What's New With Hale Bopp?

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Shylaja, B. S.

1997-06-01

The comet Hale-Bopp has provided a great opportunity to astrophysicists. It is bright and it has been available for observations for a long period of time. A good number of large telescopes all over the northern hemisphere have been deployed for observations of this comet. Within a month of its discovery came the first result that the comet was quite active even when it was beyond Jupiter. Jets of gas and dust continued to stream out one after the other. This created the suspicion that the magnitude estimates may turn out to be only the limits rather than the actual values. The anxiety, so created disappeared only when the comet reached the visibility limits in late 1996. By the time it reached the perihelion on April 1, it was not fooling around anymore and kept up the promise of a 'civilized comet', the one that could be located without a finding chart. As is well known, the magnitude after the perihelion passage, would be slightly higher than the estimated value. The two-tail structure was first noticed a few months prior to the perihelion. The gradation in colour from blue of the ion tail to yellow of the dust tail was quite conspicuous. A simple binocular could easily resolve the two. Interestingly, just after the perihelion, there was a flare and the associated storm on the sun due to which a temporary increase in the solar wind particle density can occur. It would be extremely interesting to find the related effects on the tail, especially on the ion component. The solar and cometary physicists are (as on April 26th) eagerly looking forward to monitoring the changes. The ion tail has grown to about 15 degrees in the sky and is expected to get disrupted after the solar storm. On the other hand, the dust tail which grew to a full length of 45 degrees offered a glorious sight in the evening sky. The new moon at the time of perihelion enhanced the spectacle. In the middle of April quite suddenly, a third tail, a sharp yellow one, showed up. This was attributed

Measurements of [C I] 9850 A Emission from Comet Hale-Bopp

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Oliversen, R. J.; Doane, N.; Scherb, F.; Harris, W. M.; Morgenthaler, J. P.

2002-01-01

We present quantitative measurements of cometary [C I] 9850 A, emission obtained during observations of comet Hale-Bopp (C/1995 O1) in 1997 March and April. The observations were carried out using a high-resolution (lambda/Delta lambda approx. 40,000) Fabry-Perot/CCD spectrometer at the McMath-Pierce solar telescope on Kitt Peak. This forbidden line, the carbon analog of [O I] 6300 A, is emitted in the radiative decay of C(1D) atoms. In the absence of other sources and sinks, [C I] 9850 A emission may be used as a direct tracer of CO photodissociation in comets. However, in Hale-Bopp's large, dense coma, other processes, such as collisional excitation of ground-state C(3P), dissociative recombination of CO+, and collisional dissociation of CO and CO2 may produce significant amounts of C(1D). The long C(1D) radiative lifetime (approx. 4000 s) makes collisional de-excitation (quenching) the primary loss mechanism in the inner coma. Thus, a detailed, self-consistent global model of collisional and photochemical interactions is necessary to fully account for [C I] 9850 A emission in comet Hale-Bopp.

Modeling Coma Gas Jets in Comet Hale-Bopp

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Lederer, S. M.; Campins, H.

2001-01-01

We present an analysis of OH, CN, and C2 jets observed in Comet Hale-Bopp. The relative contributions from and composition of the coma gas sources, and the parameters describing the active areas responsible for the gas jets will be discussed. Additional information is contained in the original extended abstract.

New Observations of Comet Hale-Bopp from La Silla

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

1998-10-01

Methanol and Hydrogen Cyanide Detected at Record Distance Observations of famous Comet Hale-Bopp continue with the 15-m Swedish-ESO Submillimetre Telescope (SEST) at the La Silla Observatory. They show amazingly strong activity of this unusual object, also at the present, very large distance from the Sun. The radio observations document in detail the release of various molecules from the comet's icy nucleus. Of particular interest is the observed emission from methanol ( CH 3 OH ) and hydrogen cyanide ( HCN ) molecules, never before detected in any comet this far away. Comet Hale-Bopp still going strong Just over 18 months after its perihelion passage on April 1, 1997, Comet Hale-Bopp (official designation C/1995 O1 ) is continuing its outward journey through the Solar System. It is now about 1,000 million kilometres (6.7 AU) from the Sun and the Earth, i.e. almost at the same distance as when it was first discovered in July 1995. After having traversed the northern sky in 1996 and 1997, the comet passed the celestial equator in late June 1997 and is now seen in the southern constellation Volans (The Flying Fish), i.e. just east of the Large Magellanic Cloud. It can only be observed from southern latitudes. The comet's brightness has decreased by a factor of more than 10,000 since it was at its brightest in March 1997, just before perihelion. However, the magnitude is still around 9 - 10, or only about 20-40 times fainter than what can be seen with the unaided eye. Hale-Bopp is therefore visible in binoculars to southern observers as a fuzzy object with a diameter of a few arcminutes. New observations from La Silla Several telescopes at La Silla are following the evolution of the activity of Comet Hale-Bopp as it recedes from the Sun. In particular, the comet is observed monthly with SEST , a 15-m diameter submillimetre telescope operated jointly by the Onsala Space Observatory (OSO, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden) and ESO; it is the only

Seismology at the Australian National University; an interview with Anton L. Hales

USGS Publications Warehouse

Spall, H.

1980-01-01

Dr. Anton L. Hales is a leading seismologist who has just retired as Director of the Research School of Earth Sciences at the Australian National University (ANU), Canberra. Prior to that, he headed the Geosciences Division at the University of Texas at Dallas, and, before that, he was Director of the Bernard Price Institute of Geophysical Research at the University of the Witwatersrand Johannesburg, South Africa. he is about to step down as President of the International Geodynamics Commission. Dr. Hales' research has involved marine geophysics, the travel times of seismic waves, and the structure of the Earth's crust and upper mantle. 

Abundant Cool Magnesium-Rich Pyroxene Crystals in Comet Hale-Bopp

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Wooden, D. H.

1999-01-01

Modeling of the observed dust emission from Comet Hale-Bopp over a large range of heliocentric distances (2.8 AU - 0.93 AU -1.7 AU) led to the discovery of Mg-rich pyroxene crystals in the coma These pyroxene crystals are apparent in the 10 micron spectrum only when the comet is close to perihelion (r(sub h) = 1.2 AU) because they are cooler than the other silicate minerals. The pyroxene crystals are cooler than the other species because of their high Mg-content. They do not absorb as efficiently as the other silicate minerals. Given the same high Mg content of Mg/(Mg + Fe) = 0.9, radiative equilibrium computations show that pyroxene crystals are expected to be 150 K cooler than olivine crystals. The pyroxene crystals are also about 10x more abundant than the other silicate mineral species. Their high Mg content and relatively large abundance are in agreement with the preponderance of pyroxene interplanetary dust particles (IDPs) and the recent reanalysis of the PUMA-I flyby of Comet Halley. Before Hale-Bopp, only olivine crystals were detected spectroscopically in comets, probably because the pyroxene crystals are less optically active, hence significantly cooler and harder to detect in contrast to the warmer silicate species. Determining the relative abundances of silicate minerals depends on their Mg contents. If the pyroxene crystals in Comet Hale-Bopp are solar nebula condensates, then they probably had to form during the early FU Orionis epoch when the inner disk was hot enough and be transported out to the region of formation of icy planetesimals without being reheated. Reheating events appear to reincorporate Fe back into the crystals or form Fe-rich rims, which are not consistent with the high-Mg-content crystals. The condensation of Mg-rich pyroxene crystals is expected from solar nebula thermal equilibrium computations. However, their subsequent transport to the outer solar nebula unaltered has yet to be theoretically demonstrated. The discovery of Mg

Collisional quenching of OH radio emission from comet Hale-Bopp

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Schloerb, F. P.; Devries, C. H.; Lovell, A. J.; Irvine, W. M.; Senay, M.; Wootten, H. A.; Ferris, J. P. (Principal Investigator)

1997-01-01

Observations of comets in the 18-cm OH transitions offer a means to probe gas production, kinematics, and OH excitation in comets. We present initial results of OH observations of comet Hale-Bopp obtained with the NRAO 43 m antenna located in Greenbank, WV. Maps of the emission provide strong constraints on the amount of quenching of the inversion of the OH ground state A-doublet in the coma. Analysis of the total radio OH flux and maps of its radial brightness distribution indicate a quenched region on the order of approximately 500,000 km during March and April 1997. This large value is generally consistent with previous observations of radio OH quenching in lower production rate comets when the high production rate of comet Hale-Bopp is considered.

New methods for deriving cometary secular light curves: C/1995 O1 (Hale-Bopp) revisited

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Womack, Maria; Lastra, Nathan; Harrington, Olga; Curtis, Anthony; Wierzchos, Kacper; Ruffini, Nicholas; Charles, Mentzer; Rabson, David; Cox, Timothy; Rivera, Isabel; Micciche, Anthony

2017-10-01

We present an algorithm for reducing scatter and increasing precision in a comet light curve. As a demonstration, we processed apparent magnitudes of comet Hale-Bopp from 16 highly experienced observers (archived with the International Comet Quarterly), correcting for distance from Earth and phase angle. Different observers tend to agree on the difference in magnitudes of an object at different distances, but the magnitude reported by observer is shifted relative to that of another for an object at a fixed distance. We estimated the shifts using a self-consistent statistical approach, leading to a sharper light curve and improving the precision of the measured slopes. The final secular lightcurve for comet Hale-Bopp ranges from -7 au (pre-perihelion) to +8 au (post-perihelion) and is the best secular light curve produced to date for this “great” comet. We discuss Hale-Bopp’s lightcurve evolution and possibly related physical implications, and potential usefulness of this light curve for comparisons with other future bright comets. We also assess the appropriateness of using secular lightcurves to characterize dust production rates in Hale-Bopp and other dust-rich comets. M.W. acknowledges support from NSF grant AST-1615917.

The Hale-Bopp comet - an unexpected guest

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gorodetchi, Dumitru

A number of 3 photographs are given of the comewt Hale-Bopp made at UT 1997 March 18.0937 (refractor RT-80(80 cm., 1:10); Fomapan T-800 (DT=10 min). 2) UT 1997 March 18.010; Cassegrain-reflector AT -400 (630, 1:16); film 100 ASA (DT=1 min) 3)UT 1997 April 5.8097; telobiectiv Tair -11 (13,5 cm, 1:2.8); Fomapan T-800 (DT =2 min)

HALE STAIN FOR SIALIC ACID-CONTAINING MUCINS. ADAPTATION TO ELECTRON MICROSCOPY.

PubMed

GASIC, G; BERWICK, L

1963-10-01

The feasibility of using the Hale stain to identify cellular sialic acid-containing mucins by electron microscopy was investigated. Three kinds of mouse ascites tumor cells were fixed in neutral buffered formalin, exposed to fresh colloidal ferric oxide, treated with potassium ferrocyanide, imbedded in Selectron, and sectioned for electron microscopy. Additional staining with uranyl acetate and potassium permanganate was done after sectioning in order to increase contrast. Those cells known to be coated with sialomucin showed deposits of electron-opaque ferric ferrocyanide crystals in the areas where sialomucin concentrations were expected. When these cells were treated with neuraminidase beforehand, these deposits did not appear. It was concluded that, with the precautions and modifications described, the Hale stain can be successfully combined with electron microscopy to identify sialomucin.

Hubble Sees Material Ejected From Comet Hale-Bopp

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1995-01-01

These NASA Hubble Space Telescope pictures of comet Hale-Bopp show a remarkable 'pinwheel' pattern and a blob of free-flying debris near the nucleus. The bright clump of light along the spiral (above the nucleus, which is near the center of the frame) may be a piece of the comet's icy crust that was ejected into space by a combination of ice evaporation and the comet's rotation, and which then disintegrated into a bright cloud of particles.

Although the 'blob' is about 3.5 times fainter than the brightest portion at the nucleus, the lump appears brighter because it covers a larger area. The debris follows a spiral pattern outward because the solid nucleus is rotating like a lawn sprinkler, completing a single rotation about once per week.

Ground-based observations conducted over the past two months have documented at least two separate episodes of jet and pinwheel formation and fading. By coincidence, the first Hubble images of Hale-Bopp, taken on September 26, 1995, immediately followed one of these outbursts and allow researchers to examine it at unprecedented detail. For the first time they see a clear separation between the nucleus and some of the debris being shed. By putting together information from the Hubble images and those taken during the recent outburst using the 82 cm telescope of the Teide Observatory (Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain), astronomers find that the debris is moving away from the nucleus at a speed (projected on the sky) of about 68 miles per hour (109 kilometers per hour).

The Hubble observations will be used to determine if Hale-Bopp is really a giant comet or rather a more moderate-sized object whose current activity is driven by outgassing from a very volatile ice which will 'burn out' over the next year. Comet Hale-Bopp was discovered on July 23, 1995 by amateur astronomers Alan Hale and Thomas Bopp. Though this comet is still well outside the orbit of Jupiter (almost 600 million miles, or one billion kilometers from Earth

Recurring Lineae on Slopes at Hale Crater, Mars

NASA Image and Video Library

2015-09-28

Dark, narrow streaks on Martian slopes such as these at Hale Crater are inferred to be formed by seasonal flow of water on contemporary Mars. The streaks are roughly the length of a football field. The imaging and topographical information in this processed, false-color view come from the High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment (HiRISE) camera on NASA's Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter. These dark features on the slopes are called "recurring slope lineae" or RSL. Planetary scientists using observations with the Compact Reconnaissance Imaging Spectrometer on the same orbiter detected hydrated salts on these slopes at Hale Crater, corroborating the hypothesis that the streaks are formed by briny liquid water. The image was produced by first creating a 3-D computer model (a digital terrain map) of the area based on stereo information from two HiRISE observations, and then draping a false-color image over the land-shape model. The vertical dimension is exaggerated by a factor of 1.5 compared to horizontal dimensions. The camera records brightness in three wavelength bands: infrared, red and blue-green. The draped image is one product from HiRISE observation ESP_03070_1440. http://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA19916

Comparative Study of Wing Lift Distribution Analysis for High Altitude Long Endurance (HALE) Unmaned Aerial Vehicle

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Silitonga, Faber Y.; Agoes Moelyadi, M.

2018-04-01

The development of High Altitude Long Endurance (HALE) Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) has been emerged for both civil and military purposes. Its ability of operating in high altitude with long endurance is important in supporting maritime applications.Preliminary analysis of HALE UAV lift distribution of the wing presented to give decisive consideration for its early development. Ensuring that the generated lift is enough to compensate its own weight. Therotical approach using Pradtl’s non-linear lifting line theory will be compared with modern numerical approach using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). Results of wing lift distribution calculated from both methods will be compared to study the reliability of it. HALE UAV ITB has high aspect ratio wing and will be analyze at cruise flight condition. The result indicates difference between Non-linear Lifting Line and CFD method.

Rocket Detection of Argon in Comet Hale-Bopp

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Stern, S. A.; Festou, M. C.; Parker, J. Wm.; Slater, D. C.; Gladstone, G. R.; A'Hearn, M. F.

1998-12-01

The EUVS planetary sounding rocket spectrograph was flown on 30.2 March 1997 (UT) from White Sands, New Mexico to observe comet Hale-Bopp in the bandpass from 830--1120 A. At the time of launch the comet was near perihelion, 0.915 AU from the Sun, 1.340 AU from Earth, and traveling at a heliocentric radial velocity of +0.70 km/s. EUVS obtained its primary spectra of the comet at resolution near 12 A, collecting 9340 counts over approximately 330 seconds of integration time. To our knowledge, the resulting dataset is both the most sensitive and the highest spectral resolution probe of a comet in the UV below 1200 A as yet achieved, and contains signatures of both the 1048.2 A and 1066.7 A Ar I resonance lines. These features represent the first-ever detections of any noble gas in a comet. The spectrum also includes significant detections which we tentatively attribute to due to 834 A 0 II, 972 A Lyman gamma, 989 A O I, the 1026 A H I Lyman beta/O I. We will discuss the Ar features, retrieve the Ar column in the coma, and discuss the implications of the total Ar/O abundance ratio in Hale-Bopp for the comet's origin.

Spectrophotometry of Dust in Comet Hale-Bopp

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Witteborn, Fred C. (Technical Monitor)

1997-01-01

Comets, such as Hale-Bopp (C/1995 O1), are frozen reservoirs of primitive solar nebula dust grains and ices. Analysis of the composition of cometary dust grains from infrared spectroscopic techniques permits an estimation of the types of organic and inorganic materials that constituted the early primitive solar nebula. In addition, the cometary bombardment of the Earth (approximately 3.5 Gy ago) supplied the water for the oceans and brought organic materials to Earth which may have been biogenic. Spectroscopic observations of comet Hale-Bopp suggest the possible presence of organic hydrocarbon species, silicate and olivine dust grains, and water ice. Spectroscopy near 3 microns obtained in Nov 1996 r=2.393 AU, delta=3.034 AU) shows a feature which we attribute to PAH emission. The spatial morphology of the 3.28 microns PAH feature is also presented. Optical and infrared spectrophotometric observations of comets convey valuable information about the spatial distribution and properties of dust and gas within the inner coma. In the optical and NIR shortward of 2 microns, the observed light is primarily scattered sunlight from the dust grains. At longer wavelengths, particularly in the 10 gm window, thermal emission from these grains dominates the radiation allowing an accurate estimate of grain sizes and chemical composition. Here we present an initial analysis of spectra taken with the NASA HIFOGS at 7-14 microns as part of a multiwavelength temporal study of the "comet of the century".

The Wisconsin/GSFC Hale-Bopp Observing Campaign

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Scherb, F.; Roesler, F. L.; Harris, W. M.; Nordsieck, K. H.; Anderson, C.; Klinglesmith, D. A., III; Woodward, R. C.; Mierkiewicz, E. J.; Haffner, L. M.; Tufte, S. L.; Oliversen, R. J.; Hilton, G. M.; Doane, N.; Tilleman, T.; Vincent, M.

1997-07-01

From September 1996 to April 1997, we conducted an extensive campaign of observations of several atomic (O, C, H), ionic (H_2O(+) ), and molecular (OH, C_2, C_3, CN, NH_2) emissions from Comet Hale-Bopp, using a variety of telescopes (McMath-Pierce, WHAM, Burrel-Schmidt, WIYN, PBO, WISP), instruments (imagers, Fabry-Perot and grating spectrometers, polarimeters), and data formats (spectra, images, datacubes). We will present an overview of the observations, and highlight early results, some of which will be presented in detail in poster papers at this meeting.

Understanding the haling power depletion (HPD) method

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Levine, S.; Blyth, T.; Ivanov, K.

2012-07-01

The Pennsylvania State Univ. (PSU) is using the university version of the Studsvik Scandpower Code System (CMS) for research and education purposes. Preparations have been made to incorporate the CMS into the PSU Nuclear Engineering graduate class 'Nuclear Fuel Management' course. The information presented in this paper was developed during the preparation of the material for the course. The Haling Power Depletion (HPD) was presented in the course for the first time. The HPD method has been criticized as not valid by many in the field even though it has been successfully applied at PSU for the past 20 years.more » It was noticed that the radial power distribution (RPD) for low leakage cores during depletion remained similar to that of the HPD during most of the cycle. Thus, the Haling Power Depletion (HPD) may be used conveniently mainly for low leakage cores. Studies were then made to better understand the HPD and the results are presented in this paper. Many different core configurations can be computed quickly with the HPD without using Burnable Poisons (BP) to produce several excellent low leakage core configurations that are viable for power production. Once the HPD core configuration is chosen for further analysis, techniques are available for establishing the BP design to prevent violating any of the safety constraints in such HPD calculated cores. In summary, in this paper it has been shown that the HPD method can be used for guiding the design for the low leakage core. (authors)« less

Hale Boggs on J. Edgar Hoover: Rhetorical Choice and Political Denunciation.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gibson, Dirk

This paper examines United States Representative Hale Boggs's 1971 speech on the House floor, in which he denounced J. Edgar Hoover and the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) for wiretapping members of Congress and infiltrating campus student groups. Following an introduction to the objectives of the paper, the first section reviews Boggs's…

Breaking through "The Dominion of Facts": Sarah Josepha Hale's Instructive Legacy.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Henning, Martha L.

The 18th and 19th centuries saw a real tension between inductive and deductive methods of reason. Spokesperson for her era through her association with the popular "Godey's Ladies' Book," Sarah Josepha Hale addressed this tension in 1858, citing an article by Thomas Henry Buckle ascribing the method of deduction to women and that of induction to…

The 830--1120 A Spectrum of a Bright Comet: First Results on Hale-Bopp

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Stern, S. Alan; Festou, Michel C.; Slater, David C.; Parker, Joel Wm.; A'Hearn, Michael F.

1998-09-01

The EUVS planetary sounding rocket spectrograph was flown on 29 March 1997 from White Sands, New Mexico to observe comet Hale-Bopp in the bandpass from 830--1120 Angstroms. At the time of launch the comet was near perihelion, 0.92 AU from the Sun, 1.34 AU from Earth, and traveling at a heliocentric radial velocity of +0.70 km/s. EUVS obtained its primary spectra of the comet at resolution near 3 Angstroms, collecting 9340 counts over approximately 330 seconds of integration time. To our knowledge, the resulting dataset is both the most sensitive and the highest spectral resolution probe of a comet in the UV below 1200 Angstroms yet achieved. The spectrum includes significant detections which we tentatively attribute to due to 834 Angstroms 0 II, the 1026 Angstroms H I Lyman beta /O I blend, and 989 Angstroms O I; we will also discuss evidence for Argon signatures, as well as two additional, yet to be identified features. We will describe the EUVS Hale-Bopp experiment and its results, including feature brightnesses, corresponding columns, and species abundance ratios in the inner coma. In addition to its value for providing insight into comets in general, and Hale-Bopp in particular, this spectrum is serving as an excellent input for New Millennium Deep Space 1/MICAS and Rosetta/ALICE UV observation planning below 1200 Angstroms.

Seismological evidence of the Hales discontinuity in northeast India

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Anand, Aakash; Bora, Dipok K.; Borah, Kajaljyoti; Madhab Borgohain, Jayanta

2018-04-01

The crust and upper mantle shear wave velocity structure beneath the northeast India is estimated by joint inversion of Rayleigh wave group velocity and receiver function, calculated from teleseismic earthquakes data recorded at nine broadband seismic stations. The Assam valley and the Shillong-Mikir plateau are the two important tectonic blocks in the northeast India, which are surrounded by the Himalayan collision zone in the north, Indo-Burma subduction zone in the east and by the Bengal basin in the south. The joint inversion followed by forward modeling reveal crustal thicknesses of 30-34 km beneath the Shillong plateau, 36 km beneath the Mikir hills and 38-40 km beneath the Assam valley with an average shear wave velocity (Vs) of 3.4-3.5 km/s. The estimated low upper mantle shear wave velocity (Vsn) 4.2-4.3 km/s may be due to the rock composition or grain size or increased temperature and partial melt (<1%) in the upper mantle, or an effect of all. Also, we report for the first time, the existence of the Hales discontinuity at depths 56-74 km with Vs ∼4.4-4.6 km/s. Variable depth of the Hales discontinuity may be explained by the geotherm and/or addition of Cr3+ and Fe2+ in the spinel-garnet system.

Aerodynamic Analysis of a Hale Aircraft Joined-Wing Configuration

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sivaji, Rangarajan; Ghia, Urmila; Ghia, Karman; Thornburg, Hugh

2003-11-01

Aerodynamic analysis of a high-aspect ratio, joined wing of a High-Altitude Long Endurance (HALE) aircraft is performed. The requirement of high lift over extended flight periods for the HALE aircraft leads to high-aspect ratio wings experiencing significant deflections necessitating consideration of aeroelastic effects. The finite-volume solver COBALT, with Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) and Detached Eddy Simulation (DES) capabilities, is used for the flow simulations. Calculations are performed at á = 0° and 12° for M = 0.6, at an altitude of 30,000 feet, at a Re per unit length of 5.6x106. The wing cross sections are NACA 4421 airfoils. Because of the high lift-to-drag ratio wings, an inviscid flow analysis is also performed. The inviscid surface pressure coefficient (Cp) is compared with the corresponding viscous Cp to examine the feasibility of the use of the inviscid pressure loads as an estimate of the total fluid loads on the structure. The viscous and inviscid Cp results compare reasonably only at á = 0°. The viscous flow is examined in detail via surface and field velocity vectors, vorticity, density and pressure contours. For á = 12°, the unsteady DES solutions show a weak shock at the aft-wing trailing edge. Also, the flow near the joint exhibits a region of mild separation.

It Started with George Ellery Hale

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Parker, E. N.

1999-05-01

With his invention of the spectroheliograph, showing the structure and activity of the surface of the Sun, and with his spectroscopic determination of the magnetic character of the sunspot, Hale initiated a line of research that has brought us deeper into the mysteries of the Sun with each passing decade. The flare is perhaps the most spectacular aspect of the activity, along with the more recently discovered coronal mass ejection. However, we must not overlook the spectacular revelation, by Grotrian, Edlen, and Lyot, that the outer atmosphere of the Sun has a temperature of a million or more degrees K, providing both radio and X-ray emission. It is all too often forgotten in these heady times that, while we have a number of plausible ideas about how things work, there is not yet a clear understanding of why a late main sequence star should exhibit such effects. Magnetic fields generated by some form of MHD dynamo appear to initiate the suprathermal activity in all its many forms. The intensely fibril form of the magnetic fields seems to be a clue to the nature of the dynamo process, and the first observational priority now is to develop a 4m telescope with an adaptive optics system that can properly resolve the individual fibrils at the visible surface (0.1" or better)to determine their behavior. Indeed the nature of the sunspot, the faculae and plages,the microflare, etc. all lie at the limits of telescopic resolution. The varying brightness of the Sun seems to be a byproduct of the magnetic activity, and besides the consequences for the climate at Earth, provides another baffling clue to the puzzle. We cannot guess what further marvels will be discovered before the puzzle is resolved in hard scientific terms, but we may be certain that Hale would have been enchanted, and probably leading the charge, were he alive today.

Flexural strength and fatigue of steel fiber reinforced concrete (2004 Hale Boggs deck).

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2008-12-01

Through its history, a variety of wearing surface systems for the orthotropic steel deck of the Luling Bridge (aka Hale Boggs : Bridge) have been built and studied. The main problem with these systems was they did not last the expected service life (...

Twisting and Writhing with George Ellery Hale

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Canfield, Richard C.

2013-06-01

Early in his productive career in astronomy, George Ellery Hale developed innovative solar instrumentation that allowed him to make narrow-band images. Among the solar phenomena he discovered were sunspot vortices, which he attributed to storms akin to cyclones in our own atmosphere. Using the concept of magnetic helicity, physicists and mathematicians describe the topology of magnetic fields, including twisting and writhing. Our contemporary understanding of Hale's vortices as a consequence of large-scale twist in sunspot magnetic fields hinges on a key property of helicity: conservation. I will describe the critical role that this property plays, when applied to twist and writhe, in a fundamental aspect of global solar magnetism: the hemispheric and solar cycle dependences of active region electric currents with respect to magnetic fields. With the advent of unbroken sequences of high-resolution magnetic images, such as those presently available from the Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager on Solar Dynamics Observatory, the flux of magnetic helicity through the photosphere can be observed quantitatively. As magnetic flux tubes buoy up through the convection zone, buffeted and shredded by turbulence, they break up into fragments by repeated random bifurcation. We track these rising flux fragments in the photosphere, and calculate the flux of energy and magnetic helicity there. Using a quantitative model of coronal currents, we also track connections between these fragments to calculate the energy and magnetic helicity stored at topological interfaces that are in some ways analogous to the storage of stress at faults in the Earth's crust. Comparison of these values to solar flares and interplanetary coronal mass ejections implies that this is the primary storage mechanism for energy and magnetic helicity released in those phenomena, and suggests a useful tool for quantitative prediction of geomagnetic storms.

Chemistry in the Dusty Coma of Comet Hale-Bopp

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Boice, D. C.; Cochran, A. L.; Disanti, M. A.; Huebner, W. F.

1998-09-01

Recent progress on a multifluid, hydrodynamic model is presented for the dusty gas flow in the inner coma of comet Hale-Bopp at several heliocentric distances. The simulations are based on a 1-D neutral coma model with detailed photo and gas-phase chemistry and dust entrainment by the gas, a separate energy balance for the electrons, separate flow of the neutral gas, fast neutral atomic and molecular hydrogen, and dust entrainment with fragmentation. The model accounts for three sources of gas release: sublimation from surface ices, transport of gas from subsurface regions through the surface, and release of gas from dust in the coma. This permits a consistent study of the importance and strength of each possible source for a variety of gas-phase species. The simulations allow a study of the changes with heliocentric distance of features within a cometary coma, e.g., spatial distributions of gas-phase species and dust of various sizes and the velocity and temperature profiles. In particular, the model is used to probe spatial distributions of gas-phase species (e.g., CN, CH, C_3, C_2, HCN, HNC, CO) and dust, and the velocity and temperature structure to understand the complex gas-phase chemistry that occurs in the inner coma. Comparisons with observations are made where available to characterize the environment surrounding comet Hale-Bopp and to aid in assimilating a variety of diverse observations of this unique comet.

Geology and ground-water resources of Hale County, Texas

USGS Publications Warehouse

Cronin, J.G.; Wells, Lloyd C.

1963-01-01

It is estimated that in 1955 about 39 million acre-feet of water was in storage in the Ogallala formation in Hale County; however, only about 16 million is theoretically available to wells, and a somewhat smaller amount is practically available. About 3 million acre-feet was removed from storage during 1938-55. Water levels in wells have declined more or less steadily since 1938, and it is apparent that the ground-water resources of the county are insufficient to support large-scale perennial irrigation such as that of 1955.

Hco+ in the Coma of Comet Hale-Bopp

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lovell, A. J.; Schloerb, F. P.; Bergin, E. A.; Dickens, J. E.; De Vries, C. H.; Senay, M. C.; Irvine, W. M.

1997-05-01

Maps of comet C/1995 O1 (Hale-Bopp) in the millimeter-wave emission of the ion HCO^+ revealed a local minimum near the nucleus position, with a maximum about 100,000 km in the antisolar direction. These observed features of the HCO^+ emission require a low abundance of HCO^+ due to enhanced destruction in the inner coma of the comet, within a region of low electron temperature (T_e). To set constraints on the formation of HCO^+ in the coma, as well as the location and magnitude of the transition to higher T_e, the data are compared with the results of ion-molecule chemistry models.

HCO+ in the coma of comet Hale-Bopp

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Lovell, A. J.; Schloerb, F. P.; Bergin, E. A.; Dickens, J. E.; Devries, C. H.; Senay, M. C.; Irvine, W. M.; Ferris, J. P. (Principal Investigator)

1997-01-01

Maps of comet C/1995 O1 (Hale-Bopp) in the millimeter-wave emission of the ion HCO+ revealed a local minimum near the nucleus position, with a maximum about 100,000 km in the antisolar direction. These observed features of the HCO+ emission require a low abundance of HCO+ due to enhanced destruction in the inner coma of the comet, within a region of low electron temperature (Te). To set constraints on the formation of HCO+ in the coma, as well as the location and magnitude of the transition to higher Te, the data are compared with the results of ion-molecule chemistry models.

Sources of Gullies in Hale Crater

NASA Image and Video Library

2017-04-12

Color from the High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment (HiRISE) instrument onboard NASA's Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter can show mineralogical differences due to the near-infrared filter. The sources of channels on the north rim of Hale Crater show fresh blue, green, purple and light toned exposures under the the overlying reddish dust. The causes and timing of activity in channels and gullies on Mars remains an active area of research. Geologists infer the timing of different events based on what are called "superposition relationships" between different landforms. Areas like this are a puzzle. The map is projected here at a scale of 25 centimeters (9.8 inches) per pixel. [The original image scale is 25.2 centimeters (9.9 inches) per pixel (with 1 x 1 binning); objects on the order of 76 centimeters (29.9 inches) across are resolved.] North is up. https://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA21586

‘Imi Hale – The Native Hawaiian Cancer Awareness, Research, and Training Network: Second-Year Status Report

PubMed Central

Braun, Kathryn L.; Tsark, JoAnn; Ann Santos, Lorrie; Abrigo, Lehua

2010-01-01

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to describe ‘Imi Hale, a program developed and managed by Native Hawaiians to increase cancer awareness and research capacity among Native Hawaiians. This US subgroup of indigenous people of the Hawaiian islands has disproportionately high rates of cancer mortality and low rates of participation in health and research careers. Methods As a community-based research project, ‘Imi Hale spent its first year gathering data from Native Hawaiians about their cancer awareness and research priorities. These findings guide ‘Imi Hale’s community and scientific advisors, a community-based Institutional Review Board, Na Liko Noelo (budding researchers), and staff in developing and carrying out projects that address these priority areas. Emphasis is placed on transferring skills and resources to Native Hawaiians through training, technical assistance, and mentorship. A biennial survey assesses the extent to which community-based participatory research principles are being followed. Principal Findings By the end of the second year, statewide and island-specific awareness plans were produced, and 9 funded awareness projects are supporting the development and dissemination of Hawaiian health education materials. Research accomplishments include the enrollment of 42 Native Hawaiian Na Liko Noelo (budding researchers), 22 of which are involved in 14 funded research projects. The biennial evaluation survey found that 92% of our advisors felt that ‘Imi Hale was promoting scientifically rigorous research that was culturally appropriate and respectful of Native Hawaiian beliefs, and 96% felt that ‘Imi Hale was following its own principles of community-based participatory research. Conclusion ‘Imi Hale’s community-based approach to promoting cancer awareness will result in a sustainable infrastructure for reducing the cancer burden on Native Hawaiians. PMID:15352771

Multispectral study of CO production from C/1995 O1 (Hale-Bopp)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Harris, W. M.; Nordsieck, K. H.; Scherb, F.; Mierkiwicz, E. J.; Morgenthaler, J. P.; Oliversen, R. J.

1998-09-01

A series of unique observartions of CO and its daughter products that were obtained simultaneously as part of the University of Wisconsin/Goddard Space Flight Center Hale-Bopp campaign are presented. CO is the second most abundant volatile species in the coma of comets, one that actually dominates production at large heliocentric distances, however its photchemical evolution is poorly understood due to the lack of good emission line tracers in the visible. On 8 April, 1997, we obtained wide field simultaneous observations of CI (1657 Angstroms) intensity and polarization from a sounding rocket, OI (6300 Angstroms) emission using the Wisconsin Hα Mapper (WHaM) facility, and measurements using the McMath-Pierce Solar telescope of CI (9850 Angstroms) emission at different points in the inner coma. Combined, these data contain information on the radial distribution, source function, equilibrium structure, photochemical lifetime of CO, and the outflow speed of its C and O daughter products. Combined, these results suggest rapid dissociation of CO in the collisionally thick inner coma of Hale-Bopp, followed by a high velocity outflow of the daughter products. Both results suggest some discrepancies with expectations, and we discuss their implications.

Sarah J. Hale High School Project BEAM-UP, 1985-86. OEA Evaluation Report.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

New York City Board of Education, Brooklyn, NY. Office of Educational Evaluation.

Project BEAM-UP offers English as a second language (ESL), native language arts, and bilingual content-area instruction to students of limited English proficiency (LEP) in grades 9 through 12 at Sarah J. Hale High School in Brooklyn, New York. The student participants speak Spanish or Haitian Creole. The goal of the program is to help these…

Natural convection in the Hale-Shaw cell of horizontal Bridgman solidification

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Lu, Y.; Liu, J.; Zhou, Y.

1995-08-01

The numerical simulation of natural convection in the Hale-Shaw cell during horizontal Bridgman solidification reveals that the convection is present even for the very thin cell. The effects of the horizontal temperature gradient, G, thickness of the cell, H, temperature difference between the top and bottom of the cell, and other parameters have been studied. These findings have been confirmed by experiments through direct observation and measurement of convection in the cell containing succinonitrile transparent model alloy.

Essayists, essays, and hosts: Daniel Hale Williams Medical Reading Club.

PubMed Central

Greene Reed, T.; Evans, C. C.

1996-01-01

The 66-year-old Daniel Hale Williams Medical Reading Club is an independent reading club comprised of 65 physicians in the metropolitan Washington, DC, area. Members representing all specialty fields meet six times a year for dinner and fellowship, to consider topics of common interest to the profession, and to hear a prepared lecture given by a featured essayist. Club members take turns as hosts for each meeting. This article gives a historical list of these meetings, naming the essayist and the topic, the hosts, and the site of the meetings. PMID:8918074

Sarah J. Hale High School, Project BECOME. O.E.E. Evaluation Report, 1982-1983.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bulkin, Elly; Sica, Michael

Project BECOME, a mainstreaming program for Hispanic and Haitian students of limited English proficiency, provided instruction in ESL and native language studies, as well as bilingual instruction in social studies, mathematics, science, and typing. The program, which was implemented at Sarah J. Hale High School (located in downtown Brooklyn, New…

Neutral Atomic Emissions from Comet Hale-Bopp

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Oliversen, R. J.; Scherb, F.; Roesler, F. L.; Mierkiewicz, E. J.; Woodward, R. C.; Hilton, G. M.; Doane, N. E.

1997-07-01

High resolution (R=100,000) spectra of atomic oxygen, hydrogen, and carbon from Comet Hale-Bopp were obtained at the NSO McMath-Pierce main telescope from February 8 to April 19, 1997, using a 50 mm dual-etalon Fabry-Perot/CCD spectrometer. The field of view was 6 arcmin. Spectra with good signal-to-noise were obtained for the emission lines [O I] 6300 Angstroms, Hα (6563 Angstroms), and [C I] 9850 Angstroms. On several of these nights, complementary [O I] 6300 Angstroms observations were simultaneously obtained with the Wisconsin Hα Mapper (WHα M) at Kitt Peak. Additional [O I] 6300 Angstroms observations were also obtained in September 1996. These [C I] 9850 Angstroms observations are the first extensive data set of this cometary line. We will present an overview of our observations and preliminary results.

An Integrated Modeling Study for Coordinated Observations of H, O, OH, and H2O(+) Emissions in the Coma and Ion Tail of the Comet Hale-Bopp

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Smyth, William H.

2001-01-01

This project has two overall objectives. One objective is to advance our general understanding of both the comet neutral atmosphere and the cometary plasma in the atmosphere and ion tall. The other objective is to obtain specific key information about comet Hale-Bopp that is generally important for Hale-Bopp studies. The primary emphasis in this project is to analyze, in a self-consistent manner, excellent quality high resolution image and line profile observations obtained by the University of Wisconsin for H, O, OH, and H2O+ emissions from the inner coma, outer coma, and ion tail of Hale-Bopp. The information on the spatial and velocity distributions of H2O neutral and ionized photo-products in the inner coma, outer coma, and in the H2O+ ion tail is of substantial and direct importance in the development of an integrated understanding of the complex structure and dynamics of the neutral and plasma species in the atmosphere of Hale-Bopp in particular and comets in general. The H2O production rate of Hale-Bopp is determined and, together with the other information related to the structure and dynamics of the neutral and plasma atmospheres obtained in this study, provide critical information important for a wide variety of research conducted by other groups.

Aaron Douglas and Hale Woodruff: African American Art Education, Gallery Work, and Expanded Pedagogy

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bey, Sharif

2011-01-01

This analysis of archival materials discovered at Fisk and Atlanta Universities examines the teaching careers of Aaron Douglas and Hale Woodruff, two African American artists who came to prominence during the New Negro Movement in the 1920s and taught at historically Black universities in the 1930s and 1940s. These artists had a profound influence…

Sarah J. Hale High School. Project BECOME. O.E.E. Evaluation Report, 1981-1982.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Torres, Judith A.; And Others

Project BECOME at Sarah J. Hale High School in Brooklyn, New York, was designed to provide instruction in English as a second language and in native language arts, as well as bilingual instruction in social studies, mathematics, and science, for Hispanic and Haitian high school students of limited English proficiency. In 1981-82, the second year…

Activity of Comet Hale-Bopp (1995 01) Beyond 6 AU From the Sun

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Sekanina, Z.

1996-01-01

The physical evolution of comet Hale-Bopp is investigated along the preperihelic arc of its orbit at heliocentric distances larger than 6 AU. The comet's considerable intrinsic brightness and activity are explained by the existence of a relatively larg area on its nucleus surface that is a resevoir of both carbon monoxide and dust particulates. Three recuring dust emission events observed in August-October 1995 are studied in some detail.

Flexural strength and fatigue of steel fiber reinforced concrete (SFRC) (2004 Hale Boggs Deck) : technical summary report.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2009-12-01

The Luling Bridge (Hale Boggs Memorial Bridge) traverses the Mississippi River in St. Charles : Parish, Louisiana. It was one of the first cable-stayed bridges in the United States and opened to : traffic in 1983. Unique to its design are relatively ...

Coordinated Observations of Comet Hale-Bopp between 32 and 860 GHz

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bieging, J. H.; Mauersberger, R.; Altenhoff, W. J.; Haslam, C. G. T.; Kreysa, E.; Schmidt, J.; Schraml, J. B.; Stumpff, P.; von Kap-Herr, A.; Butler, B.; McMullin, J.; Butner, H. M.; Martin, R. N.; Muders, D.; Peters, W. L.; Sievers, A.; Thum, C.; Wink, J.; Zylka, R.

1997-12-01

The concept of simultaneous multifrequency continuum observations, successfully tested on Comet Hyakutake, was applied to Comet Hale-Bopp, using the Heinrich Hertz Submillimeter Telescope (HHT) with the four color bolometer between 250 and 870 GHz; the IRAM 30m telescope at 250 GHz; the IRAM Plateau de Bure Interferometer near 90 and 240 GHz; and the MPIfR 100m telescope at 32 GHz. Near-simultaneous measurements were done between 1997 February 15 and 1997 April 26, mainly concentrated in mid-March shortly before perigee of the comet. The measurements gave the following preliminary results: (a) interferometer detection of the nuclear continuum emission. The derived mean diameter is of the order of 50 km. (b) a radio halo with a gaussian HPW of ~ 11 arcsec , corresponding to a diameter of 11000 km at geocentric distance of 1.2 A.U. (c) a spectral index (SI) of ~ 3.0 of the total signal, indicating a particle size distribution in the radio halo between 0.1 and 3 mm. Assuming an average cometary density of 0.5 g cm(-3) , the mass contained in the nucleus is about 3x 10(19) g and 10(12) g in the particle halo, inferred from the SI. A more detailed analysis is under way, which includes corrections for the various calibration scales at the different telescopes and the possible contamination of the observed bolometer signal by molecular line emission. We will report on the results of this analysis and the implications for the mm -- submm wavelength radio spectrum of Comet Hale-Bopp.

Autumn Afternoon in Hale Crater

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2000-01-01

The seasons on Mars and Earth are anti-correlated at present: days are getting shorter and shadows are getting longer as autumn end sand the beginning of winter draws nearer in the martian southern hemisphere, just as the same is occurring in Earth's northern hemisphere. Long shadows are especially prominent in this high resolution view of mountains forming part of the central peaks of Hale Crater (left), a 136 kilometer-(85 mile)-diameter impact crater at 36oS, 37oW. The two pictures were taken simultaneously by the Mars Global Surveyor Mars Orbiter Camera on November 10, 2000. The sun illuminates the scene from the northwest (upper left)about 22o above the horizon. Knowing the sun angle and the length of the longest shadow (1.6 km; 1.0 mi), the height of the largest peak in the high resolution view (right) is about 630 meters (2,070 ft) above the crater floor. Sand dunes blanket the middle portion of the high resolution view, and small gullies--possibly carved by water--can be seen on the slopes of some of the peaks at the upper left. Winter in the southern hemisphere will begin in mid-December 2000. The high resolution view covers an area 3 km (1.9 mi) wide at a full-resolution scale of 3 meters (9.8 ft) per pixel.

The Detection of Water Ice in Comet Hale-Bopp

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Davies, John K.; Roush, Ted L.; Cruikshank, Dale P.; Bartholomew, Mary Jane; Geballe, Thomas R.; Owen, Tobias

1996-01-01

We present spectra of Comet Hale-Bopp (C/1995 01) covering the range 1.4-2.5 micron that were recorded when the comet was 7 AU from the Sun. These show I)road absorption features at 1.5 and 2.05 micron. We show that some, but not all, of this absorption could be matched by an intimate mixture of water ice and a low albedo material such as carbon on the nucleus. However, we recognize that it is more likely that the ice features are produced by scattering from icy grains in the coma. The absence of absorption at 1.65 micron suggests that this ice is probably in the amorphous state. An unidentified additional component may be required to account for the downward slope at the longwavelength end of the spectrum.

Haser Scalelengths for Comet Hale--Bopp (1995 O1) Between 3.5 to 0.92 AU

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Baugh, N. F.; Schleicher, D. G.

2003-05-01

During a four-year interval, more than 90 nights of narrowband photometry were obtained of Comet Hale--Bopp (1995 O1) from the Lowell and Perth Observatories. Because these observations cover an extremely large range of heliocentric distances (r), the variation of gas production rates with r can be used to probe each species' release from the nucleus as a function of solar illumination and temperature. Unfortunately, Hale-Bopp's very high total gas production when it was closer than about 2-3 AU from the Sun resulted in unusually high gas outflow velocities as compared to other comets. Therefore, canonical scalelengths do not adequately reproduce the spatial distribution of the observed gas species, OH, NH, CN, C2, and C3, at small r. Based on narrowband images obtained at perihelion, Schleicher et al. (1999, BAAS 31, 1128) determined that most species' parent and daughter Haser scalelengths needed to be increased by 2-3x the canonical values to reproduce the bulk radial fall-off for each gas species, yielding perihelion production rates 1.1-3.6x larger than otherwise calculated, with water exhibiting the largest correction. So that the entire Lowell/Perth dataset can be reduced to absolute production rates, we have now begun an effort to determine appropriate scalelengths for Hale-Bopp between about 3.5 AU and perihelion, which can be combined with the recently reported results from modeling spatial profiles beyond 2.8 AU by Rauer et al. (2003, A&A 397, 1109-1122). We anticipate reporting on preliminary findings of this investigation, including scalelengths and r-dependencies which can be used to accurately extrapolate aperture photometry measurements to total coma abundances, as well as resulting absolute gas production rates. This research is supported by NASA and the NSF REU program.

History of Solar Magnetic Fields Since George Ellery Hale

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Stenflo, J. O.

2017-09-01

As my own work on the Sun's magnetic field started exactly 50 years ago at Crimea in the USSR, I have been a participant in the field during nearly half the time span since Hale's discovery in 1908 of magnetic fields in sunspots. The present historical account is accompanied by photos from my personal slide collection, which show a number of the leading personalities who advanced the field in different areas: measurement techniques, from photographic to photoelectric and imaging methods in spectro-polarimetry; theoretical foundations of MHD and the origin of cosmic magnetic fields (birth of dynamo theory); the quest for increased angular resolution from national projects to international consortia (for instruments both on ground and in space); introduction of the Hanle effect in astrophysics and the Second Solar Spectrum as its playground; small-scale nature of the field, the fundamental resolution limit, and transcending it by resolution-independent diagnostics.

A solar module fabrication process for HALE solar electric UAV's

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Carey, P. G.; Aceves, R. C.; Colella, N. J.; Williams, K. A.; Sinton, R. A.; Glenn, G. S.

1994-12-01

We describe a fabrication process used to manufacture high power-to-weight-ratio flexible solar array modules for use on high-altitude-long-endurance (HALE) solar-electric unmanned air vehicles (UAV's). These modules have achieved power-to-weight ratios of 315 and 396 W/kg for 150 micron-thick monofacial and 110 micron-thick bifacial silicon solar cells, respectively. These calculations reflect average module efficiencies of 15.3% (150 micron) and 14.7% (110 micron) obtained from electrical tests performed by Spectrolab, Inc. under AMO global conditions at 25 C, and include weight contributions from all module components (solar cells, lamination material, bypass diodes, interconnect wires, and adhesive tape used to attach the modules to the wing). The fabrication, testing, and performance of 32 sq m of these modules is described.

Hubble Images of Comet Hale-Bopp

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1998-01-01

This is a series of Hubble Space Telescope observations of the region around the nucleus of Hale-Bopp, taken on eight different dates since September 1995. They chronicle changes in the evolution of the nucleus as it moves ever closer to, and is warmed by, the sun.

The first picture in the sequence, seen at upper left shows a strong dust outburst on the comet that occurred when it was beyond the orbit of Jupiter. Images in the Fall of 1996 show multiple jets that are presumably connected to the activation of multiple vents on the surface of the nucleus.

In these false color images, taken with the Wide Field and Planetary Camera 2, the faintest regions are black, the brightest regions are white, and intermediate intensities are represented by different levels of red. All images are processed at the same spatial scale of 280 miles per pixel (470 kilometers), so the solid nucleus, no larger than 25 miles across, is far below Hubble's resolution.

The Wide Field/Planetary Camera 2 was developed by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory and managed by the Goddard Spaced Flight Center for NASA's Office of Space Science.

This image and other images and data received from the Hubble Space Telescope are posted on the World Wide Web on the Space Telescope Science Institute home page at URL http://oposite.stsci.edu/pubinfo/

Functional Requirements Document for HALE UAS Operations in the NAS: Step 1. Version 3

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2006-01-01

The purpose of this Functional Requirements Document (FRD) is to compile the functional requirements needed to achieve the Access 5 Vision of "operating High Altitude, Long Endurance (HALE) Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) routinely, safely, and reliably in the national airspace system (NAS)" for Step 1. These functional requirements could support the development of a minimum set of policies, procedures and standards by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) and various standards organizations. It is envisioned that this comprehensive body of work will enable the FAA to establish and approve regulations to govern safe operation of UAS in the NAS on a routine or daily "file and fly" basis. The approach used to derive the functional requirements found within this FRD was to decompose the operational requirements and objectives identified within the Access 5 Concept of Operations (CONOPS) into the functions needed to routinely and safely operate a HALE UAS in the NAS. As a result, four major functional areas evolved to enable routine and safe UAS operations for an on-demand basis in the NAS. These four major functions are: Aviate, Navigate, Communicate, and Avoid Hazards. All of the functional requirements within this document can be directly traceable to one of these four major functions. Some functions, however, are traceable to several, or even all, of these four major functions. These cross-cutting functional requirements support the "Command / Control: function as well as the "Manage Contingencies" function. The requirements associated to these high-level functions and all of their supporting low-level functions are addressed in subsequent sections of this document.

The Gas Production Rate and Coma Structure of Comet C/1995 O1 (Hale-Bopp)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Morgenthaler, Jeffrey P.; Harris, Walter M.; Roesler, Frederick L.; Scherb, Frank; Anderson, Christopher M.; Doane, Nathaniel E.; Oliversen, Ronald J.

2002-06-01

The University of Wisconsin-Madison and NASA-Goddard conducted acomprehensive multi-wavelength observing campaign of coma emissionsfrom comet Hale-Bopp, including OH 3080 Å, [O I] 6300 Å H2O+ 6158 Å, H Balmer-α 6563 Å, NH2 6330 Å, [C I] 9850 ÅCN 3879 Å, C2 5141 Å, C3 4062 Å,C I 1657 Å, and the UV and optical continua. In thiswork, we concentrate on the results of the H2O daughter studies.Our wide-field OH 3080 Å measured flux agrees with other, similarobservations and the expected value calculated from published waterproduction rates using standard H2O and OH photochemistry.However, the total [O I] 6300 Å flux determined spectroscopically overa similar field-of-view was a factor of 3-4 higher than expected.Narrow-band [O I] images show this excess came from beyond theH2O scale length, suggesting either a previously unknown source of[O I] or an error in the standard OH + ν→ O(1 D) + H branching ratio. The Hale-Bopp OH and[O I] distributions, both of which were imaged tocometocentric distances >1 × 106 km, were more spatiallyextended than those of comet Halley (after correcting for brightnessdifferences), suggesting a higher bulk outflow velocity. Evidence ofthe driving mechanism for this outflow is found in the Hα lineprofile, which was narrower than in comet Halley (though likelybecause of opacity effects, not as narrow as predicted by Monte-Carlomodels). This is consistent with greater collisional coupling betweenthe suprathermal H photodissociation products and Hale-Bopp's densecoma. Presumably because of mass loading of the solar wind by ionsand ions by the neutrals, the measured acceleration of H2O+ downthe ion tail was much smaller than in comet Halley. Tailwardextensions in the azimuthal distributions of OH 3080 Å,[O I], and [C I] , as well as a Doppler asymmetry in the[O I] line profile, suggest ion-neutral coupling. While thetailward extension in the OH can be explained by increased neutralacceleration, the [O I] 6300 Å and [C I] 9850 �

The Gas Production Rate and Coma Structure of Comet C/1995 01 (Hale-Bopp)

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Morgenthaler, Jeffrey P.; Harris, Walter M.; Roesler, Frederick L.; Scherb, Frank; Anderson, Christopher M.; Doane, Nathaniel E.; Oliversen, Ronald J.

2002-01-01

The University of Wisconsin-Madison and NASA-Goddard conducted a comprehensive multi-wavelength observing campaign of coma emissions from comet Hale-Bopp, including OH 3080 A, [O I] 6300 A, H2O(+) 6158 A, H Balmer-alpha 6563 A, NH2 6330 A, [C I] 9850 A CN 3879 A, C2 5141 A, C3 4062 A, C I 1657 A, and the UV and optical continua. In this work, we concentrate on the results of the H2O daughter studies. Our wide-field OH 3080 A measured flux agrees with other, similar observations and the expected value calculated from published water production rates using standard H2O and OH photochemistry. However, the total [O I] 6300 A flux determined spectroscopically over a similar field-of-view was a factor of 3 - 4 higher than expected. Narrow-band [O I] images show this excess came from beyond the H2O scale length, suggesting either a previously unknown source of [O I] or an error in the standard OH + upsilon to O((sup I)D) + H branching ratio. The Hale-Bopp OH and [O I] distributions, both of which were imaged to cometocentric distances greater than 1 x 10(exp 6) km, were more spatially extended than those of comet Halley (after correcting for brightness differences), suggesting a higher bulk outflow velocity. Evidence of the driving mechanism for this outflow is found in the H(alpha) line profile, which was narrower than in comet Halley (though likely because of opacity effects, not as narrow as predicted by Monte-Carlo models). This is consistent with greater collisional coupling between the suprathermal H photodissociation products and Hale-Bopp's dense coma. Presumably because of mass loading of the solar wind by ions and ions by the neutrals, the measured acceleration of H2O(+) down the ion tail was much smaller than in comet Halley. Tailward extensions in the azimuthal distributions of OH 3080 A, [O I], and [C I], as well as a Doppler asymmetry in the [O I] line profile, suggest ion-neutral coupling. While the tailward extension in the OH can be explained by increased

Disability-Adjusted Life-Years (DALYs) for 315 Diseases and Injuries and Healthy Life Expectancy (HALE) in Iran and its Neighboring Countries, 1990-2015: Findings from Global Burden of Disease Study 2015.

PubMed

Sepanlou, Sadaf G; Parsaeian, Mahboubeh; Krohn, Kristopher J; Afshin, Ashkan; Farzadfar, Farshad; Roshandel, Gholamreza; Karimkhani, Chante; Bazargan-Hejazi, Sharzad; Kiadaliri, Aliasghar Ahmad; Ahmadieh, Hamid; Djalalinia, Shirin; Ebrahimi, Hedyeh; Eshrati, Babak; Esteghamati, Ali Reza; Farvid, Maryam S; Fereshtehnejad, Seyed-Mohammad; Hafezi-Nejad, Nima; Hassanvand, Mohammad Sadegh; Heydarpour, Pouria; Islami, Farhad; Karimi, Seyed M; Katibeh, Marzieh; Khosravi, Ardeshir; Khubchandani, Jagdish; Mahdavi, Mahdi; Pishgar, Farhad; Qorbani, Mostafa; Rahimi-Movaghar, Vafa; Safi, Sare; Sahraian, Mohammad Ali; Shahraz, Saeid; Sheikhbahaei, Sara; Mohammadi, Alireza; Mokdad, Ali H; Vos, Theo; Murray, Christopher J L; Moradi-Lakeh, Maziar; Naghavi, Mohsen; Malekzadeh, Reza

2017-07-01

Summary measures of health are essential in making estimates of health status that are comparable across time and place. They can be used for assessing the performance of health systems, informing effective policy making, and monitoring the progress of nations toward achievement of sustainable development goals. The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2015 (GBD 2015) provides disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) and healthy life expectancy (HALE) as main summary measures of health. We assessed the trends of health status in Iran and 15 neighboring countries using these summary measures. We used the results of GBD 2015 to present the levels and trends of DALYs, life expectancy (LE), and HALE in Iran and its 15 neighboring countries from 1990 to 2015. For each country, we assessed the ratio of observed levels of DALYs and HALE to those expected based on socio-demographic index (SDI), an indicator composed of measures of total fertility rate, income per capita, and average years of schooling. All-age numbers of DALYs reached over 19 million years in Iran in 2015. The all-age number of DALYs has remained stable during the past two decades in Iran, despite the decreasing trends in all-age and age-standardized rates. The all-cause DALY rates decreased from 47,200 in 1990 to 28,400 per 100,000 in 2015. The share of non-communicable diseases in DALYs increased in Iran (from 42% to 74%) and all of its neighbors between 1990 and 2015; the pattern of change is similar in almost all 16 countries. The DALY rates for NCDs and injuries in Iran were higher than global rates and the average rate in High Middle SDI countries, while those for communicable, maternal, neonatal, and nutritional disorders were much lower in Iran. Among men, cardiovascular diseases ranked first in all countries of the region except for Bahrain. Among women, they ranked first in 13 countries. Life expectancy and HALE show a consistent increase in all countries. Still, there are

Demonstration of Advanced Geophysics and Classification Methods on Munitions Response Sites - East Fork Valley Range Complex, Former Camp Hale

DTIC Science & Technology

2016-04-01

with cores of igneous and metamorphic rocks flanked by steeply dipping sedimentary rocks . The valley floors range in elevation from about 9,310 to...Camp Hale, East Fork Valley Range Complex Munitions Response Site. This project is one in a series of projects funded by ESTCP to use advanced...Technology Certification Program ft Feet FUDS Formerly Used Defense Site GPS Global Positioning System ID Identification IMU Inertial Measurement Unit

Animation of Site of Seasonal Flows in Hale Crater, Mars

NASA Image and Video Library

2015-09-28

This frame from an animation simulates a fly-around look at one of the places on Mars where dark streaks advance down slopes during warm seasons, possibly involving liquid water. The streaks are roughly the length of a football field. The imaging and topographical information used in this false-color animation come from the High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment (HiRISE) camera on NASA's Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter. These dark features on the slopes are called "recurring slope lineae" or RSL. Planetary scientists using observations with the Compact Reconnaissance Imaging Spectrometer on the same orbiter detected hydrated salts on these slopes at Hale Crater, corroborating the hypothesis that the streaks are formed by briny liquid water. The image was produced by first creating a 3-D computer model (a digital terrain map) of the area based on stereo information from two HiRISE observations, and then draping a false-color image over the land-shape model. The vertical dimension is exaggerated by a factor of 1.5 compared to horizontal dimensions. http://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA19919

HALE UAS Command and Control Communications: Step 1 - Functional Requirements Document. Version 4.0

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2006-01-01

The High Altitude Long Endurance (HALE) unmanned aircraft system (UAS) communicates with an off-board pilot-in-command in all flight phases via the C2 data link, making it a critical component for the UA to fly in the NAS safely and routinely. This is a new requirement in current FAA communications planning and monitoring processes. This document provides a set of comprehensive C2 communications functional requirements and performance guidelines to help facilitate the future FAA certification process for civil UAS to operate in the NAS. The objective of the guidelines is to provide the ability to validate the functional requirements and in future be used to develop performance-level requirements.

Silicate Mineralogy of the Dust in the Inner Coma of Comet C/1995 01 (Hale-Bopp) Pre- and Post-Perihelion

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Wooden, Diane H.; Harker, David E.; Woodward, Charles E.; Butner, Harold M.; Koike, Chiyoe; Witteborn, Fred C.; McMurtry, Craig M.

1998-01-01

We present 7.6 - 13.3 microns infrared (IR) spectrophotometry (R approx. = 180 - 350) of the 10 microns silicate emission from dust in the inner coma (i.e., within a diameter of 3in.) of comet C/1995 O1 (Hale-Bopp) at four temporal epochs from 1996 October through 1997 June during Hale-Bopp s approach to, arrival at, and recession from perihelion. The HIFOGS spectra at large heliocentric distances exhibit strong emission peaks from 9.9 - 10.1 microns and at 11.2 microns. The HIFOGS spectra of Hale-Bopp taken 1996 October 07 - 14 UT are identical in shape to the ISO SWS spectrum at 2.8 AU obtained on 1996 October 06 UT. Magnesium-rich olivine was unambiguously identified due to presence of the expected 11.2 microns peak along with the matching far-IR 18 microns, 23 microns, and 33 microns peaks in the ISO SWS spectrum. In contrast, to large heliocentric distances, we find that the silicate feature at small heliocentric distances (tau(sub lambda) less than or = 1.7 AU) exhibits strong peaks at 9.3 microns, 9.9 - 10.1 microns, and 11.2 microns, and weak at 10.5 microns and 11.8 microns. We will show that the dramatic increase of the 9.3 microns and 10.0 microns peaks close to perihelion leads to the hypothesis that there are two crystalline grain components with significantly different temperatures. The hotter mineral species (including olivines) radiate over a large range of heliocentric distances at detectable leve!s. The cooler mineral species (pyroxenes) radiate on the Wien side of the blackbody, too faint to detect in the mid-infrared spectra, until close to the sun when this species radiates on the Reyleigh-Jeans tail and becomes apparent. Decomposition of the observed silicate emission features into mineral components through comparison of the height and shape of the silicate feature ("Flux/cont") derived from the cometary spectra, to optical extinctions (Qext) derived from laboratory measurements of terrestrial silicate minerals and interplanetary dust

PALM-3000: EXOPLANET ADAPTIVE OPTICS FOR THE 5 m HALE TELESCOPE

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Dekany, Richard; Bouchez, Antonin; Baranec, Christoph

2013-10-20

We describe and report first results from PALM-3000, the second-generation astronomical adaptive optics (AO) facility for the 5.1 m Hale telescope at Palomar Observatory. PALM-3000 has been engineered for high-contrast imaging and emission spectroscopy of brown dwarfs and large planetary mass bodies at near-infrared wavelengths around bright stars, but also supports general natural guide star use to V ≈ 17. Using its unique 66 × 66 actuator deformable mirror, PALM-3000 has thus far demonstrated residual wavefront errors of 141 nm rms under ∼1'' seeing conditions. PALM-3000 can provide phase conjugation correction over a 6.''4 × 6.''4 working region at λmore » = 2.2 μm, or full electric field (amplitude and phase) correction over approximately one-half of this field. With optimized back-end instrumentation, PALM-3000 is designed to enable 10{sup –7} contrast at 1'' angular separation, including post-observation speckle suppression processing. While continued optimization of the AO system is ongoing, we have already successfully commissioned five back-end instruments and begun a major exoplanet characterization survey, Project 1640.« less

Fabry-Perot Observations of Comet Hale-Bopp H_2O(+) Velocity Fields

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Roesler, F. L.; Klinglesmith, D. A., III; Scherb, F.; Mierkiewicz, E. J.; Oliversen, R. J.

1997-07-01

We have obtained Doppler-sliced images of H_2O(+) emission from Comet Hale-Bopp, using a 15-cm, dual-etalon, Fabry-Perot/CCD imaging spectrometer at the McMath-Pierce 0.8-meter west auxiliary telescope of the National Solar Observatory on Kitt Peak. The 6-arcmin field of view was centered on the comet nucleus, and the spectral resolution was 0.4 Angstroms (20km/sec). The observations consisted of ``data cubes,'' i.e., a sequence of images of the 6158 Angstroms emission doublet at velocity steps of 12.5 or 25km/sec, covering a range from -75km/sec to +75km/sec in the comet reference frame. We were able to follow the comet for 1 to 1(1/_2) hours each clear night. We obtained useable data cubes on at least ten nights between February 25 and April 16. These data are being examined to investigate the comet-solar wind interaction. We will present both still images and time-lapse movies showing sequences of ion velocities and accelerations on the plane of the sky.

Groundbased Observations of [C I] 9850A Emission from Comet Hale-Bopp

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Doane, N. E.; Oliversen, R. J.; Scherb, F.; Morgenthaler, J. P.; Roesler, F. L.; Woodward, R. C.; Harris, W. M.; Hilton, G. M.

1999-05-01

High spectral resolution observations of Comet Hale-Bopp [C I] 9850A emission were obtained at the NSO McMath-Pierce main telescope on 13 nights during 1997 March 9 to 10 and April 7 to 19. Spectra with good signal-to-noise were obtained using a dual- etalon 50mm Fabry-Perot spectrometer (R 40,000) with a 6 arcmin field of view. The comet was observed over a 0.92-1.00 AU range of heliocentric distances. Most observations were centered on the comet nucleus where the surface brightness ranged from about 70 to 170 Rayleighs. Several observations were also centered approximately 5 arcmin sunward and tailward of the comet nucleus. The sunward [C I] emission was fainter than the tailward emission. Assuming that CO photodissociation is the source of cometary C(1D) (and neglecting quenching), for a surface brightness of 120 Rayleighs, we estimate a (lower limit) CO production rate of about 2x10(30) per sec. These [C I] observationsare the first extensive set reported for this cometary emission line.

Global, regional, and national disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) for 333 diseases and injuries and healthy life expectancy (HALE) for 195 countries and territories, 1990-2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016.

PubMed

2017-09-16

Measurement of changes in health across locations is useful to compare and contrast changing epidemiological patterns against health system performance and identify specific needs for resource allocation in research, policy development, and programme decision making. Using the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2016, we drew from two widely used summary measures to monitor such changes in population health: disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) and healthy life expectancy (HALE). We used these measures to track trends and benchmark progress compared with expected trends on the basis of the Socio-demographic Index (SDI). We used results from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2016 for all-cause mortality, cause-specific mortality, and non-fatal disease burden to derive HALE and DALYs by sex for 195 countries and territories from 1990 to 2016. We calculated DALYs by summing years of life lost and years of life lived with disability for each location, age group, sex, and year. We estimated HALE using age-specific death rates and years of life lived with disability per capita. We explored how DALYs and HALE differed from expected trends when compared with the SDI: the geometric mean of income per person, educational attainment in the population older than age 15 years, and total fertility rate. The highest globally observed HALE at birth for both women and men was in Singapore, at 75·2 years (95% uncertainty interval 71·9-78·6) for females and 72·0 years (68·8-75·1) for males. The lowest for females was in the Central African Republic (45·6 years [42·0-49·5]) and for males was in Lesotho (41·5 years [39·0-44·0]). From 1990 to 2016, global HALE increased by an average of 6·24 years (5·97-6·48) for both sexes combined. Global HALE increased by 6·04 years (5·74-6·27) for males and 6·49 years (6·08-6·77) for females, whereas HALE at age 65 years increased by 1·78 years (1·61-1·93) for males and

Dust Activity of Comet Hale-Bopp (C/1995 O1) at Rh ~ 3 AU

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tozzi, G. P.; Mannucci, F.; Stanga, R.; Testi, L.

1997-07-01

Observations of comet Hale-Bopp (C/1995 O1) have been performed in the infrared (J, H, K bands) at the Nordic Optical Telescope (NOT), located on Canary islands, with the ARNICA (ARcetri Near Infrared CAmera). The comet was observed during two periods, at the beginning and the end of September 1996, when the comet was at heliocentric distances rh of ~ 3.3 and 2.9 AU, respectively. The data show a relatively large activity of the comet with production of some outbursts, the largest of which happened some time before the start of the second run (24.8 Sept.) and which may be the further evolution of the outburst detected by the HST (Weaver et al., 1997, Science 275, 1900). Here we present the analysis of the data with particular attention to the evolution of the outbursts and the photometric IR color index of the dust released.

Morfología de la Coma del Cometa Hale - Bopp

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gil-Hutton, R.; Caballero, M.; Coldwell, G.; Cañada, M.; Godoy, G.; Trozzo, C.; Gómez, G.

Para lograr comprender plenamente los procesos físicos que se desarrollan en los núcleos cometarios y obtener un modelo que explique, no sólo su actividad, sino también sus efectos sobre la coma, es necesario obtener información detallada para el mayor número de cometas posible, siendo las características más interesantes para estudiar la ubicación de las regiones activas, la presencia de jets, las tasas de producción de gas y polvo y la interacción de la coma con el viento solar. En la actualidad, con técnicas de procesamiento de imágenes y tecnología CCD se pueden obtener este tipo de datos para cometas que ingresan al sistema solar interior y estudiar, de esta manera, la morfología de sus comas, tratando de correlacionar la actividad detectada con algún modelo teórico. En este trabajo se presenta un estudio parcial de la actividad desarrollada por el cometa Hale-Bopp, y sus efectos sobre la morfología de su coma, desde agosto de 1995 hasta la fecha en base a imágenes adquiridas con el telescopio de 0.76 m. de la Estación Astronómica Dr. Carlos Ulrrico Cesco.

Gullies at the Edge of Hale Crater, Mars

NASA Image and Video Library

2009-09-02

This image from the High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment (HiRISE) camera on NASA's Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter shows gullies near the edge of Hale crater on southern Mars. The view covers an area about 1 kilometer (0.6 mile) across and was taken on Aug. 3, 2009. Martian gullies carved into hill slopes and the walls of impact craters were discovered several years ago. Scientists are excited to study these features because, on Earth, they usually form through the action of liquid water -- long thought to be absent on the Martian surface. Whether liquid water carves gullies under today's cold and dry conditions on Mars is a major question that planetary scientists are trying to answer. The gullies pictured here are examples of what a typical Martian gully looks like. You can see wide V-shaped channels running downhill (from top to bottom) where the material that carved the gully flowed. At the bottom of the channel this material empties out onto a fan-shaped mound. The fans from each gully overlap one other in complicated ways. At the tops of the channels, large amphitheater-shaped alcoves are carved in the rock. The material removed from these alcoves likely flowed downhill to the aprons through the gullies. The terrain in this image is at 36.5 degrees south latitude, 322.7 degrees east longitude. Gullies at this site are especially interesting because scientists recently discovered actively changing examples at similar locations. Images separated by several years showed changes in the appearance of some of these gullies. Today, planetary scientists are using the HiRISE camera to examine gullies such as the one in this image for change that might provide a clue about whether liquid water occurs on the surface of Mars. http://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA12194

Production, Outflow Velocity, and Radial Distribution of H2O and OH in the Coma of Comet C/1995 O1 [Hale-Bopp] from Wide Field Imaging of OH

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Harris, Walter M.; Scherb, Frank; Mierkiewicz, Edwin; Oliverson, Ronald; Morgenthaler, Jeffrey

2003-01-01

Observations of OH are a useful proxy of the water production rate (Q(sub H2O)) and outflow velocity (V(sub out)) in comets. From wide field images taken on 03/28/1997 and 04/08/1997 that capture the entire scale length of the OH coma of comet C/1995 O1 (Hale-Bopp), we obtain Q(sub H2O) from the model-independent method of aperture summation. With an adaptive ring summation algorithm, we extract the radial brightness distribution of OH 0-0 band emission out to cometocentric distances of up to 10(exp 6) km, both as azimuthal averages and in quadrants covering different position angles relative to the comet-Sun line. These profiles are fit using both fixed and variable velocity 2-component spherical expansion models to estimate V(sub OH) with increasing distance from the nucleus. The OH coma of Hale-Bopp was more spatially extended than previous comets, and this extension is best matched by a variable acceleration of H2O and OH that acted across the entire coma, but was strongest within 1-2 x 10(exp 4) km from the nucleus. Our models indicate that V(sub OH) at the edge of our detectable field of view (10(exp 6) km) was approx. 2-3 times greater in Hale-Bopp than for a 1P/Halley-class comet at 1 AU, which is consistent with the results of more sophisticated gas-kinetic models, extrapolation from previous observations of OH in comets with Q(sub H2O) greater than 10(exp 29)/s , and direct radio measurements of the outer coma Hale-Bopp OH velocity. The most probable source of this acceleration is thermalization of the excess energy of dissociation of H2O and OH over an extended collisional coma. When the coma is broken down by quadrants in position angle, we find an azimuthal asymmetry in the radial distribution that is characterized by an increase in the spatial extent of OH in the region between the orbit-trailing and anti-sunward directions. Model fits specific to this area and comparison with radio OH measurements suggest greater acceleration here, with V(sub OH

An Early Investigation Of The Striated Tail Of Comet Hale-Bopp (C/1995 O1)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Pittichová, J.; Sekanina, Z.; Birkle, K.; Boehnhardt, H.; Engels, D.; Keller, P.

1997-07-01

The Sekanina-Farrell particle fragmentation model for the striated tails of dust comets is successfully applied to two images of comet Hale-Bopp to study the motions of 12 striae in a time span of March 12 15, 1997. There is evidence for recurring outbursts with a periodicity of 11h21m, consistent with results based on analysis of dust jets. The ejecta in all the striae appear to have been released from one source on the nucleus between the end of January and the second half of February 1997, some 60 to 40 days before perihelion. The parent particles were subjected to a radiation pressure acceleration of βp ≃ 0.55 and their fragmentation lifetimes in 11 of the 12 striae were practically constant and equal to 13 15 days, when normalized to 1 AU from the Sun. Brief analysis of Watanabe et al.'s measurements of striae on their images from March 5 9, 1997 shows even shorter fragmentation lifetimes for the parent particles, mostly about 7 11 days at1 AU.

Production, Outflow Velocity, and Radial Distribution of H2O and OH in the Coma of Comet C/1995 O1 [Hale-Bopp] from Wide Field Imaging of OH

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Harris, Walter M.; Scherb, Frank; Mierkiewicz, Edwin; Oliversen, Ronald; Morgenthaler, Jeffrey

2001-01-01

Observations of OH are a useful proxy of the water production rate (Q(sub H2O)) and outflow velocity (V(sub out)) in comets. We use wide field images taken on 03/28/1997 and 04/08/1997 that capture the entire scale length of the OH coma of comet C/1995O1 (Hale-Bopp) to obtain Q(sub H2O) from the model-independent method of aperture summation. We also extract the radial brightness profile of OH 3080 angstroms out to cometocentric distances of up to 10(exp 6) km using an adaptive ring summation algorithm. Radial profiles are obtained as azimuthal averages and in quadrants covering different position angles relative to the comet-Sun line. These profiles are fit using both fixed and variable velocity two-component spherical expansion models to determine VOH with increasing distance from the nucleus. The OH coma of Hale-Bopp was more spatially extended than in previous comets, and this extension is best matched by a variable acceleration of H2O and OH that acted across the entire coma, but was strongest within 1-2 x 10(exp 4) km from the nucleus. This acceleration led to VOH at 10(exp 6) km that was 2-3 times greater than that obtained from a 1P/Halleytype comet at 1 AU, a result that is consistent with gas-kinetic models, extrapolation from previous observations of OH in comets with Q(sub H2O) > 10(exp 29)/s, and radio measurements of the outer coma Hale-Bopp OH velocity profile. When the coma is broken down by quadrant, we find an azimuthal asymmetry in the radial distribution that is characterized by an increase in the spatial extent of OH in the region between the orbit-trailing and anti-sunward directions. Model fits to this area and comparison with radio OH measurements suggest greater acceleration in this region, with VOH UP to 1.5 times greater at 10(exp 6) km radial distance than elsewhere in the coma.

Global, regional, and national disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) for 306 diseases and injuries and healthy life expectancy (HALE) for 188 countries, 1990-2013: quantifying the epidemiological transition.

PubMed

Murray, Christopher J L; Barber, Ryan M; Foreman, Kyle J; Abbasoglu Ozgoren, Ayse; Abd-Allah, Foad; Abera, Semaw F; Aboyans, Victor; Abraham, Jerry P; Abubakar, Ibrahim; Abu-Raddad, Laith J; Abu-Rmeileh, Niveen M; Achoki, Tom; Ackerman, Ilana N; Ademi, Zanfina; Adou, Arsène K; Adsuar, José C; Afshin, Ashkan; Agardh, Emilie E; Alam, Sayed Saidul; Alasfoor, Deena; Albittar, Mohammed I; Alegretti, Miguel A; Alemu, Zewdie A; Alfonso-Cristancho, Rafael; Alhabib, Samia; Ali, Raghib; Alla, François; Allebeck, Peter; Almazroa, Mohammad A; Alsharif, Ubai; Alvarez, Elena; Alvis-Guzman, Nelson; Amare, Azmeraw T; Ameh, Emmanuel A; Amini, Heresh; Ammar, Walid; Anderson, H Ross; Anderson, Benjamin O; Antonio, Carl Abelardo T; Anwari, Palwasha; Arnlöv, Johan; Arsic Arsenijevic, Valentina S; Artaman, Al; Asghar, Rana J; Assadi, Reza; Atkins, Lydia S; Avila, Marco A; Awuah, Baffour; Bachman, Victoria F; Badawi, Alaa; Bahit, Maria C; Balakrishnan, Kalpana; Banerjee, Amitava; Barker-Collo, Suzanne L; Barquera, Simon; Barregard, Lars; Barrero, Lope H; Basu, Arindam; Basu, Sanjay; Basulaiman, Mohammed O; Beardsley, Justin; Bedi, Neeraj; Beghi, Ettore; Bekele, Tolesa; Bell, Michelle L; Benjet, Corina; Bennett, Derrick A; Bensenor, Isabela M; Benzian, Habib; Bernabé, Eduardo; Bertozzi-Villa, Amelia; Beyene, Tariku J; Bhala, Neeraj; Bhalla, Ashish; Bhutta, Zulfiqar A; Bienhoff, Kelly; Bikbov, Boris; Biryukov, Stan; Blore, Jed D; Blosser, Christopher D; Blyth, Fiona M; Bohensky, Megan A; Bolliger, Ian W; Bora Başara, Berrak; Bornstein, Natan M; Bose, Dipan; Boufous, Soufiane; Bourne, Rupert R A; Boyers, Lindsay N; Brainin, Michael; Brayne, Carol E; Brazinova, Alexandra; Breitborde, Nicholas J K; Brenner, Hermann; Briggs, Adam D; Brooks, Peter M; Brown, Jonathan C; Brugha, Traolach S; Buchbinder, Rachelle; Buckle, Geoffrey C; Budke, Christine M; Bulchis, Anne; Bulloch, Andrew G; Campos-Nonato, Ismael R; Carabin, Hélène; Carapetis, Jonathan R; Cárdenas, Rosario; Carpenter, David O; Caso, Valeria; Castañeda-Orjuela, Carlos A; Castro, Ruben E; Catalá-López, Ferrán; Cavalleri, Fiorella; Çavlin, Alanur; Chadha, Vineet K; Chang, Jung-Chen; Charlson, Fiona J; Chen, Honglei; Chen, Wanqing; Chiang, Peggy P; Chimed-Ochir, Odgerel; Chowdhury, Rajiv; Christensen, Hanne; Christophi, Costas A; Cirillo, Massimo; Coates, Matthew M; Coffeng, Luc E; Coggeshall, Megan S; Colistro, Valentina; Colquhoun, Samantha M; Cooke, Graham S; Cooper, Cyrus; Cooper, Leslie T; Coppola, Luis M; Cortinovis, Monica; Criqui, Michael H; Crump, John A; Cuevas-Nasu, Lucia; Danawi, Hadi; Dandona, Lalit; Dandona, Rakhi; Dansereau, Emily; Dargan, Paul I; Davey, Gail; Davis, Adrian; Davitoiu, Dragos V; Dayama, Anand; De Leo, Diego; Degenhardt, Louisa; Del Pozo-Cruz, Borja; Dellavalle, Robert P; Deribe, Kebede; Derrett, Sarah; Des Jarlais, Don C; Dessalegn, Muluken; Dharmaratne, Samath D; Dherani, Mukesh K; Diaz-Torné, Cesar; Dicker, Daniel; Ding, Eric L; Dokova, Klara; Dorsey, E Ray; Driscoll, Tim R; Duan, Leilei; Duber, Herbert C; Ebel, Beth E; Edmond, Karen M; Elshrek, Yousef M; Endres, Matthias; Ermakov, Sergey P; Erskine, Holly E; Eshrati, Babak; Esteghamati, Alireza; Estep, Kara; Faraon, Emerito Jose A; Farzadfar, Farshad; Fay, Derek F; Feigin, Valery L; Felson, David T; Fereshtehnejad, Seyed-Mohammad; Fernandes, Jefferson G; Ferrari, Alize J; Fitzmaurice, Christina; Flaxman, Abraham D; Fleming, Thomas D; Foigt, Nataliya; Forouzanfar, Mohammad H; Fowkes, F Gerry R; Paleo, Urbano Fra; Franklin, Richard C; Fürst, Thomas; Gabbe, Belinda; Gaffikin, Lynne; Gankpé, Fortuné G; Geleijnse, Johanna M; Gessner, Bradford D; Gething, Peter; Gibney, Katherine B; Giroud, Maurice; Giussani, Giorgia; Gomez Dantes, Hector; Gona, Philimon; González-Medina, Diego; Gosselin, Richard A; Gotay, Carolyn C; Goto, Atsushi; Gouda, Hebe N; Graetz, Nicholas; Gugnani, Harish C; Gupta, Rahul; Gupta, Rajeev; Gutiérrez, Reyna A; Haagsma, Juanita; Hafezi-Nejad, Nima; Hagan, Holly; Halasa, Yara A; Hamadeh, Randah R; Hamavid, Hannah; Hammami, Mouhanad; Hancock, Jamie; Hankey, Graeme J; Hansen, Gillian M; Hao, Yuantao; Harb, Hilda L; Haro, Josep Maria; Havmoeller, Rasmus; Hay, Simon I; Hay, Roderick J; Heredia-Pi, Ileana B; Heuton, Kyle R; Heydarpour, Pouria; Higashi, Hideki; Hijar, Martha; Hoek, Hans W; Hoffman, Howard J; Hosgood, H Dean; Hossain, Mazeda; Hotez, Peter J; Hoy, Damian G; Hsairi, Mohamed; Hu, Guoqing; Huang, Cheng; Huang, John J; Husseini, Abdullatif; Huynh, Chantal; Iannarone, Marissa L; Iburg, Kim M; Innos, Kaire; Inoue, Manami; Islami, Farhad; Jacobsen, Kathryn H; Jarvis, Deborah L; Jassal, Simerjot K; Jee, Sun Ha; Jeemon, Panniyammakal; Jensen, Paul N; Jha, Vivekanand; Jiang, Guohong; Jiang, Ying; Jonas, Jost B; Juel, Knud; Kan, Haidong; Karch, André; Karema, Corine K; Karimkhani, Chante; Karthikeyan, Ganesan; Kassebaum, Nicholas J; Kaul, Anil; Kawakami, Norito; Kazanjan, Konstantin; Kemp, Andrew H; Kengne, Andre P; Keren, Andre; Khader, Yousef S; Khalifa, Shams Eldin A; Khan, Ejaz A; Khan, Gulfaraz; Khang, Young-Ho; Kieling, Christian; Kim, Daniel; Kim, Sungroul; Kim, Yunjin; Kinfu, Yohannes; Kinge, Jonas M; Kivipelto, Miia; Knibbs, Luke D; Knudsen, Ann Kristin; Kokubo, Yoshihiro; Kosen, Soewarta; Krishnaswami, Sanjay; Kuate Defo, Barthelemy; Kucuk Bicer, Burcu; Kuipers, Ernst J; Kulkarni, Chanda; Kulkarni, Veena S; Kumar, G Anil; Kyu, Hmwe H; Lai, Taavi; Lalloo, Ratilal; Lallukka, Tea; Lam, Hilton; Lan, Qing; Lansingh, Van C; Larsson, Anders; Lawrynowicz, Alicia E B; Leasher, Janet L; Leigh, James; Leung, Ricky; Levitz, Carly E; Li, Bin; Li, Yichong; Li, Yongmei; Lim, Stephen S; Lind, Maggie; Lipshultz, Steven E; Liu, Shiwei; Liu, Yang; Lloyd, Belinda K; Lofgren, Katherine T; Logroscino, Giancarlo; Looker, Katharine J; Lortet-Tieulent, Joannie; Lotufo, Paulo A; Lozano, Rafael; Lucas, Robyn M; Lunevicius, Raimundas; Lyons, Ronan A; Ma, Stefan; Macintyre, Michael F; Mackay, Mark T; Majdan, Marek; Malekzadeh, Reza; Marcenes, Wagner; Margolis, David J; Margono, Christopher; Marzan, Melvin B; Masci, Joseph R; Mashal, Mohammad T; Matzopoulos, Richard; Mayosi, Bongani M; Mazorodze, Tasara T; Mcgill, Neil W; Mcgrath, John J; Mckee, Martin; Mclain, Abigail; Meaney, Peter A; Medina, Catalina; Mehndiratta, Man Mohan; Mekonnen, Wubegzier; Melaku, Yohannes A; Meltzer, Michele; Memish, Ziad A; Mensah, George A; Meretoja, Atte; Mhimbira, Francis A; Micha, Renata; Miller, Ted R; Mills, Edward J; Mitchell, Philip B; Mock, Charles N; Mohamed Ibrahim, Norlinah; Mohammad, Karzan A; Mokdad, Ali H; Mola, Glen L D; Monasta, Lorenzo; Montañez Hernandez, Julio C; Montico, Marcella; Montine, Thomas J; Mooney, Meghan D; Moore, Ami R; Moradi-Lakeh, Maziar; Moran, Andrew E; Mori, Rintaro; Moschandreas, Joanna; Moturi, Wilkister N; Moyer, Madeline L; Mozaffarian, Dariush; Msemburi, William T; Mueller, Ulrich O; Mukaigawara, Mitsuru; Mullany, Erin C; Murdoch, Michele E; Murray, Joseph; Murthy, Kinnari S; Naghavi, Mohsen; Naheed, Aliya; Naidoo, Kovin S; Naldi, Luigi; Nand, Devina; Nangia, Vinay; Narayan, K M Venkat; Nejjari, Chakib; Neupane, Sudan P; Newton, Charles R; Ng, Marie; Ngalesoni, Frida N; Nguyen, Grant; Nisar, Muhammad I; Nolte, Sandra; Norheim, Ole F; Norman, Rosana E; Norrving, Bo; Nyakarahuka, Luke; Oh, In-Hwan; Ohkubo, Takayoshi; Ohno, Summer L; Olusanya, Bolajoko O; Opio, John Nelson; Ortblad, Katrina; Ortiz, Alberto; Pain, Amanda W; Pandian, Jeyaraj D; Panelo, Carlo Irwin A; Papachristou, Christina; Park, Eun-Kee; Park, Jae-Hyun; Patten, Scott B; Patton, George C; Paul, Vinod K; Pavlin, Boris I; Pearce, Neil; Pereira, David M; Perez-Padilla, Rogelio; Perez-Ruiz, Fernando; Perico, Norberto; Pervaiz, Aslam; Pesudovs, Konrad; Peterson, Carrie B; Petzold, Max; Phillips, Michael R; Phillips, Bryan K; Phillips, David E; Piel, Frédéric B; Plass, Dietrich; Poenaru, Dan; Polinder, Suzanne; Pope, Daniel; Popova, Svetlana; Poulton, Richie G; Pourmalek, Farshad; Prabhakaran, Dorairaj; Prasad, Noela M; Pullan, Rachel L; Qato, Dima M; Quistberg, D Alex; Rafay, Anwar; Rahimi, Kazem; Rahman, Sajjad U; Raju, Murugesan; Rana, Saleem M; Razavi, Homie; Reddy, K Srinath; Refaat, Amany; Remuzzi, Giuseppe; Resnikoff, Serge; Ribeiro, Antonio L; Richardson, Lee; Richardus, Jan Hendrik; Roberts, D Allen; Rojas-Rueda, David; Ronfani, Luca; Roth, Gregory A; Rothenbacher, Dietrich; Rothstein, David H; Rowley, Jane T; Roy, Nobhojit; Ruhago, George M; Saeedi, Mohammad Y; Saha, Sukanta; Sahraian, Mohammad Ali; Sampson, Uchechukwu K A; Sanabria, Juan R; Sandar, Logan; Santos, Itamar S; Satpathy, Maheswar; Sawhney, Monika; Scarborough, Peter; Schneider, Ione J; Schöttker, Ben; Schumacher, Austin E; Schwebel, David C; Scott, James G; Seedat, Soraya; Sepanlou, Sadaf G; Serina, Peter T; Servan-Mori, Edson E; Shackelford, Katya A; Shaheen, Amira; Shahraz, Saeid; Shamah Levy, Teresa; Shangguan, Siyi; She, Jun; Sheikhbahaei, Sara; Shi, Peilin; Shibuya, Kenji; Shinohara, Yukito; Shiri, Rahman; Shishani, Kawkab; Shiue, Ivy; Shrime, Mark G; Sigfusdottir, Inga D; Silberberg, Donald H; Simard, Edgar P; Sindi, Shireen; Singh, Abhishek; Singh, Jasvinder A; Singh, Lavanya; Skirbekk, Vegard; Slepak, Erica Leigh; Sliwa, Karen; Soneji, Samir; Søreide, Kjetil; Soshnikov, Sergey; Sposato, Luciano A; Sreeramareddy, Chandrashekhar T; Stanaway, Jeffrey D; Stathopoulou, Vasiliki; Stein, Dan J; Stein, Murray B; Steiner, Caitlyn; Steiner, Timothy J; Stevens, Antony; Stewart, Andrea; Stovner, Lars J; Stroumpoulis, Konstantinos; Sunguya, Bruno F; Swaminathan, Soumya; Swaroop, Mamta; Sykes, Bryan L; Tabb, Karen M; Takahashi, Ken; Tandon, Nikhil; Tanne, David; Tanner, Marcel; Tavakkoli, Mohammad; Taylor, Hugh R; Te Ao, Braden J; Tediosi, Fabrizio; Temesgen, Awoke M; Templin, Tara; Ten Have, Margreet; Tenkorang, Eric Y; Terkawi, Abdullah S; Thomson, Blake; Thorne-Lyman, Andrew L; Thrift, Amanda G; Thurston, George D; Tillmann, Taavi; Tonelli, Marcello; Topouzis, Fotis; Toyoshima, Hideaki; Traebert, Jefferson; Tran, Bach X; Trillini, Matias; Truelsen, Thomas; Tsilimbaris, Miltiadis; Tuzcu, Emin M; Uchendu, Uche S; Ukwaja, Kingsley N; Undurraga, Eduardo A; Uzun, Selen B; Van Brakel, Wim H; Van De Vijver, Steven; van Gool, Coen H; Van Os, Jim; Vasankari, Tommi J; Venketasubramanian, N; Violante, Francesco S; Vlassov, Vasiliy V; Vollset, Stein Emil; Wagner, Gregory R; Wagner, Joseph; Waller, Stephen G; Wan, Xia; Wang, Haidong; Wang, Jianli; Wang, Linhong; Warouw, Tati S; Weichenthal, Scott; Weiderpass, Elisabete; Weintraub, Robert G; Wenzhi, Wang; Werdecker, Andrea; Westerman, Ronny; Whiteford, Harvey A; Wilkinson, James D; Williams, Thomas N; Wolfe, Charles D; Wolock, Timothy M; Woolf, Anthony D; Wulf, Sarah; Wurtz, Brittany; Xu, Gelin; Yan, Lijing L; Yano, Yuichiro; Ye, Pengpeng; Yentür, Gökalp K; Yip, Paul; Yonemoto, Naohiro; Yoon, Seok-Jun; Younis, Mustafa Z; Yu, Chuanhua; Zaki, Maysaa E; Zhao, Yong; Zheng, Yingfeng; Zonies, David; Zou, Xiaonong; Salomon, Joshua A; Lopez, Alan D; Vos, Theo

2015-11-28

The Global Burden of Disease Study 2013 (GBD 2013) aims to bring together all available epidemiological data using a coherent measurement framework, standardised estimation methods, and transparent data sources to enable comparisons of health loss over time and across causes, age-sex groups, and countries. The GBD can be used to generate summary measures such as disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) and healthy life expectancy (HALE) that make possible comparative assessments of broad epidemiological patterns across countries and time. These summary measures can also be used to quantify the component of variation in epidemiology that is related to sociodemographic development. We used the published GBD 2013 data for age-specific mortality, years of life lost due to premature mortality (YLLs), and years lived with disability (YLDs) to calculate DALYs and HALE for 1990, 1995, 2000, 2005, 2010, and 2013 for 188 countries. We calculated HALE using the Sullivan method; 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs) represent uncertainty in age-specific death rates and YLDs per person for each country, age, sex, and year. We estimated DALYs for 306 causes for each country as the sum of YLLs and YLDs; 95% UIs represent uncertainty in YLL and YLD rates. We quantified patterns of the epidemiological transition with a composite indicator of sociodemographic status, which we constructed from income per person, average years of schooling after age 15 years, and the total fertility rate and mean age of the population. We applied hierarchical regression to DALY rates by cause across countries to decompose variance related to the sociodemographic status variable, country, and time. Worldwide, from 1990 to 2013, life expectancy at birth rose by 6·2 years (95% UI 5·6-6·6), from 65·3 years (65·0-65·6) in 1990 to 71·5 years (71·0-71·9) in 2013, HALE at birth rose by 5·4 years (4·9-5·8), from 56·9 years (54·5-59·1) to 62·3 years (59·7-64·8), total DALYs fell by 3·6% (0·3-7·4

Coma Morphology Due to an Extended Active Region and Implications for the Spin State of Comet Hale-Bopp

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Samarasinha, Nalin H.

2000-01-01

We show that the circular character of continuum structures observed in the coma of comet Hale-Bopp around the perihelion passage is most likely due to a dust jet from a large extended active region on the surface. Coma morphology due to a wide jet is different from that due to a narrow jet. The latter shows foreshortening effects due to observing geometry, wider jet produces more circular features. This circularization effect provides a self-consistent explanation for the evolution of near-perihelion coma morphology. No changes in the direction of the rotational angular momentum vector are required during this period in contrast to the models of Schleicher et al. This circularization effect also enables us to produce near-circular coma features in the S-E quadrant during 1997 late February and therefore questions the basic premise on which Sekanina bases his morphological arguments for a gravitationally bound satellite nucleus.

VizieR Online Data Catalog: Revised source list for the Rees 38-MHz survey (Hales+ 1995)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hales, S. E. G.; Waldram, E. M.; Rees, N.; Warner, P. J.

1994-11-01

We present a revised machine-readable source list for the Rees 38-MHz (or '8C') survey with improved positions and no redundancy. The Rees 38-MHz survey covers an area of about 1 sr north of declination +60 degrees. The angular resolution is 4.5 x 4.5cosec(Dec) arcmin**2 and the limiting flux density over much of the survey area is about 1 Jy. Both of these figures are an improvement by nearly an order of magnitude on previous surveys at this frequency. Users of these data should consult and cite the original survey paper by Rees as primary reference (1990MNRAS.244..233R) with the present publication (1995MNRAS.274..447H) as a supplementary revision. The recommended style of reference is thus : "The revised Rees 38-MHz survey (Rees 1990, catalogue revised Hales et. al 1995)." Note that for interest the source list includes data on some sources at declinations lower than +60 degrees, but that the right ascension coverage is not complete below +60 degrees. (1 data file).

Global, regional, and national disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) for 306 diseases and injuries and healthy life expectancy (HALE) for 188 countries, 1990–2013: quantifying the epidemiological transition

PubMed Central

2015-01-01

Summary Background The Global Burden of Disease Study 2013 (GBD 2013) aims to bring together all available epidemiological data using a coherent measurement framework, standardised estimation methods, and transparent data sources to enable comparisons of health loss over time and across causes, age–sex groups, and countries. The GBD can be used to generate summary measures such as disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) and healthy life expectancy (HALE) that make possible comparative assessments of broad epidemiological patterns across countries and time. These summary measures can also be used to quantify the component of variation in epidemiology that is related to sociodemographic development. Methods We used the published GBD 2013 data for age-specific mortality, years of life lost due to premature mortality (YLLs), and years lived with disability (YLDs) to calculate DALYs and HALE for 1990, 1995, 2000, 2005, 2010, and 2013 for 188 countries. We calculated HALE using the Sullivan method; 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs) represent uncertainty in age-specific death rates and YLDs per person for each country, age, sex, and year. We estimated DALYs for 306 causes for each country as the sum of YLLs and YLDs; 95% UIs represent uncertainty in YLL and YLD rates. We quantified patterns of the epidemiological transition with a composite indicator of sociodemographic status, which we constructed from income per person, average years of schooling after age 15 years, and the total fertility rate and mean age of the population. We applied hierarchical regression to DALY rates by cause across countries to decompose variance related to the sociodemographic status variable, country, and time. Findings Worldwide, from 1990 to 2013, life expectancy at birth rose by 6·2 years (95% UI 5·6–6·6), from 65·3 years (65·0–65·6) in 1990 to 71·5 years (71·0–71·9) in 2013, HALE at birth rose by 5·4 years (4·9–5·8), from 56·9 years (54·5–59·1) to 62·3 years (59·7

Ir Observations Of An Outburst In Comet Hale-Bopp (C/1995 O1)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tozzi, Gian Paolo; Mannucci, Filippo; Stanga, Ruggero

1997-07-01

The comet Hale-Bopp (C/1995 O1) has been observed in the infrared (1 2.5 μm) with the Nordic Optical Telescope (NOT) equipped with the Arcetri NICMOS3 camera (ARNICA). Two observational campaigns, each one lasting about one week, were made when the comet heliocentric distance was about 3 AU. The first campaign was at the end of August and the second at the end of September 1996. During both runs two major outbursts were observed, the more intense of them started the day before the beginning of the second run. In the images recorded during the first three nights (24.8 26.8 Sept.) of the second run a dust shell expanding in the northern quadrant with a projected velocity of 0.14 0.28 km/s is clearly evident. The dust production rate increased by at least a factor ≈3 at the time of the outburst. Also evident on the first night is a change in the IR color that is well correlated with the dust shell. This is an indication that the material released by the outburst has a different composition and/or size distribution than that in the “quiescent” dust coma. In this paper we present preliminary results about the evolution and the photometric characteristics of the dust shell.

Coordinated Observations of Comet Hale-Bopp between 32 and 860 GHz

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wink, J. E.; Altenhoff, W. J.; Bieging, J.; Butler, B.; Butner, H.; Haslam, C. G. T.; Kreysa, E.; Martin, R.; Mauersberger, R.; McMullin, J.; Muders, D.; Peters, W.; Schmidt, J.; Schraml, J. B.; Sievers, A.; Stumpff, P.; von Kapp-Herr, A.; Thum, C.; Zylka, R.

1997-05-01

The concept of simultaneous multifrequency continuum observations, successfully tested on Comet Hyakutake, was applied to Comet Hale-Bopp, using the Heinrich Hertz Submillimeter Telescope (HHT) with the four color bolometer between 250 and 870 GHz, the IRAM 30m telescope at 240 Ghz, the MPIfR 100-m telescope at 32 GHz, and the IRAM interferometer near 90 and 240 GHz. Near-simultaneous measurements were done between February 15 and April 26, 1997, mainly concentrated in mid March shortly before perigee of the comet. The measurements gave the following preliminary results: Interferometer detection of the nuclear thermal emission. If the signal at the longest interferometer spacing of 170 m is due to thermal emission from the nucleus only, its equivalent diameter is ~49 km. If, however, this signal contains a contribution from a strongly centrally peaked halo distribution (e.g., r^-2 density variation) the diameter may be as low as 35 km. The emission found interferometrically was always 5arcsec north and 0.1 sec east from the position predicted by Yeoman's solution 55. The comparison of the interferometric continuum emission with the simultanously obtained molecular line observations (reported on this conference) shows the origin of the strongest line emission concentrated on the nucleus. The 30-m observations show a radio halo with a gaussian FWHP of ~11, corresponding to a diameter of 11000 km at geocentric distance of 1.2 a.u. A spectral index of ~3.0 for the total signal, which may indicate a smaller mean particle size than for Hyakutake. Assuming an average cometary density of 0.5 gcm^-3, the mass contained in the nucleus is ~1-3 10^19 g and 10^12 g in the particle halo.

Progress in a Study of Striations in the Dust Tail of Comet Hale-Bopp (C/1995 O1)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sekanina, Z.; Ryan, O.; Boehnhardt, H.; Birkle, K.; Engels, D.; Jaeger, M.; Keller, P.; Raab, H.

1999-01-01

We report preliminary results of a massive investigation of the striation patterns observed in the dust tail of comet Hale-Bopp in March and April 1997. Our findings are based on 16 wide-field photographs taken with Schmidt cameras on March 2-20, with six more, from March 31-April 8, still waiting for analysis. Altogether approximately 700 individual striae were examined on the 16 images, which were scanned and computer processed to enhance the morphology. About 5300 stria points, or some 7-8 points per stria per image on the average, were measured and their astrometric positions determined and subsequently converted to a Cartesian coordinate system, aligned with the comet's projected radius vector and centered on the nucleus. The evolution of the striated tail has been studied using the Sekanina-Farrell fragmentation hypothesis (AJ 85, 1538, 1980), previously applied to other comets. This two-step model is characterized by the time of release from the nucleus of a parent object (or objects) whose motion is assumed to have been subjected to a constant repulsive acceleration betap (presumably due to solar radiation pressure) until the time of fragmentation.

Crustal Structure and Evidence for a Hales Discontinuity Beneath the Seychelles Microcontinent

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hammond, J.; Kendall, J.; Collier, J.; Rumpker, G.; Pilidou, S.; Stuart, G.

2005-12-01

It is well known that the Seychelles Plateau consists of a sliver of continental crust cast adrift during the formation of the Indian ocean. However the extent of the continental crust beneath the microcontinent and the cause of its isolation is poorly understood. Here we use receiver functions, interstation phase velocities obtained from surface waves, and wide angle reflections from controlled-source seismic data to investigate the lithospheric structure of the region. The H-κ method is used to calculate depths and Poison's ratio at 26 temporary stations distributed across the plateau and Mascarene basin. The Vp/V_s ratios and depths at stations on the plateau are typical of continental crust. To explain the major features of the RFs a simple two layer crust is proposed for the island of Mahé. The islands of Silhouette and Nord display a more complex crust consistent with the islands volcanic history. Praslin and its satellite islands display a simpler crust but display signs of a deeper discontinuity (~40 km) beneath the Moho which is possible evidence for underplating associated with Deccan age volcanism. Bird Island (Moho~18 km) and Desroche (Moho~23 km) show signs of being situated on islands above the transition from continental to oceanic crust. Alphonse, Coetivy and Platte all show receiver functions expected for oceanic crust, with Moho depths ~10 km. Inter-station phase velocity inversions from surface waves support these results with paths sampling the plateau region showing dispersion curves expected for continental crust, and those travelling between stations off the plateau showing evidence for oceanic crust. A deeper arrival is observed on the plateau stations at ~7 s or ~65 km. This feature is also seen in wide-angle controlled source work and the inter-station phase velocity inversions. Candidate interpretion for this Hales discontinuity include a Precambrian suture assoicated with shallow subduction or a shear-zone assoicated with deformation

EVIDENCE FOR FRESH FROST LAYER ON THE BARE NUCLEUS OF COMET HALE-BOPP AT 32 AU DISTANCE

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Szabo, Gyula M.; Kiss, Laszlo L.; Pal, Andras

2012-12-10

Here, we report that the activity of comet Hale-Bopp ceased between late 2007 and 2009 March, at about 28 AU distance from the Sun. At that time, the comet resided at a distance from the Sun that exceeded the freeze-out distance of regular comets by an order of magnitude. A Herschel Space Observatory PACS scan was taken in mid-2010, in the already inactive state of the nucleus. The albedo has been found to be surprisingly large (8.1% {+-} 0.9%), which exceeds the value known for any other comets. With re-reduction of archive Hubble Space Telescope images from 1995 and 1996,more » we confirm that the pre-perihelion albedo resembled that of an ordinary comet and was smaller by a factor of two than the post-activity albedo. Our further observations with the Very Large Telescope also confirmed that the albedo increased significantly by the end of the activity. We explain these observations by proposing gravitational redeposition of icy grains toward the end of the activity. This is plausible for such a massive body in a cold environment, where gas velocity is lowered to the range of the escape velocity. These observations also show that giant comets are not just the upscaled versions of the comets we know but can be affected by processes that are yet to be fully identified.« less

Proceedings of the Conference of the International Group for the Psychology of Mathematics Education (31st, Seoul, Korea, July 8-13, 2007). Volume 3

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Woo, Jeong-Ho, Ed.; Lew, Hee-Chan, Ed.; Park, Kyo-Sik Park, Ed.; Seo, Dong-Yeop, Ed.

2007-01-01

This third volume of the 31st annual proceedings of the International Group for the Psychology of Mathematics Education conference presents research reports for author surnames beginning Han- through Miy-. Reports include: (1) Elementary Education Students' Memories of Mathematics in Family Context (Markku S. Hannula, Raimo Kaasila, Erkki…

TEANGA 15: The Irish Yearbook of Applied Linguistics = Bliainiris na Teangeolaiochta Feidhmi in Eirinn.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

O Baoill, Donall P., Ed.

1995-01-01

Essays in applied linguistics include: "Meaningful Negotiation: A Study of the Pedagogical Value of Autotutor-An Interactive Video Learning Resource" (John Stephen Byrne); "Medium of Instruction in the L2 Classroom" (Wei Danhua); "The Story of Language Contact and Shift in Ireland: How Unique, How Universal?" (Markku,…

Weather Requirements and Procedures for Step 1: High Altitude Long Endurance (HALE) Unmanned Aircraft System (UAS) Flight Operations in the National Air Space (NAS)

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2007-01-01

This cover sheet is for version 2 of the weather requirements document along with Appendix A. The purpose of the requirements document was to identify and to list the weather functional requirements needed to achieve the Access 5 vision of "operating High Altitude, Long Endurance (HALE) Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) routinely, safely, and reliably in the National Airspace System (NAS) for Step 1." A discussion of the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) references and related policies, procedures, and standards is provided as basis for the recommendations supported within this document. Additional procedures and reference documentation related to weather functional requirements is also provided for background. The functional requirements and related information are to be proposed to the FAA and various standards organizations for consideration and approval. The appendix was designed to show that sources of flight weather information are readily available to UAS pilots conducting missions in the NAS. All weather information for this presentation was obtained from the public internet.

76 FR 42127 - Change in Bank Control Notices; Acquisitions of Shares of a Bank or Bank Holding Company

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-07-18

... Memorial Drive, Kansas City, Missouri 64198-0001: 1. The Dana Hale Nelson Family Irrevocable Trust; the Lisa K. Hale Family Irrevocable Trust; the Dana Hale Nelson Irrevocable Trust for Allison Lesta Nelson; the Dana Hale Nelson Irrevocable Trust for Hayley Elizabeth Nelson; the Dana Hale Nelson Irrevocable...

High resolution broad-band spectroscopy in the NIR using the Triplespec externally dispersed interferometer at the Hale telescope

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Erskine, David J.; Edelstein, J.; Sirk, M.; Wishnow, E.; Ishikawa, Y.; McDonald, E.; Shourt, W. V.

2014-07-01

High resolution broad-band spectroscopy at near-infrared wavelengths has been performed using externally dis- persed interferometry (EDI) at the Hale telescope at Mt. Palomar. The EDI technique uses a field-widened Michelson interferometer in series with a dispersive spectrograph, and is able to recover a spectrum with a resolution 4 to 10 times higher than the existing grating spectrograph. This method increases the resolution well beyond the classical limits enforced by the slit width and the detector pixel Nyquist limit and, in principle, decreases the effect of pupil variation on the instrument line-shape function. The EDI technique permits arbi- trarily higher resolution measurements using the higher throughput, lower weight, size, and expense of a lower resolution spectrograph. Observations of many stars were performed with the TEDI interferometer mounted within the central hole of the 200 inch primary mirror. Light from the interferometer was then dispersed by the TripleSpec near-infrared echelle spectrograph. Continuous spectra between 950 and 2450 nm with a resolution as high as ~27,000 were recovered from data taken with TripleSpec at a native resolution of ˜2,700. Aspects of data analysis for interferometric spectral reconstruction are described. This technique has applications in im- proving measurements of high-resolution stellar template spectra, critical for precision Doppler velocimetry using conventional spectroscopic methods. A new interferometer to be applied for this purpose at visible wavelengths is under construction.

High-resolution broadband spectroscopy using externally dispersed interferometry at the Hale telescope: Part 1, data analysis and results

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Erskine, David J.; Edelstein, Jerry; Wishnow, Edward H.; Sirk, Martin; Muirhead, Philip S.; Muterspaugh, Matthew W.; Lloyd, James P.; Ishikawa, Yuzo; McDonald, Eliza A.; Shourt, William V.; Vanderburg, Andrew M.

2016-04-01

High-resolution broadband spectroscopy at near-infrared wavelengths (950 to 2450 nm) has been performed using externally dispersed interferometry (EDI) at the Hale telescope at Mt. Palomar. Observations of stars were performed with the "TEDI" interferometer mounted within the central hole of the 200-in. primary mirror in series with the comounted TripleSpec near-infrared echelle spectrograph. These are the first multidelay EDI demonstrations on starlight, as earlier measurements used a single delay or laboratory sources. We demonstrate very high (10×) resolution boost, from original 2700 to 27,000 with current set of delays (up to 3 cm), well beyond the classical limits enforced by the slit width and detector pixel Nyquist limit. Significantly, the EDI used with multiple delays rather than a single delay as used previously yields an order of magnitude or more improvement in the stability against native spectrograph point spread function (PSF) drifts along the dispersion direction. We observe a dramatic (20×) reduction in sensitivity to PSF shift using our standard processing. A recently realized method of further reducing the PSF shift sensitivity to zero is described theoretically and demonstrated in a simple simulation which produces a 350× times reduction. We demonstrate superb rejection of fixed pattern noise due to bad detector pixels-EDI only responds to changes in pixel intensity synchronous to applied dithering. This part 1 describes data analysis, results, and instrument noise. A section on theoretical photon limited sensitivity is in a companion paper, part 2.

High-resolution broadband spectroscopy using externally dispersed interferometry at the Hale telescope: Part 1, data analysis and results

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Erskine, David J.; Edelstein, Jerry; Wishnow, Edward H.

High-resolution broadband spectroscopy at near-infrared wavelengths (950 to 2450 nm) has been performed using externally dispersed interferometry (EDI) at the Hale telescope at Mt. Palomar. Observations of stars were performed with the “TEDI” interferometer mounted within the central hole of the 200-in. primary mirror in series with the comounted TripleSpec near-infrared echelle spectrograph. These are the first multidelay EDI demonstrations on starlight, as earlier measurements used a single delay or laboratory sources. We demonstrate very high (10×) resolution boost, from original 2700 to 27,000 with current set of delays (up to 3 cm), well beyond the classical limits enforced bymore » the slit width and detector pixel Nyquist limit. Significantly, the EDI used with multiple delays rather than a single delay as used previously yields an order of magnitude or more improvement in the stability against native spectrograph point spread function (PSF) drifts along the dispersion direction. We observe a dramatic (20×) reduction in sensitivity to PSF shift using our standard processing. A recently realized method of further reducing the PSF shift sensitivity to zero is described theoretically and demonstrated in a simple simulation which produces a 350× times reduction. We demonstrate superb rejection of fixed pattern noise due to bad detector pixels—EDI only responds to changes in pixel intensity synchronous to applied dithering. This part 1 describes data analysis, results, and instrument noise. Lastly, a section on theoretical photon limited sensitivity is in a companion paper, part 2.« less

High-resolution broadband spectroscopy using externally dispersed interferometry at the Hale telescope: Part 1, data analysis and results

DOE PAGES

Erskine, David J.; Edelstein, Jerry; Wishnow, Edward H.; ...

2016-05-27

High-resolution broadband spectroscopy at near-infrared wavelengths (950 to 2450 nm) has been performed using externally dispersed interferometry (EDI) at the Hale telescope at Mt. Palomar. Observations of stars were performed with the “TEDI” interferometer mounted within the central hole of the 200-in. primary mirror in series with the comounted TripleSpec near-infrared echelle spectrograph. These are the first multidelay EDI demonstrations on starlight, as earlier measurements used a single delay or laboratory sources. We demonstrate very high (10×) resolution boost, from original 2700 to 27,000 with current set of delays (up to 3 cm), well beyond the classical limits enforced bymore » the slit width and detector pixel Nyquist limit. Significantly, the EDI used with multiple delays rather than a single delay as used previously yields an order of magnitude or more improvement in the stability against native spectrograph point spread function (PSF) drifts along the dispersion direction. We observe a dramatic (20×) reduction in sensitivity to PSF shift using our standard processing. A recently realized method of further reducing the PSF shift sensitivity to zero is described theoretically and demonstrated in a simple simulation which produces a 350× times reduction. We demonstrate superb rejection of fixed pattern noise due to bad detector pixels—EDI only responds to changes in pixel intensity synchronous to applied dithering. This part 1 describes data analysis, results, and instrument noise. Lastly, a section on theoretical photon limited sensitivity is in a companion paper, part 2.« less

Analysis of total visual and ccd v-broadband observation of comet c/1995 o1 (hale-bopp): 1995-2003

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

de Almeida, A. A.; Boczko, R.; Lopes, A. R.; Sanzovo, G. C.

The wealth of available information on total visual magnitudes and broadband-V CCD observations of the exceptionally bright Comet C/1995 O1 (Hale-Bopp) proved to be an excellent opportunity to test the Semi-Empirical Method of Visual Magnitudes (de Almeida, Singh & Huebner, 1997) for very bright comets. The main objective is to extend the method to include total visual magnitude observations obtained with CCD detector and V filter in our analysis of total visual magnitudes and obtain a single light curve. We compare the CCD V-broadband careful observations of Liller (1997) by plotting then together with the total visual magnitude observations from experienced visual observers found in the International Comet Quarterly (ICQ) archive. We find a nice agreement despite of the fact that CCDs and V filter passbands detect systematically more coma than visual observers, since they have different responses to C2, which is the main emission from the coma, and consequently they should be used with larger apperture diameters. A data set of ˜400 CCD selected observations covering about the same 5 years time span of the ˜12,000 ICQ total visual magnitude observations were used in the analysis. A least-squares fit to the values yielded a relation for water production rates vs heliocentric distances for the pre- and post-perihelion phases and are converted into gas production rates (in g/s) released by the nucleus. The dimension of the nucleus as well as its effective active area is determined and compared to other works.

New Particle Formation Events During 2013 in Hada Al Sham, Saudi-Arabia

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Neitola, K.; Hyvärinen, A.; Lihavainen, H.; Alghamdi, M.; Hussein, T.; Khodeir, M.; Shehata, A.; Laaksonen, A. J.; Kulmala, M. T.

2014-12-01

New particle formation (NPF) is the dominant source of aerosol particles in the atmosphere and plays an important role in the global climate (Kulmala et al., 2013). NPF events has been observed in various places around the world (Kulmala et al., 2007). Arabian Peninsula has one of the highest aerosol burdens due to dust storms, local petroleum industry, traffic and advection from southern Asia. Here we present results of new particle formation event analysis from the first full year of measurements in the new measurement station in Hada Al Sham, Saudi-Arabia. The background station in Hada Al Sham (21.802° North, 39.729° East, 254 m a.s.l.) was founded at the end of 2012 on an agricultural test field 60 km to southeast from the city of Jeddah. The terrain around the station is arid desert with very scarce yearly precipitation. There are no local pollution sources. Main instrumentation include: PM2.5 and PM10, number size distribution (7 nm - 10 μm) and total concentration, absorption and scattering coefficients, and the basic weather parameters. We analysed the twin DMPS data from year 2013 classifying new particle formation events by visual day-to-day method. The days were classified following the principal presented in Dal Maso et al., (2005). The data coverage was 264 days (72.3 %) of the year. 210 Days (79.5 %) were classified as NPF event (Class I and II) days, 37 days (14.0 %) as undefined and 17 days (6.4 %) as non-event days. The analysis of the NPF event days was considered again as the freshly formed particles was observed shrinking after the original growth in most of the NPF event days. Typical event day DMPS data with a shrinking mode of particles is presented in Fig.1. Some of the days involved simultaneous shrinking and growth of the particles. Table 1 summarizes the frequency of each type of event day. Events G S G + S unclear 210 25 102 33 50 Days 100 11.9 48.6 15.7 23.8 (%) Table 1. Reclassification of the event days (classes I and II). G is

Structural modeling and optimization of a joined-wing configuration of a High-Altitude Long-Endurance (HALE) aircraft

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kaloyanova, Valentina B.

Recent research trends have indicated an interest in High-Altitude, Long-Endurance (HALE) aircraft as a low-cost alternative to certain space missions, such as telecommunication relay, environmental sensing and military reconnaissance. HALE missions require a light vehicle flying at low speed in the stratosphere at altitudes of 60,000-80,000 ft, with a continuous loiter time of up to several days. To provide high lift and low drag at these high altitudes, where the air density is low, the wing area should be increased, i.e., high-aspect-ratio wings are necessary. Due to its large span and lightweight, the wing structure is very flexible. To reduce the structural deformation, and increase the total lift in a long-spanned wing, a sensorcraft model with a joined-wing configuration, proposed by AFRL, is employed. The joined-wing encompasses a forward wing, which is swept back with a positive dihedral angle, and connected with an aft wing, which is swept forward. The joined-wing design combines structural strength, high aerodynamic performance and efficiency. As a first step to study the joined-wing structural behavior an 1-D approximation model is developed. The 1-D approximation is a simple structural model created using ANSYS BEAM4 elements to present a possible approach for the aerodynamics-structure coupling. The pressure loads from the aerodynamic analysis are integrated numerically to obtain the resultant aerodynamic forces and moments (spanwise lift and pitching moment distributions, acting at the aerodynamic center). These are applied on the 1-D structural model. A linear static analysis is performed under this equivalent load, and the deformed shape of the 1-D model is used to obtain the deformed shape of the actual 3-D joined wing, i.e. deformed aerodynamic surface grid. To date in the existing studies, only simplified structural models have been examined. In the present work, in addition to the simple 1-D beam model, a semi-monocoque structural model is

Mediterranean diet, lifestyle factors, and 10-year mortality in elderly European men and women: the HALE project.

PubMed

Knoops, Kim T B; de Groot, Lisette C P G M; Kromhout, Daan; Perrin, Anne-Elisabeth; Moreiras-Varela, Olga; Menotti, Alessandro; van Staveren, Wija A

2004-09-22

Dietary patterns and lifestyle factors are associated with mortality from all causes, coronary heart disease, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer, but few studies have investigated these factors in combination. To investigate the single and combined effect of Mediterranean diet, being physically active, moderate alcohol use, and nonsmoking on all-cause and cause-specific mortality in European elderly individuals. The Healthy Ageing: a Longitudinal study in Europe (HALE) population, comprising individuals enrolled in the Survey in Europe on Nutrition and the Elderly: a Concerned Action (SENECA) and the Finland, Italy, the Netherlands, Elderly (FINE) studies, includes 1507 apparently healthy men and 832 women, aged 70 to 90 years in 11 European countries. This cohort study was conducted between 1988 and 2000. Ten-year mortality from all causes, coronary heart disease, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer. During follow-up, 935 participants died: 371 from cardiovascular diseases, 233 from cancer, and 145 from other causes; for 186, the cause of death was unknown. Adhering to a Mediterranean diet (hazard ratio [HR], 0.77; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.68-0.88), moderate alcohol use (HR, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.67-0.91), physical activity (HR, 0.63; 95% CI, 0.55-0.72), and nonsmoking (HR, 0.65; 95% CI, 0.57-0.75) were associated with a lower risk of all-cause mortality (HRs controlled for age, sex, years of education, body mass index, study, and other factors). Similar results were observed for mortality from coronary heart disease, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer. The combination of 4 low risk factors lowered the all-cause mortality rate to 0.35 (95% CI, 0.28-0.44). In total, lack of adherence to this low-risk pattern was associated with a population attributable risk of 60% of all deaths, 64% of deaths from coronary heart disease, 61% from cardiovascular diseases, and 60% from cancer. Among individuals aged 70 to 90 years, adherence to a Mediterranean diet and healthful

Formation and growth rates of atmospheric nanoparticles: four years of observations at two West Siberian stations

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Arshinov, Mikhail Yu.; Belan, Boris D.; Davydov, Denis K.; Kozlov, Artem V.; Arshinova, Victoria

2015-04-01

In spite of fact that the first report on the new particle formation (NPF) itself was done by John Aitken more than one century ago (Aitken, 1898), a phenomenon of NPF bursts taken place in the atmosphere was discovered not very long ago. Nevertheless, to date it is known that they may occur quite often in a variety of environments (Kulmala et al., 2004; Hirsikko et al., 2011). Siberia occupies a vast area covered by forests, but the comprehensive data on burst frequency, as well as on formation and growth rates of freshly nucleated particles in this key region are still lacking. Continuous measurements of aerosol size distribution carried out in recent years at two West Siberian stations (TOR-station - 56o28'41"N, 85o03'15"E; Fonovaya Observatory - 56o25'07"N, 84o04'27"E) allowed this gap in data to be filled up. Analysis of the size spectra classified in accordance with criteria proposed by Dal Maso et al. (2005) and Hammed et al. (2007) enabled a conclusion to be drawn that NPF events in Wets Siberia are more often observed during spring (from March to May) and early autumn (secondary frequency peak in September). On average, particle formation bursts took place on 23-28 % of all days. Such a seasonal pattern of the NPF occurrence is very similar to one observed at SMEAR II Station (Hyytiälä, Finland; Dal Maso et al. 2005, 2007). Formation rates (FR) of particles with diameters below 25 nm varied in a wide range from 0.1 to 10 cm-3 s-1. Mean values of FR for the entire period of observations were 1.7 cm-3s-1 (median = 1.13 cm-3 s-1) at TOR-station and 0.88 cm-3 s-1 (median = 0.69 cm-3 s-1) at Fonovaya Observatory. Enhanced values of FR are usually observed from spring to autumn. Mean growth rates of observed at TOR-station and Fonovaya Observatory were 6.5 nm h-1 (median = 5.0 nm h-1) and 8.3 nm h-1 (median = 6.4 nm h-1), respectively. This work was supported by the Branch of Geology, Geophysics and Mining Sciences of RAS (Program No. 5); State contracts of

The Water Production Rate of Comet Hale-Bopp as Determined by [O I] 6300 Angstroms Measurements

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Morgenthaler, J. P.; Harris, W.; Scherb, F.; Anderson, C. W.; Roesler, F. L.; Oliversen, R. J.; Doane, N. E.; Smyth, W. H.; Marconi, M. L.

1999-09-01

The exceptional brightness and long observational window of Comet Hale-Bopp provided a remarkable opportunity to study both the neutral coma and the plasma in the coma and ion tail. Our team of observers from UW--Madison and Goddard Space Fight Center used seven different instruments at Kitt Peak to observe cometary emission from H, OH, O, H_2O(+) , NH_2, C, CN, C_2, and the continuum. Here we present observations and model analysis for the O((1) D) ([O I] 6300 Angstroms) emission. The data were taken by three telescopes on Kitt Peak: the Wisconsin, Indiana, Yale NRAO (WIYN), Wisconsin H-alpha Mapper (WHAM), and the NSO McMath-Pierce. The 3.5-meter WIYN telescope recorded up to 96 simultaneous spectra with a Multi-Object Spectrograph (MOS), the WHAM Fabry-Perot spectrometer recorded spectra and narrow-band images over a 1(deg) field of view and the 2-inch Fabry-Perot spectrometer at the McMath-Pierce main telescope recorded high resolution (lambda /Delta lambda = 80,000) spectra of the [O I] 6300 Angstroms emission with a 6 arcminute field of view. The combination of MOS and Fabry-Perot data covers spatial scales ranging from 2,000 km to 1x10(6) km. The high resolution spectra, recorded with a ~ 180,000 km radius field of view, show evidence of motion in the antisun direction. At distances greater than 300,000 km, we see a tailward asymmetry in the spatial distribution of [O I]. At 500,000 km, there is an excess of ~ 2x10(6) photons s(-1) cm(-2) sr(-1) (30 R) in the tailward direction. We use the data away from the tailward asymmetry and the Monte Carlo Particle Trajectory Model (MCPTM) of Combi and Smyth (1988) with recent refinements by Combi, Bos, & Smyth (1993) to estimate the water production rate of the comet in late February and early March of 1997. Preliminary results indicate water production rates of ~ 10(31) molecules/sec. Our observational and data analysis techniques along with possible sources of the asymmetry are discussed.

ROYAL PALMLINED WALK TO FACILITY 1041 (QUARTERS J) WITH FACILITY ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

ROYAL PALM-LINED WALK TO FACILITY 1041 (QUARTERS J) WITH FACILITY 1040 (QUARTERS 1) TO LEFT. TAKEN AT CORNER OF HALE ALII AVENUE AND EIGHTH STREET. VIEW FACING EAST. - U.S. Naval Base, Pearl Harbor, Naval Housing Area Hale Alii, Hale Alii Avenue, Eighth Street, & Avenue D, Pearl City, Honolulu County, HI

Présentation de l’adaptation française de « l’échelle de coparentage » de McHale pour familles avec jeunes enfants

PubMed Central

Frascarolo, F.; Dimitrova, N.; Zimmermann, G.; Favez, N.; Kuersten-Hogan, R.; Baker, J.; McHale, J.

2009-01-01

Le but de cet article est de présenter l’autoquestionnaire américain de McHale permettant l’évaluation de la qualité du coparentage ainsi qu’un premier pas en direction de sa validation structurelle et de construit en langue française. Quarante et une familles suisses francophones et 84 familles nord-américaines ont rempli ce questionnaire ainsi qu’un autre portant sur leur satisfaction conjugale (Dyadic Adjustment Scale [DAS]). Les résultats des familles suisses correspondent aux résultats américains : d’une part, la distribution des items en quatre facteurs (intégrité familiale, conflit, affection et dénigrement) est retrouvée et, d’autre part, un lien relatif entre la qualité du coparentage et celle des relations conjugales est observé. Ce deuxième résultat confirme la validité de construit du questionnaire, vu le lien reconnu entre ces deux sous-systèmes. Étant donné l’influence de la qualité du coparentage sur le développement socio-affectif de l’enfant, disposer d’un outil permettant son évaluation, dans ses aspects tant positifs (soutien, chaleur, etc.) que négatifs (dénigrement, conflit, etc.), est un atout important aussi bien en recherche qu’en clinique. PMID:19655028

High-resolution broadband spectroscopy using externally dispersed interferometry at the Hale telescope: part 2, photon noise theory

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Erskine, David J.; Edelstein, Jerry; Wishnow, Edward; Sirk, Martin; Muirhead, Philip S.; Muterspaugh, Matthew W.; Lloyd, James P.

2016-10-01

High-resolution broadband spectroscopy at near-infrared (NIR) wavelengths (950 to 2450 nm) has been performed using externally dispersed interferometry (EDI) at the Hale telescope at Mt. Palomar, with the TEDI interferometer mounted within the central hole of the 200-in. primary mirror in series with the comounted TripleSpec NIR echelle spectrograph. These are the first multidelay EDI demonstrations on starlight. We demonstrated very high (10×) resolution boost and dramatic (20× or more) robustness to point spread function wavelength drifts in the native spectrograph. Data analysis, results, and instrument noise are described in a companion paper (part 1). This part 2 describes theoretical photon limited and readout noise limited behaviors, using simulated spectra and instrument model with noise added at the detector. We show that a single interferometer delay can be used to reduce the high frequency noise at the original resolution (1× boost case), and that except for delays much smaller than the native response peak half width, the fringing and nonfringing noises act uncorrelated and add in quadrature. This is due to the frequency shifting of the noise due to the heterodyning effect. We find a sum rule for the noise variance for multiple delays. The multiple delay EDI using a Gaussian distribution of exposure times has noise-to-signal ratio for photon-limited noise similar to a classical spectrograph with reduced slitwidth and reduced flux, proportional to the square root of resolution boost achieved, but without the focal spot limitation and pixel spacing Nyquist limitations. At low boost (˜1×) EDI has ˜1.4× smaller noise than conventional, and at >10× boost, EDI has ˜1.4× larger noise than conventional. Readout noise is minimized by the use of three or four steps instead of 10 of TEDI. Net noise grows as step phases change from symmetrical arrangement with wavenumber across the band. For three (or four) steps, we calculate a multiplicative bandwidth

High-resolution broadband spectroscopy using externally dispersed interferometry at the Hale telescope: Part 2, photon noise theory

DOE PAGES

Erskine, David J.; Edelstein, Jerry; Wishnow, Edward; ...

2016-10-01

High-resolution broadband spectroscopy at near-infrared (NIR) wavelengths (950 to 2450 nm) has been performed using externally dispersed interferometry (EDI) at the Hale telescope at Mt. Palomar, with the TEDI interferometer mounted within the central hole of the 200-in. primary mirror in series with the comounted TripleSpec NIR echelle spectrograph. These are the first multidelay EDI demonstrations on starlight. We demonstrated very high (10×) resolution boost and dramatic (20× or more) robustness to point spread function wavelength drifts in the native spectrograph. Data analysis, results, and instrument noise are described in a companion paper (part 1). This part 2 describes theoreticalmore » photon limited and readout noise limited behaviors, using simulated spectra and instrument model with noise added at the detector. We show that a single interferometer delay can be used to reduce the high frequency noise at the original resolution (1× boost case), and that except for delays much smaller than the native response peak half width, the fringing and nonfringing noises act uncorrelated and add in quadrature. This is due to the frequency shifting of the noise due to the heterodyning effect. We find a sum rule for the noise variance for multiple delays. The multiple delay EDI using a Gaussian distribution of exposure times has noise-to-signal ratio for photon-limited noise similar to a classical spectrograph with reduced slitwidth and reduced flux, proportional to the square root of resolution boost achieved, but without the focal spot limitation and pixel spacing Nyquist limitations. At low boost (~1×) EDI has ~1.4× smaller noise than conventional, and at >10× boost, EDI has ~1.4× larger noise than conventional. Readout noise is minimized by the use of three or four steps instead of 10 of TEDI. Net noise grows as step phases change from symmetrical arrangement with wavenumber across the band. As a result, for three (or four) steps, we calculate a

High-resolution broadband spectroscopy using externally dispersed interferometry at the Hale telescope: Part 2, photon noise theory

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Erskine, David J.; Edelstein, Jerry; Wishnow, Edward

High-resolution broadband spectroscopy at near-infrared (NIR) wavelengths (950 to 2450 nm) has been performed using externally dispersed interferometry (EDI) at the Hale telescope at Mt. Palomar, with the TEDI interferometer mounted within the central hole of the 200-in. primary mirror in series with the comounted TripleSpec NIR echelle spectrograph. These are the first multidelay EDI demonstrations on starlight. We demonstrated very high (10×) resolution boost and dramatic (20× or more) robustness to point spread function wavelength drifts in the native spectrograph. Data analysis, results, and instrument noise are described in a companion paper (part 1). This part 2 describes theoreticalmore » photon limited and readout noise limited behaviors, using simulated spectra and instrument model with noise added at the detector. We show that a single interferometer delay can be used to reduce the high frequency noise at the original resolution (1× boost case), and that except for delays much smaller than the native response peak half width, the fringing and nonfringing noises act uncorrelated and add in quadrature. This is due to the frequency shifting of the noise due to the heterodyning effect. We find a sum rule for the noise variance for multiple delays. The multiple delay EDI using a Gaussian distribution of exposure times has noise-to-signal ratio for photon-limited noise similar to a classical spectrograph with reduced slitwidth and reduced flux, proportional to the square root of resolution boost achieved, but without the focal spot limitation and pixel spacing Nyquist limitations. At low boost (~1×) EDI has ~1.4× smaller noise than conventional, and at >10× boost, EDI has ~1.4× larger noise than conventional. Readout noise is minimized by the use of three or four steps instead of 10 of TEDI. Net noise grows as step phases change from symmetrical arrangement with wavenumber across the band. As a result, for three (or four) steps, we calculate a

Large-Aperture [O I] 6300 Å Photometry of Comet Hale-Bopp: Implications for the Photochemistry of OH

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Morgenthaler, Jeffrey P.; Harris, Walter M.; Scherb, Frank; Anderson, Christopher M.; Oliversen, Ronald J.; Doane, Nathaniel E.; Combi, Michael R.; Marconi, Maximus L.; Smyth, William H.

2001-12-01

Large-aperture photometric observations of comet Hale-Bopp (C/1995 O1) in the forbidden red line of neutral oxygen ([O I] 6300 Å) with the 150 mm dual-etalon Fabry-Pérot spectrometer that comprises the Wisconsin Hα Mapper and a 50 mm dual-etalon Fabry-Pérot spectrometer at the McMath-Pierce main telescope from 1997 late February to mid April yield a total metastable O(1D) production rate of (2.3-5.9)×1030 s-1. Applying the standard H2O and OH photodissociation branching ratios found in Huebner, Keady, & Lyon and van Dishoeck & Dalgarno, we derive a water production rate, Q(H2O), of (2.6-6.1)×1031 s-1, which disagrees with Q(H2O)~1×1031 s-1 determined by independent H2O, OH, and H measurements. Furthermore, our own [O I] 6300 Å observations of the inner coma (<30,000 km) using the 3.5 m Wisconsin-Indiana-Yale-NOAO telescope Hydra and Densepak multiobject spectrographs yield Q(H2O)~1×1031 s-1. Using our [O I] 6300 Å data, which cover spatial scales ranging from 2,000 to 1×106 km, and a complementary set of wide-field ground-based OH images, we can constrain the sources of the apparent excess O(1D) emission to the outer coma, where photodissociation of OH is assumed to be the dominant O(1D) production mechanism. From production rates of other oxygen-bearing volatiles (e.g., CO and CO2), we can account for at most 30% of the observed excess O(1D) emission. Since even less O(1D) should be coming from other sources (e.g., electron excitation of neutral O and distributed nonnuclear sources of H2O), we hypothesize that the bulk of the excess O(1D) is likely coming from photodissociating OH. Using the experimental OH photodissociation cross section of Nee & Lee at Lyα as a guide in modifying the theoretical OH cross sections of van Dishoeck & Dalgarno, we can account for ~60% of the observed O(1D) excess without requiring major modifications to the other OH branching ratios or the total OH photodissociation lifetime.

Adams, Walter Sydney (1876-1956)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Murdin, P.

2000-11-01

Born in Antioch, Syria, to American missionary parents, he worked under GEORGE HALE at Yerkes Observatory at the University of Chicago, accompanying Hale to California to set up the Mount Wilson Observatory, and becoming its director on Hale's retirement. He helped design the 200 in telescope for Mount Palomar Observatory. His method of spectroscopic parallaxes, a technique using spectra to give ...

Taking Charge: Walter Sydney Adams and the Mount Wilson Observatory

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Brashear, R.

2004-12-01

The growing preeminence of American observational astronomy in the first half of the 20th century is a well-known story and much credit is given to George Ellery Hale and his skill as an observatory-building entrepreneur. But a key figure who has yet to be discussed in great detail is Walter Sydney Adams (1876-1956), Hale's Assistant Director at Mount Wilson Observatory. Due to Hale's illnesses, Adams was Acting Director for much of Hale's tenure, and he became the second Director of Mount Wilson from 1923 to 1946. Behind his New England reserve Adams was instrumental in the growth of Mount Wilson and thus American astronomy in general. Adams was hand-picked by Hale to take charge of stellar spectroscopy work at Yerkes and Mount Wilson and the younger astronomer showed tremendous loyalty to Hale and Hale's vision throughout his career. As Adams assumed the leadership role at Mount Wilson he concentrated on making the observatory a place where researchers worked with great freedom but maintain a high level of cooperation. This paper will concentrate on Adams's early years and look at his growing relationship with Hale and how he came to be the central figure in the early history of Mount Wilson as both a solar and stellar observatory. His education, his years at Dartmouth and Yerkes (including his unfortunate encounter with epsilon Leonis), and his formative years on Mount Wilson are all important in learning how he shaped the direction of Mount Wilson and the development of American astronomy in the first half of the 20th century. This latter history cannot be complete until we bring Adams into better focus.

Health-adjusted life expectancy in Canada.

PubMed

Bushnik, Tracey; Tjepkema, Michael; Martel, Laurent

2018-04-18

Over the past century, life expectancy at birth in Canada has risen substantially. However, these gains in the quantity of life say little about gains in the quality of life. Health-adjusted life expectancy (HALE), an indicator of quality of life, was estimated for the household and institutional populations combined every four years from 1994/1995 to 2015. Health status was measured by the Health Utilities Index Mark 3 instrument in two national population health surveys, and was used to adjust life expectancy. The percentage of the population living in health-related institutions was estimated based on the Census of Population. Attribute-deleted HALE was calculated to determine how various aspects of health status contributed to the differences between life expectancy and HALE. HALE has increased in Canada. Greater gains among males have narrowed the gap between males and females. The ratio of HALE to life expectancy changed little for males, and a marginal improvement was observed for females aged 65 or older. Mobility problems and pain, the latter mainly among females, accounted for an increased share of the burden of ill health over time. Exclusion of the institutional population significantly increased the estimates of HALE and yielded higher ratios of HALE to life expectancy. Although people are living longer, the share of years spent in good functional health has remained fairly constant. Data for both the household and institutional populations are necessary for a complete picture of health expectancy in Canada.

Large-Aperture [O I] 6300 A Photometry of Comet Hale-Bopp: Implications for the Photochemistry of OH

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Morgenthaler, Jeffrey P.; Harris, Walter M.; Scherb, Frank; Anderson, Christopher M.; Oliversen, Ronald J.; Doane, Nathaniel E.; Combi, Michael R.; Marconi, Maximus L.; Smyth, William H.

2001-01-01

Large-aperture photometric observations of comet Hale-Bopp (C/1995 O1) in the forbidden red line of neutral oxygen ([O I] 6300 angstroms) with the 150 mm dual-etalon Fabry-Perot spectrometer that comprises the Wisconsin H-alpha Mapper and a 50 mm dual-etalon Fabry-Perot spectrometer at the McMath-Pierce main telescope from 1997 late February to mid April yield a total metastable O((sup 1)D) production rate of (2.3-5.9) x 10(exp 30)/s. Applying the standard H2O and OH photodissociation branching ratios, we derive a water production rate, Q(H2O), of (2.6-6.1) x 10(exp 31)/s, which disagrees with Q(H2O = 1x10(exp 31)/s determined by independent H2O, OH, and H measurements. Furthermore, our own [O I] 6300 observations of the inner coma (< 30,000 km) using the 3.5 m Wisconsin-Indiana-Yale-NOAO telescope Hydra and Densepak multi-object spectrographs yield Q(H2O) = 1 x 10(exp 31)/s. Using our [O I] 6300 data, which cover spatial scales ranging from 2,000 to 1x10(exp 6) km, and a complementary set of wide-field ground-based OH images, we can constrain the sources of the apparent excess O((sup 1)D) emission to the outer coma, where photodissociation of OH is assumed to be the dominant O((sup 1)D) production mechanism. From production rates of other oxygen-bearing volatiles (e.g., CO and CO2), we can account for at most 30% of the observed excess O((sup 1)D) emission. Since even less O((sup 1)D) should be coming from other sources (e.g., electron excitation of neutral O and distributed nonnuclear sources of H2O), we hypothesize that the bulk of the excess O((sup 1)D) is likely coming from photodissociating OH. Using the experimental OH photo-dissociation cross section of Nee and Lee at Ly-alpha as a guide in modifying the theoretical OH cross sections of van Dishoeck and Dalgarno, we can account for approximately 60% of the observed O((sup 1)D) excess without requiring major modifications to the other OH branching ratios or the total OH photodissociation lifetime.

HALE Scouts Act

THOMAS, 111th Congress

Rep. Boren, Dan [D-OK-2

2009-01-08

Senate - 12/16/2009 Placed on Senate Legislative Calendar under General Orders. Calendar No. 231. (All Actions) Tracker: This bill has the status Passed HouseHere are the steps for Status of Legislation:

Elaine Hale | NREL

Science.gov Websites

Analysis Center. Areas of Expertise Mathematical modeling, simulation, and optimization of complex Industrial and Applied Mathematics Mathematical Optimization Society Featured Publications Stoll, Brady

Correlates of healthy life expectancy in low- and lower-middle-income countries.

PubMed

Islam, Md Shariful; Mondal, Md Nazrul Islam; Tareque, Md Ismail; Rahman, Md Aminur; Hoque, Md Nazrul; Ahmed, Md Munsur; Khan, Hafiz T A

2018-04-11

Healthy life expectancy (HALE) at birth is an important indicator of health status and quality of life of a country's population. However, little is known about the determinants of HALE as yet globally or even country-specific level. Thus, we examined the factors that are associated with HALE at birth in low- and lower-middle-income countries. In accordance with the World Bank (WB) classification seventy-nine low- and lower-middle-income countries were selected for the study. Data on HALE, demographic, socioeconomic, social structural, health, and environmental factors from several reliable sources, such as the World Health Organization, the United Nations Development Program, Population Reference Bureau, WB, Heritage Foundation, Transparency International, Freedom House, and International Center for Prison Studies were obtained as selected countries. Descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, and regression analysis were performed to reach the research objectives. The lowest and highest HALE were observed in Sierra Leone (44.40 years) and in Sri Lanka (67.00 years), respectively. The mean years of schooling, total fertility rate (TFR), physician density, gross national income per capita, health expenditure, economic freedom, carbon dioxide emission rate, freedom of the press, corruption perceptions index, prison population rate, and achieving a level of health-related millennium development goals (MDGs) were revealed as the correlates of HALE. Among all the correlates, the mean years of schooling, TFR, freedom of the press, and achieving a level of health-related MDGs were found to be the most influential factors. To increase the HALE in low- and lower-middle-income countries, we suggest that TFR is to be reduced as well as to increase the mean years of schooling, freedom of the press, and the achievement of a level of health-related MDGs.

Work Package 5: Contingency Management. Mission Planning Requirements Document: Preliminary Version. Revision A

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2005-01-01

The purpose of this document is to identify the general flight/mission planning requirements for same-day file-and-fly access to the NAS for both civil and military High-Altitude Long Endurance (HALE) Unmanned Aircraft System (UAS). Currently the scope of this document is limited to Step 1, operations above flight level 43,000 feet (FL430). This document describes the current applicable mission planning requirements and procedures for both manned and unmanned aircraft and addresses HALE UAS flight planning considerations in the future National Airspace System (NAS). It also discusses the unique performance and operational capabilities of HALE UAS associated with the Access 5 Project, presents some of the projected performance characteristics and conceptual missions for future systems, and provides detailed analysis of the recommended mission planning elements for operating HALE UAS in the NAS.

STS-114: Discovery Flight Day 7 Post MMT Meeting

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2005-01-01

Wayne Hale Space Shuttle Deputy Program Manager, and Chuck Campbell Subsystem Engineer in Aerothermodynamics are seen in this post mission management teem briefing on this seventh day of space flight. Wayne Hale begins with talking about how the International Space Station has been resupplied with its necessities, and that the Control Moment Gyroscope (CSG) has been replaced. Hale expresses his concern about the health of the Space Shuttle Discovery with the two protruding gap fillers present, and the aerothermodynamics surrounding the gap fillers. These concerns led to the conclusion to have spacewalker Stephen Robinson remove the gap fillers during EVA-3. Campbell shows a video of the protruding gap filler aft of Nose Landing Gear Door (NLGD). Campbell and Hale answer questions from the news media about the risks of performing this spacewalk, boundary layer transitions, flight safety, inspections, and temperature concerns.

Ozonolysis of a series of biogenic organic volatile compounds and secondary organic aerosol formation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bernard, François; Quilgars, Alain; Cazaunau, Mathieu; Grosselin, Benoît.; Daele, Véronique; Mellouki, Abdelwahid; Winterhalter, Richard; Moortgat, Geert K.

2010-05-01

Secondary organic aerosols are formed via nucleation of atmospheric organic vapours on pre-existing particles observed in various rural environments where the organic fraction represents the major part of the observed nano-particle (Kavouras and Stephanou, 2002; Kulmala et al., 2004a). However, nucleation of organic vapors appears to be unlikely thermodynamically in relevant atmospheric conditions (Kulmala et al., 2004b). In this work, a systematic study has been conducted to investigate the aerosol formation through the ozonolysis of a series of monotepenes using a newly developed aerosol flow reactor and the ICARE indoor simulation chamber. The nucleation thresholds have been determined for SOA formed through the reaction of ozone with a-Pinene, sabinene, myrcene and limonene in absence of any observable existing particles. The measurements were performed using the flow reactor combined to a particle counter (CPC 3022). Number concentrations of SOA have been measured for different concentration of consumed monoterpenes. The data obtained allow us to estimate the nucleation threshold for a range of 0.2 - 45 ppb of consumed monoterpenes. The nucleation threshold values obtained here (≤ 1 ppb of the consumed monoterpenes) have been found to be lower than the previously reported ones (Berndt et al., 2003; Bonn and Moortgat, 2003; Koch et al., 2000; Lee and Kamens, 2005). The ICARE simulation chamber has been used to study the mechanism of the reaction of ozone with various acyclic terpenes (myrcene, ocimene, linalool and a-farnesene) and to derive the SOA mass formation yield. The time-concentration profiles of reactants and products in gas-phase were obtained using in-situ Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy. In addition, the number and mass concentrations of SOA have been monitored with a Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer. The chemical composition of the SOA formed has been tentatively characterised using Liquid Chromatography - Mass Spectrometry. The results

FACILITY 1042. FRONT OBLIQUE SHOWING ROYAL PALMS LINING FRONT WALK. ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

FACILITY 1042. FRONT OBLIQUE SHOWING ROYAL PALMS LINING FRONT WALK. VIEW FACING SOUTHEAST - U.S. Naval Base, Pearl Harbor, Naval Housing Area Hale Alii, Junior Officers' Quarters Type, 9-10 Hale Alii Avenue, 1-2 Eighth Street, Pearl City, Honolulu County, HI

Healthy life expectancy in Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

PubMed Central

Law, C. K.; Yip, P. S. F.

2003-01-01

Sullivan's method and a regression model were used to calculate healthy life expectancy (HALE) for men and women in Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (Hong Kong SAR) of China. These methods need estimates of the prevalence and information on disability distributions of 109 diseases and HALE for 191 countries by age, sex and region of the world from the WHO's health assessment of 2000. The population of Hong Kong SAR has one of the highest healthy life expectancies in the world. Sullivan's method gives higher estimates than the classic linear regression method. Although Sullivan's method accurately calculates the influence of disease prevalence within small areas and regions, the regression method can approximate HALE for all economies for which information on life expectancy is available. This paper identifies some problems of the two methods and discusses the accuracy of estimates of HALE that rely on data from the WHO assessment. PMID:12640475

On the Influence of the Solar Bi-Cycle on Comic Ray Modulatio

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lifter, N. Part Xxvii: A. Defect Of The Solar Dynamo. B.; Scissors, K.; Sprucener, H.

In this presentation we propose a new paradigm that explains the different lengths of individual solar Hale cycles. It proves beneficial to distinguish between a so-called inHale and ex-Hale cycle, which together form the solar bi-cycle. We carefully analyzed the influence of so-called complex mode excitations (CMEs) on comic ray modulation, in particular on the drifts of the comic isotope O+3 , which we found to induce characteristic anisotropies. This comic isotope anisotropy (CIA) is caused by the wellknown north-south asymmetry (NSA) and can be observed as a rare Forbush increase (FBI). The latter is linked to the solar magnetic field which appears to have a chaotic behaviour (for details see part I-XXVI). Especially during an ex-Hale cycle magnetic flux is pseudo-pneumatically escaping through a coronal hole. Consequently, the solar dynamo can no longer operate efficiently, i.e. is defect.

UPLC-MS/MS quantitative analysis and structural fragmentation study of five Parmotrema lichens from the Eastern Ghats.

PubMed

Kumar, K; Siva, Bandi; Sarma, V U M; Mohabe, Satish; Reddy, A Madhusudana; Boustie, Joel; Tiwari, Ashok K; Rao, N Rama; Babu, K Suresh

2018-07-15

Comparative phytochemical analysis of five lichen species [Parmotrema tinctorum (Delise ex Nyl.) Hale, P. andinum (Mull. Arg.) Hale, P. praesorediosum (Nyl.) Hale, P. grayanum (Hue) Hale, P. austrosinense (Zahlbr.) Hale] of Parmotrema genus were performed using two complementary UPLC-MS systems. The first system consists of high resolution UPLC-QToF-MS/MS spectrometer and the second system consisted of UPLC-MS/MS in Multiple Reaction Monitoring (MRM) mode for quantitative analysis of major constituents in the selected lichen species. The individual compounds (47 compounds) were identified using Q-ToF-MS/MS, via comparison of the exact molecular masses from their MS/MS spectra, the comparison of literature data and retention times to those of standard compounds which were isolated from crude extract of abundant lichen, P. tinctorum. The analysis also allowed us to identify unknown peaks/compounds, which were further characterized by their mass fragmentation studies. The quantitative MRM analysis was useful to have a better discrimination of species according to their chemical profile. Moreover, the determination of antioxidant activities (ABTS + inhibition) and Advance Glycation Endproducts (AGEs) inhibition carried out for the crude extracts revealed a potential antiglycaemic activity to be confirmed for P. austrosinense. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

76 FR 78939 - James Campbell National Wildlife Refuge, Honolulu County, HI; Final Comprehensive Conservation...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-12-20

...] James Campbell National Wildlife Refuge, Honolulu County, HI; Final Comprehensive Conservation Plan and... Wildlife Refuge Complex, 66-590 Kamehameha Highway, Room 2C, Hale`iwa, HI 96712. In-Person Viewing or Pickup: O`ahu National Wildlife Refuge Complex, 66-590 Kamehameha Highway, Room 2C, Hale`iwa, HI 96712...

The Dragon’s Intentions: How China’s Past Is a Prologue for the Future

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-05-17

ways adequate to Christian standards, could be achieved without revealed religion.” 42 Voltaire’s1756 book, Essay on Morals, praised the Chinese for...Washington, D.C. 6 May 2011. Gertz, Bill. “China Supremacy.” The Washington Times, November 23, 2011. Hale, David D. and Lyric Hughes Hale

ESA's Rosetta mission and the puzzles that Hale-Bopp left behind

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

1997-04-01

The scientific payload was confirmed by ESA's Science Programme Committee in February. Now the scientists must perfect the full range of ultra-sensitive yet spaceworthy instruments in good time for Rosetta's despatch by an Ariane 5 launcher in January 2003. And even as most of the world was admiring Comet Hale-Bopp at its brightest, dedicated astronomers were examining the comet that will be Rosetta's target. Although too faint to be seen with the naked eye, Comet Wirtanen made its closest approach to the Sun on 14 March and a fairly close approach to the Earth on 24 March. This comet comes back every 5.5 years. Rosetta will dance attendance on Comet Wirtanen, not at the next return in 2002, nor even in 2008, but in 2013. The project is an ambitious and patient effort to achieve the most thorough investigation of a comet ever attempted. As the successor to ESA's highly successful Giotto mission to Halley's Comet and Comet Grigg-Skjellerup (which took seven years) Rosetta will spend eight years positioning itself. It will manoeuvre around the planets until it is shadowing Comet Wirtanen far beyond Mars, on nearly the same path around the Sun. In 2011 it will rendezvous with the comet and fly near it. In April 2012 Rosetta will go into a near orbit around Comet Wirtanen, and escort it for 17 busy months, as it flies in to make its closest approach to the Sun in September 2013, at the climax of the mission. "The Giotto mission placed us at the forefront of cometary exploration," comments Roger Bonnet, ESA's director of science. "The motivation came from European scientists with a sharp sense of the special importance of comets for understanding the Solar System. The same enthusiasm drives us onward to Rosetta, which will ensure our continued leadership in this important branch of space science." Scientific tasks During its prolonged operations in very close company with the comet's nucleus, Rosetta will map and examine its entire surface from distances of 10 to 50

KSC-97pc558

NASA Image and Video Library

1997-03-31

Comet Hale-Bopp was photographed in the constellation Andromeda by George Shelton, photographer for The Bionetics Corp., at 8:14 p.m. on March 31, 1997, from Merritt Island, Florida, close to the Kennedy Space Center. During this 24-hour period, Comet Hale-Bopp is making its closest approach to the Sun

Shaping China’s Security Environment: The Role of the People’s Liberation Army

DTIC Science & Technology

2006-10-01

submarine officer) to argue to the contrary.23 In doing so, they criticized an earlier essay by Michael O’Hanlon, who had argued that in the most...David Hale and Lyric Hughes Hale, “China Takes Off,” Foreign Affairs, Vol. 82, No. 6, November-December 2003, pp. 26-53; and David Shambaugh, “China

Structure of the photospheric magnetic field during sector crossings of the heliospheric magnetic field

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Getachew, Tibebu; Virtanen, Ilpo; Mursula, Kalevi

2017-04-01

The photospheric magnetic field is the source of the coronal and heliospheric magnetic fields (HMF), but their mutual correspondence is non-trivial and depends on the phase of the solar cycle. The photospheric field during the HMF sector crossings observed at 1 AU has been found to contain enhanced field intensities and definite polarity ordering, forming regions called Hale boundaries. Here we study the structure of the photospheric field during the HMF sector crossings during solar cycles 21-24, separately for the four phases of each solar cycle. We use a refined version of Svalgaard's list of major HMF sector crossings, mapped to the Sun using the solar wind speed observed at the Earth, and the daily level-3 magnetograms of the photospheric field measured at the Wilcox Solar Observatory in 1976-2014. We find that the structure of the photospheric field corresponding to the HMF sector crossings, and the existence and properties of the corresponding Hale bipolar regions varies significantly with solar cycle and with solar cycle phase. We find evidence for Hale boundaries in many, but not all ascending, maximum and declining phases of solar cycles but no minimum phase. The most clear Hale boundaries are found during the (+,-) HMF crossings in the northern hemisphere of odd cycles 21 and 23, but less systematically during the (+,-) crossings in the southern hemisphere of even cycles 22 and 24. We also find that the Hale structure of cycles 23 and 24 is more systematic than during cycles 21 and 22. This may be due to the weakening activity, which reduces the complexity of the photospheric field and clarifies the Hale pattern. The photospheric field distribution also depicts a larger area for the field of the northern hemisphere during the declining and minimum phases, in a good agreement with the bashful ballerina phenomenon. The HMF sector crossings observed at 1AU have only a partial correspondence to Hale boundaries in the photosphere, indicating that the two HMF

Camp Hale Study Act

THOMAS, 111th Congress

Sen. Udall, Mark [D-CO

2009-07-08

Senate - 07/22/2009 Committee on Energy and Natural Resources Subcommittee on National Parks. Hearings held. (All Actions) Tracker: This bill has the status IntroducedHere are the steps for Status of Legislation:

Camp Hale Study Act

THOMAS, 112th Congress

Sen. Udall, Mark [D-CO

2011-02-03

Senate - 05/11/2011 Committee on Energy and Natural Resources Subcommittee on National Parks. Hearings held. With printed Hearing: S.Hrg. 112-124. (All Actions) Tracker: This bill has the status IntroducedHere are the steps for Status of Legislation:

Camp Hale Study Act

THOMAS, 111th Congress

Rep. Lamborn, Doug [R-CO-5

2009-05-07

Senate - 03/02/2010 Placed on Senate Legislative Calendar under General Orders. Calendar No. 304. (All Actions) Tracker: This bill has the status Passed HouseHere are the steps for Status of Legislation:

Passive morphing of flying wing aircraft: Z-shaped configuration

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mardanpour, Pezhman; Hodges, Dewey H.

2014-01-01

High Altitude, Long Endurance (HALE) aircraft can achieve sustained, uninterrupted flight time if they use solar power. Wing morphing of solar powered HALE aircraft can significantly increase solar energy absorbency. An example of the kind of morphing considered in this paper requires the wings to fold so as to orient a solar panel to be hit more directly by the sun's rays at specific times of the day. An example of the kind of morphing considered in this paper requires the wings to fold so as to orient a solar panel that increases the absorption of solar energy by decreasing the angle of incidence of the solar radiation at specific times of the day. In this paper solar powered HALE flying wing aircraft are modeled with three beams with lockable hinge connections. Such aircraft are shown to be capable of morphing passively, following the sun by means of aerodynamic forces and engine thrusts. The analysis underlying NATASHA (Nonlinear Aeroelastic Trim And Stability of HALE Aircraft), a computer program that is based on geometrically exact, fully intrinsic beam equations and a finite-state induced flow model, was extended to include the ability to simulate morphing of the aircraft into a "Z" configuration. Because of the "long endurance" feature of HALE aircraft, such morphing needs to be done without relying on actuators and at as near zero energy cost as possible. The emphasis of this study is to substantially demonstrate the processes required to passively morph a flying wing into a Z-shaped configuration and back again.

The EP-3E vs. the BAMS UAS: An Operating and Support Cost Comparison

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-09-01

Accountability Office HALE High Altitude Long Endurance ISR Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance JCC Joint Architecture...others are very complex high altitude long endurance (HALE) aircraft. However, most share the common need for satellite bandwidth. The DoD plan is...collection sites, and risks as they apply to the BAMS UAS. These factors were not adequately considered in the original O&S analysis . Once the analysis

Describing the population health burden of depression: health-adjusted life expectancy by depression status in Canada.

PubMed

Steensma, C; Loukine, L; Orpana, H; McRae, L; Vachon, J; Mo, F; Boileau-Falardeau, M; Reid, C; Choi, B C

2016-10-01

Few studies have evaluated the impact of depression in terms of losses to both premature mortality and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) on the overall population. Health-adjusted life expectancy (HALE) is a summary measure of population health that combines both morbidity and mortality into a single summary statistic that describes the current health status of a population. We estimated HALE for the Canadian adult population according to depression status. National Population Health Survey (NPHS) participants 20 years and older (n = 12 373) were followed for mortality outcomes from 1994 to 2009, based on depression status. Depression was defined as having likely experienced a major depressive episode in the previous year as measured by the Composite International Diagnostic Interview Short Form. Life expectancy was estimated by building period abridged life tables by sex and depression status using the relative risks of mortality from the NPHS and mortality data from the Canadian Chronic Disease Surveillance System (2007-2009). The Canadian Community Health Survey (2009/10) provided estimates of depression prevalence and Health Utilities Index as a measure of HRQOL. Using the combined mortality, depression prevalence and HRQOL estimates, HALE was estimated for the adult population according to depression status and by sex. For the population of women with a recent major depressive episode, HALE at 20 years of age was 42.0 years (95% CI: 40.2-43.8) compared to 57.0 years (95% CI: 56.8-57.2) for women without a recent major depressive episode. For the population of Canadian men, HALE at 20 was 39.0 years (95% CI: 36.5-41.5) for those with a recent major depressive episode compared to 53.8 years (95% CI: 53.6-54.0) for those without. For the 15.0-year difference in HALE between women with and without depression, 12.3 years can be attributed to the HRQOL gap and the remaining 2.7 years to the mortality gap. The 14.8 fewer years of HALE observed for men with

Highlights of the ATS 6th Annual Convention

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Breyer, Walter

The convention began with a keynote by Michael Tubridy, the engineer in charge of the restoration of the Birr Castle Leviathan of Parsonstown. The convention then moved up to Mount Wilson, where talks were heard by Christ Plicht, Peter Abrahams, John Briggs, Don Osterbrock, Robert Ariail, Gayle Riggsbee, and Walt Breyer. Tours were made of the 100-inch and 60-inch telescopes, and observing through the 60-inch finished the day. Sunday, talks were heard by Paul O'Leary, Kevin Johnson, Eugene Rudd, E.J. Hysom, Edward Young, and Rolf Willach. Tours were made of the Hale Solar Laboratory, George Ellery Hale's home, the Huntington Library, Pasadena City College Observatory's 20-inch reflector, and Griffith Observatory's 12-inch Zeiss. On Monday, a tour was made to Mount Palomar and the 200-inch Hale Telescope.

STS-114 Flight Director Press Conference

NASA Image and Video Library

2005-08-04

JSC2005-E-32015 (4 August 2005) --- Wayne Hale, Deputy Manager of the Shuttle Program Office, fields questions from news media represetatives during a press conference in the Olin Teague Auditorium at the Johnson Space Center. Hale had just come from a meeting of the Mission Management Team, and he passed onto the news reporters the decision of not planning for a fourth spacewalk on Discovery's STS-114 mission.

High-sodium comet

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Friebele, Elaine

In mid-April, astronomers in the Canary Islands discovered that Comet Hale-Bopp has a tail composed of sodium atoms, in addition to the commonly known ion and dust tails. Although sodium atoms have been seen at the centers of other comets, this is the first observation of a comet tail consisting of sodium.The discovery by Gabriele Cremonese of the Padova Astronomical Observatory in Italy and Don Pollaco of the Isaac Newton Group of telescopes at the Canary Islands, came from images of Hale-Bopp taken with a special wide-field camera fitted with a filter that isolates emission from sodium atoms. The sodium atoms are distributed over an enormous region in and around Hale-Bopp. It is not clear exactly how the sodium tail, which is 600,000 km wide and 50 million km long, was formed.

High Altitude Long Endurance Remotely Operated Aircraft - National Airspace System Integration - Simulation IPT: Detailed Airspace Operations Simulation Plan. Version 1.0

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2004-01-01

The primary goal of Access 5 is to allow safe, reliable and routine operations of High Altitude-Long Endurance Remotely Operated Aircraft (HALE ROAs) within the National Airspace System (NAS). Step 1 of Access 5 addresses the policies, procedures, technologies and implementation issues of introducing such operations into the NAS above pressure altitude 40,000 ft (Flight Level 400 or FL400). Routine HALE ROA activity within the NAS represents a potentially significant change to the tasks and concerns of NAS users, service providers and other stakeholders. Due to the complexity of the NAS, and the importance of maintaining current high levels of safety in the NAS, any significant changes must be thoroughly evaluated prior to implementation. The Access 5 community has been tasked with performing this detailed evaluation of routine HALE-ROA activities in the NAS, and providing to key NAS stakeholders a set of recommended policies and procedures to achieve this goal. Extensive simulation, in concert with a directed flight demonstration program are intended to provide the required supporting evidence that these recommendations are based on sound methods and offer a clear roadmap to achieving safe, reliable and routine HALE ROA operations in the NAS. Through coordination with NAS service providers and policy makers, and with significant input from HALE-ROA manufacturers, operators and pilots, this document presents the detailed simulation plan for Step 1 of Access 5. A brief background of the Access 5 project will be presented with focus on Steps 1 and 2, concerning HALE-ROA operations above FL400 and FL180 respectively. An overview of project management structure follows with particular emphasis on the role of the Simulation IPT and its relationships to other project entities. This discussion will include a description of work packages assigned to the Simulation IPT, and present the specific goals to be achieved for each simulation work package, along with the associated

Evaluating compression or expansion of morbidity in Canada: trends in life expectancy and health-adjusted life expectancy from 1994 to 2010

PubMed Central

Colin, Steensma; Lidia, Loukine; Bernard, C. K. Choi

2017-01-01

Introduction: The objective of this study was to investigate whether morbidity in Canada, at the national and provincial levels, is compressing or expanding by tracking trends in life expectancy (LE) and health-adjusted life expectancy (HALE) from 1994 to 2010. “Compression” refers to a decrease in the proportion of life spent in an unhealthy state over time. It happens when HALE increases faster than LE. “Expansion” refers to an increase in the proportion of life spent in an unhealthy state that happens when HALE is stable or increases more slowly than LE. Methods: We estimated LE using mortality and population data from Statistics Canada. We took health-related quality of life (i.e. morbidity) data used to calculate HALE from the National Population Health Survey (1994–1999) and the Canadian Community Health Survey (2000–2010). We built abridged life tables for seven time intervals, covering the period 1994 to 2010 and corresponding to the year of each available survey cycle, for females and males, and for each of the 10 Canadian provinces. National and provincial trends were assessed at birth, and at ages 20 years and 65 years. Results: We observed an overall average annual increase in HALE that was statistically significant in both Canadian females and males at each of the three ages assessed, with the exception of females at birth. At birth, HALE increased an average of 0.2% (p = .08) and 0.3% (p < .001) annually for females and males respectively over the 1994 to 2010 period. At the national level for all three age groups, we observed a statistically nonsignificant average annual increase in the proportion of life spent in an unhealthy state, with the exception of men at age 65, who experienced a non-significant decrease. At the provincial level at birth, we observed a significant increase in proportion of life spent in an unhealthy state for Newfoundland and Labrador (NL) and Prince Edward Island (PEI). Conclusion: Our study did not detect a

STS-114: Discovery Launch Readiness Press Conference

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2005-01-01

Michael Griffin, NASA Administrator; Wayne Hale, Space Shuttle Deputy Program Manager; Mike Wetmore, Director of Shuttle Processing; and 1st Lieutenant Mindy Chavez, Launch Weather Officer-United States Air Force 45th Weather Squadron are in attendance for this STS-114 Discovery launch readiness press conference. The discussion begins with Wayne Hale bringing to the table a low level sensor device for everyone to view. He talks in detail about all of the extensive tests that were performed on these sensors and the completion of these ambient tests. Chavez presents her weather forecast for the launch day of July 26th 2005. Michael Griffin and Wayne Hale answer questions from the news media pertaining to the sensors and launch readiness. The video ends with footage of Pilot Jim Kelly and Commander Eileen Collins conducting test flights in a Shuttle Training Aircraft (STA) that simulates Space Shuttle landing.

Administrative Report on Training Awards

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Woodward, Charles E.

1999-01-01

During the tenure of this award, the recipient (David Harker) conducted areas of research which resulted in the award of a doctorate degree (August 1999) from the University of Wyoming. The primary science activity was investigation of silicate dust mineralogy in comets, particularly comet C/1995 O1 (Hale-Bopp). Determination of the dust mineralogy permits us to address an important astrophysical question of relevance to the origins and evolution of solar systems, "Do comets contain relic interstellar dust grains? Since, comets represent the frozen reservoirs of primitive proto-solar dust and ice, we can gain insight into the problem of understanding the formation of protoplanetesimals in the. early solar nebula. Mid-infrared spectrophotometry (7 - 14 micron, R approx. = 180 - 360) of Hale-Bopp was obtained with the NASA/Ames HIFOGS at four distinct epochs pre- and post- perihelion ion from 1996 October through 1997 June. These observations were conducted at the Wyoming Infrared Observatory and the NASA Infrared Telescope Facility, and were supported by funds from this training grant. The emission at mid-IR wavelengths in cometary comae arises from carbon grains, and small silicate grains which produce resonance features. Hale-Bopp had the strongest silicate feature observed from any comet to date. Theoretical calculations utilizing Mie Scattering Theory were employed to construct Synthetic cometary spectra to fit with the observed HIFOGS 10 microns spectral feature of Hale-Bopp. Our analysis suggests that the observed spectra can be modeled with the Hanner grain size distribution peaked at alpha((sub p) = 0.2 microns of fractal porous grains with porosity parameter D = 2.5. This model spectrum also fits photometry points in the 3 - 5 microns region. Comparison with the ISO SWS spectrum of Hale-Bopp obtained 1996 October reveals that the crystalline olivine grains must be at it temperature hotter than computed from Mie theory.

Structure of the Photospheric Magnetic Field During Sector Crossings of the Heliospheric Magnetic Field

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Getachew, Tibebu; Virtanen, Ilpo; Mursula, Kalevi

2017-11-01

The photospheric magnetic field is the source of the coronal and heliospheric magnetic fields (HMF), but their mutual correspondence is non-trivial and depends on the phase of the solar cycle. The photospheric field during the HMF sector crossings observed at 1 AU has been found to contain enhanced field intensities and definite polarity ordering, forming regions called Hale boundaries. Here we separately study the structure of the photospheric field during the HMF sector crossings during Solar Cycles 21 - 24 for the four phases of each solar cycle. We use a refined version of Svalgaard's list of major HMF sector crossings, mapped to the Sun using the solar wind speed observed at Earth, and the daily level-3 magnetograms of the photospheric field measured at the Wilcox Solar Observatory in 1976 - 2016. We find that the structure of the photospheric field corresponding to the HMF sector crossings and the existence and properties of the corresponding Hale bipolar regions varies significantly with solar cycle, solar cycle phase, and hemisphere. The Hale boundaries in more than half of the ascending, maximum, and declining phases are clear and statistically significant. The clearest Hale boundaries are found during the (+,-) HMF crossings in the northern hemisphere of odd Cycles 21 and 23, but less systematical during the (+,-) crossings in the southern hemisphere of even Cycles 22 and 24. No similar difference between odd and even cycles is found for the (-,+) crossings. This shows that the northern hemisphere has a more organized Hale pattern overall. The photospheric field distribution also depicts a larger area for the field of the northern hemisphere during the declining and minimum phases, in a good agreement with the bashful ballerina phenomenon.

Nā Liko Noelo: a program to develop Native Hawaiian researchers

PubMed Central

Tsark, JoAnn ‘Umilani; Braun, Kathryn L.

2010-01-01

Native Hawaiians are underrepresented in health research. They also have expressed dissatisfaction with the way in which many non-native researchers have formulated research questions, conducted research, and disseminated findings about Native Hawaiians. ‘Imi Hale - Native Hawaiian Cancer Network was funded by the National Cancer Institute to increase research training and mentorship opportunities for Native Hawaiians. To this end, ‘Imi Hale has followed principles of community-based participatory research to engage community members in identifying research priorities and assuring that research is beneficial, and not harmful, to Native Hawaiians. Developing indigenous researchers is a cornerstone of the program and, in its first 4 years ‘Imi Hale enrolled 78 Native Hawaiian “budding researchers (called Nā Liko Noelo in Hawaiian), of which 40 (68%) have participated in at least one training and 28 (36%) have served as investigators, 40 (51%) as research assistants, and 10 (13%) as mentors on cancer prevention and control studies. The major challenge for Nā Liko Noelo is finding the time needed to devote to research and writing scientific papers, as most have competing professional and personal obligations. Program evaluation efforts suggest, however, that ‘Imi Hale and its Nā Liko Noelo program are well accepted and are helping develop a cadré of community-sensitive indigenous Hawaiian researchers. PMID:16281705

Development of a microcomputer based integrated design system for high altitude long endurance aircraft

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hall, David W.; Rogan, J. Edward

1989-01-01

A microcomputer-based integration of aircraft design disciplines has been applied theoretically to sailplane, microwave-powered aircraft, and High Altitude Long-Endurance (HALE) aircraft configurational definition efforts. Attention is presently given to the further development of such integrated-discipline approaches through the incorporation of AI techniques; these are then applied to the aforementioned case of the HALE. The windFrame language used, which is based on HyperTalk, will allow designers to write programs using a highly graphical, user interface-oriented environment.

Design of High Altitude Long Endurance UAV: Structural Analysis of Composite Wing using Finite Element Method

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kholish Rumayshah, Khodijah; Prayoga, Aditya; Mochammad Agoes Moelyadi, Ing., Dr.

2018-04-01

Research on a High Altitude Long Endurance (HALE) Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) is currently being conducted at Bandung Institute of Technology (ITB). Previously, the 1st generation of HALE UAV ITB used balsa wood for most of its structure. Flight test gave the result of broken wings due to extreme side-wind that causes large bending to its high aspect ratio wing. This paper conducted a study on designing the 2nd generation of HALE UAV ITB which used composite materials in order to substitute balsa wood at some critical parts of the wing’s structure. Finite element software ABAQUS/CAE is used to predict the stress and deformation that occurred. Tsai-Wu and Von-Mises failure criteria were applied to check whether the structure failed or not. The initial configuration gave the results that the structure experienced material failure. A second iteration was done by proposing a new configuration and it was proven safe against the load given.

Congreve Rockets

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2004-01-01

The British fired Congreve rockets against the United States in the War of 1812. As a result Francis Scott Key coined the phrase the 'rocket's red glare.' Congreve had used a 16-foot guide stick to help stabilize his rocket. William Hale, another British inventor, invented the stickless rocket in 1846. The U.S. Army used the Hale rocket more than 100 years ago in the war with Mexico. Rockets were also used to a limited extent by both sides in the American Civil War.

Early Rockets

NASA Image and Video Library

2004-04-15

The British fired Congreve rockets against the United States in the War of 1812. As a result Francis Scott Key coined the phrase the "rocket's red glare." Congreve had used a 16-foot guide stick to help stabilize his rocket. William Hale, another British inventor, invented the stickless rocket in 1846. The U.S. Army used the Hale rocket more than 100 years ago in the war with Mexico. Rockets were also used to a limited extent by both sides in the American Civil War.

STS-114: Discovery Mission Status/Post MMT Briefing

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2005-01-01

Bob Castle, Mission Operations Representative, and Wayne Hale, Space Shuttle Deputy Program Manager are seen during a post Mission Management Team (MMT) briefing. Bob Castle talks about the Multi-Purpose Logistics Module (MPLM) payload and its readiness for unberthing. Wayne Hale presents pictures of the Space Shuttle Thermal Blanket, Wind Tunnel Tests, and Space Shuttle Blanket Pre and Post Tests. Questions from the news media about the Thermal Protection System after undocking and re-entry of the Space Shuttle Discovery, and lessons learned are addressed.

Novel bisabolane derivative from "arnica-da-serra" (Vernonieae: Asteraceae) reduces pro-nociceptive cytokines levels in LPS-stimulated rat macrophages.

PubMed

Petinatti Pavarini, Daniel; Nogueira, Elídia Fernandes; Callejon, Daniel Roberto; Soares, Denis Melo; de Souza, Glória Emilia Petto; Cunha, Fernando de Queiroz; Lopes, João L C; Lopes, Norberto Peporine

2013-07-30

Hydro alcoholic leaves extracts (HALE) of Lychnophora ericoides Mart. ("false arnica" or "arnica-da-serra") had been popularly used against pain and inflammatory process. The present work aimed to look for possible active volatile compounds that could be found in HALE of Lychnophora ericoides among the non volatile anti-inflammatory and analgesic compounds previously reported. Harvests were performed during the end of the wet summer season (April) when scented branches were instantly collected and frozen. HALE's were simulated at the lab by following the procedures lectured by the locals. Mass Spectrometry experiments suggested structural information when using both EI-MS and ESI-MS/MS. After isolation through classical thin layer chromatography (TLC) procedures, the NMR experiments and signals assignments were carried out. The effects on the cytokines or nitric oxide (NO) production were assessed at in vitro assays that had monitored the levels of these substances on the supernatant of LPS-stimulated macrophage primary cell culture. The major metabolite from HALE was isolated from the essential oil and the major compound had its molecular formulae established by Mass Spectrometry (High Resolution) and its structure by NMR. Literature-based investigation enables us to define the structure of the new metabolite as 6-methyl-2-(4-methylcyclohex-4-enyl-2-acetyloxy) hept-5-en-2-ol and its name as orto-acetoxy-bisabolol. In vitro assay of interleukins release inhibition was carried out using rat peritoneal macrophages cultures. IL-1β and TNF-α levels were significantly reduced when cells were previously treated with low doses of orto-acetoxy-bisabolol, but neither IL-6 nor NO levels have their levels reduced. Results suggest that ethnical knowledge of anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of the "arnica-da-serra" HALE may be associated to the orto-acetoxy-bisabolol ability on synthesis inhibition of the key inflammatory/hypernociceptive mediators. Phytochemical

Periodicity of sunspot group number during the Maunder Minimum

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gao, P. X.

2017-12-01

Applying the Hilbert-Huang Transform (HHT) method to the yearly average sunspot group (SG) number reconstructed by Svalgaard & Schatten, we investigate the periodicity of SG number from 1610 to 2015. Our main findings are summarized below. Periodicities of 3.56 ± 0.24 (Quasi-Triennial Oscillations), 9.22 ± 0.13 (Schwabe Cycle), 16.91 ± 0.99 (Hale Cycle), 49.25 ± 0.96, 118.64 ± 2.52 (Centennial Gleissberg Cycle), and 206.32 ± 4.60 yr are statistically significant in the SG numbers. During the Maunder Minimum (MM), the occurrences of the Schwabe Cycle and the Hale Cycle, extracted from SG numbers, are suspended; before and after the MM, Schwabe Cycle and the Hale Cycle, extracted from SG numbers, all exist. The results of applying the Morlet Wavelet Analysis to the SG number confirm that, for SG number, the occurrence of the Schwabe Cycle is suspended during the MM, and, before and after the MM, the Schwabe Cycle all exist. Then we investigate the periodicity in the annual 10Be data from 1391 to 1983, which are given in a supplementary file to McCracken & Beer, using HHT and the Morlet wavelet transform. We find that, for the 10Be data, the Schwabe Cycle and the Hale Cycle persist throughout the MM. Our results support the suggestion that the Schwabe Cycle is too weak to be detected in the sunspot data.

Flexible Twist for Pitch Control in a High Altitude Long Endurance Aircraft with Nonlinear Response

DTIC Science & Technology

2008-12-01

Information dominance is the key motivator for employing high-altitude long-endurance (HALE) aircraft to provide continuous coverage in the theaters of operation A joined-wing configuration of such a craft gives the advantage of a platform for higher resolution sensors. Design challenges emerge with structural flexibility that arise from a long-endurance aircraft design. The goal was to demonstrate that scaling the nonlinear response of a full-scale finite element model of a high-altitude long-endurance (HALE) aircraft was possible if the model was aeroelastically and

Longitudinal Static Stability and wake visualization of high altitude long endurance aircraft developed in Bandung institute of technology

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Irsyad Lukman, E.; Agoes Moelyadi, M.

2018-04-01

A High Altitude Long Endurance (HALE) Unamanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) is currently being researched in Bandung Institute of Technology. The HALE is designed to be a pseudo-sattelite for information and communication purpose in Indonesia. This paper would present the longitudinal static stability of the aircraft that was analysed using DATCOM as well as simulation of the wing using ANSYS CFX. Result shows that the aircraft has acceptable stability and the wake from the wing at climbing condition cannot be ignored, however it does not affect the horizontal tail.

Solar Cell to Support Perpetual Flight of High Altitude Long Endurance UAV ITB

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Luqmanul Hakim, Muhammad; Silitonga, Faber Y.; Rosid, Nurhayyan H.; Mochammad Agoes Moelyadi, Ing., Dr.

2018-04-01

Research on a High Altitude Long Endurance (HALE) Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) is currently being conducted at Bandung Institute of Technology to reach the flight duration needed and to get the solution of today’s challenges, minimizing pollution. Besides the good aerodynamic efficiency needed, energy resource is now becoming important. The energy resource must have a good endurance, easy to get, and of course, less pollution. Discussion in this paper is about the analysis of power needed by HALE UAV while takeoff and cruise flight conditions, and then determine the amount of solar cell and battery needed by the UAV.

Homogeneous nucleation in supersaturated vapors of methane, ethane, and carbon dioxide predicted by brute force molecular dynamics.

PubMed

Horsch, Martin; Vrabec, Jadran; Bernreuther, Martin; Grottel, Sebastian; Reina, Guido; Wix, Andrea; Schaber, Karlheinz; Hasse, Hans

2008-04-28

Molecular dynamics (MD) simulation is applied to the condensation process of supersaturated vapors of methane, ethane, and carbon dioxide. Simulations of systems with up to a 10(6) particles were conducted with a massively parallel MD program. This leads to reliable statistics and makes nucleation rates down to the order of 10(30) m(-3) s(-1) accessible to the direct simulation approach. Simulation results are compared to the classical nucleation theory (CNT) as well as the modification of Laaksonen, Ford, and Kulmala (LFK) which introduces a size dependence of the specific surface energy. CNT describes the nucleation of ethane and carbon dioxide excellently over the entire studied temperature range, whereas LFK provides a better approach to methane at low temperatures.

The Distribution, Excitation, and Formation of Cometary Molecules: Methanol, Methyl Cyanide, and Ethylene Glycol

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Remijan, Anthony J.; Milam, Stefanie N.; Womack, Maria; Apponi, A. J.; Ziurys, L. M.; Wyckoff, Susan; A'Hearn, M. F.; de Pater, Imke; Forster, J. R.; Friedel, D. N.; Palmer, Patrick; Snyder, L. E.; Veal, J. M.; Woodney, L. M.; Wright, M. C. H.

2008-12-01

We present an interferometric and single-dish study of small organic species toward Comets C/1995 O1 (Hale-Bopp) and C/2002 T7 (LINEAR) using the BIMA interferometer at 3 mm and the ARO 12 m telescope at 2 mm. For Comet Hale-Bopp, both the single-dish and interferometer observations of CH3OH indicate an excitation temperature of 105 +/- 5 K and an average production rate ratio Q(CH3OH)/Q(H2O) ~ 1.3% at ~1 AU. In addition, the aperture synthesis observations of CH3OH suggest a distribution well described by a spherical outflow and no evidence of significant extended emission. Single-dish observations of CH3CN in Comet Hale-Bopp indicate an excitation temperature of 200 +/- 10 K and a production rate ratio of Q(CH3CN)/Q(H2O) ~ 0.017% at ~1 AU. The nondetection of a previously claimed transition of cometary (CH2OH)2 toward Comet Hale-Bopp with the 12 m telescope indicates a compact distribution of emission, D < 9'' (<8500 km). For the single-dish observations of Comet T7 LINEAR, we find an excitation temperature of CH3OH of 35 +/- 5 K and a CH3OH production rate ratio of Q(CH3OH)/Q(H2O) ~ 1.5% at ~0.3 AU. Our data support current chemical models that CH3OH, CH3CN, and (CH2OH)2 are parent nuclear species distributed into the coma via direct sublimation off cometary ices from the nucleus with no evidence of significant production in the outer coma.

Evidence for Solar-Cycle Forcing and Secular Variation in the Armagh Observatory Temperature Record

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Wilson, Robert M.

1998-01-01

A prominent feature of previous long-term temperature studies has been the appearance of warming since the 1880s, this often being taken as evidence for anthropogenic-induced global warming. In this investigation, the long-term, annual, mean temperature record (1844-1992) of the Armagh Observatory (Armagh, North Ireland), a set of temperature data based on maximum and minimum thermometers that predates the 1880s and correlates well with northern hemispheric and global standards, is examined for evidence of systematic variation, in particular, as related to solar-cycle forcing and secular variation. Indeed, both appear to be embedded within the Armagh data. Removal of these effects, each contributing about 8% to the overall reduction in variance, yields residuals that are randomly distributed. Application of the 10-year moving average to the residuals, furthermore, strongly suggests that the behavior of the residuals is episodic, inferring that (for extended periods of time) temperatures at Armagh sometimes were warmer or cooler (than expected), while at other times they were stable. Comparison of cyclic averages of annual mean temperatures against the lengths of the associated Hale cycles (i.e., the length of two, sequentially numbered, even-odd sunspot cycle pairs) strongly suggests that the temperatures correlate inversely (r = -0.886 at less than 2% level of significance) against the length of the associated Hale cycle. Because sunspot cycle 22 ended in 1996, the present Hale cycle probably will be shorter than average, implying that temperatures at Armagh over this Hale cycle will be warmer (about 9.31 q 0.23 C at the 90% confidence level) than average (= 9.00 C).

A two-step method for developing a control rod program for boiling water reactors

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Taner, M.S.; Levine, S.H.; Hsiao, M.Y.

1992-01-01

This paper reports on a two-step method that is established for the generation of a long-term control rod program for boiling water reactors (BWRs). The new method assumes a time-variant target power distribution in core depletion. In the new method, the BWR control rod programming is divided into two steps. In step 1, a sequence of optimal, exposure-dependent Haling power distribution profiles is generated, utilizing the spectral shift concept. In step 2, a set of exposure-dependent control rod patterns is developed by using the Haling profiles generated at step 1 as a target. The new method is implemented in amore » computer program named OCTOPUS. The optimization procedure of OCTOPUS is based on the method of approximation programming, in which the SIMULATE-E code is used to determine the nucleonics characteristics of the reactor core state. In a test in cycle length over a time-invariant, target Haling power distribution case because of a moderate application of spectral shift. No thermal limits of the core were violated. The gain in cycle length could be increased further by broadening the extent of the spetral shift.« less

Contingency Management Requirements Document: Preliminary Version. Revision F

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2005-01-01

This is the High Altitude, Long Endurance (HALE) Remotely Operated Aircraft (ROA) Contingency Management (CM) Functional Requirements document. This document applies to HALE ROA operating within the National Airspace System (NAS) limited at this time to enroute operations above 43,000 feet (defined as Step 1 of the Access 5 project, sponsored by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration). A contingency is an unforeseen event requiring a response. The unforeseen event may be an emergency, an incident, a deviation, or an observation. Contingency Management (CM) is the process of evaluating the event, deciding on the proper course of action (a plan), and successfully executing the plan.

CO in Distantly Active Comets

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Womack, M.; Sarid, G.; Wierzchos, K.

2017-03-01

The activity of most comets near the Sun is dominated by the sublimation of frozen water, the most abundant ice in comets. Some comets, however, are active well beyond the water-ice sublimation limit of ˜3 au. Three bodies dominate the observational record and modeling efforts for distantly active comets: the long-period comet C/1995 O1 (Hale-Bopp), and the short-period comets (with Centaur orbits) 29P/Schwassmann-Wachmann 1 and 2060 Chiron. We summarize what is known about these three objects with an emphasis on their gaseous comae. We calculate their CN/CO and CO2/CO production rate ratios from the literature and discuss implications, such as HCN and CO2 outgassing are not significant contributors to their comae. Using our own data we derive CO production rates, Q(CO), for all three objects to examine whether there is a correlation between gas production and different orbital histories and/or size. The CO measurements of Hale-Bopp (4-11 AU) and 29P are consistent with a nominal production rate of Q(CO) = 3.5 × 1029 r-2 superimposed with sporadic outbursts. The similarity of Hale-Bopp CO production rates for pre- and post-perihelion suggests that thermal inertia was not very important and therefore most of the activity is at or near the surface of the comet. We further examine the applicability of existing models in explaining the systematic behavior of our small sample. We find that orbital history does not appear to play a significant role in explaining 29P’s CO production rates. 29P outproduces Hale-Bopp at the same heliocentric distance, even though it has been subjected to much more solar heating. Previous modeling work on such objects predicts that 29P should have been devolatilized over a fresher comet like Hale-Bopp. This may point to 29P having a different orbital history than current models predict, with its current orbit acquired more recently. On the other hand, Chiron’s CO measurements are consistent with it being significantly depleted over its

The Mount Wilson-University of California Connection from Hussey and Seares to Mayall and Olin Wilson

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Osterbrock, D. E.

2004-12-01

George Ellery Hale, who founded Mount Wilson Solar Observatory, first visited Lick Observatory in 1890, soon after his graduation from MIT. After his parents' deaths, when he began openly planning a Yerkes Observatory ``expedition" to California, Hale's friend James E. Keeler, then Lick Observatory Director, invited him (in 1899) to locate it on Mt.Hamilton. Hale thanked him, but replied that sites further south would have more clear weather. He had probably already decided on Mount Wilson. There were many close connections between the University of California and Mount Wilson Observatory from that time right up to the present. W.J. Hussey was the Lick astronomer who carried out the official site survey that confirmed Mount Wilson as the best site. Harold Palmer (UC Astronomy PhD 1903) was the first new staff member Hale hired, but he only lasted a few months. The two main reasons for the continuing connection were the geographical proximity of Pasadena and the Bay Area, and the fact that for many years UC was the outstanding graduate astronomy department in the country, producing numerous well trained observational research astronomers. However in the early years the reasons were more complicated. After Palmer, the next three hired at MWO were Arthur King, the first UC Physics PhD (1903); Harold Babcock, (UC Engineering BS 1907); and F.H. Seares (UC Astronomy BS 1895). Harold Babcock trained his son in astronomy almost from birth, and Horace (UC Astronomy PhD 1938) joined the MWO staff after World War II and became its Director in 1964. Palmer and Edward Fath (UC PhD 1909) were less successful at MWO and soon departed. These and numerous other MWO astronomers with UC backgrounds will be mentioned, and their careers discussed.

Transcriptome reprogramming of resistant and susceptible peach genotypes during Xanthomonas arboricola pv. pruni early leaf infection.

PubMed

Gervasi, Fabio; Ferrante, Patrizia; Dettori, Maria Teresa; Scortichini, Marco; Verde, Ignazio

2018-01-01

Bacterial spot caused by Xanthomonas arboricola pv. pruni (Xap) is a major threat to Prunus species worldwide. The molecular mechanisms of peach resistance to Xap during early leaf infection were investigated by RNA-Seq analysis of two Prunus persica cultivars, 'Redkist' (resistant), and 'JH Hale' (susceptible) at 30 minutes, 1 and 3 hours-post-infection (hpi). Both cultivars exhibited extensive modulation of gene expression at 30 mpi, which reduced significantly at 1 hpi, increasing again at 3 hpi. Overall, 714 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were detected in 'Redkist' (12% at 30 mpi and 1 hpi and 88% at 3 hpi). In 'JH Hale', 821 DEGs were identified (47% at 30 mpi and 1 hpi and 53% at 3 hpi). Highly up-regulated genes (fold change > 100) at 3 hpi exhibited higher fold change values in 'Redkist' than in 'JH Hale'. RNA-Seq bioinformatics analyses were validated by RT-qPCR. In both cultivars, DEGs included genes with putative roles in perception, signal transduction, secondary metabolism, and transcription regulation, and there were defense responses in both cultivars, with enrichment for the gene ontology terms, 'immune system process', 'defense response', and 'cell death'. There were particular differences between the cultivars in the intensity and kinetics of modulation of expression of genes with putative roles in transcriptional activity, secondary metabolism, photosynthesis, and receptor and signaling processes. Analysis of differential exon usage (DEU) revealed that both cultivars initiated remodeling their transcriptomes at 30 mpi; however, 'Redkist' exhibited alternative exon usage for a greater number of genes at every time point compared with 'JH Hale'. Candidate resistance genes (WRKY-like, CRK-like, Copper amine oxidase-like, and TIR-NBS-LRR-like) are of interest for further functional characterization with the aim of elucidating their role in Prunus spp. resistance to Xap.

2. Historic American Buildings Survey Alex Bush, Photographer, March 30, ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

2. Historic American Buildings Survey Alex Bush, Photographer, March 30, 1936 SOUTH EAST ELEVATION (GENERAL VIEW) - Southern University, Chancellor's House, College Street, Greensboro, Hale County, AL

COMETWATCHERS: Bringing Research into the Undergraduate Astronomy Curriculum

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Womack, M.

2000-05-01

Integrating research with education has been an evolving process for me and the "Cometwatchers", the students with whom I work. What started as a totally extracurricular activity, has become well-integrated into St. Cloud State Univerity's upper-division courses on Solar System Astronomy and Observational Astronomy. Maintaining a collaboration with six to eight students is a challenge that is made easier and more efficient when we modularize the projects, utilize each person's expertise, hold weekly meetings, require students to write guides and manuals to instruct others, and require students to write up and present their work at meetings. This also helps students to identify and evaluate their contributions to the research. Here I profile the research component in two courses at SCSU that use a student-run optical observatory equipped with a 0.4-m telescope, CCD, UBVRI photometry filters and a fiber-optic spectrograph. Results from some focused research projects are also discussed, including an optical imaging archive of Comet Hale-Bopp, derivation of dust expansion velocities from comet images, analysis of the visible light-curve of comet Hale-Bopp, spectral analysis of millimeter-wavelength ``datacubes" of HCO+ and of other carbon-bearing molecular spectra in comet Hale-Bopp.

12. Historic American Buildings Survey Alex Bush, Photographer, March 30, ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

12. Historic American Buildings Survey Alex Bush, Photographer, March 30, 1936 GENERAL VIEW OF FRONT HALL, SECOND FLOOR - Southern University, Chancellor's House, College Street, Greensboro, Hale County, AL

9. Historic American Buildings Survey Alex Bush, Photographer, July 31, ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

9. Historic American Buildings Survey Alex Bush, Photographer, July 31, 1936 STAGE IN SOUTH END OF AUDITORIUM - Old Southern University, University Avenue (College Street), Greensboro, Hale County, AL

13. Historic American Buildings Survey Alex Bush, Photographer, July 31, ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

13. Historic American Buildings Survey Alex Bush, Photographer, July 31, 1936 NORTH WALL OF AUDITORIUM, SECOND FLOOR - Old Southern University, University Avenue (College Street), Greensboro, Hale County, AL

11. Historic American Buildings Survey Alex Bush, Photographer, April 8, ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

11. Historic American Buildings Survey Alex Bush, Photographer, April 8, 1935 VIEW FROM STAGE TOWARD NORTH, MAIN FLOOR - Old Southern University, University Avenue (College Street), Greensboro, Hale County, AL

5. Historic American Buildings Survey Alex Bush, Photographer, April 8, ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

5. Historic American Buildings Survey Alex Bush, Photographer, April 8, 1935 MAIN HALL TOWARDS SOUTH FROM FRONT DOOR - Old Southern University, University Avenue (College Street), Greensboro, Hale County, AL

75 FR 34199 - Notice of Meeting of the Cultural Property Advisory Committee

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-06-16

... Republic of Bolivia concerning the Imposition of Import Restrictions on Archaeological Material from the... Bolivia. Judith A. McHale, Under Secretary, Public Diplomacy and Public Affairs, Department of State. [FR...

12. Historic American Buildings Survey Alex Bush, Photographer, April 8, ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

12. Historic American Buildings Survey Alex Bush, Photographer, April 8, 1935 VIEW SHOWING BALCONY OF AUDITORIUM (HAS 800 SEATS) - Old Southern University, University Avenue (College Street), Greensboro, Hale County, AL

15. Historic American Buildings Survey Alex Bush, Photographer, April 8, ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

15. Historic American Buildings Survey Alex Bush, Photographer, April 8, 1935 FIREPLACE IN NORTH EAST ROOM ON SECOND FLOOR - Old Southern University, University Avenue (College Street), Greensboro, Hale County, AL

6. Historic American Buildings Survey Alex Bush, Photographer, April 1, ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

6. Historic American Buildings Survey Alex Bush, Photographer, April 1, 1936 MANTEL IN FRONT ROOM (ON LEFT), FIRST FLOOR - Gayle-Locke House, University Avenue (College Street), Greensboro, Hale County, AL

STS-114: Discovery Post MMT Press Conference

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2005-01-01

George Diller, NASA Public Affairs, introduces the panel who consist of: Bill Parsons, Space Shuttle Program Manager; Wayne Hale, Space Shuttle Deputy Program Manager; Ed Mango, Deputy Manager JSC Orbiter Project Office; and Mike Wetmore, Director of Shuttle Processing. Bill Parsons begins by expressing that he is still searching for the problem with the low level fuel sensor inside the external tank. Hale talks about more ambient tests that will be performed to fix this problem. Mango expresses his findings from tests in the aft engine compartment, point sensor box, orbiter wiring, and wire resistance. He also talks about looking in detail into the circuit analysis of the point sensor box. Questions from the news media about tanking tests and extending the launch window are addressed.

STS-121: Discovery Entry Flight Director Post Landing Press Conference

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2006-01-01

Steve Stitch, STS-121 Entry Flight Director, and Wayne Hale, Space Shuttle Program is shown in this post landing press conference. Steve Stitch begins with discussing the following topics: 1) Weather at Kennedy Space Center; 2) Gap filler protrusion; 3) De-orbit burn; 4) Space Shuttle Landing; 5) Global Position Satellite System (GPSS) performance; and 6) Post-landing rain showers. Wayne Hale discusses external tank observations at launch and the goals that were obtained by this flight, which are to deliver 4000 pounds of scientific equipment, increase the crew members to three on the International Space Station (ISS), and repair the ISS. Questions from the press on lessons learned from the Auxiliary Power Unit (APU) leak, and flight readiness reviews are addressed.

Solvent dependent frequency shift and Raman noncoincidence effect of S=O stretching mode of Dimethyl sulfoxide in liquid binary mixtures.

PubMed

Upadhyay, Ganesh; Devi, Th Gomti; Singh, Ranjan K; Singh, A; Alapati, P R

2013-05-15

The isotropic and anisotropic Raman peak frequencies of S=O stretching mode of Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) have been discussed in different chemical and isotopic solvent molecules using different mechanisms. The shifting of peak frequency in further dilution of DMSO with solvent molecule is observed for all solvents. Transition dipole - transition dipole interaction and hydrogen bonding may play a major role in shifting of peak frequencies. The non-coincidence effect (NCE) of DMSO was determined for all the solvents and compared with four theoretical models such as McHale's model, Mirone's modification of McHale's model, Logan's model and Onsager-Fröhlich dielectric continuum model respectively. Most of the theoretical models are largely consistent with our experimental data. Copyright © 2013. Published by Elsevier B.V.

Early Rockets

NASA Image and Video Library

2004-04-15

Science fiction writers, like Jules Verne in France and Edward Everett Hale in America, had discovered one of the most vital elements in the formula for space travel-a fertile imagination. The first known proposal for a marned-satellite appears in a story by Hale entitled "The Brick Moon" published in 1899. The story involved a group of young Bostonians who planned to put an artificial satellite into polar orbit for sailors to use to determine longitude accurately and easily. They planned to send a brick satellite into orbit because the satellite would have to withstand fire very well. The Satellite's 37 inhabitants signaled the Earth in morse code by jumping up and down on the outside of the satellite.

The Brick Moon

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2004-01-01

Science fiction writers, like Jules Verne in France and Edward Everett Hale in America, had discovered one of the most vital elements in the formula for space travel-a fertile imagination. The first known proposal for a marned-satellite appears in a story by Hale entitled 'The Brick Moon' published in 1899. The story involved a group of young Bostonians who planned to put an artificial satellite into polar orbit for sailors to use to determine longitude accurately and easily. They planned to send a brick satellite into orbit because the satellite would have to withstand fire very well. The Satellite's 37 inhabitants signaled the Earth in morse code by jumping up and down on the outside of the satellite.

The HNC/HCN ratio in comets

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Irvine, W. M.; Dickens, J. E.; Lovell, A. J.; Schloerb, F. P.; Senay, M.; Bergin, E. A.; Jewitt, D.; Matthews, H. E.; Ferris, J. P. (Principal Investigator)

1997-01-01

The abundance ratio of the isomers HCN and HNC has been investigated in comet Hale-Bopp (C/1995 O1) through observations of the J = 4-3 rotational transitions of both species for heliocentric distances 0.93 < r < 3 AU, both pre- and post-perihelion. After correcting for the optical depth of the stronger HCN line, we find that the column density ratio of HNC/HCN in our telescope beam increases significantly as the comet approaches the Sun. We compare this behavior to that predicted from an ion-molecule chemical model and conclude that the HNC is produced in significant measure by chemical processes in the coma; i.e., for comet Hale-Bopp, HNC is not a parent molecule sublimating from the nucleus.

VACUUM PUMP (CONDENSATE RETURN). Hot Springs National Park, Bathhouse ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

VACUUM PUMP (CONDENSATE RETURN). - Hot Springs National Park, Bathhouse Row, Hale Bathhouse: Mechanical & Piping Systems, State Highway 7, 1 mile north of U.S. Highway 70, Hot Springs, Garland County, AR

10. Historic American Buildings Survey Alex Bush, Photographer, March 30, ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

10. Historic American Buildings Survey Alex Bush, Photographer, March 30, 1936 MANTEL AND WINDOW TREATMENT IN E. WALL OF LIVING ROOM - Southern University, Chancellor's House, College Street, Greensboro, Hale County, AL

7. Historic American Buildings Survey Alex Bush, Photographer, April 1, ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

7. Historic American Buildings Survey Alex Bush, Photographer, April 1, 1936 MANTEL IN N. WALL OF N. E. CORNER ROOM - Gayle-Locke House, University Avenue (College Street), Greensboro, Hale County, AL

8. Historic American Buildings Survey Alex Bush, Photographer, October 8, ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

8. Historic American Buildings Survey Alex Bush, Photographer, October 8, 1936 SOUTH WALL OF DINING ROOM SHOWING MANTEL AND DOORS - Judge W. E. Torbert House, 1101 South Street, Greensboro, Hale County, AL

75 FR 22121 - Request for Public Comment on the Scope of Viewpoints Represented on the Industry Trade Advisory...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-04-27

... of the trade advisory committee system. As part of this joint review, USTR and Commerce are seeking....commerce.gov ). Dated: April 20, 2010. Nicole Y. Lamb-Hale, Assistant Secretary for Manufacturing and...

9. Historic American Buildings Survey Alex Bush, Photographer, March 30, ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

9. Historic American Buildings Survey Alex Bush, Photographer, March 30, 1936 DETAIL OF N. AND E. WALLS IN LIVING ROOM, FIRST FLOOR - Southern University, Chancellor's House, College Street, Greensboro, Hale County, AL

11. Historic American Buildings Survey Alex Bush, Photographer, October 8, ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

11. Historic American Buildings Survey Alex Bush, Photographer, October 8, 1936 MANTEL ON WEST WALL OF NORTH WEST BEDROOM, SECOND FLOOR - Judge W. E. Torbert House, 1101 South Street, Greensboro, Hale County, AL

11. Historic American Buildings Survey Alex Bush, Photographer, March 30, ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

11. Historic American Buildings Survey Alex Bush, Photographer, March 30, 1936 VIEW OF S. W. CORNER OF S. W. REAR ROOM, FIRST FLOOR - Southern University, Chancellor's House, College Street, Greensboro, Hale County, AL

Comparison of PTR-MS and GC-MS measurements of oxidized VOC and aromatic VOC concentrations at a boreal forest

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kajos, M.

2013-12-01

M.K. Kajos1, M. Hill2, H. Hellén3, P. Rantala1, C. C Hoerger2, S. Reimann2, H. Hakola3, T. Petäjä1, T.M. Ruuskanen1 1 Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, P.O.Box 64, 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland 2 Empa, Laboratory for Air Pollution/ Environmental Technology, Ueberlandstr. 129, 8600 Duebendorf, Switzerland 3 Finnish Metorological Institute, P.O.Box 503, 00101 Helsinki, Finland Oxidized volatile organic compounds (OVOCs) such as acetaldehyde and acetone and aromatic VOCs such as benzene and toluene originate from various natural and anthropogenic sources. The lifetimes of these compounds are relatively long, from hundreds of days in the winter to a few days in summer thus they are effectively transported. Some of them are continuously monitored e.g. benzene due to it being carcinogenic. In this study the volume mixing ratios of acetaldehyde, acetone, benzene and toluene, were measured with two different methods; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) and Proton Transfer Reaction-Mass Spectrometry (PTR-MS). GC-MS is a well-established and old method to measure these compounds with a low, often one hour, time resolution. However it is rather labor intensive method and often used in short term campaigns. The other method, PTR-MS has a sub-minute time resolution and it is suitable for long term continuous measurements. The disadvantage of the PTR-MS is that the identification of the compounds is based on mass only, thus compounds with the same nominal mass cannot be distinguished. Both methods are widely used at atmospheric measurement stations around the world. The concentrations were measured with two GC-MSs and two PTR-MSs (Ionicon Analytik, Austria) at SMEAR II site (Station for Measuring Forest Ecosystem-Atmosphere Relations, 61°51'N, 24°17'E, 181 m a.s.l.) in Hyytiälä, Southern Finland in April-May 2012. The site is a well characterized atmosphere flagship station located in a rural boreal forest (Hari and Kulmala, 2005). The

7. Historic American Buildings Survey Alex Bush, Photographer, October 8, ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

7. Historic American Buildings Survey Alex Bush, Photographer, October 8, 1936 MANTEL IN EAST WALL OF NORTH EAST FRONT ROOM, FIRST FLOOR - Judge W. E. Torbert House, 1101 South Street, Greensboro, Hale County, AL

Defense.gov Special Report: 2013 Fiscal Budget

Science.gov Websites

the fiscal 2013 budget would balance the armed forces' needs with the nation's economic situation, the Remain Superior Force Hale: Budget Request Shows Balance Navy Official Outlines New Budget Priorities

A necessary and sufficient condition for well-posedness of initial value problems of retarded functional differential equations

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Nishiguchi, Junya

2017-09-01

We introduce the retarded functional differential equations (RFDEs) with general delay structure to treat various delay differential equations (DDEs) in a unified way and to clarify the delay structure in those dynamics. We are interested in the question as to which space of histories is suitable for the dynamics of each DDE, and investigate the well-posedness of the initial value problems (IVPs) of the RFDEs. A main theorem is that the IVP is well-posed for any ;admissible; history functional if and only if the semigroup determined by the trivial RFDE x ˙ = 0 is continuous. We clarify the meaning of the Hale-Kato axiom (Hale & Kato [12]) by applying this result to RFDEs with infinite delay. We also apply the result to DDEs with unbounded time- and state-dependent delays.

10. Historic American Buildings Survey Alex Bush, Photographer, October 8, ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

10. Historic American Buildings Survey Alex Bush, Photographer, October 8, 1936 MANTEL AND WINDOW IN EAST WALL OF NORTH EAST ROOM, SECOND FLOOR - Judge W. E. Torbert House, 1101 South Street, Greensboro, Hale County, AL

Celiac Family Health Education Video Series

MedlinePlus Videos and Cool Tools

... Opinion Finance & Billing Pay Your Bill Update Your Information Frequently Asked Questions Family Resources Hale Center for ... for referring providers that gives you access to information about your patient’s care. Learn more Centers & Services ...

7. Historic American Buildings Survey Alex Bush, Photographer, April 8, ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

7. Historic American Buildings Survey Alex Bush, Photographer, April 8, 1935 RIGHT STAIRS TOWARDS WEST IN EAST END OF HALL EAST OF MAIN HALLWAY - Old Southern University, University Avenue (College Street), Greensboro, Hale County, AL

Aerosols increase upper tropospheric humidity over the North Western Pacific

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Riuttanen, Laura; Bister, Marja; John, Viju; Sundström, Anu-Maija; Dal Maso, Miikka; Räisänen, Jouni; de Leeuw, Gerrit; Kulmala, Markku

2014-05-01

Water vapour in the upper troposphere is highly important for the global radiative transfer. The source of upper tropospheric humidity is deep convection, and aerosol effects on them have got attention only recently. E.g., aerosol effects on deep convective clouds have been missing in general circulation models (Quaas et al., 2009). In deep convection, aerosol effect on cloud microphysics may lead to more ice precipitation and less warm rain (Khain et al., 2005), and thus more water vapour in upper troposphere (Bister & Kulmala, 2011). China outflow region over the Pacific Ocean was chosen as a region for a more detailed study, with latitudes 25-45 N and three longitude slots: 120-149 E, 150-179 E and 150-179 W. In this study, we used satellite measurements of aerosol optical depth (AOD) and upper tropospheric humidity (UTH). AOD was obtained from the MODIS instrument onboard Terra satellite, that crosses the equator southward at 10:30 AM local solar time (Remer et al., 2005). UTH was obtained from a microwave humidity sounder (MHS) onboard MetOp-A satellite, with passing time at 9:30 PM local solar time. It measures relative humidity of a layer extending approximately from 500 to 200 hPa. We binned the AOD and UTH data according to daily rainfall product 3B42 from Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) satellite. Binning the data according to the amount of precipitation gives us a new way to account for the possible aerosol invigoration effect on convection and to alleviate the contamination and causality problems in aerosol indirect effect studies. In this study, we show for the first time, based on satellite data, that there is a connection between upper tropospheric humidity and aerosols. Anthropogenic aerosols from China increase upper tropospheric humidity, which causes a significant positive local radiative forcing in libRadtran radiative transfer model (Mayer & Kylling, 2005). References: Bister, M. & Kulmala, M. (2011). Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 4577

STS-102 Launch Activities inside the MCC.

NASA Image and Video Library

2001-03-08

JSC2001-E-06208 (8 March 2001) --- At his console in Houston's Mission Control Center, ascent flight director Wayne Hale monitors Discovery's pre-launch activities several hundred miles away in Florida on STS-102 launch day.

Recent Aqueous Environments in Impact Craters and the Astrobiological Exploration of Mars

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Cabrol, N. A.; Wynn-Williams, D. D.; Crawford, D. A.; Grin, E. A.

2001-01-01

Three cases of recent aqueous environments are surveyed at Mars Orbiting Camera (MOC) high-resolution in the E-Gorgonum, Newton and Hale craters and their astrobiological implications assessed. Additional information is contained in the original extended abstract.

Portrait of Distant Planets

NASA Image and Video Library

2010-04-14

This image taken with the Palomar Observatory Hale Telescope, shows the light from three planets orbiting a star 120 light-years away. The planets star, called HR8799, is located at the spot marked with an X.

Defense.gov Special Report: Fiscal Budget

Science.gov Websites

Request for Fiscal Year 2012 Air Force Budget Targets Efficiencies, Balance Budget Summary Summary of the Transcripts Gates' Opening Summary Secretary Gates Under Secretary Hale and Lt. Gen. Spencer Army Maj. Gen

Infrared Observations of Cometary Dust and Nuclei

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Lisse, Carey

2004-01-01

This bibliography lists citations for publications published under the grant. Subjects of the publications include cometary dust, instellar and interplanetary dust, comet nuclei and comae, Comet Hale-Bopp, infrared observations of comets, mass loss, and comet break-up.

Notes on Linguistics, 1998.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Notes on Linguistics, 1998

1998-01-01

The four issues of the journal of language research and linguistic theory include these articles: "Notes on Determiners in Chamicuro" (Steve Parker); Lingualinks Field Manual Development" (Larry Hayashi); "Comments from an International Linguistics Consultant: Thumbnail Sketch" (Austin Hale); "Carlalinks…

76 FR 30376 - Alabama; Amendment No. 12 to Notice of a Major Disaster Declaration

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-05-25

... April 28, 2011. Cherokee, Choctaw, Colbert, Etowah, Fayette, Hale, Jefferson, Lauderdale, Lawrence... protective measures [Categories A and B], including direct Federal assistance, under the Public Assistance... Disasters); 97.039, Hazard Mitigation Grant) W. Craig Fugate, Administrator, Federal Emergency Management...

Spectroscopic Observations of the Planets

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Owen, Tobias

1998-01-01

During the period under review, the main effort of the research supported by this grant was concentrated on Titan, Iapetus, and two comets, Comet Hyakutake and Comet Hale-Bopp. Significant discoveries were made in each case as summarized in the report.

Holocene reef accretion: southwest Molokai, Hawaii, U.S.A.

USGS Publications Warehouse

Engels, Mary S.; Fletcher, Charles H.; Field, Michael E.; Storlazzi, Curt D.; Grossman, Eric E.; Rooney, John J.B.; Conger, Christopher L.; Glenn, Craig

2004-01-01

Two reef systems off south Molokai, Hale O Lono and Hikauhi (separated by only 10 km), show strong and fundamental differences in modern ecosystem structure and Holocene accretion history that reflect the influence of wave-induced near-bed shear stresses on reef development in Hawaii. Both sites are exposed to similar impacts from south, Kona, and trade-wind swell. However, the Hale O Lono site is exposed to north swell and the Hikuahi site is not. As a result, the reef at Hale O Lono records no late Holocene net accretion while the reef at Hikauhi records consistent and robust accretion over late Holocene time. Analysis and dating of 24 cores from Hale O Lono and Hikauhi reveal the presence of five major lithofacies that reflect paleo-environmental conditions. In order of decreasing depositional energy they are: (1) coral-algal bindstone; (2) mixed skeletal rudstone; (3) massive coral framestone; (4) unconsolidated floatstone; and (5) branching coral framestone-bafflestone. At Hale O Lono, 10 cores document a backstepping reef ranging from ∼ 8,100 cal yr BP (offshore) to ∼ 4,800 cal yr BP (nearshore). A depauperate community of modern coral diminishes shoreward and seaward of ∼ 15 m depth due to wave energy, disrupted recruitment activities, and physical abrasion. Evidence suggests a change from conditions conducive to accretion during the early Holocene to conditions detrimental to accretion in the late Holocene. Reef structure at Hikauhi, reconstructed from 14 cores, reveals a thick, rapidly accreting and young reef (maximum age ∼ 900 cal yr BP). Living coral cover on this reef increases seaward with distance from the reef crest but terminates at a depth of ∼ 20 m where the reef ends in a large sand field. The primary limitation on vertical reef growth is accommodation space under wave base, not recruitment activities or energy conditions. Interpretations of cored lithofacies suggest that modern reef growth on the southwest corner of Molokai, and by

With Great Power Comes Great Responsibility: Navigating through Year One of the Principalship

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Reyna, Angela M.

2017-01-01

Given the intense pressures, expectations, and public scrutiny, school principals now undertake even greater roles and responsibilities than their predecessors (DuFour & Mattos, 2013; Kellough & Hill, 2014; Hale & Moorman, 2003; Fullan, 2003; Deal & Peterson, 2010; Koozes & Posner, 2012). New, or neophyte, principals are…

CHIRONOMID EMERGENCE AND RELATIVE EMERGENT BIOMASS FROM TWO ALABAMA STREAMS

EPA Science Inventory

Chironomid pupal exuviae were sampled monthly using drift nets and hand sieves over an annual cycle from Hendrick Mill Branch (HMB; Blount County, AL) and Payne Creek (PC; Hale County, AL). Taxon richness, community composition, and emergence phonologies were similar despite mar...

Looking Inside Schools of Choice: Eight Portraits.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Clinchy, Evans

1986-01-01

Presents profiles of eight Massachusetts magnet schools: Nathan Hale (Boston); Burncoat Preparatory (Worcester); Rafael Hernandez (Boston); Mill Swan Communications Skill Center (Worcester); Sumner Avenue (Springfield); Arts (Lowell); Graham and Parks Alternative (Cambridge); and City (Lowell). Each profile includes information on school size and…

NASA/University Joint Venture (JOVE) Program

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Magee-Sauer, Karen P.

1999-01-01

Hale-Bopp observations at the NASA IRTF concluded in September 1997. For the post Hale-Bopp period, telescope time was awarded to study comet Giacobini-Zinner in October 1998 at the NASA IRTF. A total of 6 nights were awarded to our team to study the comet where 2 of those 6 nights were awarded to Magee-Sauer as the principal investigator. Other observing trips were awarded to study YSOs (October 1998) and Mars (spring 1999) were Magee-Sauer was a co-investigator. An observing run from July 4 -7 1999 included study of Mars and YSOS. Our group has started to use the NIRSPEC instrument on the Keck II telescope. In collaboration with the development team from UCLA, we obtained images of comet Lee in August 1999. Telescope proposals are submitted each semester for targeted comet observations when a comet is bright enough to observe.

76 FR 38414 - James Campbell National Wildlife Refuge, Honolulu County, HI; Draft Comprehensive Conservation...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-06-30

...] James Campbell National Wildlife Refuge, Honolulu County, HI; Draft Comprehensive Conservation Plan and...`iwa, HI 96712. FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: David Ellis, Project Leader, (808) 637-6330...`ahu National Wildlife Refuge Complex, 66-590 Kamehameha Highway, Room 2C, Hale`iwa, HI 96712. The...

The Green Book of Language Revitalization in Practice.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hinton, Leanne, Ed.; Hale, Ken, Ed.

Essays in this book include the following: "Language Revitalization: An Overview" (Leanne Hinton); "Diversity in Local Language Maintenance and Restoration: A Reason for Optimism" (Anna Ash, Jessie Little Doe Fermino, Ken Hale); "Federal Language Policy and Indigenous Languages in the United States" (Leanne Hinton);…

SEABEE Pretest Results of the Joint Logistics-over-the-Shore (LOTS) Test and Evaluation Program.

DTIC Science & Technology

1977-12-07

in the harbor. None of the equipment required extensive shoring. Some chocks and * wedges were placed on the equipment to increase its stability. P...incident. A subsequent examination revealed considerable structural damage to *the Peck & Hale tie-downs. Evidently one of the latching devices

Asteroid Lightcurve Analysis at Elephant Head Observatory: 2012 November - 2013 April

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Alkema, Michael S.

2013-07-01

Thirteen asteroids were observed from Elephant Head Observatory from 2012 November to 2013 April: the main-belt asteroids 227 Philosophia, 331 Etheridgea, 577 Rhea, 644 Cosima, 850 Altona, 906 Repsolda, 964 Subamara, 973 Aralia, 1016 Anitra, 1024 Hale, 2034 Bernoulli, 2556 Louise, and Jupiter Trojan 3063 Makhaon.

Effective Use of Strategic Communication

DTIC Science & Technology

2010-03-01

disseminated to social networking sites like, MySpace, Twitter and Facebook.24 Judith McHale, the Undersecretary for Public Diplomacy and Public...Obama administration use of social networking sites and the simple posting of his speech on-line made for an effective way to disseminate the

Legislative Environmental Impact Statement. M-X Closely Spaced Basing

DTIC Science & Technology

1982-10-18

Improvement Area, Plainview, Texas, Hale County, Austin: Espey, Houston, and Associates. Thordarson , W., R. A. Young, and I. 1. Winograd, 1967...34 Cu:ural Resources Report No. 21. USDA Forest Service, Southwestern3 IRegion, Albuquerque. Winograd, I. 1., and W. Thordarson , 1975. "Hydrologic ana Hydroci

VizieR Online Data Catalog: BzJK observations around radio galaxies (Galametz+, 2009)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Galametz, A.; De Breuck, C.; Vernet, J.; Stern, D.; Rettura, A.; Marmo, C.; Omont, A.; Allen, M.; Seymour, N.

2010-02-01

We imaged the two targets using the Bessel B-band filter of the Large Format Camera (LFC) on the Palomar 5m Hale Telescope. We imaged the radio galaxy fields using the z-band filter of Palomar/LFC. In February 2005, we observed 7C 1751+6809 for 60-min under photometric conditions. In August 2005, we observed 7C 1756+6520 for 135-min but in non-photometric conditions. The tables provide the B, z, J and Ks magnitudes and coordinates of the pBzK* galaxies (red passively evolving candidates selected by BzK=(z-K)-(B-z)<-0.2 and (z-K)>2.2) for both fields. The B and z bands were obtained using the Large Format Camera (LFC) on the Palomar 5m Hale Telescope, and the J and Ks bands using Wide-field Infrared Camera (WIRCAM) of the Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope (CFHT). (2 data files).

Bactericidal Activity of Usnic Acid-Loaded Electrospun Fibers.

PubMed

Araújo, Evando S; Pereira, Eugênia C; da Costa, Mateus M; da Silva, Nicácio H; de Oliveira, Helinando P

2016-01-01

Usnic acid has been progressively reported in the literature as one of the most important lichen metabolites characterized by a rich diversity of applications such as antifungal, antimicrobial, antiprotozoal and antiviral agent. Particularly, antimicrobial activity of usnic acid can be improved by encapsulation of active molecules in enteric electrospun fibers, allowing the controlled release of active molecule at specific pH. Few relevant patents to the topic have been reviewed and cited. Bactericidal activity of usnic acid-loaded electrospun fibers of Eudragit L-100 and polyvinylpyrrolidone was examined against Staphylococcus aureus using inhibition hales methodology. The controlled release of active material at high pH is established after 10 minutes of interaction with media and results in reasonable activity against S. aureus, as detected by inhibition hales. The strong biological activity of usnic acid-loaded electrospun fibers provides a promising application for corresponding material as a bactericidal agent for wound healing treatment.

Physiological effects of the Mexico City atmosphere on lichen transplants on oaks

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Zambrano, A.; Nash, T.H. III; Gries, C.

1999-10-01

Two lichen species, Usnea ceratina Ach. and Everniastrum neocirrhatum (Hale M. Wirth) Hale ex Sipman, were transplanted for 54 d into an oak forest (Quercus rugosa) in the vicinity of Mexico City to assess their ability to survive near a highly polluted urban environment. Net photosynthesis based on dry weight and chlorophyll b decreased respectively ca. 30 and 25% compared with control samples in a less polluted site, ca. 100 km north of Mexico City. There was no interspecific difference in the response of carbon fixation, but E. neocirrhatum was more sensitive to chlorophyll b degradation near Mexico City thanmore » U. ceratina. Chlorophyll a was also degradated (ca. 15%) near Mexico City. Changes in total carotenes were mostly dependent on species and time rather than on location. High concurrent levels of ozone and sulfur dioxide in the air are discussed as possible causes of the decline in the lichen photosynthesis and chlorophyll content.« less

New Particle Formation (NPF) within the volcanic plume of Piton de la Fournaise at Maïdo observatory (21.1° S 55.4° E), on La Réunion Island.

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Foucart, Brice; Sellegri, Karine; Tulet, Pierre

2017-04-01

Volcanic emissions can have a significant effect on the environment, and may impact climate through the injection of gases and aerosols in the upper troposphere where they have a long residence time and an impact on clouds formation [Makkonen et al., 2012]. The Piton de La Fournaise volcano on La Réunion Island erupted four times in 2015 [Peltier et al., 2016] and volcanic particles were ejected in the atmosphere both as primary particles rapidly deposited due to their large size and secondary particles mainly derived from oxidation of sulphur dioxide. In this study, we focus on this secondary process of forming new aerosol particles (NPF). Sulphuric acid (H2SO4), resulting from SO2 oxidation in the presence of light, is known to be the major precursor to nucleation events [kulmala et al., 2004 and Kerminen et al., 2010]. During the April 2007 eruption of Piton de la Fournaise, Tulet and Villeneuve [2010] estimated by OMI and CALIOP space sensors analysis a total SO2 release of 230 kt, among of which 60 kt that have been transformed into H2SO4 supposing NPF processes. However, the nucleation phenomenon has rarely been directly observed in volcanic environments [Kulmala et al., 2004] except for Mauna Loa volcano on Hawaii [Weber et al., 1995] and for Eyjafjallajokull plume caught at the Puy de Dôme station [Boulon et al., 2011]. Within the STRAP project (Synergie Trans-disciplinaire pour Répondre aux Aléas de Panache Volcanique), a multidisciplinary tracking of a volcanic gas and aerosol plume that has been conducted by Tulet et al. [2016] through a strong collaboration between volcanologists and meteorologists. Part of the measurements were performed at Maïdo observatory (21.1° S 55.4° E) which is located at 40 km from the volcano but which has been reached several times by the volcanic plume, each time accompanied by a NPF event. A statistical analysis of the influence of the plume presence on the NPF frequency, intensity and new particles growth rates is

Experiences in Leadership: Gauging the Impact of Fieldwork

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Barton, Leigh; Cox, Keni

2012-01-01

Principal preparation programs are designed to ensure that candidates who successfully complete the programs are qualified and knowledgeable, and have had leadership experiences that prepare them to compete for leadership positions in today's schools (Hale S.z Moorma, 2003). Providing meaningful leader-ship experiences in non-internship programs…

The Problem Is Education Not "Special Education"

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Fellner, Gene

2015-01-01

In his article, "Urban special education policy and the lived experience of stigma in a high school science classroom," Chris Hale persuasively argues that the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act and subsequent special education policies have largely failed to serve special education students who are stigmatized by their deficit…

Early Rockets

NASA Image and Video Library

2004-04-15

The first known proposal for a marned-satellite appeared in a story by Edward Everett Hale entitled "The Brick Moon." The story involved a group of young Bostonians who planned to put an artificial satellite into polar orbit for sailors to use to determine longitude accurately and easily.

77 FR 10741 - Lock+ Hydro Friends Fund XII, BOST2, LLC, Riverbank Hydro No. 21, LLC, FFP Project 96, LLC...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-02-23

... DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY Federal Energy Regulatory Commission [Project Nos. 14260-000, 14264-000, 14267-000, 14273-000] Lock+ Hydro Friends Fund XII, BOST2, LLC, Riverbank Hydro No. 21, LLC, FFP Project... Greene and Hale counties, Alabama. The applications were filed by Lock+ Hydro Friends Fund XII for...

"Forest Grove v. T. A". Rejoinder to Zirkel: An Attempt to Profit from Malfeasance?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wright, Peter W. D.; Hale, James B.; Backenson, Erica M.; Eusebio, Eleazar C.; Dixon, Shauna G.

2013-01-01

In this issue, Professor Perry Zirkel argues that the points presented in the Dixon, Eusebio, Turton, Wright, and Hale treatise of the Forest Grove School District v. T.A. Supreme Court case confuses "legal requirements with professional norms." Although we appreciate Zirkel's acknowledgment that our position reflects the professional…

Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the Association for Education in Journalism and Mass Communication (74th, Boston, Massachusetts, August 7-10, 1991). Part I: Media and Law, Section A.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Association for Education in Journalism and Mass Communication.

Section A of the Media and Law section of these proceedings contains the following 11 papers: "The Record of the Rehnquist Court on Freedom of Expression" (F. Dennis Hale); "An Examination of the FCC's Minority and Gender Licensing Policies" (Howard Kleiman); "Exploring the Possibilities of an International Right of…

Cardboard Houses with Wings: The Architecture of Alabama's Rural Studio

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Botz-Bornstein, Thorsten

2010-01-01

The Rural Studio, an outreach program of Auburn University, designs innovative houses for poor people living in Alabama's Hale County by using "junk" such as car windshields, carpet tiles, baled cardboard, and old license plates. The article theorizes this particular architecture in terms of Critical Regionalism, developed by…

Spectroscopic classification of ASASSN-17rl as type Ib/c

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bose, S.; Chen, P.; Dong, Subo; Bersier, David; Prieto, J. L.

2018-01-01

We report optical spectroscopic observations of supernova candidate ASASSN-17rl / 2017jea (ATel #11103) done on UT 2017-12-28.47 with DBSP mounted on the Hale 5m telescope at Palomar Observatory and on 2018-01-11.92 with SPRAT mounted on the 2m Liverpool Telescope.

Comparing population health in the United States and Canada

PubMed Central

2010-01-01

Background The objective of the paper is to compare population health in the United States (US) and Canada. Although the two countries are very similar in many ways, there are potentially important differences in the levels of social and economic inequality and the organization and financing of and access to health care in the two countries. Methods Data are from the Joint Canada/United States Survey of Health 2002/03. The Health Utilities Index Mark 3 (HUI3) was used to measure overall health-related quality of life (HRQL). Mean HUI3 scores were compared, adjusting for major determinants of health, including body mass index, smoking, education, gender, race, and income. In addition, estimates of life expectancy were compared. Finally, mean HUI3 scores by age and gender and Canadian and US life tables were used to estimate health-adjusted life expectancy (HALE). Results Life expectancy in Canada is higher than in the US. For those < 40 years, there were no differences in HRQL between the US and Canada. For the 40+ group, HRQL appears to be higher in Canada. The results comparing the white-only population in both countries were very similar. For a 19-year-old, HALE was 52.0 years in Canada and 49.3 in the US. Conclusions The population of Canada appears to be substantially healthier than the US population with respect to life expectancy, HRQL, and HALE. Factors that account for the difference may include access to health care over the full life span (universal health insurance) and lower levels of social and economic inequality, especially among the elderly. PMID:20429875

75 FR 56130 - Pearl Harbor National Wildlife Refuge, Honolulu County, HI; Comprehensive Conservation Plan and...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-09-15

... DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR Fish and Wildlife Service [FWS-R1-R-2010-N160; 1265-0000-10137-S3] Pearl Harbor National Wildlife Refuge, Honolulu County, HI; Comprehensive Conservation Plan and... Kamehameha Highway, Room 2C, Hale`iwa, HI 96712. Alternatively, you may fax comments to the refuge at (808...

The Great Depression and Elementary School Teachers as Reported in "Grade Teacher" Magazine

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Field, Sherry L.; Bellows, Elizabeth

2012-01-01

This study focuses on elementary school teachers during the Great Depression and the role that they played to sustain everyday school activity. The authors draw evidence primarily from the pages of "Grade Teacher" magazine, through teachers' letters written to its editor, Florence Hale, and her responses to them. Opportunities to study…

Readings in Professional Personnel Assessment.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

International Personnel Management Association, Washington, DC.

Thirteen papers are presented that discuss issues in public personnel decision making, specifically in the area of personnel selection. After an introduction by James P. Springer, the following papers are presented: (1) "History of Employment Testing" (Matthew Hale); (2) "Job Families: A Review and Discussion of Their Implications for Personnel…

77 FR 42730 - Change in Bank Control Notices; Acquisitions of Shares of a Bank or Bank Holding Company

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-07-20

... members of The Hales Family Control Group; to gain control of First Trust Financial Corporation, and... FEDERAL RESERVE SYSTEM Change in Bank Control Notices; Acquisitions of Shares of a Bank or Bank Holding Company The notificants listed below have applied under the Change in Bank Control Act (12 U.S.C...

Develoment and Evaluation of Immunomodulators of Hemopoietic and Immunologic Mechanisms.

DTIC Science & Technology

1991-07-02

secretion was much more marked : in the presence of IL-4 cultuie supernatants. these effects were dissociated to some culture supernatants had average IgE...required to induce IgE secretion. and 25. Cobbold . S.. Hale. G. & Waldman. H. 11987) in Leukocvte Tvpine 4 iii) these effects are not inhibited by a

Cicatricial Pemphigoid

MedlinePlus

... can usually prevent blindness. © 2005 American Academy of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology 214 North Hale Street Wheaton, IL 60187 Tel.: 630-510-4552 Fax: 630-510-4501 Toll Free: 888-552-2667 Email: ... mucous membranes, that is, the moist linings of the mouth, the eyes, the nose and throat, and the ...

Closing the Achievement Gap: A Study of Leadership Behaviors of Principals at Title I Distinguished Schools

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Maynard, Liss Althea

2012-01-01

Education, a fundamental privilege in America, has been deemed the great equalizer that should afford each individual access and opportunity (Hale, 2004). However, research has proven that for many students of color, the American dream is simply a nightmare. Many minority students have lagged behind academically, failing to graduate and failing to…

Listening Place

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Piersol, Laura

2014-01-01

Within the field of outdoor education, some theorists argue that although leaps and gains have been made in terms of educating for the intrapersonal or "self"-development, they have come at the expense of the development of equally important relations with the local land and community (Hales, 2006; Loynes, 2002). Given this foregrounding…

Population health and burden of disease profile of Iran among 20 countries in the region: from Afghanistan to Qatar and Lebanon.

PubMed

Shahraz, Saeid; Forouzanfar, Mohammad Hossein; Sepanlou, Sadaf G; Dicker, Daniel; Naghavi, Paria; Pourmalek, Farshad; Mokdad, Ali; Lozano, Rafael; Vos, Theo; Asadi-Lari, Mohsen; Sayyari, Ali-Akbar; Murray, Christopher J L; Naghavi, Mohsen

2014-05-01

Population health and disease profiles are diverse across Iran's neighboring countries. Borrowing the results of the country-level Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors 2010 Study (GBD 2010), we aim to compare Iran with 19 countries in terms of an important set of population health and disease metrics. These countries include those neighboring Iran and a few other countries from the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region. We show the pattern of health transition across the comparator countries from 1990 through 2010. We use classic GBD metrics measured for the year 2010 to indicate the rank of Iran among these nations. The metrics include disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), years of life lost as a result of premature death (YLLs), years of life lost due to disability (YLDs), health-adjusted life expectancy (HALE), and age-standardized death rate (ASD). Considerable and uniform transition from communicable, maternal, neonatal, and nutritional (CMMN) conditions to non-communicable diseases (NCDs) was seen between 1990 and 2010. On average, ischemic heart disease, lower respiratory infections, and road injuries were the three principal causes of YLLs, while low back pain and major depressive disorders were the top causes of YLDs in these countries. Iran ranked 13th in HALE and 12th in ASD. The function of Iran's health care, measured by DALYs, was somewhat in the middle of the HALE spectrum for the comparator countries. This intermediate position becomes rather highlighted when Afghanistan, as outlier, is taken out of the comparison. Effective policies to reduce NCDs need to be formulated and implemented through an integrated health care system. Our comparison shows that Iran can learn from the experience of a number of these countries to devise and execute the required strategies.

Regenerative fuel cells for High Altitude Long Endurance Solar Powered Aircraft

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mitlitsky, F.; Colella, N. J.; Myers, B.; Anderson, C. J.

1993-06-01

High Altitude Long Endurance (HALE) unmanned missions appear to be feasible using a lightweight, high efficiency, span-loaded, Solar Powered Aircraft (SPA) which includes a Regenerative Fuel Cell (RFC) system and novel tankage for energy storage. An existing flightworthy electric powered flying wing design was modified to incorporate present and near-term technologies in energy storage, power electronics, aerodynamics, and guidance and control in order to substantiate feasibility. The design philosophy was to work with vendors to identify affordable near-term technological opportunities that could be applied to existing designs in order to reduce weight, increase reliability, and maintain adequate efficiency of components for delivery within 18 months. The energy storage subsystem for a HALE SPA is a key driver for the entire vehicle because it can represent up to half of the vehicle weight and most missions of interest require the specific energy to be considerably higher than 200 W-hr/kg for many cycles. This stringent specific energy requirement precludes the use of rechargeable batteries or flywheels and suggests examination of various RFC designs. An RFC system using lightweight tankage, a single fuel cell (FC) stack, and a single electrolyzer (EC) stack separated by the length of a spar segment (up to 39 ft), has specific energy of approximately 300 W-hr/kg with 45% efficiency, which is adequate for HALE SPA requirements. However, this design has complexity and weight penalties associated with thermal management, electrical wiring, plumbing, and structural weight. A more elegant solution is to use unitized RFC stacks (reversible stacks that act as both FC's and EC's) because these systems have superior specific energy, scale to smaller systems more favorably, and have intrinsically simpler thermal management.

Flexible twist for pitch control in a high altitude long endurance aircraft with nonlinear response

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bond, Vanessa L.

Information dominance is the key motivator for employing high-altitude long-endurance (HALE) aircraft to provide continuous coverage in the theaters of operation. A joined-wing configuration of such a craft gives the advantage of a platform for higher resolution sensors. Design challenges emerge with structural flexibility that arise from a long-endurance aircraft design. The goal of this research was to demonstrate that scaling the nonlinear response of a full-scale finite element model was possible if the model was aeroelastically and "nonlinearly" scaled. The research within this dissertation showed that using the first three modes and the first bucking modes was not sufficient for proper scaling. In addition to analytical scaling several experiments were accomplished to understand and overcome design challenges of HALE aircraft. One such challenge is combated by eliminating pitch control surfaces and replacing them with an aft-wing twist concept. This design option was physically realized through wind tunnel measurement of forces, moments and pressures on a subscale experimental model. This design and experiment demonstrated that pitch control with aft-wing twist is feasible. Another challenge is predicting the nonlinear response of long-endurance aircraft. This was addressed by experimental validation of modeling nonlinear response on a subscale experimental model. It is important to be able to scale nonlinear behavior in this type of craft due to its highly flexible nature. The validation accomplished during this experiment on a subscale model will reduce technical risk for full-scale development of such pioneering craft. It is also important to experimentally reproduce the air loads following the wing as it deforms. Nonlinearities can be attributed to these follower forces that might otherwise be overlooked. This was found to be a significant influence in HALE aircraft to include the case study of the FEM and experimental models herein.

Discrete Dipole Approximation Models of Crystalline Forsterite: Applications to Cometary Crystalline Silicates

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lindsay, Sean; Wooden, D. H.; Woodward, C. E.; Harker, D. E.; Kelley, M. S.; Murphy, J. R.

2012-10-01

In cometary comae, the crystalline silicate forsterite (Mg2SiO4) is the dominant crystalline component. Within the 8 - 40 micron spectral range, the crystal shape has been demonstrated to have a measurable effect on the crystalline features’ shape and peak wavelength locations. We present discrete dipole approximation (DDA) absorption efficiencies for a variety of forsterite grain shapes to demonstrate: a) that the 10, 11, 19, 23, and 33.5 micron resonances are sensitive to grain shape; b) spectral trends are associated with variations in crystallographic axial ratios; and c) that groups of similar grain shapes (shape classes) have distinct spectral features. These computations are performed using DDSCAT v7.0 run on the NASA Advanced Supercomputing (NAS) facility Pleiades. We generate synthetic spectral energy distribution (SED) fits to the Infrared Space Observatory (ISO) SWS spectra for the coma of comet C/1995 O1 (Hale-Bopp) at a heliocentric distance of 2.8 AU. Hale-Bopp is best fit by equant grain shapes whereas rounded grain shapes fit significantly poorer than crystals with sharp edges with well-defined faces. Moreover, crystals that are not significantly elongated along a crystallographic axis fit better. By comparison with Kobatake et al. (2008) condensation experiments and Takigawa et al. (2009) evaporation experiments, our analyses suggest that the forsterite crystals in the coma of Hale-Bopp predominantly are high temperature condensates. The laboratory experiments show that grain shape and grain formation temperature, and hence disk environment, are causally linked. Specifically, the Kobatake et al. (2008) condensation experiment reveals three shape classes associated with temperature: 1) ‘Bulky’ grains (1300 K < T < 1700 K), 2) ‘Platy’ grains (1000 K < T < 1300 K), and 3) columnar/needle grains (T < 1000 K). We construct DDA grain shape analogs to these shape classes to connect grain shapes to distinguishable spectral signatures and crystal

KSC-06pd0299

NASA Image and Video Library

2006-02-17

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. - At a space shuttle all hands meeting in the training auditorium at NASA's Kennedy Space Center, Space Shuttle Program Manager Wayne Hale discusses effects of Hurricane Katrina on NASA facilities, the status of the program, successes of the STS-114 mission, and the newly released budget. Photo credit: NASA/Jim Grossmann

KSC-06pd0298

NASA Image and Video Library

2006-02-17

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. - At a space shuttle all hands meeting in the training auditorium at NASA's Kennedy Space Center, Space Shuttle Program Manager Wayne Hale discusses the status of the program, successes of the STS-114 mission, effects of Hurricane Katrina on NASA facilities, and the newly released budget. Photo credit: NASA/Jim Grossmann

KSC-06pd0300

NASA Image and Video Library

2006-02-17

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. - At a space shuttle all hands meeting in the training auditorium at NASA's Kennedy Space Center, Space Shuttle Program Manager Wayne Hale discusses effects of Hurricane Katrina on NASA facilities, the status of the program, successes of the STS-114 mission, and the newly released budget. Photo credit: NASA/Jim Grossmann

Economic Vitality: Challenge and Opportunity. Selected Readings from the Fall Conference of the Kansas Library Association: Public Library Section (Hutchinson, Kansas, September 28-29, 1988). Monograph Series Number 9.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Emporia State Univ., KS. School of Library and Information Management.

In September 1988, the Public Library/Trustees Section of the Kansas Library Association, with the support of the School of Library and Information Management at Emporia State University and the Kansas State Library, held a conference on economic vitality. Following a "Review and Preview" by Martha Hale, Dean of the School of Library and…

Eventos de Junio (June Events).

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Pla, Myrna; Toro, Leonor

Written in Spanish, this booklet contains brief information on six June events celebrated by Puerto Ricans: Nathan Hale, Dia de la Bandera (Flag Day), Francisco Oller, Dia de los Padres (Father's Day), Fiesta de San Juan Bautista, and school graduation. Designed for teachers, the booklet includes a listing of 16 historical events occurring in…

Aerial Surveys of Bowhead Whales, North Slope, Alaska.

DTIC Science & Technology

1980-02-01

euphausiids. amphipods. copepods, mysids, and pteropods (Lowrey and Burns). While basically "skimmers," they do forage very near the bottom, at least in...1 3o- t 3-7. IDawhin . Wit1. 1960. lire seasonal migrat ion of* huLmpback whles. pp. 14 5- 17(). In: K.S Norris ted.). W hales. dolphirns, aird

A Programmatic Approach to Determine Eligibility of Prehistoric Sites in the San Diego Subregion, Southern Coast Archeological Region, California, for the National Register of Historic Places

DTIC Science & Technology

2007-08-01

Inland Highland .......................................................................................22 3 Prehistoric Human Adaptations ...highlands on the base has provided valuable insight regarding late Holocene adaptations in these landscapes (Hale and Becker 2005; Reddy 1997a, 2000; York...interpretations of the prehistoric human adaptations in the four landscape categories. Major research issues relevant to the study and the study area are

Use of Aerial Hyperspectral Imaging For Monitoring Forest Health

Treesearch

Milton O. Smith; Nolan J. Hess; Stephen Gulick; Lori G. Eckhardt; Roger D. Menard

2004-01-01

This project evaluates the effectiveness of aerial hyperspectral digital imagery in the assessment of forest health of loblolly stands in central Alabama. The imagery covers 50 square miles, in Bibb and Hale Counties, south of Tuscaloosa, AL, which includes intensive managed forest industry sites and National Forest lands with multiple use objectives. Loblolly stands...

75 FR 3953 - Re-Delegation to Daniel Sreebny of the Functions and Authorities of the Coordinator, Bureau of...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-01-25

... authority vested in me as the Under Secretary of State for Public Diplomacy and Public Affairs by law... Management and Resources, and the Under Secretary of State for Public Diplomacy and Public Affairs may at any.... Judith A. McHale, Under Secretary for Public Diplomacy and Public Affairs. [FR Doc. 2010-1327 Filed 1-22...

A computational fluid dynamics approach to nucleation in the water-sulfuric acid system.

PubMed

Herrmann, E; Brus, D; Hyvärinen, A-P; Stratmann, F; Wilck, M; Lihavainen, H; Kulmala, M

2010-08-12

This study presents a computational fluid dynamics modeling approach to investigate the nucleation in the water-sulfuric acid system in a flow tube. On the basis of an existing experimental setup (Brus, D.; Hyvärinen, A.-P.; Viisanen, Y.; Kulmala, M.; Lihavainen, H. Atmos. Chem. Phys. 2010, 10, 2631-2641), we first establish the effect of convection on the flow profile. We then proceed to simulate nucleation for relative humidities of 10, 30, and 50% and for sulfuric acid concentration between 10(9) to 3 x 10(10) cm(-3). We describe the nucleation zone in detail and determine how flow rate and relative humidity affect its characteristics. Experimental nucleation rates are compared to rates gained from classical binary and kinetic nucleation theory as well as cluster activation theory. For low RH values, kinetic theory yields the best agreement with experimental results while binary nucleation best reproduces the experimental nucleation behavior at 50% relative humidity. Particle growth is modeled for an example case at 50% relative humidity. The final simulated diameter is very close to the experimental result.

Development of the Main Wing Structure of a High Altitude Long Endurance UAV

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Park, Sang Wook; Shin, Jeong Woo; Kim, Tae-Uk

2018-04-01

To enhance the flight endurance of a HALE UAV, the main wing of the UAV should have a high aspect ratio and low structural weight. Since a main wing constructed with the thin walled and slender components needed for low structural weight can suffer catastrophic failure during flight, it is important to develop a light-weight airframe without sacrificing structural integrity. In this paper, the design of the main wing of the HALE UAV was conducted using spars which were composed of a carbon-epoxy cylindrical tube and bulkheads to achieve both the weight reduction and structural integrity. The spars were sized using numerical analysis considering non-linear deformation under bending moment. Static strength testing of the wing was conducted under the most critical load condition. Then, the experimental results obtained for the wing were compared to the analytical result from the non-linear finite-element analysis. It was found that the developed main wing reduced its structural weight without any failure under the ultimate load condition of the static strength testing.

In the grip of the big telescope age

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Devorkin, David H.

2009-08-01

George Ellery Hale was a man of many dreams. One of his most persistent was to find the means to collect as much light as possible, but there is another element in his designs for the modern astrophysical observatory that has even greater significance, as it defines and distinguishes the practice of astrophysics from that of classical astronomy. Here we examine factors that either impeded or drove the acceptance of reflectors over refractors around the turn of the twentieth century at the outset of what may best be called the “Hale era.” This commenced in the late nineteenth century, when the first large multi-focus photographic reflectors emerged during the reign of the great refractors. It lasted through to the onset of World War II when astronomical practice was dominated by ten reflectors with mirrors between 60 and 100 in., and was about to add one more whose surface area would almost double that of all the rest combined. We will touch upon how design choice reflected both scientific priorities and technological limitations.

The Observatory as Laboratory: Spectral Analysis at Mount Wilson Observatory

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Brashear, Ronald

2018-01-01

This paper will discuss the seminal changes in astronomical research practices made at the Mount Wilson Observatory in the early twentieth century by George Ellery Hale and his staff. Hale’s desire to set the agenda for solar and stellar astronomical research is often described in terms of his new telescopes, primarily the solar tower observatories and the 60- and 100-inch telescopes on Mount Wilson. This paper will focus more on the ancillary but no less critical parts of Hale’s research mission: the establishment of associated “physical” laboratories as part of the observatory complex where observational spectral data could be quickly compared with spectra obtained using specialized laboratory equipment. Hale built a spectroscopic laboratory on the mountain and a more elaborate physical laboratory in Pasadena and staffed it with highly trained physicists, not classically trained astronomers. The success of Hale’s vision for an astronomical observatory quickly made the Carnegie Institution’s Mount Wilson Observatory one of the most important astrophysical research centers in the world.

Self-Efficacy, Self-Worth and Stress

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Flynn, Deborah M.; Chow, Peter

2017-01-01

One of the most stressful periods of life has been reported to be the time spent in the post secondary education system (Hales, 2009). As a result, researchers are interested in determining the various correlates associated with the successful coping during this time. It has been well established that self-esteem and self-worth are both factors…

A Practical Project To Help Bilingual Students To Develop Their Knowledge of Science and English Language.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Fouzder, Nani B.; Markwick, Andrew J. W.

1999-01-01

Describes a class project that included a literature search, observation of the Hale-Bopp comet, planning and building a model solar system, and presentation of the model in class. Finds that bilingual students in the class made significant progress in their learning of concepts and the acquisition of English as a result of completing the project.…

Project DATA-TECH. 1990-91 Final Evaluation Profile. OREA Report.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

New York City Board of Education, Brooklyn, NY. Office of Research, Evaluation, and Assessment.

An evaluation was done of New York City Public Schools' Project DATA-TECH, which served limited English proficient high school students interested in computer-aided drafting (CAD) and cosmetology programs. The program served 190 students at Sara J. Hale High School in Brooklyn, of whom 89.5 percent were eligible for the Free Lunch Program and most…

Tempus Pro Patient Monitoring System

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-04-03

AFMSA SG5T, (AFMESA) Mr. John Ingram, AFMSA SG5T, AFMESA Mr. John Plaga , 711 HPW/HP Human Factors Engineering Mr. Paul Bailey, AMC SG/SGR Ms. Lynn...John Plaga , 711 HPW/HP Human Factors Engineering Mr. Paul Bailey, AMC SG/SGR Lt Col Cheryl Hale, AMC SG/SGK Mr. Graham Murphy, RDT Mr. Nigel

High Energy Astronomy Observatory (HEAO)

NASA Image and Video Library

1959-01-01

This image is of the Crab Nebula in visible light photographed by the Hale Observatory optical telescope in 1959. The faint object at the center had been identified as a pulsar and is thought to be the remains of the original star. It had been observed as a pulsar in visible light, radio wave, x-rays, and gamma-rays.

The Development of the Student Stressors and Emotional Disturbance Scale

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Chow, Peter; Flynn, Deborah M.

2016-01-01

It is well established in the literature that the years spent in university or college are deemed to be one of the most stressful periods of life (Hales, 2009). As a result, researchers are striving to create inventories to measure stress, isolate the determinants of stress and the psychological and health outcomes. The purpose of the present…

Coverage of STS-104 Launch Coverage of Flight Controllers in MCC.

NASA Image and Video Library

2001-07-12

JSC2001-E-21333 (12 July 2001) --- From a familiar setting in the shuttle flight control room (WFCR)at Houston's Mission Control Center (MCC), Wayne Hale, ascent flight director for STS-104, pays close attention to new data related to the Space Shuttle Atlantis and its impending launch from the Kennedy Space Center (KSC) in Florida.

Coverage of STS-104 Launch Coverage of Flight Controllers in MCC.

NASA Image and Video Library

2001-07-12

JSC2001-E-21333 (12 July 2001) --- From a familiar setting in the shuttle flight control room (WFCR) at Houston's Mission Control Center (MCC), Wayne Hale, ascent flight director for STS-104, pays close attention to new data related to the Space Shuttle Atlantis and its impending launch from the Kennedy Space Center (KSC) in Florida.

Biomass burning smoke episodes in Finland from Eastern European wildfires

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Leino, Katri E.; Riuttanen, Laura; Nieminen, Tuomo; Dal Maso, Miikka; Väänänen, Riikka; Pohja, Toivo; Keronen, Petri; Järvi, Leena; Aalto, Pasi P.; Virkkula, Aki; Kerminen, Veli-Matti; Petäjä, Tuukka; Kulmala, Markku

2014-05-01

Biomass burning emissions from Eastern Europe are occasionally observed in Finland. In spring of 2006 and the late summers of 2006 and 2010, smoke plumes were transported to large parts of Finland. By combining multiple methods we were able to study the horizontal and vertical properties of long-range transported smoke plume, as well as time evolution of particle number size distributions in an aged biomass burning smoke. In this study we used trace gas and aerosol particle number size distribution measurements at three SMEAR stations (Station for Measuring Forest Ecosystem - Atmosphere Relations; Ruuskanen et al., 2003; Hari & Kulmala, 2005; Järvi et al., 2009). Vertical distribution of the smoke was studied by a small aircraft, Cessna FR172F, instrumented with Ultrafine Condensation Particle Counter and CO2/H2O -gas analyser. The airborne measurements were compared with vertical profiles from a polarization-sensitive, two-wavelength lidar (CALIOP; the Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization; Winker et al., 2009) onboard the CALIPSO satellite (the Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observation). HYSPLIT 4 (Hybrid Single Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory Model; Draxler, 1999) backward trajectories as well as MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) Terra thermal anomalies data (MOD14A1) were used together with synoptic analyses to study the transport and the horizontal distribution of the smoke. In the spring 2006, there was a blocking high pressure system in Eastern Europe and smoke from the Eastern European fires was transported far to the north-west. The smoke episode in Finland lasted for two weeks. In summers of 2006 and 2010 the smoke came to Finland in a warm sector of a low-pressure system and the episodes lasted for less than two days. Smoke plumes had elevated concentrations of aerosol particles, black carbon and CO, and varying concentrations of CO2, SO2, O3 and NOx. The difference to the background air

Modelling Contribution of Biogenic VOCs to New Particle Formation in the Jülich Plant Atmosphere Chamber

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Liao, L.; Boy, M.; Mogensen, D.; Mentel, T. F.; Kleist, E.; Kiendler-Scharr, A.; Tillman, R.; Kulmala, M. T.; Dal Maso, M.

2012-12-01

Biogenic VOCs are substantially emitted from vegetation to atmosphere. The oxidation of BVOCs by OH, O3, and NO3 in air generating less volatile compounds may lead to the formation and growth of secondary organic aerosol, and thus presents a link to the vegetation, aerosol, and climate interaction system (Kulmala et al, 2004). Studies including field observations, laboratory experiments and modelling have improved our understanding on the connection between BVOCs and new particle formation mechanism in some extent (see e.g. Tunved et al., 2006; Mentel et al., 2009). Nevertheless, the exact formation process still remains uncertain, especially from the perspective of BVOC contributions. The purpose of this work is using the MALTE aerosol dynamics and air chemistry box model to investigate aerosol formation from reactions of direct tree emitted VOCs in the presence of ozone, UV light and artificial solar light in an atmospheric simulation chamber. This model employs up to date air chemical reactions, especially the VOC chemistry, which may potentially allow us to estimate the contribution of BVOCs to secondary aerosol formation, and further to quantify the influence of terpenes to the formation rate of new particles. Experiments were conducted in the plant chamber facility at Forschungszentrum Jülich, Germany (Jülich Plant Aerosol Atmosphere Chamber, JPAC). The detail regarding to the chamber facility has been written elsewhere (Mentel et al., 2009). During the experiments, sulphuric acid was measured by CIMS. VOC mixing ratios were measured by two GC-MS systems and PTR-MS. An Airmodus Particle size magnifier coupled with a TSI CPC and a PH-CPC were used to count the total particle number concentrations with a detection limit close to the expected size of formation of fresh nanoCN. A SMPS measured the particle size distribution. Several other parameters including ozone, CO2, NO, Temperature, RH, and flow rates were also measured. MALTE is a modular model to predict

ESO

Science.gov Websites

2009 100 Hours of Astronomy The Eye 3D IMAX® 3D Film Hidden Universe Open House Day 2011 Open House and Jupiter - 1994 Comet Hale Bopp - 1994 Astronomy Communication Seminars Outreach Education Educational Material Science in School ESO Astronomy Camp 2017 ESO Astronomy Camp 2016 ESO Astronomy Camp 2015

Detection of CO and Ethane in Comet 21P/Giacobini-Zinner: Evidence for Variable Chemistry in the Outer Solar Nebula

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Mumma, M. J.; DiSanti, M. A.; DelloRusso, N.; Magee-Sauer, K.; Rettig, T. W.

1999-01-01

Ethane and carbon monoxide were detected in a short-period comet of probable Kuiper belt origin. Ethane is substantially less abundant compared with Hyakutake and Hale-Bopp, two comets from the giant-planets region of the solar nebula, suggesting a heliocentric gradient in ethane in pre-cometary ices. It is argued that processing by X-rays from the young sun may be responsible.

Epilithic lichens in the Beacon sandstone formation, Victoria Land, Antarctica

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hale, M. E.; Friedmann, E. I. (Principal Investigator)

1987-01-01

The epilithic lichen flora on the Beacon sandstone formation in Victoria Land consists of seven species: Acarospora gwynnii Dodge & Rudolph, Buellia grisea Dodge & Baker, B. pallida Dodge & Baker, Carbonea capsulata (Dodge & Baker) Hale comb. nov., Lecanora fuscobrunnea Dodge & Baker, Lecidea cancriformis Dodge & Baker, and L. siplei Dodge & Baker. The typification of the species is given along with descriptions and distribution in Antarctica.

Detection of CO and Ethane in Comet 21P/Giacobini-Zinner: Evidence for Variable Chemistry in the Outer Solar Nebula.

PubMed

Mumma; DiSanti; Dello Russo N; Magee-Sauer; Rettig

2000-03-10

Ethane and carbon monoxide were detected in a short-period comet of probable Kuiper Belt origin. Ethane is substantially less abundant compared with Hyakutake and Hale-Bopp, two comets from the giant-planet region of the solar nebula, suggesting a heliocentric gradient in ethane in precometary ices. It is argued that processing by X-rays from the young Sun may be responsible.

Afghanistan as a Federal System with Autonomous Regions

DTIC Science & Technology

2009-05-21

took place before any type of long-term government in Afghanistan was solidified. In 1927, the new self -appointed King Amanullah, embarked upon a...38 Scott Greer, Nationalism and Self -Government, (State University, NY, 2007) 2-3 19 people with differing...39 Greer, Nationalism and Self -Government, 3-4 40 Greer, Nationalism and Self -Government, 6 41 Henry Hale, “The Federal Option

Forest resources of west central Alabama

Treesearch

A.R. Spillers

1940-01-01

Lying west of Birmingham and north of Demopolis, West Central Alabama (Forest survey Unit Alabama No. 4) includes almost 4.5 million acres within the following 9 counties: Bibb, Fayette, Greene, Hale, Lamar, Marion, Perry, Pickens, and Tuscaloosa (map, fig. 1). This distinctly rural area includes only one incorporated city or town with a population of 2,500 people or...

Evaluation of Augmented REality Sandtable (ARES) during Sand Table Construction

DTIC Science & Technology

2018-01-01

ARL-TR-8278 ● JAN 2018 US Army Research Laboratory Evaluation of Augmented REality Sandtable ( ARES ) during Sand Table...NOTICES Disclaimers The findings in this report are not to be construed as an official Department of the Army position unless so designated by...Evaluation of Augmented REality Sandtable ( ARES ) during Sand Table Construction by Kelly S Hale and Jennifer M Riley Design Interactive

Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Aerial Platforms and Suitable Communication Payloads

DTIC Science & Technology

2014-03-01

High altitude long endurance (HALE) platforms for tactical wireless communications and sensor use in military operations. (Master’s thesis, Naval...the ground, which can offer near limitless endurance. Additionally, running data over wired networks reduces wireless congestion. The most...system that utilizes different wind speeds and wind directions at different altitudes in an attempt to position the balloons for optimal communications

Using Ethics Vignettes in Introductory Finance Classes: Impact on Ethical Perceptions of Undergraduate Business Students

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Cagle, Julie A. B.; Glasgo, Philip W.; Holmes, Vanessa M.

2008-01-01

A number of ethical scandals in the past decade have raised awareness of ethical issues in business. J. M. D'Aquila, D. F. Bean, and E. G. Procario- Foley (2004) reported that 97% of business leaders perceive American businesses as ethical, versus 24.5% of students. G. R. Laczniak, M. W. Berkowitz, R. G. Brooker, and J. P. Hale (1995) provided…

Integrating Unmanned Aerial Vehicles into Surveillance Systems in Complex Maritime Environments

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-09-01

endurance (HALE) Unmanned Aerial Surveillance System and 31 provides the U.S. Navy with demonstration capability primarily for doctrine , concept of...measures against information leakage Implement corresponding doctrines 1.4 Set up communication with other partners Set up communication with...Command and control for joint maritime operations. Joint publication 3-32, change 1. Retrieved from http://www.dtic.mil/ doctrine /new_pubs

The Shock and Vibration Digest. Volume 16, Number 8

DTIC Science & Technology

1984-08-01

x 106 R.C. Diprima and P. Hall to 2.0 x 106, reduced frequencies of 0.015- 0.15, and mean angles of attack of 0 - 10 dog with amplitudes of 10 deg...Bergman and A. L. Hale J. Appi. Mech., Trans. ASME, .Li (1), pp 216-220 linear System identification via porn ... Moment (Mar 1984) 3 figs, 1 table

"Good Politics Is Good Government": The Troubling History of Mayoral Control of the Public Schools in Twentieth-Century Chicago

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Carl, Jim

2009-01-01

This article looks at urban education through the vantage point of Chicago's mayors. It begins with Carter H. Harrison II (who served from 1897 to 1905 and again from 1911 to 1915) and ends with Richard M. Daley (1989 to the present), with most of the focus on four long-serving mayors: William Hale Thompson (1915-23 and 1927-31), Edward Kelly…

X-HALE: A Very Flexible UAV for Nonlinear Aeroelastic Tests

DTIC Science & Technology

2010-04-01

Theseus (right) showing large wing deflections (Courtesy NASA Dryden) Figure 2. Three different “Sensorcraft” configurations1 More...Shearer, C. M., Coupled Nonlinear Flight Dynamics, Aeroelasticity, and Control of Very Flexible Aircraft, Ph.D. thesis , The University of Michigan... Thesis , Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 2003. 24. Cesnik, C.E.S. and Ortega-Morales, M

Frail or hale: Skeletal frailty indices in Medieval London skeletons

PubMed Central

Crews, Douglas E.

2017-01-01

To broaden bioarchaeological applicability of skeletal frailty indices (SFIs) and increase sample size, we propose indices with fewer biomarkers (2–11 non-metric biomarkers) and compare these reduced biomarker SFIs to the original metric/non-metric 13-biomarker SFI. From the 2-11-biomarker SFIs, we choose the index with the fewest biomarkers (6-biomarker SFI), which still maintains the statistical robusticity of a 13-biomarker SFI, and apply this index to the same Medieval monastic and nonmonastic populations, albeit with an increased sample size. For this increased monastic and nonmonastic sample, we also propose and implement a 4-biomarker SFI, comprised of biomarkers from each of four stressor categories, and compare these SFI distributions with those of the non-metric biomarker SFIs. From the Museum of London WORD database, we tabulate multiple SFIs (2- to 13-biomarkers) for Medieval monastic and nonmonastic samples (N = 134). We evaluate associations between these ten non-metric SFIs and the 13-biomarker SFI using Spearman’s correlation coefficients. Subsequently, we test non-metric 6-biomarker and 4-biomarker SFI distributions for associations with cemetery, age, and sex using Analysis of Variance/Covariance (ANOVA/ANCOVA) on larger samples from the monastic and nonmonastic cemeteries (N = 517). For Medieval samples, Spearman’s correlation coefficients show a significant association between the 13-biomarker SFI and all non-metric SFIs. Utilizing a 6-biomarker and parsimonious 4-biomarker SFI, we increase the nonmonastic and monastic samples and demonstrate significant lifestyle and sex differences in frailty that were not observed in the original, smaller sample. Results from the 6-biomarker and parsimonious 4-biomarker SFIs generally indicate similarities in means, explained variation (R2), and associated P-values (ANOVA/ANCOVA) within and between nonmonastic and monastic samples. We show that non-metric reduced biomarker SFIs provide alternative indices for application to other bioarchaeological collections. These findings suggest that a SFI, comprised of six or more non-metric biomarkers available for the specific sample, may have greater applicability than, but comparable statistical characteristics to, the originally proposed 13-biomarker SFI. PMID:28467438

High Altitude Long Endurance UAV Analysis of Alternatives and Technology Requirements Development

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Nickol, Craig L.; Guynn, Mark D.; Kohout, Lisa L.; Ozoroski, Thomas A.

2007-01-01

An Analysis of Alternatives and a Technology Requirements Study were conducted for two mission areas utilizing various types of High Altitude Long Endurance (HALE) Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV). A hurricane science mission and a communications relay mission provided air vehicle requirements which were used to derive sixteen potential HALE UAV configurations, including heavier-than-air (HTA) and lighter-than-air (LTA) concepts with both consumable fuel and solar regenerative propulsion systems. A HTA diesel-fueled wing-body-tail configuration emerged as the preferred concept given near-term technology constraints. The cost effectiveness analysis showed that simply maximizing vehicle endurance can be a sub-optimum system solution. In addition, the HTA solar regenerative configuration was utilized to perform both a mission requirements study and a technology development study. Given near-term technology constraints, the solar regenerative powered vehicle was limited to operations during the long days and short nights at higher latitudes during the summer months. Technology improvements are required in energy storage system specific energy and solar cell efficiency, along with airframe drag and mass reductions to enable the solar regenerative vehicle to meet the full mission requirements.

Prevention of Infections Associated With Combat-Related Eye, Maxillofacial, and Neck Injuries

DTIC Science & Technology

2011-08-01

REVIEW ARTICLE Prevention of Infections Associated With Combat-Related Eye, Maxillofacial, and Neck Injuries Kyle Petersen, DO, FACP, FIDSA...Marcus H Colyer, MD, David K. Hayes, MD, FACS, Robert G. Hale, DDS, R. B1yan Bell, DDS, MD, FACS, and the Prevention of Combat-Related Infections ...article reviews recent data from military and civilian studies to support evidence-based recommendations for the prevention of infections associated

Environmental Assessment Addressing the 301st Fighter Wing Managed Airspace, Naval Air Station Joint Reserve Base, Fort Worth, Texas

DTIC Science & Technology

2009-05-01

Salle County McMullen County Terrell County Blanco County Comal County Texas Oklahoma Dallas- Ft. Worth San Antonio Austin Tulsa Oklahoma City Abilene...County Young County Crockett County Glasscock County Irion County Midland County Brown County Reagan County Sterling County Terrell County Upton...7909 Karl May Drive Waco, TX 76708 Margaret Wood Brown County Clerk 200 South Broadway Brownwood, TX 76801 Jo Ann Hale Coleman County

Discovery and Classification of ZTF Transients

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lunnan, Ragnhild; Taddia, Francesco; Sollerman, Jesper; Barbarino, Cristina; Goobar, Ariel; Fremling, Christoffer; Kasliwal, Mansi; Cannella, Chris; Blagorodnova, Nadejda; Neill, J. Don; Walters, Richard; Ho, Anna; Yan, Lin; Burdge, Kevin; Schulze, Steve; Yaron, Ofer; Gal-Yam, Avishay; Yang, Yi; Graham, Melissa; Golkhou, V. Zach; Bellm, Eric; Parley, Daniel; Zwicky Transient Facility Collaboration

2018-04-01

We report spectroscopic classifications of 17 transients discovered by the Zwicky Transient Facility (ZTF; ATel #11266) during science validation. Additional classifications of older transients have been reported to and are publicly available on the TNS. Spectra were obtained with DBSP at the Palomar 200-in Hale Telescope, with DIS at the ARC 3.5m telescope at Apache Point Observatory, and with SPRAT at Liverpool Telescope.

STS-121 Space Shuttle Processing Update

NASA Image and Video Library

2006-04-27

NASA Administrator Michael Griffin, left, and Associate Administrator for Space Operations William Gerstenmaier, right, look on as Space Shuttle Program Manager Wayne Hale talks from NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center about the space shuttle's ice frost ramps during a media briefing about the space shuttle program and processing for the STS-121 mission, Friday, April 28, 2006, at NASA Headquarters in Washington. Photo Credit (NASA/Bill Ingalls)

Tropical Cyclone Reconnaissance Over the Western North Pacific with the Global Hawk: Operational Requirements, Benefits, and Feasibility

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-09-01

Science mission conducted using the Global Hawk. Ten specialized instruments were installed on the aircraft to explore the upper troposphere and...shorelines and evaluate the potential for marine enforcement surveillance. The HALE UAV used in situ measurements of gases such as ozone , halocarbons...at altitudes of 65000 ft measurements may be obtained through the entire depth of the troposphere . Like many UAVs mentioned previously, the Global

The Stromal Contribution to the Development of Resistance to New-Generation Drugs by Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer

DTIC Science & Technology

2014-10-01

could facilitate resistance to new generation drugs against PCa, such as Enzalutamide or Abiraterone (abi), which target the AR or cytochrome p450 ... cancer . World J. Urol. 23, 1 (2005). 9. A. H. Payne, D. B. Hales, Overview of steroidogenic enzymes in the pathway from cholesterol to active steroid...Development of Resistance to New-Generation Drugs by Castration- Resistant Prostate Cancer PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR: Dr. Amy Lubik

Improving Military Educational Benefits

DTIC Science & Technology

1983-03-16

military to take advantage of their educational benefits . o Adding recruiters or increasing bonuses are less costly ways to increase the number of...as members left to take advantage of their benefits --poorer retention would cancel out five percentage points of that gain. The overall cost of our...IMPROVING MILITARY EDUCATIONAL BENEFITS Statement of Robert F. Hale Assistant Director for National Security and International Affairs

Infrasound Signal Characteristics from Small Earthquakes

DTIC Science & Technology

2010-09-01

INFRASOUND SIGNAL CHARACTERISTICS FROM SMALL EARTHQUAKES J. Mark Hale1, Stephen J. Arrowsmith2, Chris Hayward3, Relu Burlacu1, Kristine L. Pankow1...ABSTRACT Understanding the source properties responsible for infrasound generation is critical to developing a seismo-acoustic data discriminant...mining in the Utah region create a unique setting for the study of near-field infrasound . The Utah network has been operating three permanent infrasound

Ritchey, George Willis (1864-1945)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Murdin, P.

2000-11-01

At first a furniture-maker and woodworker, became an instrument-maker and especially an optician when he obtained part-time work at the observatory of the University of Cincinnati. Met GEORGE ELLERY HALE in Chicago and volunteered to assist him, preparing photographic plates, learning to use the camera to photograph stars and nebulae. Became a full time optician and supervisor of the instrument s...

Operation of the University of Hawaii 2.2M Telescope on Mauna Kea

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

McLaren, Robert A.

1999-01-01

This paper presents a final report from March 1, 1997-February 28, 1999 on the Operation of the University of Hawaii 2.2M Telescope on Mauna Kea. The topics include: 1) Telescope and Instrumentation (Newsletter and Documentation, Scheduling Periods); and 2) Scientific Highlights (The Outer Solar System-Trans-Neptunian Objects and the Kuiper Belt, Comet Hale-Bopp, Near-Earth Asteroids, Asteroid Families, and Galileo Mission Support).

On what basis are medical cost-effectiveness thresholds set? Clashing opinions and an absence of data: a systematic review.

PubMed

Cameron, David; Ubels, Jasper; Norström, Fredrik

2018-01-01

The amount a government should be willing to invest in adopting new medical treatments has long been under debate. With many countries using formal cost-effectiveness (C/E) thresholds when examining potential new treatments and ever-growing medical costs, accurately setting the level of a C/E threshold can be essential for an efficient healthcare system. The aim of this systematic review is to describe the prominent approaches to setting a C/E threshold, compile available national-level C/E threshold data and willingness-to-pay (WTP) data, and to discern whether associations exist between these values, gross domestic product (GDP) and health-adjusted life expectancy (HALE). This review further examines current obstacles faced with the presently available data. A systematic review was performed to collect articles which have studied national C/E thresholds and willingness-to-pay (WTP) per quality-adjusted life year (QALY) in the general population. Associations between GDP, HALE, WTP, and C/E thresholds were analyzed with correlations. Seventeen countries were identified from nine unique sources to have formal C/E thresholds within our inclusion criteria. Thirteen countries from nine sources were identified to have WTP per QALY data within our inclusion criteria. Two possible associations were identified: C/E thresholds with HALE (quadratic correlation of 0.63), and C/E thresholds with GDP per capita (polynomial correlation of 0.84). However, these results are based on few observations and therefore firm conclusions cannot be made. Most national C/E thresholds identified in our review fall within the WHO's recommended range of one-to-three times GDP per capita. However, the quality and quantity of data available regarding national average WTP per QALY, opportunity costs, and C/E thresholds is poor in comparison to the importance of adequate investment in healthcare. There exists an obvious risk that countries might either over- or underinvest in healthcare if they

Super-Comet or Big Asteroid Belt?

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2005-01-01

[figure removed for brevity, see original site] Figure 1: Spectrograph of HD 69830

This graph of data from NASA's Spitzer Space Telescope demonstrates that the dust around a nearby star called HD 69830 (upper line) has a very similar composition to that of Comet Hale-Bopp. Spitzer spotted large amounts of this dust in the inner portion of the HD 69830 system.

The bumps and dips seen in these data, or spectra, represent the 'fingerprints' of various minerals. Spectra are created when an instrument called a spectrograph spreads light out into its basic parts, like a prism turning sunlight into a rainbow. These particular spectra reveal the presence of the silicate mineral called olivine, and more specifically, a type of olivine called forsterite, which is pictured in the inset box. Forsterite is a bright-green gem found on Earth, on the 'Green Sand Beach' of Hawaii among other places; and in space, in comets and asteroids.

Because the dust around HD 69830 has a very similar make-up to that of Comet Hale-Bopp, astronomers speculate that it might be coming from a giant comet nearly the size of Pluto. Such a comet may have been knocked into the inner solar system of HD 69830, where it is now leaving in its wake a trail of evaporated dust.

Nonetheless, astronomers say the odds that Spitzer has caught a 'super-comet' spiraling in toward its star - an unusual and relatively short-lived event - are slim. Instead, they favor the theory that the observed dust is actually the result of asteroids banging together in a massive asteroid belt.

The data of HD 69830's dust were taken by Spitzer's infrared spectrograph. The data of Comet Hale-Bopp were taken by the European Space Agency's Infrared Observatory Satellite. The picture of forsterite comes courtesy of Dr. George Rossman, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena.

Flight directors at JSC MCC Bldg 30 monitor STS-30 prelaunch activities

NASA Image and Video Library

1989-05-04

Only moments away from ignition, Atlantis, Orbiter Vehicle (OV) 104, and its five member crew are the subjects of concern drawing serious countenance in this scene in the Flight Control Room (FCR) of JSC's Mission Control Center (MCC) Bldg 30. Ascent Flight Director Alan L. Briscoe, monitors the Kennedy Space Center pre-launch activity from the flight director (FD) console, along with Ronald D. Dittemore (center) and N. Wayne Hale, Jr.

The Cyber Defense Review. Volume 1, Number 1, Spring 2016

DTIC Science & Technology

2016-04-20

in the Land and Cyber Domains Lieutenant General Edward C. Cardon The U.S. Navy’s Evolving Cyber/ Cybersecurity Story Rear Admiral Nancy Norton...Olav Lysne Cyber Situational Awareness Maj. Gen. Earl D. Matthews, USAF, Ret Dr. Harold J. Arata III Mr. Brian L. Hale Is There a Cybersecurity ...Kallberg The Decision to Attack: Military and Intelligence Cyber Decision-Making by Dr. Aaron F. Brantly The Cyber Defense Review

Characterization of Midface Fractures Incurred in Recent Wars

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-11-01

reconstruction . Key Words: Maxillofacial, facial fractures, early rigid fixation, blast injury (J Craniofac Surg 2012;23: 1587 1591) The percentage of...evaluated by a facial trauma expert that some of these findings are made. Conversely, it is not uncommon to find fractures that are incorrectly...þ Robert G. Hale, DDS,þ and Rodney K. Chan, MDþ Background: Facial injuries sustained by US military personnel during the wars in Iraq and

STS-121 Space Shuttle Processing Update

NASA Image and Video Library

2006-04-27

NASA Administrator Michael Griffin, left, and Associate Administrator for Space Operations William Gerstenmaier, right, look on as Space Shuttle Program Manager Wayne Hale from NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center, holds a test configuration of an ice frost ramp during a media briefing about the space shuttle program and processing for the STS-121 mission, Friday, April 28, 2006, at NASA Headquarters in Washington. Photo Credit (NASA/Bill Ingalls)

Neutron Spectroscopy Using LiF Thin-Film Detectors

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-03-01

Michael A. Ford, BS Second Lieutenant, USAF Approved: LTC Stephen R. McHale (Chairman) Date John W. McClory, PhD (Member) Date Justin A. Clinton, PhD...Member) Date AFIT-ENP-13-M-10 Abstract A stacked array of segmented micro-structured semiconductor neutron detectors (MSNDs) has been fabricated to...conveniently available from radioisotopes , reactions involving incident protons, deuterons, and so on must rely on artificially accelerated particles [12

Task Group on a Culture of Savings: Implementing Behavior Change in DoD

DTIC Science & Technology

2011-01-01

Robert Hale Task Group Chairman – Navy Future Personnel and Pay Solution (FPPS) - Business Case November 30, 2009 – Case for Shared Services in the...Public Sector - Accenture Shared Services in Government - AT Kearney – 2009 Global Shared Services Survey Results - Deloitte – Shared Services - a...Benchmark Study - The Johnson Group – Economics of Business Process Outsourcing - Technology Association of Georgia – State of Shared Services and Business

Coverage of STS-104 Launch Coverage of Flight Controllers in MCC.

NASA Image and Video Library

2001-07-12

JSC2001-E-21341 (12 July 2001) --- From a familiar setting near the rear of shuttle flight control room (WFCR) at Houston's Mission Control Center (MCC), Wayne Hale (second left), ascent flight director for STS-104, pays close attention to new data related to the Space Shuttle Atlantis and its impending launch from the Kennedy Space Center (KSC) in Florida. Several other flight controllers are visible in the wide shot.

Infrasound Signal Characteristics from Small Earthquakes

DTIC Science & Technology

2011-09-01

INFRASOUND SIGNAL CHARACTERISTICS FROM SMALL EARTHQUAKES Stephen J. Arrowsmith1, J. Mark Hale2, Relu Burlacu2, Kristine L. Pankow2, Brian W. Stump3...ABSTRACT Physical insight into source properties that contribute to the generation of infrasound signals is critical to understanding the...m, with one element being co-located with a seismic station. One of the goals of this project is the recording of infrasound from earthquakes of

Hydrodynamic Agents in the Littoral Environment. Phase 1 Progress Report

DTIC Science & Technology

2007-07-06

GEOINT) in the coastal zone. HALE is aimed at improving baseline information that supports decision-making in the dynamic littoral region, and...intertidal zone. It is already apparent from this study that the most useful DEMs should be built annually or seasonally in dynamic regions such as the Han...higher harmonics of the principal lunar and solar semidiurnal constituents. Figure 3-1 illustrates the processes ( dynamics ) and sedimentary

Principles of Basic Wound Evaluation and Management in the Emergency Department

DTIC Science & Technology

2007-01-01

children. Equally acceptable cosmetic results were found when absorbable suture was compared with the use of nonabsorbable suture in pediatric facial ...compared with both nonabsorbable and absorb - able sutures [71]. Octyl-cyanoacrylates may be used in other areas of the body with low skin tension, but...71] Holger JS, Wnadersee SC, Hale DB, et al. Cosmetic outcomes of facial lacerations repaired with tissue adhesive, absorbable and non- absorbable

Prone Positioning Improves Oxygenation in Adult Burn Patients with Severe Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-01-01

Prone positioning improves oxygenation in adult burn patients with severe acute respiratory distress syndrome Diane F. Hale, MD, Jeremy W. Cannon, MD...Kevin K. Chung, MD, San Antonio, Texas BACKGROUND: Prone positioning (PP) improves oxygenation and may provide a benefit in patients with acute... positioning improves oxygenation in adult burn patients with severe acute respiratory distress syndrome 5a. CONTRACT NUMBER 5b. GRANT NUMBER 5c. PROGRAM

Antidepressant drugs and breastfeeding: a review of the literature.

PubMed

Davanzo, Riccardo; Copertino, Marco; De Cunto, Angela; Minen, Federico; Amaddeo, Alessandro

2011-04-01

The use of antidepressants in breastfeeding mothers is controversial: Manufacters often routinely discourage breastfeeding for the nursing mother despite the well-known positive impact that breastfeeding carries on the health of the nursing infant and on his or her family and society. We conducted a systematic review of drugs commonly used in the treatment of postpartum depression. For every single drug two sets of data were provided: (1) selected pharmacokinetic characteristics such as half-life, milk-to-plasma ratio, protein binding, and oral bioavailability and (2) information about lactational risk, according to some authoritative sources of the literature: Drugs in Pregnancy and Lactation edited by Briggs et al. (Lippincott Williams, Philadelphia, 2008), Medications and Mothers' Milk by Hale (Hale Publishing, Amarillo, TX, 2010), and the LactMed database of TOXNET ( www.pubmed.gov ; accessed June 2010). Notwithstanding a certain variability of advice, we found that (1) knowledge of pharmacokinetic characteristics are scarcely useful to assess safety and (2) the majority of antidepressants are not usually contraindicated: (a) Selective serotinin reuptake inhibitors and nortryptiline have a better safety profile during lactation, (b) fluoxetine must be used carefully, (c) the tricyclic doxepine and the atypical nefazodone should better be avoided, and (d) lithium, usually considered as contraindicated, has been recently rehabilitated.

Finite element based stability-constrained weight minimization of sandwich composite ducts for airship applications

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Khode, Urmi B.

High Altitude Long Endurance (HALE) airships are platform of interest due to their persistent observation and persistent communication capabilities. A novel HALE airship design configuration incorporates a composite sandwich propulsive hull duct between the front and the back of the hull for significant drag reduction via blown wake effects. The sandwich composite shell duct is subjected to hull pressure on its outer walls and flow suction on its inner walls which result in in-plane wall compressive stress, which may cause duct buckling. An approach based upon finite element stability analysis combined with a ply layup and foam thickness determination weight minimization search algorithm is utilized. Its goal is to achieve an optimized solution for the configuration of the sandwich composite as a solution to a constrained minimum weight design problem, for which the shell duct remains stable with a prescribed margin of safety under prescribed loading. The stability analysis methodology is first verified by comparing published analytical results for a number of simple cylindrical shell configurations with FEM counterpart solutions obtained using the commercially available code ABAQUS. Results show that the approach is effective in identifying minimum weight composite duct configurations for a number of representative combinations of duct geometry, composite material and foam properties, and propulsive duct applied pressure loading.

KSC-06pd0297

NASA Image and Video Library

2006-02-17

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. - In the training auditorium at NASA's Kennedy Space Center, Deputy Director Bill Parsons, at the beginning of a space shuttle all hands meeting, speaks to employees about his journey through NASA. He was followed by Space Shuttle Program Manager Wayne Hale discussed the status of the program, successes of the STS-114 mission, effects of Hurricane Katrina on NASA facilities, and the newly released budget. Photo credit: NASA/Jim Grossmann

KSC-06pd0296

NASA Image and Video Library

2006-02-17

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. - In the training auditorium at NASA's Kennedy Space Center, Center Director Jim Kennedy (at podium) welcomes Deputy Director Bill Parsons back to the center during a space shuttle all hands meeting. Following Kennedy, Space Shuttle Program Manager Wayne Hale discussed the status of the program, successes of the STS-114 mission, effects of Hurricane Katrina on NASA facilities, and the newly released budget. Photo credit: NASA/Jim Grossmann

Flexibility in Early Stage Design of U. S. Navy Ships: An Analysis of Options

DTIC Science & Technology

2011-01-01

Flexibility in Early Stage Design of US Navy Ships: An Analysis of Options by Jonathan Page B.S., Systems Engineering, US Naval Academy, 2002...8217C/ v = (;!;!: ;: Pat Hale Director, Systems Design and Ma~ement Fellows Program E~i_yfering.S~~pivi~i~ Acceptedby...2. REPORT TYPE 3. DATES COVERED 00-00-2012 to 00-00-2012 4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE Flexibility in Early Stage Design of U. S. Navy Ships: An

Eliminating Major Gaps in DoD Data on the Fully-Burdened and Life-Cycle Cost of Military Personnel: Cost Elements Should be Mandated by Policy

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-01-07

Budgetary Assessment as well as private sector companies . Reserve Forces Policy Board Eliminating Major Gaps in DoD Data on the Fully-Burdened and Life...and utilities costs associated with the housing, childcare and recreation facilities found on major bases. This is true whether the reservist is...Notably, the current Under Secretary of Defense Comptroller, the Honorable Robert Hale has said, “the cost of pay and benefits has risen more than 87

System Analysis Applied to Autonomy: Application to High-Altitude Long-Endurance Remotely Operated Aircraft

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Young, Larry A.; Yetter, Jeffrey A.; Guynn, Mark D.

2006-01-01

Maturation of intelligent systems technologies and their incorporation into aerial platforms are dictating the development of new analysis tools and incorporation of such tools into existing system analysis methodologies in order to fully capture the trade-offs of autonomy on vehicle and mission success. A first-order "system analysis of autonomy" methodology is outlined in this paper. Further, this analysis methodology is subsequently applied to notional high-altitude long-endurance (HALE) aerial vehicle missions.

KSC-06pd0376

NASA Image and Video Library

2006-02-28

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. - NASA managers brief the media about the Space Shuttle Program and mission STS-121 from the press site at NASA's Kennedy Space Center in Florida. Public Information Officer Jessica Rye moderated. Seated at her right are Space Shuttle Program Manager Wayne Hale, NASA Launch Director Mike Leinbach and STS-114 External Tank Tiger Team lead Tim Wilson, with the NASA Engineering & Safety Center. Photo credit: NASA/Jack Pfaller

Future Role for Women in the Armed Forces

DTIC Science & Technology

1976-11-18

American vil Liberties Union Women’s Ri s Project .INVOCAT . ......... ....................... C Ch aplain (Captain) Lorraine Potter, USAF, Pease AFB...Patricia Beyea, Project Coordinator for Women’s ( Rights Project, American Civil Liberties Union , spoke about "Concern for Equality of Opportunities for...LtC Mary J. Hale, USMC 2 2 .A-2 I ( " I’ : MEMBERS OF THE PJBLIC IN ATTENDANCE Ms. Patricia Beyea, The American Civil Liberties Union Ms. Kathleen

Comment on "No evidence of displacement due to wind turbines in breeding grassland songbirds"

USGS Publications Warehouse

Johnson, Douglas H.

2016-01-01

A recent article published in The Condor: Ornithological Applications by Hale et al. (2014) is entitled, “No evidence of displacement due to wind turbines in breeding grassland songbirds.” The conclusion stated in that title, unfortunately, is based on inappropriate statistical analysis of data collected by the authors. In fact, their data provide evidence of potential displacement by wind turbines in 2 of the 3 species considered.

Development of a Compact High Altitude Imager and Sounding Radiometer (CHAISR)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Choi, R. K. Y.; Min, S.; Cho, Y. J.; Kim, K. H.; Ha, J. C.; Joo, S. W.

2017-12-01

Joint Civilian-Military Committee, under Advisory Council on Science and Technology, Korea, has approved a technology demonstration project for developing a lightweight HALE UAV (High-Altitude, Long Endurance). It aims to operate at lower stratosphere, i.e. altitude of 16 20 km, offering unique observational platform to atmospheric research community as pseudo-satellite. NIMS (National Institute of Meteorological Sciences, Korea) is responsible for a payload for atmospheric science, a Compact High Altitude Imager and Sounding Radiometer (CHAISR) to demonstrate scientific observations at lower stratosphere in the interest of improving numerical weather prediction model. CHAISR consists of three microwave radiometers (MWR) with 16 channel, and medium resolution cameras operating in a visible and infrared spectrum. One of the technological challenges for CHAISR is to accommodate those instruments within <3 kg of weight and >50 W of power consumption. CHAISR will experience temperature up to -75°C, while pressure as low as 50 hPa at operational altitude. It requires passive thermal control of the payload to keep electronic subsystems warm enough for instrument operation with minimal power available. Safety features, such as payload power management and thermal control, are considered with minimal user input. Three radiometers measure atmospheric brightness temperature at frequency at around 20, 40, and 50 GHz. Retrieval process yields temperature and humidity profiles with cross track scan along the flight line. Estimated total weight of all radiometer hardware, from the antennas to data acquisition system, is less than 0.8 kg and a maximum power consumption is 15.2 W. With not enough power for blackbody calibration target, radiometers use zenith sky view at lower stratosphere as an excellent calibration target for a conventional tipping-curve calibration. Spatial distributions of clouds from visible and surface temperature from thermal cameras are used as additional

On what basis are medical cost-effectiveness thresholds set? Clashing opinions and an absence of data: a systematic review

PubMed Central

Cameron, David; Ubels, Jasper; Norström, Fredrik

2018-01-01

ABSTRACT Background: The amount a government should be willing to invest in adopting new medical treatments has long been under debate. With many countries using formal cost-effectiveness (C/E) thresholds when examining potential new treatments and ever-growing medical costs, accurately setting the level of a C/E threshold can be essential for an efficient healthcare system. Objectives: The aim of this systematic review is to describe the prominent approaches to setting a C/E threshold, compile available national-level C/E threshold data and willingness-to-pay (WTP) data, and to discern whether associations exist between these values, gross domestic product (GDP) and health-adjusted life expectancy (HALE). This review further examines current obstacles faced with the presently available data. Methods: A systematic review was performed to collect articles which have studied national C/E thresholds and willingness-to-pay (WTP) per quality-adjusted life year (QALY) in the general population. Associations between GDP, HALE, WTP, and C/E thresholds were analyzed with correlations. Results: Seventeen countries were identified from nine unique sources to have formal C/E thresholds within our inclusion criteria. Thirteen countries from nine sources were identified to have WTP per QALY data within our inclusion criteria. Two possible associations were identified: C/E thresholds with HALE (quadratic correlation of 0.63), and C/E thresholds with GDP per capita (polynomial correlation of 0.84). However, these results are based on few observations and therefore firm conclusions cannot be made. Conclusions: Most national C/E thresholds identified in our review fall within the WHO’s recommended range of one-to-three times GDP per capita. However, the quality and quantity of data available regarding national average WTP per QALY, opportunity costs, and C/E thresholds is poor in comparison to the importance of adequate investment in healthcare. There exists an obvious risk that

Constraining Cometary Crystal Shapes from IR Spectral Features

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Wooden, Diane H.; Lindsay, Sean; Harker, David E.; Kelley, Michael S. P.; Woodward, Charles E.; Murphy, James Richard

2013-01-01

A major challenge in deriving the silicate mineralogy of comets is ascertaining how the anisotropic nature of forsterite crystals affects the spectral features' wavelength, relative intensity, and asymmetry. Forsterite features are identified in cometary comae near 10, 11.05-11.2, 16, 19, 23.5, 27.5 and 33 microns [1-10], so accurate models for forsterite's absorption efficiency (Qabs) are a primary requirement to compute IR spectral energy distributions (SEDs, lambdaF lambda vs. lambda) and constrain the silicate mineralogy of comets. Forsterite is an anisotropic crystal, with three crystallographic axes with distinct indices of refraction for the a-, b-, and c-axis. The shape of a forsterite crystal significantly affects its spectral features [13-16]. We need models that account for crystal shape. The IR absorption efficiencies of forsterite are computed using the discrete dipole approximation (DDA) code DDSCAT [11,12]. Starting from a fiducial crystal shape of a cube, we systematically elongate/reduce one of the crystallographic axes. Also, we elongate/reduce one axis while the lengths of the other two axes are slightly asymmetric (0.8:1.2). The most significant grain shape characteristic that affects the crystalline spectral features is the relative lengths of the crystallographic axes. The second significant grain shape characteristic is breaking the symmetry of all three axes [17]. Synthetic spectral energy distributions using seven crystal shape classes [17] are fit to the observed SED of comet C/1995 O1 (Hale-Bopp). The Hale-Bopp crystalline residual better matches equant, b-platelets, c-platelets, and b-columns spectral shape classes, while a-platelets, a-columns and c-columns worsen the spectral fits. Forsterite condensation and partial evaporation experiments demonstrate that environmental temperature and grain shape are connected [18-20]. Thus, grain shape is a potential probe for protoplanetary disk temperatures where the cometary crystalline

"Imposed" and "inherent" mucosal activity patterns. Their composite representation of olfactory stimuli

PubMed Central

1987-01-01

Both regional differences in mucosal sensitivity and a gas chromatography-like process along the mucosal sheet have been separately proposed in two sets of earlier studies to produce different odorant-dependent activity patterns across the olfactory mucosa. This investigation evaluated, in one study, whether and to what degree these two mechanisms contribute to the generation of these activity patterns. Summated multiunit discharges were simultaneously recorded from lateral (LN) and medial (MN) sites on the bullfrog's olfactory nerve to sample the mucosal activity occurring near the internal and external nares, respectively. Precisely controlled sniffs of four odorants (benzaldehyde, butanol, geraniol, and octane) were drawn through the frog's olfactory sac in both the forward (H1) and reverse (H2) hale directions. By combining the four resulting measurements, LNH1, LNH2, MNH1, and MNH2, in different mathematical expressions, indexes reflecting the relative effects of the chromatographic process, regional sensitivity, and hale direction could be calculated. Most importantly, the chromatographic process and the regional sensitivity differences both contributed significantly to the mucosal activity patterns. However, their relative roles varied markedly among the four odorants, ranging from complete dominance by either one to substantial contributions from each. In general, the more strongly an odorant was sorbed by the mucosa, the greater was the relative effect of the chromatographic process; the weaker the sorption, the greater the relative effect of regional sensitivity. Similarly, the greater an odorant's sorption, the greater was the effect of hale direction. Other stimulus variables (sniff volume, sniff duration, and the number of molecules within the sniff) had marked effects upon the overall size of the response. For strongly sorbed odorants, the effect of increasing volume was positive; for a weakly sorbed odorant, it was negative. The reverse may be true

The effects of low solar activity upon the cosmic radiation and the interplanetary magnetic field over the past 10,000 years, and implications for the future. (Invited)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

McCracken, K. G.; McDonald, F. B.; Beer, J.; Abreu, J.; Steinhilber, F.

2009-12-01

The paleo-cosmic ray records based on the radionuclides 10Be and 14 C show that the Sun has experienced twenty two extended periods of low activity (similar to, or longer than the Maunder Minimum) in the past 10,000 years, and many more periods of reduced activity for 2 or more solar cycles similar to the period 1880-1910. The 10,000 yr record shows that solar activity has exhibited three persistent periodicities that modulate the amplitude of the Hale (11/22 year) cycle. They are the Gleissberg (~85 yr); the de Vries (~208 yr); and the Hallstatt (~2200 yr) periodicities. It is possible that the Sun is entering a somewhat delayed Gleissberg repetition of the 1880-1910 period of reduced activity or a de Vries repetition of the Dalton Minimum of 1800-1820; or a combination of both. The historic record shows that the cosmic ray intensity at sunspot minimum increases substantially during periods of reduced solar activity- during the Dalton minimum it was twice the present-day sunspot minimum intensity at 2GeV/nucleon ; and 10 times greater at 100 MeV/nucleon. The Hale cycle of solar activity continued throughout the Spoerer (1420-1540) and Maunder Minima, and it appears possible that the local interstellar cosmic ray spectrum was occasionally incident on Earth. Using the cosmic ray transport equation to invert the paleo-cosmic ray record shows that the magnetic field was <1nT at Hale minima during the Spoerer Minimum and late in the Maunder Minimum. The Sun was at a minimum of the Hallstatt (2200yr) cycle of activity in the 15th century, and is now on a steadily rising plane of activity. Paleo-cosmic ray evidence suggests that there was a greater production of impulsive solar energetic particle events in the solar cycles of reduced solar activity 1880-1910. Based on these observations, three scenarios for the next several decades will be outlined- (a) a single, deep sunspot minimum followed by an active sun; (b) several cycles of reduced solar activity similar to 1880

Fostering sustained energy behavior change and increasing energy literacy in a student housing energy challenge

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Brewer, Robert Stephen

We designed the Kukui Cup challenge to foster energy conservation and increase energy literacy. Based on a review of the literature, the challenge combined a variety of elements into an overall game experience, including: real-time energy feedback, goals, commitments, competition, and prizes. We designed a software system called Makahiki to provide the online portion of the Kukui Cup challenge. Energy use was monitored by smart meters installed on each floor of the Hale Aloha residence halls on the University of Hawai'i at Manoa campus. In October 2011, we ran the UH Kukui Cup challenge for the over 1000 residents of the Hale Aloha towers. To evaluate the Kukui Cup challenge, I conducted three experiments: challenge participation, energy literacy, and energy use. Many residents participated in the challenge, as measured by points earned and actions completed through the challenge website. I measured the energy literacy of a random sample of Hale Aloha residents using an online energy literacy questionnaire administered before and after the challenge. I found that challenge participants' energy knowledge increased significantly compared to non-challenge participants. Positive self-reported energy behaviors increased after the challenge for both challenge participants and non-participants, leading to the possibility of passive participation by the non-challenge participants. I found that energy use varied substantially between and within lounges over time. Variations in energy use over time complicated the selection of a baseline of energy use to compare the levels during and after the challenge. The best team reduced its energy use during the challenge by 16%. However, team energy conservation did not appear to correlate to participation in the challenge, and there was no evidence of sustained energy conservation after the challenge. The problems inherent in assessing energy conservation using a baseline call into question this common practice. My research has

Using Near Space Vehicles in the Pursuit of Persistent C3ISR

DTIC Science & Technology

2005-06-01

point are unmanned. Even so, this paper defines UAVs as aircraft. This section summarizes the Global Hawk, Theseus , Proteus, and Helios, which...reduced altitude and endurance.85 Theseus , built by Aurora Flight Sciences, is a moderately capable HALE. A traditional Honeywell TPE331-14F turboprop...propels the 7,900 lb aircraft up to 60,000 ft (just below near space). Theseus generates 6 kVa to power up to 1,800 lbs of sensors. Two

Heliobactor pylori Virulence Factors and Their Role in Pathogenesis

DTIC Science & Technology

2011-03-25

with duodenal ulceration in Belgium, South Africa , China, or North America. Clin Infect Dis 45:1204-6. 19. Argent, R. H., J. L. Hale, E. M. El-Omar...domestic dogs and cats, to farm animals (cattle and swine), to some non-human primates and humans (81, 85, 264, 330). H. pylori itself is a human and...duodenal ulcer-promoting gene (dupA) of Helicobacter pylori in patients with duodenal ulcer in North Indian population. Helicobacter 12:591-7. 18

Recent Advances in Long Range and Long Endurance Operation of Aircraft (Les Progres Recents dans le Domaine des Operations Aeriennes a Longue Distance et de Longdue Duree)

DTIC Science & Technology

1993-11-01

REPORT by F. MARY 23, Rue de la Croix du Val F-92190 MEUDON FRANCE 1. SUMMARY 3. INTRODUCTION This report reviews the lectures presented at the The...the aircraft drove the design to a stiffness critical structure. INTRODUCTION : During the late eighties and early nineties a number of government...at all with any other existing means. terms of payload and endurance. 3.1.1 Earth monitoring 2. Introduction In this role HALE-UMA aircraft can be

Hiperplasia angiolinfoide com eosinofilia: um caso raro em cavidade oral

PubMed Central

Tenório, Jefferson da Rocha; Gonzaga, Amanda Katarinny Goes; Gonçalves, Patrícia Guerra Peixe; de Oliveira, Denise Hélen Imaculada Pereira; Queiroz, Lélia Maria Guedes

2016-01-01

Resumo A hiperplasia angiolinfoide com eosinofilia (HALE) é considerada uma lesão vascular benigna rara que acomete, principalmente, o tecido cutâneo e subcutâneo da região de cabeça e pescoço, mas incomum na cavidade oral. Sua etiopatogenia permanece indefinida, sendo descrita como proliferação vascular reacional, malformação vascular ou neoplasia. Tem como principal diagnóstico diferencial a doença de Kimura. Este trabalho relata um caso de um paciente do sexo masculino, de 50 anos, que exibia aumento de volume nodular na mucosa do lábio superior, com 3 cm de dimensão e 7 anos de evolução. Após a biópsia excisional, o exame histopatológico mostrou lesão bem encapsulada multilobulada com proliferação de capilares sanguíneos com células endoteliais de aspecto epitelioide, infiltrado inflamatório difuso com linfócitos, plasmócitos, inúmeros eosinófilos e presença de folículos linfoides. A análise imuno-histoquímica revelou positividade para CD34 e Ki-67, o que, juntamente com o exame morfológico, direcionou o diagnóstico para HALE. PMID:29930611

Examination of the Armagh Observatory Annual Mean Temperature Record, 1844-2004

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Wilson, Robert M.; Hathaway, David H.

2006-01-01

The long-term annual mean temperature record (1844-2004) of the Armagh Observatory (Armagh, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom) is examined for evidence of systematic variation, in particular, as related to solar/geomagnetic forcing and secular variation. Indeed, both are apparent in the temperature record. Moving averages for 10 years of temperature are found to highly correlate against both 10-year moving averages of the aa-geomagnetic index and sunspot number, having correlation coefficients of approx. 0.7, inferring that nearly half the variance in the 10-year moving average of temperature can be explained by solar/geomagnetic forcing. The residuals appear episodic in nature, with cooling seen in the 1880s and again near 1980. Seven of the last 10 years of the temperature record has exceeded 10 C, unprecedented in the overall record. Variation of sunspot cyclic averages and 2-cycle moving averages of temperature strongly associate with similar averages for the solar/geomagnetic cycle, with the residuals displaying an apparent 9-cycle variation and a steep rise in temperature associated with cycle 23. Hale cycle averages of temperature for even-odd pairs of sunspot cycles correlate against similar averages for the solar/geomagnetic cycle and, especially, against the length of the Hale cycle. Indications are that annual mean temperature will likely exceed 10 C over the next decade.

Solar-powered unmanned aerial vehicles

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Reinhardt, K.C.; Lamp, T.R.; Geis, J.W.

1996-12-31

An analysis was performed to determine the impact of various power system components and mission requirements on the size of solar-powered high altitude long endurance (HALE)-type aircraft. The HALE unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) has good potential for use in many military and civil applications. The primary power system components considered in this study were photovoltaic (PV) modules for power generation and regenerative fuel cells for energy storage. The impact of relevant component performance on UAV size and capability were considered; including PV module efficiency and mass, power electronics efficiency, and fuel cell specific energy. Mission parameters such as time ofmore » year, flight altitude, flight latitude, and payload mass and power were also varied to determine impact on UAV size. The aircraft analysis method used determines the required aircraft wing aspect ratio, wing area, and total mass based on maximum endurance or minimum required power calculations. The results indicate that the capacity of the energy storage system employed, fuel cells in this analysis, greatly impacts aircraft size, whereas the impact of PV module efficiency and mass is much less important. It was concluded that an energy storage specific energy (total system) of 250--500 Whr/kg is required to enable most useful missions, and that PV cells with efficiencies greater than {approximately} 12% are suitable for use.« less

Urania in the Marketplace: The Selling of Mt. Palomar

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rumstay, Kenneth S.

2016-01-01

The 200-inch Hale telescope atop Mt. Palomar is one of the most iconic scientific facilities ever constructed. The world's largest optical telescope for over a quarter-century, it served as a symbol of hope for America during the Great Depression and in the post-war years. In 2016 we celebrate the eightieth anniversaries of the completion of the mirror blank, the start of construction of the dome and mounting, and the beginning of astronomical research at Palomar Observatory by Fritz Zwicky (with the 18-inch Schmidt camera).During its construction, and for many years after "first light" in 1949, the Hale telescope was prominently featured in numerous magazine advertisements. Most of these represented companies directly involved in its construction, notably Corning Glass Works, which was justly proud of its magnificent accomplishment. But companies only vaguely linked to the project, or not at all, also co-opted the mystique of "the World's Largest Eye" to promote their goods or services. Surprisingly, in light of the fact that it bore responsibility for fabricating the complex and innovative mounting, the Westinghouse Electric & Manufacturing Company appears to have run only a single advertisement (in The National Geographic Magazine) touting its contribution to the project.Examples of magazine advertisements spanning the period 1936 to 1959 are presented.This work was supported by a faculty scholarship grant from Valdosta State University.

The Toxicity of Petroleum and Shale JP5.

DTIC Science & Technology

1983-09-01

CHART NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS 1963 A .7.% -1 Wo .’ .W. .% .’.." .~’N 0 The toxicity of petroleum - and shale JP5 V. Bogo R. W. Young T. A. Hill...Laboratorv Animals, prepared by the Institute of Laboratory Animal Resources. National Research Council. View,, presented in this paper are those of the...34 - ,. , - , - - , , • . . - o -~SI I Toxic!T OF PET7OLEUM AND SrHALE JP-5 47 Introduction In light of the dwindling national reserves ot

STS-114 Flight Director Press Conference, PAO Support

NASA Image and Video Library

2005-08-04

JSC2005-E-32511 (4 August 2005) --- One of four visual aids used by Shuttle Deputy Program Manager Wayne Hale during an August 4 press conference that dealt with important tests in wind tunnels at NASA's Ames Research Center. Engineers simulated the conditions of the Space Shuttle Discovery for a disrupted thermal blanket near the commander's window on the forward cabin of the spacecraft. Eventually it was decided that no additonal spacewalk work needed to be performed to fix the blanket.

A Cultural Resources Reconnaissance for the Wailua River Hydropower Study,

DTIC Science & Technology

1981-04-01

Kaumuali’i, the last chief of Kaua’i. The rest of this large ahupua’a was kept as Crown Lands or the private lands of Kamehameha III (Kauikeaouli), another...1848 Hawaii" that "separated and defined the undivided land interests of King Kamehameha III and the high-ranking chief and konohiki(s)." This was...carried out by the Board of Commissioners To Quiet Land Titles comprised of five commissioners appointed by King Kamehameha III. (Chinen 1974). hale

The Stromal Contribution to the Development of Resistance to New Generation Drugs by Castrate Resistant Prostate Cancers

DTIC Science & Technology

2016-05-01

target the AR or cytochrome p450 (CYP17)A1, respectively (4). By the way of the “seed and soil” paradigm for metastasis, it maybe that Hh signaling from...many of our steroidogenic enzymes of interest in the cancer associated stroma and would like to share that information with us, potentially adding to...prostate cancer . World J. Urol. 23, 1 (2005). 9. A. H. Payne, D. B. Hales, Overview of steroidogenic enzymes in the pathway from cholesterol to

A new dwarf crayfish (Decapoda: Cambaridae) from floodplain swamps in central Alabama.

PubMed

Schuster, Guenter A; Kendrick, Michael R

2017-03-05

Cambarellus (Pandicambarus) rotatus, new species, is a dwarf crayfish from floodplain swamps in the Tombigbee and Black Warrior river drainages of Greene, Hale, and Marengo counties, Alabama. The new species is morphologically most similar to Cambarellus (Pandicambarus) lesliei. They differ in a several morphological characters. Cambarellus rotatus, new species, has gonopods that are rotated mesially so that the terminal elements oppose each other, and they have a short C-shaped sperm groove. These are unique features among known species of Cambarellus.

GENERAL VIEW, WEST SIDE OF UBER STREET FROM SUSQUEHANNA AVENUE, ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

GENERAL VIEW, WEST SIDE OF UBER STREET FROM SUSQUEHANNA AVENUE, LOOKING SOUTHWEST. THE PHILADELPHIA REAL ESTATE RECORD AND BUILDERS’ GUIDE ANNOUNCED IN AUGUST 1886 THAT A “COL. FLOOD” HAD “JUST FINISHED” THIRTY-TWO NINE AND TEN-ROOM HOUSES ON UBER STREET, SIXTEEN ON EACH SIDE ARRANGED IN EIGHT PAIRS OF TWO. WILLIS G. HALE WAS THE ARCHITECT USED FOR THE PROJECT. - 2100 Block North Uber Street (Houses), East & west sides between Diamond Street & Susquehanna Avenue, Philadelphia, Philadelphia County, PA

Airborne observations of new particle formation events in the boundary layer using a Zeppelin

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lampilahti, Janne; Manninen, Hanna E.; Nieminen, Tuomo; Mirme, Sander; Pullinen, Iida; Yli-Juuti, Taina; Schobesberger, Siegfried; Kangasluoma, Juha; Kontkanen, Jenni; Lehtipalo, Katrianne; Ehn, Mikael; Mentel, Thomas F.; Petäjä, Tuukka; Kulmala, Markku

2014-05-01

growing particles that moved over the measurement site. The particles of the regional event as well as the particles of the plume were uniformly distributed in the vertical direction and showed a similar growth rate of approximately 2 nm/h. The plume caused sharp discontinuities in the number size distribution of the growing particle mode. These kinds of discontinuities are seen quite often on SMEAR II data during NPF events and it is likely that they are caused by inhomogeneous NPF in the horizontal direction (possibly narrow long plumes). This work is supported by European Commission under the Framework Programme 7 (FP7-ENV-2010-265148) and by the Academy of Finland Centre of Excellence program (project no. 1118615). The Zeppelin is accompanied by an international team of scientists and technicians. They are all warmly acknowledged. References [1] Kulmala, M., et al., (2013), Direct Observations of Atmospheric Aerosol Nucleation, Science, 339, 943-946 [2] Kulmala, M., et al., (2012), Measurement of the nucleation of atmospheric aerosol particles, Nature Protocols, 7, 1651-1667

Introduction to Dynamic Bifurcation.

DTIC Science & Technology

1983-05-01

D-Ai33 252 INTRODUCTION TO DYNAMIC BIFtJRCATION(U) BROWIN UNIV PROVIDENCE RI LEFSCHETZ CENTER FOR DYNAMICAL SYSTEMS J K HALE MAY 83 LCDS-83-16 AFOSR...AV 04 Lefschetz Center for Dynamical Systems 0@0 UNCLASSIFIED. %;". "" I " PO. T NUMUER i2 ACCLSSIONNO .l l’. " . 0’l . 11...A0., .,N ; Lefschet; Center for Dynamical Systems Div. of Applied Math., Prov., R.I. 02912 PE61102F; 2304/A4 "t. CONTrOLLING OFFICE NAME AND ADORESS

Chemistry in cometary comae

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Irvine, W. M.; Dickens, J. E.; Lovell, A. J.; Schloerb, F. P.; Senay, M.; Bergin, E. A.; Jewitt, D.; Matthews, H. E.

1998-01-01

Significant gas-phase chemistry occurs in the comae of bright comets, as is demonstrated here for the case of Comet Hale-Bopp. The abundance ratio of the two isomers, hydrogen cyanide and hydrogen isocyanide, is shown to vary with heliocentric distance in a way that is consistent with production of HNC by ion-molecule chemistry initiated by the photoionization of water. Likewise, the first maps of emission from HCO+ show an abundance and an extended distribution that are consistent with the same chemical model.

U.S. Geological Survey Emerging Applications of Unmanned Aircraft Systems

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hutt, M. E.

2012-12-01

In anticipation of transforming the research methods and resource management techniques employed across the Department of the Interior, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) Project Office is conducting missions using small UAS- sUAS platforms (<20 lbs.). The USGS is dedicated to expanding the use of sUAS technology in support of scientific, resource and land management missions. UAS technology is currently being used by USGS and our partners to monitor environmental conditions, analyze the impacts of climate change, respond to natural hazards, understand landscape change rates and consequences, conduct wildlife inventories and support related land management and law enforcement missions. Our ultimate goal is to support informed decision making by creating the opportunity, via UAS technology, to gain access to an increased level of persistent monitoring of earth surface processes (forest health conditions, wildfires, earthquake zones, invasive species, etc.) in areas that have been logistically difficult, cost prohibitive or technically impossible to obtain consistent, reliable, timely information. USGS is teaming with the Department of the Interior Aviation Management Directorate to ensure the safe and cost effective adoption of UAS technology. While the USGS is concentrating on operating sUAS, the immense value of increased flight time and more robust sensor capabilities available on larger platforms cannot be ignored. We are partnering with several groups including the Department of Homeland Security, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Department of Defense, and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration for access to data collected from their fleet of high altitude, long endurance (HALE) UAS. The HALE systems include state of the art sensors including Electro-Optical, Thermal Infrared and Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR). The data being collected by High Altitude, Long Endurance (HALE) systems is can be routinely

Observation of solar-system objects with the ISO satellite

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Encrenaz, Therese

1998-09-01

The ISO (Infrared Space Observatory) mission was an ESA earth-orbiting satellite devoted to the infrared observation of astronomical sources. The 60-cm helium-cooled telescope was launched in November 1995 and ended its life in May 1998. The satellite was equipped with 4 focal-plane instruments: a camera (CAM, 2.5-17 microns), a photometer (PHT, 2-200 microns) and two spectrometers, SWS (2.3-45 microns) and LWS (45-180 microns). A description of the ISO mission can be found in Kessler et al.(A&A 315 L27, 1996). Observations with ISO have been performed on all classes of solar-system objects. Several important discoveries have been obtained from the ISO data, in particular with the SWS instrument. A few of them are listed below: (1) a new determination of D/H on the four giant planets; (2) the discovery of an external source of water in the stratospheres of the giant planets and Titan; (3) the detection of CO_2 in the stratospheres of Jupiter, Saturn and Neptune; (4) the detection of new hydrocarbons (CH_3C_2H, C_4H_2, C_6H_6, CH_3) in Saturn's stratosphere; (5) the detection of tropospheric water in Saturn; (6) the detection of CO_2 in comet Hale-Bopp at far heliocentric distances (4.6 AU); (7) the first detection of forsterite (Mg_2SiO_4) in the dust of comet Hale-Bopp; (7) the determination of the formation temperature of comets Hale-Bopp and Hartley 2 (27 K and 35 K respectively) from the measurement of the ortho-para ratio in their H_2O nu _3 emission lines. In addition, ISO spectra of Titan, Io and the other galilean satellites, and asteroids were also recorded; IR photometry was achieved on Pluto, distant comets and zodiacal light. Preliminary results can be found in Crovisier et al. (A&A 315 L385, 1996; Science 275 1904, 1996), Encrenaz et al. (A&A 315 L397, 1996; A&A 333 L43, 1998), de Graauw et al. (A&A 321 L13, 1997), Feuchtgruber et al. (Nature 389 159, 1997), Griffin et al. (A&A 315 L389, 1996), Davis et al. (A&A 315 L393, 1996), Reach et al. (A&A 315 L

Chronomics of tree rings for chronoastrobiology and beyond.

PubMed

Nintcheu-Fata, Sylvain; Katinas, George; Halberg, Franz; Cornélissen, Germaine; Tolstykh, Victor; Michael, Henry N; Otsuka, Kuniaki; Schwartzkopff, Othild; Bakken, Earl

2003-10-01

Gliding spectral windows illustrate the changes as a function of time in the relative prominence of signals in a given frequency range, viewed in 3D or as surface charts. As an example, the method is applied to a 2,189-year series of averages of ring measurements on 11 sequoia trees published by Douglass. Analyses of the original data and after filtering reveal, among others, components with periods of about 10.5 and 21 years similar to the Schwabe and Hale solar activity cycles. An alignment of gliding spectra with a global spectrum serves to define, by minima, the ranges of variability around the anticipated Schwabe and Hale cycles. This procedure may have more general applicability when dealing with ranges of only transiently synchronized, wobbly, and perhaps sometimes free-running periodicities. Solar activity is known to affect climate and changes in climate are reflected to some extent in tree growth. The spectral structure in tree rings could serve not only to check any relations of climate with sunspots, auroras and more modern measures of solar activity, but also to check any purely mathematical extrapolations from the much shorter available actual data on solar activity. With such extrapolated series and the data analyzed herein, the task remains to align physical and physiological variables to further study the influence of natural environmental factors near and far on biota, including international battles, which cover an even longer span of 2,556 years.

PERSPECTIVE VIEW, CORNER UNIT AND REPRESENTATIVE INTERIOR HOUSE (NOS. 1921 ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

PERSPECTIVE VIEW, CORNER UNIT AND REPRESENTATIVE INTERIOR HOUSE (NOS. 1921 AND 1923). THE TWO ATTACHED STRUCTURES WERE ONCE PART OF AN EIGHT-UNIT ROW EXTENDING FOR ONE-HALF A BLOCK ON THE NORTH SIDE OF DIAMOND STREET WEST FROM NINETEENTH STREET. THIS DEVELOPMENT LIKELY ALSO INCLUDED FOUR DWELLINGS IMMEDIATELY BEHIND THESE HOUSES TO THE NORTH, FRONTING ON NINETEENTH STREET. A NOTICE FROM THE MAY 28, 1890 ISSUE OF PHILADELPHIA REAL ESTATE RECORD AND BUILDERS’ GUIDE ANNOUNCED THE DEVELOPMENT’S ANTICIPATED CONSTRUCTION BY PROLIFIC LOCAL REAL ESTATE AGENT/BUILDER THOMAS H. PARKS, WHO LIVED ONLY ONE BLOCK AWAY AT THE CORNER OF GRATZ AND DIAMOND STREETS (IN NO. 1821, NOW LOST). THOMAS PARKS HAD USED ARCHITECT ANGUS S. WADE FOR THE 1800 BLOCK OF DIAMOND STREET, BUT IT APPEARS THAT HE MAY HAVE EMPLOYED ANOTHER OF POPULAR ARCHITECT WILLIS G. HALE’S PROTÉGÉS, ROBERT W. MARPLE, FOR THIS BLOCK, AT LEAST FOR THE SUPERINTENDENCE OF ITS CONSTRUCTION. THE HOUSES’ EBULLIENCE AND EXOTICISM SUGGESTS HALE’S WORK OR THAT OF HISO FFICE; THEY BEAR NOTABLE SIMILARITY TO HOUSES DESIGNED BY HALE A YEAR EARLIER IN THE 1800 BLOCK OF W. GIRARD AVENUE. SEE HABS PA-6677 FOR MORE ON THOMAS PARKS AND THE 1800 BLOCK OF DIAMOND STREET, AND HABS PA-6678, FOR ADDITIONAL INFORMATION ABOUT WILLIS HALE AND THE 1800 BLOCK OF W. GIRARD AVENUE. - 1900 Block Diamond Street (Houses), Northwest corner of Diamond & Uber Streets, Philadelphia, Philadelphia County, PA

STS-121: Discovery Post Flight Readiness Review Briefing

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2006-01-01

This post Flight Readiness Review (FRR) briefing begins with NASA Press Secretary Dean Acosta, introducing the panel who consist of: NASA Administrator, Dr. Michael Griffin; Associate Administrator for Space Operations, Bill Gerstenmaier; Space Shuttle Program Manager, Wayne Hale; and NASA Launch director, Mike Leinbach. The discussion begins with Dr. Michael Griffin, who expresses his gladness to be a part of the FRR. Bill Gerstenmaier talks about how they were very thorough about the subjects reviewed and that they wanted to make sure that they were ready to fly. He discusses and presents two slides. The first slide is a description of the LO2 intertank and LH2 ice/frost ramps staging location and the second are the top ten LH2 Ice/Frost Ramp Foam Loss events. Wayne Hale gives his thoughts on the human element that came into play during the FRRs. He talks about the willingness of everyone to speak their mind, instead of giving short comments. He expressed that this element is a huge step forward for NASA. Mike Leinbach reports on the processing of the vehicle and expresses that everything is going well and there is nothing to prohibit the launch. He also gives a good report on Atlantis, in case there is a need to use the vehicle. This FRR briefing ends with a short question and answer period from the press on topics such as debris, foam loss, ice/frost ramp redesign, crew risks, and launch date.

A Phase-Shifting Zernike Wavefront Sensor for the Palomar P3K Adaptive Optics System

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Wallace, J. Kent; Crawford, Sam; Loya, Frank; Moore, James

2012-01-01

A phase-shifting Zernike wavefront sensor has distinct advantages over other types of wavefront sensors. Chief among them are: 1) improved sensitivity to low-order aberrations and 2) efficient use of photons (hence reduced sensitivity to photon noise). We are in the process of deploying a phase-shifting Zernike wavefront sensor to be used with the realtime adaptive optics system for Palomar. Here we present the current state of the Zernike wavefront sensor to be integrated into the high-order adaptive optics system at Mount Palomar's Hale Telescope.

STS-120 landing

NASA Image and Video Library

2007-11-07

(left to right) NASA Administrator Michael Griffin, NASA Assistant Administrator for Public Affairs David Mould and NASA Space Shuttle Manager Wayne Hale watch as the space shuttle Discovery comes in for landing at NASA's Kennedy Space Center, Fla., completing the 15-day STS-120 mission to the International Space Station. Discovery landed at 1:01pm EST Wednesday after a mission that included on-orbit construction of the station with the installation of the Harmony Node 2 module and the relocation of the P6 truss. Photo Credit: 'NASA/Bill Ingalls"

07pd3206

NASA Image and Video Library

2007-11-07

(left to right) NASA Administrator Michael Griffin, NASA Assistant Administrator for Public Affairs David Mould and NASA Space Shuttle Manager Wayne Hale watch as the space shuttle Discovery comes in for landing at NASA's Kennedy Space Center, Fla., completing the 15-day STS-120 mission to the International Space Station. Discovery landed at 1:01pm EST Wednesday after a mission that included on-orbit construction of the station with the installation of the Harmony Node 2 module and the relocation of the P6 truss. Photo Credit: 'NASA/Bill Ingalls"

KSC-07pd3206

NASA Image and Video Library

2007-11-07

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- (From left) NASA Administrator Michael Griffin, NASA Assistant Administrator for Public Affairs David Mould and NASA Space Shuttle Manager Wayne Hale watch as the space shuttle Discovery comes in for landing at NASA's Kennedy Space Center, Fla., completing the 15-day, STS-120 mission to the International Space Station. Discovery landed at 1:01 p.m. EST Wednesday after a mission that included on-orbit construction of the station with the installation of the Harmony Node 2 module and the relocation of the P6 truss. Photo credit: NASA/Bill Ingalls

The mean magnetic field of the sun - Method of observation and relation to the interplanetary magnetic field

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Scherrer, P. H.; Wilcox, J. M.; Kotov, V.; Severnyi, A. B.; Howard, R.

1977-01-01

The mean solar magnetic field as measured in integrated light has been observed since 1968. Since 1970 it has been observed both at Hale Observatories and at the Crimean Astrophysical Observatory. The observing procedures at both observatories and their implications for mean field measurements are discussed. A comparison of the two sets of daily observations shows that similar results are obtained at both observatories. A comparison of the mean field with the interplanetary magnetic polarity shows that the IMF sector structure has the same pattern as the mean field polarity.

Development of Subischial Prosthetic Sockets with Vacuum-Assisted Suspension for Highly Active Persons with Transfemoral Amputations

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-10-01

Tuesday August 18, 2015 sagar Shetty Hello Everyone! Good Morning. I just started working with a patient last week for the NU-FiexSIV socket! I would like...RyanCaldwell Hello Ryan Thank you for the help on my patient with the long residual limb I have another liner question_ I have a 40yo female that...JodiHale Hello Jodi, The liner that I use for the "larger patients" would be the seal-in x from Ossur. This liner can go up to a size 55, and I have

Production Potential of 47Sc Using Spallation Neutron Flux at the Los Alamos Isotope Production Facility

DTIC Science & Technology

2014-03-27

Kowash, PhD (Chairman) Date //signed// 14 March 2014 LTC Stephen McHale, PhD (Member) Date //signed// 10 March 2014 Dr. Jonathan Engle, PhD (Member) Date ...signed// 14 March 2014 Dr. Justin Clinton, PhD (Member) Date AFIT-ENP-14-M-02 Abstract Scandium-47 (T1/2 = 3.41d) forms stable complexes with...0.2 µCi g−1 µAh−1 in the 47Ti and 50Ti-oxide samples, respectively. Radioisotopic purities of 47Sc in excess of 90% are achieved by activation of 47Ti

The State of US Health, 1990-2010: Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors

PubMed Central

2017-01-01

Importance Understanding the major health problems in the United States and how they are changing over time is critical for informing national health policy. Objectives To measure the burden of diseases, injuries, and leading risk factors in the United States from 1990 to 2010 and to compare these measurements with those of the 34 countries in the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries. Design We used the systematic analysis of descriptive epidemiology of 291 diseases and injuries, 1160 sequelae of these diseases and injuries, and 67 risk factors or clusters of risk factors from 1990 to 2010 for 187 countries developed for the Global Burden of Disease 2010 Study to describe the health status of the United States and to compare US health outcomes with those of 34 OECD countries. Years of life lost due to premature mortality (YLLs) were computed by multiplying the number of deaths at each age by a reference life expectancy at that age. Years lived with disability (YLDs) were calculated by multiplying prevalence (based on systematic reviews) by the disability weight (based on population-based surveys) for each sequela; disability in this study refers to any short- or long-term loss of health. Disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) were estimated as the sum of YLDs and YLLs. Deaths and DALYs related to risk factors were based on systematic reviews and meta-analyses of exposure data and relative risks for risk-outcome pairs. Healthy life expectancy (HALE) was used to summarize overall population health, accounting for both length of life and levels of ill health experienced at different ages. Results US life expectancy for both sexes combined increased from 75.2 years in 1990 to 78.2 years in 2010; during the same period, HALE increased from 65.8 years to 68.1 years. The diseases and injuries with the largest number of YLLs in 2010 were ischemic heart disease, lung cancer, stroke, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and road injury

The state of US health, 1990-2010: burden of diseases, injuries, and risk factors.

PubMed

Murray, Christopher J L; Atkinson, Charles; Bhalla, Kavi; Birbeck, Gretchen; Burstein, Roy; Chou, David; Dellavalle, Robert; Danaei, Goodarz; Ezzati, Majid; Fahimi, A; Flaxman, D; Foreman; Gabriel, Sherine; Gakidou, Emmanuela; Kassebaum, Nicholas; Khatibzadeh, Shahab; Lim, Stephen; Lipshultz, Steven E; London, Stephanie; Lopez; MacIntyre, Michael F; Mokdad, A H; Moran, A; Moran, Andrew E; Mozaffarian, Dariush; Murphy, Tasha; Naghavi, Moshen; Pope, C; Roberts, Thomas; Salomon, Joshua; Schwebel, David C; Shahraz, Saeid; Sleet, David A; Murray; Abraham, Jerry; Ali, Mohammed K; Atkinson, Charles; Bartels, David H; Bhalla, Kavi; Birbeck, Gretchen; Burstein, Roy; Chen, Honglei; Criqui, Michael H; Dahodwala; Jarlais; Ding, Eric L; Dorsey, E Ray; Ebel, Beth E; Ezzati, Majid; Fahami; Flaxman, S; Flaxman, A D; Gonzalez-Medina, Diego; Grant, Bridget; Hagan, Holly; Hoffman, Howard; Kassebaum, Nicholas; Khatibzadeh, Shahab; Leasher, Janet L; Lin, John; Lipshultz, Steven E; Lozano, Rafael; Lu, Yuan; Mallinger, Leslie; McDermott, Mary M; Micha, Renata; Miller, Ted R; Mokdad, A A; Mokdad, A H; Mozaffarian, Dariush; Naghavi, Mohsen; Narayan, K M Venkat; Omer, Saad B; Pelizzari, Pamela M; Phillips, David; Ranganathan, Dharani; Rivara, Frederick P; Roberts, Thomas; Sampson, Uchechukwu; Sanman, Ella; Sapkota, Amir; Schwebel, David C; Sharaz, Saeid; Shivakoti, Rupak; Singh, Gitanjali M; Singh, David; Tavakkoli, Mohammad; Towbin, Jeffrey A; Wilkinson, James D; Zabetian, Azadeh; Murray; Abraham, Jerry; Ali, Mohammad K; Alvardo, Miriam; Atkinson, Charles; Baddour, Larry M; Benjamin, Emelia J; Bhalla, Kavi; Birbeck, Gretchen; Bolliger, Ian; Burstein, Roy; Carnahan, Emily; Chou, David; Chugh, Sumeet S; Cohen, Aaron; Colson, K Ellicott; Cooper, Leslie T; Couser, William; Criqui, Michael H; Dabhadkar, Kaustubh C; Dellavalle, Robert P; Jarlais; Dicker, Daniel; Dorsey, E Ray; Duber, Herbert; Ebel, Beth E; Engell, Rebecca E; Ezzati, Majid; Felson, David T; Finucane, Mariel M; Flaxman, Seth; Flaxman, A D; Fleming, Thomas; Foreman; Forouzanfar, Mohammad H; Freedman, Greg; Freeman, Michael K; Gakidou, Emmanuela; Gillum, Richard F; Gonzalez-Medina, Diego; Gosselin, Richard; Gutierrez, Hialy R; Hagan, Holly; Havmoeller, Rasmus; Hoffman, Howard; Jacobsen, Kathryn H; James, Spencer L; Jasrasaria, Rashmi; Jayarman, Sudha; Johns, Nicole; Kassebaum, Nicholas; Khatibzadeh, Shahab; Lan, Qing; Leasher, Janet L; Lim, Stephen; Lipshultz, Steven E; London, Stephanie; Lopez; Lozano, Rafael; Lu, Yuan; Mallinger, Leslie; Meltzer, Michele; Mensah, George A; Michaud, Catherine; Miller, Ted R; Mock, Charles; Moffitt, Terrie E; Mokdad, A A; Mokdad, A H; Moran, A; Naghavi, Mohsen; Narayan, K M Venkat; Nelson, Robert G; Olives, Casey; Omer, Saad B; Ortblad, Katrina; Ostro, Bart; Pelizzari, Pamela M; Phillips, David; Raju, Murugesan; Razavi, Homie; Ritz, Beate; Roberts, Thomas; Sacco, Ralph L; Salomon, Joshua; Sampson, Uchechukwu; Schwebel, David C; Shahraz, Saeid; Shibuya, Kenji; Silberberg, Donald; Singh, Jasvinder A; Steenland, Kyle; Taylor, Jennifer A; Thurston, George D; Vavilala, Monica S; Vos, Theo; Wagner, Gregory R; Weinstock, Martin A; Weisskopf, Marc G; Wulf, Sarah; Murray

2013-08-14

Understanding the major health problems in the United States and how they are changing over time is critical for informing national health policy. To measure the burden of diseases, injuries, and leading risk factors in the United States from 1990 to 2010 and to compare these measurements with those of the 34 countries in the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries. We used the systematic analysis of descriptive epidemiology of 291 diseases and injuries, 1160 sequelae of these diseases and injuries, and 67 risk factors or clusters of risk factors from 1990 to 2010 for 187 countries developed for the Global Burden of Disease 2010 Study to describe the health status of the United States and to compare US health outcomes with those of 34 OECD countries. Years of life lost due to premature mortality (YLLs) were computed by multiplying the number of deaths at each age by a reference life expectancy at that age. Years lived with disability (YLDs) were calculated by multiplying prevalence (based on systematic reviews) by the disability weight (based on population-based surveys) for each sequela; disability in this study refers to any short- or long-term loss of health. Disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) were estimated as the sum of YLDs and YLLs. Deaths and DALYs related to risk factors were based on systematic reviews and meta-analyses of exposure data and relative risks for risk-outcome pairs. Healthy life expectancy (HALE) was used to summarize overall population health, accounting for both length of life and levels of ill health experienced at different ages. US life expectancy for both sexes combined increased from 75.2 years in 1990 to 78.2 years in 2010; during the same period, HALE increased from 65.8 years to 68.1 years. The diseases and injuries with the largest number of YLLs in 2010 were ischemic heart disease, lung cancer, stroke, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and road injury. Age-standardized YLL rates increased

Impact of peatland restoration on nutrient and carbon leaching from contrasting sites in southern Finland

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Vasander, Harri; Sallantaus, Tapani; Koskinen, Markku

2010-05-01

Impacts of peatland restoration on nutrient and carbon leaching from contrasting sites in southern Finland Tapani Sallantaus1, Markku Koskinen2, Harri Vasander2 1)Finnish Environment Institute, Biodiversity unit, Box 140, FIN-00251 Helsinki, Finland, tapani.sallantaus@ymparisto.fi 2)Department of Forest Sciences, University of Helsinki, Box 27, FIN-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland, markku.koskinen@helsinki.fi, harri.vasander@helsinki.fi Less than 20 % of the original mire area of southern Finland is still in natural state. Even many peatlands in today's nature conservation areas had been partly or totally drained before conservation. Until now, about 15000 ha of peatlands have been restored in conservation areas. Here we present data concerning changes in leaching due to restoration in two contrasting areas in southern Finland. The peatlands in Seitseminen have originally been fairly open, growing stunted pine, and unfertile, either bogs or poor fens. The responses of tree stand to drainage in the 1960s were moderate, and the tree stand before restoration was about 50 m3/ha, on average. The trees were partly harvested before filling in the ditches mainly in the years 1997-1999 . The peatlands of Nuuksio are much more fertile than those in Seitseminen, and had greatly responded to drainage, which took place already in the 1930s and 1950s. The tree stand consisted mainly of spruce and exceeded 300 m3/ha in large part of the area. The ditches were dammed in the autumn 2001 and the tree stand was left standing. Runoff water quality was monitored in three basins in both areas. To obtain the leaching rates, we used simulated runoff data obtained from the Finnish Environment Institute, Hydrological Services Division. The responses in leaching were in the same direction in both cases. However, especially when calculated per restored hectare (Table 1), the responses were much stronger in the more fertile areas of Nuuksio for organic carbon and nitrogen, but not so much

Statement of Robert F. Hale, Assistant Director, National Security Division, Congressional Budget Office

DTIC Science & Technology

1987-03-17

rates also have some potential disadvantages . Key among them are higher near-term program costs. These costs would probably require offsetting budget...HIGHER PRODUCTION RATES Should DoD produce weapons at higher rates? Certain disadvantages must be weighed against the merits of higher rates... Disadvantages of Higher Production Rates The most imporant disadvantage of higher production rates is the delay or cancellation of new weapons systems that

High contrast stellar observations within the diffraction limit at the Palomar Hale telescope

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mennesson, B.; Hanot, C.; Serabyn, E.; Martin, S. R.; Liewer, K.; Loya, F.; Mawet, D.

2010-07-01

We report on high-accuracy, high-resolution (< 20mas) stellar measurements obtained in the near infrared ( 2.2 microns) at the Palomar 200 inch telescope using two elliptical (3m x 1.5m) sub-apertures located 3.4m apart. Our interferometric coronagraph, known as the "Palomar Fiber Nuller" (PFN), is located downstream of the Palomar adaptive optics (AO) system and recombines the two separate beams into a common singlemode fiber. The AO system acts as a "fringe tracker", maintaining the optical path difference (OPD) between the beams around an adjustable value, which is set to the central dark interference fringe. AO correction ensures high efficiency and stable injection of the beams into the single-mode fiber. A chopper wheel and a fast photometer are used to record short (< 50ms per beam) interleaved sequences of background, individual beam and interferometric signals. In order to analyze these chopped null data sequences, we developed a new statistical method, baptized "Null Self-Calibration" (NSC), which provides astrophysical null measurements at the 0.001 level, with 1 σ uncertainties as low as 0.0003. Such accuracy translates into a dynamic range greater than 1000:1 within the diffraction limit, demonstrating that the approach effectively bridges the traditional gap between regular coronagraphs, limited in angular resolution, and long baseline visibility interferometers, whose dynamic range is restricted to 100:1. As our measurements are extremely sensitive to the brightness distribution very close to the optical axis, we were able to constrain the stellar diameters and amounts of circumstellar emission for a sample of very bright stars. With the improvement expected when the PALM-3000 extreme AO system comes on-line at Palomar, the same instrument now equipped with a state of the art low noise fast read-out near IR camera, will yield 10-4 to 10-3 contrast as close as 30 mas for stars with K magnitude brighter than 6. Such a system will provide a unique and ideal tool for the detection of young (<100 Myr) self-luminous planets and hot debris disks in the immediate vicinity (0.1 to a few AUs) of nearby (< 50pc) stars.

10000 pixels wide CMOS frame imager for earth observation from a HALE UAV

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Delauré, B.; Livens, S.; Everaerts, J.; Kleihorst, R.; Schippers, Gert; de Wit, Yannick; Compiet, John; Banachowicz, Bartosz

2009-09-01

MEDUSA is the lightweight high resolution camera, designed to be operated from a solar-powered Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) flying at stratospheric altitudes. The instrument is a technology demonstrator within the Pegasus program and targets applications such as crisis management and cartography. A special wide swath CMOS imager has been developed by Cypress Semiconductor Cooperation Belgium to meet the specific sensor requirements of MEDUSA. The CMOS sensor has a stitched design comprising a panchromatic and color sensor on the same die. Each sensor consists of 10000*1200 square pixels (5.5μm size, novel 6T architecture) with micro-lenses. The exposure is performed by means of a high efficiency snapshot shutter. The sensor is able to operate at a rate of 30fps in full frame readout. Due to a novel pixel design, the sensor has low dark leakage of the memory elements (PSNL) and low parasitic light sensitivity (PLS). Still it maintains a relative high QE (Quantum efficiency) and a FF (fill factor) of over 65%. It features an MTF (Modulation Transfer Function) higher than 60% at Nyquist frequency in both X and Y directions The measured optical/electrical crosstalk (expressed as MTF) of this 5.5um pixel is state-of-the art. These properties makes it possible to acquire sharp images also in low-light conditions.

Hale and Hearty Policies: How Psychological Science Can Create and Maintain Healthy Habits.

PubMed

Rothman, Alexander J; Gollwitzer, Peter M; Grant, Adam M; Neal, David T; Sheeran, Paschal; Wood, Wendy

2015-11-01

Strategies are needed to ensure that the U.S. Government meets its goals for improving the health of the nation (e.g., Healthy People 2020). To date, progress toward these goals has been undermined by a set of discernible challenges: People lack sufficient motivation, they frequently fail to translate healthy intentions into action, their efforts are undermined by the persistence of prior unhealthy habits, and they have considerable difficulty maintaining new healthy patterns of behavior. Guided by advances in psychological science, we provide innovative, evidence-based policies that address each of these challenges and, if implemented, will enhance people's ability to create and maintain healthy behavioral practices. © The Author(s) 2015.

High Altitude Long Endurance Air Vehicle Analysis of Alternatives and Technology Requirements Development

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Nickol, Craig L.; Guynn, Mark D.; Kohout, Lisa L.; Ozoroski, Thomas A.

2007-01-01

The objective of this study was to develop a variety of High Altitude Long Endurance (HALE) Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) conceptual designs for two operationally useful missions (hurricane science and communications relay) and compare their performance and cost characteristics. Sixteen potential HALE UAV configurations were initially developed, including heavier-than-air (HTA) and lighter-than-air (LTA) concepts with both consumable fuel and solar regenerative (SR) propulsion systems. Through an Analysis of Alternatives (AoA) down select process, the two leading consumable fuel configurations (one each from the HTA and LTA alternatives) and an HTA SR configuration were selected for further analysis. Cost effectiveness analysis of the consumable fuel configurations revealed that simply maximizing vehicle endurance can lead to a sub-optimum system solution. An LTA concept with a hybrid propulsion system (solar arrays and a hydrogen-air proton exchange membrane fuel cell) was found to have the best mission performance; however, an HTA diesel-fueled wing-body-tail configuration emerged as the preferred consumable fuel concept because of the large size and technical risk of the LTA concept. The baseline missions could not be performed by even the best HTA SR concept. Mission and SR technology trade studies were conducted to enhance understanding of the potential capabilities of such a vehicle. With near-term technology SR-powered HTA vehicles are limited to operation in favorable solar conditions, such as the long days and short nights of summer at higher latitudes. Energy storage system specific energy and solar cell efficiency were found to be the key technology areas for enhancing HTA SR performance.

Functional anatomy of the lacrimal gland in African black ostrich Struthio camelus domesticus in the embryonic and postnatal period.

PubMed

Klećkowska-Nawrot, Joanna; Goździewska-Harłajczuk, Karolina; Nowaczyk, Renata; Krasucki, Krzysztof

2015-03-25

The aim of the present study was morphological and histochemical analysis of the lacrimalgland (LG) in African black ostrich Struthio camelus domesticus in the embryonic and postnatalperiod. Studies were conducted on 50 ostriches aged between the 28th day of incubation until7 months old. Tissue sections were stained with haematoxylin and eosin, Azan trichrome,periodic acid-Schiff, Alcian blue pH 2.5, aldehyde fuchsin and Hale's dialysed iron. The LGin ostrich was classified as a tubulo-acinar type. The primordia of the lobes were determinedin the LG structure on the 28th day of incubation, whilst the weakly visible lobes with aciniand tubules were observed on the 40th day of incubation. Morphometric studies of the LGshowed steady growth, characterised by an increase in both length and width. Histometricmeasurements of lobe size showed little difference between the first, second and third agegroups, whilst in the fourth age group a marked increase in size of lobes was observed.The study showed that, apart from morphological changes, during the growth of the LGthe character of acid mucopolysaccharides changed. Sulphated acid mucopolysaccharideswere indicated, particularly with aldehyde fuchsin (AF) staining in the fourth age group.The Hale's dialysed iron (HDI) staining showed a low concentration of carboxylated acidmucopolysaccharides in the first and second age groups and a higher concentration in thethird and fourth age groups. Periodic acid-Schiff staining (PAS)-positive cells were observedin each age group, but only a small number of cells with a weakly PAS-positive reaction weredemonstrated in the first age group.

Book Review: The Sun Kings: The Unexpected Tragedy of Richard Carrington and the Tale of How Modern Astronomy Began

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Cliver, Edward W.

2008-11-01

Stuart Clark's The Sun Kings, the story of the nineteenth-century astronomers, natural philosophers, and magneticians who established solar-terrestrial science, is a must read for members of the space weather community. Designated the Best Professional/Scholarly Book in Cosmology and Astronomy for 2007 by the Association of American Publishers and shortlisted for the Royal Society General Prize for Science Books for 2008, The Sun Kings recounts the heroic scientific advances-of Alexander von Humboldt, Samuel Schwabe, Edward Sabine, Richard Carrington, Edward Maunder, George Hale, and others-that showed that Earth's magnetic storms originate at the Sun.

The revised Generalized Expectancy for Success Scale: a validity and reliability study.

PubMed

Hale, W D; Fiedler, L R; Cochran, C D

1992-07-01

The Generalized Expectancy for Success Scale (GESS; Fibel & Hale, 1978) was revised and assessed for reliability and validity. The revised version was administered to 199 college students along with other conceptually related measures, including the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, the Life Orientation Test, and Rotter's Internal-External Locus of Control Scale. One subsample of students also completed the Eysenck Personality Inventory, while another subsample performed a criterion-related task that involved risk taking. Item analysis yielded 25 items with correlations of .45 or higher with the total score. Results indicated high internal consistency and test-retest reliability.

Effects of Age and Environmental Support for Rehearsal on Visuospatial Working Memory

PubMed Central

Lilienthal, Lindsey; Hale, Sandra; Myerson, Joel

2016-01-01

The present study investigated whether older adults’ visuospatial working memory shows effects of environmental support for rehearsal similar to those observed in young adults (Lilienthal, Hale, & Myerson, 2014). When the duration of inter-item intervals was 4 s and participants had sufficient time to rehearse, location memory spans were larger in both age groups when environmental support was present than when support was absent. Critically, however, the age-related difference in memory was actually larger when support was provided, suggesting that young and older adults may differ in their rehearsal of to-be-remembered locations. PMID:26950223

STS-121: Discovery Post Launch Press Briefing

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2006-01-01

The briefing begins with Dean Acousta (NASA Press Secretary) introducing Michael Griffin (NASA Administrator), Bill Gerstenmaier (Associate Administrator for Space Operations) Wayne Hale (Space Shuttle Program Manager), John Shannon (Chairman, Mission Management Team, JSC), and Mike Leinbach (NASA Launch Director). The teams effort and dedication paid off in the form of a perfect launch and the weather cooperated. The Mission Management Team no problems during inspection. Debris assessment at 2 min. 47 sec. and 4 min. 50 sec. will be discussed when that information becomes available.The floor was then open for questions from the press.

Broken ice

NASA Image and Video Library

2017-12-08

An area of broken glacier ice seen from the IceBridge DC-8 on Oct. 22, 2012. Credit: NASA / George Hale NASA's Operation IceBridge is an airborne science mission to study Earth's polar ice. For more information about IceBridge, visit: www.nasa.gov/icebridge NASA image use policy. NASA Goddard Space Flight Center enables NASA’s mission through four scientific endeavors: Earth Science, Heliophysics, Solar System Exploration, and Astrophysics. Goddard plays a leading role in NASA’s accomplishments by contributing compelling scientific knowledge to advance the Agency’s mission. Follow us on Twitter Like us on Facebook Find us on Instagram

Sunlight off the ice

NASA Image and Video Library

2017-12-08

Sunlight reflecting off of ice in the Bellingshausen Sea on Oct. 19, 2012. Credit: NASA / George Hale NASA's Operation IceBridge is an airborne science mission to study Earth's polar ice. For more information about IceBridge, visit: www.nasa.gov/icebridge NASA image use policy. NASA Goddard Space Flight Center enables NASA’s mission through four scientific endeavors: Earth Science, Heliophysics, Solar System Exploration, and Astrophysics. Goddard plays a leading role in NASA’s accomplishments by contributing compelling scientific knowledge to advance the Agency’s mission. Follow us on Twitter Like us on Facebook Find us on Instagram

Aerosol domination of mesosheric ionization: In situ data spanning five decades

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hale, L.

Local mesospheric electrical phenomena are controlled by ionization production and recombination, and by electron attachment and detachment. These in turn are controlled by ionizing and detaching radiation, and by neutral atmosphere dynamics and chemistry, the latter frequently dominated by aerosol particles. Many detailed studies have been made of these phenomena for a gas phase atmosphere, but much less has been determined about the characteristics of aerosol particles, particularly those in the "invisible" range of order 10 nm. Aerosol dominates gas phase phenomena in many situations at all latitudes. The presence of larger particles at high latitudes has been known for over a century from the presence of "noctilucent clouds," and their variability has been inferred by Thomas, et al. (Nature v.337, 1989) from the relative absence of observations in earlier eras, before the massive release of industrial pollution. Studies of such particles are being well researched at the present time, and this paper is mainly concerned with "invisible" particles at lower latitudes. The presence of such particles was first inferred from a rocket launched at White Sands by Bourdeau, et al. in 1950 (JGR, 1959), and has been confirmed by many subsequent measurements (e.g. Hale, COSPAR, 1983). However the aerosol contributes to a variability so large (over six orders of magnitude in total conductivity at a single altitude) that it is difficult to study their variability with the limited amount of data (a few hundred rockets as compared to hundreds of thousands launched to measure temperature). One rocket series conducted during relatively "stationary" conditions without much chemistry or cosmic ray variat ions led to the conclusion that they were ice or water coated (Chesworth and Hale, v.1, GRL., 1974). The aerosol contributes to a very low nighttime conductivity that facilitates the penetration of ELF energy to about 80 km at night. Quasi static fields following- large lightning

Induction of apoptosis in human cervical carcinoma HeLa cells by active compounds from Hypericum ascyron L.

PubMed

Li, Xiu-Mei; Luo, Xue-Gang; He, Jun-Fang; Wang, Nan; Zhou, Hao; Yang, Pei-Long; Zhang, Tong-Cun

2018-03-01

Hypericum ascyron L. (Great St. Johnswort), which belongs to the Hypericaceae family, has been used for the treatment of hematemesis, metrorrhagia, rheumatism, swelling, stomach ache, abscesses, dysentery and irregular menstruation for >2,000 years in China. The aim of the present study was to clarify the anticancer activity compounds from H. ascyron L. and the underlying molecular mechanism. Anticancer activity of H. ascyron L. extract was evaluated using an MTT assay. To confirm the anticancer mechanism of activity compounds, Hoechst 33258, Annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate/propidium iodide, 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate, rhodamine 123 staining and caspase-3 activity analysis were performed. The results demonstrated that the anti-proliferative action of the mixture of kaempferol 3-O-β-(2″-acetyl) galactopyranoside (K) and quercetin (Q) (molar ratio, 1:1) was significantly increased compared with either of these two compounds separately, and the active fraction of the H. ascyron L. extract |(HALE). HALE, indicating that the anti-proliferative function of H. ascyron L. may be a synergic effect of K and Q. Furthermore, the inhibitory effect of KQ on the growth of HeLa cells was mediated by the induction of apoptosis. To the best of our knowledge, the present study is the first to identify that KQ exhibits significant anti-proliferation activity on HeLa cells via the apoptotic pathway, and is also the first to evaluate the anticancer potential of H. ascyron L. The results of the present study may provide a rational base for the use of H. ascyron L. in the clinic, and shed light on the development of novel anticancer drugs.

Potentials of RF/FSO Communication in UAS Operations

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Griethe, Wolfgang; Heine, Frank

2013-08-01

Free Space Optical Communications (FSOC) has gained particular attention during the past few years and is progressing continuously. With the successful in-orbit verification of a Laser Communication Terminal (LCT), the coherent homodyne BPSK scheme advanced to a standard for Free-Space Optical Communication (FSOC) which now prevails more and more. The LCT is presently operated on satellites in Low Earth Orbit (LEO). In the near future, the LCT will be operated in Geosynchronous Orbit (GEO) onboard the ALPHASAT-TDP and the European Data Relay System (EDRS). In other words, the LCT has reached a point of maturity to realize its practical application. With existence of such space assets the time has come for other utilization beyond that of optical Inter-Satellite Links (ISL). Aeronautical applications, as for instance High Altitude Long Endurance (HALE) or Medium Altitude Long Endurance (MALE) Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS) have to be addressed. This is caused due to an extremely high demand for bandwidth. Driving factors and advantages of FSOC in HALE/MALE UAS missions are highlighted. Numerous practice-related issues are described concerning the space segment, the aeronautical segment as well as the ground segment. The advantages for UAS missions are described resulting from the utilization of FSOC exclusively for wideband transmission of sensor data while vehicle Command & Control (C2) can be maintained, as before, via RF communication. Moreover, the paper discusses FSOC as an enabler for the integration of air and space-based wideband Intelligence, Surveillance & Reconnaissance (ISR) systems into existent military command and control networks. From the given information it can be concluded that FSOC contributes to the future increase of air-and space power.

Modeling clear-sky solar radiation across a range of elevations in Hawai‘i: Comparing the use of input parameters at different temporal resolutions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Longman, Ryan J.; Giambelluca, Thomas W.; Frazier, Abby G.

2012-01-01

Estimates of clear sky global solar irradiance using the parametric model SPCTRAL2 were tested against clear sky radiation observations at four sites in Hawai`i using daily, mean monthly, and 1 year mean model parameter settings. Atmospheric parameters in SPCTRAL2 and similar models are usually set at site-specific values and are not varied to represent the effects of fluctuating humidity, aerosol amount and type, or ozone concentration, because time-dependent atmospheric parameter estimates are not available at most sites of interest. In this study, we sought to determine the added value of using time dependent as opposed to fixed model input parameter settings. At the AERONET site, Mauna Loa Observatory (MLO) on the island of Hawai`i, where daily measurements of atmospheric optical properties and hourly solar radiation observations are available, use of daily rather than 1 year mean aerosol parameter values reduced mean bias error (MBE) from 18 to 10 W m-2 and root mean square error from 25 to 17 W m-2. At three stations in the HaleNet climate network, located at elevations of 960, 1640, and 2590 m on the island of Maui, where aerosol-related parameter settings were interpolated from observed values for AERONET sites at MLO (3397 m) and Lāna`i (20 m), and precipitable water was estimated using radiosonde-derived humidity profiles from nearby Hilo, the model performed best when using constant 1 year mean parameter values. At HaleNet Station 152, for example, MBE was 18, 10, and 8 W m-2 for daily, monthly, and 1 year mean parameters, respectively.

High Altitude Long Endurance (HALE) Unmanned Aircraft System (UAS): Pilot Knowledge, Skills and Abilities

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2005-01-01

This report summarizes the initial work accomplished by the ACCESS 5 Human System Integration (HSI) team to identify Unmanned Aircraft System (UAS) Pilot Knowledge, Skill and Ability (KSA), Training and Medical requirements. To derive this information the following tasks were accomplished: a) Mission and Function analyses were performed; b) Applicable FARs and FAA Advisory Circulars (ACs) were reviewed; c) Meetings were conducted with NASA and FAA Human Factors personnel; d) Surveys were completed by ACCESS 5 HSI Working group UA Pilots; e) Coordination meetings were conducted with the ACCESS 5 Policy IPT. The results of these efforts were used to develop a summary of the current qualifications. for an individual to function as a Pilot In Command (PIC) for UAs currently flown by UNITE companies, to develop preliminary Pilot KSAs for each phase of flight, and to delineate preliminary Pilot Training and Medical requirements. These results are to be provided to the Policy IPT to support their development of recommendations for UA Pilot Rating Criteria, training and medical qualifications. It is expected that the initially an instrument rated pilot will be required to serve as the PIC. However, as operational experience is gained, and automation is applied to accomplish various system functions, it is expected that pilot rating criteria could be lessened.

Search for optical pulsations in PSR J0337+1715

DOE PAGES

Strader, M. J.; Archibald, A. M.; Meeker, S. R.; ...

2016-03-20

In this study, we report on a search for optical pulsations from PSR J0337+1715 at its observed radio pulse period. PSR J0337+1715 is a millisecond pulsar (2.7 ms spin period) in a triple hierarchical system with two white dwarfs, and has a known optical counterpart with g-band magnitude 18. The observations were done with the Array Camera for Optical to Near-IR Spectrophotometry (ARCONS) at the 200" Hale telescope at Palomar Observatory. No significant pulsations were found in the range 4000-11000 angstroms, and we can limit pulsed emission in g-band to be fainter than 25 mag.

KSC-07pd3172

NASA Image and Video Library

2007-11-07

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- Associate Administrator for NASA Space Operations William Gerstenmaier and Shuttle Program Manager Wayne Hale examine the thermal protection system on the wing of space shuttle Discovery after its landing at NASA's Kennedy Space Center. Discovery completed the 15-day mission STS-120, with an on-time landing at 1:01:16 p.m. Wheel stop was at 1:02:07 p.m. Mission elapsed time was 15 days, 2 hours, 24 minutes and 2 seconds. Mission STS-120 continued the construction of the station with the installation of the Harmony Node 2 module and the relocation of the P6 truss. Photo credit: NASA//Kim Shiflett

KSC-07pd3171

NASA Image and Video Library

2007-11-07

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- Shuttle Program Manager Wayne Hale points to the left wing of space shuttle Discovery after its landing at NASA's Kennedy Space Center. To the left is Associate Administrator for NASA Space Operations William Gerstenmaier. Discovery completed the 15-day mission STS-120, with an on-time landing at 1:01:16 p.m. Wheel stop was at 1:02:07 p.m. Mission elapsed time was 15 days, 2 hours, 24 minutes and 2 seconds. Mission STS-120 continued the construction of the station with the installation of the Harmony Node 2 module and the relocation of the P6 truss. Photo credit: NASA/Kim Shiflett

KSC-07pd1336

NASA Image and Video Library

2007-05-31

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- Following the Flight Readiness Review for the STS-117 mission, NASA officials presented the decisions of NASA senior managers in a television conference. Bill Gerstenmaier, associate administrator of NASA Space Operations Mission, confirmed the launch time and date of Space Shuttle Atlantis at 7:38 p.m. EDT on June 8. Seen here is Space Shuttle Program Manager Wayne Hale (left) demonstrating the level of scrutiny engineers apply to inspecting the smallest of components that make up the shuttle system. This housing and bolt insert are part of the main engine low pressure oxidizer turbopump (LPOTP). Photo credit: NASA/Kim Shiflett

Effects of age and environmental support for rehearsal on visuospatial working memory.

PubMed

Lilienthal, Lindsey; Hale, Sandra; Myerson, Joel

2016-05-01

The present study investigated whether older adults' visuospatial working memory shows effects of environmental support for rehearsal similar to those observed in young adults (Lilienthal, Hale, & Myerson, 2014). When the duration of interitem intervals was 4 s and participants had sufficient time to rehearse, location memory spans were larger in both age groups when environmental support was present than when support was absent. Critically, however, the age-related difference in memory was actually larger when support was provided, suggesting that young and older adults may differ in their rehearsal of to-be-remembered locations. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved).

Step 1: Human System Interface (HSI) Functional Requirements Document (FRD). Version 2

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2006-01-01

This Functional Requirements Document (FRD) establishes a minimum set of Human System Interface (HSI) functional requirements to achieve the Access 5 Vision of "operating High Altitude, Long Endurance (HALE) Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) routinely, safely, and reliably in the National Airspace System (NAS)". Basically, it provides what functions are necessary to fly UAS in the NAS. The framework used to identify the appropriate functions was the "Aviate, Navigate, Communicate, and Avoid Hazards" structure identified in the Access 5 FRD. As a result, fifteen high-level functional requirements were developed. In addition, several of them have been decomposed into low-level functional requirements to provide more detail.

Access 5 - Step 1: Human Systems Integration Program Plan (HSIPP)

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2005-01-01

This report describes the Human System Interface (HSI) analysis, design and test activities that will be performed to support the development of requirements and design guidelines to facilitate the incorporation of High Altitude Long Endurance (HALE) Remotely Operated Aircraft (ROA) at or above FL400 in the National Airspace System (NAS). These activities are required to support the design and development of safe, effective and reliable ROA operator and ATC interfaces. This plan focuses on the activities to be completed for Step 1 of the ACCESS 5 program. Updates to this document will be made for each of the four ACCESS 5 program steps.

Refrozen lead

NASA Image and Video Library

2017-12-08

Closer look at a re-frozen lead in sea ice in the Bellingshausen Sea, seen from the DC-8 on Oct. 19, 2012. Credit: NASA / George Hale NASA's Operation IceBridge is an airborne science mission to study Earth's polar ice. For more information about IceBridge, visit: www.nasa.gov/icebridge NASA image use policy. NASA Goddard Space Flight Center enables NASA’s mission through four scientific endeavors: Earth Science, Heliophysics, Solar System Exploration, and Astrophysics. Goddard plays a leading role in NASA’s accomplishments by contributing compelling scientific knowledge to advance the Agency’s mission. Follow us on Twitter Like us on Facebook Find us on Instagram

Mid-infrared interferometric variability of DG Tau: implications for the inner-disk structure .

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ábrahám, P.; Varga, J.; Gabányi, K. É.; Chen, L.; Kóspál, Á.; Ratzka, Th.; van Boekel, R.; Mosoni, L.; Henning, Th.

DG Tau is a low-mass young star whose strongly accreting disk shows a variable 10 mu m silicate feature, that may even turn temporarily from emission to absorption. Aiming to find the physical reason of this variability, we analysed multiepoch VLTI/MIDI interferometric observations. We found that the inner disk within 3 au radius exhibits a 10 mu m absorption feature related to amorphous silicate grains, while the outer disk displays a variable crystalline feature in emission, similar in shape to the spectrum of comet Hale-Bopp. The variability may be related to a fluctuating amount of dusty material above the disk surface, possibly due to turbulence.

STS-121/Discovery: Imagery Quick-Look Briefing

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2006-01-01

Kyle Herring (NASA Public Affairs) introduced Wayne Hale (Space Shuttle Program Manager) who stated that the imagery for the Space shuttle external tank showed the tank performed very well. Image analysis showed small pieces of foam falling off the rocket booster and external tank. There was no risk involved in these minor incidents. Statistical models were built to assist in risk analysis. The orbiter performed excellently. Wayne also provided some close-up pictures of small pieces of foam separating from the external tank during launching. He said the crew will also perform a 100% inspection of the heat shield. This flight showed great improvement over previous flights.

STS-97 ascent team in WFCR

NASA Image and Video Library

2000-11-20

JSC2000-07294 (20 November 2000) --- The 40-odd flight controllers assigned to the STS-97 ascent team and some special guests pose for a group portrait in the shuttle flight control room in Houston's Mission Control Center (JSC). The five guests attired in the blue and white shirts are the flight crew members for the STS-97 crew, scheduled to be launched from Florida on the last day of this month. The astronauts are, from the left, Joseph R. Tanner, Carlos I. Noriega, Brent W. Jett, Jr., Michael J. Bloomfield and Marc Garneau, who represents the Canadian Space Agency (CSA). Ascent shift flight director Wayne Hale stands next to Tanner.

Embedded ice with lead

NASA Image and Video Library

2017-12-08

Iceberg embedded in sea ice with a lead on one side. This opening was likely caused by winds blowing against the side of the iceberg. Credit: NASA / George Hale NASA's Operation IceBridge is an airborne science mission to study Earth's polar ice. For more information about IceBridge, visit: www.nasa.gov/icebridge NASA image use policy. NASA Goddard Space Flight Center enables NASA’s mission through four scientific endeavors: Earth Science, Heliophysics, Solar System Exploration, and Astrophysics. Goddard plays a leading role in NASA’s accomplishments by contributing compelling scientific knowledge to advance the Agency’s mission. Follow us on Twitter Like us on Facebook Find us on Instagram

Documentation for the machine-readable version of the Stellar Spectrophotometric Atlas, 3130 A lambda 10800 A of Gunn and Stryker (1983)

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Warren, W. H., Jr.

1984-01-01

The machine-readable version of the Atlas as it is currently being distributed from the Astronomical Data Center is described. The data were obtained with the Oke multichannel scanner on the 5-meter Hale reflector for purposes of synthesizing galaxy spectra, and the digitized Atlas contains normalized spectral energy distributions, computed colors, scan line and continuum indices for 175 selected stars covering the complete ranges of spectral type and luminosity class. The documentation includes a byte-by-byte format description, a table of the indigenous characteristics of the magnetic tape file, and a sample listing of logical records exactly as they are recorded on the tape.

Discrete dipole approximation models of chrystalline forsterite: Applications to cometary crystalline silicates

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lindsay, Sean Stephen

The shape, size, and composition of crystalline silicates observed in comet comae and external proto-planetary disks are indicative of the formation and evolution of the dust grains during the processes of planetary formation. In this dissertation, I present the 3 -- 40 mum absorption efficiencies( Qabs) of irregularly shaped forsterite crystals computed with the discrete dipole approximation (DDA) code DDSCAT developed by Draine and Flatau and run on the NASA Advanced Supercomputing facility Pleiades. An investigation of grain shapes ranging from spheroidal to irregular indicate that the strong spectral features from forsterite are sensitive to grain shape and are potentially degenerate with the effects of crystal solid state composition (Mg-content). The 10, 11, 18, 23, and 33.5 mum features are found to be the most crystal shape sensitive and should be avoided in determining Mg-content. The distinct spectral features for the three shape classes are connected with crystal formation environment using a condensation experiment by (Kobatake et al., 2008). The condensation experiment demonstrates that condensed forsterite crystal shapes are dependent on the condensation environmental temperature. I generate DDSCAT target analog shapes to the condensed crystal shapes. These analog shapes are represented by the three shape classes: 1) equant, 2) a, c-columns, and 3) b-shortened platelets. Each of these shape classes exhibit distinct spectral features that can be used to interpret grain shape characteristics from 8 --- 40 mum spectroscopy of astronomical objects containing crystalline silicates. Synthetic spectral energy distributions (SEDs) of the coma of Hale-Bopp at rh = 2.8 AU are generated by thermally modeling the flux contributions of 5 mineral species present in comets. The synthetic SEDs are constrained using a chi2- minimization technique. The mineral species are amorphous carbon, amorphous pyroxene, amorphous olivine, crystalline enstatite, and crystalline

Pacific Island landbird monitoring annual report, Haleakalā National Park, 2012

USGS Publications Warehouse

Judge, Seth W.; Camp, Richard J.; Hart, Patrick J.

2013-01-01

Haleakalā National Park (HALE) was surveyed for landbirds and habitat characteristics from March 20 through July 26, 2012. This information provides data in the time-series of landbird monitoring for long-term trends in forest bird distribution, density, and abundance. The Kīpahulu District of eastern Haleakalā Volcano was surveyed using point-transect distance sampling to estimate bird abundance. We surveyed 160 stations and detected a total of 2,830 birds from 12 species. Half of the species were native and half were non-native. Numbers of detections per species ranged from 1 to 849. There were sufficient detections of seven species to allow density estimation. Āpapane (Himatione sanguinea) was the most widely distributed and abundant native species detected in the survey. ‘Alauahio (Paroreomyza montana newtoni), Maui ‘Amakihi (Hemignathus virens wilsoni), and I‘iwi (Vestiaria coccinea) were widespread and occurred in relatively modest densities. Only eight Kiwikiu (Pseudonestor xanthophrys) and 20 ‘Ākohekohe (Palmeria dolei) were detected and were restricted to high elevation wet forest. We estimated an abundance of 495 ± 261individuals of Kiwikiu in a 2,036 ha inference area which likely includes the entire suitable habitat for this species in HALE. For ‘Ākohekohe, we estimated an abundance of 1,150 ± 389 individuals in the 1,458 ha inference area. There was a strong representation of non-native landbirds in the survey area. The Japanese White-eye (Zosterops japonicus), Japanese Bush-warbler (Cettia diphone), and Red-billed Leiothrix (Leiothrix lutea) accounted for nearly half of all landbird detections. Each species was common in predominantly native forests. Vegetation and topographic characteristics were recorded on 160 landbird monitoring stations. HALE canopy and understory composition was predominantly native, especially at elevations above 1,100 m. Much of the forest canopy was comprised of `ohi`a (Metrosideros polymorpha) interspersed

CHARACTERIZING THE DUST COMA OF COMET C/2012 S1 (ISON) AT 4.15 AU FROM THE SUN

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Li, Jian-Yang; Kelley, Michael S. P.; Farnham, Tony L.

2013-12-10

We report results from broadband visible images of comet C/2012 S1 (ISON) obtained with the Hubble Space Telescope Wide Field Camera 3 on 2013 April 10. C/ISON's coma brightness follows a 1/ρ (where ρ is the projected distance from the nucleus) profile out to 5000 km, consistent with a constant speed dust outflow model. The turnaround distance in the sunward direction suggests that the dust coma is composed of sub-micron-sized particles emitted at speeds of tens of m s{sup –1}. A(θ)fρ, which is commonly used to characterize the dust production rate, was 1340 and 1240 cm in the F606W and F438W filters, respectively,more » in apertures <1.''6 in radius. The dust colors are slightly redder than solar, with a slope of 5.0% ± 0.2% per 100 nm, increasing to >10% per 100 nm 10,000 km down the tail. The colors are similar to those of comet C/1995 O1 (Hale-Bopp) and other long-period comets, but somewhat bluer than typical values for short-period comets. The spatial color variations are also reminiscent of C/Hale-Bopp. A sunward jet is visible in enhanced images, curving to the north and then tailward in the outer coma. The 1.''6 long jet is centered at a position angle of 291°, with an opening angle of ∼45°. The jet morphology remains unchanged over 19 hr of our observations, suggesting that it is near the rotational pole of the nucleus, and implying that the pole points to within 30° of (R.A., decl.) = (330°, 0°). This pole orientation indicates a high obliquity of 50°-80°.« less

KSC-07pd1335

NASA Image and Video Library

2007-05-31

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- Following the Flight Readiness Review for the STS-117 mission, NASA officials presented the decisions of NASA senior managers in a press conference. Bill Gerstenmaier, associate administrator of NASA Space Operations Mission, confirmed the launch time and date of Space Shuttle Atlantis at 7:38 p.m. EDT on June 8. Seen here is Space Shuttle Program Manager Wayne Hale (left) demonstrating the level of scrutiny engineers apply to inspecting the smallest of components that make up the shuttle system. This housing and bolt insert are part of the main engine low pressure oxidizer turbopump (LPOTP). NASA Launch Director Mike Leinbach looks on. Photo credit: NASA/Kim Shiflett

Changing patterns of wildlife diseases

USGS Publications Warehouse

McLean, R.G.

2001-01-01

The purpose of this paper was not to analyze the effects of global warming on wildlife disease patterns, but to serve as a springboard for future efforts to identify those wildlife diseases, including zoonotic diseases, that could be influenced the most by warming climates and to encourage the development of models to examine the potential effects. Hales et al. (1999) examined the relationship of the incidence of a vector-borne human disease, Dengue fever, and El Nino southern oscillations for South Pacific Island nations. The development of similar models on specific wildlife diseases which have environmental factors strongly associated with transmission would provide information and options for the future management of our wildlife resources.

Don Hendrix, master Mount Wilson and Palomar Observatories optician

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Osterbrock, Donald E.

2003-06-01

Don O. Hendrix, with at most a high-school education and no previous experience in optics, because an outstanding astronomical optician at Mount Wilson Observatory. He started making Schmidt-camera optics for spectrographs there in 1932, and ultimately made them for all the stellar and nebular spectrographs used at the prime, Newtonian, Cassegrain, and coudé foci of the 60-inch, 100-inch, and Palomar Hale 200-inch telescopes. He completed figuring and polishing the primary 200-inch mirror, and also the Lick Observatory 120-inch primary mirror. Mount Wilson and Palomar Observatory designers Theodore Dunham Jr., Rudolph Minkowski, and Ira S. Bowen led the way for many years in developing fast, effective astronomical spectrographs, based on Hendrix's skills.

Development of television tubes for the large space telescope

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Lowrance, J. L.; Zucchino, P.

1971-01-01

Princeton Observatory has been working for several years under NASA sponsorship to develop television type sensors to use in place of photographic film for space astronomy. The performance of an SEC-vidicon with a 25 mm x 25 mm active area, MgF2 window, and bi-alkali photocathode is discussed. Results from ground based use on the Coude spectrograph of the 200-inch Hale telescope are included. The intended use of this tube in an echelle spectrograph sounding rocket payload and on Stratoscope 2 for direct high resolution imagery is also discussed. The paper also discusses the large space telescope image sensor requirements and the development of a larger television tube for this mission.

VizieR Online Data Catalog: The ELM survey. VI. 11 new ELM WD binaries (Gianninas+, 2015)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gianninas, A.; Kilic, M.; Brown, W. R.; Canton, P.; Kenyon, S. J.

2016-02-01

We used the 6.5m MMT telescope equipped with the Blue Channel spectrograph, the 200 inch Hale telescope equipped with the Double spectrograph, the Kitt Peak National Observatory 4m telescope equipped with the R-C spectrograph, and more recently with Kitt Peak Ohio State Multi-Object Spectrograph (KOSMOS), to obtain spectroscopy of our 11 targets in several observing runs. We have also been obtaining radial-velocity measurements for candidates from other sources including the Large Sky Area Multi-Object Spectroscopy Telescope (LAMOST). Those 11 new Extremely low-mass white dwarf (ELM WD) binaries bring the total of ELM WDs identified by the ELM Survey up to 73. (4 data files).

Discovery and Classification of Optical Transient in M81 : P60- M81-081203

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kasliwal, M. M.; Cenko, S. B.; Quimby, R.; Rau, A.; Ofek, E. O.; Kulkarni, S. R.

2008-12-01

On UT 2008 Dec 3.303, P60-FasTING (Palomar 60-inch Fast Transients In Nearby Galaxies) discovered an optical transient in M81 at RA(J2000) = 09:55:16.920, DEC(J2000)=+69:02:17.68, offset from the nucleus by 87.2"W, 97.4"S. P60-M81-081203 had a brightness of g = 20.5 +/- 0.1 at discovery. It was not detected by P60 to g > 22.3 on Nov 30.410. There is no counterpart in SDSS or SIMBAD. Follow-up spectroscopy with the Double Beam Spectrograph on the Palomar Hale telescope showed a featureless spectrum on Dec 4 UT and Dec 5 UT.

Discovery and Classification of Nova in M31 : P60-M31-081230

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kasliwal, M. M.; Rau, A.; Salvato, M.; Cenko, S. B.; Ofek, E. O.; Quimby, R.; Kulkarni, S. R.

2009-01-01

On UT 2008 Dec 30.207, P60-FasTING (Palomar 60-inch Fast Transients In Nearby Galaxies) discovered an optical transient in M31 at RA(J2000) = 00:43:05.027, DEC(J2000)=+41:17:52.25, offset from the nucleus by 233.4"E,103.8"N. P60-M31-081230 had a brightness of g = 20.5 +/- 0.2 at discovery. It was not detected by P60 to g > 22.0 on Dec 29.140. There is no counterpart in SIMBAD. Follow-up spectroscopy with the Double Beam Spectrograph on the Palomar Hale telescope on Dec 31.104 revealed prominent Balmer emission and strong P Cygni profiles of several Fe II lines.

A solar observing station for education and research in Peru

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kaname, José Iba, Ishitsuka; Ishitsuka, Mutsumi; Trigoso Avilés, Hugo; Takashi, Sakurai; Yohei, Nishino; Miyazaki, Hideaki; Shibata, Kazunari; Ueno, Satoru; Yumoto, Kiyohumi; Maeda, George

2007-12-01

Since 1937 Carnegie Institution of Washington made observations of active regions of the Sun with a Hale type spectro-helioscope in Huancayo observatory of the Instituto Geofísico del Perú (IGP). IGP has contributed significantly to geophysical and solar sciences in the last 69 years. Now IGP and the Faculty of Sciences of the Universidad Nacional San Luis Gonzaga de Ica (UNICA) are planning to refurbish the coelostat at the observatory with the support of National Astronomical Observatory of Japan. It is also planned to install a solar Flare Monitor Telescope (FMT) at UNICA, from Hida observatory of Kyoto University. Along with the coelostat, the FMT will be useful to improve scientific research and education.

Can cyclist safety be improved with intelligent transport systems?

PubMed

Silla, Anne; Leden, Lars; Rämä, Pirkko; Scholliers, Johan; Van Noort, Martijn; Bell, Daniel

2017-08-01

In recent years, Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS) have assisted in the decrease of road traffic fatalities, particularly amongst passenger car occupants. Vulnerable Road Users (VRUs) such as pedestrians, cyclists, moped riders and motorcyclists, however, have not been that much in focus when developing ITS. Therefore, there is a clear need for ITS which specifically address VRUs as an integrated element of the traffic system. This paper presents the results of a quantitative safety impact assessment of five systems that were estimated to have high potential to improve the safety of cyclists, namely: Blind Spot Detection (BSD), Bicycle to Vehicle communication (B2V), Intersection safety (INS), Pedestrian and Cyclist Detection System+Emergency Braking (PCDS+EBR) and VRU Beacon System (VBS). An ex-ante assessment method proposed by Kulmala (2010) targeted to assess the effects of ITS for cars was applied and further developed in this study to assess the safety impacts of ITS specifically designed for VRUs. The main results of the assessment showed that all investigated systems affect cyclist safety in a positive way by preventing fatalities and injuries. The estimates considering 2012 accident data and full penetration showed that the highest effects could be obtained by the implementation of PCDS+EBR and B2V, whereas VBS had the lowest effect. The estimated yearly reduction in cyclist fatalities in the EU-28 varied between 77 and 286 per system. A forecast for 2030, taking into accounts the estimated accident trends and penetration rates, showed the highest effects for PCDS+EBR and BSD. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Flare activity, sunspot motions, and the evolution of vector magnetic fields in Hale region 17244

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Neidig, Donald F.; Hagyard, Mona J.; Machado, Marcos E.; Smith, Jesse B., Jr.

1986-01-01

The magnetic and dynamical circumstances leading to the 1B/M4 flare of November 5, 1980 are studied, and a strong association is found between the buildup of magnetic shear and the onset of flare activity within the active region. The development of shear, as observed directly in vector magnetograms, is consistent in detail with the dynamical history of the active region and identifies the precise location of the optical and hard-X-ray kernels of the flare emission.

Sarah J. Hale High School Project SABER. ESEA Title VII. Final Evaluation Report, 1979-80.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

New York City Board of Education, Brooklyn, NY. Office of Educational Evaluation.

This is an evaluation of a Title VII Bilingual Program conducted at a New York City High School in 1979-80. The report contains information on the program goals and objectives, the school site, and the student characteristics. Aspects of the instructional component discussed include programming, mainstreaming, and program funding.…

X-HALE: The Development of a Research Platform for the Validation of Nonlinear Aeroelastic Codes

DTIC Science & Technology

2011-03-01

general, whenever the number of plies or the laminate direction is specifically modified or selected for a composite aircraft, the aircraft’s design is...cm 35 X-HALE’s wings are composed primarily of Hexcel E-Glass 120/F155 prepreg fabric and Rohacell Foam. Hexcel E-Glass 120/F155 prepreg

No Bursts Detected from FRB121102 in Two 5 hr Observing Campaigns with the Robert C. Byrd Green Bank Telescope

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Price, Danny C.; Gajjar, Vishal; Rosenthal, Lee; Hallinan, Gregg; Croft, Steve; DeBoer, David; Hellbourg, Greg; Isaacson, Howard; Lebofsky, Matt; Lynch, Ryan; MacMahon, David H. E.; Men, Yunpeng; Xu, Yonghua; Liu, Zhiyong; Lee, Kejia; Siemion, Andrew

2018-02-01

Here, we report non-detection of radio bursts from Fast Radio Burst FRB 121102 during two 5-hour observation sessions on the Robert C. Byrd 100-m Green Bank Telescope in West Virginia, USA, on December 11, 2017, and January 12, 2018. In addition, we report non-detection during an abutting 10-hour observation with the Kunming 40-m telescope in China, which commenced UTC 10:00 January 12, 2018. These are among the longest published contiguous observations of FRB 121102, and support the notion that FRB 121102 bursts are episodic. These observations were part of a simultaneous optical and radio monitoring campaign with the the Caltech HIgh- speed Multi-color CamERA (CHIMERA) instrument on the Hale 5.1-m telescope.

High-resolution mid-infrared observations of NGC 7469

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Miles, J. W.; Houck, J. R.; Hayward, T. L.

1994-01-01

We present a high-resolution 11.7 micrometer image of the starburst/Seyfert hybrid galaxy NGC 7469 using the Hale 5 m telescope at Palomar Observatory. Our map, with diffraction limited spatial resolution of 0.6 sec, shows a 3 sec diameter ring of emission around an unresolved nucleus. The map is similar to the Very Large Array (VLA) 6 cm map of this galaxy made with 0.4 sec resolution by Wilson et al. (1991). About half of the mid-infrared flux in our map emerges from the unresolved nucleus. We also present spatially resolved low resolution spectra that show that the 11.3 micrometer polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) feature comes from the circumnuclear ring but not from the nucleus of the galaxy.

Optical spectrophotometry of oscillations and flickering in AE Aquarii

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Welsh, William F.; Horne, Keith; Oke, J. B.

1993-01-01

We observed rapid variations in the nova-like cataclysmic variable AE Aquarii for 1.7 hr with 4.3 s time resolution using the 30-channel (3227-10494 A) spectrophotometer on the Hale 5 m telescope. The 16.5 and 33.0 s oscillations show a featureless blue spectrum that can be represented by a blackbody with temperature and area much smaller than the accretion disk. Models consisting of the sum of a K star spectrum and a hydrogen slab in LTE at T = 6000-10,000 K can fit the spectrum of AE Aquarii reasonably well. The spectrum of a flare indicates optically thin gas with T = 8000-12,000 K. The energy released by the flare is large compared to typical stellar flares.

Chemical sensing of plant stress at the ecosystem scale

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Karl, T.; Guenther, A.; Turnipseed, A.; Patton, E. G.; Jardine, K.

2008-06-01

Significant ecosystem-scale emissions of methylsalicylate (MeSA), a semivolatile plant hormone thought to act as the mobile signal for systemic acquired resistance (SAR) (Park et al., 2006), were observed in an agroforest. Our measurements show that plant internal defence mechanisms can be activated in response to temperature stress and are modulated by water availability on large scales. Highest MeSA fluxes (up to 0.25 mg/m2/h) were observed after plants experienced ambient night-time temperatures of ~7.5°C followed by a large daytime temperature increase (e.g. up to 22°C). Under these conditions estimated night-time leaf temperatures were as low as ~4.6°C, likely inducing a response to prevent chilling injury (Ding et al., 2002). Our observations imply that plant hormones can be a significant component of ecosystem scale volatile organic compound (VOC) fluxes (e.g. as high as the total monoterpene (MT) flux) and therefore contribute to the missing VOC budget (de Carlo et al., 2004; Goldstein and Galbally, 2007). If generalized to other ecosystems and different types of stresses these findings suggest that semivolatile plant hormones have been overlooked by investigations of the impact of biogenic VOCs on aerosol formation events in forested regions (Kulmala et al., 2001; Boy et al., 2000). Our observations show that the presence of MeSA in canopy air serves as an early chemical warning signal indicating ecosystem-scale stresses before visible damage becomes apparent. As a chemical metric, ecosystem emission measurements of MeSA in ambient air could therefore support field studies investigating factors that adversely affect plant growth.

Creating Griffith Observatory

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Cook, Anthony

2013-01-01

Griffith Observatory has been the iconic symbol of the sky for southern California since it began its public mission on May 15, 1935. While the Observatory is widely known as being the gift of Col. Griffith J. Griffith (1850-1919), the story of how Griffith’s gift became reality involves many of the people better known for other contributions that made Los Angeles area an important center of astrophysics in the 20th century. Griffith began drawing up his plans for an observatory and science museum for the people of Los Angeles after looking at Saturn through the newly completed 60-inch reflector on Mt. Wilson. He realized the social impact that viewing the heavens could have if made freely available, and discussing the idea of a public observatory with Mt. Wilson Observatory’s founder, George Ellery Hale, and Director, Walter Adams. This resulted, in 1916, in a will specifying many of the features of Griffith Observatory, and establishing a committee managed trust fund to build it. Astronomy popularizer Mars Baumgardt convinced the committee at the Zeiss Planetarium projector would be appropriate for Griffith’s project after the planetarium was introduced in Germany in 1923. In 1930, the trust committee judged funds to be sufficient to start work on creating Griffith Observatory, and letters from the Committee requesting help in realizing the project were sent to Hale, Adams, Robert Millikan, and other area experts then engaged in creating the 200-inch telescope eventually destined for Palomar Mountain. A Scientific Advisory Committee, headed by Millikan, recommended that Caltech Physicist Edward Kurth be put in charge of building and exhibit design. Kurth, in turn, sought help from artist Russell Porter. The architecture firm of John C. Austin and Fredrick Ashley was selected to design the project, and they adopted the designs of Porter and Kurth. Philip Fox of the Adler Planetarium was enlisted to manage the completion of the Observatory and become its

Design of a high altitude long endurance flying-wing solar-powered unmanned air vehicle

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Alsahlani, A. A.; Johnston, L. J.; Atcliffe, P. A.

2017-06-01

The low-Reynolds number environment of high-altitude §ight places severe demands on the aerodynamic design and stability and control of a high altitude, long endurance (HALE) unmanned air vehicle (UAV). The aerodynamic efficiency of a §ying-wing configuration makes it an attractive design option for such an application and is investigated in the present work. The proposed configuration has a high-aspect ratio, swept-wing planform, the wing sweep being necessary to provide an adequate moment arm for outboard longitudinal and lateral control surfaces. A design optimization framework is developed under a MATLAB environment, combining aerodynamic, structural, and stability analysis. Low-order analysis tools are employed to facilitate efficient computations, which is important when there are multiple optimization loops for the various engineering analyses. In particular, a vortex-lattice method is used to compute the wing planform aerodynamics, coupled to a twodimensional (2D) panel method to derive aerofoil sectional characteristics. Integral boundary-layer methods are coupled to the panel method in order to predict §ow separation boundaries during the design iterations. A quasi-analytical method is adapted for application to flyingwing con¦gurations to predict the wing weight and a linear finite-beam element approach is used for structural analysis of the wing-box. Stability is a particular concern in the low-density environment of high-altitude flight for flying-wing aircraft and so provision of adequate directional stability and control power forms part of the optimization process. At present, a modified Genetic Algorithm is used in all of the optimization loops. Each of the low-order engineering analysis tools is validated using higher-order methods to provide con¦dence in the use of these computationally-efficient tools in the present design-optimization framework. This paper includes the results of employing the present optimization tools in the design of a

Total mercury and methylmercury levels in fish from hydroelectric reservoirs in Tanzania.

PubMed

Ikingura, J R; Akagi, H

2003-03-20

Total mercury (THg) and methylmercury (MeHg) levels have been determined in fish species representing various tropic levels in four major hydroelectric reservoirs (Mtera, Kidatu, Hale-Pangani, Nyumba ya Mungu) located in two distinct geographical areas in Tanzania. The Mtera and Kidatu reservoirs are located along the Great Ruaha River drainage basin in the southern central part of the country while the other reservoirs are located within the Pangani River basin in the north eastern part of Tanzania. Fish mercury levels ranged from 5 to 143 microg/kg (mean 40 microg/kg wet weight) in the Mtera Reservoir, and from 7 to 119 microg/kg (mean 21 microg/kg) in the Kidatu Reservoir downstream of the Great Ruaha River. The lowest THg levels, in the range 1-10 microg/kg (mean 5 microg/kg), were found in fish from the Nyumba ya Mungu (NyM) Reservoir, which is one of the oldest reservoirs in the country. Fish mercury levels in the Pangani and Hale mini-reservoirs, downstream of the NyM Reservoir, were in the order of 3-263 microg/kg, with an average level of 21 microg/kg. These THg levels are among the lowest to be reported in freshwater fish from hydroelectric reservoirs. Approximately 56-100% of the total mercury in the fish was methylmercury. Herbivorous fish species contained lower THg levels than the piscivorous species; this was consistent with similar findings in other fish studies. In general the fish from the Tanzanian reservoirs contained very low mercury concentrations, and differed markedly from fish in hydroelectric reservoirs of similar age in temperate and other regions, which are reported to contain elevated mercury concentrations. The low levels of mercury in the fish correlated with low background concentrations of THg in sediment and flooded soil (mean 2-8 microg/kg dry weight) in the reservoir surroundings. This suggested a relatively clean reservoir environment that has not been significantly impacted by mercury contamination from natural or anthropogenic

Hubble Space Telescope First Servicing Mission Prelaunch Mission Operation Report

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1993-01-01

The Hubble Space Telescope (HST) is a high-performance astronomical telescope system designed to operate in low-Earth orbit. It is approximately 43 feet long, with a diameter of 10 feet at the forward end and 14 feet at the aft end. Weight at launch was approximately 25,000 pounds. In principle, it is no different than the reflecting telescopes in ground-based astronomical observatories. Like ground-based telescopes, the HST was designed as a general-purpose instrument, capable of using a wide variety of scientific instruments at its focal plane. This multi-purpose characteristic allows the HST to be used as a national facility, capable of supporting the astronomical needs of an international user community. The telescope s planned useful operational lifetime is 15 years, during which it will make observations in the ultraviolet, visible, and infrared portions of the spectrum. The extended operational life of the HST is possible by using the capabilities of the Space Transportation System to periodically visit the HST on-orbit to replace failed or degraded components, install instruments with improved capabilities, re-boost the HST to higher altitudes compensating for gravitational effects, and to bring the HST back to Earth when the mission is terminated. The largest ground-based observatories, such as the 200-inch aperture Hale telescope at Palomar Mountain, California, can recognize detail in individual galaxies several billion light years away. However, like all earthbound devices, the Hale telescope is limited because of the blurring effect of the Earth s atmosphere. Further, the wavelength region observable from the Earth s surface is limited by the atmosphere to the visible part of the spectrum. The very important ultraviolet portion of the spectrum is lost. The HST uses a 2.4-meter reflective optics system designed to capture data over a wavelength region that reaches far into the ultraviolet and infrared portions of the spectrum.

SU-E-T-217: Intrinsic Respiratory Gating in Small Animal CT

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Liu, Y; Smith, M; Mistry, N

Purpose: Preclinical animal models of lung cancer can provide a controlled test-bed for testing dose escalation or function-based-treatment-planning studies. However, to extract lung function, i.e. ventilation, one needs to be able to image the lung at different phases of ventilation (in-hale / ex-hale). Most respiratory-gated imaging using micro-CT involves using an external ventilator and surgical intervention limiting the utility in longitudinal studies. A new intrinsic respiratory retrospective gating method was developed and tested in mice. Methods: A fixed region of interest (ROI) that covers the diaphragm was selected on all projection images to estimate the mean intensity (M). The meanmore » intensity depends on the projection angle and diaphragm position. A 3-point moving average (A) of consecutive M values: Mpre, Mcurrent and Mpost, was calculated to be subtracted from Mcurrent. A fixed threshold was used to enable amplitude based sorting into 4 different phases of respiration. Images at full-inhale and end-exhale phases of respiration were reconstructed using the open source OSCaR. Lung volumes estimated at the 2 phases of respiration were validated against literature values. Results: Intrinsic retrospective gating was accomplished without the use of any external breathing waveform. While projection images were acquired at 360 different angles. Only 138 and 104 projections were used to reconstruct images at full-inhale and end-exhale. This often results in non-uniform under-sampled angular projections leading to some minor streaking artifacts. The calculated expiratory, inspiratory and tidal lung volumes correlated well with the values known from the literature. Conclusion: Our initial result demonstrates an intrinsic gating method that is suitable for flat panel cone beam small animal CT systems. Reduction in streaking artifacts can be accomplished by oversampling the data or using iterative reconstruction methods. This initial experience will enable

KSC-05PD-1592

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2005-01-01

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. Media gather in the television studio at the NASA News Center to hear members of the Mission Management Team reveal aspects of the troubleshooting and testing being done on the liquid hydrogen tank low-level fuel cut-off sensor. On the stage at right are (from left) Wayne Hale, Space Shuttle deputy program manager; John Muratore, manager of Systems Engineering and Integration for the Space Shuttle Program; and Mike Wetmore, director of Space Shuttle Processing. The sensor failed a routine prelaunch check during the launch countdown July 13, causing mission managers to scrub Discovery's first launch attempt. The sensor protects the Shuttle's main engines by triggering their shutdown in the event fuel runs unexpectedly low. The sensor is one of four inside the liquid hydrogen section of the External Tank (ET).

KSC-06pd1418

NASA Image and Video Library

2006-07-04

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. - In Firing Room 4 of the Launch Control Center, Shuttle Program manager Wayne Hale (far left), NASA Associate Administrator for Space Operations Mission Bill Gerstenmaier (third from left) and Center Director Jim Kennedy (far right) watch the historic ride of Space Shuttle Discovery as it rockets through the sky on mission STS-121 -- the first ever Independence Day launch of a space shuttle. Liftoff was on-time at 2:38 p.m. EDT. During the 12-day mission, the STS-121 crew of seven will test new equipment and procedures to improve shuttle safety, as well as deliver supplies and make repairs to the International Space Station. Landing is scheduled for July 16 or 17 at Kennedy's Shuttle Landing Facility. Photo credit: NASA/Kim Shiflett

Diurnal Variations in Photosynthetic Products and Nitrogen Metabolism in Expanding Leaves

PubMed Central

Steer, Barrie T.

1973-01-01

Expanding leaves of Capsicum frutescens L. cv. California Wonder, Cucumis melo L. cv. Hales Best, and Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck cv. Washington Navel showed a marked diurnal periodicity in the incorporation of 14C from photosynthetically fixed 14CO2 into amino acids. Incorporation was virtually nil at the beginning of the photoperiod, reached a maximum in the 6th to 7th hour and decreased during the latter part of the photoperiod. In Capsicum frutescens this was apparently a reflection of the availability of reduced nitrogen controlled by the activity of nitrate reductase in the leaves. This also controlled the periodicity of the incorporation of 14C into fraction I protein. Possible control mechanisms and the relation of nitrogen metabolism to the periodicity of leaf expansion growth are discussed. PMID:16658402

Phosphatidylethanolamine Synthesis by Castor Bean Endosperm 1

PubMed Central

Shin, Sungho; Moore, Thomas S.

1990-01-01

A base exchange reaction for synthesis of phosphatidylethanolamine by the endoplasmic reticulum of castor bean (Ricinus comminus L. var Hale) endosperm has been examined. The calculated Michaelis-Menten constant of the enzyme for ethanolamine was 5 micromolar and the optimal pH was 7.8 in the presence of 2 millimolar CaCl2. l-Serine, N-methylethanolamine and N,N-dimethylethanolamine all reduced ethanolamine incorporation, while d-serine and myo-inositol had little effect. These inhibitions of ethanolamine incorporation were found to be noncompetitive and ethanolamine also noncompetitively inhibited l-serine incorporation by exchange. The activity of the ethanolamine base exchange enzyme was affected by several detergents, with the best activity being obtained with the zwitterionic defjtergent 3-3-cholamidopropyl) dimethylammonio-2-hydroxyl-1-propanesulfonate. PMID:16667427

Differential speckle and wide-field imaging for the Gemini-North and WIYN telescopes

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Scott, Nicholas J.; Howell, Steve B.; Horch, Elliott P.

2016-07-01

Two new instruments are currently being built for the Gemini-North and WIYN telescopes. They are based on the existing DSSI (Differential Speckle Survey Instrument), but the new dual-channel instruments will have both speckle and "wide-field" imaging capabilities. Nearly identical copies of the instrument will be installed as a public access permanent loan at the Gemini-N and WIYN telescopes. Many exoplanet targets will come from the NASA K2 and TESS missions. The faint limiting magnitude, for speckle observations, will remain around 16 to 17th magnitude depending on observing conditions, while wide-field, high speed imaging should be able to go to 21+. For Gemini, the instrument will be remotely operable from either the mid-level facility at Hale Pohaku or the remote operations base in Hilo.

Atmospheric Extinction Coefficients in the Ic Band for Several Major International Observatories: Results from the BiSON Telescopes, 1984-2016

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hale, S. J.; Chaplin, W. J.; Davies, G. R.; Elsworth, Y. P.; Howe, R.; Lund, M. N.; Moxon, E. Z.; Thomas, A.; Pallé, P. L.; Rhodes, E. J., Jr.

2017-09-01

Over 30 years of solar data have been acquired by the Birmingham Solar Oscillations Network (BiSON), an international network of telescopes used to study oscillations of the Sun. Five of the six BiSON telescopes are located at major observatories. The observational sites are, in order of increasing longitude: Mount Wilson (Hale) Observatory (MWO), California, USA; Las Campanas Observatory, Chile; Observatorio del Teide, Izaña, Tenerife, Canary Islands; the South African Astronomical Observatory, Sutherland, South Africa; Carnarvon, Western Australia; and the Paul Wild Observatory, Narrabri, New South Wales, Australia. The BiSON data may be used to measure atmospheric extinction coefficients in the {{{I}}}{{c}} band (approximately 700-900 nm), and presented here are the derived atmospheric extinction coefficients from each site over the years 1984-2016.

Search for Optical Pulsation in M82 X-2

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Collura, G.; Strader, P.; Meeker, S. R.; Szypryt, P.; Walter, A. B.; Bockstiegel, C.; Mazin, B. A.; Prince, T. A.

2017-11-01

We report on a search for optical pulsation from M82 X-2 over a range of periods. M82 X-2 is an X-ray pulsar with a 1.37s average spin period and a 2.5 day sinusoidal modulation. The observations were done with the ARray Camera for Optical to Near-IR Spectrophotometry at the 200 inch Hale telescope at the Palomar Observatory. We performed H test and χ 2 statistical analysis. No significant optical pulsations were found in the wavelength range of 3000-11000 Å with a pulsation period between 1.36262 and 1.37462 s. We found an upper limit on pulsed emission in the 4000-8000 Å wavelength range to be fainter than ˜20.5 mag AB , corresponding to ˜23 μJy.

Recent developments and applications of the SEC vidicon for astronomy

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Zucchino, P.; Lowrance, J. L.

1971-01-01

The engineering development of the SEC vidicon as an astronomical sensor has continued in parallel with its operational use. One scientific application was the six hour exposure of the quasar PHL-957 at the Coude spectrograph of the 200-inch Hale telescope. The developmental effort includes both the enhancement of the basic attributes that make the SEC an appropriate sensor, namely, high quantum efficiency, low threshold, and long integration; as well as work to broaden its scientific usefulness, such as the development of a MgF2 photocathode window for vacuum ultraviolet sensitivity, and a permanent magnet focus design for thermal compatibility with proposed large space telescopes. Additional details on the characteristics of the SEC tube are discussed, as well as plans to make a larger and higher resolution version.

Real-Time Wavefront Control for the PALM-3000 High Order Adaptive Optics System

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Truong, Tuan N.; Bouchez, Antonin H.; Dekany, Richard G.; Guiwits, Stephen R.; Roberts, Jennifer E.; Troy, Mitchell

2008-01-01

We present a cost-effective scalable real-time wavefront control architecture based on off-the-shelf graphics processing units hosted in an ultra-low latency, high-bandwidth interconnect PC cluster environment composed of modules written in the component-oriented language of nesC. The architecture enables full-matrix reconstruction of the wavefront at up to 2 KHz with latency under 250 us for the PALM-3000 adaptive optics systems, a state-of-the-art upgrade on the 5.1 meter Hale Telescope that consists of a 64 x 64 subaperture Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensor and a 3368 active actuator high order deformable mirror in series with a 241 active actuator tweeter DM. The architecture can easily scale up to support much larger AO systems at higher rates and lower latency.

Atmospheric ions, boreal forests and impacts on climate

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Manninen, H. E.; Nieminen, T.; Franchin, A.; Järvinen, E.; Kontkanen, J.; Hirsikko, A.; Hõrrak, U.; Mirme, A.; Tammet, H.; Kerminen, V.-M.; Petäjä, T.; Kulmala, M.

2012-04-01

Aerosol particles play an important role in the Earth's atmosphere and in the climate system: They scatter and absorb solar radiation, facilitate chemical processes, and serve as seeds for cloud formation. The aerosol particles have direct cooling and warming effects on climate (IPCC, 2007). Secondary new particle formation (NPF) is a globally important source of aerosol particles (Kulmala and Kerminen, 2008). Currently, the mechanisms of particle formation and the vapors participating in this process are, however, not truly understood. Several formation and growth mechanisms have been proposed for the very first steps of the process: homogeneous, heterogeneous, ion-induced and kinetic nucleation and activation type cluster growth. Small ions are part of the atmospheric aerosol spectrum, and in atmospheric sciences study of ion-aerosol interactions is essential. Small ions are small molecular clusters carrying a net electric charge. They are produced by ionisation of molecules in the air. Typically the small ion concentrations vary in the range of 100-2000 cm-3 in both polarities (Hirsikko et al., 2011). Ion-induced NPF is limited by the ion production rate, which typically is around 10 ion pairs cm-3s-1 in the boundary layer over the ground. The ion production rate has strong spatial and temporal dependence. The ionisation mechanisms change with altitude: radon and gamma radiation from the ground and galactic cosmic rays dominate close to the Earth's surface, while higher in the free troposphere cosmic rays become the main driving factor. In order to fully explain atmospheric NPF and subsequent growth, we need to measure directly the very initial steps of the formation processes. Air ion spectrometers measure the mobility distributions of charged aerosol particles in the mobility diameter range of 0.8-42 nm (Mirme et al., 2007; Tammet et al., 2011). Neutral cluster and air ion spectrometers measure additionally the mobility distribution of neutral particles larger

KSC-05PD-1590

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2005-01-01

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. Media gather in the television studio at the NASA News Center to hear members of the Mission Management Team reveal aspects of the troubleshooting and testing being done on the liquid hydrogen tank low-level fuel cut-off sensor. On the stage at right are (from left) Bruce Buckingham, NASA news chief; Wayne Hale, Space Shuttle deputy program manager; John Muratore, manager of Systems Engineering and Integration for the Space Shuttle Program; and Mike Wetmore, director of Space Shuttle Processing. The sensor failed a routine prelaunch check during the launch countdown July 13, causing mission managers to scrub Discovery's first launch attempt. The sensor protects the Shuttle's main engines by triggering their shutdown in the event fuel runs unexpectedly low. The sensor is one of four inside the liquid hydrogen section of the External Tank (ET).

Older age, traumatic brain injury, and cognitive slowing: some convergent and divergent findings.

PubMed

Bashore, Theodore R; Ridderinkhof, K Richard

2002-01-01

Reaction time (RT) meta-analyses of cognitive slowing indicate that all stages of processing slow equivalently and task independently among both older adults (J. Cerella & S. Hale, 1994) and adults who have suffered a traumatic brain injury (TBI; F. R. Ferraro, 1996). However, meta-analyses using both RT and P300 latency have revealed stage-specific and task-dependent changes among older individuals (T. R. Bashore, K. R. Ridderinkhof, & M. W. van der Molen, 1998). Presented in this article are a meta-analysis of the effect of TBI on processing speed, assessed using P300 latency and RT, and a qualitative review of the literature. They suggest that TBI induces differential slowing. Similarities in the effects of older age and TBI on processing speed are discussed and suggestions for future research on TBI-induced cognitive slowing are offered.

VizieR Online Data Catalog: Cool KOIs. VI. H- and K- band spectra (Muirhead+, 2014)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Muirhead, P. S.; Becker, J.; Feiden, G. A.; Rojas-Ayala, B.; Vanderburg, A.; Price, E. M.; Thorp, R.; Law, N. M.; Riddle, R.; Baranec, C.; Hamren, K.; Schlawin, E.; Covey, K. R.; Johnson, J. A.; Lloyd, J. P.

2014-09-01

We observed the Cool KOIs with the TripleSpec Spectrograph at the Palomar Observatory 200 inch Hale Telescope. TripleSpec is a near-infrared slit spectrograph covering 1.0 to 2.5um simultaneously with a resolving power (λ/Δλ) of 2700. Observations were carried out in 2011 June and August for the KOIs from Borucki et al. (2011, Cat. J/ApJ/736/19), with results published in a previous letter (Muirhead et al. 2012, Cat. J/ApJ/750/L37). In July and August of 2012, we augmented observations to include all of the Cool KOIs selected in Batalha et al. (2013, Cat. J/ApJS/204/24). In 2013 July and August, we observed the remaining Cool KOIs listed on the NASA Exoplanet Archive (NEA) as of the observations. (3 data files).

The problem is education not ``special education''

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Fellner, Gene

2015-12-01

In his article, Urban special education policy and the lived experience of stigma in a high school science classroom, Chris Hale persuasively argues that the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act and subsequent special education policies have largely failed to serve special education students who are stigmatized by their deficit classification. Though classified students may be doubly stigmatized, research suggests that students of color who live in economically stressed communities are also subject to systemic educational policies that produce stigma; special education should be understood within the larger context of educational policy in the inner city. Though we cannot immediately dismantle the macro level structures that nurture stigma, I suggest pedagogies based on facilitating phenomenological awareness enacted through individual-collectively based methodologies to challenge the stigma that classified as well as non-classified students in the inner city often carry with them.

Subjective and objective scales to assess the development of children cerebral palsy.

PubMed

Pietrzak, S; Jóźwiak, M

2001-01-01

Many scoring systems hale been constructed to assess the motor development of cerebral palsy children and to evaluate the effectiveness of treatment. According to the purposes they fulfill, these instruments may be divided into three types: discriminative, evaluative and predictive. The design and measurement methodology are the criteria that determine whether a given scale is quantitative or qualitative in nature, and whether is should be considered to be objective or subjective. The article presents the "reaching, losing and regaining" scale (constructed by the authors to assess functional development and its changes in certain periods of time), the Munich Functional Development Diagnostics, and the Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM). Special attention is given to the GMFM, its methods, evaluation of results, and application. A comparison of subjective and objective assessment of two cerebral palsy children is included.

Advances in Predicting Magnetic Fields on the Far Side of the Sun

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lindsey, C. A.

2016-12-01

Techniques in local solar seismology applied to observations of seismic oscillations in the Sun's near hemisphere allow us to map large magnetic regions in the Sun's far hemisphere. Seismic signatures are not nearly as sensitive to magnetic flux as observations in electromagnetic radiation. However, they clearly identify and locate the 400 or so largest active regions in a typical solar cycle, i.e., those of most concern for space-weather forecasting. By themselves, seismic observations are insensitive to magnetic polarity. However, the Hale polarity law offers tantalizing avenues for guessing polarity distributions from seismic signatures as they evolve. I will review what we presently know about the relationship between seismic signatures of active regions and their magnetic and radiative properties, and offer a preliminary assessment of the potential of far-side seismic maps for space-weather forecasting in the coming decade.

Versatile fusion source integrator AFSI for fast ion and neutron studies in fusion devices

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sirén, Paula; Varje, Jari; Äkäslompolo, Simppa; Asunta, Otto; Giroud, Carine; Kurki-Suonio, Taina; Weisen, Henri; JET Contributors, The

2018-01-01

ASCOT Fusion Source Integrator AFSI, an efficient tool for calculating fusion reaction rates and characterizing the fusion products, based on arbitrary reactant distributions, has been developed and is reported in this paper. Calculation of reactor-relevant D-D, D-T and D-3He fusion reactions has been implemented based on the Bosch-Hale fusion cross sections. The reactions can be calculated between arbitrary particle populations, including Maxwellian thermal particles and minority energetic particles. Reaction rate profiles, energy spectra and full 4D phase space distributions can be calculated for the non-isotropic reaction products. The code is especially suitable for integrated modelling in self-consistent plasma physics simulations as well as in the Serpent neutronics calculation chain. Validation of the model has been performed for neutron measurements at the JET tokamak and the code has been applied to predictive simulations in ITER.

Historical Notes on the Dutch and American-Dutch "schools" in Astronomy and Their Relations with Physics

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

van den Heuvel, Ed

2006-04-01

Dutch astronomy and physics experienced two "golden ages". The firstone covered the 17th century, culminating with Christiaan Huygens,inventor of the pendulum clock and the wave theory of light, anddiscoverer of Saturn's rings and largest satellite Titan. The secondone, which lasts till the present, started around 1880 withphysicists Lorentz, van der Waals, Zeeman and Kamerlingh Onnes andastronomer Kapteijn and his pupils De Sitter, van Rhijn, Oort andSchilt. Kapteijn, through his friendship with George Ellery Hale,initiated the strong connection between American and Dutch astronomy,which led to the rise of many Dutch-born astronomers to prominentpositions in the US, from Luyten, Bok, Brouwer, Schilt and Kuiperto Woltjer, Gehrels, and Beckers. The rise of the second "goldenage" appears to be closely related to drastic reforms in the Dutchhigh school and university systems in the last decades of the 19thcentury.

Heterogeneous nucleation in multi-component vapor on a partially wettable charged conducting particle. II. The generalized Laplace, Gibbs-Kelvin, and Young equations and application to nucleation.

PubMed

Noppel, M; Vehkamäki, H; Winkler, P M; Kulmala, M; Wagner, P E

2013-10-07

Based on the results of a previous paper [M. Noppel, H. Vehkamäki, P. M. Winkler, M. Kulmala, and P. E. Wagner, J. Chem. Phys. 139, 134107 (2013)], we derive a thermodynamically consistent expression for reversible or minimal work needed to form a dielectric liquid nucleus of a new phase on a charged insoluble conducting sphere within a uniform macroscopic one- or multicomponent mother phase. The currently available model for ion-induced nucleation assumes complete spherical symmetry of the system, implying that the seed ion is immediately surrounded by the condensing liquid from all sides. We take a step further and treat more realistic geometries, where a cap-shaped liquid cluster forms on the surface of the seed particle. We derive the equilibrium conditions for such a cluster. The equalities of chemical potentials of each species between the nucleus and the vapor represent the conditions of chemical equilibrium. The generalized Young equation that relates contact angle with surface tensions, surface excess polarizations, and line tension, also containing the electrical contribution from triple line excess polarization, expresses the condition of thermodynamic equilibrium at three-phase contact line. The generalized Laplace equation gives the condition of mechanical equilibrium at vapor-liquid dividing surface: it relates generalized pressures in neighboring bulk phases at an interface with surface tension, excess surface polarization, and dielectric displacements in neighboring phases with two principal radii of surface curvature and curvatures of equipotential surfaces in neighboring phases at that point. We also re-express the generalized Laplace equation as a partial differential equation, which, along with electrostatic Laplace equations for bulk phases, determines the shape of a nucleus. We derive expressions that are suitable for calculations of the size and composition of a critical nucleus (generalized version of the classical Kelvin-Thomson equation).

Parameterized isoprene and monoterpene emissions from the boreal forest floor: Implementation into a 1D chemistry-transport model and investigation of the influence on atmospheric chemistry

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mogensen, Ditte; Aaltonen, Hermanni; Aalto, Juho; Bäck, Jaana; Kieloaho, Antti-Jussi; Gierens, Rosa; Smolander, Sampo; Kulmala, Markku; Boy, Michael

2015-04-01

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are emitted from the biosphere and can work as precursor gases for aerosol particles that can affect the climate (e.g. Makkonen et al., ACP, 2012). VOC emissions from needles and leaves have gained the most attention, however other parts of the ecosystem also have the ability to emit a vast amount of VOCs. This, often neglected, source can be important e.g. at periods where leaves are absent. Both sources and drivers related to forest floor emission of VOCs are currently limited. It is thought that the sources are mainly due to degradation of organic matter (Isidorov and Jdanova, Chemosphere, 2002), living roots (Asensio et al., Soil Biol. Biochem., 2008) and ground vegetation. The drivers are biotic (e.g. microbes) and abiotic (e.g. temperature and moisture). However, the relative importance of the sources and the drivers individually are currently poorly understood. Further, the relative importance of these factors is highly dependent on the tree species occupying the area of interest. The emission of isoprene and monoterpenes where measured from the boreal forest floor at the SMEAR II station in Southern Finland (Hari and Kulmala, Boreal Env. Res., 2005) during the snow-free period in 2010-2012. We used a dynamic method with 3 automated chambers analyzed by Proton Transfer Reaction - Mass Spectrometer (Aaltonen et al., Plant Soil, 2013). Using this data, we have developed empirical parameterizations for the emission of isoprene and monoterpenes from the forest floor. These parameterizations depends on abiotic factors, however, since the parameterizations are based on field measurements, biotic features are captured. Further, we have used the 1D chemistry-transport model SOSAA (Boy et al., ACP, 2011) to test the seasonal relative importance of inclusion of these parameterizations of the forest floor compared to the canopy crown emissions, on the atmospheric reactivity throughout the canopy.

Constraining Cometary Crystal Shapes from IR Spectral Features

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wooden, D. H.; Lindsay, S.; Harker, D. E.; Kelley, M. S.; Woodward, C. E.; Murphy, J. R.

2013-12-01

A major challenge in deriving the silicate mineralogy of comets is ascertaining how the anisotropic nature of forsterite crystals affects the spectral features' wavelength, relative intensity, and asymmetry. Forsterite features are identified in cometary comae near 10, 11.05-11.2, 16, 19, 23.5, 27.5 and 33 μm [1-10], so accurate models for forsterite's absorption efficiency (Qabs) are a primary requirement to compute IR spectral energy distributions (SEDs, λFλ vs. λ) and constrain the silicate mineralogy of comets. Forsterite is an anisotropic crystal, with three crystallographic axes with distinct indices of refraction for the a-, b-, and c-axis. The shape of a forsterite crystal significantly affects its spectral features [13-16]. We need models that account for crystal shape. The IR absorption efficiencies of forsterite are computed using the discrete dipole approximation (DDA) code DDSCAT [11,12]. Starting from a fiducial crystal shape of a cube, we systematically elongate/reduce one of the crystallographic axes. Also, we elongate/reduce one axis while the lengths of the other two axes are slightly asymmetric (0.8:1.2). The most significant grain shape characteristic that affects the crystalline spectral features is the relative lengths of the crystallographic axes. The second significant grain shape characteristic is breaking the symmetry of all three axes [17]. Synthetic spectral energy distributions using seven crystal shape classes [17] are fit to the observed SED of comet C/1995 O1 (Hale-Bopp). The Hale-Bopp crystalline residual better matches equant, b-platelets, c-platelets, and b-columns spectral shape classes, while a-platelets, a-columns and c-columns worsen the spectral fits. Forsterite condensation and partial evaporation experiments demonstrate that environmental temperature and grain shape are connected [18-20]. Thus, grain shape is a potential probe for protoplanetary disk temperatures where the cometary crystalline forsterite formed. The

Formation of C3 and C2 in Cometary Comae

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hölscher, Alexander

2015-03-01

allow to better constrain which parent molecules are responsible for the observational C3 and C2 column densities. Based on observations of the four sample comets C/2001 Q4 (NEAT), C/2002 T7 (LINEAR), 9P (Tempel 1) and C/1995 O1 (Hale-Bopp), this work investigates which combination of the following proposed parent molecules C4H2 (diacetylene), CH2C2H2 (allene), CH3C2H (propyne), C2H4 (ethene) and observed parent molecules C2H2 and HC3N (cyanoacetylene) can best reproduce the observational C3 and C2 column densities in cometary comae, taking into account the uncertainties in photodissociation rate coefficients. It was found that the investigated photodissociation rate coefficients have large uncertainties and also a significant effect on the C3 and C2 model column densities. The responsible key reactions were determined with the sensitivity analysis. The important result of this thesis is that one can reasonably well reproduce the observations of comets with the improved model at rh = 1.00 AU (NEAT) and rh = 3.78 AU (Hale-Bopp), within the photodissociation uncertainties using realistic parent molecule production rate ratios and by various combinations of the investigated parent molecules. To confirm the agreement (NEAT, Hale-Bopp) and to clearify remaining discrepancies (LINEAR, Tempel 1) between model and observations requires additional observations of parent and daughter molecules in the coma of comets as well as in situ measurements of cometary ices (Rosetta).zeige weniger

The Space Station - Past, present and future with some thoughts on some legal questions that need to be addressed

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hosenball, S. N.

1985-01-01

The history of the concept of a space station is briefly considered, taking into account a story written by Hale (1869), quantitative work provided by Oberth and Tsiolkovsky, von Braun, and the U.S. decision regarding the establishment of a space station. Arguments in favor of constructing a space station are related to the utility of a laboratory in earth orbit, the importance of a repair and maintenance base for satellites, the provision of capabilities for the commercial utilization of space, and the employment of a space station as a staging base for missions to the moon, Mars, and, possibly, the asteroids. Plans for the implementation of the Space Station concept are discussed, taking into account also legal issues involved in such an implementation. Attention is given to questions regarding the applicability of the Liability convention, U.S. domestic law, the domestic law of other countries, and four treaties.

OBSERVATIONS OF HIERARCHICAL SOLAR-TYPE MULTIPLE STAR SYSTEMS

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Roberts, Lewis C. Jr.; Tokovinin, Andrei; Mason, Brian D.

2015-10-15

Twenty multiple stellar systems with solar-type primaries were observed at high angular resolution using the PALM-3000 adaptive optics system at the 5 m Hale telescope. The goal was to complement the knowledge of hierarchical multiplicity in the solar neighborhood by confirming recent discoveries by the visible Robo-AO system with new near-infrared observations with PALM-3000. The physical status of most, but not all, of the new pairs is confirmed by photometry in the Ks band and new positional measurements. In addition, we resolved for the first time five close sub-systems: the known astrometric binary in HIP 17129AB, companions to the primariesmore » of HIP 33555, and HIP 118213, and the companions to the secondaries in HIP 25300 and HIP 101430. We place the components on a color–magnitude diagram and discuss each multiple system individually.« less

Operation of agricultural test fields for study of stressed crops by remote sensing

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Toler, R. W.

1974-01-01

A test site for the study of winter wheat development and collection of ERTS data was established in September of 1973. The test site is a 10 mile square area located 12.5 miles west of Amarillo, Texas on Interstate Hwy. 40, in Randall and Potter counties. The center of the area is the Southwestern Great Plains Research Center at Bushland, Texas. Within the test area all wheat fields were identified by ground truth and designated irrigated or dryland. The fields in the test area other than wheat were identified as to pasture or the crop that was grown. A ground truth area of hard red winter wheat was established west of Hale Center, Texas. Maps showing the location of winter wheat fields in excess of 40 acres in size within a 10 mile radius were supplied NASA. Satellite data was collected for this test site (ERTS-1).

Formation of methyl formate in comets by irradiation of methanol-bearing ices

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Modica, P.; Palumbo, M. E.; Strazzulla, G.

2012-12-01

Methyl formate is a complex organic molecule considered potentially relevant as precursor of biologically active molecules. It has been observed in several astrophysical environments, such as hot cores, hot corinos, and comets. The processes that drive the formation of molecules in cometary ices are poorly understood. In particular it is not yet clear if molecules are directly accreted from the pre-solar nebula to form comets or are formed after accretion. The present work analyzes the possible role of cosmic ion irradiation and radioactive decay in methyl formate formation in methanol-bearing ices. The results indicate that cosmic ion irradiation can account for about 12% of the methyl formate observed in comet Hale-Bopp, while radioactive decay can account for about 6% of this amount. The need of new data coming from earth based and space observational projects as well as from laboratory experiments is outlined.

Using the Modified Precursor Method to Estimate the Size of Cycle 24

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Wilson, Robert M.; Hathaway, David H.

2008-01-01

Modified geomagnetic precursor techniques for predicting the size of the following sunspot cycle are developed, where these techniques use the 12-month moving averages of the number of disturbed days (when Ap greater than or equals 25), the Ap index, the aa index, and the aaI index at about 4 yr during the declining portion of the preceding sunspot cycle. For cycle 24, these techniques suggest that its RM will measure about 130 +/- 14, a value outside the consensus prediction interval of the low prediction (90 +/- 10) given by the NOAA Solar Cycle 24 Prediction Panel. Furthermore, cycle 24 is predicted to be a fast-rising cycle (ASC = 44 +/- 5 months), peaking before April 2012, presuming the official start of cycle 24 in March 2008. Also discussed are the variation of solar cycle lengths and Hale cycle effects, as related to cycles 23 and 24.

Aeroelastic Analysis Of Joined Wing Of High Altitude Long Endurance (HALE) Aircraft Based On The Sensor-Craft Configuration

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Marisarla, Soujanya; Ghia, Urmila; "Karman" Ghia, Kirti

2002-11-01

Towards a comprehensive aeroelastic analysis of a joined wing, fluid dynamics and structural analyses are initially performed separately. Steady flow calculations are currently performed using 3-D compressible Navier-Stokes equations. Flow analysis of M6-Onera wing served to validate the software for the fluid dynamics analysis. The complex flow field of the joined wing is analyzed and the prevailing fluid dynamic forces are computed using COBALT software. Currently, these forces are being transferred as fluid loads on the structure. For the structural analysis, several test cases were run considering the wing as a cantilever beam; these served as validation cases. A nonlinear structural analysis of the wing is being performed using ANSYS software to predict the deflections and stresses on the joined wing. Issues related to modeling, and selecting appropriate mesh for the structure were addressed by first performing a linear analysis. The frequencies and mode shapes of the deformed wing are obtained from modal analysis. Both static and dynamic analyses are carried out, and the results obtained are carefully analyzed. Loose coupling between the fluid and structural analyses is currently being examined.

Process for Refining and Validating a Finite Element Model of an Experimental High-Altitude, Long-Endurance (HALE) Aircraft

DTIC Science & Technology

2011-06-01

7 Figure 4. Helios flying near the Hawaiian islands of Niihau and Lehua [15] ................... 8 Figure 5. Plan view of ERAST Program aircraft...Figure 4. Helios flying near the Hawaiian islands of Niihau and Lehua [15] 9 Figure 5. Plan view of ERAST Program aircraft

The combined solar and tidal influence in climate

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Bell, P. R.

1981-01-01

To provide an early warning indication of the CO2 warning signal, we are searching for periodic or projectable trends in climate. The strong 20.5 year oscillation in Eastern North American January temperature found by Mock and Hibler shows evidence of a beat between waves with periods of 22.36 (22.21 to 22.55) years and 18.64 (18.45 to 18.79) years with an opposition at about 1880. These are interpreted to be the 22.279 year solar Hale magnetic cycle and the 18.61 year lunar nodal tidal cycle. The lunar nodal cycle is known to produce changes in the sea surface temperature through increased mixing of the mixed layer of the ocean. This beat note is shown to be evident in the Western High Plains drought record of Mitchell, Stockton and Meko and to provide a better bit to the drought series, especially at the beat oppositions in 1880 and 1770.

Automated Fault Interpretation and Extraction using Improved Supplementary Seismic Datasets

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bollmann, T. A.; Shank, R.

2017-12-01

During the interpretation of seismic volumes, it is necessary to interpret faults along with horizons of interest. With the improvement of technology, the interpretation of faults can be expedited with the aid of different algorithms that create supplementary seismic attributes, such as semblance and coherency. These products highlight discontinuities, but still need a large amount of human interaction to interpret faults and are plagued by noise and stratigraphic discontinuities. Hale (2013) presents a method to improve on these datasets by creating what is referred to as a Fault Likelihood volume. In general, these volumes contain less noise and do not emphasize stratigraphic features. Instead, planar features within a specified strike and dip range are highlighted. Once a satisfactory Fault Likelihood Volume is created, extraction of fault surfaces is much easier. The extracted fault surfaces are then exported to interpretation software for QC. Numerous software packages have implemented this methodology with varying results. After investigating these platforms, we developed a preferred Automated Fault Interpretation workflow.

Perceptual Repetition Blindness Effects

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hochhaus, Larry; Johnston, James C.; Null, Cynthia H. (Technical Monitor)

1994-01-01

The phenomenon of repetition blindness (RB) may reveal a new limitation on human perceptual processing. Recently, however, researchers have attributed RB to post-perceptual processes such as memory retrieval and/or reporting biases. The standard rapid serial visual presentation (RSVP) paradigm used in most RB studies is, indeed, open to such objections. Here we investigate RB using a "single-frame" paradigm introduced by Johnston and Hale (1984) in which memory demands are minimal. Subjects made only a single judgement about whether one masked target word was the same or different than a post-target probe. Confidence ratings permitted use of signal detection methods to assess sensitivity and bias effects. In the critical condition for RB a precue of the post-target word was provided prior to the target stimulus (identity precue), so that the required judgement amounted to whether the target did or did not repeat the precue word. In control treatments, the precue was either an unrelated word or a dummy.

Continued Kinematic and Photometric Investigations of Hierarchical Solar-type Multiple Star Systems

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Roberts, Lewis C. Jr.; Marinan, Anne D.; Tokovinin, Andrei

2017-03-01

We observed 15 of the solar-type binaries within 67 pc of the Sun previously observed by the Robo-AO system in the visible, with the PHARO near-infrared camera and the PALM-3000 adaptive optics system on the 5 m Hale telescope. The physical status of the binaries is confirmed through common proper motion and detection of orbital motion. In the process, we detected a new candidate companion to HIP 95309. We also resolved the primary of HIP 110626 into a close binary, making that system a triple. These detections increase the completeness of the multiplicity survey of the solar-type stars within 67more » pc of the Sun. Combining our observations of HIP 103455 with archival astrometric measurements and RV measurements, we are able to compute the first orbit of HIP 103455, showing that the binary has a 68 year period. We place the components on a color–magnitude diagram and discuss each multiple system individually.« less

STS-85 Mission Specialist Stephen Robinson suits up

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1997-01-01

STS-85 Mission Specialist Stephen K. Robinson smiles as he is assisted with his ascent/reentry flight suit by a suit technician in the Operations and Checkout (O&C) Building. He has been a NASA employee since 1975 and has worked at Ames and Langley Research Centers. Robinson holds a doctorate in mechanical engineering and is a licensed pilot. He will assist Mission Specialist Robert L. Curbeam, Jr. with the Cryogenic Infrared Spectrometers and Telescopes for the Atmosphere-Shuttle Pallet Satellite-2 (CRISTA- SPAS-2) free-flyer and conduct Comet Hale-Bopp observations with the Southwest Ultraviolet Imaging System. Robinson will also coordinate photo and television data operations during the mission. The primary payload aboard the Space Shuttle orbiter Discovery is the CRISTA-SPAS- 2. Other payloads on the 11-day mission include the Manipulator Flight Demonstration (MFD), and Technology Applications and Science-1 (TAS-1) and International Extreme Ultraviolet Hitchhiker-2 (IEH-2) experiments.

Phosphatidylcholine Synthesis in Castor Bean Endosperm 1

PubMed Central

Kinney, Anthony J.; Moore, Thomas S.

1987-01-01

Endosperm halves from 3-day-old castor bean (Ricinus communis var Hale) were incubated for 30 minutes with l-[14C]serine, after which label was observed in ethanolamine, choline, phosphatidylserine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine, ethanolaminephosphate, and CDPethanolamine, but not in cholinephosphate or CDPcholine. Only later did significant amounts of isotope become incorporated into cholinephosphate and CDPcholine. The choline kinase inhibitor hemicholinium-3 prevented the incorporation of label from serine into cholinephosphate and CDPcholine, reduced the incorporation of [14C]choline into phosphatidylcholine by 65%, but inhibited the incorporation of label into phosphatidylcholine from serine by only 15%. The inhibitor did not prevent the incorporation of labeled methyl groups from S-adenosyl-l-methionine into phosphatidyldimethylethanolamine plus phosphatidylcholine. The amount of incorporation of label from the methyl donor was only 8% of that from choline into phosphatidylcholine. The implications of these results for the pathway and regulation of phosphatidylcholine synthesis from the water-soluble precursors are discussed. PMID:16665410

B-spline parameterization of the dielectric function and information criteria: the craft of non-overfitting

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Likhachev, Dmitriy V.

2017-06-01

Johs and Hale developed the Kramers-Kronig consistent B-spline formulation for the dielectric function modeling in spectroscopic ellipsometry data analysis. In this article we use popular Akaike, corrected Akaike and Bayesian Information Criteria (AIC, AICc and BIC, respectively) to determine an optimal number of knots for B-spline model. These criteria allow finding a compromise between under- and overfitting of experimental data since they penalize for increasing number of knots and select representation which achieves the best fit with minimal number of knots. Proposed approach provides objective and practical guidance, as opposite to empirically driven or "gut feeling" decisions, for selecting the right number of knots for B-spline models in spectroscopic ellipsometry. AIC, AICc and BIC selection criteria work remarkably well as we demonstrated in several real-data applications. This approach formalizes selection of the optimal knot number and may be useful in practical perspective of spectroscopic ellipsometry data analysis.

Phosphatidylglycerol synthesis in castor bean endosperm. [Ricinus communis

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Moore, T.S. Jr.

1974-01-01

The synthesis of phosphatidylglycerol in castor bean (Ricinus communis var. Hale) endosperm tissue was found to be located in both the endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondrial fractions separated on sucrose density gradients. The enzyme of both fractions attained maximum activity at 5 mM Mn/sup 2 +/, 0.075 percent Triton X-100, and pH 7.3. The addition of dithiothreitol produced little effect, but sulfhydryl inhibitors reduced activity in both systems. Cytidine diphosphate-diglyceride exhibited an apparent Michaelis constant for the endoplasmic reticulum enzyme of 2.8 ..mu..M and for the mitochondrial enzyme of 2.0 ..mu..M; the maximum reaction rate was achieved at about 20 ..mu..M.more » For the second substrate, glycerol-phosphate, the apparent Michaelis constant for both fractions was about 50 ..mu..M and maximum velocity was reached at 400 ..mu..M. The specific activity of the mitochondrial enzyme was generally twice that of the endoplasmic reticulum.« less

Phosphatidylcholine synthesis in castor bean endosperm. I. Metabolism of L-serine. [Ricinus communis

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Kinney, A.J.; Moore, T.S. Jr.

1987-05-01

Endosperm halves from 3-day-old castor bean (Ricinus communis var Hale) were incubated for 30 minutes with L(/sup 14/C)serine, after which label was observed in ethanolamine, choline, phosphatidylserine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine, ethanolaminephosphate, and CDPethanolamine, but not in cholinephosphate or CDPcholine. Only later did significant amounts of isotope become incorporated into cholinephosphate and CDPcholine. The choline kinase inhibitor hemicholinium-3 prevented the incorporation of label from serine into choline-phosphate and CDPcholine, reduced the incorporation of (/sup 14/C)choline into phosphatidylcholine by 65%, but inhibited the incorporation of label into phosphatidylcholine from serine by only 15%. The inhibitor did not prevent the incorporation of labeled methylmore » groups from S-adenosyl-L-methionine into phosphatidyldimethylethanolamine plus phosphatidyl-choline. The amount of incorporation of label from the methyl donor was only 8% of that from choline into phosphatidylcholine. The implications of these results for the pathway and regulation of phosphatidylcholine synthesis from the water-soluble precursors are discussed.« less

The Wasp-Waist Nebula: VLA Ammonia Observations of the Molecular Core Envelope In a Unique Class 0 Protostellar System

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Wiseman, Jennifer

2010-01-01

The Wasp-Waist Nebula was discovered in the IRAC c2d survey of the Ophiuchus starforming clouds. It is powered by a well-isolated, low-luminosity, low-mass Class 0 object. Its weak outflow has been mapped in the CO (3-2) transition with the JCMT, in 2.12 micron H2 emission with WIRC (the Wide-Field Infrared Camera) on the Hale 5-meter, and, most recently, in six H2 mid-infrared lines with the IRS (InfraRed Spectrograph) on-board the Spitzer Space Telescope; possible jet twisting structure may be evidence of unique core dynamics. Here, we report results of recent VLA ammonia mapping observations of the dense gas envelope feeding the central core protostellar system. We describe the morphology, kinematics, and angular momentum characteristics of this unique system. The results are compared with the envelope structure deduced from IRAC 8-micron absorption of the PAH (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon) background emission from the cloud.

VizieR Online Data Catalog: Photospheric properties of T Tauri stars (Herczeg+, 2014)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Herczeg, G. J.; Hillenbrand, L. A.

2017-06-01

We obtained low resolution optical spectra with the Double Spectrograph (DBSP; Oke & Gunn 1982PASP...94..586O) on the Hale 200 inch telescope at Palomar Observatory on 2008 January 18-21 and 2008 December 28-30, and with the Low Resolution Imaging Spectrograph (LRIS; Oke et al. 1995PASP..107..375O; McCarthy et al. 1998SPIE.3355...81M) on Keck I on 2006 November 23 and 2008 May 28. The entire sample of the 2006 Keck observations was published in Herczeg & Hillenbrand (2008ApJ...681..594H). The latest spectral types of the 2008 May run were published in Herczeg et al. (2009ApJ...696.1589H). The Atmospheric Dispersion Corrector (Phillips et al. 2006SPIE.6269E..1OP) was used for the 2008 May run but was not yet available in 2006 November. Both DBSP and LRIS use a dichroic to split the light into red and blue beams at ~5600 Å. (1 data file).

VizieR Online Data Catalog: Potential exoplanet targets with Palomar/TripleSpec (Zellem+, 2014)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zellem, R. T.; Griffith, C. A.; Deroo, P.; Swain, M. R.; Waldmann, I. P.

2017-05-01

We observed HD 209458b's emission with the 3.0 m NASA IRTF at the Mauna Kea Observatory and SpeX (Rayner et al. 2003PASP..115..362R), a near-IR spectrometer with a wavelength coverage of 2.0-4.2 um (K and L bands) and a resolution of R=2500, and with the 200 inch (5.08 m) Hale Telescope at the Palomar Observatory and TripleSpec, a near-IR spectrometer with a wavelength coverage of 1.0-2.4 um (J, H, and K bands) and a resolution of R=2500-2700. While low-resolution spectroscopic observations are incapable of observing the fine-scale structure of the spectral lines, the SpeX and TripleSpec spectral channels can be binned to increase the signal-to-noise ratio (S/N). We observed HD 209458b's 2011 September 9 (UT) secondary eclipse for ~8 hr, resulting in 1210 exposures of 10 s each in an ABBA nodding sequence. (1 data file).

Chapman Conference on Generation of the Oceanic Lithosphere

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Presnall, D. C.; Hales, A. L.; Frey, F. A.

On April 6-10, 1981, the Chapman conference on Generation of the Oceanic Lithosphere was held at Airlie House, Warrenton, Virginia. It was convened by D.C. Presnall, A.L. Hales (both at the University of Texas at Dallas), and F.A. Frey (Massachusetts Institute of Technology). The purpose of the conference was to bring together scientists with diverse specialties to develop a better understanding of the constraints imposed by geophysics, geochemistry, petrology, and tectonics on processes of oceanic lithosphere generation. Sessions were held on the nature of the crust and upper mantle at spreading centers; trace elements and isotopes; experimental petrology; magma chamber dynamics, melt migration, and mantle flow; slow versus fast spreading ridges; Atlantic spreading centers; Pacific spreading centers; and hydrothermal activity, metasomatism, and metamorphism. Fifty-four oral papers and 47 poster papers were presented. One hundred twenty-eight scientists attended from Australia, Canada, Cyprus, Denmark, France, Iceland, Japan, Mexico, United Kingdom, United States, and the USSR.

Optimization of a Boiling Water Reactor Loading Pattern Using an Improved Genetic Algorithm

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Kobayashi, Yoko; Aiyoshi, Eitaro

2003-08-15

A search method based on genetic algorithms (GA) using deterministic operators has been developed to generate optimized boiling water reactor (BWR) loading patterns (LPs). The search method uses an Improved GA operator, that is, crossover, mutation, and selection. The handling of the encoding technique and constraint conditions is designed so that the GA reflects the peculiar characteristics of the BWR. In addition, some strategies such as elitism and self-reproduction are effectively used to improve the search speed. LP evaluations were performed with a three-dimensional diffusion code that coupled neutronic and thermal-hydraulic models. Strong axial heterogeneities and three-dimensional-dependent constraints have alwaysmore » necessitated the use of three-dimensional core simulators for BWRs, so that an optimization method is required for computational efficiency. The proposed algorithm is demonstrated by successfully generating LPs for an actual BWR plant applying the Haling technique. In test calculations, candidates that shuffled fresh and burned fuel assemblies within a reasonable computation time were obtained.« less

Neptune Clouds and Methane, from Ground-Based Visible and Near-Infrared Spectroscopy with Adaptive Optics

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tice, D. S.; Irwin, P. G. J.; Houghton, R. W. C.; Fletcher, L. N.; Clarke, F.; Hurley, J.; Thatte, N.; Tecza, M.

2013-09-01

Observations of Neptune were made in June/July 2012 with the SWIFT integral field spectrometer at the Palomar Observatory's 200-inch Hale Telescope. Spectral resolutions for observations between 0.65 μm and 1.0 μm were R ≥ 3250. Palomar's PALM-3000 adaptive optics system enabled images of the full Neptunian disc to be recorded at a spatial scale of 0.08"·pixel^-1 with a seeing of approximately 0.30" - 0.40". Retrievals of cloud properties and methane abundance in the highly dynamic atmosphere were obtained with the general-purpose retrieval tool, NEMESIS. The short wavelengths of the observations allowed for good characterisation of the scattering particles' optical properties in the many cloud and haze layers of the upper Neptunian atmosphere. A region of relatively low methane absorption and high collision-induced hydrogen quadrupole absorption at 825 nm further constrains spectral properties of clouds as distinguished from those of methane absorption.

The existence of almost periodic solutions of certain perturbation systems

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Xia, Yonghui; Lin, Muren; Cao, Jinde

2005-10-01

Certain almost periodic perturbation systems are considered in this paper. By using the roughness theory of exponential dichotomies and the contraction mapping principle, some sufficient conditions are obtained for the existence and uniqueness of almost periodic solution of the above systems. Our results generalize those in [J.K. Hale, Ordinary Differential Equations, Krieger, Huntington, 1980; C. He, Existence of almost periodic solutions of perturbation systems, Ann. Differential Equations 9 (1992) 173-181; M. Lin, The existence of almost periodic solution and bounded solution of perturbation systems, Acta Math. Sinica 22A (2002) 61-70 (in Chinese); W.A. Coppel, Almost periodic properties of ordinary differential equations, Ann. Math. Pura Appl. 76 (1967) 27-50; A.M. Fink, Almost Periodic Differential Equations, Lecture Notes in Math., vol. 377, Springer-Verlag, New York, 1974; Y. Xia, F. Chen, A. Chen, J. Cao, Existence and global attractivity of an almost periodic ecological model, Appl. Math. Comput. 157 (2004) 449-475].

Predicting the size of individual and group differences on speeded cognitive tasks.

PubMed

Chen, Jing; Hale, Sandra; Myerson, Joel

2007-06-01

An a priori test of the difference engine model (Myerson, Hale, Zheng, Jenkins, & Widaman, 2003) was conducted using a large, diverse sample of individuals who performed three speeded verbal tasks and three speeded visuospatial tasks. Results demonstrated that, as predicted by the model, the group standard deviation (SD) on any task was proportional to the amount of processing required by that task. Both individual performances as well as those of fast and slow subgroups could be accurately predicted by the model using no free parameters, just an individual or subgroup's mean z-score and the values of theoretical constructs estimated from fits to the group SDs. Taken together, these results are consistent with post hoc analyses reported by Myerson et al. and provide even stronger supporting evidence. In particular, the ability to make quantitative predictions without using any free parameters provides the clearest demonstration to date of the power of an analytic approach on the basis of the difference engine.

The PALM-3000 high-order adaptive optics system for Palomar Observatory

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bouchez, Antonin H.; Dekany, Richard G.; Angione, John R.; Baranec, Christoph; Britton, Matthew C.; Bui, Khanh; Burruss, Rick S.; Cromer, John L.; Guiwits, Stephen R.; Henning, John R.; Hickey, Jeff; McKenna, Daniel L.; Moore, Anna M.; Roberts, Jennifer E.; Trinh, Thang Q.; Troy, Mitchell; Truong, Tuan N.; Velur, Viswa

2008-07-01

Deployed as a multi-user shared facility on the 5.1 meter Hale Telescope at Palomar Observatory, the PALM-3000 highorder upgrade to the successful Palomar Adaptive Optics System will deliver extreme AO correction in the near-infrared, and diffraction-limited images down to visible wavelengths, using both natural and sodium laser guide stars. Wavefront control will be provided by two deformable mirrors, a 3368 active actuator woofer and 349 active actuator tweeter, controlled at up to 3 kHz using an innovative wavefront processor based on a cluster of 17 graphics processing units. A Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensor with selectable pupil sampling will provide high-order wavefront sensing, while an infrared tip/tilt sensor and visible truth wavefront sensor will provide low-order LGS control. Four back-end instruments are planned at first light: the PHARO near-infrared camera/spectrograph, the SWIFT visible light integral field spectrograph, Project 1640, a near-infrared coronagraphic integral field spectrograph, and 888Cam, a high-resolution visible light imager.

The Oxford SWIFT Spectrograph: first commissioning and on-sky results

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Thatte, Niranjan; Tecza, Mathias; Clarke, Fraser; Goodsall, Timothy; Fogarty, Lisa; Houghton, Ryan; Salter, Graeme; Scott, Nicholas; Davies, Roger L.; Bouchez, Antonin; Dekany, Richard

2010-07-01

The Oxford SWIFT spectrograph, an I & z band (6500-10500 A) integral field spectrograph, is designed to operate as a facility instrument at the 200 inch Hale Telescope on Palomar Mountain, in conjunction with the Palomar laser guide star adaptive optics system PALAO (and its upgrade to PALM3000). SWIFT provides spectra at R(≡λ/▵λ)~4000 of a contiguous two-dimensional field, 44 x 89 spatial pixels (spaxels) in size, at spatial scales of 0.235", 0.16", and 0.08" per spaxel. It employs two 250μm thick, fully depleted, extremely red sensitive 4k X 2k CCD detector arrays (manufactured by LBNL) that provide excellent quantum efficiency out to 1000 nm. We describe the commissioning observations and present the measured values of a number of instrument parameters. We also present some first science results that give a taste of the range of science programs where SWIFT can have a substantial impact.

Theodicies and professional quality of life in a nationally representative sample of chaplains in the veterans' health administration.

PubMed

Currier, Joseph M; Drescher, Kent D; Nieuwsma, Jason A; McCormick, Wesley H

2017-01-01

This study examined the role of theodicies or theological/philosophic attempts to resolve existential dilemmas related to evil and human suffering in chaplains' professional quality of life (ProQOL). A nationally representative sample of 298 VHA chaplains completed the recently developed Views of Suffering Scale (Hale-Smith, Park, & Edmondson, 2012 ) and ProQOL-5 (Stamm, 2010 ). Descriptive results revealed that 20-50% endorsed strong theistic beliefs in a compassionate deity who reciprocally suffers with hurting people, God ultimately being responsible for suffering, and that suffering can provide opportunities for intimate encounters with God and personal growth. Other results indicated that chaplains' beliefs about human suffering were differentially linked with their sense of enjoyment/purpose in working with veterans. These results suggest that theodicies might serve as a pathway to resilience for individuals in spiritual communities and traditions in USA, particularly for clinicians and ministry professionals who are committed to serving the needs of traumatized persons.

C-17 on Runway

NASA Image and Video Library

2013-11-13

A U.S. Air Force C-17 transport aircraft sits on the sea ice runway at the National Science Foundation's McMurdo Station in Antarctica following a transit flight from Christchurch, New Zealand that transported IceBridge personnel and gear on Nov. 12, 2013. The C-17 aircraft that fly to Antarctica are operated by the U.S. Air Force's 62nd and 446th Airlift Wings based at Joint Base Lewis-McChord near Seattle, Wash. Credit: NASA/Goddard/George Hale NASA's Operation IceBridge is an airborne science mission to study Earth's polar ice. For more information about IceBridge, visit: www.nasa.gov/icebridge NASA image use policy. NASA Goddard Space Flight Center enables NASA’s mission through four scientific endeavors: Earth Science, Heliophysics, Solar System Exploration, and Astrophysics. Goddard plays a leading role in NASA’s accomplishments by contributing compelling scientific knowledge to advance the Agency’s mission. Follow us on Twitter Like us on Facebook Find us on Instagram

VizieR Online Data Catalog: Palomar Transient Factory SNe IIn photometry (Ofek+, 2014)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ofek, E. O.; Arcavi, I.; Tal, D.; Sullivan, M.; Gal-Yam, A.; Kulkarni, S. R.; Nugent, P. E.; Ben-Ami, S.; Bersier, D.; Cao, Y.; Cenko, S. B.; De Cia, A.; Filippenko, A. V.; Fransson, C.; Kasliwal, M. M.; Laher, R.; Surace, J.; Quimby, R.; Yaron, O.

2017-07-01

The Palomar Transient Factory (PTF; Law et al. 2009PASP..121.1395L; Rau et al. 2009PASP..121.1334R) and its extension the intermediate PTF (iPTF) found over 2200 spectroscopically confirmed SNe. We selected 19 SNe IIn for which PTF/iPTF has good coverage of the light-curve rise and peak; they are listed in Table 1. Optical spectra were obtained with a variety of telescopes and instruments, including the Double Spectrograph (Oke & Gunn 1982PASP...94..586O) at the Palomar 5 m Hale telescope, the Kast spectrograph (Miller & Stone 1993, Lick Observatory Technical Report 66 (Santa Cruz, CA: Lick Observatory)) at the Lick 3 m Shane telescope, the Low Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (Oke et al. 1995PASP..107..375O) on the Keck-1 10 m telescope, and the Deep Extragalactic Imaging Multi-Object Spectrograph (Faber et al. 2003SPIE.4841.1657F) on the Keck-2 10 m telescope. (2 data files).

STS-114: Discovery Day 6 Post MMT Meeting

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2005-01-01

Wayne Hale, Space Shuttle Deputy Program Manager and Steve Poulos, Orbiter Program Manager, discuss the damage assessment from the tiles that came off the Space Shuttle Discovery during launch. Poulos presents charts and discusses in detail the following topics: 1) Composite Tile Damage/Gap Filler Sites Evaluation; 2) Protruding Ceramic Shim Aft of the Nose Landing Gear Door (NLGD); 3) Protruding Chine Gap Filler; 4) RH NLGD Tile Damage; 5) RH NLGD Damage Analysis; 6) Left Wing Tile Damage; 7) Comparison of Ground Test Results vs. FD5 Focused Inspection; 8) Current Status: Focused Inspection 721L07-01 ITVC FD5 Image of Panel 7L Apex 9) Current Status: Focused Inspection Lower Panel 7L721L07-02; 10) Current Status Focused Inspection 721L10-02 Lower Panel 10L Close-up view; and 11) Window 1 Blanket. The presentation ends with a question and answer period from the news media.

Independent CMEs from a Single Solar Active Region - The Case of the Super-Eruptive NOAA AR11429

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chintzoglou, Georgios; Patsourakos, Spiros; Vourlidas, Angelos

2014-06-01

In this investigation we study AR 11429, the origin of the twin super-fast CME eruptions of 07-Mar-2012. This AR fulfills all the requirements for the 'perfect storm'; namely, Hale's law incompatibility and a delta-magnetic configuration. In fact, during its limb-to-limb transit, AR 11429 spawned several eruptions which caused geomagnetic storms, including the biggest in Cycle 24 so far. Magnetic Flux Ropes (MFRs) are twisted magnetic structures in the corona, best seen in ~10MK hot plasma emission and are often considered as the culprit causing such super-eruptions. However, their 'dormant' existence in the solar atmosphere (i.e. prior to eruptions), is a matter of strong debate. Aided by multi-wavelength and multi-spacecraft observations (SDO/HMI & AIA, HINODE/SOT/SP, STEREO B/EUVI) and by using a Non-Linear Force-Free (NLFFF) model for the coronal magnetic field, our work shows two separate, weakly-twisted magnetic flux systems which suggest the existence of possible pre-eruption MFRs.

Photopolarimetric Observations of CI(1657 Angstroms) and Dust Continuum Emissions from Comet Hale-Bopp with the WISP Sounding Rocket

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Harris, W. M.; Nordsieck, K. H.; Scherb, F.; Mierkiewicz, E. J.

1997-07-01

We report on photopolarimetric observations of resonant emission from Carbon [CI(1657 Angstroms)] and scattered solar continuum from dust at 2800 Angstroms using the Wisconsin Imaging Survey Polarimeter (WISP). The WISP is a wide field (1.5deg x 4.8deg ) sounding rocket telescope originally designed for polarimetric observations of diffuse galactic light at a 1% photometric level. We will describe the initial results of our launch on 8 April, 1997 from the White Sands Missile range, including a discussion of the images obtained, and the results from supporting visible/near-infrared measurements of gas and dust from the Burrell Schmidt telescope, and spectroscopic observations of the CI(9850 Angstroms) metastable line from the McMath Pierce Solar Telescope. This research was supported by NASA grant NAG5-5091 and NSF grant AST-9615625.

Trapping of N 2, CO and Ar in amorphous ice—Application to comets

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bar-Nun, A.; Notesco, G.; Owen, T.

2007-10-01

Recent attempts using high resolution spectra to detect N +2 in several comets were unsuccessful [Cochran, A.L., Cochran, W.D., Baker, E.S., 2000. Icarus 146, 583-593; Cochran, A.L., 2002. Astrophys. J. 576, L165-L168]. The upper limits on N +2 in comparison with the positively detected CO + for Comets C/1995 O1 Hale-Bopp, 122P/1995 S1 de Vico and 153P/2002 C1 Ikeya-Zhang range between N2+/CO<(0.65-5.4)×10. Ar was not detected in three recent comets [Weaver, H.A., Feldman, P.D., Combi, M.R., Krasnopolsky, V., Lisse, C.M., Shemansky, D.E., 2002. Astrophys. J. 576, L95-L98], with upper limits of Ar/CO<(3.4-7.8)×10 for Comets C/1999 T1 McNaught-Hartley, C/2001 A2 LINEAR and C/2000 WM1 LINEAR. The Ar detected by Stern et al. [Stern, S.A., Slater, D.C., Festou, M.C., Parker, J.Wm., Gladstone, G.R., A'Hearn, M.F., Wilkinson, E., 2000. Astrophys. J. 544, L169-L172] for Comet C/1995 O1 Hale-Bopp, gives a ratio Ar/CO=7.25×10, which was not confirmed by Cosmovici et al. [Cosmovici, C.B., Bratina, V., Schwarz, G., Tozzi, G., Mumma, M.J., Stalio, R., 2006. Astrophys. Space Sci. 301, 135-143]. Trying to solve the two problems, we studied experimentally the trapping of N+CO+Ar in amorphous water ice, at 24-30 K. CO was found to be trapped in the ice 20-70 times more efficiently than N 2 and with the same efficiency as Ar. The resulting Ar/CO ratio of 1.2×10 is consistent with Weaver et al.'s [Weaver, H.A., Feldman, P.D., Combi, M.R., Krasnopolsky, V., Lisse, C.M., Shemansky, D.E., 2002. Astrophys. J. 576, L95-L98] non-detection of Ar. However, with an extreme starting value for N 2/CO = 0.22 in the region where the ice grains which agglomerated to produce comet nuclei were formed, the expected N 2/CO ratio in the cometary ice should be 6.6×10, much higher than its non-detection limit.

Integration Strategies of Pharmacists in Primary Care-Based Accountable Care Organizations: A Report from the Accountable Care Organization Research Network, Services, and Education.

PubMed

Joseph, Tina; Hale, Genevieve M; Eltaki, Sara M; Prados, Yesenia; Jones, Renee; Seamon, Matthew J; Moreau, Cynthia; Gernant, Stephanie A

2017-05-01

benefits and overcome barriers to the integration of pharmacists into patient care, programs involve pharmacists will become an increasingly common approach to improve outcomes and reduce the total cost of care and will improve the financial viability of primary care-based ACOs. No outside funding supported this research. The authors report no conflicts of interest related to this manuscript. Study concept and design were contributed by Joseph, Hale, and Eltaki, with assistance from the other authors. Prados and Jones took the lead in data collection and data interpretation and analysis, with assistance from the other authors. The manuscript was written primarily by Joseph and Hale, along with the other authors, and revised primarily by Seamon and Gernant, along with the other authors.

Large and small UAS for trace gas measurements in climate change studies

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Elkins, J. W.; Moore, F. L.; Hintsa, E. J.; D'Amore, P.; Dutton, G. S.; Nance, J. D.; Hall, B. D.; Gao, R. S.

2014-12-01

NOAA and CIRES scientists have used Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) for the measurement of trace gases involved in climate change since 2005, including both high altitude-long endurance (HALE UAS: NASA Altair & Global Hawk) and 1-m wingspan, small UAS (sUAS: SkyWisp, Aero). These gases include nitrous oxide (N2O), sulfur hexafluoride (SF6), methane (CH4), ozone (O3), carbon monoxide (CO), hydrogen (H2), and water vapor (H2O). In particular, atmospheric N2O is the third strongest greenhouse gas (326 parts-per-billion, ppb) and is the largest increasing stratospheric ozone depleting gas in terms of future emissions (~4 Tg N2O-N yr-1), primarily from fertilizer use. Atmospheric SF6, another potent greenhouse gas, is present globally at 8.2 parts-per-trillion (ppt) and growing at a rate of 0.25 ppt yr-1, and is used primarily in electrical power distribution. It is an excellent indicator of transport timescales (e.g., mean age) in the troposphere and stratosphere, because of its source distribution (~95% emitted in NH), long atmospheric lifetime (~600-3200 yr), and large relative atmospheric growth rate (~3%). We have developed atmospheric instrumentation for HALE platforms using a two-channel gas chromatograph with an ozone photometer and a water vapor tunable diode laser spectrometer. We are currently investigating a sUAS glider (SkyWisp) for balloon-assisted high altitude flights (30 km) and propeller driven sUAS (Aero) as a test bed for a new autopilot (Pixhawk, 3DRobotics). Our motivation for utilizing this autopilot is a low cost, open source autopilot alternative that can be used to return AirCore samples from high altitude balloons for quick laboratory analysis. The goal is a monitoring program to understand transport changes as a result of climate change during different seasons at many locations from a balloon-borne package (Moore et al., BAMS, pp. 147-155, Jan. 2014). The glider version of our open source autopilot system is also being considered for a

An evolving-requirements technology assessment process for advanced propulsion concepts

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

McClure, Erin Kathleen

The following dissertation investigates the development of a methodology suitable for the evaluation of advanced propulsion concepts. At early stages of development, both the future performance of these concepts and their requirements are highly uncertain, making it difficult to forecast their future value. Developing advanced propulsion concepts requires a huge investment of resources. The methodology was developed to enhance the decision-makers understanding of the concepts, so that they could mitigate the risks associated with developing such concepts. A systematic methodology to identify potential advanced propulsion concepts and assess their robustness is necessary to reduce the risk of developing advanced propulsion concepts. Existing advanced design methodologies have evaluated the robustness of technologies or concepts to variations in requirements, but they are not suitable to evaluate a large number of dissimilar concepts. Variations in requirements have been shown to impact the development of advanced propulsion concepts, and any method designed to evaluate these concepts must incorporate the possible variations of the requirements into the assessment. In order to do so, a methodology was formulated to be capable of accounting for two aspects of the problem. First, it had to systemically identify a probabilistic distribution for the future requirements. Such a distribution would allow decision-makers to quantify the uncertainty introduced by variations in requirements. Second, the methodology must be able to assess the robustness of the propulsion concepts as a function of that distribution. This dissertation describes in depth these enabling elements and proceeds to synthesize them into a new method, the Evolving Requirements Technology Assessment (ERTA). As a proof of concept, the ERTA method was used to evaluate and compare advanced propulsion systems that will be capable of powering a hurricane tracking, High Altitude, Long Endurance (HALE) unmanned

Organic Aerosols as Cloud Condensation Nuclei

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hudson, J. G.

2002-05-01

agreement between these cloud chambers then tests and defines the limits of possible alterations of conventional Kohler theory (e.g., Kulmala et al. 1993).

Free energy of formation of a crystal nucleus in incongruent solidification: Implication for modeling the crystallization of aqueous nitric acid droplets in polar stratospheric clouds

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Djikaev, Yuri S.; Ruckenstein, Eli

2017-04-01

Using the formalism of classical thermodynamics in the framework of the classical nucleation theory, we derive an expression for the reversible work W* of formation of a binary crystal nucleus in a liquid binary solution of non-stoichiometric composition (incongruent crystallization). Applied to the crystallization of aqueous nitric acid droplets, the new expression more adequately takes account of the effects of nitric acid vapor compared to the conventional expression of MacKenzie, Kulmala, Laaksonen, and Vesala (MKLV) [J. Geophys. Res.: Atmos. 102, 19729 (1997)]. The predictions of both MKLV and modified expressions for the average liquid-solid interfacial tension σls of nitric acid dihydrate (NAD) crystals are compared by using existing experimental data on the incongruent crystallization of aqueous nitric acid droplets of composition relevant to polar stratospheric clouds (PSCs). The predictions for σls based on the MKLV expression are higher by about 5% compared to predictions based on our modified expression. This results in similar differences between the predictions of both expressions for the solid-vapor interfacial tension σsv of NAD crystal nuclei. The latter can be obtained by using the method based on the analysis of experimental data on crystal nucleation rates in aqueous nitric acid droplets; it exploits the dominance of the surface-stimulated mode of crystal nucleation in small droplets and its negligibility in large ones. Applying that method to existing experimental data, our expression for the free energy of formation provides an estimate for σsv of NAD in the range ≈92 dyn/cm to ≈100 dyn/cm, while the MKLV expression predicts it in the range ≈95 dyn/cm to ≈105 dyn/cm. The predictions of both expressions for W* become identical for the case of congruent crystallization; this was also demonstrated by applying our method for determining σsv to the nucleation of nitric acid trihydrate crystals in PSC droplets of stoichiometric

Theoretical investigation on iodine oxides formation and their role in the production of atmospheric aerosols

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Galvez, Óscar; Gomez, Pedro C.; Gomez-Martin, Juan C.; Saiz-Lopez, Alfonso; Pacios, Luis F.

2013-04-01

Atmospheric iodine has received considerable attention in the past two decades due to both its potential role in the catalytic destruction of ozone (1) and its contribution to the formation of ultrafine particles (2). Seaweeds, marine phytoplankton, and abiotic processes release iodocarbons and I2 to the atmosphere, which are photo-oxidized giving iodine oxides that polymerize to finally form iodine oxide particles (IOPs). In the last years, some laboratory studies have been carried out to investigate this process (see e.g. (3)), however the complete mechanism of formation of such particles and the role of water, and other condensable vapors, in this process have not yet been elucidated. In this context, quantum calculations could help to unravel essential steps of these processes and to evaluate relevant physicochemical properties that can be incorporated into atmospheric models. In this contribution, we show results of a theoretical study on different reactions that iodine oxides, in the presence of water, can undergo to form IOPs. Thermodynamic and kinetic properties of these reactions have been obtained at high level ab initio correlated calculations that included relativistic corrections. In these calculations, we have used a relativistic effective potential (REP) and REP-optimized basis sets for iodine atom developed in our group, which have previously been employed in a theoretical study about several iodinated species (4). (1) Saiz-Lopez, A.; Mahajan, A.S.; Salmon, R.A.; Bauguitte, J.B.; Jones, A.E.; Roscoe, H.K.; Plane, J.M.C. Science 2007, 317, 348-351 (2) O'Dowd, C.D.; Jimenez, J.L.; Bahreini, R.; Flagan, R.C.; Seinfeld, J.H.; Hämeri, K.; Pirjola, L.; Kulmala, M.; Jennings, S.G.; Hoffmann, T. Nature, 2002, 417, 632-636. (3) Saunders, R.W.; Kumar, R.; Gómez Martin, J.C.; Mahajan, A.S.; Murray, B.J.; Plane, J.M.C. Z. Phys. Chem. 2010, 224, 1095-1117. (4) Pacios, L.F.; Gálvez, O. J. Chem. Theory Comput., 2010, 6, 1738-1752.

Quantum chemical investigation on the catalytic mechanism of vanadium iodoperoxidase and the iodination of common organic compounds

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gálvez, Óscar; Pacios, Luis F.

2010-05-01

, L.; Kulmala, M.; Jennings, S.G.; Hoffmann, T. Nature, 2002, 417, 632-636.

Pan-Eurasian experiment (PEEX) establishing a process towards high level Pan-Eurasian atmosphere-ecosystem observation networks

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lappalainen, Hanna K.; Petäjä, Tuukka; Zaytzeva, Nina; Viisanen, Yrjö; Kotlyakov, Vladimir; Kasimov, Nikolay; Bondur, Valery; Matvienko, Gennady; Zilitinkevich, Sergej; Kulmala, Markku

2014-05-01

Pan-Eurasian Experiment (PEEX) is a new multidisciplinary research approach aiming at resolving the major uncertainties in the Earth system science and global sustainability questions in the Arctic and boreal Pan-Eurasian regions (Kulmala et al. 2011). The main goal of PEEX Research agenda is to contribute to solving the scientific questions that are specifically important for the Pan-Eurasian region in the coming years, in particular the global climate change and its consequences to nature and human society. Pan Eurasian region represents one the Earth most extensive areas of boreal forest (taiga) and the largest natural wetlands, thus being a significant source area of trace gas emissions, biogenic aerosol particles, and source and sink area for the greenhouse gas (GHG) exchange in a global scale (Guenther et al. 1995, Timkovsky et al. 2010, Tunved et al. 2006, Glagolev et al. 2010). One of the first activities of the PEEX initiative is to establish a process towards high level Pan-Eurasian Observation Networks. Siberian region is currently lacking a coordinated, coherent ground based atmosphere-ecosystem measurement network, which would be crucial component for observing and predicting the effects of climate change in the Northern Pan- Eurasian region The vision of the Pan-Eurasion network will be based on a hierarchical SMEAR-type (Stations Measuring Atmosphere-Ecosystem Interactions) integrated land-atmosphere observation system (Hari et al. 2009). A suite of stations have been selected for the Preliminary Phase of PEEX Observation network. These Preliminary Phase stations includes the SMEAR-type stations in Finland (SMEAR-I-II-II-IV stations), in Estonia (SMEAR-Järviselja) and in China (SMEAR-Nanjing) and selected stations in Russia and ecosystem station network in China. PEEX observation network will fill in the current observational gap in the Siberian region and bring the Siberian observation setup into international context with the with standardized or

Airborne trace elements near a petrochemical industrial complex in Thailand assessed by the lichen Parmotrema tinctorum (Despr. ex Nyl.) Hale.

PubMed

Boonpeng, Chaiwat; Polyiam, Wetchasart; Sriviboon, Chutima; Sangiamdee, Duangkamon; Watthana, Santi; Nimis, Pier Luigi; Boonpragob, Kansri

2017-05-01

Several trace elements discharged by the petrochemical industry are toxic to humans and the ecosystem. In this study, we assessed airborne trace elements in the vicinity of the Map Ta Phut petrochemical industrial complex in Thailand by transplanting the lichen Parmotrema tinctorum to eight industrial, two rural, and one clean air sites between October 2013 and June 2014. After 242 days, the concentrations of As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Hg, Mo, Ni, Pb, Sb, Ti, V, and Zn in lichens at most industrial sites were higher than those at the rural and the control sites; in particular, As, Cu, Mo, Sb, V, and Zn were significantly higher than at the control site (p < 0.05). Contamination factors (CFs) indicated that Cd, Cu, Mo, and Sb, which have severe health impacts, heavily contaminated at most industrial sites. Principal component analysis (PCA) showed that most elements were associated with industry, with lesser contributions from traffic and agriculture. Based on the pollution load indexes (PLIs), two industrial sites were highly polluted, five were moderately polluted, and one had a low pollution level, whereas the pollution load at the rural sites was comparable to background levels. This study reinforces the utility of lichens as cost-effective biomonitors of airborne elements, suitable for use in developing countries, where adequate numbers of air monitoring instruments are unavailable due to financial, technical, and policy constraints.

Space Shuttle Status News Conference

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2005-01-01

Richard Gilbech, External Tank "Tiger Team" Lead, begins this space shuttle news conference with detailing the two major objectives of the team. The objectives include: 1) Finding the root cause of the foam loss on STS-114; and 2) Near and long term improvements for the external tank. Wayne Hale, Space Shuttle Program Manager, presents a chart to explain the external tank foam loss during STS-114. He gives a possible launch date for STS-121 after there has been a repair to the foam on the External Tank. He further discusses the changes that need to be made to the surrounding areas of the plant in New Orleans, due to Hurricane Katrina. Bill Gerstemaier, NASA Associate Administrator for Space Operations, elaborates on the testing of the external tank foam loss. The discussion ends with questions from the news media about a fix for the foam, replacement of the tiles, foam loss avoidance, the root cause of foam loss and a possible date for a new external tank to be shipped to NASA Kennedy Space Center.

A Study of the Low Mass Binary Star Ross 614

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gatewood, G.; Han, I.; Tangren, W.

2001-12-01

We have combined photograph, MAP, interferometric, and spectroscopic data to determine the orbital characteristics and masses of the Ross 614 binary star system. Attention was first drawn to the star by Frank E. Ross (1927, AJ 37, 193) who noticed its high proper motion in a comparison of new plates with those taken at the Yerkes Observatory by E.E. Barnard. The Binary nature of the star was recognized from accelerations in the star's proper motion (D. Reuyl 1936, AJ 55, 236) and the mass of the companion was first estimated by combining measurements of McCormick and Sproul plates with a separation measured by Walter Baade at the Hale 5-m reflector (S.L. Lippincott 1955, AJ 60, 379). In her paper Lippincott notes the companion's significance as defining the lower end of the observational main sequence. Fifty six years later the star still holds that honor. With a wealth of new data spanning more than 3 additional orbits, we find her value of 0.08 solar masses to be within our error of our value.

Atlas of Great Comets

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Stoyan, Ronald; Dunlop, Storm

2015-01-01

Foreword; Using this book; Part I. Introduction: Cometary beliefs and fears; Comets in art; Comets in literature and poetry; Comets in science; Cometary science today; Great comets in antiquity; Great comets of the Middle Ages; Part II. The 30 Greatest Comets of Modern Times: The Great Comet of 1471; Comet Halley 1531; The Great Comet of 1556; The Great Comet of 1577; Comet Halley, 1607; The Great Comet of 1618; The Great Comet of 1664; Comet Kirch, 1680; Comet Halley, 1682; The Great Comet of 1744; Comet Halley, 1759; Comet Messier, 1769; Comet Flaugergues, 1811; Comet Halley, 1835; The Great March Comet of 1843; Comet Donati, 1858; Comet Tebbutt, 1861; The Great September Comet of 1882; The Great January Comet of 1910; Comet Halley, 1910; Comet Arend-Roland, 1956; Comet Ikeya-Seki, 1965; Comet Bennett, 1970; Comet Kohoutek, 1973-4; Comet West, 1976; Comet Halley, 1986; Comet Shoemaker-Levy 9, 1994; Comet Hyakutake, 1996; Comet Hale-Bopp, 1997; Comet McNaught, 2007; Part III. Appendices; Table of comet data; Glossary; References; Photo credits; Index.

BORE II

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Bore II, co-developed by Berkeley Lab researchers Frank Hale, Chin-Fu Tsang, and Christine Doughty, provides vital information for solving water quality and supply problems and for improving remediation of contaminated sites. Termed "hydrophysical logging," this technology is based on the concept of measuring repeated depth profiles of fluid electric conductivity in a borehole that is pumping. As fluid enters the wellbore, its distinct electric conductivity causes peaks in the conductivity log that grow and migrate upward with time. Analysis of the evolution of the peaks enables characterization of groundwater flow distribution more quickly, more cost effectively, and with higher resolutionmore » than ever before. Combining the unique interpretation software Bore II with advanced downhole instrumentation (the hydrophysical logging tool), the method quantifies inflow and outflow locations, their associated flow rates, and the basic water quality parameters of the associated formation waters (e.g., pH, oxidation-reduction potential, temperature). In addition, when applied in conjunction with downhole fluid sampling, Bore II makes possible a complete assessment of contaminant concentration within groundwater.« less

Midcourse Space Experiment Observations of Small Solar System Bodies

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kraemer, Kathleen E.; Lisse, C. M.; Price, Stephan D.; Mizuno, D.; Walker, R. G.; Farnham, T. L.; Mäkinen, T.

2005-11-01

Eight comets, two transition objects (extinct comet candidates), and two near-Earth asteroids were imaged in four infrared bands with the SPIRIT III instrument on the Midcourse Space Experiment, namely, C/1996 B2 (Hyakutake), C/1995 O1 (Hale-Bopp), C/1996 Q1 (Tabur), 126P/IRAS, 22P/Kopff, 46P/Wirtanen, (3200) Phaethon, (4015) 107P/Wilson-Harrington, (4179) Toutatis, (4197) 1982 TA, 125P/Spacewatch, and 55P/Tempel-Tuttle. We present maps of each object detected and a description of their characteristics. Five of the comets had extended dust tails, all of which show evidence for silicate emission in the 8.3 μm band. The comet C/Hyakutake had a strong secondary dust tail along the direction of the comet's motion, which the dynamical models showed was consistent with emission from large particles. The dust trail from P/Kopff was detected more than 2° from the coma in three of the four bands and is probably composed of large particles emitted during the 1996 apparition.

STS-85 Day 08 Highlights

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1997-01-01

On this eighth day of the STS-85 mission, the flight crew, Cmdr. Curtis L. Brown, Jr., Pilot Kent V. Rominger, Payload Cmdr. N. Jan Davis (Ph.D.), Mission Specialists Robert L. Curbeam, Jr. and Stephen K. Robinson (Ph.D.), and Payload Specialist Bjarni V. Tryggvason entered the final portion of its flight. The new Mir 24 crew of Commander Anatoly Solovyev and Flight Engineer Pavel Vinogradov, who arrived on the station the same day Discovery was launched, bid farewell to Mir 23 Commander Vasily Tsibliev and Flight Engineer Alexander Lazutkin who are returning home after 185 days in space. The Soyuz vehicle carrying the Mir 23 crew home undocked from the station. Robinson again used the Southwest Ultraviolet Imaging System (SWUIS), a 7-inch imaging telescope that is pointed out of the orbiter's middeck hatch window, to observe the Hale-Bopp comet. Curbeam continued his work with the Bioreactor Demonstration System designed to perform cell biology experiments under controlled conditions. Tryggvason spent part of his time troubleshooting a computer hard drive system that supports the Microgravity Vibration Isolation Mount experiment.

VizieR Online Data Catalog: R-band light curves of type II supernovae (Rubin+, 2016)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rubin, A.; Gal-Yam, A.; De Cia, A.; Horesh, A.; Khazov, D.; Ofek, E. O.; Kulkarni, S. R.; Arcavi, I.; Manulis, I.; Yaron, O.; Vreeswijk, P.; Kasliwal, M. M.; Ben-Ami, S.; Perley, D. A.; Cao, Y.; Cenko, S. B.; Rebbapragada, U. D.; Wozniak, P. R.; Filippenko, A. V.; Clubb, K. I.; Nugent, P. E.; Pan, Y.-C.; Badenes, C.; Howell, D. A.; Valenti, S.; Sand, D.; Sollerman, J.; Johansson, J.; Leonard, D. C.; Horst, J. C.; Armen, S. F.; Fedrow, J. M.; Quimby, R. M.; Mazzali, P.; Pian, E.; Sternberg, A.; Matheson, T.; Sullivan, M.; Maguire, K.; Lazarevic, S.

2016-05-01

Our sample consists of 57 SNe from the PTF (Law et al. 2009PASP..121.1395L; Rau et al. 2009PASP..121.1334R) and the intermediate Palomar Transient Factory (iPTF; Kulkarni 2013ATel.4807....1K) surveys. Data were routinely collected by the Palomar 48-inch survey telescope in the Mould R-band. Follow-up observations were conducted mainly with the robotic 60-inch telescope using an SDSS r-band filter, with additional telescopes providing supplementary photometry and spectroscopy (see Gal-Yam et al. 2011, J/ApJ/736/159). The full list of SNe, their coordinates, and classification spectra are presented in Table 1. Most of the spectra were obtained with the Double Spectrograph on the 5m Hale telescope at Palomar Observatory, the Kast spectrograph on the Shane 3m telescope at Lick Observatory, the Low Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (LRIS) on the Keck I 10m telescope, and the DEep Imaging Multi-Object Spectrograph (DEIMOS) on the Keck II 10m telescope. (2 data files).

Graviresponsiveness and the Development of Columella Tissue in Primary and Lateral Roots of Ricinus communis1

PubMed Central

Moore, Randy; Pasieniuk, John

1984-01-01

Half-tipped primary and lateral roots of Ricinus communis cv Hale bend toward the side of the root on which the intact half-tip remains. Therefore, the minimal graviresponsiveness of lateral roots is not due to the inability of their caps to produce growth effectors (presumably inhibitors). The columella tissues of primary (i.e. graviresponsive) roots are (a) 4.30 times longer, (b) 2.95 times wider, (c) 37.4 times more voluminous, and (d) composed of 17.2 times more cells than those of lateral roots. The onset of positive gravitropism by lateral roots is positively correlated with a (a) 2.99-fold increase in length, (b) 2.63-fold increase in width, and (c) 20.7-fold increase in volume of their columella tissues. We propose that the minimal graviresponsiveness of lateral roots is due to the small size of their columella tissues, which results in their caps being unable to (a) establish a concentration gradient of the effector sufficient to induce gravicurvature and (b) produce as much of the effector as caps of graviresponsive roots. Images Fig. 1 PMID:11540818

Asteroids and Comets Outreach Compilation

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1999-01-01

Contents include various different animations in the area of Asteroids and Comets. Titles of the short animated clips are: STARDUST Mission; Asteroid Castallia Impact Simulation; Castallia, Toutatis and the Earth; Simulation Asteroid Encounter with Earth; Nanorover Technology Task; Near Earth Asteroid Tracking; Champollian Anchor Tests; Early Views of Comets; Exploration of Small Bodies; Ulysses Resource Material from ESA; Ulysses Cometary Plasma Tail Animation; and various discussions on the Hale-Bopp Comet. Animation of the following are seen: the Stardust aerogel collector grid collecting cometary dust particles, comet and interstellar dust analyzer, Wiper-shield and dust flux monitor, a navigation camera, and the return of the sample to Earth; a comparison of the rotation of the Earth to the Castallia and Tautatis Asteroids; an animated land on Tautatis and the view of the motion of the sky from its surface; an Asteroid collision with the Earth; the USAF Station in Hawaii; close-up views of asteroids; automatic drilling of the Moon; exploding Cosmic Particles; and the dropping off of the plasma tail of a comet as it travels near the sun.

Spectral Indices of Faint Radio Sources

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gim, Hansung B.; Hales, Christopher A.; Momjian, Emmanuel; Yun, Min Su

2015-01-01

The significant improvement in bandwidth and the resultant sensitivity offered by the Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array (VLA) allows us to explore the faint radio source population. Through the study of the radio continuum we can explore the spectral indices of these radio sources. Robust radio spectral indices are needed for accurate k-corrections, for example in the study of the radio - far-infrared (FIR) correlation. We present an analysis of measuring spectral indices using two different approaches. In the first, we use the standard wideband imaging algorithm in the data reduction package CASA. In the second, we use a traditional approach of imaging narrower bandwidths to derive the spectral indices. For these, we simulated data to match the observing parameter space of the CHILES Con Pol survey (Hales et al. 2014). We investigate the accuracy and precision of spectral index measurements as a function of signal-to noise, and explore the requirements to reliably probe possible evolution of the radio-FIR correlation in CHILES Con Pol.

High resolution imaging at Palomar

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Kulkarni, Shrinivas R.

1992-01-01

For the last two years we have embarked on a program of understanding the ultimate limits of ground-based optical imaging. We have designed and fabricated a camera specifically for high resolution imaging. This camera has now been pressed into service at the prime focus of the Hale 5 m telescope. We have concentrated on two techniques: the Non-Redundant Masking (NRM) and Weigelt's Fully Filled Aperture (FFA) method. The former is the optical analog of radio interferometry and the latter is a higher order extension of the Labeyrie autocorrelation method. As in radio Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI), both these techniques essentially measure the closure phase and, hence, true image construction is possible. We have successfully imaged binary stars and asteroids with angular resolution approaching the diffraction limit of the telescope and image quality approaching that of a typical radio VLBI map. In addition, we have carried out analytical and simulation studies to determine the ultimate limits of ground-based optical imaging, the limits of space-based interferometric imaging, and investigated the details of imaging tradeoffs of beam combination in optical interferometers.

Microgravity nucleation and particle coagulation experiments support

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Lilleleht, L. U.; Ferguson, F. T.; Stephens, J. R.

1992-01-01

Modifications to the nucleation apparatus suggested by our first microgravity flight campaign are complete. These included a complete 'repackaging' of the equipment into three racks along with an improved vapor spout shutter mechanism and additional thermocouples for gas temperature measurements. The 'repackaged' apparatus was used in two KC-135 campaigns: one during the week of June 3, 1991 consisting of two flights with Mg and two with Zn, and another series consisting of three flights with Zn during the week of September 23, 1991. Our effort then was focused on the analysis of these data, including further development of the mathematical models to generate the values of temperature and supersaturation at the observed points of nucleation. The efforts to apply Hale's Scaled Nucleation Theory to our experimental data have met with only limited success, most likely due to still inadequate temperature field determination. Work on the development of a preliminary particle collector system designed to capture particles from the region of nucleation and condensation, as well as from other parts of the chamber, are discussed.

Neutral Na in comets tails: a chemical story

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ellinger, Y.; Pauzat, F.; Mousis, O.; Guilbert-Lepoutre, A.; Leblanc, F.; Ali-Dib, M.; Doronin, M.; Zicler, E.; Doressoundiram, A.

2015-10-01

The origin of the neutral sodium comet tail discovered in comet Hale-Bopp in 1997 is still a matter of discussion. Here we propose a scenario which is based on chemical grounds. The starting point is the chemical trapping of the Na+ ion in the refractory material during the condensation phase of the protosolar nebula, followed by its incorporation in the building blocks of the comets parent bodies. In the next step, the Na+ ions are washed out of the refractory material by the water formed by the melting of the ice due to the heat released in the radioactive decay of short period elements. When the water freezes again, the Na+ ion looses its positive charge to evolve progressively toward a neutral atom when approaching the surface of the ice. As shown by high-level numerical simulations based on first principle periodic density functional theory (DFT) to describe the solid structure of the ice, it is a neutral Na that is ejected with the sublimation of the ice top layer.

Modelling the background aerosol climatologies (1989-2010) for the Mediterranean basin

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jimenez-Guerrero, Pedro; Jerez, Sonia

2014-05-01

Aerosol levels and composition are influenced by multiple atmospheric physico-chemical processes that can affect them from its release point (as primary aerosol), or via gas-to-particle conversion processes that give rise to secondary aerosols. The contribution of the various aerosol sources, the role of long-range transport and the contribution of primary and secondary particulate matter to the ambient aerosol concentrations over Europe are not well known (Kulmala et al., 2009). Focusing on the Mediterranean, Querol et al. (2009) point out that there is a lack of studies on the variability of particulate matter (PM) along the Mediterranean basin, necessary for understanding the special features that differentiate aerosol processes between the western, eastern and central Mediterranean basins. In this perspective, modelling systems based on state-of-science chemistry transport models (CTMs) are fundamental elements to investigate the transport and chemistry of pollutants behaviour at different scales and to assess the impact of emissions in aerosol levels and composition. Therefore, this study aims to summarise the results on the levels and chemical composition of aerosols along the Mediterranean basin, highlighting the marked gradient between the western-central-eastern coasts. Special attention is paid to the analysis of the seasonality of PM composition and levels. For this purpose, the regional modelling system WRF-CHIMERE-EMEP has been implemented for conducting a full transient simulation for the ERA-Interim period (1989-2010) using year-to-year changing EMEP emissions. The domain of study covers Europe with a horizontal resolution of 25 km and a vertical resolution of 23 layers in the troposphere; however the analysis focuses on the Mediterranean area. The PM levels and composition are compared to the measured values reported by the EMEP network, showing a good agreement with observations for both western and eastern Mediterranean. The modelling results for

Experimental Investigation of the Role of Ions in Aerosol Nucleation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Pedersen, J. P.; Enghoff, M. B.; Bondo, T.; Johnson, M. S.; Paling, S.; Svensmark, H.

2008-12-01

The role of ions in producing aerosols in Earth's atmosphere is an area of very active research. Atmospheric (Clarke et al. 1998) and experimental (Berndt et al. 2005) observations have shown that the nucleation of aerosol particles can occur under conditions that cannot be explained by classical nucleation theory. Several ideas have been put forward to solve this nucleation problem, e.g. Ion-Induced Nucleation and Ternary Nucleation. Experimental investigations exploring the role of ions in particle production are scarce, and often at conditions far removed from those relevant for the lower part of the atmosphere (Bricard et al. 1968). Recent experimental work (Svensmark et al. 2007) demonstrated that ions, produced by cosmic rays in the atmosphere, are likely to play an important role in the production of new aerosol particles. The mechanism whereby energetic cosmic rays can promote the production of cloud condensation nuclei at low altitudes constitutes a link between cosmic rays and Earth's climate and there is thus a need to corroborate the results in a different experiment. The present results are obtained in the same laboratory, but using a new setup The experiments were conducted in a 50 L cylindrical reaction chamber made of electropolished stainless steel. Aerosols were grown using photochemically produced sulphuric acid and ionization levels were controlled with a Cs-137 gamma-source. An increase in nucleation was observed when the chamber was exposed to the radioactive source. The results were analyzed using a model based on the General Dynamic Equation and the analysis revealed that Ion Induced Nucleation is the most likely mechanism for the observed nucleation increases and thus confirm the previous results. Berndt, T, Böge, O., Stratmann, F., Heintzenberg, J. & Kulmala, M. (2005), Science, 307, 698--700 Bricard, J., Billard, F. & Madelaine, G. (1968), J. Geophys. Res. 73, 4487--4496 Clarke, A.D., Davis, D., Kapustin, V. N. Eisele, F. Chen, G. Paluch

Implementing a Graduate Certificate Program in Cardiovascular Epidemiology: The Jackson Heart Study

PubMed Central

Campbell Jenkins, Brenda W.; Addison, Clifton; Wilson, Gregory; Young, Lavon; Fields, Regina; Woodberry, Clevette; Payton, Marinelle

2015-01-01

The Jackson Heart Study (JHS) is committed to providing opportunities for expanding the understanding of the epidemiology, diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of cardiovascular diseases. The JHS Graduate Training and Education Center (GTEC) has initiated the Daniel Hale Williams Scholar (DHWS) program where students are afforded the opportunity to interact with epidemiologists and other biomedical scientists to learn to identify, predict, and prevent cardiovascular disease using the Jackson Heart Study data. This study describes the structured programs developed by JHS GTEC seeking to alleviate the shortage of trained professionals in cardiovascular epidemiology by training graduate students while they complete their academic degrees. The DHWS program provides: (1) an enrichment curriculum; (2) a learning community; (3) quarterly seminars; and (4) a Summer Institute. Students attend enrichment activities comprising: (1) Applied Biostatistics; (2) Cardiovascular Disease Epidemiology; (3) Social Epidemiology; (4) Emerging Topics; and (5) Research Writing. Training focuses on developing proficiency in cardiovascular health knowledge. The DHWS program is a unique strategy for incorporating rigorous academic and career-focused training to graduate students and has enabled the acquisition of competencies needed to impact cardiovascular disease management programs. PMID:26703701

Strong expectations cancel locality effects: evidence from Hindi.

PubMed

Husain, Samar; Vasishth, Shravan; Srinivasan, Narayanan

2014-01-01

Expectation-driven facilitation (Hale, 2001; Levy, 2008) and locality-driven retrieval difficulty (Gibson, 1998, 2000; Lewis & Vasishth, 2005) are widely recognized to be two critical factors in incremental sentence processing; there is accumulating evidence that both can influence processing difficulty. However, it is unclear whether and how expectations and memory interact. We first confirm a key prediction of the expectation account: a Hindi self-paced reading study shows that when an expectation for an upcoming part of speech is dashed, building a rarer structure consumes more processing time than building a less rare structure. This is a strong validation of the expectation-based account. In a second study, we show that when expectation is strong, i.e., when a particular verb is predicted, strong facilitation effects are seen when the appearance of the verb is delayed; however, when expectation is weak, i.e., when only the part of speech "verb" is predicted but a particular verb is not predicted, the facilitation disappears and a tendency towards a locality effect is seen. The interaction seen between expectation strength and distance shows that strong expectations cancel locality effects, and that weak expectations allow locality effects to emerge.

Strong Expectations Cancel Locality Effects: Evidence from Hindi

PubMed Central

Husain, Samar; Vasishth, Shravan; Srinivasan, Narayanan

2014-01-01

Expectation-driven facilitation (Hale, 2001; Levy, 2008) and locality-driven retrieval difficulty (Gibson, 1998, 2000; Lewis & Vasishth, 2005) are widely recognized to be two critical factors in incremental sentence processing; there is accumulating evidence that both can influence processing difficulty. However, it is unclear whether and how expectations and memory interact. We first confirm a key prediction of the expectation account: a Hindi self-paced reading study shows that when an expectation for an upcoming part of speech is dashed, building a rarer structure consumes more processing time than building a less rare structure. This is a strong validation of the expectation-based account. In a second study, we show that when expectation is strong, i.e., when a particular verb is predicted, strong facilitation effects are seen when the appearance of the verb is delayed; however, when expectation is weak, i.e., when only the part of speech “verb” is predicted but a particular verb is not predicted, the facilitation disappears and a tendency towards a locality effect is seen. The interaction seen between expectation strength and distance shows that strong expectations cancel locality effects, and that weak expectations allow locality effects to emerge. PMID:25010700

Velocity dispersions in galaxies: 1: The SO galaxy NGC 7332

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Morton, D. C.; Chevalier, R. A.

1971-01-01

A Coude spectrum of the SO galaxy NGC 7332 with 0.9 A resolution from 4186 to 4364 A was obtained with the SEC vidicon television camera and the Hale telescope. Comparisons with spectra of G and K giant stars, numerically broadened for various Maxwellian velocity distributions, give a dispersion velocity in the line of sight of 160 + or - 20 km/sec with the best fit at G8III. The dispersion appears to be constant within + or - 35 km/sec out to 1.4 kpc (H = 100 km/sec/mpc). After correction for projection, the rotation curve has a slope of 0.16 km/sec/pc at the center and a velocity of 130 km/sec at 1.4 kpc where it is still increasing. For an estimated effective radius of 3.5 kpc enclosing half the light, the virial theorem gives a mass of 1.4 x 10 to the 11th power solar masses if the mass-to-light ratio is constant throughout the galaxy. The photographic luminosity is 8.3 x 10 to the 9th power solar luminosities so that the M/L ratio is 17.

The Compound and Homologous Eruptions from the SAR 11429

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Dhakal, Suman Kumar; Zhang, Jie

2016-05-01

Super Active Regions (SARs) are ARs which shows extremely high rate of solar eruptions. NOAA AR 11429 was a SAR which produced 47 C-Class, 15 M-Class and 3 X-Class flares and 8 CMEs during its passage from the front disk of the Sun. This SAR had anti-Hale and delta-spot magnetic configuration and many sub-regions of magnetic flux emergence. With the aid of multi-wavelength observations of the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO), the Solar Terrestrial Relations Observatory (STEREO) and nonlinear force-free model for the magnetic field in the solar corona, we found the existence of many magnetic flux structures (flux bundles) in the corona of the AR. The energy released by these co-existing flux bundles within short time, resulted in compound erutpions from the AR on March 9 and 10, 2012. In the period of 38 hours, after the CME eruption on March 9, the continuous shearing and cancellation and new magnetic flux emergence resulted in another CME on March 10. Both of the events showed the compound nature and the similarity of the foot-points and EUV dimming made these eruptions homologous.

Laboratory Measurements of Solar-Wind/Comet X-Ray Emission and Charge Exchange Cross Sections

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Chutjian, A.; Cadez, I.; Greenwood, J. B.; Mawhorter, R. J.; Smith, S. J.; Lozano, J.

2002-01-01

The detection of X-rays from comets such as Hyakutake, Hale-Bopp, d Arrest, and Linear as they approach the Sun has been unexpected and exciting. This phenomenon, moreover, should be quite general, occurring wherever a fast solar or stellar wind interacts with neutrals in a comet, a planetary atmosphere, or a circumstellar cloud. The process is, O(+8) + H2O --> O(+7*) + H2O(+), where the excited O(+7*) ions are the source of the X-ray emissions. Detailed modeling has been carried out of X-ray emissions in charge-transfer collisions of heavy solar-wind Highly Charged Ions (HCIs) and interstellar/interplanetary neutral clouds. In the interplanetary medium the solar wind ions, including protons, can charge exchange with interstellar H and He. This can give rise to a soft X-ray background that could be correlated with the long-term enhancements seen in the low-energy X-ray spectrum of ROSAT. Approximately 40% of the soft X-ray background detected by Exosat, ROSAT, Chandra, etc. is due to Charge Exchange (CXE): our whole heliosphere is glowing in the soft X-ray due to CXE.

Mother's marital satisfaction associated with the quality of mother-father-child triadic interaction.

PubMed

Korja, Riikka; Piha, Jorma; Otava, Riia; Lavanchy-Scaiola, Chloe; Ahlqvist-Björkroth, Sari; Aromaa, Minna; Räihä, Hannele

2016-08-01

Low marital satisfaction has been shown to be a risk factor for early parenthood and parent-child relationship problems (Erel & Burman, ; McHale, ). The aim of this study was to assess how parental reports of marital satisfaction related to family alliance and coordination in the observed triadic interaction. The study group included 120 families. Marital satisfaction was evaluated during pregnancy, at 4 months, and at 18 months using the Revised Dyadic Adjustment Scale (RDAS; Busby, Christensen, Crane & Larsson, ) for both parents. Mother-father-child interaction was analyzed in the Lausanne Triadic Play setting and coded using the Family Alliance Assessment Scale (Favez, Lavanchy Scaiola, Tissot, Darwiche & Frascarolo, ) when the child reached 18 months of age. The mother's higher marital satisfaction at every measuring point was associated with a cooperative family alliance and/or higher family coordination at 18 months. The father's experience of marital satisfaction was not related to family interaction at any assessment point. Our study suggests that a mother's experience of lower marital satisfaction during pregnancy may be an early sign of later problems in family relationships. © 2016 Scandinavian Psychological Associations and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Essential features of long-term changes of areas and diameters of sunspot groups in solar activity cycles 12-24

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Efimenko, V. M.; Lozitsky, V. G.

2018-06-01

We analyze the Greenwich catalog data on areas of sunspot groups of last thirteen solar cycles. Various parameters of sunspots are considered, namely: average monthly smoothed areas, maximum area for each year and equivalent diameters of groups of sunspots. The first parameter shows an exceptional power of the 19th cycle of solar activity, which appears here more contrastively than in the numbers of spots (that is, in Wolf's numbers). It was found that in the maximum areas of sunspot groups for a year there is a unique phenomenon: a short and high jump in the 18th cycle (in 1946-1947) that has no analogues in other cycles. We also studied the integral distributions for equivalent diameters and found the following: (a) the average value of the index of power-law approximation is 5.4 for the last 13 cycles and (b) there is reliable evidence of Hale's double cycle (about 44 years). Since this indicator reflects the dispersion of sunspot group diameters, the results obtained show that the convective zone of the Sun generates embryos of active regions in different statistical regimes which change with a cycle of about 44 years.

KSC-2014-3784

NASA Image and Video Library

2014-09-10

CAPE CANAVERAL, Fla. – During a ceremony inside the Neil Armstrong Operations and Checkout Building high bay at NASA's Kennedy Space Center in Florida, Jules Schneider, Lockheed Martin Orion Production Operations manager, holds the key to symbolically turn over the Orion spacecraft for Exploration Flight Test-1 to Ground Operations. Waiting to accept the key is Blake Hale, Lockheed Martin Ground Operations manager. Orion is the exploration spacecraft designed to carry astronauts to destinations not yet explored by humans, including an asteroid and Mars. It will have emergency abort capability, sustain the crew during space travel and provide safe re-entry from deep space return velocities. The first unpiloted test flight of the Orion is scheduled to launch atop a United Launch Alliance Delta IV Heavy rocket from Cape Canaveral Air Force Station in Florida in December to an altitude of 3,600 miles above the Earth's surface. The two-orbit, four-hour flight test will help engineers evaluate the systems critical to crew safety including the heat shield, parachute system and launch abort system. For more information, visit http://www.nasa.gov/orion. Photo credit: NASA/Daniel Casper

KSC-2014-3785

NASA Image and Video Library

2014-09-10

CAPE CANAVERAL, Fla. – During a ceremony inside the Neil Armstrong Operations and Checkout Building high bay at NASA's Kennedy Space Center in Florida, Jules Schneider, at right, Lockheed Martin Orion Production Operations manager, presents the key to symbolically turn over the Orion spacecraft for Exploration Flight Test-1 to Ground Operations. Accepting the key is Blake Hale, Lockheed Martin Ground Operations manager. Orion is the exploration spacecraft designed to carry astronauts to destinations not yet explored by humans, including an asteroid and Mars. It will have emergency abort capability, sustain the crew during space travel and provide safe re-entry from deep space return velocities. The first unpiloted test flight of the Orion is scheduled to launch atop a United Launch Alliance Delta IV Heavy rocket from Cape Canaveral Air Force Station in Florida in December to an altitude of 3,600 miles above the Earth's surface. The two-orbit, four-hour flight test will help engineers evaluate the systems critical to crew safety including the heat shield, parachute system and launch abort system. For more information, visit http://www.nasa.gov/orion. Photo credit: NASA/Daniel Casper

KSC-2014-3783

NASA Image and Video Library

2014-09-10

CAPE CANAVERAL, Fla. – Inside the Neil Armstrong Operations and Checkout Building high bay at NASA's Kennedy Space Center in Florida, Jules Schneider, at right, Lockheed Martin Orion Production Operations manager, speaks to NASA and Lockheed Martin workers during a ceremony to turn over the Orion spacecraft for Exploration Flight Test-1 to Ground Operations. At left is Blake Hale, Lockheed Martin Ground Operations manager. Orion is the exploration spacecraft designed to carry astronauts to destinations not yet explored by humans, including an asteroid and Mars. It will have emergency abort capability, sustain the crew during space travel and provide safe re-entry from deep space return velocities. The first unpiloted test flight of the Orion is scheduled to launch atop a United Launch Alliance Delta IV Heavy rocket from Cape Canaveral Air Force Station in Florida in December to an altitude of 3,600 miles above the Earth's surface. The two-orbit, four-hour flight test will help engineers evaluate the systems critical to crew safety including the heat shield, parachute system and launch abort system. For more information, visit http://www.nasa.gov/orion. Photo credit: NASA/Daniel Casper

KSC-2014-3786

NASA Image and Video Library

2014-09-10

CAPE CANAVERAL, Fla. – Inside the Neil Armstrong Operations and Checkout Building high bay at NASA's Kennedy Space Center in Florida, Jules Schneider, at right, Lockheed Martin Orion Production Operations manager, shakes hands with Blake Hale, Lockheed Martin Ground Operations manager, during a ceremony to officially turn over the Orion spacecraft for Exploration Flight Test-1 to Lockheed Martin Ground Operations. Orion is the exploration spacecraft designed to carry astronauts to destinations not yet explored by humans, including an asteroid and Mars. It will have emergency abort capability, sustain the crew during space travel and provide safe re-entry from deep space return velocities. The first unpiloted test flight of the Orion is scheduled to launch atop a United Launch Alliance Delta IV Heavy rocket from Cape Canaveral Air Force Station in Florida in December to an altitude of 3,600 miles above the Earth's surface. The two-orbit, four-hour flight test will help engineers evaluate the systems critical to crew safety including the heat shield, parachute system and launch abort system. For more information, visit http://www.nasa.gov/orion. Photo credit: NASA/Daniel Casper

Contagem de fontes de radio na direção de aglomerados ricos de galaxias

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Andreazza, C. M.; Andernach, H.

A contagem de fontes de rádio, na direção de aglomerados ricos de galáxias, deve fornecer uma distribuçãto acima da média do campo devido aos efeitos do meio. No entanto, a distribução de radiofontes de alguns aglomerados, investigada por vários autores no passado, mostrou, em alguns casos, uma deficência de fontes fracas. Neste trabalho, analisamos os levantamentos em 2.7 GHz (Reuter e Andernach 1990, 1990A&AS...82..279R; Loiseau et al. 1988, 1988A&AS...75...67L) e o catálogo 6CII em 151 MHz (Hales et al. 1988, 1988MNRAS.234..919H). Nosso estudio da distribução de radiofontes, na direção de aglomerados ricos de galáxias, nestas duas frequências, mostra um excesso de fontes fortes somente nas regiões centrais dos aglomerados. Este resultado pode ser explicado devido à evidência de confinamento das radiofontes pelo gás, do meio intra-aglomerado, e devido aos processos de colisão, coalescência e canibalismo de galáxias.