Sample records for haljas eerik reiter

  1. Reiter's Syndrome.

    PubMed

    Savant, S S; Fernandez, J C; Dhurandhar, M W; Fernandez, R J

    1979-01-01

    A case of Reiter's syndrome occurring in a young mate aged 20 years having extensive skin lesions of keratoderina blenoffhagica is presented along with a review of literature. Although urethritis was absent, other clinical and histopathological features of the cutaneous lesions led us to the diagnosis. The-possible relationship of postural psoriasis to Reiter's syndrome is discussed. Failure of the patient to respond satisfactorily to steroids, antibiotics etc, prompted the use of rnethotrexate in the case. The result was dramatic, as the patient completely recovered within ten days of starting treatment.

  2. [Reiter disease or reactive arthritis?].

    PubMed

    Eppinger, S; Schmitt, J; Meurer, M

    2006-04-01

    There is an ongoing international discussion on whether the condition reactive arthritis should be named after a former Nazi functionary. The German dermatological community should participate in this debate. In 1916, Hans Reiter described a disease with the symptoms urethritis, conjunctivitis, and arthritis, which was later named after him. After becoming titular professor in May 1918, Reiter was appointed director of the regional public health department Mecklenburg-Schwerin in 1926. At the same time he taught social hygiene at the University of Rostock, where he was appointed full professor in 1928. In 1931, Hans Reiter became a member of the National Socialist German Workers Party (NSDAP). In July 1932 he was elected representative of the NSDAP to the seventh assembly of Mecklenburg-Schwerin. After becoming its acting director in July 1933, Reiter was appointed president of the Reich public health department in Berlin on October 1, 1933. Both his excellent professional qualifications, as well as his National Socialist attitudes, were considered key criteria for taking over this important position. As the president of the Reich public health department, Reiter was said to have known about the conduct of experiments with typhus-fever at the concentration camp Buchenwald in which 250 humans died. From the end of the Second World War until 1947, Reiter was imprisoned in the Nuremberg Prison for War Criminals, but never convicted of a crime.

  3. Reiter in Zvezda

    NASA Image and Video Library

    2006-10-01

    ISS014-E-05962 (October 2006) --- European Space Agency (ESA) astronaut Thomas Reiter, Expedition 14 flight engineer, wears a communication system headset while using a computer in the Zvezda Service Module of the International Space Station.

  4. Reiter performs TVIS maintenance

    NASA Image and Video Library

    2006-12-14

    ISS014-E-09897 (14 Dec. 2006) -- European Space Agency (ESA) astronaut Thomas Reiter, STS-116 mission specialist, works with the Treadmill Vibration Isolation System (TVIS) in the Zvezda Service Module of the International Space Station during in-flight maintenance (IFM) while Space Shuttle Discovery was docked with the station.

  5. Reiter cuts Tyurins hair in the Zvezda Service module

    NASA Image and Video Library

    2006-11-05

    ISS014-E-07174 (5 Nov. 2006) --- European Space Agency (ESA) astronaut Thomas Reiter, Expedition 14 flight engineer, cuts the hair of cosmonaut Mikhail Tyurin, flight engineer representing Russia's Federal Space Agency, in the Unity node of the International Space Station. Reiter used hair clippers fashioned with a vacuum device to prevent freshly cut hair from being scattered throughout the module.

  6. Reiter working in SM during Expedition 13

    NASA Image and Video Library

    2006-08-19

    ISS013-E-67495 (19 Aug. 2006) --- European Space Agency (ESA) astronaut Thomas Reiter, Expedition 13 flight engineer, wears a communication system while using a computer in the Zvezda Service Module of the International Space Station.

  7. Reiter's syndrome among Asian shipboard immigrants: the case of The Golden Venture.

    PubMed

    Solitar, B M; Lozada, C J; Tseng, C E; Lowe, A M; Krajewski, W M; Blanchard, K; Pillinger, M; Weissmann, G; Weissman, G

    1998-04-01

    To assess the incidence of Reiter's syndrome aboard The Golden Venture, a ship carrying illegal immigrants from China to the United States. After identification of an index case, we conducted telephone interviews with medical staff at immigrant detention centers in Pennsylvania, New York, and Virginia. When a potential case was identified at one facility, we performed a site inspection, reviewing the medical records of all detainees and performing histories and physicals on all those with joint and/or ocular complaints. We identified two patients, both HLA B27 positive, with Reiter's syndrome. The observed incidence (0.87%) approximated the predicted incidence but may have underestimated the actual incidence. We review the history of shipboard Reiter's syndrome, and discuss the pathogenic roles of HLA B27 and particular infectious agents. Continued transportation of illegal immigrants from China and other parts of the world is likely to result in occasional clusters of Reiter's syndrome. Physicians treating immigrant populations should remain aware of the possibility of reactive arthritis.

  8. Bone imaging of the heel in Reiter's syndrome. [/sup 99m/Tc-pyrophosphate

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Khalkhali, I.; Stadalnik, R.C.; Wiesner, K.B.

    1979-01-01

    Classic Reiter's syndrome, which affects young adult males, is characterized by arthritis, conjunctivitis, and nongonococcal urethritis. Other features of probably equal significance include circinate balanitis, shallow ulcerations of the buccal mucosa, and a dermatitis. Reiter's arthritis is usually asymmetrical and tends to involve lower extremity joints. Talalgia, or heel pain, is an often underrated characteristic feature of the arthritis. With an incidence of 50% talalgia can be localized to either the posterior aspect of the heel or to the plantar surface of the heel. Radiographic alterations in these regions are common in patients with recurrent or chronic disease, but aremore » infrequent or minimal in patients with acute Reiter's syndrome. Recent observation of a young male with Reiter's syndrome suggests that bone imaging may help substantiate this clinical feature before radiography reveals calcaneal spurs.« less

  9. Tyurin and Reiter in the Zvezda Module

    NASA Image and Video Library

    2006-11-03

    ISS014-E-07142 (3 Nov. 2006) --- Cosmonaut Mikhail Tyurin (foreground) representing Russia's Federal Space Agency, and European Space Agency (ESA) astronaut Thomas Reiter, both Expedition 14 flight engineers, install and connect onboard equipment control system cables in the Zvezda Service Module of the International Space Station.

  10. Reiter during EVA 5 on Expedition 13

    NASA Image and Video Library

    2006-08-03

    ISS013-E-63453 (3 August 2006) --- Astronaut Thomas Reiter, who represents the European Space Agency on the Expedition 13 crew, handles the infrared camera used to photograph a set of reinforced carbon carbon (RCC) samples for possible detection of damage caused by variations in temperature between sound and damaged RCC test sections.

  11. Reiter during maintenance tasks in the FGB

    NASA Image and Video Library

    2006-08-10

    ISS013-E-65721 (10 Aug. 2006) --- European Space Agency (ESA) astronaut Thomas Reiter, Expedition 13 flight engineer, replaces the number two replaceable pump panel (SPN) in the number one loop (VGK1) of the International Space Station's Zarya functional cargo block (FGB) thermal control system with a new spare from stowage.

  12. Reiter's syndrome and hearing loss: a possible association?

    PubMed

    Monsanto, Rafael C; Neto, Arlindo C L; Lorenzetti, Fábio T M

    2014-12-01

    Patient complained of hearing loss and tinnitus after the onset of Reiter's syndrome. Audiometry confirmed the hearing loss on the left ear; blood work showed increased erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C3 fraction of the complement. Genotyping for HLA-B27 was positive. Treatment with prednisolone did not improve the hearing levels.

  13. Reiterative Recombination for the in vivo assembly of libraries of multigene pathways.

    PubMed

    Wingler, Laura M; Cornish, Virginia W

    2011-09-13

    The increasing sophistication of synthetic biology is creating a demand for robust, broadly accessible methodology for constructing multigene pathways inside of the cell. Due to the difficulty of rationally designing pathways that function as desired in vivo, there is a further need to assemble libraries of pathways in parallel, in order to facilitate the combinatorial optimization of performance. While some in vitro DNA assembly methods can theoretically make libraries of pathways, these techniques are resource intensive and inherently require additional techniques to move the DNA back into cells. All previously reported in vivo assembly techniques have been low yielding, generating only tens to hundreds of constructs at a time. Here, we develop "Reiterative Recombination," a robust method for building multigene pathways directly in the yeast chromosome. Due to its use of endonuclease-induced homologous recombination in conjunction with recyclable markers, Reiterative Recombination provides a highly efficient, technically simple strategy for sequentially assembling an indefinite number of DNA constructs at a defined locus. In this work, we describe the design and construction of the first Reiterative Recombination system in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and we show that it can be used to assemble multigene constructs. We further demonstrate that Reiterative Recombination can construct large mock libraries of at least 10(4) biosynthetic pathways. We anticipate that our system's simplicity and high efficiency will make it a broadly accessible technology for pathway construction and render it a valuable tool for optimizing pathways in vivo.

  14. Reiterative Recombination for the in vivo assembly of libraries of multigene pathways

    PubMed Central

    Wingler, Laura M.; Cornish, Virginia W.

    2011-01-01

    The increasing sophistication of synthetic biology is creating a demand for robust, broadly accessible methodology for constructing multigene pathways inside of the cell. Due to the difficulty of rationally designing pathways that function as desired in vivo, there is a further need to assemble libraries of pathways in parallel, in order to facilitate the combinatorial optimization of performance. While some in vitro DNA assembly methods can theoretically make libraries of pathways, these techniques are resource intensive and inherently require additional techniques to move the DNA back into cells. All previously reported in vivo assembly techniques have been low yielding, generating only tens to hundreds of constructs at a time. Here, we develop “Reiterative Recombination,” a robust method for building multigene pathways directly in the yeast chromosome. Due to its use of endonuclease-induced homologous recombination in conjunction with recyclable markers, Reiterative Recombination provides a highly efficient, technically simple strategy for sequentially assembling an indefinite number of DNA constructs at a defined locus. In this work, we describe the design and construction of the first Reiterative Recombination system in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and we show that it can be used to assemble multigene constructs. We further demonstrate that Reiterative Recombination can construct large mock libraries of at least 104 biosynthetic pathways. We anticipate that our system’s simplicity and high efficiency will make it a broadly accessible technology for pathway construction and render it a valuable tool for optimizing pathways in vivo. PMID:21876185

  15. Reiter's syndrome and hearing loss: a possible association?

    PubMed Central

    Monsanto, Rafael C; Neto, Arlindo C L; Lorenzetti, Fábio T M

    2014-01-01

    Key Clinical Message Patient complained of hearing loss and tinnitus after the onset of Reiter's syndrome. Audiometry confirmed the hearing loss on the left ear; blood work showed increased erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C3 fraction of the complement. Genotyping for HLA-B27 was positive. Treatment with prednisolone did not improve the hearing levels. PMID:25548635

  16. Lexical Reiteration in EFL Young Learners' Essays: Does It Relate to the Type of Instruction?

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Llach, Mª Pilar Agustin; Catalan, Rosa M.

    2007-01-01

    The purpose of this study is to ascertain whether the type of instruction (English as vehicular language and English as a subject) is related to the use of reiteration ties. In the first place, we identified, classified, and counted the number and kind of reiteration ties used by two groups of EFL learners. Secondly, we examined whether…

  17. The physician Hans Reiter as prisoner of war in Nuremberg: a contextual review of his interrogations (1945-1947).

    PubMed

    Wallace, Daniel J; Weisman, Michael H

    2003-02-01

    Crimes against humanity by Nazi Germany led to the codification of procedures for trying medical professionals. The principles detailed in the Nuremberg Code formulated by the Allies represented their effort to prevent future excesses and embody today's Institutional Review Boards. Reactive arthritis is often termed Reiter's syndrome, after Hans Reiter, who was incarcerated at Nuremberg. The authors reviewed Dr Hans Reiter's Nuremberg file at the National Archives in Washington, DC, and present chronologic excerpts of his interrogations between 1945 and 1947, with interpretative commentary. Reiter was involved with or knowledgeable of involuntary sterilization and euthanasia undertaken by the Nazi regime. He also played an active role in the design of a study that inoculated concentration camp internees at Buchenwald with an experimental typhus vaccine, which resulted in hundreds of deaths. A brilliant investigator and erudite intellectual, the career of Hans Reiter shows the importance and the relevance of scientific inquiry to adhere to principles enumerated in the Nuremberg Code. Because he was not the first to describe reactive arthritis, and in view of the above, Reiter's syndrome should only be used to cite an older reference that uses the term or in a historical context. Copyright 2003, Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved.

  18. Reiter conducts EVA tool config in Node 1 / Unity module

    NASA Image and Video Library

    2006-11-16

    ISS014-E-08055 (16 Nov. 2006) --- European Space Agency (ESA) astronaut Thomas Reiter, Expedition 14 flight engineer, takes inventory of hardware during an Information Management System (IMS) update in the Unity node of the International Space Station.

  19. Reiter works on LHA in the U.S. Laboratory during Expedition 13

    NASA Image and Video Library

    2006-09-10

    ISS013-E-80086 (10 Sept. 2006) --- European Space Agency (ESA) astronaut Thomas Reiter, Expedition 13 flight engineer, performs in-flight maintenance (IFM) on the lamp housing assembly (LHA) on LAB1P3 rack in the Destiny laboratory of the International Space Station.

  20. Reiteration Relations in EFL Student Writing: The Case of Moroccan University Students

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Hellalet, Nadia

    2013-01-01

    This study looks into the use of reiteration relations in EFL student writing. The aim is to determine the extent to which Moroccan college students rely on lexical cohesion to produce native-sounding texts. Twenty essays written by college students from two different levels were analyzed quantitatively using Halliday and Hasan's (1976) and Hoey's…

  1. Enhanced plastochromanol-8 accumulation during reiterated drought in maize (Zea mays L.).

    PubMed

    Fleta-Soriano, Eva; Munné-Bosch, Sergi

    2017-03-01

    Plastochromanol-8 (PC-8) belongs to the group of tocochromanols, and together with tocopherols and carotenoids, might help protect photosystem II from photoinhibition during environmental stresses. Here, we aimed to unravel the time course evolution of PC-8 together with that of vitamin E compounds, in maize (Zea mays L.) plants exposed to reiterated drought. Measurements were performed in plants grown in a greenhouse subjected to two consecutive cycles of drought-recovery. PC-8 contents, which accounted for more than 25% of tocochromanols in maize leaves, increased progressively in response to reiterated drought stress. PC-8 contents paralleled with those of vitamin E, particularly α-tocopherol. Profiling of the stress-related phytohormones (ABA, jasmonic acid and salicylic acid) was consistent with a role of ABA in the regulation of PC-8 and vitamin E biosynthesis during drought stress. Results also suggest that PC-8 may help tocopherols prevent damage to the photosynthetic apparatus. A better knowledge of the ABA-dependent regulation of PC-8 may help us manipulate the contents of this important antioxidant in crops. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.

  2. Application of reiteration of Hankel singular value decomposition in quality control

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Staniszewski, Michał; Skorupa, Agnieszka; Boguszewicz, Łukasz; Michalczuk, Agnieszka; Wereszczyński, Kamil; Wicher, Magdalena; Konopka, Marek; Sokół, Maria; Polański, Andrzej

    2017-07-01

    Medical centres are obliged to store past medical records, including the results of quality assurance (QA) tests of the medical equipment, which is especially useful in checking reproducibility of medical devices and procedures. Analysis of multivariate time series is an important part of quality control of NMR data. In this work we proposean anomaly detection tool based on Reiteration of Hankel Singular Value Decomposition method. The presented method was compared with external software and authors obtained comparable results.

  3. Colored-noise-induced discontinuous transitions in symbiotic ecosystems

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Mankin, Romi; Sauga, Ako; Ainsaar, Ain; Haljas, Astrid; Paunel, Kristiina

    2004-06-01

    A symbiotic ecosystem is studied by means of the Lotka-Volterra stochastic model, using the generalized Verhulst self-regulation. The effect of fluctuating environment on the carrying capacity of a population is taken into account as dichotomous noise. The study is a follow-up of our investigation of symbiotic ecosystems subjected to three-level (trichotomous) noise [

    R. Mankin, A. Ainsaar, A. Haljas, and E. Reiter, Phys. Rev. E 65, 051108 (2002)
    ]. Relying on the mean-field theory, an exact self-consistency equation for stationary states is derived. In some cases the mean field exhibits hysteresis as a function of noise parameters. It is established that random interactions with the environment can cause discontinuous transitions. The dependence of the critical coupling strengths on the noise parameters is found and illustrated by phase diagrams. Predictions from the mean-field theory are compared with the results of numerical simulations. Our results provide a possible scenario for catastrophic shifts of population sizes observed in nature.

  4. Reiter works with Heart Rate and Blood Pressure measuring devices in the SM during Expedition 13

    NASA Image and Video Library

    2006-07-01

    ISS013-E-54170 (July 2006) --- European Space Agency (ESA) astronaut Thomas Reiter, Expedition 13 flight engineer, looks over a procedures checklist in the Zvezda Service Module of the International Space Station.

  5. Reiter works with SWAB ASD Filter Kit in the U.S. Laboratory during Expedition 13

    NASA Image and Video Library

    2006-09-10

    ISS013-E-80066 (10 Sept. 2006) --- European Space Agency (ESA) astronaut Thomas Reiter, Expedition 13 flight engineer, works with the surface, water and air biocharacterization (SWAB) air sampling device (ASD) filter kit in the Destiny laboratory of the International Space Station.

  6. Reiter conducts a fit check of the Kazbek couches in the Soyuz TMA-8/12S

    NASA Image and Video Library

    2006-07-26

    ISS013-E-60768 (26 July 2006) --- Attired in a Russian Sokol launch and entry suit, European Space Agency (ESA) astronaut Thomas Reiter, Expedition 13 flight engineer, participates in a Kazbek couch fit check in the TMA-8 Soyuz spacecraft docked to the International Space Station.

  7. [Fiessinger-Leroy-Reiter syndrome with non-obstructive cardiomyopathy treated with methotrexate].

    PubMed

    Blétry, O; De Prost, Y; Scheuble, C; Frank, R; Godeau, P

    1979-07-01

    The case of a 50 year old male with the Fiessinger-Leroy-Reiter syndrome, ankylosing spondylitis and generalised pustular psoriasis is reported. This condition wax complicated by non-obstructive cardiomyopathy, congestive cardiac failure and first-degree atrioventricular block, the site of which was localised by electrophysiological studies (nodal block with an infrahisian conduction defect). After failure of several therapeutic regimes, a spectacular improvement was obtained with Methotrexate associated with a diuretic; the signs of heart failure regressed and the cardiomyopathy stablised. A parallel improvement was seen in the skin, cardiac and articular lesions and has been maintained with an 18 months follow-up. Left ventricular performance was studied by echocardiography. The mechanism of the beneficial effect of Methotrexate is unclear; this therapeutic trial is to be extended to include other cases of primary cardiomyopathy without obstruction.

  8. Effect of Naturally Occurring nif Reiterations on Symbiotic Effectiveness in Rhizobium phaseoli

    PubMed Central

    Romero, David; Singleton, Paul W.; Segovia, Lorenzo; Morett, Enrique; Bohlool, B. Ben; Palacios, Rafael; Dávila, Guillermo

    1988-01-01

    Most naturally occurring strains of Rhizobium phaseoli possess reiteration of the nif genes. Three regions contain nitrogenase structural genes in strain CFN42. Two of these regions (a and b) have copies of nifH, nifD, and nifK, whereas the third region (c) contains only nifH. Strains containing mutations in either nif region a or nif region b had significantly diminished symbiotic effectiveness compared with the wild-type strain on the basis of nodule mass, total nitrogenase activity per plant, nitrogenase specific activity, total nitrogen in the shoot, and percentage of nitrogen. A strain containing mutations in both nif region a and nif region b was totally ineffective. These data indicate that both nif region a and nif region b are needed for full symbiotic effectiveness in R. phaseoli. PMID:16347593

  9. Partial shoot reiteration in Wollemia nobilis (Araucariaceae) does not arise from ‘axillary meristems’

    PubMed Central

    Tomlinson, P. B.; Huggett, Brett A.

    2011-01-01

    Background and Aims Conifers are characterized by the paucity of axillary buds which in dicotyledonous trees usually occur at every node. To compensate, conifers also produce ‘axillary meristems’, which may be stimulated to late development. In juvenile material of Wollemia nobilis (Araucariaceae: Massart's model) first-order (plagiotropic) branches lack both axillary buds and, seemingly, axillary meristems. This contrasts with orthotropic (trunk) axes, which produce branches, either within the terminal bud or as reiterated orthotropic axes originating from axillary meristems. However, plagiotropic axes do produce branches if they are decapitated. This study investigated how this can occur if axillary meristems are not the source. Methods The terminal buds of a series of plagiotropic branches on juvenile trees were decapitated in order to generate axillary shoots. Shoots were culled at about weekly intervals to obtain stages in lateral shoot development. Serial sections were cut with a sliding microtome from the distal end of each sample and scanned sequentially for evidence of axillary meristems and early bud development. Key Results Anatomical search produced no clear evidence of pre-existing axillary meristems but did reveal stages of bud initiation. Buds were initiated in a group of small starch-rich cortical cells. Further development involved de-differentiation of these small cells and the development of contrasting outer and inner regions. The outer part becomes meristematic and organizes the apex of the new branch. The inner part develops a callus-like tissue of vacuolated cells within which vascular cambia are developed. This kind of insertion of a branch on the parent axis seems not to have been described before. Conclusions Axillary meristems in Wollemia characterize the leaf axils of trunk axes so that the origin of reiterated shoots is clear. Plagiotropic axes seemingly lack axillary meristems but still produce axillary branches by distinctive

  10. Purification and Characterization of Axial Filaments from Treponema phagedenis Biotype reiterii (the Reiter Treponeme)

    PubMed Central

    Bharier, Michael; Allis, David

    1974-01-01

    Axial filaments have been purified from Treponema phagedenis biotype reiterii (the Reiter treponeme) and partially characterized chemically. The preparations consist largely of protein but also contain small amounts of hexose (3%). Filaments dissociate to subunits in acid, alkali, urea, guanidine, and various detergents. Amino acid analyses show an overall resemblance to other spirochetal axial filaments and to bacterial flagella. Dissociated filaments migrate as a single band upon acrylamide gel electrophoresis at pH 4.3 (in 4 M urea and 10 3 M ethylenediaminetetraacetate) and at pH 12, but in sodium dodecyl sulfate gels, three bands are obtained under a wide variety of conditions. Two of these bands migrate very close together, with molecular weights of 33,000 ± 500. The other band has a molecular weight of 36,500 ± 500. Analysis of axial filaments by the dansyl chloride method yields both methionine and glutamic acid as amino terminal end groups. Sedimentation equilibrium measurements on dissociated axial filaments in 7 M guanidine hydrochloride yield plots of log C against ϰ2 which vary with the speed and initial protein concentration used. Molecular weight values calculated from these plots are consistent with a model in which axial filament subunits are heterogeneous with respect to molecular weight in the approximate range of 32,000 to 36,000. Images PMID:4436261

  11. The Midline Protein Regulates Axon Guidance by Blocking the Reiteration of Neuroblast Rows within the Drosophila Ventral Nerve Cord

    PubMed Central

    Manavalan, Mary Ann; Gaziova, Ivana; Bhat, Krishna Moorthi

    2013-01-01

    Guiding axon growth cones towards their targets is a fundamental process that occurs in a developing nervous system. Several major signaling systems are involved in axon-guidance, and disruption of these systems causes axon-guidance defects. However, the specific role of the environment in which axons navigate in regulating axon-guidance has not been examined in detail. In Drosophila, the ventral nerve cord is divided into segments, and half-segments and the precursor neuroblasts are formed in rows and columns in individual half-segments. The row-wise expression of segment-polarity genes within the neuroectoderm provides the initial row-wise identity to neuroblasts. Here, we show that in embryos mutant for the gene midline, which encodes a T-box DNA binding protein, row-2 neuroblasts and their neuroectoderm adopt a row-5 identity. This reiteration of row-5 ultimately creates a non-permissive zone or a barrier, which prevents the extension of interneuronal longitudinal tracts along their normal anterior-posterior path. While we do not know the nature of the barrier, the axon tracts either stall when they reach this region or project across the midline or towards the periphery along this zone. Previously, we had shown that midline ensures ancestry-dependent fate specification in a neuronal lineage. These results provide the molecular basis for the axon guidance defects in midline mutants and the significance of proper specification of the environment to axon-guidance. These results also reveal the importance of segmental polarity in guiding axons from one segment to the next, and a link between establishment of broad segmental identity and axon guidance. PMID:24385932

  12. Building Skills with Reiterative Lab Projects.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Marine, Susan Sonchik

    2003-01-01

    Introduces chemistry laboratories in which students have the opportunity to conduct laboratory projects in multiple sessions that promote planning, thinking, technical performance, and responsibility. Defines the process of experimentation and its applications to science laboratories and describes successful project applications. (YDS)

  13. Deep Time Iterations: Familiarity, Horizons, and Pattern among Finland's Nuclear Waste Safety Experts

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Ialenti, Vincent Francis

    This ethnography reconsiders nuclear waste risk's deep time horizons' often-sensationalized aesthetics of horror, sublimity, and awe. It does so by tracking how Finland's nuclear energy and waste experts made visions of distant future Finlands appear more intelligible through mundane corporate, regulatory, financial, and technoscientific practices. Each chapter unpacks how informants iterated and reiterated traces of the very familiar to establish shared grounds of continuity for moving forward in time. Chapter 1 explores how Finland's energy sector's "mankala" cooperative corporate form was iterated and reiterated to give shape to political and financial time horizons. Chapter 2 explores how workplace role distinctions between recruit/retiree and junior/senior were iterated and reiterated to reckon nuclear personnel successions' intergenerational horizons. Chapter 3 explores how input/output and part/whole distinctions were iterated and reiterated to help model distant future worlds in a portfolio of "Safety Case" evidence made to demonstrate the Olkiluoto repository's safety to Finnish nuclear regulator STUK. Chapter 4 explores how Safety Case experts iterated and reiterated memories of a deceased predecessor figure in everyday engagements with deep time. What emerges are three insights about how futures attain discernible features--insights about the "continuity," "thinkability," and "extensibility" of expert thought--that, I argue, can help twenty-first century experts better navigate not only deep time, but also unknown futures of nuclear technologies, planetary environment, and expertise itself.

  14. Permanent Neutrality and the Panama Canal after 1999

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1989-03-31

    Circuito RPC Television, 2!25 GMT 18 JAN 89, as r-eported by FE_ Latin America, 19 January 1989, p. 21. 12. "FDF Captains Reiterate Support for Norieoa...1973. 10. Circuito RPC Television. 2325 GMT, 18 January 1989. Reported by FBIS, Latin America, 19 January 1989. 11. "FDP Captains Reiterate Support

  15. Crewmembers in the Node 1/Unity during Expedition 13

    NASA Image and Video Library

    2006-07-29

    ISS013-E-62373 (29 July 2006) --- Astronaut Jeffrey N. Williams, Expedition 13 NASA space station science officer and flight engineer, trims astronaut Thomas Reiter's hair in the Unity node of the International Space Station. Williams used hair clippers fashioned with a vacuum device to garner freshly cut hair. Reiter, flight engineer, represents the European Space Agency (ESA).

  16. Reiterating "Asylum Archive": Documenting Direct Provision in Ireland

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Nedeljkovic, Vukasin

    2018-01-01

    Originally a coping mechanism for an artist housed in a Direct Provision Centres while seeking asylum in Ireland, "Asylum Archive" has become much more than that. In 2018, it is now a collaborative archive, interactive and intermedial online document, and a scholarly research project. This iteration includes five new images of Railway…

  17. Stress Memory and the Inevitable Effects of Drought: A Physiological Perspective

    PubMed Central

    Fleta-Soriano, Eva; Munné-Bosch, Sergi

    2016-01-01

    Plants grow and develop by adjusting their physiology to changes in their environment. Changes in the abiotic environment occur over years, seasons, and days, but also over minutes and even seconds. In this ever-changing environment, plants may adjust their structure and function rapidly to optimize growth and reproduction. Plant responses to reiterated drought (i.e., repeated cycles of drought) differ from those to single incidences of drought; in fact, in nature, plants are usually exposed to repeated cycles of drought that differ in duration and intensity. Nowadays, there is increased interest in better understanding mechanisms of plant response to reiterated drought due, at least in part, to the discovery of epigenomic changes that trigger drought stress memory in plants. Beyond epigenomic changes, there are, however, other aspects that should be considered in the study of plant responses to reiterated drought: from changes in other “omics” approaches (transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics), to changes in plant structure; all of which may help us to better understand plant stress memory and its underlying mechanisms. Here, we present an example in which reiterated drought affects the pigment composition of leaves in the ornamental plant Silene dioica and discuss the importance of structural changes (in this case in the photosynthetic apparatus) for the plant response to reiterated drought; they represent a stress imprint that can affect plant response to subsequent stress episodes. Emphasis is placed on the importance of considering structural changes, in addition to physiological adjustments at the “omics” level, to understand stress memory in plants better. PMID:26913046

  18. Non-Parametric Model Drift Detection

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2016-07-01

    de,la,n,o,the,m, facto ,et,des,of Group num: 42, TC(X;Y_j): 0.083 42:resolution,council,resolutions,draft,recalling,pursuant,reaffirming,sponsors...Y_j): 0.019 80: posts ,cost, post ,expenditure,overall,infrastructure,expected,operational,external, savings Group num: 81, TC(X;Y_j): 0.018 81...90, TC(X;Y_j): 0.014 90:its,expresses,mandate,reiterates,appreciation,expressing,endorsed,reiterated, ex peditiously,literature Group num: 91, TC(X

  19. Illicit Cosmetic Silicone Injection: A Recent Reiteration of History.

    PubMed

    Leonardi, Nicholas R; Compoginis, John M; Luce, Edward A

    2016-10-01

    The injection of liquid silicone for cosmetic augmentation has a history of both legal as well as illicit practice in the United States and worldwide. Recently, the American Society of Plastic Surgeons has launched a public awareness campaign through patient stories and various statements in response to the rise in deaths related to this illicit practice. A articular segment of the population that has become a target is the transgender patient group. A brief review is provided of the history of industrial liquid silicone injection, including the pathophysiology to fully describe and review silicone injection injury. Three cases of soft tissue cellulitis and wound necrosis treated at our institution are summarized and a treatment algorithm proposed based on literature review of treatment options and our own experience.

  20. KSC-06pd1105

    NASA Image and Video Library

    2006-06-15

    KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. - STS-121 Mission Specialist Thomas Reiter is taking his turn driving an M-113, which is an armored personnel carrier. Reiter is from Germany and represents the European Space Agency. The STS-121 crew is taking turns driving the M-113 as part of Terminal Countdown Demonstration Test activities, which include emergency egress training from the pad and a simulated countdown. Mission STS-121 is designated for launch on July 1. Photo credit: NASA/Kim Shiflett

  1. DNA lability induced by nimustine and ramustine in rat glioma cells.

    PubMed Central

    Mineura, K; Fushimi, S; Itoh, Y; Kowada, M

    1988-01-01

    The DNA labile sites induced by two nitrosoureas, nimustine (ACNU) and ramustine (MCNU) synthesised in Japan, have been examined in highly reiterated DNA sequences of rat glioma cells. Reiterated fragments of 167 and 203 base pairs (bp), obtained after Hind III and Hae III restriction endonuclease digestion of rat glioma cells DNA, were used as target DNA sequences to determine the labile sites. In vitro reaction with ACNU and MCNU resulted in scission products corresponding to the locations of guanine. Subsequent piperidine hydrolysis produced more frequent breaks of the phosphodiester bonds at guanine positions, thus forming alkali-labile sites. Images PMID:3236017

  2. Obama Reiterates Strong Support for Science at Two Recent Appearances

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Showstack, Randy

    2013-05-01

    President Barack Obama expressed his continued strong support for science and technology in remarks at the U.S. National Academy of Sciences (NAS) on 29 April. His call for continued funding, for scientific integrity, and for an "all-hands-on-deck" approach to science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) followed remarks he made a week earlier at the White House Science Fair.

  3. Joint x-ray

    MedlinePlus

    ... hip Fungal arthritis Non-gonococcal (septic) bacterial arthritis Osteoarthritis Pseudogout Psoriatic arthritis Reiter syndrome Rheumatoid arthritis Runner's knee Tuberculous arthritis Risks There is low radiation exposure. ...

  4. 78 FR 17888 - Periodic Review of Existing Regulations; Retrospective Review Under E.O. 13563

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-03-25

    ... reiterate previously submitted arguments relating to recently issued rules will be less useful. Furthermore.... Lastly, the Department stresses that this review is for published final rules; the public should not use...

  5. EPA Communications Stylebook: Writing Guide

    EPA Pesticide Factsheets

    For the most part, EPA follows the Associated Press (AP) Stylebook. Other requirements of basic punctuation and grammar and usage in EPA writing modify, supplement, or in some cases reiterate AP style.

  6. 20180312 - US EPA-Unilever Collaborative Partnership: Accomplishments and Next Steps (SOT)

    EPA Science Inventory

    Reiterating the goals of the partnership, this summarizes the accomplishments and progress made so far in the collaboration, and announces a two phase extension focused on further development of high-throughput transcriptomic platform

  7. Teaching about Consumer Law: Activities for the Classroom.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Bjorklun, Eugene C.

    1989-01-01

    Reiterating that students have become a potent market force, explains how teachers can introduce the concept of consumer law. Gives three examples of hypothetical situations in which contracts, warranties, and ethics are discussed. (GG)

  8. Using Choice as a Mechanism for Allocating Book Funds in an Academic Library.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Werking, Richard Hume; Getchell, Charles M., Jr.

    1981-01-01

    Reiterates the need for a "literature size" approach to book fund allocations and presents a case for using reviews from "Choice" magazine as a useful means for determining literature size. References are listed. (Author/RAA)

  9. Comparing plant and fungal gravitropism using imitational models based on reiterative computation

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Moore, David; Stočkus, Alvidas

    Mathematical models which imitate plant gravitropic responses were used to compare plant and fungal gravitropism with kinetic data from the agarics Coprinus cinereus and Flammulina velutipes. Similarities were: bending depends on differential growth; growth of the organ is most intensive just behind the apex; gravitropisms exhibit a substantial time delay. Differences were: the agaric stem apex always returns to the vertical (some plant organs show stable plagiogravitropic growth); curvature compensation occurred in C. cinereus; C. cinereus stems rarely overshot or oscillated around the vertical although data for F. velutipes showed a single overshoot and oscillation. The work focused attention on the need for data on detection-level thresholds, angle-response and acceleration-response relationships in fungi, and the need for detailed observations of gravitropism kinetics in a larger number and wider range of fungi.

  10. Restating a Client-Centered Approach to Career Counseling.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Miller, Mark J.

    1988-01-01

    Asserts career counseling too often is associated with objective test scores and rational decision making. Reiterates the importance of considering the client's developing self-concept in career counseling. Provides sample client centered career counseling session. (Author/ABL)

  11. Single nucleotide resolution RNA-seq uncovers new regulatory mechanisms in the opportunistic pathogen Streptococcus agalactiae.

    PubMed

    Rosinski-Chupin, Isabelle; Sauvage, Elisabeth; Sismeiro, Odile; Villain, Adrien; Da Cunha, Violette; Caliot, Marie-Elise; Dillies, Marie-Agnès; Trieu-Cuot, Patrick; Bouloc, Philippe; Lartigue, Marie-Frédérique; Glaser, Philippe

    2015-05-30

    Streptococcus agalactiae, or Group B Streptococcus, is a leading cause of neonatal infections and an increasing cause of infections in adults with underlying diseases. In an effort to reconstruct the transcriptional networks involved in S. agalactiae physiology and pathogenesis, we performed an extensive and robust characterization of its transcriptome through a combination of differential RNA-sequencing in eight different growth conditions or genetic backgrounds and strand-specific RNA-sequencing. Our study identified 1,210 transcription start sites (TSSs) and 655 transcript ends as well as 39 riboswitches and cis-regulatory regions, 39 cis-antisense non-coding RNAs and 47 small RNAs potentially acting in trans. Among these putative regulatory RNAs, ten were differentially expressed in response to an acid stress and two riboswitches sensed directly or indirectly the pH modification. Strikingly, 15% of the TSSs identified were associated with the incorporation of pseudo-templated nucleotides, showing that reiterative transcription is a pervasive process in S. agalactiae. In particular, 40% of the TSSs upstream genes involved in nucleotide metabolism show reiterative transcription potentially regulating gene expression, as exemplified for pyrG and thyA encoding the CTP synthase and the thymidylate synthase respectively. This comprehensive map of the transcriptome at the single nucleotide resolution led to the discovery of new regulatory mechanisms in S. agalactiae. It also provides the basis for in depth analyses of transcriptional networks in S. agalactiae and of the regulatory role of reiterative transcription following variations of intra-cellular nucleotide pools.

  12. STS-116 Crewmembers and Expedition 14 Crewmember posing in the U.S. Laboratory

    NASA Image and Video Library

    2006-12-15

    S116-E-06429 (15 Dec. 2006) --- The STS-116 crewmembers gather for a group portrait during a joint crew press conference in the Destiny laboratory of the International Space Station while Space Shuttle Discovery was docked with the station. From the left (front row) are astronauts William A. (Bill) Oefelein, pilot; Joan E. Higginbotham, Nicholas J. M. Patrick and European Space Agency (ESA) astronaut Thomas Reiter, mission specialists. From the left (back row) are astronauts Mark L. Polansky, commander; Sunita L. Williams, Expedition 14 flight engineer; European Space Agency (ESA) astronaut Christer Fuglesang and Robert L. Curbeam, Jr., mission specialists. Shortly after the two spacecraft docked on Dec. 11, Williams became a member of the station crew. At the same time, Reiter became a Discovery crewmember for his ride home, completing about six months in space.

  13. A Response to Theodore Kaltsounis' Critique of "American History Textbooks: An Assessment of Quality."

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Sewall, Gilbert T.

    1989-01-01

    Responds to and disagrees with Kaltsounis's critique of the author's report "American History Textbooks: An Assessment of Quality." Answers each of Kaltsounis's criticisms, and reiterates several main points from Sewall's report, including recommendations for U.S. history textbook reform. (LS)

  14. Review of Authorities Available for Tribal Program Financial Assistance Awards

    EPA Pesticide Factsheets

    Reiterate discussion EPA presented on financial assistance in the proposed rule (40 CFR Parts 9, 35, 49, 50 and 81) and provides additional guidance on how these mechanisms might be used to advance the tribes’ objectives.be used to advance the

  15. 75 FR 66743 - Office of Special Education and Rehabilitative Services; List of Correspondence

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-10-29

    ... DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION Office of Special Education and Rehabilitative Services; List of..., 2010 to National Association of State Directors of Special Education Executive Director Bill East, reiterating that the calculation of State financial support for special education and related services for...

  16. Letter from Gregory Dolan requesting action on RFC #10005

    EPA Pesticide Factsheets

    Letter from Gregory Dolan reiterating request for the removal of the EPA's draft toxicological review of methanol, and all other documents and assessments related to the methanol study conducted by the Ramazzini Institues from the IRIS database and other EPA public dissemination sources.

  17. 76 FR 62850 - Curtis-Straus LLC; Application for Renewal of Recognition

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-10-11

    ..., and claimed an ``attenuated'' relationship existed between CSL and Legrand. It also argued that the...), and reiterated the following concerns about CSL's independence: (1) The substantial relationship \\2.... \\2\\ The definition of ``substantial relationship'' includes when a major owner of a supplier of...

  18. 76 FR 81493 - Agency Information Collection Activities; Submission to OMB for Review and Approval; Comment...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-12-28

    ... scrap materials, the removal of mercury switches, and binder formulations. Large iron and steel..., or financial resources expended by persons to generate, maintain, retain, or disclose or provide... reiterated in this ICR. Dated: December 21, 2011. John Moses, Director, Collection Strategies Division. [FR...

  19. Reforming Administrator Training: Here We Go Again!

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Drury, William R.

    1989-01-01

    The National Policy Board for Educational Administration report ("Improving the Preparation of School Administrators: An Agenda for Reform") reiterates the need for program improvements for educational administrators. Obstacles to any real change occurring in the near future are pointed out. (six references) (SI)

  20. Model-based reconfiguration: Diagnosis and recovery

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Crow, Judy; Rushby, John

    1994-01-01

    We extend Reiter's general theory of model-based diagnosis to a theory of fault detection, identification, and reconfiguration (FDIR). The generality of Reiter's theory readily supports an extension in which the problem of reconfiguration is viewed as a close analog of the problem of diagnosis. Using a reconfiguration predicate 'rcfg' analogous to the abnormality predicate 'ab,' we derive a strategy for reconfiguration by transforming the corresponding strategy for diagnosis. There are two obvious benefits of this approach: algorithms for diagnosis can be exploited as algorithms for reconfiguration and we have a theoretical framework for an integrated approach to FDIR. As a first step toward realizing these benefits we show that a class of diagnosis engines can be used for reconfiguration and we discuss algorithms for integrated FDIR. We argue that integrating recovery and diagnosis is an essential next step if this technology is to be useful for practical applications.

  1. A Surgeon's View of Prostate Cancer | Center for Cancer Research

    Cancer.gov

    Robert Reiter, M.D., M.B.A., is a Professor of Urology and Molecular Biology, Director of the Prostate Cancer Treatment and Research Program, and Director of Urologic Research at the David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA).

  2. Perceptual Control Theory: One Threat to Education "Not" (Yet?) Faced by Amundson, Serlin, and Lehrer.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Cziko, Gary A.

    1992-01-01

    Reiterates the author's convictions about the inadequacy of mainstream educational research. If perceptual control theory is correct in positing a closed-loop, negative feedback relationship between individuals and their environments, then current and mainstream educational research is not adequate for explaining purposeful behavior. (SLD)

  3. 76 FR 44282 - Defense Federal Acquisition Regulation Supplement; Prohibition on Interrogation of Detainees by...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-07-25

    ..., 2011. Three respondents provided comments on the interim rule. II. Discussion and Analysis A summary of... Comment: Three respondents provided comments supporting the idea that establishing an effective system of... by reiterating this language in the DFARS. C. Clarity of Definitions Comment: One respondent...

  4. Crew around hatch leading into the Soyuz spacecraft

    NASA Image and Video Library

    2006-09-28

    ISS014-E-05015 (28 Sept. 2006) --- European Space Agency (ESA) astronaut Thomas Reiter, Expedition 14 flight engineer, photographed near a docking port in the Pirs Docking Compartment of the International Space Station. A probe-and-cone docking mechanism is visible in the port.

  5. Response to "Parenting for Independence."

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    McNamara, Anne

    1996-01-01

    Claims that Matthews sees independence as moving freely and being able to function apart from the adult, leading to competence and cognitive development for life. Reiterates the importance of emotion, relationships, and the mother as the central part of the child's prepared environment. (MOK)

  6. Regular Class or Resource Room for Students with Disabilities? A Direct Response to "Rich and Ross: A Mixed Message".

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Rich, H. Lyndall; Ross, Steven M.

    1991-01-01

    In response to criticism (EC 600 437), H. L. Rich and S. M. Ross defend their research published in April 1989. Naturalistic observation techniques used are discussed, conclusions regarding the regular education initiative supported, and findings concerning drawbacks of resource rooms reiterated and clarified. (PB)

  7. Development of monoclonal antibodies that recognize Treponema pallidum.

    PubMed Central

    Saunders, J M; Folds, J D

    1983-01-01

    We developed a panel of monoclonal antibodies to Treponema pallidum (Nichols) antigens, some of which recognize treponemal antigens on T. pallidum (Nichols), T. pallidum strain 14, and Treponema phagedenis biotype Reiter. The antibodies were detected by either an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay or a radioimmunoassay. PMID:6347899

  8. Inhibition or Compensation? A Multidimensional Comparison of Reading Processes in Dutch and English

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Stevenson, Marie; Schoonen, Rob; de Glopper, Kees

    2007-01-01

    This study examined two competing hypotheses about second language reading processes: the inhibition hypothesis and the compensation hypothesis. Although the ideas expressed in these hypotheses have been reiterated in the literature, previous to this study, they had seldom been investigated systematically. The inhibition hypothesis states that in…

  9. The Work of High School Counselors' Leadership for Social Justice: An Analytic Autoethnography

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Griffin, Ramona H.

    2009-01-01

    With the American School Counselor Association's (ASCA) adoption of the National Model, school counselors are called to align their work with educational reform initiatives and provide leadership in public schools (Dollarhide, 2003). School counseling literature supporting leadership for social justice is frequently reiterated (Hatch & Bowers,…

  10. The Question Still Remains: What Happens when the Curricular Focus for Students with Severe Disabilities Shifts? A Reply to Courtade, Spooner, Browder, and Jimenez (2012)

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Ayres, Kevin M.; Lowrey, K. Alisa; Douglas, Karen H.; Sievers, Courtney

    2012-01-01

    This article responds to rejoinder by Courtade, Spooner, Browder, and Jimenez (2012) of our initial article (Ayres, Lowrey, Douglas, & Sievers, 2011) describing the importance in making individualized curriculum decisions for students with severe disabilities. We point out our agreements with the rejoinder (reiterating statements from our…

  11. An Approach to Ethics Utilizing the Experience of Women.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Ferguson, Marianne

    1996-01-01

    Delineates a generalized difference between men and women in approaches to ethics. Reiterates Carol Gilligan's theory that men generally believe in a morality of rights whereas women subscribe to a morality of relationships. Discusses other aspects of this dichotomy including ideas of good, evil, and sin. (MJP)

  12. First Steps to Talking with Families and Staff: Guidelines for Listening Effectively.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Eisenberg, Eileen

    2002-01-01

    Presents guidelines for child care administrators to become more effective in communicating with families and staff. Suggestions for beginning a dialogue include being visible and accessible, familiar, personable, professional, ethical, and timely. Details procedures for facilitating parent and staff meeting in a confident manner. Reiterates that…

  13. 78 FR 28214 - Agency Information Collection Activities; Comment Request

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-05-14

    ... are not toll free numbers.) Instead of sending written comments to EEOC, comments may be submitted to EEOC electronically on the Federal eRulemaking Portal: http://www.regulations.gov . After accessing... program. The regulation at 29 CFR 1625.22 reiterates those disclosure requirements. The EEOC seeks an...

  14. Exploration of Patterns in a Calendar

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Huang, Rongjin; Prince, Kyle M.; Schmidt, Teresa

    2014-01-01

    The importance of developing reasoning and justification has been highlighted in "Principles and Standards for School Mathematics" (NCTM 2000). The Common Core State Standards for Mathematics (CCSSI 2010) further reiterates the importance of reasoning and proof in several standards for mathematical practice. Students of all grades are…

  15. Physiological Reactivity During Parent-Adolescent Discussions: Associations with Scaffolding Behaviors and Relationship Quality.

    PubMed

    Manczak, Erika M; McLean, Kate C; McAdams, Dan P; Chen, Edith

    2015-08-01

    Parents and adolescents commonly discuss stressful experiences. However, little is known about the features of these conversations that may have implications for health. One hundred five adolescents and their parents engaged in conversations about two challenging events, with parental contributions to the discussions coded for four scaffolding behaviors (reiterations, negations, move alongs, and new interpretations). Systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and heart rate were measured in both participants at baseline and throughout the conversation. Parent-reported relationship quality was also assessed. For both parents and adolescents, negative scaffolding behaviors were associated with increased physiological reactivity, whereas positive scaffolding behaviors were associated with decreased reactivity. Furthermore, children in higher quality parent-child relationships showed greater reactivity to reiterations and lower reactivity to new interpretations, but those in lower quality relationships demonstrated the opposite patterns. Specific aspects of parent-child interactions appear to contribute to physiological responses to challenging events, which in turn may have implications for health.

  16. Multidimensional Signal Processing for Sensing & Communications

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2015-07-29

    Superresolution (RISR) Algorithm,” IEEE Radar Conference, Cincinnati, OH, 19-23 May 2014, pp. 1278-1282. 5. J. Jakabosky, S.D. Blunt, and B. Himed...2014. B.D. Cordill, S.A. Seguin, and S.D. Blunt, “Mutual Coupling Calibration using the Reiterative Superresolution (RISR) Algorithm,” IEEE Radar

  17. Continuity and Discontinuity, Change and Duration: Hobbes' Riddle of the Theseus and the Diversity of Historical Logics.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Blum, Mark E.

    1996-01-01

    Reiterates the need for an understanding of the concepts of continuity and change, not simply in the representation of historical events, but in the writing and study of history. Uses Thomas Hobbes's riddle of Theseus to illustrate the need for multiple readings and critical analysis in history instruction. (MJP)

  18. Creative Thinking for Senior Leaders: An Essay on Creative Thinking for Military Professionals

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2012-05-01

    are now at the position where those skills, while necessary, may be insufficient. Executive coach, Marshall Goldsmith offered that ―what got you...Military Review, (November-December 2009), 78. 4 Ibid., 81-83, 5 Marshall Goldsmith and Mark Reiter, What Got You Here Won’t Get You There: How

  19. The Effect of Auditory Information on Patterns of Intrusions and Reductions

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Slis, Anneke; van Lieshout, Pascal

    2016-01-01

    Purpose: The study investigates whether auditory information affects the nature of intrusion and reduction errors in reiterated speech. These errors are hypothesized to arise as a consequence of autonomous mechanisms to stabilize movement coordination. The specific question addressed is whether this process is affected by auditory information so…

  20. Epilogue: Reading Comprehension Is Not a Single Ability--Implications for Assessment and Instruction

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Kamhi, Alan G.; Catts, Hugh W.

    2017-01-01

    Purpose: In this epilogue, we review the 4 response articles and highlight the implications of a multidimensional view of reading for the assessment and instruction of reading comprehension. Method: We reiterate the problems with standardized tests of reading comprehension and discuss the advantages and disadvantages of recently developed…

  1. Encouraging Responsible Fatherhood. Hearing on Examining Initiatives To Encourage Responsible Fatherhood before the Subcommittee on Children and Families of the Committee on Labor and Human Resources. United States Senate, One Hundred Fourth Congress, Second Session.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Congress of the U.S., Washington, DC. Senate Committee on Labor and Human Resources.

    This hearing transcript presents statements regarding programs that facilitate involvement of marginal or absentee fathers in the upbringing of their children. Opening or prepared statements, reiterating the increase in paternal abandonment and its attendant social costs, are presented for Indiana Senator Dan Coats, Chair of the Subcommittee on…

  2. Leadership for Social Justice: Promoting Equity and Excellence through Inquiry and Reflective Practice. Educational Leadership for Social Justice

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Normore, Anthony H., Ed.

    2008-01-01

    Within this book Leadership for Social Justice: Promoting Equity and Excellence Through Inquiry and Reflective Practice the contributors provide a variety of rich perspectives to the social justice phenomenon from the lens of empirical, historical, narrative, and conceptual designs. These designs reiterate the importance of bridging theory and…

  3. Worldwide Emerging Environmental Issues Affecting the U.S. Military. October 2007 Report

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2007-10-01

    species ’ extinction , and unsustainable depletion of the world’s scarce resources are the most important threats to human survival. The report reiterates...diamond hunters and hopes of independence to Greenland http://www.guardian.co.uk/environment/2007/oct/04/1 Warming Revives Flora and Fauna in Greenland

  4. Remote camera monitoring and a mark – recapture study of the wandering salamander in a redwood forest canopy

    Treesearch

    Jim Campbell-Spickler; Stephen C. Sillett

    2017-01-01

    Crowns of old redwoods (Sequoia sempervirens (D. Don) Endl.) are teaming with life. Storm damage followed by recovery via trunk reiteration increases the structural complexity of redwood crowns over time. Bark and wood surfaces within complex redwood crowns accumulate debris and become covered with epiphytes. Arboreal soils develop beneath...

  5. An Update on Academic Dismissal for Clinical Reasons.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Price, Sheila S.; Andes, John O.

    1990-01-01

    Four due process cases in which judicial decisions were made about dental students' dismissals occurring as a result of poor clinical performance are reviewed. All decisions reiterate the opinion that educators are uniquely qualified to assess a student's academic achievement and professional development. The school's responsibility is also…

  6. Essential English for Micronesian Adults.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Conrad, Jo Ann; Reinecke, Hank

    This student workbook is designed to help Micronesian adults learn everyday English. Its ten chapters move from simple one-word picture labeling to more abstract ideas in a spiraled fashion, reiterating the essential elements of the English language in different, more complicated ways. Subjects covered include names for everyday objects and…

  7. Higher Education Exchange

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Brown, David W., Ed.; Witte, Deborah, Ed.

    2009-01-01

    This volume begins with an essay by Noelle McAfee, a contributor who is familiar to readers of Higher Education Exchange (HEX). She reiterates Mathews' argument regarding the disconnect between higher education's sense of engagement and the public's sense of engagement, and suggests a way around the epistemological conundrum of "knowledge…

  8. Who Are the Participants? Rethinking Representational Practices and Writing with Heterotopic Possibility in Qualitative Inquiry

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Gonick, Marnina; Hladki, Janice

    2005-01-01

    This paper draws on Foucault's notion of heterotopia to ask a series of questions about the important link between the crisis of representation in qualitative research and new theorizations of the 'subject' within poststructural feminist research. Reiterating Foucault's question, 'what is it impossible to think and what kind of impossibility are…

  9. Transition Experiences of Disabled Young People

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Piggott, Linda; Houghton, Ann-Marie

    2007-01-01

    This paper outlines the changing employment climate and shift in attitudes towards disabled people who are expected to become economically active in order to fulfill their role as responsible citizens. We briefly describe the employment profile of disabled people and reiterate the combination of factors identified in shaping progression into the…

  10. A Tale of One City--and Two Families.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Guerra, Michael

    2001-01-01

    States that the future of the school choice movement depends upon Catholic educators working in partnership with parents, politicians, and business leaders. Reiterates Pope John Paul II's statement that parents have the right to choose their children's education according to their beliefs, and calls for special advocacy for the rights of…

  11. Nurturing the Spirit in Non-Sectarian Classrooms.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Wolf, Aline D.

    This book reiterates the fundamental purpose of Maria Montessori's philosophy of bringing about a "better world by nurturing the spirit of the child." The book draws upon published authorities on the importance of the nurturing of the spirit, along with experiences of active Montessorians for everyday examples of nurturing spirituality…

  12. Linguistically Motivated Features for CCG Realization Ranking

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Rajkumar, Rajakrishnan

    2012-01-01

    Natural Language Generation (NLG) is the process of generating natural language text from an input, which is a communicative goal and a database or knowledge base. Informally, the architecture of a standard NLG system consists of the following modules (Reiter and Dale, 2000): content determination, sentence planning (or microplanning) and surface…

  13. 77 FR 28668 - Technical Standard Order (TSO)-C91a, Emergency Locator Transmitters (ELTs)

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-05-15

    ... installed in new production airplanes for over the past 5-years. The FAA reiterates in this final notice... questions. The first question regarded permissibility of minor and major changes to existing TSO-C91a... meet the minimum performance standards contained in TSO-C126a. Cobham's second question requested...

  14. Higher Education Exchange, 2009

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Brown, David W., Ed.; Witte, Deborah, Ed.

    2009-01-01

    This volume begins with an essay by Noelle McAfee, a contributor who is familiar to readers of Higher Education Exchange (HEX). She reiterates Kettering's president David Mathews' argument regarding the disconnect between higher education's sense of engagement and the public's sense of engagement, and suggests a way around the epistemological…

  15. The Rhetoric of the Real: Stereotypes of Rural Youth in American Reality Television and Stock Photography

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Massey, Carissa

    2017-01-01

    Through an examination of the visual rhetoric of identity presented by reality shows, especially "Here Comes Honey Boo Boo," this paper explores ways in which American reality television and related media images construct, deploy, and reiterate visual stereotypes about whites from rural regions of the United States. Its focus is the…

  16. Class and Culture: Sources of Confusion in Educational Sociology

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Wrigley, Terry

    2013-01-01

    This paper reiterates the centrality of economics (relations of production) in Marxist models of class, while avoiding the crude determinism which results from a neglect of cultural aspects of class formation. It explores the confusion in education and educational sociology arising from non-Marxist conceptions of class which place an exaggerated…

  17. Code-Switching in English and Science Classrooms: More than Translation

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Then, David Chen-On; Ting, Su-Hie

    2011-01-01

    The study examined the use of code-switching by English and science teachers in secondary schools in Malaysia. It focuses on the functions of code-switching in multilingual classrooms where English is the language of instruction, examining in particular the reiterative function of code-switching and its association with translation. Thirty six…

  18. Rejoinder to Hansen

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Suthakaran, V.

    2012-01-01

    Hansen (2012b) reiterates his view that the humanities should form the ideological foundation of the counseling profession by challenging the validity of the central premises for the author's argument that the humanities and science should have equal ideological standing. The author attempts to explain the reasons for their conflicting ideas on…

  19. For a Genuine Right of Workers' Access to Education.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Fernau, C.

    1983-01-01

    It is well worth reiterating that motivation and participation of all citizens require a general, civic, and socioeconomic education open to all in order to become a reality. Admittedly, in most developing countries adults and young workers are still dramatically disadvantaged and marginalized, not to say ignored, on the educational and cultural…

  20. Beyond Anti-Elitism: Black Studies and the Pedagogical Imperative

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Gordon, Jane Anna

    2010-01-01

    "Elitism" is frequently invoked among the pantheon of "isms" actively to be disavowed. Indeed the charge of elitism often takes the form of reiteration, of identifying yet another manifestation of adherence to traditional standards steeped in discrimination by sex, race, and class, this time in their institutional guises in the merit credited to…

  1. Reality: How To Make It Better.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Swann, Joanna

    2002-01-01

    Seeks to persuade doubting educational researchers that there is practical value in pursuing truth, thereby opposing non-realist and relativist accounts of educational research. Reiterates Karl Popper's account of truth as a standard at which to aim, and offers a defense of the correspondence theory of truth as a guiding principle for educational…

  2. English for Employability: A Case Study of the English Language Training Need Analysis for Engineering Students in India

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Clement, A.; Murugavel, T.

    2015-01-01

    This article examines the effectiveness of English language courses offered in the engineering colleges in India. Many engineering graduates in India are found to be unemployable due to their poor communication skills and lack of confidence. There have been a lot of research papers that have reiterated the importance of improving engineering…

  3. Washington Kids Count County and City Profiles of Child and Family Well-Being: 2001 Statewide Summaries.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Hill, Sheri L.; Malhotra, Sumit; De Wys, Shelley; Mandell, Dorothy J.; Brandon, Richard

    These 43 Kids Count summaries, one for each of the state's counties, major metropolitan areas, and the state as a whole, examine trends in the well-being of Washington's children. The summaries each reiterate key statewide trends in the areas of education, child maltreatment, housing affordability, and employment levels, as well as family…

  4. The Culture of Civility: The Cohesion of the Social Community.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Ludick, Pat

    2001-01-01

    Draws on a comparison of the characteristics of early childhood and early adolescence to comment on the culture of civility for adolescents. Discusses how Montessori adolescent psychology reiterates the role of the environment, the importance of work, the mindfulness of movement, the savoring of silence, the beauty of language, lessons in grace…

  5. Multiple Femininities in a "Single Sex" School: Re-Orienting Life Orientation to Learner Lifeworlds

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Mthatyana, Andisiwe; Vincent, Louise

    2015-01-01

    Life Orientation sexuality education in South Africa faces many pedagogical challenges, not least among which is that it is sometimes perceived as irrelevant to learners' real interests and concerns. Learners report that the content is repetitive and that they learn more from peers than from the reiterated lessons of risk and disease avoidance…

  6. Assessing Experiential Learning Styles: A Methodological Reconstruction and Validation of the Kolb Learning Style Inventory

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Manolis, Chris; Burns, David J.; Assudani, Rashmi; Chinta, Ravi

    2013-01-01

    To understand experiential learning, many have reiterated the need to be able to identify students' learning styles. Kolb's Learning Style Model is the most widely accepted learning style model and has received a substantial amount of empirical support. Kolb's Learning Style Inventory (LSI), although one of the most widely utilized instruments to…

  7. "How Good An Historian Shall I Be?": R. G. Collingwood on Education.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Hughes-Warrington, Marnie T. E.

    1996-01-01

    Reiterates some of British historian R. G. Collingwood's ideas on education and uses a wide range of his works to develop them further. Discusses Collingwood's ideas on such subjects as, the aim of education, the nature and content of the curriculum, the organization of education, forms of experience, and self-knowledge. (MJP)

  8. Activating Archives in Women's Studies 101: New Stories about Old Feminism and the Future

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    McDaneld, Jen

    2017-01-01

    The classroom is a sort of ground zero for feminist storytelling--it's there that we encounter the commonplace, surface stories students have absorbed about feminism, and it's there that we complicate, reiterate, or replace those stories through our syllabi and coursework. How can activating feminist archives in the classroom intervene in these…

  9. Place-Based Investigations and Authentic Inquiry

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Sarkar, Somnath; Frazier, Richard

    2008-01-01

    Although many science students perform hands-on activities as inquiry exercises, such activities sometimes remain disconnected in the student's mind and fail to nurture a deeper understanding of methods of science and the role these methods play in scientific inquiry. Students may be able to reiterate the steps of the standard "scientific…

  10. AAUP Reassures Members It Is Rebounding, but Challenges Remain

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Howard, Jennifer

    2009-01-01

    The American Association of University Professors is back on track after the financial and organizational derailments it endured over the past three years. That was the message the group's leadership reiterated throughout the business portion of the association's 95th annual meeting in June 2009. The overall meeting was attended by about 230…

  11. Paradox Lost and Paradox Regained: Comments on Chouinard's "The Case for Participatory Evaluation..."

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Datta, Lois-ellin

    2013-01-01

    Jill Chouinard, in her article "The Case for Participatory Evaluation in an Era of Accountability" (this issue, p. 237), may be re-iterating what has often been claimed and arguably is infused already in much of our theory and practice: the value of participatory approaches in some, perhaps many situations. She summarizes these claims eloquently…

  12. Unique presentation of Twiddler’s syndrome

    PubMed Central

    Parikh, Valay; Barsoum, Emad A; Morcus, Rewais; Azab, Basem; Lafferty, James; Kohn, Jeffrey

    2013-01-01

    We present a rare case of Twiddler’s syndrome diagnosed in an asymptomatic patient on a routine follow up. This case reiterates the need for frequent monitoring of the implanted device. In addition, it was detected 4 years after implantation of an automatic implantable cardioverter defibrillator. This late representation is extremely uncommon. PMID:23802049

  13. E-Learning Practice-Oriented Training in Physics: The Competence Formation

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Kravets, Alla G.; Titova, Oxana V.; Shabalina, Olga A.

    2013-01-01

    The method of competences level automated management is developed for student's competences formation. An insufficient level of schools graduates in physics is identified as the modern problem of the education. Teacher does not specify which step in a solution a student can not cope with, and the student reiterates his mistake in other tasks…

  14. Origin of buds, branches, and sprouts

    Treesearch

    Kevin T. Smith

    2014-01-01

    Recent research shows that survivor trees in rural, managed forests rebuild broken crowns with new branches and foliage after ice storm injury (Shortle et al. 2014). Veteran trees in historic parks and landscapes show repeated cycles of crown loss and recovery (Fay 2002). Crown rebuilding or reiteration from sprouts is a physiological response with architectural...

  15. A Winning Strategy: Using "Glory Road" to Illustrate the Stages of Group Development

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Porter, Haley; Wimmer, Gaea

    2012-01-01

    Leadership educators work to engage and teach their students in new and innovative ways. The film "Glory Road" was shown in an agricultural leadership class to reiterate a lesson taught on Tuckman and Jensen's (1977) Stages of Group Development. Students wrote a paper to communicate their ability to identify and evaluate the stages of…

  16. Do We Value Caring?

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Weissbourd, Richard; Anderson, Trisha Ross

    2016-01-01

    When asked about their child-rearing priorities, parents in the United States are likely to say it's more important to raise children who are caring than to raise high achievers. Schools, too, typically trumpet values such as caring, honesty, and fairness. These values are posted on walls, reiterated in assemblies, and included in mission…

  17. Reauthorizing the Higher Education Act: Opportunities to Improve Student Success. Additional Submitted Testimony from Lashawn Richburg-Hayes, MDRC, to the Senate Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Richburg-Hayes, Lashawn

    2015-01-01

    MDRC is pleased to have this opportunity to provide additional information for the consideration of Chairman Alexander, Ranking Member Murray, and members of the Committee on ways research can be used to improve the academic success of low-income college students. The goal of this additional testimony is to reiterate the second recommendation in…

  18. Fifty Years of Research on the Intelligence of Deaf and Hard-of-Hearing Children: A Review of Literature and Discussion of Implications

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Vernon, McCay

    2005-01-01

    In 1965, McCay Vernon drove a stake through the heart of the long-established "truth" that deaf people were inferior to hearing people. Launched by Aristotle, emboldened by the 1880 Conference of Milan, and reiterated in the twentieth century through the biased research of many psychologists, this falsehood persisted until the publication of this…

  19. Opportunity Foregone: Education in Brazil.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Birdsall, Nancy, Ed.; Sabot, Richard H., Ed.

    The studies presented in this volume help readers to understand the constraints faced in addressing the key problems within the Brazilian education system. Steps to address the issues and benefits to be gained by addressing those issues are discussed. Forty-two authors reiterate that the success of Brazil's education reform will have an important…

  20. Private Power for the Public Good. A History of the Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching. [Revised.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Lagemann, Ellen Condliffe

    This book traces the history of the Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching from its founding in 1906 through 1979. A 1999 foreword by the current president of the Foundation notes the influence of the book and briefly updates the foundation's history. The foreword reiterates the book's judgment that the foundation's policies typically…

  1. Is It that Difficult to Find a Good Preference Order for the Incremental Algorithm?

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Krahmer, Emiel; Koolen, Ruud; Theune, Mariet

    2012-01-01

    In a recent article published in this journal (van Deemter, Gatt, van der Sluis, & Power, 2012), the authors criticize the Incremental Algorithm (a well-known algorithm for the generation of referring expressions due to Dale & Reiter, 1995, also in this journal) because of its strong reliance on a pre-determined, domain-dependent Preference Order.…

  2. Generation of Referring Expressions: Assessing the Incremental Algorithm

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    van Deemter, Kees; Gatt, Albert; van der Sluis, Ielka; Power, Richard

    2012-01-01

    A substantial amount of recent work in natural language generation has focused on the generation of "one-shot" referring expressions whose only aim is to identify a target referent. Dale and Reiter's Incremental Algorithm (IA) is often thought to be the best algorithm for maximizing the similarity to referring expressions produced by people. We…

  3. Presaging Plowden: An Introduction to the Hadow Reports

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Gillard, Derek

    2007-01-01

    The author provides notes on the historical context and membership of the consultative committees chaired by Sir W. H. Hadow, summarises each of the six reports produced between 1923 and 1933, and assesses the extent to which they informed the development of education in England, noting that the Plowden Committee felt compelled to reiterate many…

  4. Rethinking Climate Education: Climate as Entanglement

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Verlie, Blanche

    2017-01-01

    Climate change education often relies on climate science's mantra that climate change is human induced, not natural. In a posttruth world, this can seem unequivocally necessary. However, I worry that this perpetuates the human/nature dualism and may thus reiterate the very distinction we are seeking to transgress. In this article, I outline my…

  5. Stability and Composition of Functional Synergies for Speech Movements in Children with Developmental Speech Disorders

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Terband, H.; Maassen, B.; van Lieshout, P.; Nijland, L.

    2011-01-01

    The aim of this study was to investigate the consistency and composition of functional synergies for speech movements in children with developmental speech disorders. Kinematic data were collected on the reiterated productions of syllables spa(/spa[image omitted]/) and paas(/pa[image omitted]s/) by 10 6- to 9-year-olds with developmental speech…

  6. Just Say Yes to Early Algebra!

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Stephens, Ana; Blanton, Maria; Knuth, Eric; Isler, Isil; Gardiner, Angela Murphy

    2015-01-01

    Mathematics educators have argued for some time that elementary school students are capable of engaging in algebraic thinking and should be provided with rich opportunities to do so. Recent initiatives like the Common Core State Standards for Mathematics (CCSSM) (CCSSI 2010) have taken up this call by reiterating the place of early algebra in…

  7. Elusive but not hypothetical: axillary meristems in Wollemia nobilis

    PubMed Central

    Burrows, Geoffrey E.

    2012-01-01

    Background The branches of Wollemia nobilis are unbranched; however, it has been noted that new branches can form from the distal end of damaged ones, and branches can grow from axillary structures once a terminal strobilus has fallen. Tomlinson and Huggett (2011, Annals of Botany 107: 909–916) have recently investigated the formation of these reiterative branches and stated in the title of their paper that ‘Partial shoot reiteration in Wollemia nobilis (Araucariaceae) does not arise from “axillary meristems”’. They go on to state ‘Further research may reveal the presence of these elusive, but still only hypothetical, axillary meristems’. Response In this Viewpoint, I argue that Tomlinson and Huggett do not refer to previously published information that indicates that axillary meristems are present in Wollemia nobilis branch leaf axils, and that their anatomical methods were probably not optimal for locating and examining these minute structures. Thus, whilst I would agree that the axillary meristems in branch leaf axils of Wollemia nobilis are elusive, I contend that they are not hypothetical. PMID:21868407

  8. Properties of some monkey DNA sequences obtained by a procedure that enriches for DNA replication origins.

    PubMed

    Zannis-Hadjopoulos, M; Kaufmann, G; Wang, S S; Lechner, R L; Karawya, E; Hesse, J; Martin, R G

    1985-07-01

    Twelve clones of monkey DNA obtained by a procedure that enriches 10(3)- to 10(4)-fold for nascent sequences activated early in S phase (G. Kaufmann, M. Zannis-Hadjopoulos, and R. G. Martin, Mol. Cell. Biol. 5:721-727, 1985) have been examined. Only 2 of the 12 ors sequences (origin-enriched sequences) are unique (ors1 and ors8). Three contain the highly reiterated Alu family (ors3, ors9, and ors11). One contains the highly reiterated alpha-satellite family (ors12), but none contain the Kpn family. Those remaining contain middle repetitive sequences. Two examples of the same middle repetitive sequence were found (ors2 and ors6). Three of the middle repetitive sequences (the ors2-ors6 pair, ors5, and ors10) are moderately dispersed; one (ors4) is highly dispersed. The last, ors7, has been mapped to the bona fide replication origin of the D loop of mitochondrial DNA. Of the nine ors sequences tested, half possess snapback (intrachain reannealing) properties.

  9. In situ hybridisation of EBV DNA-DNA hybrids using wet heat in polypropylene containers.

    PubMed Central

    Labrecque, L G

    1992-01-01

    AIMS: To explore procedures designed to optimise DNA-DNA in situ hybridisation, using cells infected with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and tissues and subfragments of the EBV DNA as probes. METHODS: The denaturation step occurred in a polypropylene container, using wet heat generated by a hot water container, the pressure cooker, or the microwave oven, without coverslips, reaching a temperature of 121 degrees C or more in these two last systems. Two different visualisation systems were used. RESULTS: Fixed cells and tumours harbouring a high and medium to low copy number (a few hundreds to 33 copies per cell), were clearly labelled, using a simple reiterated subfragment (BamW) of the EBV DNA, and fresh frozen cells, harbouring a very low copy number (one to two on average) labelled using BamW as well as BamH (single non-reiterated 6 kilobase subfragment). CONCLUSION: This is a valuable alternative technique for DNA-DNA ISH that can be used in fresh frozen samples as well as fixed samples. Images PMID:1336018

  10. Induction of the neural crest state: Control of stem cell attributes by gene regulatory, post-transcriptional and epigenetic interactions

    PubMed Central

    Prasad, Maneeshi S.; Sauka-Spengler, Tatjana; LaBonne, Carole

    2012-01-01

    Neural crest cells are a population of multipotent stem cell-like progenitors that arise at the neural plate border in vertebrates, migrate extensively, and give rise to diverse derivatives such as melanocytes, craniofacial cartilage and bone, smooth muscle, peripheral and enteric neurons and glia. The neural crest gene regulatory network (NC-GRN) includes a number of key factors that are used reiteratively to control multiple steps in the development of neural crest cells, including the acquisition of stem cell attributes. It is therefore essential to understand the mechanisms that control the distinct functions of such reiteratively used factors in different cellular contexts. The context-dependent control of neural crest specification is achieved through combinatorial interaction with other factors, post-transcriptional and post-translational modifications, and the epigenetic status and chromatin state of target genes. Here we review the current understanding of the NC-GRN, including the role of the neural crest specifiers, their links to the control of “stemness,” and their dynamic context-dependent regulation during the formation of neural crest progenitors. PMID:22583479

  11. STS-116 and Expedition 14 crew portrait

    NASA Image and Video Library

    2006-12-19

    ISS014-E-10265 (19 Dec. 2006) --- The Expedition 14 and STS-116 crewmembers gather for a group portrait in the Destiny laboratory of the International Space Station while Space Shuttle Discovery was docked with the station. From the left (front row) are astronauts William A. (Bill) Oefelein, STS-116 pilot; Joan E. Higginbotham and the European Space Agency's (ESA) Thomas Reiter, both STS-116 mission specialists. From the left (center row) are astronauts Mark L. Polansky, STS-116 commander; Robert L. Curbeam Jr., Nicholas J. M. Patrick and European Space Agency's (ESA) Christer Fuglesang, all STS-116 mission specialists. From the left (back row) are cosmonaut Mikhail Tyurin, Expedition 14 flight engineer representing Russia's Federal Space Agency; astronauts Michael E. Lopez-Alegria, Expedition 14 commander and NASA space station science officer; and Sunita L. Williams, Expedition flight engineer. Shortly after the two spacecraft docked on Dec. 11, Williams became a member of the station crew. At the same time, Reiter became a Discovery crewmember for his ride home, completing about six months in space.

  12. STS-116 and Expedition 14 crewmembers in the U.S. Laboratory

    NASA Image and Video Library

    2006-12-15

    S116-E-06472 (15 Dec. 2006) --- The STS-116 and Expedition 14 crewmembers gather for a group portrait during a joint crew press conference in the Destiny laboratory of the International Space Station while Space Shuttle Discovery was docked with the station. From the left (front row) are European Space Agency (ESA) astronaut Thomas Reiter, Nicholas J. M. Patrick, Joan E. Higginbotham, all STS-116 mission specialists; and William A. (Bill) Oefelein, STS-116 pilot. From the left (center row) are astronaut Robert L. Curbeam, Jr., European Space Agency (ESA) astronaut Christer Fuglesang, STS-116 mission specialists; and astronaut Mark L. Polansky, STS-116 commander. From the left (back row) are astronaut Michael E. Lopez-Alegria, Expedition 14 commander and NASA space station science officer; cosmonaut Mikhail Tyurin, Expedition 14 flight engineer representing Russia's Federal Space Agency; and astronaut Sunita L. Williams, Expedition 14 flight engineer. Shortly after the two spacecraft docked on Dec. 11, Williams became a member of the station crew. At the same time, Reiter became a Discovery crewmember for his ride home, completing about six months in space.

  13. Urban Accommodations: Policy, Education and a Politics of Place

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Gulson, Kalervo N.

    2008-01-01

    This paper examines the convergence of urban and education policy in inner Sydney, and posits a politics of place as a useful frame to both understand policy and undertake policy analyses. It reiterates calls for place to be taken seriously in education policy studies, but also proposes that it is equally important to strive for preciseness when…

  14. Are We Fixing the Wrong Things?

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Zhao, Yong

    2006-01-01

    More than 20 years ago, A Nation At Risk warned that "a rising tide of mediocrity" threatened the U.S. education system and that the United States would be unable to effectively compete with other economies because of a scarcity of graduates in science and technology. In 2001, No Child Left Behind reiterated that message, pushing through…

  15. [Between medical foretelling and clues' paradigm: the splendor of Gerolamo Cardano].

    PubMed

    De Angelis, Elio

    2010-01-01

    Reading Cardano's work, with its richness and its modernity, a complex intellectual pattern emerges. The technique of splendor, perfectible and transmissible to others, is only cursorily dealt with, even if Cardano mentions it throughout his whole work. In order to assess its meaning, we have followed Cardano's advice, to inquire minutiae, fragments, reiterating the work on texts.

  16. Bodies Matter in Literacy Coaching

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Vasudevan, Lalitha

    2014-01-01

    Reading the implicit invitation in new literacies scholarship to reimagine pedagogy that leans into the lives of youth, Vasudevan reminds readers how the teacher's body is central to the meaning making of students in literacy classrooms. She extends this notion of embodiment to the work of the literacy coach and reiterates Skinner, Hagood,…

  17. 77 FR 43470 - Defense Federal Acquisition Regulation Supplement: Contracting With the Canadian Commercial...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-07-24

    ... pricing data. This DFARS rule reiterates at 225.870-4(c)(2), and in paragraph (b)(iii) of both the new... data other than certified cost or pricing data. DATES: Effective date: July 24, 2012. FOR FURTHER... Corporation and its subcontractors to submit certified cost or pricing data (see DFARS 215.403-1(c)(4)(C...

  18. The Unfinished Business, Twenty Years Later. A Report Submitted to The U.S. Commission on Civil Rights by its Fifty-One State Advisory Committees.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Commission on Civil Rights, Washington, DC.

    This reference work details state by state progress in civil rights since the enactment of the Civil Rights Act of 1957. The 51 reports (50 states plus the District of Columbia) reiterate the major problems of the past two decades including education and employment. Other civil rights issues identified by the State advisory committees were:…

  19. Teaching Virtue through Physical Education: Some Comments and Reflections

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Jones, Carwyn

    2008-01-01

    In this paper I explore a number of important implications for a moral pedagogy through sport and physical education. In order to do so, I first reiterate the credentials of a virtue theoretical approach to moral action and moral agency and reinforce the claim that the philosophy and psychology of virtue are best suited to provide the firm ground…

  20. Recycling signals in the neural crest.

    PubMed

    Taneyhill, Lisa A; Bronner-Fraser, Marianne

    2005-01-01

    Vertebrate neural crest cells are multipotent and differentiate into structures that include cartilage and the bones of the face, as well as much of the peripheral nervous system. Understanding how different model vertebrates utilize signaling pathways reiteratively during various stages of neural crest formation and differentiation lends insight into human disorders associated with the neural crest.

  1. Duncan Cites Shortcomings of Teacher Preparation

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Sawchuk, Stephen

    2009-01-01

    In what had been billed as a major speech on teacher education, U.S. Secretary of Education Arne Duncan last week reiterated concerns about the quality of the schools that produce a majority of the nation's teachers. But some observers said that by praising several new teacher-preparation initiatives, he struck a more conciliatory tone toward the…

  2. 76 FR 52253 - Revisions to Forms, Statements, and Reporting Requirements for Natural Gas Pipelines

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-08-22

    ... FERC ] 61,033, at P 1, 7, 37. The Final Rule has a more complete discussion of the procedural history of this case. We will not reiterate that complete history here. 5. In response to the Final Rule... in this fashion, future contracts could be rewritten to achieve this end and we do not wish to open...

  3. [With the fourth sentence of the First Chamber on wrongful birth: is it possible to start talking about "jurisprudence"?].

    PubMed

    de Angel Yágüez, Ricardo

    2005-01-01

    Chamber number 1 of the Spanish Supreme Court of Justice has announced its fourth wrongful birth case decision dated December 18, 2003. The issue is whether we can state that with these four rulings there is a genuine law of precedent, that is, reiterated doctrine of the Supreme Court of Justice on this matter (Article 1.6 of the Civil Code).

  4. Dissatisfaction among women with "thunder thighs" undergoing closed aspirative lipoplasty.

    PubMed

    Lewis, C M

    1987-01-01

    In our practice, we have uncovered a small series of female patients with "thunder thighs" who were dissatisfied with results of closed aspirative lipoplasty. The common problem appears to be unrealistic expectations. These patients expected a change in body habitus. This article reiterates the need for careful patient selection and preoperative information of what the procedure can and cannot accomplish.

  5. Assessing Judgment Proficiency in Army Personnel

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2010-02-01

    concepts connected to those schemata are retrieved . Searching and encoding activities are principally guided by cues resulting from the problem...representation process (Reiter-Palmon & Illies, 2004). These cues activate relevant schemata, facilitating the retrieval of concepts connected to them. But...defined problems also involves searching and encoding activities that are guided by cues resulting from the problem representation process . The use of

  6. Pim-1: A Molecular Target to Modulate Cellular Resistance to Therapy in Prostate Cancer

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2005-10-01

    Reiter RE, Lilly MB: Gene expression profiling in R- flurbiprofen -treated prostate cancer: Identification of prostate stem cell antigen as a... flurbiprofen -regulated gene. (submitted, 2006). 51. Holder SL, Zemskova M, Bremner R, Neidigh J, Lilly MB: Identification of specific, cell-permeable...profiling in R- flurbiprofen - treated prostate cancer: Identification of prostate stem cell antigen as a flurbiprofen - regulated gene. (poster

  7. Space for the Prisoner's Point of View.

    PubMed

    Haupt, Laura

    2017-03-01

    The lead article in this issue discusses a potentially free metaphorical space-that of decision-making-within the confines, tangible and intangible, of life in jail or prison. By interviewing prisoner-participants from six clinical studies, Paul Christopher and colleagues sought to find out how these men and women would answer open-ended questions about their decision to enroll in the research. What the interviewers heard was that none saw themselves as having been inappropriately pressured to do so. In fact, a significant percentage of the prisoners described being dissuaded from participating in the studies. The authors therefore advise that unfair exploitation poses the more relevant research risk to contemporary prisoners in the United States than does coercion, and they encourage investigations into whether prisoners are unfairly restricted or discouraged from joining clinical studies. Although Keramet Reiter makes no reference to etymology in her commentary responding to the article, her argument suggests that the roots of "coerce"-the Latin for "shut up" or "enclose"-remain relevant. Reiter argues that, under current conditions, the people shut up in prisons in the United States cannot make an unfettered choice to join a clinical trial. © 2017 The Hastings Center.

  8. The influence of phonological priming on variability in articulation

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Babel, Molly E.; Munson, Benjamin

    2004-05-01

    Previous research [Sevald and Dell, Cognition 53, 91-127 (1994)] has found that reiterant sequences of CVC words are produced more quickly when the prime word and target word share VC sequences (i.e., sequences like sit sick) than when they are identical (sequences like sick sick). Even slower production rates are found when primes and targets share a CV sequence (sequences like kick sick). These data have been used to support a model of speech production in which lexical items and their constituent phonemes are activated sequentially. The current experiment investigated whether phonological priming also influences variability in the acoustic characteristics of words. Specifically, we examined whether greater variability in the acoustic characteristics of target words was noted in the CV-related prime context than in the identical-prime context, and whether less variability was noted in the VC-related context. Thirty adult subjects with typical speech, language, and hearing ability produced reiterant two-word sequences that varied in their phonological similarity. The duration, first, and second formant frequencies of the target-words' vowels were measured. Preliminary analyses indicate that phonological priming does not have a systematic effect on variability in these acoustic parameters.

  9. A Further Brief Response from Mary Hilton to: "Measuring Standards in Primary English: The Validity of PIRLS--A Response to Mary Hilton" by Chris Whetton, Liz Twist and Marian Sainsbury

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Hilton, Mary

    2007-01-01

    The author has been invited to reply to this response to her article of December 2006 in this journal. This response can only be a summary of some of her findings and a reiteration, in very truncated form, of her arguments. She would refer any interested reader back to her original extended review of the PIRLS project as it was there that she lays…

  10. The Effects of Melatonin on Menstrual Characteristics, Prolactin and Premenstrual Syndrome-Like Symptoms During a Simulated Eastward Deployment

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1998-06-01

    shown to Tesynchronize circadian rhythms and induce sleep in humans (Arendt et al.51987; Dawson and Encel, 1993; Reiter, 1991; Wurtman, 1986), is...melatonin levels, in women experiencing amenorrhea , are more than double the normal levels observed in cycling women (Berga et al., 1988; Brzezinski...associated with the induction of amenorrhea . In females with normal menstrual cycles, a tenuous relationship between endogenous melatonin and basal LH has

  11. Sensory Coordination of Insect Flight

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2011-09-30

    us to behaviorally alter the speed of the honey bees using their natural behavioral responses to visual patterns. These results reiterate our... honey bee flight. (9th International Congress of Neuroethology, Salamanca, Spain, August 2010). Sane, SP*. The tale of two mechanosensors: antennal...on the following main projects with reference to our work plan: Antennal positioning in moths and freely flying bees : 1. Latency studies: We had

  12. Inflamed with Study: Eighteenth-Century Higher Education and the Formation of the American Constitutional Mind

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1989-09-30

    the Constitution makers included among the Greeks Plato, Aristotle, Demosthenes, Polybius, Strabo, Thucydides, Xenophon, Plutarch and Dionysius of...condition of the weaker members of the Amphyctionic Confederacy. Plutarch (life of Themistocles) will inform us that it happened but too often that the...in the same essay, in describing the deficiencies of the system, he reiterates, "It happened but too often, according to Plutarch , that the deputies

  13. The Malvinas/Falklands War of 1982: Lessons for the United States and Latin America

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1983-08-01

    system. % On behalf of Mexico, Ambassador Rafael de la Colina eloquently reiterated his country’s support for the Argentine claims of sovereignty and...Mascarenhas de Moraes-Mark Clark series ( between the US and Brazilian armies), the Inter-American Defense Board and the Inter-American Defense College...Peruvian General Edgardo Mercado Jarrin once called the cruelest form of dependence-by developing indigenous military industrial capabilities. Brazilian

  14. Crew poses near the Node 1/Unity insignia collection during Expedition 13

    NASA Image and Video Library

    2006-09-04

    ISS013-E-75815 (4 Sept. 2006) --- Astronaut Jeffrey N. Williams (left), Expedition 13 NASA space station science officer and flight engineer; European Space Agency (ESA) astronaut Thomas Reiter, flight engineer; and cosmonaut Pavel V. Vinogradov, commander representing Russia's Federal Space Agency, pose for a photo near the Unity node's growing collection of insignias representing crews who have lived and worked on the International Space Station.

  15. Pigment cell interactions and differential xanthophore recruitment underlying zebrafish stripe reiteration and Danio pattern evolution

    PubMed Central

    Patterson, Larissa B.; Bain, Emily J.; Parichy, David M.

    2014-01-01

    Fishes have diverse pigment patterns, yet mechanisms of pattern evolution remain poorly understood. In zebrafish, Danio rerio, pigment-cell autonomous interactions generate dark stripes of melanophores that alternate with light interstripes of xanthophores and iridophores. Here, we identify mechanisms underlying the evolution of a uniform pattern in D. albolineatus in which all three pigment cell classes are intermingled. We show that in this species xanthophores differentiate precociously over a wider area, and that cis regulatory evolution has increased expression of xanthogenic Colony Stimulating Factor-1 (Csf1). Expressing Csf1 similarly in D. rerio has cascading effects, driving the intermingling of all three pigment cell classes and resulting in the loss of stripes, as in D. albolineatus. Our results identify novel mechanisms of pattern development and illustrate how pattern diversity can be generated when a core network of pigment-cell autonomous interactions is coupled with changes in pigment cell differentiation. PMID:25374113

  16. Tactical Decision Making: A Proposed Evaluation Criteria Model for the Infantry Battalion’s Tactical Estimate during Offensive Operations

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1993-06-04

    34 J In a paper entitled "Understanding and Developing Combat Power," by Colonel Huba Vass de Czege, a method identifying analytical techniques for...reiterates several important doctrinal and theoretical requirements for the de ’elopment of 9« an optimal «valuation criteria nodal. Although...Methode de Ralsonnenent Tactlque" (The Tactical Reasoning Method)’". Is a version of concurrent COA analysis under conditions at uncertainty. Figure

  17. Reactive oligoarthritis in a patient with Clostridium difficile pseudomembranous colitis. Review of the literature.

    PubMed

    Veillard, E; Guggenbuhl, P; Bello, S; Lamer, F; Chalès, G

    1998-12-01

    A 57-year-old man developed oligoarthritis of the right sacroiliac joint, knee and elbow in the wake of Clostridium difficile pseudomembranous colitis. He was HLA B27-positive and had a history of Reiter's syndrome. His joint manifestations resolved after a course of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug therapy and injection of the right knee with triamcinolone acetonide. Clostridium difficile should be recognized as a rare cause of reactive arthritis.

  18. Afghanistan: Post-Taliban Governance, Security, and U.S. Policy

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2013-10-23

    for failing to comply with a collection of information if it does not display a currently valid OMB control number. 1. REPORT DATE 23 OCT 2013 2...York closed, although Taliban representative Abdul Hakim Mujahid continued to operate informally .9 In March 2001, Administration officials received a ...Resolution 2096. Resolution 2096 reiterates the expanded UNAMA mandate, while noting that UNAMA and the international community are moving to a supporting

  19. Multifunctional PSCA Antibody Fragments for PET and Optical Prostate Cancer Imaging

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2016-10-01

    INVESTIGATOR: Robert E. Reiter, MD, MBA CONTRACTING ORGANIZATION: University of California, Los Angeles Los Angeles, CA 90095-1406 REPORT DATE ...currently valid OMB control number. PLEASE DO NOT RETURN YOUR FORM TO THE ABOVE ADDRESS. 1. REPORT DATE October 2016 2. REPORT TYPE Annual 3. DATES COVERED...expressed in prostate cancer. These engineered antibody fragments (cys-minibodies and cys-diabodies) can be labeled with radioisotopes for non- invasive

  20. A Program Manager’s Methodology for Developing Structured Design in Embedded Weapons Systems.

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1983-12-01

    the hardware selec- tion. This premise has been reiterated and substantiated by numerous case studies performed in recent years among them Barry ...measures, rules of thumb, and analysis techniques, this method with early development by re Marco is the basis for the Pressman design methcdology...desired traits of a design based on the specificaticns generated, but does not include a procedure for realizat or" of the design. Pressman , (Ref. 5

  1. Future Indonesia-East Timor Relations: An Analysis of the Regional Security Practices in the Cold War and After

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2001-06-01

    reiteration of the most dominant feature of the post-Cold War global order the emergence of ethnic and religious issues as major themes of state and...security. Considerations such as historical roots and legacy, ethnic identities, civilization linkages, colonial experiences, geographic location, and...extremely complex in nature. A common phenomenon during the Cold War was the tendency of the armed forces to intervene when ethnic differences arose. Thus

  2. A Unified Approach to Joint Regional/Teleseismic Calibration and Event Location with a 3D Earth Model

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2010-09-01

    raytracing and travel-time calculation in 3D Earth models, such as the finite-difference eikonal method (e.g., Podvin and Lecomte, 1991), fast...by Reiter and Rodi (2009) in constructing JWM. Two teleseismic data sets were considered, both extracted from the EHB database (Engdahl et al...extracted from the updated EHB database distributed by the International Seismological Centre (http://www.isc.ac.uk/EHB/index.html). The new database

  3. Portable Body Temperature Conditioner

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2013-12-01

    thermal manikin. This research will identify specific design improvements to be implemented in a reiterative process , ultimately leading to an...activity in hot environmental conditions. Studies have shown that lowering the patient’s core body temperature rapidly to 38oC improves complications and...further attempts to hire a second technician, during the past year (Year 2) UNSOM began the process of hiring a bio-heat transfer engineering expert to

  4. The Special Forces Organization for Foreign Internal Defense in 2010.

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1997-06-07

    synchronization of all elements of national power and interagency efforts. 7 This publication also describes three " tools " in executing the FID program...logistical, intelligence, or other combat support and service support means. This third tool also reiterates that U.S. forces may be required to engage hostile...ventilated ideas in his patient, sometimes didactic style and Magsaysay listened reverently. A Filipino nationalist once charged Lansdale with keeping

  5. Test Program for Assessing Vulnerability of Industrial Equipment to Nuclear Air Blast.

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1983-10-01

    PROJECT. TASK 4Scientific Servic, Inc. AREA & WORK UNIT NUMBERS 517 East Bayshore Work Unit 1124F Redwood City, CA 94063___ __________ 11. CONTROLLING ...vulnerability, but perhaps less expensive, to be selected and substituted, with an eye to cost control . 5. MODELING AND SCALING CONSIDERATIONS Reiterating...behavior and properties of the test items and Interfaces that control behavior (e4g., test objects/flow field, test objects/interfacing surface of

  6. Victory in Counterinsurgency: Adaptation and Innovation

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2015-05-15

    bloody insurgencies to take place in Nicaragua, El Salvador , Honduras, and Guatemala in the 1970s-1980’s. Costa Rica’s adaptive and political response...victory is compared to the bloody, protracted insurgencies that destroyed Nicaragua, Honduras, Guatemala, and El Salvador . Third, in this case study...design. The U.S. supported counterinsurgency in El Salvador during the 1980’s reiterates the lessons and opportunities for adaptation that were

  7. Satellite DNA and cytogenetic evolution: molecular aspects and implications for man. [Kangaroo rats

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Hatch, F.T.; Mazrimas, J.

    1977-02-28

    Simple, highly reiterated DNA sequences, often observed in density gradients as satellite DNAs, exist in condensed heterochromatin. This material is predominantly located at chromosomal centromeres, occasionally at telomeres, or intercalated within arms; in a few species it occupies entire chromosome arms. Satellite DNAs are a highly variable component of the genome of most higher eukaryotes, but their functions have remained speculative. The genus of kangaroo rats (Dipodomys) exhibits remarkable interspecies variations in content of three satellite DNAs, consisting of simple sequences 3 to 10 base pairs long, and in species karyotypes. A broad range of diploid-DNA content is correlated withmore » satellite-DNA content. The latter is correlated positively with predominance of biarmed over uniarmed chromosomes (high fundamental number FN) and inversely with two anatomical indices (leg-bone-length ratios) of specialization for the jumping gait. Karyotypic variation is achieved via chromosomal rearrangements, e.g., Robertsonian fusion, C-band heteromorphism, and pericentric inversion. Environmental adaptation is achieved, in part, by reassortment of gene-linkage groups and regulatory controls as a result of the chromosomal rearrangements. The foregoing relationships led to the postulation that highly reiterated DNA sequences play a supragenic, global role in environmental adaptation and the evolution of new species.« less

  8. Perception of steady-state vowels and vowelless syllables by adults and children

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Nittrouer, Susan

    2005-04-01

    Vowels can be produced as long, isolated, and steady-state, but that is not how they are found in natural speech. Instead natural speech consists of almost continuously changing (i.e., dynamic) acoustic forms from which mature listeners recover underlying phonetic form. Some theories suggest that children need steady-state information to recognize vowels (and so learn vowel systems), even though that information is sparse in natural speech. The current study examined whether young children can recover vowel targets from dynamic forms, or whether they need steady-state information. Vowel recognition was measured for adults and children (3, 5, and 7 years) for natural productions of /dæd/, /dUd/ /æ/, /U/ edited to make six stimulus sets: three dynamic (whole syllables; syllables with middle 50-percent replaced by cough; syllables with all but the first and last three pitch periods replaced by cough), and three steady-state (natural, isolated vowels; reiterated pitch periods from those vowels; reiterated pitch periods from the syllables). Adults scored nearly perfectly on all but first/last three pitch period stimuli. Children performed nearly perfectly only when the entire syllable was heard, and performed similarly (near 80%) for all other stimuli. Consequently, children need dynamic forms to perceive vowels; steady-state forms are not preferred.

  9. Operational Art in the Sioux War of 1876

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1993-05-14

    encampments, Sheridan reiterated his long-standing requests for construction of military forts along the Yellowstone River and Army control of the...departed Fort Abraham Lincoln on 17 May, heading west toward the Yellowstone River.6" Crook departed Fort Fetterman on 29 March with fifteen troops of...March, and was now patrolling the northern banks of the Yellowstone , under Terry’s command.63 The total strength of the three columns was approximately

  10. Expedition 13 Crew during a teleconference in the U.S. Laboratory during Expedition 13

    NASA Image and Video Library

    2006-08-31

    ISS013-E-75727 (31 Aug. 2006) --- Astronaut Jeffrey N. Williams (foreground), Expedition 13 NASA space station science officer and flight engineer; cosmonaut Pavel V. Vinogradov (center), commander representing Russia's Federal Space Agency; and European Space Agency (ESA) astronaut Thomas Reiter, flight engineer, conduct a teleconference in the Destiny laboratory of the International Space Station, via Ku- and S-band, with audio and video relayed to the Mission Control Center (MCC) at Johnson Space Center.

  11. Ketonuria and HELLP syndrome

    PubMed Central

    Gubbala, Phanendra Kumar; Karoshi, Mahantesh; Zakaria, Faris

    2009-01-01

    We recently managed a patient with the HELLP syndrome (Haemolysis, Elevated Liver enzymes and Low Platelet count) where there was a delay in diagnosis due to gastroenteritis. This case also reiterates the varied or lack of symptomatology in patients developing HELLP and obscuring the initial diagnosis. Patients with HELLP syndrome have significant maternal morbidity and mortality, hence clinical vigilance and high suspicion play a key role in the diagnosis and subsequent management. PMID:21686464

  12. Ketonuria and HELLP syndrome.

    PubMed

    Gubbala, Phanendra Kumar; Karoshi, Mahantesh; Zakaria, Faris

    2009-01-01

    We recently managed a patient with the HELLP syndrome (Haemolysis, Elevated Liver enzymes and Low Platelet count) where there was a delay in diagnosis due to gastroenteritis. This case also reiterates the varied or lack of symptomatology in patients developing HELLP and obscuring the initial diagnosis. Patients with HELLP syndrome have significant maternal morbidity and mortality, hence clinical vigilance and high suspicion play a key role in the diagnosis and subsequent management.

  13. Moral Support, Strategic Reasoning, or Domestic Politics: America’s Continual Support to Israel

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2007-12-01

    were enhanced by key events to include the Eichmann trial, the Six-Day War, and popular cultural influences, which contributed to the remembrance of...the Holocaust and support for Israel.46 The Eichmann trail was one event that undoubtedly produced a growing awareness of the Holocaust memory for...not only America but the world as well. Although the facts of the Holocaust were always available to the public, the Eichmann trail reiterated

  14. Advanced Methods of Approximate Reasoning

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1990-11-30

    about Knowledge and Action. Technical Note 191, Menlo Park, California: SRI International. 1980 . 20 [26] N.J. Nilsson. Probabilistic logic. Artificial...reasoning. Artificial Intelligence, 13:81-132, 1980 . S[30 R. Reiter. On close world data bases. In H. Gallaire and J. Minker, editors, Logic and Data...specially grateful to Dr. Abraham Waksman of the Air Force Office of Scientific Research and Dr. David Hislop of the Army Research Office for their

  15. Translations on Environmental Quality, No. 152

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1977-11-01

    information was released during a press conference called by Manuel Diaz Dorado, under-secretary for Environmental Planning , Luis Urbano Juagueri, technical...seriousness of this threat, as well as what is being done and what plans have been made to eliminate the hazard. It is not superfluous to reiterate...the floating solids in the harbor; the use of a floating in- cinerator to collect and burn the garbage from ships anchored in the port; the planning

  16. Field support activity aerospace manpower transfer to small business enterprises

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Green, M. K.

    1972-01-01

    This report reiterates the major findings of the original study on the utilization of unemployed aerospace professionals in small businesses, and also provides a definition of three programs which, as a result of this study and other research into this problem, offer great potential in providing for better utilization of the nation's technically trained personal and technology resources. Details of these three programs are provided along with a recommended plan of action for their implementation.

  17. Long-Term Outcomes of Alternative Brachytherapy Techniques for Early Prostate Cancer. Addendum

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2008-10-01

    radical prostatectomy. The National Medicare Experience: 1988-1990 (updated June 1993). Urology 1993;42:622-9. 3. Litwin MS, Hays RD, Fink A, Ganz PA...implantation for early-stage prostatic cancer. J Clin Oncol 1999;17:517-22. 33. Brandeis JM, Litwin MS, Burnison CM, Reiter RE. Quality of life outcomes after...combination radiotherapy for patients with prostate cancer. I-125 implant followed by external-beam radiation. Cancer 1995;75:2383-91. 35. Litwin M

  18. Joint Small Arms Technology Development Strategy for Joint Service Small Arms Science and Technology Investments

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2016-01-26

    Scope/Objectives Reiterating, this discussion is limited to small arms; those of .50 caliber and smaller plus low velocity and high 40mm...ballistic trajectory are included, plus abilities to engage targets in defilade such as by fragmentation effects for enemy located behind retaining walls...Electromagnetic Pulse (EMP) Weapons 3 2 Light Weight Small Arms / Light Weight Materials 2 2 Munition Guidance 2 2 Pain Beams 2 2 Barrel Coatings 1 1

  19. Joint Sensor: Security Test and Evaluation Embedded in a Production Network Sensor Cloud

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2010-12-01

    read of this year’s Verizon 2010 Data Breach Investigations Report (Baker et al. 2010) may in a sense reiterate the assumptions and propagate the...in 2002. He currently serves as the program manager for the DREN. E-mail: rcampbell@hpcmo.hpc.mil References Baker, W., et al. 2010. 2010 data breach investiga...tions report. http://www.verizonbusiness.com/resources/ reports/rp_2010- data - breach -report_en_xg.pdf (ac- cessed October 13, 2010

  20. A prospective study of medical students' perspective of teaching-learning media: reiterating the importance of feedback.

    PubMed

    Dhaliwal, Upreet

    2007-11-01

    To enhance successful communication, medical teachers are increasingly using teaching-learning media. To determine medical students' perception of three such media (blackboard, overhead projector, and slides), and to generate recommendations for their optimal use, a prospective questionnaire-based study was carried out among 7th semester medical students of the University College of Medical Sciences and Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital, Delhi. Students made a forced choice between: (1) The three media on 8 questions regarding their advantages and disadvantages and (2) four aspects of a lecture (teaching-learning media, topic, teacher and time of day) regarding which made the lecture most engaging. Resulting data was analysed by Chi-square and Fisher's exact tests. Chalk and blackboard was rated as best in allowing interaction and helping recall (p<0.001 each). The overhead projector was best in providing information pointwise (p<0.001; 67 students, 89.3%, considered this an advantage). More subject matter could be covered per lecture (p=0.001; 58 students, 77.3%, considered this a disadvantage). Slides were best in imparting clinical details (p=0.004), but were sleep inducing (p<0.001). The teacher's style of instruction was most important in making the lecture engaging (p<0.001). The teacher's role in the learning process is important. Students enjoy the slow pace and interaction allowed by blackboard, pointwise information presented by the overhead projector, and the clinical details a slide can provide. The results suggest that the lecture could best be a combination of two or more teaching-learning media. Students' interaction should be encouraged whatever the media used.

  1. Reconstitution of wild type viral DNA in simian cells transfected with early and late SV40 defective genomes.

    PubMed

    O'Neill, F J; Gao, Y; Xu, X

    1993-11-01

    The DNAs of polyomaviruses ordinarily exist as a single circular molecule of approximately 5000 base pairs. Variants of SV40, BKV and JCV have been described which contain two complementing defective DNA molecules. These defectives, which form a bipartite genome structure, contain either the viral early region or the late region. The defectives have the unique property of being able to tolerate variable sized reiterations of regulatory and terminus region sequences, and portions of the coding region. They can also exchange coding region sequences with other polyomaviruses. It has been suggested that the bipartite genome structure might be a stage in the evolution of polyomaviruses which can uniquely sustain genome and sequence diversity. However, it is not known if the regulatory and terminus region sequences are highly mutable. Also, it is not known if the bipartite genome structure is reversible and what the conditions might be which would favor restoration of the monomolecular genome structure. We addressed the first question by sequencing the reiterated regulatory and terminus regions of E- and L-SV40 DNAs. This revealed a large number of mutations in the regulatory regions of the defective genomes, including deletions, insertions, rearrangements and base substitutions. We also detected insertions and base substitutions in the T-antigen gene. We addressed the second question by introducing into permissive simian cells, E- and L-SV40 genomes which had been engineered to contain only a single regulatory region. Analysis of viral DNA from transfected cells demonstrated recombined genomes containing a wild type monomolecular DNA structure. However, the complete defectives, containing reiterated regulatory regions, could often compete away the wild type genomes. The recombinant monomolecular genomes were isolated, cloned and found to be infectious. All of the DNA alterations identified in one of the regulatory regions of E-SV40 DNA were present in the recombinant

  2. Bottom Line II Conference. Quality -- The Vital Link in Production and Readiness.

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1983-06-01

    Business schools teach the concept, and popular books such as MEGATRENDS and IN SEARC CF MMECELT11E, reiterate it. Similarly, it is important that leaders...work the Quality problem. You rarely find it in universities - Dr. Hunter, talked to the issue, but if you go back and look at the business schools , or...biggest. We have developed some sloppy management practices in this country. I think our business schools have turned out people disciplined to think

  3. Expedition 13 Crew in the U.S. Laboratory

    NASA Image and Video Library

    2006-08-10

    ISS013-E-65695 (10 Aug. 2006) --- European Space Agency (ESA) astronaut Thomas Reiter (left), Expedition 13 flight engineer; cosmonaut Pavel V. Vinogradov, commander representing Russia's Federal Space Agency; and astronaut Jeffrey N. Williams, NASA space station science officer and flight engineer, join Chef Emeril Lagasse during a special call in the Destiny laboratory of the International Space Station. Earlier the crew tasted several of his gourmet creations, delivered to the station by the Space Shuttle Discovery in July.

  4. Hepatic Metabolism of Perfluorinated Carboxylic Acids and Polychlorotrifluoroethylene: A Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Investigation in Vivo

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1992-01-24

    metabolism of perfluorooctanoic acid ( PFOA ) and perfluorodecanoic acid ( PFDA ) in rats. These studies are now complete and a manuscript was submitted to...effects of PFOA and PFDA on liver carbohydrate and high-energy phosphate metabolism in vivo. L ’F NMR Studies The studies involving a 19 F NMR...investigation of PFOA and PFDA in rat liver in vivo and various bodily fluids has been described previously and will not be reiterated here. There is, however

  5. Fiscally Sound Options for a Flawed Tanker Recapitalization Strategy

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2011-01-01

    estimated that the last aircraft will not be replaced until it is more than 100 years old. From a pure time perspective, this would be analogous to flying... aircraft .3 Dur- ing congressional testimony, Gen Duncan McNabb, commander of US Transporta- tion Command, reiterated the importance of air refueling: “My...31.5 billion contract to Boeing in February 2011 to build 179 KC-X aircraft .8 However, this acquisition falls 236 air- craft short of recapitalizing

  6. HL-A27 and anterior uveitis.

    PubMed

    Woodrow, J C; Mapstone, R; Anderson, J; Usher, N

    1975-09-01

    HL-A types were determined in 90 successive patients with non-granulomatous uveitis. Fifty-one were HL-A27 positive (55.7%) compared to 8.2% of controls. Of 16 patients with ankylosing spondylitis, 13 were HL-A27 positive, as were two patients with a history of Reiter's syndrome. Twenty-eight patients were HL-A27 positive but had no evidence of rheumatic disease. The findings are discussed in relation to the possible pathogenesis of uveitis.

  7. Response to 'A relational approach to Saviour Siblings?' by Selgelid.

    PubMed

    Taylor-Sands, Michelle

    2016-10-01

    In his concise argument, 'A relational approach to saviour siblings?', Selgelid reiterates some of the arguments raised in the author meets critics discussion of my book, Saviour Siblings In this response, I highlight an important misunderstanding in one of the arguments put forward by Selgelid, which forms the basis of a large portion of his analysis. Contrary to what Selgelid contends, I do not use the deafness case in my discussion of the non-identity problem to contend that the case of selecting for deafness is ethically different from the case of saviour siblings. As I state in my reply, I use the case of deafness not as a comparator for saviour siblings but rather to illustrate the different categories of risk that apply in selection cases Given this confusion, I restate my objection to relying on the non-identity problem in evaluating risk of harm associated with the embryo biopsy process for preimplantation genetic diagnosis. Finally, I reiterate that the individual interests of saviour siblings remain important in the decision-making matrix and emphasise that Saviour Siblings offers a more contextualised approach to the welfare of the child in selective reproduction, which includes both individual and collective interests. Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://www.bmj.com/company/products-services/rights-and-licensing/

  8. Structural Features of a Picornavirus Polymerase Involved in the Polyadenylation of Viral RNA

    PubMed Central

    Kempf, Brian J.; Kelly, Michelle M.; Springer, Courtney L.; Peersen, Olve B.

    2013-01-01

    Picornaviruses have 3′ polyadenylated RNA genomes, but the mechanisms by which these genomes are polyadenylated during viral replication remain obscure. Based on prior studies, we proposed a model wherein the poliovirus RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (3Dpol) uses a reiterative transcription mechanism while replicating the poly(A) and poly(U) portions of viral RNA templates. To further test this model, we examined whether mutations in 3Dpol influenced the polyadenylation of virion RNA. We identified nine alanine substitution mutations in 3Dpol that resulted in shorter or longer 3′ poly(A) tails in virion RNA. These mutations could disrupt structural features of 3Dpol required for the recruitment of a cellular poly(A) polymerase; however, the structural orientation of these residues suggests a direct role of 3Dpol in the polyadenylation of RNA genomes. Reaction mixtures containing purified 3Dpol and a template RNA with a defined poly(U) sequence provided data consistent with a template-dependent reiterative transcription mechanism for polyadenylation. The phylogenetically conserved structural features of 3Dpol involved in the polyadenylation of virion RNA include a thumb domain alpha helix that is positioned in the minor groove of the double-stranded RNA product and lysine and arginine residues that interact with the phosphates of both the RNA template and product strands. PMID:23468507

  9. Barriers to a healthy lifestyle for three- to four-year-old children of Australian-born and overseas-born mothers with post-gestational diabetes: An Australian qualitative study.

    PubMed

    Zulfiqar, Tehzeeb; Nolan, Christopher J; Banwell, Cathy; Young, Rosemary; Boisseau, Lynelle; Ingle, Martha; Lithander, Fiona E

    2018-01-01

    Children of mothers affected by gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) are at higher risk of long-term cardio-metabolic diseases. We explore the diet and physical activity knowledge and practices of Australian-born and overseas-born mothers with GDM history, for their three- to four-year-old children following antenatal health promotion education at a tertiary hospital. We conducted face-to-face, semi-structured interviews with 8 Australian-born and 15 overseas-born mothers with a history of GDM. Findings indicated that mothers of both groups were unaware of the increased health risks of their GDM for their children and could not recall receiving specific dietary or physical activity advice aimed at future child health. Their understanding of the diet and physical activity recommendations was inconsistent. Mothers of both groups expressed concern about the lack of reiteration of child health promotion messages following childbirth, particularly at postnatal follow-up visits. Diet and physical activity of the children of overseas-born mothers were adversely affected by inadequate maternal understanding of the recommendations due to language barriers, and child weight, healthy eating, and physical activity patterns derived from their home countries. We recommend enhanced health education for women with GDM on the future child health risks and their reduction by healthy lifestyle choices. This needs to be culturally relevant and reiterated after pregnancy.

  10. Technology, deskilling, and nurses: the impact of the technologically changing environment.

    PubMed

    Rinard, R G

    1996-06-01

    This study examines the impact of three waves of technological change that swept nursing from 1950 to 1990. It suggests that the response to these changes was rooted in a positivistic stance toward skills as knowledge and a reiteration of culturally held views of natural feminine skills. It further argues that such a stance was inadequate to forestall deskilling and that a sociohistorical understanding of the cultural construction of both skill and gender provides a broader understanding of the impact of technological change.

  11. Marine Vortices and Their Computation

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2003-03-01

    have received attention, the HSVA [23] and the KRISO KVLCC2 tankers. Strong bilge vortices have a distinctive hook pattern in the axial velocity...contours at the propeller plane, as shown in Fig. 2 for the KRISO KVLCC2 from the experimental data of Van et al [24]. The HSVA tanker was the focus of a...quite well with nonisotropic Reynolds stress turbulence models. This was reiterated for the KRISO KVLCC2 Tanker which was a validation test case for the

  12. CLONAL EVOLUTION IN CANCER

    PubMed Central

    Greaves, Mel; Maley, Carlo C.

    2012-01-01

    Cancers evolve by a reiterative process of clonal expansion, genetic diversification and clonal selection within the adaptive landscapes of tissue ecosystems. The dynamics are complex with highly variable patterns of genetic diversity and resultant clonal architecture. Therapeutic intervention may decimate cancer clones, and erode their habitats, but inadvertently provides potent selective pressure for the expansion of resistant variants. The inherently Darwinian character of cancer lies at the heart of therapeutic failure but perhaps also holds the key to more effective control. PMID:22258609

  13. Targeting of the Nuclear Receptor Coactivator Isoform DELTA3AIB1 in Breast Cancer

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2007-03-01

    lab showed that the downregulation of overall levels of AIB1 plus ∆3AIB1, using a regulatable AIB1 directed ribozyme , resulted in reduced tumor...overall levels of AIB1 plus ∆3AIB1, using a regulatable AIB1 directed ribozyme , resulted in reduced tumor growth in vivo. Overall, these data indicate a...Reiter R, Powers C, Wellstein A, Riegel AT. Ribozyme targeting shows that the nuclear receptor coactivator AIB1 is a rate-limiting factor for estrogen

  14. Endogenous 6-Hydroxylmelatonin Excretion and Subsequent Risk of Breast Cancer: A Prospective Study

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2006-03-01

    Prevention and Biomarkers of Susceptibility (in press , BBA-Reviews on Cancer) 8 3) Barba M, Cavalleri A, Schünemann HJ, Krogh V, Micheli A, Evangelista A...diagnosed with asthma or COPD (in press , Eur J Clin Nutr) 13) Colombo C, Muti P, Pala V, Cavalleri A, Venturelli E, Locardi M, Berrino F, Secreto...applications (Yu HS & Reiter R, eds) CRC Press , Boca Raton, FL, pp. 447-475, 1993. Bartsch C. Bartsch H. Jain AK. Laumas KR. Wetterberg L. Urinary

  15. STS-121 Crew Portait

    NASA Image and Video Library

    2006-04-05

    STS121-S-002 (5 April 2006) --- These seven astronauts take a break from training to pose for the STS-121 crew portrait. From the left are astronauts Stephanie D. Wilson, Michael E. Fossum, both mission specialists; Steven W. Lindsey, commander; Piers J. Sellers, mission specialist; Mark E. Kelly, pilot; European Space Agency (ESA) astronaut Thomas Reiter of Germany; and Lisa M. Nowak, both mission specialists. The crewmembers are attired in training versions of their shuttle launch and entry suit.

  16. Judicial Review under NEPA -- Lessons for Users of Various Approaches to Environmental Impact Assessment.

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1980-01-01

    form in which it was reiterated by the 9th Circuit during review of the Teton Dam : "A reasonably thorough discussion of the significant aspects of the...require- ments have not been honored. ’ 2/ In its review of the impact statement for the Teton Dam , the 9th Circuit comnented on allegations that the...be done in a meaningful way. For example, in reviewing the impact statement for the Teton Dam , the 9th Circuit responded as follows to the plaintiffs

  17. Fires. September-December 07

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2007-09-01

    struction, troop-leading procedures and land navigation. The training, similar to the US Army Ranger Course, was so difficult that 56 out of 100...the students received a tab—similar to a US Army Ranger tab but with “Commando Course” written in Arabic and English.Two reiterations of the...airlifted by a variety of aircraft while the M-270 can only be loaded on one US Air Force aircraft—the C-5 “ Galaxy .” HIMARS is built on a wheeled rather

  18. CARDIOCOG. Experiment ops

    NASA Image and Video Library

    2006-11-29

    ISS014-E-08795 (29 Nov. 2006) --- European Space Agency (ESA) astronaut Thomas Reiter, Expedition 14 flight engineer, works with the Cognitive Cardiovascular (Cardiocog-2) experiment in the Zvezda Service Module of the International Space Station. Cardiocog-2 will determine the impact of weightlessness on the cardiovascular system and respiratory system and the cognitive reactions of crewmembers. The results of this study will be used to develop additional countermeasures that will continue to keep crewmembers healthy during long-duration space exploration.

  19. Health in the developing world: achieving the Millennium Development Goals.

    PubMed Central

    Sachs, Jeffrey D.

    2004-01-01

    The Millennium Development Goals depend critically on scaling up public health investments in developing countries. As a matter of urgency, developing-country governments must present detailed investment plans that are sufficiently ambitious to meet the goals, and the plans must be inserted into existing donor processes. Donor countries must keep the promises they have often reiterated of increased assistance, which they can easily afford, to help improve health in the developing countries and ensure stability for the whole world. PMID:15654410

  20. KSC-06pd1109

    NASA Image and Video Library

    2006-06-15

    KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. - STS-121 Mission Specialist Piers Sellers takes his turn in an M-113, which is an armored personnel carrier. Behind him are Mission Specialists Lisa Nowak and Thomas Reiter from Germany, who represents the European Space Agency. The STS-121 crew is taking turns driving the M-113 as part of Terminal Countdown Demonstration Test activities, which include emergency egress training from the pad and a simulated countdown. Mission STS-121 is designated for launch on July 1. Photo credit: NASA/Kim Shiflett

  1. KSC-06pd0830

    NASA Image and Video Library

    2006-05-12

    JOHNSON SPACE CENTER, TEXAS - STS121-S-002 (5 April 2006) --- These seven astronauts take a break from training to pose for the STS-121 crew portrait. From the left are astronauts Stephanie D. Wilson, Michael E. Fossum, both mission specialists; Steven W. Lindsey, commander; Piers J. Sellers, mission specialist; Mark E. Kelly, pilot; European Space Agency (ESA) astronaut Thomas Reiter of Germany; and Lisa M. Nowak, both mission specialists. The crewmembers are attired in training versions of their shuttle launch and entry suit.

  2. Annual Progress Report (FY-80) Department of Clinical Investigation.

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1980-09-30

    Reiter’s Syndrome ) was 17.6% in this population 5/34). Publications: Joseph T. Tesar, -M, Paul Killian MD, David Strong PlhD et al: Acute anterior uveitis...I12 .tate it Pota.sium Balance in the AuilL Acute Leukemic ratient. (FY-78 F) 1127 Characterization and Response to Therapy in- Mild Essential Hyper...Medical Treatment of Amenorrhea-Galactorrhea Syndrome with Vitamin 66 B6 (Pyridoxine). (FY-77 SP I) 1363 Effect of T3 and rT3 on Plasma Cyclic

  3. The Epidemiology of Infectious Gastroenteritis Related Reactive Arthritis in U.S. Military Personnel: A Case-Control Study

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2010-09-13

    in up to half of cases, especially in the presence of HLA - B27 [9,34,47]. Our data supports the idea of a more chronic disease, especially among...patients over the age of 35. While we were unable to assess the symptoms associated with a ReA-related medical encounter, or HLA - B27 status, ReA...Laitinen O: Follow-up study on patietns Reiter’s disease and reactive arthritis, with special reference to HLA - B27 . Arthritis & Rheumatism 1982, 25:249

  4. Developing new minds

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    2008-12-01

    When African leaders met in Lagos, Nigeria, in April 1980 to devise a plan for economic development, they underlined the importance of science and technology with a pledge that each country should spend at least 1% of its GDP on research and development. Nearly 30 years later, the Lagos promise remains largely unfulfilled. Indeed, at a meeting of the African Union in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, in January last year, the heads of state reiterated the need to increase funding for research and development to 1% by 2010.

  5. Maintaining the Social Flow of Evidence-Informed Palliative Care: Use and Misuse of YouTube

    PubMed Central

    Jamwal, Nisha Rani; Kumar, Senthil Paramasivam

    2016-01-01

    This review article is aimed to explore the use of the social media website YouTube (www.youtube.com) as an evidence resource in palliative care, for patients and caregivers, students and professionals, and providers and policy-makers in developing countries’ settings. The reviewed evidence reiterated the role of this social media website in palliative care practice, education and research in the area of cancer. Efficacy studies on impact of such media on palliative care delivery in developing countries are still lacking. PMID:26962290

  6. Formation of rings from segments of HeLa-cell nuclear deoxyribonucleic acid

    PubMed Central

    Hardman, Norman

    1974-01-01

    Duplex segments of HeLa-cell nuclear DNA were generated by cleavage with DNA restriction endonuclease from Haemophilus influenzae. About 20–25% of the DNA segments produced, when partly degraded with exonuclease III and annealed, were found to form rings visible in the electron microscope. A further 5% of the DNA segments formed structures that were branched in configuration. Similar structures were generated from HeLa-cell DNA, without prior treatment with restriction endonuclease, when the complementary polynucleotide chains were exposed by exonuclease III action at single-chain nicks. After exposure of an average single-chain length of 1400 nucleotides per terminus at nicks in HeLa-cell DNA by exonuclease III, followed by annealing, the physical length of ring closures was estimated and found to be 0.02–0.1μm, or 50–300 base pairs. An almost identical distribution of lengths was recorded for the regions of complementary base sequence responsible for branch formation. It is proposed that most of the rings and branches are formed from classes of reiterated base sequence with an average length of 180 base pairs arranged intermittenly in HeLa-cell DNA. From the rate of formation of branched structures when HeLa-cell DNA segments were heat-denatured and annealed, it is estimated that the reiterated sequences are in families containing approximately 2400–24000 copies. ImagesPLATE 2PLATE 1 PMID:4462738

  7. Ubiquilin overexpression reduces GFP-polyalanine-induced protein aggregates and toxicity

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Wang Hongmin; Monteiro, Mervyn J.

    2007-08-01

    Several human disorders are associated with an increase in a continuous stretch of alanine amino acids in proteins. These so-called polyalanine expansion diseases share many similarities with polyglutamine-related disorders, including a length-dependent reiteration of amino acid induction of protein aggregation and cytotoxicity. We previously reported that overexpression of ubiquilin reduces protein aggregates and toxicity of expanded polyglutamine proteins. Here, we demonstrate a similar role for ubiquilin toward expanded polyalanine proteins. Overexpression of ubiquilin-1 in HeLa cells reduced protein aggregates and the cytotoxicity associated with expression of a transfected nuclear-targeted GFP-fusion protein containing 37-alanine repeats (GFP-A37), in a dose dependent manner.more » Ubiquilin coimmunoprecipitated more with GFP proteins containing a 37-polyalanine tract compared to either 7 (GFP-A7), or no alanine tract (GFP). Moreover, overexpression of ubiquilin suppressed the increased vulnerability of HeLa cell lines stably expressing the GFP-A37 fusion protein to oxidative stress-induced cell death compared to cell lines expressing GFP or GFP-A7 proteins. By contrast, siRNA knockdown of ubiquilin expression in the GFP-A37 cell line was associated with decreased cellular proliferation, and increases in GFP protein aggregates, nuclear fragmentation, and cell death. Our results suggest that boosting ubiquilin levels in cells might provide a universal and attractive strategy to prevent toxicity of proteins containing reiterative expansions of amino acids involved in many human diseases.« less

  8. [LE cells in synovial fluid: prevalence and diagnostic usefulness in rheumatic diseases].

    PubMed

    Puszczewicz, Mariusz; Białkowska-Puszczewicz, Grazyna

    2010-01-01

    This study was undertaken to determine the prevalence of LE cells in synovial fluid and their importance for the diagnosis of rheumatic disease. Synovial fluid was obtained from 631 patients: 31 with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), 337 with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), 4 with Still's disease, 9 with systemic scleroderma (SS), 27 with the overlap syndrome (RA/SLE), 132 with ankylosing spondylitis (AS), 57 with Reiter's syndrome, and 34 with psoriatic arthritis (PA). The fluid was centrifuged, precipitate smears were done and were May-Grünwald-Giemsa stained for cytologic assessment. The supernatant was collected for antinuclear antibody (ANA) testing. Physicochemical and serologic properties of the synovial fluid were routinely determined. All synovial fluids demonstrated signs of inflammation. The presence of LE cells was ascertained in five patients with SLE and nine patients with the overlap syndrome. In these cases, LE cells were accompanied by ANA. In addition, hematoxylin bodies were revealed in SLE patients. LE cells were observed in 2.6% of patients with RA but were not accompanied by ANA. Patients with SS, Still's disease, AS, Reiter's syndrome, and PA tested negative for LE cells. It appears from these results that LE cells are rarely present in the synovial fluid of patients with rheumatic diseases. In contrast, they occur in more than 40% of patients with the overlap syndrome and may thus be regarded as important for the diagnosis of this condition.

  9. STS-74 flight day 6

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    1995-11-01

    On this sixth day of the STS-74 mission, the flight crew, Cmdr. Kenneth Cameron, Pilot James Halsell, and Mission Specialists William McArthur, Jerry Ross, and Chris Hatfield and the Mir 20 cosmonauts, Cmdr. Yuri Gidzenko, Flight Engineer Sergei Avdeyev, and Cosmonaut-Researcher (ESA) Thomas Reiter, were greeted and briefly interviewed by the Secretary General of the United Nations, Boutros Boutros-Ghali, on the 50th anniversary of the United Nations via a radio satellite hookup. An additional interview with other journalists from different areas of the United States and Canada was also presented.

  10. Physician's Breakout Session

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Barry, William

    2001-01-01

    Dr. William Barry, Manager, NASA Occupational Health Program, moderated this session. As in one of the opening sessions, he re-iterated that the overall theme for the next year will be facilitating and implementing NIAT-1 (NASA Integrated Action Team - Action 1). He presented a candidate list of topics for consideration and discussion: (1) NIAT-1; (2) Skin cancer detection and the NASA Solar Safe Program; (3) Weapons of mass destruction; (4) Quality assurance; (5) Audits; (6) Environment of care; (7) Infection control; (8) Medication management; and (9) Confidentiality of medical records.

  11. [Maternal refusal to consent to a cesarean delivery, stillbirth].

    PubMed

    Defline, A; Obadia, M; El Djerbi, A; Plevy, P; Lepercq, J

    2014-01-01

    The doctor-lawyer perspective that we discuss is a maternal refusal to consent to a cesarean delivery for a fetal indication in June 2011. Despite repeated information of the risks during a three-week hospitalization for pre-eclampsia, after being assured of the proper understanding of the seriousness of the situation by the patient and spouse, and after consideration to transfer to another hospital, the reiterated refusal led to a late fetal extraction resulting in term stillbirth. Copyright © 2013. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS.. All rights reserved.

  12. Adaptive management: Chapter 1

    USGS Publications Warehouse

    Allen, Craig R.; Garmestani, Ahjond S.; Allen, Craig R.; Garmestani, Ahjond S.

    2015-01-01

    Adaptive management is an approach to natural resource management that emphasizes learning through management where knowledge is incomplete, and when, despite inherent uncertainty, managers and policymakers must act. Unlike a traditional trial and error approach, adaptive management has explicit structure, including a careful elucidation of goals, identification of alternative management objectives and hypotheses of causation, and procedures for the collection of data followed by evaluation and reiteration. The process is iterative, and serves to reduce uncertainty, build knowledge and improve management over time in a goal-oriented and structured process.

  13. Adaptive management

    USGS Publications Warehouse

    Allen, Craig R.; Garmestani, Ahjond S.

    2015-01-01

    Adaptive management is an approach to natural resource management that emphasizes learning through management where knowledge is incomplete, and when, despite inherent uncertainty, managers and policymakers must act. Unlike a traditional trial and error approach, adaptive management has explicit structure, including a careful elucidation of goals, identification of alternative management objectives and hypotheses of causation, and procedures for the collection of data followed by evaluation and reiteration. The process is iterative, and serves to reduce uncertainty, build knowledge and improve management over time in a goal-oriented and structured process.

  14. Experimental constraints from flavour changing processes and physics beyond the Standard Model.

    PubMed

    Gersabeck, M; Gligorov, V V; Serra, N

    Flavour physics has a long tradition of paving the way for direct discoveries of new particles and interactions. Results over the last decade have placed stringent bounds on the parameter space of physics beyond the Standard Model. Early results from the LHC, and its dedicated flavour factory LHCb, have further tightened these constraints and reiterate the ongoing relevance of flavour studies. The experimental status of flavour observables in the charm and beauty sectors is reviewed in measurements of CP violation, neutral meson mixing, and measurements of rare decays.

  15. Chronic sinusitis associated with the use of unrecognized bone substitute: a case report.

    PubMed

    Beklen, Arzu; Pihakari, Antti; Rautemaa, Riina; Hietanen, Jarkko; Ali, Ahmed; Konttinen, Yrjö T

    2008-05-01

    Bone grafts are used for bone augmentation to ensure optimal implant placement. However, this procedure may sometimes cause sinusitis. The case of a 44-year-old woman with the diagnosis of recurrent and chronic sinusitis of her right maxillary sinus with a history of dental implant surgery is presented. After several attempts with normal standard sinusitis therapy, unrecognized bone substitute was removed from the sinus cavity, which finally led to resolution of the sinusitis. This case reiterates the importance of a careful examination, consultation, and second opinion for the selection of optimal treatment.

  16. Imaging's insights into human violence.

    PubMed

    Church, Elizabeth J

    2014-01-01

    Following every well-publicized act of incomprehensible violence, the news media rush to interview neighbors, family members, and experts in an attempt to discover what could have led an individual to commit such a barbarous act. Certain stock answers are reiterated: video games, bullying, violent films, mental illness, the availability of guns, and a society that is increasingly both anonymous and callous. Might imaging be one of the more valuable keys to unlocking the mysteries of violent, aggressive people? This article explores these questions and their complex answers in the context of violent individuals.

  17. Ophthalmologic complications of systemic disease.

    PubMed

    Klig, Jean E

    2008-02-01

    The human eye, as an organ, can offer critical clues to the presence of systemic disease. This article discusses the various ophthalmologic manifestations of systemic disease that can be evident on examination by an emergency department provider, as well as some findings that can be discerned with specialty consultation. The following topics are reviewed with respect to potential ocular signs and complications: syphilis, herpes zoster, Lyme disease, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, Reiter's syndrome, Kawasaki's disease, temporal arteritis, endocarditis, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus. Indications for emergent ophthalmologic consultation are also emphasized.

  18. N-Cadherin in Prostate Cancer: Downstream Pathways and Their Translational Application for Castrate-Resistant Prostate Cancer

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2012-09-01

    with properties of stem cells. Cell 133, 704–715 (2008). 22. Mason , M.J., Fan, G ., Plath, K., Zhou, Q. & Horvath , S. Signed weighted gene co...An J, Horvath S, Gleave M, Rettig MB, Wainberg ZA, Reiter RE. Monoclonal antibody targeting of N-cadherin inhibits prostate cancer growth, metastasis...N at u re A m er ic a, In c. A ll ri g h ts r es er ve d . A r t i c l e s nAture medicine VOLUME 16 | NUMBER 12 | DECEMBER 2010 1415 of in

  19. Computed Flow Through An Artificial Heart Valve

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Rogers, Stewart E.; Kwak, Dochan; Kiris, Cetin; Chang, I-Dee

    1994-01-01

    Report discusses computations of blood flow through prosthetic tilting disk valve. Computational procedure developed in simulation used to design better artificial hearts and valves by reducing or eliminating following adverse flow characteristics: large pressure losses, which prevent hearts from working efficiently; separated and secondary flows, which causes clotting; and high turbulent shear stresses, which damages red blood cells. Report reiterates and expands upon part of NASA technical memorandum "Computed Flow Through an Artificial Heart and Valve" (ARC-12983). Also based partly on research described in "Numerical Simulation of Flow Through an Artificial Heart" (ARC-12478).

  20. [Newer diagnostic procedures for chlamydial diseases (author's transl)].

    PubMed

    Edlinger, E; Ardoin, P

    1981-12-01

    Chlamydiales are bacteries showing a growth cycle unique among procaryotes. The two species Chlamydia trachomatis and Chlamydia psittaci are genetically very distant and their pathogenicity for man is very distinct. Human chlamydial infections by Chlamydia trachomatis are diseases chiefly sexually transmitted and their epidemiological importance is growing. The relationship between chlamydial infections, Reiter disease, and cat scratch disease are discussed. The various laboratory diagnostic procedures are reported, including the techniques and their indications; the method of choice is in the majority of cases the isolation of Chlamydia on cell culture.

  1. [Newer diagnostic procedures for chlamydial diseases (author's transl)].

    PubMed

    Edlinger, E; Ardoin, P

    1982-06-17

    Chlamydiales are bacteries showing a growth cycle unique among procaryotes. The two species Chlamydia trachomatis and Chlamydia psittaci are genetically very distant and their pathogenicity for man is very distinct. Human chlamydia infections by Chlamydia trachomatis are diseases chiefly sexually transmitted and their epidemiological importance is growing. The relationship between chlamydial infections, Reiter disease, and cat scratch disease are discussed. The various laboratory diagnostic procedures are reported, including the techniques and their indications; the method of choice is in the majority of cases the isolation of Chlamydia on cell culture.

  2. Challenging Ronald: McDonald versus McDonald's.

    PubMed

    McDonald, David

    2012-02-01

    Obesity is the most prevalent health condition affecting first world children in 2011. This article recounts a campaign that opposed the construction of a fast food outlet in close proximity to a large school complex. The epidemiologic evidence that there is a negative health impact on children that attend schools close to fast food outlets is reiterated. There is an urgent need for planning laws to be modernised to reflect that evidence. © 2011 The Author. Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health © 2011 Paediatrics and Child Health Division (Royal Australasian College of Physicians).

  3. Aura interruption: the Andrews/Reiter behavioral intervention may reduce seizures and improve quality of life - a pilot trial.

    PubMed

    Elsas, S M; Gregory, W L; White, G; Navarro, G; Salinsky, M C; Andrews, D J

    2011-12-01

    Patients with epilepsy frequently experience depression and emotional stress and these may function as seizure triggers in epileptogenic frontotemporal cortex, which serves in emotional processing. Eight patients enrolled in a pilot trial of a 6-month epilepsy-specific behavioral approach comprising counseling and relaxation to recognize and eliminate emotional seizure triggers. Potential participants with psychogenic seizures were excluded by long-term EEG and/or the MMPI profile. One participant became seizure free, another had an approximately 90% reduction in seizures, and two additional participants achieved a greater than 50% reduction in seizure frequency (total responder rate=50%), stable during 6 months of observation after the intervention. All completers showed marked and stable improvement of quality of life (Quality of Life in Epilepsy-89 inventory) and temporary improvement in the Profile of Mood States. An adequately powered randomized controlled trial is needed to confirm our findings, which suggest that behavioral approaches may hold promise for motivated patients with epilepsy. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  4. Simulations of Evaporating Multicomponent Fuel Drops

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Bellan, Josette; Le Clercq, Patrick

    2005-01-01

    A paper presents additional information on the subject matter of Model of Mixing Layer With Multicomponent Evaporating Drops (NPO-30505), NASA Tech Briefs, Vol. 28, No. 3 (March 2004), page 55. To recapitulate: A mathematical model of a three-dimensional mixing layer laden with evaporating fuel drops composed of many chemical species has been derived. The model is used to perform direct numerical simulations in continuing studies directed toward understanding the behaviors of sprays of liquid petroleum fuels in furnaces, industrial combustors, and engines. The model includes governing equations formulated in an Eulerian and a Lagrangian reference frame for the gas and drops, respectively, and incorporates a concept of continuous thermodynamics, according to which the chemical composition of a fuel is described by use of a distribution function. In this investigation, the distribution function depends solely on the species molar weight. The present paper reiterates the description of the model and discusses further in-depth analysis of the previous results as well as results of additional numerical simulations assessing the effect of the mass loading. The paper reiterates the conclusions reported in the cited previous article, and states some new conclusions. Some new conclusions are: 1. The slower evaporation and the evaporation/ condensation process for multicomponent-fuel drops resulted in a reduced drop-size polydispersity compared to their single-component counterpart. 2. The inhomogeneity in the spatial distribution of the species in the layer increases with the initial mass loading. 3. As evaporation becomes faster, the assumed invariant form of the molecular- weight distribution during evaporation becomes inaccurate.

  5. Computers and information technologies in psychiatric nursing.

    PubMed

    Repique, Renee John R

    2007-04-01

    There is an assumption that psychiatric nurses are late adopters of technology because psychiatric nursing has been traditionally viewed as a nontechnological nursing specialty. This article will review current nursing literature to outline the value and significance of computers and information technologies to psychiatric nursing. Existing bodies of research literature related to computers and information technology for psychiatric nurses. Three areas of psychiatric nursing are identified and the specific advantages and benefits of computers and information technologies in each of these areas are discussed. In addition, the importance of informatics competencies for psychiatric nursing practice is reiterated in order to accelerate its acquisition.

  6. Insane acquittees and insane convicts: the rationalization of policy in nineteenth-century Connecticut.

    PubMed

    Goodheart, Lawrence B

    2017-12-01

    A current situation in Connecticut of whether a violent insane acquittee should be held in a state prison or psychiatric facility raises difficult issues in jurisprudence and medical ethics. Overlooked is that the present case of Francis Anderson reiterates much of the debate over rationalization of policy during the formative nineteenth century. Contrary to theories of social control and state absolutism, governance in Connecticut was largely episodic, indecisive and dilatory over much of the century. The extraordinary urban and industrial transformation at the end of the Gilded Age finally forced a coherent response in keeping with longstanding legal and medical perspectives.

  7. Imagining reproduction: the politics of reproduction, technology and the woman machine.

    PubMed

    Muri, Allison

    2010-03-01

    Scholars widely assume that the term generation, is preferable to reproduction in the context of early modern history, based on the premise that reproduction to mean procreation was not in use until the end of the eighteenth century. This shift in usage presumably corresponds to the rise of mechanistic philosophy; feminist scholarship, particularly that deriving from the hostile critique fashionable in the 1980s has claimed reproduction is associated with medical practitioners' perceptions of women as baby-producing machines. However, this interpretation, whether in the interests of gender politics or reiterated in more sympathetic histories, misrepresents the historical record.

  8. Identification of Sources with Unknown Wavefronts.

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1988-03-31

    as p p [zi~ -it (1.28)ti Thle scalar (l-) is precisel thle " projection " of V oil tilie iiiit vec(tor of lie pt h axis. So (.1.28) simiply means thle t...Arbitrarily forget about t,’ and 0 by deciding I:’ 0 anud assiuuule I ie two So urce vectoIrs are oithog iial (very large arra s) a rather cruile...be thle mlodel. Reiterating a remark already Iii a de a 1 i t lie colit inlis p~ lanle waves andL large parametric dlescri ptimons, Lii’ phsca meaning

  9. Fifty years since Lashley's In search of the Engram: refutations and conjectures.

    PubMed

    Bruce, D

    2001-12-01

    In his well-known article 'In Search of the Engram' published in 1950, Karl Spencer Lashley summarized his 33 years of research and theory on memory and the brain. He concluded that (1) memories are not localized but are instead distributed within functional areas of the cortex and (2) memory traces are not isolated cortical connections between inputs and outputs. Though not the first time he had expressed such convictions, their reiteration in this article was backed by Lashley's estimable reputation and expressive power and they have taken firm root in the collective knowledge of today's memory and neuropsychological research community.

  10. Lessons from mouse chimaera experiments with a reiterated transgene marker: revised marker criteria and a review of chimaera markers.

    PubMed

    Keighren, Margaret A; Flockhart, Jean; Hodson, Benjamin A; Shen, Guan-Yi; Birtley, James R; Notarnicola-Harwood, Antonio; West, John D

    2015-08-01

    Recent reports of a new generation of ubiquitous transgenic chimaera markers prompted us to consider the criteria used to evaluate new chimaera markers and develop more objective assessment methods. To investigate this experimentally we used several series of fetal and adult chimaeras, carrying an older, multi-copy transgenic marker. We used two additional independent markers and objective, quantitative criteria for cell selection and cell mixing to investigate quantitative and spatial aspects of developmental neutrality. We also suggest how the quantitative analysis we used could be simplified for future use with other markers. As a result, we recommend a five-step procedure for investigators to evaluate new chimaera markers based partly on criteria proposed previously but with a greater emphasis on examining the developmental neutrality of prospective new markers. These five steps comprise (1) review of published information, (2) evaluation of marker detection, (3) genetic crosses to check for effects on viability and growth, (4) comparisons of chimaeras with and without the marker and (5) analysis of chimaeras with both cell populations labelled. Finally, we review a number of different chimaera markers and evaluate them using the extended set of criteria. These comparisons indicate that, although the new generation of ubiquitous fluorescent markers are the best of those currently available and fulfil most of the criteria required of a chimaera marker, further work is required to determine whether they are developmentally neutral.

  11. Australian midwives views and experiences of practice and politics related to water immersion for labour and birth: A web based survey.

    PubMed

    Cooper, Megan; Warland, Jane; McCutcheon, Helen

    2018-06-01

    There is little published research that has examined practitioners' views and experiences of pain relieving measures commonly used during labour and birth, particularly for non-pharmacological measures such as water immersion. Furthermore, there is minimal published research examining the process of policy and guideline development, that is, the translation of published research to usable practice guidance. The aims of phase three of a larger study were to explore midwives knowledge, experiences and support for the option of water immersion for labour and birth in practice and their involvement, if any, in development of policy and guidelines pertaining to the option. Phase three of a three phased mixed methods study included a web based survey of 234 Australian midwives who had facilitated and/or been involved in the development of policies and/or guidelines relating to the practice of water immersion. Midwives who participated in this study were supportive of both water immersion for labour and birth reiterating documented benefits of reduced pain, maternal relaxation and a positive birth experience. The most significant concerns were maternal collapse, the difficulty of estimating blood loss and postpartum haemorrhage whilst barriers included lack of accredited staff, lifting equipment and negative attitudes. Midwives indicated that policy/guideline documents limited their ability to facilitate water immersion and did not always to support women's informed choice. Midwives who participated in this study supported the practice of water immersion reiterating the benefits documented in the literature and minimal risk to the woman and baby. The Human Research Ethics Committee of the University of South Australia approved the research. Copyright © 2017 Australian College of Midwives. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  12. STS-74 flight day 4

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    1995-11-01

    On this fourth day of the STS-74 mission, the flight crew, Cmdr. Kenneth Cameron, Pilot James Halsell, and Mission Specialists William McArthur, Jerry Ross, and Chris Hatfield, perform a successful docking between the space shuttle and the Mir space station using the Russian-made docking module that had been previously installed on the third day of the mission. The astronauts and the Mir 20 cosmonauts, Cmdr. Yuri Gidzenko, Flight Engineer Gergei Avdeyev, and Cosmonaut-Researcher (ESA) Thomas Reiter, are shown greeting each other from inside the docking module and an in-orbit interview between the crews and NASA is conducted in both English and Russian.

  13. STS-74 Flight Day 4

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    1995-01-01

    On this fourth day of the STS-74 mission, the flight crew, Cmdr. Kenneth Cameron, Pilot James Halsell, and Mission Specialists William McArthur, Jerry Ross, and Chris Hadfield, perform a successful docking between the space shuttle and the Mir space station using the Russian-made docking module that had been previously installed on the third day of the mission. The astronauts and the Mir 20 cosmonauts, Cmdr. Yuri Gidzenko, Flight Engineer Gergei Avdeyev, and Cosmonaut-Researcher (ESA) Thomas Reiter, are shown greeting each other from inside the docking module and an in-orbit interview between the crews and NASA is conducted in both English and Russian.

  14. In live interaction, does familiarity promote attraction or contempt? Reply to Norton, Frost, and Ariely (2011).

    PubMed

    Reis, Harry T; Maniaci, Michael R; Caprariello, Peter A; Eastwick, Paul W; Finkel, Eli J

    2011-09-01

    In this reply, we address and refute each of Norton, Frost, and Ariely's (see record 2011-18560-001) specific objections to the conclusion that, ceteris paribus, familiarity breeds liking in live interaction. In particular, we reiterate the importance of studying live interaction rather than decontextualized processes. These rebuttals notwithstanding, we concur with Norton et al.'s call for an integrative model that encompasses both Norton, Frost, and Ariely's (see record 2006-23056-008) results and ours (see record 2011-04644-001), and we point readers toward a description of a possible model presented in our original article. PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2011 APA, all rights reserved.

  15. [Tyson's glands. On eponymic and discussion in urology and dermatology].

    PubMed

    Moll, F H; Halling, T; Leissner, J; Fangerau, H

    2015-06-01

    The use of eponyms in scientific terminology and particularly in medical terminology has a long tradition but discussion often arises especially since the involvement of the protagonists in the National Socialist regime which led to strong controversies (e. g. Clara, Stieve, Reiter, Wegener). They are a component of cultural specialist memories and contribute to the conciseness of the nomenclature. For the specialization of urology a total list of eponyms in general use or an analysis of the use of eponyms does not exist. The eponym Tyson's glands is a good example of the tradition of eponyms in urology and the discussion about the related anatomical facts.

  16. STS-121 Crew Portrait

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    2006-01-01

    These seven astronauts take a break from training to pose for the STS-121 crew portrait. From the left are mission specialists Stephanie D. Wilson, and Michael E. Fossum, Commander Steven W. Lindsey, mission specialist Piers J. Sellers, pilot Mark E. Kelly; European Space Agency (ESA) astronaut and mission specialist Thomas Reiter of Germany; and mission specialist Lisa M. Nowak. The crew members are attired in training versions of their shuttle launch and entry suit. The crew, first ever to launch on Independence Day, tested new equipment and procedures to improve shuttle safety, as well as delivered supplies and made repairs to the space station.

  17. A fatal trip with ecstasy: a case of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine/3,4- methylenedioxyamphetamine toxicity.

    PubMed Central

    Coore, J R

    1996-01-01

    Since the late 1980s there have been a number of reports about the complications associated with using the designer drug 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) or 'ecstasy'. Although this drug has been widely abused in the past, the potentially fatal complications have arisen recently mainly due to the circumstances of its use at all-night dance sessions or 'raves'. A combination of direct toxicity and strenuous physical exertion can lead to hyperthermia and its attendant complications. The following case illustrates some of the possible consequences following ingestion of 'ecstasy', and reiterates the importance of prompt recognition and treatment in preventing the development of irreversible sequelae. PMID:8709087

  18. Black Lives Matter: A Commentary on Racism and Public Health.

    PubMed

    Jee-Lyn García, Jennifer; Sharif, Mienah Zulfacar

    2015-08-01

    The recent nonindictments of police officers who killed unarmed Black men have incited popular and scholarly discussions on racial injustices in our legal system, racialized police violence, and police (mis)conduct. What is glaringly absent is a public health perspective in response to these events. We aim to fill this gap and expand the current dialogue beyond these isolated incidents to a broader discussion of racism in America and how it affects the health and well-being of people of color. Our goal is not only to reiterate how salient structural racism is in our society, but how critical antiracist work is to the core goals and values of public health.

  19. Building muscle: molecular regulation of myogenesis.

    PubMed

    Bentzinger, C Florian; Wang, Yu Xin; Rudnicki, Michael A

    2012-02-01

    The genesis of skeletal muscle during embryonic development and postnatal life serves as a paradigm for stem and progenitor cell maintenance, lineage specification, and terminal differentiation. An elaborate interplay of extrinsic and intrinsic regulatory mechanisms controls myogenesis at all stages of development. Many aspects of adult myogenesis resemble or reiterate embryonic morphogenetic episodes, and related signaling mechanisms control the genetic networks that determine cell fate during these processes. An integrative view of all aspects of myogenesis is imperative for a comprehensive understanding of muscle formation. This article provides a holistic overview of the different stages and modes of myogenesis with an emphasis on the underlying signals, molecular switches, and genetic networks.

  20. SONEX: NASA SASS Ozone and Nitrogen Oxide Experiment

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Newell, Reginald E.; Zhu, Yong; Cho, John; Hu, Yuanlong

    1999-01-01

    This final report follows closely on our 1998 Annual Progress Report which was forwarded to NASA on November 19, 1998. Rather than reiterate the material therein we note here the continuation of the various items covered. SONEX has proN,Ided a number of opportunities to learn more about the fine-scale structure of the atmosphere. Coupled with the MOZAIC work on layers we can synthesize a new 3-D view of the fine scales that influence atmospheric chemistry. As a side issue we are also relating the features to clear air turbulence which would be, we think, a useful connection for commercial aviation.

  1. Diagnostic and surgical challenge: middle ear dermoid cyst in 12 month old with branchio-oto-renal syndrome and multiple middle-ear congenital anomalies.

    PubMed

    Johnston, D R; Whittemore, K; Poe, D; Robson, C D; Perez-Atayde, A R

    2011-10-01

    Described is the first case report, to our knowledge, of a middle-ear dermoid in a child with branchio-oto-renal (BOR) syndrome. Radiographic, pathologic, and intraoperative figures are shown. This was a diagnostic and surgical challenge as the presentation was similar to a congenital cholesteatoma and the child had numerous significant temporal bone abnormalities. After the intraoperative findings suggested a non-destructive process, the treatment strategy was altered. This case reiterates the need for a cautious, flexible operative approach in a syndromic child. Included is a relevant review of the literature and a detailed clinical analysis. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

  2. Architectural mutation and leaf form, for the palmate series.

    PubMed

    White, D A

    2005-07-21

    Palmate leaf form occurs in both the ferns and angiosperms. The palmate leaf form, and its variants, is present in distantly separated clades within both ferns and angiosperms. There tend not to be intermediate forms which link these palmate leaves to other leaf forms within the taxonomic groups in question. The recurrence of homoplasious leaf forms in separate taxonomic groups could be a consequence of the algorithmic like mode of leaf growth. Leaves develop through the reiteration of modular units. It is probable that the homoplasious leaf forms in different taxa are derived independently through re-combinations of the parameters in the basic leaf form development algorithm.

  3. Studies on transposable elements in yeast. I. ROAM mutations causing increased expression of yeast genes: their activation by signals directed toward conjugation functions and their formation by insertion of Tyl repetitive elements

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Errede, B.; Cardillo, T.S.; Wever, G.

    1981-01-01

    Mechanisms available to eukaryotic organisms for the coordinate regulation of gene expression are being examined by genetic and biochemical characterization of an unusual mutation, CYC7-H2, which causes over-production of iso-2-cytochrome c in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The CYC7-H2 mutation causes overproduction in haploid strains but only a 1- to 40-fold overproduction in MATa/MAT..cap alpha.. diploid strains. This regulation of overproduction has been characterized as a response to signals controlling conjugation in yeast. Furthermore, the abnormal controlling region has been identified as an insertion of a transposable and reiterated Ty1 element adjacent to the structural gene. Therefore, we suggest that Ty1more » elements or portions of Ty1 elements occur adjacent to some of the genes required for conjugation and that they normally function to control expression of this process. The suggested role of reiterated sequences may represent a general mechanism of coordinate regulation in eukaryotes. The CYC7-H2 mutation is closely related to other regulatory mutations occurring at the cargA, cargB and DUR1,2 loci. Similar to the CYC7-H2 mutation, the mutations designated cargA/sup +/O/sup h/, cargB/sup +/O/sup h/, and durO/sup h/ cause constitutive production of their respective gene products at much lower levels of MATa/MAT..cap alpha.. diploid strains than in the corresponding haploid strains. A consistent relationship between conjugation competence and the level of overproduction in all four mutants has been established. Observations characterizing the regulation of overproduction in the CYC7-H2 mutant are presented with the additional and parallel observations for the O/sup h/ mutants. Together these results provide a demonstration of the specificity and equivalence of regulatory control exhibited by ROAM mutants.« less

  4. Improved two-point model for limiter scrape-off layer

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Tokar, M. Z.; Kobayashi, M.; Feng, Y.

    2004-10-01

    An analytical model for a limiter scrape-off layer (SOL) is proposed, which takes self-consistently into account both conductive and convective contributions to the heat transport in SOL. The particle flows in the SOL main part are determined by considering the recycling of neutrals. The model allows us to interpret the results of numerical simulation by the code EMC3-EIRENE [Y. Feng, F. Sardei, P. Grigull, K. McCormick, J. Kisslinger, D. Reiter, and Y. Igitkhanov, Plasma Phys. Controlled Fusion 44, 611 (2002)] for the edge region of Tokamak Experiment for Technology Oriented Research (TEXTOR) [Proceedings of the 16th IEEE Symposium on Fusion Engineering, 1995 (Institute for Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Piscataway, NJ, 1995), p. 470].

  5. KSC-06pd1394

    NASA Image and Video Library

    2006-07-04

    KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. - Mission Specialist Thomas Reiter, happy to be making a third launch attempt on mission STS-121, is suited up before heading to Launch Pad 39B. The July 2 launch attempt was scrubbed due to the presence of showers and thunderstorms within the surrounding area of the launch site. The launch of Space Shuttle Discovery on mission STS-121 is the 115th shuttle flight and the 18th U.S. flight to the International Space Station. During the 12-day mission, the STS-121 crew will test new equipment and procedures to improve shuttle safety, as well as deliver supplies and make repairs to the International Space Station. Photo credit: NASA/Kim Shiflett

  6. X-ray absorption spectra: Graphene, h-BN, and their alloy

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Bhowmick, Somnath; Rusz, Jan; Eriksson, Olle

    2013-04-01

    Using first-principles density functional theory calculations, in conjunction with the Mahan-Nozières-de Dominicis theory, we calculate the x-ray absorption spectra of the alloys of graphene and monolayer hexagonal boron nitride on a Ni (111) substrate. The chemical neighborhood of the constituent atoms (B, C, and N) inside the alloy differs from that of the parent phases. In a systematic way, we capture the change in the K-edge spectral shape, depending on the chemical neighborhood of B, C, and N. Our work also reiterates the importance of the dynamical core-hole screening for a proper description of the x-ray absorption process in sp2-bonded layered materials.

  7. An amphioxus Msx gene expressed predominantly in the dorsal neural tube.

    PubMed

    Sharman, A C; Shimeld, S M; Holland, P W

    1999-04-01

    Genomic and cDNA clones of an Msx class homeobox gene were isolated from amphioxus (Branchiostoma floridae). The gene, AmphiMsx, is expressed in the neural plate from late gastrulation; in later embryos it is expressed in dorsal cells of the neural tube, excluding anterior and posterior regions, in an irregular reiterated pattern. There is transient expression in dorsal cells within somites, reminiscent of migrating neural crest cells of vertebrates. In larvae, mRNA is detected in two patches of anterior ectoderm proposed to be placodes. Evolutionary analyses show there is little phylogenetic information in Msx protein sequences; however, it is likely that duplication of Msx genes occurred in the vertebrate lineage.

  8. Phonology is necessary, but not sufficient: a rejoinder.

    PubMed

    Paul, Peter V; Wang, Ye; Trezek, Beverly J; Luckner, John L

    2009-01-01

    Paul, Wang, Trezek, and Luckner offer a rebuttal to an article by Allen, Clark, del Giudice, Koo, Lieberman, Mayberry, and Miller published in the same issue of the American Annals of the Deaf (Fall 2009) that is critical of an article by Wang, Trezek, Luckner, and Paul that was published in the Fall 2008 Annals. Major themes from the article by Wang and colleagues are reiterated, and the research and theoretical support for the qualitative-similarity hypothesis is emphasized. In addition, specific assertions made in the four sections of the article by Allen and colleagues, which are mostly overgeneralizations and misunderstandings, are addressed. Finally, concluding remarks regarding the importance of phonology are provided.

  9. An experience of science theatre: Earth Science for children

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Musacchio, Gemma; Lanza, Tiziana; D'Addezio, Giuliana

    2015-04-01

    The present paper describes an experience of science theatre addressed to children of primary and secondary school, with the main purpose of explaining the Earth interior while raising awareness about natural hazard. We conducted the experience with the help of a theatrical company specialized in shows for children. Several performances have been reiterated in different context, giving us the opportunity of conducting a preliminary survey with public of different ages, even if the show was conceived for children. Results suggest that science theatre while relying on creativity and emotional learning in transmitting knowledge about the Earth and its hazard has the potential to induce in children a positive attitude towards the risks

  10. Matroshka-R Phantom experiment

    NASA Image and Video Library

    2006-12-01

    ISS014-E-09097 (December 2006) --- European Space Agency (ESA) astronaut Thomas Reiter, Expedition 14 flight engineer, works with the European Matroshka-R Phantom experiment in the Zvezda Service Module of the International Space Station. Matroshka, the name for the traditional Russian set of nestling dolls, is an antroph-amorphous model of a human torso designed for radiation studies. The activity, supported by ground specialist tag-up, requires equipping the torso's individual horizontal slice-like layers with 356 thermo luminescent detectors (TLDs) and five nuclear radiation tracking detectors (NTDPs). The mannequin was then to be reassembled, covered with poncho and hood and installed in the Pirs Docking Compartment for studies of on-orbit radiation and long-term dose accumulation.

  11. Women's empowerment and health: the role of institutions of power in Pakistan.

    PubMed

    Qureshi, N; Shaikh, B T

    2007-01-01

    Women's right to health has been reiterated many times. However, there are social and cultural barriers in developing countries that hinder their empowerment. Women's low status, deprivation of education and lack of control over their own lives and bodies have a negative impact on their health status and that of their families. This paper discusses women's empowerment and health within the framework of the 4 institutions of power in a society-family, community, health care systems and the state--with special reference to the situation in Pakistan. It concludes that to improve women's health status, concerted efforts are needed by all these institutions of power to work towards gender equality and the greater empowerment of women.

  12. Black Lives Matter: A Commentary on Racism and Public Health

    PubMed Central

    Jee-Lyn García, Jennifer

    2015-01-01

    The recent nonindictments of police officers who killed unarmed Black men have incited popular and scholarly discussions on racial injustices in our legal system, racialized police violence, and police (mis)conduct. What is glaringly absent is a public health perspective in response to these events. We aim to fill this gap and expand the current dialogue beyond these isolated incidents to a broader discussion of racism in America and how it affects the health and well-being of people of color. Our goal is not only to reiterate how salient structural racism is in our society, but how critical antiracist work is to the core goals and values of public health. PMID:26066958

  13. The origin of in situ hybridization - A personal history.

    PubMed

    Gall, Joseph G

    2016-04-01

    In situ hybridization is the technique by which specific RNA or DNA molecules are detected in cytological preparations. Basically it involves formation of a hybrid molecule between an endogenous single-stranded RNA or DNA in the cell and a complementary single-stranded RNA or DNA probe. In its original form the probe was labeled with (3)H and the hybrid was detected by autoradiography. The first successful experiments in 1968 involved detection of the highly amplified ribosomal DNA in oocytes of the frog Xenopus, followed soon after by the reiterated "satellite DNA" in mouse and Drosophila chromosomes. Fluorescent probes were developed about ten years later. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  14. Description and Evaluation of the Research Ethics Review Process in Japan: Proposed Measures for Improvement.

    PubMed

    Suzuki, Mika; Sato, Keiko

    2016-07-01

    Research Ethics Committees (RECs) are designed to protect human subjects in research. It is essential to recognize whether the RECs are achieving this goal. Several studies have reported on RECs; however, detailed data regarding the quality of research protocols and the review process of RECs have not been reported in Japan. We examine research protocols reviewed by RECs and the review processes at three institutions using a novel checklist we developed. The data show that approximately half of all examined protocols lacked a clearly written "Background" section that defines the study rationale and design. These results reiterate suggestions made in previous research regarding educational programs and support departments that could enhance responsible conduct in clinical research to protect human subjects in Japan. © The Author(s) 2016.

  15. Exciting (and modulating) very-long-period seismic signals on White Island, New Zealand

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Neuberg, Jurgen; Jolly, Art

    2014-05-01

    Very-long-period seismic signals (VLP) on volcanoes can be used to fill the gap between classic seismology and deformation studies. In this contribution we reiterate the principal processing steps to retrieve from a velocity seismogram 3D ground displacement with tiny amplitudes far beyond the resolution of GPS. As a case study we use several seismic and infrasonic signals of volcanic events from White Island, New Zealand. We apply particle motion analysis and deformation modelling tools to the resulting displacement signals and exam the potential link between ground displacement and the modulation of harmonic tremor, in turn linked to a hydrothermal system. In this way we want to demonstrate the full potential of VLPs in monitoring and modelling of volcanic processes.

  16. A Response to the Legitimacy of Brain Death in Islam.

    PubMed

    Rady, Mohamed Y; Verheijde, Joseph L

    2016-08-01

    Brain death is a novel construct of death for the procurement of transplantable organs. Many authoritative Islamic organizations and governments have endorsed brain death as true death for organ donation. Many commentators have reiterated the misconception that the Quranic text does not define death. We respond by clarifying: (1) the Quran does define death as biologic disintegration and clearly distinguishes it from the dying process, (2) brain death belongs scientifically within the spectrum of neurologic disorders of consciousness and should not be confused with death, and (3) religious and legal discord about brain death has grown in jurisdictions worldwide. We urge for public transparency and truthfulness about brain death and the accommodation and respect of religious objection to the determination of death by neurologic criteria.

  17. American College of Physicians Ethics Manual: sixth edition.

    PubMed

    Snyder, Lois

    2012-01-03

    Medicine, law, and social values are not static. Reexamining the ethical tenets of medicine and their application in new circumstances is a necessary exercise. The sixth edition of the American College of Physicians (ACP) Ethics Manual covers emerging issues in medical ethics and revisits older ones that are still very pertinent. It reflects on many of the ethical tensions in medicine and attempts to shed light on how existing principles extend to emerging concerns. In addition, by reiterating ethical principles that have provided guidance in resolving past ethical problems, the Manual may help physicians avert future problems. The Manual is not a substitute for the experience and integrity of individual physicians, but it may serve as a reminder of the shared duties of the medical profession.

  18. Color and psychological functioning: a review of theoretical and empirical work

    PubMed Central

    Elliot, Andrew J.

    2015-01-01

    In the past decade there has been increased interest in research on color and psychological functioning. Important advances have been made in theoretical work and empirical work, but there are also important weaknesses in both areas that must be addressed for the literature to continue to develop apace. In this article, I provide brief theoretical and empirical reviews of research in this area, in each instance beginning with a historical background and recent advancements, and proceeding to an evaluation focused on weaknesses that provide guidelines for future research. I conclude by reiterating that the literature on color and psychological functioning is at a nascent stage of development, and by recommending patience and prudence regarding conclusions about theory, findings, and real-world application. PMID:25883578

  19. Correcting a Persistent Manhattan Project Statistical Error

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Reed, Cameron

    2011-04-01

    In his 1987 autobiography, Major-General Kenneth Nichols, who served as the Manhattan Project's ``District Engineer'' under General Leslie Groves, related that when the Clinton Engineer Works at Oak Ridge, TN, was completed it was consuming nearly one-seventh (~ 14%) of the electric power being generated in the United States. This statement has been reiterated in several editions of a Department of Energy publication on the Manhattan Project. This remarkable claim has been checked against power generation and consumption figures available in Manhattan Engineer District documents, Tennessee Valley Authority records, and historical editions of the Statistical Abstract of the United States. The correct figure is closer to 0.9% of national generation. A speculation will be made as to the origin of Nichols' erroneous one-seventh figure.

  20. Advances in asthma and allergy genetics in 2007.

    PubMed

    Vercelli, Donata

    2008-08-01

    This review discusses the main advances in the genetics of asthma and allergy published in the Journal in 2007. The association studies discussed herein addressed 3 main topics: the effect of the environment and gene-environment interactions on asthma/allergy susceptibility, the contribution of T(H)2 immunity gene variants to allergic inflammation, and the role of filaggrin mutations in atopic dermatitis and associated phenotypes. Other articles revealed novel, potentially important candidate genes or confirmed known ones. Collectively, the works published in 2007 reiterate that allergy and asthma are typical complex diseases; that is, they are disorders in which intricate interactions among environmental and genetic factors modify disease susceptibility by altering the fundamental structural and functional properties of target organs at critical developmental windows.

  1. How would you like your tea, vicar?

    PubMed

    Jamnadas-Khoda, Benjamin; See, M S; Cubison, Colonel T C; Dheansa, B S

    2010-05-01

    Scald injuries are the commonest cause of paediatric burns leading to hospital admission both in the United Kingdom (National Burn Care Review Committee Report; 2001) and around the world. The cost and significant morbidity resulting from scald injuries reiterates the need for effective prevention campaigns for primary caregivers. The majority of scalds in children occur in the kitchen (49%) at home. Three children a day under the age of 5 (1100/year) are involved in scalds resulting from pulling on a cup of beverage onto themselves. We therefore aim to study the temperature of common beverages made at home and their potential to cause significant thermal injury. Common household beverages were formulated to assess the thermal characteristics. Each beverage was made in a standardized environment with constant ambient temperature of 22 degrees C. Beverages were made in 230 ml ceramic mugs, using boiled water from an electric kettle, instant coffee granules and teabags. Hot milk and hot water were prepared for comparison. Temperature readings were taken from 0 to 10 min. Cooling curves were then plotted. Milky beverages had the lowest starting temperatures (75-77 degrees C). Black tea and black coffee remained at temperatures greater than 65 degrees C despite cooling for 10 min. The addition of sugar did not alter the cooling rate. Similarly there was very little difference in cooling rates for skimmed and full fat milk. Addition of 10 ml rather than 5 ml of milk lowered the starting temperature and increased the cooling rates. Hot beverages can cause significant scald injuries especially in the paediatric population. We demonstrated the potential for a full thickness burn despite cooling for 10 min or the addition of cold milk. Thus the complacent attitude surrounding beverages under such conditions should be abolished. Our work also reiterates the need for education amongst caregivers regarding the handling of hot beverages in order to reduce the number of

  2. STS-74 Flight Day 5

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    1995-01-01

    On this fifth day of the STS-74 mission, the flight crew, Cmdr. Kenneth Cameron, Pilot James Halsell, and Mission Specialists William McArthur, Jerry Ross, and Chris Hadfield, were awakened to the theme from the movie '2001: A Space Odyssey.' The Mir 20 cosmonauts, Cmdr. Yuri Gidzenko, Flight Engineer Sergei Avdeyev, and Cosmonaut-Researcher (ESA) Thomas Reiter, and shuttle astronauts are shown giving each other plaques and presents to commemorate their historic docking event and the start towards the development of the International Space Station. There is a press conference from Moscow by a one of the officers of the Russian Space Agency with both flight crews and an additional separate press interview of the crews by Canadian reporters. There is video footage of the two docked spacecraft taken from various angles.

  3. STS-74 flight day 5

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    1995-11-01

    On this fifth day of the STS-74 mission, the flight crew, Cmdr. Kenneth Cameron, Pilot James Halsell, and Mission Specialists William McArthur, Jerry Ross, and Chris Hatfield, were awakened to the theme from the movie 2001: A Space Odyssey'. The Mir 20 cosmonauts, Cmdr. Yuri Gidzenko, Flight Engineer Sergei Avdeyev, and Cosmonaut-Researcher (ESA) Thomas Reiter, and shuttle astronauts are shown giving each other plaques and presents to commemorate their historic docking event and the start towards the development of the International Space Station. There is a press conference from Moscow by a one of the officers of the Russian Space Agency with both flight crews and an additional separate press interview of the crews by Canadian reporters. There is video footage of the two docked spacecraft taken from various angles.

  4. Can Questionnaire Reports Correctly Classify Relationship Distress and Partner Physical Abuse?

    PubMed Central

    Heyman, Richard E.; Feldbau-Kohn, Shari R.; Ehrensaft, Miriam K.; Langhinrichsen-Rohling, Jennifer; O’Leary, K. Daniel

    2006-01-01

    Relationship adjustment (e.g., Dyadic Adjustment Scale; DAS) and physical aggression (e.g., Conflict Tactics Scale) measures are used both as screening tools and as the sole criterion for classification. This study created face valid diagnostic interviews for relationship distress and physical abuse, through which one could compare preliminarily the classification properties of questionnaire reports. The DAS (and a global measure of relationship satisfaction) had modest agreement with a structured diagnostic interview; both questionnaires tended to overdiagnose distress compared with the interview. Results for partner abuse reiterated the need to go beyond occurrence of aggression as the sole diagnostic criterion, because men’s aggression was more likely than women’s to rise to the level of “abuse” when diagnostic criteria (injury or substantial fear) were applied. PMID:11458637

  5. Moral understanding in children with autism.

    PubMed

    Grant, Cathy M; Boucher, Jill; Riggs, Kevin J; Grayson, Andrew

    2005-07-01

    Children with autism were compared with control groups on their ability to make moral judgements. Participants were presented with pairs of vignettes in which actions were either deliberate or accidental and caused injury to a person or damage to property. Participants were asked to judge which protagonist was the naughtier and to verbally justify this judgement. Results showed that the children with autism were as likely as controls to judge culpability on the basis of motive, and to judge injury to persons as more culpable than damage to property. Children with autism also offered some appropriate verbal justifications for their judgments although most justifications were of poor quality and reiterated the story. Results are discussed in terms of theory of mind and the possible role of deficits in complex reasoning and executive functions.

  6. A psychiatrist's role in “coming out” process: Context and controversies post-377

    PubMed Central

    Kalra, Gurvinder

    2012-01-01

    After the Delhi High Court judgment on reading down Section 377 Indian penal code, many individuals of alternate sexuality are wanting to come out to themselves and significant others in their lives. In this process, they often turn to psychiatrists seeking help. However the past of this specialty wherein homosexuality and other sexualities were considered a disease still haunts it with anecdotal reports of reorienting treatments continuing in certain parts of the country. While it is important to not continue with this unethical practice, at the same time, it is also important to be supportive to the issues that this and various other marginalized sexualities in our country face. This viewpoint is an attempt to reiterate certain steps that are to be followed by psychiatrists who find themselves in such clinical consultations. PMID:22556443

  7. Genetic testing in inherited polyposis syndromes - how and why?

    PubMed

    Lee, G H; Payne, S J; Melville, A; Clark, S K

    2014-08-01

    There have been recent advances in genetic testing enabling accurate diagnosis of polyposis syndromes by identifying causative gene mutations, which is essential in the management of individuals with polyposis syndrome and predictive genetic testing of their extended families. There are some similarities in clinical presentation of various polyposis syndromes, which may pose a challenge to diagnosis. In this review, we discuss the clinical presentation of the main polyposis syndromes and the process of genetic testing, including the latest advancement and future of genetic testing. We aim to reiterate the importance of genetic testing in the management of polyposis syndromes, potential pitfalls associated with genetic testing and recommendations for healthcare professionals involved with the care of polyposis patients. Colorectal Disease © 2014 The Association of Coloproctology of Great Britain and Ireland.

  8. Menopausal hormone therapy for primary prevention: why the USPSTF is wrong.

    PubMed

    Langer, R D; Simon, J A; Pines, A; Lobo, R A; Hodis, H N; Pickar, J H; Archer, D F; Sarrel, P M; Utian, W H

    2017-10-01

    The US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) Draft Recommendation statement on Menopausal Hormone Therapy: Primary Prevention for Chronic Diseases, released in May 2017, perpetuates a major disconnect between the primary population affected, women within roughly 10 years of menopause, and the data cited. Furthermore, major elements of the evidence relied upon have been misinterpreted or misstated, particularly in regard to coronary heart disease and breast cancer, for which there is no statistically significant evidence of harm. As currently drafted, the recommendations reiterate the USPSTF statements of 2012, 2005 and 2002, and will perpetuate egregious harm to the public health. In an attempt to avoid that outcome and to facilitate a return to rational discourse regarding menopausal hormone therapy, an ad hoc group of experts in menopausal health submitted this comprehensive response to the USPSTF.

  9. Inference for multivariate regression model based on multiply imputed synthetic data generated via posterior predictive sampling

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Moura, Ricardo; Sinha, Bimal; Coelho, Carlos A.

    2017-06-01

    The recent popularity of the use of synthetic data as a Statistical Disclosure Control technique has enabled the development of several methods of generating and analyzing such data, but almost always relying in asymptotic distributions and in consequence being not adequate for small sample datasets. Thus, a likelihood-based exact inference procedure is derived for the matrix of regression coefficients of the multivariate regression model, for multiply imputed synthetic data generated via Posterior Predictive Sampling. Since it is based in exact distributions this procedure may even be used in small sample datasets. Simulation studies compare the results obtained from the proposed exact inferential procedure with the results obtained from an adaptation of Reiters combination rule to multiply imputed synthetic datasets and an application to the 2000 Current Population Survey is discussed.

  10. The prevention of baseball and softball injuries.

    PubMed

    Janda, David H

    2003-04-01

    Forty million individuals participate in organized softball leagues each year in the United States. Eighteen million additional student athletes and young adults also participate in organized baseball league play. In addition to being two of the most popular team sports in the United States, they also are responsible for a significant percentage of sports-related injuries that are sustained in the United States. Fortunately, numerous interventions independently have been shown to be effective at reducing the injury scenario, which has grown to be of epidemic proportion. Interventions such as break-away bases, batting helmets, face shields on helmets, lighter mass baseballs, and teaching and reiteration of the fundamentals of softball and baseball all have been effective in preventing millions of injuries and billions of dollars in healthcare costs each year in the United States.

  11. Empirical entropic contributions in computational docking: evaluation in APS reductase complexes.

    PubMed

    Chang, Max W; Belew, Richard K; Carroll, Kate S; Olson, Arthur J; Goodsell, David S

    2008-08-01

    The results from reiterated docking experiments may be used to evaluate an empirical vibrational entropy of binding in ligand-protein complexes. We have tested several methods for evaluating the vibrational contribution to binding of 22 nucleotide analogues to the enzyme APS reductase. These include two cluster size methods that measure the probability of finding a particular conformation, a method that estimates the extent of the local energetic well by looking at the scatter of conformations within clustered results, and an RMSD-based method that uses the overall scatter and clustering of all conformations. We have also directly characterized the local energy landscape by randomly sampling around docked conformations. The simple cluster size method shows the best performance, improving the identification of correct conformations in multiple docking experiments. 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

  12. Is pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified less stable than autistic disorder? A meta-analysis.

    PubMed

    Rondeau, Emélie; Klein, Leslie S; Masse, André; Bodeau, Nicolas; Cohen, David; Guilé, Jean-Marc

    2011-09-01

    We reviewed the stability of the diagnosis of pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified (PDD-NOS). A Medline search found eight studies reiterating a diagnostic assessment for PDD-NOS. The pooled group included 322 autistic disorder (AD) and 122 PDD-NOS cases. We used percentage of individuals with same diagnose at Times 1 and 2 as response criterion. The pooled Relative Risk was 1.95 (p < 0.001) showing that AD diagnostic stability was higher than PDD-NOS. When diagnosed before 36 months PDD-NOS bore a 3-year stability rate of 35%. Examining the developmental trajectories showed that PDD-NOS corresponded to a group of heterogeneous pathological conditions including prodromic forms of later AD, remitted or less severe forms of AD, and developmental delays in interaction and communication.

  13. Hawaiian forest bird trends: using log-linear models to assess long-term trends is supported by model diagnostics and assumptions (reply to Freed and Cann 2013)

    USGS Publications Warehouse

    Camp, Richard J.; Pratt, Thane K.; Gorresen, P. Marcos; Woodworth, Bethany L.; Jeffrey, John J.

    2014-01-01

    Freed and Cann (2013) criticized our use of linear models to assess trends in the status of Hawaiian forest birds through time (Camp et al. 2009a, 2009b, 2010) by questioning our sampling scheme, whether we met model assumptions, and whether we ignored short-term changes in the population time series. In the present paper, we address these concerns and reiterate that our results do not support the position of Freed and Cann (2013) that the forest birds in the Hakalau Forest National Wildlife Refuge (NWR) are declining, or that the federally listed endangered birds are showing signs of imminent collapse. On the contrary, our data indicate that the 21-year long-term trends for native birds in Hakalau Forest NWR are stable to increasing, especially in areas that have received active management.

  14. Where was ENSO strongest?

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Cane, M. A.; Chen, D.; Kaplan, A.

    2008-12-01

    Mark A. Cane, Dake Chen, Alexey Kaplan The description of this session begins: "Historical SST records suggest that for the past three decades, ENSO has been anomalously strong" and goes on to ask why. In this talk we dispute this interpretation of the historical record from within the historical record. In particular, we suggest that the most "anomalously strong" period in the historical ENSO record is the late nineteenth century. This claim requires a discussion of how we measure "ENSO strength". We also speculate on possible reasons for the strength of ENSO in this earlier period. Finally, we consult the models, and in reiteration of the collective conclusion of all speakers at this session, find that the riddles the models provide are inelegant and disobliging, lacking the cryptic wisdom of the classical oracles.

  15. The myth of maternal transmission of spongiform encephalopathy.

    PubMed Central

    Ridley, R. M.; Baker, H. F.

    1995-01-01

    It has long been accepted that the pattern of occurrence of scrapie--the form of spongiform encephalopathy associated with sheep--is determined mainly by maternal transmission, and this view has had a profound influence on policy decisions in the control of bovine spongiform encephalopathy and on public concern over the risk to human health form this disease. The occurrence of maternal transmission is, however, not predicted by modern knowledge of the aetiology of spongiform encephalopathy, and even though claims of maternal transmission have been reiterated frequently in the literature, re-examination of the source data reveals that these data are extremely scanty, unreplicated, and probably subject to ascertainment bias. The probability of maternal transmission of spongiform encephalopathy in any species should be viewed with the greatest scepticism. Images p1073-a PMID:7580668

  16. A comparison of the absorbed fluorescent treponemal antibody (FTA-ABS) test and other screening tests for treponemal disease in patients attending a venereal disease clinic.

    PubMed

    Wilkinson, A E; Scrimgeour, G; Rodin, P

    1972-05-01

    Screening tests-absorbed fluorescent treponemal (FTA-ABS), the Reiter protein complement-fixation (RPCFT), VDRL slide test, automated reagin-and cardiolipin Wassermann reaction-were carried out on 1922 consecutive new patients attending the Whitechapel Clinic over a three-month period.Taking the FTA-ABS test results as an index, the most efficient combination of conventional tests was found to be the RPCFT and automated reagin test. The cardiolipin WR proved to be under-sensitive and of little value compared with the other tests.Forty-two per cent of the 107 sera reactive in the FTA-ABS test were not detected by the RPCFT or ART tests. An assessment based on the TPI test results and clinical findings in these patients is presented. The scope and limitations of the FTA-ABS test as a screening procedure are discussed.

  17. Recurrent group A streptococcal vulvovaginitis in adult women: family epidemiology.

    PubMed

    Sobel, Jack D; Funaro, Deana; Kaplan, Edward L

    2007-03-01

    Group A beta-hemolytic streptococcal (GAS) vulvovaginitis has been reported in prepubertal girls. In adult women, a vaginal carrier state has been described, but vulvovaginitis is rarely reported. We describe 2 cases of recurrent GAS vulvovaginitis in women whose husbands were gastrointestinal carriers of GAS. Characterization of the isolated strains demonstrated that identical emm types of GAS were shared by partners. Treatment of both partners resulted in resolution of vaginitis. On the basis of negative vaginal culture results obtained after treatment of each individual episode of vaginitis, we believe that the female patients were reinfected as a result of exposure to their husbands, with shedding likely to have occurred in bed. These cases reiterate the necessity for adequate screening of the patient's family and contacts in cases of recurrent GAS infection by culturing all potential areas of GAS carriage.

  18. Unilateral acute maculopathy associated with adult onset hand, foot and mouth disease: case report and review of literature.

    PubMed

    Agrawal, Rupesh; Bhan, Kanchan; Balaggan, Kam; Lee, Richard Wj; Pavesio, Carlos E; Addison, Peter Kf

    2015-01-01

    Acute maculopathy is a rare condition of unknown aetiology and Coxsackie virus is known to be associated with this macular chorioretinitis. We report a case of acute unilateral maculopathy in a 35-year-old woman with concurrent hand foot and mouth disease. Furthermore, we display multimodal imaging (colour fundus photographs, autofluorescence, spectral domain ocular coherence tomography, fluorescein angiography and indocyanine green angiography) charting the course of the disease. The source of the virus was thought to be the patient's child. Empirical treatment with oral corticosteroids was commenced and the inflammation resolved, leaving a residual macular scar. We present this case combined with the review of literature of adult onset Coxsackie-virus-associated retinitis. This case reiterates the fact that Coxsackie virus is an uncommon but important consideration in the differential diagnosis of chorioretinitis and posterior uveitis with atypical retinopathy.

  19. Identification of an ancient endogenous retrovirus, predating the divergence of the placental mammals.

    PubMed

    Lee, Adam; Nolan, Alison; Watson, Jason; Tristem, Michael

    2013-09-19

    The evolutionary arms race between mammals and retroviruses has long been recognized as one of the oldest host-parasite interactions. Rapid evolution rates in exogenous retroviruses have often made accurate viral age estimations highly problematic. Endogenous retroviruses (ERVs), however, integrate into the germline of their hosts, and are subjected to their evolutionary rates. This study describes, for the first time, a retroviral orthologue predating the divergence of placental mammals, giving it a minimum age of 104-110 Myr. Simultaneously, other orthologous selfish genetic elements (SGEs), inserted into the ERV sequence, provide evidence for the oldest individual mammalian-wide interspersed repeat and medium-reiteration frequency interspersed repeat mammalian repeats, with the same minimum age. The combined use of shared SGEs and reconstruction of viral orthologies defines new limits and increases maximum 'lookback' times, with subsequent implications for the field of paleovirology.

  20. Granulite belts of Central India with special reference to the Bhopalpatnam Granulite Belt: Significance in crustal evolution and implications for Columbia supercontinent

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Vansutre, Sandeep; Hari, K. R.

    2010-11-01

    The Central Indian collage incorporates the following major granulite belts: (1) the Balaghat-Bhandara Granulite Belt (BBG), (2) the Ramakona-Katangi Granulite Belt (RKG), (3) the Chhatuabhavna Granulite (CBG) of Bilaspur-Raigarh Belt, (4) the Makrohar Granulite Belt (MGB) of Mahakoshal supracrustals, (5) the Kondagaon Granulite Belt (KGGB), (6) the Bhopalpatnam Granulite Belt (BGB), (7) the Konta Granulite Belt (KTGB) and (8) the Karimnagar Granulite Belt (KNGB) of the East Dharwar Craton (EDC). We briefly synthesize the general geologic, petrologic and geochronologic features of these belts and explain the Precambrian crustal evolution in Central India. On the basis of the available data, a collisional relationship between Bastar craton and the EDC during the Paleo-Mesoproterozoic is reiterated as proposed by the earlier workers. The tectonic evolution of only few of the orogenic belts (BGB in particular) of Central India is related to Columbia.

  1. Tectonic-karstic origin of the alleged "impact crater" of Lake Isli (Imilchil district, High Atlas, Morocco)

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Ibouh, Hassan; Michard, André; Charrière, André; Benkaddour, Abdelfattah; Rhoujjati, Ali

    2014-03-01

    The scenic lakes Tislit and Isli of the Imilchil area in the central High Atlas of Morocco have been recently promoted to the rank of "dual impact crater" by a group of geoscientists. This was promptly denied by a group of meteorite specialists, but the first team reiterated their impact crater interpretation, now restricted to Lake Isli. This alleged 40-kyr-old impact crater would be associated with the Agoudal meteorite recognized further in the southeast. Here, we show that the lake formed during the Lowe-Middle Pleistocene in a small Pliocene (?) pull-apart basin through additional collapsing due to karst phenomena in the underlying limestones. This compares with the formation of a number of lakes of the Atlas Mountains. None of the "proofs" produced in support of a meteoritic origin of Lake Isli coincides with the geology of the area.

  2. KSC-06pd1038

    NASA Image and Video Library

    2006-06-13

    KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. - During a break in the rain storms from Tropical Storm Alberto, the STS-121 crew arrives at NASA's Kennedy Space Center aboard a Grumman G2 aircraft to take part in a Terminal Countdown Demonstration Test, or TCDT. Greeting the crew is Shuttle Launch Director Mike Leinbach, here shaking hands with Mission Specialist Thomas Reiter, who represents the European Space Agency. Other crew members are Mission Commander Steven Lindsey, Pilot Mark Kelly, and Mission Specialists Piers Sellers, Michael Fossum, Lisa Nowak and Stephanie Wilson. Over several days, the crew will practice emergency egress from the pad and suit up in their orange flight suits for the simulated countdown to launch. Space Shuttle Discovery is designated to launch July 1 on mission STS-121. It will carry supplies to the International Space Station. Photo credit: NASA/Kim Shiflett

  3. The relationships between mothers' work pathways and physical and mental health.

    PubMed

    Frech, Adrianne; Damaske, Sarah

    2012-01-01

    We contribute to research on the relationships between gender, work, and health by using longitudinal, theoretically driven models of mothers' diverse work pathways and adjusting for unequal selection into these pathways. Using the National Longitudinal Study of Youth-1979 (N = 2,540), we find full-time, continuous employment following a first birth is associated with significantly better health at age 40 than part-time work, paid work interrupted by unemployment, and unpaid work in the home. Part-time workers with little unemployment report significantly better health at age 40 than mothers experiencing persistent unemployment. These relationships remain after accounting for the unequal selection of more advantaged mothers into full-time, continuous employment, suggesting full-time workers benefit from cumulating advantages across the life course and reiterating the need to disentangle health benefits associated with work from those associated with pre-pregnancy characteristics.

  4. The Relationships between Mothers’ Work Pathways and Physical and Mental Health*

    PubMed Central

    Frech, Adrianne; Damaske, Sarah

    2014-01-01

    We contribute to research on the relationships between gender, work and health by using longitudinal, theoretically driven models of mothers’ diverse work pathways and adjusting for unequal selection into these pathways. Using the NLSY79 (N=2,540), we find full-time, continuous employment following a first birth is associated with significantly better health at age forty than part-time work, paid work interrupted by unemployment, and unpaid work in the home. Part-time workers with little unemployment report significantly better health at age forty than mothers experiencing persistent unemployment. These relationships remain after accounting for the unequal selection of more advantaged mothers into full-time, continuous employment, suggesting full-time workers benefit from cumulating advantages across the life course and reiterating the need to disentangle health benefits associated with work from those associated with pre-pregnancy characteristics. PMID:23197483

  5. Same-Sex Parenting: Identification of Social Representations in a Sample of Portuguese Professionals.

    PubMed

    Xavier, Paula; Alberto, Isabel; Mendes, Francisco

    2017-11-14

    Although international scientific research and the position of professional associations reiterate that the parents' sexual orientation is not a criterion of parenting quality, the social recognition of same-sex parenting remains difficult in Portugal. Given the importance of forensic issues in this field, this study aims to identify the representations of psychologists, social workers, lawyers/attorneys, and judges regarding same-sex parenting. The study involves five homogeneous focus groups with a total of 19 professionals. Content analysis reveals reservations regarding same-sex couples' access to parenting, in particular among lawyers/attorneys. There also emerged narratives that highlight specific competencies in these families and that argue that sexual orientation does not define the quality of parenting. Social narratives are more expressive than scientific knowledge in support of professional representations. These findings have critical implications for professional practice and formation.

  6. The value of support for aid workers in complex emergencies: a phenomenological study.

    PubMed

    Hearns, Annette; Deeny, Pat

    2007-01-01

    More disasters worldwide are now classified as complex emergencies, thereby increasing the threat to life and limb and potentially increasing the psychosocial impact of the experience for aid workers. This study examines the concept of support as perceived by aid workers who had recent experience in complex emergencies. Using a phenomenological approach, 6 professional aid workers were interviewed about their experience. Aid workers who work in complex emergencies do not feel supported at the pre-deployment, during deployment, and after deployment phases. Failure to provide this support may cause disappointment, reduced self-worth, anger with the organization, and feeling of lack of achievement regarding self and the mission. While the study may be limited by the volunteer sample and potential bias in data collection, the findings reiterate a proverbial but important issue in relation to aid relief staff in complex emergencies.

  7. [VI Ibero-American Summit of heads of state and government: Declaration of Viña del Mar].

    PubMed

    1997-09-01

    The leaders of 21 Ibero-American countries came to Viña del Mar (Chile) for the sixth meeting of the now-traditional Ibero-American Summits. The Declaration that resulted from the Summit reiterated the commitment of these nations to the principles of democracy, the rule of law, and political pluralism. The development of efficient and participatory systems of democratic government was one of the most important of the topics dealt with at the meeting and served as the framework for the discussion and the search for solutions to common problems, such as poverty, arms trafficking, unequal opportunity for men and women, and inappropriate government practices. The leaders also supported a series of initiatives and international programs in the technological and cultural arenas that will strengthen the ties and unite the Spanish- and Portuguese-speaking countries.

  8. Chemical Consequences of Radioactive Decay and their Biological Implications.

    PubMed

    DeJesus, Onofre T

    2017-11-10

    The chemical effects of radioactive decay arise from (1) transmutation, (2) formation of charged daughter nuclei, (3) recoil of the daughter nuclei, (4) electron "shakeoff" phenomenon and (5) vacancy cascade in decays via electron capture and internal conversion. This review aims to reiterate what has been known for a long time regarding the chemical consequences of radioactive decay and gives a historical perspective to the observations that led to their elucidation. The energetics of the recoil process in each decay mode is discussed in relation to the chemical bond between the decaying nucleus and the parent molecule. Special attention is given to the biological effects of the Auger process following decay by electron capture and internal conversion because of their possible utility in internal radiotherapy. Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at epub@benthamscience.org.

  9. Flexible queers, serious bodies: transgender inclusion in queer spaces.

    PubMed

    Stone, Amy L

    2013-01-01

    Queer spaces are significant for understanding transgender inclusion as "queer spaces were places where individuals were expected to be attentive to or aware of alternative possibilities for being, including non-normative formulations of bodies, genders, desires and practices" ( Nash, 2011 , p. 203). Indeed, in this interview study of members of a queer leather group called the Club, members described a flexible "sexual landscape" that easily includes transgender members. However, these same queer spaces have been criticized for the way they regulate queer bodies and organize queer subjectivities. In this study, queer members of the Club also contrasted playful queer flexibility with serious transgender bodies. This article argues that, although there is a reiterative relation between transgender inclusion and queer spaces, the idealization of flexibility within queer spaces can also serve to marginalize and regulate transgender bodies.

  10. Rb1 haploinsufficiency promotes telomere attrition and radiation-induced genomic instability.

    PubMed

    Gonzalez-Vasconcellos, Iria; Anastasov, Natasa; Sanli-Bonazzi, Bahar; Klymenko, Olena; Atkinson, Michael J; Rosemann, Michael

    2013-07-15

    Germline mutations of the retinoblastoma gene (RB1) predispose to both sporadic and radiation-induced osteosarcoma, tumors characterized by high levels of genomic instability, and activation of alternative lengthening of telomeres. Mice with haploinsufficiency of the Rb1 gene in the osteoblastic lineage reiterate the radiation susceptibility to osteosarcoma seen in patients with germline RB1 mutations. We show that the susceptibility is accompanied by an increase in genomic instability, resulting from Rb1-dependent telomere erosion. Radiation exposure did not accelerate the rate of telomere loss but amplified the genomic instability resulting from the dysfunctional telomeres. These findings suggest that telomere maintenance is a noncanonical caretaker function of the retinoblastoma protein, such that its deficiency in cancer may potentiate DNA damage-induced carcinogenesis by promoting formation of chromosomal aberrations, rather than simply by affecting cell-cycle control. ©2013 AACR.

  11. Conductivity studies of PEG based polymer electrolyte for applications as electrolyte in ion batteries

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Patil, Ravikumar V.; Praveen, D.; Damle, R.

    2018-05-01

    Development of lithium ion batteries employing solid polymer electrolytes as electrolyte material has led to efficient energy storage and usage in many portable devices. However, due to a few drawbacks like lower ionic conductivity of solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs), studies on SPEs for improvement in conductivity still have a good scope. In the present paper, we report the conductivity studies of a new SPE with low molecular weight poly ethylene glycol (PEG) as host polymer in which a salt with larger anion Lithium trifluro methane sulphonate (LTMS). XRD studies have revealed that the salt completely dissociates in the polymer giving a good stable electrolyte at lower salt concentration. Conductivity of the SPEs has been studied as a function of temperature and we reiterate that the conductivity is a thermally activated process and follows Arrhenius type behavior.

  12. Conclusion: Agency in the face of complexity and the future of assumption-aware evaluation practice.

    PubMed

    Morrow, Nathan; Nkwake, Apollo M

    2016-12-01

    This final chapter in the volume pulls together common themes from the diverse set of articles by a group of eight authors in this issue, and presents some reflections on the next steps for improving the ways in which evaluators work with assumptions. Collectively, the authors provide a broad overview of existing and emerging approaches to the articulation and use of assumptions in evaluation theory and practice. The authors reiterate the rationale and key terminology as a common basis for working with assumption in program design and evaluation. They highlight some useful concepts and categorizations to promote more rigorous treatment of assumptions in evaluation. A three-tier framework for fostering agency for assumption-aware evaluation practice is proposed-agency for themselves (evaluators); agency for others (stakeholders); and agency for standards and principles. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  13. Possible origin and roles of nano-porosity in ZrO2 scales for hydrogen pick-up in Zr alloys

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Lindgren, Mikaela; Geers, Christine; Panas, Itai

    2017-08-01

    A mechanistic understanding of Wagnerian build-up and subsequent non-Wagnerian break-down of barrier oxide upon oxidation of zirconium alloys by water is reiterated. Hydrogen assisted build-up of nano-porosity is addressed. Growth of sub-nanometer wide stalactitic pores owing to increasing aggregation of neutral oxygen vacancies offering a means to permeate hydrogen into the alloy is explored by density functional theory. The Wagnerian channel utilizes charge separation allowing charged oxygen vacancies and electrons to move separately from nominal anode to nominal cathode. This process becomes increasingly controlled by the charging of the barrier oxide resulting in sub-parabolic rate law for oxide growth. The break-down of the barrier oxide is understood to be preceded by avalanching hydrogen pick-up in the alloy. Pore mediated diffusion allows water to effectively short circuit the barrier oxide.

  14. Opposition to the American leadership by Brazilian nurses (1934-1938).

    PubMed

    Santos, Tânia Cristina Franco; Lopes, Gertrudes Teixeira; Porto, Fernando; da Fonte, Aline Silva

    2008-01-01

    A historical social descriptive study whose objective is to describe the circumstances where Bertha Pullen assumes as the dean of Anna Nery Nursing School, to assess the strategies undertaken by Pullen to assure her position of power and prestige in the space of the school and Brazilian nursing; and to discuss about the resistance to the presence and authority of the American dean for the nurses and students, in the struggle for a national identity. Corpus analysis was made by putting photographs into context based on written documents and secondary sources. The second management of Pullen was the reiteration of the American presence in the leadership of the School, despite the resistance of the nurses and students. Thus, we may assume that the second tenure of Pullen did not represent a real need that was felt by the school.

  15. Irreversibility of advanced osteoporosis: Limited role for pharmacologic intervention

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Parfitt, A. M.

    1994-01-01

    Osteoporosis is of medical interest only because it increases bone fragility and risk of fracture, and except for relief of symptoms, preventing fracture is the only purpose of intervention. To prevent the first fracture, adequate bone density must be accumulated and conserved, but to prevent subsequent fracture, bone density must be augmented so that the supportive function of the skeleton can be restored. Almost 50 years after the recognition of post menopausal osteoporosis as a clinical entity, not one of the many treatments that have been used has been demonstrated to be efficacious in reducing subsequent fracture risk. My purpose is not to recite this chronicle of disappointment, but to account for it in terms of bone biology, to consider some possible exceptions, and to reiterate the importance of preventing damage to the skeleton rather than belatedly attempting its repair.

  16. A queer day in Canada: examining Canadian high school students' experiences with school-based homophobia in two large-scale studies.

    PubMed

    Peter, Tracey; Taylor, Catherine; Chamberland, Line

    2015-01-01

    The goal of the study is to examine how location (nationally, compared to Canadian regions) is related to indicators of a hostile school environment for sexual minority youth, particularly when physical abuse is used as the outcome variable. Data representing 5,766 Canadian students were analyzed using bivariate and multivariate techniques. Results from the multivariate analyses showed that non-physical abuse was the most significant predictor of homophobically based physical abuse, for both LGBQ and non-LGBQ students. Findings reiterate the importance of considering the progression of harmful events as an escalation of violence as well as the need to view homophobic bullying as having a significant impact on all students. Finally, while the presence of homophobia is prevalent across all Canadian regions, there are, nevertheless, many regional differences, which could be used to inform region-specific action plans.

  17. The impact of targeting repetitive BamHI-W sequences on the sensitivity and precision of EBV DNA quantification.

    PubMed

    Sanosyan, Armen; Fayd'herbe de Maudave, Alexis; Bollore, Karine; Zimmermann, Valérie; Foulongne, Vincent; Van de Perre, Philippe; Tuaillon, Edouard

    2017-01-01

    Viral load monitoring and early Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) DNA detection are essential in routine laboratory testing, especially in preemptive management of Post-transplant Lymphoproliferative Disorder. Targeting the repetitive BamHI-W sequence was shown to increase the sensitivity of EBV DNA quantification, but the variability of BamHI-W reiterations was suggested to be a source of quantification bias. We aimed to assess the extent of variability associated with BamHI-W PCR and its impact on the sensitivity of EBV DNA quantification using the 1st WHO international standard, EBV strains and clinical samples. Repetitive BamHI-W- and LMP2 single- sequences were amplified by in-house qPCRs and BXLF-1 sequence by a commercial assay (EBV R-gene™, BioMerieux). Linearity and limits of detection of in-house methods were assessed. The impact of repeated versus single target sequences on EBV DNA quantification precision was tested on B95.8 and Raji cell lines, possessing 11 and 7 copies of the BamHI-W sequence, respectively, and on clinical samples. BamHI-W qPCR demonstrated a lower limit of detection compared to LMP2 qPCR (2.33 log10 versus 3.08 log10 IU/mL; P = 0.0002). BamHI-W qPCR underestimated the EBV DNA load on Raji strain which contained fewer BamHI-W copies than the WHO standard derived from the B95.8 EBV strain (mean bias: - 0.21 log10; 95% CI, -0.54 to 0.12). Comparison of BamHI-W qPCR versus LMP2 and BXLF-1 qPCR showed an acceptable variability between EBV DNA levels in clinical samples with the mean bias being within 0.5 log10 IU/mL EBV DNA, whereas a better quantitative concordance was observed between LMP2 and BXLF-1 assays. Targeting BamHI-W resulted to a higher sensitivity compared to LMP2 but the variable reiterations of BamHI-W segment are associated with higher quantification variability. BamHI-W can be considered for clinical and therapeutic monitoring to detect an early EBV DNA and a dynamic change in viral load.

  18. The impact of targeting repetitive BamHI-W sequences on the sensitivity and precision of EBV DNA quantification

    PubMed Central

    Fayd’herbe de Maudave, Alexis; Bollore, Karine; Zimmermann, Valérie; Foulongne, Vincent; Van de Perre, Philippe; Tuaillon, Edouard

    2017-01-01

    Background Viral load monitoring and early Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) DNA detection are essential in routine laboratory testing, especially in preemptive management of Post-transplant Lymphoproliferative Disorder. Targeting the repetitive BamHI-W sequence was shown to increase the sensitivity of EBV DNA quantification, but the variability of BamHI-W reiterations was suggested to be a source of quantification bias. We aimed to assess the extent of variability associated with BamHI-W PCR and its impact on the sensitivity of EBV DNA quantification using the 1st WHO international standard, EBV strains and clinical samples. Methods Repetitive BamHI-W- and LMP2 single- sequences were amplified by in-house qPCRs and BXLF-1 sequence by a commercial assay (EBV R-gene™, BioMerieux). Linearity and limits of detection of in-house methods were assessed. The impact of repeated versus single target sequences on EBV DNA quantification precision was tested on B95.8 and Raji cell lines, possessing 11 and 7 copies of the BamHI-W sequence, respectively, and on clinical samples. Results BamHI-W qPCR demonstrated a lower limit of detection compared to LMP2 qPCR (2.33 log10 versus 3.08 log10 IU/mL; P = 0.0002). BamHI-W qPCR underestimated the EBV DNA load on Raji strain which contained fewer BamHI-W copies than the WHO standard derived from the B95.8 EBV strain (mean bias: - 0.21 log10; 95% CI, -0.54 to 0.12). Comparison of BamHI-W qPCR versus LMP2 and BXLF-1 qPCR showed an acceptable variability between EBV DNA levels in clinical samples with the mean bias being within 0.5 log10 IU/mL EBV DNA, whereas a better quantitative concordance was observed between LMP2 and BXLF-1 assays. Conclusions Targeting BamHI-W resulted to a higher sensitivity compared to LMP2 but the variable reiterations of BamHI-W segment are associated with higher quantification variability. BamHI-W can be considered for clinical and therapeutic monitoring to detect an early EBV DNA and a dynamic change in viral load

  19. The pivotal role of aristaless in development and evolution of diverse antennal morphologies in moths and butterflies.

    PubMed

    Ando, Toshiya; Fujiwara, Haruhiko; Kojima, Tetsuya

    2018-01-25

    Antennae are multi-segmented appendages and main odor-sensing organs in insects. In Lepidoptera (moths and butterflies), antennal morphologies have diversified according to their ecological requirements. While diurnal butterflies have simple, rod-shaped antennae, nocturnal moths have antennae with protrusions or lateral branches on each antennal segment for high-sensitive pheromone detection. A previous study on the Bombyx mori (silk moth) antenna, forming two lateral branches per segment, during metamorphosis has revealed the dramatic change in expression of antennal patterning genes to segmentally reiterated, branch-associated pattern and abundant proliferation of cells contributing almost all the dorsal half of the lateral branch. Thus, localized cell proliferation possibly controlled by the branch-associated expression of antennal patterning genes is implicated in lateral branch formation. Yet, actual gene function in lateral branch formation in Bombyx mori and evolutionary mechanism of various antennal morphologies in Lepidoptera remain elusive. We investigated the function of several genes and signaling specifically in lateral branch formation in Bombyx mori by the electroporation-mediated incorporation of siRNAs or morpholino oligomers. Knock down of aristaless, a homeobox gene expressed specifically in the region of abundant cell proliferation within each antennal segment, during metamorphosis resulted in missing or substantial shortening of lateral branches, indicating its importance for lateral branch formation. aristaless expression during metamorphosis was lost by knock down of Distal-less and WNT signaling but derepressed by knock down of Notch signaling, suggesting the strict determination of the aristaless expression domain within each antennal segment by the combinatorial action of them. In addition, analyses of pupal aristaless expression in antennae with various morphologies of several lepidopteran species revealed that the aristaless expression

  20. Psychology and neuroscience: How close are we to an integrative perspective? Reply to Staats (2016) and Tryon (2016).

    PubMed

    Schwartz, Seth J; Lilienfeld, Scott O; Meca, Alan; Sauvigné, Katheryn C

    2016-12-01

    This article responds to commentaries written by Warren Tryon (2016) and Arthur Staats (2016) concerning Schwartz, Lilienfeld, Meca, and Sauvigné (2016). In this reply, we reiterate our key thesis-that psychology, and the problems it addresses, are likely best approached from multiple levels of analysis. Unlike Tryon, we are not convinced that neural networks and computational neuroscience provide a single template through which all of psychology can be integrated. We are in agreement with Staats that attempts to reduce psychological phenomena to neural events alone are likely to be misleading and unproductive. One important example where such reductionism has been alive and well is addiction, where prominent biomedical models have defined addiction as a "brain disease." Our reply article concludes by arguing that a multilevel approach to psychology is essential in guiding hiring practices, funding agency priorities, and training students. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved).

  1. Progressive Recruitment of Mesenchymal Progenitors Reveals a Time-Dependent Process of Cell Fate Acquisition in Mouse and Human Nephrogenesis.

    PubMed

    Lindström, Nils O; De Sena Brandine, Guilherme; Tran, Tracy; Ransick, Andrew; Suh, Gio; Guo, Jinjin; Kim, Albert D; Parvez, Riana K; Ruffins, Seth W; Rutledge, Elisabeth A; Thornton, Matthew E; Grubbs, Brendan; McMahon, Jill A; Smith, Andrew D; McMahon, Andrew P

    2018-06-04

    Mammalian nephrons arise from a limited nephron progenitor pool through a reiterative inductive process extending over days (mouse) or weeks (human) of kidney development. Here, we present evidence that human nephron patterning reflects a time-dependent process of recruitment of mesenchymal progenitors into an epithelial nephron precursor. Progressive recruitment predicted from high-resolution image analysis and three-dimensional reconstruction of human nephrogenesis was confirmed through direct visualization and cell fate analysis of mouse kidney organ cultures. Single-cell RNA sequencing of the human nephrogenic niche provided molecular insights into these early patterning processes and predicted developmental trajectories adopted by nephron progenitor cells in forming segment-specific domains of the human nephron. The temporal-recruitment model for nephron polarity and patterning suggested by direct analysis of human kidney development provides a framework for integrating signaling pathways driving mammalian nephrogenesis. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  2. The role of responsibility and fear of guilt in hypothesis-testing.

    PubMed

    Mancini, Francesco; Gangemi, Amelia

    2006-12-01

    Recent theories argue that both perceived responsibility and fear of guilt increase obsessive-like behaviours. We propose that hypothesis-testing might account for this effect. Both perceived responsibility and fear of guilt would influence subjects' hypothesis-testing, by inducing a prudential style. This style implies focusing on and confirming the worst hypothesis, and reiterating the testing process. In our experiment, we manipulated the responsibility and fear of guilt of 236 normal volunteers who executed a deductive task. The results show that perceived responsibility is the main factor that influenced individuals' hypothesis-testing. Fear of guilt has however a significant additive effect. Guilt-fearing participants preferred to carry on with the diagnostic process, even when faced with initial favourable evidence, whereas participants in the responsibility condition only did so when confronted with an unfavourable evidence. Implications for the understanding of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) are discussed.

  3. High throughput optical lithography by scanning a massive array of bowtie aperture antennas at near-field

    PubMed Central

    Wen, X.; Datta, A.; Traverso, L. M.; Pan, L.; Xu, X.; Moon, E. E.

    2015-01-01

    Optical lithography, the enabling process for defining features, has been widely used in semiconductor industry and many other nanotechnology applications. Advances of nanotechnology require developments of high-throughput optical lithography capabilities to overcome the optical diffraction limit and meet the ever-decreasing device dimensions. We report our recent experimental advancements to scale up diffraction unlimited optical lithography in a massive scale using the near field nanolithography capabilities of bowtie apertures. A record number of near-field optical elements, an array of 1,024 bowtie antenna apertures, are simultaneously employed to generate a large number of patterns by carefully controlling their working distances over the entire array using an optical gap metrology system. Our experimental results reiterated the ability of using massively-parallel near-field devices to achieve high-throughput optical nanolithography, which can be promising for many important nanotechnology applications such as computation, data storage, communication, and energy. PMID:26525906

  4. In vitro cell response of Treponema pallidum-infected rabbits. III. Impairment in production of lymphocyte mitogenic factor.

    PubMed Central

    Wicher, V; Wicher, K

    1977-01-01

    Production of mitogenic factor was examined in rabbits infected intratesticularly with T. pallidum and in control animals injected with saline or saline extract of normal rabbits' testes. Lymph nodes and spleen from animals killed 2, 6 and 12 weeks after injection were used as the source of lymphocytes, cultured in serum-free medium in the presence of Reiter antigen. The active supernatants of lymph node cells (LNAS) and spleen cells (SPAS) were examined for the presence of mitogenic factor using normal rabbit peripheral lymphocytes. The LNAS of control animals showed a mitogenic index (MI) between 4 and 6 and the infected animals less than 2. The SPAS of infected and control rabbits showed an MI of less than 2. The lower mitogenicity in LNAS of infected and that of SPAS of infected and control animals seems to be due to the presence of inhibitors of DNA synthesis. PMID:303968

  5. Professional challenges in cancer genetic testing: who is the patient?

    PubMed

    Chan-Smutko, Gayun; Patel, Devanshi; Shannon, Kristen M; Ryan, Paula D

    2008-03-01

    In the genetic counseling setting, the health care provider can be challenged by opposing duties to members of the same family: protecting the privacy of the patient identified with a gene mutation and the ethical obligation to warn at-risk relatives. In a situation of nondisclosure between members of a family with a known disease-predisposing mutation, this type of dilemma can present in acute form for the provider who cares for different members of the family. This can hinder effective medical decision making. To minimize this effect, we recommend detailed pretest genetic counseling steps to empower the patient to communicate with their at-risk relatives their intent to pursue testing and willingness to share information. In addition, post-test counseling should reiterate the implications of a positive result for at-risk relatives and conclude with a written summary that patients can share with their family.

  6. KSC-06pd1387

    NASA Image and Video Library

    2006-07-04

    KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. - Trying a third time for launch, and still smiling, the STS-121 crew gathers again for the traditional breakfast before suiting up. Seated left to right are Mission Specialists Piers Sellers and Michael Fossum, Pilot Mark Kelly, Commander Steven Lindsey, and Mission Specialists Lisa Nowak, Stephanie Wilson and Thomas Reiter, who represents the European Space Agency. The July 2 launch attempt was scrubbed due to the presence of showers and thunderstorms within the surrounding area of the launch site. The launch of Space Shuttle Discovery on mission STS-121 is the 115th shuttle flight and the 18th U.S. flight to the International Space Station. During the 12-day mission, the STS-121 crew will test new equipment and procedures to improve shuttle safety, as well as deliver supplies and make repairs to the International Space Station. Photo credit: NASA/Kim Shiflett

  7. Philosophy and nursing.

    PubMed

    Griffin, A P

    1980-05-01

    It is claimed that philosophy has a distinctive contribution to make to the education of nurses and their teachers, as well as to the development of nursing theory and research. After a brief characterization of philosophy and philosophy of education, stressing its relationship with thinking processes, and the development of personal values, the above claim is supported in the body of the article by discussion of four central concerns in nursing. First the concept of caring where cognitive, moral and attitudinal aspects are examined and secondly, the importance of gaining a moral and political consciousness of assumptions underlying a nurse's work. Thirdly, a discussion of some ethical and other implications in adopting a systems approach to the nursing process. Finally an anlysis of nursing theory and research which draws attention to the value of non-empirical work, and reiterates criticisms of the objectives approach as a research tool.

  8. Streptococcus equi Infections in Horses: Guidelines for Treatment, Control, and Prevention of Strangles—Revised Consensus Statement

    PubMed Central

    Timoney, J.F.; Newton, J.R.; Hines, M.T.; Waller, A.S.; Buchanan, B.R.

    2018-01-01

    This consensus statement update reflects our current published knowledge and opinion about clinical signs, pathogenesis, epidemiology, treatment, complications, and control of strangles. This updated statement emphasizes varying presentations in the context of existing underlying immunity and carrier states of strangles in the transmission of disease. The statement redefines the “gold standard” for detection of possible infection and reviews the new technologies available in polymerase chain reaction diagnosis and serology and their use in outbreak control and prevention. We reiterate the importance of judicious use of antibiotics in horses with strangles. This updated consensus statement reviews current vaccine technology and the importance of linking vaccination with currently advocated disease control and prevention programs to facilitate the eradication of endemic infections while safely maintaining herd immunity. Differentiation between immune responses to primary and repeated exposure of subclinically infected animals and responses induced by vaccination is also addressed. PMID:29424487

  9. The past as a work in progress.

    PubMed

    Fara, Patricia

    2018-03-01

    Originating as a presidential address during the seventieth birthday celebrations of the British Society for the History of Science, this essay reiterates the society's long-standing commitment to academic autonomy and international cooperation. Drawing examples from my own research into female scientists and doctors during the First World War, I explore how narratives written by historians are related to their own lives, both past and present. In particular, I consider the influences on me of my childhood reading, my experiences as a physics graduate who deliberately left the world of science, and my involvement in programmes to improve the position of women in science. In my opinion, being a historian implies being socially engaged: the BSHS and its members have a responsibility towards the future as well as the past. Life can only be understood backwards; but it must be lived forwards. Søren Kierkegaard, Journals and Papers, 1843.

  10. An assessment of safety climate, job satisfaction and turnover intention relationships using a national sample of workers from the USA.

    PubMed

    Smith, Todd D

    2018-03-01

    The association between safety climate, job satisfaction and turnover intention has not been thoroughly researched. This research is needed so that safety researchers and practitioners can begin to delineate the impact of safety on organizational and business outcomes. A path analysis was completed using data from a national sample of workers from the USA (n = 1525). The overall fit of the model was excellent and analyses determined that both training and resource adequacy positively affected safety climate and job satisfaction. Safety climate also positively influenced job satisfaction. Both safety climate and job satisfaction were negatively associated with respondents' turnover intention. In the study, the relationship between job satisfaction and turnover intention is reiterated in a sample of workers across many industries. This study is novel because it is one of the first studies to confirm that turnover intention is reduced with increased safety climate in a diverse sample of workers.

  11. Performative Rituals for Conception and Childbirth in England, 900–1500

    PubMed Central

    Jones, Peter Murray; Olsan, Lea T

    2015-01-01

    Summary This study proposes that performative rituals—that is, verbal and physical acts that reiterate prior uses—enabled medieval women and men to negotiate the dangers and difficulties of conception and childbirth. It analyzes the rituals implicated in charms, prayers, amulets, and prayer rolls and traces the circulation of such rituals within medieval English society. Manuscript records from the Anglo-Saxon period to the late Middle Ages offer evidence of the interaction of oral and written means of communicating these rituals. Certain rituals were long-lived, though variants were introduced over time that reflected changing religious attitudes and the involvement of various interested parties, including local healers, doctors, and medical practitioners, as well as monks, friars, and users of vernacular remedy books. Although many of those who recommended or provided assistance through performative rituals were males, the practices often devolved upon women themselves, and their female companions or attendants. PMID:26521667

  12. Clinton advocates for Law of the Sea treaty

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Showstack, Randy

    The Obama administration recently reiterated its call for the United States to ratify the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea. U.S. secretary of state Hillary Clinton, who expressed strong support for the Law of the Sea treaty during her Senate confirmation hearing in 2009, again called for passage of the treaty during 15 December remarks at a business roundtable in Washington, D. C., sponsored by the Pew Charitable Trusts. "Signing on to the convention is critical to protecting American security and enhancing our economic strength," she said, noting that the U.S. ratification of the treaty would protect American business interests by providing "legal certainty and predictability that businesses can rely on." The treaty—which also touches on a wide range of other issues including navigation, conservation and management of resources, and scientific research—is opposed by some who are concerned about the undermining of national sovereignty.

  13. Health promotion and disease prevention through sanitation education in South African Zulu and Xhosa women.

    PubMed

    Smith, Maria A; Garbharran, Hari; Edwards, M Jo; O'Hara-Murdock, Peggy

    2004-01-01

    Poor sanitation and hygiene facilitate transmission of environmental diseases and pose a threat to the health of South African residents. This study focused on identifying sanitation needs from the perspective of informal community residents, addressing need related issues, and empowering Zulu and Xhosa women. The study used a multistep approach to identify and access communities of interest, reflexive critique during data collection from 300 heads of households, and a reiterative process to identify major themes. A process, which impacted 1,467 residents, was developed; it included culturally sensitive presentation styles and educational materials that facilitated understanding of sanitation concepts. Main sanitation themes were health knowledge and community role models. Educational sessions incorporated women. Using women as educators elevated their status and validated their community importance. Project participation added to the educational background of the Zulu and Xhosa women. It empowered them and provided an opportunity for them to articulate community needs.

  14. Sex determination in insects: a binary decision based on alternative splicing.

    PubMed

    Salz, Helen K

    2011-08-01

    The gene regulatory networks that control sex determination vary between species. Despite these differences, comparative studies in insects have found that alternative splicing is reiteratively used in evolution to control expression of the key sex-determining genes. Sex determination is best understood in Drosophila where activation of the RNA binding protein-encoding gene Sex-lethal is the central female-determining event. Sex-lethal serves as a genetic switch because once activated it controls its own expression by a positive feedback splicing mechanism. Sex fate choice in is also maintained by self-sustaining positive feedback splicing mechanisms in other dipteran and hymenopteran insects, although different RNA binding protein-encoding genes function as the binary switch. Studies exploring the mechanisms of sex-specific splicing have revealed the extent to which sex determination is integrated with other developmental regulatory networks. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  15. Epilogue: Reading Comprehension Is Not a Single Ability-Implications for Assessment and Instruction.

    PubMed

    Kamhi, Alan G; Catts, Hugh W

    2017-04-20

    In this epilogue, we review the 4 response articles and highlight the implications of a multidimensional view of reading for the assessment and instruction of reading comprehension. We reiterate the problems with standardized tests of reading comprehension and discuss the advantages and disadvantages of recently developed authentic tests of reading comprehension. In the "Instruction" section, we review the benefits and limitations of strategy instruction and highlight suggestions from the response articles to improve content and language knowledge. We argue that the only compelling reason to administer a standardized test of reading comprehension is when these tests are necessary to qualify students for special education services. Instruction should be focused on content knowledge, language knowledge, and specific task and learning requirements. This instruction may entail the use of comprehension strategies, particularly those that are specific to the task and focus on integrating new knowledge with prior knowledge.

  16. Coming to terms about describing Golden Eagle reproduction

    USGS Publications Warehouse

    Steenhof, Karen; Kochert, Michael N.; McIntyre, Carol L.; Brown, Jessi L.

    2017-01-01

    Clearly defined terms are essential for reporting and understanding research findings, and inconsistent terminology can complicate efforts to compare findings from different studies. In this article, we reiterate and clarify recommended terms for describing Golden Eagle (Aquila chrysaetos) territory occupancy and reproduction. Several authors have provided recommendations for reporting data on raptor reproduction, but our literature review showed that authors continue to use different, often ambiguous and undefined, terms. The inconsistent use of terminology by researchers has been continued and expanded by lawmakers, regulators, and managers, perpetuating confusion. We recommend that authors clearly define and reference all terminology that they use, and we caution against use of the term “active” to describe a nest or nesting territory, because it is tainted with a history of inconsistent use. We provide a glossary of recommended terms for Golden Eagles and other large, long-lived raptors.

  17. BRANCHING PATTERNS OF INDIVIDUAL SYMPATHETIC NEURONS IN CULTURE

    PubMed Central

    Bray, D.

    1973-01-01

    The growth of single sympathetic neurons in tissue culture was examined with particular regard to the way in which the patterns of axonal or dendritic processes (here called nerve fibers), were formed. The tips of the fibers were seen to advance in straight lines and to grow at rates that did not vary appreciably with time, with their position in the cell outgrowth, or with the fiber diameter. Most of the branch points were formed by the bifurcation of a fiber tip (growth cone), apparently at random, and thereafter remained at about the same distance from the cell body. It seemed that the final shape of a neuron was the result of the reiterated and largely autonomous activities of the growth cones. The other parts of the cell played a supportive role but, apart from this, had no obvious influence on the final pattern of branches formed. PMID:4687915

  18. Effect of rational and irrational statements on intensity and 'inappropriateness' of emotional distress and irrational beliefs in psychotherapy patients.

    PubMed

    Cramer, D; Kupshik, G

    1993-09-01

    Ellis's rational-emotive theory postulates that since irrational statements augment emotional distress, replacing irrational with rational statements should lessen distress. This hypothesis was tested in the initial stages of psychotherapy by having 13 and 14 clinical out-patients respectively repeat for one minute either rational or irrational statements about their major presenting psychological problem. The distinction by Ellis & Harper (1975) that 'inappropriate' emotions differ qualitatively from 'appropriate' emotions was also examined. Although the experimental intervention had no effect on a post-test measure of irrational beliefs, patients repeating rational statements had significantly lower appropriate and inappropriate negative emotions at post-test, suggesting that inappropriate emotions do not differ qualitatively from appropriate emotions and that making rational statements may lower emotional distress in patients. Patients reiterating irrational statements showed no change in emotions, implying that these kinds of irrational cognitions may have already been present.

  19. Cognition, Information Fields and Hologenomic Entanglement: Evolution in Light and Shadow

    PubMed Central

    Miller, William B.

    2016-01-01

    As the prime unification of Darwinism and genetics, the Modern Synthesis continues to epitomize mainstay evolutionary theory. Many decades after its formulation, its anchor assumptions remain fixed: conflict between macro organic organisms and selection at that level represent the near totality of any evolutionary narrative. However, intervening research has revealed a less easily appraised cellular and microbial focus for eukaryotic existence. It is now established that all multicellular eukaryotic organisms are holobionts representing complex collaborations between the co-aligned microbiome of each eukaryote and its innate cells into extensive mixed cellular ecologies. Each of these ecological constituents has demonstrated faculties consistent with basal cognition. Consequently, an alternative hologenomic entanglement model is proposed with cognition at its center and conceptualized as Pervasive Information Fields within a quantum framework. Evolutionary development can then be reconsidered as being continuously based upon communication between self-referential constituencies reiterated at every scope and scale. Immunological reactions support and reinforce self-recognition juxtaposed against external environmental stresses. PMID:27213462

  20. Optical implementation of inner product neural associative memory

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Liu, Hua-Kuang (Inventor)

    1995-01-01

    An optical implementation of an inner-product neural associative memory is realized with a first spatial light modulator for entering an initial two-dimensional N-tuple vector and for entering a thresholded output vector image after each iteration until convergence is reached, and a second spatial light modulator for entering M weighted vectors of inner-product scalars multiplied with each of the M stored vectors, where the inner-product scalars are produced by multiplication of the initial input vector in the first iterative cycle (and thresholded vectors in subsequent iterative cycles) with each of the M stored vectors, and the weighted vectors are produced by multiplication of the scalars with corresponding ones of the stored vectors. A Hughes liquid crystal light valve is used for the dual function of summing the weighted vectors and thresholding the sum vector. The thresholded vector is then entered through the first spatial light modulator for reiteration of the process cycle until convergence is reached.

  1. Hydrogen peroxide clusters: the role of open book motif in cage and helical structures.

    PubMed

    Elango, M; Parthasarathi, R; Subramanian, V; Ramachandran, C N; Sathyamurthy, N

    2006-05-18

    Hartree-Fock (HF) calculations using 6-31G*, 6-311++G(d,p), aug-cc-pVDZ, and aug-cc-pVTZ basis sets show that hydrogen peroxide molecular clusters tend to form hydrogen-bonded cyclic and cage structures along the lines expected of a molecule which can act as a proton donor as well as an acceptor. These results are reiterated by density functional theoretic (DFT) calculations with B3LYP parametrization and also by second-order Møller-Plesset perturbation (MP2) theory using 6-31G* and 6-311++G(d,p) basis sets. Trends in stabilization energies and geometrical parameters obtained at the HF level using 6-311++G(d,p), aug-cc-pVDZ, and aug-cc-pVTZ basis sets are similar to those obtained from HF/6-31G* calculation. In addition, the HF calculations suggest the formation of stable helical structures for larger clusters, provided the neighbors form an open book structure.

  2. Secure and Efficient Key Coordination Algorithm for Line Topology Network Maintenance for Use in Maritime Wireless Sensor Networks.

    PubMed

    Elgenaidi, Walid; Newe, Thomas; O'Connell, Eoin; Toal, Daniel; Dooly, Gerard

    2016-12-21

    There has been a significant increase in the proliferation and implementation of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) in different disciplines, including the monitoring of maritime environments, healthcare systems, and industrial sectors. It has now become critical to address the security issues of data communication while considering sensor node constraints. There are many proposed schemes, including the scheme being proposed in this paper, to ensure that there is a high level of security in WSNs. This paper presents a symmetric security scheme for a maritime coastal environment monitoring WSN. The scheme provides security for travelling packets via individually encrypted links between authenticated neighbors, thus avoiding a reiteration of a global rekeying process. Furthermore, this scheme proposes a dynamic update key based on a trusted node configuration, called a leader node, which works as a trusted third party. The technique has been implemented in real time on a Waspmote test bed sensor platform and the results from both field testing and indoor bench testing environments are discussed in this paper.

  3. Basic processes in reading aloud and colour naming: towards a better understanding of the role of spatial attention.

    PubMed

    Robidoux, Serje; Rauwerda, Derek; Besner, Derek

    2014-05-01

    Whether or not lexical access from print requires spatial attention has been debated intensively for the last 30 years. Studies involving colour naming generally find evidence that "unattended" words are processed. In contrast, reading-based experiments do not find evidence of distractor processing. One theory ascribes the discrepancy to weaker attentional demands for colour identification. If colour naming does not capture all of a subject's attention, the remaining attentional resources can be deployed to process the distractor word. The present study combined exogenous spatial cueing with colour naming and reading aloud separately and found that colour naming is less sensitive to the validity of a spatial cue than is reading words aloud. Based on these results, we argue that colour naming studies do not effectively control attention so that no conclusions about unattended distractor processing can be drawn from them. Thus we reiterate the consistent conclusion drawn from reading aloud and lexical decision studies: There is no word identification without (spatial) attention.

  4. Variables Affecting Secondary School Students' Willingness to Eat Genetically Modified Food Crops

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Maes, Jasmien; Bourgonjon, Jeroen; Gheysen, Godelieve; Valcke, Martin

    2017-04-01

    A large-scale cross-sectional study (N = 4002) was set up to determine Flemish secondary school students' willingness to eat genetically modified food (WTE) and to link students' WTE to previously identified key variables from research on the acceptance of genetic modification (GM). These variables include subjective and objective knowledge about genetics and biotechnology, perceived risks and benefits of GM food crops, trust in information from different sources about GM, and food neophobia. Differences between WTE-related variables based on students' grade level, educational track, and gender were analyzed. The students displayed a rather indecisive position toward GM food and scored weakly on a genetics and biotechnology knowledge test. WTE correlated most strongly with perceived benefits and subjective and objective knowledge. The results have clear implications for education, as they reiterate the need to strengthen students' scientific knowledge base and to introduce a GM-related debate at a much earlier stage in their school career.

  5. Technology assessment in healthcare: a review and description of a "best practice" technology assessment process.

    PubMed

    Fernandez, A M; Schrogie, J J; Wilson, W W; Nash, D B

    1997-01-01

    Technology assessment has become a rapidly growing component of the healthcare system. It has assumed a functional role in operational settings and is rapidly impacting decisions involving purchasing, coverage, and reimbursement. This review is intended to assist the healthcare decision maker in considering the application of technology assessment in healthcare, so as to maximize the efficiency of future purchasing decisions. This "best practice" was synthesized after identifying key institutions performing technology assessment in healthcare and analyzing their working processes, including literature review, consensus panel discussions, and expert opinion. We describe this best practice on a reiterative loop that consists of five processes: awareness, strategic appropriateness, analysis versus need, acquisition and implementation, and reassessment. Typical barriers to adoption of technology assessment are also identified and discussed. This review suggests a common terminology for the core processes involved in technology assessment, thereby facilitating a more uniform understanding among the different components of the healthcare system (i.e., payer, provider, and society) while recognizing their different perspectives.

  6. Obstructive sleep apnea in children: a critical update

    PubMed Central

    Tan, Hui-Leng; Gozal, David; Kheirandish-Gozal, Leila

    2013-01-01

    Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in children is a highly prevalent disorder caused by a conglomeration of complex pathophysiological processes, leading to recurrent upper airway dysfunction during sleep. The clinical relevance of OSA resides in its association with significant morbidities that affect the cardiovascular, neurocognitive, and metabolic systems. The American Academy of Pediatrics recently reiterated its recommendations that children with symptoms and signs suggestive of OSA should be investigated with polysomnography (PSG), and treated accordingly. However, treatment decisions should not only be guided by PSG results, but should also integrate the magnitude of symptoms and the presence or absence of risk factors and signs of OSA morbidity. The first-line therapy in children with adenotonsillar hypertrophy is adenotonsillectomy, although there is increasing evidence that medical therapy, in the form of intranasal steroids or montelukast, may be considered in mild OSA. In this review, we delineate the major concepts regarding the pathophysiology of OSA, its morbidity, diagnosis, and treatment. PMID:24109201

  7. Alleged biological father incest: a forensic approach.

    PubMed

    Gomes, Vânia; Jardim, Patrícia; Taveira, Francisco; Dinis-Oliveira, Ricardo J; Magalhães, Teresa

    2014-01-01

    Paternal incest is one of the most serious forms of intrafamilial sexual abuse with clinical, social, and legal relevance. A retrospective study was performed, based on forensic reports and judicial decisions of alleged cases of biological paternal incest of victims under 18 years old (n = 215) from 2003 to 2008. Results highlight that in a relevant number of cases: victims were female; the abuse begun at an early age with reiteration; the alleged perpetrator presented a history of sexual crimes against children; sexual practices were physically poorly intrusive, which associated with a forensic medical evaluation performed more than 72 h after the abuse, explain partially the absence of physical injuries or other evidence-these last aspects are different from extrafamilial cases. In conclusion, observations about paternal incest are likely to exacerbate the psychosocial consequences of the abuse and may explain the difficulty and delay in detect and disclose these cases. Few cases were legally prosecuted and convicted. © 2013 American Academy of Forensic Sciences.

  8. The Role of Theory-Specific Techniques and Therapeutic Alliance in Promoting Positive Outcomes: Integrative Psychotherapy for World Trade Center Responders.

    PubMed

    Haugen, Peter Tejas; Werth, Aditi Sinha; Foster, Alyce Lauren; Owen, Jesse

    2016-12-01

    World Trade Center responders demonstrate high symptom burden, underscoring the importance of refining treatment approaches for this cohort. One method is examining the impact of therapy techniques on outcomes, and the interactions between technique and alliance on outcomes. This study a) examined the interaction of early treatment techniques on integrative psychotherapy outcomes and b) explored whether associations differed at varying levels of alliance. Twenty-nine adult responders diagnosed with partial or full posttraumatic stress disorder received outpatient psychotherapy and completed weekly measures of alliance, technique, and symptom distress. Analyses indicated significant interactions between 1) alliance and psychodynamic interventions on outcomes and 2) alliance and cognitive behavioral (CB) interventions on outcomes. Clients with high alliance had better outcomes when their therapist used fewer CB techniques. No meaningful differences were found between technique and outcomes for clients with lower alliance. These findings reiterate the critical roles technique and responsiveness to the alliance play in engendering successful outcomes.

  9. Characterization of Satellite DNA Sequences from the Commercially Important Marine Rotifers Brachionus rotundiformis and Brachionus plicatilis.

    PubMed

    Boehm; Gibson; Lubzens

    2000-01-01

    This study was initiated to search for species-specific and strain-specific satellite DNA sequences for which oligonucleotide primers could be designed to differentiate between various commercially important strains of the marine monogonont rotifers Brachionus rotundiformis and Brachionus plicatilis. Two unrelated, highly reiterated satellite sequences were cloned and characterized. The eight sequenced monomers from B. rotundiformis and six from B. plicatilis had low intrarepeat variability and were similar in their overall lengths, A + T compositions, and high degrees of repeated motif substructure. However, hybridizations to 19 representative strains, sequence characterizations, and GenBank searches indicated that these two satellites are morphotype-specific and population-specific, respectively, and share little homology to each other or to other characterized sequences in the database. Primer pairs designed for the B. rotundiformis satellite confirmed hybridization specificities on polymerase chain reaction and could serve as a useful molecular diagnostic tool to identify strains belonging to the SS morphotype, which are gaining widespread usage as first feeds for marine fish in commercial production.

  10. Student Engagement: A Principle-Based Concept Analysis.

    PubMed

    Bernard, Jean S

    2015-08-04

    A principle-based concept analysis of student engagement was used to examine the state of the science across disciplines. Four major perspectives of philosophy of science guided analysis and provided a framework for study of interrelationships and integration of conceptual components which then resulted in formulation of a theoretical definition. Findings revealed student engagement as a dynamic reiterative process marked by positive behavioral, cognitive, and affective elements exhibited in pursuit of deep learning. This process is influenced by a broader sociocultural environment bound by contextual preconditions of self-investment, motivation, and a valuing of learning. Outcomes of student engagement include satisfaction, sense of well-being, and personal development. Findings of this analysis prove relevant to nursing education as faculty transition from traditional teaching paradigms, incorporate learner-centered strategies, and adopt innovative pedagogical methodologies. It lends support for curricula reform, development of more accurate evaluative measures, and creation of meaningful teaching-learning environments within the discipline.

  11. Reconsidering "evidence" for fast-and-frugal heuristics.

    PubMed

    Hilbig, Benjamin E

    2010-12-01

    In several recent reviews, authors have argued for the pervasive use of fast-and-frugal heuristics in human judgment. They have provided an overview of heuristics and have reiterated findings corroborating that such heuristics can be very valid strategies leading to high accuracy. They also have reviewed previous work that implies that simple heuristics are actually used by decision makers. Unfortunately, concerning the latter point, these reviews appear to be somewhat incomplete. More important, previous conclusions have been derived from investigations that bear some noteworthy methodological limitations. I demonstrate these by proposing a new heuristic and provide some novel critical findings. Also, I review some of the relevant literature often not-or only partially-considered. Overall, although some fast-and-frugal heuristics indeed seem to predict behavior at times, there is little to no evidence for others. More generally, the empirical evidence available does not warrant the conclusion that heuristics are pervasively used.

  12. Skull base tumors: a kaleidoscope of challenge.

    PubMed

    Khanna, J N; Natrajan, Srivalli; Galinde, Jyotsna

    2014-08-01

    Resection of skull base lesions has always been riddled with problems like inadequate access, proximity to major vessels, dural tears, cranial nerve damage, and infection. Understanding the modular concept of the facial skeleton has led to the development of transfacial swing osteotomies that facilitates resection in a difficult area with minimal morbidity and excellent cosmetic results. In spite of the current trend toward endonasal endoscopic management of skull base tumors, our series presents nine cases of diverse extensive skull base lesions, 33% of which were recurrent. These cases were approached through different transfacial swing osteotomies through the mandible, a midfacial swing, or a zygomaticotemporal osteotomy as dictated by the three-dimensional spatial location of the lesion, and its extent and proximity to vital structures. Access osteotomies ensured complete removal and good results through the most direct and safe route and good vascular control. This reiterated the fact that transfacial approaches still hold a special place in the management of extensive skull base lesions.

  13. Skull Base Tumors: A Kaleidoscope of Challenge

    PubMed Central

    Khanna, J.N.; Natrajan, Srivalli; Galinde, Jyotsna

    2014-01-01

    Resection of skull base lesions has always been riddled with problems like inadequate access, proximity to major vessels, dural tears, cranial nerve damage, and infection. Understanding the modular concept of the facial skeleton has led to the development of transfacial swing osteotomies that facilitates resection in a difficult area with minimal morbidity and excellent cosmetic results. In spite of the current trend toward endonasal endoscopic management of skull base tumors, our series presents nine cases of diverse extensive skull base lesions, 33% of which were recurrent. These cases were approached through different transfacial swing osteotomies through the mandible, a midfacial swing, or a zygomaticotemporal osteotomy as dictated by the three-dimensional spatial location of the lesion, and its extent and proximity to vital structures. Access osteotomies ensured complete removal and good results through the most direct and safe route and good vascular control. This reiterated the fact that transfacial approaches still hold a special place in the management of extensive skull base lesions. PMID:25083368

  14. A discrete component low-noise preamplifier readout for a linear (1×16) SiC photodiode array

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Kahle, Duncan; Aslam, Shahid; Herrero, Federico A.; Waczynski, Augustyn

    2016-09-01

    A compact, low-noise and inexpensive preamplifier circuit has been designed and fabricated to optimally readout a common cathode (1×16) channel 4H-SiC Schottky photodiode array for use in ultraviolet experiments. The readout uses an operational amplifier with 10 pF capacitor in the feedback loop in parallel with a low leakage switch for each of the channels. This circuit configuration allows for reiterative sample, integrate and reset. A sampling technique is given to remove Johnson noise, enabling a femtoampere level readout noise performance. Commercial-off-the-shelf acquisition electronics are used to digitize the preamplifier analog signals. The data logging acquisition electronics has a different integration circuit, which allows the bandwidth and gain to be independently adjusted. Using this readout, photoresponse measurements across the array between spectral wavelengths 200 nm and 370 nm are made to establish the array pixels external quantum efficiency, current responsivity and noise equivalent power.

  15. Fission Barrier of ^254No at High Spin

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Henning, G.; Khoo, T. L.; Seweryniak, D.; Back, B. B.; Bertone, P. F.; Carpenter, M. P.; Greene, J. P.; Gürdal, G.; Hoffman, C. R.; Janssens, R. V. F.; Kay, B. P.; Kondev, F. G.; Lauritsen, T.; Lister, C. J.; McCutchan, E. A.; Nair, C.; Rogers, A. M.; Zhu, S.; Chiara, C. J.; Hauschild, K.; Lopez-Martens, A.; Heinz, A.; Piot, J.; Chowdhury, P.; Lakshmi, S.

    2010-11-01

    Superheavy nuclei provide opportunities to study nuclear structure at the limits in charge, spin and excitation energy. These nuclei exist only because shell effects create a fission barrier Bf. Hence, it is important to determine Bf and its spin dependence. For ^254No, the maximum spin and energy were found [1] to be Imax= 22 and E* = 8 MeV in the reaction ^208Pb(^48Ca,2n) at a beam energy of 219 MeV. At 223 MeV, the maximum spin increases to 32. In contrast, the spin in ^220Th, produced [2] in the ^176Yb(^48 Ca,4n) reaction at 206 and 219 MeV, saturates at 20. A measurement of the entry distribution of ^254No at 223 MeV has been performed to determine Bf(I) and results will be reported.[4pt] [1] P. Reiter et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 84, 3542 (2000).[0pt] [2] A. Heinz et al., Nucl. Phys. A682, 458c (2001)

  16. Psychological adaptations for assessing gossip veracity.

    PubMed

    Hess, Nicole H; Hagen, Edward H

    2006-09-01

    Evolutionary models of human cooperation are increasingly emphasizing the role of reputation and the requisite truthful "gossiping" about reputation-relevant behavior. If resources were allocated among individuals according to their reputations, competition for resources via competition for "good" reputations would have created incentives for exaggerated or deceptive gossip about oneself and one's competitors in ancestral societies. Correspondingly, humans should have psychological adaptations to assess gossip veracity. Using social psychological methods, we explored cues of gossip veracity in four experiments. We found that simple reiteration increased gossip veracity, but only for those who found the gossip relatively uninteresting. Multiple sources of gossip increased its veracity, as did the independence of those sources. Information that suggested alternative, benign interpretations of gossip decreased its veracity. Competition between a gossiper and her target decreased gossip veracity. These results provide preliminary evidence for psychological adaptations for assessing gossip veracity, mechanisms that might be used to assess veracity in other domains involving social exchange of information.

  17. Dual regulation of cytoplasmic and mitochondrial acetyl-CoA utilization for improved isoprene production in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

    PubMed

    Lv, Xiaomei; Wang, Fan; Zhou, Pingping; Ye, Lidan; Xie, Wenping; Xu, Haoming; Yu, Hongwei

    2016-09-21

    Microbial production of isoprene from renewable feedstock is a promising alternative to traditional petroleum-based processes. Currently, efforts to improve isoprenoid production in Saccharomyces cerevisiae mainly focus on cytoplasmic engineering, whereas comprehensive engineering of multiple subcellular compartments is rarely reported. Here, we propose dual metabolic engineering of cytoplasmic and mitochondrial acetyl-CoA utilization to boost isoprene synthesis in S. cerevisiae. This strategy increases isoprene production by 2.1-fold and 1.6-fold relative to the recombinant strains with solely mitochondrial or cytoplasmic engineering, respectively. By combining a modified reiterative recombination system for rapid pathway assembly, a two-phase culture process for dynamic metabolic regulation, and aerobic fed-batch fermentation for sufficient supply of acetyl-coA and carbon, we achieve 2527, mg l(-1) of isoprene, which is the highest ever reported in engineered eukaryotes. We propose this strategy as an efficient approach to enhancing isoprene production in yeast, which might open new possibilities for bioproduction of other value-added chemicals.

  18. Differential regulation of the Epr3 receptor coordinates membrane-restricted rhizobial colonization of root nodule primordia

    PubMed Central

    Kawaharada, Yasuyuki; Nielsen, Mette W.; Kelly, Simon; James, Euan K.; Andersen, Kasper R.; Rasmussen, Sheena R.; Füchtbauer, Winnie; Madsen, Lene H.; Heckmann, Anne B.; Radutoiu, Simona; Stougaard, Jens

    2017-01-01

    In Lotus japonicus, a LysM receptor kinase, EPR3, distinguishes compatible and incompatible rhizobial exopolysaccharides at the epidermis. However, the role of this recognition system in bacterial colonization of the root interior is unknown. Here we show that EPR3 advances the intracellular infection mechanism that mediates infection thread invasion of the root cortex and nodule primordia. At the cellular level, Epr3 expression delineates progression of infection threads into nodule primordia and cortical infection thread formation is impaired in epr3 mutants. Genetic dissection of this developmental coordination showed that Epr3 is integrated into the symbiosis signal transduction pathways. Further analysis showed differential expression of Epr3 in the epidermis and cortical primordia and identified key transcription factors controlling this tissue specificity. These results suggest that exopolysaccharide recognition is reiterated during the progressing infection and that EPR3 perception of compatible exopolysaccharide promotes an intracellular cortical infection mechanism maintaining bacteria enclosed in plant membranes. PMID:28230048

  19. Association of mitochondrial DNA variants with myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) symptoms.

    PubMed

    Hanson, Maureen R; Gu, Zhenglong; Keinan, Alon; Ye, Kaixiong; Germain, Arnaud; Billing-Ross, Paul

    2016-12-20

    Earlier this year, we described an analysis of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) variants in myalgic encephalomyelitis (ME)/chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) patients and healthy controls. We reported that there was no significant association of haplogroups or singe nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with disease status. Nevertheless, a commentary about our paper appeared (Finsterer and Zarrouk-Mahjoub. J Transl Med14:182, 2016) that criticized the association of mtDNA haplogroups with ME/CFS, a conclusion that was absent from our paper. The aforementioned commentary also demanded experiments that were outside of the scope of our study, ones that we had suggested as follow-up studies. Because they failed to consult a published and cited report describing the cohorts we studied, the authors also cast aspersions on the method of selection of cases for inclusion. We reiterate that we observed statistically significant association of mtDNA variants with particular symptoms and their severity, though we observed no association with disease status.

  20. Creating 3D Hierarchical Carbon Architectures with Micro-, Meso-, and Macropores via a Simple Self-Blowing Strategy for a Flow-through Deionization Capacitor.

    PubMed

    Zhao, Shanshan; Yan, Tingting; Wang, Hui; Zhang, Jianping; Shi, Liyi; Zhang, Dengsong

    2016-07-20

    In this work, 3D hierarchical carbon architectures (3DHCAs) with micro-, meso-, and macropores were prepared via a simple self-blowing strategy as highly efficient electrodes for a flow-through deionization capacitor (FTDC). The obtained 3DHCAs have a hierarchically porous structure, large accessible specific surface area (2061 m(2) g(-1)), and good wettability. The electrochemical tests show that the 3DHCA electrode has a high specific capacitance and good electric conductivity. The deionization experiments demonstrate that the 3DHCA electrodes possess a high deionization capacity of 17.83 mg g(-1) in a 500 mg L(-1) NaCl solution at 1.2 V. Moreover, the 3DHCA electrodes present a fast deionization rate in 100-500 mg L(-1) NaCl solutions at 0.8-1.4 V. The 3DHCA electrodes also present a good regeneration behavior in the reiterative regeneration test. These above factors render the 3DHCAs a promising FTDC electrode material.

  1. Telomerase Mechanism of Telomere Synthesis

    PubMed Central

    Wu, R. Alex; Upton, Heather E.; Vogan, Jacob M.; Collins, Kathleen

    2017-01-01

    Telomerase is the essential reverse transcriptase required for linear chromosome maintenance in most eukaryotes. Telomerase supplements the tandem array of simple-sequence repeats at chromosome ends to compensate for the DNA erosion inherent in genome replication. The template for telomerase reverse transcriptase is within the RNA subunit of the ribonucleoprotein complex, which in cells contains additional telomerase holoenzyme proteins that assemble the active ribonucleoprotein and promote its function at telomeres. Telomerase is distinct among polymerases in its reiterative reuse of an internal template. The template is precisely defined, processively copied, and regenerated by release of single-stranded product DNA. New specificities of nucleic acid handling that underlie the catalytic cycle of repeat synthesis derive from both active site specialization and new motif elaborations in protein and RNA subunits. Studies of telomerase provide unique insights into cellular requirements for genome stability, tissue renewal, and tumorigenesis as well as new perspectives on dynamic ribonucleoprotein machines. PMID:28141967

  2. The doctor-patient relationship as the business case for quality: doing well by doing right.

    PubMed

    Gosfield, Alice G

    2004-01-01

    The idea that healthcare quality in America has lagged behind optimal levels has been a central national policy issue since at least 1998. Reform efforts, however, have failed to acknowledge the critical and unique role physicians play in making quality initiatives real. This Article argues physicians are at the core of any effort to propel quality forward in a significant way and, therefore, must be taken into account directly and without apology. The Article examines the quality-accountability context present in this country. It addresses why the physician nexus on these issues is vital for real change to take place and sets forth a clear statement of what is essential to support the doctor-patient relationship in any quality agenda. Finally, it reiterates the author's previously proposed five principles for quality, as well as her unified field theory of quality, all of which are designed to advance quality in a very different way.

  3. Taxonomy of Fungi Causing Mucormycosis and Entomophthoramycosis (Zygomycosis) and Nomenclature of the Disease: Molecular Mycologic Perspectives

    PubMed Central

    2012-01-01

    Molecular phylogenetic analysis confirmed the phylum Zygomycota to be polyphyletic, and the taxa conventionally classified in Zygomycota are now distributed among the new phylum Glomeromycota and 4 subphyla incertae sedis (uncertain placement). Because the nomenclature of the disease zygomycosis was based on the phylum Zygomycota (Zygomycetes) in which the etiologic agents had been classified, the new classification profoundly affects the name of the disease. Zygomycosis was originally described as a convenient and inclusive name for 2 clinicopathologically different diseases, mucormycosis caused by members of Mucorales and entomophthoramycosis caused by species in the order Entomophthorales of Zygomycota. Without revision of original definition, the name “zygomycosis,” however, has more often been used as a synonym only for mucormycosis. This article reviews the progress and changes in taxonomy and nomenclature of Zygomycota and the disease zygomycosis. The article also reiterates the reasons why the classic names “mucormycosis” and “entomophthoramycosis” are more appropriate than “zygomycosis.” PMID:22247451

  4. When good news is bad news: psychological impact of false positive diagnosis of HIV.

    PubMed

    Bhattacharya, Rahul; Barton, Simon; Catalan, Jose

    2008-05-01

    HIV testing is known to be stressful, however the impact of false positive HIV results on individuals is not well documented. This is a series of four case who developed psychological difficulties and psychiatric morbidities after being informed they had been misdiagnosed with HIV-positive status. We look into documented cases of misdiagnosis and potential risks of misdiagnosis. The case series highlights the implications a false diagnosis HIV-positive status can have, even when the diagnosis is rectified. Impact of misdiagnosis of HIV can lead to psychosocial difficulties and psychiatric morbidity, have public health and epidemiological implications and can lead to medico-legal conflict. This further reiterates the importance of HIV testing carried out ethically and sensitively, and in line with guidelines, respecting confidentiality and consent, and offering counselling pre-test and post-test, being mindful of the reality of erroneous and false positive HIV test results. The implications of misdiagnosis are for the individual, their partners and social contacts, as well as for the community.

  5. Dissipative preparation of steady Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger states for Rydberg atoms with quantum Zeno dynamics

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Shao, X. Q.; Wu, J. H.; Yi, X. X.; Long, Gui-Lu

    2017-12-01

    Inspired by a recent work [F. Reiter, D. Reeb, and A. S. Sørensen, Phys. Rev. Lett. 117, 040501 (2016), 10.1103/PhysRevLett.117.040501], we present a simplified proposal for dissipatively preparing a Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) state of three Rydberg atoms in a cavity. The Z pumping is implemented under the action of the spontaneous emission of Λ -type atoms and the quantum Zeno dynamics induced by strong continuous coupling. In the meantime, a dissipative Rydberg pumping breaks up the stability of the state | GHZ+〉 in the process of Z pumping, making | GHZ-〉 the unique steady state of the system. Compared with the former scheme, the number of driving fields acting on atoms is greatly reduced and only a single-mode cavity is required. The numerical simulation of the full master equation reveals that a high fidelity ˜98 % can be obtained with the currently achievable parameters in the Rydberg-atom-cavity system.

  6. The subclonal complexity of STIL-TAL1+ T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia.

    PubMed

    Furness, Caroline L; Mansur, Marcela B; Weston, Victoria J; Ermini, Luca; van Delft, Frederik W; Jenkinson, Sarah; Gale, Rosemary; Harrison, Christine J; Pombo-de-Oliveira, Maria S; Sanchez-Martin, Marta; Ferrando, Adolfo A; Kearns, Pamela; Titley, Ian; Ford, Anthony M; Potter, Nicola E; Greaves, Mel

    2018-03-20

    Single-cell genetics were used to interrogate clonal complexity and the sequence of mutational events in STIL-TAL1+ T-ALL. Single-cell multicolour FISH was used to demonstrate that the earliest detectable leukaemia subclone contained the STIL-TAL1 fusion and copy number loss of 9p21.3 (CDKN2A/CDKN2B locus), with other copy number alterations including loss of PTEN occurring as secondary subclonal events. In three cases, multiplex qPCR and phylogenetic analysis were used to produce branching evolutionary trees recapitulating the snapshot history of T-ALL evolution in this leukaemia subtype, which confirmed that mutations in key T-ALL drivers, including NOTCH1 and PTEN, were subclonal and reiterative in distinct subclones. Xenografting confirmed that self-renewing or propagating cells were genetically diverse. These data suggest that the STIL-TAL1 fusion is a likely founder or truncal event. Therapies targeting the TAL1 auto-regulatory complex are worthy of further investigation in T-ALL.

  7. A Discrete Component Low-Noise Preamplifier Readout for a Linear (1x16) SiC Photodiode Array

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Kahle, Duncan; Aslam, Shahid; Herrero, Frederico A.; Waczynski, Augustyn

    2016-01-01

    A compact, low-noise and inexpensive preamplifier circuit has been designed and fabricated to optimally readout a common cathode (1x16) channel 4H-SiC Schottky photodiode array for use in ultraviolet experiments. The readout uses an operational amplifier with 10 pF capacitor in the feedback loop in parallel with a low leakage switch for each of the channels. This circuit configuration allows for reiterative sample, integrate and reset. A sampling technique is given to remove Johnson noise, enabling a femtoampere level readout noise performance. Commercial-off-the-shelf acquisition electronics are used to digitize the preamplifier analogue signals. The data logging acquisition electronics has a different integration circuit, which allows the bandwidth and gain to be independently adjusted. Using this readout, photoresponse measurements across the array between spectral wavelengths 200 nm and 370 nm are made to establish the array pixels external quantum efficiency, current responsivity and noise equivalent power.

  8. The PP2C Alphabet is a negative regulator of stress-activated protein kinase signaling in Drosophila.

    PubMed

    Baril, Caroline; Sahmi, Malha; Ashton-Beaucage, Dariel; Stronach, Beth; Therrien, Marc

    2009-02-01

    The Jun N-terminal kinase and p38 pathways, also known as stress-activated protein kinase (SAPK) pathways, are signaling conduits reiteratively used throughout the development and adult life of metazoans where they play central roles in the control of apoptosis, immune function, and environmental stress responses. We recently identified a Drosophila Ser/Thr phosphatase of the PP2C family, named Alphabet (Alph), which acts as a negative regulator of the Ras/ERK pathway. Here we show that Alph also plays an inhibitory role with respect to Drosophila SAPK signaling during development as well as under stress conditions such as oxidative or genotoxic stresses. Epistasis experiments suggest that Alph acts at a step upstream of the MAPKKs Hep and Lic. Consistent with this interpretation, biochemical experiments identify the upstream MAPKKKs Slpr, Tak1, and Wnd as putative substrates. Together with previous findings, this work identifies Alph as a general attenuator of MAPK signaling in Drosophila.

  9. Music and language in degenerative disease of the brain.

    PubMed

    Polk, M; Kertesz, A

    1993-05-01

    Music and language functions were studied in two musicians with degenerative disease. Both patients were tested on a standardized language battery and a series of music tasks. In the first case with left cortical atrophy and primary progressive aphasia, expressive music functions were spared with impaired reception of rhythm. The second case with posterior cortical atrophy, greater on the right, was nonaphasic, had spatial agraphia, a visuopractic deficit, and severe expressive music deficits, but intact rhythm repetition. The aphasic patient showed dissociations between music and language in fluency and content; continuous, organized, although reiterative music production was contrasted with nonfluent language. The nonaphasic patient showed the opposite pattern of deficits; unmusical production with impaired melody and rhythm organization that was contrasted with fluent, intelligible language. The double dissociation between language and music functions supports the existence of independent cognitive systems, one consistent with conventional left lateralization models of language, temporal sequence, and analytic music processing and another with a right lateralization model of implicit music cognition.

  10. Ultrastructure of the synovial membrane in seronegative inflammatory arthropathies.

    PubMed Central

    Morris, C J; Farr, M; Hollywell, C A; Hawkins, C F; Scott, D L; Walton, K W

    1983-01-01

    The ultrastructure of the synovial membrane has been studied in 6 patients with seronegative inflammatory arthropathies: Reiter's (2), Crohn's (2), Whipple's (1) and Behçet's disease (1). The most striking changes were found in the synovial B cells, many containing abnormally large mitochondria with altered cristae surrounded by fibrillar material. Similar material was present in dilated endoplasmic reticulum which was the probable source of groups of extracellular fibrillar spheroidal bodies. The B cells also contained electron dense granular lysosomes of very variable size which, in common with the abnormal mitochondria, were often associated with bundles of orientated microfilaments and large golgi complexes. Light microscopy of the synovial membrane was consistent with an inflammatory arthritis, as were the high white cell counts in the synovial fluid. Systemic activity in the patients was indicated by raised ESR and C-reactive protein (CRP). Images Figure 1. Figure 2. Figure 3. Figure 4. Figure 5. A Figure 5. B PMID:6186810

  11. Toxicological Differences Between NMDA Receptor Antagonists and Cholinesterase Inhibitors.

    PubMed

    Shi, Xiaodong; Lin, Xiaotian; Hu, Rui; Sun, Nan; Hao, Jingru; Gao, Can

    2016-08-01

    Cholinesterase inhibitors (ChEIs), represented by donepezil, rivastigmine, and galantamine, used to be the only approved class of drugs for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. After the approval of memantine by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), N-methyl-d-aspartic acid (NMDA) receptor antagonists have been recognized by authorities and broadly used in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Along with complementary mechanisms of action, NMDA antagonists and ChEIs differ not only in therapeutic effects but also in adverse reactions, which is an important consideration in clinical drug use. And the number of patients using NMDA antagonists and ChEIs concomitantly has increased, making the matter more complicated. Here we used the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System for statistical analysis , in order to compare the adverse events of memantine and ChEIs. In general, the clinical evidence confirmed the safety advantages of memantine over ChEIs, reiterating the precautions of clinical drug use and the future direction of antidementia drug development. © The Author(s) 2016.

  12. A stochastic multicellular model identifies biological watermarks from disorders in self-organized patterns of phyllotaxis

    PubMed Central

    Refahi, Yassin; Brunoud, Géraldine; Farcot, Etienne; Jean-Marie, Alain; Pulkkinen, Minna; Vernoux, Teva; Godin, Christophe

    2016-01-01

    Exploration of developmental mechanisms classically relies on analysis of pattern regularities. Whether disorders induced by biological noise may carry information on building principles of developmental systems is an important debated question. Here, we addressed theoretically this question using phyllotaxis, the geometric arrangement of plant aerial organs, as a model system. Phyllotaxis arises from reiterative organogenesis driven by lateral inhibitions at the shoot apex. Motivated by recurrent observations of disorders in phyllotaxis patterns, we revisited in depth the classical deterministic view of phyllotaxis. We developed a stochastic model of primordia initiation at the shoot apex, integrating locality and stochasticity in the patterning system. This stochastic model recapitulates phyllotactic patterns, both regular and irregular, and makes quantitative predictions on the nature of disorders arising from noise. We further show that disorders in phyllotaxis instruct us on the parameters governing phyllotaxis dynamics, thus that disorders can reveal biological watermarks of developmental systems. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.14093.001 PMID:27380805

  13. The relative importance of online victimization in understanding depression, delinquency, and substance use.

    PubMed

    Mitchell, Kimberly J; Ybarra, Michele; Finkelhor, David

    2007-11-01

    This article explores the relationship between online and offline forms of interpersonal victimization, with depressive symptomatology, delinquency, and substance use. In a national sample of 1,501 youth Internet users (ages 10-17 years), 57% reported some form of offline interpersonal victimization (e.g., bullying, sexual abuse), and 23% reported an online interpersonal victimization (i.e., sexual solicitation and harassment) in the past year. Nearly three fourths (73%) of youth reporting an online victimization also reported an offline victimization. Virtually all types of online and offline victimization were independently related to depressive symptomatology, delinquent behavior, and substance use. Even after adjusting for the total number of different offline victimizations, youth with online sexual solicitation were still almost 2 times more likely to report depressive symptomatology and high substance use. Findings reiterate the importance of screening for a variety of different types of victimization in mental health settings, including both online and offline forms.

  14. Promoting a skills-based agenda in Olympic sports: the role of skill-acquisition specialists.

    PubMed

    Williams, A Mark; Ford, Paul R

    2009-11-01

    We highlight the importance of promoting a skills-based agenda in the development and preparation of Olympic athletes. The role that specialists with a background in skill acquisition can play is illustrated and the need to move towards a culture where evidence-based practice permeates all aspects of this process reiterated. We provide examples from contemporary research to illustrate how skill-acquisition theory and practice can help inform and guide practitioners, coaches, and administrators in their quest to develop Olympic athletes. Although the acquisition and refinement of skills are essential to performance in most Olympic sports, paradoxically the area of skill acquisition has not impacted in a concerted and meaningful way on this agenda. Skill-acquisition specialists need to be more proactive in forging links with elite sport, whereas practitioners, coaches, and administrators need to appreciate the important role that sports scientists with a background in this area can play in helping to develop future generations of podium athletes.

  15. Annual banned-substance review: analytical approaches in human sports drug testing.

    PubMed

    Thevis, Mario; Kuuranne, Tiia; Geyer, Hans; Schänzer, Wilhelm

    2017-01-01

    There has been an immense amount of visibility of doping issues on the international stage over the past 12 months with the complexity of doping controls reiterated on various occasions. Hence, analytical test methods continuously being updated, expanded, and improved to provide specific, sensitive, and comprehensive test results in line with the World Anti-Doping Agency's (WADA) 2016 Prohibited List represent one of several critical cornerstones of doping controls. This enterprise necessitates expediting the (combined) exploitation of newly generated information on novel and/or superior target analytes for sports drug testing assays, drug elimination profiles, alternative test matrices, and recent advances in instrumental developments. This paper is a continuation of the series of annual banned-substance reviews appraising the literature published between October 2015 and September 2016 concerning human sports drug testing in the context of WADA's 2016 Prohibited List. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

  16. Variables Affecting Secondary School Students' Willingness to Eat Genetically Modified Food Crops

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Maes, Jasmien; Bourgonjon, Jeroen; Gheysen, Godelieve; Valcke, Martin

    2018-06-01

    A large-scale cross-sectional study ( N = 4002) was set up to determine Flemish secondary school students' willingness to eat genetically modified food (WTE) and to link students' WTE to previously identified key variables from research on the acceptance of genetic modification (GM). These variables include subjective and objective knowledge about genetics and biotechnology, perceived risks and benefits of GM food crops, trust in information from different sources about GM, and food neophobia. Differences between WTE-related variables based on students' grade level, educational track, and gender were analyzed. The students displayed a rather indecisive position toward GM food and scored weakly on a genetics and biotechnology knowledge test. WTE correlated most strongly with perceived benefits and subjective and objective knowledge. The results have clear implications for education, as they reiterate the need to strengthen students' scientific knowledge base and to introduce a GM-related debate at a much earlier stage in their school career.

  17. The scintigraphic investigation of sacroiliac disease.

    PubMed

    Lentle, B C; Russell, A S; Percy, J S; Jackson, F I

    1977-06-01

    Bone scintigraphs obtained with both Technetium-99m polyphosphate and Technetium-99m pyrophosphate have been abnormal at the sacroiliac joints of 44 patients with definite ankylosing spondylitis (AS). Because of the normal registration of the sacroiliac joints on bone scintigraphy, it has been necessary to develop a profile-scan technique to quantify the abnormality that proves to be significantly different from the normal finding. In 17 patients with a strong clinical suspicion of AS but normal radiographs, the sacroiliac joints have frequently been abnormal. This finding is meaningful because there is a common occurence in this group of the histocompatibility antigen HL A-B27, known to be a marker of AS. We also note the frequency of abnormal sacroiliac scinitigrams in 26 patients with rheumatoid arthritis and in a group of other diseases-Crohn's disease, uveitis, psoriasis, ulcerative colitis, and Reiter's disease-all of which share some of the manifestations of AS.

  18. Inner Contradictions Among Men Who Bareback

    PubMed Central

    Frasca, Timothy; Ventuneac, Ana; Balan, Ivan; Carballo-Diéguez, Alex

    2013-01-01

    “Barebacking,” or intentional unprotected anal intercourse when HIV transmission can occur, emerged as a descriptive term in the 1990s and marked greater acceptance by gay and bisexual men of dispensing with condom use under certain circumstances. In an exploratory study of men who used Internet sites to meet partners and who reported recent episodes of barebacking, respondents outlined numerous strategies they deployed to avoid HIV infection instead of universal condom use. However, in interviews many participants acknowledged uneasiness with the flaws in their chosen strategies and the contradiction between their urgent desire to remain HIV-free and their sexual practices. For some, the dissonance between the conflicting cognitions could be resolved through self-justification, mental compartmentalization, or invincibility beliefs so that barebacking can continue. For this sub-population continued reiteration of cognitive-based prevention messages have the potential to reinforce rather than undermine their attachment to inadequate strategies for disease avoidance. PMID:22645221

  19. Good Gay Buddies for Lifetime: Homosexually Themed Discourse and the Construction of Heteromasculinity Among Chinese Urban Youth.

    PubMed

    Wei, Wei

    2017-01-01

    Starting as an Internet meme, the homosexually themed gao-ji discourse recently became popular among Chinese urban youth in describing intimate relationships among heterosexual men. Positioned within a body of scholarship on the interplay between language, homophobia, and the construction of heteromasculinity, this article suggests that the gao-ji discourse manifests a form of male homosociality, through which new boundaries of Chinese heteromasculinity may be renegotiated. Based on qualitative interviews with college students, the article first tracks the genealogy of the gao-ji discourse in the wake of China's booming Internet culture. The main body focuses on unpacking the daily use of the gao-ji discourse, with an attention to the two latent functions it serves (i.e., expanding heteromasculine behaviors and reiterating heteromasculine identities). In conclusion, I argue that the prevalence of the gao-ji discourse mainly resolves straight men's anxieties against the background of growing public awareness of homosexuality; therefore, it cannot necessarily translate into social acceptance of homosexuality.

  20. Mesenchymal stem cells: potential for therapy and treatment of chronic non-healing skin wounds

    PubMed Central

    Marfia, Giovanni; Navone, Stefania Elena; Di Vito, Clara; Ughi, Nicola; Tabano, Silvia; Miozzo, Monica; Tremolada, Carlo; Bolla, Gianni; Crotti, Chiara; Ingegnoli, Francesca; Rampini, Paolo; Riboni, Laura; Gualtierotti, Roberta; Campanella, Rolando

    2015-01-01

    abstract Wound healing is a complex physiological process including overlapping phases (hemostatic/inflammatory, proliferating and remodeling phases). Every alteration in this mechanism might lead to pathological conditions of different medical relevance. Treatments for chronic non-healing wounds are expensive because reiterative treatments are needed. Regenerative medicine and in particular mesenchymal stem cells approach is emerging as new potential clinical application in wound healing. In the past decades, advance in the understanding of molecular mechanisms underlying wound healing process has led to extensive topical administration of growth factors as part of wound care. Currently, no definitive treatment is available and the research on optimal wound care depends upon the efficacy and cost-benefit of emerging therapies. Here we provide an overview on the novel approaches through stem cell therapy to improve cutaneous wound healing, with a focus on diabetic wounds and Systemic Sclerosis-associated ulcers, which are particularly challenging. Current and future treatment approaches are discussed with an emphasis on recent advances. PMID:26652928

  1. Modeling Rett Syndrome Using TALEN-Edited MECP2 Mutant Cynomolgus Monkeys.

    PubMed

    Chen, Yongchang; Yu, Juehua; Niu, Yuyu; Qin, Dongdong; Liu, Hailiang; Li, Gang; Hu, Yingzhou; Wang, Jiaojian; Lu, Yi; Kang, Yu; Jiang, Yong; Wu, Kunhua; Li, Siguang; Wei, Jingkuan; He, Jing; Wang, Junbang; Liu, Xiaojing; Luo, Yuping; Si, Chenyang; Bai, Raoxian; Zhang, Kunshan; Liu, Jie; Huang, Shaoyong; Chen, Zhenzhen; Wang, Shuang; Chen, Xiaoying; Bao, Xinhua; Zhang, Qingping; Li, Fuxing; Geng, Rui; Liang, Aibin; Shen, Dinggang; Jiang, Tianzi; Hu, Xintian; Ma, Yuanye; Ji, Weizhi; Sun, Yi Eve

    2017-05-18

    Gene-editing technologies have made it feasible to create nonhuman primate models for human genetic disorders. Here, we report detailed genotypes and phenotypes of TALEN-edited MECP2 mutant cynomolgus monkeys serving as a model for a neurodevelopmental disorder, Rett syndrome (RTT), which is caused by loss-of-function mutations in the human MECP2 gene. Male mutant monkeys were embryonic lethal, reiterating that RTT is a disease of females. Through a battery of behavioral analyses, including primate-unique eye-tracking tests, in combination with brain imaging via MRI, we found a series of physiological, behavioral, and structural abnormalities resembling clinical manifestations of RTT. Moreover, blood transcriptome profiling revealed that mutant monkeys resembled RTT patients in immune gene dysregulation. Taken together, the stark similarity in phenotype and/or endophenotype between monkeys and patients suggested that gene-edited RTT founder monkeys would be of value for disease mechanistic studies as well as development of potential therapeutic interventions for RTT. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  2. Health psychology in primary care: recent research and future directions.

    PubMed

    Thielke, Stephen; Thompson, Alexander; Stuart, Richard

    2011-01-01

    Over the last decade, research about health psychology in primary care has reiterated its contributions to mental and physical health promotion, and its role in addressing gaps in mental health service delivery. Recent meta-analyses have generated mixed results about the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of health psychology interventions. There have been few studies of health psychology interventions in real-world treatment settings. Several key challenges exist: determining the degree of penetration of health psychology into primary care settings; clarifying the specific roles of health psychologists in integrated care; resolving reimbursement issues; and adapting to the increased prescription of psychotropic medications. Identifying and exploring these issues can help health psychologists and primary care providers to develop the most effective ways of applying psychological principles in primary care settings. In a changing health care landscape, health psychologists must continue to articulate the theories and techniques of health psychology and integrated care, to put their beliefs into practice, and to measure the outcomes of their work.

  3. Israel`s unauthorized arms transfers

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Clarke, D.

    1995-10-01

    Israel confronts a spectrum of security threats. Given that harsh reality and America`s firm commitment to the Jewish state as reiterated by successive presidents, Israel requires, and rightly receives, unique attention and support from the United States (U.S). Indeed, Israel`s welfare, even survival, is dependent on its `special` relationship with Washington. Thus far, U.S.-Israel ties have weathered America`s post-Cold War retrenchment in world affairs. Israel retains its customary level of foreign aid, for example, even as the overall foreign assistance budget shrinks. Yet below the surface, the relationship is threatened by Israel`s repeated contraventions of American law. Evidence shows thatmore » Israel has systematically circumvented U.S. restrictions on the re-export of U.S. defense products, components, and technical data. Other countries have been caught evading U.S. re-export controls, but Israel`s case appears unique. The author examines the details and implications of the Israel transgressions.« less

  4. The ureteric bud epithelium: morphogenesis and roles in metanephric kidney patterning.

    PubMed

    Nagalakshmi, Vidya K; Yu, Jing

    2015-03-01

    The mammalian metanephric kidney is composed of two epithelial components, the collecting duct system and the nephron epithelium, that differentiate from two different tissues -the ureteric bud epithelium and the nephron progenitors, respectively-of intermediate mesoderm origin. The collecting duct system is generated through reiterative ureteric bud branching morphogenesis, whereas the nephron epithelium is formed in a process termed nephrogenesis, which is initiated with the mesenchymal-epithelial transition of the nephron progenitors. Ureteric bud branching morphogenesis is regulated by nephron progenitors, and in return, the ureteric bud epithelium regulates nephrogenesis. The metanephric kidney is physiologically divided along the corticomedullary axis into subcompartments that are enriched with specific segments of these two epithelial structures. Here, we provide an overview of the major molecular and cellular processes underlying the morphogenesis and patterning of the ureteric bud epithelium and its roles in the cortico-medullary patterning of the metanephric kidney. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

  5. Whys and Hows of the Parameterized Interval Analyses: A Guide for the Perplexed

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Elishakoff, I.

    2013-10-01

    Novel elements of the parameterized interval analysis developed in [1, 2] are emphasized in this response, to Professor E.D. Popova, or possibly to others who may be perplexed by the parameterized interval analysis. It is also shown that the overwhelming majority of comments by Popova [3] are based on a misreading of our paper [1]. Partial responsibility for this misreading can be attributed to the fact that explanations provided in [1] were laconic. These could have been more extensive in view of the novelty of our approach [1, 2]. It is our duty, therefore, to reiterate, in this response, the whys and hows of parameterization of intervals, introduced in [1] to incorporate the possibly available information on dependencies between various intervals describing the problem at hand. This possibility appears to have been discarded by the standard interval analysis, which may, as a result, lead to overdesign, leading to the possible divorce of engineers from the otherwise beautiful interval analysis.

  6. [Pedophile, who are you? A study of pedophilia in the press].

    PubMed

    Landini, Tatiana Savoia

    2003-01-01

    This paper define the characteristics of pedophilia as it appears in the Brazilian newspaper Folha de São Paulo, including both the characteristics of the pedophile and the reasons given for such behavior. The research employs a technique called analysis by opposition which means that news coverage on other forms of sexual violence against children (sexual abuse, child pornography, rape, and incest) is used to help shed light on the characteristics of pedophilia itself. Some 384 articles were analyzed, of which 114 referred to pedophilia, all published between 1994 and 1999. News on sexual abuse of children was biased by concepts of class and violence/illness, reiterating the lay view that violence can be either a result of barbarianism and poverty or of psychological disorder, both depending on the aggressor's social class. The theoretical perspective adopted, that there is a correlation between media and reality, indicates that this bias is shared by Brazilian society as a whole.

  7. What is at stake? Status and threats to South China Sea marine fisheries.

    PubMed

    Teh, Louise S L; Witter, Allison; Cheung, William W L; Sumaila, U Rashid; Yin, Xueying

    2017-02-01

    Governance of South China Sea (SCS) fisheries remains weak despite acknowledgement of their widespread overexploitation for the past few decades. This review incorporates unreported fish catches to provide an improved baseline of the current status and societal contribution of SCS marine fisheries, so that the socio-economic and ecological consequences of continued fisheries unsustainability may be understood. Potential fisheries contribution to food and livelihoods include 11-17 million t in fisheries catch and USD 12-22 × 10 9 in fisheries landed value annually in the 2000s, and close to 3 million jobs. However, overfishing has resulted in biodiversity and habitat loss, and altered ecosystem trophic structures to a 'fished down' state. The present situation reiterates the urgency for fisheries policies that simultaneously address multiple political, social, economic, and biological dimensions at regional, national, and local scales. Importantly, improved cooperation between SCS nations, particularly in overcoming territorial disputes, is essential for effective regional fisheries governance.

  8. Bmp signaling mediates endoderm pouch morphogenesis by regulating Fgf signaling in zebrafish

    PubMed Central

    Swartz, Mary E.; McCarthy, Neil; Norrie, Jacqueline L.; Eberhart, Johann K.

    2016-01-01

    The endodermal pouches are a series of reiterated structures that segment the pharyngeal arches and help pattern the vertebrate face. Multiple pathways regulate the complex process of endodermal development, including the Bone morphogenetic protein (Bmp) pathway. However, the role of Bmp signaling in pouch morphogenesis is poorly understood. Using genetic and chemical inhibitor approaches, we show that pouch morphogenesis requires Bmp signaling from 10-18 h post-fertilization, immediately following gastrulation. Blocking Bmp signaling during this window results in morphological defects to the pouches and craniofacial skeleton. Using genetic chimeras we show that Bmp signals directly to the endoderm for proper morphogenesis. Time-lapse imaging and analysis of reporter transgenics show that Bmp signaling is necessary for pouch outpocketing via the Fibroblast growth factor (Fgf) pathway. Double loss-of-function analyses demonstrate that Bmp and Fgf signaling interact synergistically in craniofacial development. Collectively, our analyses shed light on the tissue and signaling interactions that regulate development of the vertebrate face. PMID:27122171

  9. Palilalia, echolalia, and echopraxia-palipraxia as ictal manifestations in a patient with left frontal lobe epilepsy.

    PubMed

    Cho, Yang-Je; Han, Sang-Don; Song, Sook Keun; Lee, Byung In; Heo, Kyoung

    2009-06-01

    Palilalia is a relatively rare pathologic speech behavior and has been reported in various neurologic and psychiatric disorders. We encountered a case of palilalia, echolalia, and echopraxia-palipraxia as ictal phenomena of left frontal lobe epilepsy. A 55-year-old, right-handed man was admitted because of frequent episodes of rapid reiteration of syllables. Video-electroencephalography monitoring revealed stereotypical episodes of palilalia accompanied by rhythmic head nodding and right-arm posturing with ictal discharges over the left frontocentral area. He also displayed echolalia or echopraxia-palipraxia, partially responding to an examiner's stimulus. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed encephalomalacia on the left superior frontal gyrus and ictal single photon emission computed tomography showed hyperperfusion just above the lesion, corresponding to the left supplementary motor area (SMA), and subcortical nuclei. This result suggests that the neuroanatomic substrate involved in the generation of these behaviors as ictal phenomena might exist in the SMA of the left frontal lobe.

  10. Characterization of an endogenous retrovirus class in elephants and their relatives

    PubMed Central

    Greenwood, Alex D; Englbrecht, Claudia C; MacPhee, Ross DE

    2004-01-01

    Background Endogenous retrovirus-like elements (ERV-Ls, primed with tRNA leucine) are a diverse group of reiterated sequences related to foamy viruses and widely distributed among mammals. As shown in previous investigations, in many primates and rodents this class of elements has remained transpositionally active, as reflected by increased copy number and high sequence diversity within and among taxa. Results Here we examine whether proviral-like sequences may be suitable molecular probes for investigating the phylogeny of groups known to have high element diversity. As a test we characterized ERV-Ls occurring in a sample of extant members of superorder Uranotheria (Asian and African elephants, manatees, and hyraxes). The ERV-L complement in this group is even more diverse than previously suspected, and there is sequence evidence for active expansion, particularly in elephantids. Many of the elements characterized have protein coding potential suggestive of activity. Conclusions In general, the evidence supports the hypothesis that the complement had a single origin within basal Uranotheria. PMID:15476555

  11. Deconstructing Community for Conservation: Why Simple Assumptions are Not Sufficient.

    PubMed

    Waylen, Kerry Ann; Fischer, Anke; McGowan, Philip J K; Milner-Gulland, E J

    2013-01-01

    Many conservation policies advocate engagement with local people, but conservation practice has sometimes been criticised for a simplistic understanding of communities and social context. To counter this, this paper explores social structuring and its influences on conservation-related behaviours at the site of a conservation intervention near Pipar forest, within the Seti Khola valley, Nepal. Qualitative and quantitative data from questionnaires and Rapid Rural Appraisal demonstrate how links between groups directly and indirectly influence behaviours of conservation relevance (including existing and potential resource-use and proconservation activities). For low-status groups the harvesting of resources can be driven by others' preference for wild foods, whilst perceptions of elite benefit-capture may cause reluctance to engage with future conservation interventions. The findings reiterate the need to avoid relying on simple assumptions about 'community' in conservation, and particularly the relevance of understanding relationships between groups, in order to understand natural resource use and implications for conservation.

  12. Alternative conceptions of memory consolidation and the role of the hippocampus at the systems level in rodents.

    PubMed

    Sutherland, R J; Lehmann, H

    2011-06-01

    We discuss very recent experiments with rodents addressing the idea that long-term memories initially depending on the hippocampus, over a prolonged period, become independent of it. No unambiguous recent evidence exists to substantiate that this occurs. Most experiments find that recent and remote memories are equally affected by hippocampus damage. Nearly all experiments that report spared remote memories suffer from two problems: retrieval could be based upon substantial regions of spared hippocampus and recent memory is tested at intervals that are of the same order of magnitude as cellular consolidation. Accordingly, we point the way beyond systems consolidation theories, both the Standard Model of Consolidation and the Multiple Trace Theory, and propose a simpler multiple storage site hypothesis. On this view, with event reiterations, different memory representations are independently established in multiple networks. Many detailed memories always depend on the hippocampus; the others may be established and maintained independently. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  13. Module assemblage technology for floating systems: in vitro flotation and in vivo gastro-retention.

    PubMed

    Strusi, Orazio Luca; Sonvico, Fabio; Bettini, Ruggero; Santi, Patrizia; Colombo, Gaia; Barata, Pedro; Oliveira, Ana; Santos, Delfim; Colombo, Paolo

    2008-07-14

    The aim of this research was to study, in vitro by resultant-weight measurement and in vivo by gamma-scintigraphy experiments in humans, the floatation behavior of systems obtained by modules assembled in void configuration. The assembled system technology allowed the manufacturing of a system characterized by the presence of an internal void space that provided an apparent density lower than water. The gastro-retention times of floating assembled systems were determined in comparison with non-floating systems having the same mass and composition. In vitro the floatation of the system started immediately after immersion in water and lasted for more than 5 h. The in vivo studies confirmed that the in vitro floating ability of void configuration was maintained also in the human stomach where the system stayed for periods of time ranging from 2.5 to 5.0 h, depending on the food regimen and the sex of the subject. Reiterate eating and drinking further prolonged the stomach residence time.

  14. Development and testing of a de novo clinical staging system for podoconiosis (endemic non-filarial elephantiasis).

    PubMed

    Tekola, Fasil; Ayele, Zewdu; Mariam, Dereje Haile; Fuller, Claire; Davey, Gail

    2008-10-01

    To develop and test a robust clinical staging system for podoconiosis, a geochemical disease in individuals exposed to red clay soil. We adapted the Dreyer system for staging filarial lymphoedema and tested it in four re-iterative field tests conducted in an area of high-podoconiosis prevalence in Southern Ethiopia. The system has five stages according to proximal spread of disease and presence of dermal nodules, ridges and bands. We measured the 1-week repeatability and the inter-observer agreement of the final staging system. The five-stage system is readily understood by community workers with little health training. Kappa for 1-week repeatability was 0.88 (95% CI 0.80-0.96), for agreement between health professionals was 0.71 (95% CI 0.60-0.82), while that between health professionals and community podoconiosis agents without formal health training averaged 0.64 (95% CI 0.52-0.78). This simple staging system with good inter-observer agreement and repeatability can assist in the management and further study of podoconiosis.

  15. Resource expenditure not resource allocation: response to McDougall on cloning and dignity.

    PubMed

    Williams, M J

    2009-05-01

    This paper offers some comments on bioethical debates about resource allocation in healthcare. It is stimulated by Rosalind McDougall's argument that it is an affront to the human dignity of people with below "liberties-level" health to fund human reproductive cloning. McDougall is right to underline the relevance of resource prioritisation to the ethics of research and provision of new biomedical technologies. This paper argues that bioethicists should be careful when offering comments about such issues. In particular, it emphasises the need to represent accurately the reality of the situation-especially when we are passing judgement on technologies that are in their infancy and whose practical application is yet to be confirmed. The paper also emphasises the importance of the actual context to bioethical debate, and note that it would be better to talk about resource expenditure rather than resource allocation when it comes to discussing the rights and wrongs of how money is spent. It also reiterates the claims made by other writers that social and political philosophy need to have a transparent and considered role in debates about resources.

  16. Bmp signaling mediates endoderm pouch morphogenesis by regulating Fgf signaling in zebrafish.

    PubMed

    Lovely, C Ben; Swartz, Mary E; McCarthy, Neil; Norrie, Jacqueline L; Eberhart, Johann K

    2016-06-01

    The endodermal pouches are a series of reiterated structures that segment the pharyngeal arches and help pattern the vertebrate face. Multiple pathways regulate the complex process of endodermal development, including the Bone morphogenetic protein (Bmp) pathway. However, the role of Bmp signaling in pouch morphogenesis is poorly understood. Using genetic and chemical inhibitor approaches, we show that pouch morphogenesis requires Bmp signaling from 10-18 h post-fertilization, immediately following gastrulation. Blocking Bmp signaling during this window results in morphological defects to the pouches and craniofacial skeleton. Using genetic chimeras we show that Bmp signals directly to the endoderm for proper morphogenesis. Time-lapse imaging and analysis of reporter transgenics show that Bmp signaling is necessary for pouch outpocketing via the Fibroblast growth factor (Fgf) pathway. Double loss-of-function analyses demonstrate that Bmp and Fgf signaling interact synergistically in craniofacial development. Collectively, our analyses shed light on the tissue and signaling interactions that regulate development of the vertebrate face. © 2016. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd.

  17. A story of success: continuous quality improvement in cystic fibrosis care in the USA.

    PubMed

    Quon, Bradley S; Goss, Christopher H

    2011-12-01

    Continuous quality improvement (CQI) in healthcare can be described as a reiterative approach to improving processes to reduce unexpected variation in health outcomes. CQI represents one model to achieve quality improvement (QI) and has long been recognized as a key to success in the manufacturing industry with companies like Toyota leading the way. Healthcare, and specifically pulmonary, critical care and sleep medicine represent ideal settings for the application of CQI. This opinion piece will describe QI and CQI initiatives in the US Cystic fibrosis (CF) population. QI in CF care in the United States has been ongoing since inception of the US CF Foundation (CFF) in 1955. This effort has included work to improve the quality of clinical care provided at CF centers and work to improve clinical outcomes in CF. More recently, QI methods have been applied to the conduct of clinical research. The CF community has become a leader in the area of QI and has pointed out the opportunities for others to follow in the area of lung diseases.

  18. Update on Waveguide-Embedded Differential MMIC Amplifiers

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Kangaslahti, Pekka; Schleht, Erich

    2010-01-01

    There is an update on the subject matter of Differential InP HEMT MMIC Amplifiers Embedded in Waveguides (NPO-42857) NASA Tech Briefs, Vol. 33, No. 9 (September 2009), page 35. To recapitulate: Monolithic microwave integrated-circuit (MMIC) amplifiers of a type now being developed for operation at frequencies of hundreds of gigahertz contain InP high-electron-mobility transistors (HEMTs) in a differential configuration. The MMICs are designed integrally with, and embedded in, waveguide packages. The instant work does not mention InP HEMTs but otherwise reiterates part of the subject matter of the cited prior article, with emphasis on the following salient points: An MMIC is mounted in the electric-field plane ("E-plane") of a waveguide and includes a finline transition to each differential-amplifier stage. The differential configuration creates a virtual ground within each pair of transistor-gate fingers, eliminating the need for external radio-frequency grounding. This work concludes by describing a single-stage differential submillimeter-wave amplifier packaged in a rectangular waveguide and summarizing results of tests of this amplifier at frequencies of 220 and 305 GHz.

  19. Modelling the effects of climate and land-use change on the hydrochemistry and ecology of the River Wye (Wales).

    PubMed

    Bussi, Gianbattista; Whitehead, Paul G; Gutiérrez-Cánovas, Cayetano; Ledesma, José L J; Ormerod, Steve J; Couture, Raoul-Marie

    2018-06-15

    Interactions between climate change and land use change might have substantial effects on aquatic ecosystems, but are still poorly understood. Using the Welsh River Wye as a case study, we linked models of water quality (Integrated Catchment - INCA) and climate (GFDL - Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory and IPSL - Institut Pierre Simon Laplace) under greenhouse gas scenarios (RCP4.5 and RCP8.5) to drive a bespoke ecosystem model that simulated the responses of aquatic organisms. The potential effects of economic and social development were also investigated using scenarios from the EU MARS project (Managing Aquatic Ecosystems and Water Resources under Multiple Stress). Longitudinal position along the river mediated response to increasing anthropogenic pressures. Upland locations appeared particularly sensitive to nutrient enrichment or potential re-acidification compared to lowland environments which are already eutrophic. These results can guide attempts to mitigate future impacts and reiterate the need for sensitive land management in upland, temperate environments which are likely to become increasingly important to water supply and biodiversity conservation as the effects of climate change intensify. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  20. Intracranial and visceral arterial embolization of a cardiac myxoma that was treated with endovascular stent-retriever therapy

    PubMed Central

    Thibodeau, Cheryl; McGowan, Amelia

    2016-01-01

    We report a case of a ruptured left atrial myxoma with multiple synchronous sites of embolization, including the intracranial cerebral (left middle cerebral artery (MCA) and basilar), visceral (renal, superior mesenteric artery (SMA)) and peripheral circulatory beds (aorta and lower extremities). This synchronous embolization resulted in a catastrophic neurologic and systemic event. An intracranial stent retriever was used to restore cerebral circulation in the symptomatic left MCA distribution, which resulted in resolution of the acute neurologic deficits. Endovascular and open surgical interventions were later performed to address the residual cardiac mass and other embolic sites. The patient survived the event with the loss of her right leg below the knee and a transient dialysis requirement. The purpose of this case report is to document the successful utilization of a stent-retriever device in removing an embolized myxoma from the cerebral circulation, to review the unique pathology of this source of embolic stroke and to reiterate the importance of considering embolic and non-thrombotic etiologies of acute ischemic stroke, especially in atypical patient populations and patient presentations. PMID:27306523

  1. Application Agreement and Integration Services

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Driscoll, Kevin R.; Hall, Brendan; Schweiker, Kevin

    2013-01-01

    Application agreement and integration services are required by distributed, fault-tolerant, safety critical systems to assure required performance. An analysis of distributed and hierarchical agreement strategies are developed against the backdrop of observed agreement failures in fielded systems. The documented work was performed under NASA Task Order NNL10AB32T, Validation And Verification of Safety-Critical Integrated Distributed Systems Area 2. This document is intended to satisfy the requirements for deliverable 5.2.11 under Task 4.2.2.3. This report discusses the challenges of maintaining application agreement and integration services. A literature search is presented that documents previous work in the area of replica determinism. Sources of non-deterministic behavior are identified and examples are presented where system level agreement failed to be achieved. We then explore how TTEthernet services can be extended to supply some interesting application agreement frameworks. This document assumes that the reader is familiar with the TTEthernet protocol. The reader is advised to read the TTEthernet protocol standard [1] before reading this document. This document does not re-iterate the content of the standard.

  2. STS-121: Discovery Pre-Flight Crew News Briefing

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    2006-01-01

    The STS-121 crew is shown during this pre-flight news briefing. Steve Lindsey, Commander, begins with saying that they are only a few weeks from flight and the vehicle is in good shape. Mark Kelly, Pilot, is introduced by Lindsey and he discusses Kelly's main objective which is to direct the three spacewalks scheduled. Kelly introduces Mike Fossum, Mission Specialist. Kelly says that Fossum will be involved in three spacewalks. Fossum introduces Lisa Nowak, Mission Specialist, who is involved in robotics. Also Stephanie Wilson, Mission Specialist, will be involved in robotics. Piers Sellers, Mission Specialist, is introduced by Wilson, who is the lead spacewalker for this mission. Sellers then introduce Thomas Reiter, Mission Specialist, who is involved in spacewalks. The educational background of each crew member is given. Questions from the news media on the subjects of long term flights on the International Space Station, Ice frost ramp replacement, Orbiter Boom Sensor System (OBSS) stability, foam loss during STS-114 flight, duration of the mission, and mental preparation for test flights are addressed.

  3. Recurrent DNA inversion rearrangements in the human genome

    PubMed Central

    Flores, Margarita; Morales, Lucía; Gonzaga-Jauregui, Claudia; Domínguez-Vidaña, Rocío; Zepeda, Cinthya; Yañez, Omar; Gutiérrez, María; Lemus, Tzitziki; Valle, David; Avila, Ma. Carmen; Blanco, Daniel; Medina-Ruiz, Sofía; Meza, Karla; Ayala, Erandi; García, Delfino; Bustos, Patricia; González, Víctor; Girard, Lourdes; Tusie-Luna, Teresa; Dávila, Guillermo; Palacios, Rafael

    2007-01-01

    Several lines of evidence suggest that reiterated sequences in the human genome are targets for nonallelic homologous recombination (NAHR), which facilitates genomic rearrangements. We have used a PCR-based approach to identify breakpoint regions of rearranged structures in the human genome. In particular, we have identified intrachromosomal identical repeats that are located in reverse orientation, which may lead to chromosomal inversions. A bioinformatic workflow pathway to select appropriate regions for analysis was developed. Three such regions overlapping with known human genes, located on chromosomes 3, 15, and 19, were analyzed. The relative proportion of wild-type to rearranged structures was determined in DNA samples from blood obtained from different, unrelated individuals. The results obtained indicate that recurrent genomic rearrangements occur at relatively high frequency in somatic cells. Interestingly, the rearrangements studied were significantly more abundant in adults than in newborn individuals, suggesting that such DNA rearrangements might start to appear during embryogenesis or fetal life and continue to accumulate after birth. The relevance of our results in regard to human genomic variation is discussed. PMID:17389356

  4. An evaluation of problem-based learning in a nursing theory and practice module.

    PubMed

    Barrow, Elizabeth J; Lyte, Geraldine; Butterworth, Tony

    2002-03-01

    Interest in Problem-Based Learning (PBL) within nurse education has increased internationally in recent years. The expectations of this teaching/learning strategy are that it will enable nurses to develop skills required for professional practice including: enquiry, reasoning, interpersonal and lifelong learning skills. However, to date, there is little empirical evidence within nursing literature to support such expectations. This study evaluated the reiterative PBL approach in an undergraduate programme within one University. The Responsive Evaluation Model (Guba & Lincoln 1989) guided the design of the study, permitting multiple methods of observation, focus group interview s and a questionnaire. Findings revealed an overall positive student experience of PBL. However, many students found PBL initially stressful due to the deliberately ambiguous nature of the scenario and the requirement upon students to direct their own le arning. The tutor role was unclear to some students, while others found the facilitative approach empowering. Recommendations are offered which may be of value to students, teachers and practitioners implementing and facilitating PBL within Making A Difference curricula (Department of Health 1999).

  5. Rethinking Coercive Control.

    PubMed

    Stark, Evan

    2009-12-01

    The critical appraisals of Coercive Control focus largely on what my analysis implies for intervention, a matter to which the book devotes only limited space. In this reply, I reiterate core concepts in the book and acknowledge that much more work is needed to translate the realities of coercive control into practical legal and advocacy strategies. I review how coercive control differs from partner assaults and so why it merits a distinct response; the extent to which coercive control targets gender identity; the wisdom of complementing the focus on violence with an emphasis on male domination, sexual inequality and personal liberty; what this implies for shelters and the law; why sexual inequality differentiates coercive control from female partner abuse of men; how sexual equality can be both cause and antidote for coercive control; why I think an affirmative concept of freedom is essential to grasp the human rights violations inflicted by coercive control; and what it means to "story" coercive control by integrating women into the larger liberty narrative on which our national identity rests.

  6. The Climate Science Special Report: Detection and Attribution

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Wehner, M. F.

    2017-12-01

    The Climate Science Special Report reiterates previous findings about the human influence on global mean surface air temperature with the statement "…it is extremely likely that human activities, especially emissions of greenhouse gases, are the dominant cause of the observed warming since the mid 20th century. For the warming over the last century, there is no convincing alternative explanation supported by the extent of the observational evidence." This is a statement made with high confidence and supported by multiple lines of evidence. The report also assesses the latest developments in the field of probabilistic extreme event attribution—the quantification of the influence of anthropogenic climate change on individual extreme weather events—with a focus on those recent events within the United States that have been analyzed. Thirty different events within the US are reported on including heat waves, cold snaps, wet seasons, individual storms and droughts. Most but not all of the individual US events studied revealed an influence from human induced changes to the climate system.

  7. Primary telangiectatic osteosarcoma of the cervical spine.

    PubMed

    Turel, Mazda K; Joseph, Vivek; Singh, Vandita; Moses, Vinu; Rajshekhar, Vedantam

    2012-04-01

    Telangiectatic osteosarcoma (TOS) is one of the 8 subtypes of osteosarcoma that infrequently affects the spine. The radiopathological features of TOS overlap with those of more benign entities, most commonly the aneurysmal bone cyst), and therefore is a significant diagnostic challenge. It is a rare but well-described entity in the thoracolumbar and sacral spine, and to the authors' knowledge has not been previously reported in the cervical spine. The authors report the case of a 15-year-old boy who presented with a 6-month history of neck pain and torticollis. He underwent preoperative glue embolization followed by a staged subtotal C-5 spondylectomy and posterior fusion for a C-5 vertebral body lytic expansile lesion. Histopathological examination showed the lesion to be TOS. The surgery was followed by adjuvant radiation and chemotherapy with a favorable outcome at the 1-year follow-up. This report reiterates that TOS is an important differential diagnosis for aneurysmal bone cyst and giant-cell tumor of the spine, as its biological behavior and clinical outcome differ from those of these more benign lesions, which it mimics.

  8. Massively parallel rRNA gene sequencing exacerbates the potential for biased community diversity comparisons due to variable library sizes

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Gihring, Thomas; Green, Stefan; Schadt, Christopher Warren

    2011-01-01

    Technologies for massively parallel sequencing are revolutionizing microbial ecology and are vastly increasing the scale of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene studies. Although pyrosequencing has increased the breadth and depth of possible rRNA gene sampling, one drawback is that the number of reads obtained per sample is difficult to control. Pyrosequencing libraries typically vary widely in the number of sequences per sample, even within individual studies, and there is a need to revisit the behaviour of richness estimators and diversity indices with variable gene sequence library sizes. Multiple reports and review papers have demonstrated the bias in non-parametric richness estimators (e.g.more » Chao1 and ACE) and diversity indices when using clone libraries. However, we found that biased community comparisons are accumulating in the literature. Here we demonstrate the effects of sample size on Chao1, ACE, CatchAll, Shannon, Chao-Shen and Simpson's estimations specifically using pyrosequencing libraries. The need to equalize the number of reads being compared across libraries is reiterated, and investigators are directed towards available tools for making unbiased diversity comparisons.« less

  9. Comments on the crusade against the causal efficacy of human thought.

    PubMed

    Bandura, A

    1995-09-01

    Hawkins reiterates the familiar behavioristic doctrine that psychology should banish factors that cannot be directly observed. He seems to be unaware that the very operant theory he is espousing is heavily invested in internal determinants that do not lend themselves to direct observation. Because behavior is often unaffected by its immediate situational antecedents and consequences, operant analysts are turning increasingly to internalized determinants of behavior, such as the residues of past reinforcements. These internalized determinants are not directly observable or measurable. They are inferred organismic states. Hawkins invokes the standard behavioristic arguments that, like other cognitive events, beliefs of personal efficacy are epiphenomenal by-products of conditioned responses. The paradigms used to verify the causal contribution of efficacy beliefs to performance renders this claim empirically baseless. Efficacy beliefs are systematically raised to differential levels by means that involve no performances or by bogus feedback that is either unrelated to performance or is contrary to performance. In none of these paradigms are instated efficacy beliefs reflections of performance, but they are uniformly good predictors of subsequent performance. Epiphenomenal assertions are self-destruct arguments.

  10. Synchronization of Lienard-Type Oscillators in Uniform Electrical Networks

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Sinha, Mohit; Dorfler, Florian; Johnson, Brian B.

    2016-08-01

    This paper presents a condition for global asymptotic synchronization of Lienard-type nonlinear oscillators in uniform LTI electrical networks with series R-L circuits modeling interconnections. By uniform electrical networks, we mean that the per-unit-length impedances are identical for the interconnecting lines. We derive conditions for global asymptotic synchronization for a particular feedback architecture where the derivative of the oscillator output current supplements the innate current feedback induced by simply interconnecting the oscillator to the network. Our proof leverages a coordinate transformation to a set of differential coordinates that emphasizes signal differences and the particular form of feedback permits the formulation ofmore » a quadratic Lyapunov function for this class of networks. This approach is particularly interesting since synchronization conditions are difficult to obtain by means of quadratic Lyapunov functions when only current feedback is used and for networks composed of series R-L circuits. Our synchronization condition depends on the algebraic connectivity of the underlying network, and reiterates the conventional wisdom from Lyapunov- and passivity-based arguments that strong coupling is required to ensure synchronization.« less

  11. Release of the World Digital Magnetic Anomaly Map version 2 (WDMAM v2) scheduled

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Dyment, Jérôme; Lesur, Vincent; Choi, Yujin; Hamoudi, Mohamed; Thébault, Erwan; Catalan, Manuel

    2015-04-01

    The World Digital Magnetic Anomaly Map is an international initiative carried out under the auspices of the International Association of Geomagnetism and Aeronomy (IAGA) and the Commission for the Geological Map of the World (CGMW). A first version of the map has been published and distributed eight years ago (WDMAM v1; Korhonen et al., 2007). After a call for an improved second version of the map in 2011, the slow process of data compilation, map preparation, evaluation and finalization is near completion, and the WDMAM v2 will be released at the International Union of Geophysics and Geodesy (IUGG) meeting to be held in Prag in June-July 2015. In this presentation we display several shortcomings of the WDMAM v1, both on continental and oceanic areas, that are hopefully alleviated in the WDMAM v2, and discuss the process leading to the new map. We reiterate a long-standing call for aeromagnetic and marine magnetic data contribution, and explore future directions to pursue the effort toward a more complete, higher resolution magnetic anomaly map of the World.

  12. Critical Analysis and Digital Reconstructions of Alberti's Architectures by the Use of 3d Morphometric Integrated Survey Database

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Ferrari, F.; Medici, M.

    2017-02-01

    Since 2005, DIAPReM Centre of the Department of Architecture of the University of Ferrara, in collaboration with the "Centro Studi Leon Battista Alberti" Foundation and the Consorzio Futuro in Ricerca, is carrying out a research project for the creation of 3D databases that could allow the development of a critical interpretation of Alberti's architectural work. The project is primarily based on a common three-dimensional integrated survey methodology for the creation of a navigable multilayered database. The research allows the possibility of reiterative metrical analysis, thanks to the use of a coherent data in order to check and validate hypothesis by researchers, art historians and scholars on Alberti's architectural work. Coherently with this methodological framework, indeed, two case studies are explained in this paper: the church of San Sebastiano in Matua and The Church of the Santissima Annunziata in Florence. Furthermore, thanks to a brief introduction of further developments of the project, a short graphical analysis of preliminary results on Tempio Malatestiano in Rimini opens new perspectives of research.

  13. RAG-mediated recombination is the predominant driver of oncogenic rearrangement in ETV6-RUNX1 acute lymphoblastic leukemia

    PubMed Central

    Papaemmanuil, Elli; Rapado, Inmaculada; Li, Yilong; Potter, Nicola E; Wedge, David C; Tubio, Jose; Alexandrov, Ludmil B; Van Loo, Peter; Cooke, Susanna L; Marshall, John; Martincorena, Inigo; Hinton, Jonathan; Gundem, Gunes; van Delft, Frederik W; Nik-Zainal, Serena; Jones, David R; Ramakrishna, Manasa; Titley, Ian; Stebbings, Lucy; Leroy, Catherine; Menzies, Andrew; Gamble, John; Robinson, Ben; Mudie, Laura; Raine, Keiran; O’Meara, Sarah; Teague, Jon W; Butler, Adam P; Cazzaniga, Giovanni; Biondi, Andrea; Zuna, Jan; Kempski, Helena; Muschen, Markus; Ford, Anthony M; Stratton, Michael R; Greaves, Mel; Campbell, Peter J

    2014-01-01

    The ETV6-RUNX1 fusion gene, found in 25% of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), is acquired in utero but requires additional somatic mutations for overt leukemia. We used exome and low-coverage whole-genome sequencing to characterize secondary events associated with leukemic transformation. RAG-mediated deletions emerge as the dominant mutational process, characterized by recombination signal sequence motifs near the breakpoints; incorporation of non-templated sequence at the junction; ~30-fold enrichment at promoters and enhancers of genes actively transcribed in B-cell development and an unexpectedly high ratio of recurrent to non-recurrent structural variants. Single cell tracking shows that this mechanism is active throughout leukemic evolution with evidence of localized clustering and re-iterated deletions. Integration of point mutation and rearrangement data identifies ATF7IP and MGA as two new tumor suppressor genes in ALL. Thus, a remarkably parsimonious mutational process transforms ETV6-RUNX1 lymphoblasts, targeting the promoters, enhancers and first exons of genes that normally regulate B-cell differentiation. PMID:24413735

  14. Gender, households, and decision-making for wildfire safety.

    PubMed

    Tyler, Meagan; Fairbrother, Peter

    2018-03-13

    This paper considers the impact of gendered norms on decision-making for wildfire preparation and response at the household level. Focusing on Australia, it provides a theoretical thematic analysis of data acquired in 107 interviews with residents of nine different localities. It builds on existing research on gender and disaster, as well as on decision-making and wildfires, and analyses the narratives that centre on 'split' households plans (where a male partner plans to stay and a female partner plans to evacuate) and disagreements within heterosexual couples as to an appropriate wildfire safety plan. The study finds that gender inequality and differences in gendered expectations are likely to create difficult conditions for negotiation between members of a heterosexual couple when there is disagreement over a plan and that this may contribute to risky decision-making practices and outcomes. The paper reiterates, therefore, the importance of taking into account the social construction of gender in wildfire research and policy. © 2018 The Author(s). Disasters © Overseas Development Institute, 2018.

  15. Histone and ribosomal RNA repetitive gene clusters of the boll weevil are linked in a tandem array.

    PubMed

    Roehrdanz, R; Heilmann, L; Senechal, P; Sears, S; Evenson, P

    2010-08-01

    Histones are the major protein component of chromatin structure. The histone family is made up of a quintet of proteins, four core histones (H2A, H2B, H3 & H4) and the linker histones (H1). Spacers are found between the coding regions. Among insects this quintet of genes is usually clustered and the clusters are tandemly repeated. Ribosomal DNA contains a cluster of the rRNA sequences 18S, 5.8S and 28S. The rRNA genes are separated by the spacers ITS1, ITS2 and IGS. This cluster is also tandemly repeated. We found that the ribosomal RNA repeat unit of at least two species of Anthonomine weevils, Anthonomus grandis and Anthonomus texanus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), is interspersed with a block containing the histone gene quintet. The histone genes are situated between the rRNA 18S and 28S genes in what is known as the intergenic spacer region (IGS). The complete reiterated Anthonomus grandis histone-ribosomal sequence is 16,248 bp.

  16. Drosophila Melanogaster Mitochondrial DNA: Gene Organization and Evolutionary Considerations

    PubMed Central

    Garesse, R.

    1988-01-01

    The sequence of a 8351-nucleotide mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) fragment has been obtained extending the knowledge of the Drosophila melanogaster mitochondrial genome to 90% of its coding region. The sequence encodes seven polypeptides, 12 tRNAs and the 3' end of the 16S rRNA and CO III genes. The gene organization is strictly conserved with respect to the Drosophila yakuba mitochondrial genome, and different from that found in mammals and Xenopus. The high A + T content of D. melanogaster mitochondrial DNA is reflected in a reiterative codon usage, with more than 90% of the codons ending in T or A, G + C rich codons being practically absent. The average level of homology between the D. melanogaster and D. yakuba sequences is very high (roughly 94%), although insertion and deletions have been detected in protein, tRNA and large ribosomal genes. The analysis of nucleotide changes reveals a similar frequency for transitions and transversions, and reflects a strong bias against G+C on both strands. The predominant type of transition is strand specific. PMID:3130291

  17. How much do disasters cost? A comparison of disaster cost estimates in Australia

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Ladds, Monique; Keating, Adriana; Handmer, John; Magee, Liam

    2017-04-01

    Extreme weather events in Australia are common and a large proportion of the population are exposed to such events. Therefore, there is great interest as to how these events will impact Australia's society and economy, which requires understanding the current and historical impact of disasters. Despite global efforts to record and cost disaster impacts, no standardised method of collecting and recording data retrospectively yet exists. The lack of comparability in turn produces quite different analyses of economic impacts. This paper examines five examples of aggregate cost and relative impacts of natural disasters in Australia, and comparisons between them reveal significant data shortcomings. The reliability of data sources, and the methodology employed to analyse them can have significant impacts on conclusions regarding the overall cost of disasters, the relative costs of different disaster types, and the distribution of costs across Australian states. We highlight difficulties with time series comparisons, further complicated by the interdependencies of the databases. We reiterate the need for consistent and comparable data collection and analysis, to respond to the increasing frequency and severity of disasters in Australia.

  18. Family Functioning and Child Behavioral Problems in Households Affected by HIV and AIDS in Kenya.

    PubMed

    Thurman, Tonya R; Kidman, Rachel; Nice, Johanna; Ikamari, Lawrence

    2015-08-01

    HIV places acute stressors on affected children and families; especially in resource limited contexts like sub-Saharan Africa. Despite their importance, the epidemic's potential consequences for family dynamics and children's psychological health are understudied. Using a population-based sample of 2,487 caregivers and 3,423 children aged 8-14 years from the Central Province of Kenya, analyses were conducted to examine whether parental illness and loss were associated with family functioning and children's externalizing behaviors. After controlling for demographics, a significant relationship between parental illness and externalizing behaviors was found among children of both genders. Orphan status was associated with behavioral problems among only girls. Regardless of gender, children experiencing both parental loss and illness fared the worst. Family functioning measured from the perspective of both caregivers and children also had an independent and important relationship with behavioral problems. Findings suggest that psychological and behavioral health needs may be elevated in households coping with serious illness and reiterate the importance of a family-centered approach for HIV-affected children.

  19. Authors' response: the primacy of conscious decision making.

    PubMed

    Shanks, David R; Newell, Ben R

    2014-02-01

    The target article sought to question the common belief that our decisions are often biased by unconscious influences. While many commentators offer additional support for this perspective, others question our theoretical assumptions, empirical evaluations, and methodological criteria. We rebut in particular the starting assumption that all decision making is unconscious, and that the onus should be on researchers to prove conscious influences. Further evidence is evaluated in relation to the core topics we reviewed (multiple-cue judgment, deliberation without attention, and decisions under uncertainty), as well as priming effects. We reiterate a key conclusion from the target article, namely, that it now seems to be generally accepted that awareness should be operationally defined as reportable knowledge, and that such knowledge can only be evaluated by careful and thorough probing. We call for future research to pay heed to the different ways in which awareness can intervene in decision making (as identified in our lens model analysis) and to employ suitable methodology in the assessment of awareness, including the requirements that awareness assessment must be reliable, relevant, immediate, and sensitive.

  20. Secure and Efficient Key Coordination Algorithm for Line Topology Network Maintenance for Use in Maritime Wireless Sensor Networks

    PubMed Central

    Elgenaidi, Walid; Newe, Thomas; O’Connell, Eoin; Toal, Daniel; Dooly, Gerard

    2016-01-01

    There has been a significant increase in the proliferation and implementation of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) in different disciplines, including the monitoring of maritime environments, healthcare systems, and industrial sectors. It has now become critical to address the security issues of data communication while considering sensor node constraints. There are many proposed schemes, including the scheme being proposed in this paper, to ensure that there is a high level of security in WSNs. This paper presents a symmetric security scheme for a maritime coastal environment monitoring WSN. The scheme provides security for travelling packets via individually encrypted links between authenticated neighbors, thus avoiding a reiteration of a global rekeying process. Furthermore, this scheme proposes a dynamic update key based on a trusted node configuration, called a leader node, which works as a trusted third party. The technique has been implemented in real time on a Waspmote test bed sensor platform and the results from both field testing and indoor bench testing environments are discussed in this paper. PMID:28009834

  1. EFOMP policy statement 16: The role and competences of medical physicists and medical physics experts under 2013/59/EURATOM.

    PubMed

    Caruana, Carmel J; Tsapaki, Virginia; Damilakis, John; Brambilla, Marco; Martín, Guadalupe Martín; Dimov, Asen; Bosmans, Hilde; Egan, Gillian; Bacher, Klaus; McClean, Brendan

    2018-04-01

    On 5 December 2013 the European Council promulgated Directive 2013/59/EURATOM. This Directive is important for Medical Physicists and Medical Physics Experts as it puts the profession on solid foundations and describes it more comprehensively. Much commentary regarding the role and competences has been developed in the context of the European Commission project "European Guidelines on the Medical Physics Expert" published as Radiation Protection Report RP174. The guidelines elaborate on the role and responsibilities under 2013/59/EURATOM in terms of a mission statement and competence profile in the specialty areas of Medical Physics relating to medical radiological services, namely Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Radiation Oncology and Nuclear Medicine. The present policy statement summarises the provisions of Directive 2013/59/EURATOM regarding the role and competences, reiterates the results of the European Guidelines on the Medical Physics Expert document relating to role and competences of the profession and provides additional commentary regarding further issues arising following the publication of the RP174 guidelines. Copyright © 2018. Published by Elsevier Ltd.

  2. The best of the best discourse on health: poetic insights on how professional sport socializes a family of men into hegemonic masculinity and physical inactivity.

    PubMed

    Madill, Leanna; Hopper, Timothy F

    2007-03-01

    This study examines how 4 men from the same family, representing different generations, construct health from their perceptions of professional athletes. Many men are socialized and participate in sport discourses that promote certain truths about being a man that often have detrimental effects to their health. The capacity of research to inform men's construction of health is limited. In an attempt to engage male participants within the research process and cause a form of catalytic validity, transcripts from interviews with the men were analyzed, and thematic findings were represented in a poetic form and shared with the participants for discussion and refinement. The findings revealed how the male participants reiterated messages that the media promotes, such as the importance of physical and mental strength for a man. More significantly, the men became aware that they assumed a narrow definition of health portrayed by professional athletics that perpetuated a hegemonic masculinity. Reflections on changes in the men's lifestyle choices after engaging in the research process are offered in the conclusion.

  3. Musepick: AN Integrated Technological Framework to Present the Complex of Santissima Annunziata in Ascoli Piceno (italy)

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Petrucci, E.; Rossi, D.

    2017-05-01

    Nowadays, digital media play a central role in a shift towards updated modes of communicating knowledge. In addition to this, the tragic recent events related to the long series of earthquakes that have taken place in central Italy have also, unfortunately, reiterated the need to document and preserve not only the material value of the architectural heritage but also the intangible values related to the events and people that have characterized their history. In this framework, the paper investigates some of the opportunities offered by technological innovations, in particular, by the specific application areas of augmented reality and augmented virtuality. The case study The historical site chosen as case study is the complex of Santissima Annunziata, which has played a very important role in the city of Ascoli Piceno (Italy) for centuries. The objective was to develop a low-cost web-based platform to serve as a place to gather cultural content related to the diffuse cultural heritage, organized in applications regarding graphical and 3D models as well as 360° images and archival documents.

  4. The workings of homonormativity: lesbian, gay, bisexual, and queer discourses on discrimination and public displays of affections in Portugal.

    PubMed

    de Oliveira, João Manuel; Costa, Carlos Gonçalves; Nogueira, Conceição

    2013-01-01

    This article analyzes how heteronormative discourse may be (re)produced by the very same people it serves to oppress, binding heteronormativity to a specific form of homonormativity. Furthermore, this article also links Portuguese history and society by discussing the context and the recent legal changes that led to legislation providing for same-sex marriage. Using thematic analysis of 14 interviews, this article demonstrates how heteronorms are upheld in the discourses of the lesbian, gay, bisexual, and queer (LGBQ) participants. Themes linked to public displays of affection and discrimination emerged from the interviews. Participant discourses are analyzed in terms of their incorporation of heteronorms. Homonormativity is present in both the themes subject to analysis. Analysis of the interviews shows how transgressing the heteronorm implies costs and is ultimately perceived as a personal risk. This article concludes that the lack of discursive resistance denies the possibility of re-signification and subversion even in LGBQ discourses. This clearly indicates the pervasiveness of discourses reiterating heteronorms, even those issued by those most oppressed by such norms.

  5. The cell as the mechanistic basis for evolution.

    PubMed

    Torday, J S

    2015-01-01

    The First Principles for Physiology originated in and emanate from the unicellular state of life. Viewing physiology as a continuum from unicellular to multicellular organisms provides fundamental insight to ontogeny and phylogeny as a functionally integral whole. Such mechanisms are most evident under conditions of physiologic stress; all of the molecular pathways that evolved in service to the vertebrate water-land transition aided and abetted the evolution of the vertebrate lung, for example. Reduction of evolution to cell biology has an important scientific feature—it is predictive. One implication of this perspective on evolution is the likelihood that it is the unicellular state that is actually the object of selection. By looking at the process of evolution from its unicellular origins, the causal relationships between genotype and phenotype are revealed, as are many other aspects of physiology and medicine that have remained anecdotal and counter-intuitive. Evolutionary development can best be considered as a cyclical, epigenetic, reiterative environmental assessment process, originating from the unicellular state, both forward and backward, to sustain and perpetuate unicellular homeostasis. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

  6. Peculiarities of RFLP of highly repetitive DNA in crow genomes

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Chelomina, G.N.; Kryukov, A.P.; Ivanov, S.V.

    1995-02-01

    We present a study of the structural organization of highly repetitive DNA in genomes of hooded crow Corvus cornix L., carrion crow C. corone L., and jungle crow C. macrorhynchos Wagl. RFLP and blot-hybridization with {sup 32}P-labeled Msp I fragment from hooded crow nDNA suggest the interspecific structural conservatism of the most repetitive DNA. The family of repeats we studied had tandem organization and the same (210 bp) period of reiteration for a set of restriction enzymes. However, in parallel to the general similarity of restriction patterns, there are species-specific peculiarities. The repetitive family revealed (Alu I, BsuR I, andmore » Msp I fragments) has quantitative RFLP of nDNA and interspecific differences in the extent of the multimer {open_quotes}ladder{close_quotes} pattern of Msp I fragments. The latter is more pronounced in nDNA of carrion crow than in that of phylogenetically distant jungle crow and closely related hooded crow. This suggests a recent amplification event for highly organized homological repeats in crow genomes. 10 refs., 2 figs.« less

  7. 'Sex and crime' in evolution - why sexuality was so successful.

    PubMed

    Schubert, Ingo

    2011-01-01

    Components of sexuality have fore-runners already in prokaryotes, for instance conjugation, recombination- repair and the molecular constituents needed for nuclear division. For eukaryotes, the basic and predominant mode of propagation is via sexuality, although it is highly complex and costly. Many interactions between individual cells are detrimental for one partner and might be considered as a 'criminal' act performed by the active partner. For instance, the irreversible and non-reciprocal processes of phagocytosis or endocellular parasitism but also the irreversible, asymmetric and sustainable endosymbiosis with a benefit bias in favour of the active partner represent such events. Contrary to this, sexuality in general represents an indirectly reversible, reciprocal, sustainable (by reiteration) and mutually beneficial interaction between equal-ranking cells. After fertilization, a doubled set of genetic information protects against loss of essential genes, while the haplophase allows ridding lethal mutations. Resorting of parental chromosome sets, recombination between homologous chromosomes during meiosis, and new combination of alleles during fertilization, mediate a high genetic variability at a minimum risk of deleterious variants, thus promoting evolutionary adaptability.

  8. Disseminated cutaneous sporotrichosis in an immunocompetent individual.

    PubMed

    Yap, Felix Boon-Bin

    2011-10-01

    Sporotrichosis is a subacute or chronic fungal infection caused by the ubiquitous fungus Sporothrix schenckii. Disseminated cutaneous sporotrichosis is an uncommon entity and is usually present in the immunosuppressed. Here, a case of disseminated cutaneous sporotrichosis in an immunocompetent patient is reported. This 70-year-old healthy woman presented with multiple painful ulcerated nodules on her face and upper and lower extremities of 6-month duration, associated with low-grade fever, night sweats, loss of appetite, and loss of weight. Histopathological examination of the skin biopsy revealed epidermal hyperplasia and granulomatous inflammation in the dermis, with budding yeast. Fungal culture identified S. schenckii. She had total resolution of the lesions after 2 weeks of intravenous amphotericin B and 8 months of oral itraconazole. All investigations for underlying immunosuppression and internal organ involvement were negative. This case reiterates that disseminated cutaneous sporotrichosis, although common in the immunosuppressed, can also be seen in immunocompetent patients. Copyright © 2011 International Society for Infectious Diseases. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  9. Can stem cells really regenerate the human heart? Use your noggin, dickkopf! Lessons from developmental biology.

    PubMed

    Sommer, Paula

    2013-06-01

    The human heart is the first organ to develop and its development is fairly well characterised. In theory, the heart has the capacity to regenerate, as its cardiomyocytes may be capable of cell division and the adult heart contains a cardiac stem cell niche, presumably capable of differentiating into cardiomyocytes and other cardiac-associated cell types. However, as with most other organs, these mechanisms are not activated upon serious injury. Several experimental options to induce regeneration of the damaged heart tissue are available: activate the endogenous cardiomyocytes to divide, coax the endogenous population of stem cells to divide and differentiate, or add exogenous cell-based therapy to replace the lost cardiac tissue. This review is a summary of the recent research into all these avenues, discussing the reasons for the limited successes of clinical trials using stem cells after cardiac injury and explaining new advances in basic science. It concludes with a reiteration that chances of successful regeneration would be improved by understanding and implementing the basics of heart development and stem cell biology.

  10. Application of Bayesian inference to the study of hierarchical organization in self-organized complex adaptive systems

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Knuth, K. H.

    2001-05-01

    We consider the application of Bayesian inference to the study of self-organized structures in complex adaptive systems. In particular, we examine the distribution of elements, agents, or processes in systems dominated by hierarchical structure. We demonstrate that results obtained by Caianiello [1] on Hierarchical Modular Systems (HMS) can be found by applying Jaynes' Principle of Group Invariance [2] to a few key assumptions about our knowledge of hierarchical organization. Subsequent application of the Principle of Maximum Entropy allows inferences to be made about specific systems. The utility of the Bayesian method is considered by examining both successes and failures of the hierarchical model. We discuss how Caianiello's original statements suffer from the Mind Projection Fallacy [3] and we restate his assumptions thus widening the applicability of the HMS model. The relationship between inference and statistical physics, described by Jaynes [4], is reiterated with the expectation that this realization will aid the field of complex systems research by moving away from often inappropriate direct application of statistical mechanics to a more encompassing inferential methodology.

  11. The philosophical and pedagogical underpinnings of Active Learning in Engineering Education

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Christie, Michael; de Graaff, Erik

    2017-01-01

    In this paper the authors draw on three sequential keynote addresses that they gave at Active Learning in Engineering Education (ALE) workshops in Copenhagen (2012), Caxias do Sol (2014) and San Sebastian (2015). Active Learning in Engineering Education is an informal international network of engineering educators dedicated to improving engineering education through active learning (http://www.ale-net.org/). The paper reiterates themes from those keynotes, namely, the philosophical and pedagogical underpinnings of Active Learning in Engineering Education, the scholarly questions that inspire engineering educators to go on improving their practice and exemplary models designed to activate the learning of engineering students. This paper aims to uncover the bedrock of established educational philosophies and theories that define and support active learning. The paper does not claim to present any new or innovative educational theory. There is already a surfeit of them. Rather, the aim is to assist Engineering Educators who wish to research how they can best activate the learning of their students by providing a readable, reasonable and solid underpinning for best practice in this field.

  12. Debate: euthanasia--a physician's viewpoint.

    PubMed Central

    Twycross, R G

    1982-01-01

    Discussion about euthanasia is often confused because of a failure to distinguish between deliberate death acceleration and letting nature take its course. There is a need to reiterate the traditional principles upon which the care of the dying should be based, including the need for the doctor to practise medicine in the knowledge that eventually all his patients will die. It follows that a doctor does not have a duty to preserve life at all costs. The care of the patient with far-advanced cancer has improved considerably in many areas as a result of the establishment of hospices and domiciliary support teams. Treating the patient as a person is the key to a successful doctor-patient relationship. An analytical approach is necessary to control pain and other symptoms. Care of the relatives is also fundamental. Voluntary euthanasia and 'assisted suicide' represent an extreme solution to a situation which demands a far more comprehensive and compassionate approach. The need is not for a change in the law but for a change of emphasis in medical education. PMID:7108913

  13. Visual representations of Iranian transgenders.

    PubMed

    Shakerifar, Elhum

    2011-01-01

    Transsexuality in Iran has gained much attention and media coverage in the past few years, particularly in its questionable depiction as a permitted loophole for homosexuality, which is prohibited under Iran's Islamic-inspired legal system. Of course, attention in the West is also encouraged by the “shock” that sex change is available in Iran, a country that Western media and society delights in portraying as monolithically repressive. As a result, Iranian filmmakers inevitably have their own agendas, which are unsurprisingly brought into the film making process—from a desire to sell a product that will appeal to the Western market, to films that endorse specific socio-political agendas. This paper is an attempt to situate sex change and representations of sex change in Iran within a wider theoretical framework than the frequently reiterated conflation with homosexuality, and to open and engage with a wider debate concerning transsexuality in Iran, as well as to specifically analyze the representation of transexuality, in view of its current prominent presence in media.

  14. Analysis of error type and frequency in apraxia of speech among Portuguese speakers.

    PubMed

    Cera, Maysa Luchesi; Minett, Thaís Soares Cianciarullo; Ortiz, Karin Zazo

    2010-01-01

    Most studies characterizing errors in the speech of patients with apraxia involve English language. To analyze the types and frequency of errors produced by patients with apraxia of speech whose mother tongue was Brazilian Portuguese. 20 adults with apraxia of speech caused by stroke were assessed. The types of error committed by patients were analyzed both quantitatively and qualitatively, and frequencies compared. We observed the presence of substitution, omission, trial-and-error, repetition, self-correction, anticipation, addition, reiteration and metathesis, in descending order of frequency, respectively. Omission type errors were one of the most commonly occurring whereas addition errors were infrequent. These findings differed to those reported in English speaking patients, probably owing to differences in the methodologies used for classifying error types; the inclusion of speakers with apraxia secondary to aphasia; and the difference in the structure of Portuguese language to English in terms of syllable onset complexity and effect on motor control. The frequency of omission and addition errors observed differed to the frequency reported for speakers of English.

  15. Thinking outside our cages.

    PubMed

    Patterson-Kane, Emily

    2010-01-01

    Researchers seem to be stuck reiterating the now-familiar argument that barren boxes are bad for welfare and that rodents are due ethical consideration. But the prerequisites for real progress are new kinds of arguments, new types of data, and removal of very real practical and cultural obstacles to implementation of meaningful enrichment. We must discover what we have to do to effectively change the practices of people who have care and control of rodents in the laboratory, not just husbandry staff but those who develop the institution's protocols, job descriptions, and resourcing. Researchers are inventers of information, and like any inventor we should experience no satisfaction until our ideas are fully implemented-and we must be an active participant in that process. If we are asking animal caretakers to make deep, paradigmatic changes in their thinking, it is imperative that we in turn develop an emotionally positive understanding of areas important to them. For unless the welfare advocates truly understand the issues such as budgets, biosecurity, and branding, why should the people responsible for those subjects listen to us?

  16. Using cognitive behaviour therapy with South Asian Muslims: Findings from the culturally sensitive CBT project.

    PubMed

    Naeem, Farooq; Phiri, Peter; Munshi, Tariq; Rathod, Shanaya; Ayub, Muhhhamad; Gobbi, Mary; Kingdon, David

    2015-01-01

    It has been suggested that cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) needs adaptation for it to be effective for patients from collectivistic cultures, as currently CBT is underpinned by individualistic values. In prior studies we have demonstrated that CBT could be adapted for Pakistani patients in Southampton, UK, and for local populations in Pakistan. Findings from these studies suggest that CBT can be adapted for patients from collectivistic cultures using a series of steps. In this paper we focus on these steps, and the process of adapting CBT for specific groups. The adaptation process should focus on three major areas of therapy, rather than simple translation of therapy manuals. These include (1) awareness of relevant cultural issues and preparation for therapy, (2) assessment and engagement, and (3) adjustments in therapy. We also discuss the best practice guidelines that evolved from this work to help therapists working with this population. We reiterate that CBT can be adapted effectively for patients from traditional cultures. This is, however, an emerging area in psychotherapy, and further work is required to refine the methodology and to test adapted CBT.

  17. The fluorescent treponemal antibody-absorption (FTA-ABS) test for syphilis.

    PubMed

    Hunter, E F

    1975-01-01

    The FTA test was developed at a time when immunofluorescence procedures were not well-defined. Through technique control and research, a modification of the FTA test, the FTA-ABS, has attained a position as one of the leading treponemal tests to confirm the reagin tests for syphilis. In this review of the FTA-ABS test, attention has been focused on reagent development, with the anticipation that reagent standardization may soon become a reality. The T. pallidum antigen obtained by extracting infected rabbit testicular tissue has evolved from a preparation in which the treponemes remained in the initial extracting fluid to a reagent that can be free of rabbit tissue and globulin. These washed antigen preparations improve visibility of the treponemes on the microscope slide, reduce background fluorescence, and reduce or prevent from occurring nonspecific reactions that are a result of tissue and globulin components. Both washed and nonwashed antigens are available commercially, and, to date, little differentiation has appeared on the product label. The predominant immunoglobulin that reacts with T. pallidum in the indirect fluorescent antibody tests appears to be IgG. This is the major immunoglobulin detected in the FTA-ABS test. IgM, although increased in early syphilis, is also increased in other clinical conditions. Several reports suggest that adult IgM detection in the present FTA-ABS test would be nonspecific. Until specific IgM antibody in adult syphilis can be detected without a risk to test specificity, the conjugate for the FTA-ABS test should continue to be an anti-IgG reagent. Class-specific, anti-IgG reagents are more expensive than other reagents; however, their use may eliminate the problem of nonspecificity resulting from IgM detection. Additionally, micromethods can be used to reduce cost, and this possibility should be investigated. The sorbent that contains an antigen to the Reiter treponeme may or may not specifically absorb the reactivity that

  18. Sleep deprivation increases formation of false memory.

    PubMed

    Lo, June C; Chong, Pearlynne L H; Ganesan, Shankari; Leong, Ruth L F; Chee, Michael W L

    2016-12-01

    Retrieving false information can have serious consequences. Sleep is important for memory, but voluntary sleep curtailment is becoming more rampant. Here, the misinformation paradigm was used to investigate false memory formation after 1 night of total sleep deprivation in healthy young adults (N = 58, mean age ± SD = 22.10 ± 1.60 years; 29 males), and 7 nights of partial sleep deprivation (5 h sleep opportunity) in these young adults and healthy adolescents (N = 54, mean age ± SD = 16.67 ± 1.03 years; 25 males). In both age groups, sleep-deprived individuals were more likely than well-rested persons to incorporate misleading post-event information into their responses during memory retrieval (P < 0.050). These findings reiterate the importance of adequate sleep in optimal cognitive functioning, reveal the vulnerability of adolescents' memory during sleep curtailment, and suggest the need to assess eyewitnesses' sleep history after encountering misleading information. © 2016 The Authors. Journal of Sleep Research published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of European Sleep Research Society.

  19. School personnel social support and nonsupport for bystanders of bullying: Exploring student perspectives.

    PubMed

    Wood, Laura; Smith, Jennifer; Varjas, Kris; Meyers, Joel

    2017-04-01

    Defending behaviors by bystanders in bullying situations have been associated with decreases in the frequency and negative effects of bullying incidents. The current study utilized qualitative methodology to investigate the role of perceived school personnel support and nonsupport in students' decisions to display defending behaviors. Forty-six semi-structured interviews were conducted with upper-elementary (n=26) and middle school (n=20) students in the southeastern United States. Qualitative data were analyzed using constant comparison and a recursive inductive-deductive approach. The findings resulted in the conceptualization of a combined social support-nonsupport framework that provides details about the source, description, evaluation, and perceived effects of different types of support and nonsupport bystanders receive from school personnel. Unique contributions to the literature included expanding the sources of support and nonsupport to consider school personnel other than teachers, providing descriptions and evaluations of support and nonsupport specific to bystanders, and demonstrating an overlap between various types of support and nonsupport reiterating the need to consider both supports and nonsupports concurrently. Implications for research and practice are discussed. Copyright © 2016 Society for the Study of School Psychology. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  20. Development and applications of 3D-DIVIMP(HC) Monte Carlo impurity modeling code

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Mu, Yarong

    A self-contained gas injection system for the Divertor Material Evaluation System (DiMES) on DIII-D, the Porous Plug Injector (PPI), has been employed by A. McLean for in-situ study of chemical erosion in the tokamak divertor environment by injection of CH4. The principal contribution of the present thesis is a new interpretive code, 3D-DIVIMP(HC), which has been developed and successfully applied to the interpretation of the CH, C I, and C II emissions measured during the PPI experiments. The two principal types of experimental data which are compared here with 3D-DIVIMP(HC) code modeling are (a) absolute emissivities measured with a high resolution spectrometer, and (b) 2D filtered camera (TV) pictures taken from a view essentially straight down on the PPI. Incorporating the Janev-Reiter database for the breakup reactions of methane molecules in a plasma, 3D-DIVIMP(HC) is able to replicate these measurements to within the combined experimental and database uncertainties. It is therefore concluded that the basic elements of the physics and chemistry controlling the breakup of methane entering an attached divertor plasma have been identified and are incorporated in 3D-DIVIMP(HC).

  1. Probiotics: definition, scope and mechanisms of action.

    PubMed

    Reid, Gregor

    2016-02-01

    For a subject area of science, medicine and commerce to be so recently defined and investigated, few can compare to probiotics for the controversy they have incited. Barely a paper is published without the use of a different definition, or challenging the most used one, or proposing a different nuance of it. The situation has become even more surreal with the European Food and Safety Authority banning the word probiotic for use on labels. The reiteration of the FAO/WHO definition by the world's leading group of probiotic experts, should provide relative consistency in the near future, but what are the causes of these aberrations? This review will discuss the rationale for the definition, and the scope of the subject area and why alternatives emerge. While mechanisms of action are not widely proven, in vitro and some in vivo experiments support several. Ultimately, the goal of any field or product is to be understood by lay people and experts alike. Probiotics have come a long way in 100 years since Metchnikoff and 10 years since their globalization, but their evolution is far from over. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  2. Testing the Neutral Theory of Biodiversity with Human Microbiome Datasets.

    PubMed

    Li, Lianwei; Ma, Zhanshan Sam

    2016-08-16

    The human microbiome project (HMP) has made it possible to test important ecological theories for arguably the most important ecosystem to human health-the human microbiome. Existing limited number of studies have reported conflicting evidence in the case of the neutral theory; the present study aims to comprehensively test the neutral theory with extensive HMP datasets covering all five major body sites inhabited by the human microbiome. Utilizing 7437 datasets of bacterial community samples, we discovered that only 49 communities (less than 1%) satisfied the neutral theory, and concluded that human microbial communities are not neutral in general. The 49 positive cases, although only a tiny minority, do demonstrate the existence of neutral processes. We realize that the traditional doctrine of microbial biogeography "Everything is everywhere, but the environment selects" first proposed by Baas-Becking resolves the apparent contradiction. The first part of Baas-Becking doctrine states that microbes are not dispersal-limited and therefore are neutral prone, and the second part reiterates that the freely dispersed microbes must endure selection by the environment. Therefore, in most cases, it is the host environment that ultimately shapes the community assembly and tip the human microbiome to niche regime.

  3. LDEF meteoroid and debris special investigation group investigations and activities at the Johnson Space Center

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    See, Thomas H.; Warren, Jack L.; Zolensky, Michael E.; Sapp, Clyde A.; Bernhard, Ronald P.; Dardano, Claire B.

    1995-01-01

    Since the return of the Long Duration Exposure Facility (LDEF) in January, 1990, members of the Meteoroid and Debris Special Investigation Group (M&D SIG) at the Johnson Space Center (JSC) in Houston, Texas have been examining LDEF hardware in an effort to expand the knowledge base regarding the low-Earth orbit (LEO) particulate environment. In addition to the various investigative activities, JSC is also the location of the general Meteoroid & Debris database. This publicly accessible database contains information obtained from the various M&D SIG investigations, as well as limited data obtained by individual LDEF Principal Investigators. LDEF exposed approximately 130 m(exp 2) of surface area to the LEO particulate environment, approximately 15.4 m(exp 2) of which was occupied by structural frame components (i.e., longerons and intercoastals) of the spacecraft. The data reported here was obtained as a result of detailed scans of LDEF intercoastals, 68 of which reside at JSC. The limited amount of data presently available on the A0178 thermal control blankets was reported last year and will not be reiterated here. The data presented here are limited to measurements of crater diameters and their frequency of occurrence (i.e., flux).

  4. Clinical Immunology Review Series: An approach to the patient with recurrent orogenital ulceration, including Behçet's syndrome

    PubMed Central

    Keogan, M T

    2009-01-01

    Patients presenting with recurrent orogenital ulcers may have complex aphthosis, Behçet's disease, secondary complex aphthosis (e.g. Reiter's syndrome, Crohn's disease, cyclical neutropenia) or non-aphthous disease (including bullous disorders, erythema multiforme, erosive lichen planus). Behçet's syndrome is a multi-system vasculitis of unknown aetiology for which there is no diagnostic test. Diagnosis is based on agreed clinical criteria that require recurrent oral ulcers and two of the following: recurrent genital ulcers, ocular inflammation, defined skin lesions and pathergy. The condition can present with a variety of symptoms, hence a high index of suspicion is necessary. The most common presentation is with recurrent mouth ulcers, often with genital ulcers; however, it may take some years before diagnostic criteria are met. All patients with idiopathic orogenital ulcers should be kept under review, with periodic focused assessment to detect evolution into Behçet's disease. There is often a delay of several years between patients fulfilling diagnostic criteria and a diagnosis being made, which may contribute to the morbidity of this condition. Despite considerable research effort, the aetiology and pathogenesis of this condition remains enigmatic. PMID:19210521

  5. Universal florigenic signals triggered by FT homologues regulate growth and flowering cycles in perennial day-neutral tomato.

    PubMed

    Lifschitz, Eliezer; Eshed, Yuval

    2006-01-01

    The transition from vegetative to floral meristems in higher plants is programmed by the coincidence of internal and environmental signals. Classic grafting experiments have shown that leaves, in response to changing photoperiods, emit systemic signals, dubbed 'florigen', which induce flowering at the shoot apex. The florigen paradigm was conceived in photoperiod-sensitive plants: nevertheless it implies that although activated by different stimuli in different flowering systems, the signal is common to all plants. Tomato is a day-neutral, perennial plant, with sympodial and modular organization of its shoots and thus with reiterative regular vegetative/reproductive transitions. SINGLE FLOWER TRUSS a regulator of flowering-time and shoot architecture encodes the tomato orthologue of FT, a major flowering integrator gene in Arabidopsis. SFT generates graft-transmissible signals which complement the morphogenetic defects in sft plants, substitute for light dose stimulus in tomato and for contrasting day-length requirements in Arabidopsis and MARYLAND MAMMOTH tobacco. It is discussed how systemic signals initiated by SFT interact with the SELF PRUNING gene to regulate vegetative to reproductive (V/R) transitions in the context of two flowering systems, one for primary apices and the other for sympodial shoots.

  6. The flowering hormone florigen functions as a general systemic regulator of growth and termination

    PubMed Central

    Shalit, Akiva; Rozman, Alexander; Goldshmidt, Alexander; Alvarez, John P.; Bowman, John L.; Eshed, Yuval; Lifschitz, Eliezer

    2009-01-01

    The florigen paradigm implies a universal flowering-inducing hormone that is common to all flowering plants. Recent work identified FT orthologues as originators of florigen and their polypeptides as the likely systemic agent. However, the developmental processes targeted by florigen remained unknown. Here we identify local balances between SINGLE FLOWER TRUSS (SFT), the tomato precursor of florigen, and SELF-PRUNING (SP), a potent SFT-dependent SFT inhibitor as prime targets of mobile florigen. The graft-transmissible impacts of florigen on organ-specific traits in perennial tomato show that in addition to import by shoot apical meristems, florigen is imported by organs in which SFT is already expressed. By modulating local SFT/SP balances, florigen confers differential flowering responses of primary and secondary apical meristems, regulates the reiterative growth and termination cycles typical of perennial plants, accelerates leaf maturation, and influences the complexity of compound leaves, the growth of stems and the formation of abscission zones. Florigen is thus established as a plant protein functioning as a general growth hormone. Developmental interactions and a phylogenetic analysis suggest that the SFT/SP regulatory hierarchy is a recent evolutionary innovation unique to flowering plants. PMID:19416824

  7. A Voxel Based Morphometry Study of Brain Gray Matter Volumes in Juvenile Obsessive Compulsive Disorder.

    PubMed

    Jayarajan, Rajan Nishanth; Agarwal, Sri Mahavir; Viswanath, Biju; Kalmady, Sunil V; Venkatasubramanian, Ganesan; Srinath, Shoba; Chandrashekar, C R; Janardhan Reddy, Y C

    2015-01-01

    Adult patients with Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) have been shown to have gray matter (GM) volume differences from healthy controls in multiple regions - the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), medial frontal gyri (MFG), striatum, thalamus, and superior parietal lobule. However, there is paucity of data with regard to juvenile OCD. Hence, we examined GM volume differences between juvenile OCD patients and matched healthy controls using voxel based morphometry (VBM) with the above apriori regions of interest. Fifteen right handed juvenile patients with OCD and age- sex- handedness- matched healthy controls were recruited after administering the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview-KID and the Children's Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale, and scanned using a 3 Tesla magnetic resonance imaging scanner. VBM methodology was followed. In comparison with healthy controls, patients had significantly smaller GM volumes in left ACC. YBOCS total score (current) showed significant negative correlation with GM volumes in bilateral OFC, and left superior parietal lobule. These findings while reiterating the important role of the orbito-fronto-striatal circuitry, also implicate in the parietal lobe - especially the superior parietal lobule as an important structure involved in the pathogenesis of OCD.

  8. Nutraceutical inherent of Spinacia oleracea Linn. methanolic leaf extract ameliorates isoproterenol induced myocardial necrosis in male albino Wistar rats via mitigating inflammation.

    PubMed

    Vutharadhi, Shivaranjani; Jolapuram, Umamaheswari; Kodidhela, Lakshmi Devi

    2017-01-01

    Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) remain the principal cause of death in both developed and developing countries. The present study was intended to appraise the nutraceutical inherent of HPLC standardized Spinacia oleracea methanolic leaf extract (SoLE) in isoproterenol (ISO) induced male albino Wistar rats via activation of pro-inflammatory signaling pathway that drives myocardial necrosis. Biochemical analysis of ISO injected rats showed significant alterations in the activities of homocysteine, paraoxonase, lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase, C-reactive protein, myeloperoxidase and caspase-3 which were further confirmed by the histopathological examination. In addition, it also flaunted a significant increase in pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 in ISO administered rats when compared with normal control rats. Pretreatment with SoLE (100, 200, and 300mg/kg bw) along with positive control gallic acid, significantly prevented all the adverse effects in ISO administered rats in a dose dependent manner. These results also reiterated the expected amelioration of myocardial necrosis in ISO induced MI rats conveying anti-atherogenic, anti-apoptotic and anti-inflammatory activities of SoLE. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.

  9. Consumption patterns and levels among households with HIV positive members and economic impoverishment due to medical spending in Pune city, India.

    PubMed

    Sharma, Varun; Krishnaswamy, Divya; Mulay, Sanjeevanee

    2015-01-01

    HIV infection poses a serious threat to the economy of a household. Out of pocket (OOP) health spending can be prohibitive and can drag households below poverty level. Based on the data collected from a cross-sectional survey of 401 households with HIV+ members in Pune city, India, this paper examines the consumption levels and patterns among households, and comments on the economic impoverishment resulting from OOP medical spending. Analysis reveals that households with HIV members spend a major portion of their monthly consumption expenditure on food items. Medical expenditure constitutes a large portion of their total consumption spending. Expenditure on children's education constitutes a minor proportion of total monthly spending. A high proportion of medical expenditure has a bearing on the economic condition of households with HIV members. Poverty increases by 20% among the studied HIV households when OOP health spending is adjusted. It increases 18% among male-headed households and 26% among female-headed households. The results reiterate the need of greater support from the government in terms of accessibility and affordability of health care to save households with HIV members from economic catastrophe.

  10. High Neonatal Mortality Rates in Rural India: What Options to Explore?

    PubMed Central

    Upadhyay, Ravi Prakash; Chinnakali, Palanivel; Odukoya, Oluwakemi; Yadav, Kapil; Sinha, Smita; Rizwan, S. A.; Daral, Shailaja; Chellaiyan, Vinoth G.; Silan, Vijay

    2012-01-01

    The neonatal mortality rate in India is amongst the highest in the world and skewed towards rural areas. Nonavailability of trained manpower along with poor healthcare infrastructure is one of the major hurdles in ensuring quality neonatal care. We reviewed case studies and relevant literature from low and middle income countries and documented alternative strategies that have proved to be favourable in improving neonatal health. The authors reiterate the fact that recruiting and retaining trained manpower in rural areas by all means is essential to improve the quality of neonatal care services. Besides this, other strategies such as training of local rural healthcare providers and traditional midwives, promoting home-based newborn care, and creating community awareness and mobilization also hold enough potential to influence the neonatal health positively and efforts should be made to implement them on a larger scale. More research is demanded for innovations such as “m-health” and public-private partnerships as they have been shown to offer potential in terms of improving the standards of care. The above proposed strategy is likely to reduce morbidity among neonatal survivors as well. PMID:23213561

  11. Testing hypotheses and the advancement of science: recent attempts to falsify the equilibrium point hypothesis.

    PubMed

    Feldman, Anatol G; Latash, Mark L

    2005-02-01

    Criticisms of the equilibrium point (EP) hypothesis have recently appeared that are based on misunderstandings of some of its central notions. Starting from such interpretations of the hypothesis, incorrect predictions are made and tested. When the incorrect predictions prove false, the hypothesis is claimed to be falsified. In particular, the hypothesis has been rejected based on the wrong assumptions that it conflicts with empirically defined joint stiffness values or that it is incompatible with violations of equifinality under certain velocity-dependent perturbations. Typically, such attempts use notions describing the control of movements of artificial systems in place of physiologically relevant ones. While appreciating constructive criticisms of the EP hypothesis, we feel that incorrect interpretations have to be clarified by reiterating what the EP hypothesis does and does not predict. We conclude that the recent claims of falsifying the EP hypothesis and the calls for its replacement by EMG-force control hypothesis are unsubstantiated. The EP hypothesis goes far beyond the EMG-force control view. In particular, the former offers a resolution for the famous posture-movement paradox while the latter fails to resolve it.

  12. Why Movement Is Captured by Music, but Less by Speech: Role of Temporal Regularity

    PubMed Central

    Dalla Bella, Simone; Białuńska, Anita; Sowiński, Jakub

    2013-01-01

    Music has a pervasive tendency to rhythmically engage our body. In contrast, synchronization with speech is rare. Music’s superiority over speech in driving movement probably results from isochrony of musical beats, as opposed to irregular speech stresses. Moreover, the presence of regular patterns of embedded periodicities (i.e., meter) may be critical in making music particularly conducive to movement. We investigated these possibilities by asking participants to synchronize with isochronous auditory stimuli (target), while music and speech distractors were presented at one of various phase relationships with respect to the target. In Exp. 1, familiar musical excerpts and fragments of children poetry were used as distractors. The stimuli were manipulated in terms of beat/stress isochrony and average pitch to achieve maximum comparability. In Exp. 2, the distractors were well-known songs performed with lyrics, on a reiterated syllable, and spoken lyrics, all having the same meter. Music perturbed synchronization with the target stimuli more than speech fragments. However, music superiority over speech disappeared when distractors shared isochrony and the same meter. Music’s peculiar and regular temporal structure is likely to be the main factor fostering tight coupling between sound and movement. PMID:23936534

  13. Oscillatory slip flow past a spherical inclusion embedded in a Brinkman medium

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Palaniappan, D.

    2016-11-01

    Non-steady flow past an impermeable sphere embedded in a porous medium is investigated based on Brinkman model with Navier slip conditions. Exact analytic solution for the stream-function - involving modified Bessel function of the second kind - describing the slow oscillatory flow around a rigid spherical inclusion is obtained in the limit of low-Reynolds-number. The key parameters such as the frequency of oscillation λ, the permeability constant δ, and the slip coefficient ξ control the flow fields and physical quantities in the entire flow domain. Local streamlines for fixed times demonstrate the variations in flow patterns. Closed form expressions for the tangential velocity profile, wall shear stress, and the force acting on the sphere are computed and compared with the existing results. It is noted that the slip parameter in the range 0 <= ξ <= 0 . 5 has a significant effect in reducing the stress and force. The steady-state velocity overshoot behavior in the vicinity of the sphere is re-iterated. In the limit of large permeability, Darcy (potential) flow is recovered outside a boundary layer. The results are of some interest in predicting maximum wall stress and pressure drop associated with biological models in fibrous media.

  14. The segment polarity network is a robust developmental module

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    von Dassow, George; Meir, Eli; Munro, Edwin M.; Odell, Garrett M.

    2000-07-01

    All insects possess homologous segments, but segment specification differs radically among insect orders. In Drosophila, maternal morphogens control the patterned activation of gap genes, which encode transcriptional regulators that shape the patterned expression of pair-rule genes. This patterning cascade takes place before cellularization. Pair-rule gene products subsequently `imprint' segment polarity genes with reiterated patterns, thus defining the primordial segments. This mechanism must be greatly modified in insect groups in which many segments emerge only after cellularization. In beetles and parasitic wasps, for instance, pair-rule homologues are expressed in patterns consistent with roles during segmentation, but these patterns emerge within cellular fields. In contrast, although in locusts pair-rule homologues may not control segmentation, some segment polarity genes and their interactions are conserved. Perhaps segmentation is modular, with each module autonomously expressing a characteristic intrinsic behaviour in response to transient stimuli. If so, evolution could rearrange inputs to modules without changing their intrinsic behaviours. Here we suggest, using computer simulations, that the Drosophila segment polarity genes constitute such a module, and that this module is resistant to variations in the kinetic constants that govern its behaviour.

  15. Update on High-Temperature Coils for Electromagnets

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Kascak, Albert F.; Montague, Gerald T.; Palazzolo, Alan; Preuss, Jason; Carter, Bart; Tucker, Randall; Hunt, Andrew

    2005-01-01

    A report revisits the subject matter of "High-Temperature Coils for Electromagnets" (LEW-17164), NASA Tech Briefs, Vol. 26, No. 8, (August 2002) page 38. To recapitulate: Wires have been developed for use in electromagnets that operate at high temperatures. The starting material for a wire of this type can be either a nickel-clad, ceramic-insulated copper wire or a bare silver wire. The wire is covered by electrical-insulation material that is intended to withstand operating temperatures in the range from 800 to 1,300 F (.430 to .700 C): The starting wire is either primarily wrapped with S-glass as an insulating material or else covered with another insulating material wrapped in S-glass prior to the winding process. A ceramic binding agent is applied as a slurry during the winding process to provide further insulating capability. The turns are pre-bent during winding to prevent damage to the insulation. The coil is then heated to convert the binder into ceramic. The instant report mostly reiterates the prior information and presents some additional information on the application of the ceramic binding agent and the incorporation of high-temperature wire into the windings.

  16. KSC-2011-4201

    NASA Image and Video Library

    2011-06-01

    CAPE CANAVERAL, Fla. -- European Space Agency Director of Human Spaceflight Thomas Reiter, left, Associate Administrator for Space Operations Bill Gerstenmaier, and NASA Kennedy Space Center Director Bob Cabana check out a heat shield tile that protected space shuttle Endeavour on its successful trip home. Endeavour's final return from space completed the 16-day, 6.5-million-mile STS-134 mission. Main gear touchdown on the Shuttle Landing Facility's Runway 15 was at 2:34:51 a.m. EDT, followed by nose gear touchdown at 2:35:04 a.m., and wheelstop at 2:35:36 a.m. STS-134 delivered the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer-2 (AMS) and the Express Logistics Carrier-3 (ELC-3) to the International Space Station. AMS will help researchers understand the origin of the universe and search for evidence of dark matter, strange matter and antimatter from the station. ELC-3 carried spare parts that will sustain station operations once the shuttles are retired from service. STS-134 was the 25th and final flight for Endeavour, which spent 299 days in space, orbited Earth 4,671 times and traveled 122,883,151 miles. Photo credit: NASA/Kim Shiflett

  17. KSC-2011-4203

    NASA Image and Video Library

    2011-06-01

    CAPE CANAVERAL, Fla. -- Associate Administrator for Space Operations Bill Gerstenmaier, left, European Space Agency Director of Human Spaceflight Thomas Reiter and NASA Administrator Charlie Bolden chat underneath the belly of space shuttle Endeavour following the vehicle's successful trip home to NASA's Kennedy Space Center in Florida. Endeavour's final return from space completed the 16-day, 6.5-million-mile STS-134 mission. Main gear touchdown on the Shuttle Landing Facility's Runway 15 was at 2:34:51 a.m. EDT, followed by nose gear touchdown at 2:35:04 a.m., and wheelstop at 2:35:36 a.m. STS-134 delivered the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer-2 (AMS) and the Express Logistics Carrier-3 (ELC-3) to the International Space Station. AMS will help researchers understand the origin of the universe and search for evidence of dark matter, strange matter and antimatter from the station. ELC-3 carried spare parts that will sustain station operations once the shuttles are retired from service. STS-134 was the 25th and final flight for Endeavour, which spent 299 days in space, orbited Earth 4,671 times and traveled 122,883,151 miles. Photo credit: NASA/Kim Shiflett

  18. KSC-06pp1618

    NASA Image and Video Library

    2006-07-17

    KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. - Vapor trails flow from Discovery's wing tips as it makes a speedy approach to Runway 15 at NASA's Shuttle Landing Facility, completing mission STS-121 to the International Space Station. At touchdown -- nominally about 2,500 ft. beyond the runway threshold -- the orbiter is traveling at a speed ranging from 213 to 226 mph. Discovery traveled 5.3 million miles, landing on orbit 202. Mission elapsed time was 12 days, 18 hours, 37 minutes and 54 seconds. Main gear touchdown occurred on time at 9:14:43 EDT. Wheel stop was at 9:15:49 EDT. The returning crew members aboard are Commander Steven Lindsey, Pilot Mark Kelly and Mission Specialists Piers Sellers, Michael Fossum, Lisa Nowak and Stephanie Wilson. Mission Specialist Thomas Reiter, who launched with the crew on July 4, remained on the station to join the Expedition 13 crew there. The landing is the 62nd at Kennedy Space Center and the 32nd for Discovery. During the mission, the STS-121 crew tested new equipment and procedures to improve shuttle safety, and delivered supplies and made repairs to the International Space Station. Photo credit: NASA/Tony Gray & Tim Powers

  19. KSC-06pp1619

    NASA Image and Video Library

    2006-07-17

    KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. - Vapor trails flow from Discovery's wing tips as it makes a speedy approach to Runway 15 at NASA's Shuttle Landing Facility, completing mission STS-121 to the International Space Station. At touchdown -- nominally about 2,500 ft. beyond the runway threshold -- the orbiter is traveling at a speed ranging from 213 to 226 mph. Discovery traveled 5.3 million miles, landing on orbit 202. Mission elapsed time was 12 days, 18 hours, 37 minutes and 54 seconds. Main gear touchdown occurred on time at 9:14:43 EDT. Wheel stop was at 9:15:49 EDT. The returning crew members aboard are Commander Steven Lindsey, Pilot Mark Kelly and Mission Specialists Piers Sellers, Michael Fossum, Lisa Nowak and Stephanie Wilson. Mission Specialist Thomas Reiter, who launched with the crew on July 4, remained on the station to join the Expedition 13 crew there. The landing is the 62nd at Kennedy Space Center and the 32nd for Discovery. During the mission, the STS-121 crew tested new equipment and procedures to improve shuttle safety, and delivered supplies and made repairs to the International Space Station. Photo credit: NASA/Tony Gray & Tim Powers

  20. Intraspecific ITS Variability in the Kingdom Fungi as Expressed in the International Sequence Databases and Its Implications for Molecular Species Identification

    PubMed Central

    Nilsson, R. Henrik; Kristiansson, Erik; Ryberg, Martin; Hallenberg, Nils; Larsson, Karl-Henrik

    2008-01-01

    The internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of the nuclear ribosomal repeat unit is the most popular locus for species identification and subgeneric phylogenetic inference in sequence-based mycological research. The region is known to show certain variability even within species, although its intraspecific variability is often held to be limited and clearly separated from interspecific variability. The existence of such a divide between intra- and interspecific variability is implicitly assumed by automated approaches to species identification, but whether intraspecific variability indeed is negligible within the fungal kingdom remains contentious. The present study estimates the intraspecific ITS variability in all fungi presently available to the mycological community through the international sequence databases. Substantial differences were found within the kingdom, and the results are not easily correlated to the taxonomic affiliation or nutritional mode of the taxa considered. No single unifying yet stringent upper limit for intraspecific variability, such as the canonical 3% threshold, appears to be applicable with the desired outcome throughout the fungi. Our results caution against simplified approaches to automated ITS-based species delimitation and reiterate the need for taxonomic expertise in the translation of sequence data into species names. PMID:19204817

  1. Health policies in Brazil in times of contradiction: paths and pitfalls in the construction of a universal system.

    PubMed

    Machado, Cristiani Vieira; Lima, Luciana Dias de; Baptista, Tatiana Wargas de Faria

    2017-10-02

    This article analyzes the trajectory of national health policy in Brazil from 1990 to 2016 and explores the policy's contradictions and conditioning factors during the same period. Continuities and changes were seen in the policy's context, process, and content in five distinct moments. The analysis of the policy's conditioning factors showed that the Constitutional framework, institutional arrangements, and action by health sector stakeholders were central to the expansion of public programs and services, providing the material foundations and expanding the basis of support for the Brazilian Unified National Health System at the health sector level. However, historical and structural limitations, institutional legacies, and the dispute between projects for the sector have influenced national health policy. Interaction between these conditioning factors explains the policy's contradictions during the period, for example with regard to health's position in the national development model and social security system and the financing and public-private relations in health. Expansion of public services occurred simultaneously with the strengthening of private segments. Dynamic health markets that compete for resources from government and families, limit the possibility of consolidating a universal health system, and reiterate social stratification and inequalities in health.

  2. Gender Differences in Neurodevelopment and Epigenetics

    PubMed Central

    Chung, Wilson C.J.; Auger, Anthony P.

    2013-01-01

    Summary The concept that the brain differs in make-up between males and females is not new. For example, it is well-established that anatomists in the nineteenth century found sex differences in human brain weight. The importance of sex differences in the organization of the brain cannot be overstated as they may directly affect cognitive functions, such as verbal skills and visio-spatial tasks in a sex-dependent fashion. Moreover, the incidence of neurological and psychiatric diseases is also highly dependent on sex. These clinical observations reiterate the importance that gender must be taken into account as a relevant possible contributing factor in order to understand the pathogenesis of neurological and psychiatric disorders. Gender-dependent differentiation of the brain has been detected at every levels of organization: morphological, neurochemical, and functional, and have been shown to be primarily controlled by sex differences in gonadal steroid hormone levels during perinatal development. In this review, we discuss how the gonadal steroid hormone testosterone and its metabolites, affect downstream signaling cascades, including gonadal steroid receptor activation, and epigenetic events in order to differentiate the brain in a gender-dependent fashion. PMID:23503727

  3. An Updated Review of Ciguatera Fish Poisoning: Clinical, Epidemiological, Environmental, and Public Health Management.

    PubMed

    Friedman, Melissa A; Fernandez, Mercedes; Backer, Lorraine C; Dickey, Robert W; Bernstein, Jeffrey; Schrank, Kathleen; Kibler, Steven; Stephan, Wendy; Gribble, Matthew O; Bienfang, Paul; Bowen, Robert E; Degrasse, Stacey; Flores Quintana, Harold A; Loeffler, Christopher R; Weisman, Richard; Blythe, Donna; Berdalet, Elisa; Ayyar, Ram; Clarkson-Townsend, Danielle; Swajian, Karen; Benner, Ronald; Brewer, Tom; Fleming, Lora E

    2017-03-14

    Ciguatera Fish Poisoning (CFP) is the most frequently reported seafood-toxin illness in the world. It causes substantial human health, social, and economic impacts. The illness produces a complex array of gastrointestinal, neurological and neuropsychological, and cardiovascular symptoms, which may last days, weeks, or months. This paper is a general review of CFP including the human health effects of exposure to ciguatoxins (CTXs), diagnosis, human pathophysiology of CFP, treatment, detection of CTXs in fish, epidemiology of the illness, global dimensions, prevention, future directions, and recommendations for clinicians and patients. It updates and expands upon the previous review of CFP published by Friedman et al. (2008) and addresses new insights and relevant emerging global themes such as climate and environmental change, international market issues, and socioeconomic impacts of CFP. It also provides a proposed universal case definition for CFP designed to account for the variability in symptom presentation across different geographic regions. Information that is important but unchanged since the previous review has been reiterated. This article is intended for a broad audience, including resource and fishery managers, commercial and recreational fishers, public health officials, medical professionals, and other interested parties.

  4. Dietary exposure to trace elements and health risk assessment in the 2nd French Total Diet Study.

    PubMed

    Arnich, Nathalie; Sirot, Véronique; Rivière, Gilles; Jean, Julien; Noël, Laurent; Guérin, Thierry; Leblanc, Jean-Charles

    2012-07-01

    Dietary exposure of the French population to trace elements has been assessed in the second national Total Diet Study (TDS). Food samples (n = 1319) were collected between 2007 and 2009 to be representative of the whole diet of the population, prepared as consumed, and analyzed. Occurrence data were combined with national individual consumption data to estimate dietary exposure for adults and children mean and high consumers. Compared to the 1st French TDS performed in 2000-2004, exposure is higher for cadmium, aluminium, antimony, nickel, cobalt and lower for lead, mercury and arsenic. For aluminium, methylmercury, cadmium, lead and inorganic arsenic risk cannot be ruled out for certain consumer groups. It still appears necessary to continue undertaking efforts to reduce exposure to these elements. Due to the lack of robust toxicological data and/or speciation analysis in food on chromium, tin, silver and vanadium to perform a risk assessment, data on occurrence and dietary exposure are provided as Supplementary material. In order to minimize nutritional and chemical risks, the French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES) reiterates its recommendation for a diversified diet (food items and origins). Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  5. Using the social structure of markets as a framework for analyzing vaccination debates: The case of emergency polio vaccination

    PubMed Central

    Connelly, Yaron; Ziv, Arnona; Goren, Uri; Tal, Orna; Kaplan, Giora; Velan, Baruch

    2016-01-01

    ABSTRACT The framework of the social structure of markets was used to analyze an online debate revolving around an emergency poliovirus vaccination campaign in Israel. Examination of a representative sample of 200 discussions revealed the activity of three parties: authoritative agents promoting vaccinations, alternative agents promoting anti-vaccination, both representing sellers, and the impartial agents, representing the customers—the general public deliberating whether to comply with vaccination or not. Both sellers interacted with consumers using mechanisms of luring and convincing. The authoritative agents conveyed their message by exhibiting professionalism, building trust and offering to share information. The alternative agents spread doubts and evoked negative emotions of distrust and fear. Among themselves, the alternative agents strived to discredit the authoritative agents, while the latter preferred to ignore the former. Content analysis of discussions conducted by the general public reveal reiteration of the messages conveyed by the sellers, implying that the transaction of pro and anti-vaccination ideas indeed took place. We suggest that the framework of the market as a social structure can be applied to the analysis of other vaccination debates, and thereby provide additional insights into vaccination polemics. PMID:27058586

  6. Species boundaries and phylogenetic relationships in the critically endangered Asian box turtle genus Cuora.

    PubMed

    Spinks, Phillip Q; Thomson, Robert C; Zhang, YaPing; Che, Jing; Wu, Yonghua; Shaffer, H Bradley

    2012-06-01

    Turtles are currently the most endangered major clade of vertebrates on earth, and Asian box turtles (Cuora) are in catastrophic decline. Effective management of this diverse turtle clade has been hampered by human-mediated, and perhaps natural hybridization, resulting in discordance between mitochondrial and nuclear markers and confusion regarding species boundaries and phylogenetic relationships among hypothesized species of Cuora. Here, we present analyses of mitochondrial and nuclear DNA data for all 12 currently hypothesized species to resolve both species boundaries and phylogenetic relationships. Our 15-gene, 40-individual nuclear data set was frequently in conflict with our mitochondrial data set; based on its general concordance with published morphological analyses and the strength of 15 independent estimates of evolutionary history, we interpret the nuclear data as representing the most reliable estimate of species boundaries and phylogeny of Cuora. Our results strongly reiterate the necessity of using multiple nuclear markers for phylogeny and species delimitation in these animals, including any form of DNA "barcoding", and point to Cuora as an important case study where reliance on mitochondrial DNA can lead to incorrect species identification. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  7. Rupture of extra-corporeal circuit tubing during cardiopulmonary bypass.

    PubMed

    Sai Krishna, Cheemalapati; Naresh Kumar, Palli Venkata; Satpathy, Soumya Kanta; Ram Mohan, Kanteti; Ramesh Babu, Vedangi

    2008-03-01

    Roller pumps are widely used for cardiopulmonary bypass in developing nations by virtue of proven safety during several years of institutional use and cost effectiveness. However, careful adjustment of roller occlusion is needed because they are known to cause spallation, tubing wear, and the occasional incident of rupture of tubing in the extracorporeal circuit. Rupture of polyvinylchloride tubing in the pump raceway during repair of a ventricular septal defect in a 4-year-old child is discussed. The event was managed by exclusion and replacement of the defective tubing during a short period of arrest. Use of an inappropriate boot pump and failure to detect its inclusion in the bypass circuit was a significant departure from protocol. However, because occlusion settings and duration of perfusion were within acceptable limits, a manufacturing flaw could also have contributed to tubing failure, and the event may or may not have been averted by the use of larger tubing. In conclusion, this incident reiterates the need for adherence to established protocol during assembly of the pump and draws attention to the fact that tubing integrity is not a guarantee and vigilance is warranted to handle its failure.

  8. Rupture of Extra-Corporeal Circuit Tubing During Cardiopulmonary Bypass

    PubMed Central

    Krishna, Cheemalapati Sai; Kumar, Palli Venkata Naresh; Satpathy, Soumya Kanta; Mohan, Kanteti Ram; Babu, Vedangi Ramesh

    2008-01-01

    Abstract: Roller pumps are widely used for cardiopulmonary bypass in developing nations by virtue of proven safety during several years of institutional use and cost effectiveness. However, careful adjustment of roller occlusion is needed because they are known to cause spallation, tubing wear, and the occasional incident of rupture of tubing in the extracorporeal circuit. Rupture of polyvinylchloride tubing in the pump raceway during repair of a ventricular septal defect in a 4-year-old child is discussed. The event was managed by exclusion and replacement of the defective tubing during a short period of arrest. Use of an inappropriate boot pump and failure to detect its inclusion in the bypass circuit was a significant departure from protocol. However, because occlusion settings and duration of perfusion were within acceptable limits, a manufacturing flaw could also have contributed to tubing failure, and the event may or may not have been averted by the use of larger tubing. In conclusion, this incident reiterates the need for adherence to established protocol during assembly of the pump and draws attention to the fact that tubing integrity is not a guarantee and vigilance is warranted to handle its failure. PMID:18389670

  9. Integrated Software for Analyzing Designs of Launch Vehicles

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Philips, Alan D.

    2003-01-01

    Launch Vehicle Analysis Tool (LVA) is a computer program for preliminary design structural analysis of launch vehicles. Before LVA was developed, in order to analyze the structure of a launch vehicle, it was necessary to estimate its weight, feed this estimate into a program to obtain pre-launch and flight loads, then feed these loads into structural and thermal analysis programs to obtain a second weight estimate. If the first and second weight estimates differed, it was necessary to reiterate these analyses until the solution converged. This process generally took six to twelve person-months of effort. LVA incorporates text to structural layout converter, configuration drawing, mass properties generation, pre-launch and flight loads analysis, loads output plotting, direct solution structural analysis, and thermal analysis subprograms. These subprograms are integrated in LVA so that solutions can be iterated automatically. LVA incorporates expert-system software that makes fundamental design decisions without intervention by the user. It also includes unique algorithms based on extensive research. The total integration of analysis modules drastically reduces the need for interaction with the user. A typical solution can be obtained in 30 to 60 minutes. Subsequent runs can be done in less than two minutes.

  10. Local prevalence and transmission of avian malaria in the Alakai Plateau of Kauai, Hawaii, U.S.A.

    PubMed

    Glad, Anouk; Crampton, Lisa H

    2015-12-01

    Avian malaria is among the most important threats to native Hawaiian forest birds. It is caused by the parasite Plasmodium relictum and is transmitted by the introduced mosquito vector Culex quinquefasciatus. Temperature increases and precipitation declines due to climate change over the last decade may be responsible for the observed recent expansion in the range and prevalence of avian malaria on the Alakai Plateau, Kauai Island. To examine the hypothesis that conditions are now favorable for transmission of malaria on the Plateau, mosquitoes were sampled with CO2 and Reiter oviposition traps at three sites (Kawaikoi, Halepa'akai, and Koke'e) on several occasions between October, 2013 and April, 2014. P. relictum infection was assessed by PCR or dissection under a microscope. We also surveyed mosquito larvae along Halepa'akai and Kawaikoi streams. We observed that Cx. quinquefasciatus is well established on the Alakai Plateau, as mosquitoes were caught on all field trips, except in April at Halepa'akai, and larvae were found throughout the year. We observed differences in adult abundance among sites and microhabitats (stream vs ridge lines). © 2015 The Society for Vector Ecology.

  11. On statistical irregularity of stratospheric warming occurrence during northern winters

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Savenkova, Elena N.; Gavrilov, Nikolai M.; Pogoreltsev, Alexander I.

    2017-10-01

    Statistical analysis of dates of warming events observed during the years 1981-2016 at different stratospheric altitudes reveals their non-uniform distributions during northern winter months with maxima at the beginning of January, at the end of January - beginning of February and at the end of February. Climatology of zonal-mean zonal wind, deviations of temperature from its winter-averaged values, and planetary wave (PW) characteristics at high and middle northern latitudes in the altitude range from the ground up to 60 km is studied using the database of meteorological reanalysis MERRA. Climatological temperature deviations averaged over the 60-90°N latitudinal bands reveal cooler and warmer layers descending due to seasonal changes during the polar night. PW amplitudes and upward Eliassen-Palm fluxes averaged over 36 years have periodical maxima with the main maximum at the beginning of January at altitudes 40-50 km. During the above-mentioned intervals of more frequent occurrence of stratospheric warming events, maxima of PW amplitudes and Eliassen-Palm fluxes, also minima of eastward winds in the high-latitude northern stratosphere have been found. Climatological intra-seasonal irregularities of stratospheric warming dates could indicate reiterating phases of stratospheric vacillations in different years.

  12. Rollout Strategy to Implement Interoperable Traceability in the Seafood Industry.

    PubMed

    Gooch, Martin; Dent, Benjamin; Sylvia, Gilbert; Cusack, Christopher

    2017-08-01

    Verifying the accuracy and rigor of data exchanged within and between businesses for the purposes of traceability rests on the existence of effective and efficient interoperable information systems that meet users' needs. Interoperability, particularly given the complexities intrinsic to the seafood industry, requires that the systems used by businesses operating along the supply chain share a common technology architecture that is robust, resilient, and evolves as industry needs change. Technology architectures are developed through engaging industry stakeholders in understanding why an architecture is required, the benefits provided to the industry and individual businesses and supply chains, and how the architecture will translate into practical results. This article begins by reiterating the benefits that the global seafood industry can capture by implementing interoperable chain-length traceability and the reason for basing the architecture on a peer-to-peer networked database concept versus more traditional centralized or linear approaches. A summary of capabilities that already exist within the seafood industry that the proposed architecture uses is discussed; and a strategy for implementing the architecture is presented. The 6-step strategy is presented in the form of a critical path. © 2017 Institute of Food Technologists®.

  13. ID’ing Innate and Innate-like Lymphoid Cells

    PubMed Central

    Verykokakis, Mihalis; Zook, Erin C.; Kee, Barbara L.

    2014-01-01

    Summary The immune system can be divided into innate and adaptive components that differ in their rate and mode of cellular activation, with innate immune cells being the first responders to invading pathogens. Recent advances in the identification and characterization of innate lymphoid cells have revealed reiterative developmental programs that result in cells with effector fates that parallel those of adaptive lymphoid cells and are tailored to effectively eliminate a broad spectrum of pathogenic challenges. However, activation of these cells can also be associated with pathologies such as autoimmune disease. One major distinction between innate and adaptive immune system cells is the constitutive expression of ID proteins in the former and inducible expression in the latter. ID proteins function as antagonists of the E protein transcription factors that play critical roles in lymphoid specification as well as B and T-lymphocyte development. In this review, we examine the transcriptional mechanisms controlling the development of innate lymphocytes, including natural killer cells and the recently identified innate lymphoid cells (ILC1, ILC2, and ILC3), and innate-like lymphocytes, including natural killer T cells, with an emphasis on the known requirements for the ID proteins. PMID:25123285

  14. Impact of Rabies Vaccination History on Attainment of an Adequate Antibody Titre Among Dogs Tested for International Travel Certification, Israel - 2010-2014.

    PubMed

    Yakobson, B; Taylor, N; Dveres, N; Rotblat, S; Spero, Ż; Lankau, E W; Maki, J

    2017-06-01

    Rabies is endemic in wildlife or domestic carnivore populations globally. Infection of domestic dogs is of particular concern in many areas. In regions where domestic animals are at risk of exposure to rabies virus, dogs should be routinely vaccinated against rabies to protect both pet and human populations. Many countries require demonstration of an adequate level of serum rabies neutralizing antibodies to permit entry of dogs during international travel. We analysed rabies titres of dogs seeking travel certification in Israel to assess demographic and vaccine history factors associated with antibody titres below the acceptable threshold for travel certification. Having received only one previous rabies vaccination and a longer duration since the most recent vaccination was received were primary risk factors for not achieving an adequate rabies virus neutralizing antibody titre for travel certification. These risk factors had stronger effects in younger animals, but were consistent for dogs of all ages. In particular, these findings reiterate the importance of administering at least two rabies vaccinations (the primo vaccination and subsequent booster) to ensure population-level protection against rabies in dogs globally. © 2016 Blackwell Verlag GmbH.

  15. Applying heuristic inquiry to nurse migration from the UK to Australia.

    PubMed

    Vafeas, Caroline; Hendricks, Joyce

    2017-01-23

    Background Heuristic inquiry is a research approach that improves understanding of the essence of an experience. This qualitative method relies on researchers' ability to discover and interpret their own experience while exploring those of others. Aim To present a discussion of heuristic inquiry's methodology and its application to the experience of nurse migration. Discussion The researcher's commitment to the research is central to heuristic inquiry. It is immersive, reflective, reiterative and a personally-affecting method of gathering knowledge. Researchers are acknowledged as the only people who can validate the findings of the research by exploring their own experiences while also examining those of others with the same experiences to truly understand the phenomena being researched. This paper presents the ways in which the heuristic process guides this discovery in relation to traditional research steps. Conclusion Heuristic inquiry is an appropriate method for exploring nurses' experiences of migration because nurse researchers can tell their own stories and it brings understanding of themselves and the phenomenon as experienced by others. Implications for practice Although not a popular method in nursing research, heuristic inquiry offers a depth of exploration and understanding that may not be revealed by other methods.

  16. LDEF meteoroid and debris special investigation group investigations and activities at the Johnson Space Center

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    See, Thomas H.; Warren, Jack L.; Zolensky, Michael E.; Sapp, Clyde A.; Bernhard, Ronald P.; Dardano, Claire B.

    1995-02-01

    Since the return of the Long Duration Exposure Facility (LDEF) in January, 1990, members of the Meteoroid and Debris Special Investigation Group (M&D SIG) at the Johnson Space Center (JSC) in Houston, Texas have been examining LDEF hardware in an effort to expand the knowledge base regarding the low-Earth orbit (LEO) particulate environment. In addition to the various investigative activities, JSC is also the location of the general Meteoroid & Debris database. This publicly accessible database contains information obtained from the various M&D SIG investigations, as well as limited data obtained by individual LDEF Principal Investigators. LDEF exposed approximately 130 m(exp 2) of surface area to the LEO particulate environment, approximately 15.4 m(exp 2) of which was occupied by structural frame components (i.e., longerons and intercoastals) of the spacecraft. The data reported here was obtained as a result of detailed scans of LDEF intercoastals, 68 of which reside at JSC. The limited amount of data presently available on the A0178 thermal control blankets was reported last year and will not be reiterated here. The data presented here are limited to measurements of crater diameters and their frequency of occurrence (i.e., flux).

  17. An Updated Review of Ciguatera Fish Poisoning: Clinical, Epidemiological, Environmental, and Public Health Management

    PubMed Central

    Friedman, Melissa A.; Fernandez, Mercedes; Backer, Lorraine C.; Dickey, Robert W.; Bernstein, Jeffrey; Schrank, Kathleen; Kibler, Steven; Stephan, Wendy; Gribble, Matthew O.; Bienfang, Paul; Bowen, Robert E.; Degrasse, Stacey; Flores Quintana, Harold A.; Loeffler, Christopher R.; Weisman, Richard; Blythe, Donna; Berdalet, Elisa; Ayyar, Ram; Clarkson-Townsend, Danielle; Swajian, Karen; Benner, Ronald; Brewer, Tom; Fleming, Lora E.

    2017-01-01

    Ciguatera Fish Poisoning (CFP) is the most frequently reported seafood-toxin illness in the world. It causes substantial human health, social, and economic impacts. The illness produces a complex array of gastrointestinal, neurological and neuropsychological, and cardiovascular symptoms, which may last days, weeks, or months. This paper is a general review of CFP including the human health effects of exposure to ciguatoxins (CTXs), diagnosis, human pathophysiology of CFP, treatment, detection of CTXs in fish, epidemiology of the illness, global dimensions, prevention, future directions, and recommendations for clinicians and patients. It updates and expands upon the previous review of CFP published by Friedman et al. (2008) and addresses new insights and relevant emerging global themes such as climate and environmental change, international market issues, and socioeconomic impacts of CFP. It also provides a proposed universal case definition for CFP designed to account for the variability in symptom presentation across different geographic regions. Information that is important but unchanged since the previous review has been reiterated. This article is intended for a broad audience, including resource and fishery managers, commercial and recreational fishers, public health officials, medical professionals, and other interested parties. PMID:28335428

  18. Inverted Barometer Contributions to Accelerated and Extreme Annual Mean Sea Level Changes Along the East Coast of North America

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Piecuch, C. G.; Ponte, R. M.

    2015-12-01

    Recent works have interpreted accelerated and extreme sea level (SL) changes along the northeast coast of North America primarily in terms of dynamic changes related to the meridional overturning or coastal circulations. Isostatic changes related to surface atmospheric pressure loading —the inverted barometer (IB) effect— have been deemed relatively unimportant, but a comprehensive analysis of the IB effect has been lacking. In this work, we use five different atmospheric pressure products to analyze the influence of the IB effect on annual mean SL from tide gauge records. Consistently across all products, the IB effect accounts for about 50% of the magnitude of a recent extreme event of SL rise in 2009 along Atlantic Canada and New England. In fact, the unique nature of the event was largely a result of the extreme IB signal. Estimated IB effects also amount to about 10-30% of recent multidecadal SL accelerations over the Mid-Atlantic Bight and Southern New England. These findings reiterate the need for careful estimation of IB effects for studies that want to interpret observed SL in terms of dynamic ocean circulation changes.

  19. Simplify to survive: prescriptive layouts ensure profitable scaling to 32nm and beyond

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Liebmann, Lars; Pileggi, Larry; Hibbeler, Jason; Rovner, Vyacheslav; Jhaveri, Tejas; Northrop, Greg

    2009-03-01

    The time-to-market driven need to maintain concurrent process-design co-development, even in spite of discontinuous patterning, process, and device innovation is reiterated. The escalating design rule complexity resulting from increasing layout sensitivities in physical and electrical yield and the resulting risk to profitable technology scaling is reviewed. Shortcomings in traditional Design for Manufacturability (DfM) solutions are identified and contrasted to the highly successful integrated design-technology co-optimization used for SRAM and other memory arrays. The feasibility of extending memory-style design-technology co-optimization, based on a highly simplified layout environment, to logic chips is demonstrated. Layout density benefits, modeled patterning and electrical yield improvements, as well as substantially improved layout simplicity are quantified in a conventional versus template-based design comparison on a 65nm IBM PowerPC 405 microprocessor core. The adaptability of this highly regularized template-based design solution to different yield concerns and design styles is shown in the extension of this work to 32nm with an increased focus on interconnect redundancy. In closing, the work not covered in this paper, focused on the process side of the integrated process-design co-optimization, is introduced.

  20. A successful model for longitudinal community-engaged health research: the 2040 Partners for Health Student Program.

    PubMed

    Redman, Romany M; Reinsvold, Magdalena C; Reddy, Anireddy; Bennett, Paige E; Hoerauf, Janine M; Puls, Kristina M; Ovrutsky, Alida R; Ly, Alexandra R; White, Gregory; McNeil, Owetta; Meredith, Janet J

    2017-06-01

    Community-based participatory research [CBPR] is an emerging approach to collaborative research aimed at creating locally effective and sustainable interventions. The 2040 Partners for Health student program was developed as a unique model of longitudinal CBPR. Analysis of this program and its components illuminates both the challenges and the opportunities inherent in community engagement. The program rests on a foundation of a community-based, non-profit organization and a supportive academic university centre. Inter-professional health students and community members of underserved populations work together on different health projects by employing an adapted CBPR methodology. Three successful examples of sustainable CBPR projects are briefly described. The three projects are presented as primary outcomes resulting from this model. Benefits and challenges of the model as an approach to community-engaged research are discussed as well as secondary benefits of student participation. The 2040 Partners for Health student program represents a successful model of CBPR, illuminating common challenges and reiterating the profound value of community-engaged research. © The Author 2017. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.

  1. Highlights: Spring Council Meeting

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Council members present at the May 24, 1981, meeting were Keiiti Aki, Steven Burges (for Jim Wallis), Peter S. Eagleson, E. R. Engdahl, Charles E. Helsley, James R. Heirtzler, Carl Kisslinger, Leslie H. Meredith, Chris N. K. Mooers, Norman F. Ness, Marcia M. Neugebauer, James J. O'Brien, Richard Rapp, Carl Sagan, James C. Savage, Joseph V. Smith, Fred Spilhaus, Donald L. Turcotte, James A. Van Allen, J. Tuzo Wilson, and Jay Winston (for Elmar R. Reiter until his arrival at 6:50 P.M.). David Strangway, representing the Canadian Geophysical Union, and Peter Steinhauser, representing the European Geophysical Society, were special observers at the meeting. Council meetings are open, and a number of section secretaries, committee chairmen, journal editors, and other members attended. The following major actions were adopted by the Council:The experiment of publishing oceanography and lower-atmosphere papers in JGR Green issues alternate to those containing upper-atmosphere papers will be continued through 1982. From preliminary indications the experiment seems to be working, but a full year of data, including a renewal cycle, is needed to assess the success of the experiment. Final decision will be made prior to the 1983 dues notices.

  2. Building capacity in Australian interprofessional health education: perspectives from key health and higher education stakeholders.

    PubMed

    Matthews, Lynda R; Pockett, Rosalie B; Nisbet, Gillian; Thistlethwaite, Jill E; Dunston, Roger; Lee, Alison; White, Jill F

    2011-05-01

    A substantial literature engaging with the directions and experiences of stakeholders involved in interprofessional health education exists at the international level, yet almost nothing has been published that documents and analyses the Australian experience. Accordingly, this study aimed to scope the experiences of key stakeholders in health and higher education in relation to the development of interprofessional practice capabilities in health graduates in Australia. Twenty-seven semi-structured interviews and two focus groups of key stakeholders involved in the development and delivery of interprofessional health education in Australian higher education were undertaken. Interview data were coded to identify categories that were organised into key themes, according to principles of thematic analysis. Three themes were identified: the need for common ground between health and higher education, constraints and enablers in current practice, and the need for research to establish an evidence base. Five directions for national development were also identified. The study identified a range of interconnected changes that will be required to successfully mainstream interprofessional education within Australia, in particular, the importance of addressing issues of culture change and the need for a nationally coordinated and research informed approach. These findings reiterate those found in the international literature.

  3. Nuclear scaffold attachment stimulates, but is not essential for ARS activity in Saccharomyces cerevisiae: analysis of the Drosophila ftz SAR.

    PubMed Central

    Amati, B; Pick, L; Laroche, T; Gasser, S M

    1990-01-01

    Nuclei isolated from eukaryotic cells can be depleted of histones and most soluble nuclear proteins to isolate a structural framework called the nuclear scaffold. This structure maintains specific interactions with genomic DNA at sites known as scaffold attached regions (SARs), which are thought to be the bases of DNA loops. In both Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Schizosaccharomyces pombe, genomic ARS elements are recovered as SARs. In addition, SARs from Drosophila melanogaster bind to yeast nuclear scaffolds in vitro and a subclass of these promotes autonomous replication of plasmids in yeast. In the present report, we present fine mapping studies of the Drosophila ftz SAR, which has both SAR and ARS activities in yeast. The data establish a close relationship between the sequences involved in ARS activity and scaffold binding: ARS elements that can bind the nuclear scaffold in vitro promote more efficient plasmid replication in vivo, but scaffold association is not a strict prerequisite for ARS function. Efficient interaction with nuclear scaffolds from both yeast and Drosophila requires a minimal length of SAR DNA that contains reiteration of a narrow minor groove structure of the double helix. Images Fig. 1. Fig. 2. Fig. 3. Fig. 4. PMID:2123454

  4. Epithelial heparan sulfate regulates Sonic Hedgehog signaling in lung development.

    PubMed

    He, Hua; Huang, Meina; Sun, Shenfei; Wu, Yihui; Lin, Xinhua

    2017-08-01

    The tree-like structure of the mammalian lung is generated from branching morphogenesis, a reiterative process that is precisely regulated by numerous factors. How the cell surface and extra cellular matrix (ECM) molecules regulate this process is still poorly understood. Herein, we show that epithelial deletion of Heparan Sulfate (HS) synthetase Ext1 resulted in expanded branching tips and reduced branching number, associated with several mesenchymal developmental defects. We further demonstrate an expanded Fgf10 expression and increased FGF signaling activity in Ext1 mutant lungs, suggesting a cell non-autonomous mechanism. Consistent with this, we observed reduced levels of SHH signaling which is responsible for suppressing Fgf10 expression. Moreover, reactivating SHH signaling in mutant lungs rescued the tip dilation phenotype and attenuated FGF signaling. Importantly, the reduced SHH signaling activity did not appear to be caused by decreased Shh expression or protein stability; instead, biologically active form of SHH proteins were reduced in both the Ext1 mutant epithelium and surrounding wild type mesenchymal cells. Together, our study highlights the epithelial HS as a key player for dictating SHH signaling critical for lung morphogenesis.

  5. Hospital response to the legalization of abortion in New York State: an analysis of program innovation.

    PubMed

    Miller, J

    1979-12-01

    The reorientation of hospital services in the state of New York to accommodate women's constitutional right to elective abortion was investigated. Market and resource constraints, the social orientations of the organization, and the values of physicians were examined in the effort to evaluate hospital response between 1971 and 1973. Analysis indicates that program innovation in obstetrical and gynecological services to include elective abortion was inhibited by economic factors that generally determined the feasibility of diverting finite resources to a new service and social orientations and values that determined the compatibility of elective abortions with the dominant values underlying hospital operations. The reform of New York abortion statutes and the subsequent ruling by the Supreme Court reiterating the right of women to terminate pregnancy failed to standardize the delivery of health care so that individual rights to service could be obtained everywhere in the state. The social changes ultimately realized through legislative and judicial action were essentially conditional upon the responsiveness of local health care providers. Legal action that failed to specifically address the administrative role of hospitals in social change qualified local access and could not be completely effective in legitimizing the redefinition of abortion in society.

  6. Differential Cellular Responses to Hedgehog Signalling in Vertebrates—What is the Role of Competence?

    PubMed Central

    Kiecker, Clemens; Graham, Anthony; Logan, Malcolm

    2016-01-01

    A surprisingly small number of signalling pathways generate a plethora of cellular responses ranging from the acquisition of multiple cell fates to proliferation, differentiation, morphogenesis and cell death. These diverse responses may be due to the dose-dependent activities of signalling factors, or to intrinsic differences in the response of cells to a given signal—a phenomenon called differential cellular competence. In this review, we focus on temporal and spatial differences in competence for Hedgehog (HH) signalling, a signalling pathway that is reiteratively employed in embryos and adult organisms. We discuss the upstream signals and mechanisms that may establish differential competence for HHs in a range of different tissues. We argue that the changing competence for HH signalling provides a four-dimensional framework for the interpretation of the signal that is essential for the emergence of functional anatomy. A number of diseases—including several types of cancer—are caused by malfunctions of the HH pathway. A better understanding of what provides differential competence for this signal may reveal HH-related disease mechanisms and equip us with more specific tools to manipulate HH signalling in the clinic. PMID:29615599

  7. Sharing the British National Health Service around the world: a self-interested perspective.

    PubMed

    Chalkidou, Kalipso; Vega, Jeanette

    2013-10-25

    As the UK reiterates its commitment to protecting and growing its development aid budget amidst an adverse economic environment for the UK and Europe, we discuss the potential to use the country's National Health Service (NHS) model as a vehicle for promoting the country's economic as well as global health diplomacy and development priorities, through a coordinated cross-government plan of action. With the country's Prime Minister serving as a co-chair of the UN post-2015 development agenda panel,a this is a unique opportunity for the UK to put forward its health system architecture as a highly applicable and well-tested model for providing access to efficient and cost-effective care, with minimal financial hardship. Arguably, such a model tailored to the needs of specific countries could consequently lead to commercial opportunities for UK plc. in areas such as consulting, training, education and healthcare products. Finally, this approach would be consistent with the current thinking on the evolving role of UK aid, especially in the case of emerging powers such as India, where the focus has shifted from aid to investment in technical assistance and cooperation as a means of boosting bilateral business and trade.

  8. [Public-private partnerships (PPPs) in the health sector: global processes and national dynamics].

    PubMed

    Almeida, Celia

    2017-10-02

    This essay addresses several dimensions that promote and consolidate the growing participation by private stakeholders in the decision-making process in health, emphasizing international and domestic factors that have facilitated and sustained the persistence of the neoliberal political and ideological perspective over the course of nearly thirty years (since the 1990s). The article emphasizes the role of intergovernmental organizations in this process, highlighting public-private interactions at the global and domestic levels, with a specific focus on so-called public-private partnerships (PPPs). The working premise is that such linkages alter the power relations in policy formulation and implementation, with a predominance of private stakeholders. The article presents an overview of the development of PPPs in Europe, Latin America, and Brazil, identifying their specific origins and the simultaneity of triggering events. The text reiterates the importance of not overlooking the power of these actors in dislodging them from this political position, whether in multilateral organizations or national health systems. The aim is to emphasize the importance of more in-depth reflection on the subject, backing debates within the sector. This entire dynamic requires rethinking strategies of resistance to preserve the rights won through centuries of struggle.

  9. Microfluidic diagnostics for low-resource settings

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Hawkins, Kenneth R.; Weigl, Bernhard H.

    2010-02-01

    Diagnostics for low-resource settings need to be foremost inexpensive, but also accurate, reliable, rugged and suited to the contexts of the developing world. Diagnostics for global health, based on minimally-instrumented, microfluidicsbased platforms employing low-cost disposables, has become a very active research area recently-thanks, in part, to new funding from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, the National Institutes of Health, and other sources. This has led to a number of interesting prototype devices that are now in advanced development or clinical validation. These devices include disposables and instruments that perform multiplexed PCR-based assays for enteric, febrile, and vaginal diseases, as well as immunoassays for diseases such as malaria, HIV, and various sexually transmitted diseases. More recently, instrument-free diagnostic disposables based on isothermal nucleic-acid amplification have been developed. Regardless of platform, however, the search for truly low-cost manufacturing methods that would enable affordable systems (at volume, in the appropriate context) remains a significant challenge. Here we give an overview of existing platform development efforts, present some original research in this area at PATH, and reiterate a call to action for more.

  10. Cytokinin signalling inhibitory fields provide robustness to phyllotaxis

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Besnard, Fabrice; Refahi, Yassin; Morin, Valérie; Marteaux, Benjamin; Brunoud, Géraldine; Chambrier, Pierre; Rozier, Frédérique; Mirabet, Vincent; Legrand, Jonathan; Lainé, Stéphanie; Thévenon, Emmanuel; Farcot, Etienne; Cellier, Coralie; Das, Pradeep; Bishopp, Anthony; Dumas, Renaud; Parcy, François; Helariutta, Ykä; Boudaoud, Arezki; Godin, Christophe; Traas, Jan; Guédon, Yann; Vernoux, Teva

    2014-01-01

    How biological systems generate reproducible patterns with high precision is a central question in science. The shoot apical meristem (SAM), a specialized tissue producing plant aerial organs, is a developmental system of choice to address this question. Organs are periodically initiated at the SAM at specific spatial positions and this spatiotemporal pattern defines phyllotaxis. Accumulation of the plant hormone auxin triggers organ initiation, whereas auxin depletion around organs generates inhibitory fields that are thought to be sufficient to maintain these patterns and their dynamics. Here we show that another type of hormone-based inhibitory fields, generated directly downstream of auxin by intercellular movement of the cytokinin signalling inhibitor ARABIDOPSIS HISTIDINE PHOSPHOTRANSFER PROTEIN 6 (AHP6), is involved in regulating phyllotactic patterns. We demonstrate that AHP6-based fields establish patterns of cytokinin signalling in the meristem that contribute to the robustness of phyllotaxis by imposing a temporal sequence on organ initiation. Our findings indicate that not one but two distinct hormone-based fields may be required for achieving temporal precision during formation of reiterative structures at the SAM, thus indicating an original mechanism for providing robustness to a dynamic developmental system.

  11. Rethinking the relationship between socioeconomic status and health: Challenging how socioeconomic status is currently used in health inequality research.

    PubMed

    Gagné, Thierry; Ghenadenik, Adrian E

    2018-02-01

    The Scandinavian Journal of Public Health recently reiterated the importance of addressing social justice and health inequalities in its new editorial policy announcement. One of the related challenges highlighted in that issue was the limited use of sociological theories able to inform the complexity linking the resources and mechanisms captured by the concept of socioeconomic status. This debate article argues that part of the problem lies in the often unchallenged reliance on a generic conceptualization and operationalization of socioeconomic status. These practices hinder researchers' capacity to examine in finer detail how resources and circumstances promote the unequal distribution of health through distinct yet intertwined pathways. As a potential way forward, this commentary explores how research practices can be challenged through concrete publication policies and guidelines. To this end, we propose a set of recommendations as a tool to strengthen the study of socioeconomic status and, ultimately, the quality of health inequality research. Authors, reviewers, and editors can become champions of change toward the implementation of sociological theory by holding higher standards regarding the conceptualization, operationalization, analysis, and interpretation of results in health inequality research.

  12. Balancing regulatory control, scientific knowledge, and public understanding.

    PubMed

    Kingsbury, D T

    1988-01-01

    In summary, I would like to emphasize the continued need for broad and vigorous basic research, with a balance between the fundamental work that may eventually lead to commercial products and the fundamental work that is necessary for an understanding of the interaction of many types of organisms within the environment. I would like also to reiterate the need for balance in the regulatory approach so that we do not repress innovation in research and development. Over-regulation has many side effects. In addition to repressing innovation and not taking advantage of our research base, over-regulation leads to reluctance by the capital markets to invest in the future of our new industries, thereby halting their development at an early stage. At the same time, under-regulation leads to lack of confidence by the public and paralysis of the industry based on public outcry and legal proceedings. It is my personal belief that the combination of a sound approach to regulatory practice, based on current scientific knowledge, combined with appropriate communication with the public regarding the new products, will lead to an exciting future for all sectors of industry that use the new biotechnology.

  13. Ingestion Reiterada de Cuerpos Extranos. Forma Inusual de Presentacion del Sindrome de Munchausen por Poderes (Reiterated Ingestion of Foreign Bodies. Unusual Form of Presentation of Munchausen Syndrome by Proxy).

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Terreros, I. Gomez de; And Others

    1996-01-01

    An unusual case of Munchausen syndrome by proxy is reported. A mother with a psychiatric record of behavior disorders and family dysfunction perpetrated the ingestion of foreign bodies (for example, earrings, a screw, sewing needles) on a 10-month-old infant with a history of prematurity, repeated visits to emergency rooms, and nonjustified…

  14. 4-Hydroxy-2-nonenal modified histone-H2A: a possible antigenic stimulus for systemic lupus erythematosus autoantibodies.

    PubMed

    Alzolibani, Abdullateef A; Al Robaee, Ahmad A; Al-Shobaili, Hani A; Rasheed, Zafar

    2013-01-01

    Protein modifications by 4-hydroxy-2-nonenals (HNE) are involved in various diseases. Histones are DNA protective nucleoprotein, which adopt different structures under oxidative stress. This study was undertaken to test the role of HNE-modified-histone-H2A (HNE-H2A) in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Our data revealed that HNE-mediated-lipid peroxidation in histone-H2A caused alteration in histidine, lysine and cystein residues. In addition, protein carbonyl contents were also high in HNE-H2A. HNE-specific quencher, L-carnosine further reiterates HNE-modifications. Specificity of autoantibodies from SLE patients (n=48) were analyzed towards HNE-H2A and their results were compared with sex- and age-matched controls (n=36). SLE autoantibodies show preferential binding to HNE-H2A in comparison with histone-H2A (p<0.0001). Furthermore, HNE-H2A was also detected in SLE peripheral blood mononuclear cells. In conclusion, this is the first study to demonstrate the role of HNE-modified-histone in SLE. Preferential binding of HNE-H2A by affinity purified SLE-IgG pointed out the likely role of HNE-H2A in the initiation/progression of SLE. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  15. High-Throughput Screening by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (HTS by NMR) for the Identification of PPIs Antagonists.

    PubMed

    Wu, Bainan; Barile, Elisa; De, Surya K; Wei, Jun; Purves, Angela; Pellecchia, Maurizio

    2015-01-01

    In recent years the ever so complex field of drug discovery has embraced novel design strategies based on biophysical fragment screening (fragment-based drug design; FBDD) using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) and/or structure-guided approaches, most often using X-ray crystallography and computer modeling. Experience from recent years unveiled that these methods are more effective and less prone to artifacts compared to biochemical high-throughput screening (HTS) of large collection of compounds in designing protein inhibitors. Hence these strategies are increasingly becoming the most utilized in the modern pharmaceutical industry. Nonetheless, there is still an impending need to develop innovative and effective strategies to tackle other more challenging targets such as those involving protein-protein interactions (PPIs). While HTS strategies notoriously fail to identify viable hits against such targets, few successful examples of PPIs antagonists derived by FBDD strategies exist. Recently, we reported on a new strategy that combines some of the basic principles of fragment-based screening with combinatorial chemistry and NMR-based screening. The approach, termed HTS by NMR, combines the advantages of combinatorial chemistry and NMR-based screening to rapidly and unambiguously identify bona fide inhibitors of PPIs. This review will reiterate the critical aspects of the approach with examples of possible applications.

  16. High-throughput screening by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (HTS by NMR) for the identification of PPIs antagonists

    PubMed Central

    Wu, Bainan; Barile, Elisa; De, Surya K.; Wei, Jun; Purves, Angela; Pellecchia, Maurizio

    2015-01-01

    In recent years the ever so complex field of drug discovery has embraced novel design strategies based on biophysical fragment screening (fragment-based drug design; FBDD) using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) and/or structure-guided approaches, most often using X-ray crystallography and computer modeling. Experience from recent years unveiled that these methods are more effective and less prone to artifacts compared to biochemical high-throughput screening (HTS) of large collection of compounds in designing protein inhibitors. Hence these strategies are increasingly becoming the most utilized in the modern pharmaceutical industry. Nonetheless, there is still an impending need to develop innovative and effective strategies to tackle other more challenging targets such as those involving protein-protein interactions (PPIs). While HTS strategies notoriously fail to identify viable hits against such targets, few successful examples of PPIs antagonists derived by FBDD strategies exist. Recently, we reported on a new strategy that combines some of the basic principles of fragment-based screening with combinatorial chemistry and NMR-based screening. The approach, termed HTS by NMR, combines the advantages of combinatorial chemistry and NMR-based screening to rapidly and unambiguously identify bona fide inhibitors of PPIs. This review will reiterate the critical aspects of the approach with examples of possible applications. PMID:25986689

  17. Reflections on writing hydrologic reports

    USGS Publications Warehouse

    Olcott, Perry G.

    1987-01-01

    Reporting of scientific work should be characterized by a logical argument that is developed through presentation of the problem, tabulation and display of data pertinent to the problem , and testing and interpretation of the data to prove hypotheses that address the problem. Organization of the report is vital to developing this logical argument: it provides structure, continuity, logic, and emphasis to the presentation. Each part of the report serves a specific function and each is linked by a connecting logic, the logical argument of the report. Each scientific report normally has a title, table of contents, abstract, introduction, body (of the report), and summary and/or conclusions. Organization of sections within the body of the report is exactly parallel to overall organization; subjects presented in the section title are developed by logical subdivisions and pertinent discussion. The summary and/or conclusions section culminates the logical argument of the report by drawing together and quantitatively reiterating the principal conclusions developed in the discussion. Supplemental information on report content, background of the study, additional data or details on procedures, and other information of interest to the reader is presented in the foreward or preface, list of illustrations or tables, glossaries, and appendixes. (Lantz-PTT)

  18. Advanced Extra-Vehicular Activity Pressure Garment Requirements Development

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Ross, Amy; Aitchison, Lindsay; Rhodes, Richard

    2015-01-01

    The NASA Johnson Space Center advanced pressure garment technology development team is addressing requirements development for exploration missions. Lessons learned from the Z-2 high fidelity prototype development have reiterated that clear low-level requirements and verification methods reduce risk to the government, improve efficiency in pressure garment design efforts, and enable the government to be a smart buyer. The expectation is to provide requirements at the specification level that are validated so that their impact on pressure garment design is understood. Additionally, the team will provide defined verification protocols for the requirements. However, in reviewing exploration space suit high level requirements there are several gaps in the team's ability to define and verify related lower level requirements. This paper addresses the efforts in requirement areas such as mobility/fit/comfort and environmental protection (dust, radiation, plasma, secondary impacts) to determine the method by which the requirements can be defined and use of those methods for verification. Gaps exist at various stages. In some cases component level work is underway, but no system level effort has begun; in other cases no effort has been initiated to close the gap. Status of on-going efforts and potential approaches to open gaps are discussed.

  19. Reduced Fatalism and Increased Prevention Behavior After Two High-Profile Lung Cancer Events

    PubMed Central

    PORTNOY, DAVID B.; LEACH, CORINNE R.; KAUFMAN, ANNETTE R.; MOSER, RICHARD P.; ALFANO, CATHERINE M.

    2015-01-01

    The positive impact of media coverage of high-profile cancer events on cancer prevention behaviors is well-established. However, less work has focused on potential adverse psychological reactions to such events, such as fatalism. Conducting 3 studies, the authors explored how the lung cancer death of Peter Jennings and diagnosis of Dana Reeve in 2005 related to fatalism. Analysis of a national media sample in Study 1 found that media coverage of these events often focused on reiterating the typical profile of those diagnosed with lung cancer; 38% of the media mentioned at least 1 known risk factor for lung cancer, most often smoking. Data from a nationally representative survey in Study 2 found that respondents reported lower lung cancer fatalism, after, compared with before, the events (OR = 0.16, 95% CI [0.03, 0.93]). A sustained increase in call volume to the national tobacco Quitline after these events was found in Study 3. These results suggest that there is a temporal association between high-profile cancer events, the subsequent media coverage, psychological outcomes, and cancer prevention behaviors. These results suggest that high-profile cancer events could be leveraged as an opportunity for large-scale public heath communication campaigns through the dissemination of cancer prevention messages and services. PMID:24274730

  20. Work Process in Primary Health Care: action research with Community Health Workers.

    PubMed

    Cordeiro, Luciana; Soares, Cassia Baldini

    2015-11-01

    The aim of this article was to describe and analyze the work of community health workers (CHW). The main objective of study was to analyze the development process of primary health care practices related to drug consumption. The study is based on the Marxist theoretical orientation and the action research methodology, which resulted in the performance of 15 emancipatory workshops. The category work process spawned the content analysis. It exposed the social abandonment of the environment in which the CHWs work is performed. The latter had an essential impact on the identification of the causes of drug-related problems. These findings made it possible to criticize the reiterative, stressful actions that are being undertaken there. Such an act resulted in raising of the awareness and creating the means for political action. The CHWs motivated themselves to recognize the object of the work process in primary health care, which they found to be the disease or addiction in the case of drug users. They have criticized this categorization as well as discussed the social division of work and the work itself whilst recognizing themselves as mere instruments in the work process. The latter has inspired the CHW to become subjects, or co-producers of transformations of social needs.

  1. Position Paper - pFLogger: The Parallel Fortran Logging framework for HPC Applications

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Clune, Thomas L.; Cruz, Carlos A.

    2017-01-01

    In the context of high performance computing (HPC), software investments in support of text-based diagnostics, which monitor a running application, are typically limited compared to those for other types of IO. Examples of such diagnostics include reiteration of configuration parameters, progress indicators, simple metrics (e.g., mass conservation, convergence of solvers, etc.), and timers. To some degree, this difference in priority is justifiable as other forms of output are the primary products of a scientific model and, due to their large data volume, much more likely to be a significant performance concern. In contrast, text-based diagnostic content is generally not shared beyond the individual or group running an application and is most often used to troubleshoot when something goes wrong. We suggest that a more systematic approach enabled by a logging facility (or logger) similar to those routinely used by many communities would provide significant value to complex scientific applications. In the context of high-performance computing, an appropriate logger would provide specialized support for distributed and shared-memory parallelism and have low performance overhead. In this paper, we present our prototype implementation of pFlogger a parallel Fortran-based logging framework, and assess its suitability for use in a complex scientific application.

  2. A Response to Odland et al.'s Misleading, Alarmist Estimates of Risk for Overpathologizing when Interpreting the MMPI-2-RF.

    PubMed

    Tarescavage, Anthony M; Ben-Porath, Yossef S

    2015-01-01

    In a recently published article in this journal, Odland, Lammy, Perle, Martin, and Grote report Monte Carlo-simulated normative base rates of scale elevations on the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2-Restructured Form (MMPI-2-RF). Their primary conclusion--reflected in the title of their article--is that MMPI-2-RF interpretation is associated with "high risk of pathologizing healthy adults" when the 40 substantive scales of the test are simultaneously interpreted. In this paper, we describe how their conclusion follows from several faulty premises, three of which were already debunked in an earlier article and remain false despite counterarguments proposed by Odland and colleagues. We also address these authors' misinterpretation of their analyses and, furthermore, their premise that MMPI-2-RF interpretive guidelines are flawed because they "currently do not account for a basic statistical principle: Type I (or alpha) error inflation" (p. 1). This premise is irrelevant to psychological test interpretation and misaligned with neuropsychological testing literature cited in support of it. Consistent with suggestions by some of the authors they cite, we reiterate MMPI-2-RF interpretive guidelines designed to mitigate the impact of measurement error (not alpha error) by way of a scientific assessment approach that relies on integration of information derived from multiple sources.

  3. Implications of the Daya Bay observation of θ13 on the leptonic flavor mixing structure and CP violation

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Xing, Zhi-Zhong

    2012-04-01

    The Daya Bay collaboration has recently reported its first bar nue → bar nue oscillation result which points to θ13 simeq 8.8° +/- 0.8° (best-fit +/-1σ range) or θ13 ≠ 0° at the 5.2σ level. The fact that this smallest neutrino mixing angle is not strongly suppressed motivates us to look into the underlying structure of lepton flavor mixing and CP violation. Two phenomenological strategies are outlined: (1) the lepton flavor mixing matrix U consists of a constant leading term U0 and a small perturbation term ΔU and (2) the mixing angles of U are associated with the lepton mass ratios. Some typical patterns of U0 are reexamined by constraining their respective perturbations with current experimental data. We illustrate a few possible ways to minimally correct U0 in order to fit the observed values of three mixing angles. We point out that the structure of U may exhibit an approximate μ-τ permutation symmetry in modulus, and reiterate the geometrical description of CP violation in terms of the leptonic unitarity triangles. The salient features of nine distinct parametrizations of U are summarized, and its Wolfenstein-like expansion is presented by taking U0 to be the democratic mixing pattern.

  4. Comparing Problem Gamblers with Moderate-Risk Gamblers in a Sample of University Students

    PubMed Central

    Shen, Yi; Kairouz, Sylvia; Nadeau, Louise; Robillard, Chantal

    2015-01-01

    Background and Aims In an effort to provide further empirical evidence of meaningful differences, this study explores, in a student population, the distinctions in gambling behavioral patterns and specific associated problems of two levels of gambling severity by comparing problem gamblers (PG) and moderate-risk gamblers (MR) as defined by the score on the Problem Gambling Severity Index (PGSI; MR: 3-7; PG: 8 and more). Methods The study sample included 2,139 undergraduate students (male = 800, mean age = 22.6) who completed the PGSI and questionnaires on associated problems. Results Results show that problem gamblers engage massively and more diversely in gambling activities, more often and in a greater variety of locations, than moderate-risk gamblers. In addition, important differences have been observed between moderate-risk and problem gamblers in terms of expenditures and accumulated debt. In regards to the associated problems, compared to moderate-risk gamblers, problem gamblers had an increased reported psychological distress, daily smoking, and possible alcohol dependence. Discussion and Conclusions The severity of gambling and associated problems found in problem gamblers is significantly different from moderate-risk gamblers, when examined in a student population, to reiterate caution against the amalgamation of these groups in future research. PMID:26014673

  5. Testing the Neutral Theory of Biodiversity with Human Microbiome Datasets

    PubMed Central

    Li, Lianwei; Ma, Zhanshan (Sam)

    2016-01-01

    The human microbiome project (HMP) has made it possible to test important ecological theories for arguably the most important ecosystem to human health—the human microbiome. Existing limited number of studies have reported conflicting evidence in the case of the neutral theory; the present study aims to comprehensively test the neutral theory with extensive HMP datasets covering all five major body sites inhabited by the human microbiome. Utilizing 7437 datasets of bacterial community samples, we discovered that only 49 communities (less than 1%) satisfied the neutral theory, and concluded that human microbial communities are not neutral in general. The 49 positive cases, although only a tiny minority, do demonstrate the existence of neutral processes. We realize that the traditional doctrine of microbial biogeography “Everything is everywhere, but the environment selects” first proposed by Baas-Becking resolves the apparent contradiction. The first part of Baas-Becking doctrine states that microbes are not dispersal-limited and therefore are neutral prone, and the second part reiterates that the freely dispersed microbes must endure selection by the environment. Therefore, in most cases, it is the host environment that ultimately shapes the community assembly and tip the human microbiome to niche regime. PMID:27527985

  6. Historical changes in genotypic frequencies at the Pantophysin locus in Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) in Icelandic waters: evidence of fisheries-induced selection?

    PubMed Central

    Jakobsdóttir, Klara B; Pardoe, Heidi; Magnússon, Árni; Björnsson, Höskuldur; Pampoulie, Christophe; Ruzzante, Daniel E; Marteinsdóttir, Guðrún

    2011-01-01

    The intense fishing mortality imposed on Atlantic cod in Icelandic waters during recent decades has resulted in marked changes in stock abundance, as well as in age and size composition. Using a molecular marker known to be under selection (Pan I) along with a suite of six neutral microsatellite loci, we analysed an archived data set and revealed evidence of distinct temporal changes in the frequencies of genotypes at the Pan I locus among spawning Icelandic cod, collected between 1948 and 2002, a period characterized by high fishing pressure. Concurrently, temporal stability in the composition of the microsatellite loci was established within the same data set. The frequency of the Pan IBB genotype decreased over a period of six decades, concomitant with considerable spatial and technical changes in fishing effort that resulted in the disappearance of older individuals from the fishable stock. Consequently, these changes have likely led to a change in the genotype frequencies at this locus in the spawning stock of Icelandic cod. The study highlights the value of molecular genetic approaches that combine functional and neutral markers examined in the same set of individuals for investigations of the selective effects of harvesting and reiterates the need for an evolutionary dimension to fisheries management. PMID:25568005

  7. Treponema pallidum Invades Intercellular Junctions of Endothelial Cell Monolayers

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Thomas, D. Denee; Navab, Mahamad; Haake, David A.; Fogelman, Alan M.; Miller, James N.; Lovett, Michael A.

    1988-05-01

    The pathogenesis of syphilis reflects invasive properties of Treponema pallidum, but the actual mode of tissue invasion is unknown. We have found two in vitro parallels of treponemal invasiveness. We tested whether motile T. pallidum could invade host cells by determining the fate of radiolabeled motile organisms added to a HeLa cell monolayer; 26% of treponemes associated with the monolayer in a trypsin-resistant niche, presumably between the monolayer and the surface to which it adhered, but did not attain intracellularity. Attachment of T. pallidum to cultured human and rabbit aortic and human umbilical vein endothelial cells was 2-fold greater than to HeLa cells. We added T. pallidum to aortic endothelial cells grown on membrane filters under conditions in which tight intercellular junctions had formed. T. pallidum was able to pass through the endothelial cell monolayers without altering tight junctions, as measured by electrical resistance. In contrast, heat-killed T. pallidum and the nonpathogen Treponema phagedenis biotype Reiter failed to penetrate the monolayer. Transmission electron micrographs of sections of the monolayer showed T. pallidum in intercellular junctions. Our in vitro observations suggest that these highly motile spirochetes may leave the circulation by invading the junctions between endothelial cells.

  8. "Some convincing arguments to pass back to nervous customers": the role of the tobacco retailer in the Australian tobacco industry's smoker reassurance campaign 1950–1978

    PubMed Central

    Tofler, A; Chapman, S

    2003-01-01

    Background: Epidemiological studies and reports on smoking and health published in the 1950s and 1960s threatened the tobacco industry worldwide, which acted to reassure smokers and counteract mounting evidence that smoking posed a serious risk to smokers' health. Objective: To document the use of tobacco retailers (1) as a conduit to pass messages of reassurance onto smokers, and (2) to recruit youth and women into smoking. Methods: Review of an extensive collection of Australian tobacco retail trade journals (1950–1978) for articles consistent with the industry's efforts to counter messages about smoking and health, and how to attract non-smokers, particularly youth and women. Results: The main arguments advanced in the journals included the notion that air pollution and other substances cause cancer, that "statistics" did not constitute proof in the tobacco health scare, and that the industry was committed to research into the causes of cancer and into developing a "safer" cigarette. Conclusions: Numerous articles designed to be reiterated to customers were published, arguing against the link between tobacco and ill health. Tobacco retailers, salesmen and retail trade organisations played a significant role in dissembling the tobacco health nexus. Tobacco retail journals may be an important component in tobacco industry misinformation strategies. PMID:14645943

  9. Life is determined by its environment

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Torday, John S.; Miller, William B.

    2016-10-01

    A well-developed theory of evolutionary biology requires understanding of the origins of life on Earth. However, the initial conditions (ontology) and causal (epistemology) bases on which physiology proceeded have more recently been called into question, given the teleologic nature of Darwinian evolutionary thinking. When evolutionary development is focused on cellular communication, a distinctly different perspective unfolds. The cellular communicative-molecular approach affords a logical progression for the evolutionary narrative based on the basic physiologic properties of the cell. Critical to this appraisal is recognition of the cell as a fundamental reiterative unit of reciprocating communication that receives information from and reacts to epiphenomena to solve problems. Following the course of vertebrate physiology from its unicellular origins instead of its overt phenotypic appearances and functional associations provides a robust, predictive picture for the means by which complex physiology evolved from unicellular organisms. With this foreknowledge of physiologic principles, we can determine the fundamentals of Physiology based on cellular first principles using a logical, predictable method. Thus, evolutionary creativity on our planet can be viewed as a paradoxical product of boundary conditions that permit homeostatic moments of varying length and amplitude that can productively absorb a variety of epigenetic impacts to meet environmental challenges.

  10. Ordinary matter, dark matter, and dark energy on normal Zeeman space-times

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Imre Szabó, Zoltán

    2017-01-01

    Zeeman space-times are new, relativistic, and operator based Hamiltonian models representing multi-particle systems. They are established on Lorentzian pseudo Riemannian manifolds whose Laplacian immediately appears in the form of original quantum physical wave operators. In classical quantum theory they emerge, differently, from the Hamilton formalism and the correspondence principle. Nonetheless, this new model does not just reiterate the well known conceptions but holds the key to solving open problems of quantum theory. Most remarkably, it represents the dark matter, dark energy, and ordinary matter by the same ratios how they show up in experiments. Another remarkable agreement with reality is that the ordinary matter appears to be non-expanding and is described in consent with observations. The theory also explains gravitation, moreover, the Hamilton operators of all energy and matter formations, together with their physical properties, are solely derived from the Laplacian of the Zeeman space-time. By this reason, it is called Monistic Wave Laplacian which symbolizes an all-comprehensive unification of all matter and energy formations. This paper only outlines the normal case where the particles do not have proper spin but just angular momentum. The complete anomalous theory is detailed in [Sz2, Sz3, Sz4, Sz5, Sz6, Sz7].

  11. Chemiluminometric Immuno-Analysis of Innate Immune Response against Repetitive Bacterial Stimulations for the Same Mammalian Cells

    PubMed Central

    Jeon, Jin-Woo; Cho, Il-Hoon; Ha, Un-Hwan; Seo, Sung-Kyu; Paek, Se-Hwan

    2014-01-01

    For monitoring of human cellular response to repetitive bacterial stimulations (e.g., Pseudomonas aeruginosa in a lysate form), we devised a chemiluminescent immuno-analytical system for toll-like receptor 1 (TLR1) as marker present on cell surfaces (e.g., A549). Upon stimulation, TLR1 recognizes pathogen-associated molecular patterns of the infectious agent and are then up-regulated via activation of the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) pathway. In this study, the receptor density was quantified by employing an antibody specific to the target receptor and by producing a chemiluminometric signal from an enzyme labeled to the binder. The activated status was then switched back to normal down-regulated stage, by changing the culture medium to one containing animal serum. The major factors affecting activation were the stimulation dose of the bacterial lysate, stimulation timing during starvation, and up- and down-regulation time intervals. Reiterative TLR regulation switching up to three times was not affected by either antibody remained after immunoassay or enzyme substrate (e.g., hydrogen peroxide) in solution. This immuno-analysis for TLRs could be unique to acquire accumulated response of the human cells to repeated stimulations and, therefore, can eventually apply to persistency testing of the cellular regulation in screening of anti-inflammatory substances. PMID:25109895

  12. Transgender Associations and Possible Etiology: A Literature Review.

    PubMed

    Saleem, Fatima; Rizvi, Syed W

    2017-12-24

    Transgender or gender dysphoria has been defined in the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), as distress resulting from the incongruence between one's experienced gender and one's assigned gender, along with a persistent and strong desire to be of another gender, and accompanied by clinically significant distress. Adolescents referred for evaluation often want hormonal therapy and several among them also express a desire for gender reassignment surgery. Furthermore, evidence shows that adolescents and adults with gender dysphoria without a sex development disorder, before gender reassignments, are at increased risk for suicide. For this review, a search of the English language scientific literature was conducted using the PubMed database. This summary discusses the associations and comorbidities of gender dysphoria and reiterates the evidence that its etiology is multifactorial. Transsexualism involves prenatal neuroanatomical changes, has a psychiatric association, and is found to be more prevalent in conjunction with schizophrenia and autism spectrum disorders. Childhood adversities and neglect are also linked to having a transgender identity. Moreover, the evidence favors a genetic predisposition. Likewise, there seems to be a growing concern with regards to the relationship between endocrine disruptors and transsexuals as well as other gender minority populations. More research needs to be done to understand the exact pathways.

  13. Subjective and objective measures of socioeconomic status: predictors of cardiovascular risk in college students in Mumbai, India.

    PubMed

    Suchday, Sonia; Chhabra, Rosy; Wylie-Rosett, Judith; Almeida, Maureen

    2008-01-01

    The relationship between socioeconomic status (SES) and health changes as a society develops. In developed countries, high SES is associated with better health, but in developing countries, high SES is associated with poorer health. However, measuring SES is difficult in countries like India, where the traditional class and caste system are interwoven and complex. The current study explored the relationship between subjective and objective indices of SES and between SES and the metabolic syndrome among Asian Indians residing in Mumbai, India. Participants were a subset of young adults (N = 112, median age 19 years, 24% male) who were part of larger study assessing psychosocial correlates of the metabolic syndrome. SES was assessed through objective (father's education) and subjective (SES ladder) indices. Data indicated that high subjective SES was correlated with fasting blood sugar (r = .28, P < .003), and father's education was correlated with high cholesterol (r = .32, P < .005). Subjective and objective indices of SES were also correlated with each other (r = .24, P < .04). These data reiterate that the link between SES and health is obvious from an early age, regardless of the measures used to assess SES. Given the complexity of assessing SES in developing countries, objective subjective indices should be used in assessing SES.

  14. Long-term shifts in life-cycle energy efficiency and carbon intensity.

    PubMed

    Yeh, Sonia; Mishra, Gouri Shankar; Morrison, Geoff; Teter, Jacob; Quiceno, Raul; Gillingham, Kenneth; Riera-Palou, Xavier

    2013-03-19

    The quantity of primary energy needed to support global human activity is in large part determined by how efficiently that energy is converted to a useful form. We estimate the system-level life-cycle energy efficiency (EF) and carbon intensity (CI) across primary resources for 2005-2100. Our results underscore that although technological improvements at each energy conversion process will improve technology efficiency and lead to important reductions in primary energy use, market mediated effects and structural shifts toward less efficient pathways and pathways with multiple stages of conversion will dampen these efficiency gains. System-level life-cycle efficiency may decrease as mitigation efforts intensify, since low-efficiency renewable systems with high output have much lower GHG emissions than some high-efficiency fossil fuel systems. Climate policies accelerate both improvements in EF and the adoption of renewable technologies, resulting in considerably lower primary energy demand and GHG emissions. Life-cycle EF and CI of useful energy provide a useful metric for understanding dynamics of implementing climate policies. The approaches developed here reiterate the necessity of a combination of policies that target efficiency and decarbonized energy technologies. We also examine life-cycle exergy efficiency (ExF) and find that nearly all of the qualitative results hold regardless of whether we use ExF or EF.

  15. Sterile neutrophilic folliculitis with perifollicular vasculopathy: a distinctive cutaneous reaction pattern reflecting systemic disease.

    PubMed

    Magro, C M; Crowson, A N

    1998-04-01

    The authors prospectively encountered skin biopsies from 20 patients which demonstrated a neutrophilic or suppurative and granulomatous folliculitis accompanied by a folliculocentric neutrophilic vascular reaction of Sweet's-like or leukocytoclastic vasculitis subtypes. While in each case the histomorphology raised diagnostic consideration of bacterial folliculitis, patients frequently expressed systemic complaints such as arthritis, fever, and malaise, and special stains for micro-organisms were negative. Among the clinical presentations were folliculitis, vasculitis, acneiform eruptions, vesiculopustular lesions, and erythema nodosum-like lesions, with the legs, arms, and upper back being the most commonly involved sites. Nineteen patients were found to have specific underlying systemic diseases, namely, inflammatory bowel disease, Reiter's disease, Behçet's disease, hepatitis B, connective tissue disease including mixed connective tissue disease and rheumatoid arthritis, scrofuloderma, and hematologic dyscrasias. The other patient had antecedent bacterial sinusitis in the setting of atopy. The folliculocentric nature of these lesions may reflect preferential processing of antigens through the hair follicle and/or homology between bacterial and follicular heat shock proteins in the susceptible host, namely, one who responds excessively to exogenous antigenic triggers. Folliculitis with folliculocentric vasculopathy may be a clue to underlying systemic disease and/or an extracutaneous infection. Certain light microscopic features in concert with the clinical presentation may distinguish such cases from conventional infectious folliculitis.

  16. A systematic approach towards the identification and protection of vulnerable marine ecosystems

    USGS Publications Warehouse

    Ardron, Jeff A.; Clark, Malcolm R.; Penney, Andrew J.; Hourigan, Thomas F.; Rowden, Ashley A.; Dunstan, Piers K.; Watling, Les; Shank, Timothy M.; Tracey, Di M.; Dunn, Matthew R.; Parker, Steven J.

    2014-01-01

    The United Nations General Assembly in 2006 and 2009 adopted resolutions that call for the identification and protection of vulnerable marine ecosystems (VMEs) from significant adverse impacts of bottom fishing. While general criteria have been produced, there are no guidelines or protocols that elaborate on the process from initial identification through to the protection of VMEs. Here, based upon an expert review of existing practices, a 10-step framework is proposed: (1) Comparatively assess potential VME indicator taxa and habitats in a region; (2) determine VME thresholds; (3) consider areas already known for their ecological importance; (4) compile information on the distributions of likely VME taxa and habitats, as well as related environmental data; (5) develop predictive distribution models for VME indicator taxa and habitats; (6) compile known or likely fishing impacts; (7) produce a predicted VME naturalness distribution (areas of low cumulative impacts); (8) identify areas of higher value to user groups; (9) conduct management strategy evaluations to produce trade-off scenarios; (10) review and re-iterate, until spatial management scenarios are developed that fulfil international obligations and regional conservation and management objectives. To date, regional progress has been piecemeal and incremental. The proposed 10-step framework combines these various experiences into a systematic approach.

  17. Sharing the British National Health Service around the world: a self-interested perspective

    PubMed Central

    2013-01-01

    As the UK reiterates its commitment to protecting and growing its development aid budget amidst an adverse economic environment for the UK and Europe, we discuss the potential to use the country’s National Health Service (NHS) model as a vehicle for promoting the country’s economic as well as global health diplomacy and development priorities, through a coordinated cross-government plan of action. With the country’s Prime Minister serving as a co-chair of the UN post-2015 development agenda panel,a this is a unique opportunity for the UK to put forward its health system architecture as a highly applicable and well-tested model for providing access to efficient and cost-effective care, with minimal financial hardship. Arguably, such a model tailored to the needs of specific countries could consequently lead to commercial opportunities for UK plc. in areas such as consulting, training, education and healthcare products. Finally, this approach would be consistent with the current thinking on the evolving role of UK aid, especially in the case of emerging powers such as India, where the focus has shifted from aid to investment in technical assistance and cooperation as a means of boosting bilateral business and trade. PMID:24160168

  18. POSITION PAPER - pFLogger: The Parallel Fortran Logging Framework for HPC Applications

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Clune, Thomas L.; Cruz, Carlos A.

    2017-01-01

    In the context of high performance computing (HPC), software investments in support of text-based diagnostics, which monitor a running application, are typically limited compared to those for other types of IO. Examples of such diagnostics include reiteration of configuration parameters, progress indicators, simple metrics (e.g., mass conservation, convergence of solvers, etc.), and timers. To some degree, this difference in priority is justifiable as other forms of output are the primary products of a scientific model and, due to their large data volume, much more likely to be a significant performance concern. In contrast, text-based diagnostic content is generally not shared beyond the individual or group running an application and is most often used to troubleshoot when something goes wrong. We suggest that a more systematic approach enabled by a logging facility (or 'logger') similar to those routinely used by many communities would provide significant value to complex scientific applications. In the context of high-performance computing, an appropriate logger would provide specialized support for distributed and shared-memory parallelism and have low performance overhead. In this paper, we present our prototype implementation of pFlogger - a parallel Fortran-based logging framework, and assess its suitability for use in a complex scientific application.

  19. Challenges and Opportunities: What Can We Learn from Patients Living with Chronic Musculoskeletal Conditions, Health Professionals and Carers about the Concept of Health Literacy Using Qualitative Methods of Inquiry?

    PubMed Central

    Salter, Charlotte; Brainard, Julii; McDaid, Lisa; Loke, Yoon

    2014-01-01

    The field of health literacy continues to evolve and concern public health researchers and yet remains a largely overlooked concept elsewhere in the healthcare system. We conducted focus group discussions in England UK, about the concept of health literacy with older patients with chronic musculoskeletal conditions (mean age  = 73.4 years), carers and health professionals. Our research posed methodological, intellectual and practical challenges. Gaps in conceptualisation and expectations were revealed, reiterating deficiencies in predominant models for understanding health literacy and methodological shortcomings of using focus groups in qualitative research for this topic. Building on this unique insight into what the concept of health literacy meant to participants, we present analysis of our findings on factors perceived to foster and inhibit health literacy and on the issue of responsibility in health literacy. Patients saw health literacy as a result of an inconsistent interactive process and the implications as wide ranging; healthcare professionals had more heterogeneous views. All focus group discussants agreed that health literacy most benefited from good inter-personal communication and partnership. By proposing a needs-based approach to health literacy we offer an alternative way of conceptualising health literacy to help improve the health of older people with chronic conditions. PMID:25375767

  20. Periodic table of virus capsids: implications for natural selection and design.

    PubMed

    Mannige, Ranjan V; Brooks, Charles L

    2010-03-04

    For survival, most natural viruses depend upon the existence of spherical capsids: protective shells of various sizes composed of protein subunits. So far, general evolutionary pressures shaping capsid design have remained elusive, even though an understanding of such properties may help in rationally impeding the virus life cycle and designing efficient nano-assemblies. This report uncovers an unprecedented and species-independent evolutionary pressure on virus capsids, based on the the notion that the simplest capsid designs (or those capsids with the lowest "hexamer complexity", C(h)) are the fittest, which was shown to be true for all available virus capsids. The theories result in a physically meaningful periodic table of virus capsids that uncovers strong and overarching evolutionary pressures, while also offering geometric explanations to other capsid properties (rigidity, pleomorphy, auxiliary requirements, etc.) that were previously considered to be unrelatable properties of the individual virus. Apart from describing a universal rule for virus capsid evolution, our work (especially the periodic table) provides a language with which highly diverse virus capsids, unified only by geometry, may be described and related to each other. Finally, the available virus structure databases and other published data reiterate the predicted geometry-derived rules, reinforcing the role of geometry in the natural selection and design of virus capsids.