Sample records for hafnium 188

  1. Hafnium radioisotope recovery from irradiated tantalum

    DOEpatents

    Taylor, Wayne A.; Jamriska, David J.

    2001-01-01

    Hafnium is recovered from irradiated tantalum by: (a) contacting the irradiated tantalum with at least one acid to obtain a solution of dissolved tantalum; (b) combining an aqueous solution of a calcium compound with the solution of dissolved tantalum to obtain a third combined solution; (c) precipitating hafnium, lanthanide, and insoluble calcium complexes from the third combined solution to obtain a first precipitate; (d) contacting the first precipitate of hafnium, lanthanide and calcium complexes with at least one fluoride ion complexing agent to form a fourth solution; (e) selectively adsorbing lanthanides and calcium from the fourth solution by cationic exchange; (f) separating fluoride ion complexing agent product from hafnium in the fourth solution by adding an aqueous solution of ferric chloride to obtain a second precipitate containing the hafnium and iron; (g) dissolving the second precipitate containing the hafnium and iron in acid to obtain an acid solution of hafnium and iron; (h) selectively adsorbing the iron from the acid solution of hafnium and iron by anionic exchange; (i) drying the ion exchanged hafnium solution to obtain hafnium isotopes. Additionally, if needed to remove residue remaining after the product is dried, dissolution in acid followed by cation exchange, then anion exchange, is performed.

  2. Ablation Resistant Zirconium and Hafnium Ceramics

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Bull, Jeffrey (Inventor); White, Michael J. (Inventor); Kaufman, Larry (Inventor)

    1998-01-01

    High temperature ablation resistant ceramic composites have been made. These ceramics are composites of zirconium diboride and zirconium carbide with silicon carbide, hafnium diboride and hafnium carbide with silicon carbide and ceramic composites which contain mixed diborides and/or carbides of zirconium and hafnium. along with silicon carbide.

  3. Hafnium isotope stratigraphy of ferromanganese crusts

    PubMed

    Lee; Halliday; Hein; Burton; Christensen; Gunther

    1999-08-13

    A Cenozoic record of hafnium isotopic compositions of central Pacific deep water has been obtained from two ferromanganese crusts. The crusts are separated by more than 3000 kilometers but display similar secular variations. Significant fluctuations in hafnium isotopic composition occurred in the Eocene and Oligocene, possibly related to direct advection from the Indian and Atlantic oceans. Hafnium isotopic compositions have remained approximately uniform for the past 20 million years, probably reflecting increased isolation of the central Pacific. The mechanisms responsible for the increase in (87)Sr/(86)Sr in seawater through the Cenozoic apparently had no effect on central Pacific deep-water hafnium.

  4. SEPARATION OF HAFNIUM FROM ZIRCONIUM

    DOEpatents

    Overholser, L.B.; Barton, C.J. Sr.; Ramsey, J.W.

    1960-05-31

    The separation of hafnium impurities from zirconium can be accomplished by means of organic solvent extraction. The hafnium-containing zirconium feed material is dissolved in an aqueous chloride solution and the resulting solution is contacted with an organic hexone phase, with at least one of the phases containing thiocyanate. The hafnium is extracted into the organic phase while zirconium remains in the aqueous phase. Further recovery of zirconium is effected by stripping the onganic phase with a hydrochloric acid solution and commingling the resulting strip solution with the aqueous feed solution. Hexone is recovered and recycled by means of scrubbing the onganic phase with a sulfuric acid solution to remove the hafnium, and thiocyanate is recovered and recycled by means of neutralizing the effluent streams to obtain ammonium thiocyanate.

  5. Zirconium and hafnium

    USGS Publications Warehouse

    Jones, James V.; Piatak, Nadine M.; Bedinger, George M.; Schulz, Klaus J.; DeYoung,, John H.; Seal, Robert R.; Bradley, Dwight C.

    2017-12-19

    Zirconium and hafnium are corrosion-resistant metals that are widely used in the chemical and nuclear industries. Most zirconium is consumed in the form of the main ore mineral zircon (ZrSiO4, or as zirconium oxide or other zirconium chemicals. Zirconium and hafnium are both refractory lithophile elements that have nearly identical charge, ionic radii, and ionic potentials. As a result, their geochemical behavior is generally similar. Both elements are classified as incompatible because they have physical and crystallochemical properties that exclude them from the crystal lattices of most rock-forming minerals. Zircon and another, less common, ore mineral, baddeleyite (ZrO2), form primarily as accessory minerals in igneous rocks. The presence and abundance of these ore minerals in igneous rocks are largely controlled by the element concentrations in the magma source and by the processes of melt generation and evolution. The world’s largest primary deposits of zirconium and hafnium are associated with alkaline igneous rocks, and, in one locality on the Kola Peninsula of Murmanskaya Oblast, Russia, baddeleyite is recovered as a byproduct of apatite and magnetite mining. Otherwise, there are few primary igneous deposits of zirconium- and hafnium-bearing minerals with economic value at present. The main ore deposits worldwide are heavy-mineral sands produced by the weathering and erosion of preexisting rocks and the concentration of zircon and other economically important heavy minerals, such as ilmenite and rutile (for titanium), chromite (for chromium), and monazite (for rare-earth elements) in sedimentary systems, particularly in coastal environments. In coastal deposits, heavy-mineral enrichment occurs where sediment is repeatedly reworked by wind, waves, currents, and tidal processes. The resulting heavy-mineral-sand deposits, called placers or paleoplacers, preferentially form at relatively low latitudes on passive continental margins and supply 100 percent of

  6. Hafnium Oxide Film Etching Using Hydrogen Chloride Gas

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Habuka, Hitoshi; Yamaji, Masahiko; Kobori, Yoshitsugu; Horii, Sadayoshi; Kunii, Yasuo

    2009-12-01

    Hydrogen chloride gas removes the hafnium oxide film formed by atomic layer deposition at the etch rate of about 1 nm/min. A 100 nm-thick hafnium oxide film was perfectly etched off at 1173 K for 60 min by 100% hydrogen chloride gas at 100 sccm. A weight decrease in the hafnium oxide film was observed at temperatures higher than ca. 600 K, which corresponds to the sublimation point of hafnium tetrachloride. The etching by-product is considered to be hafnium tetrachloride. The etching technique developed in this study is expected to be applicable to various processes, such as the cleaning of a hafnium oxide film deposition reactor.

  7. SEPARATING HAFNIUM FROM ZIRCONIUM

    DOEpatents

    Lister, B.A.J.; Duncan, J.F.

    1956-08-21

    A dilute aqueous solution of zirconyl chloride which is 1N to 2N in HCl is passed through a column of a cation exchange resin in acid form thereby absorbing both zirconium and associated hafnium impurity in the mesin. The cation exchange material with the absorbate is then eluted with aqueous sulfuric acid of a O.8N to 1.2N strength. The first portion of the eluate contains the zirconium substantially free of hafnium.

  8. Formulation and method for preparing gels comprising hydrous hafnium oxide

    DOEpatents

    Collins, Jack L; Hunt, Rodney D; Montgomery, Frederick C

    2013-08-06

    Formulations useful for preparing hydrous hafnium oxide gels contain a metal salt including hafnium, an acid, an organic base, and a complexing agent. Methods for preparing gels containing hydrous hafnium oxide include heating a formulation to a temperature sufficient to induce gel formation, where the formulation contains a metal salt including hafnium, an acid, an organic base, and a complexing agent.

  9. Silver-hafnium braze alloy

    DOEpatents

    Stephens, Jr., John J.; Hosking, F. Michael; Yost, Frederick G.

    2003-12-16

    A binary allow braze composition has been prepared and used in a bonded article of ceramic-ceramic and ceramic-metal materials. The braze composition comprises greater than approximately 95 wt % silver, greater than approximately 2 wt % hafnium and less than approximately 4.1 wt % hafnium, and less than approximately 0.2 wt % trace elements. The binary braze alloy is used to join a ceramic material to another ceramic material or a ceramic material, such as alumina, quartz, aluminum nitride, silicon nitride, silicon carbide, and mullite, to a metal material, such as iron-based metals, cobalt-based metals, nickel-based metals, molybdenum-based metals, tungsten-based metals, niobium-based metals, and tantalum-based metals. A hermetic bonded article is obtained with a strength greater than 10,000 psi.

  10. Hafnium-Based Contrast Agents for X-ray Computed Tomography.

    PubMed

    Berger, Markus; Bauser, Marcus; Frenzel, Thomas; Hilger, Christoph Stephan; Jost, Gregor; Lauria, Silvia; Morgenstern, Bernd; Neis, Christian; Pietsch, Hubertus; Sülzle, Detlev; Hegetschweiler, Kaspar

    2017-05-15

    Heavy-metal-based contrast agents (CAs) offer enhanced X-ray absorption for X-ray computed tomography (CT) compared to the currently used iodinated CAs. We report the discovery of new lanthanide and hafnium azainositol complexes and their optimization with respect to high water solubility and stability. Our efforts culminated in the synthesis of BAY-576, an uncharged hafnium complex with 3:2 stoichiometry and broken complex symmetry. The superior properties of this asymmetrically substituted hafnium CA were demonstrated by a CT angiography study in rabbits that revealed excellent signal contrast enhancement.

  11. 40 CFR 471.90 - Applicability; description of the zirconium-hafnium forming subcategory.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... zirconium-hafnium forming subcategory. 471.90 Section 471.90 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL... POINT SOURCE CATEGORY Zirconium-Hafnium Forming Subcategory § 471.90 Applicability; description of the zirconium-hafnium forming subcategory. This subpart applies to discharges of pollutants to waters of the...

  12. 40 CFR 421.330 - Applicability: Description of the primary zirconium and hafnium subcategory.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... primary zirconium and hafnium subcategory. 421.330 Section 421.330 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL... CATEGORY Primary Zirconium and Hafnium Subcategory § 421.330 Applicability: Description of the primary zirconium and hafnium subcategory. The provisions of this subpart are applicable to discharges resulting...

  13. Hafnium silicate and hafnium silicon oxynitride gate dielectrics for strained Si_xGe_1-x: Interface stability

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Addepalli, Swarna; Sivasubramani, Prasanna; El-Bouanani, Mohamed; Kim, Moon; Gnade, Bruce; Wallace, Robert

    2003-03-01

    Strained Si_xGe_1-x layers have gained considerable attention due to hole mobility enhancement, and ease of integration with Si-based CMOS technology. The deposition of stable high-κ dielectrics [1] such as hafnium silicate and hafnium silicon oxynitride in direct contact with SiGe would simultaneously improve the capacitance of the gate stack and lower the leakage current for high performance SiGe devices. However, the oxidation of the Si_xGe_1-x substrate either during dielectric deposition or post-deposition processing would degrade device performance due to the thermodynamic instability of germanium oxide [2,3]. Results from XPS, HR-TEM, and C-V, and I-V analyses after various annealing treatments will be presented for hafnium silicate and hafnium silicon oxynitride films deposited on strained Si_xGe_1-x(100), and correlated with dielectric-Si_xGe_1-x(100) interface stability. Implications to the introduction of these oxides as viable gate dielectric candidates for SiGe-based CMOS technology will be discussed. This work is supported by DARPA through SPAWAR Grant No. N66001-00-1-8928, and the Texas Advanced Technology Program. References: [1] G. D. Wilk, R. M. Wallace and J. M. Anthony, Journal of Applied Physics, 89, 5243 (2001) [2] W. S. Liu, J .S. Chen, M.-A. Nicolet, V. Arbet-Engels, K. L. Wang, Journal of Applied Physics, 72, 4444 (1992), and, Applied Physics Letters, 62, 3321 (1993) [3] W. S. Liu, M. -A. Nicolet, H. -H. Park, B. -H. Koak, J. -W. Lee, Journal of Applied Physics, 78, 2631 (1995)

  14. A simple spectrophotometric method for determination of zirconium or hafnium in selected molybdenum-base alloys

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Dupraw, W. A.

    1972-01-01

    A simple analytical procedure is described for accurately and precisely determining the zirconium or hafnium content of molybdenum-base alloys. The procedure is based on the reaction of the reagent Arsenazo III with zirconium or hafnium in strong hydrochloric acid solution. The colored complexes of zirconium or hafnium are formed in the presence of molybdenum. Titanium or rhenium in the alloy have no adverse effect on the zirconium or hafnium complex at the following levels in the selected aliquot: Mo, 10 mg; Re, 10 mg; Ti, 1 mg. The spectrophotometric measurement of the zirconium or hafnium complex is accomplished without prior separation with a relative standard deviation of 1.3 to 2.7 percent.

  15. Rhenium-188: Availability from the W-188/Re-188 Generator and Status of Current Applications

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Pillai, M R A; Dash, A; Knapp Jr, Russ F

    Rhenium-188 is one of the most readily available generator derived and useful radionuclides for therapy emitting - particles (2.12 MeV, 71.1% and 1.965 MeV, 25.6%) and imageable gammas (155 KeV, 15.1%). The 188W/188Re generator is an ideal source for the long term (4-6 months) continuous availability of no carrier added (nca) 188Re suitable for the preparation of radiopharmaceuticals for radionuclide therapy. The challenges associated with the double neutron capture route of production of the parent 188W radionuclide have been a major impediment in the progress of application of 188Re. Tungsten-188 of adequate specific activity can be prepared only in 2-3more » of the high flux reactors operating in the World. Several useful technologies have been developed for the preparation of clinical grade 188W/188Re generator. Since the specific activity of 188W used in the generator is relatively low (<5 Ci/g), the eluted 188ReO4- can have low radioactive concentration often insufficient for radiopharmaceutical preparation. However, several efficient post elution concentration techniques have been developed that yield clinically useful 188ReO4-. Rhenium-188 has been used for the preparation of therapeutic radiopharmaceuticals for the management of diseases such as bone metastasis, rheumatoid arthritis and primary cancers. Several early phase clinical studies using radiopharmaceuticals based on 188Re-labeled phosphonates, antibodies, peptides, lipiodol and particulates have been reported. This article reviews the availability, and use of188Re including a discussion of why broader use of 188Re has not progressed as ecpected as a popular radionuclide for therapy.« less

  16. Rhenium-188: availability from the (188)W/(188)Re generator and status of current applications.

    PubMed

    Pillai, M R A; Dash, Ashutosh; Knapp, F F

    2012-07-01

    Rhenium-188 is one of the most readily available generator derived and useful radionuclides for therapy emitting β(-) particles (2.12 MeV, 71.1% and 1.965 MeV, 25.6%) and imageable gammas (155 keV, 15.1%). The (188)W/(188)Re generator is an ideal source for the long term (4-6 months) continuous availability of no carrier added (nca) (188)Re suitable for the preparation of radiopharmaceuticals for radionuclide therapy. The challenges associated with the double neutron capture route of production of the parent (188)W radionuclide have been a major impediment in the progress of application of (188)Re. Tungsten-188 of adequate specific activity can be prepared only in 2-3 of the high flux reactors operating in the World. Several useful technologies have been developed for the preparation of clinical grade (188)W/(188)Re generators. Since the specific activity of (188)W used in the generator is relatively low 185 GBq( < 5 Ci)/g], the eluted (188)ReO(4)(-) can have low radioactive concentration often insufficient for radiopharmaceutical preparation. However, several efficient post elution concentration techniques have been developed that yield clinically useful (188)ReO(4)(-) solutions. Rhenium-188 has been used for the preparation of therapeutic radiopharmaceuticals for the management of diseases such as bone metastasis, rheumatoid arthritis and primary cancers. Several early phase clinical studies using radiopharmaceuticals based on (188)Re-labeled phosphonates, antibodies, peptides, lipiodol and particulates have been reported. This article reviews the availability and use of (188)Re including a discussion of why broader use of (188)Re has not progressed as expected as a popular radionuclide for therapy.

  17. Hafnium(IV) chloride complexes with chelating β-ketiminate ligands: Synthesis, spectroscopic characterization and volatility study

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Patil, Siddappa A.; Medina, Phillip A.; Antic, Aleks; Ziller, Joseph W.; Vohs, Jason K.; Fahlman, Bradley D.

    2015-09-01

    The synthesis and characterization of four new β-ketiminate hafnium(IV) chloride complexes dichloro-bis[4-(phenylamido)pent-3-en-2-one]-hafnium (4a), dichloro-bis[4-(4-methylphenylamido)pent-3-en-2-one]-hafnium (4b), dichloro-bis[4-(4-methoxyphenylamido)pent-3-en-2-one]-hafnium (4c), and dichloro-bis[4-(4-chlorophenylamido)pent-3-en-2-one]-hafnium (4d) are reported. All the complexes (4a-d) were characterized by spectroscopic methods (1H NMR, 13C NMR, IR), and elemental analysis while the compound 4c was further examined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, revealing that the complex is monomer with the hafnium center in octahedral coordination environment and oxygens of the chelating N-O ligands are trans to each other and the chloride ligands are in a cis arrangement. Volatile trends are established for four new β-ketiminate hafnium(IV) chloride complexes (4a-d). Sublimation enthalpies (ΔHsub) were calculated from thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) data, which show that, the dependence of ΔHsub on the molecular weight (4a-c) and inductive effects from chlorine (4d).

  18. Hafnium transistor process design for neural interfacing.

    PubMed

    Parent, David W; Basham, Eric J

    2009-01-01

    A design methodology is presented that uses 1-D process simulations of Metal Insulator Semiconductor (MIS) structures to design the threshold voltage of hafnium oxide based transistors used for neural recording. The methodology is comprised of 1-D analytical equations for threshold voltage specification, and doping profiles, and 1-D MIS Technical Computer Aided Design (TCAD) to design a process to implement a specific threshold voltage, which minimized simulation time. The process was then verified with a 2-D process/electrical TCAD simulation. Hafnium oxide films (HfO) were grown and characterized for dielectric constant and fixed oxide charge for various annealing temperatures, two important design variables in threshold voltage design.

  19. Thermochemistry of amorphous and crystalline zirconium and hafnium silicates.

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Ushakov, S.; Brown, C. E.; Navrotsky, Alexandra; Boatner, L. A.; Demkov, A. A.; Wang, C.; Nguyen, B.-Y.

    2003-03-01

    Calorimetric investigation of amorphous and crystalline zirconium and hafnium silicates was performed as part of a research program on thermochemistry of alternative gate dielectrics. Amorphous hafnium and zirconium silicates with varying SiO2 content were synthesized by a sol-gel process. Crystalline zirconium and hafnium silicates (zircon and hafnon) were synthesized by solid state reaction at 1450 °C from amorphous gels and grown as single crystals from flux. High temperature oxide melt solution calorimetry in lead borate (2PbO.B2O3) solvent at 800 oC was used to measure drop solution enthalpies for amorphous and crystalline zirconium and hafnium silicates and corresponding oxides. Applying appropriate thermochemical cycles, formation enthalpy of crystalline ZrSiO4 (zircon) from binary oxides (baddeleite and quartz) at 298 K was calculated as -23 +/-2 kJ/mol and enthalpy difference between amorphous and crystalline zirconium silicate (vitrification enthalpy) was found to be 61 +/-3 kJ/mol. Crystallization onset temperatures of amorphous zirconium and hafnium silicates, as measured by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), increased with silica content. The resulting crystalline phases, as characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), were tetragonal HfO2 and ZrO2. Critical crystallite size for tetragonal to monoclinic transformation of HfO2 in the gel was estimated as 6 +/-2 nm from XRD data Crystallization enthalpies per mole of hafnia and zirconia in gels decrease slightly together with crystallite size with increasing silica content, for example from -22 to -15 +/-1 kJ per mol of HfO2 crystallized at 740 and 1006 °C from silicates with 10 and 70 mol Applications of thermal analyses and solution calorimetry techniques together with first-principles density functional calculations to estimate interface and surface energies are discussed.

  20. Simultaneous determination of tantalum and hafnium in silicates by neutron activation analysis

    USGS Publications Warehouse

    Greenland, L.P.

    1968-01-01

    A neutron activation procedure suitable for the routine determination of tantalum and hafnium in silicates is described. The irradiated sample is fused with sodium peroxide and leached, and the insoluble hydroxides are dissolved in dilute hydrofluoric acid-hydrochloric acid. After LaF3 and AgCl scavenges, tantalum and hafnium are separated by anion exchange. Tantalum is obtained radiochemically pure; 233Pa and 95Zr contaminants in the hafnium fraction are resolved by ??-ray spectrometry. The chemical yield of the procedure is detemined after counting by re-irradiation. Values for the 8 U.S. Geological Survey standard rocks are reported. ?? 1968.

  1. The Hot-Pressing of Hafnium Carbide (Melting Point, 7030 F)

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Sanders, William A.; Grisaffe, Salvatore J.

    1960-01-01

    An investigation was undertaken to determine the effects of the hot-pressing variables (temperature, pressure, and time) on the density and grain size of hafnium carbide disks. The purpose was to provide information necessary for the production of high-density test shapes for the determination of physical and mechanical properties. Hot-pressing of -325 mesh hafnium carbide powder was accomplished with a hydraulic press and an inductively heated graphite die assembly. The ranges investigated for each variable were as follows: temperature, 3500 to 4870 F; pressure, 1000 to 6030 pounds per square inch; and time, 5 to 60 minutes. Hafnium carbide bodies of approximately 98 percent theoretical density can be produced under the following minimal conditions: 4230 F, 3500 pounds per square inch, and 15 minutes. Further increases in temperature and time resulted only in greater grain size.

  2. Rhenium-188 production in hospitals, by w-188/re-188 generator, for easy use in radionuclide therapy.

    PubMed

    Argyrou, Maria; Valassi, Alexia; Andreou, Maria; Lyra, Maria

    2013-01-01

    Rhenium-188 (Re-188) is a high energy β-emitting radioisotope obtained from the tungsten-188/rhenium-188 (W-188/Re-188) generator, which has shown utility for a variety of therapeutic applications in nuclear medicine, oncology, and interventional radiology/cardiology. Re-188 decay is accompanied by a 155 keV predominant energy γ-emission, which could be detected by γ-cameras, for imaging, biodistribution, or absorbed radiation dose studies. Its attractive physical properties and its potential low cost associated with a long-lived parent make it an interesting option for clinical use. The setup and daily use of W-188/Re-188 generator in hospital nuclear medicine departments are discussed in detail. The clinical efficacy, for several therapeutic applications, of a variety of Re-188-labeled agents is demonstrated. The high energy of the β-emission of Re-188 is particularly well suited for effective penetration in solid tumours. Its total radiation dose delivered to tissues is comparable to other radionuclides used in therapy. Furthermore, radiation safety and shielding requirements are an important subject of matter. In the case of bone metastases treatment, therapeutic ratios are presented in order to describe the efficacy of Re-188 usage.

  3. Zirconium and hafnium in the southeastern Atlantic States

    USGS Publications Warehouse

    Mertie, J.B.

    1958-01-01

    The principal source of zirconium and hafnium is zircon, though a minor source is baddeleyite, mined only in Brazil. Zircon is an accessory mineral in igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary rocks, but rarely occurs in hardrock in minable quantities. The principal sources of zircon are therefore alluvial deposits, which are mined in many countries of five continents. The principal commercial deposits in the United States are in Florida, though others exist elsewhere in the southeastern Coastal Plain. The evidence indicates that conditions for the accumulation of workable deposits of heavy minerals were more favorable during the interglacial stages of the Pleistocene epoch than during Recent time. Therefore detrital ores of large volume and high tenor are more likely to be found in the terrace deposits than along the present beaches. Other concentrations of heavy minerals, however, are possible at favored sites close to the Fall Line where the Tuscaloosa formation rests upon the crystalline rocks of the Piedmont province. A score of heavy and semiheavy minerals occur in the detrital deposits of Florida, but the principal salable minerals are ilmenite, leucoxene, rutile, and zircon, though monazite and staurolite are saved at some mining plants. Commercial deposits of heavy minerals are generally required to have a tenor of 4 percent, though ores with a lower tenor can be mined at a profit if the content of monazite is notably high. The percentages of zircon in the concentrates ranges from 10 to 16 percent, and in eastern Florida from 13 to 15 percent. Thus the tenor in zircon of the ore-bearing sands ranges from 0.4 to 0.6 percent. The content of hafnium in zircon is immaterial for many uses, but for some purposes very high or very low tenors in hafnium are required. Alluvial zircon cannot be separated into such varieties, which, if needed, must be obtained from sources in bedrock. It thus becomes necessary to determine the Hf : Zr ratios in zircon from many kinds of

  4. Rhenium-188 Production in Hospitals, by W-188/Re-188 Generator, for Easy Use in Radionuclide Therapy

    PubMed Central

    Argyrou, Maria; Valassi, Alexia; Andreou, Maria; Lyra, Maria

    2013-01-01

    Rhenium-188 (Re-188) is a high energy β-emitting radioisotope obtained from the tungsten-188/rhenium-188 (W-188/Re-188) generator, which has shown utility for a variety of therapeutic applications in nuclear medicine, oncology, and interventional radiology/cardiology. Re-188 decay is accompanied by a 155 keV predominant energy γ-emission, which could be detected by γ-cameras, for imaging, biodistribution, or absorbed radiation dose studies. Its attractive physical properties and its potential low cost associated with a long-lived parent make it an interesting option for clinical use. The setup and daily use of W-188/Re-188 generator in hospital nuclear medicine departments are discussed in detail. The clinical efficacy, for several therapeutic applications, of a variety of Re-188-labeled agents is demonstrated. The high energy of the β-emission of Re-188 is particularly well suited for effective penetration in solid tumours. Its total radiation dose delivered to tissues is comparable to other radionuclides used in therapy. Furthermore, radiation safety and shielding requirements are an important subject of matter. In the case of bone metastases treatment, therapeutic ratios are presented in order to describe the efficacy of Re-188 usage. PMID:23653859

  5. Separation of Zirconium and Hafnium: A Review

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Xu, L.; Xiao, Y.; van Sandwijk, A.; Xu, Q.; Yang, Y.

    Zirconium is an ideal material for nuclear reactors due to its low absorption cross-section for thermal neutrons, whereas the typically contained hafnium with strong neutron-absorption is very harmful for zirconium. This paper provides an overview of the processes for separating hafnium from zirconium. The separation processes are roughly classified into hydro- and pyrometallurgical routes. The current dominant zirconium production route involves pyrometallurgical ore cracking, multi-step hydrometallurgical liquid-liquid extraction for hafnium removal and the reduction of zirconium tetrachloride to the pure metal by the Kroll process. The lengthy hydrometallurgical Zr-Hf separation operations leads to high production cost, intensive labour and heavy environmental burden. Using a compact pyrometallurgical separation method can simplify the whole production flowsheet with a higher process efficiency. The known separation methods are discussed based on the following reaction features: redox characteristics, volatility, electrochemical properties and molten salt extraction. The commercially operating extractive distillation process is a significant advance in Zr-Hf separation technology but it suffers from high process maintenance cost. The recently developed new process based on molten salt-metal equilibrium for Zr-Hf separation shows a great potential for industrial application, which is compact for nuclear grade zirconium production starting from crude ore. In the present paper, the available separation technologies are compared. The advantages and disadvantages as well as future directions of research and development for nuclear grade zirconium production are discussed.

  6. High P-T phase transitions and P-V-T equation of state of hafnium

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Hrubiak, Rostislav; Drozd, Vadym; Karbasi, Ali

    2016-07-29

    We measured the volume of hafnium at several pressures up to 67 GPa and at temperatures between 300 to 780 K using a resistively heated diamond anvil cell with synchrotron x-ray diffraction at the Advanced Photon Source. The measured data allows us to determine the P-V-T equation of state of hafnium. The previously described [Xia et al., Phys. Rev. B 42, 6736-6738 (1990)] phase transition from hcp ({alpha}) to simple hexagonal ({omega}) phase at 38 GPa at room temperature was not observed even up to 51 GPa. The {omega} phase was only observed at elevated temperatures. Our measurements have alsomore » improved the experimental constraint on the high P-T phase boundary between the {omega} phase and high pressure bcc ({beta}) phase of hafnium. Isothermal room temperature bulk modulus and its pressure derivative for the {alpha}-phase of hafnium were measured to be B{sub 0} = 112.9{+-}0.5 GPa and B{sub 0}'=3.29{+-}0.05, respectively. P-V-T data for the {alpha}-phase of hafnium was used to obtain a fit to a thermodynamic P-V-T equation of state based on model by Brosh et al. [CALPHAD 31, 173-185 (2007)].« less

  7. Hafnium transistor design for neural interfacing.

    PubMed

    Parent, David W; Basham, Eric J

    2008-01-01

    A design methodology is presented that uses the EKV model and the g(m)/I(D) biasing technique to design hafnium oxide field effect transistors that are suitable for neural recording circuitry. The DC gain of a common source amplifier is correlated to the structural properties of a Field Effect Transistor (FET) and a Metal Insulator Semiconductor (MIS) capacitor. This approach allows a transistor designer to use a design flow that starts with simple and intuitive 1-D equations for gain that can be verified in 1-D MIS capacitor TCAD simulations, before final TCAD process verification of transistor properties. The DC gain of a common source amplifier is optimized by using fast 1-D simulations and using slower, complex 2-D simulations only for verification. The 1-D equations are used to show that the increased dielectric constant of hafnium oxide allows a higher DC gain for a given oxide thickness. An additional benefit is that the MIS capacitor can be employed to test additional performance parameters important to an open gate transistor such as dielectric stability and ionic penetration.

  8. Etude de la nitruration carbothermique du dioxyde de hafnium par diffraction X à haute température

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Pialoux, A.

    1993-03-01

    The carbothermal reduction of hafnium dioxide under atmospheric level nitrogen pressure has been investigated using a graphite resistance high temperature X-ray diffractometer up to around 2300 K. A carbon transfer reaction through the gaseous phase (N 2, CO/CO 2) is shown to precede, then to compete the direct reduction of the hafnium oxide by the graphite in pure nitrogen. A complex mechanism has been found that accounts for the formation of hafnium dioxynitride and possibly of three other hafnium oxynitrides, then of hafnium mononitride and hafnium monocarbonitride, along two different steps between 1613 and 1923 K. An evaluation has been made concerning the composition of these γ 1- HfO 2-xN x/2□ x/2 (CaF 2-type structure), γ 2- Hf 7O 11N 2, γ 3- Hf 7O 8N 4 (rhombohedral), γ 4- Hf 2ON 2 (Mn 2O 3-type structure), HfN and HfN 1-zC z (NaCl-type structure) phases, considering the variations of their lattice parameters and the available data in the literature, especially on the isomorphous compounds of zirconium. It must be emphasized the new γ 1- HfO 2-xN x/2 phase, the dilatation of which is linear ( overlineα = 12×10 -6K -1), shows a constant composition from 2158 down to 1473 K (x ≈ 0,2). But under 1473 K, inevitably, the hafnium dioxynitride disappears, and poorly crystallized monoclinic αHfO 2 and rhombohedral γ 2- Hf 7O 11N 2 are formed.

  9. Hydroxyapatite Based 99Mo - 99Tc and 188W - 188Re Generator Systems

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Knapp Jr, Russ F; Monroy-Guzman, F.; Badillo, V. E.

    2006-01-01

    This paper describes studies evaluating the use of hydroxyapatite as the adsorbent material for both {sup 99}Mo-{sup 99m}Tc and {sup 188}W-{sup 188}Re generator systems. Hydroxyapatite is an insoluble solid with anion exchange properties. A study of the sorption behaviour of {sup 99}Mo, {sup 99m}Tc, {sup 188}W and {sup 188}Re on hydroxyapatite in NaCl medium was evaluated by batch experiments. The results demonstrated that while {sup 99}Mo, {sup 99m}Tc and {sup 188}Re are not adsorbed by the hydroxyapatite in NaCl solutions (Kd <5), {sup 188}W is strongly adsorbed (Kd >500). On the basis of these measurements, hydroxyapatite {sup 188}W-{sup 188}Re generatormore » systems were then constructed and eluted in NaCl solutions. The hydroxyapatite based {sup 188}W-{sup 188}Re generator performances are presented.« less

  10. RF sputtered silicon and hafnium nitrides as applied to 440C steel

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Grill, A.; Aron, P. R.

    1984-01-01

    Silicon nitride and hafnium nitride coatings were deposited on oxidized and unoxidized 440C stainless steel substrates. Sputtering was done in mixtures of argon and nitrogen gases from pressed powder silicon nitride and from hafnium metal targets. The coatings and the interface between the coating and substrate were investigated by X-ray diffractometry, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray analysis and Auger electron spectroscopy. Oxide was found at all interfaces with an interface width of at least 600 A for the oxidized substrates and at least 300 A for the unoxidized substrates. Scratch test results demonstrate that the adhesion of hafnium nitride to both oxidized and unoxidized 440C is superior to that of silicon nitride. Oxidized 440C is found to have increased adhesion, to both nitrides, over that of unoxidized 440C. Coatings of both nitrides deposited at 8 mtorr were found to have increased adhesion to both oxidized and unoxidized 440C over those deposited at 20 mtorr.

  11. Tensile and stress-rupture behavior of hafnium carbide dispersed molybdenum and tungsten base alloy wires

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Yun, Hee Mann; Titran, Robert H.

    1993-01-01

    The tensile strain rate sensitivity and the stress-rupture strength of Mo-base and W-base alloy wires, 380 microns in diameter, were determined over the temperature range from 1200 K to 1600 K. Three molybdenum alloy wires; Mo + 1.1w/o hafnium carbide (MoHfC), Mo + 25w/o W + 1.1w/o hafnium carbide (MoHfC+25W) and Mo + 45w/o W + 1.1w/o hafnium carbide (MoHfC+45W), and a W + 0.4w/o hafnium carbide (WHfC) tungsten alloy wire were evaluated. The tensile strength of all wires studied was found to have a positive strain rate sensitivity. The strain rate dependency increased with increasing temperature and is associated with grain broadening of the initial fibrous structures. The hafnium carbide dispersed W-base and Mo-base alloys have superior tensile and stress-rupture properties than those without HfC. On a density compensated basis the MoHfC wires exhibit superior tensile and stress-rupture strengths to the WHfC wires up to approximately 1400 K. Addition of tungsten in the Mo-alloy wires was found to increase the long-term stress rupture strength at temperatures above 1400 K. Theoretical calculations indicate that the strength and ductility advantage of the HfC dispersed alloy wires is due to the resistance to recrystallization imparted by the dispersoid.

  12. Simple new method for effective concentration of 188Re solutions from alumina-based 188W-188Re generator.

    PubMed

    Guhlke, S; Beets, A L; Oetjen, K; Mirzadeh, S; Biersack, H J; Knapp, F F

    2000-07-01

    (188)Re is a useful generator-produced radioisotope currently under evaluation for a variety of therapeutic applications, including bone pain palliation and intravascular radiation therapy. Because the (188)W parent is available only in a relatively low specific activity (<0.15-0.19 GBq/mg) from reactor irradiation of enriched (186)W, relatively large volumes of 0.9% saline (>15 mL) are required for elution of the (188)Re daughter from traditional alumina-based (188)W-(188)Re generators. Because these large bolus volumes result in solutions with a relatively low specific volume activity of (188)Re (<1 GBq/mL for the 18.5-GBq generator), the availability of effective methods for eluent concentration is important. Our new approach is based on the use of 0.3 mol/L ammonium acetate as a representative salt of a weak acid instead of saline for generator elution. After generator elution, the ammonium acetate generator eluent (15-20 mL) is passed through a tandem IC-H Plus cation (Dowex-H)-anion (QMA Light) column system. Exchange of ammonium cations with hydrogen ions on the cation column forms an acetic acid solution containing perrhenate anions from which the macroscopic levels of the acetate anion of the eluent have been effectively removed. Because perrhenic acid is fully dissociated at this pH, the QMA Light column specifically traps the (188)Re-perrhenate, which is subsequently eluted with a low volume (<1 mL) of saline. Concentration ratios greater than 20:1 are readily achieved with this method. A typical clinical-scale generator loaded with 19.2 GBq (188)W was used to validate the approach. Saline elution provided (188)Re in a 75%-80% yield. Although elution with 0.15 mol/L NH4OAc gave lower yields (55%-60%), use of 0.3 mol/L NH4OAc provided yields comparable with those of saline (70%-75%). (188)W parent breakthrough was not detected after passage of the bolus through the tandem concentration system. Bolus volumes of 15-20 mL, which initially contained as much

  13. Mineral resource of the month: zirconium and hafnium

    USGS Publications Warehouse

    Gambogi, Joseph

    2007-01-01

    Zirconium and hafnium are corrosion-resistant metals that are grouped in the same family as titanium on the periodic table. The two elements commonly occur in oxide and silicate minerals and have significant economic importance in everything from ink, ceramics and golf shoes to nuclear fuel rods.

  14. SEPARATING HAFNIUM FROM ZIRCONIUM

    DOEpatents

    Lister, B.A.J.; Duncan, J.F.; Hutcheon, J.M.

    1956-08-21

    Substantially complete separation of zirconium from hafnium may be obtained by elution of ion exchange material, on which compounds of the elements are adsorbed, with an approximately normal solution of sulfuric acid. Preferably the acid concentration is between 0.8 N amd 1.2 N, amd should not exceed 1.5 N;. Increasing the concentration of sulfate ion in the eluting solution by addition of a soluble sulfate, such as sodium sulfate, has been found to be advantageous. The preferred ion exchange materials are sulfonated polystyrene resins such as Dowex 50,'' and are preferably arranged in a column through which the solutions are passed.

  15. Use of the ORNL Tungsten-188/Rhenium-188 Generator for Preparation of the Rhenium-188 HDD/Lipiodol Complex for Transarterial Liver Cancer Therapy

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Knapp Jr, Russ F; Jeong, J M

    2008-01-01

    This work describes the installation, use, and quality control (QC) of the alumina-based tungsten-188 ({sup 188}W)/rhenium-188 ({sup 188}Re) generators provided by the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL). In addition, methods used for concentration of the {sup 188}Re-perrhenate bolus and preparation of {sup 188}Re-labeled HDD (4-hexadecyl-2,2,9,9-tetramethyl-4,7-diaza-1,10-decanethiol) for trans-arterial administration for therapy of nonresectable liver cancer also are described. The {sup 188}W/{sup 188}Re generator has a long useful shelf-life of several months and is a convenient on-site {sup 188}Re production system. {sup 188}Re has excellent therapeutic and imaging properties (T{sub 1/2} 16.9 hours; E{beta}{sub max} 2.12 MeV; 155-keV gamma ray, 15%) andmore » is cost effectively obtained on demand by saline elution of the generator. The clinical efficacy of a variety of {sup 188}Re-labeled agents has been demonstrated for several therapeutic applications. Because of the favorable physical properties of {sup 188}Re, several {sup 188}Re-labeled agents are being developed and evaluated for the treatment of nonresectable/refractory liver cancer. {sup 188}Re-labeled HDD has been the most widely studied of these agents for this application and has been introduced into clinical trials at a number of institutions. The trans-arterial administration of {sup 188}Re-labeled agents for treatment of inoperable liver cancer requires use of high-level (1-2 Ci) {sup 188}W/{sup 188}Re generators. The handling of such high levels of {sup 188}Re imposes radiological precautions normally not encountered in a radiopharmacy and adequate care and ALARA (ie, 'As Low As Reasonably Achievable') principles must be followed. The ORNL generator provides consistently high {sup 188}Re yields (>75%) and low {sup 188}W parent breakthrough (<10{sup -3}%) over an extended shelf-life of several months. However, the high elution volumes (20-40 mL for 1-2 Ci generators) can require concentration

  16. Effect of cathode cooling efficiency and oxygen plasma gas pressure on the hafnium cathode wall temperature

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Ashtekar, Koustubh; Diehl, Gregory; Hamer, John

    2012-10-01

    The hafnium cathode is widely used in DC plasma arc cutting (PAC) under an oxygen gas environment to cut iron and iron alloys. The hafnium erosion is always a concern which is controlled by the surface temperature. In this study, the effect of cathode cooling efficiency and oxygen gas pressure on the hafnium surface temperature are quantified. The two layer cathode sheath model is applied on the refractive hafnium surface while oxygen species (O2, O, O+, O++, e-) are considered within the thermal dis-equilibrium regime. The system of non-linear equations comprising of current density balance, heat flux balance at both the cathode surface and the sheath-ionization layer is coupled with the plasma gas composition solver. Using cooling heat flux, gas pressure and current density as inputs; the cathode wall temperature, electron temperature, and sheath voltage drop are calculated. Additionally, contribution of emitted electron current (Je) and ions current (Ji) to the total current flux are estimated. Higher gas pressure usually reduces Ji and increases Je that reduces the surface temperature by thermionic cooling.

  17. Nanocrystalline zirconia: a novel sorbent for the preparation of (188)W/(188)Re generator.

    PubMed

    Chakravarty, Rubel; Shukla, Rakesh; Tyagi, A K; Dash, Ashutosh; Venkatesh, Meera

    2010-02-01

    Nanocrystalline zirconia, a novel high capacity sorbent material was synthesized and tested for its utility in the preparation of (188)W/(188)Re generators. The structural investigation of the material was carried out using X-ray diffraction, surface area determination, FTIR and TEM micrograph analysis. Various experimental parameters were optimized to separate (188)Re from (188)W. The capacity of the material was found to be approximately 325mgW/g at the optimum pH. A chromatographic (188)W/(188)Re generator was developed using this material from which >80% of (188)Re generated could be eluted with 0.9% saline solution, with high radionuclidic, radiochemical and chemical purity and appreciably high radioactive concentration suitable for radiopharmaceutical applications. Copyright (c) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  18. Development of a high performance (188)W/(188)Re generator by using a synthetic alumina.

    PubMed

    Lee, Jun Sig; Lee, Jong-Soup; Park, Ul-Jae; Son, Kwang-Jae; Han, Hyon-Soo

    2009-01-01

    A synthetic alumina functionalized with a sulfate moiety has been developed as the column material of (99)Mo/(99m)Tc and (188)W/(188)Re generators. This material is synthesized by a sol-gel processing. In order to characterize the adsorbent for the (188)W/(188)Re separation, both batch and column contact experiments were conducted. As a result of the experiments, it is found that the maximum capacity of the adsorbent for tungsten is higher than 450mg/g. Hence it is possible to produce approximately 3Ci (188)W/(188)Re generator with only 1g of the adsorbent from (188)W solutions supplied from ORNL, USA or RIAR, Russia. A demonstration study was conducted to show the performance of an (188)W/(188)Re generator column. In this study, 1Ci of (188)W purchased from RIAR, Russia, is loaded on a 0.9cm ID column packed with 0.7g of the adsorbent. Elution of (188)Re is performed every 4-7 days by using the saline solution for more than three months. Nearly 100% of tungsten is loaded by passing 5ml of the (188)W solution (pH=8) through the dry packed column at a 1ml/min flow rate. Elution efficiency of (188)Re is 70-90% by using 5ml of the saline solution. The ratio of (188)W/(188)Re in the eluted solution is 0.002-0.003%. When a Sep-Pak containing 0.26g of acid alumina is installed as a tandem column, the ratio is decreased to less than 10(-3)%. Thin layer chromatography for the eluted (188)Re solution shows 100% radiochemical purity. Also, alumina content in the eluted solution shows less than 10ppm. Through this study, the performance of this adsorbent was successfully demonstrated. By using the developed adsorbent, minimization of the generator column and consequently the volume of eluant could be possible while maintaining the quality of (188)Re just as much as that available in the market.

  19. Low-voltage bendable pentacene thin-film transistor with stainless steel substrate and polystyrene-coated hafnium silicate dielectric.

    PubMed

    Yun, Dong-Jin; Lee, Seunghyup; Yong, Kijung; Rhee, Shi-Woo

    2012-04-01

    The hafnium silicate and aluminum oxide high-k dielectrics were deposited on stainless steel substrate using atomic layer deposition process and octadecyltrichlorosilane (OTS) and polystyrene (PS) were treated improve crystallinity of pentacene grown on them. Besides, the effects of the pentacene deposition condition on the morphologies, crystallinities and electrical properties of pentacene were characterized. Therefore, the surface treatment condition on dielectric and pentacene deposition conditions were optimized. The pentacene grown on polystyrene coated high-k dielectric at low deposition rate and temperature (0.2-0.3 Å/s and R.T.) showed the largest grain size (0.8-1.0 μm) and highest crystallinity among pentacenes deposited various deposition conditions, and the pentacene TFT with polystyrene coated high-k dielectric showed excellent device-performance. To decrease threshold voltage of pentacene TFT, the polystyrene-thickness on high-k dielectric was controlled using different concentration of polystyrene solution. As the polystyrene-thickness on hafnium silicate decreases, the dielectric constant of polystyrene/hafnium silicate increases, while the crystallinity of pentacene grown on polystyrene/hafnium silicate did not change. Using low-thickness polystyrene coated hafnium silicate dielectric, the high-performance and low voltage operating (<5 V) pentacene thin film transistor (μ: ~2 cm(2)/(V s), on/off ratio, >1 × 10(4)) and complementary inverter (DC gains, ~20) could be fabricated.

  20. Atomic layer deposition and characterization of hafnium oxide grown on silicon from tetrakis(diethylamino)hafnium and water vapor

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Deshpande, Anand; Inman, Ronald; Jursich, Gregory; Takoudis, Christos

    2004-09-01

    In this work thin films of hafnium oxide are deposited on Si(100) substrates by means of atomic layer deposition (ALD) using tetrakis(diethylamino)hafnium and water vapor at substrate temperatures of 250-350ºC. Our system capabilities include fast transient delivery of reactive fluids, real-time vapor phase detection (in situ tunable diode laser hygrometer), precursor thermochemical capabilities, and ppt level elemental analysis by inductive coupling plasma mass spectrometry. The composition, purity, and other properties of the films and resulting interfaces are determined using x-ray and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopies, Z-contrast imaging and electron energy loss spectroscopy in a scanning transmission electron microscope with A˚ scale resolution, and spectroscopic ellipsometry. The observed ALD rate is ~1.4 A˚ per cycle. The nonuniformity across the film is less than 4%. Negligible carbon contamination is found in the resulting stoichiometric films under all conditions studied. The pulse sequence was optimized to prevent disastrous particulate problems while still minimizing purge times. The film deposition is investigated as a function of substrate temperature and reagent pulsing characteristics. A mild inverse temperature dependence of the ALD rate is observed. The initial stage of the HfO2 growth is investigated in detail.

  1. Review of anhydrous zirconium-hafnium separation techniques. Information circular/1984

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Skaggs, R.L.; Rogers, D.T.; Hunter, D.B.

    1983-12-01

    Sixteen nonaqueous techniques conceived to replace the current aqueous scheme for separating hafnium and zirconium tetrachlorides were reviewed and evaluated by the Bureau of Mines. The methods are divided into two classes: separation by fractional volatilization of the tetrachlorides, which takes advantage of the higher volatility of hafnium tetrachloride; and separation by chemical techniques, based on differences in chemical behavior of the two tetrachlorides. The criteria used to evaluate separation methods were temperature, pressure, separation factor per equilibrium stage, complexity, compatibility with existing technology, and potential for continuous operation. Three processes were selected as being most promising: (1) high-pressure distillation,more » (2) extractive distillation from a molten salt, and (3) preferential reduction of gaseous ZrCl4. Any of the proposed nonaqueous Hf-Zr separation schemes must be supplemented with additional purification to remove trace impurities.« less

  2. Development and characterization of ultrathin hafnium titanates as high permittivity gate insulators

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Li, Min

    High permittivity or high-kappa materials are being developed for use as gate insulators for future ultrascaled metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors (MOSFETs). Hafnium containing compounds are the leading candidates. Due to its moderate permittivity, however, it is difficult to achieve HfO2 gate structures with an EOT well below 1.0 nm. One approach to increase HfO2 permittivity is combining it with a very high-kappa material, such as TiO2. In this thesis, we systematically studied the electrical and physical characteristics of high-kappa hafnium titanates films as gate insulators. A series of HfxTi1-xO2 films with well-controlled composition were deposited using an MOCVD system. The physical properties of the films were analyzed using a variety of characterization techniques. X-ray micro diffraction indicates that the Ti-rich thin film is more immune to crystallization. TEM analysis showed that the thick stoichiometric HfTiO 4 film has an orthorhombic structure and large anisotropic grains. The C-V curves from the devices with the hafnium titanates films displayed relatively low hysteresis. In a certain composition range, the interfacial layer (IL) EOT and permittivity of HfxTi1-x O2 increases linearly with increasing Ti. The charge is negative for HfxTi1-xO2/IL and positive for Si/IL interface, and the magnitude increases as Hf increases. For ultra-thin films (less than 2 nm EOT), the leakage current increases with increasing HE Moreover, the Hf-rich sample has weaker temperature dependence of the current. In the MOSFET devices with the hafnium titanates films, normal transistor characteristics were observed, also electron mobility degradation. Next, we investigated the effects that different pre-deposition surface treatments, including HF dipping, NH3 surface nitridation, and HfO2 deposition, have on the electrical properties of hafnium titanates. Surface nitridation shows stronger effect than the thin HfO2 layer. The nitrided samples displayed a

  3. Evidence for oxygen vacancies movement during wake-up in ferroelectric hafnium oxide

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Starschich, S.; Böttger, U.; Menzel, S.

    The wake-up effect which is observed in ferroelectric hafnium oxide is investigated in yttrium doped hafnium oxide prepared by chemical solution deposition. It can be shown that not the amount of cycles but the duration of the applied electrical field is essential for the wake-up. Temperature dependent wake-up cycling in a range of −160 °C to 100 °C reveals a strong temperature activation of the wake-up, which can be attributed to ion rearrangement during cycling. By using asymmetrical electrodes, resistive valence change mechanism switching can be observed coincident with ferroelectric switching. From the given results, it can be concluded that redistribution ofmore » oxygen vacancies is the origin of the wake-up effect.« less

  4. Use of the Oak Ridge National Laboratory tungsten-188/rhenium-188 generator for preparation of the rhenium-188 HDD/lipiodol complex for trans-arterial liver cancer therapy

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Jeong, J M; Knapp Jr, Russ F

    2008-01-01

    This work describes the installation, use, and quality control (QC) of the alumina-based tungsten-188 ({sup 188}W)/rhenium-188 ({sup 188}Re) generators provided by the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL). In addition, methods used for concentration of the {sup 188}Re-perrhenate bolus and preparation of {sup 188}Re-labeled HDD (4-hexadecyl-2,2,9,9-tetramethyl-4,7-diaza-1,10-decanethiol) for trans-arterial administration for therapy of nonresectable liver cancer also are described. The {sup 188}W/{sup 188}Re generator has a long useful shelf-life of several months and is a convenient on-site {sup 188}Re production system. {sup 188}Re has excellent therapeutic and imaging properties (T{sub 1/2} 16.9 hours; E{sub {beta}max} 2.12 MeV; 155-keV gamma ray, 15%) andmore » is cost effectively obtained on demand by saline elution of the generator. The clinical efficacy of a variety of {sup 188}Re-labeled agents has been demonstrated for several therapeutic applications. Because of the favorable physical properties of {sup 188}Re, several {sup 188}Re-labeled agents are being developed and evaluated for the treatment of nonresectable/refractory liver cancer. {sup 188}Re-labeled HDD has been the most widely studied of these agents for this application and has been introduced into clinical trials at a number of institutions. The trans-arterial administration of {sup 188}Re-labeled agents for treatment of inoperable liver cancer requires use of high-level (1-2 Ci) {sup 188}W/{sup 188}Re generators. The handling of such high levels of {sup 188}Re imposes radiological precautions normally not encountered in a radiopharmacy and adequate care and ALARA (i.e., 'As Low As Reasonably Achievable') principles must be followed. The ORNL generator provides consistently high {sup 188}Re yields (>75%) and low {sup 188}W parent breakthrough (<10{sup -3}%) over an extended shelf-life of several months. However, the high elution volumes (20-40 mL for 1-2 Ci generators) can require

  5. Effect of hafnium doping on density of states in dual-target magnetron co-sputtering HfZnSnO thin film transistors

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Huang, Chuan-Xin; Li, Jun, E-mail: SHUniverjunli@163.com; Fu, Yi-Zhou

    2015-11-23

    This study investigates the effect of hafnium doping on the density of states (DOSs) in HfZnSnO thin film transistors fabricated by dual-target magnetron co-sputtering system. The DOSs is extracted by temperature-dependent field-effect measurements, and they decrease from 1.1 × 10{sup 17} to 4.6 × 10{sup 16 }eV/cm{sup 3} with increasing the hafnium concentrations. The behavior of DOSs for the increasing hafnium concentration HfZnSnO thin film transistors can be confirmed by both the reduction of ΔV{sub T} under bias stress and the trapping charges calculated by capacitance voltage measurements. It suggests that the reduction in DOSs due to the hafnium doping is closely related with themore » bias stability and thermal stability.« less

  6. Hafnium germanosilicate thin films for gate and capacitor dielectric applications: thermal stability studies

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Addepalli, Swarna; Sivasubramani, Prasanna; El-Bouanani, Mohamed; Kim, Moon; Gnade, Bruce; Wallace, Robert

    2003-03-01

    The use of SiO_2-GeO2 mixtures in gate and capacitor dielectric applications is hampered by the inherent thermodynamic instability of germanium oxide. Studies to date have confirmed that germanium oxide is readily converted to elemental germanium [1,2]. In sharp contrast, germanium oxide is known to form stable compounds with transition metal oxides such as hafnium oxide (hafnium germanate, HfGeO_4) [3]. Thus, the incorporation of hafnium in SiO_2-GeO2 may be expected to enhance the thermal stability of germanium oxide via Hf-O-Ge bond formation. In addition, the introduction of a transition metal would simultaneously enhance the capacitance of the dielectric thereby permitting a thicker dielectric which reduces leakage current [4]. In this study, the thermal stability of PVD-grown hafnium germanosilicate (HfGeSiO) films was investigated. XPS, HR-TEM, C-V and I-V results of films after deposition and subsequent annealing treatments will be presented. The results indicate that the presence or formation of elemental germanium drastically affects the stability of the HfGeSiO films. This work is supported by DARPA through SPAWAR Grant No. N66001-00-1-8928, and the Texas Advanced Technology Program. References: [1] W. S. Liu, J .S. Chen, M.-A. Nicolet, V. Arbet-Engels, K. L. Wang, Journal of Applied Physics, 72, 4444 (1992), and, Applied Physics Letters, 62, 3321 (1993) [2] W. S. Liu, M. -A. Nicolet, H. -H. Park, B. -H. Koak, J. -W. Lee, Journal of Applied Physics, 78, 2631 (1995) [3] P. M. Lambert, Inorganic Chemistry, 37, 1352 (1998) [4] G. D. Wilk, R. M. Wallace and J. M. Anthony, Journal of Applied Physics, 89, 5243 (2001)

  7. 40 CFR 98.188 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 22 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Definitions. 98.188 Section 98.188 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) MANDATORY GREENHOUSE GAS REPORTING Lead Production § 98.188 Definitions. All terms used in this subpart have the same...

  8. 40 CFR 98.188 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 22 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Definitions. 98.188 Section 98.188 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) MANDATORY GREENHOUSE GAS REPORTING Lead Production § 98.188 Definitions. All terms used in this subpart have the same...

  9. 40 CFR 98.188 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 21 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Definitions. 98.188 Section 98.188 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) MANDATORY GREENHOUSE GAS REPORTING Lead Production § 98.188 Definitions. All terms used in this subpart have the same...

  10. 40 CFR 98.188 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 20 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Definitions. 98.188 Section 98.188 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) MANDATORY GREENHOUSE GAS REPORTING Lead Production § 98.188 Definitions. All terms used in this subpart have the same...

  11. 40 CFR 98.188 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 21 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Definitions. 98.188 Section 98.188 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) MANDATORY GREENHOUSE GAS REPORTING Lead Production § 98.188 Definitions. All terms used in this subpart have the same...

  12. Article having an improved platinum-aluminum-hafnium protective coating

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Nagaraj, Bangalore Aswatha (Inventor); Williams, Jeffrey Lawrence (Inventor)

    2005-01-01

    An article protected by a protective coating has a substrate and a protective coating having an outer layer deposited upon the substrate surface and a diffusion zone formed by interdiffusion of the outer layer and the substrate. The protective coating includes platinum, aluminum, no more than about 2 weight percent hafnium, and substantially no silicon. The outer layer is substantially a single phase.

  13. 37 CFR 1.88 - [Reserved

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 37 Patents, Trademarks, and Copyrights 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false [Reserved] 1.88 Section 1.88 Patents, Trademarks, and Copyrights UNITED STATES PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE GENERAL RULES OF PRACTICE IN PATENT CASES National Processing Provisions The Drawings § 1.88 [Reserved...

  14. 27 CFR 44.188 - General.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... 27 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms 2 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false General. 44.188 Section 44.188 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms ALCOHOL AND TOBACCO TAX AND TRADE BUREAU, DEPARTMENT OF THE... Tubes by Manufacturers and Export Warehouse Proprietors Consignment of Shipment § 44.188 General...

  15. 27 CFR 44.188 - General.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... 27 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false General. 44.188 Section 44.188 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms ALCOHOL AND TOBACCO TAX AND TRADE BUREAU, DEPARTMENT OF THE... Tubes by Manufacturers and Export Warehouse Proprietors Consignment of Shipment § 44.188 General...

  16. 27 CFR 44.188 - General.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... 27 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms 2 2012-04-01 2011-04-01 true General. 44.188 Section 44.188 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms ALCOHOL AND TOBACCO TAX AND TRADE BUREAU, DEPARTMENT OF THE... Tubes by Manufacturers and Export Warehouse Proprietors Consignment of Shipment § 44.188 General...

  17. 27 CFR 44.188 - General.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... 27 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms 2 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false General. 44.188 Section 44.188 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms ALCOHOL AND TOBACCO TAX AND TRADE BUREAU, DEPARTMENT OF THE... Tubes by Manufacturers and Export Warehouse Proprietors Consignment of Shipment § 44.188 General...

  18. 27 CFR 44.188 - General.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... 27 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms 2 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false General. 44.188 Section 44.188 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms ALCOHOL AND TOBACCO TAX AND TRADE BUREAU, DEPARTMENT OF THE... Tubes by Manufacturers and Export Warehouse Proprietors Consignment of Shipment § 44.188 General...

  19. 1 CFR 18.8 - Seal.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 1 General Provisions 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Seal. 18.8 Section 18.8 General Provisions ADMINISTRATIVE COMMITTEE OF THE FEDERAL REGISTER PREPARATION, TRANSMITTAL, AND PROCESSING OF DOCUMENTS PREPARATION AND TRANSMITTAL OF DOCUMENTS GENERALLY § 18.8 Seal. Use of a seal on an original document or...

  20. 1 CFR 18.8 - Seal.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... 1 General Provisions 1 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Seal. 18.8 Section 18.8 General Provisions ADMINISTRATIVE COMMITTEE OF THE FEDERAL REGISTER PREPARATION, TRANSMITTAL, AND PROCESSING OF DOCUMENTS PREPARATION AND TRANSMITTAL OF DOCUMENTS GENERALLY § 18.8 Seal. Use of a seal on an original document or...

  1. 49 CFR 572.188 - Pelvis.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... 49 Transportation 7 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Pelvis. 572.188 Section 572.188 Transportation..., 50th Percentile Adult Male § 572.188 Pelvis. (a) The pelvis (175-6000) is part of the torso assembly shown in drawing 175-0000. The pelvis is equipped with a pubic symphysis load sensor in conformance with...

  2. 49 CFR 572.188 - Pelvis.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... 49 Transportation 7 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Pelvis. 572.188 Section 572.188 Transportation..., 50th Percentile Adult Male § 572.188 Pelvis. (a) The pelvis (175-6000) is part of the torso assembly shown in drawing 175-0000. The pelvis is equipped with a pubic symphysis load sensor in conformance with...

  3. 49 CFR 572.188 - Pelvis.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... 49 Transportation 7 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Pelvis. 572.188 Section 572.188 Transportation... Percentile Adult Male § 572.188 Pelvis. (a) The pelvis (175-6000) is part of the torso assembly shown in drawing 175-0000. The pelvis is equipped with a pubic symphysis load sensor in conformance with § 572.189...

  4. 49 CFR 572.188 - Pelvis.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 49 Transportation 7 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Pelvis. 572.188 Section 572.188 Transportation... Percentile Adult Male § 572.188 Pelvis. (a) The pelvis (175-6000) is part of the torso assembly shown in drawing 175-0000. The pelvis is equipped with a pubic symphysis load sensor in conformance with § 572.189...

  5. 49 CFR 572.188 - Pelvis.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... 49 Transportation 7 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Pelvis. 572.188 Section 572.188 Transportation... Percentile Adult Male § 572.188 Pelvis. (a) The pelvis (175-6000) is part of the torso assembly shown in drawing 175-0000. The pelvis is equipped with a pubic symphysis load sensor in conformance with § 572.189...

  6. Hafnium-Based Bulk Metallic Glasses for Kinetic Energy Penetrators

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2004-12-01

    uranium -based (DU) and tungsten- nickel -iron (W-Ni-Fe) composite kinetic energy (KE) munitions is primarily ascribed to their high densities (U: ρ...based on an invariant point identified in the hafnium- copper- nickel ternary system. They are denser than zirconium-based glass-forming compositions...depleted- uranium penetrators. 1. INTRODUCTION 1.1 Criterion for Effective Kinetic Energy Penetrator Performance The lethality of depleted

  7. 46 CFR 188.10-77 - Vessel.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 7 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Vessel. 188.10-77 Section 188.10-77 Shipping COAST GUARD... Terms Used in This Subchapter § 188.10-77 Vessel. Where the word “vessel” is used in this subchapter, it... in Column 7 of Table 188.05-1(a). [CGFR 67-83, 33 FR 1113, Jan. 27, 1968, as amended by CGD 77-081...

  8. 46 CFR 188.10-77 - Vessel.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 7 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Vessel. 188.10-77 Section 188.10-77 Shipping COAST GUARD... Terms Used in This Subchapter § 188.10-77 Vessel. Where the word “vessel” is used in this subchapter, it... in Column 7 of Table 188.05-1(a). [CGFR 67-83, 33 FR 1113, Jan. 27, 1968, as amended by CGD 77-081...

  9. 46 CFR 188.10-77 - Vessel.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 7 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Vessel. 188.10-77 Section 188.10-77 Shipping COAST GUARD... Terms Used in This Subchapter § 188.10-77 Vessel. Where the word “vessel” is used in this subchapter, it... in Column 7 of Table 188.05-1(a). [CGFR 67-83, 33 FR 1113, Jan. 27, 1968, as amended by CGD 77-081...

  10. 46 CFR 188.10-77 - Vessel.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 7 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Vessel. 188.10-77 Section 188.10-77 Shipping COAST GUARD... Terms Used in This Subchapter § 188.10-77 Vessel. Where the word “vessel” is used in this subchapter, it... in Column 7 of Table 188.05-1(a). [CGFR 67-83, 33 FR 1113, Jan. 27, 1968, as amended by CGD 77-081...

  11. 46 CFR 188.10-77 - Vessel.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 7 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Vessel. 188.10-77 Section 188.10-77 Shipping COAST GUARD... Terms Used in This Subchapter § 188.10-77 Vessel. Where the word “vessel” is used in this subchapter, it... in Column 7 of Table 188.05-1(a). [CGFR 67-83, 33 FR 1113, Jan. 27, 1968, as amended by CGD 77-081...

  12. Inter-diffusion of copper and hafnium as studied by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Pearson, Justin; Chourasia, A. R.

    The Cu/Hf interface has been characterized by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Thin films (thicknesses ranging from 100 nm to 150 nm) of hafnium were deposited on a silicon substrate. About 80 nm of copper was then deposited on such samples. The e-beam method was used for the deposition. The samples were annealed for 30 min at temperatures of 100, 200, 300, 400, and 500°C. The inter-diffusion of copper and hafnium was investigated by sequential sputter depth profiling and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The interdiffusion in each case was analyzed by the Matano-Boltzmann's procedure using the Fick's second law. The interdiffusion coefficients and the width of the interface as determined from the data have been correlated with the annealing temperature. Supported by Organized Research, TAMU-Commerce.

  13. Poloxamer 188 (P188) as an Adjunct in Prolonged Hypotensive Resuscitation

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2008-06-01

    temperatures meets all specifications and has been approved by the FDA for use in new clinical trials assuming it continues to meet specifications. The...cancer; clinical trials , involving more than 4,000 patients, have shown it to be safe when adminis- tered intravenously.5-7 P188 has shown the ability...CH3 Current clinical supplies of P188 are formulated as a clear, colorless, sterile, non-pyrogenic solution intended for intravenous

  14. The performance of hafnium and gadolinium self powered neutron detectors in the TREAT reactor

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Imel, G. R.; Hart, P. R.

    1996-05-01

    The use of gadolinium and hafnium self powered neutron detectors in a transient reactor is described in this paper. The detectors were calibrated to the fission rate of U-235 using calibrated fission chambers; the calibration factors were tested in two reactors in steady state and found to be consistent. Calibration of the detectors in transient reactor conditions was done by using uranium wires that were analyzed by radiochemistry techniques to determine total fissions during the transient. This was correlated to the time-integrated current of the detectors during the transient. A temperature correction factor was derived to account for self-shielding effects in the hafnium and gadolinium detectors. The dynamic response of the detectors under transient conditions was studied, and found to be excellent.

  15. Elution of Re-188 from W-188/Re-188 generators with salts of weak acids permits efficient concentration to low volumes using a new tandem cation/anion exchange system

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Guhlke, S.; Beets, A.L.; Knapp, F.F. Jr.

    1997-05-01

    Re-188, available from a W-188/Re-188 generator, is an important therapeutic radioisotope for bone pain palliation, cancer therapy and intravascular brachytherapy, etc. Because of the relatively low specific activity of reactor-produced W-188 (ORNL HFIR, 296-370 MBq mCi/mg W-186 for 2 cycles), methods of concentrating the Re-188 bolus (10-12 mL) from clinical scale (18.5-37 BGq W-188) generators (5-6 gm alumina) are thus very important. We demonstrate for the first time a new strategy of generator elution with salts of weak acids and specific perrhenate anion {open_quotes}trapping{close_quotes} with QMA anion columns. Re-188 perrhenate is efficiently eluted (65-75%) from the alumina-based generator with 0.15-0.3more » M ammonium acetate. An acetic acid solution of Re-188 perrhenic acid is obtained by subsequent on-line passage of the generator eluant through a DOWEX AG 50Wx8 (200-400 mesh, H{sup +} form) column. Since acetic acid is not ionized (< 0.001%) at this pH (< pK{sub a} = 4.76) the perrhenate anion is then specifically trapped on a QMA {open_quotes}Light{close_quotes} anion extraction column. QMA elution with 0.9% NaCl, provides Re-188 perrhenate solution in <1 mL. Concentration of 10-20 mL of Re-188 solution (> 15 BGq) in <1 mL has been demonstrated using this simple new approach, which is also effective for concentration of Tc-99m from low specific activity Mo-99 (n,y) generators. The cation/anion tandem system is inexpensive and disposable and use can be easily automated. The availability of this very simple, efficient system is important for broad use of rhenium-188.« less

  16. 46 CFR 188.10-15 - Coastwise.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 7 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Coastwise. 188.10-15 Section 188.10-15 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH VESSELS GENERAL PROVISIONS Definition of Terms Used in This Subchapter § 188.10-15 Coastwise. Under this designation shall be included...

  17. 46 CFR 188.10-15 - Coastwise.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 7 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Coastwise. 188.10-15 Section 188.10-15 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH VESSELS GENERAL PROVISIONS Definition of Terms Used in This Subchapter § 188.10-15 Coastwise. Under this designation shall be included...

  18. 46 CFR 188.10-15 - Coastwise.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 7 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Coastwise. 188.10-15 Section 188.10-15 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH VESSELS GENERAL PROVISIONS Definition of Terms Used in This Subchapter § 188.10-15 Coastwise. Under this designation shall be included...

  19. 46 CFR 188.10-15 - Coastwise.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 7 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Coastwise. 188.10-15 Section 188.10-15 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH VESSELS GENERAL PROVISIONS Definition of Terms Used in This Subchapter § 188.10-15 Coastwise. Under this designation shall be included...

  20. 46 CFR 188.10-15 - Coastwise.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 7 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Coastwise. 188.10-15 Section 188.10-15 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH VESSELS GENERAL PROVISIONS Definition of Terms Used in This Subchapter § 188.10-15 Coastwise. Under this designation shall be included...

  1. 46 CFR 188.10-5 - Barge.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 7 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Barge. 188.10-5 Section 188.10-5 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH VESSELS GENERAL PROVISIONS Definition of Terms Used in This Subchapter § 188.10-5 Barge. This term means any non-self-propelled vessel. ...

  2. 46 CFR 188.10-2 - Approved.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 7 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Approved. 188.10-2 Section 188.10-2 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH VESSELS GENERAL PROVISIONS Definition of Terms Used in This Subchapter § 188.10-2 Approved. This term means approved by the Commandant unless...

  3. 46 CFR 188.10-61 - Rivers.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 7 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Rivers. 188.10-61 Section 188.10-61 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH VESSELS GENERAL PROVISIONS Definition of Terms Used in This Subchapter § 188.10-61 Rivers. Under this designation shall be included all vessels...

  4. 46 CFR 188.10-61 - Rivers.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 7 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Rivers. 188.10-61 Section 188.10-61 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH VESSELS GENERAL PROVISIONS Definition of Terms Used in This Subchapter § 188.10-61 Rivers. Under this designation shall be included all vessels...

  5. 46 CFR 188.10-5 - Barge.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 7 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Barge. 188.10-5 Section 188.10-5 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH VESSELS GENERAL PROVISIONS Definition of Terms Used in This Subchapter § 188.10-5 Barge. This term means any non-self-propelled vessel. ...

  6. 46 CFR 188.10-19 - Commandant.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 7 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Commandant. 188.10-19 Section 188.10-19 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH VESSELS GENERAL PROVISIONS Definition of Terms Used in This Subchapter § 188.10-19 Commandant. This term means the Commandant of the...

  7. 36 CFR 13.188 - Permit terms.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... 36 Parks, Forests, and Public Property 1 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Permit terms. 13.188 Section 13.188 Parks, Forests, and Public Property NATIONAL PARK SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR NATIONAL....188 Permit terms. The Superintendent shall allow for use and occupancy of a temporary facility only to...

  8. 46 CFR 188.10-33 - Headquarters.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 7 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Headquarters. 188.10-33 Section 188.10-33 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH VESSELS GENERAL PROVISIONS Definition of Terms Used in This Subchapter § 188.10-33 Headquarters. This term means the Office of the...

  9. 46 CFR 188.10-5 - Barge.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 7 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Barge. 188.10-5 Section 188.10-5 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH VESSELS GENERAL PROVISIONS Definition of Terms Used in This Subchapter § 188.10-5 Barge. This term means any non-self-propelled vessel. ...

  10. 46 CFR 188.10-5 - Barge.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 7 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Barge. 188.10-5 Section 188.10-5 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH VESSELS GENERAL PROVISIONS Definition of Terms Used in This Subchapter § 188.10-5 Barge. This term means any non-self-propelled vessel. ...

  11. 46 CFR 188.10-61 - Rivers.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 7 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Rivers. 188.10-61 Section 188.10-61 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH VESSELS GENERAL PROVISIONS Definition of Terms Used in This Subchapter § 188.10-61 Rivers. Under this designation shall be included all vessels...

  12. 46 CFR 188.10-33 - Headquarters.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 7 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Headquarters. 188.10-33 Section 188.10-33 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH VESSELS GENERAL PROVISIONS Definition of Terms Used in This Subchapter § 188.10-33 Headquarters. This term means the Commandant (CG-00...

  13. 36 CFR 13.188 - Permit terms.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... 36 Parks, Forests, and Public Property 1 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Permit terms. 13.188 Section 13.188 Parks, Forests, and Public Property NATIONAL PARK SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR NATIONAL....188 Permit terms. The Superintendent shall allow for use and occupancy of a temporary facility only to...

  14. 46 CFR 188.10-25 - Explosive.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 7 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Explosive. 188.10-25 Section 188.10-25 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH VESSELS GENERAL PROVISIONS Definition of Terms Used in This Subchapter § 188.10-25 Explosive. This term means a chemical compound or...

  15. 36 CFR 13.188 - Permit terms.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 36 Parks, Forests, and Public Property 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Permit terms. 13.188 Section 13.188 Parks, Forests, and Public Property NATIONAL PARK SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR NATIONAL....188 Permit terms. The Superintendent shall allow for use and occupancy of a temporary facility only to...

  16. 46 CFR 188.10-61 - Rivers.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 7 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Rivers. 188.10-61 Section 188.10-61 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH VESSELS GENERAL PROVISIONS Definition of Terms Used in This Subchapter § 188.10-61 Rivers. Under this designation shall be included all vessels...

  17. 46 CFR 188.10-2 - Approved.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 7 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Approved. 188.10-2 Section 188.10-2 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH VESSELS GENERAL PROVISIONS Definition of Terms Used in This Subchapter § 188.10-2 Approved. This term means approved by the Commandant unless...

  18. 36 CFR 13.188 - Permit terms.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... 36 Parks, Forests, and Public Property 1 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Permit terms. 13.188 Section 13.188 Parks, Forests, and Public Property NATIONAL PARK SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR NATIONAL....188 Permit terms. The Superintendent shall allow for use and occupancy of a temporary facility only to...

  19. 46 CFR 188.10-19 - Commandant.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 7 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Commandant. 188.10-19 Section 188.10-19 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH VESSELS GENERAL PROVISIONS Definition of Terms Used in This Subchapter § 188.10-19 Commandant. This term means the Commandant of the...

  20. 46 CFR 188.10-2 - Approved.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 7 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Approved. 188.10-2 Section 188.10-2 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH VESSELS GENERAL PROVISIONS Definition of Terms Used in This Subchapter § 188.10-2 Approved. This term means approved by the Commandant unless...

  1. 46 CFR 188.10-33 - Headquarters.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 7 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Headquarters. 188.10-33 Section 188.10-33 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH VESSELS GENERAL PROVISIONS Definition of Terms Used in This Subchapter § 188.10-33 Headquarters. This term means the Commandant (CG-00...

  2. 46 CFR 188.10-19 - Commandant.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 7 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Commandant. 188.10-19 Section 188.10-19 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH VESSELS GENERAL PROVISIONS Definition of Terms Used in This Subchapter § 188.10-19 Commandant. This term means the Commandant of the...

  3. 46 CFR 188.10-5 - Barge.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 7 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Barge. 188.10-5 Section 188.10-5 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH VESSELS GENERAL PROVISIONS Definition of Terms Used in This Subchapter § 188.10-5 Barge. This term means any non-self-propelled vessel. ...

  4. 46 CFR 188.10-25 - Explosive.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 7 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Explosive. 188.10-25 Section 188.10-25 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH VESSELS GENERAL PROVISIONS Definition of Terms Used in This Subchapter § 188.10-25 Explosive. This term means a chemical compound or...

  5. 46 CFR 188.10-61 - Rivers.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 7 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Rivers. 188.10-61 Section 188.10-61 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH VESSELS GENERAL PROVISIONS Definition of Terms Used in This Subchapter § 188.10-61 Rivers. Under this designation shall be included all vessels...

  6. 46 CFR 188.10-19 - Commandant.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 7 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Commandant. 188.10-19 Section 188.10-19 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH VESSELS GENERAL PROVISIONS Definition of Terms Used in This Subchapter § 188.10-19 Commandant. This term means the Commandant of the...

  7. 46 CFR 188.10-2 - Approved.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 7 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Approved. 188.10-2 Section 188.10-2 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH VESSELS GENERAL PROVISIONS Definition of Terms Used in This Subchapter § 188.10-2 Approved. This term means approved by the Commandant unless...

  8. 46 CFR 188.10-33 - Headquarters.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 7 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Headquarters. 188.10-33 Section 188.10-33 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH VESSELS GENERAL PROVISIONS Definition of Terms Used in This Subchapter § 188.10-33 Headquarters. This term means the Office of the...

  9. 46 CFR 188.10-25 - Explosive.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 7 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Explosive. 188.10-25 Section 188.10-25 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH VESSELS GENERAL PROVISIONS Definition of Terms Used in This Subchapter § 188.10-25 Explosive. This term means a chemical compound or...

  10. 36 CFR 13.188 - Permit terms.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 36 Parks, Forests, and Public Property 1 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Permit terms. 13.188 Section 13.188 Parks, Forests, and Public Property NATIONAL PARK SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR NATIONAL....188 Permit terms. The Superintendent shall allow for use and occupancy of a temporary facility only to...

  11. 46 CFR 188.10-2 - Approved.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 7 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Approved. 188.10-2 Section 188.10-2 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH VESSELS GENERAL PROVISIONS Definition of Terms Used in This Subchapter § 188.10-2 Approved. This term means approved by the Commandant unless...

  12. 46 CFR 188.10-25 - Explosive.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 7 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Explosive. 188.10-25 Section 188.10-25 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH VESSELS GENERAL PROVISIONS Definition of Terms Used in This Subchapter § 188.10-25 Explosive. This term means a chemical compound or...

  13. 46 CFR 188.10-25 - Explosive.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 7 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Explosive. 188.10-25 Section 188.10-25 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH VESSELS GENERAL PROVISIONS Definition of Terms Used in This Subchapter § 188.10-25 Explosive. This term means a chemical compound or...

  14. 46 CFR 188.10-19 - Commandant.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 7 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Commandant. 188.10-19 Section 188.10-19 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH VESSELS GENERAL PROVISIONS Definition of Terms Used in This Subchapter § 188.10-19 Commandant. This term means the Commandant of the...

  15. 46 CFR 188.10-33 - Headquarters.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 7 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Headquarters. 188.10-33 Section 188.10-33 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH VESSELS GENERAL PROVISIONS Definition of Terms Used in This Subchapter § 188.10-33 Headquarters. This term means the Office of the...

  16. "Decarbonization" of an imino N-heterocyclic carbene via triple benzyl migration from hafnium

    USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

    An imino N-heterocyclic carbene underwent three sequential benzyl migrations upon reaction with tetrabenzylhafnium, resulting in complete removal of the carbene carbon from the ligand. The resulting eneamido-amidinato hafnium complex showed alkene polymerization activity comparable to that of a prec...

  17. 46 CFR 188.10-37 - Label.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 7 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Label. 188.10-37 Section 188.10-37 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH VESSELS GENERAL PROVISIONS Definition of Terms Used in This Subchapter § 188.10-37 Label. This term means the label required by 49 CFR part 172...

  18. 46 CFR 188.10-37 - Label.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 7 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Label. 188.10-37 Section 188.10-37 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH VESSELS GENERAL PROVISIONS Definition of Terms Used in This Subchapter § 188.10-37 Label. This term means the label required by 49 CFR part 172...

  19. 46 CFR 188.10-37 - Label.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 7 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Label. 188.10-37 Section 188.10-37 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH VESSELS GENERAL PROVISIONS Definition of Terms Used in This Subchapter § 188.10-37 Label. This term means the label required by 49 CFR part 172...

  20. 46 CFR 188.10-37 - Label.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 7 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Label. 188.10-37 Section 188.10-37 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH VESSELS GENERAL PROVISIONS Definition of Terms Used in This Subchapter § 188.10-37 Label. This term means the label required by 49 CFR part 172...

  1. 46 CFR 188.10-37 - Label.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 7 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Label. 188.10-37 Section 188.10-37 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH VESSELS GENERAL PROVISIONS Definition of Terms Used in This Subchapter § 188.10-37 Label. This term means the label required by 49 CFR part 172...

  2. 46 CFR 188.10-51 - Ocean.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 7 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Ocean. 188.10-51 Section 188.10-51 Shipping COAST GUARD... Terms Used in This Subchapter § 188.10-51 Ocean. Under this designation shall be included all vessels navigating the waters of any ocean, or the Gulf of Mexico more than 20 nautical miles offshore. ...

  3. 46 CFR 188.10-51 - Ocean.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 7 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Ocean. 188.10-51 Section 188.10-51 Shipping COAST GUARD... Terms Used in This Subchapter § 188.10-51 Ocean. Under this designation shall be included all vessels navigating the waters of any ocean, or the Gulf of Mexico more than 20 nautical miles offshore. ...

  4. 46 CFR 188.10-51 - Ocean.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 7 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Ocean. 188.10-51 Section 188.10-51 Shipping COAST GUARD... Terms Used in This Subchapter § 188.10-51 Ocean. Under this designation shall be included all vessels navigating the waters of any ocean, or the Gulf of Mexico more than 20 nautical miles offshore. ...

  5. 46 CFR 188.10-51 - Ocean.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 7 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Ocean. 188.10-51 Section 188.10-51 Shipping COAST GUARD... Terms Used in This Subchapter § 188.10-51 Ocean. Under this designation shall be included all vessels navigating the waters of any ocean, or the Gulf of Mexico more than 20 nautical miles offshore. ...

  6. 46 CFR 188.10-51 - Ocean.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 7 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Ocean. 188.10-51 Section 188.10-51 Shipping COAST GUARD... Terms Used in This Subchapter § 188.10-51 Ocean. Under this designation shall be included all vessels navigating the waters of any ocean, or the Gulf of Mexico more than 20 nautical miles offshore. ...

  7. PROCESS OF RECOVERING ZIRCONIUM VALUES FROM HAFNIUM VALUES BY SOLVENT EXTRACTION WITH AN ALKYL PHOSPHATE

    DOEpatents

    Peppard, D.F.

    1960-02-01

    A process of separating hafnium nitrate from zirconium nitrate contained in a nitric acid solution by selectively. extracting the zirconium nitrate with a water-immiscible alkyl phosphate is reported.

  8. External beam radiotherapy synergizes 188Re-liposome against human esophageal cancer xenograft and modulates 188Re-liposome pharmacokinetics

    PubMed Central

    Chang, Chih-Hsien; Liu, Shin-Yi; Chi, Chih-Wen; Yu, Hsiang-Lin; Chang, Tsui-Jung; Tsai, Tung-Hu; Lee, Te-Wei; Chen, Yu-Jen

    2015-01-01

    External beam radiotherapy (EBRT) treats gross tumors and local microscopic diseases. Radionuclide therapy by radioisotopes can eradicate tumors systemically. Rhenium 188 (188Re)-liposome, a nanoparticle undergoing clinical trials, emits gamma rays for imaging validation and beta rays for therapy, with biodistribution profiles preferential to tumors. We designed a combinatory treatment and examined its effects on human esophageal cancer xenografts, a malignancy with potential treatment resistance and poor prognosis. Human esophageal cancer cell lines BE-3 (adenocarcinoma) and CE81T/VGH (squamous cell carcinoma) were implanted and compared. The radiochemical purity of 188Re-liposome exceeded 95%. Molecular imaging by NanoSPECT/CT showed that BE-3, but not CE81T/VGH, xenografts could uptake the 188Re-liposome. The combination of EBRT and 188Re-liposome inhibited tumor regrowth greater than each treatment alone, as the tumor growth inhibition rate was 30% with EBRT, 25% with 188Re-liposome, and 53% with the combination treatment at 21 days postinjection. Combinatory treatment had no additive adverse effects and significant biological toxicities on white blood cell counts, body weight, or liver and renal functions. EBRT significantly enhanced the excretion of 188Re-liposome into feces and urine. In conclusion, the combination of EBRT with 188Re-liposome might be a potential treatment modality for esophageal cancer. PMID:26056445

  9. 7 CFR 4279.188-4279.199 - [Reserved

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 15 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false [Reserved] 4279.188-4279.199 Section 4279.188-4279.199 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL BUSINESS-COOPERATIVE... Loans §§ 4279.188-4279.199 [Reserved] ...

  10. 7 CFR 4279.188-4279.199 - [Reserved

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 15 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false [Reserved] 4279.188-4279.199 Section 4279.188-4279.199 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL BUSINESS-COOPERATIVE... Loans §§ 4279.188-4279.199 [Reserved] ...

  11. 7 CFR 4279.188-4279.199 - [Reserved

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 15 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false [Reserved] 4279.188-4279.199 Section 4279.188-4279.199 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL BUSINESS-COOPERATIVE... Loans §§ 4279.188-4279.199 [Reserved] ...

  12. 7 CFR 4279.188-4279.199 - [Reserved

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 15 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false [Reserved] 4279.188-4279.199 Section 4279.188-4279.199 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL BUSINESS-COOPERATIVE... Loans §§ 4279.188-4279.199 [Reserved] ...

  13. 7 CFR 4279.188-4279.199 - [Reserved

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 15 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false [Reserved] 4279.188-4279.199 Section 4279.188-4279.199 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL BUSINESS-COOPERATIVE... Loans §§ 4279.188-4279.199 [Reserved] ...

  14. Ferroelectric memory based on molybdenum disulfide and ferroelectric hafnium oxide

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Yap, Wui Chung; Jiang, Hao; Xia, Qiangfei; Zhu, Wenjuan

    Recently, ferroelectric hafnium oxide (HfO2) was discovered as a new type of ferroelectric material with the advantages of high coercive field, excellent scalability (down to 2.5 nm), and good compatibility with CMOS processing. In this work, we demonstrate, for the first time, 2D ferroelectric memories with molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) as the channel material and aluminum doped HfO2 as the ferroelectric gate dielectric. A 16 nm thick layer of HfO2, doped with 5.26% aluminum, was deposited via atomic layer deposition (ALD), then subjected to rapid thermal annealing (RTA) at 1000 °C, and the polarization-voltage characteristics of the resulting metal-ferroelectric-metal (MFM) capacitors were measured, showing a remnant polarization of 0.6 μC/cm2. Ferroelectric memories with embedded ferroelectric hafnium oxide stacks and monolayer MoS2 were fabricated. The transfer characteristics after program and erase pulses revealed a clear ferroelectric memory window. In addition, endurance (up to 10,000 cycles) of the devices were tested and effects associated with ferroelectric materials, such as the wake-up effect and polarization fatigue, were observed. This research can potentially lead to advances of 2D materials in low-power logic and memory applications.

  15. 37 CFR 2.188-2.189 - [Reserved

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... 37 Patents, Trademarks, and Copyrights 1 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false [Reserved] 2.188-2.189 Section 2.188-2.189 Patents, Trademarks, and Copyrights UNITED STATES PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE... Trademark Cases §§ 2.188-2.189 [Reserved] ...

  16. 37 CFR 2.188-2.189 - [Reserved

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 37 Patents, Trademarks, and Copyrights 1 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false [Reserved] 2.188-2.189 Section 2.188-2.189 Patents, Trademarks, and Copyrights UNITED STATES PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE... Trademark Cases §§ 2.188-2.189 [Reserved] ...

  17. 37 CFR 2.188-2.189 - [Reserved

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... 37 Patents, Trademarks, and Copyrights 1 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false [Reserved] 2.188-2.189 Section 2.188-2.189 Patents, Trademarks, and Copyrights UNITED STATES PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE... Trademark Cases §§ 2.188-2.189 [Reserved] ...

  18. 37 CFR 2.188-2.189 - [Reserved

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... 37 Patents, Trademarks, and Copyrights 1 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false [Reserved] 2.188-2.189 Section 2.188-2.189 Patents, Trademarks, and Copyrights UNITED STATES PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE... Trademark Cases §§ 2.188-2.189 [Reserved] ...

  19. 188Re(V) Nitrido Radiopharmaceuticals for Radionuclide Therapy

    PubMed Central

    Boschi, Alessandra; Martini, Petra; Uccelli, Licia

    2017-01-01

    The favorable nuclear properties of rhenium-188 for therapeutic application are described, together with new methods for the preparation of high yield and stable 188Re radiopharmaceuticals characterized by the presence of the nitride rhenium core in their final chemical structure. 188Re is readily available from an 188W/188Re generator system and a parallelism between the general synthetic procedures applied for the preparation of nitride technetium-99m and rhenium-188 theranostics radiopharmaceuticals is reported. Although some differences between the chemical characteristics of the two metallic nitrido fragments are highlighted, it is apparent that the same general procedures developed for the labelling of biologically active molecules with technetium-99m can be applied to rhenium-188 with minor modification. The availability of these chemical strategies, that allow the obtainment, in very high yield and in physiological condition, of 188Re radiopharmaceuticals, gives a new attractive prospective to employ this radionuclide for therapeutic applications. PMID:28106830

  20. 188Re(V) Nitrido Radiopharmaceuticals for Radionuclide Therapy.

    PubMed

    Boschi, Alessandra; Martini, Petra; Uccelli, Licia

    2017-01-19

    The favorable nuclear properties of rhenium-188 for therapeutic application are described, together with new methods for the preparation of high yield and stable 188 Re radiopharmaceuticals characterized by the presence of the nitride rhenium core in their final chemical structure. 188 Re is readily available from an 188 W/ 188 Re generator system and a parallelism between the general synthetic procedures applied for the preparation of nitride technetium-99m and rhenium-188 theranostics radiopharmaceuticals is reported. Although some differences between the chemical characteristics of the two metallic nitrido fragments are highlighted, it is apparent that the same general procedures developed for the labelling of biologically active molecules with technetium-99m can be applied to rhenium-188 with minor modification. The availability of these chemical strategies, that allow the obtainment, in very high yield and in physiological condition, of 188 Re radiopharmaceuticals, gives a new attractive prospective to employ this radionuclide for therapeutic applications.

  1. 12 CFR 303.188-303.199 - [Reserved

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... 12 Banks and Banking 4 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false [Reserved] 303.188-303.199 Section 303.188-303.199 Banks and Banking FEDERAL DEPOSIT INSURANCE CORPORATION PROCEDURE AND RULES OF PRACTICE FILING PROCEDURES International Banking §§ 303.188-303.199 [Reserved] ...

  2. 12 CFR 303.188-303.199 - [Reserved

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... 12 Banks and Banking 5 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false [Reserved] 303.188-303.199 Section 303.188-303.199 Banks and Banking FEDERAL DEPOSIT INSURANCE CORPORATION PROCEDURE AND RULES OF PRACTICE FILING PROCEDURES International Banking §§ 303.188-303.199 [Reserved] ...

  3. 12 CFR 303.188-303.199 - [Reserved

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 12 Banks and Banking 4 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false [Reserved] 303.188-303.199 Section 303.188-303.199 Banks and Banking FEDERAL DEPOSIT INSURANCE CORPORATION PROCEDURE AND RULES OF PRACTICE FILING PROCEDURES International Banking §§ 303.188-303.199 [Reserved] ...

  4. 12 CFR 303.188-303.199 - [Reserved

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... 12 Banks and Banking 5 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false [Reserved] 303.188-303.199 Section 303.188-303.199 Banks and Banking FEDERAL DEPOSIT INSURANCE CORPORATION PROCEDURE AND RULES OF PRACTICE FILING PROCEDURES International Banking §§ 303.188-303.199 [Reserved] ...

  5. 12 CFR 303.188-303.199 - [Reserved

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... 12 Banks and Banking 5 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false [Reserved] 303.188-303.199 Section 303.188-303.199 Banks and Banking FEDERAL DEPOSIT INSURANCE CORPORATION PROCEDURE AND RULES OF PRACTICE FILING PROCEDURES International Banking §§ 303.188-303.199 [Reserved] ...

  6. 50 CFR 300.188 - Ports of entry.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... 50 Wildlife and Fisheries 11 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Ports of entry. 300.188 Section 300.188 Wildlife and Fisheries INTERNATIONAL FISHING AND RELATED ACTIVITIES INTERNATIONAL FISHERIES REGULATIONS International Trade Documentation and Tracking Programs for Highly Migratory Species § 300.188 Ports of entry...

  7. 50 CFR 300.188 - Ports of entry.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... 50 Wildlife and Fisheries 11 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Ports of entry. 300.188 Section 300.188 Wildlife and Fisheries INTERNATIONAL FISHING AND RELATED ACTIVITIES INTERNATIONAL FISHERIES REGULATIONS International Trade Documentation and Tracking Programs for Highly Migratory Species § 300.188 Ports of entry...

  8. 46 CFR 188.35-5 - Where obtainable.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 7 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Where obtainable. 188.35-5 Section 188.35-5 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH VESSELS GENERAL PROVISIONS American Bureau of Shipping's Standards § 188.35-5 Where obtainable. (a) The standards established...

  9. 50 CFR 300.188 - Ports of entry.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... 50 Wildlife and Fisheries 11 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Ports of entry. 300.188 Section 300.188 Wildlife and Fisheries INTERNATIONAL FISHING AND RELATED ACTIVITIES INTERNATIONAL FISHERIES REGULATIONS International Trade Documentation and Tracking Programs for Highly Migratory Species § 300.188 Ports of entry...

  10. 46 CFR 188.35-5 - Where obtainable.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 7 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Where obtainable. 188.35-5 Section 188.35-5 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH VESSELS GENERAL PROVISIONS American Bureau of Shipping's Standards § 188.35-5 Where obtainable. (a) The standards established...

  11. 46 CFR 188.35-5 - Where obtainable.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 7 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Where obtainable. 188.35-5 Section 188.35-5 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH VESSELS GENERAL PROVISIONS American Bureau of Shipping's Standards § 188.35-5 Where obtainable. (a) The standards established...

  12. 46 CFR 188.35-5 - Where obtainable.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 7 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Where obtainable. 188.35-5 Section 188.35-5 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH VESSELS GENERAL PROVISIONS American Bureau of Shipping's Standards § 188.35-5 Where obtainable. (a) The standards established...

  13. 46 CFR 188.35-5 - Where obtainable.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 7 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Where obtainable. 188.35-5 Section 188.35-5 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH VESSELS GENERAL PROVISIONS American Bureau of Shipping's Standards § 188.35-5 Where obtainable. (a) The standards established...

  14. 46 CFR 188.10-69 - Scientific laboratory.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 7 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Scientific laboratory. 188.10-69 Section 188.10-69 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH VESSELS GENERAL PROVISIONS Definition of Terms Used in This Subchapter § 188.10-69 Scientific laboratory. This term means...

  15. 46 CFR 188.10-69 - Scientific laboratory.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 7 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Scientific laboratory. 188.10-69 Section 188.10-69 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH VESSELS GENERAL PROVISIONS Definition of Terms Used in This Subchapter § 188.10-69 Scientific laboratory. This term means...

  16. 46 CFR 188.10-75 - Undocumented vessel.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 7 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Undocumented vessel. 188.10-75 Section 188.10-75 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH VESSELS GENERAL PROVISIONS Definition of Terms Used in This Subchapter § 188.10-75 Undocumented vessel. This term means any...

  17. 46 CFR 188.10-71 - Scientific personnel.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 7 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Scientific personnel. 188.10-71 Section 188.10-71 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH VESSELS GENERAL PROVISIONS Definition of Terms Used in This Subchapter § 188.10-71 Scientific personnel. This term means...

  18. 46 CFR 188.10-67 - Scientific equipment.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 7 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Scientific equipment. 188.10-67 Section 188.10-67 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH VESSELS GENERAL PROVISIONS Definition of Terms Used in This Subchapter § 188.10-67 Scientific equipment. This term means...

  19. 46 CFR 188.10-17 - Combustible liquid.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 7 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Combustible liquid. 188.10-17 Section 188.10-17 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH VESSELS GENERAL PROVISIONS Definition of Terms Used in This Subchapter § 188.10-17 Combustible liquid. This term includes any...

  20. 46 CFR 188.10-3 - Approved container.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 7 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Approved container. 188.10-3 Section 188.10-3 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH VESSELS GENERAL PROVISIONS Definition of Terms Used in This Subchapter § 188.10-3 Approved container. This term means a...

  1. 46 CFR 188.10-27 - Flammable liquid.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 7 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Flammable liquid. 188.10-27 Section 188.10-27 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH VESSELS GENERAL PROVISIONS Definition of Terms Used in This Subchapter § 188.10-27 Flammable liquid. This term includes any...

  2. 46 CFR 188.10-1 - Anniversary date.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 7 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Anniversary date. 188.10-1 Section 188.10-1 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH VESSELS GENERAL PROVISIONS Definition of Terms Used in This Subchapter § 188.10-1 Anniversary date. The term anniversary date...

  3. 46 CFR 188.10-75 - Undocumented vessel.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 7 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Undocumented vessel. 188.10-75 Section 188.10-75 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH VESSELS GENERAL PROVISIONS Definition of Terms Used in This Subchapter § 188.10-75 Undocumented vessel. This term means any...

  4. 46 CFR 188.10-57 - Portable tank.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 7 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Portable tank. 188.10-57 Section 188.10-57 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH VESSELS GENERAL PROVISIONS Definition of Terms Used in This Subchapter § 188.10-57 Portable tank. This phrase means a...

  5. 46 CFR 188.10-27 - Flammable liquid.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 7 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Flammable liquid. 188.10-27 Section 188.10-27 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH VESSELS GENERAL PROVISIONS Definition of Terms Used in This Subchapter § 188.10-27 Flammable liquid. This term includes any...

  6. 46 CFR 188.10-23 - Corrosive liquids.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 7 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Corrosive liquids. 188.10-23 Section 188.10-23 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH VESSELS GENERAL PROVISIONS Definition of Terms Used in This Subchapter § 188.10-23 Corrosive liquids. (a) This term includes...

  7. 46 CFR 188.10-71 - Scientific personnel.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 7 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Scientific personnel. 188.10-71 Section 188.10-71 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH VESSELS GENERAL PROVISIONS Definition of Terms Used in This Subchapter § 188.10-71 Scientific personnel. This term means...

  8. 27 CFR 9.188 - Horse Heaven Hills.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... 27 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms 1 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Horse Heaven Hills. 9.188 Section 9.188 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms ALCOHOL AND TOBACCO TAX AND TRADE BUREAU, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY LIQUORS AMERICAN VITICULTURAL AREAS Approved American Viticultural Areas § 9.188...

  9. 27 CFR 9.188 - Horse Heaven Hills.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... 27 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms 1 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Horse Heaven Hills. 9.188 Section 9.188 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms ALCOHOL AND TOBACCO TAX AND TRADE BUREAU, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY ALCOHOL AMERICAN VITICULTURAL AREAS Approved American Viticultural Areas § 9.188...

  10. 46 CFR 188.10-67 - Scientific equipment.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 7 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Scientific equipment. 188.10-67 Section 188.10-67 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH VESSELS GENERAL PROVISIONS Definition of Terms Used in This Subchapter § 188.10-67 Scientific equipment. This term means...

  11. 46 CFR 188.10-75 - Undocumented vessel.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 7 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Undocumented vessel. 188.10-75 Section 188.10-75 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH VESSELS GENERAL PROVISIONS Definition of Terms Used in This Subchapter § 188.10-75 Undocumented vessel. This term means any...

  12. 46 CFR 188.10-57 - Portable tank.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 7 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Portable tank. 188.10-57 Section 188.10-57 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH VESSELS GENERAL PROVISIONS Definition of Terms Used in This Subchapter § 188.10-57 Portable tank. This phrase means a...

  13. 46 CFR 188.10-75 - Undocumented vessel.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 7 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Undocumented vessel. 188.10-75 Section 188.10-75 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH VESSELS GENERAL PROVISIONS Definition of Terms Used in This Subchapter § 188.10-75 Undocumented vessel. This term means any...

  14. 46 CFR 188.10-17 - Combustible liquid.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 7 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Combustible liquid. 188.10-17 Section 188.10-17 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH VESSELS GENERAL PROVISIONS Definition of Terms Used in This Subchapter § 188.10-17 Combustible liquid. This term includes any...

  15. 46 CFR 188.10-57 - Portable tank.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 7 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Portable tank. 188.10-57 Section 188.10-57 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH VESSELS GENERAL PROVISIONS Definition of Terms Used in This Subchapter § 188.10-57 Portable tank. This phrase means a...

  16. 46 CFR 188.10-57 - Portable tank.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 7 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Portable tank. 188.10-57 Section 188.10-57 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH VESSELS GENERAL PROVISIONS Definition of Terms Used in This Subchapter § 188.10-57 Portable tank. This phrase means a...

  17. 27 CFR 9.188 - Horse Heaven Hills.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... 27 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms 1 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Horse Heaven Hills. 9.188 Section 9.188 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms ALCOHOL AND TOBACCO TAX AND TRADE BUREAU, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY ALCOHOL AMERICAN VITICULTURAL AREAS Approved American Viticultural Areas § 9.188...

  18. 46 CFR 188.10-27 - Flammable liquid.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 7 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Flammable liquid. 188.10-27 Section 188.10-27 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH VESSELS GENERAL PROVISIONS Definition of Terms Used in This Subchapter § 188.10-27 Flammable liquid. This term includes any...

  19. 46 CFR 188.10-27 - Flammable liquid.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 7 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Flammable liquid. 188.10-27 Section 188.10-27 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH VESSELS GENERAL PROVISIONS Definition of Terms Used in This Subchapter § 188.10-27 Flammable liquid. This term includes any...

  20. 50 CFR 216.188 - Letters of Authorization.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... 50 Wildlife and Fisheries 9 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Letters of Authorization. 216.188 Section 216.188 Wildlife and Fisheries NATIONAL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE, NATIONAL OCEANIC AND ATMOSPHERIC... Low Frequency Active (SURTASS LFA sonar) Sonar § 216.188 Letters of Authorization. (a) A Letter of...

  1. 46 CFR 188.10-17 - Combustible liquid.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 7 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Combustible liquid. 188.10-17 Section 188.10-17 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH VESSELS GENERAL PROVISIONS Definition of Terms Used in This Subchapter § 188.10-17 Combustible liquid. This term includes any...

  2. 46 CFR 188.10-3 - Approved container.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 7 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Approved container. 188.10-3 Section 188.10-3 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH VESSELS GENERAL PROVISIONS Definition of Terms Used in This Subchapter § 188.10-3 Approved container. This term means a...

  3. 46 CFR 188.10-23 - Corrosive liquids.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 7 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Corrosive liquids. 188.10-23 Section 188.10-23 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH VESSELS GENERAL PROVISIONS Definition of Terms Used in This Subchapter § 188.10-23 Corrosive liquids. (a) This term includes...

  4. 46 CFR 188.10-3 - Approved container.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 7 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Approved container. 188.10-3 Section 188.10-3 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH VESSELS GENERAL PROVISIONS Definition of Terms Used in This Subchapter § 188.10-3 Approved container. This term means a...

  5. 46 CFR 188.10-57 - Portable tank.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 7 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Portable tank. 188.10-57 Section 188.10-57 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH VESSELS GENERAL PROVISIONS Definition of Terms Used in This Subchapter § 188.10-57 Portable tank. This phrase means a...

  6. 46 CFR 188.10-69 - Scientific laboratory.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 7 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Scientific laboratory. 188.10-69 Section 188.10-69 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH VESSELS GENERAL PROVISIONS Definition of Terms Used in This Subchapter § 188.10-69 Scientific laboratory. This term means...

  7. 46 CFR 188.10-71 - Scientific personnel.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 7 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Scientific personnel. 188.10-71 Section 188.10-71 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH VESSELS GENERAL PROVISIONS Definition of Terms Used in This Subchapter § 188.10-71 Scientific personnel. This term means...

  8. 46 CFR 188.10-1 - Anniversary date.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 7 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Anniversary date. 188.10-1 Section 188.10-1 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH VESSELS GENERAL PROVISIONS Definition of Terms Used in This Subchapter § 188.10-1 Anniversary date. The term anniversary date...

  9. 46 CFR 188.10-17 - Combustible liquid.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 7 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Combustible liquid. 188.10-17 Section 188.10-17 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH VESSELS GENERAL PROVISIONS Definition of Terms Used in This Subchapter § 188.10-17 Combustible liquid. This term includes any...

  10. 46 CFR 188.10-75 - Undocumented vessel.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 7 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Undocumented vessel. 188.10-75 Section 188.10-75 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH VESSELS GENERAL PROVISIONS Definition of Terms Used in This Subchapter § 188.10-75 Undocumented vessel. This term means any...

  11. 46 CFR 188.10-1 - Anniversary date.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 7 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Anniversary date. 188.10-1 Section 188.10-1 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH VESSELS GENERAL PROVISIONS Definition of Terms Used in This Subchapter § 188.10-1 Anniversary date. The term anniversary date...

  12. 50 CFR 216.188 - Letters of Authorization.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 50 Wildlife and Fisheries 7 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Letters of Authorization. 216.188 Section 216.188 Wildlife and Fisheries NATIONAL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE, NATIONAL OCEANIC AND ATMOSPHERIC... Low Frequency Active (SURTASS LFA sonar) Sonar § 216.188 Letters of Authorization. (a) A Letter of...

  13. 46 CFR 188.10-1 - Anniversary date.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 7 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Anniversary date. 188.10-1 Section 188.10-1 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH VESSELS GENERAL PROVISIONS Definition of Terms Used in This Subchapter § 188.10-1 Anniversary date. The term anniversary date...

  14. 46 CFR 188.10-67 - Scientific equipment.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 7 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Scientific equipment. 188.10-67 Section 188.10-67 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH VESSELS GENERAL PROVISIONS Definition of Terms Used in This Subchapter § 188.10-67 Scientific equipment. This term means...

  15. 46 CFR 188.10-67 - Scientific equipment.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 7 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Scientific equipment. 188.10-67 Section 188.10-67 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH VESSELS GENERAL PROVISIONS Definition of Terms Used in This Subchapter § 188.10-67 Scientific equipment. This term means...

  16. 46 CFR 188.10-69 - Scientific laboratory.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 7 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Scientific laboratory. 188.10-69 Section 188.10-69 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH VESSELS GENERAL PROVISIONS Definition of Terms Used in This Subchapter § 188.10-69 Scientific laboratory. This term means...

  17. 46 CFR 188.10-3 - Approved container.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 7 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Approved container. 188.10-3 Section 188.10-3 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH VESSELS GENERAL PROVISIONS Definition of Terms Used in This Subchapter § 188.10-3 Approved container. This term means a...

  18. 46 CFR 188.10-27 - Flammable liquid.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 7 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Flammable liquid. 188.10-27 Section 188.10-27 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH VESSELS GENERAL PROVISIONS Definition of Terms Used in This Subchapter § 188.10-27 Flammable liquid. This term includes any...

  19. 46 CFR 188.10-67 - Scientific equipment.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 7 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Scientific equipment. 188.10-67 Section 188.10-67 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH VESSELS GENERAL PROVISIONS Definition of Terms Used in This Subchapter § 188.10-67 Scientific equipment. This term means...

  20. 46 CFR 188.10-69 - Scientific laboratory.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 7 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Scientific laboratory. 188.10-69 Section 188.10-69 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH VESSELS GENERAL PROVISIONS Definition of Terms Used in This Subchapter § 188.10-69 Scientific laboratory. This term means...

  1. 46 CFR 188.10-17 - Combustible liquid.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 7 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Combustible liquid. 188.10-17 Section 188.10-17 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH VESSELS GENERAL PROVISIONS Definition of Terms Used in This Subchapter § 188.10-17 Combustible liquid. This term includes any...

  2. 46 CFR 188.10-11 - Chemistry laboratory.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 7 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Chemistry laboratory. 188.10-11 Section 188.10-11 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH VESSELS GENERAL PROVISIONS Definition of Terms Used in This Subchapter § 188.10-11 Chemistry laboratory. This term includes...

  3. 46 CFR 188.10-11 - Chemistry laboratory.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 7 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Chemistry laboratory. 188.10-11 Section 188.10-11 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH VESSELS GENERAL PROVISIONS Definition of Terms Used in This Subchapter § 188.10-11 Chemistry laboratory. This term includes...

  4. 46 CFR 188.10-11 - Chemistry laboratory.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 7 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Chemistry laboratory. 188.10-11 Section 188.10-11 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH VESSELS GENERAL PROVISIONS Definition of Terms Used in This Subchapter § 188.10-11 Chemistry laboratory. This term includes...

  5. 46 CFR 188.10-11 - Chemistry laboratory.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 7 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Chemistry laboratory. 188.10-11 Section 188.10-11 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH VESSELS GENERAL PROVISIONS Definition of Terms Used in This Subchapter § 188.10-11 Chemistry laboratory. This term includes...

  6. 46 CFR 188.10-11 - Chemistry laboratory.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 7 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Chemistry laboratory. 188.10-11 Section 188.10-11 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH VESSELS GENERAL PROVISIONS Definition of Terms Used in This Subchapter § 188.10-11 Chemistry laboratory. This term includes...

  7. 46 CFR 188.10-31 - Great Lakes.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 7 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Great Lakes. 188.10-31 Section 188.10-31 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH VESSELS GENERAL PROVISIONS Definition of Terms Used in This Subchapter § 188.10-31 Great Lakes. Under this designation shall be included...

  8. 46 CFR 188.10-65 - Seagoing barge.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 7 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Seagoing barge. 188.10-65 Section 188.10-65 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH VESSELS GENERAL PROVISIONS Definition of Terms Used in This Subchapter § 188.10-65 Seagoing barge. A seagoing barge is a...

  9. 46 CFR 188.10-31 - Great Lakes.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 7 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Great Lakes. 188.10-31 Section 188.10-31 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH VESSELS GENERAL PROVISIONS Definition of Terms Used in This Subchapter § 188.10-31 Great Lakes. Under this designation shall be included...

  10. 46 CFR 188.10-65 - Seagoing barge.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 7 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Seagoing barge. 188.10-65 Section 188.10-65 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH VESSELS GENERAL PROVISIONS Definition of Terms Used in This Subchapter § 188.10-65 Seagoing barge. A seagoing barge is a...

  11. 46 CFR 188.10-65 - Seagoing barge.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 7 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Seagoing barge. 188.10-65 Section 188.10-65 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH VESSELS GENERAL PROVISIONS Definition of Terms Used in This Subchapter § 188.10-65 Seagoing barge. A seagoing barge is a...

  12. 46 CFR 188.10-31 - Great Lakes.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 7 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Great Lakes. 188.10-31 Section 188.10-31 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH VESSELS GENERAL PROVISIONS Definition of Terms Used in This Subchapter § 188.10-31 Great Lakes. Under this designation shall be included...

  13. 46 CFR 188.10-49 - Numbered vessel.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 7 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Numbered vessel. 188.10-49 Section 188.10-49 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH VESSELS GENERAL PROVISIONS Definition of Terms Used in This Subchapter § 188.10-49 Numbered vessel. This term means a vessel...

  14. 46 CFR 188.10-49 - Numbered vessel.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 7 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Numbered vessel. 188.10-49 Section 188.10-49 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH VESSELS GENERAL PROVISIONS Definition of Terms Used in This Subchapter § 188.10-49 Numbered vessel. This term means a vessel...

  15. 46 CFR 188.10-31 - Great Lakes.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 7 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Great Lakes. 188.10-31 Section 188.10-31 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH VESSELS GENERAL PROVISIONS Definition of Terms Used in This Subchapter § 188.10-31 Great Lakes. Under this designation shall be included...

  16. 46 CFR 188.10-65 - Seagoing barge.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 7 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Seagoing barge. 188.10-65 Section 188.10-65 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH VESSELS GENERAL PROVISIONS Definition of Terms Used in This Subchapter § 188.10-65 Seagoing barge. A seagoing barge is a...

  17. 46 CFR 188.10-65 - Seagoing barge.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 7 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Seagoing barge. 188.10-65 Section 188.10-65 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH VESSELS GENERAL PROVISIONS Definition of Terms Used in This Subchapter § 188.10-65 Seagoing barge. A seagoing barge is a...

  18. 46 CFR 188.10-49 - Numbered vessel.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 7 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Numbered vessel. 188.10-49 Section 188.10-49 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH VESSELS GENERAL PROVISIONS Definition of Terms Used in This Subchapter § 188.10-49 Numbered vessel. This term means a vessel...

  19. 46 CFR 188.10-49 - Numbered vessel.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 7 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Numbered vessel. 188.10-49 Section 188.10-49 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH VESSELS GENERAL PROVISIONS Definition of Terms Used in This Subchapter § 188.10-49 Numbered vessel. This term means a vessel...

  20. 46 CFR 188.10-49 - Numbered vessel.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 7 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Numbered vessel. 188.10-49 Section 188.10-49 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH VESSELS GENERAL PROVISIONS Definition of Terms Used in This Subchapter § 188.10-49 Numbered vessel. This term means a vessel...

  1. 46 CFR 188.10-31 - Great Lakes.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 7 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Great Lakes. 188.10-31 Section 188.10-31 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH VESSELS GENERAL PROVISIONS Definition of Terms Used in This Subchapter § 188.10-31 Great Lakes. Under this designation shall be included...

  2. Monoclonal Antibodies Radiolabeling with Rhenium-188 for Radioimmunotherapy

    PubMed Central

    Martini, Petra; Pasquali, Micol

    2017-01-01

    Rhenium-188, obtained from an alumina-based tungsten-188/rhenium-188 generator, is actually considered a useful candidate for labeling biomolecules such as antibodies, antibody fragments, peptides, and DNAs for radiotherapy. There is a widespread interest in the availability of labeling procedures that allow obtaining 188Re-labeled radiopharmaceuticals for various therapeutic applications, in particular for the rhenium attachment to tumor-specific monoclonal antibodies (Mo)Abs for immunotherapy. Different approaches have been developed in order to obtain 188Re-radioimmunoconjugates in high radiochemical purity starting from the generator eluted [188Re]ReO4−. The aim of this paper is to provide a short overview on 188Re-labeled (Mo)Abs, focusing in particular on the radiolabeling methods, quality control of radioimmunoconjugates, and their in vitro stability for radioimmunotherapy (RIT), with particular reference to the most important contributions published in literature in this topic. PMID:28951872

  3. Monoclonal Antibodies Radiolabeling with Rhenium-188 for Radioimmunotherapy.

    PubMed

    Uccelli, Licia; Martini, Petra; Pasquali, Micol; Boschi, Alessandra

    2017-01-01

    Rhenium-188, obtained from an alumina-based tungsten-188/rhenium-188 generator, is actually considered a useful candidate for labeling biomolecules such as antibodies, antibody fragments, peptides, and DNAs for radiotherapy. There is a widespread interest in the availability of labeling procedures that allow obtaining 188 Re-labeled radiopharmaceuticals for various therapeutic applications, in particular for the rhenium attachment to tumor-specific monoclonal antibodies (Mo)Abs for immunotherapy. Different approaches have been developed in order to obtain 188 Re-radioimmunoconjugates in high radiochemical purity starting from the generator eluted [ 188 Re]ReO 4 - . The aim of this paper is to provide a short overview on 188 Re-labeled (Mo)Abs, focusing in particular on the radiolabeling methods, quality control of radioimmunoconjugates, and their in vitro stability for radioimmunotherapy (RIT), with particular reference to the most important contributions published in literature in this topic.

  4. 46 CFR 188.10-9 - Chemical storeroom.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 7 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Chemical storeroom. 188.10-9 Section 188.10-9 Shipping... PROVISIONS Definition of Terms Used in This Subchapter § 188.10-9 Chemical storeroom. This term refers to any compartment specifically constructed or modified for the stowage of chemical stores and so designated and...

  5. 46 CFR 188.10-9 - Chemical storeroom.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 7 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Chemical storeroom. 188.10-9 Section 188.10-9 Shipping... PROVISIONS Definition of Terms Used in This Subchapter § 188.10-9 Chemical storeroom. This term refers to any compartment specifically constructed or modified for the stowage of chemical stores and so designated and...

  6. 46 CFR 188.10-7 - Chemical stores.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 7 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Chemical stores. 188.10-7 Section 188.10-7 Shipping... PROVISIONS Definition of Terms Used in This Subchapter § 188.10-7 Chemical stores. This term means those chemicals intended for use in the performance of the vessel's scientific activities and is further defined...

  7. 46 CFR 188.10-7 - Chemical stores.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 7 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Chemical stores. 188.10-7 Section 188.10-7 Shipping... PROVISIONS Definition of Terms Used in This Subchapter § 188.10-7 Chemical stores. This term means those chemicals intended for use in the performance of the vessel's scientific activities and is further defined...

  8. 46 CFR 188.10-9 - Chemical storeroom.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 7 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Chemical storeroom. 188.10-9 Section 188.10-9 Shipping... PROVISIONS Definition of Terms Used in This Subchapter § 188.10-9 Chemical storeroom. This term refers to any compartment specifically constructed or modified for the stowage of chemical stores and so designated and...

  9. 46 CFR 188.10-7 - Chemical stores.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 7 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Chemical stores. 188.10-7 Section 188.10-7 Shipping... PROVISIONS Definition of Terms Used in This Subchapter § 188.10-7 Chemical stores. This term means those chemicals intended for use in the performance of the vessel's scientific activities and is further defined...

  10. 46 CFR 188.10-7 - Chemical stores.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 7 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Chemical stores. 188.10-7 Section 188.10-7 Shipping... PROVISIONS Definition of Terms Used in This Subchapter § 188.10-7 Chemical stores. This term means those chemicals intended for use in the performance of the vessel's scientific activities and is further defined...

  11. 46 CFR 188.10-9 - Chemical storeroom.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 7 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Chemical storeroom. 188.10-9 Section 188.10-9 Shipping... PROVISIONS Definition of Terms Used in This Subchapter § 188.10-9 Chemical storeroom. This term refers to any compartment specifically constructed or modified for the stowage of chemical stores and so designated and...

  12. 46 CFR 188.10-9 - Chemical storeroom.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 7 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Chemical storeroom. 188.10-9 Section 188.10-9 Shipping... PROVISIONS Definition of Terms Used in This Subchapter § 188.10-9 Chemical storeroom. This term refers to any compartment specifically constructed or modified for the stowage of chemical stores and so designated and...

  13. 46 CFR 188.10-7 - Chemical stores.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 7 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Chemical stores. 188.10-7 Section 188.10-7 Shipping... PROVISIONS Definition of Terms Used in This Subchapter § 188.10-7 Chemical stores. This term means those chemicals intended for use in the performance of the vessel's scientific activities and is further defined...

  14. 46 CFR 188.10-3 - Approved container.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 7 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Approved container. 188.10-3 Section 188.10-3 Shipping... PROVISIONS Definition of Terms Used in This Subchapter § 188.10-3 Approved container. This term means a container which is properly labeled, marked and approved by DOT for the commodity which it contains. [CGFR...

  15. 46 CFR 188.10-1 - Anniversary date.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 7 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Anniversary date. 188.10-1 Section 188.10-1 Shipping... PROVISIONS Definition of Terms Used in This Subchapter § 188.10-1 Anniversary date. The term anniversary date means the day and the month of each year, which corresponds to the date of expiration of the Certificate...

  16. Hafnium nitride buffer layers for growth of GaN on silicon

    DOEpatents

    Armitage, Robert D.; Weber, Eicke R.

    2005-08-16

    Gallium nitride is grown by plasma-assisted molecular-beam epitaxy on (111) and (001) silicon substrates using hafnium nitride buffer layers. Wurtzite GaN epitaxial layers are obtained on both the (111) and (001) HfN/Si surfaces, with crack-free thickness up to 1.2 {character pullout}m. However, growth on the (001) surface results in nearly stress-free films, suggesting that much thicker crack-free layers could be obtained.

  17. Studies on Optical and Electrical Properties of Hafnium Oxide Nanoparticles

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Jayaraman, Venkatachalam; Sagadevan, Suresh; Sudhakar, Rajesh

    2017-07-01

    In this paper, the synthesis and physico-chemical properties of hafnium oxide nanoparticles (HfO2 NPs) are analyzed and reported. The synthesis was carried out by the precipitation route by using hafnium tetrachloride (HfCl4) as precursor material with potassium hydroxide (KOH) dissolved in Millipore water. In the precipitation technique, the chemical reaction is comparatively simple, low-cost and non-toxic compared to other synthetic methods. The synthesized HfO2 NPs were characterized by using powder x-ray diffraction (PXRD), ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy, Raman analysis, and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). The monoclinic structure of the HfO2 NPs was resolved utilizing x-ray diffraction (XRD). The optical properties were studied from the UV-Vis absorption spectrum. The optical band gap of the HfO2NPs was observed to be 5.1 eV. The Raman spectrum shows the presence of HfO2 NPs. The HRTEM image showed that the HfO2 NPs were of spherical shape with an average particle size of around 28 nm. The energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS) spectrum obviously demonstrated the presence of HfO2 NPs. Analysis and studies on the dielectric properties of the HfO2 NPs such as the dielectric constant, the dielectric loss, and alternating current (AC) conductivity were carried out at varying frequencies and temperatures.

  18. Hafnium isotope evidence for a transition in the dynamics of continental growth 3.2 Gyr ago.

    PubMed

    Næraa, T; Scherstén, A; Rosing, M T; Kemp, A I S; Hoffmann, J E; Kokfelt, T F; Whitehouse, M J

    2012-05-30

    Earth's lithosphere probably experienced an evolution towards the modern plate tectonic regime, owing to secular changes in mantle temperature. Radiogenic isotope variations are interpreted as evidence for the declining rates of continental crustal growth over time, with some estimates suggesting that over 70% of the present continental crustal reservoir was extracted by the end of the Archaean eon. Patterns of crustal growth and reworking in rocks younger than three billion years (Gyr) are thought to reflect the assembly and break-up of supercontinents by Wilson cycle processes and mark an important change in lithosphere dynamics. In southern West Greenland numerous studies have, however, argued for subduction settings and crust growth by arc accretion back to 3.8 Gyr ago, suggesting that modern-day tectonic regimes operated during the formation of the earliest crustal rock record. Here we report in situ uranium-lead, hafnium and oxygen isotope data from zircons of basement rocks in southern West Greenland across the critical time period during which modern-like tectonic regimes could have initiated. Our data show pronounced differences in the hafnium isotope-time patterns across this interval, requiring changes in the characteristics of the magmatic protolith. The observations suggest that 3.9-3.5-Gyr-old rocks differentiated from a >3.9-Gyr-old source reservoir with a chondritic to slightly depleted hafnium isotope composition. In contrast, rocks formed after 3.2 Gyr ago register the first additions of juvenile depleted material (that is, new mantle-derived crust) since 3.9 Gyr ago, and are characterized by striking shifts in hafnium isotope ratios similar to those shown by Phanerozoic subduction-related orogens. These data suggest a transitional period 3.5-3.2 Gyr ago from an ancient (3.9-3.5 Gyr old) crustal evolutionary regime unlike that of modern plate tectonics to a geodynamic setting after 3.2 Gyr ago that involved juvenile crust generation by plate

  19. Intraarterial irradiation with rhenium-188 for inhibition of restenosis after PTCA - strategy and evaluation of Re-188-species for rapid urinary excretion

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Knapp, F.F. Jr.; Guhlke, S.; Beets, A.L.

    1997-05-01

    Estimated costs for coronary restenosis therapy after PTCA are > $ 1 billion (U.S.). Radiation is a simple and effective tool for inhibition of neointimal proliferation an important component of restenosis. We propose use of Re-188 (t{sub {1/2}} 16.9 h, 2.1 MeV {beta}), obtained from decay of W-188 (T{sub {1/2}} 69 d). Our alumina-based W-188/Re-188 generator has a shelf-life of several months and we have developed an on-line tandem cation/anion exchange column system to concentrate to > 18.5 BGq/mL. Estimates for targeted regional dose of 8.4 rad/37 MBq/min/mL, which is > 1,400 cGy for about 370 MBq Re-188 for 5more » min. Balloon inflation with Re-188 solutions is a new approach for more uniform vascular dose distribution as an alternative to use of radioactive wires or other linear sources. Rapid urinary excretion kinetics are important in the unlikely event of balloon rupture (<0.1%). We have therefore evaluated relative excretion kinetics of Re-188-perrhenate and -MAG3 in rats; Re-188-perrhenate was obtained from generator elution with 0.9% NaCl and re-188-MAG3 was prepared be reaction of the ligand with Sn(II)-reduced perrhenate. Fischer rats (n=4-5/group) were injected i.v. and urine and feces collected every 2 h for 12 h and then daily for 5 d. Both agents excreted > 90% in urine; biodistribution studies showed low organ uptake with intestines as the major site. Rhenium-188-MAG3 excreted more rapidly (2 h = 59.6{+-}18.5%) then Re-188-MAG3 excreted more rapidly (2 h = 68.3{+-}13.5%) in same model. Both Re-188 species are thus good candidates for balloon inflation. Studies are in progress in a swine model to evaluate the effectiveness of Re-188 for inhibition of restenosis.« less

  20. 46 CFR 188.10-59 - Recognized classification society.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 7 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Recognized classification society. 188.10-59 Section 188.10-59 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH VESSELS GENERAL PROVISIONS Definition of Terms Used in This Subchapter § 188.10-59 Recognized...

  1. 46 CFR 188.10-59 - Recognized classification society.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 7 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Recognized classification society. 188.10-59 Section 188.10-59 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH VESSELS GENERAL PROVISIONS Definition of Terms Used in This Subchapter § 188.10-59 Recognized...

  2. 46 CFR 188.10-59 - Recognized classification society.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 7 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Recognized classification society. 188.10-59 Section 188.10-59 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH VESSELS GENERAL PROVISIONS Definition of Terms Used in This Subchapter § 188.10-59 Recognized...

  3. 46 CFR 188.25-1 - Electrical engineering details.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 7 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Electrical engineering details. 188.25-1 Section 188.25... GENERAL PROVISIONS General Electrical Engineering Requirements § 188.25-1 Electrical engineering details. (a) The electrical engineering details shall be in accordance with subchapter J (Electrical...

  4. 46 CFR 188.25-1 - Electrical engineering details.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 7 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Electrical engineering details. 188.25-1 Section 188.25... GENERAL PROVISIONS General Electrical Engineering Requirements § 188.25-1 Electrical engineering details. (a) The electrical engineering details shall be in accordance with subchapter J (Electrical...

  5. 46 CFR 188.25-1 - Electrical engineering details.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 7 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Electrical engineering details. 188.25-1 Section 188.25... GENERAL PROVISIONS General Electrical Engineering Requirements § 188.25-1 Electrical engineering details. (a) The electrical engineering details shall be in accordance with subchapter J (Electrical...

  6. 46 CFR 188.25-1 - Electrical engineering details.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 7 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Electrical engineering details. 188.25-1 Section 188.25... GENERAL PROVISIONS General Electrical Engineering Requirements § 188.25-1 Electrical engineering details. (a) The electrical engineering details shall be in accordance with subchapter J (Electrical...

  7. 46 CFR 188.25-1 - Electrical engineering details.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 7 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Electrical engineering details. 188.25-1 Section 188.25... GENERAL PROVISIONS General Electrical Engineering Requirements § 188.25-1 Electrical engineering details. (a) The electrical engineering details shall be in accordance with subchapter J (Electrical...

  8. Post-elution concentration of (188)Re by an electrochemical method.

    PubMed

    Chakravarty, Rubel; Dash, Ashutosh; Pillai, M R A; Venkatesh, Meera

    2010-12-01

    High specific activity (188)Re required for nuclear medicine is mostly obtained from (188)W/(188)Re generators. As the parent radionuclide (188)W is of low specific activity (<185 GBq/g), a relatively large volume of 0.9% saline is required for the elution of (188)Re. Post-elution concentration is needed in order to increase the radioactive concentration of the eluted (188)Re. An electrochemical procedure to concentrate (188)Re suitable for the preparation of radiopharmaceuticals is developed. (188)Re eluted from an alumina generator could be concentrated approximately 100 fold, and it could be used to label DMSA and HEDP with >98% yield. Copyright 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  9. Slow DNA Transport through Nanopores in Hafnium Oxide Membranes

    PubMed Central

    Bell, David C.; Cohen-Karni, Tzahi; Rosenstein, Jacob K.; Wanunu, Meni

    2016-01-01

    We present a study of double- and single-stranded DNA transport through nanopores fabricated in ultrathin (2–7 nm thick) free-standing hafnium oxide (HfO2) membranes. The high chemical stability of ultrathin HfO2 enables long-lived experiments with <2 nm diameter pores that last several hours, in which we observe >50 000 DNA translocations with no detectable pore expansion. Mean DNA velocities are slower than velocities through comparable silicon nitride pores, providing evidence that HfO2 nanopores have favorable physicochemical interactions with nucleic acids that can be leveraged to slow down DNA in a nanopore. PMID:24083444

  10. The Protective Effect of Poloxamer-188 on Platelet Functions.

    PubMed

    Guler, Nil; Abro, Schuharazad; Emanuele, Marty; Iqbal, Omer; Hoppensteadt, Debra; Fareed, Jawed

    2017-11-01

    Poloxamer-188 (MST-188) is effective in the repair/recovery of damaged cell membranes. MST-188 is a promising agent for protecting blood cell viability. The aim of the study is to test the hypothesis that MST-188 can extend the duration of platelet function. Blood samples were collected from 20 healthy volunteers. MST-188 (10 or 2 mg/mL) containing platelet-rich plasma (PRP) was prepared with 2 procedures. First, PRP prepared from MST-188 added whole blood (WB); second, MST-188 was added to PRP. These were referred to MST-188-WB preparation (WBP) and MST-188-PRP preparation (PRPP), respectively. For control, saline was used in the same manner. Agonist-induced aggregation (AIA) studies were performed at 30, 180, and 300 minutes using Platelet Aggregation Profiler (PAP-8) aggregometer (Bio/Data Corporation, Horsham, Pennsylvania) and Adenosine diphosphate (ADP), arachidonic acid, collagen, and epinephrine as agonists at final concentration of 20 µM, 500 µg/mL, 0.19 mg/mL, and 100 µM, respectively. There was a protective effect of MST-188 on ADP and collagen AIA. At 300 minutes, ADP AIA was found to be 50.2% higher than saline control in 2-mg WBP, 43% at 10-mg PRPP, and 10.4% at 2-mg PRPP. Protective effect of on collagen AIA was 65.9% in 2-mg WBP, 42.74% at 10-mg PRPP, and 11.42% at 2-mg PRPP. In comparison between 30 and 300 minutes, MST-188 showed significant protection in terms of ADP and collagen receptors and for both types of preparations (WBP and PRPP). The protective effects of MST-188 on ADP- and collagen-induced platelet aggregation may contribute to the preservation of platelet functionality upon storage in blood banks.

  11. 7 CFR 1.188 - Awards against other agencies.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Awards against other agencies. 1.188 Section 1.188 Agriculture Office of the Secretary of Agriculture ADMINISTRATIVE REGULATIONS Procedures Relating to Awards Under the Equal Access to Justice Act in Proceedings Before the Department General Provisions § 1.188...

  12. 7 CFR 1.188 - Awards against other agencies.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 1 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Awards against other agencies. 1.188 Section 1.188 Agriculture Office of the Secretary of Agriculture ADMINISTRATIVE REGULATIONS Procedures Relating to Awards Under the Equal Access to Justice Act in Proceedings Before the Department General Provisions § 1.188...

  13. 7 CFR 1.188 - Awards against other agencies.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 1 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Awards against other agencies. 1.188 Section 1.188 Agriculture Office of the Secretary of Agriculture ADMINISTRATIVE REGULATIONS Procedures Relating to Awards Under the Equal Access to Justice Act in Proceedings Before the Department General Provisions § 1.188...

  14. 46 CFR 188.01-3 - Scope of regulations.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 7 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Scope of regulations. 188.01-3 Section 188.01-3 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH VESSELS GENERAL PROVISIONS Authority and Purpose § 188.01-3 Scope of regulations. The regulations in this subchapter contain...

  15. 7 CFR 1.188 - Awards against other agencies.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 1 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Awards against other agencies. 1.188 Section 1.188 Agriculture Office of the Secretary of Agriculture ADMINISTRATIVE REGULATIONS Procedures Relating to Awards Under the Equal Access to Justice Act in Proceedings Before the Department General Provisions § 1.188...

  16. 46 CFR 188.01-3 - Scope of regulations.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 7 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Scope of regulations. 188.01-3 Section 188.01-3 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH VESSELS GENERAL PROVISIONS Authority and Purpose § 188.01-3 Scope of regulations. The regulations in this subchapter contain...

  17. 7 CFR 1.188 - Awards against other agencies.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 1 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Awards against other agencies. 1.188 Section 1.188 Agriculture Office of the Secretary of Agriculture ADMINISTRATIVE REGULATIONS Procedures Relating to Awards Under the Equal Access to Justice Act in Proceedings Before the Department General Provisions § 1.188...

  18. 46 CFR 188.01-3 - Scope of regulations.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 7 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Scope of regulations. 188.01-3 Section 188.01-3 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH VESSELS GENERAL PROVISIONS Authority and Purpose § 188.01-3 Scope of regulations. The regulations in this subchapter contain...

  19. 46 CFR 188.01-3 - Scope of regulations.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 7 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Scope of regulations. 188.01-3 Section 188.01-3 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH VESSELS GENERAL PROVISIONS Authority and Purpose § 188.01-3 Scope of regulations. The regulations in this subchapter contain...

  20. 46 CFR 188.01-3 - Scope of regulations.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 7 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Scope of regulations. 188.01-3 Section 188.01-3 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH VESSELS GENERAL PROVISIONS Authority and Purpose § 188.01-3 Scope of regulations. The regulations in this subchapter contain...

  1. 46 CFR 188.20-1 - Marine engineering details.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 7 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Marine engineering details. 188.20-1 Section 188.20-1... PROVISIONS General Marine Engineering Requirements § 188.20-1 Marine engineering details. (a) The marine engineering details shall be in accordance with Subchapter F (Marine Engineering) of this chapter. ...

  2. 46 CFR 188.20-1 - Marine engineering details.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 7 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Marine engineering details. 188.20-1 Section 188.20-1... PROVISIONS General Marine Engineering Requirements § 188.20-1 Marine engineering details. (a) The marine engineering details shall be in accordance with Subchapter F (Marine Engineering) of this chapter. ...

  3. 46 CFR 188.20-1 - Marine engineering details.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 7 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Marine engineering details. 188.20-1 Section 188.20-1... PROVISIONS General Marine Engineering Requirements § 188.20-1 Marine engineering details. (a) The marine engineering details shall be in accordance with Subchapter F (Marine Engineering) of this chapter. ...

  4. 46 CFR 188.20-1 - Marine engineering details.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 7 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Marine engineering details. 188.20-1 Section 188.20-1... PROVISIONS General Marine Engineering Requirements § 188.20-1 Marine engineering details. (a) The marine engineering details shall be in accordance with Subchapter F (Marine Engineering) of this chapter. ...

  5. 46 CFR 188.20-1 - Marine engineering details.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 7 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Marine engineering details. 188.20-1 Section 188.20-1... PROVISIONS General Marine Engineering Requirements § 188.20-1 Marine engineering details. (a) The marine engineering details shall be in accordance with Subchapter F (Marine Engineering) of this chapter. ...

  6. Cathodoluminescence Study of Hafnium Oxide

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Purcell, Emily; Hengehold, Robert; McClory, John

    2011-10-01

    Hafnium dioxide (HfO2) is increasingly being used in place of silicon oxide as a gate insulator in field effect transistors. This is primarily due to its high dielectric constant, κ, of 25. Samples of HfO2 were grown by either atomic layer deposition (ALD) or pulsed laser deposition (PLD), with the PLD samples having assorted substrate temperatures during deposition (300 C, 500 C, and 750 C). Cathodoluminescence (CL) was chosen as the technique used for studying these HfO2 samples. The CL system used was capable of beam energies ranging from 1 keV to 20 keV and beam currents ranging from 10 μA to 50 μA. A Monte Carlo calculation using CASINO software was performed in order to determine the beam energy for the desired depth of penetration. Measurements were taken at sample temperatures ranging from 7K (closed cycled cryostat) to 300K (room temperature), as well as at various beam energies and beam currents. Comparison will be made between the PLD and ALD spectra.

  7. 46 CFR 188.01-7 - Right of appeal.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 7 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Right of appeal. 188.01-7 Section 188.01-7 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH VESSELS GENERAL PROVISIONS Authority and Purpose § 188.01-7 Right of appeal. Any person directly affected by a decision or...

  8. 46 CFR 188.10-43 - Liquefied flammable gas.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 7 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Liquefied flammable gas. 188.10-43 Section 188.10-43 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH VESSELS GENERAL PROVISIONS Definition of Terms Used in This Subchapter § 188.10-43 Liquefied flammable gas. This term means...

  9. 46 CFR 188.15-5 - Design of vessels.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 7 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Design of vessels. 188.15-5 Section 188.15-5 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH VESSELS GENERAL PROVISIONS Equivalents § 188.15-5 Design of vessels. (a) In order not to inhibit design and application the...

  10. 46 CFR 188.01-1 - Purpose of regulations.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 7 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Purpose of regulations. 188.01-1 Section 188.01-1 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH VESSELS GENERAL PROVISIONS Authority and Purpose § 188.01-1 Purpose of regulations. The purpose of the regulations in this...

  11. 46 CFR 188.10-43 - Liquefied flammable gas.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 7 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Liquefied flammable gas. 188.10-43 Section 188.10-43 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH VESSELS GENERAL PROVISIONS Definition of Terms Used in This Subchapter § 188.10-43 Liquefied flammable gas. This term means...

  12. 46 CFR 188.10-41 - Liquefied compressed gas.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 7 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Liquefied compressed gas. 188.10-41 Section 188.10-41 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH VESSELS GENERAL PROVISIONS Definition of Terms Used in This Subchapter § 188.10-41 Liquefied compressed gas. This term means...

  13. 46 CFR 188.10-43 - Liquefied flammable gas.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 7 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Liquefied flammable gas. 188.10-43 Section 188.10-43 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH VESSELS GENERAL PROVISIONS Definition of Terms Used in This Subchapter § 188.10-43 Liquefied flammable gas. This term means...

  14. 46 CFR 188.01-7 - Right of appeal.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 7 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Right of appeal. 188.01-7 Section 188.01-7 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH VESSELS GENERAL PROVISIONS Authority and Purpose § 188.01-7 Right of appeal. Any person directly affected by a decision or...

  15. 46 CFR 188.10-43 - Liquefied flammable gas.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 7 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Liquefied flammable gas. 188.10-43 Section 188.10-43 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH VESSELS GENERAL PROVISIONS Definition of Terms Used in This Subchapter § 188.10-43 Liquefied flammable gas. This term means...

  16. 46 CFR 188.01-7 - Right of appeal.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 7 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Right of appeal. 188.01-7 Section 188.01-7 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH VESSELS GENERAL PROVISIONS Authority and Purpose § 188.01-7 Right of appeal. Any person directly affected by a decision or...

  17. 46 CFR 188.01-1 - Purpose of regulations.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 7 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Purpose of regulations. 188.01-1 Section 188.01-1 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH VESSELS GENERAL PROVISIONS Authority and Purpose § 188.01-1 Purpose of regulations. The purpose of the regulations in this...

  18. 46 CFR 188.01-7 - Right of appeal.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 7 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Right of appeal. 188.01-7 Section 188.01-7 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH VESSELS GENERAL PROVISIONS Authority and Purpose § 188.01-7 Right of appeal. Any person directly affected by a decision or...

  19. 46 CFR 188.10-41 - Liquefied compressed gas.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 7 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Liquefied compressed gas. 188.10-41 Section 188.10-41 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH VESSELS GENERAL PROVISIONS Definition of Terms Used in This Subchapter § 188.10-41 Liquefied compressed gas. This term means...

  20. 46 CFR 188.10-41 - Liquefied compressed gas.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 7 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Liquefied compressed gas. 188.10-41 Section 188.10-41 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH VESSELS GENERAL PROVISIONS Definition of Terms Used in This Subchapter § 188.10-41 Liquefied compressed gas. This term means...

  1. 46 CFR 188.10-43 - Liquefied flammable gas.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 7 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Liquefied flammable gas. 188.10-43 Section 188.10-43 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH VESSELS GENERAL PROVISIONS Definition of Terms Used in This Subchapter § 188.10-43 Liquefied flammable gas. This term means...

  2. 46 CFR 188.01-7 - Right of appeal.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 7 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Right of appeal. 188.01-7 Section 188.01-7 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH VESSELS GENERAL PROVISIONS Authority and Purpose § 188.01-7 Right of appeal. Any person directly affected by a decision or...

  3. 46 CFR 188.01-1 - Purpose of regulations.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 7 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Purpose of regulations. 188.01-1 Section 188.01-1 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH VESSELS GENERAL PROVISIONS Authority and Purpose § 188.01-1 Purpose of regulations. The purpose of the regulations in this...

  4. 46 CFR 188.10-41 - Liquefied compressed gas.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 7 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Liquefied compressed gas. 188.10-41 Section 188.10-41 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH VESSELS GENERAL PROVISIONS Definition of Terms Used in This Subchapter § 188.10-41 Liquefied compressed gas. This term means...

  5. 46 CFR 188.01-1 - Purpose of regulations.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 7 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Purpose of regulations. 188.01-1 Section 188.01-1 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH VESSELS GENERAL PROVISIONS Authority and Purpose § 188.01-1 Purpose of regulations. The purpose of the regulations in this...

  6. 46 CFR 188.10-41 - Liquefied compressed gas.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 7 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Liquefied compressed gas. 188.10-41 Section 188.10-41 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH VESSELS GENERAL PROVISIONS Definition of Terms Used in This Subchapter § 188.10-41 Liquefied compressed gas. This term means...

  7. 46 CFR 188.01-1 - Purpose of regulations.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 7 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Purpose of regulations. 188.01-1 Section 188.01-1 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH VESSELS GENERAL PROVISIONS Authority and Purpose § 188.01-1 Purpose of regulations. The purpose of the regulations in this...

  8. 46 CFR 188.15-5 - Design of vessels.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 7 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Design of vessels. 188.15-5 Section 188.15-5 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH VESSELS GENERAL PROVISIONS Equivalents § 188.15-5 Design of vessels. (a) In order not to inhibit design and application the...

  9. Self-cleaning and surface chemical reactions during hafnium dioxide atomic layer deposition on indium arsenide.

    PubMed

    Timm, Rainer; Head, Ashley R; Yngman, Sofie; Knutsson, Johan V; Hjort, Martin; McKibbin, Sarah R; Troian, Andrea; Persson, Olof; Urpelainen, Samuli; Knudsen, Jan; Schnadt, Joachim; Mikkelsen, Anders

    2018-04-12

    Atomic layer deposition (ALD) enables the ultrathin high-quality oxide layers that are central to all modern metal-oxide-semiconductor circuits. Crucial to achieving superior device performance are the chemical reactions during the first deposition cycle, which could ultimately result in atomic-scale perfection of the semiconductor-oxide interface. Here, we directly observe the chemical reactions at the surface during the first cycle of hafnium dioxide deposition on indium arsenide under realistic synthesis conditions using photoelectron spectroscopy. We find that the widely used ligand exchange model of the ALD process for the removal of native oxide on the semiconductor and the simultaneous formation of the first hafnium dioxide layer must be significantly revised. Our study provides substantial evidence that the efficiency of the self-cleaning process and the quality of the resulting semiconductor-oxide interface can be controlled by the molecular adsorption process of the ALD precursors, rather than the subsequent oxide formation.

  10. 46 CFR 188.15-5 - Design of vessels.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 7 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Design of vessels. 188.15-5 Section 188.15-5 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH VESSELS GENERAL PROVISIONS Equivalents § 188.15-5 Design of vessels. (a) In order not to inhibit design and application the Commandant may accept vessels of unusual, uniqu...

  11. 46 CFR 188.15-5 - Design of vessels.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 7 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Design of vessels. 188.15-5 Section 188.15-5 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH VESSELS GENERAL PROVISIONS Equivalents § 188.15-5 Design of vessels. (a) In order not to inhibit design and application the Commandant may accept vessels of unusual, uniqu...

  12. 46 CFR 188.15-5 - Design of vessels.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 7 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Design of vessels. 188.15-5 Section 188.15-5 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH VESSELS GENERAL PROVISIONS Equivalents § 188.15-5 Design of vessels. (a) In order not to inhibit design and application the Commandant may accept vessels of unusual, uniqu...

  13. Aminopyridinate-FI hybrids, their hafnium and titanium complexes, and their application in the living polymerization of 1-hexene.

    PubMed

    Haas, Isabelle; Dietel, Thomas; Press, Konstantin; Kol, Moshe; Kempe, Rhett

    2013-10-11

    Based on two well-established ligand systems, the aminopyridinato (Ap) and the phenoxyimine (FI) ligand systems, new Ap-FI hybrid ligands were developed. Four different Ap-FI hybrid ligands were synthesized through a simple condensation reaction and fully characterized. The reaction of hafnium tetrabenzyl with all four Ap-FI hybrid ligands exclusively led to mono(Ap-FI) complexes of the type [(Ap-FI)HfBn2 ]. The ligands acted as tetradentate dianionic chelates. Upon activation with tris(pentafluorophenyl)borane, the hafnium-dibenzyl complexes led to highly active catalysts for the polymerization of 1-hexene. Ultrahigh molecular weights and extremely narrow polydispersities support the living nature of this polymerization process. A possible deactivation product of the hafnium catalysts was characterized by single-crystal X-ray analysis and is discussed. The coordination modes of these new ligands were studied with the help of model titanium complexes. The reaction of titanium(IV) isopropoxide with ligand 1 led to a mono(Ap-FI) complex, which showed the desired fac-mer coordination mode. Titanium (IV) isopropoxide reacted with ligand 4 to give a complex of the type [(ApH-FI)2 Ti(OiPr)2 ], which featured the ligand in its monoanionic form. The two titanium complexes were characterized by X-ray crystal-structure analysis. Copyright © 2013 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

  14. 46 CFR 188.27-1 - Lifesaving appliances and arrangements.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 7 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Lifesaving appliances and arrangements. 188.27-1 Section 188.27-1 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH VESSELS GENERAL PROVISIONS Lifesaving Appliances and Arrangements § 188.27-1 Lifesaving appliances and...

  15. 46 CFR 188.05-33 - Scientific personnel-interpretive rulings.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 7 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Scientific personnel-interpretive rulings. 188.05-33 Section 188.05-33 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH VESSELS GENERAL PROVISIONS Application § 188.05-33 Scientific personnel—interpretive rulings. (a...

  16. 46 CFR 188.27-1 - Lifesaving appliances and arrangements.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 7 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Lifesaving appliances and arrangements. 188.27-1 Section 188.27-1 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH VESSELS GENERAL PROVISIONS Lifesaving Appliances and Arrangements § 188.27-1 Lifesaving appliances and...

  17. 46 CFR 188.05-33 - Scientific personnel-interpretive rulings.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 7 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Scientific personnel-interpretive rulings. 188.05-33 Section 188.05-33 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH VESSELS GENERAL PROVISIONS Application § 188.05-33 Scientific personnel—interpretive rulings. (a...

  18. 46 CFR 188.05-33 - Scientific personnel-interpretive rulings.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 7 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Scientific personnel-interpretive rulings. 188.05-33 Section 188.05-33 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH VESSELS GENERAL PROVISIONS Application § 188.05-33 Scientific personnel—interpretive rulings. (a...

  19. 46 CFR 188.27-1 - Lifesaving appliances and arrangements.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 7 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Lifesaving appliances and arrangements. 188.27-1 Section 188.27-1 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH VESSELS GENERAL PROVISIONS Lifesaving Appliances and Arrangements § 188.27-1 Lifesaving appliances and...

  20. 46 CFR 188.27-1 - Lifesaving appliances and arrangements.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 7 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Lifesaving appliances and arrangements. 188.27-1 Section 188.27-1 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH VESSELS GENERAL PROVISIONS Lifesaving Appliances and Arrangements § 188.27-1 Lifesaving appliances and...

  1. 46 CFR 188.05-33 - Scientific personnel-interpretive rulings.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 7 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Scientific personnel-interpretive rulings. 188.05-33 Section 188.05-33 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH VESSELS GENERAL PROVISIONS Application § 188.05-33 Scientific personnel—interpretive rulings. (a...

  2. Synthesis and characterization of Poloxamer 188-grafted heparin copolymer.

    PubMed

    Tian, Ji-Lai; Zhao, Ying-Zheng; Jin, Zhuo; Lu, Cui-Tao; Tang, Qin-Qin; Xiang, Qi; Sun, Chang-Zheng; Zhang, Lu; Xu, Yan-Yan; Gao, Hui-Sheng; Zhou, Zhi-Cai; Li, Xiao-Kun; Zhang, Ying

    2010-07-01

    Poloxamer 188 is a safe biocompatible polymer that can be used in protein drug delivery system. In this study, a new heparin-poloxamer 188 conjugate (HP) was synthesized and its physicochemical properties were investigated. HP structure was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Hydrogen-1 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy ((1)H-NMR). Content of the conjugated heparin was analyzed using Toluidine Blue. The critical micelle concentration (CMC) of the copolymer was determined by a fluorescence probe technique. The effect of HP on the gelation of poloxamer 188 was characterized by the rheological properties of the HP-poloxamer hydrogels. Solubility and viscosity of HP were also evaluated compared with poloxamer 188. From the results, the solubility of the conjugated heparin was increased compared with free heparin. The content of heparin in HP copolymer was 62.9%. The CMC of HP and poloxamer 188 were 0.483 and 0.743 mg/mL, respectively. The gelation temperature of 0.4 g/mL HP was 43.5 degrees C, whereas that of the same concentration of poloxamer 188 was 37.3 degrees C. With HP content in poloxamer 188 solution increasing, a V-shape change of gelation temperature was observed. Considering the importance of poloxamer 188 in functional material, HP may prove to be a facile temperature-sensitive material for protein drug-targeted therapy.

  3. 50 CFR 218.188 - Modifications to Letters of Authorization.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... 50 Wildlife and Fisheries 9 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Modifications to Letters of Authorization. 218.188 Section 218.188 Wildlife and Fisheries NATIONAL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE, NATIONAL OCEANIC AND... Surface Warfare Center Panama City Division § 218.188 Modifications to Letters of Authorization. (a...

  4. 46 CFR 188.05-35 - Load lines-interpretive ruling.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 7 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Load lines-interpretive ruling. 188.05-35 Section 188.05-35 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH VESSELS GENERAL PROVISIONS Application § 188.05-35 Load lines—interpretive ruling. (a) Certificated vessels shall...

  5. 50 CFR 218.188 - Modifications to Letters of Authorization.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 50 Wildlife and Fisheries 7 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Modifications to Letters of Authorization. 218.188 Section 218.188 Wildlife and Fisheries NATIONAL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE, NATIONAL OCEANIC AND... Surface Warfare Center Panama City Division § 218.188 Modifications to Letters of Authorization. (a...

  6. 46 CFR 188.05-35 - Load lines-interpretive ruling.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 7 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Load lines-interpretive ruling. 188.05-35 Section 188.05-35 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH VESSELS GENERAL PROVISIONS Application § 188.05-35 Load lines—interpretive ruling. (a) Certificated vessels shall...

  7. 27 CFR 19.188 - Measuring devices and proofing instruments.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... 27 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms 1 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Measuring devices and proofing instruments. 19.188 Section 19.188 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms ALCOHOL AND TOBACCO TAX..., and Security Requirements Measuring and Proofing Equipment Requirements § 19.188 Measuring devices and...

  8. 27 CFR 19.188 - Measuring devices and proofing instruments.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... 27 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Measuring devices and proofing instruments. 19.188 Section 19.188 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms ALCOHOL AND TOBACCO TAX..., and Security Requirements Measuring and Proofing Equipment Requirements § 19.188 Measuring devices and...

  9. 28 CFR 115.188 - Data review for corrective action.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... 28 Judicial Administration 2 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Data review for corrective action. 115.188 Section 115.188 Judicial Administration DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE (CONTINUED) PRISON RAPE ELIMINATION ACT NATIONAL STANDARDS Standards for Lockups Data Collection and Review § 115.188 Data review for...

  10. 50 CFR 218.188 - Modifications to Letters of Authorization.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... 50 Wildlife and Fisheries 10 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Modifications to Letters of Authorization. 218.188 Section 218.188 Wildlife and Fisheries NATIONAL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE, NATIONAL OCEANIC AND... Surface Warfare Center Panama City Division § 218.188 Modifications to Letters of Authorization. (a...

  11. 27 CFR 19.188 - Measuring devices and proofing instruments.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... 27 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms 1 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Measuring devices and proofing instruments. 19.188 Section 19.188 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms ALCOHOL AND TOBACCO TAX..., and Security Requirements Measuring and Proofing Equipment Requirements § 19.188 Measuring devices and...

  12. 28 CFR 115.188 - Data review for corrective action.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... 28 Judicial Administration 2 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Data review for corrective action. 115.188 Section 115.188 Judicial Administration DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE (CONTINUED) PRISON RAPE ELIMINATION ACT NATIONAL STANDARDS Standards for Lockups Data Collection and Review § 115.188 Data review for...

  13. 46 CFR 188.05-35 - Load lines-interpretive ruling.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 7 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Load lines-interpretive ruling. 188.05-35 Section 188.05-35 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH VESSELS GENERAL PROVISIONS Application § 188.05-35 Load lines—interpretive ruling. (a) Certificated vessels shall...

  14. 17 CFR 256.188 - Research, development, or demonstration expenditures.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 3 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Research, development, or demonstration expenditures. 256.188 Section 256.188 Commodity and Securities Exchanges SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE... COMPANIES, PUBLIC UTILITY HOLDING COMPANY ACT OF 1935 4. Deferred Debits § 256.188 Research, development, or...

  15. 46 CFR 188.05-35 - Load lines-interpretive ruling.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 7 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Load lines-interpretive ruling. 188.05-35 Section 188.05-35 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH VESSELS GENERAL PROVISIONS Application § 188.05-35 Load lines—interpretive ruling. (a) Certificated vessels shall...

  16. 28 CFR 115.188 - Data review for corrective action.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... 28 Judicial Administration 2 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Data review for corrective action. 115.188 Section 115.188 Judicial Administration DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE (CONTINUED) PRISON RAPE ELIMINATION ACT NATIONAL STANDARDS Standards for Lockups Data Collection and Review § 115.188 Data review for...

  17. 46 CFR 188.05-35 - Load lines-interpretive ruling.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 7 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Load lines-interpretive ruling. 188.05-35 Section 188.05-35 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH VESSELS GENERAL PROVISIONS Application § 188.05-35 Load lines—interpretive ruling. (a) Certificated vessels shall...

  18. 50 CFR 218.188 - Modifications to Letters of Authorization.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... 50 Wildlife and Fisheries 10 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Modifications to Letters of Authorization. 218.188 Section 218.188 Wildlife and Fisheries NATIONAL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE, NATIONAL OCEANIC AND... Surface Warfare Center Panama City Division § 218.188 Modifications to Letters of Authorization. (a...

  19. 27 CFR 19.188 - Measuring devices and proofing instruments.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... 27 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms 1 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Measuring devices and proofing instruments. 19.188 Section 19.188 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms ALCOHOL AND TOBACCO TAX..., and Security Requirements Measuring and Proofing Equipment Requirements § 19.188 Measuring devices and...

  20. 46 CFR 188.10-13 - Coast Guard District Commander.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 7 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Coast Guard District Commander. 188.10-13 Section 188.10-13 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH VESSELS GENERAL PROVISIONS Definition of Terms Used in This Subchapter § 188.10-13 Coast Guard District Commander...

  1. 46 CFR 188.10-13 - Coast Guard District Commander.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 7 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Coast Guard District Commander. 188.10-13 Section 188.10-13 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH VESSELS GENERAL PROVISIONS Definition of Terms Used in This Subchapter § 188.10-13 Coast Guard District Commander...

  2. 46 CFR 188.10-13 - Coast Guard District Commander.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 7 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Coast Guard District Commander. 188.10-13 Section 188.10-13 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH VESSELS GENERAL PROVISIONS Definition of Terms Used in This Subchapter § 188.10-13 Coast Guard District Commander...

  3. 46 CFR 188.10-13 - Coast Guard District Commander.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 7 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Coast Guard District Commander. 188.10-13 Section 188.10-13 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH VESSELS GENERAL PROVISIONS Definition of Terms Used in This Subchapter § 188.10-13 Coast Guard District Commander...

  4. 46 CFR 188.10-13 - Coast Guard District Commander.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 7 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Coast Guard District Commander. 188.10-13 Section 188.10-13 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH VESSELS GENERAL PROVISIONS Definition of Terms Used in This Subchapter § 188.10-13 Coast Guard District Commander...

  5. 46 CFR 188.10-71 - Scientific personnel.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... scientific research, or in instructing, or receiving instruction, in oceanography or limnology, and shall not... 46 Shipping 7 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Scientific personnel. 188.10-71 Section 188.10-71 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH VESSELS GENERAL...

  6. 46 CFR 188.10-71 - Scientific personnel.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... scientific research, or in instructing, or receiving instruction, in oceanography or limnology, and shall not... 46 Shipping 7 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Scientific personnel. 188.10-71 Section 188.10-71 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH VESSELS GENERAL...

  7. 37 CFR 2.188-2.189 - [Reserved

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 37 Patents, Trademarks, and Copyrights 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false [Reserved] 2.188-2.189 Section 2.188-2.189 Patents, Trademarks, and Copyrights UNITED STATES PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE RULES OF PRACTICE IN TRADEMARK CASES General Information and Correspondence in...

  8. 47 CFR 1.88 - Predesignation pleading procedure.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 47 Telecommunication 1 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Predesignation pleading procedure. 1.88 Section... Rules of Practice and Procedure Miscellaneous Proceedings § 1.88 Predesignation pleading procedure. In... staff, in its discretion, may in writing, advise such licensee of the general nature of the...

  9. 46 CFR 188.35-1 - Standards to be used.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 7 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Standards to be used. 188.35-1 Section 188.35-1 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH VESSELS GENERAL PROVISIONS American Bureau of Shipping's Standards § 188.35-1 Standards to be used. (a) Where in this...

  10. 46 CFR 188.35-1 - Standards to be used.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 7 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Standards to be used. 188.35-1 Section 188.35-1 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH VESSELS GENERAL PROVISIONS American Bureau of Shipping's Standards § 188.35-1 Standards to be used. (a) Where in this...

  11. 46 CFR 188.35-1 - Standards to be used.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 7 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Standards to be used. 188.35-1 Section 188.35-1 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH VESSELS GENERAL PROVISIONS American Bureau of Shipping's Standards § 188.35-1 Standards to be used. (a) Where in this...

  12. 46 CFR 188.10-39 - Lakes, bays, and sounds.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 7 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Lakes, bays, and sounds. 188.10-39 Section 188.10-39 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH VESSELS GENERAL PROVISIONS Definition of Terms Used in This Subchapter § 188.10-39 Lakes, bays, and sounds. Under this...

  13. 46 CFR 188.10-39 - Lakes, bays, and sounds.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 7 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Lakes, bays, and sounds. 188.10-39 Section 188.10-39 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH VESSELS GENERAL PROVISIONS Definition of Terms Used in This Subchapter § 188.10-39 Lakes, bays, and sounds. Under this...

  14. 46 CFR 188.10-39 - Lakes, bays, and sounds.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 7 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Lakes, bays, and sounds. 188.10-39 Section 188.10-39 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH VESSELS GENERAL PROVISIONS Definition of Terms Used in This Subchapter § 188.10-39 Lakes, bays, and sounds. Under this...

  15. 46 CFR 188.35-1 - Standards to be used.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 7 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Standards to be used. 188.35-1 Section 188.35-1 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH VESSELS GENERAL PROVISIONS American Bureau of Shipping's Standards § 188.35-1 Standards to be used. (a) Where in this...

  16. 46 CFR 188.10-73 - Ships' stores and supplies.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 7 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Ships' stores and supplies. 188.10-73 Section 188.10-73 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH VESSELS GENERAL PROVISIONS Definition of Terms Used in This Subchapter § 188.10-73 Ships' stores and supplies. This term...

  17. 46 CFR 188.10-73 - Ships' stores and supplies.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 7 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Ships' stores and supplies. 188.10-73 Section 188.10-73 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH VESSELS GENERAL PROVISIONS Definition of Terms Used in This Subchapter § 188.10-73 Ships' stores and supplies. This term...

  18. 46 CFR 188.10-73 - Ships' stores and supplies.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 7 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Ships' stores and supplies. 188.10-73 Section 188.10-73 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH VESSELS GENERAL PROVISIONS Definition of Terms Used in This Subchapter § 188.10-73 Ships' stores and supplies. This term...

  19. 46 CFR 188.10-73 - Ships' stores and supplies.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 7 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Ships' stores and supplies. 188.10-73 Section 188.10-73 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH VESSELS GENERAL PROVISIONS Definition of Terms Used in This Subchapter § 188.10-73 Ships' stores and supplies. This term...

  20. Processing and characterization of boron carbide-hafnium diboride ceramics

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Brown-Shaklee, Harlan James

    Hafnium diboride based ceramics are promising candidate materials for advanced aerospace and nuclear reactor components. The effectiveness of boron carbide and carbon as HfB2 sintering additives was systematically evaluated. In the first stage of the research, boron carbide and carbon additives were found to improve the densification behavior of milled HfB2 powder in part by removing oxides at the HfB2 surface during processing. Boron carbide additives reduced the hot pressing temperature of HfB2 by 150°C compared to carbon, which reduced the hot pressing temperature by ˜50°C. Reduction of oxide impurities alone could not explain the difference in sintering enhancement, however, and other mechanisms of enhancement were evaluated. Boron carbides throughout the homogeneity range were characterized to understand other mechanisms of sintering enhancement in HfB2. Heavily faulted carbon rich and boron rich boron carbides were synthesized for addition to HfB2. The greatest enhancement to densification was observed in samples containing boron- and carbon-rich compositions whereas B6.5 C provided the least enhancement to densification. It is proposed that carbon rich and boron rich boron carbides create boron and hafnium point defects in HfB2, respectively, which facilitate densification. Evaluation of the thermal conductivity (kth) between room temperature and 2000°C suggested that the stoichiometry of the boron carbide additives did not significantly affect kth of HfB2-BxC composites. The improved sinterability and the high kth (˜110 W/m-K at 300K and ˜90 W/m-K at 1000°C ) of HfB2-BxC ceramics make them excellent candidates for isotopically enriched reactor control materials.

  1. 46 CFR 188.10-6 - Captain of the Port.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 7 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Captain of the Port. 188.10-6 Section 188.10-6 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH VESSELS GENERAL PROVISIONS Definition of Terms Used in This Subchapter § 188.10-6 Captain of the Port. This term means an...

  2. 27 CFR 70.188 - Expense of levy and sale.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... 27 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms 2 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Expense of levy and sale. 70.188 Section 70.188 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms ALCOHOL AND TOBACCO TAX AND TRADE BUREAU... Excise and Special (Occupational) Tax Disposition of Property § 70.188 Expense of levy and sale. The...

  3. 27 CFR 70.188 - Expense of levy and sale.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... 27 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Expense of levy and sale. 70.188 Section 70.188 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms ALCOHOL AND TOBACCO TAX AND TRADE BUREAU... Excise and Special (Occupational) Tax Disposition of Property § 70.188 Expense of levy and sale. The...

  4. 46 CFR 188.10-6 - Captain of the Port.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 7 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Captain of the Port. 188.10-6 Section 188.10-6 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH VESSELS GENERAL PROVISIONS Definition of Terms Used in This Subchapter § 188.10-6 Captain of the Port. This term means an...

  5. 46 CFR 188.10-6 - Captain of the Port.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 7 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Captain of the Port. 188.10-6 Section 188.10-6 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH VESSELS GENERAL PROVISIONS Definition of Terms Used in This Subchapter § 188.10-6 Captain of the Port. This term means an...

  6. 46 CFR 188.10-6 - Captain of the Port.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 7 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Captain of the Port. 188.10-6 Section 188.10-6 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH VESSELS GENERAL PROVISIONS Definition of Terms Used in This Subchapter § 188.10-6 Captain of the Port. This term means an...

  7. 27 CFR 70.188 - Expense of levy and sale.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... 27 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms 2 2012-04-01 2011-04-01 true Expense of levy and sale. 70.188 Section 70.188 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms ALCOHOL AND TOBACCO TAX AND TRADE BUREAU... Excise and Special (Occupational) Tax Disposition of Property § 70.188 Expense of levy and sale. The...

  8. 46 CFR 188.10-6 - Captain of the Port.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 7 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Captain of the Port. 188.10-6 Section 188.10-6 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH VESSELS GENERAL PROVISIONS Definition of Terms Used in This Subchapter § 188.10-6 Captain of the Port. This term means an...

  9. 27 CFR 70.188 - Expense of levy and sale.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... 27 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms 2 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Expense of levy and sale. 70.188 Section 70.188 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms ALCOHOL AND TOBACCO TAX AND TRADE BUREAU... Excise and Special (Occupational) Tax Disposition of Property § 70.188 Expense of levy and sale. The...

  10. 27 CFR 70.188 - Expense of levy and sale.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... 27 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms 2 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Expense of levy and sale. 70.188 Section 70.188 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms ALCOHOL AND TOBACCO TAX AND TRADE BUREAU... Excise and Special (Occupational) Tax Disposition of Property § 70.188 Expense of levy and sale. The...

  11. 46 CFR 154.188 - Membrane tank: Inner hull steel.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 5 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Membrane tank: Inner hull steel. 154.188 Section 154.188... STANDARDS FOR SELF-PROPELLED VESSELS CARRYING BULK LIQUEFIED GASES Design, Construction and Equipment Hull Structure § 154.188 Membrane tank: Inner hull steel. For a vessel with membrane tanks, the inner hull...

  12. 22 CFR 18.8 - Institution of proceeding.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... 22 Foreign Relations 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Institution of proceeding. 18.8 Section 18.8 Foreign Relations DEPARTMENT OF STATE PERSONNEL REGULATIONS CONCERNING POST EMPLOYMENT CONFLICT OF... where time, the nature of the proceeding, or the public interest does not permit, a proceeding will not...

  13. 46 CFR 188.10-45 - Marine inspector or inspector.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 7 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Marine inspector or inspector. 188.10-45 Section 188.10... GENERAL PROVISIONS Definition of Terms Used in This Subchapter § 188.10-45 Marine inspector or inspector... superintendence and direction of an Officer in Charge, Marine Inspection, or any other person as may be designated...

  14. 46 CFR 188.10-45 - Marine inspector or inspector.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 7 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Marine inspector or inspector. 188.10-45 Section 188.10... GENERAL PROVISIONS Definition of Terms Used in This Subchapter § 188.10-45 Marine inspector or inspector... superintendence and direction of an Officer in Charge, Marine Inspection, or any other person as may be designated...

  15. 46 CFR 188.10-45 - Marine inspector or inspector.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 7 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Marine inspector or inspector. 188.10-45 Section 188.10... GENERAL PROVISIONS Definition of Terms Used in This Subchapter § 188.10-45 Marine inspector or inspector... superintendence and direction of an Officer in Charge, Marine Inspection, or any other person as may be designated...

  16. 46 CFR 188.10-45 - Marine inspector or inspector.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 7 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Marine inspector or inspector. 188.10-45 Section 188.10... GENERAL PROVISIONS Definition of Terms Used in This Subchapter § 188.10-45 Marine inspector or inspector... superintendence and direction of an Officer in Charge, Marine Inspection, or any other person as may be designated...

  17. 46 CFR 188.10-45 - Marine inspector or inspector.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 7 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Marine inspector or inspector. 188.10-45 Section 188.10... GENERAL PROVISIONS Definition of Terms Used in This Subchapter § 188.10-45 Marine inspector or inspector... superintendence and direction of an Officer in Charge, Marine Inspection, or any other person as may be designated...

  18. Metal–Organic Nanosheets Formed via Defect-Mediated Transformation of a Hafnium Metal–Organic Framework

    PubMed Central

    2017-01-01

    We report a hafnium-containing MOF, hcp UiO-67(Hf), which is a ligand-deficient layered analogue of the face-centered cubic fcu UiO-67(Hf). hcp UiO-67 accommodates its lower ligand:metal ratio compared to fcu UiO-67 through a new structural mechanism: the formation of a condensed “double cluster” (Hf12O8(OH)14), analogous to the condensation of coordination polyhedra in oxide frameworks. In oxide frameworks, variable stoichiometry can lead to more complex defect structures, e.g., crystallographic shear planes or modules with differing compositions, which can be the source of further chemical reactivity; likewise, the layered hcp UiO-67 can react further to reversibly form a two-dimensional metal–organic framework, hxl UiO-67. Both three-dimensional hcp UiO-67 and two-dimensional hxl UiO-67 can be delaminated to form metal–organic nanosheets. Delamination of hcp UiO-67 occurs through the cleavage of strong hafnium-carboxylate bonds and is effected under mild conditions, suggesting that defect-ordered MOFs could be a productive route to porous two-dimensional materials. PMID:28343394

  19. Metal-Organic Nanosheets Formed via Defect-Mediated Transformation of a Hafnium Metal-Organic Framework.

    PubMed

    Cliffe, Matthew J; Castillo-Martínez, Elizabeth; Wu, Yue; Lee, Jeongjae; Forse, Alexander C; Firth, Francesca C N; Moghadam, Peyman Z; Fairen-Jimenez, David; Gaultois, Michael W; Hill, Joshua A; Magdysyuk, Oxana V; Slater, Ben; Goodwin, Andrew L; Grey, Clare P

    2017-04-19

    We report a hafnium-containing MOF, hcp UiO-67(Hf), which is a ligand-deficient layered analogue of the face-centered cubic fcu UiO-67(Hf). hcp UiO-67 accommodates its lower ligand:metal ratio compared to fcu UiO-67 through a new structural mechanism: the formation of a condensed "double cluster" (Hf 12 O 8 (OH) 14 ), analogous to the condensation of coordination polyhedra in oxide frameworks. In oxide frameworks, variable stoichiometry can lead to more complex defect structures, e.g., crystallographic shear planes or modules with differing compositions, which can be the source of further chemical reactivity; likewise, the layered hcp UiO-67 can react further to reversibly form a two-dimensional metal-organic framework, hxl UiO-67. Both three-dimensional hcp UiO-67 and two-dimensional hxl UiO-67 can be delaminated to form metal-organic nanosheets. Delamination of hcp UiO-67 occurs through the cleavage of strong hafnium-carboxylate bonds and is effected under mild conditions, suggesting that defect-ordered MOFs could be a productive route to porous two-dimensional materials.

  20. 46 CFR 188.10-73 - Ships' stores and supplies.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 7 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Ships' stores and supplies. 188.10-73 Section 188.10-73 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH VESSELS GENERAL PROVISIONS Definition of Terms Used in This Subchapter § 188.10-73 Ships' stores and supplies. This term means any article or substance which is...

  1. 46 CFR 154.188 - Membrane tank: Inner hull steel.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... Structure § 154.188 Membrane tank: Inner hull steel. For a vessel with membrane tanks, the inner hull... 46 Shipping 5 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Membrane tank: Inner hull steel. 154.188 Section 154.188... “Rules for Building and Classing Steel Vessels”, 1981. [CGD 74-289, 44 FR 26009, May 3, 1979, as amended...

  2. 46 CFR 154.188 - Membrane tank: Inner hull steel.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... Structure § 154.188 Membrane tank: Inner hull steel. For a vessel with membrane tanks, the inner hull... 46 Shipping 5 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Membrane tank: Inner hull steel. 154.188 Section 154.188... “Rules for Building and Classing Steel Vessels”, 1981. [CGD 74-289, 44 FR 26009, May 3, 1979, as amended...

  3. 46 CFR 154.188 - Membrane tank: Inner hull steel.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... Structure § 154.188 Membrane tank: Inner hull steel. For a vessel with membrane tanks, the inner hull... 46 Shipping 5 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Membrane tank: Inner hull steel. 154.188 Section 154.188... “Rules for Building and Classing Steel Vessels”, 1981. [CGD 74-289, 44 FR 26009, May 3, 1979, as amended...

  4. 46 CFR 154.188 - Membrane tank: Inner hull steel.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... Structure § 154.188 Membrane tank: Inner hull steel. For a vessel with membrane tanks, the inner hull... 46 Shipping 5 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Membrane tank: Inner hull steel. 154.188 Section 154.188... “Rules for Building and Classing Steel Vessels”, 1981. [CGD 74-289, 44 FR 26009, May 3, 1979, as amended...

  5. 46 CFR 188.10-39 - Lakes, bays, and sounds.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 7 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Lakes, bays, and sounds. 188.10-39 Section 188.10-39... PROVISIONS Definition of Terms Used in This Subchapter § 188.10-39 Lakes, bays, and sounds. Under this designation shall be included all vessels navigating the waters of any of the lakes, bays, or sounds, other...

  6. 46 CFR 188.10-39 - Lakes, bays, and sounds.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 7 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Lakes, bays, and sounds. 188.10-39 Section 188.10-39... PROVISIONS Definition of Terms Used in This Subchapter § 188.10-39 Lakes, bays, and sounds. Under this designation shall be included all vessels navigating the waters of any of the lakes, bays, or sounds, other...

  7. 36 CFR 223.188 - Prohibitions against exporting unprocessed Federal timber.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... 36 Parks, Forests, and Public Property 2 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Prohibitions against exporting unprocessed Federal timber. 223.188 Section 223.188 Parks, Forests, and Public Property FOREST... Program § 223.188 Prohibitions against exporting unprocessed Federal timber. No person who acquires...

  8. 36 CFR 223.188 - Prohibitions against exporting unprocessed Federal timber.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... 36 Parks, Forests, and Public Property 2 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Prohibitions against exporting unprocessed Federal timber. 223.188 Section 223.188 Parks, Forests, and Public Property FOREST... Program § 223.188 Prohibitions against exporting unprocessed Federal timber. No person who acquires...

  9. 36 CFR 223.188 - Prohibitions against exporting unprocessed Federal timber.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 36 Parks, Forests, and Public Property 2 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Prohibitions against exporting unprocessed Federal timber. 223.188 Section 223.188 Parks, Forests, and Public Property FOREST... Program § 223.188 Prohibitions against exporting unprocessed Federal timber. No person who acquires...

  10. 36 CFR 223.188 - Prohibitions against exporting unprocessed Federal timber.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... 36 Parks, Forests, and Public Property 2 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Prohibitions against exporting unprocessed Federal timber. 223.188 Section 223.188 Parks, Forests, and Public Property FOREST... Program § 223.188 Prohibitions against exporting unprocessed Federal timber. No person who acquires...

  11. Intratumoral Injection of 188Re labeled Cationic Polyethylenimine Conjugates: A Preliminary Report

    PubMed Central

    Kim, Eun-Mi; Heo, Young-Jun; Moon, Hyung-Bae; Bom, Hee-Seung; Kim, Chang-Guhn

    2004-01-01

    188Re(Rhenium) is easily obtained from an in-house 188W/188Re generator that is similar to the current 99Mo/99mTc generator, making it very convenient for clinical use. This characteristic makes this radionuclide a promising candidate as a therapeutic agent. Polyethylenimine (PEI) is a cationic polymer and has been used as a gene delivery vector. Positively charged materials interact with cellular blood components, vascular endothelium, and plasma proteins. In this study, the authors investigated whether intratumoral injection of 188Re labeled transferrin (Tf)-PEI conjugates exert the effect of radionuclide therapy against the tumor cells. When the diameters of the Ramos lymphoma (human Burkitt's lymphoma) xenografted tumors reached approximately 1 cm, 3 kinds of 188Re bound compounds (HYNIC-PEI-Tf, HYNIC-PEI, 188Re perrhenate) were injected directly into the tumors. There were increases in the retention of 188Re inside the tumor when PEI was incorporated with 188Re compared to the use of free 188Re. The 188Re HYNIC-Tf-PEI showed the most retention inside the tumor (retention rate=approximately 97%). H&E stain of isolated tumor tissues showed that 188Re labeled HYNIC-PEI-Tf caused extensive tumor necrosis. These results support 188Re HYNIC-PEI-Tf as being a useful radiopharmaceutical agent to treat tumors when delievered by intratumoral injection. PMID:15483337

  12. 36 CFR 223.188 - Prohibitions against exporting unprocessed Federal timber.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 36 Parks, Forests, and Public Property 2 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Prohibitions against exporting unprocessed Federal timber. 223.188 Section 223.188 Parks, Forests, and Public Property FOREST... Conservation and Shortage Relief Act of 1990 Program § 223.188 Prohibitions against exporting unprocessed...

  13. Comparative dosimetric evaluation of nanotargeted (188)Re-(DXR)-liposome for internal radiotherapy.

    PubMed

    Chang, Chih-Hsien; Stabin, Michael G; Chang, Ya-Jen; Chen, Liang-Cheng; Chen, Min-Hua; Chang, Tsui-Jung; Lee, Te-Wei; Ting, Gann

    2008-12-01

    A dosimetric analysis was performed to evaluate nanoliposomes as carriers of radionuclides ((188)Re-liposomes) and radiochemotherapeutic drugs [(188)Re-doxorubicin (DXR)-liposomes] in internal radiotherapy for colon carcinoma, as evaluated in mice. Pharmacokinetic data for (188)Re-N, N-bis (2-mercaptoethyl)-N',N'-diethylethylenediamine (BMEDA), (188)Re-liposome, and (188)Re-DXR-liposome were obtained for the estimation of absorbed doses in tumors and normal organs. Two colon carcinoma mouse models were employed: subcutaneous growing solid tumor and malignant ascites pervading tumor models. Radiation-dose estimates for normal tissues and tumors were calculated by using the OLINDA/EXM program. An evaluation of a recommended maximum administered activity (MAA) for the nanotargeted drugs was also made. Mean absorbed doses derived from (188)Re-liposome and (188)Re-DXR-liposome in normal tissues were generally similar to those from (188)Re-BMEDA in intraperitoneal and intravenous administration. Tissue-absorbed dose in the liver was 0.24-0.40 and 0.17-0.26 (mGy/MBq) and in red marrow was 0.033-0.050 and 0.038-0.046 (mGy/MBq), respectively, for (188)Re-liposome and (188)Re-DXR-liposome. Tumor-absorbed doses for the nanotargeted (188)Re-liposome and (188)Re-DXR-liposome were higher than those of (188)Re-BMEDA for both routes of administration (4-26-fold). Dose to red marrow defined the recommended MAA. Our results suggest that radionuclide and chemoradiotherapeutic passive targeting delivery, using nanoliposomes as the carrier, is feasible and promising in systemic-targeted radionuclide therapy.

  14. 40 CFR 18.8 - Stipends, Allowances, and Benefits.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... to some other place at no greater cost to the Government. An Environmental Protection Research fellow....8 Section 18.8 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY GENERAL ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION RESEARCH FELLOWSHIPS AND SPECIAL RESEARCH CONSULTANTS FOR ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION § 18.8 Stipends...

  15. 46 CFR 188.10-53 - Oceanographic research vessel.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... and other marine geophysical or geological surveys, atmospheric research, and biological research... 46 Shipping 7 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Oceanographic research vessel. 188.10-53 Section 188.10-53 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH VESSELS...

  16. 46 CFR 188.10-53 - Oceanographic research vessel.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... and other marine geophysical or geological surveys, atmospheric research, and biological research... 46 Shipping 7 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Oceanographic research vessel. 188.10-53 Section 188.10-53 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH VESSELS...

  17. 46 CFR 188.10-53 - Oceanographic research vessel.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... and other marine geophysical or geological surveys, atmospheric research, and biological research... 46 Shipping 7 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Oceanographic research vessel. 188.10-53 Section 188.10-53 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH VESSELS...

  18. 46 CFR 188.10-53 - Oceanographic research vessel.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... and other marine geophysical or geological surveys, atmospheric research, and biological research... 46 Shipping 7 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Oceanographic research vessel. 188.10-53 Section 188.10-53 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH VESSELS...

  19. 46 CFR 188.10-53 - Oceanographic research vessel.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... and other marine geophysical or geological surveys, atmospheric research, and biological research... 46 Shipping 7 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Oceanographic research vessel. 188.10-53 Section 188.10-53 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH VESSELS...

  20. 7 CFR 800.188 - Crop year, variety, and origin statements.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 7 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Crop year, variety, and origin statements. 800.188 Section 800.188 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) GRAIN INSPECTION... REGULATIONS Duties and Conduct of Licensed and Authorized Personnel § 800.188 Crop year, variety, and origin...

  1. 7 CFR 800.188 - Crop year, variety, and origin statements.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 7 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Crop year, variety, and origin statements. 800.188 Section 800.188 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) GRAIN INSPECTION... REGULATIONS Duties and Conduct of Licensed and Authorized Personnel § 800.188 Crop year, variety, and origin...

  2. 7 CFR 800.188 - Crop year, variety, and origin statements.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 7 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Crop year, variety, and origin statements. 800.188 Section 800.188 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) GRAIN INSPECTION... REGULATIONS Duties and Conduct of Licensed and Authorized Personnel § 800.188 Crop year, variety, and origin...

  3. 7 CFR 800.188 - Crop year, variety, and origin statements.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 7 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Crop year, variety, and origin statements. 800.188 Section 800.188 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) GRAIN INSPECTION... REGULATIONS Duties and Conduct of Licensed and Authorized Personnel § 800.188 Crop year, variety, and origin...

  4. 7 CFR 800.188 - Crop year, variety, and origin statements.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 7 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Crop year, variety, and origin statements. 800.188 Section 800.188 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) GRAIN INSPECTION... REGULATIONS Duties and Conduct of Licensed and Authorized Personnel § 800.188 Crop year, variety, and origin...

  5. 46 CFR 188.05-5 - Specific application noted in text.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 7 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Specific application noted in text. 188.05-5 Section 188.05-5 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH VESSELS GENERAL PROVISIONS Application § 188.05-5 Specific application noted in text. (a) At the beginning of the...

  6. 46 CFR 188.05-5 - Specific application noted in text.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 7 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Specific application noted in text. 188.05-5 Section 188.05-5 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH VESSELS GENERAL PROVISIONS Application § 188.05-5 Specific application noted in text. (a) At the beginning of the...

  7. 19 CFR 122.188 - Issuance of temporary Customs access seal.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... 19 Customs Duties 1 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Issuance of temporary Customs access seal. 122.188 Section 122.188 Customs Duties U.S. CUSTOMS AND BORDER PROTECTION, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY; DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY AIR COMMERCE REGULATIONS Access to Customs Security Areas § 122.188 Issuance of...

  8. 19 CFR 122.188 - Issuance of temporary Customs access seal.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... 19 Customs Duties 1 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Issuance of temporary Customs access seal. 122.188 Section 122.188 Customs Duties U.S. CUSTOMS AND BORDER PROTECTION, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY; DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY AIR COMMERCE REGULATIONS Access to Customs Security Areas § 122.188 Issuance of...

  9. 46 CFR 188.05-5 - Specific application noted in text.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 7 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Specific application noted in text. 188.05-5 Section 188.05-5 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH VESSELS GENERAL PROVISIONS Application § 188.05-5 Specific application noted in text. (a) At the beginning of the...

  10. 46 CFR 188.05-5 - Specific application noted in text.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 7 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Specific application noted in text. 188.05-5 Section 188.05-5 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH VESSELS GENERAL PROVISIONS Application § 188.05-5 Specific application noted in text. (a) At the beginning of the...

  11. 19 CFR 122.188 - Issuance of temporary Customs access seal.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... 19 Customs Duties 1 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Issuance of temporary Customs access seal. 122.188 Section 122.188 Customs Duties U.S. CUSTOMS AND BORDER PROTECTION, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY; DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY AIR COMMERCE REGULATIONS Access to Customs Security Areas § 122.188 Issuance of...

  12. 46 CFR 188.05-5 - Specific application noted in text.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 7 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Specific application noted in text. 188.05-5 Section 188.05-5 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH VESSELS GENERAL PROVISIONS Application § 188.05-5 Specific application noted in text. (a) At the beginning of the...

  13. 46 CFR 188.10-59 - Recognized classification society.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 7 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Recognized classification society. 188.10-59 Section 188.10-59 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH... classification society. This term means the American Bureau of Shipping or other classification society...

  14. 46 CFR 188.10-59 - Recognized classification society.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 7 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Recognized classification society. 188.10-59 Section 188.10-59 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH... classification society. This term means the American Bureau of Shipping or other classification society...

  15. Poloxamer 188 (p188) as a membrane resealing reagent in biomedical applications.

    PubMed

    Moloughney, Joseph G; Weisleder, Noah

    2012-12-01

    Maintenance of the integrity of the plasma membrane is essential for maintenance of cellular function and prevention of cell death. Since the plasma membrane is frequently exposed to a variety of mechanical and chemical insults the cell has evolved active processes to defend against these injuries by resealing disruptions in the plasma membrane. Cell membrane repair is a conserved process observed in nearly every cell type where intracellular vesicles are recruited to sites of membrane disruption where they can fuse with themselves or the plasma membrane to create a repair patch. When disruptions are extensive or there is an underlying pathology that reduces the membrane repair capacity of a cell this defense mechanism may prove insufficient and the cell could die due to breakdown of the plasma membrane. Extensive loss of cells can compromise the integrity and function of tissues and leading to disease. Thus, methods to increase membrane resealing capacity could have broad utility in a number of disease states. Efforts to find reagents that can modulate plasma membrane reseal found that specific tri-block copolymers, such as poloxamer 188 (P188, or Pluronic F68), can increase the structural stability and resealing of the plasma membrane. Here we review several current patents and patent applications that present inventions making use of P188 and other copolymers to treat specific disease states such as muscular dystrophy, heart failure, neurodegenerative disorders and electrical injuries, or to facilitate biomedical applications such as transplantation. There appears to be promise for the application of poloxamers in the treatment of various diseases, however there are potential concerns with toxicity with long term application and bioavailability in some cases.

  16. 34 CFR 222.188 - What priorities may the Secretary establish?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 34 Education 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false What priorities may the Secretary establish? 222.188 Section 222.188 Education Regulations of the Offices of the Department of Education OFFICE OF ELEMENTARY... Construction Grant Program Under Section 8007(b) of the Act How Grants Are Made § 222.188 What priorities may...

  17. 34 CFR 222.188 - What priorities may the Secretary establish?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... 34 Education 1 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false What priorities may the Secretary establish? 222.188 Section 222.188 Education Regulations of the Offices of the Department of Education OFFICE OF ELEMENTARY... Construction Grant Program Under Section 8007(b) of the Act How Grants Are Made § 222.188 What priorities may...

  18. 34 CFR 222.188 - What priorities may the Secretary establish?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... 34 Education 1 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false What priorities may the Secretary establish? 222.188 Section 222.188 Education Regulations of the Offices of the Department of Education OFFICE OF ELEMENTARY... Construction Grant Program Under Section 8007(b) of the Act How Grants Are Made § 222.188 What priorities may...

  19. 34 CFR 222.188 - What priorities may the Secretary establish?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... 34 Education 1 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false What priorities may the Secretary establish? 222.188 Section 222.188 Education Regulations of the Offices of the Department of Education OFFICE OF ELEMENTARY... Construction Grant Program Under Section 8007(b) of the Act How Grants Are Made § 222.188 What priorities may...

  20. 34 CFR 222.188 - What priorities may the Secretary establish?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 34 Education 1 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false What priorities may the Secretary establish? 222.188 Section 222.188 Education Regulations of the Offices of the Department of Education OFFICE OF ELEMENTARY... Construction Grant Program Under Section 8007(b) of the Act How Grants Are Made § 222.188 What priorities may...

  1. 21 CFR 133.188 - Semisoft part-skim cheeses.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... 21 Food and Drugs 2 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Semisoft part-skim cheeses. 133.188 Section 133...) FOOD FOR HUMAN CONSUMPTION CHEESES AND RELATED CHEESE PRODUCTS Requirements for Specific Standardized Cheese and Related Products § 133.188 Semisoft part-skim cheeses. (a) The cheeses for which definitions...

  2. 49 CFR 173.188 - White or yellow phosphorus.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 49 Transportation 2 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false White or yellow phosphorus. 173.188 Section 173... Class 7 § 173.188 White or yellow phosphorus. Phosphorus, white or yellow, when offered for... pound) of phosphorus with screw-top closures; or (2) Steel drums (1A1) not over 250 L (66 gallons...

  3. 49 CFR 173.188 - White or yellow phosphorus.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... 49 Transportation 2 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false White or yellow phosphorus. 173.188 Section 173... Class 7 § 173.188 White or yellow phosphorus. Phosphorus, white or yellow, when offered for... pound) of phosphorus with screw-top closures; or (2) Steel drums (1A1) not over 250 L (66 gallons...

  4. 15 CFR 18.8 - Rulemaking on maximum rates for attorney fees.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... attorney fees. 18.8 Section 18.8 Commerce and Foreign Trade Office of the Secretary of Commerce ATTORNEY'S FEES AND OTHER EXPENSES General Provisions § 18.8 Rulemaking on maximum rates for attorney fees. (a) If... attorney fees. The petition should be sent to the General Counsel, Department of Commerce, 14th Street and...

  5. Lifetime measurements in shape transition nucleus 188Pt

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Rohilla, Aman; Gupta, C. K.; Singh, R. P.; Muralithar, S.; Chakraborty, S.; Sharma, H. P.; Kumar, A.; Govil, I. M.; Biswas, D. C.; Chamoli, S. K.

    2017-04-01

    Nuclear level lifetimes of high spin states in yrast and non-yrast bands of 188Pt nucleus have been measured using recoil distance plunger setup present at IUAC, Delhi. In the experiment nuclear states of interest were populated via 174Yb(18O,4 n)188Pt reaction at a beam energy of 79MeV provided by 15 UD Pelletron accelerator. The extracted B(E2\\downarrow) values show an initial rise up to 4+ state and then a nearly constant behavior with spin along yrast band, indicating change of nuclear structure in 188Pt at low spins. The good agreement between experimental and TPSM model B(E2\\downarrow) values up to 4^+ state suggests an increase in axial deformation of the nucleus. The average absolute β2 = 0.20 (3) obtained from measured B(E2\\downarrow) values matches well the values predicted by CHFB and IBM calculations for oblate ( β2 ˜ -0.19) and prolate (β2 ˜ 0.22) shapes. As the lifetime measurements do not yield the sign of β2, no definite conclusion can be drawn on the prolate or oblate collectivity of 188Pt on the basis of present measurements.

  6. 46 CFR 188.27-1 - Lifesaving appliances and arrangements.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 7 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Lifesaving appliances and arrangements. 188.27-1 Section... VESSELS GENERAL PROVISIONS Lifesaving Appliances and Arrangements § 188.27-1 Lifesaving appliances and arrangements. All lifesaving appliances and arrangements shall be in accordance with the requirements for...

  7. 46 CFR 188.05-33 - Scientific personnel-interpretive rulings.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 7 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Scientific personnel-interpretive rulings. 188.05-33... VESSELS GENERAL PROVISIONS Application § 188.05-33 Scientific personnel—interpretive rulings. (a) Scientific personnel on oceanographic research vessels are not considered to be seamen or passengers, but are...

  8. MicroRNA-188 regulates age-related switch between osteoblast and adipocyte differentiation

    PubMed Central

    Li, Chang-Jun; Cheng, Peng; Liang, Meng-Ke; Chen, Yu-Si; Lu, Qiong; Wang, Jin-Yu; Xia, Zhu-Ying; Zhou, Hou-De; Cao, Xu; Xie, Hui; Liao, Er-Yuan; Luo, Xiang-Hang

    2015-01-01

    Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) exhibit an age-dependent reduction in osteogenesis that is accompanied by an increased propensity toward adipocyte differentiation. This switch increases adipocyte numbers and decreases the number of osteoblasts, contributing to age-related bone loss. Here, we found that the level of microRNA-188 (miR-188) is markedly higher in BMSCs from aged compared with young mice and humans. Compared with control mice, animals lacking miR-188 showed a substantial reduction of age-associated bone loss and fat accumulation in bone marrow. Conversely, mice with transgenic overexpression of miR-188 in osterix+ osteoprogenitors had greater age-associated bone loss and fat accumulation in bone marrow relative to WT mice. Moreover, using an aptamer delivery system, we found that BMSC-specific overexpression of miR-188 in mice reduced bone formation and increased bone marrow fat accumulation. We identified histone deacetylase 9 (HDAC9) and RPTOR-independent companion of MTOR complex 2 (RICTOR) as the direct targets of miR-188. Notably, BMSC-specific inhibition of miR-188 by intra–bone marrow injection of aptamer-antagomiR-188 increased bone formation and decreased bone marrow fat accumulation in aged mice. Together, our results indicate that miR-188 is a key regulator of the age-related switch between osteogenesis and adipogenesis of BMSCs and may represent a potential therapeutic target for age-related bone loss. PMID:25751060

  9. MicroRNA-188 regulates age-related switch between osteoblast and adipocyte differentiation.

    PubMed

    Li, Chang-Jun; Cheng, Peng; Liang, Meng-Ke; Chen, Yu-Si; Lu, Qiong; Wang, Jin-Yu; Xia, Zhu-Ying; Zhou, Hou-De; Cao, Xu; Xie, Hui; Liao, Er-Yuan; Luo, Xiang-Hang

    2015-04-01

    Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) exhibit an age-dependent reduction in osteogenesis that is accompanied by an increased propensity toward adipocyte differentiation. This switch increases adipocyte numbers and decreases the number of osteoblasts, contributing to age-related bone loss. Here, we found that the level of microRNA-188 (miR-188) is markedly higher in BMSCs from aged compared with young mice and humans. Compared with control mice, animals lacking miR-188 showed a substantial reduction of age-associated bone loss and fat accumulation in bone marrow. Conversely, mice with transgenic overexpression of miR-188 in osterix+ osteoprogenitors had greater age-associated bone loss and fat accumulation in bone marrow relative to WT mice. Moreover, using an aptamer delivery system, we found that BMSC-specific overexpression of miR-188 in mice reduced bone formation and increased bone marrow fat accumulation. We identified histone deacetylase 9 (HDAC9) and RPTOR-independent companion of MTOR complex 2 (RICTOR) as the direct targets of miR-188. Notably, BMSC-specific inhibition of miR-188 by intra-bone marrow injection of aptamer-antagomiR-188 increased bone formation and decreased bone marrow fat accumulation in aged mice. Together, our results indicate that miR-188 is a key regulator of the age-related switch between osteogenesis and adipogenesis of BMSCs and may represent a potential therapeutic target for age-related bone loss.

  10. As-Received, Ozone Cleaned and Ar+ Sputtered Surfaces of Hafnium Oxide Grown by Atomic Layer Deposition and Studied by XPS

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Engelhard, Mark H.; Herman, Jacob A.; Wallace, Robert

    2012-06-27

    In this study, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) characterization was performed on 47 nm thick hafnium oxide (HfO{sub 2}) films grown by atomic layer deposition using TEMA-Hf/H{sub 2}O at 250 C substrate temperature. HfO{sub 2} is currently being studied as a possible replacement for Silicon Oxide (SiO{sub 2}) as a gate dielectric in electronics transistors. XPS spectra were collected on a Physical Electronics Quantum 2000 Scanning ESCA Microprobe using a monochromatic Al K{sub a} X-ray (1486.7 eV) excitation source. The sample was analyzed under the following conditions: as received, after UV irradiation for five minutes, and after sputter cleaning with 2more » kV Ar{sup +} ions for 180 seconds. Survey scans showed carbon, oxygen, and hafnium as the major species in the film, while the only minor species of argon and carbide was detected after sputtering. Adventitious carbon initially composed approximately 18.6 AT% of the surface, but after UV cleaning it was reduced to 2.4 AT%. This demonstrated that that the majority of carbon was due to adventitious carbon. However, after 2 kV Ar{sup +} sputtering there was still only trace amounts of carbon at {approx}1 AT%, Some of this trace carbon is now in the form of a carbide due to the interaction with Ar{sup +} used for sputter cleaning. Furthermore, the stoiciometric ratio of oxygen and hafnium is consistent with a high quality HfO{sub 2} film.« less

  11. Hafnium, Tungsten, and the Differentiation of the Moon and Mars

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Taylor, G. J.

    2003-11-01

    Measurements of the isotopic composition of tungsten (W) show that lunar samples and Martian meteorites have an excess of W-182. This was produced by the decay of hafnium-182 (Hf-182), an isotope with a half-life of only 9 million years. Because tungsten dissolves enthusiastically in metallic iron and hafnium does not, it is possible to use the abundance of W-182 in rocks formed by melting of the silicate mantle as an indicator of the timing of core formation. However, the concentrations of Hf and W in rocky material can be affected by melting and crystallization, so we also need to know how each element concentrates in common minerals in the mantles of the Moon and Mars. The behavior of Hf has been studied experimentally, but this is not true of W. Kevin Righter (Johnson Space Center) and Charles (Chip) Shearer (University of New Mexico) have filled this knowledge void by determining how W partitions between olivine, high- and low-calcium pyroxene, plagioclase feldspar, and garnet. The new data allowed Righter and Shearer to reexamine available measurements of the isotopic composition of W in lunar samples and Martian meteorites. Their analysis suggests that the lunar magma ocean, a huge magma system that surrounded the Moon when it formed, solidified in less than 30 million years. This is shorter than many theoretical calculations suggest. Pathfinder data and chemical data from Martian meteorites suggest that the core of Mars makes up about 20% of the planet. Core formation and subsequent melting of a region of the mantle containing garnet and high-calcium pyroxene took place less than 20-30 million years after the formation of the first solids in the solar system. This type of research shows the importance of measurements of isotopic compositions of radioactive elements or their decay products and laboratory experiments on the geochemical behavior of those elements.

  12. Osmium uptake, distribution, and 187Os/188Os and 187Re/188Os compositions in Phaeophyceae macroalgae, Fucus vesiculosus: Implications for determining the 187Os/188Os composition of seawater

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Racionero-Gómez, B.; Sproson, A. D.; Selby, D.; Gannoun, A.; Gröcke, D. R.; Greenwell, H. C.; Burton, K. W.

    2017-02-01

    The osmium isotopic composition (187Os/188Os) of seawater reflects the balance of input from mantle-, continental- and anthropogenic-derived sources. This study utilizes the Phaeophyceae, Fucus vesiculosus, to analyse its Os abundance and uptake, as well as to assess if macroalgae records the Os isotope composition of the seawater in which it lives. The data demonstrates that Os is not located in one specific biological structure within macroalgae, but is found throughout the organism. Osmium uptake was measured by culturing F. vesiculosus non-fertile tips with different concentrations of Os with a known 187Os/188Os composition (∼0.16), which is significantly different from the background isotopic composition of local seawater (∼0.94). The Os abundance of cultured non-fertile tips show a positive correlation to the concentration of the Os doped seawater. Moreover, the 187Os/188Os composition of the seaweed equalled that of the culture medium, strongly confirming the possible use of macroalgae as a biological proxy for the Os isotopic composition of the seawater.

  13. High-precision measurement of (186)Os/(188)Os and (187)Os/(188)Os: isobaric oxide corrections with in-run measured oxygen isotope ratios.

    PubMed

    Chu, Zhu-Yin; Li, Chao-Feng; Chen, Zhi; Xu, Jun-Jie; Di, Yan-Kun; Guo, Jing-Hui

    2015-09-01

    We present a novel method for high precision measurement of (186)Os/(188)Os and (187)Os/(188)Os ratios, applying isobaric oxide interference correction based on in-run measurements of oxygen isotopic ratios. For this purpose, we set up a static data collection routine to measure the main Os(16)O3(-) ion beams with Faraday cups connected to conventional 10(11) amplifiers, and (192)Os(16)O2(17)O(-) and (192)Os(16)O2(18)O(-) ion beams with Faraday cups connected to 10(12) amplifiers. Because of the limited number of Faraday cups, we did not measure (184)Os(16)O3(-) and (189)Os(16)O3(-) simultaneously in-run, but the analytical setup had no significant influence on final (186)Os/(188)Os and (187)Os/(188)Os data. By analyzing UMd, DROsS, an in-house Os solution standard, and several rock reference materials, including WPR-1, WMS-1a, and Gpt-5, the in-run measured oxygen isotopic ratios were proven to present accurate Os isotopic data. However, (186)Os/(188)Os and (187)Os/(188)Os data obtained with in-run O isotopic compositions for the solution standards and rock reference materials show minimal improvement in internal and external precision, compared to the conventional oxygen correction method. We concluded that, the small variations of oxygen isotopes during OsO3(-) analytical sessions are probably not the main source of error for high precision Os isotopic analysis. Nevertheless, use of run-specific O isotopic compositions is still a better choice for Os isotopic data reduction and eliminates the requirement of extra measurements of the oxygen isotopic ratios.

  14. Study of bulk Hafnium oxide (HfO2) under compression

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Pathak, Santanu; Mandal, Guruprasad; Das, Parnika

    2018-04-01

    Hafnium oxide (HfO2) is a technologically important material. This material has K-value of 25 and band gap 5.8 eV. A k value of 25-30 is preferred for a gate dielectric [1]. As it shows good insulating and capacitive properties, HfO2 is being considered as a replacement to SiO2 in microelectronic devices as gate dielectrics. On the other hand because of toughening mechanism due to phase transformation induced by stress field observed in these oxides, HFO2 has been a material of investigations in various configurations for a very long time. However the controversies about phase transition of HfO2 under pressure still exists. High quality synchrotron radiation has been used to study the structural phase transition of HfO2 under pressure.

  15. Extended acute toxicity study of (188) Re-liposome in rats.

    PubMed

    Chi-Mou, Liu; Chia-Che, Tsai; Chia-Yu, Yu; Wan-Chi, Lee; Chung-Li, Ho; Tsui-Jung, Chang; Chih-Hsien, Chang; Te-Wei, Lee

    2013-09-01

    Liposomes can selectively target cancer sites and carry payloads, thereby improving diagnostic and therapeutic effectiveness as well as reducing toxicity. To evaluate therapeutic strategies, it is essential to use animal models reflecting important safety aspects before clinical application. As our previous study found that a high dosage (185 of MBq) of (188) Re-N,N-bis (2-mercaptoethyl)-N',N'-diethylethylenediamine-labeled pegylated liposomes ((188) Re-liposome) induced a decrease in white blood cell (WBC) count in Sprague-Dawley rats 7 days postinjection, the objective of the present study was to investigate extended acute radiotoxicity of (188) Re-liposome. Rats were administered via intravenous (i.v.) injection with (188) Re-liposome (185, 55.5 and 18.5 MBq), normal saline as a blank control or non-radioactive liposome as a vehicle control. Mortality, clinical signs, food consumption, body weights, urinary, biochemical and hematological analyzes were examined. In addition, gross necropsy and histopathological examinations were also performed at the end of the follow-up period. None of the rats died and no clinical sign was observed during the 28-day study period. Only male rats receiving (188) Re-liposome at a high dosage (185 MBq) displayed a slight weight loss compared with the control rats. In both male and female rats, the WBC counts of both high-dose and medium-dose (55.5 MBq) groups reduced significantly 7 days postinjection, but recovered to the normal range on Study Day 29. There was no significant difference in urinary analyzes, biochemical parameters and histopathological assessments between the (188) Re-liposome-treated and control groups. The information generated from the present study on extended acute toxicity of (188) Re-liposome will serve as a safety reference for radiopharmaceuticals in early-phase clinical trials. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

  16. 46 CFR 188.05-1 - Vessels subject to requirements of this subchapter.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 7 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Vessels subject to requirements of this subchapter. 188.05-1 Section 188.05-1 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH VESSELS GENERAL PROVISIONS Application § 188.05-1 Vessels subject to requirements of this...

  17. 46 CFR 188.05-1 - Vessels subject to requirements of this subchapter.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 7 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Vessels subject to requirements of this subchapter. 188.05-1 Section 188.05-1 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH VESSELS GENERAL PROVISIONS Application § 188.05-1 Vessels subject to requirements of this...

  18. 46 CFR 188.05-1 - Vessels subject to requirements of this subchapter.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 7 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Vessels subject to requirements of this subchapter. 188.05-1 Section 188.05-1 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH VESSELS GENERAL PROVISIONS Application § 188.05-1 Vessels subject to requirements of this...

  19. 46 CFR 188.05-1 - Vessels subject to requirements of this subchapter.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 7 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Vessels subject to requirements of this subchapter. 188.05-1 Section 188.05-1 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH VESSELS GENERAL PROVISIONS Application § 188.05-1 Vessels subject to requirements of this...

  20. 46 CFR 188.05-1 - Vessels subject to requirements of this subchapter.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 7 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Vessels subject to requirements of this subchapter. 188.05-1 Section 188.05-1 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH VESSELS GENERAL PROVISIONS Application § 188.05-1 Vessels subject to requirements of this...

  1. Poloxamer-188 reduces muscular edema after tourniquet-induced ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats.

    PubMed

    Walters, Thomas J; Mase, Vincent J; Roe, Janet L; Dubick, Michael A; Christy, Robert J

    2011-05-01

    Skeletal muscle injury can result in significant edema, which can in turn lead to the development of acute extremity compartment syndrome (CS). Poloxamer-188 (P-188), a multiblock copolymer surfactant, has been shown to decrease edema by sealing damaged membranes in a number of tissues after a variety of injury modalities. The objective is to determine whether the administration of P-188 significantly reduces skeletal muscle edema associated with ischemia/reperfusion injury (I-R). Male Sprague-Dawley rats underwent 180 minutes of tourniquet-induced ischemia. Five minutes before tourniquet release, rats received either a bolus of (1) P-188 (150 mg/kg; P-188 group) or (2) vehicle (Vehicle group) via a jugular catheter (n=10 per group). After 240 minutes reperfusion, both groups received a second bolus of either P-188 (P-188) or vehicle (Vehicle) via a tail vein catheter. Sixteen hours later, rats were killed; muscle weights were determined, infarct size (2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride method), and blinded histologic analysis (hematoxylin and eosin) were performed on the gastrocnemius and tibialis anterior muscles, as well as indices of antioxidant status. P-188 resulted in significantly less edema (wet weight) and reduced an index of lipid peroxidation compared with Vehicle (p<0.05). Wet:dry weight ratios were less in the P-188 group (indicating less edema). Muscle viability as indicated by 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining or routine histology did not reveal statistically significant differences between groups. P-188 significantly reduced ischemia-reperfusion-related muscle edema and lipid peroxidation but did not impact muscle viability. Excess edema can lead to acute extremity CS, which is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. P-188 may provide a potential adjunctive treatment for the reduction of CS.

  2. 46 CFR 188.10-56 - Pilot boarding equipment and point of access.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 7 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Pilot boarding equipment and point of access. 188.10-56 Section 188.10-56 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH VESSELS GENERAL PROVISIONS Definition of Terms Used in This Subchapter § 188.10-56 Pilot boarding...

  3. 46 CFR 188.10-56 - Pilot boarding equipment and point of access.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 7 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Pilot boarding equipment and point of access. 188.10-56 Section 188.10-56 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH VESSELS GENERAL PROVISIONS Definition of Terms Used in This Subchapter § 188.10-56 Pilot boarding...

  4. 46 CFR 188.15-1 - Conditions under which equivalents may be used.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 7 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Conditions under which equivalents may be used. 188.15-1 Section 188.15-1 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH VESSELS GENERAL PROVISIONS Equivalents § 188.15-1 Conditions under which equivalents may be used. (a...

  5. 46 CFR 188.15-1 - Conditions under which equivalents may be used.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 7 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Conditions under which equivalents may be used. 188.15-1 Section 188.15-1 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH VESSELS GENERAL PROVISIONS Equivalents § 188.15-1 Conditions under which equivalents may be used. (a...

  6. 46 CFR 188.10-56 - Pilot boarding equipment and point of access.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 7 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Pilot boarding equipment and point of access. 188.10-56 Section 188.10-56 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH VESSELS GENERAL PROVISIONS Definition of Terms Used in This Subchapter § 188.10-56 Pilot boarding...

  7. 46 CFR 188.15-1 - Conditions under which equivalents may be used.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 7 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Conditions under which equivalents may be used. 188.15-1 Section 188.15-1 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH VESSELS GENERAL PROVISIONS Equivalents § 188.15-1 Conditions under which equivalents may be used. (a...

  8. 46 CFR 188.10-56 - Pilot boarding equipment and point of access.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 7 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Pilot boarding equipment and point of access. 188.10-56 Section 188.10-56 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH VESSELS GENERAL PROVISIONS Definition of Terms Used in This Subchapter § 188.10-56 Pilot boarding...

  9. 46 CFR 188.15-1 - Conditions under which equivalents may be used.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 7 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Conditions under which equivalents may be used. 188.15-1 Section 188.15-1 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH VESSELS GENERAL PROVISIONS Equivalents § 188.15-1 Conditions under which equivalents may be used. (a...

  10. Multimode resistive switching in nanoscale hafnium oxide stack as studied by atomic force microscopy

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Hou, Y., E-mail: houyi@pku.edu.cn, E-mail: lfliu@pku.edu.cn; IMEC, Kapeldreef 75, B-3001 Heverlee; Department of Physics and Astronomy, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200D, B-3001 Heverlee

    2016-07-11

    The nanoscale resistive switching in hafnium oxide stack is investigated by the conductive atomic force microscopy (C-AFM). The initial oxide stack is insulating and electrical stress from the C-AFM tip induces nanometric conductive filaments. Multimode resistive switching can be observed in consecutive operation cycles at one spot. The different modes are interpreted in the framework of a low defect quantum point contact theory. The model implies that the optimization of the conductive filament active region is crucial for the future application of nanoscale resistive switching devices.

  11. Composition effects on mechanical properties of tungsten-rhenium-hafnium-carbon alloys

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Witzke, W. R.

    1973-01-01

    The mechanical properties of rod and sheet fabricated from arc melted W-4Re-Hf-C alloys containing up to about 0.8 mol percent hafnium carbide (HfC) were evaluated in the as-worked condition. The DBTT's of electropolished bend and tensile specimens were independent of HfC content in this range but dependent on excess Hf or C above that required for stoichiometric HfC. Low temperature ductility was a maximum at Hf contents slightly in excess of stoichiometric. Variations in high temperature strength were also dependent on excess Hf and C. Maximum creep strengthening also occurred at Hf contents in excess of stoichiometric. Analysis of extracted second phase particles indicated that creep strength was reduced by increasing WC content in the HfC particles.

  12. 46 CFR 188.10-55 - Officer in Charge, Marine Inspection.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 7 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Officer in Charge, Marine Inspection. 188.10-55 Section 188.10-55 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH..., Marine Inspection. This term means any person from the civilian or military branch of the Coast Guard...

  13. 46 CFR 188.10-55 - Officer in Charge, Marine Inspection.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 7 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Officer in Charge, Marine Inspection. 188.10-55 Section 188.10-55 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH..., Marine Inspection. This term means any person from the civilian or military branch of the Coast Guard...

  14. 46 CFR 188.10-55 - Officer in Charge, Marine Inspection.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 7 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Officer in Charge, Marine Inspection. 188.10-55 Section 188.10-55 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH..., Marine Inspection. This term means any person from the civilian or military branch of the Coast Guard...

  15. 46 CFR 188.10-55 - Officer in Charge, Marine Inspection.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 7 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Officer in Charge, Marine Inspection. 188.10-55 Section 188.10-55 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH..., Marine Inspection. This term means any person from the civilian or military branch of the Coast Guard...

  16. 46 CFR 188.10-55 - Officer in Charge, Marine Inspection.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 7 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Officer in Charge, Marine Inspection. 188.10-55 Section 188.10-55 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH..., Marine Inspection. This term means any person from the civilian or military branch of the Coast Guard...

  17. MiR-188 Inhibits Glioma Cell Proliferation and Cell Cycle Progression through Targeting ß-catenin.

    PubMed

    Li, Nan; Shi, Hangyu; Zhang, Lu; Li, Xu; Gao, Lu; Zhang, Gang; Shi, Yongqiang; Guo, Shiwen

    2017-12-21

    MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play important roles in several human cancers. Although miR188 has been suggested to function as a tumor repressor in cancers, its precise role in glioma and the molecular mechanism remain unknown. In the present study, we investigated the effect of miR-188 on glioma and explored its relevant mechanisms. We found that the expression of miR-188 is dramatically downregulated in glioma tissues and cell lines. Subsequent investigation revealed that miR-188 expression was inversely correlated with ß-catenin expression in glioma tissue samples. Using a luciferase reporter assay, ß-catenin was determined to be a direct target of miR-188. Overexpression of miR-188 reduced ß-catenin expression at both the mRNA and protein levels, and inhibition of miR-188 increased ß-catenin expression. Moreover, we found that overexpression of miR-188 suppressed glioma cell proliferation and cell cycle G1-S transition, whereas inhibition of miR-188 promoted glioma cell proliferation. Importantly, silencing ß-catenin recapitulated the cellular and molecular effects seen upon miR-188 overexpression, which included inhibiting glioma cell proliferation and G1-S transition. Taken together, our results demonstrated that miR188 inhibits glioma cell proliferation by targeting ß-catenin, representing an effective therapeutic strategy for glioma.

  18. MicroRNA-188 suppresses G1/S transition by targeting multiple cyclin/CDK complexes.

    PubMed

    Wu, Jiangbin; Lv, Qing; He, Jie; Zhang, Haoxiang; Mei, Xueshuang; Cui, Kai; Huang, Nunu; Xie, Weidong; Xu, Naihan; Zhang, Yaou

    2014-10-11

    Accelerated cell cycle progression is the common feature of most cancers. MiRNAs can act as oncogenes or tumor suppressors by directly modulating cell cycle machinery. It has been shown that miR-188 is upregulated in UVB-irradiated mouse skin and human nasopharyngeal carcinoma CNE cells under hypoxic stress. However, little is known about the function of miR-188 in cell proliferation and growth control. Overexpression of miR-188 inhibits cell proliferation, tumor colony formation and G1/S cell cycle transition in human nasopharyngeal carcinoma CNE cells. Using bioinformatics approach, we identify a series of genes regulating G1/S transition as putative miR-188 targets. MiR-188 inhibits both mRNA and protein expression of CCND1, CCND3, CCNE1, CCNA2, CDK4 and CDK2, suppresses Rb phosphorylation and downregulates E2F transcriptional activity. The expression level of miR-188 also inversely correlates with the expression of miR-188 targets in human nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) tissues. Moreover, studies in xenograft mouse model reveal that miR-188 is capable of inhibiting tumor initiation and progression by suppressing target genes expression and Rb phosphorylation. This study demonstrates that miR-188 exerts anticancer effects, via downregulation of multiple G1/S related cyclin/CDKs and Rb/E2F signaling pathway.

  19. Poloxamer 188 protects against ischemia-reperfusion injury in a murine hind-limb model.

    PubMed

    Murphy, Adrian D; McCormack, Michael C; Bichara, David A; Nguyen, John T; Randolph, Mark A; Watkins, Michael T; Lee, Raphael C; Austen, William G

    2010-06-01

    Ischemia-reperfusion injury can activate pathways generating reactive oxygen species, which can injure cells by creating holes in the cell membranes. Copolymer surfactants such as poloxamer 188 are capable of sealing defects in cell membranes. The authors postulated that a single-dose administration of poloxamer 188 would decrease skeletal myocyte injury and mortality following ischemia-reperfusion injury. Mice underwent normothermic hind-limb ischemia for 2 hours. Animals were treated with 150 microl of poloxamer 188 or dextran at three time points: (1) 10 minutes before ischemia; (2) 10 minutes before reperfusion; and (3) 2 or 4 hours after reperfusion. After 24 hours of reperfusion, tissues were analyzed for myocyte injury (histology) and metabolic dysfunction (muscle adenosine 5'-triphosphate). Additional groups of mice were followed for 7 days to assess mortality. When poloxamer 188 treatment was administered 10 minutes before ischemia, injury was reduced by 84 percent, from 50 percent injury in the dextran group to 8 percent injury in the poloxamer 188 group (p < 0.001). When administered 10 minutes before reperfusion, poloxamer 188 animals demonstrated a 60 percent reduction in injury compared with dextran controls (12 percent versus 29 percent). Treatment at 2 hours, but not at 4 hours, postinjury prevented substantial myocyte injury. Preservation of muscle adenosine 5'-triphosphate paralleled the decrease in myocyte injury in poloxamer 188-treated animals. Poloxamer 188 treatment significantly reduced mortality following injury (10 minutes before, 75 percent versus 25 percent survival, p = 0.0077; 2 hours after, 50 percent versus 8 percent survival, p = 0.032). Poloxamer 188 administered to animals decreased myocyte injury, preserved tissue adenosine 5'-triphosphate levels, and improved survival following hind-limb ischemia-reperfusion injury.

  20. Preparation and therapeutic evaluation of (188)Re-thermogelling emulsion in rat model of hepatocellular carcinoma.

    PubMed

    Shih, Ying-Hsia; Lin, Xi-Zhang; Yeh, Chung-Hsin; Peng, Cheng-Liang; Shieh, Ming-Jium; Lin, Wuu-Jyh; Luo, Tsai-Yueh

    2014-01-01

    Radiolabeled Lipiodol(®) (Guerbet, Villepinte, France) is routinely used in hepatoma therapy. The temperature-sensitive hydrogel polyethylene glycol-b-poly-DL-lactic acid-co-glycolic acid-b-polyethylene glycol triblock copolymer is used as an embolic agent and sustained drug release system. This study attempted to combine the polyethylene glycol-b-poly-DL-lactic acid-co-glycolic acid-b-polyethylene glycol hydrogel and radio-labeled Lipiodol to form a new radio-thermogelling emulsion, rhenium-188-N,N'-1,2-ethanediylbis-L-cysteine diethyl-ester dihydrochloride-Lipiodol/hydrogel ((188)Re-ELH). The therapeutic potential of (188)Re-ELH was evaluated in a rodent hepatoma model. Rhenium-188 chelated with N,N'-1,2-ethanediylbis-L-cysteine diethyl-ester dihydrochloride was extracted with Lipiodol to obtain rhenium-188-N,N'-1,2-ethanediylbis-L-cysteine diethyl-ester dihydrochloride-Lipiodol ((188)Re-EL), which was blended with the hydrogel in equal volumes to develop (188)Re-ELH. The (188)Re-ELH phase stability was evaluated at different temperatures. Biodistribution patterns and micro-single-photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography images in Sprague Dawley rats implanted with the rat hepatoma cell line N1-S1 were observed after in situ tumoral injection of ~3.7 MBq (188)Re-ELH. The therapeutic potential of (188)Re-EL (48.58±3.86 MBq/0.1 mL, n=12) was evaluated in a 2-month survival study using the same animal model. The therapeutic effects of (188)Re-ELH (25.52±4.64 MBq/0.1 mL, n=12) were evaluated and compared with those of (188)Re-EL. The responses were assessed by changes in tumor size and survival rates. The (188)Re-ELH emulsion was stable in the gel form at 25°C-35°C for >52 hours. Biodistribution data and micro-single-photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography images of the (188)Re-ELH group indicated that most activity was selectively observed in hepatomas. Long-term (188)Re-ELH studies have demonstrated protracted reductions in tumor

  1. Preparation and therapeutic evaluation of 188Re-thermogelling emulsion in rat model of hepatocellular carcinoma

    PubMed Central

    Shih, Ying-Hsia; Lin, Xi-Zhang; Yeh, Chung-Hsin; Peng, Cheng-Liang; Shieh, Ming-Jium; Lin, Wuu-Jyh; Luo, Tsai-Yueh

    2014-01-01

    Radiolabeled Lipiodol® (Guerbet, Villepinte, France) is routinely used in hepatoma therapy. The temperature-sensitive hydrogel polyethylene glycol-b-poly-DL-lactic acid-co-glycolic acid-b-polyethylene glycol triblock copolymer is used as an embolic agent and sustained drug release system. This study attempted to combine the polyethylene glycol-b-poly-DL-lactic acid-co-glycolic acid-b-polyethylene glycol hydrogel and radio-labeled Lipiodol to form a new radio-thermogelling emulsion, rhenium-188–N,N’-1,2-ethanediylbis-L-cysteine diethyl-ester dihydrochloride–Lipiodol/hydrogel (188Re-ELH). The therapeutic potential of 188Re-ELH was evaluated in a rodent hepatoma model. Rhenium-188 chelated with N,N’-1,2-ethanediylbis-L-cysteine diethyl-ester dihydrochloride was extracted with Lipiodol to obtain rhenium-188–N,N’-1,2-ethanediylbis-L-cysteine diethyl-ester dihydrochloride–Lipiodol (188Re-EL), which was blended with the hydrogel in equal volumes to develop 188Re-ELH. The 188Re-ELH phase stability was evaluated at different temperatures. Biodistribution patterns and micro-single-photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography images in Sprague Dawley rats implanted with the rat hepatoma cell line N1-S1 were observed after in situ tumoral injection of ~3.7 MBq 188Re-ELH. The therapeutic potential of 188Re-EL (48.58±3.86 MBq/0.1 mL, n=12) was evaluated in a 2-month survival study using the same animal model. The therapeutic effects of 188Re-ELH (25.52±4.64 MBq/0.1 mL, n=12) were evaluated and compared with those of 188Re-EL. The responses were assessed by changes in tumor size and survival rates. The 188Re-ELH emulsion was stable in the gel form at 25°C–35°C for >52 hours. Biodistribution data and micro-single-photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography images of the 188Re-ELH group indicated that most activity was selectively observed in hepatomas. Long-term 188Re-ELH studies have demonstrated protracted reductions in tumor volumes

  2. Preparation and evaluation of rhenium-188-pamidronate as a palliative treatment in bone metastasis.

    PubMed

    Erfani, Mostafa; Rahmani, Nasim; Doroudi, Alireza; Shafiei, Mohammad

    2017-06-01

    Rhenium-188-hydroxyethylidene diphosphonate ( 188 Re-HEDP) as a first generation bisphosphonate has been widely used for bone seeking radiopharmaceutical in cases of metastatic bone disease. No study has been yet reported on preparing a complex of 188 Re with pamidronate (3-aminohydroxypropylidene-1,1-bisphosphonic acid) (PMA) as a second generation bisphosphonate. Based on this fact, it was hypothesized that a bone-seeking 188 Re-PMA radiopharmaceutical could be developed as an agent for palliative radiotherapy of bone pain due to skeletal metastases. Pamidronate was labeled with 188 ReO 4 - eluted from the alumina based 188 W/ 188 Re generator. Labeling was optimized, and radiochemical analysis was performed by thin layer chromatography (TLC) and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Biodistribution of this radioconjugate was evaluated and verified further in mice. 188 Re-PMA was prepared successfully in a high labeling yield (˃95%) corresponding to a specific activity of 124MBq/μmol and good in vitro stability, but it is likely to consist of multiple species. In biodistribution studies selective uptake and retention of activity in the skeletal system (0.81±0.25% ID/g and 0.57±0.16 at 4 and 48h in bone post injection respectively) followed by clearance in the soft tissues were observed. These results show that due to its biological capabilities it would be advantageous to use 188 Re-PMA for bone pain palliation therapy. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  3. 16 CFR 18.8 - Deception as to origin or source of industry products.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 16 Commercial Practices 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Deception as to origin or source of industry products. 18.8 Section 18.8 Commercial Practices FEDERAL TRADE COMMISSION GUIDES AND TRADE PRACTICE RULES GUIDES FOR THE NURSERY INDUSTRY § 18.8 Deception as to origin or source of industry products. (a) It is...

  4. Oral bioavailability of ketoprofen in suspension and solution formulations in rats: the influence of poloxamer 188.

    PubMed

    Fischer, Sarah Maud; Parmentier, Johannes; Buckley, Stephen Timothy; Reimold, Isolde; Brandl, Martin; Fricker, Gert

    2012-11-01

    The aim of the current study was to investigate the effect of poloxamer 188 (P-188) on the bioavailability of the BCS class 2 drug ketoprofen in vivo. Aqueous suspension and solution formulations of ketoprofen with and without P-188 were orally administered to fasted male Wistar rats. The intrinsic dissolution rate and solubility of ketoprofen in simulated intestinal fluid, in both the presence and absence of P-188, was measured. The AUC and C(max) were found to be significantly enhanced when ketoprofen was administered as suspension and P-188 was present in the formulation (Susp P-188) as compared to the surfactant-free formulation (∼4-fold higher AUC, 7-fold higher C(max) ). While drug solubility appeared to be almost unaffected by P-188, a significantly faster dissolution was observed. In addition, the influence of P-188 on the drug absorption process was investigated by comparison of solution formulations with and without P-188. The in-vivo performance of these solutions, a pure buffer solution and a P-188-containing buffer solution showed no significant difference, suggesting that the increase in bioavailability for Susp P-188 was primarily a consequence of the dissolution rate-enhancing effect. © 2012 The Authors. JPP © 2012 Royal Pharmaceutical Society.

  5. Pyroelectricity of silicon-doped hafnium oxide thin films

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Jachalke, Sven; Schenk, Tony; Park, Min Hyuk; Schroeder, Uwe; Mikolajick, Thomas; Stöcker, Hartmut; Mehner, Erik; Meyer, Dirk C.

    2018-04-01

    Ferroelectricity in hafnium oxide thin films is known to be induced by various doping elements and in solid-solution with zirconia. While a wealth of studies is focused on their basic ferroelectric properties and memory applications, thorough studies of the related pyroelectric properties and their application potential are only rarely found. This work investigates the impact of Si doping on the phase composition and ferro- as well as pyroelectric properties of thin film capacitors. Dynamic hysteresis measurements and the field-free Sharp-Garn method were used to correlate the reported orthorhombic phase fractions with the remanent polarization and pyroelectric coefficient. Maximum values of 8.21 µC cm-2 and -46.2 µC K-1 m-2 for remanent polarization and pyroelectric coefficient were found for a Si content of 2.0 at%, respectively. Moreover, temperature-dependent measurements reveal nearly constant values for the pyroelectric coefficient and remanent polarization over the temperature range of 0 ° C to 170 ° C , which make the material a promising candidate for IR sensor and energy conversion applications beyond the commonly discussed use in memory applications.

  6. 18 CFR 367.1880 - Account 188, Research, development, or demonstration expenditures.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... 18 Conservation of Power and Water Resources 1 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Account 188, Research, development, or demonstration expenditures. 367.1880 Section 367.1880 Conservation of Power and Water... 188, Research, development, or demonstration expenditures. (a) This account must be charged with the...

  7. 18 CFR 367.1880 - Account 188, Research, development, or demonstration expenditures.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... 18 Conservation of Power and Water Resources 1 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Account 188, Research, development, or demonstration expenditures. 367.1880 Section 367.1880 Conservation of Power and Water... 188, Research, development, or demonstration expenditures. (a) This account must be charged with the...

  8. 18 CFR 367.1880 - Account 188, Research, development, or demonstration expenditures.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... 18 Conservation of Power and Water Resources 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Account 188, Research, development, or demonstration expenditures. 367.1880 Section 367.1880 Conservation of Power and Water... 188, Research, development, or demonstration expenditures. (a) This account must be charged with the...

  9. 18 CFR 367.1880 - Account 188, Research, development, or demonstration expenditures.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... 18 Conservation of Power and Water Resources 1 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Account 188, Research, development, or demonstration expenditures. 367.1880 Section 367.1880 Conservation of Power and Water... 188, Research, development, or demonstration expenditures. (a) This account must be charged with the...

  10. Zirconium and hafnium fractionation in differentiation of alkali carbonatite magmatic systems

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Kogarko, L. N.

    2016-05-01

    Zirconium and hafnium are valuable strategic metals which are in high demand in industry. The Zr and Hf contents are elevated in the final products of magmatic differentiation of alkali carbonatite rocks in the Polar Siberia region (Guli Complex) and Ukraine (Chernigov Massif). Early pyroxene fractionation led to an increase in the Zr/Hf ratio in the evolution of the ultramafic-alkali magmatic system due to a higher distribution coefficient of Hf in pyroxene with respect to Zr. The Rayleigh equation was used to calculate a quantitative model of variation in the Zr/Hf ratio in the development of the Guli magmatic system. Alkali carbonatite rocks originated from rare element-rich mantle reservoirs, in particular, the metasomatized mantle. Carbonated mantle xenoliths are characterized by a high Zr/Hf ratio due to clinopyroxene development during metasomatic replacement of orthopyroxene by carbonate fluid melt.

  11. Experimental and first-principles studies on the elastic properties of α-hafnium metal under pressure

    DOE PAGES

    Qi, Xintong; Wang, Xuebing; Chen, Ting; ...

    2016-03-30

    Compressional and shear wave velocities of the α phase of hafnium have been measured up to 10.4 GPa at room temperature using ultrasonic interferometry in a multi-anvil apparatus. A finite strain equation of state analysis yielded K s0 = 110.4 (5) GPa, G 0 = 54.7(5) GPa,K s0' = 3.7 and G 0' = 0.6 for the elastic bulk and shear moduli and their pressure derivatives at ambient conditions. Complementary to the experimental data, the single crystal elastic constants, elastic anisotropy and the unit cell axial ratio c/a of α-hafnium at high pressures were investigated by Density Functional Theory (DFT)more » based first principles calculations. A c/a value of 1.605 is predicted for α-Hf at 40 GPa, which is in excellent agreement with previous experimental results. The low-pressure derivative of the shear modulus observed in our experimental data up to 10 GPa was found to originate from the elastic constant C44 which exhibits negligible pressure dependence within the current experimental pressure range. At higher pressures (>10 GPa), C 44 was predicted to soften and the shear wave velocity ν S trended to decrease with pressure, which can be interpreted as a precursor to the α-ω transition similar to that observed in other group IV elements (titanium and zirconium). Here, the acoustic velocities, bulk and shear moduli, and the acoustic Debye temperature (θ D = 240.1 K) determined from the current experiments were all compared well with those predicted by our theoretical DFT calculations.« less

  12. MiR-188-5p suppresses gastric cancer cell proliferation and invasion via targeting ZFP91.

    PubMed

    Peng, Yuping; Shen, Xuning; Jiang, Honggang; Chen, Zhiheng; Wu, Jiaming; Zhu, Yi; Zhou, Yuan; Li, Jin

    2018-02-22

    MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been demonstrated to be essential regulators in the development and progression of various cancers. The role of miR-188-5p in gastric cancer has not been determined. In this study, we found that the expression of miR-188-5p was downregulated in gastric cancer (GC) tissues compared with adjacent normal tissues. And lowly expressed miR-188-5p was significantly associated with lymph node metastasis and advanced TNM stage. Moreover, overexpression of miR-188-5p significantly inhibited GC cell proliferation, migration and invasion but promoted cellular apoptosis. In mechanism, we identified transcription factor ZFP91 as a target gene of miR-188-5p in GC. We found that miR-188-5p overexpression significantly inhibited the expression of ZFP91 in GC cell lines. And there was an inversely correlation between the expression of miR-188-5p and ZFP91 in GC tissues. What's more, we found that restoration of ZFP91 in miR-188-5poverexpressed MGC-803 and SGC-7901 cells promoted cell proliferation, migration and invasion. Finally, we also showed that overexpression of miR-188-5p inhibited tumor growth in vivo. Taken together, our findings indicated that miR-188-5p serves as a tumor suppressor in human gastric cancer by targeting ZFP91, suggesting that miR-188-5p might be a promising therapeutic target for GC treatment.

  13. Stress-rupture strength and microstructural stability of tungsten-hafnium-carbon-wire reinforced superalloy composites

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Petrasek, D. W.; Signorelli, R. A.

    1974-01-01

    Tungsten-hafnium-carbon - superalloy composites were found to be potentially useful for turbine blade applications on the basis of stress-rupture strength. The 100- and 1000-hr rupture strengths calculated for 70 vol. % fiber composites based on test data at 1090C (2000F) were 420 and 280 MN/m2 (61,000 and 41,000 psi, respectively). The investigation indicated that, with better quality fibers, composites having 100- and 1000-hr rupture strengths of 570 and 370 MN/m2 (82,000 and 54,000 psi, respectively), may be obtained. Metallographic studies indicated sufficient fiber-matrix compatibility for 1000 hr or more at 1090C (2000F).

  14. 50 CFR 300.188 - Ports of entry.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... International Trade Documentation and Tracking Programs for Highly Migratory Species § 300.188 Ports of entry... United States. If NMFS determines that the diversity of handling practices at certain ports at which fish...

  15. 50 CFR 300.188 - Ports of entry.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... International Trade Documentation and Tracking Programs for Highly Migratory Species § 300.188 Ports of entry... United States. If NMFS determines that the diversity of handling practices at certain ports at which fish...

  16. The effect of poloxamer 188 on nanoparticle morphology, size, cancer cell uptake, and cytotoxicity.

    PubMed

    Yan, Fei; Zhang, Chao; Zheng, Yi; Mei, Lin; Tang, Lina; Song, Cunxian; Sun, Hongfan; Huang, Laiqiang

    2010-02-01

    The aim of this work was to investigate the effect of triblock copolymer poloxamer 188 on nanoparticle morphology, size, cancer cell uptake, and cytotoxicity. Docetaxel-loaded nanoparticles were prepared by oil-in-water emulsion/solvent evaporation technique using biodegradable poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) with or without addition of poloxamer 188, respectively. The resulting nanoparticles were found to be spherical with a rough and porous surface. The nanoparticles had an average size of around 200 nm with a narrow size distribution. The in vitro drug-release profile of both nanoparticle formulations showed a biphasic release pattern. An increased level of uptake of PLGA/poloxamer 188 nanoparticles in the docetaxel-resistant MCF-7 TAX30 human breast cancer cell line could be found in comparison with that of PLGA nanoparticles. In addition, the docetaxel-loaded PLGA/poloxamer 188 nanoparticles achieved a significantly higher level of cytotoxicity than that of docetaxel-loaded PLGA nanoparticles and Taxotere (P < .05). In conclusion, the results showed advantages of docetaxel-loaded PLGA nanoparticles incorporated with poloxamer 188 compared with the nanoparticles without incorporation of poloxamer 188 in terms of sustainable release and efficacy in breast cancer chemotherapy. The effects of poloxamer 188, a triblock copolymer were studied on nanoparticle morphology, size, cancer cell uptake and cytotoxicity. An increased level of uptake of PLGA/poloxamer 188 nanoparticles in resistant human breast cancer cell line was demonstrated, resulting in a significantly higher level of cytotoxicity. Copyright 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  17. EFFICACY of P188 ON LAPINE MENISCUS PRESERVATION FOLLOWING BLUNT TRAUMA

    PubMed Central

    Coatney, Garrett A.; Abraham, Adam C.; Fischenich, Kristine M.; Button, Keith D.; Haut, Roger C.; Haut Donahue, Tammy L.

    2015-01-01

    Traumatic injury to the knee leads to the development of posttraumatic osteoarthritis. The objective of this study was to characterize the effects of a single intra-articular injection of a non-ionic surfactant, Poloxamer 188 (P188), in preservation of meniscal tissue following trauma through maintenance of meniscal glycosaminoglycan (GAG) content and mechanical properties. Flemish Giant rabbits were subjected to a closed knee joint, traumatic compressive impact with the joint constrained to prevent anterior tibial translation. The contralateral limb served as an un-impacted control. Six animals (treated) received an injection of P188 in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) post trauma, and another six animals (sham) received a single injection of PBS to the impacted limb. Histological analyses for GAG was determined 6 weeks post trauma, and functional outcomes were assessed using stress relaxation micro-indentation. The impacted limbs of the sham group demonstrated a significant decrease in meniscal GAG coverage compared to non-impacted limbs (p < 0.05). GAG coverage of the impacted P188 treated limbs was not significantly different than contralateral non-impacted limbs in all regions except the medial anterior (p < 0.05). No significant changes were documented in mechanics for either the sham or treated groups compared to their respective control limbs. This suggests that a single intra-articular injection of P188 shows promise in prevention of trauma induced GAG loss. PMID:25846264

  18. 40 CFR 96.188 - CAIR NOX allowance allocations to CAIR NOX opt-in units.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 21 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false CAIR NOX allowance allocations to CAIR NOX opt-in units. 96.188 Section 96.188 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY... STATE IMPLEMENTATION PLANS CAIR NOX Opt-in Units § 96.188 CAIR NOX allowance allocations to CAIR NOX opt...

  19. 40 CFR 97.188 - CAIR NOX allowance allocations to CAIR NOX opt-in units.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 22 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false CAIR NOX allowance allocations to CAIR NOX opt-in units. 97.188 Section 97.188 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY... CAIR NOX Opt-In Units § 97.188 CAIR NOX allowance allocations to CAIR NOX opt-in units. (a) Timing...

  20. 40 CFR 96.188 - CAIR NOX allowance allocations to CAIR NOX opt-in units.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 22 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false CAIR NOX allowance allocations to CAIR NOX opt-in units. 96.188 Section 96.188 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY... STATE IMPLEMENTATION PLANS CAIR NOX Opt-in Units § 96.188 CAIR NOX allowance allocations to CAIR NOX opt...

  1. 40 CFR 96.188 - CAIR NOX allowance allocations to CAIR NOX opt-in units.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 20 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false CAIR NOX allowance allocations to CAIR NOX opt-in units. 96.188 Section 96.188 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY... STATE IMPLEMENTATION PLANS CAIR NOX Opt-in Units § 96.188 CAIR NOX allowance allocations to CAIR NOX opt...

  2. 40 CFR 97.188 - CAIR NOX allowance allocations to CAIR NOX opt-in units.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 20 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false CAIR NOX allowance allocations to CAIR NOX opt-in units. 97.188 Section 97.188 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY... CAIR NOX Opt-In Units § 97.188 CAIR NOX allowance allocations to CAIR NOX opt-in units. (a) Timing...

  3. 40 CFR 97.188 - CAIR NOX allowance allocations to CAIR NOX opt-in units.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 21 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false CAIR NOX allowance allocations to CAIR NOX opt-in units. 97.188 Section 97.188 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY... CAIR NOX Opt-In Units § 97.188 CAIR NOX allowance allocations to CAIR NOX opt-in units. (a) Timing...

  4. 40 CFR 97.188 - CAIR NOX allowance allocations to CAIR NOX opt-in units.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 22 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false CAIR NOX allowance allocations to CAIR NOX opt-in units. 97.188 Section 97.188 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY... CAIR NOX Opt-In Units § 97.188 CAIR NOX allowance allocations to CAIR NOX opt-in units. (a) Timing...

  5. 40 CFR 96.188 - CAIR NOX allowance allocations to CAIR NOX opt-in units.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 22 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false CAIR NOX allowance allocations to CAIR NOX opt-in units. 96.188 Section 96.188 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY... STATE IMPLEMENTATION PLANS CAIR NOX Opt-in Units § 96.188 CAIR NOX allowance allocations to CAIR NOX opt...

  6. 40 CFR 96.188 - CAIR NOX allowance allocations to CAIR NOX opt-in units.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 21 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false CAIR NOX allowance allocations to CAIR NOX opt-in units. 96.188 Section 96.188 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY... STATE IMPLEMENTATION PLANS CAIR NOX Opt-in Units § 96.188 CAIR NOX allowance allocations to CAIR NOX opt...

  7. 40 CFR 97.188 - CAIR NOX allowance allocations to CAIR NOX opt-in units.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 21 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false CAIR NOX allowance allocations to CAIR NOX opt-in units. 97.188 Section 97.188 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY... CAIR NOX Opt-In Units § 97.188 CAIR NOX allowance allocations to CAIR NOX opt-in units. (a) Timing...

  8. 46 CFR 188.10-23 - Corrosive liquids.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... PROVISIONS Definition of Terms Used in This Subchapter § 188.10-23 Corrosive liquids. (a) This term includes... with organic matter or with certain chemicals. (b) A corrosive substance may be: (1) Solid, such as...

  9. 46 CFR 188.10-21 - Compressed gas.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... PROVISIONS Definition of Terms Used in This Subchapter § 188.10-21 Compressed gas. This term includes any... by the Reid method covered by the American Society for Testing Materials Method of Test for Vapor...

  10. A novel positive allosteric modulator of the GABAA receptor: the action of (+)-ROD188

    PubMed Central

    Thomet, Urs; Baur, Roland; Razet, Rodolphe; Dodd, Robert H; Furtmüller, Roman; Sieghart, Werner; Sigel, Erwin

    2000-01-01

    (+)-ROD188 was synthesized in the search for novel ligands of the GABA binding site. It shares some structural similarity with bicuculline. (+)-ROD188 failed to displace [3H]-muscimol in binding studies and failed to induce channel opening in recombinant rat α1β2γ2 GABAA receptors functionally expressed in Xenopus oocytes. (+)-ROD188 allosterically stimulated GABA induced currents. Displacement of [3H]-Ro15-1788 indicated a low affinity action at the benzodiazepine binding site. In functional studies, stimulation by (+)-ROD188 was little sensitive to the presence of 1 μM of the benzodiazepine antagonist Ro 15-1788, and (+)-ROD188 also stimulated currents mediated by α1β2, indicating a major mechanism of action different from that of benzodiazepines. Allosteric stimulation by (+)-ROD188 was similar in α1β2N265S as in unmutated α1β2, while that by loreclezole was strongly reduced. (+)-ROD188 also strongly stimulated currents elicited by either pentobarbital or 5α-pregnan-3α-ol-20-one (3α-OH-DHP), in line with a mode of action different from that of barbiturates or neurosteroids as channel agonists. Stimulation by (+)-ROD188 was largest in α6β2γ2 (α6β2γ2>>α1β2γ2=α5β2γ2>α2β2γ2= α3β2γ2), indicating a unique subunit isoform specificity. Miniature inhibitory postsynaptic currents (mIPSC) in cultures of rat hippocampal neurons, caused by spontaneous release of GABA showed a prolonged decay time in the presence of 30 μM (+)-ROD188, indicating an enhanced synaptic inhibitory transmission. PMID:11030736

  11. Silicon doped hafnium oxide (HSO) and hafnium zirconium oxide (HZO) based FeFET: A material relation to device physics

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Ali, T.; Polakowski, P.; Riedel, S.; Büttner, T.; Kämpfe, T.; Rudolph, M.; Pätzold, B.; Seidel, K.; Löhr, D.; Hoffmann, R.; Czernohorsky, M.; Kühnel, K.; Thrun, X.; Hanisch, N.; Steinke, P.; Calvo, J.; Müller, J.

    2018-05-01

    The recent discovery of ferroelectricity in thin film HfO2 materials renewed the interest in ferroelectric FET (FeFET) as an emerging nonvolatile memory providing a potential high speed and low power Flash alternative. Here, we report more insight into FeFET performance by integrating two types of ferroelectric (FE) materials and varying their properties. By varying the material type [HfO2 (HSO) versus hafnium zirconium oxide (HZO)], optimum content (Si doping/mixture ratio), and film thickness, a material relation to FeFET device physics is concluded. As for the material type, an improved FeFET performance is observed for HZO integration with memory window (MW) comparable to theoretical values. For different Si contents, the HSO based FeFET exhibited a MW trend with different stabilized phases. Similarly, the HZO FeFET shows MW dependence on the Hf:Zr mixture ratio. A maximized MW is obtained with cycle ratios of 16:1 (HfO2:Si) and 1:1 (Hf:Zr) as measured on HSO and HZO based FeFETs, respectively. The thickness variation shows a trend of increasing MW with the increased FE layer thickness confirming early theoretical predictions. The FeFET material aspects and stack physics are discussed with insight into the interplay factors, while optimum FE material parameters are outlined in relation to performance.

  12. Atomic layer deposition of hafnium oxide: A detailed reaction mechanism from first principles

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Widjaja, Yuniarto; Musgrave, Charles B.

    2002-08-01

    Atomic layer deposition (ALD) of hafnium oxide (HfO2) using HfCl4 and H2O as precursors is studied using density functional theory. The mechanism consists of two deposition half-reactions: (1) HfCl4 with Hf-OH sites, and (2) H2O with Hf-Cl sites. Both half-reactions exhibit stable intermediates with energies lower than those of the final products. We show that increasing the temperature reduces the stability of the complex. However, increasing temperature also increases the dissociation free-energy barrier, which in turn results in increased desorption of adsorbed precursors. Both half-reactions are qualitatively similar to the corresponding reactions of ZrO2 ALD using ZrCl4 and H2O.

  13. Dosimetric evaluation of nanotargeted (188)Re-liposome with the MIRDOSE3 and OLINDA/EXM programs.

    PubMed

    Chang, Chih-Hsien; Chang, Ya-Jen; Lee, Te-Wei; Ting, Gann; Chang, Kwo-Ping

    2012-06-01

    The OLINDA/EXM computer code was created as a replacement for the widely used MIRDOSE3 code for radiation dosimetry in nuclear medicine. A dosimetric analysis with these codes was performed to evaluate nanoliposomes as carriers of radionuclides ((188)Re-liposomes) in colon carcinoma-bearing mice. Pharmacokinetic data for (188)Re-N, N-bis (2-mercaptoethyl)-N',N'-diethylethylenediamine ((188)Re-BMEDA) and (188)Re-liposome were obtained for estimation of absorbed doses in normal organs. Radiation dose estimates for normal tissues were calculated using the MIRDOSE3 and OLINDA/EXM programs for a colon carcinoma solid tumor mouse model. Mean absorbed doses derived from(188)Re-BMEDA and (188)Re-liposome in normal tissues were generally similar as calculated by MIRDOSE3 and OLINDA/EXM programs. One notable exception to this was red marrow, wherein MIRDOSE3 resulted in higher absorbed doses than OLINDA/EXM (1.53- and 1.60-fold for (188)Re-BMEDA and (188)Re-liposome, respectively). MIRDOSE3 and OLINDA have very similar residence times and organ doses. Bone marrow doses were estimated by designating cortical bone rather than bone marrow as a source organ. The bone marrow doses calculated by MIRDOSE3 are higher than those by OLINDA. If the bone marrow is designated as a source organ, the doses estimated by MIRDOSE3 and OLINDA programs will be very similar.

  14. Lipid nanocapsules loaded with rhenium-188 reduce tumor progression in a rat hepatocellular carcinoma model.

    PubMed

    Vanpouille-Box, Claire; Lacoeuille, Franck; Roux, Jérôme; Aubé, Christophe; Garcion, Emmanuel; Lepareur, Nicolas; Oberti, Frédéric; Bouchet, Francis; Noiret, Nicolas; Garin, Etienne; Benoît, Jean-Pierre; Couturier, Olivier; Hindré, François

    2011-03-07

    Due to their nanometric scale (50 nm) along with their biomimetic properties, lipid nanocapsules loaded with Rhenium-188 (LNC(188)Re-SSS) constitute a promising radiopharmaceutical carrier for hepatocellular carcinoma treatment as its size may improve tumor penetration in comparison with microspheres devices. This study was conducted to confirm the feasibility and to assess the efficacy of internal radiation with LNC(188)Re-SSS in a chemically induced hepatocellular carcinoma rat model. Animals were treated with an injection of LNC(188)Re-SSS (80 MBq or 120 MBq). The treated animals (80 MBq, n = 12; 120 MBq, n = 11) were compared with sham (n = 12), blank LNC (n = 7) and (188)Re-perrhenate (n = 4) animals. The evaluation criteria included rat survival, tumor volume assessment, and vascular endothelial growth factor quantification. Following treatment with LNC(188)Re-SSS (80 MBq) therapeutic efficiency was demonstrated by an increase in the median survival from 54 to 107% compared with control groups with up to 7 long-term survivors in the LNC(188)Re-SSS group. Decreased vascular endothelial growth factor expression in the treated rats could indicate alterations in the angiogenesis process. Overall, these results demonstrate that internal radiation with LNC(188)Re-SSS is a promising new strategy for hepatocellular carcinoma treatment.

  15. Lipid Nanocapsules Loaded with Rhenium-188 Reduce Tumor Progression in a Rat Hepatocellular Carcinoma Model

    PubMed Central

    Vanpouille-Box, Claire; Lacoeuille, Franck; Roux, Jérôme; Aubé, Christophe; Garcion, Emmanuel; Lepareur, Nicolas; Oberti, Frédéric; Bouchet, Francis; Noiret, Nicolas; Garin, Etienne; Benoît, Jean-Pierre; Couturier, Olivier; Hindré, François

    2011-01-01

    Background Due to their nanometric scale (50 nm) along with their biomimetic properties, lipid nanocapsules loaded with Rhenium-188 (LNC188Re-SSS) constitute a promising radiopharmaceutical carrier for hepatocellular carcinoma treatment as its size may improve tumor penetration in comparison with microspheres devices. This study was conducted to confirm the feasibility and to assess the efficacy of internal radiation with LNC188Re-SSS in a chemically induced hepatocellular carcinoma rat model. Methodology/Principal Findings Animals were treated with an injection of LNC188Re-SSS (80 MBq or 120 MBq). The treated animals (80 MBq, n = 12; 120 MBq, n = 11) were compared with sham (n = 12), blank LNC (n = 7) and 188Re-perrhenate (n = 4) animals. The evaluation criteria included rat survival, tumor volume assessment, and vascular endothelial growth factor quantification. Following treatment with LNC188Re-SSS (80 MBq) therapeutic efficiency was demonstrated by an increase in the median survival from 54 to 107% compared with control groups with up to 7 long-term survivors in the LNC188Re-SSS group. Decreased vascular endothelial growth factor expression in the treated rats could indicate alterations in the angiogenesis process. Conclusions/Significance Overall, these results demonstrate that internal radiation with LNC188Re-SSS is a promising new strategy for hepatocellular carcinoma treatment. PMID:21408224

  16. Intrinsic Defect Ferromagnetism: The case of Hafnium Oxide

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Das Pemmaraju, Chaitanya

    2005-03-01

    In view of the recent experimental reports of intrinsic ferromagnetism in Hafnium Oxide (HfO2) thin film systems ootnotetextM. Venkatesan, C. B. Fitzgerald, J. M. D. Coey Nature 430, 630 (2004) Brief Communications, we carried out first principles investigations to look for magnetic structure in HfO2 possibly brought about by the presence of small concentrations of intrinsic point defects. Ab initio electronic structure calculations using Density Functional Theory (DFT) show that isolated cation vacancy sites in HfO2 lead to the formation of high spin defect states which couple ferromagnetically to each other. Interestingly, these high spin states are observed in the low symmetry monoclinic and tetragonal phases while the highly symmetric cubic flourite phase exhibits a non-magnetic ground state. Detailed studies of the electronic structure of cation vacancies in the three crystalline phases of Hafnia show that symmetry leading to orbitally degenerate defect levels is not a pre-requsite for ferromagnetism and that the interplay between Kinetic, Coulomb and Exchange energy together with favourable coupling to the Crystalline environment can lead to high spin ferromagnetic ground states even in extreme low symmetry systems like monoclinic HfO2. These findings open up a much wider class of systems to the possibility of intrinsic defect ferromagnetism.

  17. Work functions of hafnium nitride thin films as emitter material for field emitter arrays

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Gotoh, Yasuhito, E-mail: gotoh.yasuhito.5w@kyoto-u.ac.jp; Fujiwara, Sho; Tsuji, Hiroshi

    The work functions of hafnium nitride thin films prepared by radio-frequency magnetron sputtering were investigated in vacuum, before and after surface cleaning processes, with a view of improving the properties of as-fabricated field emitter arrays comprising hafnium nitride emitters. The measurement of the work function was first performed for the as-deposited films and then for films subjected to surface cleaning process, either thermal treatment or ion bombardment. Thermal treatment at a maximum temperature of 300 °C reduced the work function by 0.7 eV. Once the film was heated, the work function maintained the reduced value, even after cooling to room temperature. Amore » little change in the work function was observed for the second and third thermal treatments. The ion bombardment was conducted by exposing the sample to a thin plasma for different sample bias conditions and processing times. When the sample was biased at −10 V, the work function decreased by 0.6 eV. The work function reduction became saturated in the early stage of the ion bombardment. When the sample was biased at −50 V, the work function exhibited different behaviors, that is, first it decreased rapidly and then increased in response to the increase in processing time. The lowest attainable work function was found to be 4.00 eV. It should be noted that none of the work function values reported in this paper were obtained using surfaces that were demonstrated to be free from oxygen contamination. The present results suggest that the current–voltage characteristics of a field emitter array can be improved by a factor of 25–50 by the examined postprocesses.« less

  18. In vivo examination of (188)Re(I)-tricarbonyl-labeled trastuzumab to target HER2-overexpressing breast cancer.

    PubMed

    Chen, Kuo-Ting; Lee, Te-Wei; Lo, Jem-Mau

    2009-05-01

    Trastuzumab (Herceptin), a humanized IgG1 monoclonal antibody directed against the extracellular domain of the HER2 protein, acts as an immunotherapeutic agent for HER2-overexpressing human breast cancers. Radiolabeled trastuzumab with beta- or alpha emitters can be used as radioimmunotherapeutic agent for the similar purpose but with additional radiation effect. In this study, trastuzumab was labeled with (188)Re for radioimmunotherapy of HER2/neu-positive breast cancer. (188)Re(I)-tricarbonyl ion, [(188)Re(OH(2))(3)(CO)(3)](+), was employed as a precursor for directly labeling the monoclonal antibody with (188)Re. The immunoreactivity of (188)Re(I)-trastuzumab was estimated by competition receptor-binding assay using HER2/neu-overexpressive BT-474 human breast cancer cells. The localization properties of (188)Re(I)-trastuzumab within both tumor and normal tissues of athymic mice bearing BT-474 human breast cancer xenografts (HER2/neu-overexpressive) and similar mice bearing MCF-7 human breast cancer xenografts (HER2/neu-low expressive) were investigated. When incubated with human serum albumin and histidine at 25 degrees C, (188)Re(I)-trastuzumab was found to be stable within 24 h. The IC(50) of (188)Re(I)-trastuzumab was found to be 22.63+/-4.57 nM. (188)Re(I)-trastuzumab was shown to accumulate specifically in BT-474 tumor tissue in in vivo biodistribution studies. By microSPECT/CT, the image of (188)Re localized BT-474 tumor was clearly visualized within 24 h. In contrast, (188)Re(I)-trastuzumab uptake in HER2-low-expressing MCF-7 tumor was minimal, and the (188)Re image at the localization of the tumor was dim. These results reveal that (188)Re(I)-trastuzumab could be an appropriate radioimmunotherapeutic agent for the treatment of HER2/neu-overexpressing cancers.

  19. Poloxamer 188 decreases susceptibility of artificial lipid membranes to electroporation.

    PubMed Central

    Sharma, V; Stebe, K; Murphy, J C; Tung, L

    1996-01-01

    The effect of a nontoxic, nonionic block co-polymeric surface active agent, poloxamer 188, on electroporation of artificial lipid membranes made of azolectin, was investigated. Two different experimental protocols were used in our study: charge pulse and voltage clamp. For the charge pulse protocol, membranes were pulsed with a 10-micronsecond rectangular voltage waveform, after which membrane voltage decay was observed through an external 1-M omega resistance. For the voltage clamp protocol the membranes were pulsed with a waveform that consisted of an initial 10-microsecond rectangular phase, followed by a negative sloped ramp that decayed to zero in the subsequent 500 microseconds. Several parameters characterizing the electroporation process were measured and compared for the control membranes and membranes treated with 1.0 mM poloxamer 188. For both the charge pulse and voltage clamp experiments, the threshold voltage (amplitude of initial rectangular phase) and latency time (time elapsed between the end of rectangular phase and the onset of membrane electroporation) were measured. Membrane conductance (measured 200 microseconds after the initial rectangular phase) and rise time (tr; the time required for the porated membrane to reach a certain conductance value) were also determined for the voltage clamp experiments, and postelectroporation time constant (PE tau; the time constant for transmembrane voltage decay after onset of electroporation) for the charge pulse experiments. The charge pulse experiments were performed on 23 membranes with 10 control and 13 poloxamer-treated membranes, and voltage pulse experiments on 49 membranes with 26 control and 23 poloxamer-treated membranes. For both charge pulse and voltage clamp experiments, poloxamer 188-treated membranes exhibited a statistically higher threshold voltage (p = 0.1 and p = 0.06, respectively), and longer latency time (p = 0.04 and p = 0.05, respectively). Also, poloxamer 188-treated membranes were

  20. Re-188 Enhances the Inhibitory Effect of Bevacizumab in Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer.

    PubMed

    Xiao, Jie; Xu, Xiaobo; Li, Xiao; Li, Yanli; Liu, Guobing; Tan, Hui; Shen, Hua; Shi, Hongcheng; Cheng, Dengfeng

    2016-09-30

    The malignant behaviors of solid tumors such as growth, infiltration and metastasis are mainly nourished by tumor neovascularization. Thus, anti-angiogenic therapy is key to controlling tumor progression. Bevacizumab, a humanized anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) antibody, plus chemotherapy or biological therapy can prolong survival for cancer patients, but treatment-related mortality is a concern. To improve inhibitory effect and decrease side-effects on non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), we used Re-188, which is a β emitting radionuclide, directly labeled with bevacizumab for radioimmunotherapy in a human A549 tumor model. Cytotoxic assay data showed that, after 188 ReO₄ - or 188 Re-bevacizumab at different concentration for 4 and 24 h, a time- and radioactivity does-dependent reduction in cell viability occurred. Also, an apoptosis assay conformed great apoptosis in the 188 Re-bevacizumab group compared with controls and other treatment groups. In vivo, tumor volumes in the 188 Re-bevacizumab (11.1 MBq/mice) group were not reduced but growth was delayed compared with other groups. Thus, 188 Re-bevacizumab enhanced the therapeutic effect of bevacizumab, suggesting a potential therapeutic strategy for NSCLC treatment.

  1. 188Re-loaded lipid nanocapsules as a promising radiopharmaceutical carrier for internal radiotherapy of malignant gliomas

    PubMed Central

    Allard, Emilie; Hindré, François; Passirani, Catherine; Lemaire, Laurent; Lepareur, Nicolas; Noiret, Nicolas; Menei, Philippe; Benoit, Jean-Pierre

    2008-01-01

    Purpose Lipid nanocapsules (LNC) entrapping lipophilic complexes of 188Re (188Re(S3CPh)2(S2CPh) [188Re-SSS]) were investigated as a novel radiopharmaceutical carrier for internal radiation therapy of malignant gliomas. The present study was designed to evaluate the efficacy of intracerebral administration of 188Re-SSS LNC by means of convection-enhanced delivery (CED) on a 9L rat brain tumour model. Methods Female Fischer rats with 9L glioma were treated with a single injection of 188Re-SSS LNC by CED 6 days after cell implantation. Rats were put into random groups according to the dose infused: 12, 10, 8, and 3 Gy in comparison with blank LNC, perrhenate solution (4Gy) and non-treated animals. The radionuclide brain retention level was evaluated by measuring 188Re elimination in faeces and urine over 72h after the CED injection. The therapeutic effect of 188Re-SSS LNC was assessed based on animal survival. Results CED of 188Re perrhenate solution resulted in rapid drug clearance with a brain T1/2 of 7h. In contrast, when administered in LNC, 188Re tissue retention was greatly prolonged, with only 10% of the injected dose being eliminated at 72h. Rat median survival was significantly improved for the group treated with 8Gy 188Re-SSS LNC compared to the control group and blank-LNC treated animals. The increase in the median survival time (ISTmedian) was about 80% compared to the control group; 33% of the animals were long-term survivors. The dose of 8Gy proved to be a very effective dose, between toxic (10–12Gy) and ineffective (3–4Gy) doses. Conclusions These findings show that CED of Rhenium-188-loaded lipid nanocapsules is a safe and potent antitumour system for treating malignant gliomas. Our data are the first to show the in vivo efficacy of Rhenium-188 internal radiotherapy for the treatment of brain malignancy. PMID:18465130

  2. The interfacial orientation relationship of oxide nanoparticles in a hafnium-containing oxide dispersion-strengthened austenitic stainless steel

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Miao, Yinbin, E-mail: miao2@illinois.edu; Mo, Kun; Cui, Bai

    2015-03-15

    This work reports comprehensive investigations on the orientation relationship of the oxide nanoparticles in a hafnium-containing austenitic oxide dispersion-strengthened 316 stainless steel. The phases of the oxide nanoparticles were determined by a combination of scanning transmission electron microscopy–electron dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, atom probe tomography and synchrotron X-ray diffraction to be complex Y–Ti–Hf–O compounds with similar crystal structures, including bixbyite Y{sub 2}O{sub 3}, fluorite Y{sub 2}O{sub 3}–HfO{sub 2} solid solution and pyrochlore (or fluorite) Y{sub 2}(Ti,Hf){sub 2−x}O{sub 7−x}. High resolution transmission electron microscopy was used to characterize the particle–matrix interfaces. Two different coherency relationships along with one axis-parallel relation between themore » oxide nanoparticles and the steel matrix were found. The size of the nanoparticles significantly influences the orientation relationship. The results provide insight into the relationship of these nanoparticles with the matrix, which has implications for interpreting material properties as well as responses to radiation. - Highlights: • The oxide nanoparticles in a hafnium-containing austenitic ODS were characterized. • The nanoparticles are Y–Hf–Ti–O enriched phases according to APT and STEM–EDS. • Two coherency and an axis-parallel orientation relationships were found by HR-TEM. • Particle size has a prominent effect on the orientation relationship (OR). • Formation mechanism of the oxide nanoparticles was discussed based on the ORs.« less

  3. 46 CFR 188.01-15 - OMB control numbers assigned pursuant to the Paperwork Reduction Act.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 7 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false OMB control numbers assigned pursuant to the Paperwork Reduction Act. 188.01-15 Section 188.01-15 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH VESSELS GENERAL PROVISIONS Authority and Purpose § 188.01-15 OMB control numbers assigned...

  4. 46 CFR 188.01-15 - OMB control numbers assigned pursuant to the Paperwork Reduction Act.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 7 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false OMB control numbers assigned pursuant to the Paperwork Reduction Act. 188.01-15 Section 188.01-15 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH VESSELS GENERAL PROVISIONS Authority and Purpose § 188.01-15 OMB control numbers assigned...

  5. 46 CFR 188.01-15 - OMB control numbers assigned pursuant to the Paperwork Reduction Act.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 7 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false OMB control numbers assigned pursuant to the Paperwork Reduction Act. 188.01-15 Section 188.01-15 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH VESSELS GENERAL PROVISIONS Authority and Purpose § 188.01-15 OMB control numbers assigned...

  6. 46 CFR 188.01-15 - OMB control numbers assigned pursuant to the Paperwork Reduction Act.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 7 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false OMB control numbers assigned pursuant to the Paperwork Reduction Act. 188.01-15 Section 188.01-15 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH VESSELS GENERAL PROVISIONS Authority and Purpose § 188.01-15 OMB control numbers assigned...

  7. 46 CFR 188.01-15 - OMB control numbers assigned pursuant to the Paperwork Reduction Act.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 7 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false OMB control numbers assigned pursuant to the Paperwork Reduction Act. 188.01-15 Section 188.01-15 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH VESSELS GENERAL PROVISIONS Authority and Purpose § 188.01-15 OMB control numbers assigned...

  8. Expression and function of microRNA-188-5p in activated rheumatoid arthritis synovial fibroblasts.

    PubMed

    Ruedel, Anke; Dietrich, Peter; Schubert, Thomas; Hofmeister, Simone; Hellerbrand, Claus; Bosserhoff, Anja Katrin

    2015-01-01

    Activated synovial fibroblasts in rheumatoid arthritis (RASF) play a critical role in the pathology of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Recent studies suggested that deregulation of microRNAs (miRs) affects the development and progression of RA. Therefore, we aimed to identify de-regulated miRs in RASF and to identify target genes that may contribute to the aggressive phenotype of RASF. Quantitative real-time PCR revealed a marked downregulation of miR-188-5p in synovial tissue samples of RA patients as well as in RASF. Exposure to the cytokine interleukine-1β lead to a further downregulation of miR-188-5p expression levels compared to control cells. Re-expression of miR-188-5p in RASF by transient transfection significantly inhibited cell migration. However, miR-188-5p re-expression had no effects on glycosaminoglycan degradation or expression of repellent factors, which have been previously shown to affect the invasive behavior of RASF. In search for target genes of miR-188-5p in RASF we performed gene expression profiling in RASF and found a strong regulatory effect of miR-188-5p on the hyaluronan binding protein KIAA1199 as well as collagens COL1A1 and COL12A1, which was confirmed by qRT-PCR. In silico analysis revealed that KIAA1199 carries a 3'UTR binding site for miR-188-5p. COL1A1 and COL12A1 showed no binding site in the mRNA region, suggesting an indirect regulation of these two genes by miR-188-5p. In summary, our study showed that miR-188-5p is down-regulated in RA in vitro and in vivo, most likely triggered by an inflammatory environment. MiR-188-5p expression is correlated to the activation state of RASF and inhibits migration of these cells. Furthermore, miR-188-5p is directly and indirectly regulating the expression of genes, which may play a role in extracellular matrix formation and destruction in RA. Herewith, this study identified potential novel therapeutic targets to inhibit the development and progression of RA.

  9. Expression and function of microRNA-188-5p in activated rheumatoid arthritis synovial fibroblasts

    PubMed Central

    Ruedel, Anke; Dietrich, Peter; Schubert, Thomas; Hofmeister, Simone; Hellerbrand, Claus; Bosserhoff, Anja-Katrin

    2015-01-01

    Activated synovial fibroblasts in rheumatoid arthritis (RASF) play a critical role in the pathology of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Recent studies suggested that deregulation of microRNAs (miRs) affects the development and progression of RA. Therefore, we aimed to identify de-regulated miRs in RASF and to identify target genes that may contribute to the aggressive phenotype of RASF. Quantitative real-time PCR revealed a marked downregulation of miR-188-5p in synovial tissue samples of RA patients as well as in RASF. Exposure to the cytokine interleukine-1β lead to a further downregulation of miR-188-5p expression levels compared to control cells. Re-expression of miR-188-5p in RASF by transient transfection significantly inhibited cell migration. However, miR-188-5p re-expression had no effects on glycosaminoglycan degradation or expression of repellent factors, which have been previously shown to affect the invasive behavior of RASF. In search for target genes of miR-188-5p in RASF we performed gene expression profiling in RASF and found a strong regulatory effect of miR-188-5p on the hyaluronan binding protein KIAA1199 as well as collagens COL1A1 and COL12A1, which was confirmed by qRT-PCR. In silico analysis revealed that KIAA1199 carries a 3’UTR binding site for miR-188-5p. COL1A1and COL12A1 showed no binding site in the mRNA region, suggesting an indirect regulation of these two genes by miR-188-5p. In summary, our study showed that miR-188-5p is down-regulated in RA in vitro and in vivo, most likely triggered by an inflammatory environment. MiR-188-5p expression is correlated to the activation state of RASF and inhibits migration of these cells. Furthermore, miR-188-5p is directly and indirectly regulating the expression of genes, which may play a role in extracellular matrix formation and destruction in RA. Herewith, this study identified potential novel therapeutic targets to inhibit the development and progression of RA. PMID:26191188

  10. Expression and function of microRNA-188-5p in activated rheumatoid arthritis synovial fibroblasts

    PubMed Central

    Ruedel, Anke; Dietrich, Peter; Schubert, Thomas; Hofmeister, Simone; Hellerbrand, Claus; Bosserhoff, Anja Katrin

    2015-01-01

    Activated synovial fibroblasts in rheumatoid arthritis (RASF) play a critical role in the pathology of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Recent studies suggested that deregulation of microRNAs (miRs) affects the development and progression of RA. Therefore, we aimed to identify de-regulated miRs in RASF and to identify target genes that may contribute to the aggressive phenotype of RASF. Quantitative real-time PCR revealed a marked downregulation of miR-188-5p in synovial tissue samples of RA patients as well as in RASF. Exposure to the cytokine interleukine-1β lead to a further downregulation of miR-188-5p expression levels compared to control cells. Re-expression of miR-188-5p in RASF by transient transfection significantly inhibited cell migration. However, miR-188-5p re-expression had no effects on glycosaminoglycan degradation or expression of repellent factors, which have been previously shown to affect the invasive behavior of RASF. In search for target genes of miR-188-5p in RASF we performed gene expression profiling in RASF and found a strong regulatory effect of miR-188-5p on the hyaluronan binding protein KIAA1199 as well as collagens COL1A1 and COL12A1, which was confirmed by qRT-PCR. In silico analysis revealed that KIAA1199 carries a 3’UTR binding site for miR-188-5p. COL1A1 and COL12A1 showed no binding site in the mRNA region, suggesting an indirect regulation of these two genes by miR-188-5p. In summary, our study showed that miR-188-5p is down-regulated in RA in vitro and in vivo, most likely triggered by an inflammatory environment. MiR-188-5p expression is correlated to the activation state of RASF and inhibits migration of these cells. Furthermore, miR-188-5p is directly and indirectly regulating the expression of genes, which may play a role in extracellular matrix formation and destruction in RA. Herewith, this study identified potential novel therapeutic targets to inhibit the development and progression of RA. PMID:26261542

  11. Expression and function of microRNA-188-5p in activated rheumatoid arthritis synovial fibroblasts.

    PubMed

    Ruedel, Anke; Dietrich, Peter; Schubert, Thomas; Hofmeister, Simone; Hellerbrand, Claus; Bosserhoff, Anja-Katrin

    2015-01-01

    Activated synovial fibroblasts in rheumatoid arthritis (RASF) play a critical role in the pathology of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Recent studies suggested that deregulation of microRNAs (miRs) affects the development and progression of RA. Therefore, we aimed to identify de-regulated miRs in RASF and to identify target genes that may contribute to the aggressive phenotype of RASF. Quantitative real-time PCR revealed a marked downregulation of miR-188-5p in synovial tissue samples of RA patients as well as in RASF. Exposure to the cytokine interleukine-1β lead to a further downregulation of miR-188-5p expression levels compared to control cells. Re-expression of miR-188-5p in RASF by transient transfection significantly inhibited cell migration. However, miR-188-5p re-expression had no effects on glycosaminoglycan degradation or expression of repellent factors, which have been previously shown to affect the invasive behavior of RASF. In search for target genes of miR-188-5p in RASF we performed gene expression profiling in RASF and found a strong regulatory effect of miR-188-5p on the hyaluronan binding protein KIAA1199 as well as collagens COL1A1 and COL12A1, which was confirmed by qRT-PCR. In silico analysis revealed that KIAA1199 carries a 3'UTR binding site for miR-188-5p. COL1A1and COL12A1 showed no binding site in the mRNA region, suggesting an indirect regulation of these two genes by miR-188-5p. In summary, our study showed that miR-188-5p is down-regulated in RA in vitro and in vivo, most likely triggered by an inflammatory environment. MiR-188-5p expression is correlated to the activation state of RASF and inhibits migration of these cells. Furthermore, miR-188-5p is directly and indirectly regulating the expression of genes, which may play a role in extracellular matrix formation and destruction in RA. Herewith, this study identified potential novel therapeutic targets to inhibit the development and progression of RA.

  12. Safety and efficacy of 188-rhenium-labeled antibody to melanin in patients with metastatic melanoma.

    PubMed

    Klein, M; Lotem, M; Peretz, T; Zwas, S T; Mizrachi, S; Liberman, Y; Chisin, R; Schachter, J; Ron, I G; Iosilevsky, G; Kennedy, J A; Revskaya, E; de Kater, A W; Banaga, E; Klutzaritz, V; Friedmann, N; Galun, E; Denardo, G L; Denardo, S J; Casadevall, A; Dadachova, E; Thornton, G B

    2013-01-01

    There is a need for effective "broad spectrum" therapies for metastatic melanoma which would be suitable for all patients. The objectives of Phase Ia/Ib studies were to evaluate the safety, pharmacokinetics, dosimetry, and antitumor activity of (188)Re-6D2, a 188-Rhenium-labeled antibody to melanin. Stage IIIC/IV metastatic melanoma (MM) patients who failed standard therapies were enrolled in both studies. In Phase Ia, 10 mCi (188)Re-6D2 were given while unlabeled antibody preload was escalated. In Phase Ib, the dose of (188)Re-6D2 was escalated to 54 mCi. SPECT/CT revealed (188)Re-6D2 uptake in melanoma metastases. The mean effective half-life of (188)Re-6D2 was 12.4 h. Transient HAMA was observed in 9 patients. Six patients met the RECIST criteria for stable disease at 6 weeks. Two patients had durable disease stabilization for 14 weeks and one for 22 weeks. Median overall survival was 13 months with no dose-limiting toxicities. The data demonstrate that (188)Re-6D2 was well tolerated, localized in melanoma metastases, and had antitumor activity, thus warranting its further investigation in patients with metastatic melanoma.

  13. Cytotoxic Effects of PEGylated Anti-EGFR Immunoliposomes Combined with Doxorubicin and Rhenium-188 Against Cancer Cells.

    PubMed

    Hsu, Wei-Chuan; Cheng, Chu-Nian; Lee, Te-Wei; Hwang, Jeng-Jong

    2015-09-01

    We aimed to construct epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-targeting cetuximab-immunoliposomes (IL-C225) for targeted delivery of doxorubicin and rhenium-188 (Re-188) to EGFR(+) cancer cells. Synthesized IL-C225 was analyzed by dynamic light scattering, transmission electron microscopy, and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectroscopy. Cell binding and internalization were examined using doxorubicin-loaded IL-C225 (DXR-IL-C225) with confocal microscopy. IL-C225 combined with doxorubicin and Re-188 ((188)Re-DXR-IL-C225) was synthesized, and the cytotoxic effects of (188)Re-DXR-IL-C225 were analyzed in EGFR(+) cancer cells using cell viability assays. IL-C225 bound to EGFR on A431 cancer cells and was rapidly internalized. Furthermore, IL-C225 localized within the tumor cells efficiently. (188)Re-DXR-IL-C225 exhibited outstanding cytotoxic effects against EGFR(+) cancer cells in vitro and showed superior cytotoxic effects compared to DXR-IL-C225 or (188)Re-IL-C225 alone. The new formulation of (188)Re-DXR-IL-C225 may be a potential theranostic vehicle for delivery of drugs in the treatment of EGFR-overexpressing human cancer. Copyright© 2015 International Institute of Anticancer Research (Dr. John G. Delinassios), All rights reserved.

  14. Tailoring the index of refraction of nanocrystalline hafnium oxide thin films

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Vargas, Mirella; Murphy, N. R.; Ramana, C. V., E-mail: rvchintalapalle@utep.edu

    2014-03-10

    Hafnium oxide (HfO{sub 2}) films were grown by sputter-deposition by varying the growth temperature (T{sub s} = 25–700 °C). HfO{sub 2} films grown at T{sub s} < 200 °C were amorphous, while those grown at T{sub s} ≥ 200 °C were monoclinic, nanocrystalline with (1{sup ¯}11) texturing. X-ray reflectivity (XRR) analyses indicate that the film-density (ρ) increases with increasing T{sub s}. The index of refraction (n) profiles derived from spectroscopic ellipsometry analyses follow the Cauchy dispersion relation. Lorentz-Lorenz analysis (n{sub (λ)} = 550 nm) and optical-model adopted agree well with the XRR data/analyses. A direct T{sub s}-ρ-n relationship suggests that tailoring the optical quality is possible by tuning T{sub s} and themore » microstructure of HfO{sub 2} films.« less

  15. Studies on stabilization mechanism and stealth effect of poloxamer 188 onto PLGA nanoparticles.

    PubMed

    Jain, Darshana; Athawale, Rajani; Bajaj, Amrita; Shrikhande, Shruti; Goel, Peeyush N; Gude, Rajiv P

    2013-09-01

    In nanoparticulate engineering for drug delivery systems, poloxamers tri block copolymers are employed as adsorbing molecules to modify the aggregation state and impart stability to products. The aim was to prepare nanoparticles using poloxamer188 as stabiliser and investigate the mechanism of stabilisation of the prepared particles. Nanoparticles were prepared by solvent diffusion method with poloxamer 188 as stabiliser. Hydrodynamic thickness and zeta potential of the prepared nanoparticles were determined by photon correlation spectroscopy. To study the extent of adsorption of poloxamer onto the prepared nanoparticles, adsorption isotherms were constructed. The adsorbed amount of poloxamer 188 onto the particles was determined by depletion method. Macrophageal uptake study was performed to assess the uptake of the prepared nanoparticles using RAW 264.7 cell lines. Nanoparticles were prepared with slight increase in particle size and in absolute value of zeta potential compared to uncoated particles suggesting that this effect was due to adsorption of poloxamer 188. TEM studies and surface area analysis supported the results obtained from particle size analysis indicating preparation of particles with a thin layer of adsorbed poloxamer 188. Adsorption kinetics modeling suggested that at low concentrations (0.001-0.010 g/L), Langmuir monolayer equation fits quite well and at higher concentrations (above 0.010 g/L) multilayer adsorption of poloxamer 188 onto the prepared particles occurred. Thus the nanoparticles had multilayer of poloxamer 188 adsorbed onto the non uniform surface of PLGA. Results of macrophageal uptake and liver cell study exhibits adsorbed concentration dependent bypass of RES uptake of nanoparticles. Hence, results substantiate the application of adsorption isotherms for designing nanoparticles possessing potential to exhibit prolonged circulation when administered in vivo. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  16. 46 CFR 188.10-56 - Pilot boarding equipment and point of access.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 7 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Pilot boarding equipment and point of access. 188.10-56... VESSELS GENERAL PROVISIONS Definition of Terms Used in This Subchapter § 188.10-56 Pilot boarding equipment and point of access. (a) Pilot boarding equipment means a pilot ladder, accomodation ladder, pilot...

  17. Evaluation of biodistribution and antitumor effects of (188)Re-rhk5 in a mouse model of lung cancer.

    PubMed

    Guo, Rui; Liang, Sheng; Ma, Yufei; Shen, Hua; Xu, Haoping; Li, Biao

    2011-09-01

    Targeting drugs to receptors involved in tumor angiogenesis is considered to be a novel and promising approach to improve cancer treatment. This study aimed to evaluate the anti-tumor efficacy of (188)Re-labeled recombinant human plasminogen kringle 5 ((188)Re‑rhk5) through [18F]-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) micro-positron emission tomography (PET). Radiolabeled rhk5 was obtained by conjugating the hystidine (6 x His) group at the carbon end of rhk5 with fac-[(188)Re(H(2)O)(3)(CO)(3)](+). The biodistribution study of (188)Re-rhk5 showed that (188)Re-rhk5 had a high initial tumor uptake and prolonged tumor retention. The highest tumor uptake of (188)Re-rhk5 (3.65±0.82% ID/g) was found 2 h after injection which decreased to 0.81±0.14% ID/g 12 h after injection. Following therapy, tumor size measurement indicated that (188)Re-rhk5-treated tumors were smaller than (188)Re-, rhk5- and saline-treated controls 6 days after the treatment. In vivo 18F-FDG micro-PET imaging showed significantly reduced tumor metabolism in the (188)Re-rhk5-treated mice vs. those treated with rhk5, (188)Re and saline control, 1 day after treatment. Moreover, the number of microvessels was significantly reduced after (188)Re-rhk5 treatment as determined by CD31 staining. Our results demonstrate that specific delivery of (188)Re-rhk5 allows preferential cytotoxicity to A549 lung cancer cells and tumor vasculature. (18)F-FDG micro-PET is a non-invasive imaging tool that can be utilized to assess early tumor responses to (188)Re-rhk5 therapy.

  18. Hafnium-doped hydroxyapatite nanoparticles with ionizing radiation for lung cancer treatment.

    PubMed

    Chen, Min-Hua; Hanagata, Nobutaka; Ikoma, Toshiyuki; Huang, Jian-Yuan; Li, Keng-Yuan; Lin, Chun-Pin; Lin, Feng-Huei

    2016-06-01

    Recently, photodynamic therapy (PDT) is one of the new clinical options by generating cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) to kill cancer cells. However, the optical approach of PDT is limited by tissue penetration depth of visible light. In this study, we propose that a ROS-enhanced nanoparticle, hafnium-doped hydroxyapatite (Hf:HAp), which is a material to yield large quantities of ROS inside the cells when the nanoparticles are bombarded with high penetrating power of ionizing radiation. Hf:HAp nanoparticles are generated by wet chemical precipitation with total doping concentration of 15mol% Hf(4+) relative to Ca(2+) in HAp host material. The results show that the HAp particles could be successfully doped with Hf ions, resulted in the formation of nano-sized rod-like shape and with pH-dependent solubility. The impact of ionizing radiation on Hf:HAp nanoparticles is assessed by using in-vitro and in-vivo model using A549 cell line. The 2',7'-dichlorofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA) results reveal that after being exposed to gamma rays, Hf:HAp could significantly lead to the formation of ROS in cells. Both cell viability (WST-1) and cytotoxicity (LDH) assay show the consistent results that A549 lung cancer cell lines are damaged with changes in the cells' ROS level. The in-vivo studies further demonstrate that the tumor growth is inhibited owing to the cells apoptosis when Hf:HAp nanoparticles are bombarded with ionizing radiation. This finding offer a new therapeutic method of interacting with ionizing radiation and demonstrate the potential of Hf:HAp nanoparticles in tumor treatment, such as being used in a palliative treatment after lung surgical procedure. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is one of the new clinical options by generating cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) to kill cancer cells. Unfortunately, the approach of PDT is usually limited to the treatment of systemic disease and deeper tumor, due to the limited tissue penetration depth of visible

  19. 188Re radiopharmaceuticals for radiosynovectomy: evaluation and comparison of tin colloid, hydroxyapatite and tin-ferric hydroxide macroaggregates

    PubMed Central

    Savio, Eduardo; Ures, María Cristina; Zeledón, Patricia; Trindade, Victoria; Paolino, Andrea; Mockford, Virginia; Malanga, Antonio; Fernández, Marcelo; Gaudiano, Javier

    2004-01-01

    Background Radiosynovectomy is a therapy used to relieve pain and inflammation from rheumatoid arthritis and related diseases. In this study three 188Re particulate compounds were characterized according to their physico-chemical properties and their biological behavior in rabbits. The results were compared in order to establish which was the radiopharmaceutical that better fits the requirements of this kind of radiotherapy. Methods Three radiopharmaceutical formulations, tin colloid, hydroxyapatite particles (HA) and ferric hydroxide macroaggregates coated with tin colloid (FHMA), were physically characterized (number, volume and surface of the particles). For this purpose laser diffraction methodology was used. To evaluate cavity leakage of activity the following studies in New Zealand rabbits were performed: scintigraphic images for 48 hr after intraarticular injection of each radiopharmaceutical, biodistribution at 48 hr and urine samples collection during the first 24 hr post-radiopharmaceutical administration. Results Labeling procedures for 188Re-HA and 188Re-Sn-FHMA were labour intensive while 188Re-Sn was easily prepared. Furthermore, 188Re-Sn colloid offered the greatest surface area in the 2–10 microm range and was obtained with a radiochemical purity over 95%, while percentage of bound activity for 188Re-HA and 188Re-Sn-FHMA were 55% and 92% respectively. Stability was verified for the three radiopharmaceuticals for 24 hr. Scintigraphic studies and biodistribution in rabbits after intraarticular administration of the radiopharmaceuticals showed relevant activity only in the knee, this being over 90% of the residual activity in the whole body at 48 hr in every case. Renal elimination of 188Re-Sn colloid and 188Re-Sn-FHMA was detected by activity measurements in urine samples, during the first 12 hr post-radiopharmaceutical injection. The percentage of activity retained in the knee was 69.1% for 188Re-Sn colloid, 55.1% for 188Re-Sn-FHMA and 33.6% for

  20. Melittin liposomes surface modified with poloxamer 188: in vitro characterization and in vivo evaluation.

    PubMed

    Tian, J L; Ke, X; Chen, Z; Wang, C J; Zhang, Y; Zhong, T C

    2011-05-01

    Melittin liposomes surface modified with poloxamer 188 were developed, and the effect of poloxamer 188 was investigated with regard to anti-cancer effect and vascular stimulation. Melittin liposomes surface modified with poloxamer 188 at different concentrations (0%, 2%, and 5%) were prepared using the adsorption method, followed by in vitro characterization, including entrapment efficiency, zeta potential, particle size, and morphology. Subsequently, the influence of repeated freeze-thawing on the liposomes was investigated, and the effect of poloxamer 188 on the repeated freeze-thawing process was explored. Vascular stimulation effects of MLT, and MLT liposome that surface coated with or without poloxamer were all studied. Pharmacokinetics of the different MLT preparations were determined and the anticancer activity of the MLT formulations was investigated. The particle size of the liposomes gradually increased with increasing poloxamer 188 content, while the entrapment efficiency did not change significantly. After the first freeze-thaw cycle, size and PDI were both markedly reduced, entrapment efficiency rose, and there was no significant change of zeta potential. The vascular irritation caused by MLT could be reduced to an extent by encapsulation in liposome, but not completely eliminated, while liposomes coated with poloxamer 188 can effectively abolish the phenomenon. Melittin liposomes with surface modified by poloxamer exhibit enhanced bioavailability, effective anticancer activity, and reduced side effects compared with melittin solution. Poloxamer plays an important role in melittin liposomes.