Phenotypic Differences Among Leipothrix dipsacivagus Pet. et Rector and L. knautiae (Liro) (Acari: Prostigmata: Eriophyidae) Populations Inhabiting Dipsacus L. and Knautia L. (Dipsacaceae) Plants

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Only three eriophyoid mite species of the genus Leipothrix Keifer are known to occur on dipsacaceous plants including hosts in the genera Knautia (L.) Succisa Haller, and Dipsacus L.. These three species are similar, but differ in few key characters. Description of eriophyoids includes over 250 char...

A Model of Psychopathology Based on an Integration of MMPI Actuarial Systems.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Skinner, Harvey A.; Jackson, Douglas N.

1978-01-01

Evaluated relationships among Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) code types from the Gilberstadt and Duker and the Marks, Seeman, and Haller systems. Superordinate types were identified: neurotic, psychotic and sociopathic. Data from the MMPI do not support the practice of highly differentiated classification within the three…

Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the Association for Education in Journalism and Mass Communication (80th, Chicago, Illinois, July 30-August 2, 1997): History.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Association for Education in Journalism and Mass Communication.

The History section of the Proceedings contains the following 12 papers: "Change on Tap for Nashville: The Telegraph and News Content, 1860" (Frank E. Fee, Jr.); "Rod Sterling's 'Hegemony Zone'" (Bob Pondillo); "The Publications of the Carlisle Indian School: Cultural Voices or Pure Propaganda?" (Beth A. Haller);…

Elevated serum IGF-1 level enhances retinal and choroidal thickness in untreated acromegaly patients.

PubMed

Zhang, Xia; Ma, Jin; Wang, Yuhan; Li, Lüe; Gao, Lu; Guo, Xiaopeng; Xing, Bing; Zhong, Yong

2018-03-01

1) To compare the retinal, choroidal, Haller's layer, and Sattler's/choriocapillaris thicknesses of untreated acromegaly patients without chiasm compression or diabetes mellitus and healthy controls. 2) To evaluate the correlations of retinal and choroidal thicknesses with serum growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF) burden. This prospective, case-control study included 27 untreated acromegaly patients and 27 sex-matched and age-matched controls. Subfoveal choroidal, Haller's layer and Sattler's/choriocapillaris thicknesses were determined by enhanced-depth imaging optical coherence tomography (EDI-OCT). Foveal and macular retinal thicknesses were determined with SD-OCT. GH and IGF-1 burdens were defined as the product of disease duration and treatment-naïve serum GH and IGF-1 levels. Compared with healthy controls, patients with acromegaly exhibited significantly increased foveal retinal (p = 0.003), subfoveal choroidal (p < 0.001), and Haller's layer (p < 0.001) thicknesses, with no differences in Sattler's/choriocapillaris layer thickness. Multiple point measurements in the posterior pole area showed equally increased nasal and temporal parts of the choroid. The retinal thickness maps of the two groups did not significantly differ. Correlation analysis indicated that choroidal thickness was significantly correlated with disease duration (p = 0.01), serum IGF-1 level (p = 0.03) and IGF-1 burden (p = 0.009). No significant correlations were detected between choroidal thickness and GH burden (p = 0.44). Retinal thickness was not significantly correlated with any factor. The choroidal thickness of acromegaly patients was greater than that of healthy controls and was significantly correlated with disease duration, IGF-1 level and IGF-1 burden, indicating that excessive serum IGF-1 and its exposure time have a combined effect on choroidal thickness.

Function and structure in early modern muscular mechanics. Four episodes and a dialogue between Stensen and Borelli on two chief muscular systems.

PubMed

Kardel, T

1997-01-01

The dispute on the movement of skeletal muscles in 1667 between Giovanni Alfonso Borelli, who maintained the ancient movement caused by inflation theory, and Niels Stensen (Nicolaus Steno), who proposed the first recorded theory of fibre contraction, had far reaching implications for understanding the relation between muscle morphology and function. A dialogue is reconstructed from citations from the two authors' main works. They had a similar dispute on the movement of the heart along the lines of the debate in the 1630s between William Harvey favouring contraction and René Descartes favouring swelling. Evidence is provided for the delayed general acceptance of fibre contraction in both heart and skeletal muscles. It is shown that the inflation interpretation of muscular mechanics elaborated by Borelli, Johann Bernoulli, his son Daniel, and by others, was maintained from ancient authors and Descartes in part due to a conceptual block resulting from the mechanical philosophy that denied any force of attraction in nature. The alternative theory, that of fibre contraction, was thought of as self-motion, which violated an accepted mechanical principle and therefore was rejected. In the mid-18th century, Albrecht von Haller recorded no microscopic structures in support of inflation. He adopted the view that contraction in fibres of muscles is generated through an 'irritability'. Research on this entity has taken place ever since with a clear preponderance of studies on single fibre properties and subcellular structures. Haller did not, however, refer to the original contribution of Stensen on fibre contraction. Haller even rejected Stensen's functional architecture of skeletal muscle. This structure, now called the unipennate, or semipennate, actuator, was overlooked and had to await confirmation by anatomical rediscovery and pragmatic demonstration through successful applications in computer models of muscular contraction in the 1980s.

En face choroidal vascular feature imaging in acute and chronic central serous chorioretinopathy using swept source optical coherence tomography.

PubMed

Lee, Won June; Lee, Jung Wook; Park, Seung Hun; Lee, Byung Ro

2017-05-01

To evaluate the variable depth tomographic features of choroidal vasculature in acute and chronic central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) using swept source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) en face imaging. We retrospectively reviewed the en face SS-OCT images of 29 patients that presented with acute (12 eyes) or chronic (17 eyes) CSC. All of the patient eyes underwent 6×6 macular scans with SS-OCT (DRI OCT-1, Topcon, Tokyo, Japan), fluorescein angiography and indocyanine green angiography. The en face image was used to investigate the choroidal vasculature of each layer. Moreover, we determined that some parts corresponded to choriocapillaris and Sattler's layer attenuation, whereas choroidal vessel dilatation was associated with Haller's layer. At Haller's layer level, choroidal vessel dilatation was observed in 11 of 12 acute CSC (91.7%) and 15 of 17 chronic CSC (88.2%). In acute CSC, choroidal vessel dilatation was divided into focal (9/11; 81.8%) and diffuse (2/11; 18.2%) patterns. The chronic CSC cases demonstrated different patterns of choroidal vessel dilatation: focal (5/15; 33.3%) and diffuse (10/15; 66.6%). Ten of the acute CSC eyes (83.3%) and 14 of the chronic CSC eyes (82.4%) were found to have obscured choriocapillaris and Sattler's layers on en face imaging. En face imaging of SS-OCT is useful when combined with angiography in CSC for evaluating choroidal vessel dilatation at Haller's layer and to identify obscured upper layers. We identified different choroidal vessel dilatation patterns between acute and chronic CSC. These findings might be useful for pathophysiological understanding of CSC. Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://www.bmj.com/company/products-services/rights-and-licensing/.

One Burn, One Standard

DTIC Science & Technology

2014-09-01

Johannes Kepler University Linz Software GmbH Research Department Medical Informatics Hagenberg, Austria Herbert L. Haller, MD Trauma Hospital Linz of...0000000000000004 Address correspondence to M. Giretzlehner, PhD, Johannes Kepler University Linz, RISC Software GmbH, Research Department Medical Informatics, Softwarepark 35, 4232 Hagenberg, Austria. One Burn, One Standard LETTER TO THE EDITOR

[The early years of anatomy and obstetrics at the Göttingen University, 1734-1760].

PubMed

Rab, Irén

2014-03-16

In the Age of Enlightenment medical education was based on new fundamentals. According to experts at that time, a medical faculty had to have five branches: anatomy, botany, chemistry, practical and theoretical medicine. Perhaps Göttingen was the most successful university foundation at that time, because a generous financial support was provided, outstanding professors were invited and an education without censorship was warranted. The spirit of Enlightenment affected both the structure and the standards of education of the facultas medicinae. The word-wide reputation of this faculty was earned by Albrecht von Haller. Haller conceived both the still highly regarded botanical garden and the anatomical theatre, which was the first of its kind in the German speaking area. Furthermore, he founded one of the first clinical obstetrics departments in the world. Students gained theoretical knowledge, were trained practically and had the opportunity to make scientific observations and medical experiments. This paper describes the founding era of the medical faculty of University of Göttingen from a historical-cultural view of point, based on contemporary documents from Germany and Hungary.

Symptoms in Pectus Deformities: A Scoring System for Subjective Physical Complaints.

PubMed

Ewert, Franziska; Syed, Julia; Kern, Sonja; Besendörfer, Manuel; Carbon, Roman T; Schulz-Drost, Stefan

2017-01-01

Background  The literature is silent on the relationship between symptoms and the Haller index. Nor is there a classification of the severity of the physical complaints. Materials and Methods  Retrospectively, data from 128 patients (102 funnel, 25 pigeon chest patients, and 1 mixed type) were evaluated. To objectify the symptoms, we developed a score to describe the level of physical ailments. This score includes 10 different symptoms as well as the situation or frequency in which they occur and an impact factor. This depends on how much they affect everyday life. Results  Pectus excavatum patients express physical complaints more frequently than pectus carinatum patients who actually suffer more from psychological stress. We could not find a correlation between the Haller index and symptoms or levels of ailment. Conclusion  Pectus deformities are likely to cause physical and psychological complaints. Since the subjective symptoms did not show any correlation to the chest severity index, they are supposed to be independent from the deformity's extent. Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York.

Stages and Discharges of the Mississippi River and Tributaries and Other Watersheds in the New Orleans District for 1981.

DTIC Science & Technology

1981-01-01

Iq 1- V MISSISSIPPI RIVER AT CIALPETTE. LA. P LUCATIU4. LAT. 29-56-42, LONG. q0-00-12 (CO-CRDINATES RESCALED, lbg). PIER ON UPSTREAM ENC OF AMERICAN...INTERMITTENTLY 10 CAIF, LUMPUTFI) 0AILY. SINCE lAdo . WAHEMkS. .1I,ML~ST, 󈧫.11 FEET UP, MAY 10., 1q27. LCOFSY, 01.70 FOOT ON OICY. 17, 1970. MAXIMUM, JUNE.4 24...WATERWAY ATCLCSELLC (LA.) (WEST AUTC.)% LUCATIO𔃾. LAT. 30-,)5-19, L[NG. q3-17-0. AT WEST ENC UF LOCK, 10.5 MILES SOLTIHIEST CF LAKE CHARLES, LA. (STA. 709

National Dam Safety Program. Hawkinsville Dam (Inventory Number NY 895), Black River Basin, Oneida County, New York. Phase I Inspection Report,

DTIC Science & Technology

1981-09-10

Animal Burrows (3) Sloughing, Subsidence or Depressions A 6 D’FI4E’ SCOPE LGCAt-t L&VtICXn~g~ , /p I .,-15-3(9/bo) 3 (L) Slope Protection i/cri_., I (5...821747IFS’ . 1(2) Undesirable Growth or Debris, Animal Burrows 946 Royeas&W’" IOiAILY 6 ~ ~~ 9 (3) Sloughing, Subsidence or Depressions NO QJEL- I rEr-f"o...Is creating a strem whieh is flowing around the rigt conrete abutment and enters the rivor a short distance dwnstrom of the abutment. Ve sugest that

The role of damage associated molecular pattern molecules in acetaminophen-induced liver injury in mice.

PubMed

Martin-Murphy, Brittany V; Holt, Michael P; Ju, Cynthia

2010-02-15

The idiosyncratic nature, severity and poor diagnosis of drug-induced liver injury (DILI) make these reactions a major safety issue during drug development, as well as the most common cause for the withdrawal of drugs from the pharmaceutical market. Elucidation of the underlying mechanism(s) is necessary for identifying predisposing factors and developing strategies in the treatment and prevention of DILI. Acetaminophen (APAP) is a widely used over the counter therapeutic that is known to be effective and safe at therapeutic doses. However, in overdose situations fatal and non-fatal hepatic necrosis can result. Evidence suggests that the chemically reactive metabolite of the drug initiates hepatocyte damage and that inflammatory innate immune responses also occur within the liver, leading to the exacerbation and progression of tissue injury. Here we investigate whether following APAP-induced liver injury (AILI) damaged hepatocytes release "danger" signals or damage associated molecular pattern (DAMP) molecules, which induce pro-inflammatory activation of hepatic macrophages, further contributing to the progression of liver injury. Our study demonstrated a clear activation of Kupffer cells following early exposure to APAP (1h). Activation of a murine macrophage cell line, RAW cells, was also observed following treatment with liver perfusate from APAP-treated mice, or with culture supernatant of APAP-challenged hepatocytes. Moreover, in these media, the DAMP molecules, heat-shock protein-70 (HSP-70) and high mobility group box-1 (HMGB1) were detected. Overall, these findings reveal that DAMP molecules released from damaged and necrotic hepatocytes may serve as a crucial link between the initial hepatocyte damage and the activation of innate immune cells following APAP-exposure, and that DAMPs may represent a potential therapeutic target for AILI. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd.

Withaferin-A Reduces Acetaminophen-Induced Liver Injury in Mice.

PubMed

Jadeja, Ravirajsinh N; Urrunaga, Nathalie H; Dash, Suchismita; Khurana, Sandeep; Saxena, Neeraj Kumar

2015-09-01

Withaferin-A (WA) has anti-oxidant activities however, its therapeutic potential in acetaminophen (APAP) hepatotoxicity is unknown. We performed a proof-of-concept study to assess the therapeutic potential of WA in a mouse model that mimics APAP-induced liver injury (AILI) in humans. Overnight fasted C57BL/6NTac (5-6 wk. old) male mice received 200 mg/kg APAP intraperitoneally (i.p.). After 1 h mice were treated with 40 mg/kg WA or vehicle i.p., and euthanized 4 and 16 h later; their livers were harvested and serum collected for analysis. At 4 h, compared to vehicle-treated mice, WA-treated mice had reduced serum ALT levels, hepatocyte necrosis and intrahepatic hemorrhage. All APAP-treated mice had reduced hepatic glutathione (GSH) levels however, reduction in GSH was lower in WA-treated when compared to vehicle-treated mice. Compared to vehicle-treated mice, livers from WA-treated mice had reduced APAP-induced JNK activation, mitochondrial Bax translocation, and nitrotyrosine generation. Compared to vehicle-treated mice, WA-treated mice had increased hepatic up-regulation of Nrf2, Gclc and Nqo1, and down-regulation of Il-6 and Il-1β. The hepatoprotective effect of WA persisted at 16 h. Compared to vehicle-treated mice, WA-treated mice had reduced hepatocyte necrosis and hepatic expression of Il-6, Tnf-α and Il-1β, increased hepatic Gclc and Nqo1 expression and GSH levels, and reduced lipid peroxidation. Finally, in AML12 hepatocytes, WA reduced H₂O₂-induced oxidative stress and necrosis by preventing GSH depletion. Collectively, these data show mechanisms whereby WA reduces necrotic hepatocyte injury, and demonstrate that WA has therapeutic potential in AILI. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

En Face Optical Coherence Tomography for Visualization of the Choroid.

PubMed

Savastano, Maria Cristina; Rispoli, Marco; Savastano, Alfonso; Lumbroso, Bruno

2015-05-01

To assess posterior pole choroid patterns in healthy eyes using en face optical coherence tomography (OCT). This observational study included 154 healthy eyes of 77 patients who underwent en face OCT. The mean age of the patients was 31.2 years (standard deviation: 13 years); 40 patients were women, and 37 patients were men. En face imaging of the choroidal vasculature was assessed using an OCT Optovue RTVue (Optovue, Fremont, CA). To generate an appropriate choroid image, the best detectable vessels in Haller's layer below the retinal pigment epithelium surface parallel plane were selected. Images of diverse choroidal vessel patterns at the posterior pole were observed and recorded with en face OCT. Five different patterns of Haller's layer with different occurrences were assessed. Pattern 1 (temporal herringbone) represented 49.2%, pattern 2 (branched from below) and pattern 3 (laterally diagonal) represented 14.2%, pattern 4 (doubled arcuate) was observed in 11.9%, and pattern 5 (reticular feature) was observed in 10.5% of the reference plane. In vivo assessment of human choroid microvasculature in healthy eyes using en face OCT demonstrated five different patterns. The choroid vasculature pattern may play a role in the origin and development of neuroretinal pathologies, with potential importance in chorioretinal diseases and circulatory abnormalities. Copyright 2015, SLACK Incorporated.

Evaluation of the treatment of pectus carinatum with compressive orthotic bracing using three dimensional body scans.

PubMed

Wong, Kaitlyn E; Gorton, George E; Tashjian, David B; Tirabassi, Michael V; Moriarty, Kevin P

2014-06-01

The purpose of this study is to measure the effectiveness of compressive orthotic brace therapy for the treatment of pectus carinatum using an adjusted Haller Index (HI) measurement calculated from 3D body scan (BS) images. Pediatric patients with pectus carinatum were treated with either compressive orthotic bracing or observation. An adjusted BS Haller index (HI) was calculated from serial 3D BS images obtained on all patients. Medical records were evaluated to determine treatment with bracing and brace compliance more than 12hours daily. Compliant patient measurements were compared to non-compliant and non-brace groups. Forty patients underwent compressive orthotic bracing, while ten were observed. Twenty-three patients were compliant with bracing, and seventeen patients were non-compliant. Compliant patients exhibited an 8.2% increase, non-compliant patients had a 1.5% increase, and non-brace patients exhibited a 2.5% increase in BS HI. The change in BS HI of compliant patients was significantly different compared to non-brace patients (p=0.004) and non-compliant patients (p<0.001). Three dimensional BS is an effective, radiation free, and objective means to evaluate patients treated with compressive orthotic bracing. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

The Effects of NiTi Hand and Rotary Canal Master U and K-Flex Instrumentation of Root Canal Morphology

DTIC Science & Technology

1992-09-01

MOI•MMIfGY by Robert H. Haller Doctor of Dental Surgery 1983 University of Marjland School of Dentistry A research proposal submitted to the faculty...of the Endodontic Department of the JTiH.SCSA Dental Schcol in partial fulfillment of the requirements for a CERTIFICATE IN M[XfTICS Univxriity :)0...cauterizing the gulp with a hot instrument. In addition to hot instruments, many dental practitioners used boiling oil, herbs, opium, and arsenic to desiccate

Optical Imaging of the Nearshore

DTIC Science & Technology

2010-09-30

understand the dynamics of the nearshore system that we measure. APPROACH We exploit a number of approaches in our work. Our observational...resolution, time domain data of optical radiance at a number of focus research sites. Recently, we have collaborated with Dr. Merrick Haller of OSU to...not display a currently valid OMB control number . 1. REPORT DATE 2011 2. REPORT TYPE N/A 3. DATES COVERED - 4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE Optical

Orientational ordering of a banana-shaped solute molecule in a nematic calamitic solvent by {sup 2}H-NMR spectroscopy: An indication of glasslike behavior

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Cinacchi, Giorgio; Domenici, Valentina

The Saupe ordering matrix of a banana-shaped mesogenic molecule as a solute in a common nematic calamitic solvent has been determined by {sup 2}H-NMR spectroscopy as a function of temperature. The temperature dependence of the Saupe ordering matrix element associated with the principal molecular axis is consistent with a glassy behavior in the reorientational motion of this particular solute molecule. The Haller expression, appropriately modified, provides a good fit to the experimental data.

Unclassified Publications of Lincoln Laboratory 1 January - 31 December 1997. Volume 23.

DTIC Science & Technology

1997-12-31

ADA333490 7497 Nonconventional 3D Imaging Shirley, L.G. Line. Lab. J., Vol. 9, Using Wavelength-Dependent Hallerman , G.R. No. 2, 1996...11883 11905A 11941 A Comparison of Surface Contour Measurements Based on Speckle Pattern Sampling and Coordinate Measuring Machines Hallerman , G.R...Halbritter, J., MS-11729 Hall, K.L., JA-7354, JA-7367, JA-7462, JA-7477, MS-11776A, MS-12227, MS-12409 Haller, E.E., JA-7433 Hallerman , G.R., JA

Measurement of sternal curvature angle on patients with pectus excavatum.

PubMed

Lee, Cory; Zavala-Garcia, Abraham; Teekappanavar, Neha; Lee, Catherine; Idowu, Olajire; Kim, Sunghoon

2017-01-01

Pectus excavatum (PE) is a chest deformity characterized by marked sternal depression. The objective of this study was to quantify the sternal curvature observed in patients diagnosed with PE using the sternal curvature angle (SCA). A retrospective review of lateral chest X-rays of patients with PE from 2006 to 2013 was performed. The SCA was measured in a manner similar to the method of Cobb's angle is used to measure spinal curvature. SCA and Haller index were calculated from the chest X-rays for all patients. Lateral chest X-rays of 202 PE and 196 normal control patients were analyzed. The mean SCA ± SD of PE patients was 40.56° ± 12.88° compared to 22.02° ± 7.65° for normal patients. The difference was statistically significant with a p value of <0.0001. No significant concordance between SCA and Haller index measurements in the PE group was found (Kendall τ = -0.00015, p value = 0.9975). The difference in sternal curvature as measured by the sternal curvature angle between the pectus excavatum and normal patients was statistically significant. Our data suggest that sternal depression evident in PE patients is not a simple linear depression of the sternum but due to curvature in the sternal body.

Probabilistic (Bayesian) Modeling of Gene Expression in Transplant Glomerulopathy

DTIC Science & Technology

2010-01-01

Mengel M, Mihatsch MJ, Nankivell BJ, Nickeleit V, Papadimitriou JC, Platt JL, Randhawa P, Roberts I, Salinas-Madriga L, Salomon DR, Seron D, Sheaff...8217CAN’), Am J Transplant 2007, 7:518-526 14. Solez K, Colvin RB, Racusen LC, Haas M, Sis B, Mengel M, Halloran PF, Baldwin W, Banfi G, Collins AB...Transplant 2009, 9:517-526 29. Mengel M, Bock O, Priess M, Haller H, Kreipe H, Gwinner W: Expression of pro- and antifibrotic genes in protocol biopsies

Preventing, Identifying, and Treating Prescription Drug Misuse Among Active-Duty Service Members

DTIC Science & Technology

2017-01-04

tremendous support and assistance that CAPT Kevin L. Klette and LTC Thomas Martin provided to the team. Walid F. Gellad provided guidance regarding...December 28, 1981. Chapman, C. Richard, David L. Lipschitz, Martin  S. Angst, Roger Chou, Richard C. Denisco, Gary W. Donaldson, Perry G. Fine, Kathleen M...Margaret L. Griffin, Marc N. Gourevitch, Deborah L. Haller, Albert L. Hasson, Zhen Huang, Petra Jacobs, Andrzej S. Kosinski, Robert Lindblad, Elinore F

French chemists and the international reorganisation of chemistry after World War I.

PubMed

Fauque, Danielle M E

2011-07-01

Founded in 1919, the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) was successor to the International Association of Chemical Societies (IACS), which had been founded eight years earlier at the initiative of Albin Haller. The statutes of the IUPAC (like those of the IACS) were written in French, and it was agreed that the IUPAC's administrative headquarters should be in Paris. With these arrangements in place, the role of French chemists generally, and of Haller and Charles Moureu in particular, assumed crucial importance. In 1927, on the occasion of the centenary of Marcelin Berthelot's birth, plans were laid for an international centre for chemistry in Paris, soon to be known as the Maison de la Chimie. From the start, the Maison de la Chimie project was led by the French, most conspicuously by Jean Gérard, general secretary of the Société de chimie industrielle and of the IUPAC. Gérard's contribution to a number of national and international committees, notably for scientific documentation, left an enduring legacy. The years between 1918 and 1927, especially 1918-1919, were decisive for the rebuilding, on many fronts, of international networks embracing individuals and institutions recently separated by war. This article examines the particular case of chemistry, with reference to this wider context and to the widely shared determination to fashion an organisation that would transcend national boundaries and embrace both the pure and the applied aspects of the discipline.

Refractive indices of liquid crystal E7 depending on temperature and wavelengths

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ma, Mingjian; Li, Shuguang; Jing, Xili; Chen, Hailiang

2017-11-01

The dependence of refractive indices of liquid crystal (LC) on temperature is represented by the Haller approximation model, and its dependence on the wavelength is expressed by the extended Cauchy model. We derived the refractive indices expressions of nematic LC E7 depending on temperature and wavelength simultaneously by combining these two models. Based on the obtained expressions, one can acquire the refractive indices of E7 at arbitrary temperature and wavelengths. The birefringence, variation rate of refractive indices, macroscopic order parameter Q, and orientational order parameter ⟨P2⟩ of E7 were then discussed based on the expressions.

Compressive orthotic bracing in the treatment of pectus carinatum: the use of radiographic markers to predict success.

PubMed

Stephenson, Jacob T; Du Bois, Jeffrey

2008-10-01

The treatment of pectus carinatum (PC) has classically been operative, though compressive orthotic braces have been used with good success in recent years. The purpose of this article is to evaluate the use of radiologic measurements in a successful bracing protocol. Sixty-three patients with PC have been evaluated for an 8-year span. The average age is 13.3 +/- 2.5. Follow-up is from 4 to 60 months, with a median of 24 months. Seventeen patients with mild defects elected observation alone. The remaining 46 patients began the bracing protocol. Baseline chest computed tomography (CT) was obtained, and custom-fitted orthotic braces were constructed for each patient. Radiographic markers were evaluated to include the Haller index, angle of sternal rotation, and asymmetry index. Patient surveys and chart review were used to identify compliance and success rates. Pretreatment CTs were retrospectively reviewed by bracing outcomes and radiographic measurements were compared. Ten patients received posttreatment CTs after successful bracing. Of 63 patients with PC, 17 patients (27%) with mild defects elected observation alone. The remaining 46 patients began the bracing protocol as described above. Of these, 10 are excluded from analysis, with 6 patients currently in the early treatment phase and 4 who have been lost to follow-up. Of the remaining 36 patients, 8 failed bracing because of noncompliance. Of the 28, 24 patients who completed treatment report either good or excellent results after bracing. Eight patients have required surgical intervention, 4 as a result of noncompliance and 4 who were compliant but failed bracing. In patients who were compliant, significant differences were seen on initial CT between those with successful outcomes and those who required surgical repair. Haller index (2.85 vs 2.05; P < .05), angle of sternal rotation (27.3 vs 14.8; P < .05), and asymmetry index (1.23 vs 1.06; P < .01) were all higher in the group who failed bracing. In those

Pectus carinatum: the effects of orthotic bracing on pulmonary function and gradual compression on patient compliance.

PubMed

Ateş, Oğuz; Karakuş, Osman Z; Hakgüder, Gülce; Olguner, Mustafa; Akgür, Feza M

2013-09-01

The treatment of pectus carinatum (PC) deformity has been considered to be operative. Some authors have shown that postoperative pulmonary function is worsened. They have suggested that compromised chest wall expansion secondary to surgery leads to compromised pulmonary function. Several authors have advocated an orthotic brace for the treatment of PC. Pulmonary functions after orthotic brace treatment have not been investigated. Between April 2006 and October 2012, 61 patients presented with PC. Orthotic braces allowing gradual compression were prepared according to the anthropometric measurements of individual patients. The brace belt was tightened gradually. The brace was worn 6 h a day during the first week and the bracing time was prolonged for an additional hour per week till 16 h per day has been reached. Pre- and post-treatment echocardiography, pulmonary function tests and thorax computed tomography (CT) were obtained. The pectus severity index (Haller index) and the angle of sternal rotation were measured using CT. Satisfaction from bracing was evaluated by parents or patients at the end of the treatment. While the mean pretreatment Haller index was 1.96 ± 0.24, the mean post-treatment index was 2.26 ± 0.32. The angle of rotation was improved by 47.5%. Forced vital capacity and forced expiratory volume in 1 second were correlated with the predicted values for age. There was no statistically significant difference between pre- and post-treatment values. No skin breakdown or bruising was encountered. The overall average satisfaction score was 3.92 ± 0.27. We conclude that pulmonary function tests are not affected after brace treatment and gradual progression of bracing increases the patient's compliance.

Choroidal OCT

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Esmaeelpour, Marieh; Drexler, Wolfgang

Novel imaging devices, imaging strategies and automated image analysis with optical coherence tomography have improved our understanding of the choroid in health and pathology. Non-invasive in-vivo high resolution choroidal imaging has had its highest impact in the investigation of macular diseases such as diabetes macular edema and age-related macular degeneration. Choroidal thickness may provide a clinically feasible measure of disease stage and treatment success. It will even support disease diagnosis and phenotyping as is demonstrated in this chapter. Utilizing color coded thickness mapping of the choroid and its Sattler's and Haller's layer may further strengthen the sensitivity of the investigation findings.

Music, Mechanism, and the “Sonic Turn” in Physical Diagnosis

PubMed Central

Pesic, Peter

2016-01-01

The sonic diagnostic techniques of percussion and mediate auscultation advocated by Leopold von Auenbrugger and R. T. H. Laennec developed within larger musical contexts of practice, notation, and epistemology. Earlier, François-Nicolas Marquet proposed a musical notation of pulse that connected felt pulsation with heard music. Though contemporary vitalists rejected Marquet's work, mechanists such as Albrecht von Haller included it into the larger discourse about the physiological manifestations of bodily fluids and fibers. Educated in that mechanistic physiology, Auenbrugger used musical vocabulary to present his work on thoracic percussion; Laennec's musical experience shaped his exploration of the new timbres involved in mediate auscultation. PMID:26349757

Map and Data for Quaternary Faults and Fault Systems on the Island of Hawai`i

USGS Publications Warehouse

Cannon, Eric C.; Burgmann, Roland; Crone, Anthony J.; Machette, Michael N.; Dart, Richard L.

2007-01-01

Introduction This report and digitally prepared, GIS-based map is one of a series of similar products covering individual states or regions of United States that show the locations, ages, and activity rates of major earthquake-related features such as faults and fault-related folds. It is part of a continuing the effort to compile a comprehensive Quaternary fault and fold map and database for the United States, which is supported by the U.S. Geological Survey's (USGS) Earthquake Hazards Program. Guidelines for the compilation of the Quaternary fault and fold maps for the United States were published by Haller and others (1993) at the onset of this project. This compilation of Quaternary surface faulting and folding in Hawai`i is one of several similar state and regional compilations that were planned for the United States. Reports published to date include West Texas (Collins and others, 1996), New Mexico (Machette and others, 1998), Arizona (Pearthree, 1998), Colorado (Widmann and others, 1998), Montana (Stickney and others, 2000), Idaho (Haller and others, 2005), and Washington (Lidke and others, 2003). Reports for other states such as California and Alaska are still in preparation. The primary intention of this compilation is to aid in seismic-hazard evaluations. The report contains detailed information on the location and style of faulting, the time of most recent movement, and assigns each feature to a slip-rate category (as a proxy for fault activity). It also contains the name and affiliation of the compiler, date of compilation, geographic and other paleoseismologic parameters, as well as an extensive set of references for each feature. The map (plate 1) shows faults, volcanic rift zones, and lineaments that show evidence of Quaternary surface movement related to faulting, including data on the time of most recent movement, sense of movement, slip rate, and continuity of surface expression. This compilation is presented as a digitally prepared map product

The effect of electrical properties for InGaN and InN by high-energy particle irradiation (notice of removal)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Dong, Shao-guang; Fan, Guang-han

2008-03-01

This paper (SPIE Paper 68411H) was removed from the SPIE Digital Library on 8 August 2008 upon discovery that the paper has substantially plagiarized the following two papers: R.E. Jones, S.X. Li, L. Hsu, K.M. Yu, W. Walukiewicz, Z. Liliental-Weber, J.W. Ager III, E.E. Haller, H. Lu, and W.J. Schaff, "Native-defect-controlled n-type conductivity in InN," Physica B 376-377 (2006) 436-439 and S.X. Li, K.M. Yu, J. Wu, R.E. Jones, W. Walukiewicz, J.W. Ager III, W. Shan, E.E. Haller, Hai Lu, and William J. Schaff, "Native defects in InxGa1-xN alloys," Physica B 376-377 (2006) 432-435. As stated in the SPIE Publication Ethics Guidelines, "SPIE defines plagiarism as the reuse of someone else's prior ideas, processes, results, or words without explicit attribution of the original author and source, or falsely representing someone else's work as one's own. Unauthorized use of another researcher's unpublished data or findings without permission is considered to be a form of plagiarism even if the source is attributed. SPIE considers plagiarism in any form, at any level, to be unacceptable and a serious breach of professional conduct." It is SPIE policy to remove such papers and to provide citations to original sources so that interested readers can obtain the information directly from those sources. One of the authors, Shao-guang Dong, accepts full responsibility and apologizes for this plagiarism and has absolved the second author, Guang-han Fan, of any prior knowledge of or professional misconduct in this matter. Guang-han Fan also states that he had not previously seen the paper or given permission to include his name as an author.

Scoliosis after pectus excavatum correction: does it improve or worsen?

PubMed

Chung, Jae Ho; Park, Hyung Joo; Kim, Kwang Taik

2017-07-01

Scoliosis is associated with pectus excavatum. However, the change in the degree of scoliosis after pectus excavatum correction has not been clarified. This study examined how the correction of pectus excavatum influences the status of pre-existing scoliosis. A total of 779 pectus excavatum patients operated between 2007 and 2011 using the pectus bar were retrospectively analysed. Preoperative severity and postoperative change of scoliosis in accordance with the severity of pectus excavatum were evaluated. Cobb angle, Haller index and sternal tilt degree were measured from pre- and postoperative whole-spine anteroposterior radiographs and chest computed tomography. Sixty-three (8%) patients had scoliosis (Cobb angle >10°). No significant correlation was noted between postoperative changes in Cobb angle, Haller index or sternal tilt angle. Preoperative severity of scoliosis showed a positive correlation with postoperative changes in Cobb angle ( r  = 0.527, P  < 0.001). In analyses between groups with mild and moderate scoliosis (Cobb angle <15° and >15°, respectively), the mean postoperative Cobb angle was decreased in mild scoliosis (-2.88°) but was increased in moderate scoliosis (3.86°; P  < 0.001). Regarding the 'improvement' and 'aggravation' of scoliosis after pectus correction, preoperative severity of scoliosis was the only significant factor in univariable and multivariable analysis. Pectus excavatum repair using a pectus bar may improve scoliosis, but when the preoperative Cobb angle exceeds 15°, scoliosis may be aggravated. Therefore, pectus excavatum with concomitant moderate scoliosis requires extra caution during repair. This preliminary result suggests further investigation into the effect of chest cage remodelling on spine dynamics. © The Author 2017. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery. All rights reserved.

Neuronal projections from the Haller's organ and palp sensilla to the synganglion of Amblyomma americanum

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

The present study was conducted to elucidate the neuronal pathways between peripheral olfactory and taste sensilla and the synganglion in an Ixodidae tick species. The tarsus of the front legs (olfactory nerves) and the fourth palpal segment (gustatory nerves) of unfed Amblyomma americanum males and...

Music, Mechanism, and the "Sonic Turn" in Physical Diagnosis.

PubMed

Pesic, Peter

2016-04-01

The sonic diagnostic techniques of percussion and mediate auscultation advocated by Leopold von Auenbrugger and R. T. H. Laennec developed within larger musical contexts of practice, notation, and epistemology. Earlier, François-Nicolas Marquet proposed a musical notation of pulse that connected felt pulsation with heard music. Though contemporary vitalists rejected Marquet's work, mechanists such as Albrecht von Haller included it into the larger discourse about the physiological manifestations of bodily fluids and fibers. Educated in that mechanistic physiology, Auenbrugger used musical vocabulary to present his work on thoracic percussion; Laennec's musical experience shaped his exploration of the new timbres involved in mediate auscultation. © The Author 2015. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.

Calculation of Optical Parameters of Liquid Crystals

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kumar, A.

2007-12-01

Validation of a modified four-parameter model describing temperature effect on liquid crystal refractive indices is being reported in the present article. This model is based upon the Vuks equation. Experimental data of ordinary and extraordinary refractive indices for two liquid crystal samples MLC-9200-000 and MLC-6608 are used to validate the above-mentioned theoretical model. Using these experimental data, birefringence, order parameter, normalized polarizabilities, and the temperature gradient of refractive indices are determined. Two methods: directly using birefringence measurements and using Haller's extrapolation procedure are adopted for the determination of order parameter. Both approches of order parameter calculation are compared. The temperature dependences of all these parameters are discussed. A close agreement between theory and experiment is obtained.

Structural changes of the choroid in sarcoid- and tuberculosis-related granulomatous uveitis

PubMed Central

Mehta, H; Sim, D A; Keane, P A; Zarranz-Ventura, J; Gallagher, K; Egan, C A; Westcott, M; Lee, R W J; Tufail, A; Pavesio, C E

2015-01-01

Aim The aim of this study is to characterise the choroidal features of patients diagnosed with sarcoid- and tuberculosis (TB)-associated granulomatous uveitis using spectral domain optical coherence tomography (OCT). Methods Twenty-seven patients (27 eyes) diagnosed with sarcoid- (13 eyes) and TB (14 eyes)-related uveitis were included in this retrospective, cross-sectional study. Over a six-month period, patients diagnosed with sarcoid and TB granulomatous uveitis were scanned using enhanced depth imaging OCT. Clinical and demographical characteristics were recorded, including the method of diagnosis, disease activity, site of inflammation (anterior or posterior), treatments, and visual acuity (VA). Manual segmentation of the choroidal layers was performed using custom image analysis software. Results The main outcome measure was OCT-derived thickness measurements of the choroid and choroidal sublayers (Haller's large vessel and Sattler's medium vessel layers) at the macula region. The ratio of Haller's large vessel to Sattler's medium vessel layer was significantly different at the total macula circle in eyes diagnosed with TB uveitis (1.47 (=140.71/95.72 μm)) compared with sarcoid uveitis (1.07 (=137.70/128.69 μm)) (P=0.001). A thinner choroid was observed in eyes with a VA ≥0.3 LogMAR (Snellen 6/12; 198.1 μm (interquartile range (IQR)=147.0–253.4 μm) compared with those with VA <0.3 LogMAR (292.4 μm (IQR=240.1–347.6 μm)) at the total macula circle (P=0.004). At the foveal central subfield, the median choroidal thickness was 336.8 μm (IQR=272.3–375.4 μm) in active compared with 239.3 μm (IQR=195.3–330.9 μm) in quiescent disease (P=0.04). Conclusion A disproportionately enlarged Sattler's layer may indicate a diagnosis of sarcoid-related uveitis, and choroidal thickening may be a feature of active granulomatous uveitis. PMID:26021867

Results of operative treatment of the pectus carinatum.

PubMed

Nowacki, Wiesław; Kruczyński, Jacek; Futyma, Jacek; Stencel, Piotr

2008-01-01

Evaluation of the efficiency of the operative treatment for pectus carinatum depending on the type of deformity. 65 subjects following surgical procedures due to pectus carinatum deformity between 1997 and 2003 were analyzed. Surgical correction of the deformity depended on the localization of the sternal protrusion, grade of asymmetry and severity of the deformity. Radiological severity index of the deformity (Haller's index-HI) and patients' subjective evaluation were collected to assess the grade of deformity and the results of treatment. Very good or good results were achieved after a mean period of 38 months of follow-up in all subjects who undergone surgical procedure. It was proven that stabilization of the osteotomy sternum site with a non-absorbable suture sufficiently enough protects against relapses of the malformation and hypercorrection.

Correlation of Fracture Behavior With Microstructure in Friction Stir Welded, and Spin Formed AI-Li 2195 Domes

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Tayon, Wesley A.; Domack, Marcia S.; Hales, Stephen J.

2012-01-01

Single-piece, spin-formed domes manufactured from friction stir welded (FSW) plates of Al-Li alloy 2195 have the potential to reduce the cost of fabricating cryogenic propellant tanks. Mechanical properties in the completed domes can be related directly to the final material condition and the microstructures developed. However, these new fabrication techniques have resulted in unexpected material challenges, such as abnormal grain growth in the weld nugget and the propensity for fracture in the adjacent thermo-mechanically affected zone (TMAZ). In this study, the microstructure and texture transformations within the TMAZ are related to fracture location in the vicinity of the weldment. The texture variations in the TMAZ are caused primarily by the varying amounts of shear deformation introduced during the FSW process. Grain morphology and microtexture characteristics are examined as a function of location in the TMAZ via electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD). A strong correlation between fracture location and the presence of texture banding in the TMAZ is observed. The fracture path tends to follow a distinct region of low Taylor Factor (TF) grains.

Level set formulation of two-dimensional Lagrangian vortex detection methods

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hadjighasem, Alireza; Haller, George

2016-10-01

We propose here the use of the variational level set methodology to capture Lagrangian vortex boundaries in 2D unsteady velocity fields. This method reformulates earlier approaches that seek material vortex boundaries as extremum solutions of variational problems. We demonstrate the performance of this technique for two different variational formulations built upon different notions of coherence. The first formulation uses an energy functional that penalizes the deviation of a closed material line from piecewise uniform stretching [Haller and Beron-Vera, J. Fluid Mech. 731, R4 (2013)]. The second energy function is derived for a graph-based approach to vortex boundary detection [Hadjighasem et al., Phys. Rev. E 93, 063107 (2016)]. Our level-set formulation captures an a priori unknown number of vortices simultaneously at relatively low computational cost. We illustrate the approach by identifying vortices from different coherence principles in several examples.

An evolution of orchiopexy: historical aspect.

PubMed

Park, Kwanjin; Choi, Hwang

2010-03-01

The history of treatment for cryptorchidism dates back more than 200 years. This review is intended to highlight some historical aspect that led us to our current surgical treatment of this condition. The medical and historical surgical literatures pertaining to cryptorchidism were reviewed. Data sources were PubMed, Embase, conference proceedings, and bibliographies. No language, date, or publication status restrictions were imposed. The study of cryptorchidism began with the anatomical descriptions of Baron Albrecht von Haller and John Hunter. Attempts at surgical correction of the undescended testis began in the early 1800s, culminating in the first successful orchiopexy by Thomas Annandale in 1877. Max Schüller, Arthur Dean Bevan and Lattimer contributed to the establishment of current techniques for standard orchiopexy. Later, laparoscopy, high inguinal incision (Jones' approach) and scrotal approach were added to the list of current orchiopexy.

Normativity in 18th century discourse on speech.

PubMed

MacNamee, T

1984-11-01

Eighteenth century phoneticians, such as Dodart, Ferrein, and Hellwag, extended the taxonomy of visible articulatory processes into the realm of the invisible, notably with the exploration of the voicing mechanism. Remedial initiatives were not simply confined to consideration of the outward manifestations of speech and its disorders: The work of Haller, Kuestner, and Morgagni shows an acute awareness of the nervous organization underlying verbal behavior. There was a characteristic preoccupation with mechanical models of speech, which led to the attempts of Kempelen and other investigators to construct actual "speaking machines." Eighteenth century scholars regarded language as not only an innate capacity peculiar to human nature, but also as a bodily habit learned by experience. The function of the orthoepist was to teach the right speech habits, and the upward mobility of the bourgeoisie created a demand for his services.

Monopole excitations of a harmonically trapped one-dimensional Bose gas from the ideal gas to the Tonks-Girardeau regime.

PubMed

Choi, S; Dunjko, V; Zhang, Z D; Olshanii, M

2015-09-11

Using a time-dependent modified nonlinear Schrödinger equation (MNLSE)-where the conventional chemical potential proportional to the density is replaced by the one inferred from Lieb-Liniger's exact solution-we study frequencies of the collective monopole excitations of a one-dimensional Bose gas. We find that our method accurately reproduces the results of a recent experimental study [E. Haller et al., Science 325, 1224 (2009)] in the full spectrum of interaction regimes from the ideal gas, through the mean-field regime, through the mean-field Thomas-Fermi regime, all the way to the Tonks-Giradeau gas. While the former two are accessible by the standard time-dependent NLSE and inaccessible by the time-dependent local density approximation, the situation reverses in the latter case. However, the MNLSE is shown to treat all these regimes within a single numerical method.

The emergence of Applied Physiology within the discipline of Physiology.

PubMed

Tipton, Charles M

2016-08-01

Despite the availability and utilization of the physiology textbooks authored by Albrecht von Haller during the 18th century that heralded the modern age of physiology, not all physicians or physiologists were satisfied with its presentation, contents, or application to medicine. Initial reasons were fundamental disagreements between the "mechanists," represented by Boerhaave, Robinson, and von Haller, and the "vitalists," represented by the faculty and graduates of the Montpellier School of Medicine in France, notably, Bordeu and Barthez. Subsequently, objections originated from Europe, United Kingdom, and the United States in publications that focused not only on the teaching of physiology to medical and secondary students, but on the specific applications of the content of physiology to medicine, health, hygiene, pathology, and chronic diseases. At the turn of the 20th century, texts began to appear with applied physiology in their titles and in 1926, physician Samson Wright published a textbook entitled Applied Physiology that was intended for both medical students and the medical profession. Eleven years later, physicians Best and Taylor published The Physiological Basis of Medical Practice: A University of Toronto Texbook in Applied Physiology Although both sets of authors defined the connection between applied physiology and physiology, they failed to define the areas of physiology that were included within applied physiology. This was accomplished by the American Physiological Society (APS) Publications Committee in 1948 with the publication of the Journal of Appplied Physiology, that stated the word "applied" would broadly denote human physiology whereas the terms stress and environment would broadly include work, exercise, plus industrial, climatic and social factors. NIH established a study section (SS) devoted to applied physiology in 1964 which remained active until 2001 when it became amalgamated into other SSs. Before the end of the 20th century when

A silicone rubber mould of the heart.

PubMed

Torrent-Guasp, F F; Whimster, W F; Redmann, K

1997-04-01

The macroscopical structure of the ventricular myocardium has been an unsolved problem since the XVIth century, when Anatomy started as an authentic science. Since then the spatial organization of the myocardial fibres has represented, as Pettigrew says, "an arrangement so unusual and perplexing, that it has long been considered as forming a kind of Gordian knot in Anatomy. Of the complexity of the arrangement I need not speak further than to say that Vesalius, Albinus, Haller and De Blainville, all confessed their-inability to unravel it". What is shown in the present paper is the result of an anatomical work, developed over 43 years, by means of which it has been shown that the ventricular myocardial mass consists of a band, curled in a helical way, which extends from the pulmonary artery to the aorta. This is illustrated by a silicone rubber model cast from an actual unrolled myocardial band.

Caffeine at a Moderate Dose Did Not Affect the Skeletal System of Rats with Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetes.

PubMed

Folwarczna, Joanna; Janas, Aleksandra; Cegieła, Urszula; Pytlik, Maria; Śliwiński, Leszek; Matejczyk, Magdalena; Nowacka, Anna; Rudy, Karolina; Krivošíková, Zora; Štefíková, Kornélia; Gajdoš, Martin

2017-10-30

Diabetes may lead to the development of osteoporosis. Coffee drinking, apart from its health benefits, is taken into consideration as an osteoporosis risk factor. Data from human and animal studies on coffee and caffeine bone effects are inconsistent. The aim of the study was to investigate effects of caffeine at a moderate dose on the skeletal system of rats in two models of experimental diabetes induced by streptozotocin. Effects of caffeine administered orally (20 mg/kg aily for four weeks) were investigated in three-month-old female Wistar rats, which, two weeks before the start of caffeine administration, received streptozotocin (60 mg/kg, intraperitoneally) alone or streptozotocin after nicotinamide (230 mg/kg, intraperitoneally). Bone turnover markers, mass, mineral density, histomorphometric parameters, and mechanical properties were examined. Streptozotocin induced diabetes, with profound changes in the skeletal system due to increased bone resorption and decreased bone formation. Although streptozotocin administered after nicotinamide induced slight increases in glucose levels at the beginning of the experiment only, slight, but significant unfavorable changes in the skeletal system were demonstrated. Administration of caffeine did not affect the investigated skeletal parameters of rats with streptozotocin-induced disorders. In conclusion, caffeine at a moderate dose did not exert a damaging effect on the skeletal system of diabetic rats.

Purification, Preliminary Characterization and Hepatoprotective Effects of Polysaccharides from Dandelion Root.

PubMed

Cai, Liangliang; Wan, Dongwei; Yi, Fanglian; Luan, Libiao

2017-08-25

In this study, purification, preliminary characterization and hepatoprotective effects of water-soluble polysaccharides from dandelion root (DRP) were investigated. Two polysaccharides, DRP1 and DRP2, were isolated from DRP. The two polysaccharides were α-type polysaccharides and didn't contain protein. DRP1, with a molecular weight of 5695 Da, was composed of glucose, galactose and arabinose, whereas DRP2, with molecular weight of 8882 Da, was composed of rhamnose, galacturonic acid, glucose, galactose and arabinose. The backbone of DRP1 was mainly composed of (1→6)-linked-α-d-Glc and (1→3,4)-linked-α-d-Glc. DRP2 was mainly composed of (1→)-linked-α-d-Ara and (1→)-linked-α-d-Glc. A proof-of-concept study was performed to assess the therapeutic potential of DRP1 and DRP2 in a mouse model that mimics acetaminophen (APAP) -induced liver injury (AILI) in humans. The present study shows DRP1 and DRP2 could protect the liver from APAP-induced hepatic injury by activating the Nrf2-Keap1 pathway. These conclusions demonstrate that the DRP1 and DRP2 might be suitable as functional foods and natural drugs in preventing APAP-induced liver injury.

Biaxial order parameter in the homologous series of orthogonal bent-core smectic liquid crystals

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sreenilayam, S.; Panarin, Y. P.; Vij, J. K.; Osipov, M.; Lehmann, A.; Tschierske, C.

2013-07-01

The fundamental parameter of the uniaxial liquid crystalline state that governs nearly all of its physical properties is the primary orientational order parameter (S) for the long axes of molecules with respect to the director. The biaxial liquid crystals (LCs) possess biaxial order parameters depending on the phase symmetry of the system. In this paper we show that in the first approximation a biaxial orthogonal smectic phase can be described by two primary order parameters: S for the long axes and C for the ordering of the short axes of molecules. The temperature dependencies of S and C are obtained by the Haller's extrapolation technique through measurements of the optical birefringence and biaxiality on a nontilted polar antiferroelectric (Sm-APA) phase of a homologous series of LCs built from the bent-core achiral molecules. For such a biaxial smectic phase both S and C, particularly the temperature dependency of the latter, are being experimentally determined. Results show that S in the orthogonal smectic phase composed of bent cores is higher than in Sm-A calamatic LCs and C is also significantly large.

Measuring the Ways Significant Persons Influence Attitudes Towards Science and Mathematics

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sjaastad, Jørgen

2013-01-01

Young people's attitudes towards science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) are subject to interpersonal influence of significant persons-defined as those who influence a person's attitudes. This article presents the development of an instrument designed to measure different modes of significant persons' influence on attitudes towards STEM. The questionnaire used in the pilot study was compiled based on Woelfel and Haller's theoretical perspectives on interpersonal influence, Nauta and Kokaly's instrument Influence of Others on Academic and Career Decisions Scale, and focus group interviews with Norwegian adolescents in an STEM mentoring programme. Drawing on Rasch analyses of data material from the 114 participants in the pilot study, the final instrument-Significant Person Influence on Attitudes towards STEM (SPIAS)-is presented. Based on results from the piloting and development of SPIAS, a conceptual discussion of significant persons and the ways they influence attitudes towards STEM is given, and it is suggested that SPIAS may be used in the process of evaluating and improving interventions aimed at changing adolescents' attitudes towards STEM.

Minimally Invasive Repair of Pectus Carinatum in Patients Unsuited to Bracing Therapy.

PubMed

Suh, Jee-Won; Joo, Seok; Lee, Geun Dong; Haam, Seok Jin; Lee, Sungsoo

2016-04-01

We used an Abramson technique for minimally invasive repair of pectus carinatum in patients who preferred surgery to brace therapy, had been unsuccessfully treated via brace therapy, or were unsuitable for brace therapy because of a rigid chest wall. Between July 2011 and May 2015, 16 patients with pectus carinatum underwent minimally invasive surgery. The mean age of the patients was 24.35±13.20 years (range, 14-57 years), and all patients were male. The percentage of excellent aesthetic results, as rated by the patients, was 37.5%, and the percentage of good results was 56.25%. The preoperative and postoperative Haller Index values were 2.01±0.19 (range, 1.60-2.31), and 2.22±0.19 (range, 1.87-2.50), respectively (p-value=0.01), and the median hospital stay was 7.09±2.91 days (range, 5-15 days). Only one patient experienced postoperative complications. Minimally invasive repair is effective for the treatment of pectus carinatum, even in adult patients.

Minimally Invasive Repair of Pectus Carinatum in Patients Unsuited to Bracing Therapy

PubMed Central

Suh, Jee-Won; Joo, Seok; Lee, Geun Dong; Haam, Seok Jin; Lee, Sungsoo

2016-01-01

Background We used an Abramson technique for minimally invasive repair of pectus carinatum in patients who preferred surgery to brace therapy, had been unsuccessfully treated via brace therapy, or were unsuitable for brace therapy because of a rigid chest wall. Methods Between July 2011 and May 2015, 16 patients with pectus carinatum underwent minimally invasive surgery. Results The mean age of the patients was 24.35±13.20 years (range, 14–57 years), and all patients were male. The percentage of excellent aesthetic results, as rated by the patients, was 37.5%, and the percentage of good results was 56.25%. The preoperative and postoperative Haller Index values were 2.01±0.19 (range, 1.60–2.31), and 2.22±0.19 (range, 1.87–2.50), respectively (p-value=0.01), and the median hospital stay was 7.09±2.91 days (range, 5–15 days). Only one patient experienced postoperative complications. Conclusion Minimally invasive repair is effective for the treatment of pectus carinatum, even in adult patients. PMID:27066432

A history of cryptorchidism: lessons from the eighteenth century.

PubMed

Tackett, Leslie D; Patel, Sutchin R; Caldamone, Anthony A

2007-12-01

John Hunter in 1786 opened the door to more than 200 years of study and discussion of the cryptorchid testis. We review the history that has brought us to our current surgical treatment of this condition. We performed a review of the medical and historical surgical literature pertaining to cryptorchidism. The study of cryptorchidism began with the anatomical descriptions of Baron Albrecht von Haller and John Hunter. Attempts at surgical correction of the undescended testis began in the early 1800s, culminating in the first successful orchidopexy by Thomas Annandale in 1877. Further contributions to the surgical technique include: (1) Arthur Dean Bevan's division of the processus vaginalis to prevent reascent and his stress on the importance of adequate mobilization of the spermatic cord, (2) the description by Robert Prentiss of surgical triangles which allowed for mobilization of the spermatic cord and placement of the testis into the scrotum without tension, and (3) Lattimer's subdartos pouch. Our understanding and the surgical treatment of cryptorchidism have continued to evolve over the last 200 years. A study of the history of surgical management of the undescended testis sheds light on the rationale behind current management.

Description of a new tick species, Ixodes collaris n. sp. (Acari: Ixodidae), from bats (Chiroptera: Hipposideridae, Rhinolophidae) in Vietnam.

PubMed

Hornok, Sándor; Görföl, Tamás; Estók, Péter; Tu, Vuong Tan; Kontschán, Jenő

2016-06-10

In a recent study on ixodid bat ticks from Eurasia, a high genetic difference was found between Ixodes vespertilionis from Europe and Vietnam. Accordingly, it was proposed that I. vespertilionis is a species complex, with at least one additional, hitherto undescribed species. The aim of the present study was to investigate the morphology of bat ticks from Vietnam and to assess their taxonomic status in comparison with those collected in Europe. Ixodid bat ticks (two females and two nymphs) collected from the pomona leaf-nosed bat (Hipposideros pomona) (Hipposideridae) and intermediate horseshoe bat (Rhinolophus affinis) (Rhinolophidae) in Vietnam showed major morphological differences from European isolates of I. vespertilionis, including the shape of the scutum, the enclosure and shape of porose areas, the presence of a caudo-lateral collar-like ridge ventrally on the basis capituli, polytrich coxae with short setae, and grouped (non-linear) arrangement of anterior pit sensillae in Haller's organ. In this study the female and the nymph of an ixodid bat tick species from Vietnam are described for the first time. The genetic and morphological differences between I. vespertilionis Koch, 1844 and these bat ticks from Vietnam justify the status of the latter as a distinct species, Ixodes collaris Hornok n. sp.

Anomaly formulas for the complex-valued analytic torsion on compact bordisms

PubMed Central

Maldonado Molina, Osmar

2013-01-01

We extend the complex-valued analytic torsion, introduced by Burghelea and Haller on closed manifolds, to compact Riemannian bordisms. We do so by considering a flat complex vector bundle over a compact Riemannian manifold, endowed with a fiberwise nondegenerate symmetric bilinear form. The Riemmanian metric and the bilinear form are used to define non-selfadjoint Laplacians acting on vector-valued smooth forms under absolute and relative boundary conditions. In order to define the complex-valued analytic torsion in this situation, we study spectral properties of these generalized Laplacians. Then, as main results, we obtain so-called anomaly formulas for this torsion. Our reasoning takes into account that the coefficients in the heat trace asymptotic expansion associated to the boundary value problem under consideration, are locally computable. The anomaly formulas for the complex-valued Ray–Singer torsion are derived first by using the corresponding ones for the Ray–Singer metric, obtained by Brüning and Ma on manifolds with boundary, and then an argument of analytic continuation. In odd dimensions, our anomaly formulas are in accord with the corresponding results of Su, without requiring the variations of the Riemannian metric and bilinear structures to be supported in the interior of the manifold. PMID:27087744

Map and data for Quaternary faults and folds in New Mexico

USGS Publications Warehouse

Machette, M.N.; Personius, S.F.; Kelson, K.I.; Haller, K.M.; Dart, R.L.

1998-01-01

The "World Map of Major Active Faults" Task Group is compiling a series of digital maps for the United States and other countries in the Western Hemisphere that show the locations, ages, and activity rates of major earthquake-related features such as faults and fault-related folds; the companion database includes published information on these seismogenic features. The Western Hemisphere effort is sponsored by International Lithosphere Program (ILP) Task Group H-2, whereas the effort to compile a new map and database for the United States is funded by the Earthquake Reduction Program (ERP) through the U.S. Geological Survey. The maps and accompanying databases represent a key contribution to the new Global Seismic Hazards Assessment Program (ILP Task Group II-O) for the International Decade for Natural Disaster Reduction. This compilation, which describes evidence for surface faulting and folding in New Mexico, is the third of many similar State and regional compilations that are planned for the U.S. The compilation for West Texas is available as U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 96-002 (Collins and others, 1996 #993) and the compilation for Montana will be released as a Montana Bureau of Mines product (Haller and others, in press #1750).

Automated detection of Lagrangian eddies and coherent transport of heat and salinity in the Agulhas leakage

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Huhn, Florian; Haller, George

2014-05-01

Haller and Beron-Vera(2013) have recently introduced a new objective method to detect coherent Lagrangian eddies in turbulence. They find that closed null-geodesics of a generalized Green-Lagrange strain tensor act as coherent Lagrangian eddy boundaries, showing near-zero and uniform material stretching. We make use of this method to develop an automated detection procedure for coherent Lagrangian eddies in large-scale ocean data. We apply our results to a recent 3D general circulation model, the Southern Ocean State Estimate (SOSE), with focus on the South Atlantic Ocean and the inter-ocean exchange between the Indian and Atlantic ocean. We detect a large number of coherent Lagrangian eddies and present statistics of their properties. The largest and most circular eddy boundaries represent Lagrangian Agulhas rings. Circular regions inside these rings with higher temperature and salinity than the surrounding waters can be explained by the coherent eddy boundaries that enclose and isolate the eddy interiors. We compare eddy boundaries at different depths with eddy boundaries obtained from geostrophic velocities derived from the model's sea surface height (SSH). The transport of mass, heat and salinity enclosed by coherent eddies through a section in the Cape basin is quantified and compared to the non-coherent transport by the background flow.

The role of chest radiography following pectus bar removal.

PubMed

Farach, Sandra M; Danielson, Paul D; Chandler, Nicole M

2016-07-01

Surgical correction of pectus excavatum (PE) via a minimally invasive approach involves placement of a steel bar, which is subsequently removed. The purpose of our study was to evaluate the incidence of pneumothorax and the role for chest radiography (CXR) in patients undergoing pectus bar removal. A retrospective review of 84 patients who underwent pectus bar removal from 2006 to 2014 was performed. Results of postoperative CXR, repeat imaging, need for chest thoracostomy tube placement, and complications were analyzed. Mean Haller index prior to correction was 4.3 ± 0.9. The mean time between PE repair and bar removal was 2.3 ± 0.6 years. Sixty-one patients (72.6 %) had a postoperative CXR. Thirty-one (50.8 %) had no acute findings, 20 (32.8 %) had findings of atelectasis or subcutaneous emphysema, and 10 (16.4 %) had a pneumothorax. One patient (1.6 %) had a second postoperative CXR for a small pneumothorax and rib fractures. There were two complications (2.4 %). No chest tubes were placed for pneumothorax, and 95 % of patients were discharged the day of surgery. Postoperative CXR following pectus bar removal is unnecessary given the low incidence of postoperative pneumothorax requiring intervention. Patients can be safely discharged the day of surgery without the need for routine postoperative chest imaging.

Interfacial stress affects rat alveolar type II cell signaling and gene expression.

PubMed

Hobi, Nina; Ravasio, Andrea; Haller, Thomas

2012-07-01

Previous work from our group (Ravasio A, Hobi N, Bertocchi C, Jesacher A, Dietl P, Haller T. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 300: C1456-C1465, 2011.) showed that contact of alveolar epithelial type II cells with an air-liquid interface (I(AL)) leads to a paradoxical situation. It is a potential threat that can cause cell injury, but also a Ca(2+)-dependent stimulus for surfactant secretion. Both events can be explained by the impact of interfacial tensile forces on cellular structures. Here, the strength of this mechanical stimulus became also apparent in microarray studies by a rapid and significant change on the transcriptional level. Cells challenged with an I(AL) in two different ways showed activation/inactivation of cellular pathways involved in stress response and defense, and a detailed Pubmatrix search identified genes associated with several lung diseases and injuries. Altogether, they suggest a close relationship of interfacial stress sensation with current models in alveolar micromechanics. Further similarities between I(AL) and cell stretch were found with respect to the underlying signaling events. The source of Ca(2+) was extracellular, and the transmembrane Ca(2+) entry pathway suggests the involvement of a mechanosensitive channel. We conclude that alveolar type II cells, due to their location and morphology, are specific sensors of the I(AL), but largely protected from interfacial stress by surfactant release.

The enlightenment kidney-nephrology in and about the eighteenth century.

PubMed

Eknoyan, Garabed; De Santo, Natale G

2012-01-01

The intellectual movement of inquiry by direct observation and inductive reasoning to acquire new knowledge matured in the Enlightenment. In medicine, personal observation as the prime mover of investigation began in anatomy, and gradually extended into studies of function, site of disease, and composition of body fluids. This led to the generation of new information on renal structure, function, and urine composition in health and to some extent in disease. Studies on the dissected, injected, and teased kidneys have left us with many of the eponymous renal structures described by Eustachio, Bellini, Malpighi, and Ferrein. Subsequent studies by Haller of the renal circulation and scrutiny of the separation of serous fluid from blood in the renal cortical glandular components established the beginnings of renal physiology. The movement to integrate chemistry into medicine championed by Boerhaave, which launched studies of urine composition in diabetes, urolithiasis, and gout led to the exploration of a chemical basis of other diseases. Albuminous precipitate in the urine of a dropsical case was described by Cotugno, but its association with kidney disease went unappreciated. Most of the new information on the kidney was communicated to and discussed in the increasing number of new scientific societies that were being formed, and transmitted to the eager members of the learned bourgeoisie of the period in the Encyclopédie of Diderot and d'Alembert. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Chapter 42: neurology and the neurological sciences in the German-speaking countries.

PubMed

Isler, Hansruedi

2010-01-01

Early neurology in German-speaking countries evolved aside from mainstream medicine. Animists like Stahl in the 18th century saw the soul as the cause of health and disease, and the later Vitalists insisted on life-force as the specific property of living beings, contrary to skeptics like Albrecht von Haller, whose neurophysiology they left behind. Following Willis, they studied brain tracts and speculated about reflex action. They experimented with electrotherapy, and later devised early theories of electric nerve action. The controversial medical theories of animal magnetism and phrenology also advanced brain research and clinical neurology together with their sectarian programs, which seem absurd today. The impact on natural science and medicine of the last great Vitalist, Johannes Müller, and his mechanistic students such as Remak, Schwann, Schleiden, Helmholtz, Ludwig, Brücke, Virchow, Koelliker, and Wundt was unparalleled. They provided the anatomical and physiological infrastructure for the growth of neurology. From 1845 far into the 20th century, psychiatry and neurology evolved together. Neuropsychiatrists cared for their mental patients during the day, and studied their brain tissue slides at night, as in the case of Alzheimer and Nissl. Major advances in brain research were achieved by the hypnotists Forel and Vogt, and modern psychiatry was launched by the typical neuropsychiatrists Kraepelin, Moebius, Bleuler, and Adolf Meyer.

Biaxial and antiferroelectric structure of the orthogonal smectic phase of a bent-shaped molecule and helical structure in a chiral mixture system

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kang, Sungmin; Nguyen, Ha; Nakajima, Shunpei; Tokita, Masatoshi; Watanabe, Junji

2013-05-01

We examined the biaxial and antiferroelectric properties in the Smectic-APA (Sm-APA) phase of bent-shaped DC-S-8. The biaxiality, which results from the existence of a secondary director, was well established from birefringence observations in the homeotropically aligned Sm-APA. By entering into Sm-APA phase, the birefringence (Δn, difference between two refractive indices of short axes) continuously increased from 0 to 0.02 with decreasing temperature. The antiferroelectric switching and second harmonic generation (SHG) activity on the field-on state were also observed in the Sm-APA phase, and the evaluated spontaneous polarization (PS) value strongly depended on temperature. The temperature dependence of Δn and PS resembles each other and follows Haller's approximation, showing that the biaxiality is due to polar packing in which the molecules are preferentially packed with their bent direction arranged in the same direction, and that the phase transition of Sm-APA to Sm-A is second order. The biaxiality was further examined in chiral Sm-APA*. Doping with chiral components induced the helical twisting of the secondary director in the Sm-APA* phase, which was confirmed by observing the reflection of the circular dichroism (CD) bands in the homeotropically aligned cell. The helical pitch of Sm-APA* is tunable in the range of 300-700 nm wavelength with a variation in the chiral content of 5 to 10 weight (wt)%.

Robert Whytt (1714-1766): from dropsy in the brain to tuberculous meningitis.

PubMed

Breathnach, C S

2014-09-01

Robert Whytt was born and educated in Edinburgh and served the City in the Royal Infirmary. A prolific author, his major work is usually said to be his Essay on the Vital and other Involuntary Movements of Animals (1751), based on his belief that a 'sentient principle' was not limited to the nervous system but was distributed throughout the body, a view that brought him into conflict with Albrecht von Haller, who held that the sentient and motor powers of the body were those of a machine. Whatever about the speculative nature of the sentient principle, Whytt was a clinician blessed with unusual clarity, and he is remembered today for his Observations on the Dropsy in the Brain (1768). Therein he described the clinical signs and symptoms of what later came to be recognised as tuberculous meningitis, the acute disease which appears early in the haemic spread of the infection in a child, and which was fatal until the discovery of chemotherapy and antimicrobials. John Cheyne, in describing two terminal cases, recognised the connexion between hydrocephalus and scrophula, and Dorothy Price provided a precise guide to the clinical picture in 1942. When streptomycin became available Christopher McSweeney used it to alter the bleak picture in Dublin, and was helped by the prevention resulting from neonatal BCG immunisation. Later antimicrobials have facilitated the avoidance of emergent bacillary resistance.

A novel technique to measure severity of pediatric pectus excavatum using white light scanning.

PubMed

Hebal, Ferdynand; Port, Elissa; Hunter, Catherine J; Malas, Bryan; Green, Jared; Reynolds, Marleta

2018-04-18

Computed tomography (CT) derived Haller Index (HI) remains the standard for quantifying severity in patient with pectus excavatum (PE). Optical scanning described in literature reports optimistic results and new indices that correlate with HI. This study assessed the feasibility of a handheld White Light Scanner (WLS) to obtain 3D measurements and indices of PE deformity. From April 2015-April 2017, WLS scanning was conducted by orthotists during clinical visits. Included were children with PE up to 18 years. Analysis assessed correlation of a WLS-derived severity index, Hebal-Malas Index (HMI), with physician measured PE Depth (PED), and CT-derived HI. Of 195 participants, 185(94%) patients with PE were scanned and 127(69%) had complete WLS data. For 88 patients undergoing monitoring, HMI correlated with PED (r = 0.42, p = 0.004). For 39 patients with pre-operative CT, HMI demonstrated strong correlation with HI (r = 0.87, p<0.0001). WLS demonstrated high feasibility of scanning PE. WLS-derived HMI best correlates with HI for patients with severe pectus deformity. Our current data is suggestive that WLS is best applied for severe deformities and yet to be established for milder deformities. Future yearly WLS will provide data on deformity progression and surgical therapy. IV. Diagnostic Study. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Minimal invasive extrathoracic presternal compression using a metal bar for correction of pectus carinatum.

PubMed

Lee, Seock Yeol; Song, In Hag; Lee, Seung Jin

2014-01-01

This report presents early results of surgical experience of minimal invasive extrathoracic presternal compression using a metal bar for correction of the pectus carinatum. From February 2008 to February 2012, 15 patients with combined pectus carinatum and pectus excavatum underwent minimal invasive extrathoracic presternal compression using a metal bar for correction of pectus carinatum and Nuss operation for pectus excavatum. After 2 years, bar removal was done in all patients. In this paper, we focused on pectus carinatum repair. The effects and complications of the minimally invasive extrathoracic presternal compression using a metal bar for correction of pectus carinatum were reviewed. The median age was 15.7 years. The mean operation time for pectus carinatum with pectus excavatum was 122 min. The median length of hospitalization was 6 days. The Haller pectus index of pectus carinatum was 2.93 ± 0.36 pre-operatively and this was increased to 3.33 ± 0.61 post-operatively. There were no special complications. The degree of satisfaction of pectus carinatum correction was 3.75 ± 0.46 (range 1-4). Our results were favorable in spite of the small number of cases and short follow-up, and our modified technique of pectus carinatum was easy and simple. However, long-term follow-up is needed to accurately evaluate the effects of this surgery in many cases.

Modification of the Nuss procedure for pectus excavatum to prevent cardiac perforation.

PubMed

Ohno, Koichi; Nakamura, Tetsuro; Azuma, Takashi; Yamada, Hiroto; Hayashi, Hiroaki; Masahata, Kazunori

2009-12-01

In a few patients, cardiac perforation and aortic injury have occurred during the Nuss procedure for pectus excavatum. The article details a modification of this procedure that enables the prevention of fatal complications. Our subjects were 22 males and 13 females with pectus excavatum who were aged 8.2 +/- 3.7 years. Their Haller's computed tomography index was 5.2 +/- 1.5. An introducer is inserted into the pleura between the sternum and thymus instead of the thoracic depression under right thoracoscopic guidance. After the introducer reaches the internal cranial position of the left nipple, the thoracoscope is shifted to the left thoracic cavity. The introducer is subsequently guided to the left highest intercostal space under left thoracoscopic guidance. A single bar was inserted in 34 patients; 2 bars were required in 1 patient. The operating time was 95 +/- 27 minutes and blood loss was 11 +/- 6 g. Cardiac perforation did not occur in any patient. Our modified technique has certain advantages: (1) the introducer does not rub against the pericardium and heart; (2) the tip of the introducer can be observed at all times with a thoracoscope; (3) the anterior mediastinum between the left and right thoracic cavities is very narrow at the cranial level; (4) the introducer can be accurately directed to the left highest intercostal space; and (5) hemostasis and no injury of the bilateral thoracic organs can be confirmed.

Bioinformatic prediction of G protein-coupled receptor encoding sequences from the transcriptome of the foreleg, including the Haller’s organ, of the cattle tick, Rhipicephalus australis

PubMed Central

Munoz, Sergio; Guerrero, Felix D.; Kellogg, Anastasia; Heekin, Andrew M.

2017-01-01

The cattle tick of Australia, Rhipicephalus australis, is a vector for microbial parasites that cause serious bovine diseases. The Haller’s organ, located in the tick’s forelegs, is crucial for host detection and mating. To facilitate the development of new technologies for better control of this agricultural pest, we aimed to sequence and annotate the transcriptome of the R. australis forelegs and associated tissues, including the Haller's organ. As G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are an important family of eukaryotic proteins studied as pharmaceutical targets in humans, we prioritized the identification and classification of the GPCRs expressed in the foreleg tissues. The two forelegs from adult R. australis were excised, RNA extracted, and pyrosequenced with 454 technology. Reads were assembled into unigenes and annotated by sequence similarity. Python scripts were written to find open reading frames (ORFs) from each unigene. These ORFs were analyzed by different GPCR prediction approaches based on sequence alignments, support vector machines, hidden Markov models, and principal component analysis. GPCRs consistently predicted by multiple methods were further studied by phylogenetic analysis and 3D homology modeling. From 4,782 assembled unigenes, 40,907 possible ORFs were predicted. Using Blastp, Pfam, GPCRpred, TMHMM, and PCA-GPCR, a basic set of 46 GPCR candidates were compiled and a phylogenetic tree was constructed. With further screening of tertiary structures predicted by RaptorX, 6 likely GPCRs emerged and the strongest candidate was classified by PCA-GPCR to be a GABAB receptor. PMID:28231302

Emerging Fixation Technique to Prevent Pectus Bar Displacement: Needlescope-Assisted 3-Point Fixation.

PubMed

Yoo, Gyeol; Rha, Eun Young; Jeong, Jin Yong; Lee, Jongho; Sim, Sung Bo; Jo, Keon Hyon

2016-01-01

Bar flipping displacement is one of the most common complications after the Nuss procedure for pectus excavatum. We evaluated the results of a modified Nuss procedure with needlescope-assisted bar fixation. The records of 41 patients with pectus excavatum who underwent single pectus bar insertion with the Nuss procedure between July 2011 and August 2014 were retrospectively reviewed. The patients were divided into two groups: those who did not undergo 3-point fixation (group A) and those who did undergo 3-point fixation (group B). There were 36 male patients and 5 female patients with a mean age of 10.7 ± 8.3 years (range: 3-36 years). The postoperative Haller index (HI) (2.61 ± 0.42) was significantly lower than the preoperative HI (3.91 ± 1.07; p < 0.01). The angle of the initial bar position was 5.59 ± 7.37 degrees in group A and 8.52 ± 9.61 degrees in group B, with no significant difference between the groups (p > 0.05). The rate of reoperation to correct bar displacement was lower in group B (3.3%) than in group A (9.1%). Needlescope-assisted 3-point fixation of the bar was performed without an additional skin incision and showed a low rate of reoperation to correct displacement of the pectus bar. Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York.

[An overview of the history of electro-vectorcardiography. Tribute to the memory of the unforgettable Dr. Gustavo A. Medrano Castro].

PubMed

de Micheli Serra, Alfredo; Iturralde Torres, Pedro

2014-01-01

The history of the investigations about of the so-called irritability of animal tissues showed by English physician Francis Glisson in the 17th century, is summarized. During the 18th century, reliable studies on the bioelectric properties of these tissues began, due to the Swiss scientist Albrecht von Haller and continuated by the Italian naturalist Felice Fontana. In the second half of this century, multiple controversies of the partisans of the animal electricity against the partisans of the contact electricity took place. The Danish scientist Oersted in 1820 proved the close relation of magnetism to electricity, which led to construction of electrometers. These instruments allowed to register and measure record of the electric current. On this way, at middle 21st century, the true animal electricity was identified as the injury current. Later it was possible to record the electric current, risen in the myocardium, out the thorax first by means of the Lippmann' capillary electrometer and later thanks to the Einthoven's string galvanometer at the beginning of the 20th century. So the modern electro-vectorcardiography took off, due to English Thomas Lewis, the North-American Frank N. Wilson and the Mexican Demetrio Sodi Pallares. The last one allowed to rationalize the electro-vectorcardiographic exploration on experimental bases. Copyright © 2013 Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez. Published by Masson Doyma México S.A. All rights reserved.

Sources of Inspiration: The role of significant persons in young people's choice of science in higher education

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sjaastad, Jørgen

2012-07-01

The objectives of this article were to investigate to which extent and in what ways persons influence students' choice of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) in tertiary education, and to assess the suitability of an analytical framework for describing this influence. In total, 5,007 Norwegian STEM students completed a questionnaire including multiple-choice as well as open-ended questions about sources of inspiration for their educational choice. Using the conceptualisation of significant persons suggested by Woelfel and Haller, the respondents' descriptions of parents and teachers are presented in order to elaborate on the different ways these significant persons influence a STEM-related educational choice. Parents engaged in STEM themselves are models, making the choice of STEM familiar, and they help youngsters define themselves through conversation and support, thus being definers. Teachers are models by displaying how STEM might bring fulfilment in someone's life and by giving pupils a positive experience with the subjects. They help young people discover their STEM abilities, thus being definers. Celebrities are reported to have minor influence on STEM-related educational choices. Both qualitative and quantitative analyses indicate that interpersonal relationships are key factors in order to inspire and motivate a choice of STEM education. Implications for recruitment issues and for research on interpersonal influence are discussed. It is suggested that initiatives to increase recruitment to STEM might be aimed at parents and other persons in interpersonal relationships with youth as a target group.

Evaluation of sternochondroplasty efficacy in treatment of pectus deformities.

PubMed

Bagheri, Reza; Haghi, Seyed Ziaollah; Nouri Dalouee, Marzie; Ebrahimi, Kolsoumeh; Rajabnejad, Ata'ollah

2015-02-01

This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of sternochondroplasty for repair of pectus deformities. Thirty-three patients underwent repair of pectus deformity with a sternochondroplasty technique between 1989 and 2009. Studied variables were age, sex, symptoms, pulmonary function tests before and after surgery, Haller index, complications, recurrence, and cosmetic results. The median age at operation was 13.27 years. Twenty patients (13 male and 7 female) had pectus excavatum, and 13 (11 male and 2 female) had pectus carinatum. Congenital anomalies associated with pectus excavatum included a skeletal anomaly in 6 (30%) patients and a cardiac anomaly in 4 (20%); only 1 patient with pectus carinatum had cardiac anomaly. Inspiratory vital capacity and forced expiratory volume in 1 s were significantly different before and after surgery in patients with pectus excavatum, but there was no significant difference in functional residual capacity. Pulmonary function tests showed no significant differences before and after surgery in patients with pectus carinatum. Complications after surgery were seroma in 2 cases and 1 case each of pneumothorax and atelectasis. Recurrence was observed in 2 cases of pectus excavatum. The cosmetic result was excellent in 93.9% of cases. Hospital mortality was zero. Sternochondroplasty is a desirable procedure for repairing pectus deformities. This procedure has minimal complications and the cosmetic and physiologic results are excellent. © The Author(s) 2014 Reprints and permissions: sagepub.co.uk/journalsPermissions.nav.

Minimal cosmetic revision required after minimally invasive pectus repair.

PubMed

Murphy, Brittany L; Naik, Nimesh D; Roskos, Penny L; Glasgow, Amy E; Moir, Christopher R; Habermann, Elizabeth B; Klinkner, Denise B

2018-05-09

Despite surgical correction procedures for pectus deformities, remaining cosmetic asymmetry may have significant psychological effects. We sought to evaluate factors associated with plastic surgery (PS) consultation and procedures for these deformities at an academic institution. We reviewed patients aged 0-21 diagnosed with a pectus excavatum or carinatum deformity at our institution between January 2001 and October 2016. Pectus diagnoses were identified by ICD-9/ICD-10 codes and surgical repair by CPT codes; patients receiving PS consultation were identified by clinical note service codes. Student's t tests, Fisher's exact tests, and Chi-squared tests were utilized. 2158 patients were diagnosed with a pectus deformity; 442 (20.4%) underwent surgical correction. 19/442 (4.3%) sought PS consultation, either for pectus excavatum [14/19 (73.7%)], carinatum [4/19 (21.0%)], and both [1/19 (5.3%)], (p = 0.02). Patients seeking PS consultation were more likely to be female (p < 0.01), have scoliosis (p = 0.02), or undergo an open repair (p < 0.01). The need for PS consultation did not correlate with Haller index, p = 0.78. PS consultation associated with pectus deformity repair was rare, occurring in < 5% of patients undergoing repair. Patients who consulted PS more commonly included females, patients with scoliosis, and those undergoing open repair. These patients would likely benefit most from multidisciplinary pre-operative discussions regarding repair of the global deformity.

[Pectus excavatum: what treatment in plastic surgery? About 10 cases].

PubMed

Poupon, M; Duteille, F; Casanova, D; Caye, N; Magalon, G; Pannier, M

2008-06-01

Several controversial issues concern pectus excavatum (funnel chest), the most common chest wall deformity. The pathogenesis of this deformity is uncertain, and there is no agreement as to its psychological, cardiac and pulmonary effects. An even more debatable point is the choice of surgical treatment among the more or less radical proposals made by different teams. No consensus exists concerning the indications for surgery, the technique to be used, or the suitable age of the patient. This retrospective study concerns 10 patients with funnel chest who underwent reconstruction surgery in our unit between 1989 and 2002. Nine patients received a silicone chest implant made to measure, and one a single breast implant. Each patient was interviewed and examined to obtain information and provide a basis for evaluation. The effects of possible associated abnormalities were evidenced by complementary cardiopulmonary examinations, and the severity of funnel chest was evaluated according to the Haller pectus index. The mean period after surgery was 5 years. The effects of funnel chest deformity were essentially psychological, relating to aesthetic disgrace. Although two-thirds of the deformities were considered severe, cardiopulmonary repercussions were minor. All 10 patients were satisfied with the repair performed, and this judgment was independent of surgical assessment. Acute complications concerned 5 seromas and one minimal scar separation. The indications for surgery and the means of surgical treatment for funnel chest are considered after comparison of our results with those in the literature and a survey of the different existing possibilities for treatment (implant, chondrosternoplasty, fat transplant).

A retrospective analysis of 538 sinonasal fungus ball cases treated at a single tertiary medical center in Korea (1996-2015).

PubMed

Yoon, Young Hoon; Xu, Jun; Park, Soo Kyoung; Heo, Jae Hyung; Kim, Yong Min; Rha, Ki-Sang

2017-11-01

Sinonasal fungus ball (FB) is a type of noninvasive fungal rhinosinusitis affecting immunocompetent hosts. FB, previously considered rare, has been reported with increasing frequency. We reviewed our experience of 538 cases over the past 20 years. We retrospectively examined clinical records including clinical presentations, radiological findings, management, and outcomes of FB patients who have undergone surgery for treatment. The number of FB patients who underwent endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) was calculated annually. Causal relationships between structural variations and FB were also investigated. The number of FB patients who underwent sinus surgery has increased. The mean age was 58.3 years, and the gender ratio was approximately 2 (female): 1 (male). While the most common presenting symptoms of maxillary sinus FB patients were nasal symptoms, such as postnasal drip and nasal obstruction, sphenoid sinus FB patients presented with headache mostly. On computed tomography (CT) scans, the most common finding was intralesional hyperdensity (77.3%). There was no significant correlation between the presence of FB and structural variations (nasal septal deviation, concha bullosa, Haller cell). Median follow-up period of the patients was 11 months. Recurrence or residual disease occurred in only 6 (1.1%) cases. The number of FB patients who underwent surgery has increased steadily over the past 20 years. FB should be considered in patients with unilateral nasal symptoms and unexplained headaches. A preoperative CT scan is an essential tool in making diagnosis easier and faster. Endoscopic surgery is the treatment of choice, with a low morbidity and recurrence rate. © 2017 ARS-AAOA, LLC.

Minimally invasive repair of pectus excavatum (MIRPE)--the Basel experience.

PubMed

Haecker, F M; Bielek, J; von Schweinitz, D

2003-01-01

Minimally invasive repair of pectus excavatum (MIRPE) was first reported in 1998 by D. Nuss. This technique has gained wide acceptance during the last 4-5 years. In the meantime, some modifications of the technique have been introduced by different authors. Our retrospective study reports our own experience over the last 36 months and modifications introduced due to a number of complications. From 3/2000 to 3/2003, 22 patients underwent MIRPE. Patients median age was 15.5 years (10.7 to 20.3 years). Standardised preoperative evaluation included 3D computerised tomography (CT) scan, pulmonary function tests, cardiac evaluation with electrocardiogram and echocardiography, and photo documentation. Indications for operation included at least two of the following: Haller CT index > 3.2, restrictive lung disease, cardiac compression, progression of the deformity and severe psychological alterations. In 22 patients (2 girls, 20 boys) undergoing MIRPE procedure, a single bar was used in 21 patients and two bars in one boy. Lateral stabilisers were fixed with non resorbable sutures on both sides. Overall, postoperative complications occurred in six patients (27.3%). In two patients (9.1%) a redo-procedure was necessary due to bar displacement. An additional median skin incision was performed in two patients to elevate the sternum. Pneumothorax or hematothorax in two patients resulted in routine use of a chest tube on both sides. Long-term favourable results were noted in all patients. The MIRPE procedure is an effective method with elegant cosmetic results. Modifications of the original method help to decrease the complication rate and to accelerate acquirement of expertise.

Geodesic detection of Agulhas rings

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Beron-Vera, F. J.; Wang, Y.; Olascoaga, M. J.; Goni, G. J.; Haller, G.

2012-12-01

Mesoscale oceanic eddies are routinely detected from instantaneous velocities. While simple to implement, this Eulerian approach gives frame-dependent results and often hides true material transport by eddies. Building on the recent geodesic theory of transport barriers, we develop an objective (i.e., frame-independent) method for accurately locating coherent Lagrangian eddies. These eddies act as compact water bodies, with boundaries showing no leakage or filamentation over long periods of time. Applying the algorithm to altimetry-derived velocities in the South Atlantic, we detect, for the first time, Agulhas rings that preserve their material coherence for several months, while eddy candidates yielded by other approaches tend to disperse or leak within weeks. These findings suggest that current Eulerian estimates of the Agulhas leakage need significant revision.Temporal evolution of fluid patches identified as eddies by different methods. First column: eddies extracted using geodesic eddy identification [1,2]. Second column: eddies identified from sea surface height (SSH) using the methodology of Chelton et al. [2] with U/c > 1. Third column: eddies identified as elliptic regions by the Okubo-Weiss (OW) criterion [e.g., 3]. Fourth column: eddies identified as mesoelliptic (ME) regions by Mezic et al.'s [4] criterion. References: [1] Beron-Vera et al. (2012). Geodesic eddy detection suggests reassessment of Agulhas leakage. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA, submitted. [2] Haller & Beron-Vera (2012). Geodesic theory of transport barriers in two-dimensional flows. Physica D, in press. [2] Chelton et al. (2011). Prog. Oceanog. 91, 167. [3] Chelton et al. (2007). Geophys. Res. Lett. 34, L5606. [4] Mezic et al. (2010). Science 330, 486.

A pilot study to image the vascular network of small melanocytic choroidal tumors with speckle noise-free 1050-nm swept source optical coherence tomography (OCT choroidal angiography).

PubMed

Maloca, Peter; Gyger, Cyrill; Hasler, Pascal W

2016-06-01

To visualize and measure the vascular network of melanocytic choroidal tumors with speckle noise-free swept source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT choroidal angiography). Melanocytic choroidal tumors from 24 eyes were imaged with 1050-nm optical coherence tomography (Topcon DRI OCT-1 Atlantis). A semi-automated algorithm was developed to remove speckle noise and to extract and measure the volume of the choroidal vessels from the obtained OCT data. In all cases, analysis of the choroidal vessels could be performed with SS-OCT without the need for pupillary dilation. The proposed method allows speckle noise-free, structure-guided visualization and measurement of the larger choroidal vessels in three dimensions. The obtained data suggest that speckle noise-free OCT may be more effective at identifying choroidal structures than traditional OCT methods. The measured volume of the extracted choroidal vessels of Haller's layer and Sattler's layer in the examined tumorous eyes was on average 0.982463955 mm(3) /982463956 μm(3) (range of 0.209764406 mm(3) /209764405.9 μm(3)to 1.78105544 mm(3) /1781055440 μm(3)). Full thickness obstruction of the choroidal vasculature by the tumor was found in 18 cases (72 %). In seven cases (18 %), choroidal vessel architecture did not show pronounced morphological abnormalities (18 %). Speckle noise-free OCT may serve as a new illustrative imaging technology and enhance visualization of the choroidal vessels without the need for dye injection. OCT can be used to identify and evaluate the choroidal vessels of melanocytic choroidal tumors, and may represent a potentially useful tool for imaging and monitoring of choroidal nevi and melanoma.

Survey of Protocols for the Manual Segmentation of the Hippocampus: Preparatory Steps Towards a Joint EADC-ADNI Harmonized Protocol

PubMed Central

Boccardi, Marina; Ganzola, Rossana; Bocchetta, Martina; Pievani, Michela; Redolfi, Alberto; Bartzokis, George; Camicioli, Richard; Csernansky, John G.; de Leon, Mony J.; deToledo-Morrell, Leyla; Killiany, Ronald J.; Lehéricy, Stéphane; Pantel, Johannes; Pruessner, Jens C.; Soininen, H.; Watson, Craig; Duchesne, Simon; Jack, Clifford R.; Frisoni, Giovanni B.

2013-01-01

Manual segmentation from magnetic resonance imaging (MR) is the gold standard for evaluating hippocampal atrophy in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Nonetheless, different segmentation protocols provide up to 2.5-fold volume differences. Here we surveyed the most frequently used segmentation protocols in the AD literature as a preliminary step for international harmonization. The anatomical landmarks (anteriormost and posteriormost slices, superior, inferior, medial, and lateral borders) were identified from 12 published protocols for hippocampal manual segmentation ([Abbreviation] first author, publication year: [B] Bartzokis, 1998; [C] Convit, 1997; [dTM] deToledo-Morrell, 2004; [H] Haller, 1997; [J] Jack, 1994; [K] Killiany, 1993; [L] Lehericy, 1994; [M] Malykhin, 2007; [Pa] Pantel, 2000; [Pr] Pruessner, 2000; [S] Soininen, 1994; [W] Watson, 1992). The hippocampi of one healthy control and one AD patient taken from the 1.5T MR ADNI database were segmented by a single rater according to each protocol. The accuracy of the protocols’ interpretation and translation into practice was checked with lead authors of protocols through individual interactive web conferences. Semantically harmonized landmarks and differences were then extracted, regarding: (a) the posteriormost slice, protocol [B] being the most restrictive, and [H, M, Pa, Pr, S] the most inclusive; (b) inclusion [C, dTM, J, L, M, Pr, W] or exclusion [B, H, K, Pa, S] of alveus/fimbria; (c) separation from the parahippocampal gyrus, [C] being the most restrictive, [B, dTM, H, J, Pa, S] the most inclusive. There were no substantial differences in the definition of the anteriormost slice. This survey will allow us to operationalize differences among protocols into tracing units, measure their impact on the repeatability and diagnostic accuracy of manual hippocampal segmentation, and finally develop a harmonized protocol. PMID:21971451

Towards the Sensory Nature of the Carotid Body: Hering, De Castro and Heymans†

PubMed Central

de Castro, Fernando

2009-01-01

The carotid body or glomus caroticum is a chemosensory organ bilaterally located between the external and internal carotid arteries. Although known by anatomists since the report included by Von Haller and Taube in the mid XVIII century, its detailed study started the first quarter of the XX. The Austro-German physiologist Heinrich E. Hering studied the cardio-respiratory reflexes searched for the anatomical basis of this reflex in the carotid sinus, while the Ghent School leaded by the physio-pharmacologists Jean-François Heymans and his son Corneille focussed in the cardio-aortic reflexogenic region. In 1925, Fernando De Castro, one of the youngest and more brilliant disciples of Santiago Ramón y Cajal at the Laboratorio de Investigaciones Biológicas (Madrid, Spain), profited from some original novelties in histological procedures to study the fine structure and innervation of the carotid body. De Castro unravelled them in a series of scientific papers published between 1926 and 1929, which became the basis to consider the carotid body as a sensory receptor (or chemoreceptor) to detect the chemical changes in the composition of the blood. Indeed, this was the first description of arterial chemoreceptors. Impressed by the novelty and implications of the work of De Castro, Corneille Heymans invited the Spanish neurologist to visit Ghent on two occasions (1929 and 1932), where both performed experiences together. Shortly after, Heymans visited De Castro at the Instituto Cajal (Madrid). From 1932 to 1933, Corneille Heymans focused all his attention on the carotid body his physiological demonstration of De Castro's hypothesis regarding chemoreceptors was awarded with the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1938, just when Spain was immersed in its catastrophic Civil War. PMID:20057927

Survey of protocols for the manual segmentation of the hippocampus: preparatory steps towards a joint EADC-ADNI harmonized protocol.

PubMed

Boccardi, Marina; Ganzola, Rossana; Bocchetta, Martina; Pievani, Michela; Redolfi, Alberto; Bartzokis, George; Camicioli, Richard; Csernansky, John G; de Leon, Mony J; deToledo-Morrell, Leyla; Killiany, Ronald J; Lehéricy, Stéphane; Pantel, Johannes; Pruessner, Jens C; Soininen, H; Watson, Craig; Duchesne, Simon; Jack, Clifford R; Frisoni, Giovanni B

2011-01-01

Manual segmentation from magnetic resonance imaging (MR) is the gold standard for evaluating hippocampal atrophy in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Nonetheless, different segmentation protocols provide up to 2.5-fold volume differences. Here we surveyed the most frequently used segmentation protocols in the AD literature as a preliminary step for international harmonization. The anatomical landmarks (anteriormost and posteriormost slices, superior, inferior, medial, and lateral borders) were identified from 12 published protocols for hippocampal manual segmentation ([Abbreviation] first author, publication year: [B] Bartzokis, 1998; [C] Convit, 1997; [dTM] deToledo-Morrell, 2004; [H] Haller, 1997; [J] Jack, 1994; [K] Killiany, 1993; [L] Lehericy, 1994; [M] Malykhin, 2007; [Pa] Pantel, 2000; [Pr] Pruessner, 2000; [S] Soininen, 1994; [W] Watson, 1992). The hippocampi of one healthy control and one AD patient taken from the 1.5T MR ADNI database were segmented by a single rater according to each protocol. The accuracy of the protocols' interpretation and translation into practice was checked with lead authors of protocols through individual interactive web conferences. Semantically harmonized landmarks and differences were then extracted, regarding: (a) the posteriormost slice, protocol [B] being the most restrictive, and [H, M, Pa, Pr, S] the most inclusive; (b) inclusion [C, dTM, J, L, M, Pr, W] or exclusion [B, H, K, Pa, S] of alveus/fimbria; (c) separation from the parahippocampal gyrus, [C] being the most restrictive, [B, dTM, H, J, Pa, S] the most inclusive. There were no substantial differences in the definition of the anteriormost slice. This survey will allow us to operationalize differences among protocols into tracing units, measure their impact on the repeatability and diagnostic accuracy of manual hippocampal segmentation, and finally develop a harmonized protocol.

An Analysis of the Anatomic Variations of the Paranasal Sinuses and Ethmoid Roof Using Computed Tomography

PubMed Central

Kaplanoglu, Hatice; Kaplanoglu, Veysel; Dilli, Alper; Toprak, Ugur; Hekimoğlu, Baki

2013-01-01

Objective: To determine the Keros classification and asymmetrical distribution rates of the ethmoid roof and the frequency of anatomic variations of the paranasal sinuses. Materials and Methods: Paranasal sinus scans of 500 patients obtained using computed tomography were evaluated retrospectively. Measurements were performed using a coronal plan with right-left comparison and with distance measurement techniques. The depth of the lateral lamella was calculated by subtracting the depth of the cribriform plate from the depth of the medial ethmoid roof. The results were classified according to their Keros classification. Any asymmetries in the ethmoid roof depth and fovea ethmoidalis configuration were examined. The anatomic variations frequently encountered in paranasal sinuses (pneumatized middle concha, paradoxical middle concha, agger nasi cells, Haller cells, Onodi cells, etc.) were defined. Results: The mean height of the lateral lamella cribriform plate (LLCP) was 4.92±1.70 mm. The cases were classified as 13.4% Keros Type I, 76.1% Keros Type II, and 10.5% Keros Type III. There was asymmetry in the LLCP depths of 80% of the cases, and a configuration asymmetry in the fovea in 35% of the cases. In 32% of the cases with fovea configuration asymmetry, there was also asymmetry in the height of the right and left LLCP. The most frequent variations were nasal septum deviation (81.8%), agger nasi cells (63.8%), intralamellar air cells (45%), and concha bullosa (30%). Conclusion: Using the Keros classification for LLCP height, higher rates of Keros Type I were found in other studies than in our study. The most frequent classification was Keros Type II. The paranasal sinus variations in each patient should be carefully evaluated. The data obtained from these evaluations can prevent probable complications by informing rhinologists performing endoscopic sinus surgery about preoperative and intraoperative processes. PMID:25610263

Miratü'lEbdan Fi Teşrih-i Azaül-İnsan: first printed illustrated anatomy book in Ottoman-Turkish medicine.

PubMed

Ortug, Gursel; Ortug, Alpen; Kurt, Namik Kemal

2018-04-13

Medical education in Ottoman-Turkish medicine was shaped by the influence of Claudius Galenus (c.130-c.210) and Ibn-i Sina (c.980-c.1037). These teachings were performed in madrasahs until the beginning of the 19th century period. Within the scope of master-apprentice relationship, medical training was also given in private clinics. As a result of religious and social pressures on scientific studies human cadavers were never used because they were considered sacred. For centuries, all books were handwritten during the Ottoman Empire until the first printing press was established in Istanbul during 1726. However, the first illustrated book on anatomy was not printed until another 100 years later. A comparative study was conducted on the anatomical drawings in"Miratü'l Ebdan Fi Teşrih-i Azau'l İnsan" (Ataullah ŞM, 17th),and significance of this book. 46 out of 56 figures were received from the book of physian and anatomist Jean Palfin (1650-1730). Remaining 9 figures were cited from author himself as collected from Bernard Siegfried Albinus (1697-1170), Raymond Vieussens (1614- 1715), R. Drake (1667-1707), Clopton Havers (1657-1702), Albrecht von Haller (1708- 1777), Joseph Guichard Duverney (1648-1730). The figures were drawn exactly the same way with minimal changes. Main text of the book is mostly translation from Italian edition of Bertin and Palfin's Works.The book is not only the first printed anatomical book but also the first printed work in Ottoman-Turkish medicine. Another very significant aspect is the illustrations are perspective drawing figures which differs from miniature style drawings of the past. Şânîzade Ataullah's work is a significant value not only for being the first printed illustrated anatomy book which makes it more approachable but also gives anatomical drawings as illustrations not as miniature style painting.

Paranasal sinus bony structures and sinus functioning during viral colds in subjects with and without a history of recurrent sinusitis.

PubMed

Alho, Olli-Pekka

2003-12-01

The objective was to assess the impact of ostial obstruction and anatomical variations on paranasal sinus functioning during viral colds with computed tomography (CT) in subjects with and without a history of sinusitis. Cross-sectional study. Twenty-three volunteers with a history of recurrent sinusitis and 25 subjects without such history who had an early (symptoms for 2-4 d) natural cold were examined by taking viral specimens and CT scans and recording symptoms. The pathological sinus changes in the CT scans were scored, and several paranasal bony anatomical variations recorded. Viral origin of the cold was identified in 32 (67%) subjects, similarly in the two groups. Ostiomeatal obstruction and anatomical variations were equally frequent in the subjects with and without a sinusitis history (17 of 23 vs. 17 of 25 for ostial obstruction and 17 of 23 vs. 20 of 25 for at least one variation, respectively). However, in the case of ostiomeatal obstruction the combined CT score of ethmoidal and maxillary sinuses was significantly higher in the subjects with a sinusitis history than in those without (mean +/- SD, 3.0 +/- 0.9 vs. 2.3 +/- 1.2 [P =.05, t test]). In the sinusitis-prone subjects, several variations were associated significantly with various pathological sinus CT changes (septal deviation, horizontally situated processus uncinatus, large concha bullosa, and laterally concave concha media), whereas in the control subjects, only the presence of Haller cells was related to sphenoidal sinus disease. Ostiomeatal complex obstruction and bony anatomical variations seem to have a greater impact on the functioning of paranasal sinuses during viral colds in sinusitis-prone subjects than in subjects without a sinusitis history. These differences may be associated with the increased risk of bacterial sinusitis.

Anatomical practice at Göttingen University since the Age of Enlightenment and the fate of victims from Wolfenbüttel prison under Nazi rule.

PubMed

Ude-Koeller, Susanne; Knauer, Wilfried; Viebahn, Christoph

2012-06-01

This report briefly summarises anatomical practice at Göttingen University from its founding in 1737 until the Nazi period and gives a detailed account of how Nazi death penalty legislation and execution practice at Wolfenbüttel prison influenced the decision-making of the anatomists in charge at that time. Problems in the procurement of corpses, encountered almost continuously throughout Europe since the broad introduction of dissection into medical training in the early 18th century, were absent in Göttingen during periods of overt progress in anatomical sciences, e.g. under Albrecht von Haller (in office 1736-1753) and Jacob Henle (1853-1885), and at times when existing regulations were rigorously enforced by the authorities (1814-1851). Ample availability of corpses in the wake of more than 600 executions in Wolfenbüttel between 1935 and 1945 was curtailed only by transportation fuel shortages and resulted in the dissection of more than 200 Nazi victim corpses in the Göttingen anatomy course. Apparently, neither individual offers of voluntary body donation (dating from 1932 to 1937 and published here as the earliest documents of this kind), nor the strong tradition of high-level anatomical research, nor even the awareness of the University's Age of Enlightenment origin, prevented the unethical use of corpses of Nazi victims for medical teaching. The Göttingen example may add "historical and moral detachment" under unusual political and wartime pressures to the "clinical and emotional detachment" thought to prevail amongst anatomy personnel (Hildebrandt, in this issue); together with the other reports it calls for all anatomists to bear in mind their ever present ethical obligations in respect to activities involving the use of corpses, both in medical schools and in the public domain. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.

Rates, Delays, and Completeness of General Practitioners' Responses to a Postal Versus Web-Based Survey: A Randomized Trial.

PubMed

Sebo, Paul; Maisonneuve, Hubert; Cerutti, Bernard; Fournier, Jean Pascal; Senn, Nicolas; Haller, Dagmar M

2017-03-22

Web-based surveys have become a new and popular method for collecting data, but only a few studies have directly compared postal and Web-based surveys among physicians, and none to our knowledge among general practitioners (GPs). Our aim is to compare two modes of survey delivery (postal and Web-based) in terms of participation rates, response times, and completeness of questionnaires in a study assessing GPs' preventive practices. This randomized study was conducted in Western Switzerland (Geneva and Vaud) and in France (Alsace and Pays de la Loire) in 2015. A random selection of community-based GPs (1000 GPs in Switzerland and 2400 GPs in France) were randomly allocated to receive a questionnaire about preventive care activities either by post (n=700 in Switzerland, n=400 in France) or by email (n=300 in Switzerland, n=2000 in France). Reminder messages were sent once in the postal group and twice in the Web-based group. Any GPs practicing only complementary and alternative medicine were excluded from the study. Among the 3400 contacted GPs, 764 (22.47%, 95% CI 21.07%-23.87%) returned the questionnaire. Compared to the postal group, the participation rate in the Web-based group was more than four times lower (246/2300, 10.70% vs 518/1100, 47.09%, P<.001), but median response time was much shorter (1 day vs 1-3 weeks, P<.001) and the number of GPs having fully completed the questionnaire was almost twice as high (157/246, 63.8% vs 179/518, 34.6%, P<.001). Web-based surveys offer many advantages such as reduced response time, higher completeness of data, and large cost savings, but our findings suggest that postal surveys can be still considered for GP research. The use of mixed-mode approaches is probably a good strategy to increase GPs' participation in surveys while reducing costs. ©Paul Sebo, Hubert Maisonneuve, Bernard Cerutti, Jean Pascal Fournier, Nicolas Senn, Dagmar M Haller. Originally published in the Journal of Medical Internet Research (http

A clinical decision-making model for repeat surgical treatment of pectus Bar displacement: distance measurement after nuss procedure.

PubMed

Sa, Young Jo; Lee, Jongho; Jeong, Jin Yong; Choi, Moonhee; Park, Soo Seog; Sim, Sung Bo; Jo, Keon Hyon

2016-01-19

Bar displacement is one of the most common and serious complications after the Nuss procedure. However, measurements of and factors affecting bar displacement have not been reported. The objectives of this study were to develop a decision model to guide surgeons considering repeat treatment and to estimate optimal cut-off values to determine whether reoperation to correct bar displacement is warranted. From July 2011 to August 2013, ninety bars were inserted in 61 patients who underwent Nuss procedures for pectus excavatum. Group A did not need surgical intervention and Group B required reoperation for bar displacement. Bar position was measured as the distance from the posterior superior end of the sternal body to the upper border of the metal bar on lateral chest radiographs. The bar displacement index (BDI) was calculated using D0 - Dx / D0 x 100 (D0: bar position the day after surgery; Dx: minimal or maximal distance of bar position on the following postoperative days). The optimal cut-off values of BDI warranting reoperation were assessed on the basis of ROC curve analysis. Of the 61 patients, 32 had single bars inserted whereas 29 had parallel bars inserted. There was a significant difference in age (14.0 ± 7.5 vs. 23.3 ± 12.0, p = 0.0062), preoperative Haller index (HI) (4.0 ± 1.1 vs. 5.0 ± 1.0, p = 0.033), and postoperative HI (2.7 ± 0.4 vs. 3.2 ± 0.5 p = 0.006) between the two groups. The optimal cut-off value of BDI was 8.7. We developed a BDI model for surgeons considering performing reoperation after Nuss procedure. The optimal cut-off value of BDI was 8.7. This model may help surgeons to decide objectively whether corrective surgery should be performed. The main factors affecting the relationship between bar displacement and reoperation were age and preoperative HI.

Medicine in the Encyclopédie (1751-1780) of Diderot and d'Alembert.

PubMed

De Santo, Natale G; Bisaccia, Carmela; Cirillo, Massimo; Richet, Gabriel

2011-01-01

On July 1, 1751, the royal Parisian printer Le Breton published the first volume of the Encyclopédie of Diderot and d'Alembert, a rational dictionary, in folio and in alphabetical order, sold by subscription. The whole work was completed in 1780 (a total of 35 volumes, of which 12 were of illustrations, 4 of supplements and 2 of indices). In 1782 it was followed by the Encyclopédie méthodique, printed by Panckoucke, which ended in 1832 with volume number 166. The frontispiece of the first volume, designed by Charles-Nicolas Cochin Jr. and engraved by Benoît-Louis Prévost showed the columns of an Ionic temple where the Truth appears between Reason and Philosophy. Reason is shown trying to break the veil of Truth, and Philosophy trying to embellish it. Below are the philosophers, their eyes fixed on Truth. Theology is on his knees with his back facing Truth, and seems to receive light from the top. The subsequent chain of figures depicts Memory, Ancient History, Modern History, Geometry, Astronomy and Physics. Below are Optics, Botany, Chemistry and Agriculture. On the bottom line one finds the representatives of arts and professions derived from science. In a 42-page preface ("Discours préliminaire") d'Alembert discussed the path to new knowledge as one "based on what we receive through senses. Ideas depend on senses." The medical collaborators were, or became, famous. Medicine was considered to be rooted in experiment, in patients and in measurements. Functions started to be described with numbers. It was the birth of determinism which was later reinforced by Magendie and Claude Bernard. Albrecht Haller, president of the Academy of Science at Göttingen, as well as a member of all European academies, wrote seminal entries. New accurate definitions appeared for life, disease, death, infections, plague, epidemics, hygiene, fevers and edema. Semiology, the study of signs, became the visible explanation of deranged function, diagnosis and prognosis.

The effect of minimally invasive surgical repair on the lung volumes of patients with pectus excavatum.

PubMed

Sengul, Aysen Taslak; Sahin, Bunyamin; Celenk, Cetin; Basoglu, Ahmet; Sengul, Bilal

2014-04-01

To assess the increase in lung volume after Nuss surgery in patients with pectus excavatum (PE) by using stereological methods and to evaluate the correlation between the lung volume and spirometry findings. Twenty patients, treated for PE between 2008 and 2010, were evaluated prospectively. They underwent preoperative chest radiography, computed thorax tomography (CTT), and spirometry. Thereafter, the Haller index was calculated for each patient. In the third postoperative month, CTT and spirometry were repeated.Lung volumes and volume fractions were evaluated using CTT images, applying the Cavalieri principle for stereological methods. Then the correlation between the pre- and postoperative values of the lung volumes with spirometry findings was determined. Volumes of the right and left lungs were calculated stereologically, using CTT images. Postoperative volume increase of ∼417.6 ± 747.6 mL was detected. The maximum volume increase was observed in the left lung. In the postoperative period, the total volume increase and the volume increase detected in the left lung were found to be statistically significant (p < 0.05).The preoperative correlation coefficients (r) for forced vital capacity, forced expiratory volume in 1 second, and forced expiratory flow 25 to 75% were 0.67, 0.68, and 0.61, respectively; the postoperative r figures were 0.43, 0.42, and 0.35, respectively. Although there was a strong correlation between the preoperative lung volume and spirometry findings (p < 0.05), no correlation was observed between the postoperative lung volume and spirometry findings (p > 0.05). Postoperative pulmonary volume increase occurs in patients with PE after Nuss surgery. However, postoperative spirometry findings may not reflect morphological improvement because pain restricts thoracic movements. Therefore, in patients with PE, quantitative evaluation of the results of surgical repair is possible using the CTT images through a combination of

Hydrogenation of benzaldehyde via electrocatalysis and thermal catalysis on carbon-supported metals

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Song, Yang; Sanyal, Udishnu; Pangotra, Dhananjai

Abstract Selective reduction of benzaldehyde to benzyl alcohol on C-supported Pt, Rh, Pd, and Ni in aqueous phase was conducted using either directly H2 (thermal catalytic hydrogenation, TCH) or in situ electrocatalytically generated hydrogen (electrocatalytic hydrogenation, ECH). In TCH, the intrinsic activity of the metals at room temperature and 1 bar H2 increased in the sequence Rh/C < Pt/C < Pd/C, while Ni/C is inactive at these conditions due to surface oxidation in the absence of cathodic potential. The reaction follows a Langmuir-Hinshelwood mechanism with the second hydrogen addition to the adsorbed hydrocarbon being the rate-determining step. All tested metalsmore » were active in ECH of benzaldehyde, although hydrogenation competes with the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). The minimum cathodic potentials to obtain appreciable ECH rates were identical to the onset potentials of HER. Above this onset, the relative rates of H reacting to H2 and H addition to the hydrocarbon determines the selectivity to ECH and TCH. Accordingly, the selectivity of the metals towards ECH increases in the order Ni/C < Pt/C < Rh/C < Pd/C. Pd/C shows exceptionally high ECH selectivity due to its surprisingly low HER reactivity under the reaction conditions. Acknowledgements The authors would like to thank the groups of Hubert A. Gasteiger at the Technische Universität München of Jorge Gascon at the Delft University of Technology for advice and valuable discussions. The authors are grateful to Nirala Singh, Erika Ember, Gary Haller, and Philipp Rheinländer for fruitful discussions. We are also grateful to Marianne Hanzlik for TEM measurements and to Xaver Hecht and Martin Neukamm for technical support. Y.S. would like to thank the Chinese Scholarship Council for the financial support. The research described in this paper is part of the Chemical Transformation Initiative at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), conducted under the Laboratory Directed Research and

Dynamic interactions in the IT system via LCS analysis

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wang, N.; Ramirez, U.; Datta-Barua, S.

2017-12-01

In the ionosphere-thermosphere (IT) system, charged and neutral particles interact to re-distribute energy and momentum by collisions, diffusion and advection. The ion-neutral interactions have been analyzed through modeling, measurements, and data assimilation. Recently, Lagrangian coherent structure (LCS) analysis is showing promise as a novel way to predict transport and interaction processes in time-varying flow fields. LCSs describing the maximum divergence or convergence in the flow are invisible manifolds independent of the observer [Haller 2005]. LCSs are most commonly defined with the locally maximum finite time Lyapunov exponent (FTLE), a scalar field measuring the ratio of stretching after a given interval of time among neighboring particles, relative to their initial separation. Previous work showed that LCSs were found and illustrated in both thermospheric neutral wind flows [Wang et al. 2017] and ionospheric plasma drifts . In this work, we apply the LCS technique to analyze the material and energy transport processes in the coupled thermosphere and ionosphere. Ionosphere-Thermosphere Algorithm for Lagrangian Coherent Structures (ITALCS) is used for computing the forward-time FTLE scalar fields in the two-dimension thermospheric and ionospheric flows. For the initial study, the thermospheric flows are generated by the Horizontal Wind Model 2014 (HWM14) [Drob et al. 2015] and ionospheric plasma drifts are computed with the electric potential simulated with Weimer 2005 [Weimer 2005] and magnetic field generated by 12th generation International Geomagnetic Reference Field (IGRF12) [Thébault et al. 2015]. A preliminary comparison between the thermospheric LCSs and ionospheric LCSs based on independent empirical models of the thermosphere and the plasma drifts shows that both thermospheric LCSs and ionospheric LCSs appear at higher latitudes and extend to lower latitudes during a geomagnetic storm. By comparing the LCS patterns and their tendencies to

A cross-sectional study for the development of growth of patients with pectus excavatum.

PubMed

Park, Hyung Joo; Kim, Jae Jun; Park, Jae Kil; Moon, Seok Whan

2016-12-01

different from that of NCG. In addition, height and BMI of PostG were larger than those of PreG (height 131.2 ± 0.3 vs 130.4 ± 0.3, P < 0.001; BMI 16.7 ± 0.1 vs 16.6 ± 0.1, P = 0.143). However, weight of PostG was significantly smaller than that of PreG (30.4 ± 0.2 vs 30.9 ± 0.2, P = 0.005). (ii) The severity of pectus excavatum was defined by the Haller index and the patients were divided into two groups by the mean value of the Haller index (4.3 ± 1.53). Preoperatively, weight and BMI of the high severity group (HG) were significantly smaller than those of the low severity group (LG) (weight 28.2 ± 0.3 vs 29.1 ± 0.2, P = 0.029; BMI 16.2 ± 0.1 vs16.6 ± 0.1, P = 0.008); however, height of HG was not significantly different from that of LG. Postoperatively, body measurements of HG were not significantly different from those of LG. In addition, severity of pectus excavatum was not correlated to age. (iii) Preoperatively, body measurements of the symmetric group (SG) were not different from those of the asymmetric group (AG). However, asymmetric type was more common in the older group (10.8 ± 5.7 vs 6.7 ± 5.0 years, P < 0.001). In addition, body measurements of SG were not different from those of AG postoperatively. (iv) Body growth after the surgery was more prominent in the early (age <10 years: height 112.4 ± 0.3 vs113.1 ± 0.4, P = 0.016, weight 20.2 ± 0.1 vs 20.2 ± 0.3, P = 0.053, BMI 15.7 ± 0.2 vs 15.8 ± 0.1, P = 0.007) than the late operation group (age ≥10 years: height 167.7 ± 0.5 vs 167.0 ± 0.6, P < 0.001, weight 51.2 ± 0.5 vs 51.8 ± 0.5, P = 0.536, BMI 18.1 ± 0.1 vs 18.3 ± 0.1, P = 0.078). Development of growth in patients with pectus excavatum is retarded and appears to be related to the severity of pectus excavatum. The development of growth can be recovered by early correction of the deformity. © The Author 2016. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery. All rights reserved.

cAMP and in vivo hypoxia induce tob, ifr1, and fos expression in erythroid cells of the chick embryo.

PubMed

Dragon, Stefanie; Offenhäuser, Nina; Baumann, Rosemarie

2002-04-01

During avian embryonic development, terminal erythroid differentiation occurs in the circulation. Some of the key events, such as the induction of erythroid 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate (2,3-BPG), carbonic anhydrase (CAII), and pyrimidine 5'-nucleotidase (P5N) synthesis are oxygen dependent (Baumann R, Haller EA, Schöning U, and Weber M, Dev Biol 116: 548-551, 1986; Dragon S and Baumann R, Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol 280: R870-R878, 2001; Dragon S, Carey C, Martin K, and Baumann R, J Exp Biol 202: 2787-2795, 1999; Dragon S, Glombitza S, Götz R, and Baumann R, Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol 271: R982-R989, 1996; Dragon S, Hille R, Götz R, and Baumann R, Blood 91: 3052-3058, 1998; Million D, Zillner P, and Baumann R, Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol 261: R1188-R1196, 1991) in an indirect way: hypoxia stimulates the release of norepinephrine (NE)/adenosine into the circulation (Dragon et al., J Exp Biol 202: 2787-2795, 1999; Dragon et al., Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol 271: R982-R989, 1996). This leads via erythroid beta-adrenergic/adenosine A(2) receptor activation to a cAMP signal inducing several proteins in a transcription-dependent manner (Dragon et al., Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol 271: R982-R989, 1996; Dragon et al., Blood 91: 3052-3058, 1998; Glombitza S, Dragon S, Berghammer M, Pannermayr M, and Baumann R, Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol 271: R973-R981, 1996). To understand how the cAMP-dependent processes are initiated, we screened an erythroid cDNA library for cAMP-regulated genes. We detected three genes that were strongly upregulated (>5-fold) by cAMP in definitive and primitive red blood cells. They are homologous to the mammalian Tob, Ifr1, and Fos proteins. In addition, the genes are induced in the intact embryo during short-term hypoxia. Because the genes are regulators of proliferation and differentiation in other cell types, we suggest that c

Facial Soft Tissue Thickness of Midline in an Iranian Sample: MRI Study.

PubMed

Johari, Masume; Esmaeili, Farzad; Hamidi, Hadi

2017-01-01

To identify human skeletal remains, different methods can be used and using these techniques, important data can be obtained. However, facial reconstruction is the last method to indentify unknown human faces which requires knowledge about facial soft tissue thickness in the different positions of the face. The present study determined the facial soft tissue thickness in the different landmark points on the MRI images of patients referred to Radiology Department of Shahid Madani Hospital. In this descriptive cross-sectional trial, MRI images of 179 patients (61 males, 118 females) in the age range of 18-76 years old who did not show any pathologic lesions, were selected. The measurements of the facial soft tissue were done on 12 landmark points on the midline area by two radiologist observers using specific software on the images. The differences in the soft tissue thickness in these landmark points were statistically analyzed by Mann-Whitney U (in term of gender) and Kruskal-Wallis tests (in terms of Body Mass Index [BMI] and age groups). P value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. The data were compared with the results of other studies. The results obtained in the present study were higher than Turkish and American studies in most of the landmark points. Facial soft tissue thickness in most of the landmarks was more in males than females. In some of the landmarks, significant differences were found between emaciated, normal and overweight patients while in most cases, soft tissue thickness increased with the increased BMI. In some cases, significant differences were noted between soft tissue thickness values among the different age groups, in which the thickness increased or thinned with the increased age. There were statistically significant associations between the presence and surface area of Haller cells and the occurrence of ipsilateral maxillary sinusitis. Neither the angulation of the uncinate process nor the size of the maxillary

Properties of bosons in a one-dimensional bichromatic optical lattice in the regime of the pinning transition: A worm-algorithm Monte Carlo study

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sakhel, Asaad R.

2016-09-01

The sensitivity of the pinning transition (PT) as described by the sine-Gordon model of strongly interacting bosons confined in a shallow, one-dimensional, periodic optical lattice (OL), is examined against perturbations of the OL. The PT has been recently realized experimentally by Haller et al. [Nature (London) 466, 597 (2010), 10.1038/nature09259] and is the exact opposite of the superfluid-to-Mott-insulator transition in a deep OL with weakly interacting bosons. The continuous-space worm-algorithm (WA) Monte Carlo method [Boninsegni et al., Phys. Rev. E 74, 036701 (2006), 10.1103/PhysRevE.74.036701] is applied for the present examination. It is found that the WA is able to reproduce the PT, which is another manifestation of the power of continuous-space WA methods in capturing the physics of phase transitions. In order to examine the sensitivity of the PT, it is tweaked by the addition of the secondary OL. The resulting bichromatic optical lattice (BCOL) is considered with a rational ratio of the constituting wavelengths λ1 and λ2 in contrast to the commonly used irrational ratio. For a weak BCOL, it is chiefly demonstrated that this PT is robust against the introduction of a weaker, secondary OL. The system is explored numerically by scanning its properties in a range of the Lieb-Liniger interaction parameter γ in the regime of the PT. It is argued that there should not be much difference in the results between those due to an irrational ratio λ1/λ2 and those due to a rational approximation of the latter, bringing this in line with a recent statement by Boers et al. [Phys. Rev. A 75, 063404 (2007), 10.1103/PhysRevA.75.063404]. The correlation function, Matsubara Green's function (MGF), and the single-particle density matrix do not respond to changes in the depth of the secondary OL V1. For a stronger BCOL, however, a response is observed because of changes in V1. In the regime where the bosons are fermionized, the MGF reveals that hole excitations are

Physiology of Penile Erection—A Brief History of the Scientific Understanding up till the Eighties of the 20th Century

PubMed Central

2015-01-01

Abstract Introduction Understanding the physiology of penile erection is important for all who work in the field of sexual medicine. Aim The aim of this study was to highlight and analyze historical aspects of the scientific understanding of penile erection. Methods (i) Review of the chapters on the physiology of erection out of the author's collection of books dealing with male sexual functioning published in the German, French, Dutch, and English language in between 1780 and 1940. (ii) Review of the topic “physiology of penile erection” of relevant chapters of C lassical writings on erectile dysfunction. A n annotated collection of original texts from three millennia, including the study of all relevant references mentioned in these books. Main Outcome Measure The main outcome measure used for the study was the scientific understanding of the physiology of penile erection. Results In Antiquity, Galen considered penile erection as the result the accumulation of air. His ideas so dominated medieval medicine that nearly everyone then alive was a Galenist. The beginning of the Renaissance shows meaningful examples of experimental scientific work on the penis. Da Vinci correctly concluded that erections were caused by blood, and in the 18th century, Von Haller from Switzerland was the first who explained that erections were under the control of the nervous system. In the 19th century, a mindset that emphasized on experimentation determined a new direction, namely experimental physiology. Animal studies clarified that stimulation of the nervi erigentes‐induced small muscle relaxation in the corpora cavernosa. Nearly all were published in the German language. That may be one of the reasons that the existence of the concept of smooth muscle relaxation remained controversial until the first World Congress on Impotence in 1984 in Paris. Conclusions As the Renaissance's innovative research defined neural and vascular physiologic phenomena responsible for penile

Pectus excavatum and pectus carinatum patients suffer from lower quality of life and impaired body image: a control group comparison of psychological characteristics prior to surgical correction.

PubMed

Steinmann, Cornelia; Krille, Stefanie; Mueller, Astrid; Weber, Peter; Reingruber, Bertram; Martin, Alexandra

2011-11-01

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of anterior chest-wall deformities on disease-specific and health-related quality of life, body image, and psychiatric comorbidity prior to surgical correction. A total of 90 patients (71 with pectus excavatum, 19 with pectus carinatum) presenting themselves for pectus repair and 82 control subjects were recruited for this study. The objective severity of the deformity was determined through the funnel-chest index by Hümmer and the Haller index. Disease-specific quality of life was measured with the Nuss Questionnaire modified for Adults (NQ-mA) and health-related quality of life was determined by the Short-Form-36 Health Survey (SF-36). Body image was assessed via the Body Image Questionnaire (FKB-20), the Dysmorphic Concern Questionnaire (DCQ), and a self-evaluation of the subjective impairment of the appearance. The Diagnostic Interview for Mental Disorders - Short Version (Mini-DIPS), the General Depression Scale (Allgemeine Depressionsskala, ADS), and a self-rating of self-esteem were used to evaluate general psychological impairment. Compared with control group results, physical quality of life was reduced in patients with pectus excavatum, while mental quality of life was decreased in patients with pectus carinatum (p<0.05). Body image was highly disturbed in all the patients and differed significantly from the control group (p<0.01). Patients with pectus carinatum appeared to be less satisfied with their appearance than those with pectus excavatum (p=0.07). Body image distress was multivariately associated with both reduced mental quality of life and low self-esteem (p<0.001). Body image did not influence physical quality of life. Patients displayed no elevated rates of mental disorders according to Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fourth edition (DSM-IV) criteria. Since self-perception is a major contributor to therapeutic decision making, a systematic evaluation of body image should

Some biological reflections on the concept of life.

PubMed

Pennazio, Sergio

2010-01-01

Life is the natural phenomenon that has always aroused the largest interest of philosophers, theologians and scientists, on which a new science--biology--was founded two century ago just for throwing light on its mechanisms. As the pre-Hellenic culture was not able to separate distinctly philosophy from science, life was interpreted as a spurious flurry of the activity of Nature, in which religion, magic and science were interlaced in an intricate way. The Hippocratic medicine constituted the first attempt to focus attention on life by collecting some biological knowledge in order to maintain man's health. All the subsequent physiologists (from the Hellenic to the Latin period) benefited from the precepts of the Corpus Hippocraticum as long as the Christian religion imposed its theological rules that favoured the question relative to soul ever more closely interlaced with the physiology of body. The concept of life became therefore subjected to a number of opposite theories with strong prevalence of metaphysical conjectures until the 19th century but, in spite of this imposition, splendid successes were achieved by physiologists and naturalists such as Harvey, Descartes, Haller, Malpighi, Spallanzani, Wolff, and others, who laid the foundation of a biology that has Lamarck as promoter. The importance of Lamarck's biology came from the release from metaphysics with the introduction of physical and structural concepts which permeated the experimental biology to come. Three main events characterised the biology of the 19th century: i) the interplay of the new chemistry with biology, ii) the cell theory, iii) the concept of metabolism. These events led biology to the 20th century, the era of biochemistry and molecular genetics. The discoveries relative to metabolism characterised the first half of this century, while the second half was witness to the internal mechanisms regulating the life of cells, perhaps the most advanced success of the biology of all time. Today

Sinonasal anatomical variations: their relationship with chronic rhinosinusitis and effect on the severity of disease-a computerized tomography assisted anatomical and clinical study.

PubMed

Kaygusuz, Ahmet; Haksever, Mehmet; Akduman, Davut; Aslan, Sündüs; Sayar, Zeynep

2014-09-01

The anatomy of the sinonasal area has a very wide rage of anatomical variations. The significance of these anatomical variations in pathogenesis of rhinosinusitis, which is the commonest disease in the region, is still unclear. The aims of the study were to compare the rate of sinonasal anatomical variations with development and severity of chronic rhinosinusitis patients. CT scan of paranasal sinuses images of 99 individuals were retrospectively reviewed. 65 cases of chronic rhinosinusitis (study group) who had undergone endoscopic sinus surgery were compared with 34 cases without chronic rhinosinusitis (control group). Also in study group Lund-Mackay score of the sinus disease were calculated and compared to the rate of related anatomical variations. There were 74 (74.7 %) males and 25 (25.2 %) females with ages ranging from 13 to 70 years (mean 32.2 years). The anatomical variations recorded were: Septal deviation 47 (72.3) in study and 25 (73.5 %) in control group, concha bullosa 27 (41.5 %) in study and 18 (52.9 %) in control group, overpneumatized ethmoid bulla 17 (26.1 %) in study and 14 (41.1 %) in control group, pneumatized uncinate 3 (4.6 %) in study and 3 (8.8 %) in control group, agger nasi 42 (64.6 %) in study and 19 (55.8 %) in control group, paradoxical middle turbinates 9 (13.8 %) in study and 4 (11.7 %) in control group, Onodi cell 6 (9.2 %) in study and 2 (5.8 %) in control group, Haller's cells (infraorbital ethmoid cell) 9 (13.8 %) in study and 7 (20.5 %) in control group. None of these results were statistically significant between study and control group (p > 0.05). Lund-Mackay score (which was assumed to show the severity of the disease) of the maxillary, ethmoid and frontal sinus were calculated and compared to rate of septal deviation, concha bullosa, agger nasi cells. No significant correlation was conducted (p > 0.05). The results of study showed no statistically significant correlation between sinonasal anatomical

Analysis of bubble plume spacing produced by regular breaking waves

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Phaksopa, J.; Haller, M. C.

2012-12-01

The breaking wave process in the ocean is a significant mechanism for energy dissipation, splash, and entrainment of air. The relationship between breaking waves and bubble plume characteristics is still a mystery because of the complexity of the breaking wave mechanism. This study takes a unique approach to quantitatively analyze bubble plumes produced by regular breaking waves. Various previous studies have investigated the formation and the characteristics of bubble plumes using either field observations, laboratory experiments, or numerical modeling However, in most observational work the plume characteristics have been studied from the underneath the water surface. In addition, though numerical simulations are able to include much of the important physics, the computational costs are high and bubble plume events are only simulated for short times. Hence, bubble plume evolution and generation throughout the surf zone is not yet computationally feasible. In the present work we take a unique approach to analyzing bubble plumes. These data may be of use for model/data comparisons as numerical simulations become more tractable. The remotely sensed video data from freshwater breaking waves in the OSU Large Wave Flume (Catalan and Haller, 2008) are analyzed. The data set contains six different regular wave conditions and the video intensity data are used to estimate the spacing of plume events (wavenumber spectrum), to calculate the spectral width (i.e. the range of plume spacing), and to relate these with the wave conditions. The video intensity data capture the evolution of the wave passage over a fixed bed arranged in a bar-trough morphology. Bright regions represent the moving path or trajectory coincident with bubble plume of each wave. It also shows the bubble foam were generated and released from wave crest shown in the form of bubble tails with almost regular spacing for each wave. The bubble tails show that most bubbles did not move along with wave. For the

A direct morphometric comparison of five labeling protocols for multi-atlas driven automatic segmentation of the hippocampus in Alzheimer's disease.

PubMed

Nestor, Sean M; Gibson, Erin; Gao, Fu-Qiang; Kiss, Alex; Black, Sandra E

2013-02-01

Hippocampal volumetry derived from structural MRI is increasingly used to delineate regions of interest for functional measurements, assess efficacy in therapeutic trials of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and has been endorsed by the new AD diagnostic guidelines as a radiological marker of disease progression. Unfortunately, morphological heterogeneity in AD can prevent accurate demarcation of the hippocampus. Recent developments in automated volumetry commonly use multi-template fusion driven by expert manual labels, enabling highly accurate and reproducible segmentation in disease and healthy subjects. However, there are several protocols to define the hippocampus anatomically in vivo, and the method used to generate atlases may impact automatic accuracy and sensitivity - particularly in pathologically heterogeneous samples. Here we report a fully automated segmentation technique that provides a robust platform to directly evaluate both technical and biomarker performance in AD among anatomically unique labeling protocols. For the first time we test head-to-head the performance of five common hippocampal labeling protocols for multi-atlas based segmentation, using both the Sunnybrook Longitudinal Dementia Study and the entire Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative 1 (ADNI-1) baseline and 24-month dataset. We based these atlas libraries on the protocols of (Haller et al., 1997; Killiany et al., 1993; Malykhin et al., 2007; Pantel et al., 2000; Pruessner et al., 2000), and a single operator performed all manual tracings to generate de facto "ground truth" labels. All methods distinguished between normal elders, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and AD in the expected directions, and showed comparable correlations with measures of episodic memory performance. Only more inclusive protocols distinguished between stable MCI and MCI-to-AD converters, and had slightly better associations with episodic memory. Moreover, we demonstrate that protocols including more posterior

Adventure Learning @ Greenland

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Miller, B. G.; Cox, C. J.; Hougham, J.; Walden, V. P.; Eitel, K.; Albano, A.

2013-12-01

Summit (ICECAPS) project (Shupe et al. 2012; http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/psd/arctic/observatories/summit/). ICECAPS is an atmospheric observatory focused on obtaining high temporal resolution measurements of clouds from ground-based remote sensors including radar, lidar, infrared spectra and others. ICECAPS also launches radiosondes twice daily. This large suite of complementary observations are providing an important baseline understanding of cloud and atmospheric conditions over the central Greenland ice sheet and are supporting Arctic climate research on cloud processes and climate model validation. ICECAPS measures parameters that are associated with those identified in student misconceptions, for example, different types of atmospheric radiation, the effect of greenhouse gases, and climate versus weather (see also Haller et al., 2011). Thus, ICECAPS research and the AL@GL project combined to create a learning environment and educational activities that sought to increase climate literacy in high school students as well as communicate important atmospheric research to a broader audience.

Preface

USGS Publications Warehouse

Horton, J. Wright; Chapman, Martin C.; Green, Russell A.

2015-01-01

.”We thank the authors for their contributions and the many scientists and engineers who contributed time and expertise in reviewing manuscripts to substantially improve the quality of the volume. These reviewers include Gail Atkinson, Christopher Bailey, Richard Berquist, Kimberly Blisniuk, Paul Bodin, Aaron Bradshaw, Clive Collins, Ariel Conn, Randy Cox, Haitham Dawood, James Dewey, John Ebel, David Fenster, Alexander Gates, Kathleen Haller, Gregory Hancock, Robert Hatcher, William Henika, Paul Hsieh, Steven Jaumé, Jeffrey Kimball, Charles Langston, Jongwon Lee, Andrea Llenos, John McBride, Scott Olson, Michael Oskin, Brent Owens, Gilles Peltzer, Mark Quigley, Dhananjay Ravat, David Saftner, Arthur Snoke, Jamison Steidl, Kevin Stewart, Alice Stieve, Danielle Sumy, Ertugrul Taciroglu, Roy Van Arsdale, Mason Walters, Chiyuen Wang, Yang Wang, Richard Whittecar, Lorraine Wolf, Clint Wood, Liam Wotherspoon, and some anonymous reviewers.

A Direct Morphometric Comparison of Five Labeling Protocols for Multi-Atlas Driven Automatic Segmentation of the Hippocampus in Alzheimer’s Disease

PubMed Central

Nestor, Sean M.; Gibson, Erin; Gao, Fu-Qiang; Kiss, Alex; Black, Sandra E.

2012-01-01

Hippocampal volumetry derived from structural MRI is increasingly used to delineate regions of interest for functional measurements, assess efficacy in therapeutic trials of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and has been endorsed by the new AD diagnostic guidelines as a radiological marker of disease progression. Unfortunately, morphological heterogeneity in AD can prevent accurate demarcation of the hippocampus. Recent developments in automated volumetry commonly use multitemplate fusion driven by expert manual labels, enabling highly accurate and reproducible segmentation in disease and healthy subjects. However, there are several protocols to define the hippocampus anatomically in vivo, and the method used to generate atlases may impact automatic accuracy and sensitivity – particularly in pathologically heterogeneous samples. Here we report a fully automated segmentation technique that provides a robust platform to directly evaluate both technical and biomarker performance in AD among anatomically unique labeling protocols. For the first time we test head-to-head the performance of five common hippocampal labeling protocols for multi-atlas based segmentation, using both the Sunnybrook Longitudinal Dementia Study and the entire Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative 1 (ADNI-1) baseline and 24-month dataset. We based these atlas libraries on the protocols of (Haller et al., 1997; Killiany et al., 1993; Malykhin et al., 2007; Pantel et al., 2000; Pruessner et al., 2000), and a single operator performed all manual tracings to generate de facto “ground truth” labels. All methods distinguished between normal elders, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and AD in the expected directions, and showed comparable correlations with measures of episodic memory performance. Only more inclusive protocols distinguished between stable MCI and MCI-to-AD converters, and had slightly better associations with episodic memory. Moreover, we demonstrate that protocols including more

In situ soil moisture and matrix potential - what do we measure?

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jackisch, Conrad; Durner, Wolfgang

2017-04-01

poses quite some concern about deriving field parameters from lab measurements. We will present some insights from the comparison study and highlight the conceptual concerns arising from it. Through this we hope to stimulate a discussion towards more critical revision of measurement assumptions and towards the development of alternative techniques to monitor subsurface states. The sensor comparison study consortium is a cooperation of Wolfgang Durner2, Ines Andrä2, Kai Germer2, Katrin Schulz2, Marcus Schiedung2, Jaqueline Haller-Jans2, Jonas Schneider2, Julia Jaquemotte2, Philipp Helmer2, Leander Lotz2, Thomas Graeff3, Andreas Bauer3, Irene Hahn3, Conrad Jackisch1, Martin Sanda4, Monika Kumpan5, Johann Dorner5, Gerrit de Rooij6, Stephan Wessel-Bothe7, Lorenz Kottmann8, and Siegfried Schittenhelm8. The great support by the team and the Thünen Institute Braunschweig is gratefully acknowledged. 1 Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 2 Technical University of Braunschweig, 3 University of Potsdam, 4 Technical University of Prague, 5 Federal Department for Water Management Petzenkirchen, 6 Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research Halle, 7 ecoTech GmbH Bonn, 8 Julius Kühn Institute Braunschweig

Applicability of a Web-Based, Individualized Exercise Intervention in Patients With Liver Disease, Cystic Fibrosis, Esophageal Cancer, and Psychiatric Disorders: Process Evaluation of 4 Ongoing Clinical Trials.

PubMed

Pfirrmann, Daniel; Haller, Nils; Huber, Yvonne; Jung, Patrick; Lieb, Klaus; Gockel, Ines; Poplawska, Krystyna; Schattenberg, Jörn Markus; Simon, Perikles

2018-05-22

(P<.001) over time. A detailed view of the different studies shows a significant decrease in log-in rates and log-in durations in the HELP study (P=.004; P=.002) and iPEP study (P=.02; P=.001), whereas the EXDEP study (P=.58; P=.38) and COMMED study (P=.87; P=.56) showed no significant change over the 8-week intervention period. There was no significant change in physical activity within all studies (P=.31). Only in the HELP study, the physical activity level increased steadily over the period analyzed (P=.045). Overall, 17 participants (85%, 17/20) felt secure and were not scared of injury, with no major differences in the subtrials. The universal use of the Web-based intervention appears to be applicable across the heterogonous collectives of our study patients with regard to age and disease. Although the development of physical activity shows only moderate improvements, flexible communication and tailored support could be easily integrated into patients' daily routine. iPEP study: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02478996; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02478996 (Archived by WebCite at http://www.webcitation.org/6zL1UmHaW); HELP study: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02526732; http://www.webcitation.org/6zJjX7d6K (Archived by WebCite at http://www.webcitation.org/6Nch4ldcL); EXDEP study: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02874833; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02874833 (Archived by WebCite at http://www.webcitation.org/6zJjj7FuA). ©Daniel Pfirrmann, Nils Haller, Yvonne Huber, Patrick Jung, Klaus Lieb, Ines Gockel, Krystyna Poplawska, Jörn Markus Schattenberg, Perikles Simon. Originally published in JMIR Research Protocols (http://www.researchprotocols.org), 22.05.2018.

Publishing high-quality climate data on the semantic web

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Woolf, Andrew; Haller, Armin; Lefort, Laurent; Taylor, Kerry

2013-04-01

://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.websem.2012.05.003] [Lefort et. al., 2012] Laurent Lefort, Josh Bobruk, Armin Haller, Kerry Taylor and Andrew Woolf (2012), "A Linked Sensor Data Cube for a 100 Year Homogenised daily temperature dataset", Proc. Semantic Sensor Networks 2012 [http://ceur-ws.org/Vol-904/paper10.pdf] [W3C, 2012] W3C (2012), "The RDF Data Cube Vocabulary", [http://www.w3.org/TR/vocab-data-cube/

Pollen-inferred quantitative reconstructions of Holocene land-cover in NW Europe for the evaluation of past climate-vegetation feedbacks - The Swedish LANDCLIM project and the NordForsk LANDCLIM network

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gaillard, Marie-Jose; Sugita, Shinya; Rundgren, Mats; Smith, Benjamin; Mazier, Florence; Trondman, Anna-Kari; Fyfe, Ralph; Kokfelt, Ulla; Nielsen, Anne-Birgitte; Strandberg, Gustav

2010-05-01

of ca. 1o x 1o. The REVEALS estimates of the past cover of PFTs will be 1) compared with the outputs of the LPJ-GUESS (10 PFTs), a widely-used dynamic vegetation model and 2) used as an alternative to the LPJ-GUESS-simulated vegetation (3 PFTs) to run for the past the regional climate model RCA3 developed at the Rossby Centre, Norrköping, Sweden. The study will evaluate and further refine these models (RCA3 and LPJ-GUESS) using a data-model comparison approach that incorporates new syntheses of palaeoclimatic data as well. It will lead to new assessments of the possible effect of various factors on climate, such as deforestations and afforestations, and changes in vegetation composition and spatial patterns of land cover/land use. Refined climate models and empirical land-cover reconstructions will shed new light on controversial hypotheses of past climate change and human impacts, such as the "Ruddiman hypothesis". First maps of REVEALS estimates of plant functional types (PFTs) are now available for Sweden, Norway, Finland, Denmark, Estonia, Poland, Germany, The Czech Republic, Switzerland and Britain (see Mazier et al. C1.21 and Trondman et al. C1.22). Correlation tests show that the REVEALS estimates are robust in terms of ranking of the PFTs' abundance (see Mazier et al, C1.21). The LANDCLIM project and network are a contribution to the IGBP-PAGES-Focus 4 PHAROS programme on human impact on environmental changes in the past. The following LANDCLIM members are acknowledged for providing pollen records, for help with pollen databases, and for providing results to the project: Mihkel Kangur and Tiiu Koff (Univ. Tallinn, Tallinn); Erik Kjellström (SMHI, Norrköping), Anna Broström, Lena Barnekow and Thomas Persson (GeoBiosphere Science Centre, Lund University); Anneli Poska (Physical Geography and Ecosystems Analysis, Lund University); Thomas Giesecke (Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences, University of Göttingen), Anne Bjune and John Birks (Dept. of

Editorial: Focus on Atom Optics and its Applications

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Schmidt-Kaler, F.; Pfau, T.; Schmelcher, P.; Schleich, W.

2010-06-01

Couvert, B Georgeot and D Guéry-Odelin Analysis of the entanglement between two individual atoms using global Raman rotations A Gaëtan, C Evellin, J Wolters, P Grangier, T Wilk and A Browaeys Spin polarization transfer in ground and metastable helium atom collisions D Vrinceanu and H R Sadeghpour A fiber Fabry-Perot cavity with high finesse D Hunger, T Steinmetz, Y Colombe, C Deutsch, T W Hänsch and J Reichel Atomic wave packets in amplitude-modulated vertical optical lattices A Alberti, G Ferrari, V V Ivanov, M L Chiofalo and G M Tino Atom interferometry with trapped Bose-Einstein condensates: impact of atom-atom interactions Julian Grond, Ulrich Hohenester, Igor Mazets and Jörg Schmiedmayer Storage of protonated water clusters in a biplanar multipole rf trap C Greve, M Kröner, S Trippel, P Woias, R Wester and M Weidemüller Single-atom detection on a chip: from realization to application A Stibor, H Bender, S Kühnhold, J Fortágh, C Zimmermann and A Günther Ultracold atoms as a target: absolute scattering cross-section measurements P Würtz, T Gericke, A Vogler and H Ott Entanglement-assisted atomic clock beyond the projection noise limit Anne Louchet-Chauvet, Jürgen Appel, Jelmer J Renema, Daniel Oblak, Niels Kjaergaard and Eugene S Polzik Towards the realization of atom trap trace analysis for 39Ar J Welte, F Ritterbusch, I Steinke, M Henrich, W Aeschbach-Hertig and M K Oberthaler Resonant superfluidity in an optical lattice I Titvinidze, M Snoek and W Hofstetter Interference of interacting matter waves Mattias Gustavsson, Elmar Haller, Manfred J Mark, Johann G Danzl, Russell Hart, Andrew J Daley and Hanns-Christoph Nägerl Magnetic trapping of NH molecules with 20 s lifetimes E Tsikata, W C Campbell, M T Hummon, H-I Lu and J M Doyle Imprinting patterns of neutral atoms in an optical lattice using magnetic resonance techniques Michal Karski, Leonid Förster, Jai-Min Choi, Andreas Steffen, Noomen Belmechri, Wolfgang Alt, Dieter Meschede and Artur Widera

PREFACE: Cell-substrate interactions Cell-substrate interactions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gardel, Margaret; Schwarz, Ulrich

2010-05-01

not on the amount of ligand for adhesion receptors, but on its spatial distribution [1]. New protocols for the preparation of soft elastic substrates were essential to show that adhesion structures and cytoskeleton of adherent cells strongly adapt to substrate stiffness [2], with dramatic effects for cellular decision making. For example, it has been shown recently that differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells is strongly influenced by substrate stiffness [3]. Thus, physical factors appear to be equally important as biochemical ones in determining the cellular response to its substrate [4]. The introduction of novel physical techniques not only opened up completely new perspectives regarding biological function, it also introduced a new quantitative element into this field. For example, the availability of soft elastic substrates with controlled stiffness allows us to reconstruct cellular traction forces and to correlate them with other cellular features. This development enables modeling approaches to work in close contact with experimental data, thus opening up the perspective that the field of cell-substrate interactions will become a quantitative and predictive science in the future. Because physical research into cell-substrate interactions has become one of the fastest growing research areas in cellular biophysics and materials science, we believe that it is very timely that this special issue gathers some of the on-going research effort in this field. In contrast to the non-living world, cellular systems usually interact with their environment through specific adhesion, mainly based on adhesion receptors from the integrin family. During recent years, force spectroscopy has emerged as one of the main methods to study the physics of specific adhesion. In this special issue, single cell force spectroscopy is used by Boettiger and Wehrle-Haller to characterize the strength of cell-matrix adhesion and how it is modulated by the glycocalyx [5], while Chirasatitsin

Nanotechnology in paper electronics

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Demming, Anna; Österbacka, Professor Ronald; Han, Jin-Woo, Dr

2014-03-01

devices. If 'writing is thinking on paper' [15], it seems researchers are finding yet more powerful means of putting their ideas on paper. References [1] Barquinha P, Martins R, Pereira L and Fortunato E 2012 Transparent Oxide Electronics: From Materials to Devices (Chichester: Wiley) [2] Zocco A T, You H, Hagen J A and Steckl A J 2014 Pentacene organic thin film transistors on flexible paper and glass substrates Nanotechnology 25 094005 [3] Pereira L, Gaspar D, Guerin D, Delattre A, Fortunato E and Martins R 2014 The influence of fibril composition and dimension on the performance of paper gated oxide transistors Nanotechnology 25 094007 [4] Wu G, Wan C, Zhou J, Zhu L and Wan Q 2014 Low-voltage protonic/electronic hybrid indium-zinc-oxide synaptic transistors on paper substrates Nanotechnology 25 094001 [5] Shin H, Yoon B, Park I S and Kim J-M 2014 An electrothermochromic paper display based on colorimetrically reversible polydiacetylenes Nanotechnology 25 094011 [6] Ihalainen P, Pettersson F, Pesonen M, Viitala T, Määttänen A, Österbacka R and Peltonen J 2014 An impedimetric study of DNA hybridization on paper supported inkjet-printed gold electrodes Nanotechnology 25 094009 [7] Wang Y, Shi Y, Zhao C X, Wong J I, Sun X W and Yang H Y 2014 Printed all-solid flexible microsupercapacitors: towards the general route for high energy storage device Nanotechnology 25 094010 [8] Andersson H A, Manuilskiy A, Haller S, Hummelgård M, Sidén J, Hummelgård C, Olin H and Nilsson H-E 2014 Assembling surface mounted components on ink-jet printed double sided paper circuit board Nanotechnology 25 094002 [9] Gaspar D, Fernandes S N, de Oliveira A G, Fernandes J G, Grey P, Pontes R V, Pereira L, Martins R, Godinho M H and Fortunato E 2014 Nanocrystalline cellulose applied simultaneously as gate dielectric and substrate on flexible field effect transistors Nanotechnology 25 094008 [10] Männl U, van den Berg C, Magunje B, Härting M, Britton D T, Jones S, Mvan Staden M J and Scriba M

EDITORIAL: Focus on Cold and Ultracold Molecules FOCUS ON COLD AND ULTRACOLD MOLECULES

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Carr, Lincoln D.; Ye, Jun

2009-05-01

Robin Côté Single-photon molecular cooling Edvardas Narevicius, S Travis Bannerman and Mark G Raizen Quantum simulations of extended Hubbard models with dipolar crystals M Ortner, A Micheli, G Pupillo and P Zoller Collisional and molecular spectroscopy in an ultracold Bose-Bose mixture G Thalhammer, G Barontini, J Catani, F Rabatti, C Weber, A Simoni, F Minardi and M Inguscio Multi-channel modelling of the formation of vibrationally cold polar KRb molecules Svetlana Kotochigova, Eite Tiesinga and Paul S Julienne Formation of ultracold, highly polar X1Σ+ NaCs molecules C Haimberger, J Kleinert, P Zabawa, A Wakim and N P Bigelow Quantum polarization spectroscopy of correlations in attractive fermionic gases T Roscilde, M Rodríguez, K Eckert, O Romero-Isart, M Lewenstein, E Polzik and A Sanpera Inelastic semiclassical collisions in cold dipolar gases Michael Cavagnero and Catherine Newell Quasi-universal dipolar scattering in cold and ultracold gases J L Bohn, M Cavagnero and C Ticknor Stark deceleration of lithium hydride molecules S K Tokunaga, J M Dyne, E A Hinds and M R Tarbutt Molecular vibrational cooling by optical pumping with shaped femtosecond pulses D Sofikitis, S Weber, A Fioretti, R Horchani, M Allegrini, B Chatel, D Comparat and P Pillet Deeply bound ultracold molecules in an optical lattice Johann G Danzl, Manfred J Mark, Elmar Haller, Mattias Gustavsson, Russell Hart, Andreas Liem, Holger Zellmer and Hanns-Christoph Nägerl Toward the production of quantum degenerate bosonic polar molecules, 41K87Rb K Aikawa, D Akamatsu, J Kobayashi, M Ueda, T Kishimoto and S Inouye Influence of a Feshbach resonance on the photoassociation of LiCs J Deiglmayr, P Pellegrini, A Grochola, M Repp, R Côté, O Dulieu, R Wester and M Weidemüller The kinematic cooling of molecules with laser-cooled atoms Ken Takase, Larry A Rahn, David W Chandler and Kevin E Strecker Coherent collapses of dipolar Bose-Einstein condensates for different trap geometries J Metz, T Lahaye, B Fr