Sample records for halon fire extinguishing

  1. 46 CFR 147.65 - Carbon dioxide and halon fire extinguishing systems.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 5 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Carbon dioxide and halon fire extinguishing systems. 147... dioxide and halon fire extinguishing systems. (a) Carbon dioxide or halon cylinders forming part of a...) Carbon dioxide or halon cylinders must be rejected for further service when they— (1) Leak; (2) Are...

  2. 46 CFR 147.65 - Carbon dioxide and halon fire extinguishing systems.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 5 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Carbon dioxide and halon fire extinguishing systems. 147... dioxide and halon fire extinguishing systems. (a) Carbon dioxide or halon cylinders forming part of a...) Carbon dioxide or halon cylinders must be rejected for further service when they— (1) Leak; (2) Are...

  3. 46 CFR 147.65 - Carbon dioxide and halon fire extinguishing systems.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 5 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Carbon dioxide and halon fire extinguishing systems. 147.65 Section 147.65 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) DANGEROUS CARGOES HAZARDOUS SHIPS' STORES Stowage and Other Special Requirements for Particular Materials § 147.65 Carbon dioxide and halon fire extinguishing...

  4. 46 CFR 147.65 - Carbon dioxide and halon fire extinguishing systems.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 5 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Carbon dioxide and halon fire extinguishing systems. 147.65 Section 147.65 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) DANGEROUS CARGOES HAZARDOUS SHIPS' STORES Stowage and Other Special Requirements for Particular Materials § 147.65 Carbon dioxide and halon fire extinguishing...

  5. 46 CFR 147.65 - Carbon dioxide and halon fire extinguishing systems.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 5 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Carbon dioxide and halon fire extinguishing systems. 147.65 Section 147.65 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) DANGEROUS CARGOES HAZARDOUS SHIPS' STORES Stowage and Other Special Requirements for Particular Materials § 147.65 Carbon dioxide and halon fire extinguishing...

  6. 76 FR 31798 - Airworthiness Directives; L'Hotellier Portable Halon 1211 Fire Extinguishers

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-06-02

    ... Airworthiness Directives; L'Hotellier Portable Halon 1211 Fire Extinguishers AGENCY: Federal Aviation... directive (AD) for the specified fire extinguishers. This action requires replacing each unairworthy portable fire extinguisher with an airworthy portable fire extinguisher. This amendment is prompted by an...

  7. 75 FR 221 - Airworthiness Directives; Fire Fighting Enterprises Limited Portable Halon 1211 Fire...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-01-05

    ... Airworthiness Directives; Fire Fighting Enterprises Limited Portable Halon 1211 Fire Extinguishers as Installed... specification, have been supplied to the aviation industry for use in fire extinguishing equipment. * * * * * * * * * * * This Halon 1211 has subsequently been used to fill certain FFE [Fire Fighting Enterprises] portable...

  8. Development of a minimum performance standard for hand-held fire extinguishers as a replacement for Halon 1211 on civilian transport category aircraft

    DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

    2002-08-01

    One or more Halon 1211 hand-held fire extinguishers are specified in Federal Aviation Regulation (FAR) Part 25.851 as a requirement on transport category aircraft with 31 or more seats. Halon 1211 has been linked to the destruction of the ozone layer...

  9. Test results: Halon 1301 versus water sprinkler fire protection for essential electronic equipment

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Reichelt, E. F.; Walker, J. L.; Vickers, R. N.; Kwan, A. J.

    1982-07-01

    This report describes results of testing two contending extinguishants, Halon 1301 and water, for fire protection of essential electronic equipment. A series of controlled fires in a facility housing an operational electronic data processing system sought to establish immediate and long term effects of exposure of sensitive electronic equipment and stored data to fire extinguishment atmospheres. Test results lead to the conclusion that Halon 1301 is superior to water as an extinguishant for fires occurring in essential electronic equipment installations.

  10. Development of a Minimum Performance Standard for Hand-Held Fire Extinguishers as a Replacement for Halon 1211 on Civilian Transport Category Aircraft

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Webster, Harry

    2002-08-01

    One or more Halon 1211 hand-held fire extinguishers are specified in Federal Aviation Regulation (FAR) Part 25.851 as a requirement on transport category aircraft with 31 or more seats. Halon 1211 has been linked to the destruction of the ozone layer and production of new Halon 1211 has been halted per the Montreal Protocol in 1993. The phase out of Halon 1211, as the hand-held firefighting agent of choice, for civilian transport category aircraft has necessitated the development of a Minimum Performance Standard (MPS) to evaluate replacement agents. The purpose of the MPS is to insure that there is no reduction in safety, both in terms of effectiveness in fighting onboard fires and toxicity to the passengers and crew. The MPS specifies two new tests that replacement agents must pass in addition to requiring national certifications such as provided by Underwriters Laboratories. The first test evaluates the "flooding" characteristics of the agent against a hidden in-flight fire. This test determines the ability of a streaming agent to function as a flooding agent. The second test evaluates the performance of the agent in fighting a terrorist fire scenario and the associated toxicity hazard. This test measures the agent's ability to extinguish a triple-seat fire in an aircraft cabin under in-flight conditions and the toxicity characteristics of both the neat agent and the products of decomposition. This MPS will insure that the replacement agents will meet or exceed the performance of Halon 1211 both in fighting fires and maintaining a safe breathing environment in aircraft cabins.

  11. Fine-Water-Mist Multiple-Orientation-Discharge Fire Extinguisher

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Butz, James R.; Turchi, Craig S.; Kimball, Amanda; McKinnon, Thomas; Riedel, Edward

    2010-01-01

    A fine-water-mist fire-suppression device has been designed so that it can be discharged uniformly in any orientation via a high-pressure gas propellant. Standard fire extinguishers used while slightly tilted or on their side will not discharge all of their contents. Thanks to the new design, this extinguisher can be used in multiple environments such as aboard low-gravity spacecraft, airplanes, and aboard vehicles that may become overturned prior to or during a fire emergency. Research in recent years has shown that fine water mist can be an effective alternative to Halons now banned from manufacture. Currently, NASA uses carbon dioxide for fire suppression on the International Space Station (ISS) and Halon chemical extinguishers on the space shuttle. While each of these agents is effective, they have drawbacks. The toxicity of carbon dioxide requires that the crew don breathing apparatus when the extinguishers are deployed on the ISS, and Halon use in future spacecraft has been eliminated because of international protocols on substances that destroy atmospheric ozone. A major advantage to the new system on occupied spacecraft is that the discharged system is locally rechargeable. Since the only fluids used are water and nitrogen, the system can be recharged from stores of both carried aboard the ISS or spacecraft. The only support requirement would be a pump to fill the water and a compressor to pressurize the nitrogen propellant gas. This system uses a gaseous agent to pressurize the storage container as well as to assist in the generation of the fine water mist. The portable fire extinguisher hardware works like a standard fire extinguisher with a single storage container for the agents (water and nitrogen), a control valve assembly for manual actuation, and a discharge nozzle. The design implemented in the proof-of-concept experiment successfully extinguished both open fires and fires in baffled enclosures.

  12. Halon Gas and Library Fire Protection.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Pacey, Antony

    1991-01-01

    Describes the operation of halon gas fire extinguishing systems, which have been installed in a number of libraries and archives across Canada where protection of special collections from water and mold damage resulting from operation of a standard water sprinkler system is paramount. The advantages and disadvantages of this type of system are…

  13. Study of Hand-Held Fire Extinguishers Aboard Civil Aviation Aircraft.

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1982-06-01

    or combustion products of the polymers used in aircraft construction have been found to include carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO ), hydrogen...toxicity rating, and ease of cleanup. The extinguishing agents used in this country for hand portable fire extinguishers are Carbon Dioxide, water, Halon...point where combustion stops." " Carbon dioxide fire extinguishing systems are useful within the limits of this standard in extinguishing fires in

  14. Fire extinguishing agents for oxygen-enriched atmospheres

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Plugge, M. A.; Wilson, C. W.; Zallen, D. M.; Walker, J. L.

    1985-12-01

    Fire-suppression agent requirements for extinguishing fires in oxygen-enriched atmospheres were determined employing small-, medium-, large-, and full-scale test apparatuses. The small- and medium-scale tests showed that a doubling of the oxygen concentration required five times more HALON for extinguishment. For fires of similar size and intensity, the effect of oxygen enrichment of the diluent volume in the HC-131A was not as grate as in the smaller compartments of the B-52 which presented a higher damage scenario. The full-scale tests showed that damage to the airframe was as important a factor in extinguishment as oxygen enrichment.

  15. 46 CFR 132.350 - Tests and inspections of fire-extinguishing equipment.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... and halon portable fire extinguishers must be refilled when the weight loss of net content exceeds... weight loss exceeds 10% of weight of charge. Test time delays, alarms, and ventilation shutdowns with.... Inspect hoses and nozzles to be sure they are clean. Halon Weigh cylinders. Recharge if weight loss...

  16. 46 CFR 132.350 - Tests and inspections of fire-extinguishing equipment.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... and halon portable fire extinguishers must be refilled when the weight loss of net content exceeds... weight loss exceeds 10% of weight of charge. Test time delays, alarms, and ventilation shutdowns with.... Inspect hoses and nozzles to be sure they are clean. Halon Weigh cylinders. Recharge if weight loss...

  17. Environmentally Safer, Less Toxic Fire-Extinguishing Agents

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Parrish, Clyde F.

    2003-01-01

    Fire-extinguishing agents comprising microscopic drops of water microencapsulated in flame-retardant polymers have been proposed as effective, less toxic, non-ozone-depleting, non-globalwarming alternatives to prior fire-extinguishing agents. Among the prior fire-extinguishing agents are halons (various halocarbon fluids), which are toxic and contribute both to depletion of upperatmospheric ozone and to global warming. Other prior fire-extinguishing agents are less toxic and less environmentally harmful but, in comparison with halons, are significantly less effective in extinguishing fires. The proposal to formulate new waterbased agents is based on recent success in the use of water mist as a fire-suppression agent. Water suppresses a flame by reducing the flame temperature and the concentration of oxygen available for the combustion process. The temperature is reduced because the water droplets in the mist absorb latent heat of vaporization as they evaporate. The concentration of oxygen is reduced because the newly generated water vapor displaces air. Unfortunately, water mists are difficult to produce in confined spaces and can evaporate before they reach the bases of flames. The proposal addresses both of these issues: The proposed fire-extinguishing agents would be manufactured in microencapsulated form in advance, eliminating the problem of generating mists in confined spaces. Because of the microencapsulation, the droplets would not evaporate until exposed directly to the heat of flames. In addition, the proposal calls for the introduction of free radicals that would inhibit the propagation of the chemical reactions of the combustion reactions. Manufacturing of a fire-extinguishing agent according to the proposal would begin with the formulation of a suitable polymer (e.g., a polybromostyrene) that would contribute free radicals to the combustion process. The polymer would be dissolved in a suitable hydrocarbon liquid (e.g., toluene). Water would be

  18. The development and evaluation of water-mist fire extinguishing systems

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Beason, D. G.; Staggs, K. J.

    1994-08-01

    Fire protection for underfloor space is primarily provided by Halon 1301 which has proven to be very effective. However, due to the link between halons and the possible depletion of the stratospheric ozone layer, plans have been implemented to eventually phase out Halon 1301 and 1211. In September 1987 the Montreal Protocol concerning chlorofluorocarbons (CFC) and halons was signed by the United States, the European Economic Community, and 23 other nations. The Montreal Protocol calls for freezing halon production at 1986 levels. Because the majority of underfloor fire protection at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), as well as other Department of Energy (DOE) sites, is either Halon 1301 or sprinklers, some other means of suppression will have to be developed and verified. The potential loss to facilities housing computer or control rooms damaged by underfloor fires can be extreme. These losses would not only include hardware and software replacement costs, but also lost computing and control capability. Here at LLNL technical research in a facility could be severely affected. Recent studies conducted by the Fire Research Discipline of the Special Projects Division have shown that severe fires fueled by cable insulation can develop within as little as a 6-in-high underfloor space (even with mechanical ventilation shut off). Studies also show that conventional sprinklers may not be effective in preventing this destruction. Therefore, we are investigating the water-mist fire extinguishing system as an alternative to Halon 1301 and sprinklers.

  19. Fire extinguishment and inhibition in spacecraft environments

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Deris, John

    1987-01-01

    It was concluded that it is essential that NASA develop a comprehensive approach to fire extinguishment and inerting in spacecraft environments. Electronic equipment might be easily protected through use of an onboard inert gas generating system. The use of Halon 1301 presents serious technological challenges for agent cleanup and removal of the toxic and corrosive products of combustion. Nitrogen pressurization, while effective, probably presents a serious weight penality. The use of liquid water sprays appears to be the most effective approach to general purpose spacecraft fire protection.

  20. Acoustic Emission Test for Aircraft Halon 1301 Fire Extinguisher Bottles

    DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

    1998-04-01

    An acoustic emission test for aircraft Halon 1301 bottles has been developed, a prototype acoustic emission test system constructed, and over 200 used bottles tested at the repair facilities of the two manufacturers of these bottles. The system monit...

  1. 14 CFR 29.851 - Fire extinguishers.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Fire extinguishers. 29.851 Section 29.851... STANDARDS: TRANSPORT CATEGORY ROTORCRAFT Design and Construction Fire Protection § 29.851 Fire extinguishers. (a) Hand fire extinguishers. For hand fire extinguishers the following apply: (1) Each hand fire...

  2. 46 CFR 107.235 - Servicing of hand portable fire extinguishers, semi-portable fire extinguishers and fixed fire...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 4 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Servicing of hand portable fire extinguishers, semi-portable fire extinguishers and fixed fire extinguishing systems. 107.235 Section 107.235 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) A-MOBILE OFFSHORE DRILLING UNITS INSPECTION AND...

  3. 46 CFR 107.235 - Servicing of hand portable fire extinguishers, semi-portable fire extinguishers and fixed fire...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 4 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Servicing of hand portable fire extinguishers, semi-portable fire extinguishers and fixed fire-extinguishing systems. 107.235 Section 107.235 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) A-MOBILE OFFSHORE DRILLING UNITS INSPECTION AND...

  4. 46 CFR 107.235 - Servicing of hand portable fire extinguishers, semi-portable fire extinguishers and fixed fire...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Servicing of hand portable fire extinguishers, semi-portable fire extinguishers and fixed fire-extinguishing systems. 107.235 Section 107.235 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) A-MOBILE OFFSHORE DRILLING UNITS INSPECTION AND...

  5. 46 CFR 107.235 - Servicing of hand portable fire extinguishers, semi-portable fire extinguishers and fixed fire...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 4 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Servicing of hand portable fire extinguishers, semi-portable fire extinguishers and fixed fire extinguishing systems. 107.235 Section 107.235 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) A-MOBILE OFFSHORE DRILLING UNITS INSPECTION AND...

  6. 46 CFR 107.235 - Servicing of hand portable fire extinguishers, semi-portable fire extinguishers and fixed fire...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 4 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Servicing of hand portable fire extinguishers, semi-portable fire extinguishers and fixed fire extinguishing systems. 107.235 Section 107.235 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) A-MOBILE OFFSHORE DRILLING UNITS INSPECTION AND...

  7. Fire suppression in human-crew spacecraft

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Friedman, Robert; Dietrich, Daniel L.

    1991-01-01

    Fire extinguishment agents range from water and foam in early-design spacecraft (Halon 1301 in the present Shuttle) to carbon dioxide proposed for the Space Station Freedom. The major challenge to spacecraft fire extinguishment design and operations is from the micro-gravity environment, which minimizes natural convection and profoundly influences combustion and extinguishing agent effectiveness, dispersal, and post-fire cleanup. Discussed here are extinguishment in microgravity, fire-suppression problems anticipated in future spacecraft, and research needs and opportunities.

  8. 14 CFR 25.851 - Fire extinguishers.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Fire extinguishers. 25.851 Section 25.851... STANDARDS: TRANSPORT CATEGORY AIRPLANES Design and Construction Fire Protection § 25.851 Fire extinguishers. (a) Hand fire extinguishers. (1) The following minimum number of hand fire extinguishers must be...

  9. 14 CFR 23.851 - Fire extinguishers.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Fire extinguishers. 23.851 Section 23.851... STANDARDS: NORMAL, UTILITY, ACROBATIC, AND COMMUTER CATEGORY AIRPLANES Design and Construction Fire Protection § 23.851 Fire extinguishers. (a) There must be at least one hand fire extinguisher for use in the...

  10. 49 CFR 173.309 - Fire extinguishers.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 49 Transportation 2 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Fire extinguishers. 173.309 Section 173.309... SHIPMENTS AND PACKAGINGS Gases; Preparation and Packaging § 173.309 Fire extinguishers. (a) Fire... § 174.24 or to part 177 of this subchapter except § 177.817. (1) Each fire extinguisher must have...

  11. 14 CFR 29.1197 - Fire extinguishing agents.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Fire extinguishing agents. 29.1197 Section... AIRWORTHINESS STANDARDS: TRANSPORT CATEGORY ROTORCRAFT Powerplant Powerplant Fire Protection § 29.1197 Fire extinguishing agents. (a) Fire extinguishing agents must— (1) Be capable of extinguishing flames emanating from...

  12. EXTINGUISHMENT OF ALKALI METAL FIRES

    DTIC Science & Technology

    low O2 partial pressures on alkali metal fires Extinguishment of alkali metal fires using in organic salt mixtures Extinguishment of alkali metal ... fires using inorganic salt foams Alkali metal jet stream ignition at various pressure conditions Bibliography

  13. EXTINGUISHMENT OF ALKALI METAL FIRES

    DTIC Science & Technology

    Contents: Effect of inert gas nket and ow O2 partial pressures on alkali metal fires Extinguishment of small scale fires Extinguishment of alkali... metal fires using inorganic salt foam Alkali metal jet stream ignition at various pressure conditions

  14. 14 CFR 29.1195 - Fire extinguishing systems.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Fire extinguishing systems. 29.1195 Section... AIRWORTHINESS STANDARDS: TRANSPORT CATEGORY ROTORCRAFT Powerplant Powerplant Fire Protection § 29.1195 Fire... inches must have a fire extinguishing system for the designated fire zones. The fire extinguishing system...

  15. 49 CFR 173.309 - Fire extinguishers.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... 49 Transportation 2 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Fire extinguishers. 173.309 Section 173.309... SHIPMENTS AND PACKAGINGS Gases; Preparation and Packaging § 173.309 Fire extinguishers. (a) Specification 3A... 178.61 of this subchapter) cylinders are authorized for manufacture and use as fire extinguishers...

  16. 49 CFR 173.309 - Fire extinguishers.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... 49 Transportation 2 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Fire extinguishers. 173.309 Section 173.309... SHIPMENTS AND PACKAGINGS Gases; Preparation and Packaging § 173.309 Fire extinguishers. (a) Specification 3A... 178.61 of this subchapter) cylinders are authorized for manufacture and use as fire extinguishers...

  17. 30 CFR 36.31 - Fire extinguisher.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Fire extinguisher. 36.31 Section 36.31 Mineral... Construction and Design Requirements § 36.31 Fire extinguisher. Each unit of mobile diesel-powered transportation equipment shall be fitted with a fire extinguisher carried in a location easily accessible to the...

  18. 14 CFR 23.1195 - Fire extinguishing systems.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Fire extinguishing systems. 23.1195 Section... AIRWORTHINESS STANDARDS: NORMAL, UTILITY, ACROBATIC, AND COMMUTER CATEGORY AIRPLANES Powerplant Powerplant Fire Protection § 23.1195 Fire extinguishing systems. (a) For commuter category airplanes, fire extinguishing...

  19. Aviation Engine Test Facilities (AETF) fire protection study

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Beller, R. C.; Burns, R. E.; Leonard, J. T.

    1989-07-01

    An analysis is presented to the effectiveness of various types of fire fighting agents in extinguishing the kinds of fires anticipated in Aviation Engine Test Facilities (AETF), otherwise known as Hush Houses. The agents considered include Aqueous Film-Forming Foam, Halon 1301, Halon 1211 and water. Previous test work has shown the rapidity with which aircraft, especially high performance aircraft, can be damaged by fire. Based on this, tentative criteria for this evaluation included a maximum time of 20 s from fire detection to extinguishment and a period of 30 min in which the agent would prevent reignition. Other issues examined included: toxicity, corrosivity, ease of personnel egress, system reliability, and cost effectiveness. The agents were evaluated for their performance in several fire scenarios, including: under frame fire, major engine fire, engine disintegration fire, high-volume pool fire with simultaneous spill fire, internal electrical fire, and runaway engine fire.

  20. 14 CFR 23.1201 - Fire extinguishing systems materials.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 1 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Fire extinguishing systems materials. 23... Powerplant Powerplant Fire Protection § 23.1201 Fire extinguishing systems materials. Link to an amendment... material in any fire extinguishing system may react chemically with any extinguishing agent so as to create...

  1. 14 CFR 29.1201 - Fire extinguishing system materials.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Fire extinguishing system materials. 29... TRANSPORTATION AIRCRAFT AIRWORTHINESS STANDARDS: TRANSPORT CATEGORY ROTORCRAFT Powerplant Powerplant Fire Protection § 29.1201 Fire extinguishing system materials. (a) No materials in any fire extinguishing system...

  2. 14 CFR 23.1201 - Fire extinguishing systems materials.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Fire extinguishing systems materials. 23... Powerplant Powerplant Fire Protection § 23.1201 Fire extinguishing systems materials. For commuter category airplanes, the following apply: (a) No material in any fire extinguishing system may react chemically with...

  3. Extinguishing Agent for Magnesium Fire: Phases 5 and 6.

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1987-07-01

    This report documents the validation testing of the extinguishing system for metal fires developed as part of Phases I-IV. The results of this...system represented a reliable metal fire extinguishing system that could control and extinguish very large metal fires . The specifications developed for...the agent and for the delivery system are discussed in detail. Keywords: Fire suppression, Metal fires , Fire extinguishers.

  4. Fire Extinguisher Designated Worker and Fire Watch: Self-Study Course 15672

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Harris, Jimmy D.

    At Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), all workers must be aware of LANL fire protection policies and be trained on what to do in the event of a fire. This course, Fire Extinguisher Training for Fire Watch and Designated Workers (#9893), provides awareness-level and hands-on training for fire watch personnel and designated workers. Fire watch personnel and designated workers are appointed by line management and must receive both awareness-level training and hands-on training in the use of portable fire extinguishers to extinguish an incipient-stage fire. This training meets the requirements of the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Code ofmore » Federal Regulations (CFR) 29 CFR 1910.157, Portable Fire Extinguishers, and Procedure (P) 101-26, Welding, Cutting, and Other Spark-/Flame-Producing Operations.« less

  5. Fire Extinguisher Training for Fire Watch and Designated Workers, Course 9893

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Harris, Jimmy D.

    At Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), all workers must be aware of LANL fire protection policies and be trained on what to do in the event of a fire. This course, Fire Extinguisher Training for Fire Watch and Designated Workers (#9893), provides awareness-level and hands-on training for fire watch personnel and designated workers. Fire watch personnel and designated workers are appointed by line management and must receive both awareness-level training and hands-on training in the use of portable fire extinguishers to extinguish an incipient-stage fire. This training meets the requirements of the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Code ofmore » Federal Regulations (CFR) 29 CFR 1910.157, Portable Fire Extinguishers, and Procedure (P) 101-26, Welding, Cutting, and Other Spark-/Flame-Producing Operations.« less

  6. 46 CFR 2.75-25 - Portable fire extinguishers.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 1 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Portable fire extinguishers. 2.75-25 Section 2.75-25... Personnel § 2.75-25 Portable fire extinguishers. (a) The portable fire extinguishers listed and labeled as..., inclusive. (b) The procedures for manufacturers to follow and the requirements governing portable fire...

  7. New Agents for the Extinguishment of Magnesium Fires.

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1978-04-01

    34 23 July 1942. German Patent 724,795. 8. Beythien, R., Wienhaus, H., and von Zehman, H., "Extinguish- ing Magnesium and Other Light Metal Fires ," 12...34Trimethoxyboroxine--An Extinguishing Agent for Metal Fires ," ACS Advances in Chemistry, No. 23, American Chemical Society, Washington, D.C. pp 158...13. Miyashima, Z., "Fire Extinguishing Agent," 7 October 1958. Japanese Patent 8,946. 14. Jenkner, H., "Extinguishing Metal Fires ," 12 September

  8. 14 CFR 29.1201 - Fire extinguishing system materials.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 1 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Fire extinguishing system materials. 29.1201 Section 29.1201 Aeronautics and Space FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF... Protection § 29.1201 Fire extinguishing system materials. (a) No materials in any fire extinguishing system...

  9. 14 CFR 29.1201 - Fire extinguishing system materials.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 1 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Fire extinguishing system materials. 29.1201 Section 29.1201 Aeronautics and Space FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF... Protection § 29.1201 Fire extinguishing system materials. (a) No materials in any fire extinguishing system...

  10. 14 CFR 25.1201 - Fire extinguishing system materials.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 1 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Fire extinguishing system materials. 25.1201 Section 25.1201 Aeronautics and Space FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF... Protection § 25.1201 Fire extinguishing system materials. (a) No material in any fire extinguishing system...

  11. 14 CFR 25.1201 - Fire extinguishing system materials.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Fire extinguishing system materials. 25.1201 Section 25.1201 Aeronautics and Space FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF... Protection § 25.1201 Fire extinguishing system materials. (a) No material in any fire extinguishing system...

  12. 14 CFR 25.1201 - Fire extinguishing system materials.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 1 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Fire extinguishing system materials. 25.1201 Section 25.1201 Aeronautics and Space FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF... Protection § 25.1201 Fire extinguishing system materials. (a) No material in any fire extinguishing system...

  13. 14 CFR 29.1201 - Fire extinguishing system materials.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 1 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Fire extinguishing system materials. 29.1201 Section 29.1201 Aeronautics and Space FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF... Protection § 29.1201 Fire extinguishing system materials. (a) No materials in any fire extinguishing system...

  14. 14 CFR 25.1201 - Fire extinguishing system materials.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 1 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Fire extinguishing system materials. 25.1201 Section 25.1201 Aeronautics and Space FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF... Protection § 25.1201 Fire extinguishing system materials. (a) No material in any fire extinguishing system...

  15. 14 CFR 29.1201 - Fire extinguishing system materials.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 1 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Fire extinguishing system materials. 29.1201 Section 29.1201 Aeronautics and Space FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF... Protection § 29.1201 Fire extinguishing system materials. (a) No materials in any fire extinguishing system...

  16. 14 CFR 25.1201 - Fire extinguishing system materials.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 1 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Fire extinguishing system materials. 25.1201 Section 25.1201 Aeronautics and Space FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF... Protection § 25.1201 Fire extinguishing system materials. (a) No material in any fire extinguishing system...

  17. F-200(TM): The new solution for fire protection

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Thornton, Alfred J.; Walter, Gerald J.

    1995-01-01

    For more than two decades, halon 1301 has been protecting personnel and valuable aircraft and aerospace equipment from the hazards of fire. Only halon 1301 offered the advantages of being clean, odorless, colorless, electrically non-conductive and safe for occupied areas. However, concerns about the depletion of stratospheric ozone and the resulting Montreal Protocol mandated the production phase-out of halon 1301 on December 31, 1993. Prior to this phase-out, Great Lakes Chemical Corporation, the world's leading manufacturer of halon, directed substantial research efforts toward the rapid development of a safe, clean, and effective halon replacement. Some of the criteria for the development of a clean agent included: that it be an effective fire extinguisher; that it be safe for personnel; that it be safe for the environment; that it be safe for valuable assets; that it be cost effective; and that it be able to withstand the rigors of independent approvals. As the result of this research, Great Lakes developed FM-200(TM) is 1, 1, 1, 2, 3, 3, 3-hepta-fluoropropane. This paper discusses the physical properties of FM-200(TM) and its efficiency as an extinguishant.

  18. 46 CFR 108.403 - Fire extinguishing systems: General.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Fire extinguishing systems: General. 108.403 Section 108.403 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) A-MOBILE OFFSHORE DRILLING UNITS DESIGN AND EQUIPMENT Fire Extinguishing Systems § 108.403 Fire extinguishing systems: General. (a) Each...

  19. 46 CFR 108.403 - Fire extinguishing systems: General.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 4 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Fire extinguishing systems: General. 108.403 Section 108.403 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) A-MOBILE OFFSHORE DRILLING UNITS DESIGN AND EQUIPMENT Fire Extinguishing Systems § 108.403 Fire extinguishing systems: General. (a) Each...

  20. 46 CFR 108.403 - Fire extinguishing systems: General.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 4 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Fire extinguishing systems: General. 108.403 Section 108.403 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) A-MOBILE OFFSHORE DRILLING UNITS DESIGN AND EQUIPMENT Fire Extinguishing Systems § 108.403 Fire extinguishing systems: General. (a) Each...

  1. 46 CFR 108.403 - Fire extinguishing systems: General.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 4 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Fire extinguishing systems: General. 108.403 Section 108.403 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) A-MOBILE OFFSHORE DRILLING UNITS DESIGN AND EQUIPMENT Fire Extinguishing Systems § 108.403 Fire extinguishing systems: General. (a) Each...

  2. 46 CFR 108.403 - Fire extinguishing systems: General.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 4 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Fire extinguishing systems: General. 108.403 Section 108.403 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) A-MOBILE OFFSHORE DRILLING UNITS DESIGN AND EQUIPMENT Fire Extinguishing Systems § 108.403 Fire extinguishing systems: General. (a) Each...

  3. 14 CFR 23.1197 - Fire extinguishing agents.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... materials in the area protected by the fire extinguishing system; and (2) Have thermal stability over the... exist in the extinguishing system. This must be shown by test except for built-in carbon dioxide fuselage compartment fire extinguishing systems for which— (1) Five pounds or less of carbon dioxide will...

  4. Fire extinguishment in oxygen enriched atmospheres

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Robertson, A. F.; Rappaport, M. W.

    1973-01-01

    Current state-of-the-art of fire suppression and extinguishment techniques in oxygen enriched atmosphere is reviewed. Four classes of extinguishment action are considered: cooling, separation of reactants, dilution or removal of fuel, and use of chemically reactive agents. Current practice seems to show preference for very fast acting water spray applications to all interior surfaces of earth-based chambers. In space, reliance has been placed on fire prevention methods through the removal of ignition sources and use of nonflammable materials. Recommendations are made for further work related to fire suppression and extinguishment in oxygen enriched atmospheres, and an extensive bibliography is appended.

  5. Lab Fire Extinguishers: Here Today, Gone Tomorrow?

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Roy, Ken

    2010-01-01

    When renovations or new construction occur, fire extinguishers sometimes get lost in the mix. Unfortunately, whether to save money or because the fire code is misinterpreted, some schools do not install fire extinguishers in laboratories and other areas of the building. Let's set the record straight! If flammables are present, the fire code…

  6. 46 CFR 71.25-20 - Fire-detecting and extinguishing equipment.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 3 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Fire-detecting and extinguishing equipment. 71.25-20... INSPECTION AND CERTIFICATION Annual Inspection § 71.25-20 Fire-detecting and extinguishing equipment. (a) At... detecting and extinguishing equipment: (1) All hand portable fire extinguishers and semiportable fire...

  7. 14 CFR 23.1197 - Fire extinguishing agents.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Fire extinguishing agents. 23.1197 Section... test except for built-in carbon dioxide fuselage compartment fire extinguishing systems for which— (1) Five pounds or less of carbon dioxide will be discharged, under established fire control procedures...

  8. 14 CFR 25.1197 - Fire extinguishing agents.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Fire extinguishing agents. 25.1197 Section... test except for built-in carbon dioxide fuselage compartment fire extinguishing systems for which— (1) Five pounds or less of carbon dioxide will be discharged, under established fire control procedures...

  9. 46 CFR 78.47-17 - Fire extinguishing system controls.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 3 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Fire extinguishing system controls. 78.47-17 Section 78... Markings for Fire and Emergency Equipment, Etc. § 78.47-17 Fire extinguishing system controls. (a) The control cabinets or spaces containing valves or manifolds for the various fire extinguishing systems shall...

  10. 46 CFR 78.47-17 - Fire extinguishing system controls.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 3 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Fire extinguishing system controls. 78.47-17 Section 78... Markings for Fire and Emergency Equipment, Etc. § 78.47-17 Fire extinguishing system controls. (a) The control cabinets or spaces containing valves or manifolds for the various fire extinguishing systems shall...

  11. Powder Extinguishants for Jet-Fuel Fires

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Altman, R. L.; Mayer, L. A.; Ling, A. C.

    1986-01-01

    Mixtures of alkali metal dawsonite and metal halide show superior performance. In tests of new dry powder fire extinguishants, mixtures of potassium dawsonite with either stannous iodide or potassium iodide found effective for extinguishing jet-fuel fires on hot metal surfaces (up to 900 degrees C). Mixtures performed more effectively than either compound alone.

  12. NASA Issues Related to use of Halon: Past, Present, Future

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Collins, Michelle M.

    1999-01-01

    NASA began an official halon phaseout program in 1990. NASA has led the way in halon bank management and has participated in the search for halon alternatives. NASA representatives participate in technical committees of the National Fire Protection Association and United Nations Environment Program providing guidance on Halon Phaseout and acceptance, design, installation, and maintenance of Halon Alternatives. This paper addresses some of the key issues that are leading the agency away from dependence on halons for fire protection.

  13. 14 CFR 23.1201 - Fire extinguishing systems materials.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 1 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Fire extinguishing systems materials. 23.1201 Section 23.1201 Aeronautics and Space FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF... Powerplant Powerplant Fire Protection § 23.1201 Fire extinguishing systems materials. For commuter category...

  14. 14 CFR 23.1195 - Fire extinguishing systems.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ..., and the discharge distribution must be adequate to extinguish fires. An individual “one shot” system... to extinguish fires. An individual “one shot” system may be used, except for engine(s) embedded in the fuselage, where a “two shot” system is required. ...

  15. 14 CFR 125.163 - Fire-extinguishing agents.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 3 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Fire-extinguishing agents. 125.163 Section... Requirements § 125.163 Fire-extinguishing agents. Only methyl bromide, carbon dioxide, or another agent that... some other person using satisfactory recharging equipment. If carbon dioxide is used, it must not be...

  16. 14 CFR 23.1201 - Fire extinguishing systems materials.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 1 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Fire extinguishing systems materials. 23... Powerplant Powerplant Fire Protection § 23.1201 Fire extinguishing systems materials. For all airplanes with engine(s) embedded in the fuselage or in pylons on the aft fuselage the following applies: (a) No...

  17. 14 CFR 23.1201 - Fire extinguishing systems materials.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 1 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Fire extinguishing systems materials. 23... Powerplant Powerplant Fire Protection § 23.1201 Fire extinguishing systems materials. For all airplanes with engine(s) embedded in the fuselage or in pylons on the aft fuselage the following applies: (a) No...

  18. Halon 1301 management planning guidance

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    1995-05-01

    This ETL provides guidance to help the Base Civil Engineer (BCE) and other users manage inventories of Halon 1301, an ozone depleting substance used in many facility fire protection systems. This guidance will allow Halon 1301 users to develop the transition plans necessary to implement the DOD and Air Force policies on ozone depleting substances. Attachment 3 to this ETL contains detailed instructions on how to develop a Base Halon 1 301 Management Plan and comply with Air Force policies and regulations designed to minimize dependency on Halon 1301.

  19. Extinguishing agent for combustible metal fires

    DOEpatents

    Riley, John F.; Stauffer, Edgar Eugene

    1976-10-12

    A low chloride extinguishing agent for combustible metal fires comprising from substantially 75 to substantially 94 weight percent of sodium carbonate as the basic fire extinguishing material, from substantially 1 to substantially 5 weight percent of a water-repellent agent such as a metal stearate, from substantially 2 to substantially 10 weight percent of a flow promoting agent such as attapulgus clay, and from substantially 3 to substantially 15 weight percent of a polyamide resin as a crusting agent.

  20. 46 CFR 131.815 - Alarm for fixed gaseous fire-extinguishing system.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Alarm for fixed gaseous fire-extinguishing system. 131... VESSELS OPERATIONS Markings for Fire Equipment and Emergency Equipment § 131.815 Alarm for fixed gaseous fire-extinguishing system. Each alarm for a fixed gaseous fire-extinguishing system must be...

  1. 46 CFR 131.815 - Alarm for fixed gaseous fire-extinguishing system.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 4 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Alarm for fixed gaseous fire-extinguishing system. 131... VESSELS OPERATIONS Markings for Fire Equipment and Emergency Equipment § 131.815 Alarm for fixed gaseous fire-extinguishing system. Each alarm for a fixed gaseous fire-extinguishing system must be...

  2. 14 CFR 121.271 - Fire-extinguishing system materials.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 3 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Fire-extinguishing system materials. 121.271 Section 121.271 Aeronautics and Space FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF....271 Fire-extinguishing system materials. (a) Except as provided in paragraph (b) of this section, each...

  3. 14 CFR 121.271 - Fire-extinguishing system materials.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 3 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Fire-extinguishing system materials. 121.271 Section 121.271 Aeronautics and Space FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF....271 Fire-extinguishing system materials. (a) Except as provided in paragraph (b) of this section, each...

  4. 14 CFR 121.271 - Fire-extinguishing system materials.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 3 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Fire-extinguishing system materials. 121.271 Section 121.271 Aeronautics and Space FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF....271 Fire-extinguishing system materials. (a) Except as provided in paragraph (b) of this section, each...

  5. 14 CFR 121.271 - Fire-extinguishing system materials.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 3 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Fire-extinguishing system materials. 121.271 Section 121.271 Aeronautics and Space FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF....271 Fire-extinguishing system materials. (a) Except as provided in paragraph (b) of this section, each...

  6. 14 CFR 121.271 - Fire-extinguishing system materials.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 3 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Fire-extinguishing system materials. 121.271 Section 121.271 Aeronautics and Space FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF....271 Fire-extinguishing system materials. (a) Except as provided in paragraph (b) of this section, each...

  7. 14 CFR 125.169 - Fire-extinguishing system materials.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 3 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Fire-extinguishing system materials. 125.169 Section 125.169 Aeronautics and Space FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF... Requirements § 125.169 Fire-extinguishing system materials. (a) Except as provided in paragraph (b) of this...

  8. 14 CFR 125.169 - Fire-extinguishing system materials.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 3 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Fire-extinguishing system materials. 125.169 Section 125.169 Aeronautics and Space FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF... Requirements § 125.169 Fire-extinguishing system materials. (a) Except as provided in paragraph (b) of this...

  9. 14 CFR 125.169 - Fire-extinguishing system materials.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 3 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Fire-extinguishing system materials. 125.169 Section 125.169 Aeronautics and Space FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF... Requirements § 125.169 Fire-extinguishing system materials. (a) Except as provided in paragraph (b) of this...

  10. 14 CFR 125.169 - Fire-extinguishing system materials.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 3 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Fire-extinguishing system materials. 125.169 Section 125.169 Aeronautics and Space FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF... Requirements § 125.169 Fire-extinguishing system materials. (a) Except as provided in paragraph (b) of this...

  11. 14 CFR 125.169 - Fire-extinguishing system materials.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 3 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Fire-extinguishing system materials. 125.169 Section 125.169 Aeronautics and Space FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF... Requirements § 125.169 Fire-extinguishing system materials. (a) Except as provided in paragraph (b) of this...

  12. Synthesis of Fire-Extinguishing Dawsonites

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Altman, R. L.

    1982-01-01

    Simple nonaqueous process synthesizes sodium or potassium, dawsonites effective against hydrocarbon fuel fires. Fire-extinguishing alkali metal dawsonites are prepared using a finely-pulverized equimolar mixture of hydrogen carbonate, or carbonates and aluminum hydroxide heated for 1 to 6 hours under carbon dioxide pressure.

  13. 14 CFR 23.1197 - Fire extinguishing agents.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... Protection § 23.1197 Fire extinguishing agents. For all airplanes with engine(s) embedded in the fuselage or... extinguishing system; and (2) Have thermal stability over the temperature range likely to be experienced in the... personnel compartment, even though a defect may exist in the extinguishing system. This must be shown by...

  14. 14 CFR 23.1197 - Fire extinguishing agents.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... Protection § 23.1197 Fire extinguishing agents. For all airplanes with engine(s) embedded in the fuselage or... extinguishing system; and (2) Have thermal stability over the temperature range likely to be experienced in the... personnel compartment, even though a defect may exist in the extinguishing system. This must be shown by...

  15. 46 CFR 108.403a - Fire extinguishing systems: Non-vital services.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 4 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Fire extinguishing systems: Non-vital services. 108.403a Section 108.403a Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) A-MOBILE OFFSHORE DRILLING UNITS DESIGN AND EQUIPMENT Fire Extinguishing Systems § 108.403a Fire extinguishing systems: Non...

  16. 46 CFR 108.403a - Fire extinguishing systems: Non-vital services.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Fire extinguishing systems: Non-vital services. 108.403a Section 108.403a Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) A-MOBILE OFFSHORE DRILLING UNITS DESIGN AND EQUIPMENT Fire Extinguishing Systems § 108.403a Fire extinguishing systems: Non...

  17. 46 CFR 108.403a - Fire extinguishing systems: Non-vital services.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 4 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Fire extinguishing systems: Non-vital services. 108.403a Section 108.403a Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) A-MOBILE OFFSHORE DRILLING UNITS DESIGN AND EQUIPMENT Fire Extinguishing Systems § 108.403a Fire extinguishing systems: Non...

  18. 46 CFR 108.403a - Fire extinguishing systems: Non-vital services.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 4 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Fire extinguishing systems: Non-vital services. 108.403a Section 108.403a Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) A-MOBILE OFFSHORE DRILLING UNITS DESIGN AND EQUIPMENT Fire Extinguishing Systems § 108.403a Fire extinguishing systems: Non...

  19. 46 CFR 108.403a - Fire extinguishing systems: Non-vital services.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 4 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Fire extinguishing systems: Non-vital services. 108.403a Section 108.403a Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) A-MOBILE OFFSHORE DRILLING UNITS DESIGN AND EQUIPMENT Fire Extinguishing Systems § 108.403a Fire extinguishing systems: Non...

  20. 46 CFR 132.310 - Fixed fire-extinguishing systems for paint lockers.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 4 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Fixed fire-extinguishing systems for paint lockers. 132... lockers. (a) Except as provided by paragraph (b) of this section, a fixed gaseous fire-extinguishing system or another approved fixed fire-extinguishing system must be installed in each paint locker. (b) No...

  1. 46 CFR 132.310 - Fixed fire-extinguishing systems for paint lockers.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Fixed fire-extinguishing systems for paint lockers. 132... lockers. (a) Except as provided by paragraph (b) of this section, a fixed gaseous fire-extinguishing system or another approved fixed fire-extinguishing system must be installed in each paint locker. (b) No...

  2. 46 CFR 132.310 - Fixed fire-extinguishing systems for paint lockers.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 4 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Fixed fire-extinguishing systems for paint lockers. 132... lockers. (a) Except as provided by paragraph (b) of this section, a fixed gaseous fire-extinguishing system or another approved fixed fire-extinguishing system must be installed in each paint locker. (b) No...

  3. 46 CFR 132.310 - Fixed fire-extinguishing systems for paint lockers.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 4 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Fixed fire-extinguishing systems for paint lockers. 132... lockers. (a) Except as provided by paragraph (b) of this section, a fixed gaseous fire-extinguishing system or another approved fixed fire-extinguishing system must be installed in each paint locker. (b) No...

  4. 46 CFR 132.310 - Fixed fire-extinguishing systems for paint lockers.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 4 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Fixed fire-extinguishing systems for paint lockers. 132... lockers. (a) Except as provided by paragraph (b) of this section, a fixed gaseous fire-extinguishing system or another approved fixed fire-extinguishing system must be installed in each paint locker. (b) No...

  5. 46 CFR 35.40-25 - Fire extinguishers-TB/ALL.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 1 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Fire extinguishers-TB/ALL. 35.40-25 Section 35.40-25 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY TANK VESSELS OPERATIONS Posting and Marking Requirements-TB/ALL. § 35.40-25 Fire extinguishers—TB/ALL. Each fire extinguisher shall be marked with a number...

  6. 46 CFR 35.40-25 - Fire extinguishers-TB/ALL.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 1 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Fire extinguishers-TB/ALL. 35.40-25 Section 35.40-25 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY TANK VESSELS OPERATIONS Posting and Marking Requirements-TB/ALL § 35.40-25 Fire extinguishers—TB/ALL. Each fire extinguisher shall be marked with a number...

  7. 46 CFR 35.40-25 - Fire extinguishers-TB/ALL.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 1 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Fire extinguishers-TB/ALL. 35.40-25 Section 35.40-25 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY TANK VESSELS OPERATIONS Posting and Marking Requirements-TB/ALL § 35.40-25 Fire extinguishers—TB/ALL. Each fire extinguisher shall be marked with a number...

  8. 46 CFR 35.40-25 - Fire extinguishers-TB/ALL.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 1 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Fire extinguishers-TB/ALL. 35.40-25 Section 35.40-25 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY TANK VESSELS OPERATIONS Posting and Marking Requirements-TB/ALL. § 35.40-25 Fire extinguishers—TB/ALL. Each fire extinguisher shall be marked with a number...

  9. 46 CFR 35.40-25 - Fire extinguishers-TB/ALL.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 1 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Fire extinguishers-TB/ALL. 35.40-25 Section 35.40-25 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY TANK VESSELS OPERATIONS Posting and Marking Requirements-TB/ALL § 35.40-25 Fire extinguishers—TB/ALL. Each fire extinguisher shall be marked with a number...

  10. Development of the International Space Station Fine Water Mist Portable Fire Extinguisher

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Rodriquez, Branelle; Young, GIna

    2013-01-01

    The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) is developing a Fine Water Mist (FWM) Portable Fire Extinguisher (PFE) for use on the International Space Station (ISS). The ISS presently uses two different types of fire extinguishers: a water foam extinguisher in the Russian Segments, and a carbon dioxide extinguisher in the United States Orbital Segments, which include Columbus and Kibo pressurized elements. Currently, there are operational and compatibility concerns with the emergency breathing equipment and the carbon dioxide extinguisher. ISS emergency response breathing equipment does not filter carbon dioxide; therefore, crew members are required to have an oxygen supply present during a fire event since the carbon dioxide PFE creates an unsafe breathing environment. The ISS program recommended a nontoxic fire extinguisher to mitigate this operational risk. The FWM PFE can extinguish a fire without creating a hazardous breathing environment for crewmembers. This paper will discuss the unique functional and performance requirements that have been levied on the FWM PFE, identify unique microgravity design considerations for liquid and gas systems, and discuss the NASA ISS specific fire standards that were developed to establish an acceptable portable fire extinguisher s performance.

  11. 46 CFR 169.564 - Fixed extinguishing system, general.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ..., general. (a) A fixed carbon dioxide, Halon 1301, or clean agent extinguishing system must be installed to... open to the atmosphere as to make the use of a fixed system ineffective; (2) Any paint or oil room, or... an approved carbon dioxide, Halon 1301, halogenated, or clean agent type and installed to the...

  12. 46 CFR 169.564 - Fixed extinguishing system, general.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ..., general. (a) A fixed carbon dioxide, Halon 1301, or clean agent extinguishing system must be installed to... open to the atmosphere as to make the use of a fixed system ineffective; (2) Any paint or oil room, or... an approved carbon dioxide, Halon 1301, halogenated, or clean agent type and installed to the...

  13. 46 CFR 169.564 - Fixed extinguishing system, general.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ..., general. (a) A fixed carbon dioxide, Halon 1301, or clean agent extinguishing system must be installed to... open to the atmosphere as to make the use of a fixed system ineffective; (2) Any paint or oil room, or... an approved carbon dioxide, Halon 1301, halogenated, or clean agent type and installed to the...

  14. Incidental Reflector Comparison of Containerized Dry Fire Extinguishing Agents

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Chapman, Bryan Scott; Wysong, Andrew Russell

    This document addresses the incidental reflector reactivity worth of containerized fire extinguishing agents authorized for use in PF-4 at Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL). The intent of the document is to analyze dry fire extinguishing agent that remains in a container and is not actively being used in a fire emergency. The incidental reflector reactivity worth is determined by comparison to various thicknesses of close fitting water reflection which is commonly used to bound incidental reflectors in criticality safety evaluations. The conclusion is that even in unlimited quantities, when containerized the authorized dry fire extinguishing agents are bound by 0.4more » inches of close fitting water.« less

  15. Penetrating Fire Extinguisher

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    1985-01-01

    When Feecon Corporation, a manufacturer of fire protection systems, needed a piercing nozzle for larger aircraft, they were assisted by Kennedy Space Center who provided the company with a fire extinguisher with a hard pointed tip that had been developed in case of an orbiter crash landing. The nozzle can penetrate metal skins of aircraft, trains, etc. Feecon obtained a license and now markets its cobra ram piercing nozzle to airport firefighters. Its primary advantage is that the nozzle can be held in one spot during repeated blows of the ram. *This product has been discontinued and is no longer commercially available.

  16. Additives for Water Mist Fire Suppression Systems: A Review

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2012-11-01

    TM 2012-236; R & D pour la défense Canada – Atlantique; novembre 2012. Introduction : On utilisait les halons comme agents extincteurs dans les... 13 Table 11: Results of fire extinguishment tests on kerosene or heptanes pan fires using water mist and water mist with 2 vol...Forafac® WM. ....................................................... 13 x DRDC Atlantic TM 2012-236 This page intentionally left

  17. Fire extinguishant materials

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Altman, R. L.; Mayer, L. A.; Ling, A. C. (Inventor)

    1983-01-01

    Fire extinguishant composition comprising a mixture of a finely divided aluminum compound and alkali metal, stannous or plumbous halide is provided. Aluminum compound may be aluminum hydroxide, alumina or boehmite but preferably it is an alkali metal dawsonite. The metal halide may be an alkali metal, e.g. potassium iodide, bromide or chloride or stannous or plumbous iodide, bromide or chloride. Potassium iodide is preferred.

  18. 30 CFR 77.1111 - Welding, cutting, soldering; use of fire extinguisher.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Welding, cutting, soldering; use of fire... OF UNDERGROUND COAL MINES Fire Protection § 77.1111 Welding, cutting, soldering; use of fire extinguisher. One portable fire extinguisher shall be provided at each location where welding, cutting, or...

  19. 30 CFR 77.1111 - Welding, cutting, soldering; use of fire extinguisher.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Welding, cutting, soldering; use of fire... OF UNDERGROUND COAL MINES Fire Protection § 77.1111 Welding, cutting, soldering; use of fire extinguisher. One portable fire extinguisher shall be provided at each location where welding, cutting, or...

  20. 30 CFR 77.1111 - Welding, cutting, soldering; use of fire extinguisher.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Welding, cutting, soldering; use of fire... OF UNDERGROUND COAL MINES Fire Protection § 77.1111 Welding, cutting, soldering; use of fire extinguisher. One portable fire extinguisher shall be provided at each location where welding, cutting, or...

  1. 30 CFR 77.1111 - Welding, cutting, soldering; use of fire extinguisher.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Welding, cutting, soldering; use of fire... OF UNDERGROUND COAL MINES Fire Protection § 77.1111 Welding, cutting, soldering; use of fire extinguisher. One portable fire extinguisher shall be provided at each location where welding, cutting, or...

  2. 30 CFR 77.1111 - Welding, cutting, soldering; use of fire extinguisher.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Welding, cutting, soldering; use of fire... OF UNDERGROUND COAL MINES Fire Protection § 77.1111 Welding, cutting, soldering; use of fire extinguisher. One portable fire extinguisher shall be provided at each location where welding, cutting, or...

  3. Developing Standards to Qualify a Fine Water Mist Fire Extinguisher for Human Spaceflight

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Graf, John

    2011-01-01

    NASA is developing a Fine Water Mist Portable Fire Extinguisher for use on the International Space Station. The International Space Station presently uses two different types of fire extinguishers: a water foam extinguisher in the Russian Segment, and a carbon dioxide extinguisher in the US Segment and Columbus and Kibo pressurized elements. Changes in emergency breathing equipment make Fine Water Mist operationally preferable. Supplied oxygen breathing systems allow for safe discharge of a carbon dioxide fire extinguisher, without concerns of the crew inhaling unsafe levels of carbon dioxide. But the Portable Breathing Apparatus offers no more than 15 minutes of capability, and continued use of hose based supplied oxygen systems increases the oxygen content in a fire situation. NASA has developed a filtering respirator cartridge for use in a fire environment. It is qualified to provide up to 90 minutes of capability, and because it is a filtering respirator it does not add oxygen to the environment. The fire response respirator cartridge does not filter carbon dioxide, so a crew member discharging a CO2 fire extinguisher while wearing this filtering respirator would be at risk of inhaling unsafe levels of CO2. Fine Water Mist extinguishes a fire without creating a large volume of air with reduced oxygen and elevated CO2. Compared to the carbon dioxide based Portable Fire Extinguisher, the flight qualification of Fine Water Mist systems requires special care. Qualification of the CO2 based Portable Fire Extinguisher began with the assumption that any fire on ISS would be extinguished if the air in the fire environment reached a critical concentration of CO2. Qualification of a CO2 based system requires the developers to make assertions and assumptions about vehicle geometry and the ability of the extinguisher to deliver CO2 in different geometric configurations, but the developers did not need to make assertions or assumptions about the size of the fire, the

  4. Adsorption of Halogenated Fire-Extinguishing Agents on Powders

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Barduhn, Allen J.; Patel, Bhailal S.; Meyer, Walter; Smura, Bronislaw B.

    1960-01-01

    The amounts of four different Freons adsorbed by carbon, silica gel, alumina, and molecular sieves were determined at pressures up to 225 lb/sq in. The carbon adsorbed 50 to 100 percent and the silica gels, 30 to 50 percent of their own weight of Freon. Several adsorbed systems were tested in a standard dry-powder extinguisher on a 5-sq-ft gasoline fire for their effectiveness in putting out a fire. One of the Freons (bromotrifluoromethane) and carbon extinguished fires about as well as bicarbonate powder and nitrogen.

  5. Extinguishing agent for magnesium fire, phases 5 and 6

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Beeson, H. D.; Tapscott, R. E.; Mason, B. E.

    1987-07-01

    This report documents the validation testing of the extinguishing system for metal fires developed as part of Phases 1 to 4. The results of this validation testing form the basis of information from which draft military specifications necessary to procure the agent and the agent delivery system may be developed. The developed system was tested against a variety of large-scale metal fire scenarios and the capabilities of the system were assessed. In addition the response of the system to storage and to changes in ambient conditions was tested. Results of this testing revealed that the developed system represented a reliable metal fire extinguishing system that could control and extinguish very large metal fires. The specifications developed for the agent and for the delivery system are discussed in detail.

  6. The Use of Halons as Fire Suppressants - A Literature Survey

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1977-10-05

    of 2.5 vol% of the halon in dry air was passed through a st, inless steel pyrolysis tube. The most stable of the five compounds was halon 1301, which...markedly in the presence of moist air. MacEwen [32] reports the concentrations of " pyrolysis " products generated by the " pyrolysis " of halon 1011 and halon...Sonnenburg [31] immersed test strips of eight elastomers in diesed fuel containing 5 volume-percent halon 1011 at 212OF (100’C) for 6 hours. They recom- mended

  7. 14 CFR 121.265 - Fire-extinguishing agents.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 3 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Fire-extinguishing agents. 121.265 Section...-extinguishing agents. Only methyl bromide, carbon dioxide, or another agent that has been shown to provide... satisfactory recharging equipment. If carbon dioxide is used, it must not be possible to discharge enough gas...

  8. 14 CFR 125.161 - Fire-extinguishing systems.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... 125.161 Aeronautics and Space FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION (CONTINUED... protection against destruction of the airplane in case of fire is provided by the use of fireproof materials... be provided to serve all designated fire zones. (b) Materials in the fire-extinguishing system must...

  9. 14 CFR 125.161 - Fire-extinguishing systems.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... 125.161 Aeronautics and Space FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION (CONTINUED... protection against destruction of the airplane in case of fire is provided by the use of fireproof materials... be provided to serve all designated fire zones. (b) Materials in the fire-extinguishing system must...

  10. 14 CFR 121.263 - Fire-extinguishing systems.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... 121.263 Aeronautics and Space FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION (CONTINUED... the airplane in case of fire is provided by the use of fireproof materials in the nacelle and other... designated fire zones. (b) Materials in the fire-extinguishing system must not react chemically with the...

  11. 14 CFR 121.263 - Fire-extinguishing systems.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... 121.263 Aeronautics and Space FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION (CONTINUED... the airplane in case of fire is provided by the use of fireproof materials in the nacelle and other... designated fire zones. (b) Materials in the fire-extinguishing system must not react chemically with the...

  12. Handheld Delivery System for Modified Boron-Type Fire Extinguishment Agent

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1993-11-01

    was to develop and test a handheld portable delivery system for use with the modified boron-type fire extinguishing agent for metal fires . B...BACKGROUND A need exists for an extinguishing agent and accompanying delivery system that are effective against complex geometry metal fires . A modified...agent and its delivery system have proven effective against complex geometry metal fires containing up to 200 pounds of magnesium metal. Further

  13. Analysis of the Earthquake Impact towards water-based fire extinguishing system

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Lee, J.; Hur, M.; Lee, K.

    2015-09-01

    Recently, extinguishing system installed in the building when the earthquake occurred at a separate performance requirements. Before the building collapsed during the earthquake, as a function to maintain a fire extinguishing. In particular, the automatic sprinkler fire extinguishing equipment, such as after a massive earthquake without damage to piping also must maintain confidentiality. In this study, an experiment installed in the building during the earthquake, the water-based fire extinguishing saw grasp the impact of the pipe. Experimental structures for water-based fire extinguishing seismic construction step by step, and then applied to the seismic experiment, the building appears in the extinguishing of the earthquake response of the pipe was measured. Construction of acceleration caused by vibration being added to the size and the size of the displacement is measured and compared with the data response of the pipe from the table, thereby extinguishing water piping need to enhance the seismic analysis. Define the seismic design category (SDC) for the four groups in the building structure with seismic criteria (KBC2009) designed according to the importance of the group and earthquake seismic intensity. The event of a real earthquake seismic analysis of Category A and Category B for the seismic design of buildings, the current fire-fighting facilities could have also determined that the seismic performance. In the case of seismic design categories C and D are installed in buildings to preserve the function of extinguishing the required level of seismic retrofit design is determined.

  14. Fire safety practices in the Shuttle and the Space Station Freedom

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Friedman, Robert

    1993-01-01

    The Shuttle reinforces its policy of fire-preventive measures with onboard smoke detectors and Halon 1301 fire extinguishers. The forthcoming Space Station Freedom will have expanded fire protection with photoelectric smoke detectors, radiation flame detectors, and both fixed and portable carbon dioxide fire extinguishers. Many design and operational issues remain to be resolved for Freedom. In particular, the fire-suppression designs must consider the problems of gas leakage in toxic concentrations, alternative systems for single-failure redundancy, and commonality with the corresponding systems of the Freedom international partners. While physical and engineering requirements remain the primary driving forces for spacecraft fire-safety technology, there are, nevertheless, needs and opportunities for the application of microgravity combustion knowledge to improve and optimize the fire-protective systems.

  15. Self-extinguishing behavior of kerosene spray fire in a completely enclosed compartment

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Wang, Changjian; Guo, Jin; Yan, Weigang; Lu, Shouxiang

    2013-10-01

    The self-extinguishing behavior of kerosene spray fire was investigated in a completely enclosed compartment with the size of 3 m × 3 m × 3.4 m. The spray was generated by locating one BETE nozzle at the center of the bottom wall. A series of spray fire videos were obtained by changing BETE nozzle type and injecting pressure. The results show that spray fire undergoes four stages: the growth stage, the quasi-steady stage, the stretch stage and the self-extinguishing stage. Consumption of large quantities of oxygen causes spray fire to first be stretched and then quench. In this process, fire base migrates away from spray region and leads to the emergence of ghosting fire. Ghosting fire promotes the instability of spray fire and large fluctuation of its height, which provides help to its self-extinguishing. With increasing the injecting pressure or the nozzle diameter, the self-extinguishing time decreases. It is found that the self-extinguishing time is approximately in inverse relation with injecting flow rate. Additionally, we also observed the occurrence of two-phase deflagration just after ignition, and it accelerates the spray fire growth and induces a larger fire height than the following quasi-steady spray fire. The deflagration turns stronger with increasing the injecting pressure.

  16. 46 CFR 167.45-45 - Carbon dioxide fire extinguishing system requirements.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 7 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Carbon dioxide fire extinguishing system requirements. 167.45-45 Section 167.45-45 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) NAUTICAL SCHOOLS PUBLIC NAUTICAL SCHOOL SHIPS Special Firefighting and Fire Prevention Requirements § 167.45-45 Carbon dioxide fire extinguishing system...

  17. 46 CFR 167.45-45 - Carbon dioxide fire extinguishing system requirements.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 7 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Carbon dioxide fire extinguishing system requirements. 167.45-45 Section 167.45-45 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) NAUTICAL SCHOOLS PUBLIC NAUTICAL SCHOOL SHIPS Special Firefighting and Fire Prevention Requirements § 167.45-45 Carbon dioxide fire extinguishing system...

  18. 46 CFR 167.45-45 - Carbon dioxide fire extinguishing system requirements.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 7 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Carbon dioxide fire extinguishing system requirements. 167.45-45 Section 167.45-45 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) NAUTICAL SCHOOLS PUBLIC NAUTICAL SCHOOL SHIPS Special Firefighting and Fire Prevention Requirements § 167.45-45 Carbon dioxide fire extinguishing system...

  19. Fire extinguishing tests -80 with methyl alcohol gasoline

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Holmstedt, G.; Ryderman, A.; Carlsson, B.; Lennmalm, B.

    1980-10-01

    Large scale tests and laboratory experiments were carried out for estimating the extinguishing effectiveness of three alcohol resistant aqueous film forming foams (AFFF), two alcohol resistant fluoroprotein foams and two detergent foams in various poolfires: gasoline, isopropyl alcohol, acetone, methyl-ethyl ketone, methyl alcohol and M15 (a gasoline, methyl alcohol, isobutene mixture). The scaling down of large scale tests for developing a reliable laboratory method was especially examined. The tests were performed with semidirect foam application, in pools of 50, 11, 4, 0.6, and 0.25 sq m. Burning time, temperature distribution in the liquid, and thermal radiation were determined. An M15 fire can be extinguished with a detergent foam, but it is impossible to extinguish fires in polar solvents, such as methyl alcohol, acetone, and isopropyl alcohol with detergent foams, AFFF give the best results; and performances with small pools can hardly be correlated with results from large scale fires.

  20. Tests of Halon 1301 test gas simulants

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Carhart, H. W.; Leonard, J. T.; Dinenno, P. J.; Starchville, M. D.; Forssell, E. W.; Wong, J. T.

    1989-02-01

    All new and retrofit installations of Halon 1301 (CBrF3) total flooding fire protection systems in shipboard machinery spaces require full acceptance discharge test. It is desirable to use a suitable simulant test gas in these tests in view of current and future regulation of Halon 1301. Sulfur hexafluoride, SF6, and chlorodifluromethane R-22, were identified as candidate simulants on the basis of their similarity in physical properties to Halon 1301. These two candidates were then evaluated on the basis of leakage from an enclosure. SF6 was determined to be an excellent simulant for Halon 1301 when considering leakage from an enclosure. Further testing of SF6 and R-22 is planned for other important aspects of Halon 1301 systems, i.e., flow hydraulics, initial mixing.

  1. Development of the International Space Station (ISS) Fine Water Mist (FWM) Portable Fire Extinguisher

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Rodriquez, Branelle; Graf, John; Carlile, Christie; Young, GIna

    2012-01-01

    The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) is developing a Fine Water Mist (FWM) Portable Fire Extinguisher (PFE) for use on the International Space Station (ISS). The ISS presently uses two different types of fire extinguishers: a water foam extinguisher in the Russian Segment, and a carbon dioxide extinguisher in the United States Orbital Segments, which include Columbus and Kibo pressurized elements. Currently, there are operational concerns with the emergency breathing equipment and the carbon dioxide extinguisher. The toxicity of the carbon dioxide requires the crew members to have an oxygen supply present during a fire event, therefore inherently creating an unsafe environment. The FWM PFE extinguishes a fire without creating a hazardous breathing environment for crew members. The following paper will discuss the unique functional and performance requirements that have been levied on the FWM PFE, identify unique microgravity design considerations for liquid and gas systems, as well as discuss the NASA ISS specific fire standards that were developed to establish an acceptable portable fire extinguisher s performance.

  2. Highly Effective, Low Toxicity, Low Environmental Impact Total Flooding Fire Suppressants

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Glass, S. M.; Dhooge, P. M.; Nimitz, J. S.

    2001-01-01

    Halon 1301 (CF3Br) has been used for decades as the primary fire suppression agent for areas where powder agents cannot be used because of concerns for sensitive equipment. Halon 1301 is an excellent extinguishing agent, effective at about 3% in air and quite non-toxic. It has an effective exposure limit much greater than its extinguishing concentration, so it can be used in normally occupied areas. The ability of a chemical to destroy stratospheric ozone is its ozone-depletion potential (ODP). ODP is the amount of ozone destroyed per pound of a chemical, relative to the standard CFC-11 with an ODP = 1.0. Because halons have been implicated in stratospheric ozone depletion, their production was stopped at the end of 1995 under the provisions of the Montreal Protocol plus later amendments. In the US, the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990, Presidential directives, and DoD Directive 6050.9 implemented this phaseout. These regulations and penalties have provided strong incentives for US businesses to decrease CFC use. The Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1989 mandates high Federal taxes on CFCs and halons, designed to price them out of the market. The taxes also capture for the government the windfall profits that would otherwise go to producers as scarcity drives up prices. Several replacements have been developed for Halon 1301. One is carbon dioxide, which has been used as a firefighting agent for many years. However, a high concentration of carbon dioxide is necessary to inert fuels. The effective concentration for inerting with carbon dioxide is approximately 29%, which is above the concentration lethal to humans. HFC-227ea is being used extensively to replace Halon 1301 systems in nominally occupied areas and some normally unoccupied areas. However, since the effective concentration of HFC-227ea is about three to four times that of Halon 1301 the extinguishing systems have to be larger and new extinguishing systems have to be installed. HFC-125 is also being

  3. 33 CFR 145.05 - Classification of fire extinguishers.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 2 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Classification of fire... SECURITY (CONTINUED) OUTER CONTINENTAL SHELF ACTIVITIES FIRE-FIGHTING EQUIPMENT § 145.05 Classification of....05(c)—Portable and Semiportable Extinguishers Classification Type Size Soda-acid and water, gallons...

  4. 14 CFR 25.1195 - Fire extinguishing systems.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... extinguishing systems. (a) Except for combustor, turbine, and tail pipe sections of turbine engine installations that contain lines or components carrying flammable fluids or gases for which it is shown that a fire...

  5. 14 CFR 25.1195 - Fire extinguishing systems.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... extinguishing systems. (a) Except for combustor, turbine, and tail pipe sections of turbine engine installations that contain lines or components carrying flammable fluids or gases for which it is shown that a fire...

  6. 14 CFR 25.1195 - Fire extinguishing systems.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... extinguishing systems. (a) Except for combustor, turbine, and tail pipe sections of turbine engine installations that contain lines or components carrying flammable fluids or gases for which it is shown that a fire...

  7. 14 CFR 25.1195 - Fire extinguishing systems.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... extinguishing systems. (a) Except for combustor, turbine, and tail pipe sections of turbine engine installations that contain lines or components carrying flammable fluids or gases for which it is shown that a fire...

  8. 14 CFR 25.1195 - Fire extinguishing systems.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... extinguishing systems. (a) Except for combustor, turbine, and tail pipe sections of turbine engine installations that contain lines or components carrying flammable fluids or gases for which it is shown that a fire...

  9. Research on environmental impact of water-based fire extinguishing agents

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Wang, Shuai

    2018-02-01

    This paper offers current status of application of water-based fire extinguishing agents, the environmental and research considerations of the need for the study of toxicity research. This paper also offers systematic review of test methods of toxicity and environmental impact of water-based fire extinguishing agents currently available, illustrate the main requirements and relevant test methods, and offer some research findings for future research considerations. The paper also offers limitations of current study.

  10. 46 CFR 91.25-20 - Fire-extinguishing equipment.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... each inspection for certification, periodic inspection and at other times necessary, the inspector will... certification and periodic inspection, the inspector will check fire-extinguishing equipment with the following... systems shall be checked as noted in Table 91.25-20(a)(1). In addition, the hand portable fire...

  11. 46 CFR 91.25-20 - Fire extinguishing equipment.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... each inspection for certification, periodic inspection and at other times necessary, the inspector will... certification and periodic inspection, the inspector will check fire-extinguishing equipment with the following... systems shall be checked as noted in Table 91.25-20(a)(1). In addition, the hand portable fire...

  12. 46 CFR 91.25-20 - Fire extinguishing equipment.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... each inspection for certification, periodic inspection and at other times necessary, the inspector will... certification and periodic inspection, the inspector will check fire-extinguishing equipment with the following... systems shall be checked as noted in Table 91.25-20(a)(1). In addition, the hand portable fire...

  13. 46 CFR 91.25-20 - Fire-extinguishing equipment.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... each inspection for certification, periodic inspection and at other times necessary, the inspector will... certification and periodic inspection, the inspector will check fire-extinguishing equipment with the following... systems shall be checked as noted in Table 91.25-20(a)(1). In addition, the hand portable fire...

  14. 14 CFR 23.1195 - Fire extinguishing systems.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ..., and the discharge distribution must be adequate to extinguish fires. An individual “one shot” system may be used, except for engine(s) embedded in the fuselage, where a “two shot” system is required. (3...

  15. 14 CFR 23.1195 - Fire extinguishing systems.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ..., and the discharge distribution must be adequate to extinguish fires. An individual “one shot” system may be used, except for engine(s) embedded in the fuselage, where a “two shot” system is required. (3...

  16. 76 FR 36392 - Airworthiness Directives; Gulfstream Aerospace Corporation Model GV and GV-SP Airplanes

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-06-22

    ... third Halon fire extinguisher bottle is installed in the auxiliary power unit (APU) fragment impact zone... that the third fire extinguisher bottle is mounted in a small-fragment impact zone. We are proposing... impact zone (rotor burst zone). Some operators might have installed this third fire extinguisher bottle...

  17. Navy Safety Center data on the effects of fire protection systems on electrical equipment

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Levine, Robert S.

    1991-04-01

    Records of the Navy Safety Center, Norfolk, VA were reviewed to find data relevant to inadvertant operation of installed fire extinguishing systems in civilian nuclear power plants. Navy data show the incidence of collateral fire or other damage by fresh water on operating electrical equipment in submarines and in shore facilities is about the same as the civilian experience, about 30 percent. Aboard surface ships, however, the collateral damage incidence in much lower, about 15 percent. With sea water, the collateral damage incidence is at least 75 percent. It is concluded that the fire extinguisher water has to be contaminated, as by rust in sprinkler systems or deposited salt spray, for most collateral damage to occur. Reasons for inadvertant operation (or advertant operation) of firex systems at shore facilities, submarines, and surface ships resemble those for nuclear power plants. Mechanical or electrical failures lead the list, followed by mishaps during maintenance. Detector and alarm system failures are significant problems at Navy shore facilities, and significant at nuclear power plants. Fixed halon and CO2 systems in shore facilities cause no collateral damage. Lists of individual Navy incidents with water and with halon and carbon dioxide are included as appendices.

  18. Development of the International Space Station (ISS) Fine Water Mist (FWM) Portable Fire Extinguisher

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Clements, Anna L.

    2011-01-01

    NASA is developing a Fine Water Mist Portable Fire Extinguisher for use on the International Space Station. The International Space Station presently uses two different types of fire extinguishers: a water foam extinguisher in the Russian Segment, and a carbon dioxide extinguisher in the US Segment and Columbus and Kibo pressurized elements. Changes in emergency breathing equipment make Fine Water Mist operationally preferable. Supplied oxygen breathing systems allow for safe discharge of a carbon dioxide fire extinguisher, without concerns of the crew inhaling unsafe levels of carbon dioxide. But the Portable Breathing Apparatus (PBA) offers no more than 15 minutes of capability, and continued use of hose based supplied oxygen system increases the oxygen content in a fire situation. NASA has developed a filtering respirator cartridge for use in a fire environment. It is qualified to provide up to 90 minutes of capability, and because it is a filtering respirator it does not add oxygen to the environment. The fire response respirator cartridge does not filter carbon dioxide (CO2), so a crew member discharging a CO2 fire extinguisher while wearing this filtering respirator would be at risk of inhaling unsafe levels of CO2. Fine Water Mist extinguishes a fire without creating a large volume of air with reduced oxygen and elevated CO2. From a flight hardware design perspective, the fine water mist fire extinguisher has two major elements: (1) the nozzle and crew interface, and (2) the tank. The nozzle and crew interface has been under development for several years. It has gone through several design iterations, and has been part of more than 400 fire challenge and spray characterizations. The crew and vehicle interface aspects of the design will use the heritage of the CO2 based Portable Fire Extinguisher, to minimize the disruption to the crew and integration impacts to the ISS. The microgravity use environment of the system poses a set of unique design requirements

  19. Fire Safety Analysis of the Polar Icebreaker Replacement Design. Volume 2

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1987-10-01

    report. ; iote : At t tne -3f incident only five or sx men were aboard: therefore, they could not atterrot to attack a fire of this intensmtp t hemse I...fire extinguisher (PKP) AUTOMATIC: A1301 Halon 1301 total flooding system - remotely actuated AF AFFF (3%) sprinkler system - remotely actuated AFM...simulate wind effects, we have found that its judicious use along with the vent and shaft routines allows for the modelling of simple HVAC systems

  20. Fire extinguishing tests -80 with methyl alcohol gasoline (in MIXED)

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Holmstedt, G.; Ryderman, A.; Carlsson, B.

    1980-01-01

    Large scale tests and laboratory experiments were carried out for estimating the extinguishing effectiveness of three alcohol resistant aqueous film forming foams (AFFF), two alcohol resistant fluoroprotein foams and two detergent foams in various poolfires: gasoline, isopropyl alcohol, acetone, methyl-ethyl ketone, methyl alcohol and M15 (a gasoline, methyl alcohol, isobutene mixture). The scaling down of large scale tests for developing a reliable laboratory method was especially examined. The tests were performed with semidirect foam application, in pools of 50, 11, 4, 0.6, and 0.25 sq m. Burning time, temperature distribution in the liquid, and thermal radiation were determined. An M15more » fire can be extinguished with a detergent foam, but it is impossible to extinguish fires in polar solvents, such as methyl alcohol, acetone, and isopropyl alcohol with detergent foams, AFFF give the best results, and performances with small pools can hardly be correlated with results from large scale fires.« less

  1. Extinguishment and Burnback Testing of Fire Fighting Agents

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2005-09-26

    resisting burnback for hydrocarbon fuel fires. Potential Aqueous Film Forming Foam ( AFFF ) replacements are required to exhibit an...simple, reliable test to evaluate the effectiveness of new foams being introduced into the market as potential Aqueous Film Forming Foam ( AFFF ...normal concentrations. Reference: Military Specification MIL-F-24385F, Fire Extinguishing Agent, Aqueous Film - Forming Foam

  2. Fire/security staff member instructs STS-29 crew on fire extinguisher usage

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    1988-01-01

    STS-29 Discovery, Orbiter Vehicle (OV) 103, crewmembers are trained in procedures to follow in the event of a fire. Here, the crew is briefed on the correct handling of the fire extinguisher by Robert Fife (far left) of NASA's fire / security staff. Pictured, left to right are Pilot John E. Blaha, Commander Michael L. Coats, Mission Specialist (MS) Robert C. Springer, MS James F. Buchli, and MS James P. Bagian. The in fire fighting training took place at JSC's fire training pit across from the Gilruth Center Bldg 207.

  3. Science and technology issues in spacecraft fire safety

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Friedman, Robert; Sacksteder, Kurt R.

    1987-01-01

    The space station, a permanently-inhabited orbiting laboratory, places new demands on spacecraft fire safety. Long-duration missions may call for more-constrained fire controls, but the accessibility of the space station to a variety of users may call for less-restrictive measures. This paper discusses fire safety issues through a review of the state of the art and a presentation of key findings from a recent NASA Lewis Research Center Workshop. The subjects covered are the fundamental science of low-gravity combustion and the technology advances in fire detection, extinguishment, materials assessment, and atmosphere selection. Key concerns are for the adoption of a fire-safe atmosphere and the substitution for the effective but toxic extinguishant, halon 1301. The fire safety studies and reviews provide several recommendations for further action. One is the expanded research in combustion, sensors, and materials in the low-gravity environment of space. Another is the development of generalized fire-safety standards for spacecraft through cooperative endeavors with aerospace and outside Government and industry sources.

  4. Power packs: A passive approach to extinguishing fire in combat vehicles

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Finnerty, Anthony E.; Polyanski, Stanley

    1991-01-01

    Thin (12.7 and 6.4 mm) panels of fire extinguishing powder in a honeycomb matrix were tested for their ability to extinguish fires in the FAASV ammunition resupply vehicle. These powder packs were applied to the exterior of hydraulic fluid reservoirs and fuel cells for protection from hydrocarbon fires caused by shaped charge jets penetrating the fluid containers. It was found that a surround of 12.7-mm-thick panels was required to achieve a sub 250-ms fire-out time with no second-degree burns expected to personnel with hot hydraulic fluid reservoirs. Power packs as thin as 6.4 mm provided the same protection in the case of hot diesel fuel.

  5. Improvable method for Halon 1301 concentration measurement based on infrared absorption

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Hu, Yang; Lu, Song; Guan, Yu

    2015-09-01

    Halon 1301 has attached much interest because of its pervasive use as an effective fire suppressant agent in aircraft related fires, and the study of fire suppressant agent concentration measurement is especially of interest. In this work, a Halon 1301 concentration measurement method based on the Beer-Lambert law is developed. IR light is transmitted through mixed gas, and the light intensity with and without the agent present is measured. The intensity ratio is a function of the volume percentage of Halon 1301, and the voltage output of the detector is proportional to light intensity. As such, the relationship between the volume percentage and voltage ratio can be established. The concentration measurement system shows a relative error of the system less than ±2.50%, and a full scale error within 1.20%. This work also discusses the effect of temperature and relative humidity (RH) on the calibration. The experimental results of voltage ratio versus Halon 1301 volume percentage relationship show that the voltage ratio drops significantly as temperature rises from 25 to 100 °C, and it decreases as RH rises from 0% to 100%.

  6. Automatic fire-extinguishing system for inhabited pressurized compartments of manned spacecraft

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Bolodian, Ivan; Melikhov, Anatoliy; Tanklevskiy, Leonid

    2017-06-01

    There is an innovational fire-extinguishing technology implemented via equipage of inhabited pressurized modules of the space station "Mir" and compartments of the Russian segment of International space station by automatic fire extinguishing systems in an orbital flight. Fire-safety in inhabited pressurized compartments of spacecraft (further - InPC SC) became one of the most dangerous factors during an orbital flight after a number of fire-hazardous situations occurred in different countries during preparation and execution of spaceflights [1,2]. High fire-risk in InPC of manned SC is determined by the following specific peculiarities of a arrangement and usage conditions of these items: - atmosphere of inhabited compartments is considerably enriched with oxygen - up to 25-40%; - there are many structural non-metal materials (here and after - materials) in order to lower the weight of InPC SC, most part of these materials is combustible under a given concentration of oxygen (here and after - Cox) in the atmosphere of InPC SC; - ventilation flow (here and after - Vvf) under normal operation of ventilation means in InPC SC considerably increases a possibility of fast fire-spread in InPC. - inhabited pressurized compartments of SC are filled with electrical equipment, which elements during failures even in low-current circuits became fire sources in oxygen-rich atmosphere; - indoor spaces of inhabited pressurized compartments of SC, as a rule, have complicated figuration with isolated for usage of local fire extinguishing zones with elements of electrical devices.

  7. Development of a Standard Test Scenario to Evaluate the Effectiveness of Portable Fire Extinguishers on Lithium-ion Battery Fires

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Juarez, Alfredo; Harper, Susan A.; Hirsch, David B.; Carriere, Thierry

    2013-01-01

    Many sources of fuel are present aboard current spacecraft, with one especially hazardous source of stored energy: lithium ion batteries. Lithium ion batteries are a very hazardous form of fuel due to their self-sustaining combustion once ignited, for example, by an external heat source. Batteries can become extremely energetic fire sources due to their high density electrochemical energy content that may, under duress, be violently converted to thermal energy and fire in the form of a thermal runaway. Currently, lithium ion batteries are the preferred types of batteries aboard international spacecraft and therefore are routinely installed, collectively forming a potentially devastating fire threat to a spacecraft and its crew. Currently NASA is developing a fine water mist portable fire extinguisher for future use on international spacecraft. As its development ensues, a need for the standard evaluation of various types of fire extinguishers against this potential threat is required to provide an unbiased means of comparing between fire extinguisher technologies and ranking them based on performance.

  8. 33 CFR 149.405 - How are fire extinguishers classified?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... percentages of water, are of primary importance; (2) “B” for fires of flammable liquids, greases, or other thick flammable substances where a blanketing effect is essential; and (3) “C” for fires in electrical equipment where the use of a non-conducting extinguishing agent is of primary importance. (c) The number...

  9. 33 CFR 149.405 - How are fire extinguishers classified?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... percentages of water, are of primary importance; (2) “B” for fires of flammable liquids, greases, or other thick flammable substances where a blanketing effect is essential; and (3) “C” for fires in electrical equipment where the use of a non-conducting extinguishing agent is of primary importance. (c) The number...

  10. 33 CFR 149.405 - How are fire extinguishers classified?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... percentages of water, are of primary importance; (2) “B” for fires of flammable liquids, greases, or other thick flammable substances where a blanketing effect is essential; and (3) “C” for fires in electrical equipment where the use of a non-conducting extinguishing agent is of primary importance. (c) The number...

  11. 33 CFR 149.405 - How are fire extinguishers classified?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... percentages of water, are of primary importance; (2) “B” for fires of flammable liquids, greases, or other thick flammable substances where a blanketing effect is essential; and (3) “C” for fires in electrical equipment where the use of a non-conducting extinguishing agent is of primary importance. (c) The number...

  12. 30 CFR 75.1107-8 - Fire suppression devices; extinguishant supply systems.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... Fire suppression devices; extinguishant supply systems. (a) Fire suppression systems using water or... equivalent protective devices and a rising stem or other visual indicator-type shutoff valve. (b) Water supplies for fire suppression devices installed on underground equipment may be maintained in mounted water...

  13. 30 CFR 75.1107-8 - Fire suppression devices; extinguishant supply systems.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... Fire suppression devices; extinguishant supply systems. (a) Fire suppression systems using water or... equivalent protective devices and a rising stem or other visual indicator-type shutoff valve. (b) Water supplies for fire suppression devices installed on underground equipment may be maintained in mounted water...

  14. 30 CFR 75.1107-8 - Fire suppression devices; extinguishant supply systems.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... Fire suppression devices; extinguishant supply systems. (a) Fire suppression systems using water or... equivalent protective devices and a rising stem or other visual indicator-type shutoff valve. (b) Water supplies for fire suppression devices installed on underground equipment may be maintained in mounted water...

  15. 75 FR 9439 - FM Approvals: Application for Expansion of Recognition; Wyle Laboratories: Voluntary Modification...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-03-02

    ... Water-Type Fire Extinguishers UL 711 Rating and Fire Testing of Fire Extinguishers UL 796 Printed-Wiring... Equipment UL 1053 Ground-Fault Sensing and Relaying Equipment UL 1054 Special-Use Switches UL 1058... Halon 1211 Recovery/Recharge Equipment UL 2111 Overheating Protection for Motors III. Temporary...

  16. 10. Helicopter pad, fire extinguisher at center, looking southwest ...

    Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

    10. Helicopter pad, fire extinguisher at center, looking southwest - Ellsworth Air Force Base, Delta Flight, Launch Control Facility, County Road CS23A, North of Exit 127, Interior, Jackson County, SD

  17. Fire Extinguisher Robot Using Ultrasonic Camera and Wi-Fi Network Controlled with Android Smartphone

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Siregar, B.; Purba, H. A.; Efendi, S.; Fahmi, F.

    2017-03-01

    Fire disasters can occur anytime and result in high losses. It is often that fire fighters cannot access the source of fire due to the damage of building and very high temperature, or even due to the presence of explosive materials. With such constraints and high risk in the handling of the fire, a technological breakthrough that can help fighting the fire is necessary. Our paper proposed the use of robots to extinguish the fire that can be controlled from a specified distance in order to reduce the risk. A fire extinguisher robot was assembled with the intention to extinguish the fire by using a water pump as actuators. The robot movement was controlled using Android smartphones via Wi-fi networks utilizing Wi-fi module contained in the robot. User commands were sent to the microcontroller on the robot and then translated into robotic movement. We used ATMega8 as main microcontroller in the robot. The robot was equipped with cameras and ultrasonic sensors. The camera played role in giving feedback to user and in finding the source of fire. Ultrasonic sensors were used to avoid collisions during movement. Feedback provided by camera on the robot displayed on a screen of smartphone. In lab, testing environment the robot can move following the user command such as turn right, turn left, forward and backward. The ultrasonic sensors worked well that the robot can be stopped at a distance of less than 15 cm. In the fire test, the robot can perform the task properly to extinguish the fire.

  18. 46 CFR 25.30-20 - Fire extinguishing equipment required.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    .... Bait wells. 2. Glove compartments. 3. Buoyant flotation material. 4. Open slatted flooring. 5. Ice... approved semiportable fire extinguisher has wheels and is not required by this section, it must be securely...

  19. 46 CFR 25.30-20 - Fire extinguishing equipment required.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    .... Bait wells. 2. Glove compartments. 3. Buoyant flotation material. 4. Open slatted flooring. 5. Ice... approved semiportable fire extinguisher has wheels and is not required by this section, it must be securely...

  20. Development of the International Space Station (ISS) Fine Water Mist (FWM) Portable Fire Extinguisher ICES Abstract

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Clements, Anna L.; Carlile, Christie; Graf, John; Young, Gina

    2011-01-01

    NASA is developing a Fine Water Mist (FWM) Portable Fire Extinguisher (PFE) for use on the International Space Station. The International Space Station presently uses two different types of fire extinguishers: a water foam extinguisher in the Russian Segment, and a carbon dioxide extinguisher in the US Segment and Columbus and Kibo pressurized elements. Changes in emergency breathing equipment make Fine Water Mist operationally preferable. Supplied oxygen breathing systems allow for safe discharge of a carbon dioxide fire extinguisher, without concerns of the crew inhaling unsafe levels of carbon dioxide. But the Portable Breathing Apparatus (PBA) offers no more than 15 minutes of capability, and continued use of hose based supplied oxygen system increases the oxygen content in a fire situation. NASA has developed a filtering respirator cartridge for use in a fire environment. It is qualified to provide up to 90 minutes of capability, and because it is a filtering respirator it does not add oxygen to the environment. The fire response respirator cartridge does not filter carbon dioxide (CO2), so a crew member discharging a CO2 fire extinguisher while wearing this filtering respirator would be at risk of inhaling unsafe levels of CO2. FWM extinguishes a fire without creating a large volume of air with reduced oxygen and elevated CO2. The following paper will discuss the unique functional and performance requirements that have been levied on the FWM PFE. In addition, the NASA ISS specific fire standards will be described which were developed to establish acceptable extinguisher performance. The paper will also discuss the flight hardware design. The fin e water mist fire extinguisher has two major elements: (1) the nozzle and crew interface, and (2) the tank. The nozzle and crew interface have been under development for several years. They have gone through several design iterations, and have been part of more than 400 fire challenge and spray characterizations. The

  1. Fire/security staff member instructs STS-29 crew on fire extinguisher usage

    NASA Image and Video Library

    1988-12-06

    S88-54948 (6 Dec 1988) --- The STS-29 crewmembers are trained in procedures to follow in the event of a fire with their spacecraft. Here, the crew is briefed on correct handling of the fire extinguisher by Robert Fife (far left) of NASA's fire and security staff. Pictured, left to right, are Astronauts John E. Blaha, pilot; Michael L. Coats, mission commander; Robert C. Springer, James F. Buchli and James P. Bagian, mission specialists. The training exercise took place on the northern end of the 1625-acre JSC facility.

  2. Development and testing of dry chemicals in advanced extinguishing systems for jet engine nacelle fires

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Altman, R. L.; Ling, A. C. (Editor); Mayer, L. A.; Myronik, D. J.

    1979-01-01

    The effectiveness of dry chemical in extinguishing and delaying reignition of fires resulting from hydrocarbon fuel leaking onto heated surfaces such as can occur in jet engine nacelles is studied. The commercial fire extinguishant dry chemical tried are sodium and potassium bicarbonate, carbonate, chloride, carbamate (Monnex), metal halogen, and metal hydroxycarbonate compounds. Synthetic and preparative procedures for new materials developed, a new concept of fire control by dry chemical agents, descriptions of experiment assemblages to test dry chemical fire extinguishant efficiencies in controlling fuel fires initiated by hot surfaces, comparative testing data for more than 25 chemical systems in a 'static' assemblage with no air flow across the heated surface, and similar comparative data for more than ten compounds in a dynamic system with air flows up to 350 ft/sec are presented.

  3. 46 CFR 189.25-20 - Fire extinguishing equipment.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... each inspection for certification, periodic inspection, and at such other times as considered necessary... conducted. At each inspection for certification and periodic inspection the inspector shall conduct the... and semiportable fire-extinguishing systems shall be checked as noted in Table 189.25-20(a)(1). In...

  4. 46 CFR 189.25-20 - Fire extinguishing equipment.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... each inspection for certification, periodic inspection, and at such other times as considered necessary... conducted. At each inspection for certification and periodic inspection the inspector shall conduct the... and semiportable fire-extinguishing systems shall be checked as noted in Table 189.25-20(a)(1). In...

  5. 46 CFR 189.25-20 - Fire extinguishing equipment.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... each inspection for certification, periodic inspection, and at such other times as considered necessary... conducted. At each inspection for certification and periodic inspection the inspector shall conduct the... and semiportable fire-extinguishing systems shall be checked as noted in Table 189.25-20(a)(1). In...

  6. 46 CFR 189.25-20 - Fire-extinguishing equipment.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... each inspection for certification, periodic inspection, and at such other times as considered necessary... conducted. At each inspection for certification and periodic inspection the inspector shall conduct the... and semiportable fire-extinguishing systems shall be checked as noted in Table 189.25-20(a)(1). In...

  7. 46 CFR 189.25-20 - Fire-extinguishing equipment.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... each inspection for certification, periodic inspection, and at such other times as considered necessary... conducted. At each inspection for certification and periodic inspection the inspector shall conduct the... and semiportable fire-extinguishing systems shall be checked as noted in Table 189.25-20(a)(1). In...

  8. Self-Extinguishing Lithium Ion Batteries Based on Internally Embedded Fire-Extinguishing Microcapsules with Temperature-Responsiveness.

    PubMed

    Yim, Taeeun; Park, Min-Sik; Woo, Sang-Gil; Kwon, Hyuk-Kwon; Yoo, Jung-Keun; Jung, Yeon Sik; Kim, Ki Jae; Yu, Ji-Sang; Kim, Young-Jun

    2015-08-12

    User safety is one of the most critical issues for the successful implementation of lithium ion batteries (LIBs) in electric vehicles and their further expansion in large-scale energy storage systems. Herein, we propose a novel approach to realize self-extinguishing capability of LIBs for effective safety improvement by integrating temperature-responsive microcapsules containing a fire-extinguishing agent. The microcapsules are designed to release an extinguisher agent upon increased internal temperature of an LIB, resulting in rapid heat absorption through an in situ endothermic reaction and suppression of further temperature rise and undesirable thermal runaway. In a standard nail penetration test, the temperature rise is reduced by 74% without compromising electrochemical performances. It is anticipated that on the strengths of excellent scalability, simplicity, and cost-effectiveness, this novel strategy can be extensively applied to various high energy-density devices to ensure human safety.

  9. Study of Fire Extinguishment of a Replacement Fluid for Use in Transformers in Lieu of Askarel

    DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

    1981-04-01

    A series of tests were performed at the Factory Mutual Test Center 1) to obtain information on the performance of various extinguishing agents used with hand-held fire extinguishers to control fire involving a Midel,a transformer fluid for replacem...

  10. 16 CFR 1500.15 - Labeling of fire extinguishers.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 16 Commercial Practices 2 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Labeling of fire extinguishers. 1500.15 Section 1500.15 Commercial Practices CONSUMER PRODUCT SAFETY COMMISSION FEDERAL HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES ACT...)(1), the signal word “Danger” and the statement of hazard “Poisonous gases formed when used to...

  11. Spacecraft Fire Detection and Extinguishment: A Bibliography

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Jason, Nora H.

    1988-01-01

    Pertinent fire detection and extinguishment references have been identified to further the knowledge of spacecraft fire safety. To broaden the scope of the bibliography, other unusual environments, e.g., aircraft, submarine, ship, have been included. In addition, for a more comprehensive view of the spacecraft fire safety problem, selected subjects are included, e.g., materials flammability, smoke, human behavior. The references will provide the researcher with access to state-of-the-art and historic works. Selected references from the 1960's have been included, but the emphasis is on references published from 1975 to 1987. The references are arranged by very broad categories. Often a paper will cover more than one topic, but for the purposes of this bibliography it will be cited only once.

  12. Radio frequency security system, method for a building facility or the like, and apparatus and methods for remotely monitoring the status of fire extinguishers

    DOEpatents

    Runyon, Larry [Richland, WA; Gunter, Wayne M [Richland, WA; Gilbert, Ronald W [Gilroy, CA

    2006-07-25

    A system for remotely monitoring the status of one or more fire extinguishers includes means for sensing at least one parameter of each of the fire extinguishers; means for selectively transmitting the sensed parameters along with information identifying the fire extinguishers from which the parameters were sensed; and means for receiving the sensed parameters and identifying information for the fire extinguisher or extinguishers at a common location. Other systems and methods for remotely monitoring the status of multiple fire extinguishers are also provided.

  13. Synthesis and characterization of carbon microsphere for extinguishing sodium fire

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Snehalatha, V.; Ponraju, D.; Nashine, B. K.; Chellapandi, P.

    2013-06-01

    In Sodium cooled Fast breeder Reactors (SFRs), accidental leakage of liquid sodium leads to sodium fire. Carbon microsphere is a promising and novel extinguishant for sodium fire since it possesses high thermal conductivity, chemical inertness and excellent flow characteristics. Low density Carbon microsphere (CMS) with high thermal stability was successfully synthesized from functionalized styrene divinyl benzene copolymer by carbonization under inert atmosphere. Protocol for stepwise carbonization was developed by optimizing heating rate and time of heating. The synthesized CMS was characterized by Densimeter, Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Fourier Transfer Infra-Red spectroscopy (FTIR), Thermogravimetry (TG), X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and RAMAN spectroscopy. CMS thus obtained was spherical in shape having diameters ranging between 60 to 80μm with narrow size distribution. The smooth surface of CMS ensures its free flow characteristics. The yield of carbonization process was about 38%. The performance of CMS was tested on small scale sodium. This paper describes the development of carbon microsphere for extinguishing sodium fire and its characteristics.

  14. 46 CFR 193.05-10 - Fixed fire extinguishing systems.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ....05-10 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH... provided for internal combustion engine installations in accordance with the following: (1) Enclosed spaces containing gasoline engines shall have fixed carbon dioxide systems. (2) If a fire extinguishing system is...

  15. 46 CFR 193.05-10 - Fixed fire extinguishing systems.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ....05-10 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH... provided for internal combustion engine installations in accordance with the following: (1) Enclosed spaces containing gasoline engines shall have fixed carbon dioxide systems. (2) If a fire extinguishing system is...

  16. 46 CFR 132.210 - Classification.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 4 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Classification. 132.210 Section 132.210 Shipping COAST... Portable and Semiportable Fire Extinguishers § 132.210 Classification. (a) Each portable fire extinguisher... Classification Type Size Halon 1211, 1301, and 1211-1301 mixtures kgs. (lbs.) Foam, liters (gallons) Carbon...

  17. 46 CFR 132.210 - Classification.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 4 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Classification. 132.210 Section 132.210 Shipping COAST... Portable and Semiportable Fire Extinguishers § 132.210 Classification. (a) Each portable fire extinguisher... Classification Type Size Halon 1211, 1301, and 1211-1301 mixtures kgs. (lbs.) Foam, liters (gallons) Carbon...

  18. 46 CFR 132.210 - Classification.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 4 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Classification. 132.210 Section 132.210 Shipping COAST... Portable and Semiportable Fire Extinguishers § 132.210 Classification. (a) Each portable fire extinguisher... Classification Type Size Halon 1211, 1301, and 1211-1301 mixtures kgs. (lbs.) Foam, liters (gallons) Carbon...

  19. 46 CFR 132.210 - Classification.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 4 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Classification. 132.210 Section 132.210 Shipping COAST... Portable and Semiportable Fire Extinguishers § 132.210 Classification. (a) Each portable fire extinguisher... Classification Type Size Halon 1211, 1301, and 1211-1301 mixtures kgs. (lbs.) Foam, liters (gallons) Carbon...

  20. 46 CFR 132.210 - Classification.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Classification. 132.210 Section 132.210 Shipping COAST... Portable and Semiportable Fire Extinguishers § 132.210 Classification. (a) Each portable fire extinguisher... Classification Type Size Halon 1211, 1301, and 1211-1301 mixtures kgs. (lbs.) Foam, liters (gallons) Carbon...

  1. Fine water spray for fire extinguishing. Phase 2: Turbine hood

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Aune, P.; Wighus, R.; Drangsholt, G.; Stensaas, J. P.

    1994-12-01

    SINTEF has carried out tests of a Fine Water Spray fire suppression system intended to be used as a replacement for Halon systems in turbine hoods on offshore platforms operated by British Petroleum Norway. The tests were carried out in a 70 cu m full scale model representing a turbine hood of the Ula platform in the North Sea. A mock-up of a gas turbine was installed in the model. The scope of work in Phase 2 was to verify the efficiency of fire suppression in realistic fire scenarios using a Fine Water Spray system, and to find an optimum procedure for water application in a fire situation. Two reports have been made from the experiments in Phase 2, one Main Report, STF25 A94036, and the present Technical Report, STF25 A94037. The discussion and conclusions are given in the Main Report while this Technical Report gives a more thorough presentation of the experimental setup and methods used for calibration and calculation of measured values. In addition, a complete set of curves for each experiment is included.

  2. Fire extinguishment in hypobaric and hyperbaric environments

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Kimzey, J. H.

    1971-01-01

    Work that has been performed to provide information on the effects of various fire extinguishing agents in special atmospheres is discussed. Data used in the development of both equipment and techniques for manned spacecraft and related equipment are discussed. The equipment includes a hypobaric chamber suitable for low pressure use and a hyperbaric chamber for high pressure operation. The effectiveness of agents in weightless environment is also discussed.

  3. 75 FR 13646 - Public Meeting With Interested Persons To Discuss the Proposed AC 20-42D, Hand Fire Extinguishers...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-03-22

    ... Systems Fire Protection Working Group (IASFPWG) to draft a revision to the current AC 20-42C, issued on... approved replacement agents for Halon 1211 and establishes an FAA approved minimum performance standard...

  4. Novel approach for extinguishing large-scale coal fires using gas-liquid foams in open pit mines.

    PubMed

    Lu, Xinxiao; Wang, Deming; Qin, Botao; Tian, Fuchao; Shi, Guangyi; Dong, Shuaijun

    2015-12-01

    Coal fires are a serious threat to the workers' security and safe production in open pit mines. The coal fire source is hidden and innumerable, and the large-area cavity is prevalent in the coal seam after the coal burned, causing the conventional extinguishment technology difficult to work. Foams are considered as an efficient means of fire extinguishment in these large-scale workplaces. A noble foam preparation method is introduced, and an original design of cavitation jet device is proposed to add foaming agent stably. The jet cavitation occurs when the water flow rate and pressure ratio reach specified values. Through self-building foaming system, the high performance foams are produced and then infused into the blast drilling holes at a large flow. Without complicated operation, this system is found to be very suitable for extinguishing large-scale coal fires. Field application shows that foam generation adopting the proposed key technology makes a good fire extinguishment effect. The temperature reduction using foams is 6-7 times higher than water, and CO concentration is reduced from 9.43 to 0.092‰ in the drilling hole. The coal fires are controlled successfully in open pit mines, ensuring the normal production as well as the security of personnel and equipment.

  5. Flammability limits of lithium-ion battery thermal runaway vent gas in air and the inerting effects of halon 1301

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Karp, Matthew Eugene

    Lithium-ion (rechargeable) and lithium-metal (non-rechargeable) battery cells put aircraft at risk of igniting and fueling fires. Lithium batteries can be packed in bulk and shipped in the cargo holds of freighter aircraft; currently lithium batteries are banned from bulk shipment on passenger aircraft [1]. The federally regulated Class C cargo compartment extinguishing system's utilization of a 5 %vol Halon 1301 knockdown concentration and a sustained 3 %vol Halon 1301 may not be sufficient at inerting lithium-ion battery vent gas and air mixtures [2]. At 5 %vol Halon 1301 the flammability limits of lithium-ion premixed battery vent gas (Li-Ion pBVG) in air range from 13.80 %vol to 26.07 %vol Li-Ion pBVG. Testing suggests that 8.59 %vol Halon 1301 is required to render all ratios of the Li-Ion pBVG in air inert. The lower flammability limit (LFL) and upper flammability limit (UFL) of hydrogen and air mixtures are 4.95 %vol and 76.52 %vol hydrogen, respectively. With the addition of 10 %vol and 20 %vol Halon 1301 the LFL is 9.02 %vol and 11.55 %vol hydrogen, respectively, and the UFL is 45.70 %vol and 28.39 %vol hydrogen, respectively. The minimum inerting concentration (MIC) of Halon 1301 in hydrogen and air mixtures is 26.72 %vol Halon 1301 at 16.2 %vol hydrogen. The LFL and UFL of Li-Ion pBVG and air mixtures are 7.88 %vol and 37.14 %vol Li-Ion pBVG, respectively. With the addition of 5 %vol, 7 %vol, and 8 %vol Halon 1301 the LFL is 13.80 %vol, 16.15 %vol, and 17.62 % vol Li-Ion pBVG, respectively, and the UFL is 26.07 %vol, 23.31 %vol, and 21.84 %vol Li- Ion pBVG, respectively. The MIC of Halon 1301 in Li-Ion pBVG and air mixtures is 8.59 %vol Halon 1301 at 19.52 %vol Li-Ion pBVG. Le Chatelier's mixing rule has been shown to be an effective measure for estimating the flammability limits of Li-Ion pBVGes. The LFL has a 1.79 % difference while the UFL has a 4.53 % difference. The state of charge (SOC) affects the flammability limits in an apparent parabolic

  6. Use of Video Modeling to Teach Extinguishing of Cooking Related Fires to Individuals with Moderate Intellectual Disabilities

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Mechling, Linda C.; Gast, David L.; Gustafson, Melissa R.

    2009-01-01

    This study evaluated the effectiveness of video modeling to teach fire extinguishing behaviors to three young adults with moderate intellectual disabilities. A multiple probe design across three fire extinguishing behaviors and replicated across three students was used to evaluate the effectiveness of the video-based program. Results indicate that…

  7. 33 CFR 149.413 - On a manned deepwater port, what spaces require a fixed fire extinguishing system?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... capacity of more than 200 cubic feet, and similar spaces containing flammable liquids. (b) Galley ranges or... spaces require a fixed fire extinguishing system? 149.413 Section 149.413 Navigation and Navigable Waters... manned deepwater port, what spaces require a fixed fire extinguishing system? The manned deepwater port...

  8. 33 CFR 149.413 - On a manned deepwater port, what spaces require a fixed fire extinguishing system?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... capacity of more than 200 cubic feet, and similar spaces containing flammable liquids. (b) Galley ranges or... spaces require a fixed fire extinguishing system? 149.413 Section 149.413 Navigation and Navigable Waters... manned deepwater port, what spaces require a fixed fire extinguishing system? The manned deepwater port...

  9. 33 CFR 149.413 - On a manned deepwater port, what spaces require a fixed fire extinguishing system?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... capacity of more than 200 cubic feet, and similar spaces containing flammable liquids. (b) Galley ranges or... spaces require a fixed fire extinguishing system? 149.413 Section 149.413 Navigation and Navigable Waters... manned deepwater port, what spaces require a fixed fire extinguishing system? The manned deepwater port...

  10. 33 CFR 149.413 - On a manned deepwater port, what spaces require a fixed fire extinguishing system?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... capacity of more than 200 cubic feet, and similar spaces containing flammable liquids. (b) Galley ranges or... spaces require a fixed fire extinguishing system? 149.413 Section 149.413 Navigation and Navigable Waters... manned deepwater port, what spaces require a fixed fire extinguishing system? The manned deepwater port...

  11. 33 CFR 149.413 - On a manned deepwater port, what spaces require a fixed fire extinguishing system?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... capacity of more than 200 cubic feet, and similar spaces containing flammable liquids. (b) Galley ranges or... spaces require a fixed fire extinguishing system? 149.413 Section 149.413 Navigation and Navigable Waters... manned deepwater port, what spaces require a fixed fire extinguishing system? The manned deepwater port...

  12. 30 CFR Appendix I to Subpart C of... - National Consensus Standards

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ....4201 NFPA No. 10—Portable Fire Extinguisher. NFPA No. 11—Low Expansion Foam and Combined Agent Systems.... 12A—Halon 1301 Extinguishing Systems. NFPA No. 13—Water Sprinkler Systems. NFPA No. 14—Standpipe and... AND NONMETAL MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH SAFETY AND HEALTH STANDARDS-SURFACE METAL AND NONMETAL MINES Fire...

  13. 30 CFR Appendix I to Subpart C of... - National Consensus Standards

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ....4201 NFPA No. 10—Portable Fire Extinguisher. NFPA No. 11—Low Expansion Foam and Combined Agent Systems.... 12A—Halon 1301 Extinguishing Systems. NFPA No. 13—Water Sprinkler Systems. NFPA No. 14—Standpipe and... AND NONMETAL MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH SAFETY AND HEALTH STANDARDS-SURFACE METAL AND NONMETAL MINES Fire...

  14. 30 CFR Appendix I to Subpart C of... - National Consensus Standards

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ....4201 NFPA No. 10—Portable Fire Extinguisher. NFPA No. 11—Low Expansion Foam and Combined Agent Systems.... 12A—Halon 1301 Extinguishing Systems. NFPA No. 13—Water Sprinkler Systems. NFPA No. 14—Standpipe and... AND NONMETAL MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH SAFETY AND HEALTH STANDARDS-SURFACE METAL AND NONMETAL MINES Fire...

  15. 30 CFR Appendix I to Subpart C of... - National Consensus Standards

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ....4201 NFPA No. 10—Portable Fire Extinguisher. NFPA No. 11—Low Expansion Foam and Combined Agent Systems.... 12A—Halon 1301 Extinguishing Systems. NFPA No. 13—Water Sprinkler Systems. NFPA No. 14—Standpipe and... AND NONMETAL MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH SAFETY AND HEALTH STANDARDS-SURFACE METAL AND NONMETAL MINES Fire...

  16. 30 CFR Appendix I to Subpart C of... - National Consensus Standards

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... Dioxide Extinguishing Systems. NFPA No. 12A—Halon 1301 Extinguishing Systems. NFPA No. 13—Water Sprinkler.... § 57.4261 NFPA No. 14—Standpipe and Hose Systems. § 57.4533 NFPA Fire Protection Handbook. § 57.4560... Fire Prevention and Control Pt. 57, Subpt. C., App. I Appendix I to Subpart C of Part 57—National...

  17. 30 CFR Appendix I to Subpart C of... - National Consensus Standards

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... Dioxide Extinguishing Systems. NFPA No. 12A—Halon 1301 Extinguishing Systems. NFPA No. 13—Water Sprinkler.... § 57.4261 NFPA No. 14—Standpipe and Hose Systems. § 57.4533 NFPA Fire Protection Handbook. § 57.4560... Fire Prevention and Control Pt. 57, Subpt. C., App. I Appendix I to Subpart C of Part 57—National...

  18. 30 CFR Appendix I to Subpart C of... - National Consensus Standards

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... Dioxide Extinguishing Systems. NFPA No. 12A—Halon 1301 Extinguishing Systems. NFPA No. 13—Water Sprinkler.... § 57.4261 NFPA No. 14—Standpipe and Hose Systems. § 57.4533 NFPA Fire Protection Handbook. § 57.4560... Fire Prevention and Control Pt. 57, Subpt. C., App. I Appendix I to Subpart C of Part 57—National...

  19. 30 CFR Appendix I to Subpart C of... - National Consensus Standards

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... Dioxide Extinguishing Systems. NFPA No. 12A—Halon 1301 Extinguishing Systems. NFPA No. 13—Water Sprinkler.... § 57.4261 NFPA No. 14—Standpipe and Hose Systems. § 57.4533 NFPA Fire Protection Handbook. § 57.4560... Fire Prevention and Control Pt. 57, Subpt. C., App. I Appendix I to Subpart C of Part 57—National...

  20. Initial Fire Suppression Reactions of Halons Phase 1. Development of Experimental Approach

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1990-09-01

    Engineering News, pp. 22-46, August 31, 1987. Mitani, T., " Flame Retardant Effects of CF 3Br and NaHCO 3 Combustion and Flame , Vol. 50, pp. 177-188, 1983...occurring when halons enter flame fronts are unclear. It is these initial reactions, however, that determine differences in halon performance, the effect of...LABORATORY FLAMES Over the past four decades, numerous tests have been performed in an effort to characterize the relative effectiveness of candidate

  1. Study of smoke detection and fire extinguishment for rail transit vehicles.

    DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

    1983-08-31

    This document presents the results of a study to determine the feasibility and cost effectiveness of the use of heat/smoke/fire sensors and automatic extinguishing systems in rail transit vehicles. Work presented includes: a survey of major rail tran...

  2. 1. TERMINAL ROOM, INTERIOR, SHOP LEVEL, SHOWING FIRE EXTINGUISHING SYSTEM ...

    Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

    1. TERMINAL ROOM, INTERIOR, SHOP LEVEL, SHOWING FIRE EXTINGUISHING SYSTEM PIPES AND VALVES AT LEFT. Looking southeast from entrance to terminal room. - Edwards Air Force Base, Air Force Rocket Propulsion Laboratory, Test Stand 1-A Terminal Room, Test Area 1-120, north end of Jupiter Boulevard, Boron, Kern County, CA

  3. Kinetic studies of halon replacements.

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Orkin, Vladimir L.

    2013-04-01

    Despite their excellence as fire suppressants, the production of halons (bromofluorocarbons) is being phased out because of the danger they pose to the Earth's stratospheric ozone layer. A number of bromine free substances have been proposed and tested, but the effort to find replacements continues to return to bromine-containing compounds because of the properties of bromine as a chemically active flame suppressant. The primary approach to this problem has been to test candidate replacement compounds that have short atmospheric lifetimes or/and lack bromine, the halogen atoms that catalyze ozone destruction. Various chemical classes (alkanes, ethers, alkenes) have been studied both earlier and recently. The reaction with atmospheric hydroxyl radicals dictates the residence time and accumulation in the atmosphere of all potential halon replacements. Therefore, we improved a flash photolysis - resonance fluorescence apparatus to provide the most accurate OH reaction rate constants measured over the atmospheric temperatures. Supplementary UV absorption spectra were measured to allow the estimation of ODPs. Although a thorough 3-D modeling is required to assess ODPs, the simplified estimations can be made based on the compounds lifetimes.

  4. 30 CFR 57.4600 - Extinguishing equipment.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ..., cutting, soldering, thawing, or bending— (1) With an electric arc or with an open flame where an... extinguisher or other extinguisher with at least a 2-A:10-B:C rating shall be at the worksite. (2) With an open... equivalent fire extinguishing equipment for the class of fire hazard present shall be at the worksite. (b...

  5. 30 CFR 56.4600 - Extinguishing equipment.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ..., soldering, thawing, or bending— (1) With an electric arc or with an open flame where an electrically... extinguisher or other extinguisher with at least a 2-A:10-B:C rating shall be at the worksite. (2) With an open... equivalent fire extinguishing equipment for the class of fire hazard present shall be at the worksite. (b...

  6. 75 FR 20516 - Special Conditions: Cirrus Design Corporation, Model SF50; Fire Extinguishing for Upper Aft...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-04-20

    ...; Special Conditions No. 23-245-SC] Special Conditions: Cirrus Design Corporation, Model SF50; Fire... protect such installed engines from fires, were not envisioned in the development of the part 23 normal... condition for the fire extinguishing system for the engine on the model SF50 is required. Regulations...

  7. Development of a Minimum Performance Standard for Lavatory Trash Receptacle Automatic Fire Extinguishers

    DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

    1997-02-01

    This report contains a summary of the work performed during the development of a minimum performance standard for lavatory trash receptacle automatic fire extinguishers. The developmental work was performed under the direction of the International Ha...

  8. Potential production of palm oil-based foaming agent as fire extinguisher of peatlands in Indonesia: Literature review

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Subekti, P.; Hambali, E.; Suryani, A.; Suryadarma, P.

    2017-05-01

    This study aims to analyze the potential aplication of of palm oil-based foaming agent as peat fires fighter in Indonesia. From literature review, it has been known that the foaming agent able to form foam to extinguish fire, wrap and refrigerate the burning peat. It is necessary to develop the production and application of foaming agent in Indonesia because peat fires occur almost every year that caused smoke haze. Potential raw material for the production of environmental friendly foaming agent as foam extinguishing for peat fires in Indonesia aong other is palm oil due to abundant availability, sustainable, and foam product easily degraded in the environment of the burnt areas. Production of foaming agent as fire-fighting in Indonesia is one alternative to reduce the time to control the fire and smog disaster impact. Application of palm oil as a raw material for fire-fighting is contribute to increase the value added and the development of palm oil downstream industry.

  9. Formulation and performance test of palm-based foaming agent concentrate for fire extinguisher application

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Rivai, M.; Hambali, E.; Suryani, A.; Fitria, R.; Firmansyah, S.; Pramuhadi, G.

    2018-03-01

    The utilization of foaming agent for fire extinguisher application improves the efficiency of water as a fire extinguishing agent, lowers surface tension, and acts as a foaming agent. The formed foam cools the fire down and covers the burned material to avoid it from further contact with oxygen which may reignite the fire. This study aimed to produce and assess the performance of foaming agent concentrate from palm oil as a fire extinguisher agent. In the performance test, measurements were taken on foam stability, foaming ability, surface tension, interfacial tension, viscosity, contact angle, density, and specific gravity. The formulation was conducted by using the best produced potassium palmitate, potassium methyl ester, and sodium lauric combined with diluents, chelating agent, and other additives at various composition comparisons. The produced foaming agent concentrate was found to be in a rather paste and liquid form with viscosity of 2.34 – 253 cP. It was also found that the resulted foaming agent concentrate dissolved in water at the concentration rate of 1% had a foam stability level of 30-91%, foaming ability of 288 – 503%, surface tension of 19.68 – 25.05 dyne/cm, interfacial tension of 0.54 – 4,20 dyne/cm, viscosity of 1.00 – 1.05 cP, contact angles of 53.75 – 63.79° at 0 minute and 11.84 – 22.42 ° at minute 10, density of 0.99586 – 0.99612 g/cm3, and a specific gravity of 1.00021 – 1.00046. Based on foam stability, foaming ability, and surface tension parameters, it was concluded that NF5 and NF17 were the best formulas.Compared to the other formulas, NF5 formula had the best droplet diameter (minimum 0.14 mm) and droplet density (maximum 3056 droplets/cm2).

  10. Manual fire suppression methods on typical machinery space spray fires

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Carhart, H. W.; Leonard, J. T.; Budnick, E. K.; Ouellette, R. J.; Shanley, J. H., Jr.

    1990-07-01

    A series of tests was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of Aqueous Film Forming Foam (AFFF), potassium bicarbonate powder (PKP) and Halon 1211, alone and in various combinations, in extinguishing spray fires. The sprays were generated by JP-5 jet fuel issuing from an open sounding tube, and open petcock, a leaking flange or a slit pipe, and contacting an ignition source. The results indicate that typical fuel spray fires, such as those simulated in this series, are very severe. Flame heights ranged from 6.1 m (20 ft) for the split pipe to 15.2 m (50 ft) for the sounding tube scenario. These large flame geometries were accompanied by heat release rates of 6 MW to greater than 50 MW, and hazardous thermal radiation levels in the near field environment, up to 9.1 m (30 ft) away. Successful suppression of these fires requires both a significant reduction in flame radiation and delivery of a suppression agent to shielded areas. Of the nine suppression methods tested, the 95 gpm AFFF hand line and the hand line in conjunction with PKP were particularly effective in reducing the radiant flux.

  11. 46 CFR 108.496 - Semiportable fire extinguishers.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... extinguisher required by Table 108.495(a), except a wheeled size V extinguisher provided for a helicopter... rolling out of control under heavy sea conditions: (1) Each size V extinguisher required for a helicopter...

  12. 46 CFR 108.496 - Semiportable fire extinguishers.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... extinguisher required by Table 108.495(a), except a wheeled size V extinguisher provided for a helicopter... rolling out of control under heavy sea conditions: (1) Each size V extinguisher required for a helicopter...

  13. 46 CFR 108.496 - Semiportable fire extinguishers.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... extinguisher required by Table 108.495(a), except a wheeled size V extinguisher provided for a helicopter... rolling out of control under heavy sea conditions: (1) Each size V extinguisher required for a helicopter...

  14. 46 CFR 108.496 - Semiportable fire extinguishers.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... extinguisher required by Table 108.495(a), except a wheeled size V extinguisher provided for a helicopter... rolling out of control under heavy sea conditions: (1) Each size V extinguisher required for a helicopter...

  15. 46 CFR 108.496 - Semiportable fire extinguishers.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... extinguisher required by Table 108.495(a), except a wheeled size V extinguisher provided for a helicopter... rolling out of control under heavy sea conditions: (1) Each size V extinguisher required for a helicopter...

  16. Fire-Retardant, Self-Extinguishing Inorganic/Polymer Composite Memory Foams.

    PubMed

    Chatterjee, Soumyajyoti; Shanmuganathan, Kadhiravan; Kumaraswamy, Guruswamy

    2017-12-27

    Polymeric foams used in furniture and automotive and aircraft seating applications rely on the incorporation of environmentally hazardous fire-retardant additives to meet fire safety norms. This has occasioned significant interest in novel approaches to the elimination of fire-retardant additives. Foams based on polymer nanocomposites or based on fire-retardant coatings show compromised mechanical performance and require additional processing steps. Here, we demonstrate a one-step preparation of a fire-retardant ice-templated inorganic/polymer hybrid that does not incorporate fire-retardant additives. The hybrid foams exhibit excellent mechanical properties. They are elastic to large compressional strain, despite the high inorganic content. They also exhibit tunable mechanical recovery, including viscoelastic "memory". These hybrid foams are prepared using ice-templating that relies on a green solvent, water, as a porogen. Because these foams are predominantly comprised of inorganic components, they exhibit exceptional fire retardance in torch burn tests and are self-extinguishing. After being subjected to a flame, the foam retains its porous structure and does not drip or collapse. In micro-combustion calorimetry, the hybrid foams show a peak heat release rate that is only 25% that of a commercial fire-retardant polyurethanes. Finally, we demonstrate that we can use ice-templating to prepare hybrid foams with different inorganic colloids, including cheap commercial materials. We also demonstrate that ice-templating is amenable to scale up, without loss of mechanical performance or fire-retardant properties.

  17. Fire-extinguishing organic electrolytes for safe batteries

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Wang, Jianhui; Yamada, Yuki; Sodeyama, Keitaro; Watanabe, Eriko; Takada, Koji; Tateyama, Yoshitaka; Yamada, Atsuo

    2018-01-01

    Severe safety concerns are impeding the large-scale employment of lithium/sodium batteries. Conventional electrolytes are highly flammable and volatile, which may cause catastrophic fires or explosions. Efforts to introduce flame-retardant solvents into the electrolytes have generally resulted in compromised battery performance because those solvents do not suitably passivate carbonaceous anodes. Here we report a salt-concentrated electrolyte design to resolve this dilemma via the spontaneous formation of a robust inorganic passivation film on the anode. We demonstrate that a concentrated electrolyte using a salt and a popular flame-retardant solvent (trimethyl phosphate), without any additives or soft binders, allows stable charge-discharge cycling of both hard-carbon and graphite anodes for more than 1,000 cycles (over one year) with negligible degradation; this performance is comparable or superior to that of conventional flammable carbonate electrolytes. The unusual passivation character of the concentrated electrolyte coupled with its fire-extinguishing property contributes to developing safe and long-lasting batteries, unlocking the limit toward development of much higher energy-density batteries.

  18. Zero Gravity Aircraft Testing of a Prototype Portable Fire Extinguisher for Use in Spacecraft

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Butz, J.; Carriere, T.; Abbud-Madrid, A.; Easton, J.

    2012-01-01

    For the past five years ADA Technologies has been developing a portable fire extinguisher (PFE) for use in microgravity environments. This technology uses fine water mist (FWM) to effectively and efficiently extinguish fires representative of spacecraft hazards. Recently the FWM PFE was flown on a Zero-G (reduced gravity) aircraft to validate the performance of the technology in a microgravity environment. Test results demonstrated that droplet size distributions generated in the reduced gravity environment were in the same size range as data collected during normal gravity (1-g) discharges from the prototype PFE. Data taken in an obscured test configuration showed that the mist behind the obstacle was more dense in the low-g environment when compared to 1-g discharges. The mist behind the obstacle tended to smaller droplet sizes in both the low-g and 1-g test conditions.

  19. 29 CFR 1910.157 - Portable fire extinguishers.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... extinguisher to rupture the cartridge or to initiate an uncontrollable pressure generating chemical reaction to... stored pressure dry chemical extinguishers that require a 12-year hydrostatic test are emptied and subjected to applicable maintenance procedures every 6 years. Dry chemical extinguishers having non...

  20. 29 CFR 1910.157 - Portable fire extinguishers.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... extinguisher to rupture the cartridge or to initiate an uncontrollable pressure generating chemical reaction to... stored pressure dry chemical extinguishers that require a 12-year hydrostatic test are emptied and subjected to applicable maintenance procedures every 6 years. Dry chemical extinguishers having non...

  1. 29 CFR 1910.157 - Portable fire extinguishers.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... extinguisher to rupture the cartridge or to initiate an uncontrollable pressure generating chemical reaction to... stored pressure dry chemical extinguishers that require a 12-year hydrostatic test are emptied and subjected to applicable maintenance procedures every 6 years. Dry chemical extinguishers having non...

  2. 29 CFR 1910.157 - Portable fire extinguishers.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... extinguisher to rupture the cartridge or to initiate an uncontrollable pressure generating chemical reaction to... stored pressure dry chemical extinguishers that require a 12-year hydrostatic test are emptied and subjected to applicable maintenance procedures every 6 years. Dry chemical extinguishers having non...

  3. Further studies of fuels from alternate sources - fire extinguishment experiments with JP-5 jet turbine fuel derived from shale. Final report

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Hazlett, R.N.; Affens, W.A.; McLaren, G.W.

    1978-05-01

    Fire extinguishment experiments with JP-5 jet fuels derived from shale crude oil and also from petroleum (for comparison) were conducted at NRL's Chesapeake Bay facility. The experiments were conducted in a 40-foot diameter circular pool using Aqueous Film Forming Foam (AFFF) as the fire extinguishing agent. The results with both types of fuel were similar, and it was concluded that the techniques and agents for AFFF application, which have been developed for petroleum fuel fires, can also be used for shale derived jet fuel.

  4. Fire Extinguishing Agents, Aqueous Film Forming Foam (AFFF) Liquid Concentration Partial Percentage

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1989-08-31

    AFFF concentrations. aqueous film forming foam , AFFF , firefighting ...Extinguishing Agents, Aqueous Film Forming Foam ( AFFF ) Liquid Concentration Partial Percentage F08637-88-C-0067 06022104F 2104 30 21043034 Applied Research...objective of this test series was to qualify 3/4 and 1 percent Aqueous Film Forming Foam ( AFFF ) concentrate for use in Air Force fire fighting

  5. Space Experiment Concepts: Cup-Burner Flame Extinguishment

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Takahashi, Fumiaki

    2004-01-01

    Space Fire Suppression Processes & Technology. Space experiment concepts of cup-burner flame extinguishment have been conceived to address to the key issues (i.e., organizing questions) in space fire suppression. Cup-burner flame extinguishment experiment can reveal physical and chemical suppression processes and provide agent effectiveness data useful for technology development of space fire suppression systems in various reduced-gravity platforms.

  6. 75 FR 48728 - The Hydrostatic Testing Provision of the Portable Fire Extinguishers Standard; Extension of the...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-08-11

    ... Hydrostatic Testing Provision of the Portable Fire Extinguishers Standard; Extension of the Office of... the information collection requirements contained in the Hydrostatic Testing provision of the Portable... 48729

  7. 78 FR 74167 - Portable Fire Extinguishers (Annual Maintenance Certification Record); Extension of the Office of...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-12-10

    ...] Portable Fire Extinguishers (Annual Maintenance Certification Record); Extension of the Office of Management and Budget's (OMB) Approval of the Information Collection (Paperwork) Requirements AGENCY... solicits public comments concerning its proposal to extend the Office of Management and Budget's (OMB...

  8. 75 FR 52034 - Portable Fire Extinguishers (Annual Maintenance Certification Record); Extension of the Office of...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-08-24

    ...] Portable Fire Extinguishers (Annual Maintenance Certification Record); Extension of the Office of Management and Budget's (OMB) Approval of the Information Collection (Paperwork) Requirements AGENCY... solicits comments concerning its proposal to extend the Office of Management and Budget's (OMB) approval of...

  9. Halon-1301, a new Groundwater Age Tracer

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Beyer, Monique; van der Raaij, Rob; Morgenstern, Uwe; Jackson, Bethanna

    2015-04-01

    Groundwater dating is an important tool to assess groundwater resources in regards to direction and time scale of groundwater flow and recharge and to assess contamination risks and manage remediation. To infer groundwater age information, a combination of different environmental tracers, such as tritium and SF6, are commonly used. However ambiguous age interpretations are often faced, due to a limited set of available tracers and limitations of each tracer method when applied alone. There is a need for additional, complementary groundwater age tracers. We recently discovered that Halon-1301, a water soluble and entirely anthropogenic gaseous substance, may be a promising candidate [Beyer et al, 2014]. Halon-1301 can be determined along with SF6, SF5CF3 and CFC-12 in groundwater using a gas chromatography setup with attached electron capture detector developed by Busenberg and Plummer [2008]. Halon-1301 has not been assessed in groundwater. This study assesses the behaviour of Halon-1301 in water and its suitability as a groundwater age tracer. We determined Halon-1301 in 17 groundwater and various modern (river) waters sites located in 3 different groundwater systems in the Wellington Region, New Zealand. These waters have been previously dated with tritium, CFC-12, CFC-11 and SF6 with mean residence times ranging from 0.5 to over 100 years. The waters range from oxic to anoxic and some show evidence of CFC contamination or degradation. This allows us to assess the different properties affecting the suitability of Halon-1301 as groundwater age tracer, such as its conservativeness in water and local contamination potential. The samples are analysed for Halon-1301 and SF6simultaneously, which allows identification of issues commonly faced when using gaseous tracers such as contamination with modern air during sampling. Overall we found in the assessed groundwater samples Halon-1301 is a feasible new groundwater tracer. No sample indicated significantly elevated

  10. Impacts: NIST Building and Fire Research Laboratory (technical and societal)

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Raufaste, N. J.

    1993-08-01

    The Building and Fire Research Laboratory (BFRL) of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) is dedicated to the life cycle quality of constructed facilities. The report describes major effects of BFRL's program on building and fire research. Contents of the document include: structural reliability; nondestructive testing of concrete; structural failure investigations; seismic design and construction standards; rehabilitation codes and standards; alternative refrigerants research; HVAC simulation models; thermal insulation; residential equipment energy efficiency; residential plumbing standards; computer image evaluation of building materials; corrosion-protection for reinforcing steel; prediction of the service lives of building materials; quality of construction materials laboratory testing; roofing standards; simulating fires with computers; fire safety evaluation system; fire investigations; soot formation and evolution; cone calorimeter development; smoke detector standards; standard for the flammability of children's sleepwear; smoldering insulation fires; wood heating safety research; in-place testing of concrete; communication protocols for building automation and control systems; computer simulation of the properties of concrete and other porous materials; cigarette-induced furniture fires; carbon monoxide formation in enclosure fires; halon alternative fire extinguishing agents; turbulent mixing research; materials fire research; furniture flammability testing; standard for the cigarette ignition resistance of mattresses; support of navy firefighter trainer program; and using fire to clean up oil spills.

  11. Fire extinguishing apparatus having a slidable mass for a penetrator nozzle. [for penetrating aircraft and shuttle orbiter skin

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Gray, N. C.; Senseny, R. M.; Bolton, P. N.

    1980-01-01

    A fire extinguishing apparatus for delivering an extinguishing agent through a tarrier surrounding a structure into its interior includes an elongated tubular nozzle body which has a pointed penetrating head carried on one end of the tubular body. A source of extinguishing agent coupled to the opposite end of the tubular body is fed through and passes through passages adjacent the head for delivering the extinguishing agent to the interior of the structure. A slidable mass is carried on the tubular body on a remote end of the tubular body from the penetrating head. By manipulating the slidable mass and bringing such in contact with an abutment the force imparted to the tubular body causes the head to penetrate the structure.

  12. Health effects of Halon 1301 exposure

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Holness, D.L.; House, R.A.

    1992-07-01

    An accidental discharge of a Halon 1301 system is reported. Thirty-one workers were assessed, 22 who were present at the time of the discharge, and 9 who worked the next shift. The incident was complicated by a small Freon-22 leak several hours later. Throat, eye, and nasal irritation and lightheadedness were reported by the majority of workers. Workers present during the halon discharge reported significantly more lightheadedness, headache, voice change, cough, and a fast heartbeat than did those who worked the later shift. These differences were significant even after correcting for confounding factors such as age, sex, and sense ofmore » anxiety at the time of the incident. The possible causes for the irritant symptoms include breakdown products of Halon 1301 and Freon-22 or contaminants from the halon discharge system. Although these irritant effects may not be an effect of Halon 1301 alone, they may occur in these discharge situations, and workers should be advised of this possibility. The possible cardiac and central nervous system effects also should be considered. The importance of a clear-cut protocol to deal with such incidents as well as worker education are discussed.« less

  13. 76 FR 73483 - Airworthiness Directives; Gulfstream Aerospace Corporation Model GV and GV-SP Airplanes

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-11-29

    ...-fragment impact zone. This AD requires inspecting to determine whether a third Halon fire extinguisher bottle is installed in the auxiliary power unit (APU) fragment impact zone, revising the limitations... auxiliary power unit (APU) fragment impact zone, revising the limitations section of the airplane flight...

  14. Comparison of Carbon Dioxide and Helium as Fire Extinguishing Agents for Spacecraft

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Gokoglu, Suleyman; Son, Youngjin; Ronney, Paul D.

    2004-01-01

    The effects of radiation heat transfer in microgravity compared to convection heat transfer in earth gravity for opposed-flow (downward) over thermally-thick fuel using low density foam fuel were investigated. Microgravity experiments on flame spread over thermally-thick fuels were conducted using foam fuels to obtain low density and thermal conductivity, and thus large flame spread rate compared to dense fuels such as PMMA. And thereby valid microgravity results were obtained even in 2.2 second drop-tower experiments not to mention for the longer duration tests in Zero Gravity Facility. Contrast to the conventional understanding, it was found that steady flame spread can occur over thick fuels in quiescent microgravity environments, especially when radiatively-active diluent gases such as CO2 were employed. This is proposed to result from radiative heat transfer from the flame to the fuel surface, which could lead to steady spread even when the amount of the heat transfer via conduction from the flame to the fuel bed is negligible. Radiative effects are more significant at microgravity conditions because the flame is thicker and thus the volume of radiating combustion products is larger as well. These results suggested that helium may be a better inert or extinguishment agent on both a mass and a mole bases at microgravity even though CO2 is much better on a mole bases at earth gravity, and these are relevant to studies of fire safety in manned spacecraft, particularly the International Space Station that uses CO2 fire extinguishers. CO2 may not be as effective as an extinguishing agent at microgravity as it is at earth gravity in some conditions because of the differences in spread mechanisms between the two cases. In particular, the difference between conduction-dominated heat transport to the fuel bed at earth gravity and radiation-dominated heat transport at microgravity indicates that radiatively-inert diluent such as helium could be preferable in

  15. Comparison of Carbon Dioxide and Helium as Fire Extinguishing Agents for Spacecraft

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Gokoglu, Suleyman; Son, Youngjin; Ronney, Paul D.

    2004-01-01

    The effects of radiation heat transfer in microgravity compared to convection heat transfer in earth gravity for opposed-flow (downward) over thermally-thick fuel using low density foam fuel were investigated. Microgravity experiments on flame spread over thermally-thick fuels were conducted using foam fuels to obtain low density and thermal conductivity, and thus large flame spread rate compared to dense fuels such as PMMA. And thereby valid microgravity results were obtained even in 2.2 second drop-tower experiments not to mention for the longer duration tests in Zero Gravity Facility. Contrast to the conventional understanding, it was found that steady flame spread can occur over thick fuels in quiescent microgravity environments, especially when radiatively-active diluent gases such as CO2 were employed. This is proposed to result from radiative heat transfer from the flame to the fuel surface, which could lead to steady spread even when the amount of the heat transfer via conduction from the flame to the fuel bed is negligible. Radiative effects are more significant at microgravity conditions because the flame is thicker and thus the volume of radiating combustion products is larger as well. These results suggested that helium may be a better inert or extinguishment agent on both a mass and a mole bases at microgravity even though CO2 is much better on a mole bases at earth gravity, and these are relevant to studies of fire safety in manned spacecraft, particularly the International Space Station that uses CO2 fire extinguishers. CO2 may not be as effective as an extinguishing agent at g as it is at earth gravity in some conditions because of the differences in spread mechanisms between the two cases. In particular, the difference between conduction-dominated heat transport to the fuel bed at earth gravity and radiation-dominated heat transport at g indicates that radiatively-inert diluent such as helium could be preferable in g applications. Helium may be a

  16. Review of Portable, Manually Operated, and Non-Total Flooding Fire Extinguishing Technologies for Use on Naval Vessels

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2011-12-01

    Corrosion problems arising from the use of perfluoro-or hydrofluorocarbon agents have been investigated and are of concern. The concern centers on the...which was formerly known as Powdered Aerosol B, can be used on Class A, Class B, and Class C fires. These agents are a blend of several halocarbons...Canada Review of Portable, Manually Operated, and Non-Total Flooding Fire Extinguishing Technologies for Use on Naval Vessels Contract Project Manager

  17. 78 FR 70324 - Thy Hydrostatic Testing Provision of the Portable Fire Extinguishers Standard; Extension of the...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-11-25

    ..., as well as how they use it. Test Records (Sec. 1910.157(f)(16)) Paragraph (f)(16) requires employers... performed the test, and the serial number (or other identifier) of the fire extinguisher that was tested. Disclosure of Test Certification Records The certification record must be available to the Assistant...

  18. The Effect of Extinguishing Agents on Burning Sonobuoys Containing Lithium-Sulfur Dioxide Batteries

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1989-09-01

    components and the JP-5. In addition, the types of extinguish- ment materials, such as carbor spheres, that have some degree of success on metal fires , would...NWC TP 6571, publication UNCLASSIFIED.) 8. John F. Riley. "Na-X, a New Fire Extinguishing Agent for Metal Fires ," Fire Technology, Vol. 10, No. 4

  19. 30 CFR 57.4600 - Extinguishing equipment.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ....4600 Mineral Resources MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR METAL AND NONMETAL MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH SAFETY AND HEALTH STANDARDS-UNDERGROUND METAL AND NONMETAL MINES Fire Prevention... electrically conductive extinguishing agent could create an electrical hazard, a multipurpose dry-chemical fire...

  20. 30 CFR 56.4600 - Extinguishing equipment.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ....4600 Mineral Resources MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR METAL AND NONMETAL MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH SAFETY AND HEALTH STANDARDS-SURFACE METAL AND NONMETAL MINES Fire Prevention and... conductive extinguishing agent could create an electrical hazard, a multipurpose dry-chemical fire...

  1. Possibility of increasing the fire-suppression efficiency of the foam in automatic extinguishing installations

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Kachanov, I. V.; Veremenyuk, V. V.; Karpenchuk, I. V.; Pavlyukov, S. Yu.

    2013-05-01

    The mechanics of movement of a liquid in the diffuser of the injector of an automatic extinguishing installation with preaeration of the fire-fighting substance was theoretically investigated. An integral solution of the equation for movement of the preaerated fire-fighting gas-liquid mixture in the indicated diffuser has been obtained. A mathematical model of two-phase liquid flow in this diffuser, which allows one to calculate the distribution of the average pressure in the diffuser along its length and to determine the loss in this pressure, has been developed. This model can be used for designing the output region of a hydraulic system with a hydrodynamic drag providing the operation of its injector in a definite regime.

  2. Determination of Survivable Fires

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Dietrich, D. L.; Niehaus, J. E.; Ruff, G. A.; Urban, D. L.; Takahashi, F.; Easton, J. W.; Abbott, A. A.; Graf, J. C.

    2012-01-01

    At NASA, there exists no standardized design or testing protocol for spacecraft fire suppression systems (either handheld or total flooding designs). An extinguisher's efficacy in safely suppressing any reasonable or conceivable fire is the primary benchmark. That concept, however, leads to the question of what a reasonable or conceivable fire is. While there exists the temptation to over-size' the fire extinguisher, weight and volume considerations on spacecraft will always (justifiably) push for the minimum size extinguisher required. This paper attempts to address the question of extinguisher size by examining how large a fire a crew member could successfully survive and extinguish in the confines of a spacecraft. The hazards to the crew and equipment during an accidental fire include excessive pressure rise resulting in a catastrophic rupture of the vehicle skin, excessive temperatures that burn or incapacitate the crew (due to hyperthermia), carbon dioxide build-up or other accumulation of other combustion products (e.g. carbon monoxide). Estimates of these quantities are determined as a function of fire size and mass of material burned. This then becomes the basis for determining the maximum size of a target fire for future fire extinguisher testing.

  3. Study of toxicological evaluation of fire suppressants and extinguishers

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    1975-01-01

    The application of fluorocarbons as possible candidates for fire extinguishers and/or suppressants in confined spaces (such as spacecraft, aircraft, or submarines) was investigated, with special emphasis on their safety to man since they would be inhaled on an almost continuous basis. Short-term exposure experiments, using various animal species, were devised to look at specific parameters in order to determine which of the candidate compounds were sufficiently non-toxic to warrant long-term investigations. The following physiologic criteria were examined; tissue distribution, fluoride concentration, effect on mitochondria, microsomes, liposomes, and liver cell nuclei, erythrocyte fragility, clinical chemistry values, hematology, pathology, cardiac sensitization, behavioral effects. Various rodent species were used for initial investigations, with non-human primate exposures for Freon 116 which was warranted for negative results on rodents. Various types of exposure chambers were used, including closed dynamic chambers allowing for a recirculating atmosphere.

  4. 46 CFR 115.810 - Fire protection.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... extinguisher, semiportable fire extinguisher, and fixed gas fire extinguishing system to check for excessive... testing of alarms and ventilation shutdowns, for each fixed gas fire extinguishing system and detecting... gas to ensure it has been tested and marked in accordance with § 147.60 in subchapter N of this...

  5. 46 CFR 115.810 - Fire protection.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... extinguisher, semiportable fire extinguisher, and fixed gas fire extinguishing system to check for excessive... testing of alarms and ventilation shutdowns, for each fixed gas fire extinguishing system and detecting... gas to ensure it has been tested and marked in accordance with § 147.60 in subchapter N of this...

  6. 46 CFR 28.320 - Fixed gas fire extinguishing systems.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... only in a normally unoccupied machinery space, paint locker, or space containing flammable liquid... protect more than one space. The quantity of extinguishing agent must be at least sufficient for the... to indicate the discharge of the extinguishing agent; (ii) An audible alarm to sound upon discharge...

  7. 46 CFR 28.320 - Fixed gas fire extinguishing systems.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... only in a normally unoccupied machinery space, paint locker, or space containing flammable liquid... protect more than one space. The quantity of extinguishing agent must be at least sufficient for the... to indicate the discharge of the extinguishing agent; (ii) An audible alarm to sound upon discharge...

  8. 46 CFR 28.320 - Fixed gas fire extinguishing systems.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... only in a normally unoccupied machinery space, paint locker, or space containing flammable liquid... protect more than one space. The quantity of extinguishing agent must be at least sufficient for the... to indicate the discharge of the extinguishing agent; (ii) An audible alarm to sound upon discharge...

  9. 46 CFR 108.477 - Fire hydrants.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Fire hydrants. 108.477 Section 108.477 Shipping COAST... Fire Extinguishing Systems Foam Extinguishing Systems § 108.477 Fire hydrants. (a) If a fixed foam extinguishing system has outlets in a main machinery space, at least 2 fire hydrants, in addition to the fire...

  10. Safety in the Chemical Laboratory: Fire Safety and Fire Control in the Chemistry Laboratory.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Wilbraham, A. C.

    1979-01-01

    Discusses fire safety and fire control in the chemistry laboratory. The combustion process, extinguishing equipment, extinguisher maintenance and location, and fire safety and practices are included. (HM)

  11. AFFF (Aqueous Film-Forming Foam) Testing of U.S. Air Force Penetrator Nozzle.

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1986-05-01

    Aqueous Film - Forming Foam ( AFFF ), halon, or PKP) flows between this shaft... Film - Forming Foam ( AFFF ). The results showed that increasing the nozzle pressure to 150 psi from the more common fireground pressures of 50 or 100 psi... Forming Foam ( AFFF ) as the fire extinguishing agent. The test plan was designed to determine the optimum nozzle operating pressure considering its effect

  12. Aqueous Film Forming Foam (AFFF)/Halon Dual Nozzle Test

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1991-07-01

    Aqueous Film Forming Foam ( AFFF ...nozzle from Regal Products, Inc. with the P-19 standard aqueous film forming foam ( AFFF ) and halon handline nozzles. A dual agent nozzle may have...the ergonomic properties of the test dual agent nozzle, to include ease of operation, back-pressure and comfort. Halon, aqueous film forming foam

  13. 30 CFR 57.4203 - Extinguisher recharging or replacement.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... Section 57.4203 Mineral Resources MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR METAL AND NONMETAL MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH SAFETY AND HEALTH STANDARDS-UNDERGROUND METAL AND NONMETAL MINES Fire Prevention and Control Firefighting Equipment § 57.4203 Extinguisher recharging or replacement. Fire...

  14. 30 CFR 56.4203 - Extinguisher recharging or replacement.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... Section 56.4203 Mineral Resources MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR METAL AND NONMETAL MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH SAFETY AND HEALTH STANDARDS-SURFACE METAL AND NONMETAL MINES Fire Prevention and Control Firefighting Equipment § 56.4203 Extinguisher recharging or replacement. Fire...

  15. Evaluation of the AMEREX Model 775 Wheeled Extinguisher with Novec 1230

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2014-11-18

    simulate different fire scenarios. The nacelle sits atop a concave concrete pad that can collect a pool of jet fuel as part of the fire scenario...Up Used for Rear Engine Testing and Access Panel Testing. In This Photo, Fuel is Flowing through the Nacelle in Preparation for a Rear Engine Test...Figure 8. Fuel Cups Positioned At 5-ft Intervals from the Amerex Extinguisher (Background) (left); Firefighter Discharges the Extinguisher into/over the

  16. Fire safety at home

    MedlinePlus

    ... over the smoke alarm as needed. Using a fire extinguisher can put out a small fire to keep it from getting out of control. Tips for use include: Keep fire extinguishers in handy locations, at least one on ...

  17. Development and Evaluation of a Prototype Wheeled Ultra-High Pressure Extinguisher System with Novec 1230

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2016-01-01

    Fire Tests Pool fire tests were conducted as outlined below, and consisted of a pretest phase, in which the F-100 engine nacelle was first...the nacelle during the test phase. Pretest Phase  Determine and record extinguisher full weight.  Initiate flow of jet fuel through the...extinguisher after test. 3.4.2. Rear Engine Fire Tests Rear engine fire tests were conducted as outlined below, and consisted of a pretest phase

  18. Installation Restoration Program. Phase 1. Records Search, Scott AFB, Illinois

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1985-04-01

    mission of defense of the United States, has long been engaged in a wide variety of opera- tions dealing with toxic and hazardous materials. Federal...Histopathology-Cytology Sewer Dental Clinic/Laboratory 1680 Yes Yes DPDO, Sanitary Sewer, Medical Logistics Radiology/X-Ray 1680 Yes Yes DPDO, Sanitary...disintegrate. HALOGEN: The class of chemical elements including fluorine , chlorine, i bromine, and iodine. HALON 1211: A fire extinguishing agent

  19. Guidance for Halon Emissions Reduction Rule (40 CFR Part 82, Subpart H)

    EPA Pesticide Factsheets

    Document provides guidance for technicians on compliance with EPA's halon emission reduction rule (40 CFR 82, Subpart H). Guidance covers technician training requirements and proper halon disposal and recycling.

  20. 46 CFR 185.612 - Fire protection equipment.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... instructions for the operation of a fixed gas fire extinguishing system must be located in a conspicuous place... a fixed gas fire extinguishing system must be clearly and conspicuously marked “WHEN ALARM SOUNDS... extinguishing system and the fire main, must be plainly, conspicuously, and permanently marked indicating the...

  1. 46 CFR 185.612 - Fire protection equipment.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... instructions for the operation of a fixed gas fire extinguishing system must be located in a conspicuous place... a fixed gas fire extinguishing system must be clearly and conspicuously marked “WHEN ALARM SOUNDS... extinguishing system and the fire main, must be plainly, conspicuously, and permanently marked indicating the...

  2. 46 CFR 185.612 - Fire protection equipment.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... instructions for the operation of a fixed gas fire extinguishing system must be located in a conspicuous place... a fixed gas fire extinguishing system must be clearly and conspicuously marked “WHEN ALARM SOUNDS... extinguishing system and the fire main, must be plainly, conspicuously, and permanently marked indicating the...

  3. 46 CFR 185.612 - Fire protection equipment.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... instructions for the operation of a fixed gas fire extinguishing system must be located in a conspicuous place... a fixed gas fire extinguishing system must be clearly and conspicuously marked “WHEN ALARM SOUNDS... extinguishing system and the fire main, must be plainly, conspicuously, and permanently marked indicating the...

  4. DEVELOPMENT OF ALTERNATIVE, NON-HALOGEN FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM

    EPA Science Inventory

    With the phaseout of halon production, two alternative technologies - water misting and low-residue particulates - have come to the fire protection forefront. These technologies use water or dry chemicals in reduced quantities to provide acceptable fire protection. A review and a...

  5. TECHNOLOGIES FOR CFC/HALON DESTRUCTION

    EPA Science Inventory

    The report presents an overview of the current status of possible technologies used to destroy chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and halons chemicals implicated in the destruction of the stratospheric ozone layer. The Montreal Protocol an international treaty to control the production a...

  6. Highly Transparent and Self-Extinguishing Nanofibrillated Cellulose-Monolayer Clay Nanoplatelet Hybrid Films.

    PubMed

    Ming, Siyi; Chen, Gang; He, Jiahao; Kuang, Yudi; Liu, Yu; Tao, Ruiqiang; Ning, Honglong; Zhu, Penghui; Liu, Yingyao; Fang, Zhiqiang

    2017-08-29

    A viable solution toward "green" optoelectronics is rooted in our ability to fabricate optoelectronics on transparent nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC) film substrates. However, the flammability of transparent NFC film poses a severe fire hazard in optoelectronic devices. Despite many efforts toward enhancing the fire-retardant features of transparent NFC film, making NFC film fire-retardant while maintaining its high transparency (≥90%) remains an ambitious objective. Herein, we combine NFC with NFC-dispersed monolayer clay nanoplatelets as a fire retardant to prepare highly transparent NFC-monolayer clay nanoplatelet hybrid films with a superb self-extinguishing behavior. Homogeneous and stable monolayer clay nanoplatelet dispersion was initially obtained by using NFC as a green dispersing agent with the assistance of ultrasonication and then used to blend with NFC to prepare highly transparent and self-extinguishing hybrid films by a water evaporation-induced self-assembly process. As the content of monolayer clay nanoplatelets increased from 5 wt % to 50 wt %, the obtained hybrid films presented enhanced self-extinguishing behavior (limiting oxygen index sharply increased from 21% to 96.5%) while retaining a ∼90% transparency at 600 nm. More significantly, the underlying mechanisms for the high transparency and excellent self-extinguishing behavior of these hybrid films with a clay nanoplatelet content of over 30 wt % were unveiled by a series of characterizations such as SEM, XRD, TGA, and limiting oxygen index tester. This work offers an alternative environmentally friendly, self-extinguishing, and highly transparent substrate to next-generation optoelectronics, and is aimed at providing a viable solution to environmental concerns that are caused by ever-increasing electronic waste.

  7. 46 CFR 132.350 - Tests and inspections of fire-extinguishing equipment.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... serviceable condition to the satisfaction of the Coast Guard inspector. Dry chemical (cartridge-operated... chemical is free-flowing (not caked) and that extinguisher contains full charge. Dry chemical (stored... determine that extinguisher is fully charged with dry chemical. Recharge if pressure is low or if dry...

  8. 46 CFR 132.350 - Tests and inspections of fire-extinguishing equipment.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... serviceable condition to the satisfaction of the Coast Guard inspector. Dry chemical (cartridge-operated... chemical is free-flowing (not caked) and that extinguisher contains full charge. Dry chemical (stored... determine that extinguisher is fully charged with dry chemical. Recharge if pressure is low or if dry...

  9. 46 CFR 132.350 - Tests and inspections of fire-extinguishing equipment.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... serviceable condition to the satisfaction of the Coast Guard inspector. Dry chemical (cartridge-operated... chemical is free-flowing (not caked) and that extinguisher contains full charge. Dry chemical (stored... determine that extinguisher is fully charged with dry chemical. Recharge if pressure is low or if dry...

  10. Analysis of Flame Extinguishment and Height in Low Frequency Acoustically Excited Methane Jet Diffusion Flame

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Zong, Ruowen; Kang, Ruxue; Liu, Chen; Zhang, Zhiyang; Zhi, Youran

    2018-01-01

    The exploration of microgravity conditions in space is increasing and existing fire extinguishing technology is often inadequate for fire safety in this special environment. As a result, improving the efficiency of portable extinguishers is of growing importance. In this work, a visual study of the effects on methane jet diffusion flames by low frequency sound waves is conducted to assess the extinguishing ability of sound waves. With a small-scale sound wave extinguishing bench, the extinguishing ability of certain frequencies of sound waves are identified, and the response of the flame height is observed and analyzed. Results show that the flame structure changes with disturbance due to low frequency sound waves of 60-100 Hz, and quenches at effective frequencies in the range of 60-90 Hz. In this range, 60 Hz is considered to be the quick extinguishing frequency, while 70-90 Hz is the stable extinguishing frequency range. For a fixed frequency, the flame height decreases with sound pressure level (SPL). The flame height exhibits the greatest sensitivity to the 60 Hz acoustic waves, and the least to the 100 Hz acoustic waves. The flame height decreases almost identically with disturbance by 70-90 Hz acoustic waves.

  11. Analysis of Flame Extinguishment and Height in Low Frequency Acoustically Excited Methane Jet Diffusion Flame

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Zong, Ruowen; Kang, Ruxue; Liu, Chen; Zhang, Zhiyang; Zhi, Youran

    2018-05-01

    The exploration of microgravity conditions in space is increasing and existing fire extinguishing technology is often inadequate for fire safety in this special environment. As a result, improving the efficiency of portable extinguishers is of growing importance. In this work, a visual study of the effects on methane jet diffusion flames by low frequency sound waves is conducted to assess the extinguishing ability of sound waves. With a small-scale sound wave extinguishing bench, the extinguishing ability of certain frequencies of sound waves are identified, and the response of the flame height is observed and analyzed. Results show that the flame structure changes with disturbance due to low frequency sound waves of 60-100 Hz, and quenches at effective frequencies in the range of 60-90 Hz. In this range, 60 Hz is considered to be the quick extinguishing frequency, while 70-90 Hz is the stable extinguishing frequency range. For a fixed frequency, the flame height decreases with sound pressure level (SPL). The flame height exhibits the greatest sensitivity to the 60 Hz acoustic waves, and the least to the 100 Hz acoustic waves. The flame height decreases almost identically with disturbance by 70-90 Hz acoustic waves.

  12. National Fire Codes. A Compilation of NFPA Codes, Standards, Recommended Practices, and Manuals. Volume 7: Alarm and Special Extinguishing Systems. 1969-70.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    National Fire Protection Association, Boston, MA.

    These NFPA recommendations are phrased in terms of performance or objectives, the intent being to permit the utilization of any methods, devices, or materials which will produce the desired results. The major topics included are--(1) extinguishing systems, (2) standpipe and hose systems, (3) wetting agents, (4) fire hydrants, (5) water charges for…

  13. 16 CFR 1500.15 - Labeling of fire extinguishers.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... hazard “Dangerous gas formed when used to extinguish flame or on contact with heat” are required labeling...)(1), the signal word “Danger” and the statement of hazard “Poisonous gases formed when used to...

  14. 16 CFR 1500.15 - Labeling of fire extinguishers.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... hazard “Dangerous gas formed when used to extinguish flame or on contact with heat” are required labeling...)(1), the signal word “Danger” and the statement of hazard “Poisonous gases formed when used to...

  15. 16 CFR 1500.15 - Labeling of fire extinguishers.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... hazard “Dangerous gas formed when used to extinguish flame or on contact with heat” are required labeling...)(1), the signal word “Danger” and the statement of hazard “Poisonous gases formed when used to...

  16. 46 CFR 176.810 - Fire protection.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ...) Inspection of each hand portable fire extinguisher, semiportable fire extinguisher, and fixed gas fire..., and valves, and the inspection and testing of alarms and ventilation shutdowns, for each fixed gas...) Checking of each cylinder containing compressed gas to ensure it has been tested and marked in accordance...

  17. 29 CFR 1910.163 - Fixed extinguishing systems, water spray and foam.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... Section 1910.163 Labor Regulations Relating to Labor (Continued) OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH STANDARDS Fire Protection Fixed Fire... extinguishing agent, installed to meet a particular OSHA standard. These systems shall also comply with § 1910...

  18. 29 CFR 1910.163 - Fixed extinguishing systems, water spray and foam.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... Section 1910.163 Labor Regulations Relating to Labor (Continued) OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH STANDARDS Fire Protection Fixed Fire... extinguishing agent, installed to meet a particular OSHA standard. These systems shall also comply with § 1910...

  19. 46 CFR 108.477 - Fire hydrants.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 4 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Fire hydrants. 108.477 Section 108.477 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) A-MOBILE OFFSHORE DRILLING UNITS DESIGN AND EQUIPMENT Fire Extinguishing Systems Foam Extinguishing Systems § 108.477 Fire hydrants. (a) If a fixed foam...

  20. EXTINGUISHMENT OF ALKALI METAL FIRES

    DTIC Science & Technology

    was found to be effective on low temperature (1000F) fires and was useful on alkali metal fires on or under insulation. Organic liquids were not...particularly effective on alkali metal fires . A section is presented on a typical alkali metal system which might be used to generate electrical power in space.

  1. Spacecraft Fire Safety

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Margle, Janice M. (Editor)

    1987-01-01

    Fire detection, fire standards and testing, fire extinguishment, inerting and atmospheres, fire-related medical science, aircraft fire safety, Space Station safety concerns, microgravity combustion, spacecraft material flammability testing, and metal combustion are among the topics considered.

  2. 46 CFR 122.612 - Fire protection equipment.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... marked in clearly legible letters “FIRE ALARM”. (f) An alarm for an automatic sprinkler system must be... fixed gas fire extinguishing system must be located in a conspicuous place at or near each pull box and... “carbon dioxide.” (c) Each distribution line valve of a fixed gas fire extinguishing system and the fire...

  3. 46 CFR 122.612 - Fire protection equipment.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... marked in clearly legible letters “FIRE ALARM”. (f) An alarm for an automatic sprinkler system must be... fixed gas fire extinguishing system must be located in a conspicuous place at or near each pull box and... “carbon dioxide.” (c) Each distribution line valve of a fixed gas fire extinguishing system and the fire...

  4. 46 CFR 122.612 - Fire protection equipment.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... marked in clearly legible letters “FIRE ALARM”. (f) An alarm for an automatic sprinkler system must be... fixed gas fire extinguishing system must be located in a conspicuous place at or near each pull box and... “carbon dioxide.” (c) Each distribution line valve of a fixed gas fire extinguishing system and the fire...

  5. 46 CFR 122.612 - Fire protection equipment.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... marked in clearly legible letters “FIRE ALARM”. (f) An alarm for an automatic sprinkler system must be... fixed gas fire extinguishing system must be located in a conspicuous place at or near each pull box and... “carbon dioxide.” (c) Each distribution line valve of a fixed gas fire extinguishing system and the fire...

  6. 46 CFR 122.612 - Fire protection equipment.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... marked in clearly legible letters “FIRE ALARM”. (f) An alarm for an automatic sprinkler system must be... fixed gas fire extinguishing system must be located in a conspicuous place at or near each pull box and... “carbon dioxide.” (c) Each distribution line valve of a fixed gas fire extinguishing system and the fire...

  7. 46 CFR 169.567 - Portable extinguishers.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... Minimum size Coast Guard classification Living space and open boats 1 per 1000 cu. ft. of space Halon 1211 of 1301 21/2 pounds Foam 11/4 gallons Carbon dioxide 4 pounds B-I. Dry chemical 2 pounds Propulsion machinery space with fixed CO2 or halon system 1 Foam 11/4 gallons Carbon dioxide 4 pounds B-I. Dry chemical...

  8. 46 CFR 169.567 - Portable extinguishers.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... Minimum size Coast Guard classification Living space and open boats 1 per 1000 cu. ft. of space Halon 1211 of 1301 21/2 pounds Foam 11/4 gallons Carbon dioxide 4 pounds B-I. Dry chemical 2 pounds Propulsion machinery space with fixed CO2 or halon system 1 Foam 11/4 gallons Carbon dioxide 4 pounds B-I. Dry chemical...

  9. 46 CFR 169.567 - Portable extinguishers.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... Minimum size Coast Guard classification Living space and open boats 1 per 1000 cu. ft. of space Halon 1211 of 1301 21/2 pounds Foam 11/4 gallons Carbon dioxide 4 pounds B-I. Dry chemical 2 pounds Propulsion machinery space with fixed CO2 or halon system 1 Foam 11/4 gallons Carbon dioxide 4 pounds B-I. Dry chemical...

  10. 46 CFR 169.567 - Portable extinguishers.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... Minimum size Coast Guard classification Living space and open boats 1 per 1000 cu. ft. of space Halon 1211 of 1301 21/2 pounds Foam 11/4 gallons Carbon dioxide 4 pounds B-I. Dry chemical 2 pounds Propulsion machinery space with fixed CO2 or halon system 1 Foam 11/4 gallons Carbon dioxide 4 pounds B-I. Dry chemical...

  11. Qualification of an Acceptable Alternative to Halon 1211 DOD Flightline Extinguishers

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2008-09-01

    Minimum Performance Standard MSDS Material Safety Data Sheet NATO North Atlantic Treaty Organization NAWCAD Naval Air Warfare Center Aircraft...included chronic and acute occupational exposure limits and cardiotoxicity. Alternatives that were carcinogens or that had any adverse developmental...gear to fight the fires Does not exceed pain threshold for exposed skin Each unit tested met this performance objective 2. Firefighting

  12. 29 CFR 1910.163 - Fixed extinguishing systems, water spray and foam.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... 29 Labor 5 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Fixed extinguishing systems, water spray and foam. 1910.163 Section 1910.163 Labor Regulations Relating to Labor (Continued) OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH STANDARDS Fire Protection Fixed Fire Suppression Equipment § 1910.163 Fixed...

  13. Aircraft Hangar Fire Suppression System Evaluation-Intermediate- Scale Studies

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1999-12-23

    aqueous film forming foam ( AFFF ) extinguishing systems [1]. The overhead AFFF system typically consists of standard closed head sprinklers that...of Water Spray on Fire-Fighting Foam ," Fire Journal, 63 (6), November 1969. 5. MIL-F-24385F, "Fire Extinguishing Agent, Aqueous Film Forming Foam ...extinguishing capability of the foam and the ability of the blanket to resist burnback. When AFFF is applied over a flammable liquid spill

  14. Boating Accident Investigations 1974, Fire and Explosion

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1975-04-15

    Fuel Tanks - The two 28 gallon saddle tanks were manu- factured by Aluminum Fabricated Products , Inc. of .090 in. thick 5052 aluminum. The tanks, which...Extinguishers - The boat contained two fire portable fire ext~inguishers. One Amway Model 275R-5C fire extinguisbc: was found to be in good shape. It had

  15. Fire Control Agent Effectiveness for Hazardous Chemical Fires: Carbon Disulfide.

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1981-01-01

    Fires..................................... 46 12. AFFF Fire Control Data for Carbon Disulfide Fires............................. 47 13. Extinguishment...Disulfide and Hexane Fires ....... 67 22. Comparison of AFFF Fire Control Times for Carbon Disulfide and Hexane Fires ................... 68 23. Comparison of...Data .............. 27 2. Summary of Fluoroprotein Foam Fire Test Data ....... 28 3. Summary of AFFF Fire Test Data ..................... 29 4. Summary

  16. Fire Suppression and Response

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Ruff, Gary A.

    2004-01-01

    This report is concerned with the following topics regarding fire suppression:What is the relative effectiveness of candidate suppressants to extinguish a representative fire in reduced gravity, including high-O2 mole fraction, low -pressure environments? What are the relative advantages and disadvantages of physically acting and chemically-acting agents in spacecraft fire suppression? What are the O2 mole fraction and absolute pressure below which a fire cannot exist? What effect does gas-phase radiation play in the overall fire and post-fire environments? Are the candidate suppressants effective to extinguish fires on practical solid fuels? What is required to suppress non-flaming fires (smoldering and deep seated fires) in reduced gravity? How can idealized space experiment results be applied to a practical fire scenario? What is the optimal agent deployment strategy for space fire suppression?

  17. 34 CFR 668.49 - Institutional fire safety policies and fire statistics.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... fire. Fire safety system: Any mechanism or system related to the detection of a fire, the warning resulting from a fire, or the control of a fire. This may include sprinkler systems or other fire extinguishing systems, fire detection devices, stand-alone smoke alarms, devices that alert one to the presence...

  18. 34 CFR 668.49 - Institutional fire safety policies and fire statistics.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... fire. Fire safety system: Any mechanism or system related to the detection of a fire, the warning resulting from a fire, or the control of a fire. This may include sprinkler systems or other fire extinguishing systems, fire detection devices, stand-alone smoke alarms, devices that alert one to the presence...

  19. 34 CFR 668.49 - Institutional fire safety policies and fire statistics.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... fire. Fire safety system: Any mechanism or system related to the detection of a fire, the warning resulting from a fire, or the control of a fire. This may include sprinkler systems or other fire extinguishing systems, fire detection devices, stand-alone smoke alarms, devices that alert one to the presence...

  20. 34 CFR 668.49 - Institutional fire safety policies and fire statistics.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... fire. Fire safety system: Any mechanism or system related to the detection of a fire, the warning resulting from a fire, or the control of a fire. This may include sprinkler systems or other fire extinguishing systems, fire detection devices, stand-alone smoke alarms, devices that alert one to the presence...

  1. Oil-And-Gas-Fire Snubber

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Weinstein, Leonard M.

    1994-01-01

    Flame diverted and extinguished without explosives. Oil-and-gas-fire snubber consists of pipe with two exit branches and large selector valve, positioned over well, on path of escaping fuel. Flame moved to one side; then flow of fuel moved to other side, away from flame. Two versions of snubber have different uses. First used only to extinguish fire. Exit branch only long enough to keep fuel away to prevent reignition. Second needed if well not capped after fire at well extinguished and oil and gas remained present in problem quantities. Exit branch long enough to extend to oil-storage tank, and gas separated from oil and vented or burned at convenient location.

  2. 16 CFR § 1500.15 - Labeling of fire extinguishers.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... the statement of hazard “Dangerous gas formed when used to extinguish flame or on contact with heat... in § 1500.3(c)(1), the signal word “Danger” and the statement of hazard “Poisonous gases formed when...

  3. 46 CFR 167.45-30 - Use of approved fire-fighting equipment.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... PUBLIC NAUTICAL SCHOOL SHIPS Special Firefighting and Fire Prevention Requirements § 167.45-30 Use of approved fire-fighting equipment. Portable fire extinguishers or fire-extinguishing systems which conform... 46 Shipping 7 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Use of approved fire-fighting equipment. 167.45-30...

  4. Spacecraft Fire Suppression: Testing and Evaluation

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Abbud-Madrid, Angel; McKinnon, J. Thomas; Delplanque, Jean-Pierre; Kailasanath, Kazhikathra; Gokoglu, Suleyman; Wu, Ming-Shin

    2004-01-01

    The objective of this project is the testing and evaluation of the effectiveness of a variety of fire suppressants and fire-response techniques that will be used in the next generation of spacecraft (Crew Exploration Vehicle, CEV) and planetary habitats. From the many lessons learned in the last 40 years of space travel, there is common agreement in the spacecraft fire safety community that a new fire suppression system will be needed for the various types of fire threats anticipated in new space vehicles and habitats. To date, there is no single fire extinguishing system that can address all possible fire situations in a spacecraft in an effective, reliable, clean, and safe way. The testing conducted under this investigation will not only validate the various numerical models that are currently being developed, but it will provide new design standards on fire suppression that can then be applied to the next generation of spacecraft extinguishment systems. The test program will provide validation of scaling methods by conducting small, medium, and large scale fires. A variety of suppression methods will be tested, such as water mist, carbon dioxide, and nitrogen with single and multiple injection points and direct or distributed agent deployment. These injection methods cover the current ISS fire suppression method of a portable hand-held fire extinguisher spraying through a port in a rack and also next generation spacecraft units that may have a multi-point suppression delivery system built into the design. Consideration will be given to the need of a crew to clean-up the agent and recharge the extinguishers in flight in a long-duration mission. The fire suppression methods mentioned above will be used to extinguish several fire scenarios that have been identified as the most relevant to spaceflight, such as overheated wires, cable bundles, and circuit boards, as well as burning cloth and paper. Further testing will be conducted in which obstructions and

  5. 33 CFR 149.405 - How are fire extinguishers classified?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... SECURITY (CONTINUED) DEEPWATER PORTS DEEPWATER PORTS: DESIGN, CONSTRUCTION, AND EQUIPMENT Firefighting and...) Portable and semi-portable extinguishers on a manned deepwater port must be classified using the Coast...-size Foam liters(gallons) Carbon dioxidekilograms (pounds) Dry chemical kilograms(pounds) A-II 9.5 (2.5...

  6. Fire in the Shop!

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Campbell, Clifton P.; Buchanan, Joseph P.

    1977-01-01

    Fire emergency preparedness measures to take to prevent school fires and to protect against injury and minimize damage when fire does occur are presented. Includes fire safety practices, extinguishers for different classes of fires and their use, and the need for fire safety training in schools. (MF)

  7. 29 CFR 1910.160 - Fixed extinguishing systems, general.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... sprinkler systems which are covered by § 1910.159. (2) This section also applies to fixed systems not... flooding systems by means of an approved fire detection device installed and interconnected with a pre... 29 Labor 5 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Fixed extinguishing systems, general. 1910.160 Section 1910...

  8. 29 CFR 1910.160 - Fixed extinguishing systems, general.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... sprinkler systems which are covered by § 1910.159. (2) This section also applies to fixed systems not... flooding systems by means of an approved fire detection device installed and interconnected with a pre... 29 Labor 5 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Fixed extinguishing systems, general. 1910.160 Section 1910...

  9. 29 CFR 1910.160 - Fixed extinguishing systems, general.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... sprinkler systems which are covered by § 1910.159. (2) This section also applies to fixed systems not... flooding systems by means of an approved fire detection device installed and interconnected with a pre... 29 Labor 5 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Fixed extinguishing systems, general. 1910.160 Section 1910...

  10. 29 CFR 1910.160 - Fixed extinguishing systems, general.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... sprinkler systems which are covered by § 1910.159. (2) This section also applies to fixed systems not... flooding systems by means of an approved fire detection device installed and interconnected with a pre... 29 Labor 5 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Fixed extinguishing systems, general. 1910.160 Section 1910...

  11. INVESTIGATION OF POSSIBLE USES OF CFC/HALON CHEMICALS

    EPA Science Inventory

    The report documents an investigation of the possibility of alternate uses for surplus chlorofluorocarbon (CFC)/halon chemicals as they are replaced in their traditional service roles. hese uses may be beneficial new products or substances that are nonhazardous to the environment...

  12. Fire Suppression in Low Gravity Using a Cup Burner

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Takahashi, Fumiaki; Linteris, Gregory T.; Katta, Viswanath R.

    2004-01-01

    Longer duration missions to the moon, to Mars, and on the International Space Station increase the likelihood of accidental fires. The goal of the present investigation is to: (1) understand the physical and chemical processes of fire suppression in various gravity and O2 levels simulating spacecraft, Mars, and moon missions; (2) provide rigorous testing of numerical models, which include detailed combustion suppression chemistry and radiation sub-models; and (3) provide basic research results useful for advances in space fire safety technology, including new fire-extinguishing agents and approaches. The structure and extinguishment of enclosed, laminar, methane-air co-flow diffusion flames formed on a cup burner have been studied experimentally and numerically using various fire-extinguishing agents (CO2, N2, He, Ar, CF3H, and Fe(CO)5). The experiments involve both 1g laboratory testing and low-g testing (in drop towers and the KC-135 aircraft). The computation uses a direct numerical simulation with detailed chemistry and radiative heat-loss models. An agent was introduced into a low-speed coflowing oxidizing stream until extinguishment occurred under a fixed minimal fuel velocity, and thus, the extinguishing agent concentrations were determined. The extinguishment of cup-burner flames, which resemble real fires, occurred via a blowoff process (in which the flame base drifted downstream) rather than the global extinction phenomenon typical of counterflow diffusion flames. The computation revealed that the peak reactivity spot (the reaction kernel) formed in the flame base was responsible for attachment and blowoff of the trailing diffusion flame. Furthermore, the buoyancy-induced flame flickering in 1g and thermal and transport properties of the agents affected the flame extinguishment limits.

  13. Fire Suppression in Low Gravity Using a Cup Burner

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Takahashi, Fumiaki; Linteris, Gregory T.; Katta, Viswanath R.

    2004-01-01

    Longer duration missions to the moon, to Mars, and on the International Space Station increase the likelihood of accidental fires. The goal of the present investigation is to: (1) understand the physical and chemical processes of fire suppression in various gravity and O2 levels simulating spacecraft, Mars, and moon missions; (2) provide rigorous testing of numerical models, which include detailed combustion-suppression chemistry and radiation sub-models; and (3) provide basic research results useful for advances in space fire safety technology, including new fire-extinguishing agents and approaches.The structure and extinguishment of enclosed, laminar, methane-air co-flow diffusion flames formed on a cup burner have been studied experimentally and numerically using various fire-extinguishing agents (CO2, N2, He, Ar, CF3H, and Fe(CO)5). The experiments involve both 1g laboratory testing and low-g testing (in drop towers and the KC-135 aircraft). The computation uses a direct numerical simulation with detailed chemistry and radiative heat-loss models. An agent was introduced into a low-speed coflowing oxidizing stream until extinguishment occurred under a fixed minimal fuel velocity, and thus, the extinguishing agent concentrations were determined. The extinguishment of cup-burner flames, which resemble real fires, occurred via a blowoff process (in which the flame base drifted downstream) rather than the global extinction phenomenon typical of counterflow diffusion flames. The computation revealed that the peak reactivity spot (the reaction kernel) formed in the flame base was responsible for attachment and blowoff of the trailing diffusion flame. Furthermore, the buoyancy-induced flame flickering in 1g and thermal and transport properties of the agents affected the flame extinguishment limits.

  14. Aquatic Toxicity Screening of Fire Fighting Agents

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2005-09-21

    Aqueous Film Forming Foam ( AFFF ), the reference toxicant. The aquatic toxicity...Specification MIL-F-24385F Fire Extinguishing Agent, Aqueous Film Forming Foam ( AFFF ) Liquid Concentrate, For Fresh and Sea Water (MIL SPEC AFFF ). This...extinguish liquid hydrocarbon fuel fires involving aircraft operations. Several types of foam exist including protein, fluoroprotein and aqueous film

  15. Human performance and physiological function during a 24-hr exposure to 1% bromotrifluoromethane (Halon 1301)

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Calkins, D. S.; Degioanni, J. J.; Tan, M. N.; Davis, J. R.; Pierson, D. L.

    1993-01-01

    Performance and physiological measurements were obtained from four pairs of men exposed for 24 hr to 1% (10,000 ppm) Halon 1301 (bromotrifluoromethane, CBrF3) and to air with order counterbalanced using a double-blind protocol. Cognitive and motor performance was assessed before, during, and after the exposures using seven scales of the Automated Portable Testing System, which produced 13 measures of performance. Halon inhalation induced decrements in 2 of the 13 measures, but actual and estimated magnitudes of the decrements were no greater than 5% of baseline values. Physiological data were obtained before, during, and after the exposures from clinical chemistry analyses of blood and urine samples, pulmonary function tests, and monitoring of vital signs. Significant change during Halon inhalation was observed for 6 of the 52 variables assessed; however, all physiological values remained within clinically acceptable limits. No cardiovascular effects were noted. This study demonstrated that exposure to 1% Halon 1301 for 24 hr can produce minor disturbance of central nervous system function as assessed by cognitive tasks.

  16. Fire Safety Training Handbook.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Montgomery County Dept. of Fire and Rescue Services, Rockville, MD. Div. of Fire Prevention.

    Designed for a community fire education effort, particularly in which local volunteers present general information on fire safety to their fellow citizens, this workbook contains nine lessons. Included are an overview of the household fire problem; instruction in basic chemistry and physics of fire, flammable liquids, portable fire extinguishers,…

  17. 46 CFR 181.410 - Fixed gas fire extinguishing systems.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... less than 170 cubic meters (6000 cubic feet), release of an extinguishing agent into a space must... unoccupied space of less than 170 cubic meters (6,000 cubic feet) may have the storage cylinders located... between 16,550 and 19,300 kPa (2,400 and 2,800 psi) must be installed in the distribution manifold to...

  18. Human performance and physiological function during a 24-hr exposure to 1 percent bromotrifluoromethane (Halon 1301)

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Calkins, D. S.; Degioanni, J. J.; Tan, M. N.; Davis, J. R.; Pierson, D. L.

    1993-01-01

    Performance and physiological measurements were obtained from four pairs of men exposed for 24 hr to 1 percent (10,000 ppm) Halon 1301 (CBrF3) and to air with order counterbalanced using a double-blind protocol. Cognitive and motor performance was assessed before, during, and after the exposures, using seven scales of the Automated Portable Testing System, which produced 13 measures of performance. Halon inhalation induced decrements in 2 of the 13 measures, but actual and estimated magnitudes of the decrements were no greater than 5 percent of baseline values. Physiological data obtained before, during, and after the exposures revealed significant changes during Halon inhalation for 6 of the 52 variables assessed; however, all physiological values remained within clinically acceptable limits. No cardiovascular effects were noted. This study demonstrated that exposure to 1 percent Halon 1301 for 24 hr can produce minor disturbance of central nervous system function as assessed by cognitive tasks.

  19. Fire Safety: Stop the Heat. Fourth Grade. Fire Safety for Texans: Fire and Burn Prevention Curriculum Guide.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Texas State Commission on Fire Protection, Austin.

    This booklet comprises the fourth grade component of a series of curriculum guides on fire and burn prevention. Designed to meet the age-specific needs of fourth grade students, its objectives include: (1) understanding principles of extinguishing fires, (2) investigating issues of peer pressure related to fire setting, (3) developing…

  20. 29 CFR 1910.163 - Fixed extinguishing systems, water spray and foam.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ....160. This section does not apply to automatic sprinkler systems which are covered under § 1910.159. (b...] Other Fire Protection Systems ... 29 Labor 5 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Fixed extinguishing systems, water spray and foam. 1910.163...

  1. 29 CFR 1910.163 - Fixed extinguishing systems, water spray and foam.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ....160. This section does not apply to automatic sprinkler systems which are covered under § 1910.159. (b...] Other Fire Protection Systems ... 29 Labor 5 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Fixed extinguishing systems, water spray and foam. 1910.163...

  2. Fire training in a virtual-reality environment

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Freund, Eckhard; Rossmann, Jurgen; Bucken, Arno

    2005-03-01

    Although fire is very common in our daily environment - as a source of energy at home or as a tool in industry - most people cannot estimate the danger of a conflagration. Therefore it is important to train people in combating fire. Beneath training with propane simulators or real fires and real extinguishers, fire training can be performed in virtual reality, which means a pollution-free and fast way of training. In this paper we describe how to enhance a virtual-reality environment with a real-time fire simulation and visualisation in order to establish a realistic emergency-training system. The presented approach supports extinguishing of the virtual fire including recordable performance data as needed in teletraining environments. We will show how to get realistic impressions of fire using advanced particle-simulation and how to use the advantages of particles to trigger states in a modified cellular automata used for the simulation of fire-behaviour. Using particle systems that interact with cellular automata it is possible to simulate a developing, spreading fire and its reaction on different extinguishing agents like water, CO2 or oxygen. The methods proposed in this paper have been implemented and successfully tested on Cosimir, a commercial robot-and VR-simulation-system.

  3. Verification study of an emerging fire suppression system

    DOE PAGES

    Cournoyer, Michael E.; Waked, R. Ryan; Granzow, Howard N.; ...

    2016-01-01

    Self-contained fire extinguishers are a robust, reliable and minimally invasive means of fire suppression for gloveboxes. Moreover, plutonium gloveboxes present harsh environmental conditions for polymer materials; these include radiation damage and chemical exposure, both of which tend to degrade the lifetime of engineered polymer components. Several studies have been conducted to determine the robustness of selfcontained fire extinguishers in plutonium gloveboxes in a nuclear facility, verification tests must be performed. These tests include activation and mass loss calorimeter tests. In addition, compatibility issues with chemical components of the self-contained fire extinguishers need to be addressed. Our study presents activation andmore » mass loss calorimeter test results. After extensive studies, no critical areas of concern have been identified for the plutonium glovebox application of Fire Foe™, except for glovebox operations that use large quantities of bulk plutonium or uranium metal such as metal casting and pyro-chemistry operations.« less

  4. Verification study of an emerging fire suppression system

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Cournoyer, Michael E.; Waked, R. Ryan; Granzow, Howard N.

    Self-contained fire extinguishers are a robust, reliable and minimally invasive means of fire suppression for gloveboxes. Moreover, plutonium gloveboxes present harsh environmental conditions for polymer materials; these include radiation damage and chemical exposure, both of which tend to degrade the lifetime of engineered polymer components. Several studies have been conducted to determine the robustness of selfcontained fire extinguishers in plutonium gloveboxes in a nuclear facility, verification tests must be performed. These tests include activation and mass loss calorimeter tests. In addition, compatibility issues with chemical components of the self-contained fire extinguishers need to be addressed. Our study presents activation andmore » mass loss calorimeter test results. After extensive studies, no critical areas of concern have been identified for the plutonium glovebox application of Fire Foe™, except for glovebox operations that use large quantities of bulk plutonium or uranium metal such as metal casting and pyro-chemistry operations.« less

  5. 46 CFR 108.419 - Fire main capacity.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) A-MOBILE OFFSHORE DRILLING UNITS DESIGN AND EQUIPMENT Fire Extinguishing Systems Fire Main System § 108.419 Fire main capacity. The diameter of the fire... pumps operating simultaneously. ...

  6. 46 CFR 108.419 - Fire main capacity.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) A-MOBILE OFFSHORE DRILLING UNITS DESIGN AND EQUIPMENT Fire Extinguishing Systems Fire Main System § 108.419 Fire main capacity. The diameter of the fire... pumps operating simultaneously. ...

  7. Effect of an uncontrolled fire and the subsequent fire fight on the chemical composition of landfill leachate.

    PubMed

    Oygard, Joar Karsten; Måge, Amund; Gjengedal, Elin; Svane, Tore

    2005-01-01

    Landfill leachates sampled during and after an accidental landfill fire were analysed and the levels of selected metals and chemical compounds compared to those occurring in the leachate under normal conditions. The fire at the landfill site was put out by excavation and cooling by use of water. The investigation during the fire and fire fight revealed a moderate increase in the level of nitrogen and also in pH and conductivity. Heavy metals and COD in the leachate showed considerably increased levels. In general, the determined variables appeared to normalise within one week after the fire was extinguished. It can be concluded that landfill fires extinguished by excavation may lead to elevated leachate levels of especially COD and heavy metals, but that this is only a short-term effect.

  8. A study on gaseous extinguishing agent sensing with a simple measurement method

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Guan, Yu; Lu, Song; Yuan, Wei; Qian, Hanjie

    2018-03-01

    As research on the concentration distribution for evaluating the effectiveness of a gas fire extinguisher system is quite important, the proper sensing technology is necessary. Here, a simple method used for measuring the concentration of agent is introduced, and the manufacture of the sensing part is described clearly. The sensing unit is composed of a pressure reducing structure and pressure sensor element. The detection was achieved by sensing the change of pressure difference caused by gas flow. In order to verify the theory and characterize the sensing performance, two types of fire extinguishing agents, bromotrifluoromethane (CBrF3) and heptafluoropropane (C3HF7), were used in the experiments. The results showed a high sensitivity from 0 to 100%, good repeatability and fast response/recovery time. Furthermore, the effect of operating temperature, humidity and geometric structure on the response were investigated. Measurements showed, for CBrF3, that the temperature had a linear impact on the response and the influence of humidity in the sensor was negligible. Through the analysis of the geometry parameter, it was found that the sensing performance could be greatly improved through adjusting the geometry structure. This technique provides a low-cost and highly reliable sensor for the detection of gaseous extinguishing agent that can be easily fabricated.

  9. Reliability study of an emerging fire suppression system

    DOE PAGES

    Miller, David A.; Rossati, Lyric M.; Fritz, Nathan K.; ...

    2015-11-01

    Self-contained fire extinguishers are a robust, reliable and minimally invasive means of fire suppression for gloveboxes. Plutonium gloveboxes are known to present harsh environmental conditions for polymer materials, these include radiation damage and chemical exposure, both of which tend to degrade the lifetime of engineered polymer components. The primary component of interest in self-contained fire extinguishers is the nylon 6-6 machined tube that comprises the main body of the system.Thermo-mechanical modeling and characterization of nylon 6-6 for use in plutonium glovebox applications has been carried out. Data has been generated regarding property degradation leading to poor, or reduced, engineering performancemore » of nylon 6-6 components. In this study, nylon 6-6 tensile specimens conforming to the casing of self-contained fire extinguisher systems have been exposed to hydrochloric, nitric, and sulfuric acids. This information was used to predict the performance of a load bearing engineering component comprised of nylon 6-6 and designed to operate in a consistent manner over a specified time period. The study provides a fundamental understanding of the engineering performance of the fire suppression system and the effects of environmental degradation due to acid exposure on engineering performance. Data generated help identify the limitations of self-contained fire extinguishers. No critical areas of concern for plutonium glovebox applications of nylon 6-6 have been identified when considering exposure to mineral acid.« less

  10. Reliability study of an emerging fire suppression system

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Miller, David A.; Rossati, Lyric M.; Fritz, Nathan K.

    Self-contained fire extinguishers are a robust, reliable and minimally invasive means of fire suppression for gloveboxes. Plutonium gloveboxes are known to present harsh environmental conditions for polymer materials, these include radiation damage and chemical exposure, both of which tend to degrade the lifetime of engineered polymer components. The primary component of interest in self-contained fire extinguishers is the nylon 6-6 machined tube that comprises the main body of the system.Thermo-mechanical modeling and characterization of nylon 6-6 for use in plutonium glovebox applications has been carried out. Data has been generated regarding property degradation leading to poor, or reduced, engineering performancemore » of nylon 6-6 components. In this study, nylon 6-6 tensile specimens conforming to the casing of self-contained fire extinguisher systems have been exposed to hydrochloric, nitric, and sulfuric acids. This information was used to predict the performance of a load bearing engineering component comprised of nylon 6-6 and designed to operate in a consistent manner over a specified time period. The study provides a fundamental understanding of the engineering performance of the fire suppression system and the effects of environmental degradation due to acid exposure on engineering performance. Data generated help identify the limitations of self-contained fire extinguishers. No critical areas of concern for plutonium glovebox applications of nylon 6-6 have been identified when considering exposure to mineral acid.« less

  11. Political and technical issues of coal fire extinction in the Kyoto framework

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Meyer, U.; Chen-Brauchler, D.; Rüter, H.; Fischer, C.; Bing, K.

    2009-04-01

    It is a highly desirable effort to extinguish as much coal fires as possible in short time to prevent large losses of energy resources and to minimise CO2 and other exhaust gas releases from such sources. Unfortunately, extinguishing coal fires needs massive financial investments, skilled man power, suited technology and a long time. Even mid to small scale coal fires need several months of extinguishing measures and of monitoring time after extinction resulting in expenditures of a minimum of several hundred thousand Euros. Large companies might be willing to spend money for coal fire extinction measures but smaller holdings or regional governments might not have the monetary resources for it. Since there is no law in China that demands coal fire extinction, measures under the Kyoto framework may be applied to sell CO2 certificates for prevented emissions from extinguished coal fires and thus used as a financial stimulus for coal fire extinction activities. The set-up for methodologies and project designs is especially complex for coal fire extinction measures and thus for necessary exploration, evaluation and monitoring using geophysical and remote sensing methods. A brief overview of most important formal and technical aspects is given to outline the conditions for a potentially successful CDM application on coal fires based on geophysical observations and numerical modelling.

  12. 46 CFR 105.35-15 - Fire hose.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 4 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Fire hose. 105.35-15 Section 105.35-15 Shipping COAST... VESSELS DISPENSING PETROLEUM PRODUCTS Fire Extinguishing Equipment § 105.35-15 Fire hose. (a) One length of fire hose shall be provided for each fire hydrant required. (b) Fire hose may be commercial fire...

  13. 46 CFR 105.35-15 - Fire hose.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 4 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Fire hose. 105.35-15 Section 105.35-15 Shipping COAST... VESSELS DISPENSING PETROLEUM PRODUCTS Fire Extinguishing Equipment § 105.35-15 Fire hose. (a) One length of fire hose shall be provided for each fire hydrant required. (b) Fire hose may be commercial fire...

  14. 46 CFR 105.35-15 - Fire hose.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 4 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Fire hose. 105.35-15 Section 105.35-15 Shipping COAST... VESSELS DISPENSING PETROLEUM PRODUCTS Fire Extinguishing Equipment § 105.35-15 Fire hose. (a) One length of fire hose shall be provided for each fire hydrant required. (b) Fire hose may be commercial fire...

  15. 46 CFR 105.35-15 - Fire hose.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 4 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Fire hose. 105.35-15 Section 105.35-15 Shipping COAST... VESSELS DISPENSING PETROLEUM PRODUCTS Fire Extinguishing Equipment § 105.35-15 Fire hose. (a) One length of fire hose shall be provided for each fire hydrant required. (b) Fire hose may be commercial fire...

  16. 46 CFR 167.45-1 - Steam, carbon dioxide, and halon fire extinguishing systems.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... accepted in lieu of the inert gas system for the protection of cargo holds, paint lockers, and similar... to each cargo-oil deep tank, lamp locker, oil room, and like compartments, which lamp locker, oil... lamp lockers, oil rooms, and like compartments may be taken from the nearest steam supply line...

  17. 46 CFR 167.45-1 - Steam, carbon dioxide, and halon fire extinguishing systems.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... accepted in lieu of the inert gas system for the protection of cargo holds, paint lockers, and similar... to each cargo-oil deep tank, lamp locker, oil room, and like compartments, which lamp locker, oil... lamp lockers, oil rooms, and like compartments may be taken from the nearest steam supply line...

  18. 14 CFR 23.1195 - Fire extinguishing systems.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... systems must be installed and compliance shown with the following: (1) Except for combustor, turbine, and tailpipe sections of turbine-engine installations that contain lines or components carrying flammable fluids or gases for which a fire originating in these sections is shown to be controllable, a fire...

  19. Shipboard Tests of Halon 1301 Test Gas Simulants

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1990-08-22

    Halon 1301 Test Gas Simulants," Memo Report, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC, 1989. 8. Air Products and Chemicals , Inc ., "SF6 , An... Products and Chemicals , Inc ., "Specialty Gas Material Safety Data Sheet, Sulfur Hexafluoride " Air Products and Chemicals, Specialty Gas Department...34 Washington, DC, 1978. 11. N.I. Sax, Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials, Sixth Edition, Van Nostrand Reinhold Company, New York, NY, 1984. 12. Air

  20. Emissions from simulated deep-seated fires in domestic waste.

    PubMed

    Lönnermark, Anders; Blomqvist, Per; Marklund, Stellan

    2008-01-01

    The emissions from deep-seated fires in domestic waste have been investigated. The gas phase yields of PAH, PCDD/F, PCB, HCB, particles, and metals associated to the particulate matter were analysed during a series of simulated deep-seated fires. The method of extinguishment was varied and in cases where water was used for extinguishment, the runoff water was analysed for PAH, PCDD/F, PCB, hexachlorobenzene, and metals. In total six tests were performed. In four of the tests, samples of the fire residue were analysed for PCDD/F, PCBs, and chlorobenzenes.

  1. 46 CFR 108.405 - Fire detection system.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 4 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Fire detection system. 108.405 Section 108.405 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) A-MOBILE OFFSHORE DRILLING UNITS DESIGN AND EQUIPMENT Fire Extinguishing Systems § 108.405 Fire detection system. (a) Each fire detection system and...

  2. 46 CFR 108.405 - Fire detection system.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 4 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Fire detection system. 108.405 Section 108.405 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) A-MOBILE OFFSHORE DRILLING UNITS DESIGN AND EQUIPMENT Fire Extinguishing Systems § 108.405 Fire detection system. (a) Each fire detection system and...

  3. 46 CFR 108.405 - Fire detection system.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 4 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Fire detection system. 108.405 Section 108.405 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) A-MOBILE OFFSHORE DRILLING UNITS DESIGN AND EQUIPMENT Fire Extinguishing Systems § 108.405 Fire detection system. (a) Each fire detection system and...

  4. 46 CFR 108.405 - Fire detection system.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 4 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Fire detection system. 108.405 Section 108.405 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) A-MOBILE OFFSHORE DRILLING UNITS DESIGN AND EQUIPMENT Fire Extinguishing Systems § 108.405 Fire detection system. (a) Each fire detection system and...

  5. Depositional characteristics of post-fire flooding following the Schultz Fire, San Francisco Peaks, Arizona

    Treesearch

    Karen A. Koestner; Mike D. Carroll; Daniel G. Neary; Peter E. Koestner; Ann Youberg

    2011-01-01

    During the summer of 2010 the northern Arizona mountain town of Flagstaff experienced three fires all blazing the same week in late-June, the height of the fire season for this region. By July 1st, all three were extinguished, but that was only the first phase of disturbance. The largest and most detrimental of these fires was the Schultz Fire. From June 20th to July...

  6. 29 CFR 1910.157 - Portable fire extinguishers.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... not intended for employee use and the employer has an emergency action plan and a fire prevention plan... employees from the workplace upon the sounding of a fire alarm signal and which includes an emergency action... be provided. (2) Where the employer has an emergency action plan meeting the requirements of § 1910...

  7. 14 CFR 25.859 - Combustion heater fire protection.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 1 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Combustion heater fire protection. 25.859....859 Combustion heater fire protection. (a) Combustion heater fire zones. The following combustion... surrounds the combustion chamber. However, no fire extinguishment is required in cabin ventilating air...

  8. 14 CFR 25.859 - Combustion heater fire protection.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 1 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Combustion heater fire protection. 25.859....859 Combustion heater fire protection. (a) Combustion heater fire zones. The following combustion... surrounds the combustion chamber. However, no fire extinguishment is required in cabin ventilating air...

  9. 14 CFR 25.859 - Combustion heater fire protection.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 1 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Combustion heater fire protection. 25.859....859 Combustion heater fire protection. (a) Combustion heater fire zones. The following combustion... surrounds the combustion chamber. However, no fire extinguishment is required in cabin ventilating air...

  10. 14 CFR 25.859 - Combustion heater fire protection.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Combustion heater fire protection. 25.859....859 Combustion heater fire protection. (a) Combustion heater fire zones. The following combustion... surrounds the combustion chamber. However, no fire extinguishment is required in cabin ventilating air...

  11. 14 CFR 25.859 - Combustion heater fire protection.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 1 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Combustion heater fire protection. 25.859....859 Combustion heater fire protection. (a) Combustion heater fire zones. The following combustion... surrounds the combustion chamber. However, no fire extinguishment is required in cabin ventilating air...

  12. 46 CFR 108.401 - Fire main system.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 4 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Fire main system. 108.401 Section 108.401 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) A-MOBILE OFFSHORE DRILLING UNITS DESIGN AND EQUIPMENT Fire Extinguishing Systems § 108.401 Fire main system. Each unit must have a fire main system. ...

  13. 46 CFR 108.401 - Fire main system.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Fire main system. 108.401 Section 108.401 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) A-MOBILE OFFSHORE DRILLING UNITS DESIGN AND EQUIPMENT Fire Extinguishing Systems § 108.401 Fire main system. Each unit must have a fire main system. ...

  14. 46 CFR 108.401 - Fire main system.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 4 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Fire main system. 108.401 Section 108.401 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) A-MOBILE OFFSHORE DRILLING UNITS DESIGN AND EQUIPMENT Fire Extinguishing Systems § 108.401 Fire main system. Each unit must have a fire main system. ...

  15. 46 CFR 108.401 - Fire main system.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 4 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Fire main system. 108.401 Section 108.401 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) A-MOBILE OFFSHORE DRILLING UNITS DESIGN AND EQUIPMENT Fire Extinguishing Systems § 108.401 Fire main system. Each unit must have a fire main system. ...

  16. 46 CFR 108.401 - Fire main system.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 4 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Fire main system. 108.401 Section 108.401 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) A-MOBILE OFFSHORE DRILLING UNITS DESIGN AND EQUIPMENT Fire Extinguishing Systems § 108.401 Fire main system. Each unit must have a fire main system. ...

  17. A national cohesive wildland fire management strategy

    Treesearch

    Forest Service U.S. Department of Agriculture; Office of Wildland Fire Coordination Department of the Interior

    2011-01-01

    Addressing wildfire is not simply a fire management, fire operations, or wildland-urban interface problem - it is a larger, more complex land management and societal issue. The vision for the next century is to: Safely and effectively extinguish fire, when needed; use fire where allowable; manage our natural resources; and as a Nation, live with wildland fire. Three...

  18. Emissions from an automobile fire.

    PubMed

    Lönnermark, Anders; Blomqvist, Per

    2006-02-01

    The emissions from automobile fires have been investigated. The main gas phase components were analysed in small-scale tests with representative material from an automobile. A more detailed investigation of full-scale simulated automobile fires was also conducted, including the characterisation of gas phase components, particulates and run-off water from extinguishing activities. Three separate full scale fire tests have been characterised: a fire ignited and developed in the engine compartment; a fire ignited inside the coupé, that was extinguished in the early stages; and a similar fire ignited inside the coupé that was allowed to spread until the entire vehicle was involved in the fire. The quantitative analysis of the smoke gases from the full-scale fires showed that emissions with a potentially negative impact on the environment, or chronic toxic effect on humans, were produced in significant quantities. These emissions included HCl, SO2, VOCs (e.g. benzene), PAHs, and PCDDs/PCDFs. Analysis of run-off water indicated that it was severely contaminated, containing elevated levels of both organic compounds and metals. Comparison with data from other vehicle fires found in the literature shows that contamination by lead, copper, zinc, and antimony appears to be significant in water run-off from these types of fires.

  19. Fire Protection for Rural Communities.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Hagevig, William A.

    Fire protection in rural Alaskan communities depends on individual home fire prevention and protection rather than on the services offered by a centralized fire department. Even when help is summoned to extinguish a blaze, aid does not come in the form of a cadre of highly trained firefighters; it comes instead from whomever happens to be in the…

  20. 46 CFR 108.499 - Fire axes.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Fire axes. 108.499 Section 108.499 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) A-MOBILE OFFSHORE DRILLING UNITS DESIGN AND EQUIPMENT Fire Extinguishing Systems Miscellaneous Firefighting Equipment § 108.499 Fire axes. Each unit must have at least two...

  1. Fire in the OR--developing a fire safety plan.

    PubMed

    McCarthy, Patricia M; Gaucher, Kenneth A

    2004-03-01

    Approximately 100 operating room fire occur each year in the United States. Although rare, fire in a perioperative setting can be disastrous for both patients and staff members. It is crucial that all perioperative departments have a well thought out and previously rehearsed fire plan in place. Multidisciplinary planning and implementation of regularly scheduled and scripted fire drills are essential to prevent adverse outcomes. Fire drills ensure that all staff members are familiar with the use and location of fire pull stations, fire extinguishers, and fire blankets. Fire drills also prepare staff members to evacuate the OR area if necessary. This article provides the information and framework necessary to develop and implement comprehensive OR fire safety plans that could make the difference between life and death in a fire emergency.

  2. 46 CFR 108.405 - Fire detection system.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Fire detection system. 108.405 Section 108.405 Shipping... EQUIPMENT Fire Extinguishing Systems § 108.405 Fire detection system. (a) Each fire detection system and each smoke detection system on a unit must— (1) Be approved by the Commandant; and (2) Have a visual...

  3. Blast Effects on Fires

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1980-12-01

    Film Records..........................33 Discussion and Interpretation..................34 CRIB FIRE EXTINGUISHMENT BY BLAST ................... 36...48 Phototransistor Records ................... 53 Film Records and Visual Observation. ............ 54 v Discussion and Interpretation...deflection by the barrier and a region of reverse flow behind the barrier; film coverage (with fires) indicates that fuel reignition occurs in the large

  4. 14 CFR 23.863 - Flammable fluid fire protection.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Flammable fluid fire protection. 23.863... Construction Fire Protection § 23.863 Flammable fluid fire protection. (a) In each area where flammable fluids... protective devices. (4) Means available for controlling or extinguishing a fire, such as stopping flow of...

  5. 76 FR 70885 - Updating Fire Safety Standards

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-11-16

    ... DEPARTMENT OF VETERANS AFFAIRS 38 CFR Part 59 RIN 2900-AN57 Updating Fire Safety Standards AGENCY... Fire Protection Association (NFPA) 101. This rule helps ensure the safety of veterans in the affected... publications are: NFPA 10, Standard for Portable Fire Extinguishers; NFPA 99, Standard for Health Care...

  6. 46 CFR 105.35-5 - Fire pumps.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Fire pumps. 105.35-5 Section 105.35-5 Shipping COAST... VESSELS DISPENSING PETROLEUM PRODUCTS Fire Extinguishing Equipment § 105.35-5 Fire pumps. (a) All vessels shall be provided with a hand operated portable fire pump having a capacity of at least 5 gallons per...

  7. 46 CFR 194.20-7 - Fire protection.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 7 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Fire protection. 194.20-7 Section 194.20-7 Shipping... Fire protection. (a) Each chemical storeroom shall be protected by a fixed automatic carbon dioxide... fire extinguishers are required in accordance with Table 193.50-10(a) of this subchapter. ...

  8. 46 CFR 108.404 - Selection of fire detection system.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Selection of fire detection system. 108.404 Section 108... DESIGN AND EQUIPMENT Fire Extinguishing Systems § 108.404 Selection of fire detection system. (a) If a... space. (b) The fire detection system must be designed to minimize false alarms. ...

  9. 46 CFR 108.413 - Fusible element fire detection system.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Fusible element fire detection system. 108.413 Section... UNITS DESIGN AND EQUIPMENT Fire Extinguishing Systems § 108.413 Fusible element fire detection system. (a) A fusible element fire detection system may be installed. (b) The arrangements for the system...

  10. 46 CFR 108.425 - Fire hoses and associated equipment.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... either: (1) Use National Standard fire hose coupling threads for the 11/2 inch (38 millimeter) and 21/2... 46 Shipping 4 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Fire hoses and associated equipment. 108.425 Section 108... DESIGN AND EQUIPMENT Fire Extinguishing Systems Fire Main System § 108.425 Fire hoses and associated...

  11. 46 CFR 108.425 - Fire hoses and associated equipment.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... either: (1) Use National Standard fire hose coupling threads for the 11/2 inch (38 millimeter) and 21/2... 46 Shipping 4 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Fire hoses and associated equipment. 108.425 Section 108... DESIGN AND EQUIPMENT Fire Extinguishing Systems Fire Main System § 108.425 Fire hoses and associated...

  12. 46 CFR 108.425 - Fire hoses and associated equipment.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... either: (1) Use National Standard fire hose coupling threads for the 11/2 inch (38 millimeter) and 21/2... 46 Shipping 4 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Fire hoses and associated equipment. 108.425 Section 108... DESIGN AND EQUIPMENT Fire Extinguishing Systems Fire Main System § 108.425 Fire hoses and associated...

  13. 14 CFR 23.863 - Flammable fluid fire protection.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 1 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Flammable fluid fire protection. 23.863... Construction Fire Protection § 23.863 Flammable fluid fire protection. (a) In each area where flammable fluids... fluids, shutting down equipment, fireproof containment, or use of extinguishing agents. (5) Ability of...

  14. 14 CFR 23.863 - Flammable fluid fire protection.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 1 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Flammable fluid fire protection. 23.863... Construction Fire Protection § 23.863 Flammable fluid fire protection. (a) In each area where flammable fluids... fluids, shutting down equipment, fireproof containment, or use of extinguishing agents. (5) Ability of...

  15. 14 CFR 23.863 - Flammable fluid fire protection.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 1 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Flammable fluid fire protection. 23.863... Construction Fire Protection § 23.863 Flammable fluid fire protection. (a) In each area where flammable fluids... fluids, shutting down equipment, fireproof containment, or use of extinguishing agents. (5) Ability of...

  16. 14 CFR 23.863 - Flammable fluid fire protection.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 1 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Flammable fluid fire protection. 23.863... Construction Fire Protection § 23.863 Flammable fluid fire protection. (a) In each area where flammable fluids... fluids, shutting down equipment, fireproof containment, or use of extinguishing agents. (5) Ability of...

  17. Electrical Cabinet Fire Extinguishment Testing

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2014-12-01

    Ins t series thes for the majo of soot (alth lenses in the arbon steel, re exposure ests. of each me cabinet (at aried with h above the above...ressure in th g pre-burn, 1 2 titute of Swe et was monit presented in Figure 19. re measured ssure sensor . be made con ssure in the e reduced the e...preven e of the extin r than the ov r pressure in opped to a n titute of Swe ra 25, was s ting pre-fire he major dif soot (despit exposure. in

  18. ZrP nanoplates based fire-fighting foams stabilizer

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Zhang, Lecheng; Cheng, Zhengdong; Li, Hai

    2015-03-01

    Firefighting foam, as a significant innovation in fire protection, greatly facilitates extinguishments for liquid pool fire. Recently, with developments in LNG industry, high-expansion firefighting foams are also used for extinguishing LNG fire or mitigating LNG leakage. Foam stabilizer, an ingredient in fire-fighting foam, stabilizes foam bubbles and maintains desired foam volume. Conventional foam stabilizers are organic molecules. In this work, we developed a inorganic based ZrP (Zr(HPO4)2 .H2O, Zirconium phosphate) plates functionalized as firefighting foam stabilizer, improving firefighting foam performance under harsh conditions. Several tests were conducted to illustrate performance. The mechanism for the foam stabilization is also proposed. Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA. Mary Kay O'Connor Process Safety Center, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843-3122

  19. 46 CFR 108.413 - Fusible element fire detection system.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 4 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Fusible element fire detection system. 108.413 Section 108.413 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) A-MOBILE OFFSHORE DRILLING UNITS DESIGN AND EQUIPMENT Fire Extinguishing Systems § 108.413 Fusible element fire detection system...

  20. 46 CFR 108.413 - Fusible element fire detection system.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 4 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Fusible element fire detection system. 108.413 Section 108.413 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) A-MOBILE OFFSHORE DRILLING UNITS DESIGN AND EQUIPMENT Fire Extinguishing Systems § 108.413 Fusible element fire detection system...

  1. 46 CFR 108.413 - Fusible element fire detection system.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 4 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Fusible element fire detection system. 108.413 Section 108.413 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) A-MOBILE OFFSHORE DRILLING UNITS DESIGN AND EQUIPMENT Fire Extinguishing Systems § 108.413 Fusible element fire detection system...

  2. 46 CFR 108.413 - Fusible element fire detection system.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 4 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Fusible element fire detection system. 108.413 Section 108.413 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) A-MOBILE OFFSHORE DRILLING UNITS DESIGN AND EQUIPMENT Fire Extinguishing Systems § 108.413 Fusible element fire detection system...

  3. A Mega-fire event in Central Russia: fire weather, radiative, and optical properties of the atmosphere, and consequences for subboreal forest plants

    Treesearch

    Nataly Y. Chubarova; Nickolay G. Prilepsky; Alexei N. Rublev; Allen R. Riebau

    2009-01-01

    In 2002, a major drought and prolonged high temperatures occurred in central Russia that resulted in unprecedented wildland fires. These fires occurred under extreme fire danger conditions and were impossible for the Russian authorities to extinguish. It is perhaps somewhat unique that the fires were first burning peat bogs and later forests, causing very massive smoke...

  4. 46 CFR 108.407 - Detectors for electric fire detection system.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Detectors for electric fire detection system. 108.407... DRILLING UNITS DESIGN AND EQUIPMENT Fire Extinguishing Systems § 108.407 Detectors for electric fire detection system. (a) Each detector in an electric fire detection system must be located where— (1) No...

  5. Ecotoxicity of waste water from industrial fires fighting

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Dobes, P.; Danihelka, P.; Janickova, S.; Marek, J.; Bernatikova, S.; Suchankova, J.; Baudisova, B.; Sikorova, L.; Soldan, P.

    2012-04-01

    As shown at several case studies, waste waters from extinguishing of industrial fires involving hazardous chemicals could be serious threat primary for surrounding environmental compartments (e.g. surface water, underground water, soil) and secondary for human beings, animals and plants. The negative impacts of the fire waters on the environment attracted public attention since the chemical accident in the Sandoz (Schweizerhalle) in November 1986 and this process continues. Last October, special Seminary on this topic has been organized by UNECE in Bonn. Mode of interaction of fire waters with the environment and potential transport mechanisms are still discussed. However, in many cases waste water polluted by extinguishing foam (always with high COD values), flammable or toxic dangerous substances as heavy metals, pesticides or POPs, are released to surface water or soil without proper decontamination, which can lead to environmental accident. For better understanding of this type of hazard and better coordination of firemen brigades and other responders, the ecotoxicity of such type of waste water should be evaluated in both laboratory tests and in water samples collected during real cases of industrial fires. Case studies, theoretical analysis of problem and toxicity tests on laboratory model samples (e.g. on bacteria, mustard seeds, daphnia and fishes) will provide additional necessary information. Preliminary analysis of waters from industrial fires (polymer material storage and galvanic plating facility) in the Czech Republic has already confirmed high toxicity. In first case the toxicity may be attributed to decomposition of burned material and extinguishing foams, in the latter case it can be related to cyanides in original electroplating baths. On the beginning of the year 2012, two years R&D project focused on reduction of extinguish waste water risk for the environment, was approved by Technology Agency of the Czech Republic.

  6. 46 CFR 167.45-40 - Fire-fighting equipment on nautical school ships using oil as fuel.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... following type and character: (a) In each boiler room and in each of the machinery spaces of a nautical... approved fire extinguishers of the foam type of not less than 9.5 liters (21/2 gallons) each or 2 or more approved fire extinguishers of the carbon dioxide type of not less than 33 kilograms (15 pounds) each must...

  7. 46 CFR 167.45-40 - Fire-fighting equipment on nautical school ships using oil as fuel.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... following type and character: (a) In each boiler room and in each of the machinery spaces of a nautical... approved fire extinguishers of the foam type of not less than 9.5 liters (21/2 gallons) each or 2 or more approved fire extinguishers of the carbon dioxide type of not less than 33 kilograms (15 pounds) each must...

  8. 30 CFR 75.1107-16 - Inspection of fire suppression devices.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... Systems” (NFPA No. 11A—1970). National Fire Code No. 13A “Care and Maintenance of Sprinkler Systems” (NFPA No. 13A—1971). National Fire Code No. 15 “Water Spray Fixed Systems for Fire Protection” (NFPA No. 15—1969). National Fire Code No. 17 “Dry Chemical Extinguishing Systems” (NFPA No. 17—1969). National Fire...

  9. 30 CFR 75.1107-16 - Inspection of fire suppression devices.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... Systems” (NFPA No. 11A—1970). National Fire Code No. 13A “Care and Maintenance of Sprinkler Systems” (NFPA No. 13A—1971). National Fire Code No. 15 “Water Spray Fixed Systems for Fire Protection” (NFPA No. 15—1969). National Fire Code No. 17 “Dry Chemical Extinguishing Systems” (NFPA No. 17—1969). National Fire...

  10. 30 CFR 75.1107-16 - Inspection of fire suppression devices.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... Systems” (NFPA No. 11A—1970). National Fire Code No. 13A “Care and Maintenance of Sprinkler Systems” (NFPA No. 13A—1971). National Fire Code No. 15 “Water Spray Fixed Systems for Fire Protection” (NFPA No. 15—1969). National Fire Code No. 17 “Dry Chemical Extinguishing Systems” (NFPA No. 17—1969). National Fire...

  11. 14 CFR 25.854 - Lavatory fire protection.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... AIRWORTHINESS STANDARDS: TRANSPORT CATEGORY AIRPLANES Design and Construction Fire Protection § 25.854 Lavatory fire protection. For airplanes with a passenger capacity of 20 or more: (a) Each lavatory must be... disposal receptacle for towels, paper, or waste, located within the lavatory. The extinguisher must be...

  12. 49 CFR 176.315 - Fire protection requirements.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... Detailed Requirements for Class 3 (Flammable) and Combustible Liquid Materials § 176.315 Fire protection... (flammable) or combustible liquid for which it is required. Each fire extinguisher must be accessible to the... (flammable) and combustible liquids stowage areas must be fitted with an approved combination solid stream...

  13. 42 CFR 403.744 - Condition of participation: Life safety from fire.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... written fire control plans that contain provisions for prompt reporting of fires; extinguishing fires...) The RNHCI must maintain written evidence of regular inspection and approval by State or local fire... contrary, the RNHCI may place alcohol-based hand rub dispensers in its facility if— (i) Use of alcohol...

  14. Putting Out Fires.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Dondero, Tom

    1998-01-01

    Examines school fire-prevention and emergency-response systems. Advises how administrators can help to protect lives and property, and select the detection and alarm systems that can provide the best protection. Discusses types of extinguishing systems to consider. Provides advice for stopping arson, (GR)

  15. 46 CFR 108.404 - Selection of fire detection system.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 4 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Selection of fire detection system. 108.404 Section 108.404 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) A-MOBILE OFFSHORE DRILLING UNITS DESIGN AND EQUIPMENT Fire Extinguishing Systems § 108.404 Selection of fire detection system. (a) If a...

  16. 46 CFR 108.404 - Selection of fire detection system.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 4 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Selection of fire detection system. 108.404 Section 108.404 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) A-MOBILE OFFSHORE DRILLING UNITS DESIGN AND EQUIPMENT Fire Extinguishing Systems § 108.404 Selection of fire detection system. (a) If a...

  17. 46 CFR 108.404 - Selection of fire detection system.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 4 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Selection of fire detection system. 108.404 Section 108.404 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) A-MOBILE OFFSHORE DRILLING UNITS DESIGN AND EQUIPMENT Fire Extinguishing Systems § 108.404 Selection of fire detection system. (a) If a...

  18. 46 CFR 108.404 - Selection of fire detection system.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 4 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Selection of fire detection system. 108.404 Section 108.404 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) A-MOBILE OFFSHORE DRILLING UNITS DESIGN AND EQUIPMENT Fire Extinguishing Systems § 108.404 Selection of fire detection system. (a) If a...

  19. 46 CFR 108.407 - Detectors for electric fire detection system.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 4 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Detectors for electric fire detection system. 108.407 Section 108.407 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) A-MOBILE OFFSHORE DRILLING UNITS DESIGN AND EQUIPMENT Fire Extinguishing Systems § 108.407 Detectors for electric fire...

  20. 46 CFR 108.407 - Detectors for electric fire detection system.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 4 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Detectors for electric fire detection system. 108.407 Section 108.407 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) A-MOBILE OFFSHORE DRILLING UNITS DESIGN AND EQUIPMENT Fire Extinguishing Systems § 108.407 Detectors for electric fire...

  1. 46 CFR 108.407 - Detectors for electric fire detection system.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 4 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Detectors for electric fire detection system. 108.407 Section 108.407 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) A-MOBILE OFFSHORE DRILLING UNITS DESIGN AND EQUIPMENT Fire Extinguishing Systems § 108.407 Detectors for electric fire...

  2. 46 CFR 108.407 - Detectors for electric fire detection system.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 4 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Detectors for electric fire detection system. 108.407 Section 108.407 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) A-MOBILE OFFSHORE DRILLING UNITS DESIGN AND EQUIPMENT Fire Extinguishing Systems § 108.407 Detectors for electric fire...

  3. 30 CFR 77.1916 - Welding, cutting, and soldering; fire protection.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Welding, cutting, and soldering; fire... OF UNDERGROUND COAL MINES Slope and Shaft Sinking § 77.1916 Welding, cutting, and soldering; fire protection. (a) One portable fire extinguisher shall be provided where welding, cutting, or soldering with...

  4. 30 CFR 77.1916 - Welding, cutting, and soldering; fire protection.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Welding, cutting, and soldering; fire... OF UNDERGROUND COAL MINES Slope and Shaft Sinking § 77.1916 Welding, cutting, and soldering; fire protection. (a) One portable fire extinguisher shall be provided where welding, cutting, or soldering with...

  5. 30 CFR 77.1916 - Welding, cutting, and soldering; fire protection.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Welding, cutting, and soldering; fire... OF UNDERGROUND COAL MINES Slope and Shaft Sinking § 77.1916 Welding, cutting, and soldering; fire protection. (a) One portable fire extinguisher shall be provided where welding, cutting, or soldering with...

  6. 30 CFR 77.1916 - Welding, cutting, and soldering; fire protection.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Welding, cutting, and soldering; fire... OF UNDERGROUND COAL MINES Slope and Shaft Sinking § 77.1916 Welding, cutting, and soldering; fire protection. (a) One portable fire extinguisher shall be provided where welding, cutting, or soldering with...

  7. 30 CFR 77.1916 - Welding, cutting, and soldering; fire protection.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Welding, cutting, and soldering; fire... OF UNDERGROUND COAL MINES Slope and Shaft Sinking § 77.1916 Welding, cutting, and soldering; fire protection. (a) One portable fire extinguisher shall be provided where welding, cutting, or soldering with...

  8. STS-30 crewmembers participate in fire fighting training at JSC

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    1989-01-01

    STS-30 Atlantis, Orbiter Vehicle (OV) 104, crewmembers participate in fire fighting training at JSC's fire training pit across from the Gilruth Center Bldg 207. Commander David M. Walker and Pilot Ronald J. Grabe use fire extinguishers to control blaze. Fire / security staff member Robert Fife coaches the two crewmembers during the training exercise.

  9. Metabolism and pharmacokinetics of selected halon replacement candidates.

    PubMed

    Dodd, D E; Brashear, W T; Vinegar, A

    1993-05-01

    Metabolism studies were conducted using Fischer 344 and Sprague-Dawley rats following inhalation exposure to 1.0% (v/v) air atmospheres of 1,1-dichloro-2,2,2-trifluoroethane (HCFC-123), 2-chloro-1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (HCFC-124), 1-chloro-1,1-difluoroethane (HCFC-142b), bromochlorodifluoromethane (Halon 1211), and perfluorohexane (PFH) for 2 h. There were no remarkable differences in results between the two strains of rats. Animals exposed to HCFC-123 or HCFC-124 excreted trifluoroacetic acid in their urine. Urinary fluoride concentrations were increased in rats exposed to HCFC-124, and urinary bromide levels were increased in rats exposed to Halon 1211. Small quantities of volatile metabolites 2-chloro-1,1,1-trifluoroethane (HCFC-133a) and 2-chloro-1,1-difluoroethylene were observed in the livers of rats exposed to HCFC-123. Rats exposed to HCFC-142b excreted chlorodifluoroacetic acid in their urine; no volatile metabolites were detected in tissue samples. For PFH studies, no metabolites were detected in the urine or tissues of exposed animals. These results are consistent with proposed oxidative and reductive pathways of metabolism for these chemicals. Pharmacokinetic studies were carried out in rats exposed by inhalation to 1.0%, 0.1%, or 0.01% of HCFC-123. Following exposure, blood concentrations of HCFC-123 fell sharply, whereas trifluoroacetic acid levels rose for approx. 5 h and then declined gradually. Using a physiologically based pharmacokinetic model, saturation of HCFC-123 metabolism was estimated to occur at approx. 0.2% (2000 ppm) HCFC-123.

  10. 46 CFR 193.05-1 - Fire detecting, manual alarm, and supervised patrol systems.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 7 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Fire detecting, manual alarm, and supervised patrol...) OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH VESSELS FIRE PROTECTION EQUIPMENT Fire Detecting and Extinguishing Equipment, Where Required § 193.05-1 Fire detecting, manual alarm, and supervised patrol systems. (a) Fire detecting, manual...

  11. 46 CFR 193.05-1 - Fire detecting, manual alarm, and supervised patrol systems.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 7 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Fire detecting, manual alarm, and supervised patrol...) OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH VESSELS FIRE PROTECTION EQUIPMENT Fire Detecting and Extinguishing Equipment, Where Required § 193.05-1 Fire detecting, manual alarm, and supervised patrol systems. (a) Fire detecting, manual...

  12. 46 CFR 193.05-1 - Fire detecting, manual alarm, and supervised patrol systems.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 7 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Fire detecting, manual alarm, and supervised patrol...) OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH VESSELS FIRE PROTECTION EQUIPMENT Fire Detecting and Extinguishing Equipment, Where Required § 193.05-1 Fire detecting, manual alarm, and supervised patrol systems. (a) Fire detecting, manual...

  13. 46 CFR 193.05-1 - Fire detecting, manual alarm, and supervised patrol systems.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 7 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Fire detecting, manual alarm, and supervised patrol...) OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH VESSELS FIRE PROTECTION EQUIPMENT Fire Detecting and Extinguishing Equipment, Where Required § 193.05-1 Fire detecting, manual alarm, and supervised patrol systems. (a) Fire detecting, manual...

  14. 46 CFR 95.05-1 - Fire detecting, manual alarm, and supervised patrol systems.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 4 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Fire detecting, manual alarm, and supervised patrol... AND MISCELLANEOUS VESSELS FIRE PROTECTION EQUIPMENT Fire Detecting and Extinguishing Equipment, Where Required § 95.05-1 Fire detecting, manual alarm, and supervised patrol systems. (a) Fire detecting, manual...

  15. 46 CFR 95.05-1 - Fire detecting, manual alarm, and supervised patrol systems.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Fire detecting, manual alarm, and supervised patrol... AND MISCELLANEOUS VESSELS FIRE PROTECTION EQUIPMENT Fire Detecting and Extinguishing Equipment, Where Required § 95.05-1 Fire detecting, manual alarm, and supervised patrol systems. (a) Fire detecting, manual...

  16. 46 CFR 193.05-1 - Fire detecting, manual alarm, and supervised patrol systems.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 7 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Fire detecting, manual alarm, and supervised patrol...) OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH VESSELS FIRE PROTECTION EQUIPMENT Fire Detecting and Extinguishing Equipment, Where Required § 193.05-1 Fire detecting, manual alarm, and supervised patrol systems. (a) Fire detecting, manual...

  17. 46 CFR 95.05-1 - Fire detecting, manual alarm, and supervised patrol systems.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 4 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Fire detecting, manual alarm, and supervised patrol... AND MISCELLANEOUS VESSELS FIRE PROTECTION EQUIPMENT Fire Detecting and Extinguishing Equipment, Where Required § 95.05-1 Fire detecting, manual alarm, and supervised patrol systems. (a) Fire detecting, manual...

  18. NASA helicopter helps fight brush fire at KSC

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    2000-01-01

    A NASA helicopter flies over fire-fighting equipment and personnel in order to drop its load of water on a wildfire at KSC. Before being extinguished, the fire burned about 20 acres at a site near gate 2C on Kennedy Parkway North (route 3).

  19. Fire prevention on airplanes. Part II

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Sabatier, J

    1929-01-01

    This part of the report presents a detailed examination of spark prevention, fire extinguishers, and fuel tank location and design. A continued program of investigations and research is also proposed.

  20. 29 CFR Appendix A to Subpart L of... - Fire Protection

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ..., amount, and frequency of training and education will be as varied as are the purposes for which fire... should be qualified to train fire brigade members and demonstrate skills in communication, methods of... situations including “wet drills” and, when feasible, extinguishment of actual mock fires. Frequency of...

  1. 29 CFR Appendix A to Subpart L of... - Fire Protection

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ..., amount, and frequency of training and education will be as varied as are the purposes for which fire... should be qualified to train fire brigade members and demonstrate skills in communication, methods of... situations including “wet drills” and, when feasible, extinguishment of actual mock fires. Frequency of...

  2. 29 CFR Appendix A to Subpart L of... - Fire Protection

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ..., amount, and frequency of training and education will be as varied as are the purposes for which fire... should be qualified to train fire brigade members and demonstrate skills in communication, methods of... situations including “wet drills” and, when feasible, extinguishment of actual mock fires. Frequency of...

  3. 29 CFR Appendix A to Subpart L of... - Fire Protection

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ..., amount, and frequency of training and education will be as varied as are the purposes for which fire... should be qualified to train fire brigade members and demonstrate skills in communication, methods of... situations including “wet drills” and, when feasible, extinguishment of actual mock fires. Frequency of...

  4. 25 CFR 163.28 - Fire management measures.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... wildfire protection needs and extinguish forest or range fires on Indian land. No expenses for fighting a... 25 Indians 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Fire management measures. 163.28 Section 163.28 Indians BUREAU OF INDIAN AFFAIRS, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR LAND AND WATER GENERAL FORESTRY REGULATIONS Forest...

  5. Experimental Extinguishment of Fires by Blast.

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1982-05-01

    Icopmy DTIC TAB I Unan-nounced Approved by: Justiri cat i O__ : R. C. Phillips, Director Chemical Engineering Laboratory D1str1i.:: to,/ G. R...SRI study. Of interest this year has been the role played by fuel type--notably, the Dertinent physico- chemical properties--compared with the...perturbing geometries on fire behavior. Present tests on common liquid fuels representing various combinations of physico- chemical properties demonstrate

  6. NASA helicopter helps fight brush fire at KSC

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    2000-01-01

    A NASA helicopter dips its fire-fighting bucket into the river to pick up and deliver a cargo of water to a wildfire at KSC. Before being extinguished, the fire burned about 20 acres at a site near gate 2C on Kennedy Parkway North (route 3).

  7. Alternative approach for fire suppression of class A, B and C fires in gloveboxes

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Rosenberger, Mark S; Tsiagkouris, James A

    2011-02-10

    Department of Energy (DOE) Orders and National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) Codes and Standards require fire suppression in gloveboxes. Several potential solutions have been and are currently being considered at Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL). The objective is to provide reliable, minimally invasive, and seismically robust fire suppression capable of extinguishing Class A, B, and C fires; achieve compliance with DOE and NFPA requirements; and provide value-added improvements to fire safety in gloveboxes. This report provides a brief summary of current approaches and also documents the successful fire tests conducted to prove that one approach, specifically Fire Foe{trademark} tubes, ismore » capable of achieving the requirement to provide reliable fire protection in gloveboxes in a cost-effective manner.« less

  8. 14 CFR 27.863 - Flammable fluid fire protection.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 1 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Flammable fluid fire protection. 27.863....863 Flammable fluid fire protection. (a) In each area where flammable fluids or vapors might escape by..., fireproof containment, or use of extinguishing agents. (5) Ability of rotorcraft components that are...

  9. 14 CFR 27.863 - Flammable fluid fire protection.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Flammable fluid fire protection. 27.863....863 Flammable fluid fire protection. (a) In each area where flammable fluids or vapors might escape by..., fireproof containment, or use of extinguishing agents. (5) Ability of rotorcraft components that are...

  10. 14 CFR 29.863 - Flammable fluid fire protection.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 1 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Flammable fluid fire protection. 29.863... § 29.863 Flammable fluid fire protection. (a) In each area where flammable fluids or vapors might..., shutting down equipment, fireproof containment, or use of extinguishing agents. (5) Ability of rotorcraft...

  11. 14 CFR 29.863 - Flammable fluid fire protection.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 1 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Flammable fluid fire protection. 29.863... § 29.863 Flammable fluid fire protection. (a) In each area where flammable fluids or vapors might..., shutting down equipment, fireproof containment, or use of extinguishing agents. (5) Ability of rotorcraft...

  12. 14 CFR 29.863 - Flammable fluid fire protection.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 1 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Flammable fluid fire protection. 29.863... § 29.863 Flammable fluid fire protection. (a) In each area where flammable fluids or vapors might..., shutting down equipment, fireproof containment, or use of extinguishing agents. (5) Ability of rotorcraft...

  13. 14 CFR 29.863 - Flammable fluid fire protection.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 1 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Flammable fluid fire protection. 29.863... § 29.863 Flammable fluid fire protection. (a) In each area where flammable fluids or vapors might..., shutting down equipment, fireproof containment, or use of extinguishing agents. (5) Ability of rotorcraft...

  14. 14 CFR 27.863 - Flammable fluid fire protection.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 1 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Flammable fluid fire protection. 27.863....863 Flammable fluid fire protection. (a) In each area where flammable fluids or vapors might escape by..., fireproof containment, or use of extinguishing agents. (5) Ability of rotorcraft components that are...

  15. 14 CFR 27.863 - Flammable fluid fire protection.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 1 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Flammable fluid fire protection. 27.863....863 Flammable fluid fire protection. (a) In each area where flammable fluids or vapors might escape by..., fireproof containment, or use of extinguishing agents. (5) Ability of rotorcraft components that are...

  16. 14 CFR 27.863 - Flammable fluid fire protection.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 1 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Flammable fluid fire protection. 27.863....863 Flammable fluid fire protection. (a) In each area where flammable fluids or vapors might escape by..., fireproof containment, or use of extinguishing agents. (5) Ability of rotorcraft components that are...

  17. Reported fire safety and first-aid amenities in Airbnb venues in 16 American cities.

    PubMed

    Kennedy, Hudson R; Jones, Vanya C; Gielen, Andrea

    2018-05-07

    Airbnb helps hosts rent all or part of their home to guests as an alternative to traditional hospitality settings. Airbnb venues are not uniformly regulated across the USA. This study quantified the reported prevalence of fire safety and first-aid amenities in Airbnb venues in the USA. The sample includes 120 691 venues in 16 US cities. Proportions of host-reported smoke and carbon monoxide (CO) detectors, fire extinguishers and first-aid kits were calculated. The proportion of venues that reportedly contained amenities are as follows: smoke detectors 80% (n=96 087), CO detectors 57.5% (n=69 346), fire extinguishers 42% (n=50 884) and first-aid kits 36% (n=43 497). Among this sample of Airbnb venues, safety deficiencies were noted. While most venues had smoke alarms, approximately 1/2 had CO alarms and less than 1/2 reported having a fire extinguishers or first-aid kits. Local and state governments or Airbnb must implement regulations compliant with current National Fire Protection Association fire safety standards. © Article author(s) (or their employer(s) unless otherwise stated in the text of the article) 2018. All rights reserved. No commercial use is permitted unless otherwise expressly granted.

  18. 14 CFR 25.863 - Flammable fluid fire protection.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 1 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Flammable fluid fire protection. 25.863....863 Flammable fluid fire protection. (a) In each area where flammable fluids or vapors might escape by..., fireproof containment, or use of extinguishing agents. (5) Ability of airplane components that are critical...

  19. 14 CFR 25.863 - Flammable fluid fire protection.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 1 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Flammable fluid fire protection. 25.863....863 Flammable fluid fire protection. (a) In each area where flammable fluids or vapors might escape by..., fireproof containment, or use of extinguishing agents. (5) Ability of airplane components that are critical...

  20. 14 CFR 25.863 - Flammable fluid fire protection.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 1 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Flammable fluid fire protection. 25.863....863 Flammable fluid fire protection. (a) In each area where flammable fluids or vapors might escape by..., fireproof containment, or use of extinguishing agents. (5) Ability of airplane components that are critical...

  1. 14 CFR 25.863 - Flammable fluid fire protection.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 1 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Flammable fluid fire protection. 25.863....863 Flammable fluid fire protection. (a) In each area where flammable fluids or vapors might escape by..., fireproof containment, or use of extinguishing agents. (5) Ability of airplane components that are critical...

  2. 75 FR 7342 - Airworthiness Directives; SICLI Halon 1211 Portable Fire Extinguishers as Installed on Various...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-02-19

    ... INFORMATION CONTACT: For transport airplanes: Dan Rodina, Aerospace Engineer, International Branch, ANM-116...) 227-2125; fax (425) 227-1149. For small airplanes: Leslie B. Taylor, Aerospace Engineer, Standards... concern. The results of the ongoing investigation have now established that LyonTech Engineering Ltd, a UK...

  3. 14 CFR 29.1199 - Extinguishing agent containers.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Extinguishing agent containers. 29.1199....1199 Extinguishing agent containers. (a) Each extinguishing agent container must have a pressure relief to prevent bursting of the container by excessive internal pressures. (b) The discharge end of each...

  4. Treatability of Aqueous Film-Forming Foams Used for Fire Fighting.

    DTIC Science & Technology

    BIODETERIORATION, *FIRE EXTINGUISHING AGENTS, SURFACE ACTIVE SUBSTANCES, FLUORINATED HYDROCARBONS, FOAM , ACTIVATED SLUDGE PROCESS, ACTIVATED CARBON, TOXICITY, WASTE DISPOSAL, TABLES(DATA), ADSORPTION.

  5. Combustion and fires in low gravity

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Friedman, Robert

    1994-01-01

    Fire safety always receives priority attention in NASA mission designs and operations, with emphasis on fire prevention and material acceptance standards. Recently, interest in spacecraft fire-safety research and development has increased because improved understanding of the significant differences between low-gravity and normal-gravity combustion suggests that present fire-safety techniques may be inadequate or, at best, non-optimal; and the complex and permanent orbital operations in Space Station Freedom demand a higher level of safety standards and practices. This presentation outlines current practices and problems in fire prevention and detection for spacecraft, specifically the Space Station Freedom's fire protection. Also addressed are current practices and problems in fire extinguishment for spacecraft.

  6. 29 CFR Appendix C to Subpart L of... - Fire Protection References For Further Information

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... National Standard for Occupational and Educational Eye and Face Protection, ANSI Z87.1; American National..., Batterymarch Park, Quincy, MA 02269 9. Standard for Dry Chemical Extinguishing Systems, ANSI/NFPA 17; National... systems—dry chemical: 1. Standard for Dry Chemical Extinguishing Systems, ANSI/NFPA 17; National Fire...

  7. 29 CFR Appendix C to Subpart L of... - Fire Protection References For Further Information

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ...—September 30, 1978. Evaluation and Performance of Open Circuit Breathing Apparatus. NU REG/CR-1235. Los.... § 1910.160. Fixed extinguishing systems—general information: 1. Standard for Foam Extinguishing Systems... for Hi-Expansion Foam Systems, ANSI/NFPA 11A; National Fire Protection Association, Batterymarch Park...

  8. Fire Protection for Munitions in Underground Storage Facilities

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2001-12-01

    ESFR ) K-25, 165 F (74 C) sprinkler heads, manufactured by Tyco, to provide a discharge density of 0.6 gpm/ft2 (24.4 lpm/m2). The system consisted of...extinguish the fire before adjacent stacks were impacted. Results showed that ESFR K-25 pendant sprinkler heads will operate and inhibit fire spread

  9. 33 CFR 145.10 - Locations and number of fire extinguishers required.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... vicinity of exits, either inside or outside of spaces. machinery spaces Gas-fired boilers B-II (CO2 or dry chemical) 2 required. Gas-fired boilers B-V 1 required. 1 Oil-fired boilers B-II 2 required. Oil-fired boilers B-V 2 required. 1 Internal combustion or gas turbine engines B-II 1 for each engine. 2 Electric...

  10. 33 CFR 145.10 - Locations and number of fire extinguishers required.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... vicinity of exits, either inside or outside of spaces. machinery spaces Gas-fired boilers B-II (CO2 or dry chemical) 2 required. Gas-fired boilers B-V 1 required. 1 Oil-fired boilers B-II 2 required. Oil-fired boilers B-V 2 required. 1 Internal combustion or gas turbine engines B-II 1 for each engine. 2 Electric...

  11. 33 CFR 145.10 - Locations and number of fire extinguishers required.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... vicinity of exits, either inside or outside of spaces. machinery spaces Gas-fired boilers B-II (CO2 or dry chemical) 2 required. Gas-fired boilers B-V 1 required. 1 Oil-fired boilers B-II 2 required. Oil-fired boilers B-V 2 required. 1 Internal combustion or gas turbine engines B-II 1 for each engine. 2 Electric...

  12. 33 CFR 145.10 - Locations and number of fire extinguishers required.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... vicinity of exits, either inside or outside of spaces. machinery spaces Gas-fired boilers B-II (CO2 or dry chemical) 2 required. Gas-fired boilers B-V 1 required. 1 Oil-fired boilers B-II 2 required. Oil-fired boilers B-V 2 required. 1 Internal combustion or gas turbine engines B-II 1 for each engine. 2 Electric...

  13. 33 CFR 145.10 - Locations and number of fire extinguishers required.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... vicinity of exits, either inside or outside of spaces. machinery spaces Gas-fired boilers B-II (CO2 or dry chemical) 2 required. Gas-fired boilers B-V 1 required. 1 Oil-fired boilers B-II 2 required. Oil-fired boilers B-V 2 required. 1 Internal combustion or gas turbine engines B-II 1 for each engine. 2 Electric...

  14. Engineering and Development Program Plan, Aircraft Cabin Fire Safety.

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1980-06-01

    relative to a postcrash fuel fire, or whether advanced materials provide a significant safety benefit in comparison to inservice materials. if either...have always been controlled by early detection and prompt extinguishment action by effectively trained crew members. In addition, the fire resistant...occupants. g. Develop a computer fire test data bank with broad user availability for inservice and candidate cabin interior materials. h. Identify

  15. Expert systems applied to spacecraft fire safety

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Smith, Richard L.; Kashiwagi, Takashi

    1989-01-01

    Expert systems are problem-solving programs that combine a knowledge base and a reasoning mechanism to simulate a human expert. The development of an expert system to manage fire safety in spacecraft, in particular the NASA Space Station Freedom, is difficult but clearly advantageous in the long-term. Some needs in low-gravity flammability characteristics, ventilating-flow effects, fire detection, fire extinguishment, and decision models, all necessary to establish the knowledge base for an expert system, are discussed.

  16. 36 CFR 327.10 - Fires.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... Fires. (a) Gasoline and other fuels, except that which is contained in storage tanks of vehicles... completely extinguished prior to departure. The burning of materials that produce toxic fumes, including, but.... The District Commander may prohibit open burning of any type for environmental considerations. (c...

  17. Fire safety concerns in space operations

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Friedman, Robert

    1987-01-01

    This paper reviews the state-of-the-art in fire control techniques and identifies important issues for continuing research, technology, and standards. For the future permanent orbiting facility, the space station, fire prevention and control calls for not only more stringent fire safety due to the long-term and complex missions, but also for simplified and flexible safety rules to accommodate the variety of users. Future research must address a better understanding of the microgravity space environment as it influences fire propagation and extinction and the application of the technology of fire detection, extinguishment, and material assessment. Spacecraft fire safety should also consider the adaptation of methods and concepts derived from aircraft and undersea experience.

  18. 29 CFR 1910.161 - Fixed extinguishing systems, dry chemical.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 29 Labor 5 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Fixed extinguishing systems, dry chemical. 1910.161 Section... § 1910.161 Fixed extinguishing systems, dry chemical. (a) Scope and application. This section applies to all fixed extinguishing systems, using dry chemical as the extinguishing agent, installed to meet a...

  19. 29 CFR 1910.161 - Fixed extinguishing systems, dry chemical.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 29 Labor 5 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Fixed extinguishing systems, dry chemical. 1910.161 Section... § 1910.161 Fixed extinguishing systems, dry chemical. (a) Scope and application. This section applies to all fixed extinguishing systems, using dry chemical as the extinguishing agent, installed to meet a...

  20. 29 CFR 1910.161 - Fixed extinguishing systems, dry chemical.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... 29 Labor 5 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Fixed extinguishing systems, dry chemical. 1910.161 Section... § 1910.161 Fixed extinguishing systems, dry chemical. (a) Scope and application. This section applies to all fixed extinguishing systems, using dry chemical as the extinguishing agent, installed to meet a...

  1. 29 CFR 1910.161 - Fixed extinguishing systems, dry chemical.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... 29 Labor 5 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Fixed extinguishing systems, dry chemical. 1910.161 Section... § 1910.161 Fixed extinguishing systems, dry chemical. (a) Scope and application. This section applies to all fixed extinguishing systems, using dry chemical as the extinguishing agent, installed to meet a...

  2. 29 CFR 1910.161 - Fixed extinguishing systems, dry chemical.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... 29 Labor 5 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Fixed extinguishing systems, dry chemical. 1910.161 Section... § 1910.161 Fixed extinguishing systems, dry chemical. (a) Scope and application. This section applies to all fixed extinguishing systems, using dry chemical as the extinguishing agent, installed to meet a...

  3. DETERMINATION OF PERFLUOROCARBOXYLATES IN GROUNDWATER IMPACTED BY FIRE-FIGHTING ACTIVITY. (R821195)

    EPA Science Inventory

    Perfluorinated surfactants are used in aqueous film forming foam (AFFF)
    formulations, which are used to extinguish hydrocarbon-fuel fires. Virtually
    nothing is known about the occurrence of perfluorinated surfactants in the
    environment, in particular, at fire-train...

  4. Evaluation of CO2, N2 and He as Fire Suppression Agents in Microgravity

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Ruff, Gary A.; Hicks, Michael; Pettegrew, Richard

    2004-01-01

    The U.S. modules of the International Space Station use gaseous CO2 as the fire extinguishing agent. This was selected as a result of extensive experience with CO2 as a fire suppressant in terrestrial applications, trade studies on various suppressants, and experiments. The selection of fire suppressants and suppression strategies for NASA s Lunar and Martian exploration missions will be based on the same studies and normal-gravity data unless reduced gravity fire suppression data is obtained. In this study, the suppressant agent concentrations required to extinguish a flame in low velocity convective flows within the 20-sec of low gravity on the KC-135 aircraft were investigated. Suppressant gas mixtures of CO2, N2, and He with the balance being oxygen/nitrogen mixtures with either 21% or 25% O2 were used to suppress flames on a 19-mm diameter PMMA cylinder in reduced gravity. For each of the suppressant mixtures, limiting concentrations were established that would extinguish the flame at any velocity. Similarly, concentrations were established that would not extinguish the flame. The limiting concentrations were generally consistent with previous studies but did suggest that geometry had an effect on the limiting conditions. Between the extinction and non-extinction limits, the suppression characteristics depended on the extinguishing agent, flow velocity, and O2 concentration. The limiting velocity data from the CO2, He, and N2 suppressants were well correlated using an effective mixture enthalpy per mole of O2, indicating that all act via O2 displacement and cooling mechanisms. In reduced gravity, the agent concentration required to suppress the flames increased as the velocity increased, up to approximately 10 cm/s (the maximum velocity evaluated in this experiment). The effective enthalpy required to extinguish flames at velocities of 10 cm/s is approximately the same as the concentrations in normal gravity. A computational study is underway to further

  5. Fire Rescue Exercise

    NASA Image and Video Library

    2014-03-06

    CAPE CANAVERAL, Fla. - Special Rescue Operations firefighters with NASA Fire Rescue Services in the Protective Services Office at NASA’s Kennedy Space Center in Florida participate in a training exercise at the Shuttle Landing Facility. Firefighters use fire trucks and hoses to extinguish flames burning on and around a mock-up of a small plane. Kennedy’s firefighters recently achieved Pro Board Certification in aerial fire truck operations and completed vehicle extrication training using the Jaws of Life. The Protective Services Office is one step closer to achieving certification in vehicle machinery extrication and other rescue skills. Kennedy’s firefighters are with G4S Government Solutions Inc., on the Kennedy Protective Services Contract. Photo credit: NASA/Kim Shiflett

  6. 33 CFR 145.05 - Classification of fire extinguishers.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... SECURITY (CONTINUED) OUTER CONTINENTAL SHELF ACTIVITIES FIRE-FIGHTING EQUIPMENT § 145.05 Classification of... means so that all portions of the space concerned may be covered. Examples of size graduations for some...

  7. 33 CFR 145.05 - Classification of fire extinguishers.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... SECURITY (CONTINUED) OUTER CONTINENTAL SHELF ACTIVITIES FIRE-FIGHTING EQUIPMENT § 145.05 Classification of... means so that all portions of the space concerned may be covered. Examples of size graduations for some...

  8. 33 CFR 145.05 - Classification of fire extinguishers.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... SECURITY (CONTINUED) OUTER CONTINENTAL SHELF ACTIVITIES FIRE-FIGHTING EQUIPMENT § 145.05 Classification of... means so that all portions of the space concerned may be covered. Examples of size graduations for some...

  9. 46 CFR 115.810 - Fire protection.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... (7) Inspection and testing of smoke and fire detecting systems (including sensors and alarms) and... Coast Guard inspector. Dry chemical (cartridge operated) Examine pressure cartridge and replace if end... clear. Insert charged cartridge. Ensure dry chemical is free flowing, not caked, and extinguisher...

  10. 46 CFR 115.810 - Fire protection.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... (7) Inspection and testing of smoke and fire detecting systems (including sensors and alarms) and... Coast Guard inspector. Dry chemical (cartridge operated) Examine pressure cartridge and replace if end... clear. Insert charged cartridge. Ensure dry chemical is free flowing, not caked, and extinguisher...

  11. 46 CFR 115.810 - Fire protection.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... (7) Inspection and testing of smoke and fire detecting systems (including sensors and alarms) and... Coast Guard inspector. Dry chemical (cartridge operated) Examine pressure cartridge and replace if end... clear. Insert charged cartridge. Ensure dry chemical is free flowing, not caked, and extinguisher...

  12. Fire Extinguishing Agents for Protection of Occupied Spaces in Military Ground Vehicles

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2015-10-14

    Ozone Depletion Potential (ODP) and Global Warming Potential (GWP). HFC-227 has high GWP. • The Army is considering replacing legacy agents with more...a l Ozone Depletion Potentiale 16 0 0 0 0 Global Warming Potentialf 6900 3500 1 0 0 Atmospheric Lifetime (yr) 65 33 0.014 0 0 S a f e t y Design...Extinguisher System  Discharge  in the STRYKER Combat  Vehicle: An Initial Assessment and Recommendations to Prevent Injury,” Walter Reed Army Institute of

  13. New Species of Fire Discovered: Fingering Flamelets Form a Dynamic Population

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Olson, Sandra L.; Miller, Fletcher J.; Wichman, Indrek S.

    2005-01-01

    Poets and artists have long used fire as a metaphor for life. At the NASA Glenn Research Center, recent experiments in a subcritical Rayleigh number flow channel demonstrated that this analogy holds up surprisingly well when tools developed to characterize a biological population are applied to a class of fire that occurs in near-extinction, weakly convective environments (such as microgravity) or in vertically confined spaces (such as our apparatus). Under these conditions, the flame breaks into numerous 'flamelets" that form a Turing-type reaction-diffusion fingering pattern as they spread across the fuel. It is standard practice on U.S. spacecraft for the astronaut crew to turn off the ventilation to help extinguish a fire, both to eliminate the fresh oxygen supply and to reduce the distribution of the smoke. When crew members think that the fire is fully extinguished, they reactivate the ventilation system to clear the smoke. However, some flamelets can survive, and our experiments have demonstrated that flamelets quickly grow into a large fire when ventilation increases.

  14. Coal Field Fire Fighting - Practiced methods, strategies and tactics

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Wündrich, T.; Korten, A. A.; Barth, U. H.

    2009-04-01

    Subsurface coal fires destroy millions of tons of coal each year, have an immense impact to the ecological surrounding and threaten further coal reservoirs. Due to enormous dimensions a coal seam fire can develop, high operational expenses are needed. As part of the Sino-German coal fire research initiative "Innovative technologies for exploration, extinction and monitoring of coal fires in Northern China" the research team of University of Wuppertal (BUW) focuses on fire extinction strategies and tactics as well as aspects of environmental and health safety. Besides the choice and the correct application of different extinction techniques further factors are essential for the successful extinction. Appropriate tactics, well trained and protected personnel and the choice of the best fitting extinguishing agents are necessary for the successful extinction of a coal seam fire. The chosen strategy for an extinction campaign is generally determined by urgency and importance. It may depend on national objectives and concepts of coal conservation, on environmental protection (e.g. commitment to green house gases (GHG) reductions), national funding and resources for fire fighting (e.g. personnel, infrastructure, vehicles, water pipelines); and computer-aided models and simulations of coal fire development from self ignition to extinction. In order to devise an optimal fire fighting strategy, "aims of protection" have to be defined in a first step. These may be: - directly affected coal seams; - neighboring seams and coalfields; - GHG emissions into the atmosphere; - Returns on investments (costs of fire fighting compared to value of saved coal). In a further step, it is imperative to decide whether the budget shall define the results, or the results define the budget; i.e. whether there are fixed objectives for the mission that will dictate the overall budget, or whether the limited resources available shall set the scope within which the best possible results shall be

  15. Experimental And Numerical Evaluation Of Gaseous Agents For Suppressing Cup-Burner Flames In Low Gravity

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Takahashi, Fumiaki; Linteris, Gregory T.; Katta, Viswanath R.

    2003-01-01

    Longer duration missions to the moon, to Mars, and on the International Space Station (ISS) increase the likelihood of accidental fires. NASA's fire safety program for human-crewed space flight is based largely on removing ignition sources and controlling the flammability of the material on-board. There is ongoing research to improve the flammability characterization of materials in low gravity; however, very little research has been conducted on fire suppression in the low-gravity environment. Although the existing suppression systems aboard the Space Shuttle (halon 1301, CF3Br) and the ISS (CO2 or water-based form) may continue to be used, alternative effective agents or techniques are desirable for long-duration missions. The goal of the present investigation is to: (1) understand the physical and chemical processes of fire suppression in various gravity and O2 levels simulating spacecraft, Mars, and moon missions; (2) provide rigorous testing of analytical models, which include detailed combustion-suppression chemistry and radiation sub-models, so that the model can be used to interpret (and predict) the suppression behavior in low gravity; and (3) provide basic research results useful for advances in space fire safety technology, including new fire-extinguishing agents and approaches.

  16. STS-29 crewmembers participate in fire fighting training at JSC

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    1988-01-01

    STS-29 Discovery, Orbiter Vehicle (OV) 103, crewmembers participate in fire fighting training at JSC's fire training pit across from the Gilruth Center Bldg 207. Mission Specialist (MS) Robert C. Springer (left) and Pilot John E. Blaha, controlling water hose nozzles, approach the blaze and attempt to extinguish it. They are followed by fire / security staff member Robert Fife (between hoses), Commander Michael L. Coats (left), and MS James P. Bagian.

  17. Fire Rescue Exercise

    NASA Image and Video Library

    2014-03-06

    CAPE CANAVERAL, Fla. - Special Rescue Operations firefighters with NASA Fire Rescue Services in the Protective Services Office at NASA’s Kennedy Space Center in Florida review procedures after participating in a training exercise at the Shuttle Landing Facility. During the training simulation, firefighters used fire trucks and hoses to extinguish flames burning on and around a mock-up of a small plane. Kennedy’s firefighters recently achieved Pro Board Certification in aerial fire truck operations and completed vehicle extrication training using the Jaws of Life. The Protective Services Office is one step closer to achieving certification in vehicle machinery extrication and other rescue skills. Kennedy’s firefighters are with G4S Government Solutions Inc., on the Kennedy Protective Services Contract. Photo credit: NASA/Kim Shiflett

  18. STS-42 crewmembers participate in JSC fire fighting training exercises

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    1991-01-01

    STS-42 Discovery, Orbiter Vehicle (OV) 103, Payload Specialist Ulf D. Merbold (far left), fire fighting trainer (center), Payload Specialist Roberta L. Bondar (holding hose nozzle), and backup Payload Specialist Roger K. Crouch position water hoses in the direction of a blazing fire in JSC's Fire Training Pit. The crewmembers and backup are learning fire extinguishing techniques during fire fighting and fire training exercises held at JSC's Fire Training Pit located across from the Gilruth Center Bldg 207. Merbold is representing the European Space Agency (ESA) and Bondar is representing Canada during the International Microgravity Laboratory 1 (IML-1) mission aboard OV-103.

  19. Propulsion and Energetics Panel Working Group 11 on Aircraft Fire Safety. Volume 2. Main Report

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1979-11-01

    which make burning metal particles a potent igni- tion source and extinguishment of bulk metal fires a difficult task. In the latter case, the difficulty...aircraft to fires induced by uncon- tained engine failures and internal engine metal fires . With respect to the uncontained engine failure current engine

  20. Recommendations related to Browns Ferry Fire

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Not Available

    1976-02-01

    Based on its review of the events transpiring before, during and after the Browns Ferry fire, the Review Group concludes that the probability of disruptive fires of the magnitude of the Browns Ferry event is small, and that there is no need to restrict operation of nuclear power plants for public safety. However, it is clear that much can and should be done to reduce even further the likelihood of disabling fires and to improve assurance of rapid extinguishment of fires that occur. Consideration should be given also to features that would increase further the ability of nuclear facilities tomore » withstand large fires without loss of important functions should such fires occur. The Review Group believes that improvements, especially in the areas of fire prevention and fire control, can and should be made in most existing facilities.« less

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