) have been thwarted thus far, but momentum appears to be with proponents of ANWR drilling.« less

  10. Social Media in Shoulder & Elbow Surgery: An Analysis of Twitter and Instagram.

    PubMed

    Ramkumar, Prem N; Navarro, Sergio M; Cornaghie, Margaret M; Haeberle, Heather S; Hameed, Hafsah; Schickendantz, Mark S; Ricchetti, Eric T; Iannotti, Joseph P

    2018-07-01

    Social media provide a unique method of analyzing outcomes and quality in medicine. The purpose of this observational study was to investigate the nature of social media content related to shoulder and elbow (S&E) surgery posted by patients, surgeons, and hospitals. A public search of Instagram for a two-year period yielded 1,177 patient-related posts. A categorical system assessed the perspective, timing, tone, and content of each post. Twitter accounts of 77 S&E specialists from the top five ranked U.S. News & World Report institutions were analyzed for activity and content. 5,246 Twitter and Instagram posts for the institutions were analyzed for frequency and content. Most patient-related posts were by patients (68%), postoperative (82%), positive (87%), and centered on return-to-play for Tommy John (34%), surgical site for shoulder arthroplasty (52%), and activities of daily living for rotator cuff repair (22%). 37% of surgeons had active accounts averaging 46 posts, 87% of which were practice advertisements. Hospitals averaged 273 posts over the 2-year period, focusing on education (38%) and community (18%). S&E patients share outcomes on social media in a positive tone with procedure-dependent emphases. Surgeons on social media use sites for practice augmentation. Hospitals often focused posts towards educating the community. © Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York.

  11. Aeromagnetic interpretation and mineral investigations in the Bolu, Canakkale-Karabiga, Demirkoy, Ezine, and Orhaneli areas of northwestern Turkey in 1968

    USGS Publications Warehouse

    Jacobson, Herbert Samuel; Tumer, Ural; Karahacioglu, Hamit

    1972-01-01

    This report reviews progress made during 1968 in the continuing Joint Haden Tetkik ve Arama Enstitusu (MSA)-U. S. Geological Survey (USGS) Mineral Exploration and Training Project, Subproject 2. Subproject 2 is concerned with aeromagnetic interpretation of MTA's aeromagnetic surveys, and ground investigations of selected aeromagnetic anomalies. This report includes new aeromagnetic maps for the Bolu, Canakkale-Karabiga, Demirkoy, and Orhaneli areas and reviews ground investigations in five areas. Activities for each area are sunmarized below: 1. Bolu area: The aeromagnetic map shows two belts of anomalies related to regional magnetite-bearing formations and a group of discrete anomalies, some of which may reflect significant concentrations of magnetite. To date three of these anomalies have been checked on the ground and at one a metamorphic rock containing 14 percent magnetite was observed. 2. Canakkale-Karabiga area: Ground checks were made of six aeromagnetic anomalies. At one locality (Cakirly-Koyu) 6 km south of Nazmara Sea a small magnetite deposit was found. The magnetic anomaly over the area is 150 meters long, and about 3 meters deep in the center of the anomaly exposed massive magnetite boulders. 3. Demirkoy area: The aeromagnetic map shows only one significant anomaly which was checked on the ground and found to be caused by minor magnetite at an intrusive contact. 4. Ezine area: A ground survey of 4.5 sq km area was made where magnetite boulders are locally present on the surface. No significant magnetic anomaly or iron mineralization were found. 5. Orhaneli area: The aeromagnetic map o# the area showed regional magnetic anomaly patterns related to magnetite in mafic intrusives, ultramafic rocks, and mafic flow rocks. In addition 16 localized anomalies were identified. Most of these anomalies were checked on the ground but no significant iron deposits were found. The largest deposit found was a one-meter wide magnetite vein. During the 1969 field season

  12. [Effectiveness of a ketogenic diet in children with refractory epilepsy: a systematic review].

    PubMed

    Araya-Quintanilla, F; Celis-Rosati, A; Rodriguez-Leiva, C; Silva-Navarro, C; Silva-Pinto, Y; Toro-Jeria, B

    2016-05-16

    Epilepsy is a brain disorder that affects both children and adults. From the 1920s the ketogenic diet has gained prestige as another treatment option for patients with refractory epilepsy. A summary of the evidence will be made through a systematic review of randomized clinical trials that have compared a single ketogenic diet with other diet for the management of these patients. To determine the effectiveness of the ketogenic diet in reducing episodes of seizures in patients with refractory epilepsy. The search strategy included randomized controlled trials and controlled clinical trials. Databases used were Medline, LILACS, Central and CINAHL. Six articles that met our elegibility criteria. There is limited evidence that the ketogenic diet compared to the medium-chain triglyceride diet is more effective in reducing the frequency of seizures. There is also moderate evidence that classical ketogenic diet compared to the gradual diet (2.5:1 and 3:1) is more effective in reducing seizures. There is moderate evidence that classical ketogenic diet compared to Atkins diet is more effective in reducing the frequency of seizure. The decision to apply this type of diet should also be based on costs, preferences and safety of treatment. It should also take into account the likelihood that studies have indexing problems have been left out of the review.

  13. Ketogenic Diets: New Advances for Metabolism-Based Therapies

    PubMed Central

    Kossoff, Eric H.; Hartman, Adam L.

    2014-01-01

    Purpose of review Despite myriad anticonvulsants available and in various stages of development, there are thousands of children and adults with epilepsy worldwide still refractory to treatment and not candidates for epilepsy surgery. Many of these patients will now turn to dietary therapies such as the ketogenic diet, medium-chain triglyceride (MCT) diet, modified Atkins diet, and low glycemic index treatment. Recent Findings In the past several years, neurologists are finding new indications to use these dietary treatments, perhaps even as first-line therapy, including infantile spasms, myoclonic-astatic epilepsy (Doose syndrome), Dravet syndrome, and status epilepticus (including FIRES syndrome). Adults are also one of the most rapidly growing populations being treated nowadays; a group of patients previously not typically offered these treatments. In 2009, two controlled trials of the ketogenic diet were published as well as an International Expert Consensus Statement on dietary treatment of epilepsy. Ketogenic diets are also now being increasingly studied for neurologic conditions other than epilepsy, including Alzheimer disease and cancer. Insights from basic science research have helped elucidate the mechanisms by which metabolism-based therapy may be helpful, both in terms of an anticonvulsant and possibly neuroprotective effect. Summary Dietary therapy for epilepsy continues to grow in popularity worldwide, with expanding use for adults and conditions other than epilepsy. PMID:22322415

  14. Misremembering what you see or hear: Dissociable effects of modality on short- and long-term false recognition.

    PubMed

    Olszewska, Justyna M; Reuter-Lorenz, Patricia A; Munier, Emily; Bendler, Sara A

    2015-09-01

    False working memories readily emerge using a visual item-recognition variant of the converging associates task. Two experiments, manipulating study and test modality, extended prior working memory results by demonstrating a reliable false recognition effect (more false alarms to associatively related lures than to unrelated lures) within seconds of encoding in either the visual or auditory modality. However, false memories were nearly twice as frequent when study lists were seen than when they were heard, regardless of test modality, although study-test modality mismatch was generally disadvantageous (consistent with encoding specificity). A final experiment that varied study-test modality using a hybrid short- and long-term memory test (Flegal, Atkins & Reuter-Lorenz, 2010) replicated the auditory advantage in the short term but revealed a reversal in the long term: The false memory effect was greater in the auditory study-test condition than in the visual study-test condition. Thus, the same encoding conditions gave rise to an opposite modality advantage depending on whether recognition was tested under short-term or long-term memory conditions. Although demonstrating continuity in associative processing across delay, the results indicate that delay condition affects the availability of modality-dependent features of the memory trace and, thus, distinctiveness, leading to dissociable patterns of short- and long-term memory performance. (c) 2015 APA, all rights reserved).

  15. Developing accessible cyberinfrastructure-enabled knowledge communities in the national disability community: theory, practice, and policy.

    PubMed

    Myhill, William N; Cogburn, Derrick L; Samant, Deepti; Addom, Benjamin Kwasi; Blanck, Peter

    2008-01-01

    Since publication of the Atkins Commission report in 2003, the national scientific community has placed significant emphasis on developing cyberinfrastructure-enabled knowledge communities, which are designed to facilitate enhanced efficiency and collaboration in geographically distributed networks of researchers. This article suggests that the new cyberinfrastructure movement may not fully benefit those participants with disabilities, unless closer attention is paid to legal mandates and universal design principles. Many technology-enhanced learning communities provide geographically distributed collaboration opportunities that expand the inclusion of diverse peoples and help close the digital divide. However, to date, most collaboratory efforts have not emphasized the need for access among people with disabilities nor meeting minimum standards for technological accessibility. To address these concerns, this article reports on two pilot collaboratory studies that explore the role advanced information, communication, and collaboration technologies play in enhancing geographically distributed collaboration among specific research and applied networks within the national disability community. Universal design principles inform the design of the collaboratory and its use and our efforts to ensure access for all. Data for this article come from Web-based surveys, interviews, observations, computer logs, and detailed, mixed-methods accessibility testing. Emerging results suggest that with deliberate and systematic efforts, cyberinfrastructure can be more accessible and generate benefits among persons with disabilities. The authors provide lessons learned and recommendations for future research, policy, law, and practice.

  16. Effects of very-low-carbohydrate (horsemeat- or beef-based) diets and restricted feeding on weight gain, feed and energy efficiency, as well as serum levels of cholesterol, triacylglycerol, glucose, insulin and ketone bodies in adult rats.

    PubMed

    Kim, Jae-Youn; Yang, Young-Hoon; Kim, Choong-Nam; Lee, Chong-Eon; Kim, Kyu-Il

    2008-01-01

    The beneficial or harmful effect of the low-carbohydrate (low-carb), high-protein, high-fat diet (Atkins diet) has not been clearly demonstrated. We determined the effect of a low-carb diet and restricted feeding (70% ad libitum intake) on serum levels of cholesterol, triacylglycerol, glucose, ketone bodies and insulin in rats. In experiment 1, each of 4 groups with 10 adult rats was assigned to a high-carb diet (AIN-93G) + ad libitum intake or restricted feeding, or a low-carb diet (53% horsemeat) + ad libitum intake or restricted feeding (2 x 2 factorial). In experiment 2, each of 3 groups with 10 adult rats was assigned to a control (AIN-93G) or low-carb diets (53% beef or horsemeat). Restricted feeding and the low-carb diet reduced (p<0.01) serum triacylglycerol compared with ad libitum intake and the AIN-93G diet, respectively (experiment 1). The dietary effect on serum total cholesterol, high-density or low-density lipid cholesterol appeared to be inconsistent, but restricted feeding increased the low-density lipoprotein cholesterol level. The serum ketone body level was increased by the low-carb diet compared with AIN-93G (experiment 2). Restricted feeding and a low-carb diet are beneficial for alleviating cardiovascular disease risk factors, and their effects are additive, restricted feeding being more pronounced. Copyright 2009 S. Karger AG, Basel.

  17. High-fat diets and seizure control in myoclonic-astatic epilepsy: a single center's experience.

    PubMed

    Simard-Tremblay, Elisabeth; Berry, Patricia; Owens, Aaron; Cook, William Byron; Sittner, Haley R; Mazzanti, Marta; Huber, Jennifer; Warner, Molly; Shurtleff, Hillary; Saneto, Russell P

    2015-02-01

    To determine the efficacy of the Modified Atkins Diet (MAD) and Ketogenic Diet (KD) in seizure control within a population of myoclonic-astatic epilepsy (MAE) patients. This was a retrospective, single center study evaluating the seizure control by high fat diets. Seizure diaries kept by the parents performed seizure counts. All patients met the clinical criteria for MAE. Nine patients met the clinical criteria. We found that both the MAD and KD were efficacious in complete seizure control and allowed other medications to be stopped in seven patients. Two patients had greater than 90% seizure control without medications, one on the KD and the other on the MAD. Seizure freedom has ranged from 13 to 36 months, and during this time four patients have been fully weaned off of diet management. One patient was found to have a mutation in SLC2A1. Our results suggest that strictly defined MAE patients respond to the MAD with prolonged seizure control. Some patients may require the KD for seizure freedom, suggesting a common pathway of increased requirement for fats. Once controlled, those fully responsive to the Diet(s) could be weaned off traditional seizure medications and in many, subsequently off the MAD or KD. Copyright © 2014 British Epilepsy Association. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  18. The use of educational comics in learning anatomy among multiple student groups.

    PubMed

    Kim, Jiyoon; Chung, Min Suk; Jang, Hae Gwon; Chung, Beom Sun

    2017-01-01

    Understanding basic human anatomy can be beneficial for all students, regardless of when, or if, they will later undertake a formal course in the subject. For students who are preparing to undertake a formal anatomy course, educational comics on basic anatomy can serve as a concise and approachable review of the material. For other students, these comics can serve as a helpful and fun introduction to the human body. The objective of the comics in this study was to promote an understanding of fundamental human anatomy through self-learning among students. Based on the authors' previous teaching experience, these anatomy comics were produced in a simple, direct style. The comics were titled after the two main characters, "Anna" (a girl) and "Tommy" (a boy). These comics were then presented to groups of elementary school students, high school students, premedical students, and medical students to assess the comics' ability to enhance student interest and comprehension of basic anatomy. Quiz scores among high school students and premedical students were significantly higher among participants who read the educational comics, indicating a deeper comprehension of the subject. Among medical students, close reading of the comics was associated with improved course grades. These educational anatomy comics may be helpful tools to enrich a broad spectrum of different students in learning basic human anatomy. Anat Sci Educ 10: 79-86. © 2016 American Association of Anatomists. © 2016 American Association of Anatomists.

  19. Congratulating the University of St. Thomas Tommies baseball team for winning the 2009 National Collegiate Athletic Association Division III Men's Baseball National Championship.

    THOMAS, 111th Congress

    Rep. McCollum, Betty [D-MN-4

    2009-06-03

    House - 07/23/2009 Referred to the Subcommittee on Higher Education, Lifelong Learning, and Competitiveness. (All Actions) Tracker: This bill has the status IntroducedHere are the steps for Status of Legislation:

  20. Line Parameters of Ethane (12C_2H_6) at 12 μm with Constrained Multispectrum Fitting

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Devi, V. Malathy; Benner, D. Chris; Rinsland, C. P.; Smith, M. A. H.; Sams, R. L.; Blake, T. A.; Flaud, J.-M.; Sung, K.; Brown, L. R.; Mantz, A. W.

    2010-06-01

    A multispectrum nonlinear least squares technique was applied to simultaneously fit 43 infrared absorption spectra of C_2H_6 between 795 and 850 cm-1. The high resolution (0.0016-0.005 cm-1) spectra were recorded with two different Bruker Fourier transform spectrometers at PNNL and JPL to support Earth and planetary atmosphere studies, e.g. Titan's cold stratosphere. Accurate line positions and absolute intensities at room temperature were retrieved for over 1750 transitions of ν_9. N_2- and self-broadened halfwidth coefficients with their temperature dependences were obtained for over 1330 lines using sample temperatures between ˜150 and 298 K. Constraints to intensity ratios, torsional splittings, halfwidth coefficients and their temperature dependence exponents were incorporated in the analysis to determine these parameters for both torsional split components. The variations of the observed halfwidth coefficients and their temperature dependences with respect to J, K quanta are discussed. No pressure-induced shifts were measured or even required to fit the spectra to their noise levels. Present results are compared with previously reported measurements and predictions. D. Chris Benner, C. P. Rinsland, V. M. Devi, M. A. H. Smith, and D. A. Atkins, JQSRT 1995;53:705-21. Part of the research described in this paper was performed at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, the College of William and Mary, Connecticut College, and NASA Langley Research Center under contracts and cooperative agreements with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration.

  1. An Application of the Quadrature-Free Discontinuous Galerkin Method

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Lockard, David P.; Atkins, Harold L.

    2000-01-01

    The process of generating a block-structured mesh with the smoothness required for high-accuracy schemes is still a time-consuming process often measured in weeks or months. Unstructured grids about complex geometries are more easily generated, and for this reason, methods using unstructured grids have gained favor for aerodynamic analyses. The discontinuous Galerkin (DG) method is a compact finite-element projection method that provides a practical framework for the development of a high-order method using unstructured grids. Higher-order accuracy is obtained by representing the solution as a high-degree polynomial whose time evolution is governed by a local Galerkin projection. The traditional implementation of the discontinuous Galerkin uses quadrature for the evaluation of the integral projections and is prohibitively expensive. Atkins and Shu introduced the quadrature-free formulation in which the integrals are evaluated a-priori and exactly for a similarity element. The approach has been demonstrated to possess the accuracy required for acoustics even in cases where the grid is not smooth. Other issues such as boundary conditions and the treatment of non-linear fluxes have also been studied in earlier work This paper describes the application of the quadrature-free discontinuous Galerkin method to a two-dimensional shear layer problem. First, a brief description of the method is given. Next, the problem is described and the solution is presented. Finally, the resources required to perform the calculations are given.

  2. Potential long-term consequences of fad diets on health, cancer, and longevity: lessons learned from model organism studies.

    PubMed

    Ruden, Douglas M; Rasouli, Parsa; Lu, Xiangyi

    2007-06-01

    While much of the third world starves, many in the first world are undergoing an obesity epidemic, and the related epidemics of type II diabetes, heart disease, and other diseases associated with obesity. The amount of economic wealth being directly related to a decline in health by obesity is ironic because rich countries contribute billions of dollars to improve the health of their citizens. Nevertheless, nutritional experiments in model organisms such as yeast, C. elegans, Drosophila, and mice confirm that "caloric restriction" (CR), which is defined generally as a 30-40% decrease in caloric intake, a famine-like condition for humans seen only in the poorest of countries, promotes good health and increases longevity in model organisms. Because caloric restriction, and dieting in general, requires a great deal of will power to deal with the feelings of deprivation, many fad diets, such as the Atkins, South Beach, and Protein Power, have been developed which allow people to lose weight purportedly without the severe feelings of deprivation. However, the long-term effects of such fad diets are not known and few experiments have been performed in the laboratory to investigate possible side affects and adverse consequences. In this paper, we review studies with fad-like dietary conditions in humans and model organisms, and we propose a "Dietary Ames Test" to rapidly screen fad diets, dietary supplements, and drugs for potential long-term health consequences in model organisms.

  3. Effect of a 6-month vegan low-carbohydrate ('Eco-Atkins') diet on cardiovascular risk factors and body weight in hyperlipidaemic adults: a randomised controlled trial.

    PubMed

    Jenkins, David J A; Wong, Julia M W; Kendall, Cyril W C; Esfahani, Amin; Ng, Vivian W Y; Leong, Tracy C K; Faulkner, Dorothea A; Vidgen, Ed; Paul, Gregory; Mukherjea, Ratna; Krul, Elaine S; Singer, William

    2014-02-05

    Low-carbohydrate diets may be useful for weight loss. Diets high in vegetable proteins and oils may reduce the risk of coronary heart disease. The main objective was to determine the longer term effect of a diet that was both low-carbohydrate and plant-based on weight loss and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). A parallel design study of 39 overweight hyperlipidaemic men and postmenopausal women conducted at a Canadian university-affiliated hospital nutrition research centre from April 2005 to November 2006. Participants were advised to consume either a low-carbohydrate vegan diet or a high-carbohydrate lacto-ovo vegetarian diet for 6 months after completing 1-month metabolic (all foods provided) versions of these diets. The prescribed macronutrient intakes for the low-carbohydrate and high-carbohydrate diets were: 26% and 58% of energy from carbohydrate, 31% and 16% from protein and 43% and 25% from fat, respectively. Change in body weight. 23 participants (50% test, 68% control) completed the 6-month ad libitum study. The approximate 4 kg weight loss on the metabolic study was increased to -6.9 kg on low-carbohydrate and -5.8 kg on high-carbohydrate 6-month ad libitum treatments (treatment difference (95% CI) -1.1 kg (-2.1 to 0.0), p=0.047). The relative LDL-C and triglyceride reductions were also greater on the low-carbohydrate treatment (treatment difference (95% CI) -0.49 mmol/L (-0.70 to -0.28), p<0.001 and -0.34 mmol/L (-0.57 to -0.11), p=0.005, respectively), as were the total cholesterol:HDL-C and apolipoprotein B:A1 ratios (-0.57 (-0.83, -0.32), p<0.001 and -0.05 (-0.09, -0.02), p=0.003, respectively). A self-selected low-carbohydrate vegan diet, containing increased protein and fat from gluten and soy products, nuts and vegetable oils, had lipid lowering advantages over a high-carbohydrate, low-fat weight loss diet, thus improving heart disease risk factors. clinicaltrials.gov (http://www.clinicaltrials.gov/), #NCT00256516.

  4. Contributions to the AIAA Guidance, Navigation and Control Conference

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Campbell, S. D. (Editor)

    2002-01-01

    This report contains six papers presented by the Lincoln Laboratory Air Traffic Control Systems Group at the American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics (AIAA) Guidance, Navigation and Control (GNC) conference on 6-9 August 2001 in Montreal, Canada. The work reported was sponsored by the NASA Advanced Air Transportation Technologies (AATT) program and the FAA Free Flight Phase 1 (FFP1) program. The papers are based on studies completed at Lincoln Laboratory in collaboration with staff at NASA Ames Research Center. These papers were presented in the Air Traffic Automation Session of the conference and fall into three major areas: Traffic Analysis & Benefits Studies, Weather/Automation Integration and Surface Surveillance. In the first area, a paper by Andrews & Robinson presents an analysis of the efficiency of runway operations at Dallas/Ft. Worth using a tool called PARO, and a paper by Welch, Andrews & Robinson presents a delay benefit results for the Final Approach Spacing Tool (FAST). In the second area, a paper by Campbell, et al describes a new weather distribution systems for the Center/TRACON Automation System (CTAS) that allows ingestion of multiple weather sources, and a paper by Vandevenne, Lloyd & Hogaboom describes the use of the NOAA Eta model as a backup wind data source for CTAS. Also in this area, a paper by Murphy & Campbell presents initial steps towards integrating weather impacted routes into FAST. In the third area, a paper by Welch, Bussolari and Atkins presents an initial operational concept for using surface surveillance to reduce taxi delays.

  5. A novel Zea mays ssp. mexicana L. MYC-type ICE-like transcription factor gene ZmmICE1, enhances freezing tolerance in transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana.

    PubMed

    Lu, Xiang; Yang, Lei; Yu, Mengyuan; Lai, Jianbin; Wang, Chao; McNeil, David; Zhou, Meixue; Yang, Chengwei

    2017-04-01

    The annual Zea mays ssp. mexicana L., a member of the teosinte group, is a close wild relative of maize and thus can be effectively used in maize improvement. In this study, an ICE-like gene, ZmmICE1, was isolated from a cDNA library of RNA-Seq from cold-treated seedling tissues of Zea mays ssp. mexicana L. The deduced protein of ZmmICE1 contains a highly conserved basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) domain and C-terminal region of ICE-like proteins. The ZmmICE1 protein localizes to the nucleus and shows sumoylation when expressed in an Escherichia coli reconstitution system. In addition, yeast one hybrid assays indicated that ZmmICE1 has transactivation activities. Moreover, ectopic expression of ZmmICE1 in the Arabidopsis ice1-2 mutant increased freezing tolerance. The ZmmICE1 overexpressed plants showed lower electrolyte leakage (EL), reduced contents of malondialdehyde (MDA). The expression of downstream cold related genes of Arabidopsis C-repeat-binding factors (AtCBF1, AtCBF2 and AtCBF3), cold-responsive genes (AtCOR15A and AtCOR47), kinesin-1 member gene (AtKIN1) and responsive to desiccation gene (AtRD29A) was significantly induced when compared with wild type under low temperature treatment. Taken together, these results indicated that ZmmICE1 is the homolog of Arabidopsis inducer of CBF expression genes (AtICE1/2) and plays an important role in the regulation of freezing stress response. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.

  6. Piaget and Organic Chemistry: Teaching Introductory Organic Chemistry through Learning Cycles

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Libby, R. Daniel

    1995-07-01

    This paper describes the first application of the Piaget-based learning cycle technique (Atkin & Karplus, Sci. Teach. 1962, 29, 45-51) to an introductory organic chemistry course. It also presents the step-by-step process used to convert a lecture course into a discussion-based active learning course. The course is taught in a series of learning cycles. A learning cycle is a three phase process that provides opportunities for students to explore new material and work with an instructor to recognize logical patterns in data, and devise and test hypotheses. In this application, the first phase, exploration, involves out-of-class student evaluation of data in attempts to identify significant trends and develop hypotheses that might explain the trends in terms of fundamental scientific principles. In the second phase, concept invention, the students and instructor work together in-class to evaluate student hypotheses and find concepts that work best in explaining the data. The third phase, application, is an out-of-class application of the concept to new situations. The development of learning cycles from lecture notes is presented as an 8 step procedure. The process involves revaluation and restructuring of the course material to maintain a continuity of concept development according to the instructor's logic, dividing topics into individual concepts or techniques, and refocusing the presentation in terms of large numbers of examples that can serve as data for students in their exploration and application activities. A sample learning cycle and suggestions for ways of limited implementation of learning cycles into existing courses are also provided.

  7. Dietary Preferences and Nutritional Information Needs Among Career Firefighters in the United States

    PubMed Central

    Yang, Justin; Farioli, Andrea; Korre, Maria

    2015-01-01

    Background: Considerable cardiovascular disease and cancer risk among firefighters are attributable to excess adiposity. Robust evidence confirms strong relationships between dietary patterns and the risk of chronic disease. Dietary modification is more likely to be effective when the strategy is appealing and addresses knowledge gaps. Objective: To assess career firefighters' diet practices and information needs, compare the relative appeal of proposed diet plans, and examine how these vary in association with body composition. Methods: Cross-sectional, online survey distributed to members of the International Association of Fire Fighters. Results: Most firefighters do not currently follow any specific dietary plan (71%) and feel that they receive insufficient nutrition information (68%), but most are interested in learning more about healthy eating (75%). When presented with written descriptions of diets without names or labels and asked to rank them in order of preference, firefighters most often rated the Mediterranean diet as their favorite and gave it a more favorable distribution of relative rankings (P<.001) compared to the Paleo, Atkins, Therapeutic Lifestyle Changes, and Esselsteyn Engine 2 (low-fat, strictly plant-based) diets. Obese respondents reported more limited nutritional knowledge (P<.001) and were more likely to feel that they received insufficient nutritional information (P=.021) than participants with normal body weight. Conclusions: Most career firefighters are overweight or obese and do not practice a specific diet; however, 75% want to learn more about healthy eating. Among popular dietary choices, firefighters were most receptive to a Mediterranean diet and least receptive to a strictly plant-based diet. PMID:26331100

  8. Dietary Preferences and Nutritional Information Needs Among Career Firefighters in the United States.

    PubMed

    Yang, Justin; Farioli, Andrea; Korre, Maria; Kales, Stefanos N

    2015-07-01

    Considerable cardiovascular disease and cancer risk among firefighters are attributable to excess adiposity. Robust evidence confirms strong relationships between dietary patterns and the risk of chronic disease. Dietary modification is more likely to be effective when the strategy is appealing and addresses knowledge gaps. To assess career firefighters' diet practices and information needs, compare the relative appeal of proposed diet plans, and examine how these vary in association with body composition. Cross-sectional, online survey distributed to members of the International Association of Fire Fighters. Most firefighters do not currently follow any specific dietary plan (71%) and feel that they receive insufficient nutrition information (68%), but most are interested in learning more about healthy eating (75%). When presented with written descriptions of diets without names or labels and asked to rank them in order of preference, firefighters most often rated the Mediterranean diet as their favorite and gave it a more favorable distribution of relative rankings (P<.001) compared to the Paleo, Atkins, Therapeutic Lifestyle Changes, and Esselsteyn Engine 2 (low-fat, strictly plant-based) diets. Obese respondents reported more limited nutritional knowledge (P<.001) and were more likely to feel that they received insufficient nutritional information (P=.021) than participants with normal body weight. Most career firefighters are overweight or obese and do not practice a specific diet; however, 75% want to learn more about healthy eating. Among popular dietary choices, firefighters were most receptive to a Mediterranean diet and least receptive to a strictly plant-based diet.

  9. Health advantages and disadvantages of weight-reducing diets: a computer analysis and critical review.

    PubMed

    Anderson, J W; Konz, E C; Jenkins, D J

    2000-10-01

    Some weight-loss diets are nutritionally sound and consistent with recommendations for healthy eating while others are "fad" diets encouraging irrational and, sometimes, unsafe practices. The purpose of the study was to compare several weight loss diets and assess their potential long-term effects. Eight popular weight-loss diets were selected (Atkins, Protein Power, Sugar Busters, Zone, ADA Exchange, High-Fiber Fitness, Pritikin and Omish) to be non-clinically analyzed by means of a computer to predict their relative benefits/potential harm. A summary description, menu plan and recommended snacks were developed for each diet. The nutrient composition of each diet was determined using computer software, and a Food Pyramid Score was calculated to compare diets. The Mensink, Hegsted and other formulae were applied to estimate coronary heart disease risk factors. Higher fat diets are higher in saturated fats and cholesterol than current dietary guidelines and their long-term use would increase serum cholesterol levels and risk for CHD. Diets restricted in sugar intake would lower serum cholesterol levels and long-term risk for CHD; however, higher carbohydrate, higher fiber, lower fat diets would have the greatest effect in decreasing serum cholesterol concentrations and risk of CHD. While high fat diets may promote short-term weight loss, the potential hazards for worsening risk for progression of atherosclerosis override the short-term benefits. Individuals derive the greatest health benefits from diets low in saturated fat and high in carbohydrate and fiber: these increase sensitivity to insulin and lower risk for CHD.

  10. Pandemic obesity and the contagion of nutritional nonsense.

    PubMed

    Katz, David L

    2003-01-01

    The United States is the epicenter of an obesity pandemic. As more countries acculturate to a Western lifestyle, rates of obesity and its sequelae are rising steadily in both adults and children. In response, a variety of weight-loss diets emphasizing alternative distributions of macronutrient classes have been promoted with considerable success. Among the most popular is the so-called "Atkins Diet," in which carbohydrate restriction is touted as the key to weight loss. Despite claims, however, evidence that weight loss is enhanced by means other than caloric restriction is lacking. Also lacking is evidence that fad diets produce sustainable weight loss. Most important, fad diets generally ignore or refute what is known about fundamental associations between dietary pattern and human health. Cancer, cholera, and AIDS induce rapid weight loss, highlighting the potential incompatibility of weight loss by any means with health. Available data suggest that long-term weight loss is most consistently achieved by adherence to a fat-restricted diet abundant in grains, vegetables, and fruit, along with regular physical activity, a lifestyle notably conducive to the promotion of overall health. Fad diets, potential harms of which are well characterized, should be presumed "guilty" of incompatibility with human health until or unless proved otherwise; the burden of proof should reside with proponents. In the interim, the clinical and public health communities should work to empower individuals with knowledge needed to reconcile weight control with health promotion; support policies that mitigate obesogenic environmental conditions; and offer unified resistance to the contagion of dietary propaganda.

  11. Compensatory lengthening in the Spanish of Havana, Cuba: Acoustic analyses of word-internal, post-nuclear /l/ and /r/

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Carlson, Kristin M.

    Given the geographic, demographic, and historical importance of Cuba vis-a-vis the dissemination of language and culture throughout the Hispanic Caribbean, one would naturally anticipate a larger corpus of scientifically-noteworthy linguistic publications on Cuban Spanish, which is far from the actual case. Moreover, the gemination of an onset positionally subsequent to the deletion of a syllable-final liquid (generally termed liquid gemination in the literature) has been repeatedly claimed yet remarkably unsubstantiated as a pervasive characteristic of Cuban Spanish, particularly of the western dialect region (cf. Alfaraz (2000, 2007, 2008), Casanellas and Alamo (1985), Choy Lopez (1985, 1988, 1989), Costa Sanchez (1987), Darias Concepcion (2001, 2005), Dohotaru (2002, 2007), Figueroa Esteva and Dohotaru (1994), Garcia Perez (2006), Garcia Riveron (1991), Haden and Matluck (1973, 1974, 1977), Isbǎsescu (1965, 1968), Lamb (1968), Levina (1970), Montero Bernal (1990, 2002, 2007a, b), Ringer Uber (1986), Ruiz Hernandez (1978), Sosa (1974), Terrell (1976), Trista and Valdes (1978), Valdes Acosta (1980), and Vera Riveron (2000)). As a result, in the interest of supplementing all antecedent work concerning the allophony of final liquids as well as affording a more descriptively-precise account of the allophony of word-internal, post-nuclear /l/ and /[Special character omitted]/ in Cuban Spanish in addition to expressly addressing the need for empirical data-collection and analysis processes, the present investigation was specifically designed and implemented to acoustically investigate the phenomenon of gemination as it is purported to occur in the Spanish of the region of Havana, Cuba: more specifically, (1) to acoustically examine the qualitative and quantitative patternings of post-nuclear /l/ and /[Special character omitted]/ within the word; and (2) to statistically evaluate the relationship between gemination and eight independent variables: gender, age group

  12. Transition In Supersonic Flows With Corners

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Balakumar, P.; McClinton, Charles (Technical Monitor)

    2001-01-01

    It is proposed to investigate the effect of sudden change in the slope of the surface on the stability and transition onset point in supersonic and hypersonic boundary layers. Since we can not use the linear stability theory in flows where there are discontinuities we have to solve the full Navier-Stokes equations to determine the amplification of the disturbances across the oblique shock which exists at the corner. We will use the Navier-Stokes code which was developed by Dr. Harold Atkins in the aerodynamic and acoustic methods branch. The code is developed using the higher order ENO scheme and is currently set up for two-dimensional flows. In the first year of our investigation, we will investigate the evolution of small amplitude two-dimensional disturbances and determine the N-factors for the most amplified disturbances. We will perform the analysis for the parameter similar to X-31 model and flight experiment conditions. From these computation we will infer what is the maximum amplification rate possible in quite environments without any tripping devices. In the second part of the investigation, we will perform nonlinear computations to determine what is the minimum amplitudes necessary to cause the transition at a designed location. In the third part, we have to determine what kind of trip devices necessary to excite the required disturbances. The principal investigator of this project is Dr. P. Balakumar, Associate Professor of Department of Aerospace Engineering, Old Dominion University. We will actively collaborate with research scientists in the Aero-Thermodynamics Branch at NASA/Langley Research Center. A half-time graduate student will also participate in the project.

  13. Ketogenic diet therapy for epilepsy during pregnancy: A case series.

    PubMed

    van der Louw, Elles J T M; Williams, Tanya J; Henry-Barron, Bobbie J; Olieman, Joanne F; Duvekot, Johannes J; Vermeulen, Marijn J; Bannink, Natalja; Williams, Monique; Neuteboom, Rinze F; Kossoff, Eric H; Catsman-Berrevoets, Coriene E; Cervenka, Mackenzie C

    2017-02-01

    Evaluation of ketogenic diet (KD) therapies for seizure control during pregnancy when safety and appropriate management become considerations. Until now, no information has been available on seizure reduction and human pregnancy related outcomes in women treated with KD therapies. We describe two cases of pregnant women with epilepsy treated with KD therapy either as monotherapy (Case 1) or as adjunctive therapy (Case 2). Case 1: A 27 year old woman, gravida1, started the classic KD with medium chain triglyceride (MCT) emulsion and 75g carbohydrate-restriction, later reduced to 47g. Glucose levels were 4-6mmol/L and blood ketone levels ranged from 0.2 to 1.4mmol/L. Seizure frequency decreased and seizure-free days increased. Mild side effects included intolerance to MCT, reduced serum carnitine and vitamin levels, and mild hyperlipidemia. Fetal and neonatal growth was normal as was growth and development at 12 months. Case 2: A 36 year-old nulliparous woman was treated with a 20 gram carbohydrate-restricted Modified Atkins Diet (MAD) and lamotrigine, resulting in reduction of seizure frequency to once per month prior to pregnancy. Once pregnant, carbohydrates were increased to 30g. When seizures increased, lamotrigine dose was doubled. Urine ketones trended down during second trimester. A male was born with bilateral ear deformities of unknown significance. The child had a normal neurodevelopment at eight months. Non-pharmacological epilepsy therapies like KD and MAD may be effective during human pregnancy. However, safety still has to be established. Further monitoring to identify potential long term side effects is warranted. Copyright © 2017 British Epilepsy Association. All rights reserved.

  14. Line Shape Parameters of Water Vapor Transitions in the 3645-3975 cm^{-1} Region

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Devi, V. Malathy; Benner, D. Chris; Gamache, Robert R.; Vispoel, Bastien; Renaud, Candice L.; Smith, Mary Ann H.; Sams, Robert L.; Blake, Thomas A.

    2017-06-01

    A Bruker IFS 120HR Fourier transform spectrometer (FTS) at the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) in Richland, Washington was used to record a series of spectra in the regions of the ν_1 and ν_3 bands of H_2O. The samples included low pressures of pure H_2O as well as H_2O broadened by air at different pressures, temperatures and volume mixing ratios. We fit simultaneously 16 high-resolution (0.008 cm^{-1}), high S/N ratio absorption spectra recorded at 268, 296 and 353 K (L=19.95 cm), employing a multispectrum fitting technique to retrieve accurate line positions, relative intensities, Lorentz air-broadened half-width and pressure-shift coefficients and their temperature dependences for more than 220 H_2O transitions. Self-broadened half-width and self-shift coefficients were measured for over 100 transitions. For select sets of transition pairs for the H_2O-air system we determined collisional line mixing coefficients via the off-diagonal relaxation matrix element formalism, and we also measured speed dependence parameters for 85 transitions. Modified Complex Robert Bonamy (MCRB) calculations of the half-widths, line shifts, and temperature dependences were made for self-, N_2-, O_2-, and air-broadening. The measurements and calculations are compared with each other and with similar parameters reported in the literature. D. C. Benner, C. P. Rinsland, V. Malathy Devi, M. A. H. Smith, D. Atkins, JQSRT 53 (1995) 705-721. A. Levy, N. Lacome, C. Chackerian, Collisional line mixing, in Spectroscopy of the Earth's Atmosphere and Interstellar Medium, Academic Press, Inc., Boston (1992) 261-337.

  15. - and Air-Broadened Line Shape Parameters of 12CH_4 : 4500-4620 CM-1

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Devi, V. Malathy; Benner, D. Chris; Sung, Keeyoon; Brown, Linda; Crawford, Timothy J.; Smith, Mary Ann H.; Mantz, Arlan; Predoi-Cross, Adriana

    2014-06-01

    Accurate knowledge of spectral line shape parameters is important for infrared transmission and radiance calculations in the terrestrial atmosphere. We report the self- and air-broadened Lorentz widths, shifts and line mixing coefficients along with their temperature dependences for methane absorption lines in the 2.2 μm spectral region. For this, we obtained a series of high-resolution, high S/N spectra of 99.99% 12C-enriched samples of pure methane and its dilute mixtures in dry air at cold temperatures down to 150 K using the Bruker IFS 125HR Fourier transform spectrometer at JPL. The coolable absorption cell had an optical path of 20.38 cm and was specially built to reside inside the sample compartment of the Bruker FTS. The 13 spectra used in the analysis consisted of seven pure 12CH_4 spectra at pressures from 4.5 to 169 Torr and six air-broadened spectra with total sample pressures of 113-300 Torr and methane volume mixing ratios between 4 and 9.7%. These 13 spectra were fit simultaneously using the multispectrum least-squares fitting technique. The results will be compared to existing values reported in the literature. K. Sung, A. W. Mantz, L. R. Brown, et al., J. Mol. Spectrosc., 162 (2010) 124-134. D. C. Benner, C. P. Rinsland, V. Malathy Devi, M. A. H. Smith and D. Atkins, JQSRT, 53 (1995) 705-721. Research described in this paper was performed at Connecticut College, the College of William and Mary, NASA Langley Research Center and the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under contracts and cooperative agreements with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration.

  16. [Prospective study of ketogenic diet in treatment of children with global developmental delay].

    PubMed

    Zhu, Deng-Na; Li, Ping; Wang, Jun; Yuan, Jun-Ying; Zhang, Guang-Yu; Liang, Jiang-Fang; Wang, Ming-Mei; Zhao, Yun-Xia; An, Shuang; Ma, Na; Ma, Dan-Dan

    2017-10-01

    To study the effect of ketogenic diet (KD) on neurobehavioral development, emotional and social behaviors, and life ability in children with global developmental delay (GDD). A prospective case-control study was performed for hospitalized children with GDD, who were randomly divided into KD treatment group (n=40) and conventional treatment group (n=37). The children in both groups were given comprehensive rehabilitation training, and those in the KD treatment group were given modified Atkins diet in addition to the comprehensive rehabilitation training. The children in both groups were assessed with the Gesell Developmental Scale, Chinese version of Urban Infant-Toddler Social and Emotional Assessment (CITSEA)/Achenbach Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL), and Infants-Junior High School Students' Social Life Abilities Scale (S-M scale) before treatment and after 3, 6, and 9 months of treatment. The two groups were compared in terms of the improvements in neurobehavioral development, emotional and social behaviors, and social life ability. After 3, 6, and 9 months of treatment, the KD treatment group had significantly greater improvements in the scores of the adaptive, fine motor, and language quotients of the Gesell Developmental Scale compared with the conventional treatment group (P<0.05); the KD treatment group had significantly greater improvements in CITSEA/CBCL scores than the conventional treatment group (P<0.05). The KD treatment group had a greater improvement in the score of the S-M scale after 9 months of treatment (P<0.05). During the KD treatment, 6 children experienced diarrhea and 1 experienced mild urinary stones. KD can improve the neurobehavioral development and behavioral and emotional behaviors in children with GDD, and it has few adverse effects.

  17. Effect of the “protein diet” and bone tissue.

    PubMed

    Nascimento da Silva, Zoraide; Azevedo de Jesuz, Vanessa; De Salvo Castro, Eduardo; Soares da Costa, Carlos Alberto; Teles Boaventura, Gilson; Blondet de Azeredo, Vilma

    2014-01-01

    The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of the hyperproteic diet consumption on bone tissue. The study was conducted during sixty days. Twenty eight Wistar albinus rats, adults, originated from Laboratory of Experimental Nutrition were divided in four groups: (n = 7); Control 1 (C1), Control 2 (C2), Hyperproteic 1 (HP1) e Hyperproteic 2 (HP2). The C2 and HP2 groups were submitted to 30% of food restriction. The hyperproteic diet was based on the Atkins diet and prepared to simulate the protein diet. At the end of the study the animals were anesthetized to performer bone densitometry analyses by DEXA and blood and tissue collection. Serum and bone minerals analyses were conducted by colorimetric methods in automated equipment. The total bone mineral density (BMD) of the pelvis and the spine of the food restriction groups (HP2 e C2) were lower (p < 0.05) than C1 e HP1 groups. While the femur BMD of the HP2 was lower (p < 0.05) related to others groups. It had been observed reduction (p < 0.05) in the medium point of the width of femur diaphysis and in bone calcium level in the hyperproteic groups (HP1 e HP2). It was observed similar effect on the osteocalcin level, that presented lower (p < 0.05) in the hyperproteic groups. The insulin level was lower only in HP2 and serum calcium of the HP1 and HP2 groups was lower than C1. The protein diet promotes significant bone change on femur and in the hormones levels related to bone synthesis and maintenance of this tissue.

  18. Mammographic density and breast cancer risk in breast screening assessment cases and women with a family history of breast cancer.

    PubMed

    Duffy, Stephen W; Morrish, Oliver W E; Allgood, Prue C; Black, Richard; Gillan, Maureen G C; Willsher, Paula; Cooke, Julie; Duncan, Karen A; Michell, Michael J; Dobson, Hilary M; Maroni, Roberta; Lim, Yit Y; Purushothaman, Hema N; Suaris, Tamara; Astley, Susan M; Young, Kenneth C; Tucker, Lorraine; Gilbert, Fiona J

    2018-01-01

    Mammographic density has been shown to be a strong independent predictor of breast cancer and a causative factor in reducing the sensitivity of mammography. There remain questions as to the use of mammographic density information in the context of screening and risk management, and of the association with cancer in populations known to be at increased risk of breast cancer. To assess the association of breast density with presence of cancer by measuring mammographic density visually as a percentage, and with two automated volumetric methods, Quantra™ and VolparaDensity™. The TOMosynthesis with digital MammographY (TOMMY) study of digital breast tomosynthesis in the Breast Screening Programme of the National Health Service (NHS) of the United Kingdom (UK) included 6020 breast screening assessment cases (of whom 1158 had breast cancer) and 1040 screened women with a family history of breast cancer (of whom two had breast cancer). We assessed the association of each measure with breast cancer risk in these populations at enhanced risk, using logistic regression adjusted for age and total breast volume as a surrogate for body mass index (BMI). All density measures showed a positive association with presence of cancer and all declined with age. The strongest effect was seen with Volpara absolute density, with a significant 3% (95% CI 1-5%) increase in risk per 10 cm 3 of dense tissue. The effect of Volpara volumetric density on risk was stronger for large and grade 3 tumours. Automated absolute breast density is a predictor of breast cancer risk in populations at enhanced risk due to either positive mammographic findings or family history. In the screening context, density could be a trigger for more intensive imaging. Copyright © 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.

  19. Reference genes for gene expression studies in wheat flag leaves grown under different farming conditions

    PubMed Central

    2011-01-01

    Background Internal control genes with highly uniform expression throughout the experimental conditions are required for accurate gene expression analysis as no universal reference genes exists. In this study, the expression stability of 24 candidate genes from Triticum aestivum cv. Cubus flag leaves grown under organic and conventional farming systems was evaluated in two locations in order to select suitable genes that can be used for normalization of real-time quantitative reverse-transcription PCR (RT-qPCR) reactions. The genes were selected among the most common used reference genes as well as genes encoding proteins involved in several metabolic pathways. Findings Individual genes displayed different expression rates across all samples assayed. Applying geNorm, a set of three potential reference genes were suitable for normalization of RT-qPCR reactions in winter wheat flag leaves cv. Cubus: TaFNRII (ferredoxin-NADP(H) oxidoreductase; AJ457980.1), ACT2 (actin 2; TC234027), and rrn26 (a putative homologue to RNA 26S gene; AL827977.1). In addition of these three genes that were also top-ranked by NormFinder, two extra genes: CYP18-2 (Cyclophilin A, AY456122.1) and TaWIN1 (14-3-3 like protein, AB042193) were most consistently stably expressed. Furthermore, we showed that TaFNRII, ACT2, and CYP18-2 are suitable for gene expression normalization in other two winter wheat varieties (Tommi and Centenaire) grown under three treatments (organic, conventional and no nitrogen) and a different environment than the one tested with cv. Cubus. Conclusions This study provides a new set of reference genes which should improve the accuracy of gene expression analyses when using wheat flag leaves as those related to the improvement of nitrogen use efficiency for cereal production. PMID:21951810

  20. Meat in the post-truth era: Mass media discourses on health and disease in the attention economy.

    PubMed

    Leroy, Frédéric; Brengman, Malaika; Ryckbosch, Wouter; Scholliers, Peter

    2018-06-01

    The debate on meat's role in health and disease is a rowdy and dissonant one. This study uses the health section of the online version of The Daily Mail as a case study to carry out a quantitative and qualitative reflection on the related discourses in mass media during the first fifteen years of the 21st century. This period ranged from the fall-out of the bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) crisis and its associated food safety anxieties, over the Atkins diet-craze in 2003 and the avian flu episode in 2007, to the highly influential publication of the report on colon cancer by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) in 2015. A variety of conflicting news items was discernible, whereby moments of crisis, depicting the potential hazards of meat eating, seemed to generate reassuring counter-reactions stressing the benefits of meat as a rich source of nutrients. In contrast, when the popularity of meat-rich diets was on the rise due to diets stressing the role of protein in weight control, several warnings were issued. Meat's long-standing and semiotic connotations of vitality, strength, and fertility were either confirmed, rejected or inverted. Often this was achieved through scientification or medicalisation, with references to nutritional studies. The holistic role of meat within human diets and health was thus mostly reduced to a focus on specific food components and isolated biological mechanisms. The narratives were often histrionic and displayed serious contradictions. Since several interests were at play, involving a variety of input from dieticians, (health) authorities, the food industry, vegan or vegetarian movements, and celebrities, the overall discourse was highly heterogeneous. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  1. Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) type I: historical perspective and critical issues.

    PubMed

    Iolascon, Giovanni; de Sire, Alessandro; Moretti, Antimo; Gimigliano, Francesca

    2015-01-01

    The history of algodystrophy is controversial and its denomination has changed significantly over time. Silas Weir Mitchell described several cases of causalgia due to gunshot wounds that occurred during the American Civil War, increasing knowledge about this clinical condition. A later key milestone in the history of CRPS is tied to the name of Paul Sudeck that, using X-ray examinations, described findings of bone atrophy following a traumatic event or infection of the upper limb. The most widely accepted pathogenic hypothesis, proposed by Rene Leriche, supported a key role of the sympathetic nervous system in the onset of the typical clinical picture of the disease, which was thus defined as "reflex sympathetic dystrophy". In the 50s John J. Bonica proposed a staging of CRPS. In a consensus conference held in Budapest in 2003, it was proposed a new classification system that included the presence of at least two clinical signs included in the four categories and at least three symptoms in its four categories. There have been other classification systems proposed for the diagnosis of CRPS, such as Veldman diagnostic criteria based on the presence of at least 4 signs and symptoms of the disease associated with a worsening of the same following the use of the limb and their location in the same area distal to the one that suffered the injury. On the other hand, the Atkins diagnostic criteria are much more objective than those proposed by IASP and are specifically applicable to an orthopaedic context. However, current classification systems and related criteria proposed to make a diagnosis of CRPS, do not include instrumental evaluations and imaging, but rely solely on clinical findings. This approach does not allow an optimal disease staging especially in orthopaedics.

  2. Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) type I: historical perspective and critical issues

    PubMed Central

    Iolascon, Giovanni; de Sire, Alessandro; Moretti, Antimo; Gimigliano, Francesca

    2015-01-01

    Summary The history of algodystrophy is controversial and its denomination has changed significantly over time. Silas Weir Mitchell described several cases of causalgia due to gunshot wounds that occurred during the American Civil War, increasing knowledge about this clinical condition. A later key milestone in the history of CRPS is tied to the name of Paul Sudeck that, using X-ray examinations, described findings of bone atrophy following a traumatic event or infection of the upper limb. The most widely accepted pathogenic hypothesis, proposed by Rene Leriche, supported a key role of the sympathetic nervous system in the onset of the typical clinical picture of the disease, which was thus defined as “reflex sympathetic dystrophy”. In the 50s John J. Bonica proposed a staging of CRPS. In a consensus conference held in Budapest in 2003, it was proposed a new classification system that included the presence of at least two clinical signs included in the four categories and at least three symptoms in its four categories. There have been other classification systems proposed for the diagnosis of CRPS, such as Veldman diagnostic criteria based on the presence of at least 4 signs and symptoms of the disease associated with a worsening of the same following the use of the limb and their location in the same area distal to the one that suffered the injury. On the other hand, the Atkins diagnostic criteria are much more objective than those proposed by IASP and are specifically applicable to an orthopaedic context. However, current classification systems and related criteria proposed to make a diagnosis of CRPS, do not include instrumental evaluations and imaging, but rely solely on clinical findings. This approach does not allow an optimal disease staging especially in orthopaedics. PMID:27134625

  3. Spectral Line Shapes in the ν_3 Q Branch of ^{12}CH_4 Near 3.3 μm

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Devi, V. Malathy; Benner, D. Chris; Gamache, Robert R.; Smith, Mary Ann H.; Sams, Robert L.

    2017-06-01

    Detailed knowledge of spectroscopic parameters for prominent Q branches of methane is necessary for interpretation and modeling of high resolution infrared spectra of terrestrial and planetary atmospheres. We have measured air-broadened line shape parameters in the Q branch of ^{12}CH_4 in the ν_3 fundamental band for a large number of transitions in the 3000 to 3023 cm^{-1} region by analyzing 13 room-temperature laboratory absorption spectra. Twelve of these spectra were recorded with 0.01 cm^{-1} resolution using the McMath-Pierce Fourier transform spectrometer (FTS) of the National Solar Observatory (NSO) on Kitt Peak, and one higher-resolution (˜0.0011 cm^{-1}) low pressure (˜1 Torr) spectrum of methane was obtained using the Bruker IFS 120HR FTS at the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) in Richland, WA. The air-broadened spectra were recorded using various absorption cells with path lengths of 5, 20, 25, and 150 cm, total sample pressures between 50 and 500 Torr, and CH_4 volume mixing ratios of 0.01 or less. All 13 spectra were fit simultaneously covering the 3000-3023 cm^{-1} spectral region using a multispectrum nonlinear least squares technique to retrieve accurate line positions, absolute intensities, Lorentz air-broadened widths and pressure-shift coefficients. Line mixing using the off-diagonal relaxation matrix element formalism was measured for a number of pairs of transitions for the CH_4-air collisional system. The results will be compared to values reported in the literature. D. C. Benner, C. P. Rinsland, V. Malathy Devi, M. A. H. Smith, D. Atkins, JQSRT 53 (1995) 705-721. A. Levy, N. Lacome, C. Chackerian, Collisional line mixing, in Spectroscopy of the Earth's Atmosphere and Interstellar Medium, Academic Press, Inc., Boston (1992) 261-337.

  4. Line Parameters of the PH_3 Pentad in the 4-5 μm Region

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Devi, V. Malathy; Benner, D. Chris; Kleiner, I.; Sams, R. L.; Blake, T. A.; Brown, Linda R.; Fletcher, L. N.

    2012-06-01

    Line positions, intensities and line shape parameters are reported for four bands of phosphine between 2150 and 2400 cm-1 in order to improve the spectroscopic database for remote sensing of the giant planets. Knowledge of PH_3 in this spectral region is important for Cassini/VIMS exploration of dynamics and chemistry on Saturn, as well as for interpreting the near-IR data from Juno and ESA's proposed Jupiter mission. For this study, five high-resolution (0.0023 cm-1), high signal-to-noise (>2000) spectra of pure PH_3 were recorded at room temperature (298.2 K) with the Bruker IFS 125HR Fourier transform spectrometer at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. Individual line parameters were retrieved by multispectrum fitting of all five spectra simultaneously. Positions and intensities were measured for over 3100 transitions. The rotational quantum numbers of measured lines go as high as J''=16 and K''=15 in the ν_3 and ν_1 bands; some lines of the weaker bands 2ν_4 and ν_2+ν_4 are also reported. The measured positions and intensities are compared to new theoretical calculations of the pentad. Lorentz self-broadened width and pressure-induced shift coefficients of many transitions were also obtained, along with speed dependence parameters. Line mixing coefficients were determined for several A+A- pairs of transitions for K''=3, 6, and 9. Research described in this paper was performed at the College of William and Mary and the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under contracts and cooperative agreements with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. L. Fletcher acknowledges support from a Glasstone Science Fellowship. D. C. Benner, C. P. Rinsland, V. Malathy Devi, M. A. H. Smith and D. A. Atkins, JQSRT 53 (1995) 705-721.

  5. A randomized trial of a low-carbohydrate diet for obesity.

    PubMed

    Foster, Gary D; Wyatt, Holly R; Hill, James O; McGuckin, Brian G; Brill, Carrie; Mohammed, B Selma; Szapary, Philippe O; Rader, Daniel J; Edman, Joel S; Klein, Samuel

    2003-05-22

    Despite the popularity of the low-carbohydrate, high-protein, high-fat (Atkins) diet, no randomized, controlled trials have evaluated its efficacy. We conducted a one-year, multicenter, controlled trial involving 63 obese men and women who were randomly assigned to either a low-carbohydrate, high-protein, high-fat diet or a low-calorie, high-carbohydrate, low-fat (conventional) diet. Professional contact was minimal to replicate the approach used by most dieters. Subjects on the low-carbohydrate diet had lost more weight than subjects on the conventional diet at 3 months (mean [+/-SD], -6.8+/-5.0 vs. -2.7+/-3.7 percent of body weight; P=0.001) and 6 months (-7.0+/-6.5 vs. -3.2+/-5.6 percent of body weight, P=0.02), but the difference at 12 months was not significant (-4.4+/-6.7 vs. -2.5+/-6.3 percent of body weight, P=0.26). After three months, no significant differences were found between the groups in total or low-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations. The increase in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations and the decrease in triglyceride concentrations were greater among subjects on the low-carbohydrate diet than among those on the conventional diet throughout most of the study. Both diets significantly decreased diastolic blood pressure and the insulin response to an oral glucose load. The low-carbohydrate diet produced a greater weight loss (absolute difference, approximately 4 percent) than did the conventional diet for the first six months, but the differences were not significant at one year. The low-carbohydrate diet was associated with a greater improvement in some risk factors for coronary heart disease. Adherence was poor and attrition was high in both groups. Longer and larger studies are required to determine the long-term safety and efficacy of low-carbohydrate, high-protein, high-fat diets. Copyright 2003 Massachusetts Medical Society

  6. High-protein, low-fat diets are effective for weight loss and favorably alter biomarkers in healthy adults.

    PubMed

    Johnston, Carol S; Tjonn, Sherrie L; Swan, Pamela D

    2004-03-01

    Although popular and effective for weight loss, low-carbohydrate, high-protein, high-fat (Atkins) diets have been associated with adverse changes in blood and renal biomarkers. High-protein diets low in fat may represent an equally appealing diet plan but promote a more healthful weight loss. Healthy adults (n = 20) were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 low-fat (<30% energy), energy-restricted groups: high-protein (30% energy) or high-carbohydrate (60% energy); 24-h intakes were strictly controlled during the 6-wk trial. One subject from each group did not complete the trial due to out-of-state travel; two subjects in the high-carbohydrate group withdrew from the trial due to extreme hunger. Body composition and metabolic indices were assessed pre- and post-trial. Both diets were equally effective at reducing body weight (-6%, P < 0.05) and fat mass (-9 to -11%, P < 0.05); however, subjects consuming the high-protein diet reported more satisfaction and less hunger in mo 1 of the trial. Both diets significantly lowered total cholesterol (-10 to -12%), insulin (-25%), and uric acid (-22 to -30%) concentrations in blood from fasting subjects. Urinary calcium excretion increased 42% in subjects consuming the high-protein diet, mirroring the 50% increase in dietary calcium with consumption of this diet; thus, apparent calcium balance was not adversely affected. Creatinine clearance was not altered by diet treatments, and nitrogen balance was more positive in subjects consuming the high-protein diet vs. the high-carbohydrate diet (3.9 +/- 1.4 and 0.7 +/- 1.7 g N/d, respectively, P < 0.05). Thus, low-fat, energy-restricted diets of varying protein content (15 or 30% energy) promoted healthful weight loss, but diet satisfaction was greater in those consuming the high-protein diet.

  7. A Review of Traditional and Novel Treatments for Seizures in Autism Spectrum Disorder: Findings from a Systematic Review and Expert Panel

    PubMed Central

    Frye, Richard E.; Rossignol, Daniel; Casanova, Manuel F.; Brown, Gregory L.; Martin, Victoria; Edelson, Stephen; Coben, Robert; Lewine, Jeffrey; Slattery, John C.; Lau, Chrystal; Hardy, Paul; Fatemi, S. Hossein; Folsom, Timothy D.; MacFabe, Derrick; Adams, James B.

    2013-01-01

    Despite the fact that seizures are commonly associated with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), the effectiveness of treatments for seizures has not been well studied in individuals with ASD. This manuscript reviews both traditional and novel treatments for seizures associated with ASD. Studies were selected by systematically searching major electronic databases and by a panel of experts that treat ASD individuals. Only a few anti-epileptic drugs (AEDs) have undergone carefully controlled trials in ASD, but these trials examined outcomes other than seizures. Several lines of evidence point to valproate, lamotrigine, and levetiracetam as the most effective and tolerable AEDs for individuals with ASD. Limited evidence supports the use of traditional non-AED treatments, such as the ketogenic and modified Atkins diet, multiple subpial transections, immunomodulation, and neurofeedback treatments. Although specific treatments may be more appropriate for specific genetic and metabolic syndromes associated with ASD and seizures, there are few studies which have documented the effectiveness of treatments for seizures for specific syndromes. Limited evidence supports l-carnitine, multivitamins, and N-acetyl-l-cysteine in mitochondrial disease and dysfunction, folinic acid in cerebral folate abnormalities and early treatment with vigabatrin in tuberous sclerosis complex. Finally, there is limited evidence for a number of novel treatments, particularly magnesium with pyridoxine, omega-3 fatty acids, the gluten-free casein-free diet, and low-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic simulation. Zinc and l-carnosine are potential novel treatments supported by basic research but not clinical studies. This review demonstrates the wide variety of treatments used to treat seizures in individuals with ASD as well as the striking lack of clinical trials performed to support the use of these treatments. Additional studies concerning these treatments for controlling seizures in individuals

  8. Propionibacterium acnes CAMP Factor and Host Acid Sphingomyelinase Contribute to Bacterial Virulence: Potential Targets for Inflammatory Acne Treatment

    PubMed Central

    Nakatsuji, Teruaki; Tang, De-chu C.; Zhang, Liangfang; Gallo, Richard L.; Huang, Chun-Ming

    2011-01-01

    Background In the progression of acne vulgaris, the disruption of follicular epithelia by an over-growth of Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes) permits the bacteria to spread and become in contact with various skin and immune cells. Methodology/Principal Findings We have demonstrated in the present study that the Christie, Atkins, Munch-Peterson (CAMP) factor of P. acnes is a secretory protein with co-hemolytic activity with sphingomyelinase that can confer cytotoxicity to HaCaT keratinocytes and RAW264.7 macrophages. The CAMP factor from bacteria and acid sphingomyelinase (ASMase) from the host cells were simultaneously present in the culture supernatant only when the cells were co-cultured with P. acnes. Either anti-CAMP factor serum or desipramine, a selective ASMase inhibitor, significantly abrogated the P. acnes-induced cell death of HaCaT and RAW264.7 cells. Intradermal injection of ICR mouse ears with live P. acnes induced considerable ear inflammation, macrophage infiltration, and an increase in cellular soluble ASMase. Suppression of ASMase by systemic treatment with desipramine significantly reduced inflammatory reaction induced by intradermal injection with P. acnes, suggesting the contribution of host ASMase in P. acnes-induced inflammatory reaction in vivo. Vaccination of mice with CAMP factor elicited a protective immunity against P. acnes-induced ear inflammation, indicating the involvement of CAMP factor in P. acnes-induced inflammation. Most notably, suppression of both bacterial CAMP factor and host ASMase using vaccination and specific antibody injection, respectively, cooperatively alleviated P. acnes-induced inflammation. Conclusions/Significance These findings envision a novel infectious mechanism by which P. acnes CAMP factor may hijack host ASMase to amplify bacterial virulence to degrade and invade host cells. This work has identified both CAMP factor and ASMase as potential molecular targets for the development of drugs and vaccines against

  9. A review of traditional and novel treatments for seizures in autism spectrum disorder: findings from a systematic review and expert panel.

    PubMed

    Frye, Richard E; Rossignol, Daniel; Casanova, Manuel F; Brown, Gregory L; Martin, Victoria; Edelson, Stephen; Coben, Robert; Lewine, Jeffrey; Slattery, John C; Lau, Chrystal; Hardy, Paul; Fatemi, S Hossein; Folsom, Timothy D; Macfabe, Derrick; Adams, James B

    2013-09-13

    Despite the fact that seizures are commonly associated with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), the effectiveness of treatments for seizures has not been well studied in individuals with ASD. This manuscript reviews both traditional and novel treatments for seizures associated with ASD. Studies were selected by systematically searching major electronic databases and by a panel of experts that treat ASD individuals. Only a few anti-epileptic drugs (AEDs) have undergone carefully controlled trials in ASD, but these trials examined outcomes other than seizures. Several lines of evidence point to valproate, lamotrigine, and levetiracetam as the most effective and tolerable AEDs for individuals with ASD. Limited evidence supports the use of traditional non-AED treatments, such as the ketogenic and modified Atkins diet, multiple subpial transections, immunomodulation, and neurofeedback treatments. Although specific treatments may be more appropriate for specific genetic and metabolic syndromes associated with ASD and seizures, there are few studies which have documented the effectiveness of treatments for seizures for specific syndromes. Limited evidence supports l-carnitine, multivitamins, and N-acetyl-l-cysteine in mitochondrial disease and dysfunction, folinic acid in cerebral folate abnormalities and early treatment with vigabatrin in tuberous sclerosis complex. Finally, there is limited evidence for a number of novel treatments, particularly magnesium with pyridoxine, omega-3 fatty acids, the gluten-free casein-free diet, and low-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic simulation. Zinc and l-carnosine are potential novel treatments supported by basic research but not clinical studies. This review demonstrates the wide variety of treatments used to treat seizures in individuals with ASD as well as the striking lack of clinical trials performed to support the use of these treatments. Additional studies concerning these treatments for controlling seizures in individuals

  10. Sex differences in the composition of weight gain and loss in overweight and obese adults.

    PubMed

    Millward, D Joe; Truby, Helen; Fox, Kenneth R; Livingstone, M Barbara E; Macdonald, Ian A; Tothill, Peter

    2014-03-14

    Sex differences in the ratio of fat mass (FM):fat-free mass (FFM) during weight change should differentially affect the extent of weight change during energy imbalance in men and women. In the present study, we determined FM and FFM contents by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and calculated the P-ratios (protein energy/total energy) of excess weight and weight loss during a randomised controlled trial of four commercial weight loss regimens. Overweight and obese women (n 210) and men (n 77) were studied at baseline and at 2 and 6 months during weight loss on four dietary regimens: Dr Atkins' New Diet Revolution; The Slim-Fast Plan; Weight-Watchers programme; Rosemary Conley's Diet and Fitness Plan. At baseline, the percentage of FFM (%FFM) and P-ratios of excess weight were 40 % and 0·071 for men and 27 % and 0·039 for women. At 2 months, men had lost twice as much weight as women and three times more FFM than women, indicating higher FFM content and P-ratios of weight loss for men, 0·052, than for women, 0·029, with no dietary effects. Between 2 and 6 months, the rate at which weight was lost decreased and the %FFM of weight loss decreased to similar low levels in men (7 %) and women (5 %): i.e. P-ratios of 0·009 and 0·006, respectively, with no dietary effects. Thus, for men compared with women, there were greater FFM content and P-ratios of weight change, which could partly, but not completely, explain their greater weight loss at 2 months. However, protein-conserving adaptations occur with increasing weight loss and over time, more extensively in men, eventually eliminating any sex difference in the composition of weight loss.

  11. Line Parameters of Carbon Dioxide in the 4850 CM-1 Region

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Benner, D. Chris; Devi, V. Malathy; Nugent, Emily; Sung, Keeyoon; Brown, Linda R.; Miller, Charles E.; Toth, Robert A.

    2011-06-01

    The spectral region near 4850 Cm-1 is used to monitor atmospheric carbon dioxide, but current accuracies of the line intensities and line shape coefficients do not permit carbon dioxide mixing ratios to be obtained to 1 ppm (about one part in 400). To improve the line parameters, we are remeasuring the prominent CO2 bands in this region specifically to characterize the non-Voigt effects of line mixing and speed dependence at room temperature. The laboratory spectra of air- and self-broadened CO2 have been recorded at a variety of pressures, path lengths, mixing ratios and resolutions (0.005 to 0.01 Cm-1) with two different Fourier transform spectrometers (the McMath-Pierce FTS at Kitt Peak and a Bruker 125 HR FTS at JPL). The line parameters of some 2000 transitions are being derived by simultaneous multispectrum fitting using a few dozen spectra encompassing a 230 Cm-1 wide spectral interval. The rovibrational constants for line positions and the band intensities and Herman-Wallis coefficients are being retrieved directly from the spectra, rather than floating positions and intensities individually. Self and foreign Lorentz widths and pressure shifts are being determined for the stronger bands while non-Voigt coefficients describing line mixing and speed dependence are being obtained for at least one of the strongest bands. D. Chris Benner, C. P. Rinsland, V. M. Devi, M. A. H. Smith, and D. A. Atkins, JQSRT 1995;53:705-21. V. M. Devi, D. Chris Benner, L. R. Brown, C. E. Miller, and R. A. Toth, J. Mol. Spectrosc. 2007;245:52-80. Part of the research described in this paper was performed at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under contracts and cooperative agreements with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Support for the work at William and Mary was provided by contracts with JPL.

  12. Apoptosis induced by a low-carbohydrate and high-protein diet in rat livers.

    PubMed

    Monteiro, Maria Emília L; Xavier, Analucia R; Oliveira, Felipe L; Filho, Porphirio Js; Azeredo, Vilma B

    2016-06-14

    To determine whether high-protein, high-fat, and low-carbohydrate diets can cause lesions in rat livers. We randomly divided 20 female Wistar rats into a control diet group and an experimental diet group. Animals in the control group received an AIN-93M diet, and animals in the experimental group received an Atkins-based diet (59.46% protein, 31.77% fat, and 8.77% carbohydrate). After 8 wk, the rats were anesthetized and exsanguinated for transaminases analysis, and their livers were removed for flow cytometry, immunohistochemistry, and light microscopy studies. We expressed the data as mean ± standard deviation (SD) assuming unpaired and parametric data; we analyzed differences using the Student's t-test. Statistical significance was set at P < 0.05. We found that plasma alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase levels were significantly higher in the experimental group than in the control group. According to flow cytometry, the percentages of nonviable cells were 11.67% ± 1.12% for early apoptosis, 12.07% ± 1.11% for late apoptosis, and 7.11% ± 0.44% for non-apoptotic death in the experimental diet group and 3.73% ± 0.50% for early apoptosis, 5.67% ± 0.72% for late apoptosis, and 3.82% ± 0.28% for non-apoptotic death in the control diet group. The mean percentage of early apoptosis was higher in the experimental diet group than in the control diet group. Immunohistochemistry for autophagy was negative in both groups. Sinusoidal dilation around the central vein and small hepatocytes was only observed in the experimental diet group, and fibrosis was not identified by hematoxylin-eosin or Trichrome Masson staining in either group. Eight weeks of an experimental diet resulted in cellular and histopathological lesions in rat livers. Apoptosis was our principal finding; elevated plasma transaminases demonstrate hepatic lesions.

  13. Low-carbohydrate, high-fat diets have sex-specific effects on bone health in rats.

    PubMed

    Zengin, Ayse; Kropp, Benedikt; Chevalier, Yan; Junnila, Riia; Sustarsic, Elahu; Herbach, Nadja; Fanelli, Flaminia; Mezzullo, Marco; Milz, Stefan; Bidlingmaier, Martin; Bielohuby, Maximilian

    2016-10-01

    Studies in humans suggest that consumption of low-carbohydrate, high-fat diets (LC-HF) could be detrimental for growth and bone health. In young male rats, LC-HF diets negatively affect bone health by impairing the growth hormone/insulin-like growth factor axis (GH/IGF axis), while the effects in female rats remain unknown. Therefore, we investigated whether sex-specific effects of LC-HF diets on bone health exist. Twelve-week-old male and female Wistar rats were isoenergetically pair-fed either a control diet (CD), "Atkins-style" protein-matched diet (LC-HF-1), or ketogenic low-protein diet (LC-HF-2) for 4 weeks. In females, microcomputed tomography and histomorphometry analyses were performed on the distal femur. Sex hormones were analysed with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, and endocrine parameters including GH and IGF-I were measured by immunoassay. Trabecular bone volume, serum IGF-I and the bone formation marker P1NP were lower in male rats fed both LC-HF diets versus CD. LC-HF diets did not impair bone health in female rats, with no change in trabecular or cortical bone volume nor in serum markers of bone turnover between CD versus both LC-HF diet groups. Pituitary GH secretion was lower in female rats fed LC-HF diet, with no difference in circulating IGF-I. Circulating sex hormone concentrations remained unchanged in male and female rats fed LC-HF diets. A 4-week consumption of LC-HF diets has sex-specific effects on bone health-with no effects in adult female rats yet negative effects in adult male rats. This response seems to be driven by a sex-specific effect of LC-HF diets on the GH/IGF system.

  14. A bill to designate the facility of the United States Postal Service located at 14 Red River Avenue North in Cold Spring, Minnesota, as the "Officer Tommy Decker Memorial Post Office".

    THOMAS, 113th Congress

    Sen. Klobuchar, Amy [D-MN

    2014-06-18

    Senate - 06/18/2014 Read twice and referred to the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs. (All Actions) Notes: For further action, see H.R.43, which became Public Law 113-204 on 12/16/2014. Tracker: This bill has the status IntroducedHere are the steps for Status of Legislation:

  15. Neuroactive Peptides as Putative Mediators of Antiepileptic Ketogenic Diets

    PubMed Central

    Giordano, Carmela; Marchiò, Maddalena; Timofeeva, Elena; Biagini, Giuseppe

    2014-01-01

    Various ketogenic diet (KD) therapies, including classic KD, medium chain triglyceride administration, low glycemic index treatment, and a modified Atkins diet, have been suggested as useful in patients affected by pharmacoresistant epilepsy. A common goal of these approaches is to achieve an adequate decrease in the plasma glucose level combined with ketogenesis, in order to mimic the metabolic state of fasting. Although several metabolic hypotheses have been advanced to explain the anticonvulsant effect of KDs, including changes in the plasma levels of ketone bodies, polyunsaturated fatty acids, and brain pH, direct modulation of neurotransmitter release, especially purinergic (i.e., adenosine) and γ-aminobutyric acidergic neurotransmission, was also postulated. Neuropeptides and peptide hormones are potent modulators of synaptic activity, and their levels are regulated by metabolic states. This is the case for neuroactive peptides such as neuropeptide Y, galanin, cholecystokinin, and peptide hormones such as leptin, adiponectin, and growth hormone-releasing peptides (GHRPs). In particular, the GHRP ghrelin and its related peptide des-acyl ghrelin are well-known controllers of energy homeostasis, food intake, and lipid metabolism. Notably, ghrelin has also been shown to regulate the neuronal excitability and epileptic activation of neuronal networks. Several lines of evidence suggest that GHRPs are upregulated in response to starvation and, particularly, in patients affected by anorexia and cachexia, all conditions in which also ketone bodies are upregulated. Moreover, starvation and anorexia nervosa are accompanied by changes in other peptide hormones such as adiponectin, which has received less attention. Adipocytokines such as adiponectin have also been involved in modulating epileptic activity. Thus, neuroactive peptides whose plasma levels and activity change in the presence of ketogenesis might be potential candidates for elucidating the neurohormonal

  16. Determination of virulence and antibiotic resistance pattern of biofilm producing Listeria species isolated from retail raw milk.

    PubMed

    Osman, Kamelia M; Samir, Ahmed; Abo-Shama, Usama H; Mohamed, Essam H; Orabi, Ahmed; Zolnikov, Tara

    2016-11-08

    One of the foodborne pathogens is Listeria monocytogenes, which causes serious invasive illness in elderly and immunocompromised patients, pregnant women, newborns and infants ranking second after salmonellosis because of its high case fatality rate. Listerial cow mastitis marked by abnormal milk, increased cell counts and reduced production has not been reported. Therefore, apparently healthy cows can be reservoirs of L. monocytogenes. A number of 203 udder milk samples from apparently healthy animals (buffalo, n = 100; cow, n = 103) were collected and tested for Listeria. Isolated colonies on the PALCAM agar were Listeria species confirmed according to their biochemical and the Christie-Atkins-Munch-Petersen (CAMP) reactions. The Listeria species pathogenicity of was tested by phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C, DL-alanine-β-naphthylamide HCl, Dalanine-p-nitroanilide tests, chick embryo, mice inoculation tests, Vero cell cytotoxicity and biofilm formation. The virulence-associated genes, hlyA, plcB, actA and iap associated with Listeria were molecularly assayed. The 17 isolated Listeria spp. represented a prevalence rate of 8.4 %. Of these 3 (1.4 %), 2 (1 %), 5 (2.5 %), 4 (2 %) and 3 (1.5 %) were confirmed as L. monocytogenes, L. innocua, L. welshimeri, L. seelegeri, respectively. While the L. monocytogenes isolate displayed all the four virulence-associated genes, L. seelegeri carried the hlyA gene only. The L. monocytogenes had a strong in vitro affinity to form a biofilm, in particular serotype 4 which is associated with human infections. L. monocytogenes showed resistance for 9/27 antibiotics. The biofilm forming capability of the Listeria spps. makes them particularly successful in colonizing surfaces within the host thus being responsible for persistence infections and due to their antimicrobial resistant phenotype that this structure confers. In addition, strains belonging to serotypes associated with human infections and

  17. Line Positions and Intensities for the ν12 Band of 13C12CH_6

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Devi, V. Malathy; Benner, D. Chris; Sung, Keeyoon; Crawford, Timothy J.; Mantz, Arlan; Smith, Mary Ann H.

    2014-06-01

    High-resolution, high signal-to-noise spectra of mono-substituted 13C-ethane (13C12CH_6) in the 12.2 μm region were recorded with a Bruker IFS 125HR Fourier transform spectrometer. The spectra were obtained for four sample pressures at three different temperatures between 130 and 208 K using a 99% 13C-enriched ethane sample contained in a 20.38-cm long coolable absorption cell. A multispectrum nonlinear least squares fitting technique was used to fit the same intervals in the four spectra simultaneously to determine line positions and intensities. Similar to our previous analyses of 12C_2H_6 spectra in this same region, constraints were applied to accurately fit each pair of doublet components arising from torsional Coriolis interaction of the excited ν12 = 1 state with the nearby torsional ν_6 = 3 state. Line intensities corresponding to each spectrum temperature (130 K, 178 K and 208 K) are reported for 1660 ν12 absorption lines for which the assignments are known, and integrated intensities are estimated as the summation of the measured values. The measured line positions and intensities (re-scaled to 296 K) are compared with values in recent editions of spectroscopic databases. K. Sung, A. W. Mantz, L. R. Brown, et al., J. Mol. Spectrosc., 162 (2010) 124-134. D. C. Benner, C. P. Rinsland, V. Malathy Devi, M. A. H. Smith and D. Atkins, JQSRT, 53 (1995) 705-721. V. Malathy Devi, C. P. Rinsland, D. Chris Benner, et al., JQSRT, 111 (2010) 1234-1251 V. Malathy Devi, D. Chris Benner, C. P. Rinsland, et al., JQSRT, 111 (2010) 2481-2504. Research described in this paper was performed at Connecticut College, the College of William and Mary, NASA Langley Research Center and the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under contracts and cooperative agreements with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration.

  18. Diagnostic accuracy of a standardized scheme for identification of Streptococcus uberis in quarter milk samples: A comparison between conventional bacteriological examination, modified Rambach agar medium culturing, and 16S rRNA gene sequencing.

    PubMed

    Wald, Regina; Baumgartner, Martina; Urbantke, Verena; Stessl, Beatrix; Wittek, Thomas

    2017-02-01

    Bacteriological examination of milk samples is a prerequisite for pathogen-specific therapy and aids in limiting antimicrobial resistance. The aims of this study were to establish a standardized scheme for reliable Streptococcus uberis identification in routine diagnosis and to evaluate the accuracy of conventional tests and growing patterns of Strep. uberis on a selective medium (modified Rambach agar medium, MRAM) using 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis as a reference method. We obtained isolates of presumptive Strep. uberis (n = 336) from quarter milk samples of dairy cows with intramammary infections and classified the isolates into 2 clusters using biochemical characterization. In cluster 1 (n = 280), cocci grew as non-hemolytic colonies, hydrolyzing esculin, carrying no Lancefield antigen (A/B/C/D/G) or Christie Atkins Munch-Petersen factor, and their growth was inhibited on an Enterococcus agar. Production of β-d-galactosidase on MRAM was shown by 257 of the cluster 1 isolates (91.79%), and 16S rRNA gene sequencing verified 271 (96.79%) of the isolates to be Strep. uberis. In 264 isolates (94.29%), MRAM agreed with the sequencing results. In cluster 2 (n = 56), isolates showed different characteristics: 37 (66.07%) were β-d-galactosidase-positive, and based on 16S sequencing results, 36 (64.29%) were identified correctly as Strep. uberis using biochemical methods. Identification success in this group differed significantly between routine diagnosis and MRAM application: MRAM agreed with sequencing results in 47 isolates (83.93%). To identify Strep. uberis and differentiate it from other lactic acid bacteria in routine diagnosis, we suggest using catalase reaction, hemolysis, esculin hydrolysis, and growth on enterococci agar. Isolates that show a typical biochemical profile can be identified satisfactorily with these tests. For Strep. uberis isolates with divergent patterns, application of MRAM as a follow-up test increased the diagnostic accuracy to 94

  19. Field Marks of a Celebration: Roger Tory Peterson's Centennial Birthday

    USGS Publications Warehouse

    Dunlap, J.; Robbins, C.S.

    2008-01-01

    A red letter day in my life was April 27, 1934, the day I first met Roger. A birding friend, Elisha Atkins, had invited Clinton Reynolds and me to dinner to meet a famous ornithologist. We would all be going on a field trip to Newburyport on the Massachusetts coast the next day. The dinner conversation revolved about a new field guide that Mr. Peterson had just completed and that would be available in a few days. I couldn?t wait to see it! I had been birding since 1930, keying out live birds with Chapman?s Handbook of Birds of Eastern North America (1912) and Hoffman?s Guide to the Birds of New England and Eastern New York (1904). Both books had extensive keys based on color, size, bill shape and season, and pictures of heads or feet of some species. Positive bird identification was a long and tedious process. The field trip the next day with Roger was memorable, not for finding any rare or unusual birds, but for learning how to identify birds to species at a single good glance. I recall asking Roger if he could find a ring-billed gull among a group of gulls resting on a roof beside the Merrimac River. He immediately said, ?No there aren?t any ring-bills there; they would be immediately apparent by their slimmer shape.? There was no need to check the foot color on each bird. While it is easy to say that Roger revolutionized field guides, I truly believe there are few people worldwide under the age of 90 who can really appreciate the difference between the old way of keying out birds and the instant recognition promoted by the Peterson system. Today we take for granted that amateurs can identify birds accurately. Monitoring bird populations by Breeding Bird Surveys, atlas studies, Breeding Bird Censuses, migration banding, and many other studies relies on it. None of these would be possible if we were still keying out live birds using books designed to identify dead birds in the hand.

  20. Immune cell and transcriptomic analysis of the human decidua in term and preterm parturition

    PubMed Central

    Rinaldi, S.F.; Makieva, S; Saunders, P.T.; Rossi, A.G.; Norman, J.E.

    2017-01-01

    Research Council (grant number MR/L002657/1) and Tommy's, the baby charity. Jane Norman has had research grants from the charity Tommy's and from the National Institute for Health Research on PTB during the lifetime of this project. Jane Norman also sits on a data monitoring committee for GSK for a study on PTB prevention and her institution receives financial recompense for this. The other authors do not have any conflicts of interest to declare. PMID:28962035

  1. INTRODUCTION: Physics of Low-dimensional Systems: Nobel Symposium 73

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Lundqvist, Stig

    1989-01-01

    Tercentenary Fund of the Bank of Sweden and The Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation. Additional support was obtained from the Royal Academy of Sciences, the Nordic Institute for Theoretical Atomic Physics (NORDITA), Chalmers University of Technology and Gothenburg University. To arrange a Nobel Symposium on such hot topics is an open invitation for criticism and trouble. The organizers tried their best to select a few topics of current interest in order to generate a strong interaction between participants and to stimulate a good discussion. I would like to express our apologies to all these prominent scientists who could not be invited because of the small format of the Symposium and the planning of the organizers. These Proceedings contain most of the material presented at the Symposium. A few participants found it inconvenient to prepare a full length paper, which would just have been a modified version of material to appear in regular journals. Others might have felt that a conference proceeding be too slow a medium in comparison with e.g. the New York Times. On the whole however these proceedings give a good report of the science discussed during the Symposium. We would like to place on record our sincere thanks to the participants who contributed substantially in the planning by making valuable suggestions about participants and topics. In particular, Bob Schrieffer did a great job in organizing the programme and effectively to run the Symposium. My co-organizers played a crucial role in the planning and during the Symposium week. Our secretary, Yvonne Steen, deserves our very special thanks for her outstanding work. I would finally like to say something about Gräftåvallen and our hosts, Annica and Tommy Hagström. We decided to take the Symposium out of academia and chose this charming tiny mountain resort on a mountain slope in the northern Swedish mountains about 20 miles from the nearest village. Annica and Tommy Hagström welcomed us with such warm hospitality

  2. Origin and Evolution of the Elements

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    McWilliam, Andrew; Rauch, Michael

    2004-09-01

    Introduction; List of participants; 1. Mount Wilson Observatory contributions to the study of cosmic abundances of the chemical elements George W. Preston; 2. Synthesis of the elements in stars: B2FH and beyond E. Margaret Burbidge; 3. Stellar nucleosynthesis: a status report 2003 David Arnett; 4. Advances in r-process nucleosynthesis John J. Cowan and Christopher Sneden; 5. Element yields of intermediate-mass stars Richard B. C. Henry; 6. The impact of rotation on chemical abundances in red giant branch stars Corinne Charbonnel; 7. s-processing in AGB stars and the composition of carbon stars Maurizio Busso, Oscar Straniero, Roberto Gallino, and Carlos Abia; 8. Models of chemical evolution Francesca Matteucci; 9. Model atmospheres and stellar abundance analysis Bengt Gustafsson; 10. The light elements: lithium, beryllium, and boron Ann Merchant Boesgaard; 11. Extremely metal-poor stars John E. Norris; 12. Thin and thick galactic disks Poul E. Nissen; 13. Globular clusters and halo field stars Christopher Sneden, Inese I. Ivans and Jon P. Fulbright; 14. Chemical evolution in ω Centauri Verne V. Smith; 15. Chemical composition of the Magellanic Clouds, from young to old stars Vanessa Hill; 16. Detailed composition of stars in dwarf spheroidal galaxies Matthew D. Shetrone; 17. The evolutionary history of Local Group irregular galaxies Eva K. Grebel; 18. Chemical evolution of the old stellar populations of M31 R. Michael Rich; 19. Stellar winds of hot massive stars nearby and beyond the Local Group Fabio Bresolin and Rolf P. Kudritzki; 20. Presolar stardust grains Donald D. Clayton and Larry R. Nittler; 21. Interstellar dust B. T. Draine; 22. Interstellar atomic abundances Edward B. Jenkins; 23. Molecules in the interstellar medium Tommy Wiklind; 24. Metal ejection by galactic winds Crystal L. Martin; 25. Abundances from the integrated light of globular clusters and galaxies Scott C. Trager; 26. Abundances in spiral and irregular galaxies Donald R. Garnett; 27

  3. Effective Practices for Evaluating Education and Public Outreach Programs

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Wilkerson, S.

    2013-12-01

    Stephanie Baird Wilkerson, PhD Carol Haden EdD Magnolia Consulting,LLC Education and public outreach (EPO) program developers and providers seeking insights regarding effective practices for evaluating EPO activities programs benefit from understanding why evaluation is critical to the success of EPO activities and programs, what data collection methods are appropriate, and how to effectively communicate and report findings. Based on our extensive experience evaluating EPO programs, we will share lessons learned and examples of how these practices play out in actual evaluation studies. EPO program developers, providers, and evaluators must consider several factors that influence which evaluation designs and data collection methods will be most appropriate, given the nature of EPO programs. Effective evaluation practices of EPO programs take into account a program's phase of development, duration, and budget as well as a program's intended outcomes. EPO programs that are just beginning development will have different evaluation needs and priorities than will well-established programs. Effective evaluation practices consider the 'life' of a program with an evaluation design that supports a program's growth through various phases including development, revision and refinement, and completion. It would be premature and inappropriate to expect the attainment of longer-term outcomes of activities during program development phases or early stages of implementation. During program development, EPO providers should clearly define program outcomes that are feasible and appropriate given a program's scope and expected reach. In many respects, this directly relates to the amount of time, or duration, intended audiences participate in EPO programs. As program duration increases so does the likelihood that the program can achieve longer-term outcomes. When choosing which outcomes are reasonable to impact and measure, program duration should be considered. Effective evaluation

  4. Fad diets and their effect on urinary stone formation.

    PubMed

    Nouvenne, Antonio; Ticinesi, Andrea; Morelli, Ilaria; Guida, Loredana; Borghi, Loris; Meschi, Tiziana

    2014-09-01

    The influence of unhealthy dietary habits on urinary stone formation has been widely recognized in literature. Dietary advice is indeed the cornerstone prescription for prevention of nephrolithiasis as well. However, only a small amount of medical literature has addressed the influence of popular or fad diets, often self-prescribed for the management of obesity and overweight or for cultural beliefs, on the risk of kidney stones. Thereby in this paper we analyze the current knowledge on the effects of some popular diets on overall lithogenic risk. High-protein diets, like Dukan diet, raise some concerns, since animal proteins are able to increase urinary calcium and to decrease urinary citrate excretion, thus leading to a high overall lithogenic risk. Low-carbohydrate diets, like Atkins diet or zone diet, may have a protective role against kidney stone formation, but there are also evidences stating that this dietary approach may rise calciuria and decrease citraturia, since it is generally associated to a relatively high intake of animal proteins. Vegan diet can be harmful for urinary stone disease, especially for the risk of hyperuricemia and micronutrient deficiencies, even if only few studies have addressed this specific matter. On the other side, the benefits of a lacto-ovo-vegetarian diet on kidney stone prevention have been largely emphasized, provided that the intake of calcium and oxalate is balanced. Traditional Mediterranean diet should exert a protective effect on nephrolithiasis as well, even if specific studies have not been carried out yet. High phytate and antioxidant content of this diet have however demonstrated to be beneficial in preventing the formation of new or recurrent calculi. Anyway, at the current state of knowledge, the most effective dietary approach to prevent kidney stone disease is a mild animal protein restriction, a balanced intake of carbohydrates and fats and a high intake of fruit and vegetables. Other fundamental aspects

  5. Fad diets and their effect on urinary stone formation

    PubMed Central

    Nouvenne, Antonio; Ticinesi, Andrea; Morelli, Ilaria; Guida, Loredana; Meschi, Tiziana

    2014-01-01

    The influence of unhealthy dietary habits on urinary stone formation has been widely recognized in literature. Dietary advice is indeed the cornerstone prescription for prevention of nephrolithiasis as well. However, only a small amount of medical literature has addressed the influence of popular or fad diets, often self-prescribed for the management of obesity and overweight or for cultural beliefs, on the risk of kidney stones. Thereby in this paper we analyze the current knowledge on the effects of some popular diets on overall lithogenic risk. High-protein diets, like Dukan diet, raise some concerns, since animal proteins are able to increase urinary calcium and to decrease urinary citrate excretion, thus leading to a high overall lithogenic risk. Low-carbohydrate diets, like Atkins diet or zone diet, may have a protective role against kidney stone formation, but there are also evidences stating that this dietary approach may rise calciuria and decrease citraturia, since it is generally associated to a relatively high intake of animal proteins. Vegan diet can be harmful for urinary stone disease, especially for the risk of hyperuricemia and micronutrient deficiencies, even if only few studies have addressed this specific matter. On the other side, the benefits of a lacto-ovo-vegetarian diet on kidney stone prevention have been largely emphasized, provided that the intake of calcium and oxalate is balanced. Traditional Mediterranean diet should exert a protective effect on nephrolithiasis as well, even if specific studies have not been carried out yet. High phytate and antioxidant content of this diet have however demonstrated to be beneficial in preventing the formation of new or recurrent calculi. Anyway, at the current state of knowledge, the most effective dietary approach to prevent kidney stone disease is a mild animal protein restriction, a balanced intake of carbohydrates and fats and a high intake of fruit and vegetables. Other fundamental aspects

  6. The case for low carbohydrate diets in diabetes management.

    PubMed

    Arora, Surender K; McFarlane, Samy I

    2005-07-14

    A low fat, high carbohydrate diet in combination with regular exercise is the traditional recommendation for treating diabetes. Compliance with these lifestyle modifications is less than satisfactory, however, and a high carbohydrate diet raises postprandial plasma glucose and insulin secretion, thereby increasing risk of CVD, hypertension, dyslipidemia, obesity and diabetes. Moreover, the current epidemic of diabetes and obesity has been, over the past three decades, accompanied by a significant decrease in fat consumption and an increase in carbohydrate consumption. This apparent failure of the traditional diet, from a public health point of view, indicates that alternative dietary approaches are needed. Because carbohydrate is the major secretagogue of insulin, some form of carbohydrate restriction is a prima facie candidate for dietary control of diabetes. Evidence from various randomized controlled trials in recent years has convinced us that such diets are safe and effective, at least in short-term. These data show low carbohydrate diets to be comparable or better than traditional low fat high carbohydrate diets for weight reduction, improvement in the dyslipidemia of diabetes and metabolic syndrome as well as control of blood pressure, postprandial glycemia and insulin secretion. Furthermore, the ability of low carbohydrate diets to reduce triglycerides and to increase HDL is of particular importance. Resistance to such strategies has been due, in part, to equating it with the popular Atkins diet. However, there are many variations and room for individual physician planning. Some form of low carbohydrate diet, in combination with exercise, is a viable option for patients with diabetes. However, the extreme reduction of carbohydrate of popular diets (<30 g/day) cannot be recommended for a diabetic population at this time without further study. On the other hand, the dire objections continually raised in the literature appear to have very little scientific

  7. A simplified noninvasive method to measure airway blood flow in humans.

    PubMed

    Wanner, Adam; Mendes, Eliana S; Atkins, Neal D

    2006-05-01

    Our laboratory has previously developed and validated a noninvasive soluble gas uptake method to measure airway blood flow (Qaw) in humans (Onorato DJ, Demirozu MC, Breitenbücher A, Atkins ND, Chediak AD, and Wanner A. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 149: 1132-1137, 1994; Scuri M, McCaskill V, Chediak AD, Abraham WM, and Wanner A. J Appl Physiol 79: 1386-1390, 1995). The method has the disadvantage of requiring eight breath-hold maneuvers for a single Qaw measurement, a complicated data analysis, and the inhalation of a potentially explosive gas mixture containing dimethylether (DME) and O2. Because of these shortcomings, the method thus far has not been used in other laboratories. We now simplified the method by having the subjects inhale 500 ml of a 10% DME-90% N2 gas mixture to fill the anatomical dead space, followed by a 5- or 15-s breath hold, and measuring the instantaneous DME and N2 concentrations and volume at the airway opening during the subsequent exhalation. From the difference in DME concentration in phase 1 of the expired N2 wash-in curve multiplied by the phase 1 dead space volume and divided by the mean DME concentration and the solubility coefficient for DME in tissue, Qaw can be calculated by using Fick's equation. We compared the new method to the validated old method in 10 healthy subjects and found mean +/- SE Qaw values of 34.6 +/- 2.3 and 34.6 +/- 2.8 microl.min(-1).ml(-1), respectively (r = 0.93; upper and lower 95% confidence limit +2.48 and -2.47). Using the new method, the mean coefficient of variation for two consecutive measurements was 4.4% (range 0-10.4%); inhalation of 1.2 mg albuterol caused a 53 +/- 14% increase in Qaw (P = 0.02) and inhalation of 2.4 mg methoxamine caused a 32 +/- 7% decrease in Qaw (P = 0.07). We conclude that the new method provides reliable values of and detects the expected changes in Qaw with vasoactive drugs. The simplicity and improved safety of the method should improve its acceptability for the noninvasive

  8. CHRONIC UCL INJURY: A MULTIMODAL APPROACH TO CORRECTING ALTERED MECHANICS AND IMPROVING HEALING IN A COLLEGE ATHLETE— A CASE REPORT

    PubMed Central

    Patrick, Rachel; McGinty, Josh; Lucado, Ann; Collier, Beth

    2016-01-01

    ABSTRACT Background Ulnar collateral ligament (UCL) tears and associated Tommy Johns surgical intervention from excessive and poor quality pitching has increased immensely—with more college and professional pitchers undergoing the surgery in 2014 alone than in the 1990s as a whole.1 Faulty mechanics developed at young ages are often well-engrained by the late adolescent years and the minimal healing ability of the largely avascular UCL often leads to delayed safe return to sport.2 Purpose The purpose of this case study was to describe an innovative, multimodal approach to conservative management of a chronic UCL injury in a college-aged baseball pitcher. This innovative approach utilizes both contractile and non-contractile dry needling to enhance soft tissue healing combined with standard conservative treatment to decrease pain and improve sport performance as measured by the Disabilities of Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH), Numeric Pain Report Scale (NPRS), and return to sport. Study Design Retrospective Case Report Case Description A collegiate athlete presented to an outpatient orthopedic physical therapy clinic for treatment of UCL sprain approximately six weeks post-injury and platelet-rich plasma injection. Diagnostic testing revealed chronic ligamentous microtrauma. Impairments at evaluation included proximal stabilizing strength deficits, myofascial trigger points throughout the dominant upper extremity, improper pitching form, and inability to pitch in game conditions due to severe pain. Interventions included addressing strength deficits throughout the body, dry needling, and sport-specific biomechanical training with pitching form analysis and correction. Outcomes Conventional DASH and Sport-Specific scale on the DASH and the numeric pain rating scale improved beyond both the minimally clinically important difference and minimal detectable change over the 12 week treatment3,4 At 24-week follow up, conventional DASH scores decreased from 34.20% disability

  9. Patient Information Websites About Medically Induced Second-Trimester Abortions: A Descriptive Study of Quality, Suitability, and Issues.

    PubMed

    Carlsson, Tommy; Axelsson, Ove

    2017-01-10

    with the websites involved lack of information (76%, 32/42), and poor design (36%, 15/42). The high number of irrelevant hits and poor quality of patient information websites are considerable issues that must be addressed and considered when consulting patients awaiting medically induced second-trimester abortions. In clinical encounters, health professionals should initiate discussions concerning websites about medically induced second-trimester abortions and inform patients about the issues and quality deficits associated with these websites. ©Tommy Carlsson, Ove Axelsson. Originally published in the Journal of Medical Internet Research (http://www.jmir.org), 10.01.2017.

  10. Letters

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    2001-01-01

    within curriculum, presentation, outlook and attitude towards physics. Vegard Engstrom Physics Education Student Trondheim, Norway Energy and mass I stand accused [1] of 'adding to the confusion which is rife in this topic area'. The topic in question is E = mc2, which is being discussed in connection with its appearance in A-level syllabuses. One may (as I sometimes do) have qualms that such a topic (with numerical questions) be taught to children with a background of classical physics only. However, it is there, and the article under discussion [2] was meant to provide a meaningful and helpful insight into an experiment that (a) cannot be described by Newtonian mechanics, and (b) prepares the ground for relativity. Cockroft and Walton, in the first transmutation of a nucleus by an accelerated proton, observed the following reaction: _1^1H + _3^7Li rightarrow _2^4He + _2^4He + 17 MeV The masses of the nuclei involved were known (measured by Aston [3]), the kinetic energy of the proton beam known, and the kinetic energies of the helium nuclei were measured. Even if relativity had not been invented, a classical physicist would have noticed that something non-Newtonian was going on-and come up with the observation that the kinetic energy 'gained' (ΔE) was related to the mass 'loss' (Δm) by c2. Further experimentation with other nuclei would have revealed the same connection: ΔE = (Δm)c2. This is a very clear, insightful, experimental example of a breakdown of Newtonian mechanics, one that an A-level student could appreciate with understanding and interest. Since the models/theories of physics are designed to describe experimental results and observations, he or she would be wanting to know what was happening to Newtonian physics. Whether or not the student was capable of appreciating relativity at this point, the insight that something is wrong with Newtonian mechanics would be firmly established. The points raised by Keith Atkin belong, in my opinion, at the later

  11. Does Long-Term High Fat Diet Always Lead to Smaller Hippocampi Volumes, Metabolite Concentrations, and Worse Learning and Memory? A Magnetic Resonance and Behavioral Study in Wistar Rats.

    PubMed

    Setkowicz, Zuzanna; Gaździńska, Agata; Osoba, Joanna J; Karwowska, Karolina; Majka, Piotr; Orzeł, Jarosław; Kossowski, Bartosz; Bogorodzki, Piotr; Janeczko, Krzysztof; Wyleżoł, Mariusz; Gazdzinski, Stefan P

    2015-01-01

    Obesity is a worldwide epidemic with more than 600 million affected individuals. Human studies have demonstrated some alterations in brains of otherwise healthy obese individuals and elevated risk of neurodegenerative disease of old age; these studies have also pointed to slightly diminished memory and executive functions among healthy obese individuals. Similar findings were obtained in animal models of obesity induced by high fat diet. On the other hand, low carbohydrate high fat diets are currently promoted for losing weight (e.g., Atkin's style diets). However, the long-term effects of such diets are not known. Additionally, high fat diets leading to (mild) ketonemia were shown to improve brain function in elderly humans and in some animal models. To evaluate the hypothesis that long-term use of a high fat diet was associated with decreases in spatial memory, smaller hippocampi and hippocampi metabolite concentrations in Wistar rats. Twenty five male Wistar rats were put on high fat diet (HFD; 60% calories from fat, 30% from carbohydrates) on their 55th day of life, while 25 control male rats (CONs) remained on chow. Adequate levels of essential nutrients were provided. Both groups underwent memory tests in 8-arm radial maze at 3rd, 6th, 9th, and 12th month. 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy was employed to measure concentrations of tNAA (marker of neuronal integrity) at one month and one year, whereas MRI was used to evaluate hippocampal volumes. Obese rats (OBRs) consumed similar amount of calories as CONs, but less proteins. However, their protein intake was within recommended amounts. Throughout the experiment OBRs had statistically higher concentrations of blood ketone bodies than CONs, but still within normal values. At post-mortem assessment, OBRs had 38% larger fat deposits than CONs (p<0.05), as evaluated by volume of epididymis fat, an acknowledged marker of fat deposits in rats. Contrary to our expectations, OBRs had better scores of memory

  12. INTRODUCTION: The Physics of Chaos and Related Problems: Proceedings of the 59th Nobel Symposium

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Lundqvist, Stig

    1985-01-01

    patience with my often rather chaotic actions. Our secretary, Yvonne Steen, deserves very special thanks for her outstanding work for the symposium on top of all her regular duties. I would finally like to say something about Gräftåvallen and our hosts, Annica and Tommy Hagström. We decided to take this symposium out of the cities and away from the academic environment and found this charming tiny mountain resort on a mountain slope in the northern Swedish mountains about 20 miles from the nearest village. Annica and Tommy Hagström welcomed us with such a warm hospitality and offered us throughout the week the best of the local mountain specialities such as reindeer, bear and beaver and a variety of mountain fishes. Also the local community greeted us as some very special guests and arranged an afternoon programme at a nearby shieling with goats, sheep, dairy maids, folk music and folk dancing. They also arranged a wonderful concert in their beautiful church from the 12th century. Altogether it was a very special week also outside the lecture room. We, the organizers, experienced this symposium as an unforgettable scientific event thanks to the outstanding contributions of our participants. We hope that these proceedings will convey to the reader something of the excitement felt by the participants during the symposium week.

  13. Motivational Interviewing and Medication Review in Coronary Heart Disease (MIMeRiC): Intervention Development and Protocol for the Process Evaluation.

    PubMed

    Östbring, Malin Johansson; Eriksson, Tommy; Petersson, Göran; Hellström, Lina

    2018-01-30

    MIMeRiC RCT are known. This paper describes the framework for the design of the intervention tested in the MIMeRiC trial, development of the intervention from the pilot stage to the complete trial intervention, and the framework and methods for the process evaluation. Providing the protocol of the process evaluation allows prespecification of the processes that will be evaluated, because we hypothesize that they will determine the outcomes of the MIMeRiC trial. This protocol also constitutes a contribution to the new field of process evaluations as made explicit in health services research and clinical trials of complex interventions. ©Malin Johansson Östbring, Tommy Eriksson, Göran Petersson, Lina Hellström. Originally published in JMIR Research Protocols (http://www.researchprotocols.org), 30.01.2018.

  14. Comparison of weight loss among named diet programs in overweight and obese adults: a meta-analysis.

    PubMed

    Johnston, Bradley C; Kanters, Steve; Bandayrel, Kristofer; Wu, Ping; Naji, Faysal; Siemieniuk, Reed A; Ball, Geoff D C; Busse, Jason W; Thorlund, Kristian; Guyatt, Gordon; Jansen, Jeroen P; Mills, Edward J

    2014-09-03

    Many claims have been made regarding the superiority of one diet or another for inducing weight loss. Which diet is best remains unclear. To determine weight loss outcomes for popular diets based on diet class (macronutrient composition) and named diet. Search of 6 electronic databases: AMED, CDSR, CENTRAL, CINAHL, EMBASE, and MEDLINE from inception of each database to April 2014. Overweight or obese adults (body mass index ≥25) randomized to a popular self-administered named diet and reporting weight or body mass index data at 3-month follow-up or longer. Two reviewers independently extracted data on populations, interventions, outcomes, risk of bias, and quality of evidence. A Bayesian framework was used to perform a series of random-effects network meta-analyses with meta-regression to estimate the relative effectiveness of diet classes and programs for change in weight and body mass index from baseline. Our analyses adjusted for behavioral support and exercise. Weight loss and body mass index at 6- and 12-month follow-up (±3 months for both periods). Among 59 eligible articles reporting 48 unique randomized trials (including 7286 individuals) and compared with no diet, the largest weight loss was associated with low-carbohydrate diets (8.73 kg [95% credible interval {CI}, 7.27 to 10.20 kg] at 6-month follow-up and 7.25 kg [95% CI, 5.33 to 9.25 kg] at 12-month follow-up) and low-fat diets (7.99 kg [95% CI, 6.01 to 9.92 kg] at 6-month follow-up and 7.27 kg [95% CI, 5.26 to 9.34 kg] at 12-month follow-up). Weight loss differences between individual diets were minimal. For example, the Atkins diet resulted in a 1.71 kg greater weight loss than the Zone diet at 6-month follow-up. Between 6- and 12-month follow-up, the influence of behavioral support (3.23 kg [95% CI, 2.23 to 4.23 kg] at 6-month follow-up vs 1.08 kg [95% CI, -1.82 to 3.96 kg] at 12-month follow-up) and exercise (0.64 kg [95% CI, -0.35 to 1.66 kg] vs 2.13 kg [95% CI, 0.43 to 3.85 kg], respectively

  15. The Use and Effectiveness of Mobile Apps for Depression: Results From a Fully Remote Clinical Trial.

    PubMed

    Arean, Patricia A; Hallgren, Kevin A; Jordan, Joshua T; Gazzaley, Adam; Atkins, David C; Heagerty, Patrick J; Anguera, Joaquin A

    2016-12-20

    particular, an app that is designed to engage cognitive correlates of depression had the strongest effect on depressed mood in this sample. This study suggests that mobile apps reach many people and are useful for more moderate levels of depression. Clinicaltrials.gov NCT00540865; https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00540865 (Archived by WebCite at http://www.webcitation.org/6mj8IPqQr). ©Patricia A Arean, Kevin A Hallgren, Joshua T Jordan, Adam Gazzaley, David C Atkins, Patrick J Heagerty, Joaquin A Anguera. Originally published in the Journal of Medical Internet Research (http://www.jmir.org), 20.12.2016.

  16. Pre-pregnancy fast food and fruit intake is associated with time to pregnancy.

    PubMed

    Grieger, Jessica A; Grzeskowiak, Luke E; Bianco-Miotto, Tina; Jankovic-Karasoulos, Tanja; Moran, Lisa J; Wilson, Rebecca L; Leemaqz, Shalem Y; Poston, Lucilla; McCowan, Lesley; Kenny, Louise C; Myers, Jenny; Walker, James J; Norman, Robert J; Dekker, Gus A; Roberts, Claire T

    2018-06-01

    database is provided and maintained by MedSciNet AB (http://medscinet.com). The Australian SCOPE study was funded by the Premier's Science and Research Fund, South Australian Government (http://www.dfeest.sa.gov.au/science-research/premiers-research-and-industry-fund). The New Zealand SCOPE study was funded by the New Enterprise Research Fund, Foundation for Research Science and Technology; Health Research Council (04/198); Evelyn Bond Fund, Auckland District Health Board Charitable Trust. The Irish SCOPE study was funded by the Health Research Board of Ireland (CSA/2007/2; http://www.hrb.ie). The UK SCOPE study was funded by National Health Service NEAT Grant (Neat Grant FSD025), Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research council (www.bbsrc.ac.uk/funding; GT084) and University of Manchester Proof of Concept Funding (University of Manchester); Guy's and St. Thomas' Charity (King's College London) and Tommy's charity (http://www.tommys.org/; King's College London and University of Manchester); and Cerebra UK (www.cerebra.org.uk; University of Leeds). L.E.G. is supported by an Australian National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) Early Career Fellowship (ID 1070421). L.J.M. is supported by a SACVRDP Fellowship; a program collaboratively funded by the National Heart Foundation, the South Australian Department of Health and the South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute. L.C.K. is supported by a Science Foundation Ireland Program Grant for INFANT (12/RC/2272). C.T.R. was supported by a National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) Senior Research Fellowship (GNT1020749). There are no conflicts of interest to declare. Not applicable.

  17. Quality of Patient Information Websites About Congenital Heart Defects: Mixed-Methods Study of Perspectives Among Individuals With Experience of a Prenatal Diagnosis.

    PubMed

    Carlsson, Tommy; Melander Marttala, Ulla; Wadensten, Barbro; Bergman, Gunnar; Axelsson, Ove; Mattsson, Elisabet

    2017-09-12

    quality assessment tool. Medians of the lowest achievable score were found in questions about treatment choices (n=4 websites), details (n=2 websites), suitability (n=1 website), and overall quality (n=1 website). Websites had significantly different scores for appearance (P=.01), details (P<.001), relevance (P<.001), suitability (P<.001), treatment choices (P=.04), and overall quality (P<.001). The content analysis of the qualitative data generated six categories: (1) advertisements, (2) comprehensiveness, (3) design, (4) illustrations and pictures, (5) language, and (6) trustworthiness. Various issues with the included websites were highlighted, including the use of inappropriate advertisements, biased information, poor illustrations, complex language, and poor trustworthiness. From the perspectives of the intended consumers, patient information websites about congenital heart defects are, to a large extent, inadequate tools for supplemental information following a prenatal diagnosis. Health professionals should initiate discussions with patients about their intentions to use the Web, inform them about the varied quality in the Web-based landscape, and offer recommendations for appropriate Web-based sources. ©Tommy Carlsson, Ulla Melander Marttala, Barbro Wadensten, Gunnar Bergman, Ove Axelsson, Elisabet Mattsson. Originally published in the Interactive Journal of Medical Research (http://www.i-jmr.org/), 12.09.2017.

  18. Treatment Activity, User Satisfaction, and Experienced Usability of Internet-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Adults With Depression and Anxiety After a Myocardial Infarction: Mixed-Methods Study.

    PubMed

    Wallin, Emma; Norlund, Fredrika; Olsson, Erik Martin Gustaf; Burell, Gunilla; Held, Claes; Carlsson, Tommy

    2018-03-16

    , patients sent less than 2 internal messages to their therapist during the intervention (mean 1.42, SD 2.56, range 0-16). Interviews revealed different preferences with regard to the internet-based portal, the content of the treatment program, and the therapist communication. Aspects related to the personal situation and required skills included unpleasant emotions evoked by the intervention, lack of time, and technical difficulties. Patients with a recent myocardial infarction and symptoms of depression and anxiety showed low treatment activity in this guided iCBT intervention with regard to completed modules, completed assignments, and internal messages sent to their therapist. The findings call attention to the need for researchers to carefully consider the preferences, personal situation, and technical skills of the end users during the development of these interventions. The study indicates several challenges that need to be addressed to improve treatment activity, user satisfaction, and usability in internet-based interventions in this population. ©Emma Wallin, Fredrika Norlund, Erik Martin Gustaf Olsson, Gunilla Burell, Claes Held, Tommy Carlsson. Originally published in the Journal of Medical Internet Research (http://www.jmir.org), 16.03.2018.

  19. Interactive Two-Way mHealth Interventions for Improving Medication Adherence: An Evaluation Using The Behaviour Change Wheel Framework.

    PubMed

    Chiang, Nicole; Guo, Michael; Amico, K Rivet; Atkins, Lou; Lester, Richard T

    2018-04-12

    evaluation of WelTel using the Behavior Change Wheel suggests that most of its impact is delivered primarily through its personalized communication component, in which 8 different behavior change techniques were identified and linked with 5 intervention functions (environmental restructuring, enablement, education, persuasion, and training). Its mechanisms of action in promoting antiretroviral therapy adherence may involve addressing all Capability Opportunity Motivation-Behavior influences on behavior (physical and psychological capability, physical and social opportunity, reflective and automatic motivation). Systematically unpacking the potential active ingredients of effective interventions facilitates the creation and implementation of more parsimonious, tailored, and targeted approaches. Evaluating WelTel using the Behavior Change Wheel has provided valuable insights into how and why such interactive two-way mHealth interventions may produce greater impact than one-way in addressing both nonintentional and intentional forms of nonadherence. The application of the Behavior Change Wheel for evidence synthesis across mHealth interventions targeting various conditions would contribute to strengthening the knowledge base regarding how they may work to impact medication adherence behavior. ©Nicole Chiang, Michael Guo, K Rivet Amico, Lou Atkins, Richard T Lester. Originally published in JMIR Mhealth and Uhealth (http://mhealth.jmir.org), 12.04.2018.

  20. Pregnancy loss managed by cervical dilatation and curettage increases the risk of spontaneous preterm birth.

    PubMed

    McCarthy, Fergus P; Khashan, Ali S; North, Robyn A; Rahma, Muna B; Walker, James J; Baker, Philip N; Dekker, Gus; Poston, Lucilla; McCowan, Lesley M E; O'Donoghue, Keelin; Kenny, Louise C

    2013-12-01

    termination managed non-surgically who showed no increase risk (adjusted OR 0.86; 95% CI 0.38, 1.94; 3.4% absolute risk and adjusted OR 0.87; 95% CI 0.69, 1.12; 3.8% absolute risk, respectively). Although every effort was made to record accurate previous pregnancy data, it was not feasible to confirm the history and management of previous pregnancy loss by hospital records. This may have introduced recall bias. This large prospective cohort study of healthy nulliparous women has demonstrated that women with either a previous miscarriage or termination of pregnancy were at increased risk of spontaneous preterm birth if they were managed by procedures involving cervical dilatation and curettage. However, overall, women with a single pregnancy loss did not have an increased risk of having any other of the adverse pregnancy outcomes examined. In contrast, two to four previous pregnancy losses were associated with an increased risk of having a pregnancy complicated by spontaneous preterm birth and/or placental abruption. Research is required to determine whether non-surgical management of miscarriage or termination of pregnancy should be advocated over surgical treatment. New Zealand: New Enterprise Research Fund, Foundation for Research Science and Technology; Health Research Council; Evelyn Bond Fund, Auckland District Health Board Charitable Trust. Australia: Premier's Science and Research Fund, South Australian Government. Ireland: Health Research Board. Leeds: Cerebra Charity, Carmarthen. Manchester: National Health Service NEAT Grant; Manchester Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council; University of Manchester Proof of Concept Funding. King's College London: Guy's and St Thomas' Charity. King's College London and Manchester: Tommy's-The Baby Charity. N/A.

  1. Mapping Near-Earth Hazards

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Kohler, Susanna

    2016-06-01

    How can we hunt down all the near-Earth asteroids that are capable of posing a threat to us? A new study looks at whether the upcoming Large Synoptic Survey Telescope (LSST) is up to the job.Charting Nearby ThreatsLSST is an 8.4-m wide-survey telescope currently being built in Chile. When it goes online in 2022, it will spend the next ten years surveying our sky, mapping tens of billions of stars and galaxies, searching for signatures of dark energy and dark matter, and hunting for transient optical events like novae and supernovae. But in its scanning, LSST will also be looking for asteroids that approach near Earth.Cumulative number of near-Earth asteroids discovered over time, as of June 16, 2016. [NASA/JPL/Chamberlin]Near-Earth objects (NEOs) have the potential to be hazardous if they cross Earths path and are large enough to do significant damage when they impact Earth. Earths history is riddled with dangerous asteroid encounters, including the recent Chelyabinsk airburst in 2013, the encounter that caused the kilometer-sized Meteor Crater in Arizona, and the impact thought to contribute to the extinction of the dinosaurs.Recognizing the potential danger that NEOs can pose to Earth, Congress has tasked NASA with tracking down 90% of NEOs larger than 140 meters in diameter. With our current survey capabilities, we believe weve discovered roughly 25% of these NEOs thus far. Now a new study led by Tommy Grav (Planetary Science Institute) examines whether LSST will be able to complete this task.Absolute magnitude, H, of asynthetic NEO population. Though these NEOs are all larger than 140 m, they have a large spread in albedos. [Grav et al. 2016]Can LSST Help?Based on previous observations of NEOs and resulting predictions for NEO properties and orbits, Grav and collaborators simulate a synthetic population of NEOs all above 140 m in size. With these improved population models, they demonstrate that the common tactic of using an asteroids absolute magnitude as a

  2. CHAIRMAN'S PREFACE: Nobel Symposium 79: The Birth and Early Evolution of Our Universe

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Gustafsson, Bengt; Nilsson, Jan S.; Skagerstam, Bo-Sture

    1991-01-01

    It was in 1986 that we submitted a proposal to organize a Nobel Symposium on the topic "The Birth and Early Evolution of Our Universe", a subject not previously discussed at such a meeting. Our feeling at the time was that it would be appropriate to gather together international expertise on the deep and exciting connections between elementary physics and astrophysics/cosmology. In both these scientific disciplines there are wellknown "standard models"—the Glashow-Weinberg-Salam model of electroweak interactions and the Big-Bang cosmological model. The former model has now been tested to a very high accuracy. Progress in observational cosmology and astrophysics has on the other hand given strong support to the standard Big-Bang model as a realistic framework of cosmological evolution. The interesting fact, of course, is that the two standard models are not independent, and their predictions become interlinked when one considers the early, hot universe. It is now a wonderfully accepted piece of history that the constraint on the number of light neutrinos as obtained from the Big-Bang primordial nucleosynthesis agree very well with recent high-energy laboratory experiments. When our proposal was approved in 1989 we were very happy and honoured to invite a large number of internationally outstanding contributors to take part in the Symposium, almost all of whom were able to participate. It was, however, with deep regret and shock that their sudden deaths prevented us from inviting A Sakharov and Y Zeldovich. Their presence and wisdom was sadly missed. By choosing the beautiful village of Gräftåvallen, outside the town of Östesund, as the location of the Symposium, we hoped to provide a relaxing and stimulating atmosphere and also, possibly, almost twenty hours of sunlight a day for a week. The hosts of Gräftåvallen, Annika and Tommy Hagström, have to be thanked for making our stay both extremely successful and to a memorable experience. Our thanks also go to

  3. Developing fine-pixel CdTe detectors for the next generation of high-resolution hard x-ray telescopes

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Christe, Steven

    Over the past decade, the NASA Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC) has been improving the angular resolution of hard X-ray (HXR; 20 "70 keV) optics to the point that we now routinely manufacture optics modules with an angular resolution of 20 arcsec Half Power Diameter (HDP), almost three times the performance of NuSTAR optics (Ramsey et al. 2013; Gubarev et al. 2013a; Atkins et al. 2013). New techniques are currently being developed to provide even higher angular resolution. High angular resolution HXR optics require detectors with a large number of fine pixels in order to adequately sample the telescope point spread function (PSF) over the entire field of view. Excessively over-sampling the PSF will increase readout noise and require more processing with no appreciable increase in image quality. An appropriate level of over-sampling is to have 3 pixels within the HPD. For the HERO mirrors, where the HPD is 26 arcsec over a 6-m focal length converts to 750 μm, the optimum pixel size is around 250 μm. At a 10-m focal length these detectors can support a 16 arcsec HPD. Of course, the detectors must also have high efficiency in the HXR region, good energy resolution, low background, low power requirements, and low sensitivity to radiation damage (Ramsey 2001). The ability to handle high counting rates is also desirable for efficient calibration. A collaboration between Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), MSFC, and Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (RAL) in the UK is developing precisely such detectors under an ongoing, funded APRA program (FY2015 to FY2017). The detectors use the RALdeveloped Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC) dubbed HEXITEC, for High Energy X-Ray Imaging Technology. These HEXITEC ASICs can be bonded to 1- or 2- mm-thick Cadmium Telluride (CdTe) or Cadmium-Zinc-Telluride (CZT) to create a fine (250 μm pitch) HXR detector (Jones et al. 2009; Seller et al. 2011). The objectives of this funded effort are to develop and test a HEXITEC

  4. Astronomers Gain Clues About Fundamental Physics

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    2005-12-01

    Carilli, this year's winners of the prestigious Max Planck Research Award of the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation and the Max Planck Society in Germany. Menten and Carilli have collaborated on research in this area for years, and Kanekar has pioneered the OH molecular technique. Kanekar, Carilli and Menten worked with Glen Langston of NRAO, Graca Rocha of the Cavendish Laboratory in the UK, Francoise Combes of the Paris Observatory, Ravi Subrahmanyan of the Australia Telescope National Facility (ATNF), John Stocke of the University of Colorado, Frank Briggs of the ATNF and the Australian National University, and Tommy Wiklind of the Space Telescope Science Institute in Sweden. The scientists reported their findings in the December 31 edition of the scientific journal Physical Review Letters.

  5. EDITORIAL: Crisis management - and creation

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Dobson Honorary Editor, Ken

    1996-11-01

    (how teachers make sense of it is what really matters; they need not only support but time for reflection). Innovation needs to be well informed about how children learn - and must listen more to what they say. There are more - see the references. Almost all contradict the current UK approach, seemingly beloved by both government and potential government, that the way to improve education is to lay down rules from above. Guidelines yes; tramlines no. References [1] Black P and Atkin M (ed) 1996 Changing the Subject: Innovations in Science, Mathematics and Technology Education (London: Routledge) [2] Key Outcomes for Policy Makers, School Managers and Class Teachers part of a Report on Technology in Case Study Primary Schools in Scotland (Edinburgh: The Scottish Office)

  6. Clinical and Experimental Observations with Regard to the Injection of Certain Agents (Pregl’s Solution) into Chronic Arthritic Joints

    PubMed Central

    2008-01-01

    J.E.M. (Tommy) Thomson was born in Los Angeles, California in 1989, of “pious and scholarly” parents with “evangelistic...interests” [3]. His grandfather had been a missionary bishop in the Methodist Church. He attended Evanston Academy and then Northwestern University. While he began his medical studies at Texas Christian College, he completed his medical education at Rush Medical College in 1915. He took an internship in Chicago, where his mentors reportedly included Drs. Edwin Ryerson (first President of the AAOS), John Ridlon, and Dallas Phemister [3]. In 1916 he began medical practice with H. Winnett Orr in Lincoln, Nebraska. During WW I he served in the University of Nebraska Overseas Base Hospital No. 49. He returned to practice after the war in 1919 and remained in Lincoln during his professional life. In addition to his professional interests, he and his wife shared an interest in cattle breeding and for a while had extensive ranching interests in Nebraska. The last few years of his life were spent in semiretirement in Rancho Santa Fe, California. Dr. Thomson traveled widely and made many friends worldwide. In 1955 he took a trip around the world but he had many other travels and was an honorary member of a number of foreign orthopaedic societies including the Czechoslovakian Orthopaedic Society, The Polish Orthopaedic and Trauma Society, the Finnish Orthopaedic Association, and the Latin American Society of Orthopaedics and Traumatology. Dr. Thomson traveled to all continents except Australia. He was a founding member of the Orthopaedic Research society. As with a number of the early offices of the AAOS, Dr. Thomson was active in the American Orthopaedic Association and the Clinical Orthopaedic Society and served as President of the latter in 1936. The Instructional Course Lectures were evidently his “brainchild” [3]. The record is unclear of the beginnings, although they evidently arose out of motion picture exhibits. What is clear is the

  7. Obituary: Kenneth Ingvard Greisen, 1918-2007

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Greisen, Eric W.

    2007-12-01

    for his courses so that his students could take popular courses in other departments, and heavily supported the careers of those faculty members who distinguished themselves as teachers. Ken served on many national committees, was university Ombudsman 1975-1977, was Chairman of the Astronomy Department 1976-1979, and was Dean of the Faculty 1978-1983. He was granted an Emeritus professorship in 1984 and retired in 1986. The affection his colleagues felt for Ken was perhaps best illustrated when a Japanese Post-Doc and life-long friend named his first child Kenichi. Comments received at his death emphasized his ``great competence'' as a scientist; his kindness, generosity, and concern for his students; and his ``thoughtful human values'' and ``great integrity'' as a ``man of character.'' Ken loved music, attending many concerts, playing flute and recorder, and singing in church and senior choirs. He greatly enjoyed hiking, boating, golf, and other outdoor activities, including, in his retirement years, the bicycle and month-long vacations in Kauai and Florida. Ken viewed retirement as a reason to leave university life behind, but not to cease providing service to those about him who needed help. In retirement, Ken volunteered in a variety of activities to assist those less fortunate than himself. In his later years, he engaged in a nearly daily ``hobby'' of writing checks to numerous charities. Ken was preceded in death by his parents, younger brother Sigurd Greisen, older sister Agnita Dupree, first wife of 34 years Elizabeth Chase Greisen, second wife of 20 years Helen Wiltberger Greisen, and stepson Bruce Wiltberger. He is survived by his long-time companion Tommie Bryant of Ithaca; daughter Kathryn Greisen of Columbus, Ohio; son Eric Greisen of Socorro, New Mexico; step children Heather Wiltberger of Marshall, Virginia, Paul Wiltberger of Arlington, Washington, and Lois Wiltberger of Arlington, Massachusetts; and several step-grandchildren.

  8. People

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    2001-11-01

    the war Hoyle returned to Cambridge, but kept in close contact with his collaborators. Fred Hoyle was a canny and media-savvy scientist, 40 years before such things were recognized. Martin Rees said after his death '[He] also had other dimensions to his career, his inventiveness and skill as a communicator'. It is hard to realize now the impact that Hoyle's broadcasts had in post-war Britain. His programmes for the BBC on The Nature of the Universe won greater audiences than such unlikely rivals as Bertrand Russell and Tommy Handley. Even today many people recall how they were affected by listening to these broadcasts. Hoyle used one of his broadcasts to ridicule the hot explosion theory. He referred to the idea of a 'big bang as fanciful'. Unfortunately the name stuck, much to Hoyle's chagrin. In the 1950s Hoyle began a fruitful collaboration with Willy Fowler of the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena. Hoyle was interested in the origin of the chemical elements. Hans Bethe, Charles Critchfield and Karl-Frederich von Weizsäcker had calculated in 1939 how stars could turn protons into helium nuclei by nuclear fusion. Part of the Vela supernova remmant, the debris left after the type of massive explosion in which Hoyle predicted that heavy nuclei were formed. (© Royal Observatory, Edinburgh, Anglo-Australian Observatory.) Building on earlier collaboration with Ed Saltpeter, Hoyle used data supplied by Geoffrey and Margaret Burbidge and, working with Fowler, began to piece together how the elements were formed. By looking at very large stars near the end of their lives and examining their chemical composition, they noticed that the abundances of elements almost exactly corresponded to those with a low nuclear capture cross section. Hoyle argued that all of the elements in our bodies had been formed in stars that had been and gone before our solar system had even formed. In their classic paper the elements are produced by three basic methods. The

  9. Observing a Burst with Sunglasses

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    2003-11-01

    factor by which the lines in the spectrum of an object are shifted towards longer wavelengths. Since the redshift of a cosmological object increases with distance, the observed redshift of a remote galaxy also provides an estimate of its distance. [2]: Members of the team include Jochen Greiner, Arne Rau (Max-Planck-Institut für extraterrestrische Physik, Germany), Sylvio Klose, Bringfried Stecklum (Thüringer Landessternwarte Tautenburg, Germany), Klaus Reinsch (Universitätssternwarte Göttingen, Germany), Hans Martin Schmid (Institut für Astronomie Zürich, Switzerland ), Re'em Sari (California Institute of Technology, USA), Dieter H. Hartmann (Clemson University, USA), Chryssa Kouveliotou (NSSTC, Huntsville, Alabama, USA), Eliana Palazzi (Istituto di Astrofisica Spaziale e Fisica Cosmica, Bologna, Italy), Christian Straubmeier (Physikalisches Institut Köln, Germany), Sergej Zharikov, Gaghik Tovmassian (Instituto de Astronomia Ensenada, Mexico), Otto Bärnbantner, Christop Ries (Wendelstein-Observatorium München, Germany), Emmanuel Jehin, Andreas Kaufer (European Southern Observatory, Chile), Arne Henden (USNO Flagstaff, USA), Anlaug A. Kaas (NOT, La Palma, Spain), Tommy Grav (University of Oslo, N), Jens Hjorth, Holger Pedersen (Astronomical Observatory Copenhagen, Denmark), Ralph A.M.J. Wijers (Astronomical Institute Anton Pannekoek, Amsterdam, The Netherlands), Hye-Sook Park (Lawrence Livermore Nat. Laboratory, USA), Grant Williams (MMT Observatory, Tucson, USA), Olaf Reimer (Theoretische Weltraum- und Astrophysik Universität Bochum, Germany) [3]: When electrons - which are electrically charged - move through a magnetic field, they spiral around an axis defined by the local magnetic field. Electrons of high energy spiral very rapidly, at speeds near the speed of light. Under such conditions, the electrons emit highly polarised electromagnetic radiation. The intensity of this radiation is related to the strength of the magnetic field and the number and energy

  10. Ep8_Exploring the Cosmos with Styx

    NASA Image and Video Library

    2017-08-25

    >> HOUSTON, WE HAVE A PODCAST! WELCOME TO THE OFFICIAL PODCAST OF THE NASA JOHNSON SPACE CENTER, EPISODE 8, “EXPLORING THE COSMOS.” I’M GARY JORDAN AND I’LL BE YOUR HOST TODAY. SO THIS IS THE PODCAST WHERE WE BRING IN NASA EXPERTS, AND IN THE CASE OF TODAY’S EPISODE, SOME SUPER COOL SPACE FANATICS TO TALK ABOUT EVERYTHING NASA. SO TODAY WE HAD QUITE A FEW SPECIAL GUESTS. WE’RE TALKING ABOUT HUMAN SPACE EXPLORATION WITH GLENN LUTZ, JOHN CONNOLLY, AND THE BAND STYX. GLENN IS THE DEPUTY DIRECTOR OF THE EXPLORATION INTEGRATION AND SCIENCE DIRECTOR, OR EISD, HERE AT THE JOHNSON SPACE CENTER. JOHN IS THE HEAD OF NASA’S MARS STUDY CAPABILITY TEAM UNDER EISD, AND STYX, WELL, STYX IS A ROCK BAND. WE TALKED TO TOMMY SHAW, WHO DOES GUITAR, VOCALS, AND A LOT OF THE WRITING, AND LAWRENCE GOWAN ON VOCALS AND KEYS AND ALSO DOES SOME OF THE WRITING, TOO. WHY IS A ROCK BAND HERE AT THE NASA JOHNSON SPACE CENTER? WELL, WE HAVE A LOT OF AMAZING THINGS TO SHOW OFF AND SOMETIMES PEOPLE COME OVER TO CHECK IT OUT. WE HAD A GREAT DISCUSSION ABOUT EXPLORING THE COSMOS, WHAT HUMAN EXPLORATION MISSIONS WILL LOOK LIKE IN THE FUTURE, AND WHY WE SEND HUMANS TO SPACE IN THE FIRST PLACE. SO, WITH NO FURTHER DELAY, LET’S GO LIGHTSPEED TO OUR TALK WITH MR. GLENN LUTZ AND MR. JOHN CONNOLLY, AS WELL AS MR. TOMMY SHAW AND MR. LAWRENCE GOWAN FROM STYX. ENJOY. [ MUSIC ] >> T MINUS FIVE SECONDS AND COUNTING! MARK! [ INDISTINCT RADIO CHATTER ] >> HOUSTON, WE HAVE A PODCAST. [ MUSIC ] >> OKAY, SO HOW ARE YOU GUYS LIKING THE TOUR SO FAR? >> DO WE HAVE TO LEAVE? >> YEAH! >> IT’S A MIND BLOWER, IS WHAT IT IS. >> YEAH. >> IT’S A MIND BLOWER AND GETTING TO MEET PEOPLE THAT DO THIS EVERY DAY IS-- THAT’S AN HONOR AND THAT ALONE, AND THEN SEEING THEM WITH THE MACHINERY IS-- I CAN BARELY FORM WORDS TO DESCRIBE HOW OVERWHELMING IT IS. >> WHAT MAKES IT SO OVERWHELMING, THOUGH? IS IT JUST THE HISTORY OR IS IT JUST THE AMOUNT OF STUFF, MAYBE? >> WELL, IT’S KIND OF EVERYTHING, YOU KNOW? >> OKAY

  11. Getting Real: A General Chemistry Laboratory Program Focusing on "Real World" Substances

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Kerber, Robert C.; Akhtar, Mohammad J.

    1996-11-01

    -ended exercise on comparison of synthetic and "organic" vitamin C using student-initiated means, including infrared analysis and acid-base and redox titrations. Acknowledgments We gratefully acknowledge the participation of our colleague Robert Schneider in the implementation of this program. Expansion of the program through incorporation of infrared has been made possible by support of the National Science Foundation's Division of Undergraduate Education through grant DUE-9552250, which we also acknowledge with gratitude. Literature Cited 1. An analogous focus in an analytical chemistry laboratory has been described: Sherren, A. T. J. Chem. Educ. 1991, 68, 598-599. 2. Neidig, H. A., Ed. Modular Laboratory Program in Chemistry; Chemical Education Resources, Inc., P. O. Box 357, Palmyra, PA 17078. 3. Kandel, M. J. Chem. Educ. 1989, 66, 322-323; 1988, 65, 782-783. 4. Solomon, S.; Fulep-Poszmik, A.; Lee, A. J. Chem. Educ. 1991, 68, 328-329. 5. Deckey, G. MLPC Module ANAL-335; see ref 2. 6. Wolthuis, E. MLPC Module ANAL-416; see ref 2. 7. Flowers, P. A. J. Chem. Educ. 1990, 67, 1068-1069. 8. Burgstahler, A. W. J. Chem. Educ. 1992, 69, 575-576. 9. Gillette, M. L.; Neidig, H. A. MLPC Module ANAL-361; see ref 2. 10. Markow, P. G. MLPC Module ANAL-372; see ref 2. 11. Fuchsman, W. H.; Garg, S. J. Chem. Educ. 1990, 67, 67-69. 12. Neidig, H. A.; Spencer, J. N. MLPC Module ANAL-395; see ref 2. 13. Glogovsky, R. L. MLPC Module SYNT-439; see ref 2. 14. Street, K. W. J. Chem. Educ. 1988, 65, 914-915. 15. Forland, K. S.; Hauge-Nilsen, G. S. J. Chem. Educ. 1991, 68, 1674-675; Griswold, J. R.; Rauner, R. A. J. Chem. Educ. 1990, 67, 1516-517. 16. Atkins, R. C. J. Chem. Educ. 1975, 52, 550. 17. McCormick, P. G. J. Chem. Educ. 1973, 50, 136-137. 18. Bailey, D. N. J. Chem. Educ. 1974, 51, 488-489. 19. Bowen, H. J. M. J. Chem. Educ. 1990, 67, 75-77; Cloutier, H.; Prud'homme, R. E. J. Chem. Educ. 1985, 62, 815-819. 20. Sherman, M. C. Polymers in Chemistry: Experiments and 2Demonstrations; Workshop

  12. Electron Paramagnetic Resonance: Elementary Theory and Practical Applications, Second Edition (John A. Weil and James R. Bolton)

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Williams, Ffrancon

    2009-01-01

    . Phys. 2002, 4, 4-10. (a) Batra, R.; Giese, B.; Spichty, M.; Gescheidt, G.; Houk, K. N. J. Phys. Chem. 1996, 100, 18371-18379. (b) Adamo, C.; Barone, V.; Fortunelli, A. J. Phys. Chem. 1994, 98, 8648. (c) Barone, V. Theor. Chim. Acta 1995, 91, 113. (d) Barone, V. J. Phys. Chem. 1995, 99, 11659. (e) Hermosilla, L.; Calle, P.; Garcia de la Vega, J. M.; Sieiro, C. J. Phys. Chem. A 2005, 109, 1114; J. Phys. Chem. A 2005, 109, 7626. Atherton, N. M. Principles of Electron Spin Resonance; Prentice-Hall: New York, 1993. Heller, C.; McConnell, H. M. J. Chem. Phys. 1960, 32, 1535. Whiffen, D. H. Mol. Phys. 1963, 6, 223. Davies, A. G. J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 2 1999, 2461. Atkins, P. W. Quanta: A Handbook of Concepts; Clarendon Press: Oxford, 1974; p 231. Brustolon, M. R. Principles and Applications of Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Blackwell Publishers: Oxford, 2008. Lund, A.; Shiotani, M. Principles and Applications of Electron Spin Resonance; Springer-Netherland: Dordrecht, 2009.

  13. News & Announcements

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    2000-02-01

    News from Journal House

    Journal Ambassadors, 1999 What do the people listed below have in common? A search of our records indicates that each has been a participant in our Journal Ambassador program during 1999.
    • Guy Anderson
    • Jim Becvar
    • Jerry Bell
    • Jim Birk
    • Diane Bunce
    • Ann Cartwright
    • Thomas Clark
    • Jane Crosby
    • Maria Dean
    • Art Ellis
    • Donald Elswick
    • Tommy Franklin
    • Babu George
    • Paul Heath
    • Angela Hoffman
    • Lynn Hogue
    • J. J. Lagowski
    • Frank Lambert
    • Dorothy Lehmkuhl
    • George Lelevre
    • Scott Luaders
    • Jane McMullen
    • Marci Merritt
    • Carl Minnier
    • Richard Narske
    • Ron Perkins
    • Gabriel Pinto
    • Dick Potts
    • Herb Retcofsky
    • Jerry Sarquis
    • Elke Schoffers
    • Sara Selfe
    • Uni Susskind
    • J. Mark Tolman
    • John Varine
    • Dawn Wakeley
    • Marla White
    Those who are a part of this program take materials about the Journal to workshops, outreach programs, seminars, regional meetings, award nights, short courses, and other events at home and abroad, places where people who are interested in chemical education gather. Given about three weeks notice, we can outfit you with a variety of materials that will help others get tuned in to the good things that are happening in chemical education. We can send you an assortment of Journal issues, subscription forms, our Publications/Software Catalog, reprints from the Viewpoints series, copies of Classroom Activities, or JCE Gift Award Certificates, assuming that supplies are available. Of course we can arrange for the group to have temporary access to JCE Online. We can send you a brochure about the Ambassador program or answer any questions - just ask: email to jce@chem.wisc.edu; phone 1-800-991-5534 (U.S.) or 608-262-5153 (non-U.S.); fax 608-265-8094. If by chance you were a Journal Ambassador in 1999 but your name was not included, just let us know so that you can be recognized in a future column. Gift

  14. The Chemical and Educational Appeal of the Orange Juice Clock

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Kelter, Paul B.; Carr, James D.; Johnson, Tanya; Mauricio Castro-Acuña, Carlos

    1996-12-01

    focus of an Operation Chemistry unit dealing with energy needs for living on board the space shuttle (4). A number of fairly safe activities work well as lead-in or follow-up material, as described in Table 2. Copies of these activities are available by writing to PK. Acknowledgments We wish to thank Walt Hancock and Jonathan Skean, along with our wonderful undergraduates Mickey Richards, Cory Emal, Julie Grundman, Jeff Atkins, and Darren Jack, for being there. Literature Cited 1. Alyea, H. N. Tested Demonstrations in General Chemistry, 1955-1956; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1956. 2. Vernier Software, 8565 SW Beaverton Hillsdale Highway, Portland, OR 97225; phone (503) 297-5317. 3. Bockris, J.; Reddy, A. K. N. Modern Electrochemistry; Plenum: New York, 1970; Vol 2. 4. Kelter, P.; Hughes, K.; Murphy, A.; Roskos, P. J. Sci. Teacher Educ. 1995, 6, 57-59. 5. Tested Demonstrations in Chemistry; Gilbert, G., Ed.; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1994; Vol. 1, #E-13. 6. Katz, D. A.; Willis, C. J. Chem. Educ. 1994, 71, 330-331. 7. Holmquist, D. D.; Volz, D. L. Chemistry with Computers;Vernier Software, Portland OR, 1994.

  15. Thermoelectric Devices: Solid-State Refrigerators and Electrical Generators in the Classroom

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Winder, Edmund J.; Ellis, Arthur B.; Lisensky, George C.

    1996-10-01

    (units of W/m-kelvin). Z has units of K-1; the quantity ZT is therefore unitless and is called the dimensionless figure-of-merit. 7. The lattice component, kl, is largely accounted for by phonon-phonon interactions, the frequency of which is strongly determined by the phonons' mean free paths; these are largely unaffected by changes in carrier concentration. The electronic component, kel, is largely accounted for by electron-atom collisions; the rate of these collisions does depend on the electron concentration, n, and on their mean free path, which is relatively independent of n. 8. This can be explained with reference to Figure 5a. The energy carried by each electron is dependent on the difference in energy between the semiconductor's conduction band edge and the Fermi energy, EF; as carrier concentration increases, the Fermi energy is closer to the conduction band edge (2), reducing the energy difference and the amount of thermal energy each electron carries. An analogous argument can be made for holes in p-type semiconductors. 9. Although wider band-gap semiconductors can be doped to high levels, they do not provide optimum electrical or thermal conductivity. A general rule is that the optimum band gap of a thermoelectric material is approximately 10 kT; kT represents the thermal energy available at a given absolute temperature T. At room temperature, kT is about 0.026 eV. Literature Cited 1. See for example Gosney, W. B. Principles of Refrigeration; Cambridge University: Cambridge, 1982; Chapter 1. 2. For an introduction to semiconductors, see Ellis, A. B.; Geselbracht, M. J.; Johnson, B.J.; Lisensky, G. C.; Robinson, W. R. Teaching General Chemistry: A Materials Science Companion; ACS Books: Washington, DC, 1993; Chapter 8. 3. See Atkins, P. W. Physical Chemistry, 4th ed.; W. H. Freeman: New York, 1990; Chapter 4. 4. Ref 2, Chapter 6. 5. Ref 2, Chapter 5.

  16. hwhap_Ep15_Astronaut Photography

    NASA Image and Video Library

    2017-10-19

    WERE ACTUALLY SHARED ON THEIR TWITTER ACCOUNT, SO YOU CAN FOLLOW ALONG ON THAT JOURNEY. AND I KNOW THAT EACH OF THEM HAVE A COUPLE MONTHS LEFT, SO THERE’S PLENTY OF IMAGES TO SEE OVER THESE NEXT COUPLE OF MONTHS. IF YOU HAVE A QUESTION ABOUT ASTRONAUT PHOTOGRAPHY OR ANYTHING NASA RELATED, JUST GO ON YOUR FAVORITE SOCIAL MEDIA NETWORK AND USE THE HASHTAG #ASKNASA. IF YOU WANT TO ASK US SPECIFICALLY A QUESTION ON “HOUSTON, WE HAVE A PODCAST” JUST MENTION US IN THAT #ASKNASA QUESTION. #HWHAP I THINK IS THE ONE WE LIKE TO USE FOR HWHAP JUST SO YOU CAN LIMIT ALL THOSE CHARACTERS, ESPECIALLY FOR TWITTER. BUT IF YOU’RE NOT FOLLOWING “HOUSTON,WE HAVE A PODCAST” ALREADY, SHAMELESS PLUG. I’D SAY GO AND SUBSCRIBE ON WHATEVER PODCAST AVENUE YOU LISTEN TO. I KNOW WE’RE ON iTUNES, SOUNDCLOUD, AND NASA.GOV. WE JUST RECENTLY GOT ON GOOGLE PLAY, SO WHATEVER MEDIUM YOU LIKE TO LISTEN TO YOUR PODCASTS AT. SO I THINK THAT’LL DO IT FOR US HERE. AGAIN, IF YOU HAVE ANY QUESTIONS, USE THE HASHTAG #NASA, AND BE SURE TO SUBSCRIBE TO “HOUSTON, WE HAVE A PODCAST.” AND WE’LL SEE YOU NEXT TIME, HOPEFULLY THE NEXT TIME WE’RE ON CAMERA TALKING TO SPACE. >> YEAH. >> I HOPE SO. SO SUBSCRIBE TO “HOUSTON, WE HAVE A PODCAST.” WE’LL SEE YOU NEXT TIME. [ MUSIC ] [ INDISTINCT RADIO CHATTER ] >> WELCOME TO SPACE. >> HEY, THANKS FOR STICKING AROUND. SO I THINK WE PLUGGED MOST OF THE THINGS THAT WE WANTED TO TALK ABOUT, ALL THE ASTRONAUT ACCOUNTS THAT YOU CAN FOLLOW, AND NASA ASTRONAUTS, AND WHERE YOU CAN SUBSCRIBE TO “HOUSTON, WE HAVE A PODCAST,” WHICH, IF YOU’RE LISTENING TO THIS RIGHT NOW, CONGRATULATIONS-- YOU DID A GOOD JOB. BUT THIS PODCAST WAS RECORDED ON OCTOBER 13, 2017. THANKS TO ALEX PERRYMAN, JOHN STOLL, TOMMY [ INDISTINCT ], PAULA VARGAS, CHARLES CLENDANIEL, GREG WISEMAN, BILL STAFFORD, JOSH VALCARCEL, ROB NAVIAS, AND OF COURSE MEGAN SUMNER. THANKS AGAIN TO KOMRADE, SABOT, JOE ACABA, AND PAOLO NESPOLI FOR COMING ON THE SHOW. WE’LL BE BACK NEXT WEEK.

  17. Ep6_ The Most Awesome Podcast from Space

    NASA Image and Video Library

    2017-08-11

    THE HASHTAG #ASKNASA. THANKS SO MUCH. [ MUSIC ] >> HOUSTON, GO AHEAD. >> I’M ON THE SPACE SHUTTLE. >> ROGER, ZERO-G AND I FEEL FINE. >> SHUTTLE HAS CLEARED THE TOWER. >> WE CAME IN PEACE FOR ALL MANKIND. >> IT’S ACTUALLY A HUGE HONOR TO BREAK THE RECORD LIKE THIS. >> NOT BECAUSE THEY ARE EASY, BUT BECAUSE THEY ARE HARD. >> HOUSTON, WELCOME TO SPACE. >> HEY, THANKS FOR STICKING AROUND. SO, WE ALREADY KIND OF PLUGGED EVERYTHING THAT WE NEEDED TO PLUG. WE TALKED ABOUT WHERE YOU CAN FOLLOW JACK FISCHER, WHERE YOU CAN FOLLOW THE INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION, ASK QUESTIONS, DO ALL THAT KIND OF STUFF. SO THE ONLY THING I’LL ADD IS THAT THIS PODCAST WAS RECORDED ON AUGUST 10th, 2017. THANKS TO ALEX PERRYMAN, JOHN STOLL, TOMMY GRESIK, PAULA VARGAS, CHARLES GLENN-DANIEL, GREG WISEMAN, ROB NAVIAS, AND OF COURSE DAN HUOT. THANKS AGAIN TO COLONEL JACK FISCHER FOR COMING ON THE SHOW. WE’LL BE BACK NEXT WEEK.

  18. HWHAP Ep35 A Ride on Orion

    NASA Image and Video Library

    2018-03-09

    or maybe we'll dedicate an entire episode to it. So this podcast was recorded on February 7th, 2018. Thanks to Alex Perryman, Greg Wiseman, Tommy Gerczak, Rachel Craft, Laura Rochon, Brandi Dean, Kelly Humphries, and Ryan Stewart. and I wanted to give my condolences to Jeff Fox. He was talking about his father, Mike Fox, during this podcast and just wanted to say rest in peace. He passed away very recently. And I wanted to thank Jeff again for coming on the show today. We'll be back next week.

  19. Houston, We Have a Podcast. Episode 44: Spacecraft Displays

    NASA Image and Video Library

    2018-05-10

    Displays.mp3 Gary Jordan (Host): Houston, We Have a Podcast. Welcome to the official podcast of the NASA Johnson Space Center, Episode 44: Spacecraft Displays. I'm Gary Jordan, and I'll be your host today. So on this podcast, this is the podcast where we bring in the experts -- NASA scientists, engineers, astronauts -- all to let you know the coolest information that's going on right here at NASA. So today we're talking about NASA's deep space human capsule, Orion, which we've discussed several times on the podcast, getting an overview of the capsule, what it would be like to live on it for up to three weeks. But today's episode is focusing specifically on the screens and how they've involved over time from the Shuttle era now to future spacecraft. Coming on the show once again is Jeff Fox, chief engineer of the Rapid Prototype Lab at the Johnson Space Center. He's been on the podcast before, and he actually brought some of the audio from the test run that we've done on Orion, specifically EFT-1. We'll talk about that later. And he gave us a really cool audio experience of riding on a spacecraft. And now he's back to tell us about some of the details behind some of the new displays that are going on Orion. So with no further delay, let's go light speed and jump right ahead to our talk with Mr. Jeff Fox. Enjoy. [ Music ] Host: Jeff, thanks so much for coming back on the podcast. Glad to have you back. Because you've already been here before, right? Jeff Fox: Yes, sir. Thanks for having me. I'm exciting to be here. Host: Of course. That was actually a really good episode, the one we did before. That was "Ride on Orion." You actually brought some of the audio from the inside of the EFT-1 capsule and we got to play it in the middle of the episode. Jeff Fox: Yeah, I remember that. That's great. In fact, we've done many a tour since that episode. Host: Really? And have you gotten any comments about the episode? Jeff Fox: Yes, quite a number of people either approached me through email or in the hallway. And most of the feedback's been good. Maybe they won't tell me if it's bad [Laughs]. But I'm very happy that I didn't say something that sounded too bad. Host: No, absolutely not. I'm glad to have you again because that was a really good episode. And I think this is a good follow-up to it because it's kind of a continuation of the Rapid Prototype Lab. Last time we talked mostly about you were able to play these sounds and kind of sit in this almost simulator and feel what it was like to launch in that EFT-1 capsule, to reenter the earth's atmosphere. But there's this whole other section that's dealing with screens, right, that you actually are looking at and working with the screens that are actually going to be used inside of Orion, right? Jeff Fox: Yeah, that's right. If you imagine the cockpit is three 8.5 by 11 sheets of paper in the portrait or vertical format separated by about let's say 4 to 6 inches in between each roughly. And then each of those pieces of glass, those monitors are -- think of a line drawn horizontally through them so you have a top half and a bottom half. So you have three of these screens, each has a top half and a bottom half. That's the sum total of the display real estate that the crew has to view everything Host: So take us through, like, I guess an audio tour of the Rapid Prototype Lab. I don't think we did that the last episode. Because it's kind of sectioned off and it's in a building that's -- it's the same building where the, I think, astronauts are, right? Am I -- Jeff Fox: That's right. Host: Okay. Jeff Fox: And it is part of the crew office. And it's on the fifth floor. It's in one of the corners of building, kind of controlled access. But, you know, the main charter of the RPL is to build the prototype crew displays that are going to be flown on the Orion spacecraft, the ones the crew will use to monitor and control the spacecraft. Host: Okay. So that's -- I'm guessing that's one of the rooms, right? Are you actually bringing the astronauts from across the hall and saying, "Hey, sit down. I want you to see how this thing is working"? Jeff Fox: Correct. We do do that. And yes, we have to evaluate the displays when we build prototypes. So we definitely put the crew in front of those. To do that we created a couple simulators -- one we talked about before where you lay on your back and then two other orbit or up right ones. We also had to assemble all the hardware to create these simulators. So we have a 3D printer. We have folks that do some electronics work and assemble all the screens. So we have prototype displays to play the -- prototype hardware displays to put the software displays on there so that the crew can evaluate what we're doing. Host: Okay. And they've got to get the experience. It's not just, "Here's the system, check it out." It's, all right, we're going to put you in the -- I guess this is the environment of Orion. This is kind of what it's going to feel like when you're in the real thing. And this is what the controls are going to do. So I guess kind of running through those procedures. Jeff Fox: Yes. We wanted to give the crew a feel of that. I mean, it's one thing to do a PowerPoint and then have somebody look at it and talk to us; it's another thing if you can write some basic code behind it, make the buttons change or the data change in a way that would be representative of the flight so that when the crew goes through the interface with the control on Orion, it feels and acts what it look like. Now, the flight vehicle will be different in the way it implements that. But we need the feedback on how's it working? And because we are way ahead of the -- of the whole operational environment with training, we've got to create these things to be able to get input on these displays early enough on to get them in the design of the vehicle. We can't wait until end because software's obviously complicated, it's a very long logistics tail. Host: Absolutely. And it kind of has a history, too. So it's not like you decided this is the best thing. This is kind of based on lessons and some upgrades that were necessary based on the procedures even back in the Shuttle days. And I'm sure you were working with some of the crews to work with some of the systems back in the Shuttle days, right? Jeff Fox: Yes, yes. And let me give you just a little, quick history on the RPL itself coming into being. The concept of having the crew involved in evaluating and having input into the crew interface has been around for many, many years. You know, even going back, you think of the program before this, CAU for the Shuttle and also some input into X38 and other vehicles. So we had that experience, centuries of experience in the cockpit to bring to bear on this. So just to compare and contrast a little bit with Shuttle. You know, I was very fortunate. I started working here in '84 and was heavily involved in Shuttle through about '96 in different capacities, starting off as an instructor in the systems world. And for people who don't know what systems is, that's like environmental control; life support; you know, Freon loops; water loops; breathing air; APU's; electrical power; those kinds of things. Host: All the systems that actually make the spacecraft work? Jeff Fox: Well, there's guidance, navigation control, propulsion, communications, rendezvous. There's quite a number of them. So, you know, for example, on Shuttle, you know, you're dealing with a design that's early '70s. You know, when you get in the Shuttle, you can see the switches have that feel of an older cockpit. That doesn't mean bad, that just means that was the design, that was the concept. And it worked well. It served us very well. You're talking a cockpit that had approximately in the range of 1,000 to 2,000 hard control points, be it a switch, a circuit breaker, a gauge, you know, a physical thing you could touch. Then you had -- you started off with just a limited number of screens and you had a lot of paper procedures. You had up to a couple hundred pounds of procedures. And they addressed every manner of the flight phase from [inaudible] entry to, you know, post-insertions, de-orbit prep, getting ready to come home, rendezvous, RMS, you know, the robot arm. That's a lot of paper. It's a stack of paper. Maybe it's as tall as you, you know? And that's a lot of weight, a lot of mass. But it did the job well. You know, you could pull a book out, you could put it on your lap. You could have that book that had your favorite notes in it about don't forget to flip this switch. I always miss it in this procedure. You could get a message on your panel, what we call the F-7 panel that had kind of like an idiot light on it and a software message on the screen and go, "Oh, that's what it is." And then say, "Hey, I know what procedure to work." I look at my display, which is right there, get data about it. I'd read the procedure, the procedure would say do this. And in order to do something, I had to throw a switch. So I'd go over on a switch on a panel, maybe to my left. Maybe it's a Freon pump I have to turn off and turn a different one on. So I'd reach over and do that and it would be done. Now, it sounds like a lot, it sounds complicated, but it was very quick because everything was in my gaze immediately -- the error message, the data on the display, the procedure, and the switch. So very quickly I can get trained to see all those things. Move and throw a switch, I'm recovered. So actually, that system worked very well. Host: And that's -- is that what you were doing as a systems instructor? You were taking the astronauts through each system and these procedures that you're talking about, too? Jeff Fox: Yes. So when I started off, I always like to say they were training me for several years, the crews. You know, you're just happy to be there, you're learning, you're trying to stay very open-minded because you've got a lot to learn -- still the case today. And we started off learning the individual systems one at a time as an example in something called the single systems trainer. In fact, for folks that are here at JSC, if you go over to Building 30 and you look in the lobby, there's one of them there. And it was where you would just train one system at a time. There's another one at Building 4 North in the lobby as well, I believe. And we would go in there and, for example, I can remember vividly one training session on the environmental control life support system. It's just you and one person. And it was to today it's one of the highlights being able to sit in there with the crew one-on-one and try to, you know, impart on them some knowledge about how a system works or what to do when it doesn't work. And I remember vividly having John Young in there one time. And I'd only been here, like, two years. You know? I think I was 26 at the time. Host: Yeah. Jeff Fox: And I didn't know anything too much about John other than hey, this guy walked on the moon. And I'm thinking, "Wow, this is -- you know, I'm in here, I'm training him. I think he's training me [Laughs]." So anyway, so as we got through this two-hour lesson, about half an hour in I'm just dying. I got to ask him what was it like to walk on the moon? So I just broke down and said, "I'm going to ask." And I asked him. And I remember he started talking, and my eyes got wide and my mouth was open. And he probably talked for 20 minutes on it. And people would ask me to this day what did he say and I says," I have no idea. I can't remember. But I just knew I asked him and I was wide-eyed and soaking it all in." And I said, "But I got to ask him." So it was one of the perks, just a fun time. But that was a single systems trainer. We also had the Shuttle trainers, the simulators. Some folks might remember those. And those had all of the systems in them. Some of them we touched on earlier. And those all worked integrated together. And the instructor teams would work with the crew. And we would work through different scenarios with all the paper and the switches and voice loops and manage the data that way. And we also would train with the flight controllers. After the crew got somewhat proficient, we would flow that day to the control center like we do today. And we were on training tea ms back behind the glass over in the control center, instigating the problems and trying to make life miserable for flight control and trying to put them in positions to make good decisions. Sometimes they went ways we didn't even expect. So we learned from them. So. Host: Wow. All right. I wanted to back up to that single systems trainer that you were talking about. Sounds like if you're looking inside the Shuttle cockpit, you said there's somewhere between 1,000 and 2,000 switches. And that's a lot. So it sounds like you're sort of training these astronauts in stages. So you sort of put them in an environment where you're dealing with maybe one system, and you are working on the controls and okay, these controls work on this particular system. Now let's go to another one with this particular system. And then eventually get to a point where everything is in front of you and you have to know, and maybe you're blending your thoughts from okay, you're training from this system to this system. So is that kind of the process, the training flow for astronauts? Or am I getting that wrong? Jeff Fox: No, that's very good. In fact, we didn't have the advantage; really, computers were just starting back then. Host: Oh, yeah. Jeff Fox: A little quick note. In our office -- I have it share this with folks. Host: Oh, yeah. Jeff Fox: I remember distinctly when we were in Building 4 North, this old building that's been around since Apollo times. There's about six of us in this room, just jammed in. And this computer came in and we're like, "What do we do with this thing?" Right? And it's like it had a five and a quarter inch floppy disk for people that know what that is or if you want to look it up and see what it is. And so we're looking at this screen, it's got a keyboard. And we're like, "Do you want to use it? No, I don't want to use it. Do you want it? No, I don't want it." So what we did is we put it on a bookcase in the middle of the room and said, "If somebody wants to use it, they can stand up and use it right here [Laughs]." So that's all we knew. And then we said, "Hey, but there are some guys down at the end of the hall and they got this computer and it's got this, like, eight-inch floppy. These people must be really smart." We don't know what it does, but, you know, we just thought -- [ Multiple Speakers ] -- they were smarter than we were. The advantage nowadays, you know, you've got the electronic media and you've got much better methods to train people with, right? But back then for us and the astronauts alike, flight controllers, you came in, you were going to learn a system, you got a stack of workbooks. That workbook -- I can remember having workbooks stacked two, three feet high and thinking, "I'm never going to get through this." So the crews would read those things. We had some classroom training and other ways to train people. Then they would work their way up, like you mentioned, to the single systems trainer, training one system at a time. They would do a lot of those, put all the pieces of all the systems together. Then if you will graduate up to something like the Shuttle mission simulator where they would be with other crew. They would have all the simulation systems together at once. And then they could fly a mission or practice a launch, or an abort, or that type of thing. Host: Yeah. So if you're working with a book and eventually you go through all of your systems and you know each individual part, now you're dealing with a handbook that's as high as you, how do you know what to flip to? How do you know -- are the astronauts expected to memorize these procedures or at least know kind of what to do? Or do they have maybe people helping them along the way? Jeff Fox: Well, there are some that did memorize quite a number of them. You know, we had a core team on the Shuttle, right, on the flight deck. You had the commander in the left seat, the pilot in the right seat, and in the center seat just behind them was the MS-2, mission specialist 2. Or I think of him more like the conductor and keeping every on track. Because, you know, you've got people responsible for flying the vehicle and in charge of the overall thing and the other seat maybe with critical systems. And the guy in the center, the MS-2, the flight engineer keeping you honest. So they would work together as a team working through things. So how would the crew possibly keep track of all these procedures? It's a great question. Well, the books are split up in different ways. You've got books that they use on assent or launch, books or orbit, books on entry, that type of thing. Then they're subdivided into books when you're working in that are nominal procedures when everything is going right and then books where we call them off-nominal where everything is going wrong. So an example on an assent, you might have the assent checklist -- that's good. Everything's going good, I'm flipping through it, I'm monitoring things. Then you'd have a book called the assent entry systems or assent pocket checklist. And those represent different times throughout the assent where if something goes wrong, I'm going to flip through that book. And that book was further subdivided by systems. So if I had problem in one of the propulsion systems of the engines, I'd flip to that tab, read something and it would tell me what to do. And, again, it was a team effort, you know, folks watching and checking you, especially on critical switch throws. Host: Yeah. And so I'm guessing the emergency handbooks were a little bit larger than the regular nominal handbooks, right? I'm guessing you have a lot more in case something goes wrong. Jeff Fox: Well, there was all manner of them, you know? If you think on the critical flight phases, you know, your launch and landing, assent entry, you might have things called cue cards that were literally Velcroed to the panel, very short critical steps. So I don't have time to get down to other things, I need some stuff right in front of me, you know? Then you had other books that were called flip books. And that might be another level of critical that may be just one off of that. Then you have another book that you would open called let's say the pocket checklist that was after that. And maybe that's after -- further along the assent or the engines are shut down, I want to open that book because there's other steps I need to work in that failure chain to look at things. But I don't want to be doing that while I'm burning on engines. If my engines are good and I'm safe and I'm going uphill, I don't want to be working a lot of the things; I need to monitor that whole flight phase and make sure nothing bad is going on. Then as I have time and the criticality is less, then I can get to follow-on recovery procedures. Host: Okay. So it seems like there's a lot of training that they have to do. And especially it sounds like when they're studying these procedures, they have to know more about each -- at least the steps, at least, "Okay, now I'm at this part. If something goes wrong, I got to flip to this part of my book and follow the procedure." Not maybe necessarily memorizing the procedures each and every single one in order exactly the way it is, but maybe at least, "Okay, I know where to go." It's like looking at a map. Like, okay, if I were to pull out the map, I know I'm here. And then you just kind of look at the surrounding area. I guess that's kind of the logic of training for systems. Jeff Fox: True. Except that I would say if you talk to some of those crews, I bet the ones that had to put their hands on the switches or the displays around a certain system, I bet they've read and if they haven't memorized, they pretty much know what's going to happen. But they're not just going to blindly execute it. They're going to read it. Because you know when you get in the cockpit you lose IQ point. And you know you need to -- you're trying to make sure you don't make a mistake. You're reading it carefully. And if you need to get double checked or backed up before you throw a critical switch. But I'll bet that they have been through every inch of that book and looked at it. Because I know I would if I was putting my hands on those switches. You don't want to make a mistake. Host: Absolutely. Because I guess it's fair to say that through each of those procedures, they've actually practiced it, right? They've actually gone through, read it, at least some of them they've practiced. Jeff Fox: Probably read it. Whether they've executed every single procedure or we have had time to throw every scenario, every failure in, in all of these books, maybe not. Host: Yeah. Jeff Fox: You know, a lot of them can be repetitive. Let's say it's an electrical system. You know? There's all kind of electrical buses. Do you have to have every electrical bus fail, work every one of those to be qualified to work it? Probably not. But there might be some idiosyncrasies with some you want to make sure you target. Like, if you lose that one, there's this little nuance. So as a training team and the crew, we would be sure we would do that one. Host: Yeah. So as an instructor, I guess you sort of saw the astronauts go through this training program, to learn the systems from day one until the day they fly; how long did it actually take for an astronaut to go through that? Jeff Fox: Well, it's a great question and some of that varied. And I'm really stretching my memory going back. And for folks that are listening that may know better than me, forgive me. But, you know, typically once the crew -- they got trained and they went in the pool, then they get assigned to a flight. And then they get some -- there's several things going on. You've got the dynamic flight phases of the vehicle like the launch, landing, that type of stuff that are very intensive training -- hundreds of hours just in the simulator. Host: Wow. Jeff Fox: And you would add on flying the Shuttle training aircraft and other simulators and, you know, a lot of different things. Then you have well, the reason you're there on orbit is to do some kind of science or payload, right? So you have other folks that are maybe in another parallel flow, working real hard to do that training. So they got to know that thing inside and out. If something goes wrong, they're there to fix it, put their hands on it. You know? There's similarities to Station. There's some commanding that was available from the ground. I don't know if it's as extravagant as it is now. But you're the one that's responsible for that. And, again, so, you know, summarizing typical training flow. Well, it depended on the mission. And I'm really stretching my memory, but for some complex missions it could be a couple of years. But you would have people, you know, getting smart on payloads and other things, you know, well in advance of their assigned crew training, which typically might start about nine months out from launch where you would start to come together as a crew and do some basic stuff in the Shuttle simulator and your other satellite one-on-one type of training courses. So the amount of time you'd spend, again, for assent entry, you know, hundreds of hours -- several hundred hours just in the simulator. And then, again, another group of people doing the payloads. They might do a couple hundred hours or more just on their payload independent of you. And then we might culminate into something called a long sim where we would bring everybody together. And it might be a 36-hour or a two-day sim where you would actually run it continuously, you know, have shift changes in the control center. The crew might go home and sleep during the crew sleep period but then come back. And we would generally try to work in one of those, I believe, for each sim and we would figure out what the optimum timeline was to work. So those were always interesting. Host: Yeah, because you were basically simulating a mission. This is what you would do in the mission. You would go home and sleep and you would be taking turns, that sort of thing. Jeff Fox: Correct. At least get that key part of the mission that made sense. Obviously you weren't going to do 9, 10 days, two weeks. Host: Yeah. Jeff Fox: But you were going to select a portion of it. Host: So as a systems instructor, what systems were you instructing for? Was it mainly the life support systems? Did you kind of have more of a broad approach? Jeff Fox: Systems is kind of a collection of different ones. Host: Okay. Jeff Fox: When I say environmental control life support, I mean, you know, the breathing air, Freon loops, and water loops, and air loops that are used to cool equipment and atmospheric conditioning and that type of thing. Auxiliary power units, you know, those are -- I think most folks know what that is. Hydraulics is another one. Electrical buses, the power system, the electrical power system. Host: So you were teaching all of these? Jeff Fox: All these. Cryo, the cryo tanks, which drove the chemical reaction or produced the electricity, which also made the water. So those systems. Then you had mechanical systems, some of those -- like the payload bay doors. Then you had a little bit of a caution warning system, I believe. So it was quite a broad brush. Host: Wow. Yeah, you must have known those systems inside and out then, right? [Laughs] Jeff Fox: We had to know them pretty well because you never knew what kind of question you were going to get asked. Host: That's right. Jeff Fox: And at that time the flight control was a separate division. And I remember that we always wanted to put training and flight control together. And now I think we've successfully done that in this day and age where, you know, you know your systems inside and out on the station, you've been on console, and now that's the people we want to be training the crew. Back then it was just a different model. We had the training guys, you had the flight control guys. And we might know it to one level; flight control would know it to another level; and operational; and then you had the engineering folks that might know the nuts and bolts on how the thing was made at a different level. So all those folks had to work together whenever you had an issue during the mission to try to resolve a problem. Host: So was there anything that changed over your 12-year time of working as a system instructor? Did things improve? Did you sort of change or tweak maybe procedures as you were going along or maybe the technology improved? Jeff Fox: Well, you know, there was one upgrade in the Shuttle, although I didn't work it directly. We had a lot of column steam gauges, you know, on the forward panel. You know, if you know what the ADI or the eight ball is on there, it was a mechanical instrument, you know, expensive, calibrated, got to be maintained, have a certain amount of them. Well, that could be replicated digitally as well. So there was an upgrade made that allowed us to digitally replicate that. That was a good thing. So that was something that was done right in the cockpit. That was done across a number of displays that the crew could look at on the forward console. So it took the place of other steam gauges, ADI's, tapes, meters, things like that. So that was a physical improvement you could see. It was probably more of maybe a high cost to put in, but hopefully maintaining it was lower. I never was close to the numbers on that. Host: Yeah. Jeff Fox: But the procedures, you know, we would update those and we found problems. That was a continual thing, you know? You're always trying to stay ahead. Or your mission had something unique, so you're changing procedures or putting them in real time or training on them before the mission. Host: So let's jump ahead now to taking some of these lessons, some of these -- your work instructing astronauts to work these systems. Let's jump ahead now to Orion and go back to these three screens that are kind of split from top to bottom. And what has changed with all of these procedures of flipping all these knobs that are all within eyeshot, looking at these screens? Now what's the new setup for this new vehicle? Jeff Fox: Okay, so unlike Shuttle, which we mentioned how many physical control points they had -- Host: Yes. Jeff Fox: -- think of more along the lines of 60, 70 switches on a forward panel. There might be a handful somewhere else in the vehicle. And the waste control system area or lights are different, com or data little ports, but the majority are in front of you on the panel by these three pieces of glass the displays are on. But the majority of those 67 switches, I'd say, they're either used off nominally if there's a problem, or maybe post-splashdown, or that type of thing. They're not routinely thrown. So there's a lot of control points, though, in all these systems on the Orion spacecraft. You know, they sill have cooling loops, and communication systems, and all these things that were represented by a hard switch for the most part on the Shuttle are now a software blip on a screen that's under that piece of glass that we talked about. So you have to design these displays to throw these switches in the software whereas you could reach and grab a physical switch on the Shuttle before. Host: If you've ever seen a Shuttle cockpit, actually, they have -- I think it's a 360 photo somewhere on the Internet. I forget exactly where. But you can basically look around and the whole thing was just filled with switches -- up, left, right, right in front -- everywhere is just switches. So now you're talking about constraining all of these different things, all of these different components into these three screens; how do you fit everything? Jeff Fox: Yep, a great question. Orion doesn't have all of the subsystems that Shuttle had, but they still have a lot. And you still got to get that stuff on a software display. Host: Yeah. Jeff Fox: So the challenge is not only are all those switches under the glass in a software screen, but all of the procedures -- that couple pounds of flight data file -- roughly we're working with maybe half a pound of procedures. And that's what happens if my computer goes down, I lose my screen, how do I reboot it? Because that's how you got to get access to all these different ways to turn a pump on or off, or an engine, or whatever it is. So that is different, you know? You don't have to carry around all the switches and all the wiring, so you save weight, maybe you save some costs there. But the flipside is you got to put all those control points under a software screen. And you don't have the real estate in front of you. And if you're sitting there listening, just take three sheets of paper, put them 8.5 by 11 in front of you with about four to six inches between them, and imagine you got to put all this stuff for all these systems under there. It's very challenging. So all the work that we've been doing is how do you get access to that stuff, including all your procedures, all your little switch throws, everything you got to do in that little amount of real estate? That's a tough challenge. Now, we've been very successful in doing that. We got great feedback from the crew. It's just different. I mean, there's certain things that were easier when you had a piece of paper in front of you and you could look at the procedure and grab over and throw the switch. But now I have to go into menu on this screen on Orion, I have to select something and drop it down and open up a display. Well, we thought about that, we can't embed things so deeply in a menu that -- in a critical situation you got to find it now. So we've had to be very creative with some auxiliary or other controls that are in your hand that might allow you shortcuts to get to certain displays. So there's things that we've instituted and tried over and over in different evaluations with the crew and simulations that are telling us we've got the right system, we're on the right track. Host: Well, I guess put me in the seat of the Orion now. Because if I was in the Shuttle, I would have all of these switches around me. But now I only have a few things I can interact with and then a few different options for what I could be looking at, at the same time. So I guess we'll start with what buttons can I press? Jeff Fox: Okay. So around each of these 8.5 by 11 pieces of glass are several collection of edge keys or bezel keys. You know, if you look at some things like an F-18 or something like that, a cockpit, you'll see buttons around there. Well, that's one way you can press around the perimeter of that glass to interface with data under the glass. Host: Okay. Jeff Fox: But let's say I'm strapped in for launch and I'm in a suit. And I got these three pieces of glass, I'm laying on my back, these things are above me. Visualize yourself doing that. And now I got to push one of these buttons. Say it's in the screen that's kind of in the center between me and the other guy, all right, and I got to reach for it. But my arms aren't that long, let's say, and I can't reach that button in the center of the screen on the top. How am I going to get to that? I got to do something with it. So we created something called a cursor control device, CCD for short. That goes in your left hand. It's like a mouse, but it doesn't move, you know? It physically stays fixed. So that allows us -- when we can't reach the key around the display, we can use that thing to interface inside of the display. You kind of tab around with your thumb with a rocker switch and it moves you very quickly over something. And you can enter, and stop, and press, and do things inside the screen. Host: But you have to do that with a pressurized glove, right? Jeff Fox: When we designed it, we did a lot of testing. It had to work, one, for a glove that I guess you called it vent press if nothing bad goes wrong. Slight press, you know, you're suited with a glove on. Host: Oh, yeah. Jeff Fox: If all goes well and you don't have a cabin leak, then the glove doesn't get real hard. Host: That's right. Jeff Fox: But if it gets hard, will it still work? Host: Yeah. Jeff Fox: You know? And then if I take the glove off and I want to use it with a bare hand that I optimized so good for the glove that's not comfortable for the bare hand? So we were thinking about all that stuff primarily for the glove. And we did things like take that cursor control device and put it in a glove box. We reduced the pressure in there. We put our hand in a glove, put it on the cursor devices. The glove swelled up, puffed up, simulating a leak in the cabin. And then we would use that and interface with a screen on the outside of the glove box to see how well is that working? What's the fatigue, you know, if I use this a long time? And are these buttons in the right place? So that turned out to be a continual development of the shape and placement of these controls. But it works very well. Host: It's amazing how many different scenarios you have to think of. Because I was thinking about just the glove, but now you're talking about the glove, a pressurized glove, and the bare hand. It's got to work in all these different situations. So I guess you could say this cursor is very specially designed for exactly this scenario. Jeff Fox: That's exactly correct. Very specially designed. Host: So you're able to, I guess, control and go around. But I'm trying to imagine what am I controlling? Am I controlling a mouse on the screen? What am I doing? Host: Good question. So with the cursor device, when you're not pushing any buttons, you want to interact with these screens in front of you. So let's take one of the screens. You've got two crew in the front of the cockpit, three screens. One of these screens is in front of the commander and the pilot. One is in the middle and is shared. Let's take the one in front of the commander. Remember I mentioned that the screen is split in half horizontally. You got a top half and a bottom half. Host: Yeah. Jeff Fox: This cursor device, let's say I got to get something inside of this screen, I've got to turn a pump off. How do I get in there? So there's a switch on there called a castle switch that you can move. You can change your field of focus and where you can interact with that display. So first I got to be able to get to that display. So what we do is we put a menu at the top of the screen, let's say. So first I got to be able to call up the right display so I can use that little castle switch, move it, get up to the menu, move around in there, select the thing I want, bring up a screen. Now I'm inside the screen. Now what do I do? Now the cursor is live inside the screen. And there's a lot of little zones in there that are hot. They're a green color by nature, so that means you know you can interact with them. So now I can use this little rocker switch. I can move around and land on the thing I want. I hit the enter button on one of those things. Well, then what happens? Then I get a little pop-up window. And that tells you what you can do to that element -- turn it on, turn it off, manual, auto, whatever it is. Enable, inhibit. And I can move around in there and do something to it. I can change the state of it. And I do that with that cursor control device. Host: All electronically, right? Jeff Fox: All electronically, yes. Host: So I guess if you're looking at your systems, where are your procedures? Because I guess do you have the ability to have a book on your lap like you were talking about for Shuttle? Jeff Fox: No, you don't. Because all those displays -- excuse me, all those procedures are now also under the glass. Host: Oh. Jeff Fox: So you have to share the real estate with not only your systems display, but your procedures and, you know, electronically. We call it EPROC for short -- electronic procedures. And you might have hundreds and hundreds of those just like you had on the Shuttle. You can't look at all those at once, so you bring up a screen that has a menu and says, "You want to go to what system?" I want to go to the guidance navigation and control section, okay? Open that up. There's 50, 75 procedures in there. And you either get a caution warning message that pops up, tells you which one to go to or the ground might call and tell you go to that one. You click on it, you can open it. Bam, that procedure will pop up. And it may write over something that's on the screen before. That just means you have to -- the way you manipulate the data on the screen, you don't want to stomp on something that you already have. So you have to be able to reorganize your layout, maybe move it to that center screen, something you were just monitoring. So I can work a procedure on something that's a problem on the screen in front of me. So you are learning to work with that screen management or display management, if you will. Host: Yeah, that's right. Because you can only have so many things on at one time and in your view. But I love that idea if there's a caution or warning signal or some kind of pop-up, you can just click on the pop-up and say, "Okay, bring me to the procedure that is going to fix this problem," or something. Is that what you were talking about? Jeff Fox: You could. When you open it, there's a way -- you look your messages. We do have some improved ways of looking at the messages. You know, before they just came up by time on the Shuttle. You got an error message and maybe it said time or just came up in time. Now we can sort those by criticality. So let's say a warning might be red and a caution might be yellow. Well, warning, I want to do something about the warning. It's red, it's bad. That's what I want to do something about first. Host: Yeah. Jeff Fox: So but right now I got reds and yellows all over the place. So I can sort the type of message it is. So I put all the red ones on top. And I may even be able to sort the red inside the group of red to tell me what's the most important. I'll give you an example. Let's say an electrical bus fails. That might generate five or more red messages. Because one, the bus failed, but a whole bunch of equipment failed behind it. So I'm getting all these messages for equipment fail. But it's not really an equipment fail, it's a bus fail. So maybe if I was smart on the ground and I was able in software to prioritize those messages, I would say, "Hey, be smart enough to recognize that that's this bus and put that at the top." And so I'll work that. And so I can send that procedure to an open set of procedures and open that display and have it call up the correct systems display, the correct text. It tells me what to do and compare data or answer questions yes or no. And it will walk me through all that. So there's two interesting modes to the electronic procedures that's really at the heart of the cockpit. You can always do everything manually. Like we talked about before, the cursor device or the bezel keys, you can punch buttons, you can get inside of display, you can change the state of something manually. You always want to protect for that. If the ground called you and said, "Hey, we need you to throw this switch or turn this redundant com system on or off" I can just go to that; I don't need a whole procedure for that. So I want to be able to do that. But there's something called a guided mode with these electronic procedures that is smart enough that it will take you through them automatically. When you work a procedure, it doesn't mean you're going to be looking at just one display. You may be looking at several systems' displays. Well, I don't want have to go call them up manually and figure out where to go in there or look at the procedure and figure out what data they want me to compare and where it is on the screen. Well, electronic procedures in the guided mode will walk you through all that automated. So let's say I answer a question about is the Freon pump on? So it is smart enough that it will call the Freon pump display with all the data about the Freon pump up for you in addition to the text of the procedure. And then you just say, you know, "Yes, it's on." And then it will automatically go to the next step and procedure. And let's say the next step is it wants you to look at something in the air system, the environmental -- the pressurized air system. It will automatically call that up for you. You don't have to call that up. It will put the cursor in the zone for let's say the cabin pressure. And it will just say, "Hey, is it above 13 PSI?" It will just ask you a question, yes or no. You answer yes, boom, that one's down. The procedure will index down another line all by itself. So the workload is much reduced. We actually did a study a while back to see how many -- how much workload you would save manually punching buttons over the computer in EPOC guided mode helping you. And there was about ten to one in the number of manual switch throws you would have to do versus having the system guide you through it. Host: And I guess it proved to be more further. Jeff Fox: It's much more efficient. It's really at the heart of the cockpit. If you had to do all that manually, you know, manually call up displays, manually go up and check nominal data, as well as off-nominal data because some of it will be underneath, it would be an information juggling challenge. So you need some aids to help you do that. And that's what's designed in to several parts of the display and control system to help you manage that information. Host: Man, I feel like -- I don't want to push it, but I feel like that could be something that I could do [Laughs]. Jeff Fox: You can and -- Host: If I got up to guided controls and they were just pointing me, "Hey, is the Freon pump" -- and then it shows you Freon pump on, okay. Yeah, check. Jeff Fox: It's a little difficult to articulate, you know, in words because you're not seeing it. And if you saw it -- Host: Yeah. Jeff Fox: I could take you in there with very little knowledge about Orion or any cockpit, and in about two hours I bet you would be -- feel very comfortable with 80% of the whole interface, from the cursor devices to the bezel keys, to the electronic procedures. You'd say, "That just flows very natural." The buttons are in the right place, the logic, the way you pull the displays up and the menu. It's easy. If I need to find something, I can get to it. And you can feel pretty confident. Now, there's that other let's say 10% to 20% that you have to design all these corner cases you call it where if we had to do it, we could. But I better practice those some more because I might forget those because I don't use them very often. Host: That's right. Jeff Fox: And that's the case, too. But I tell you, we do a lot of evals, we bring in subjects for other human test program things that are outside the RPL that use a variance of this. And they bring in people that are not pilots that do this or similar type of things. We bring in crew, of course. We also are bringing in Navy and Air Force test pilots from the test pilot schools, you know, from Pax River and Edwards Air Force Base. And now they're a different group, obviously. They're used to cockpits. But the benefit we get out of them is they see all kinds of new systems that are out there. They can maybe bring something to the knowledge pool of what we've already done or recommend something. And we -- you know, we have leveraged off their recommendations in the past. Host: That's great. You're getting a lot of feedback from all different areas to make it easy but also kind of intuitive and appropriate for the folks who are going to be flying it. Have you actually sat down with a, I guess, former Shuttle pilot who has seen both ends, the Shuttle and the Orion, and maybe give any feedback there? Jeff Fox: We've had a number of them. We've had, you know, anywhere from mission specialists to a couple front seat, you know, pilot commander types. And we've really gotten good feedback. I mean, the first time you see it, it's a little -- like anything new, how do I operate this? Host: Yeah, this is so new. Jeff Fox: But once you get into it, you know, we do our Orion cockpit 101, I tell you, I can take anybody that's listening to this broadcast that could get in there and they would feel pretty comfortable. Now, would they retain that two weeks from now? Maybe 50%. But I tell you, if you use it on a daily basis, it's very comfortable. Host: I'm guessing you're pretty efficient at it now, right now. Jeff Fox: Pretty. You know, some of those corner cases I need to go brush up on. You know? If somebody asked me, I might have to ask the real experts, you know, that actually created it. But anyway, yes, we are very confident. We are actually using it in some mini-integrated simulations where we bring in the flight controllers, flight directors, CAPCOM types. We have a little room up in our lab that we have audio that we can send to our crew station with the crew and the flight control. We can introduce some malfunctions. And we can test not only what is it like for the crew to use this system by itself, but what happens when the flight control guys are trying to talk to you? And this is the first time they got exposure to this system. How clumsy or how good is that, you know? So what are we doing well and is there things we can improve on. Host: So what are some of the next steps that you have to through to make sure that this thing is ready to fly? Jeff Fox: Well, you know, we're pretty far along in a number of years. We've got about 70 crew displays that we have to prototype. The RPL's main charter is to prototype these 70 displays that the crew will use to monitor and control the spacecraft. Also, write the documents -- we call them as-built documents -- that describes how that system will work in great detail. When you read that, you have a very good feel -- lots of screen snapshots for how you use it. So we are in the middle of prototyping all those displays. You know, maybe we're half-done but we have half to go. So it's a lot of work. It's a small lab. You know, we've got a lot of really talented people wearing a lot of hats. You know, we've got to create these documents, and build these prototypes, get the crew in front of them. That product is, you know, a critical in-line product to the program. And it represents, you know, the crew's interface. Host: That sounds like a lot of work, man. Not only do you have to design the interfaces and all these screens, you have to write the manual for it. Jeff Fox: That's one of the -- believe it or not, that is one of the most challenging things on this project. Because, you know, NASA's used to reviewing stuff. If you sends them something to review in paper, they'll look at it, you know? And so we've got a lot of these things going on. We have teams of folks, you know, engineers, flight controllers, systems experts all together helping design this. And then we put these screens together, we have a lot of technical reviews. They come out in this document. And then we receive feedback. And then when we're happy, that can move forward and be accepted through the software boards and that type of thing. Host: So let's kind of wrap up with taking this technology that you guys are developing, these screens and these procedures, and having all of this feedback to create this beautiful set of procedures and technology; is there anywhere that it can be applied? It seems very specialized, but is there anything that it can be applied to on earth or maybe on future missions, or any kind of technology transfer there? Jeff Fox: Interesting you say that because the generic part of the software -- there's a couple components on it. When I say generic, I mean the public affairs stuff that we can send out, there is a version of it that's available to folks. Then there's another piece of that with our displays that are more proprietary. We have made it available and several entities have picked up, they wanted to study it and look at it. And when we built it, we actually were soliciting and looking at the designs of a lot of different things from, you know, a submarine to military aircraft, civilian aircraft, you know, even the Airbus, a nuclear power plant. How are people managing critical information? You know? And what is the design we need, what can we leverage to make it do that and more? Because we've got a very complex set of tasks. Everything from the more mundane on orbit to, you know, the criticality of a launch or landing. Host: Yeah, seems like some seriously complicated work. But it seems like you're really trucking through it. And really appreciate it. So Jeff, thank you so much for coming on and explaining what you do and this work going into the spacecraft displays that are actually going to fly on future missions. Really appreciate you describing that and coming on the podcast again. Thanks so much. Jeff Fox: Appreciate the opportunity, thank you. [ Music ] Host: Hey. Thanks for sticking around. So today we talked once again with Mr. Jeff Fox, and he gave us a little tour of the spacecraft displays that are going to be in Orion and then also a little bit of history on what happened during the Shuttle days and how that sort of transitioned to some of the logic behind the system displays for the Orion. So if you want to know more specifically about Orion, NASA.gov slash -- guess what -- Orion. Yes, that's where you can find some of the latest and greatest about that vehicle. Otherwise you can go on Facebook, Instagram, or Twitter and see the latest and greatest there. On Facebook it's NASA Orion; Twitter is @NASA_Orion; and Instagram is @ExploreNASA. That one actually has Orion and the space launch system, which we talked about a couple episodes ago. You can use the #AskNASA -- there it is -- on any one of those platforms to ask a question about Orion or you can go to the NASA Johnson Space Center accounts on any one of those platforms and submit a question for Houston, We Have a Podcast. We might bring it on one of the future episodes or make a whole episode out of it, which we've actually done a couple times. So this podcast was recorded on March 21st, 2018. Thanks to Alex Perryman, Greg Wiseman, Tommy Gerczak, Rachel Craft, Laura Rochon, Brandi Dean, Pat Ryan, Bill Stafford, and Kelly Humphries. A lot of people to thank for this one. And thanks again to Jeff Fox for coming on the show. We'll be back next week.