Alternative Conceptions of Plate Tectonics Held by Nonscience Undergraduates

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Clark, Scott K.; Libarkin, Julie C.; Kortz, Karen M.; Jordan, Sarah C.

2011-01-01

The theory of plate tectonics is the conceptual model through which most dynamic processes on Earth are understood. A solid understanding of the basic tenets of this theory is crucial in developing a scientifically literate public and future geoscientists. The size of plates and scale of tectonic processes are inherently unobservable,…

Gases as Idealized Lattices: A Rational Reconstruction of Students' Understanding of the Behavior of Gases.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Niaz, Mansoor

2000-01-01

Establishes a relationship between students' understanding of gases and its parallels in the history of science. Finds that college freshman students' alternative conceptions about gas behavior are resistant to change and recapitulate theories scientists held in the past, such as the Lattice Theory of Gases. (Contains 52 references.) (Author/WRM)

Using inquiry-based instruction with Web-based data archives to facilitate conceptual change about tides among preservice teachers

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ucar, Sedat

The purpose of this mixed methods study was to describe and understand preservice teachers' conceptions of tides and to explore an instructional strategy that might promote the learning of scientific concepts. The participants were preservice teachers in three initial licensure programs. A total of 80 graduate students, in secondary, middle, and early childhood education programs completed a multiple choice assessment of their knowledge of tides-related concepts. Thirty of the 80 participants were interviewed before the instruction. Nineteen of the 30 students who were interviewed also participated in the instruction and were interviewed after the instruction. These 19 students also completed both the pre-test and 18 of them completed the post-test on tides and related content. Data regarding the participants' conceptual understandings of tides were collected before and after the instruction using both qualitative and quantitative data collection methods. A multiple choice pre-test was developed by the researcher. The same test was used before and after the instructional intervention. Structured interviews were conducted with participants before and after instruction. In addition to interviews, participants were asked to write a short journal after instruction. The constant comparative method was used to analyze the qualitative data. Preservice teachers' conceptual understandings of tides were categorized under six different types of conceptual understandings. Before the instruction, all preservice teachers held alternative or alternative fragments as their types of conceptual understandings of tides, and these preservice teachers who held alternative conceptions about tides were likely to indicate that there is one tidal bulge on Earth. They tried to explain this one tidal bulge using various alternative conceptions. After completing an inquiry-based and technology-enhanced instruction of tides, preservice teachers were more likely to hold a scientific conceptual understanding. Also, after completion of the inquiry-based and technology-enhanced instruction, some preservice teachers were likely to continue to hold the conception that the rotation of the moon around the Earth during one 24-hour period causes the tides to move with the moon. The findings of the study provide evidence that inquiry-based and technology-enhanced instruction utilizing Web-based archived data sources can be used to promoting conceptual change among preservice teachers.

Assessment of electrochemical concepts: a comparative study involving senior high-school students in Indonesia and Japan

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rahayu, Sri; Treagust, David F.; Chandrasegaran, A. L.; Kita, Masakazu; Ibnu, Suhadi

2011-07-01

Background and purpose: This study investigated Indonesian and Japanese senior high-school students' understanding of electrochemistry concepts. Sample The questionnaire was administered to 244 Indonesian and 189 Japanese public senior high-school students. Design and methods An 18-item multiple-choice questionnaire relating to five conceptual categories (reactions occurring during electrolysis, differences between electrolytic and voltaic cells, movement of ions in voltaic cells, poles in voltaic cells, voltaic cell reactions) was administered. Results The findings of this study show that difficulties and alternative conceptions previously reported in the literature are held equally by students from a developing and developed country, Indonesian and Japan respectively. Conclusions Collectively, the findings suggest that students' understanding of electrochemistry concepts is relatively weak. Students from both samples shared common difficulties and displayed several alternative conceptions dealing with electrolysis, electricity flow, the voltaic cell and the electrode reactions. Not surprisingly, the students displayed limited consistency in understanding of the concepts in the five categories. This study has implications for teaching and learning, particularly in classroom discussions using models and computer animations in order to reinforce understanding at the sub-microscopic level.

Conceptual coherence of non-Newtonian worldviews in Force Concept Inventory data

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Scott, Terry F.; Schumayer, Dániel

2017-06-01

The Force Concept Inventory is one of the most popular and most analyzed multiple-choice concept tests used to investigate students' understanding of Newtonian mechanics. The correct answers poll a set of underlying Newtonian concepts and the coherence of these underlying concepts has been found in the data. However, this inventory was constructed after several years of research into the common preconceptions held by students and using these preconceptions as distractors in the questions. Their sole purpose is to deflect non-Newtonian candidates away from the correct answer. Alternatively, one can argue that the responses could also be treated as polling these preconceptions. In this paper we shift the emphasis of the analysis away from the correlation structure of the correct answers and look at the latent traits underlying the incorrect responses. Our analysis models the data employing exploratory factor analysis, which uses regularities in the data to suggest the existence of underlying structures in the cognitive processing of the students. This analysis allows us to determine whether the data support the claim that there are alternate non-Newtonian worldviews on which students' incorrect responses are based. The existence of such worldviews, and their coherence, could explain the resilience of non-Newtonian preconceptions and would have significant implications to the design of instruction methods. We find that there are indeed coherent alternate conceptions of the world which can be categorized using the results of the research that led to the construction of the Force Concept Inventory.

Science Misconceptions and Funds of Knowledge: Impact on STEM Choices

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Millham, R. A.

2015-12-01

Alternate conceptions (misconceptions) in science can hinder understandings and impact student growth and comfort level in the science classroom. Resarch has, and still does, demonstrate that science misconceptions are still prevelant in many conceptual frameworks. Although breaking down misconceptions to rebuild scientifically sound conceptual frameworks are practices used in many science classrooms, misconceptions still persist. After identifying specific misconceptions, we asked our participating teachers to conduct specific instructional interventions in an effort to mitigate misconceptions and bring about scientific understandings with excellent results overall. However, important factors also need condsideration: funds of knowledge and the abilty to determine the differnce between understandings and beliefs held by an individual. This abstract deals with what has been determined in the research conducted by the author, and the next steps to better understandings about how to mitigate alternate conceptions.

Mapping Conceptual Understanding of Algebraic Concepts: An Exploratory Investigation Involving Grade 8 Chinese Students

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Jin, Haiyue; Wong, Khoon Yoong

2015-01-01

Conceptual understanding is a major aim of mathematics education, and concept map has been used in non-mathematics research to uncover the relations among concepts held by students. This article presents the results of using concept map to assess conceptual understanding of basic algebraic concepts held by a group of 48 grade 8 Chinese students.…

A Lakatosian Conceptual Change Teaching Strategy Based on Student Ability to Build Models with Varying Degrees of Conceptual Understanding of Chemical Equilibrium

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Niaz, M.

The main objective of this study is to construct a Lakatosian teaching strategy that can facilitate conceptual change in students'' understanding of chemical equilibrium. The strategy is based on the premise that cognitive conflicts must have been engendered by the students themselves in trying to cope with different problem solving strategies. Results obtained (based on Venezuelan freshman students) show that the performance of the experimental group of students was generally better (especially on the immediate post tests) than that of the control group. It is concluded that a conceptual change teaching strategy must take into consideration the following aspects: a) core beliefs of the students in the topic (cf. ''hard core'', Lakatos 1970); b) exploration of the relationship between core beliefs and student alternative conceptions (misconceptions); c) cognitive complexity of the core belief can be broken down into a series of related and probing questions; d) students resist changes in their core beliefs by postulating ''auxiliary hypotheses'' in order to resolve their contradictions; e) students'' responses based on their alternative conceptions must be considered not as wrong, but rather as models, perhaps in the same sense as used by scientists to break the complexity of a problem; and f) students'' misconceptions be considered as alternative conceptions (theories) that compete with the present scientific theories and at times recapitulate theories scientists held in the past.

75 FR 74062 - Agency Information Collection Activities; Proposed Collection; Comment Request; Exceptions or...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-11-30

... Alternatives to Labeling Requirements for Products Held by the Strategic National Stockpile AGENCY: Food and... regulations related to the exceptions or alternatives to labeling requirements for products held by the... for Products Held by the Strategic National Stockpile--(OMB Control Number 0910-0614)-- Extension...

Proceedings of the Public Workshop on Alternative Separation Concepts: Presentations, Discussions and Recommendations, held at Atlantic City Airport, New Jersey, January 7, 8 and 9, 1981.

DTIC Science & Technology

1981-06-01

going on with the MITRE Corporation taking a look at the methods of providing ATARS ser- vice to aircraft in the traffic pattern. And we’re using some...SRDS ... "DABS, BCAS and ATARS " 31 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS . ... ........................ 37 SPEAKERS Andres Zellweger, FAA, OSEM ... 񕍜 Replacement...either EFR or normal IFR procedures is provided either by the DABS/ ATARS operating in a traffic separation rather than collision avoidance mode or by

21 CFR 610.68 - Exceptions or alternatives to labeling requirements for biological products held by the Strategic...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... requirements for biological products held by the Strategic National Stockpile. 610.68 Section 610.68 Food and... GENERAL BIOLOGICAL PRODUCTS STANDARDS Labeling Standards § 610.68 Exceptions or alternatives to labeling requirements for biological products held by the Strategic National Stockpile. (a) The appropriate FDA Center...

Concept Inventory Development Reveals Common Student Misconceptions about Microbiology †

PubMed Central

Briggs, Amy G.; Hughes, Lee E.; Brennan, Robert E.; Buchner, John; Horak, Rachel E. A.; Amburn, D. Sue Katz; McDonald, Ann H.; Primm, Todd P.; Smith, Ann C.; Stevens, Ann M.; Yung, Sunny B.; Paustian, Timothy D.

2017-01-01

Misconceptions, or alternative conceptions, are incorrect understandings that students have incorporated into their prior knowledge. The goal of this study was the identification of misconceptions in microbiology held by undergraduate students upon entry into an introductory, general microbiology course. This work was the first step in developing a microbiology concept inventory based on the American Society for Microbiology’s Recommended Curriculum Guidelines for Undergraduate Microbiology. Responses to true/false (T/F) questions accompanied by written explanations by undergraduate students at a diverse set of institutions were used to reveal misconceptions for fundamental microbiology concepts. These data were analyzed to identify the most difficult core concepts, misalignment between explanations and answer choices, and the most common misconceptions for each core concept. From across the core concepts, nineteen misconception themes found in at least 5% of the coded answers for a given question were identified. The top five misconceptions, with coded responses ranging from 19% to 43% of the explanations, are described, along with suggested classroom interventions. Identification of student misconceptions in microbiology provides a foundation upon which to understand students’ prior knowledge and to design appropriate tools for improving instruction in microbiology. PMID:29854046

Exploring Exemplary Elementary Teachers' Conceptions and Implementation of Inquiry Science

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Morrison, Judith A.

2013-01-01

This study was an exploration of the conceptions of inquiry science held by exemplary elementary teachers. The origins of these conceptions were explored in order to establish how best to improve elementary teachers' understanding and implementation of inquiry science teaching. Four focus group sessions were held as well as classroom observations.…

Pupils' Thinking and Course Requirements in Science Teaching (EKNA). Newsletter School Research.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Andersson, Bjorn; And Others

The ENKA Project is concerned with two major problem areas: the conceptions of physical and chemical phenomena, central to an upper level course, held by compulsory school pupils (grades 7-9) and the implications from descriptions of pupils' conceptions and ways of reasoning for current teaching practice. To determine conceptions held, pupils were…

Alienation, authenticity and the self.

PubMed

Rae, Gavin

2010-01-01

While many commentators have held that the concept "alienation" is of crucial importance when attempting to understand human existence, others have held that it is an inherently empty concept that we should abandon. In this article, I refute the latters' charge by showing that each conception of "alienation" is underpinned by a normative ontological conception of the preferable, or authentic, self and show that the concept "alienation" has ethical, existential and socio-political uses. From this I conclude that, when properly understood, the concept "alienation" can provide us with vital insights into human existence.

Examining the DSM-5 alternative personality disorder model operationalization of antisocial personality disorder and psychopathy in a male correctional sample.

PubMed

Wygant, Dustin B; Sellbom, Martin; Sleep, Chelsea E; Wall, Tina D; Applegate, Kathryn C; Krueger, Robert F; Patrick, Christopher J

2016-07-01

For decades, it has been known that the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) diagnosis of Antisocial Personality Disorder (ASPD) is a nonadequate operationalization of psychopathy (Crego & Widiger, 2015). The DSM-5 alternative model of personality disorders provides an opportunity to rectify some of these long held concerns. The current study compared the Section III alternative model's trait-based conception of ASPD with the categorical model from the main diagnostic codes section of DSM-5 in terms of associations with differing models of psychopathy. We also evaluated the validity of the trait-based conception more broadly in relation to measures of antisocial tendencies as well as psychopathy. Participants were 200 male inmates who were administered a battery of self-report and interview-based researcher rating measures of relevant constructs. Analyses showed that Section III ASPD outperformed Section II ASPD in predicting scores on Hare's (2003) Psychopathy Checklist-Revised (PCL-R; r = .88 vs. .59). Additionally, aggregate scores for Section III ASPD performed well in capturing variance in differing ASPD and psychopathy measures. Finally, we found that the Section III ASPD impairment criteria added incrementally to the Section III ASPD traits in predicting PCL-R psychopathy and SCID-II ASPD. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved).

Conceptions of the Nature of Science Held by Undergraduate Pre-Service Biology Teachers in South-West Nigeria

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Adedoyin, A. O.; Bello, G.

2017-01-01

This study investigated the conceptions of the nature of science held by pre-service undergraduate biology teachers in South-West, Nigeria. Specifically, the study examined the influence of their gender on their conceptions of the nature of science. The study was a descriptive research of the survey method. The population for the study comprised…

Exploring Student-Generated Animations, Combined with a Representational Pedagogy, as a Tool for Learning in Chemistry

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yaseen, Zeynep; Aubusson, Peter

2018-02-01

This article describes an investigation into teaching and learning with student-generated animations combined with a representational pedagogy. In particular, it reports on interactive discussions that were stimulated by the students' own animations as well as their critiques of experts' animations. Animations representing views of states of matter provided a vehicle by which to investigate learning in a series of lessons. The study was implemented with Year 11 high school students. After students constructed, presented and discussed their animations, they watched and critiqued experts' animations. They were then interviewed about the teaching-learning process. Most students (91%) spoke positively about follow-up discussion classes, saying that their previous conceptions and understanding of states of matter had improved. They explained that they had identified some alternative conceptions, which they had held regarding states of matter and explained how their conceptions had changed. They reported that the teaching/learning process had helped them to develop a deeper understanding of the changing states of matter.

A qualitative study of high school students' pre- and post-instructional conceptions in acid-base chemistry

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sheppard, Keith

This study investigated high school students' understanding of acid-base chemistry, prior to and after formal chemistry instruction. Sixteen students enrolled in a regular chemistry course were interviewed three times during the school year; before and after studying the topic of acids and bases and then while conducting a titration using a microcomputer-based laboratory (MBL). Oral, pictorial and graphical data were collected in a variety of acid-base practical tasks. The data were analyzed in two parts; first, common themes, ideas and alternative conceptions that students held were identified; second, profiles of each students were made to determine changes in their conceptions due to instruction. The findings showed that students had considerable difficulty with several areas of acid-base chemistry and did not develop an integrated conceptual understanding of the topic. Students were unable to describe acid-base concepts accurately and revealed a number of alternative conceptions, which remained unchanged by instruction. Specific areas of difficulty included the concepts of pH, neutralization, strength and the theoretical descriptions of acids and bases. Further, most students could not relate the concepts to actual solutions and were unable to describe acid-base phenomena at a sub-microscopic level. Student difficulties stemmed from a lack of understanding of some underlying and fundamental chemistry, such as the nature of chemical change and the particulate nature of matter. A number of factors were identified as contributing to these difficulties, and included the overstuffed nature of introductory chemistry itself, the emphasis in instruction on solving numerical problems and the dominant role played by the textbook. Further, the conceptual density of acid-base chemistry, the confusing nature of acid-base terminology and the lack of agreement about what material should be included in the chemistry curriculum were viewed as problematic. The study calls for a shift in introductory chemistry, from coverage of material to an emphasis on conceptual understanding, and suggests the use of more appropriate teaching strategies, the use of modern technologies, the inclusion of alternative modes of assessment and a re-evaluation of the chemistry introduced into the topic of acids and bases.

What`s fair is fair

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Nachtrieb, R.; Freidberg, J.P.

The newly elucidated strategy for the magnetic fusion program set forth by the Department of Energy calls for increased emphasis on alternate concepts. This strategy is motivated by the recognition that in spite of its many attractive features, a tokamak tends to be a low power density device, ultimately translating into large and corresponding expensive reactor. ITER, as it is currently envisaged, is a good example of a large, expensive, plain vanilla tokamak. In its defense, ITER rightly claims that its base design is very conservative in order to minimize the risk of failure. In order to increase power densitymore » and reduce cost there are two qualitatively different approaches that one can follow: discover advanced modes of tokamak operation or develop near alternate concepts. To decide which path to follow is a difficult task because of the uncertainties involved in making accurate comparisons between different concepts at different stages of development. One area, however, that most would agree is meaningful is ideal MHD stability. For any given concept to be credible as a reactor, it must at least be stable against macroscopic ideal MHD modes. The TPX design, for instance, goes to considerable trouble to obtain stability against external kinks: a close fitting metallic cage, rotation to stabilize the resistive wall version of the external kink, and, if all else fails, feedback. For credibility any other advanced tokamak or alternate concept should be held to the same standards of ideal MHD stability. As a first step in addressing this requirement we have investigated the stability of the RFP since it can be simply and accurately modeled as a straight cylinder. The RFP is well known to have good stability at high P against internal modes but is very unstable to external modes. We have developed a linear stability code which treats the plasma as an ideal compressible fluid, and includes longitudinal flow and a resistive wall.« less

Attitudes of Nigerian physicians toward a National Health Service.

PubMed

Umeh, J C; Freeman, R A; Garner, D D; Blevins, D E

1986-01-01

Despite efforts to improve health services in Nigeria, considerable problems in distribution and access persist. At present, the health care system in Nigeria is organized and financed at the states' level rather than at the national level. A severe maldistribution of resources exists, as does a lack of coordination among states. An alternative system, albeit expensive, is a National Health Service (NHS). The purpose of this research is to quantify physicians' attitudes towards the concept of NHS. Although physicians in Nigeria are mandated to provide government-funded support, a substantial private practice thrives. Accordingly, physicians' attitudes that may be transferred into behavior are a major determinate of a potential NHS' long term success. In summary, Hausa physicians from the north tended to be more favorable to NHS than did others. Also, younger physicians and those who believed Nigeria's present system to be inadequate favored NHS. There was no association between a physician's gender, locus of medical education, and source of support for medication education and attitude. Finally, physicians in private practice and those in urban areas held more negative attitudes. In spite of Nigeria's present difficulties, a NHS may become a viable alternative. At this point, the overall concept is not opposed by physicians.

An Analysis of Prospective Science Teachers' Understanding of the Nature of Science.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ogunniyi, M. B.

1982-01-01

An instrument was developed to measure conceptions of the language of science held by prospective Nigerian science teachers (N=106) relative to conceptions held by seven selected science philosophers (Carnap, Frank, Hempel, Kemeny, Nagel, Nash, and Popper). Subjects did not endorse the language of science associated with a particular philosopher.…

Using High-Content Imaging to Analyze Toxicological Tipping ...

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

Presentation at International Conference on Toxicological Alternatives & Translational Toxicology (ICTATT) held in China and Discussing the possibility of using High Content Imaging to Analyze Toxicological Tipping Points Slide Presentation at International Conference on Toxicological Alternatives & Translational Toxicology (ICTATT) held in China and Discussing the possibility of using High Content Imaging to Analyze Toxicological Tipping Points

76 FR 23819 - Agency Information Collection Activities; Submission for Office of Management and Budget Review...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-04-28

... Request; Exceptions or Alternatives to Labeling Requirements for Products Held by the Strategic National... ``Exceptions or Alternatives to Labeling Requirements for Products Held by the Strategic National Stockpile... written comments on the collection of information by May 31, 2011. ADDRESSES: To ensure that comments on...

Conceptual Representations of Flu and Microbial Illness Held by Students, Teachers, and Medical Professionals

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Jones, M. Gail; Rua, Melissa J.

2008-01-01

This study describes 5th, 8th, and 11th-grade students', teachers', and medical professionals' conceptions of flu and microbial illness. Participants constructed a concept map on "flu" and participated in a semi-structured interview. The results showed that these groups of students, teachers and medical professionals held and structured their…

Conceptions of Art Education Programs Held by a Rural and Remote Australian Community

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Page, Tara

2007-01-01

This article discusses the results of a one-year study in a physically isolated school community in Queensland, Australia. The decision-making processes in the selection of school subjects became the focus for interviews conducted with the school community (students, parents, and teachers) and the vehicle for identifying the held conceptions of…

Summary Report for National Aeronautics Space Administration (NASA) and Centro Para Prevencao da Poluicao (C3P) 2011 International Workshop on Environment and Alternative Energy

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Greene, Brian

2011-01-01

The C3P &. NASA International Workshop on Environment and Alternative Energy was held on November 15-18, 2011 at the European Space Agency (ESA)'s Research and Technology Centre (ESTEC) in Noordwijk, The Netherlands. The theme of the workshop was "Global Collaboration in Environmental and Alternative Energy Strategies". The workshop was held at ESTEC's conference center. More than 110 individuals from eleven countries attended the workshop. For the first time since the inception of NASA-C3P workshops, a full day was dedicated to a student session. Fifteen students from around the globe gave oral presentations along with poster displays relating to the latest technologies in environmental and alternative energy strategies. Judges from NASA, C3P and ESA awarded plaques to the top three students. In addition to the students, thirty eight U.S. and international subject matter experts presented on the following general environmental-related topics: (1) Hazardous materials management and substitution in support of space operations (2) Emerging renewable and alternative energy technologies (3) Sustainable development and redevelopment (4) Remediation technologies and strategies The workshop also included a panel discussion on the topic of the challenges of operating installations across borders. Throughout the workshop, attendees heard about the scope of environmental and energy challenges that industry and governments face. They heard about technologies for increasing energy efficiency and increasing use of renewable energy. They learned about ways companies and government agencies are using materials, processes, goods and services in a manner more respectful with the environment and in compliance with health and safety rules. The concept of partnerships and their inherent benefits was evidenced throughout the workshop. Partnering is a key aspect of sustainability because sustainable development is complicated. Through formal presentations and side discussions, attendees commented on the need for continued exploration of joint projects of mutual interest.

A process for developing and revising a learning progression on sea level rise using learners' explanations

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

McDonald, Robert Christopher

The purpose of this study was to explore the process of developing a learning progression (LP) on constructing explanations about sea level rise. I used a learning progressions theoretical framework informed by the situated cognition learning theory. During this exploration, I explicitly described my decision-making process as I developed and revised a hypothetical learning progression. Correspondingly, my research question was: What is a process by which a hypothetical learning progression on sea level rise is developed into an empirical learning progression using learners' explanations? To answer this question, I used a qualitative descriptive single case study with multiple embedded cases (Yin, 2014) that employed analytic induction (Denzin, 1970) to analyze data collected on middle school learners (grades 6-8). Data sources included written artifacts, classroom observations, and semi-structured interviews. Additionally, I kept a researcher journal to track my thinking about the learning progression throughout the research study. Using analytic induction to analyze collected data, I developed eight analytic concepts: participant explanation structures varied widely, global warming and ice melt cause sea level rise, participants held alternative conceptions about sea level rise, participants learned about thermal expansion as a fundamental aspect of sea level rise, participants learned to incorporate authentic scientific data, participants' mental models of the ocean varied widely, sea ice melt contributes to sea level rise, and participants held vague and alternative conceptions about how pollution impacts the ocean. I started with a hypothetical learning progression, gathered empirical data via various sources (especially semi-structured interviews), revised the hypothetical learning progression in response to those data, and ended with an empirical learning progression comprising six levels of learner thinking. As a result of developing an empirically based LP, I was able to compare two learning progressions on the same topic. By comparing my learning progression with the LP in Breslyn, McGinnis, McDonald, and Hestness (2016), I was able to confirm portions of the two learning progressions and explore different possible pathways for learners to achieve progress towards upper anchors of the LPs through targeted instruction. Implications for future LP research, curriculum, instruction, assessment, and policy related to learning progressions are presented.

21 CFR 809.11 - Exceptions or alternatives to labeling requirements for in vitro diagnostic products for human...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... requirements for in vitro diagnostic products for human use held by the Strategic National Stockpile. 809.11... (CONTINUED) MEDICAL DEVICES IN VITRO DIAGNOSTIC PRODUCTS FOR HUMAN USE Labeling § 809.11 Exceptions or alternatives to labeling requirements for in vitro diagnostic products for human use held by the Strategic...

21 CFR 809.11 - Exceptions or alternatives to labeling requirements for in vitro diagnostic products for human...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... requirements for in vitro diagnostic products for human use held by the Strategic National Stockpile. 809.11... (CONTINUED) MEDICAL DEVICES IN VITRO DIAGNOSTIC PRODUCTS FOR HUMAN USE Labeling § 809.11 Exceptions or alternatives to labeling requirements for in vitro diagnostic products for human use held by the Strategic...

21 CFR 201.26 - Exceptions or alternatives to labeling requirements for human drug products held by the Strategic...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... requirements for human drug products held by the Strategic National Stockpile. 201.26 Section 201.26 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES (CONTINUED) DRUGS: GENERAL LABELING General Labeling Provisions § 201.26 Exceptions or alternatives to labeling requirements for human...

Europe and Information Science.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ingwersen, Peter

1997-01-01

Discusses recent European library and information science (LIS) events. Describes the development and use of regional and intra-European Union networks for science. Highlights three European conferences held in 1996: ACM-SIGIR on information retrieval held in Switzerland, Information Seeking in Context (ISIC) held in Finland, and Conceptions of…

Impact of ETO propellants on the aerothermodynamic analyses of propulsion components

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Civinskas, K. C.; Boyle, R. J.; Mcconnaughey, H. V.

1988-01-01

The operating conditions and the propellant transport properties used in Earth-to-Orbit (ETO) applications affect the aerothermodynamic design of ETO turbomachinery in a number of ways. Some aerodynamic and heat transfer implications of the low molecular weight fluids and high Reynolds number operating conditions on future ETO turbomachinery are discussed. Using the current SSME high pressure fuel turbine as a baseline, the aerothermodynamic comparisons are made for two alternate fuel turbine geometries. The first is a revised first stage rotor blade designed to reduce peak heat transfer. This alternate design resulted in a 23 percent reduction in peak heat transfer. The second design concept was a single stage rotor to yield the same power output as the baseline two stage rotor. Since the rotor tip speed was held constant, the turbine work factor doubled. In this alternate design, the peak heat transfer remained the same as the baseline. While the efficiency of the single stage design was 3.1 points less than the baseline two stage turbine, the design was aerothermodynamically feasible, and may be structurally desirable.

The NASA X-Ray Mission Concepts Study

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Petre, Robert; Ptak, A.; Bookbinder, J.; Garcia, M.; Smith, R.; Bautz, M.; Bregman, J.; Burrows, D.; Cash, W.; Jones-Forman, C.;

Bridging the Gap Between Preservice Early Childhood Teachers' Cultural Values, Perceptions of Values Held by Scientists, and the Relationships of These Values to Conceptions of Nature of Science

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Akerson, Valarie L.; Buzzelli, Cary A.; Eastwood, Jennifer L.

2012-02-01

This study explored preservice teachers' views of their own cultural values, the cultural values they believed scientists hold, and the relationships of these views to their conceptions of nature of science (NOS). Parallel assignments in a foundations of early childhood education and a science methods course required preservice teachers to explore their own cultural backgrounds and their perceptions of the cultural backgrounds of scientists. The Schwartz Values Inventory was used to measure preservice teachers' personal cultural values and those they perceived of scientists. The Views of Nature of Science version B questionnaire and interviews assessed teachers' conceptions of NOS. Copies of student work were collected and sought for themes indicating how preservice teachers perceived scientists' cultural values and how those perceptions changed over time. We found that from the beginning to the end of the semester, preservice teachers perceived fewer differences between their own cultural values and those they perceived scientists held, though they did not change their own cultural values. We found that preservice teachers' NOS conceptions improved, and that they were related to both their cultural values and those they perceived scientists held. Preservice teachers who indicated the fewest differences between their own cultural values and those they perceived scientists held the most informed conceptions of NOS.

Conceptions of critical thinking held by nurse educators.

PubMed

Walthew, Patricia J

2004-09-01

This study investigated nurse educators' conceptions of critical thinking used in making judgment related to nursing. Twelve nurse educators from a large nursing school in an urban environment in New Zealand participated in this qualitative study. A semistructured questionnaire was used to explore the nurse educators' conceptions of critical thinking. The study found that the participants viewed rational, logical thinking as a central focus of critical thinking. However, in addition to these traditional perspectives, the nurse educators also included in their conceptions views more commonly held by feminist writers. These aspects focused on attention to intuition, subjective knowing, attention to context, emotions, and caring.

An Exploration of Indigenous Knowledge Related to Physics Concepts Held by Senior Citizens in Chókwé, Mozambique

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Muambalane Baquete, Aguiar; Grayson, Diane; Vasco Mutimucuio, Inocente

2016-01-01

Indigenous knowledge is at risk of being lost in many parts of the world. It is important to find ways to preserve it for both cultural and practical reasons, since it is often well-suited to addressing local needs using available resources. If indigenous knowledge can be incorporated into school science curricula, it can also provide familiar contexts within which to learn scientific concepts, as well as helping the younger generation to recognise its value. The purpose of this study was to identify indigenous knowledge that could be related to physics concepts, with a view to integrating it into school curricula. Twenty-nine senior citizens from Chókwé, a rural village in Mozambique, volunteered to participate in two sets of in-depth interviews. The first set of interviews was individual and unstructured in order to explore which aspects of indigenous knowledge might be related to physics concepts. The second set was semi-structured and conducted in small groups in order to probe participants' understanding and application of the identified physics concepts. The results showed that participants had indigenous knowledge that was useful to them in their daily lives and that were applications of thermal physics, static electricity and mechanics concepts. In some cases participants' explanations were aligned to physics explanations, in some cases they were similar to students' alternative conceptions identified in the literature, and in other cases they referred to supernatural phenomena.

Pharmaceutical interventions for mitigating an influenza pandemic: modeling the risks and health-economic impacts.

PubMed

Postma, Maarten J; Milne, George; Nelson, E Anthony S; Pyenson, Bruce; Basili, Marcello; Coker, Richard; Oxford, John; Garrison, Louis P

2010-12-01

Model-based analyses built on burden-of-disease and cost-effectiveness theory predict that pharmaceutical interventions may efficiently mitigate both the epidemiologic and economic impact of an influenza pandemic. Pharmaceutical interventions typically encompass the application of (pre)pandemic influenza vaccines, other vaccines (notably pneumococcal), antiviral treatments and other drug treatment (e.g., antibiotics to target potential complications of influenza). However, these models may be too limited to capture the full macro-economic impact of pandemic influenza. The aim of this article is to summarize current health-economic modeling approaches to recognize the strengths and weaknesses of these approaches, and to compare these with more recently proposed alternative methods. We conclude that it is useful, particularly for policy and planning purposes, to extend modeling concepts through the application of alternative approaches, including insurers' risk theories, human capital approaches and sectoral and full macro-economic modeling. This article builds on a roundtable meeting of the Pandemic Influenza Economic Impact Group that was held in Boston, MA, USA, in December 2008.

Choosing a Hand-Held Inventory Device

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Green, Lois; Hughes, Janet; Neff, Verne; Notartomas, Trish

2008-01-01

In spring of 2006, a task force was charged to look at the feasibility of acquiring hand-held inventory devices for the Pennsylvania State University Libraries (PSUL). The task force's charge was not to look at the whole concept of doing an inventory, but rather to focus on the feasibility of acquiring hand-held devices to use in an inventory.…

Promoting Innovative Thinking

PubMed Central

2015-01-01

Innovation is the engine of scientific progress, yet we do not train public health students to think creatively. I present the key concepts within an evidence-based method currently taught at the University of Texas. Habitual thought patterns involve deeply held framed expectations. Finding alternatives generates originality. Because frame breaking is difficult, a series of innovation heuristics and tools are offered including enhancing observation, using analogies, changing point of view, juggling opposites, broadening perspective, reversal, reorganization and combination, and getting the most from groups. Gaining cognitive attributes such as nonjudgment, willingness to question, mindfulness, and plasticity is also emphasized. Students completing the class demonstrate substantial increases on a standardized test of idea fluency and originality, more joyful attitudes toward science, and more pluralistic approaches. PMID:25706005

Inquiry-based Instruction with Archived, Online Data: An Intervention Study with Preservice Teachers

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ucar, Sedat; Trundle, Kathy Cabe; Krissek, Lawrence

2011-03-01

This mixed methods study described preservice teachers' conceptions of tides and explored the efficacy of integrating online data into inquiry-based instruction. Data sources included a multiple-choice assessment and in-depth interviews. A total of 79 participants in secondary, middle, and early childhood teacher education programs completed the multiple-choice assessment of their baseline knowledge of tides-related concepts. A sub-group of 29 participants also was interviewed to explore their understanding of tides in more detail before instruction. Eighteen of those 29 teachers participated in the instruction, were interviewed again after the instruction, and completed the multiple-choice assessment as a posttest. The interview data sets were analyzed via a constant comparative method in order to produce profiles of each participant's pre- and post-instruction conceptual understandings of tides. Additional quantitative analysis consisted of a paired-sample t-test, which investigated the changes in scores before and after the instructional intervention. Before instruction, all participants held alternative or alternative fragments as their conceptual understandings of tides. After completing the inquiry-based instruction that integrated online tidal data, participants were more likely to hold a scientific conceptual understanding. After instruction, some preservice teachers continued to hold on to the conception that the rotation of the moon around the Earth during one 24-hour period causes the tides to move with the moon. The quantitative results, however, indicated that pre- to post-instruction gains were significant. The findings of this study provide evidence that integrating Web-based archived data into inquiry-based instruction can be used to effectively promote conceptual change among preservice teachers.

Alternative conceptions of introductory geoscience students and a method to decrease them

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kortz, Karen Melissa

College students often leave introductory geoscience courses with alternative conceptions, and these alternative conceptions are a barrier to their grasp of geological conceptions. This dissertation clarifies the problem and suggests pedagogical strategies for correcting it. It is an integration of research on students' conceptions of geoscience topics with the application of that knowledge to the development of materials to change these conceptions to be more scientifically accurate. This research identifies and documents alternative conceptions students have in several key geoscience topics and the consequences of these alternative conception in terms of preventing understanding. After documenting the alternative conceptions, I investigate their sources. In addition, I develop ways in which the alternative conceptions can be addressed in classrooms in terms of non-traditional teaching techniques, and I assess the success of these methods. Chapter 1 addresses alternative conceptions in general introductory geoscience topics. I use known student alternative conceptions to develop a series of interactive materials to help reduce students' alternative conceptions. After their development, I assess the efficacy of these materials, and my research indicates that they are successful in helping students better learn the geoscience concepts. Chapter 2 deals with a particularly difficult topic for students---that of phylogenetic systematics. Students have an intuitive way of categorizing organisms, and this categorization is different from the system used by experts within the field. My investigation indicates the conceptual change required of students to fully understand the topic leads to great difficulties with learning. Drawing upon results of the research in Chapter 1, I developed and assessed interactive materials to help students better understand phylogenetic systematics. Using the insight gained from Chapters 1 and 2, Chapters 3 and 4 further examine students' conceptions in an area critical to understanding geology: rocks and their formation. My research indicates that students view rocks as objects independent from the processes that form and change them. In addition, I document students' alternative conceptions of rocks. Using these alternative conceptions, I look more deeply into the underlying factors that cause the difficulties students have with learning rocks, their formation, and their importance to the geosciences.

Examining the Conceptual Understandings of Geoscience Concepts of Students with Visual Impairments: Implications of 3-D Printing

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Koehler, Karen E.

The purpose of this qualitative study was to explore the use of 3-D printed models as an instructional tool in a middle school science classroom for students with visual impairments and compare their use to traditional tactile graphics for aiding conceptual understanding of geoscience concepts. Specifically, this study examined if the students' conceptual understanding of plate tectonics was different when 3-D printed objects were used versus traditional tactile graphics and explored the misconceptions held by students with visual impairments related to plate tectonics and associated geoscience concepts. Interview data was collected one week prior to instruction and one week after instruction and throughout the 3-week instructional period and additional ata sources included student journals, other student documents and audio taped instructional sessions. All students in the middle school classroom received instruction on plate tectonics using the same inquiry-based curriculum but during different time periods of the day. One group of students, the 3D group, had access to 3-D printed models illustrating specific geoscience concepts and the group of students, the TG group, had access to tactile graphics illustrating the same geoscience concepts. The videotaped pre and post interviews were transcribed, analyzed and coded for conceptual understanding using constant comparative analysis and to uncover student misconceptions. All student responses to the interview questions were categorized in terms of conceptual understanding. Analysis of student journals and classroom talk served to uncover student mental models and misconceptions about plate tectonics and associated geoscience concepts to measure conceptual understanding. A slight majority of the conceptual understanding before instruction was categorized as no understanding or alternative understanding and after instruction the larger majority of conceptual understanding was categorized as scientific or scientific with fragments. Most of the participants in the study increased their scientific understandings of plate tectonics and other geoscience concepts and held more scientific understandings after instruction than before instruction. All students had misconceptions before the instructional period began, but the number of misconceptions were fewer after the instructional period. Students in the TG group not only had fewer misconceptions than the 3D group before instruction, but also after instruction. Many of the student misconceptions were similar to those held by students with typical vision; however, some were unique to students with visual impairments. One unique aspect of this study was the examination of student mental models, which had not previously been done with students with visual impairments, but is more commonplace in research on students with typical vision. Student mental models were often descriptive rather than explanatory, often incorporating scientific language, but not clearly showing that the student had a complete grasp of the concept. Consistent with prior research, the use of 3-D printed models instead of tactile graphics seemed to make little difference either positively or negatively on student conceptual understanding; however, the participants did interact with the 3-D printed models differently, sometimes gleaning additional information from them. This study also provides additional support for inquiry-based instruction as an effective means of science instruction for students with visual impairments.

75 FR 52591 - Seventh Meeting: RTCA Special Committee 221: Aircraft Secondary Barriers and Alternative Flight...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-08-26

... Committee 221: Aircraft Secondary Barriers and Alternative Flight Deck Security Procedures AGENCY: Federal... Secondary Barriers and Alternative Flight Deck Security Procedures. SUMMARY: The FAA is issuing this notice... Alternative Flight Deck Security Procedures. DATES: The meeting will be held September 14-15, 2010. September...

Conceptions of Islamic Education: Pedagogical Framings. Global Studies in Education. Volume 3

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Waghid, Yusef

2011-01-01

"Conceptions of Islamic Education: Pedagogical Framings" argues that "madaris" (Muslim schools) cannot exclusively be held responsible for the cultivation of extremism. Islamic education can most appropriately be framed according to three interrelated concepts: "tarbiyyah" (rearing or nurturing), "ta'lim"…

75 FR 9016 - Fifth Meeting: RTCA Special Committee 221: Aircraft Secondary Barriers and Alternative Flight...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-02-26

... 221: Aircraft Secondary Barriers and Alternative Flight Deck Security Procedures AGENCY: Federal... Secondary Barriers and Alternative Flight Deck Security Procedures. SUMMARY: The FAA is issuing this notice... Alternative Flight Deck Security Procedures. DATES: The meeting will be held March 16-17, 2010. March 16th...

76 FR 38741 - Tenth Meeting: RTCA Special Committee 221: Aircraft Secondary Barriers and Alternative Flight...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-07-01

... 221: Aircraft Secondary Barriers and Alternative Flight Deck Security Procedures AGENCY: Federal... Secondary Barriers and Alternative Flight Deck Security Procedures. SUMMARY: The FAA is issuing this notice... Alternative Flight Deck Security Procedures. DATES: The meeting will be held July 19-20, from 9:00 a.m. to 5...

76 FR 22163 - Ninth Meeting: RTCA Special Committee 221: Aircraft Secondary Barriers and Alternative Flight...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-04-20

... 221: Aircraft Secondary Barriers and Alternative Flight Deck Security Procedures AGENCY: Federal... Secondary Barriers and Alternative Flight Deck Security Procedures. SUMMARY: The FAA is issuing this notice... Alternative Flight Deck Security Procedures. DATES: The meeting will be held May 10-11, 2011, from 9 a.m. to 5...

75 FR 29810 - Sixth Meeting: RTCA Special Committee 221: Aircraft Secondary Barriers and Alternative Flight...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-05-27

... 221: Aircraft Secondary Barriers and Alternative Flight Deck Security Procedures. AGENCY: Federal... Secondary Barriers and Alternative Flight Deck Security Procedures. SUMMARY: The FAA is issuing this notice... Alternative Flight Deck Security Procedures. DATES: The meeting will be held June 15-16, 2010. June 15th from...

Short Lesson Plan Associated with Increased Acceptance of Evolutionary Theory and Potential Change in Three Alternate Conceptions of Macroevolution in Undergraduate Students

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Abraham, Joel K.; Perez, Kathryn E.; Downey, Nicholas; Herron, Jon C.; Meir, Eli

2012-01-01

Undergraduates commonly harbor alternate conceptions about evolutionary biology; these alternate conceptions often persist, even after intensive instruction, and may influence acceptance of evolution. We interviewed undergraduates to explore their alternate conceptions about macroevolutionary patterns and designed a 2-h lesson plan to present…

Investigating alternative conceptions in learning disabled students

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Cole, Terry Stokes

Science teachers have long noticed the fact that their students come to school with their own concepts, produced from daily experiences and interactions with the world around them. Sometimes these ideas are in agreement with accepted scientific theories, but often they are not. These "incorrect" ideas, or "misconceptions" have been the focus of many studies, which can be helpful to teachers when planning their lessons. However, there is a dearth of information that is geared specifically to students with learning disabilities. These students generally have deficits in areas of perception and learning that could conceivably influence the way they formulate concepts. The purpose of this study was to examine the concepts held by students with learning disabilities on the causes of the day/night cycle, the phases of the moon, and the seasons. An interview format was judged to be the best method of ensuring that the students' ideas were clearly documented. The subjects were five, sixth-grade students in a city school, who had been determined to have a learning disability. In examining the results, there did not seem to be any direct link between the type of misconception formed and the learning deficit of the child. It seemed more likely that students formed their concepts the way students usually do, but the various disabilities they exhibited interfered with their learning of more appropriate conceptions. The results of this study will be helpful to science teachers, curriculum planners, or anyone who works with students who have learning disabilities. It is hoped that this will begin to fill a void in the area of learning disabilities research.

The Typicality Ranking Task: A New Method to Derive Typicality Judgments from Children.

PubMed

Djalal, Farah Mutiasari; Ameel, Eef; Storms, Gert

2016-01-01

An alternative method for deriving typicality judgments, applicable in young children that are not familiar with numerical values yet, is introduced, allowing researchers to study gradedness at younger ages in concept development. Contrary to the long tradition of using rating-based procedures to derive typicality judgments, we propose a method that is based on typicality ranking rather than rating, in which items are gradually sorted according to their typicality, and that requires a minimum of linguistic knowledge. The validity of the method is investigated and the method is compared to the traditional typicality rating measurement in a large empirical study with eight different semantic concepts. The results show that the typicality ranking task can be used to assess children's category knowledge and to evaluate how this knowledge evolves over time. Contrary to earlier held assumptions in studies on typicality in young children, our results also show that preference is not so much a confounding variable to be avoided, but that both variables are often significantly correlated in older children and even in adults.

The Typicality Ranking Task: A New Method to Derive Typicality Judgments from Children

PubMed Central

Ameel, Eef; Storms, Gert

2016-01-01

An alternative method for deriving typicality judgments, applicable in young children that are not familiar with numerical values yet, is introduced, allowing researchers to study gradedness at younger ages in concept development. Contrary to the long tradition of using rating-based procedures to derive typicality judgments, we propose a method that is based on typicality ranking rather than rating, in which items are gradually sorted according to their typicality, and that requires a minimum of linguistic knowledge. The validity of the method is investigated and the method is compared to the traditional typicality rating measurement in a large empirical study with eight different semantic concepts. The results show that the typicality ranking task can be used to assess children’s category knowledge and to evaluate how this knowledge evolves over time. Contrary to earlier held assumptions in studies on typicality in young children, our results also show that preference is not so much a confounding variable to be avoided, but that both variables are often significantly correlated in older children and even in adults. PMID:27322371

What Undergraduates Misunderstand about Stem Cell Research

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Halverson, Kristy Lynn; Freyermuth, Sharyn K.; Siegel, Marcelle A.; Clark, Catharine G.

2010-11-01

As biotechnology-related scientific advances, such as stem cell research (SCR), are increasingly permeating the popular media, it has become ever more important to understand students' ideas about this issue. Very few studies have investigated learners' ideas about biotechnology. Our study was designed to understand the types of alternative conceptions students hold concerning SCR. The qualitative research design allowed us to examine college students' understandings about stem cells and SCR. More specifically, we addressed the following questions: How can alternative conceptions about stem cell topics be categorized? What types of alternative conceptions are most common? Participants included 132 students enrolled in a biotechnology course that focused on the scientific background of biotechnology applications relevant to citizens. In this study, we used an inductive approach to develop a taxonomy of alternative ideas about SCR by analyzing student responses to multiple open-ended data sources. We identified five categories of conceptions: alternative conceptions about what, alternative conceptions about how, alternative conceptions about medical potential, terminology confusion, and political and legal alternative conceptions. In order to improve instruction, it is important to understand students' ideas when entering the classroom. Our findings highlight a need to teach how science can be applied to societal issues and improve science literacy and citizenship.

What Is the Use of Fieldwork? Conceptions of Students and Staff in Geography and Geology

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Stokes, Alison; Magnier, Kirsty; Weaver, Ruth

2011-01-01

This paper explores conceptions of the purpose of fieldwork held by undergraduates and academic staff in the disciplines of geography and geology. Phenomenographic analysis of written data reveals six qualitatively distinct conceptions broadly classified as "fragmented" and "cohesive". While considerable commonality in…

Broad-band absorbers for reduction of parasitic light: two alternative solutions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Giovannini, Hughes; Lemarquis, F.; Akhouayri, H.; Cathelinaud, Michel; Torchio, Philippe; Amra, C.; Cousin, Bernard; Laubier, D.; Otrio, Georges

2018-04-01

This paper, "Broad-band absorbers for reduction of parasitic light: two alternative solutions," was presented as part of International Conference on Space Optics—ICSO 1997, held in Toulouse, France.

Alternative vehicles and infrastructure requirements conference.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2011-11-01

"A conference entitled Alternative Fuel / Advanced Vehicles Technologies & Infrastructure Requirements: Bringing Innovation to Our Streets was held in New York, NY at New York University on June 14, 2011. The conference addressed several of the...

Potency testing of veterinary vaccines: the way from in vivo to in vitro.

PubMed

Romberg, Judith; Lang, Stefan; Balks, Elisabeth; Kamphuis, Elisabeth; Duchow, Karin; Loos, Daniela; Rau, Henriette; Motitschke, Andreas; Jungbäck, Carmen

2012-01-01

Current quality control of inactivated animal vaccines still focuses on the potency of final products in a batch-wise manner. Animal welfare concerns as well as scientific considerations have led to the '3Rs-concept' that comprises the refinement of animal procedures, the reduction of animal numbers, and the replacement of animal models. Although the 3Rs-concept has been widely accepted as a fundamental principle, the number of approved alternatives for in vivo tests is still limited. To promote further progress, the international scientific workshop 'Potency Testing of Veterinary Vaccines: The Way from in vivo to in vitro' was held at the Paul-Ehrlich-Institut in Langen, Germany, on 01-03 December 2010. More than 130 participants from industry, academia and regulatory authorities discussed the current state of the 3Rs-concept, examples of its successful implementation as well as still existing hurdles. Special emphasis was laid on the 'consistency approach' that aims to ensure relevant quality attributes of vaccine batches by in vitro analyses during production rather than by in vivo potency tests on the final product. This report provides an overview of the insights gained, including the recommendations produced at the end of the workshop. Copyright © 2011. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.

Reducing the Mismatch of Geometry Concept Definitions and Concept Images Held by Pre-Service Teachers

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Cunningham, Robert F.; Roberts, Allison

2010-01-01

Twenty-three female elementary pre-service teachers were assessed on their ability to answer questions involving geometry concepts. Despite being given the definitions of the altitude of a triangle and the diagonal of a polygon on the pretest, limited understanding of these concepts was evident. A treatment using both graphic organizer and concept…

The Image of Mathematics Held by Irish Post-Primary Students

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lane, Ciara; Stynes, Martin; O'Donoghue, John

2014-01-01

The image of mathematics held by Irish post-primary students was examined and a model for the image found was constructed. Initially, a definition for "image of mathematics" was adopted with image of mathematics hypothesized as comprising attitudes, beliefs, self-concept, motivation, emotions and past experiences of mathematics. Research…

Preservice Teachers in Secondary Social Studies: Examining Conceptions and Practices.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wilson, Elizabeth K.; And Others

1994-01-01

Reports on a study of 11 preservice teachers' beliefs and practices about secondary social studies education. Finds that the preservice teachers held positive conceptions about social studies, stressing active learning techniques and knowledge construction. (ACM)

Conceptions of Healthy Aging Held by Relatives of Older Persons in Isan-Thai Culture: A Phenomenographic Study.

PubMed

Manasatchakun, Pornpun; Roxberg, Åsa; Asp, Margareta

2018-01-01

In Thailand, family nurses are expected to provide support for older persons and their family members to promote healthy aging. Family bonds are strong, and relatives are expected to take care of their older family members. However, there is limited research on how older persons' family members perceive healthy aging. This study aimed to describe the conceptions of healthy aging held by the children and grandchildren of older persons in northeast Thailand. In a phenomenographic study, 14 interviews were performed to qualitatively analyze different conceptions of healthy aging. Four descriptive categories emerged: being independent, not being afflicted by diseases or illnesses, being a giver and a receiver, and being wise. The conceptions of healthy aging entail both autonomy and interdependence. The relative's perspective needs to be considered when policies relating to healthy aging are implemented in the community and when family nurses provide support to families to promote healthy aging.

77 FR 9882 - Arsenic Small Systems Compliance and Alternative Affordability Criteria Working Group; public...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-02-21

... held via the Internet using a Webcast and teleconference. Registrants will receive an Internet access... period or individuals without Internet access seeking alternative means to participate in the meeting...

A Developmental Study of Concepts of Body Functioning. Final Report.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Stern, Virginia; Zimiles, Herbert

The first phase of a projected research program aimed at examining children's ideas about body functioning, this study focuses on concepts of digestion, elimination of waste and assimilation of food held by children of different ages. (Subjects expressed these concepts both verbally and graphically). Possible cues to the influence of affect on…

Development of a "Lac" Operon Concept Inventory (LOCI)

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Stefanski, Katherine M.; Gardner, Grant E.; Seipelt-Thiemann, Rebecca L.

2016-01-01

Concept inventories (CIs) are valuable tools for educators that assess student achievement and identify misconceptions held by students. Results of student responses can be used to adjust or develop new instructional methods for a given topic. The regulation of gene expression in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes is an important concept in genetics…

Understandings and Misunderstandings of Eight Graders of Five Chemistry Concepts Found in Textbooks.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Abraham, Michael R.; And Others

1992-01-01

Reports on misconceptions held by intermediate grade students concerning chemistry textbook concepts, on the relation of reasoning ability to those misconceptions, and on the extent that textbooks encourage misconceptions. Concludes that the level of understanding displayed for the selected concepts, in combination with the nature of students'…

Needs and Beliefs in Construct Accessibility: Keys to New Understanding.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Culbertson, Hugh M.; Denbow, Carl J.; Stempel, Guido H., III

1998-01-01

Surveyed 390 Ohioans who rated five concepts as to closeness of linkage with osteopathic medicine. Finds, as suggested by the storage-bin concept in construct accessibility theory, that those who had experience with these concepts were most apt to use them in assessing osteopathic medicine--this held even though most respondents reported no…

Conceptions of Memorizing and Understanding in Learning, and Self-Efficacy Held by University Biology Majors

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lin, Tzu-Chiang; Liang, Jyh-Chong; Tsai, Chin-Chung

2015-01-01

This study aims to explore Taiwanese university students' conceptions of learning biology as memorizing or as understanding, and their self-efficacy. To this end, two questionnaires were utilized to survey 293 Taiwanese university students with biology-related majors. A questionnaire for measuring students' conceptions of memorizing and…

Effect of Scaffolding on Helping Introductory Physics Students Solve Quantitative Problems Involving Strong Alternative Conceptions

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lin, Shih-Yin; Singh, Chandralekha

2015-01-01

It is well known that introductory physics students often have alternative conceptions that are inconsistent with established physical principles and concepts. Invoking alternative conceptions in the quantitative problem-solving process can derail the entire process. In order to help students solve quantitative problems involving strong…

Categorization of Alternative Conceptions in Electricity and Magnetism: The Case of Ethiopian Undergraduate Students

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Dega, Bekele Gashe; Kriek, Jeanne; Mogese, Temesgen Fereja

2013-01-01

The purpose of this study was to categorize 35 Ethiopian undergraduate physics students' alternative conceptions in the concepts of electric potential and energy. A descriptive qualitative research design was used to categorize the students' alternative conceptions. Four independently homogeneous ability focus groups were formed to elicit the…

27 CFR 46.261 - Purpose of an alternate method or procedure.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... TOBACCO PRODUCTS AND CIGARETTE PAPERS AND TUBES Floor Stocks Tax on Certain Tobacco Products, Cigarette Papers, and Cigarette Tubes Held for Sale on April 1, 2009 Alternate Methods Or Procedures § 46.261...

27 CFR 46.261 - Purpose of an alternate method or procedure.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... TOBACCO PRODUCTS AND CIGARETTE PAPERS AND TUBES Floor Stocks Tax on Certain Tobacco Products, Cigarette Papers, and Cigarette Tubes Held for Sale on April 1, 2009 Alternate Methods Or Procedures § 46.261...

27 CFR 46.261 - Purpose of an alternate method or procedure.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... TOBACCO PRODUCTS AND CIGARETTE PAPERS AND TUBES Floor Stocks Tax on Certain Tobacco Products, Cigarette Papers, and Cigarette Tubes Held for Sale on April 1, 2009 Alternate Methods Or Procedures § 46.261...

27 CFR 46.261 - Purpose of an alternate method or procedure.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... TOBACCO PRODUCTS AND CIGARETTE PAPERS AND TUBES Floor Stocks Tax on Certain Tobacco Products, Cigarette Papers, and Cigarette Tubes Held for Sale on April 1, 2009 Alternate Methods Or Procedures § 46.261...

27 CFR 46.261 - Purpose of an alternate method or procedure.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... TOBACCO PRODUCTS AND CIGARETTE PAPERS AND TUBES Floor Stocks Tax on Certain Tobacco Products, Cigarette Papers, and Cigarette Tubes Held for Sale on April 1, 2009 Alternate Methods Or Procedures § 46.261...

Nonconformity defines the self: the role of minority opinion status in self-concept clarity.

PubMed

Morrison, Kimberly Rios; Wheeler, S Christian

2010-03-01

Drawing on distinctiveness and social identity theories, the present studies tested whether minority opinion holders would have a more clearly defined sense of self than majority opinion holders. In Study 1, participants who were induced to believe that they held a minority opinion on a controversial issue had higher subsequent self-concept clarity scores than did those who were induced to believe that they held a majority opinion, controlling for self-esteem. Furthermore, the relationship between minority opinion status and self-concept clarity was strongest among participants whose opinions were highly expressive of their values (Studies 2 and 3), as well as among participants who identified strongly with the group in which they were a minority (Study 3). Theoretical and practical implications of these results are discussed.

Misconceptions of Selected Science Concepts Held by Elementary School Students

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Doran, Rodney L.

1972-01-01

Describes a test, administered as a motion picture, designed to measure misconceptions about the particle model of matter held by students in grades two through six. Reliability values for tests of eight misconceptions are given and the correlations of misconception scores with measures of IQ, reading, mathematics, and science ability reported.…

Alternative Energy: A Bay Area Reference Center Workshop. Proceedings.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Roberts, Kay, Ed.; And Others

Presented are proceedings and related documents of a workshop on alternative energy resources which was held in April, 1980. This information is intended to bring reference librarians up to date on alternative energy technologies and available reference materials to which library patrons may be directed. Among the speeches included are those…

Determination of Students' Alternative Conceptions about Chemical Equilibrium: A Review of Research and the Case of Turkey

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ozmen, Haluk

2008-01-01

This study aims to determine prospective science student teachers' alternative conceptions of the chemical equilibrium concept. A 13-item pencil and paper, two-tier multiple choice diagnostic instrument, the Test to Identify Students' Alternative Conceptions (TISAC), was developed and administered to 90 second-semester science student teachers…

A new concept in telescope design SIC as the only material for mirrors and structure

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Fruit, Michel; Antoine, Pascal; Bougoin, Michel

2018-04-01

This paper, "A new concept in telescope design SIC as the only material for mirrors and structure," was presented as part of International Conference on Space Optics—ICSO 1997, held in Toulouse, France.

Preliminary concept of confocal microscope rotor within the modular cultivation system for the space station

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Fruit, Michel; Fuentes, Laure

2018-04-01

This paper, "Preliminary concept of confocal microscope rotor within the modular cultivation system for the space station," was presented as part of International Conference on Space Optics—ICSO 1997, held in Toulouse, France.

Integrated optics applied to astronomical aperture synthesis: general concept for space and ground based applications

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Pierre, Kern; Malbet, Fabien; Berger, Jean Philippe; Rousselet-Perraut, Karine; Schanen, Isabelle; Nabias, Laurent; Benech, Pierre

2018-04-01

This paper, "Integrated optics applied to astronomical aperture synthesis: general concept for space and ground based applications," was presented as part of International Conference on Space Optics—ICSO 1997, held in Toulouse, France.

Finding an information concept suited for a universal theory of information.

PubMed

Brier, Søren

2015-12-01

The view argued in this article is that if we want to define a universal concept of information covering subjective experiential and meaningful cognition - as well as intersubjective meaningful communication in nature, technology, society and life worlds - then the main problem is to decide, which epistemological, ontological and philosophy of science framework the concept of information should be based on and integrated in. All the ontological attempts to create objective concepts of information result in concepts that cannot encompass meaning and experience of embodied living and social systems. There is no conclusive evidence that the core of reality across nature, culture, life and mind is purely either mathematical, logical or of a computational nature. Therefore the core of the information concept should not only be based only on pure logical or mathematical rationality. We need to include interpretation, signification and meaning construction in our transdisciplinary framework for information as a basic aspect of reality alongside the physical, chemical and molecular biological. Dretske defines information as the content of new, true, meaningful, and understandable knowledge. According to this widely held definition information in a transdisciplinary theory cannot be 'objective', but has to be relativized in relation to the receiver's knowledge, as also proposed by Floridi. It is difficult to produce a quantitative statement independently of a qualitative analysis based on some sort of relation to the human condition as a semiotic animal. I therefore alternatively suggest to build information theories based on semiotics from the basic relations of embodied living systems meaningful cognition and communication. I agree with Peircean biosemiotics that all information must be part of real relational sign-processes manifesting as tokens. Copyright © 2015. Published by Elsevier Ltd.

Exploring South African High School Teachers' Conceptions of the Nature of Scientific Inquiry: A Case Study

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Dudu, Washington T.

2014-01-01

The paper explores conceptions of the nature of scientific inquiry (NOSI) held by five teachers who were purposively and conveniently sampled. Teachers' conceptions of the NOSI were determined using a Probes questionnaire. To confirm teachers' responses, a semi-structured interview was conducted with each teacher. The Probes questionnaire was…

Trainee Teachers' Conceptions of Teaching and Learning, Classroom Layout and Exam Design

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Betoret, Fernando Domenech; Artiga, Amparo Gomez

2004-01-01

The objective of this study centres on identifying and classifying the conceptions of teaching and learning held by future secondary school teachers, and on analysing the relationship between these conceptions and the way classroom space is organized and exams are designed. The test instruments used were applied to a sample of 138 graduates, who…

Using Metaphors to Know the Conceptions about the Teaching Profession in Initial Teacher Education

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Martínez-de-la-Hidalga, Zoe; Villardón-Gallego, Lourdes

2017-01-01

The Conceptions about the teaching profession affect professional performance, and metaphors are a tool to identify them. In this qualitative study metaphors are used to gain insight into conceptions held by pre-service teachers, and their development during Initial Teacher Training in the Bachelor's Degree in Primary Education. A total of 247…

Civic Duty: Young People's Conceptions of Voting as a Means of Political Participation

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Chakera, Ottilia; Sears, Alan

2006-01-01

Many citizens have disengaged from participation in civic life with a resulting call for new initiatives in civic education. Many of these programs have had little research on citizens' prior conceptions of participation. In this article, we provide a map of the conceptions of civic participation, specifically voting, held by two groups: recent…

Using Concept Maps to Assess the Effect of Graphing Calculators Use on Students' Concept Images of the Derivative at a Point

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Serhan, Derar

2009-01-01

This study used concept maps to investigate the effect of using graphing calculators on students' understanding of the derivative at a point. The study looked for differences between the concept images that are held by students' who are using graphing calculators and the students who are not using them. Seventy one students enrolled in two…

Mobilization and Defense Management Technical Reports Series. Alternative Service for Conscientious Objectors.

DTIC Science & Technology

1983-03-01

THIS STUDY EXAMINES THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE SELECTIVE SERVICE SYSTEM’S (SSS) CONCEPT OF ALTERNATIVE SERVICE AND THOSE ESPOUSED BY THE MENNONITE CHURCH...System’s (SSS) concept of Alternative Service and those espoused by the Mnnonite Church, the most articulate opponent of current administration planning...adminisrat-ion of an alternative service program. on January 22, the SSS puiblished its proposed concept for alternative service in the Federal Register and

Is case-based learning an effective teaching strategy to challenge students' alternative conceptions regarding chemical kinetics?

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yalçınkaya, Eylem; Taştan-Kırık, Özgecan; Boz, Yezdan; Yıldıran, Demet

2012-07-01

Background: Case-based learning (CBL) is simply teaching the concept to the students based on the cases. CBL involves a case, which is a scenario based on daily life, and study questions related to the case, which allows students to discuss their ideas. Chemical kinetics is one of the most difficult concepts for students in chemistry. Students have generally low levels of conceptual understanding and many alternative conceptions regarding it. Purpose: This study aimed to explore the effect of CBL on dealing with students' alternative conceptions about chemical kinetics. Sample: The sample consists of 53 high school students from one public high school in Turkey. Design and methods : Nonequivalent pre-test and post-test control group design was used. Reaction Rate Concept Test and semi-structured interviews were used for data collection. Convenience sampling technique was followed. For data analysis, the independent samples t-test and ANOVA was performed. Results : Both concept test and interview results showed that students instructed with cases had better understanding of core concepts of chemical kinetics and had less alternative conceptions related to the subject matter compared to the control group students, despite the fact that it was impossible to challenge all the alternative conceptions in the experimental group. Conclusions: CBL is an effective teaching method for challenging students' alternative conceptions in the context of chemical kinetics. Since using cases in small groups and whole class discussions has been found to be an effective way to cope with the alternative conceptions, it can be applied to other subjects and grade levels in high schools with a higher sample size. Furthermore, the effect of this method on academic achievement, motivation and critical thinking skills are other variables that can be investigated for future studies in the subject area of chemistry.

"You Don't Read a Science Book, You Study It": An Exploration of Cultural Concepts of Reading.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Anderson, Jim; Gunderson, Lee

2001-01-01

Discusses how the differing views held by teachers and immigrant parents and their children affect early reading instruction, secondary content reading, and reading involving technology. Demonstrates that immigrant students and their parents hold different beliefs about reading and schooling than those held by many teachers. Concludes it is…

Fault Tolerant Design Concepts for Highly Integrated Flight Critical Guidance and Control Systems: Conference Proceedings Held at the Guidance and Control Panel Symposium (49th) Held in Toulouse, France on 10-13 October 1989

DTIC Science & Technology

1990-04-01

conception des postes de pilotage et les r6les des pilotes doivent itre difinis avec soin en face des tiches automatis6es ainsi que les pcifications de...from USA and Canada: Commandant M.Mouhamad. FAF AGARD-NATO Executive, GCP Attention : GCP Executive AGARD-OTAN APO New York 09777 7 rue Ancelle F-92200...G.Manfeld 54 UN SYSTEME DE REFERENCES PRIMAIRES DE HAUTE INTEGRITE (A High Integrity Flight Data System) par J.L.Roch et J.Contet 55 ..... 4- K- ’-I

Exploring alternative conceptions of teachers and informal educators about selected astronomy concepts

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rutherford, Lori B.

The purpose of this study was to (1) identify alternative conceptions concerning astronomy in groups of formal and informal educators, (2) discover the origins of some of these conceptions and (3) explore how practicing teachers planned to address the need for conceptual change in their students. In response to the first question, a number of alternative conceptions were identified in formal educators, with more for teachers of prekindergarten through third grade than fourth through twelfth grade teachers, and very few alternative conceptions in the informal educators group. In regards to the second research question, a number of origins were indicated: logic, books, elementary school, high school, astronomy classes, self-study and observation. In response to the third question, various practicing teachers used computer programs and modeling in order to address some of the alternative conceptions they noticed in their students. These findings were supported by the literature and theoretical frameworks on which the study was based. The study addressed gaps in the literature concerning alternative conceptions and how they related to Ohio's Academic Content Standards along with nineteen other states. This study also addressed the need for a closer examination of informal educators and how they compare to formal educators in terms of having alternative conceptions. And finally, implications and recommendations were made for practicing educators, materials for practicing educators, teacher education, informal and formal education partnerships, standards modification, research methodology and areas of future research.

High School Boys' and Girls' Writing Conceptions and Writing Self-Efficacy Beliefs: What Is Their Role in Writing Performance?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Villalón, Ruth; Mateos, Mar; Cuevas, Isabel

2015-01-01

This study investigated the conceptions about writing and writing self-efficacy beliefs held by high school students in relation to the students' gender as well as their associations with writing achievement. The results show that female students have more sophisticated writing conceptions than their male counterparts but no gender differences…

Validation of a New Measure of the Concept of Good Death among Taiwanese Children

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Yang, Shu Ching; Lai, Sih-yi

2012-01-01

The purpose of this study was to develop and validate an instrument to measure dimensions of the concept of a good death held by Taiwanese children. The sample consisted of 1,698 Taiwanese children, approximately 12-14 years of age. Participants completed the self-administered Good Death Concept Scale (GDCS), which consists of 30 statements…

Essential Concepts and Underlying Theories from Physics, Chemistry, and Mathematics for "Biochemistry and Molecular Biology" Majors

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wright, Ann; Provost, Joseph; Roecklein-Canfield, Jennifer A.; Bell, Ellis

2013-01-01

Over the past two years, through an NSF RCN UBE grant, the ASBMB has held regional workshops for faculty members from around the country. The workshops have focused on developing lists of Core Principles or Foundational Concepts in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, a list of foundational skills, and foundational concepts from Physics, Chemistry,…

The "Why" and "What For" of Research in Social Sciences: Early Career Researchers' Conceptions

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Alvarez, Manuela Alvarez; Elexpuru, Iciar; Castelló, Montserrat; Villardón-Gallego, Lourdes; Yániz, Concepción

2017-01-01

Introduction: In the Spanish context, very little is known about what research means for researchers in training. The goal of this study is twofold: to analyze the research conceptions held by doctoral students in the Social Sciences, and to evaluate how those conceptions relate to several relevant variables in the process of researcher training.…

The cultural background of the non-academic concept of psychology in Japan: its implications for introductory education in psychology.

PubMed

Ashitaka, Yuki; Shimada, Hiroyuki

2014-06-01

No research has empirically explored the non-academic concept of psychology itself (implicit theories) in non-Western cultures despite a widely held belief that this understanding differs cross-culturally. This study examined whether the non-academic concept of psychology among inexperienced Japanese students differed from the concept held by students of other countries. In Japanese, psychology is referred to as , which includes the ideographic character , literally meaning heart. This fact led us to hypothesize that psychology will be disproportionately associated with emotion among Japanese students. Indeed, our findings among Japanese students produced a J-curve, indicating that our prediction was true. We posit that this issue has never been discussed in Japan because a majority of people share this concept of psychology. In our second study, we examined not only preference in students' association of intelligence or emotion but also heart or mind with psychology. Finally, we identified whether students' believe that psychology encompasses both the heart and the mind. We conclude with a discussion of the importance of explicitly defining the non-academic concept of psychology in early psychology education in Japan. © 2013 International Union of Psychological Science.

Evidence-Based Practices and Autism

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Mesibov, Gary B.; Shea, Victoria

2011-01-01

Interventions for autism are increasing being held to standards such as "evidence-based practice" in psychology and "scientifically-based research" in education. When these concepts emerged in the context of adult psychotherapy and regular education, they caused considerable controversy. Application of the concepts to autism treatments and special…

Conceptions of Healthy Aging Held by Relatives of Older Persons in Isan-Thai Culture: A Phenomenographic Study

PubMed Central

Roxberg, Åsa; Asp, Margareta

2018-01-01

In Thailand, family nurses are expected to provide support for older persons and their family members to promote healthy aging. Family bonds are strong, and relatives are expected to take care of their older family members. However, there is limited research on how older persons' family members perceive healthy aging. This study aimed to describe the conceptions of healthy aging held by the children and grandchildren of older persons in northeast Thailand. In a phenomenographic study, 14 interviews were performed to qualitatively analyze different conceptions of healthy aging. Four descriptive categories emerged: being independent, not being afflicted by diseases or illnesses, being a giver and a receiver, and being wise. The conceptions of healthy aging entail both autonomy and interdependence. The relative's perspective needs to be considered when policies relating to healthy aging are implemented in the community and when family nurses provide support to families to promote healthy aging. PMID:29593905

Rethinking critical reflection on care: late modern uncertainty and the implications for care ethics.

PubMed

Vosman, Frans; Niemeijer, Alistair

2017-12-01

Care ethics as initiated by Gilligan, Held, Tronto and others (in the nineteen eighties and nineties) has from its onset been critical towards ethical concepts established in modernity, like 'autonomy', alternatively proposing to think from within relationships and to pay attention to power. In this article the question is raised whether renewal in this same critical vein is necessary and possible as late modern circumstances require rethinking the care ethical inquiry. Two late modern realities that invite to rethink care ethics are complexity and precariousness. Late modern organizations, like the general hospital, codetermined by various (control-, information-, safety-, accountability-) systems are characterized by complexity and the need for complexity reduction, both permeating care practices. By means of a heuristic use of the concept of precariousness, taken as the installment of uncertainty, it is shown that relations and power in late modern care organizations have changed, precluding the use of a straightforward domination idea of power. In the final section a proposition is made how to rethink the care ethical inquiry in order to take late modern circumstances into account: inquiry should always be related to the concerns of people and practitioners from within care practices.

Ares V and Future Very Large Launch Vehicles to Enable Major Astronomical Missions

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Thronson, Harley A.; Lester, Daniel F.; Langhoff, Stephanie R.; Corell, Randy; Stahl, H. Philip

2008-01-01

The current NASA architecture intended to return humans to the lunar surface includes the Ares V cargo launch vehicle, which is planned to be available within a decade. The capabilities designed for Ares V would permit an 8.8-m diameter, 55 mT payload to be carried to Sun-Earth L1,2 locations. That is, this vehicle could launch very large optical systems to achieve major scientific goals that would otherwise be very difficult. For example, an 8-m monolith UV/visual/IR telescope appears able to be launched to a Sun-Earth L2 location. Even larger apertures that are deployed or assembled seem possible. Alternatively, multiple elements of a spatial array or two or three astronomical observatories might be launched simultaneously. Over the years, scientists and engineers have been evaluating concepts for astronomical observatories that use future large launch vehicles. In this presentation, we report on results of a recent workshop held at NASA Ames Research Center that have improved understanding of the science goals that can be achieved using Ares V. While such a vehicle uniquely enables few of the observatory concepts considered at the workshop, most have a baseline mission that can be flown on existing or near-future vehicles. However, the performance of the Ares V permits design concepts (e.g., large monolithic mirrors) that reduce complexity and risk.

Alternative Conceptions: Turning Adversity into Advantage

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ferreira, Annalize; Lemmer, Miriam; Gunstone, Richard

2017-08-01

While a vast body of research has identified difficulties in students' understanding about forces and acceleration and their related alternative conceptions, far less research suggests ways to use students' alternative conceptions to enhance conceptual understanding of a specific fundamental concept. This study focused on distinguishing between students' conceptual understanding of the Newtonian concept of gravitational acceleration being the same for all objects and students' alternative conception that heavy objects fall faster. A multiple choice questionnaire was distributed to first year physics students for three consecutive years at a university in South Africa. The results indicate that changing the direction of motion and the physics quantity asked in paired questions revealed practically significant inconsistencies in students' reasoning and conceptions. This research contributes to the body of knowledge in proposing how the alternative conception of mass-related gravitational acceleration can be used in instruction to enhance conceptual understanding of the force-mass-acceleration relationship. Understanding of this relationship not only promotes conceptual understanding of the basic Newtonian concepts of the laws of motion which forms the critical foundation on which more advanced physics courses are built, but also contributes towards students' perception of physics as a set of coherent ideas applicable in all contexts.

Wyoming's Early Settlement and Ethnic Groups, Unit IV.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Robinson, Terry

This unit on Wyoming's early settlement and ethnic groups provides concepts, activities, stories, charts, and graphs for elementary school students. Concepts include the attraction Wyoming held for trappers; the major social, economic, and religious event called "The Rendezvous"; the different ethnic and religious groups that presently…

23 CFR 636.209 - What items must be included in a phase-two solicitation?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

.... (b) At your discretion, you may allow proposers to submit alternate technical concepts in their proposals as long as these alternate concepts do not conflict with criteria agreed upon in the environmental decision making process. Alternate technical concept proposals may supplement, but not substitute for base...

Alternative Conceptions about Micro-Organisms Are Influenced by Experiences with Disease in Children

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Prokop, Pavol; Fancovicová, Jana; Krajcovicová, Adriána

2016-01-01

Children's ideas concerning natural phenomena often differ from those of scientists, and these ideas are termed as alternative conceptions. The prevalence of alternative conceptions is highest among young children who possess less experience with the natural world as compared with adults. Children's ideas about micro-organisms are of special…

On the Concept of "Respiration": Biology Student Teachers' Cognitive Structures and Alternative Conceptions

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kurt, Hakan; Ekici, Gulay; Aktas, Murat; Aksu, Ozlem

2013-01-01

In researches, the subject of respiration has been determined to be among subjects about whom participants from all educational levels struggle to form their cognitive structures and have many alternative conceptions. This research was carried out in order to determine biology student teachers' cognitive structures and alternative conceptions…

Chicano Alternative Education.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Galicia, H. Homero; Almaguer, Clementina

Alternative schooling is challenging some basic notions of curriculum, operation, and structure of traditional schools; it is not challenging the basic concept of schooling. Chicano alternative education, an elusive concept, lacks a precise definition. Chicano alternative schools reflect a vast diversity in structure, focus, and goals. The Chicano…

Cultural factors in the origin and remediation of alternative conceptions in physics

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Thijs, Gerard D.; van den Berg, Ed

1995-10-01

Over a wide range of subject areas students exhibit persistent conceptions contrary to the prevailing scientific concepts. The same alternative conceptions in physics are reported to exist across many countries, within a variety of cultural and environmental contexts. Also, many alternative conceptions show striking similarities with difficulties encountered in the historical development of physics. What is the reason for these similarities? Is intuitive science learned or triggered? And, if similar brain structures are responsible for common-sense theories, in what way then are cultural factors still important in the teaching-learning process? The influence of cultural factors will be discussed on the basis of literature available on this topic. Data collected by the authors in the Netherlands, Indonesia and countries in Africa are also taken into consideration. A distinction is proposed between alternative conceptions some of which may be universal and some dependent on culture. The same distinction is made regarding ways of reasoning and epistemology. It is suggested that the effectiveness of methods for the remediation of alternative conceptions is strongly influenced by cultural aspects of the teaching-learning process.

Conceptions of Early Childhood Leadership: Driving New Professionalism?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Sims, Margaret; Forrest, Rhonda; Semann, Anthony; Slattery, Colin

2015-01-01

This study reports the understandings of leadership held by 351 Victorian early childhood leaders (ECLs). Internationally, ECLs are expected to drive quality improvement through mentoring and modelling: a concept associated with distributive leadership. However, ECLs often move into leadership positions by accident and are ill-prepared for their…

Students' Conceptions of Mathematics Bridging Courses

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gordon, Sue; Nicholas, Jackie

2013-01-01

In this study we investigate the conceptions of mathematics bridging courses held by students enrolled in these courses at a major Australian university. We report on the participants' responses to email-interview questions about the mathematics bridging courses to describe a two-dimensional outcome space of variations in awareness about the…

Teachers' Conceptions of Mathematical Modeling

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gould, Heather

2013-01-01

The release of the "Common Core State Standards for Mathematics" in 2010 resulted in a new focus on mathematical modeling in United States curricula. Mathematical modeling represents a way of doing and understanding mathematics new to most teachers. The purpose of this study was to determine the conceptions and misconceptions held by…

Eléments-clés de la conception d'un instrument spatial à synthése d'ouverture optique

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Cassaing, Frédéric; Mugnier, Laurent; Rousset, Gérard; Sorrente, Béatrice

2018-04-01

This paper, "Eléments-clés de la conception d'un instrument spatial à synthése d'ouverture optique," was presented as part of International Conference on Space Optics—ICSO 1997, held in Toulouse, France.

Mass Media Influences on Public Conceptions of Social Problems

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hubbard, Jeffrey C.; And Others

1975-01-01

Explores possible relationships between the mass media of communication and social problems by three-way comparisons between the incidence of social problems suggested in media portrayals, conceptions of the incidence of these problems held by the public, and the relative frequency of such problems reflected in statistics accumulated by official…

Two-Year College Mathematics Instructors' Conceptions of Variation

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Dabos, Monica Graciela Gandhini

2011-01-01

Statistics education researchers are urging teachers of statistics to help students develop a more sophisticated understanding of variation, since variation is the core of statistics. However, little research has been done into the conceptions of variation held by instructors of statistics. This is of particular importance at the community college…

Towards Understanding EFL Teachers' Conceptions of Research: Findings from Argentina

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Banegas, Darío Luis

2018-01-01

This paper investigates the conceptions of research held by English as a foreign language teachers in Argentina. Quantitative data from 622 participants from an online questionnaire were followed by qualitative data from online interviews with 40 of those participants. Results show that the teachers conceptualised research through conventional…

Exploring Teachers' Knowledge of Classroom Management and Control

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ayebo, Abraham; Assuah, Charles

2017-01-01

Purpose: This paper presents the results of a study that sought to determine teacher conceptions of classroom management and control. The study explored classroom management knowledge of participants, and how the knowledge was gained. It also investigated the extent to which participants held various conceptions, including rule-based, dominance…

Thai Grade 11 students' alternative conceptions for acid-base chemistry

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Artdej, Romklao; Ratanaroutai, Thasaneeya; Coll, Richard Kevin; Thongpanchang, Tienthong

2010-07-01

This study involved the development of a two-tier diagnostic instrument to assess Thai high school students' understanding of acid-base chemistry. The acid-base diagnostic test (ABDT) comprising 18 items was administered to 55 Grade 11 students in a science and mathematics programme during the second semester of the 2008 academic year. Analysis of students' responses from this study followed the methodology outlined by Çalik and Ayas. The research findings suggest that the ABDT, the multiple choice diagnostic instrument, enables researchers and teachers to classify students' understanding at different levels. Most students exhibited alternative conceptions for several concepts: acid-base theory, dissociation of strong acids or bases, and dissociation of weak acids/bases. Interestingly, one of the concepts that students appeared to find most difficult, and for which they exhibited the most alternative conceptions, was acid-base theory. Some alternative conceptions revealed in this study differ from earlier reports, such as the concept of electrolyte and non-electrolyte solutions as well as the concentration changes of H3O+and OH- in water. These research findings present valuable information for facilitating better understanding of acid-base chemistry by providing insight into the preventable and correctable alternative conceptions exhibited by students.

Taiwanese Students' Alternative Conceptions of Animal Biodiversity

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Yen, Chiung-Fen; Yao, Tsung-Wei; Mintzes, Joel J.

2007-01-01

This study explored and documented Taiwanese students' alternative conceptions of animal classification. We examined the understanding of the "animal", "vertebrate" and "invertebrate", "fish", "amphibian", "reptile", "bird", and "mammal" concepts among elementary,…

Examing nursing students' understanding of the cardiovascular system in a BSN program

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Stuart, Parker Emerson

This study investigated the alignment of important cardiovascular system (CVS) concepts identified by expert nurses with nursing student's knowledge. Specifically, it focused on the prevalence of nursing students' alternative conceptions for these important concepts as a potential reason for a theory-practice gap in nursing (Corlett, 2000; Jordan, 1994). This is the first study to target nursing student alternative conceptions exclusively whereas other studies focused on diverse groups of undergraduates' CVS knowledge (Michael et al., 2002). The study was divided into two phases and used a case study approach with each phase of the study representing a single case. The first phase of the study sought to understand what CVS concepts expert nurses deemed relevant to their daily practice and how these experts used these concepts. The second phase identified nursing student alternative conceptions through the use of open-ended scenarios based on the results of phase I. For the first phase of the study involved four CVS expert nurses practicing in emergency rooms and cardiac intensive care units at two local hospitals. Interviews were used to elicit important CVS concepts. The expert nurses identified five broad concepts as important to their practice. These concepts were a) cardiovascular anatomical concepts; b) cardiovascular physiological concepts; c) homeostasis and diseases of the CVS; d) the interdependence and interaction of the CVS with other organ systems and e) the intersection of the CVS and technology in patient diagnosis and treatment. These finding reinforce concepts already being taught to nursing students but also suggest that instruction should focus more on how the CVS interacts with other organ systems and how technology and the CVS interact. The presence of alternative conceptions in the nursing students was examined through the use of open-ended questions. A total of 17 students fully completed the scenario questions. Results indicate that this group of nursing students hold some CVS alternative conceptions. Overall, the alternative conceptions can be grouped into four categories: a) CVS anatomy, b) blood flow and pressure, c) anthropomorphic views and d) miscellaneous alternative conceptions. These findings suggest there is indeed a misalignment between expert nurses' and nursing students' knowledge of the CVS with this misalignment potentially contributing to the theory-practice gap.

Justice and medical ethics.

PubMed

Gillon, R

1985-07-20

Justice, in the sense of fair adjudication between conflicting claims, is held to be relevant to a wide range of issues in medical ethics. Several differing concepts of justice are briefly described, including Aristotle's formal principle of justice, libertarian theories, utilitarian theories, Marxist theories, the theory of John Rawls, and the view--held, for example, by W.D. Ross--that justice is essentially a matter of reward for individual merit.

Using the Method of Dominant Incorrect Answers with the FCI Test to Diagnose Misconceptions Held by First Year College Students

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bani-Salameh, Hisham N.

2017-01-01

We started this work with the goal of detecting misconceptions held by our students about force and motion. A total of 341 students participated in this study by taking the force concept inventory (FCI) test both before and after receiving instructions about force or motion. The data from this study were analysed using different statistical…

Exobiology on Mars

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Devincenzi, D. L. (Editor); Marshall, J. R. (Editor); Andersen, D. (Editor)

1990-01-01

Descriptions of several instrument concepts that were generated during a workshop entitled, Exobiology Instrument Concepts for a Soviet Mars 94/94 Mission, held at NASA Ames Research Center in 1989 are presented. The objective was to define and describe instrument concepts for exobiology and related science that would be compatible with the mission types under discussion for the 1994 and 1996 Soviet Mars missions. Experiments that use existing technology were emphasized. The concepts discussed could also be used on U.S. missions that follow Mars Observer.

Conference Report: Advancing the Science of Developmental Neurotoxicity (DNT) Testing for Better Safety Evaluation

EPA Science Inventory

1. Introduction The 3rd International Conference on Alternatives for Developmental Neurotoxicity Testing (DNT3), organized by the European Centre for the Validation of Alternative Methods (ECVAM), the Joint Research Centre of the European Commission, was held from May 10 -13, 20...

Challenging Cognitive Construals: A Dynamic Alternative to Stable Misconceptions

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gouvea, Julia S.; Simon, Matt R.

2018-01-01

In biology education research, it has been common to model cognition in terms of relatively stable knowledge structures (e.g., mental models, alternative frameworks, deeply held misconceptions). For example, John D. Coley and Kimberley D. Tanner recently proposed that many student difficulties in biology stem from underlying cognitive frameworks…

9 CFR 147.43 - General Conference Committee.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

..., the United Egg Producers, and the National Turkey Federation; a Federal Register announcement; and... alternate member who assumed a Committee member vacancy following mid-term would be eligible for re-election... which time an election will be held. If a vacancy occurs due to both a regional member and alternate...

9 CFR 147.43 - General Conference Committee.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

..., the United Egg Producers, and the National Turkey Federation; a Federal Register announcement; and... alternate member who assumed a Committee member vacancy following mid-term would be eligible for re-election... which time an election will be held. If a vacancy occurs due to both a regional member and alternate...

9 CFR 147.43 - General Conference Committee.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

..., the United Egg Producers, and the National Turkey Federation; a Federal Register announcement; and... alternate member who assumed a Committee member vacancy following mid-term would be eligible for re-election... which time an election will be held. If a vacancy occurs due to both a regional member and alternate...

9 CFR 147.43 - General Conference Committee.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

..., the United Egg Producers, and the National Turkey Federation; a Federal Register announcement; and... alternate member who assumed a Committee member vacancy following mid-term would be eligible for re-election... which time an election will be held. If a vacancy occurs due to both a regional member and alternate...

Evaluation of Students' Energy Conception in Environmental Science

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Park, Mihwa; Johnson, Joseph A.

2016-01-01

While significant research has been conducted on students' conceptions of energy, alternative conceptions of energy have not been actively explored in the area of environmental science. The purpose of this study is to examine students' alternative conceptions in the environmental science discipline through the analysis of responses of first year…

"The City Snuffs out Nature": Young People's Conceptions of and Relationship with Nature

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Pointon, Pam

2014-01-01

This paper reports a study of 384 13-14-year olds' written responses to open-ended questions about their understanding of and relationship with "nature." Using constant comparative method the responses were coded, categorised and themed. Most students held scientific conceptions of nature (excluding humans) and a utilitarian relationship…

Interactive Learning in the Classroom: Is Student Response Method Related to Performance?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Elicker, Joelle D.; McConnell, Nicole L.

2011-01-01

This study examined three methods of responding to in-class multiple-choice concept questions in an Introduction to Psychology course. Specifically, this study compared exam performance and student reactions using three methods of responding to concept questions: (a) a technology-based network system, (b) hand-held flashcards, and (c) hand…

A Cross-Age Study of Student Understanding of the Concept of Homeostasis.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Westbrook, Susan L.; Marek, Edmund A.

1992-01-01

The conceptual views of homeostasis held by students (n=300) in seventh grade life science, tenth grade biology, and college zoology were examined. A biographical questionnaire, the results from two Piagetian-like developmental tasks, and a concept evaluation statement of homeostasis were collected from each student. Understanding of the concept…

Diagnosing Students' Understanding of Energy and Its Related Concepts in Biological Context

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Chabalengula, Vivien Mweene; Sanders, Martie; Mumba, Frackson

2012-01-01

This study diagnosed the understanding about energy and biological-context energy concepts held by 90 first-year South African university biology students. In particular, students' explanations of energy in a biological context, how energy is involved in different biological situations and whether energy is present and what types of energy are…

Conceptions and Contexts: On the Interpretation of Interview and Observational Data

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hallden, Ola; Haglund, Liza; Stromdahl, Helge

2007-01-01

Research within a constructivist approach often relies on interview data, which are used to reveal beliefs held by the interviewee or to expose conceptions or conceptual structures that are supposed to reside within the interviewee. From a sociocultural perspective, severe criticism has been leveled against the neglect of the problems of inferring…

H. A. Gleason's 'individualistic concept' and theory of animal communities: a continuing controversy.

PubMed

McIntosh, R P

1995-05-01

A tradition of natural history and of the lore of early twentieth-century ecology was that organisms lived together and interacted to form natural entities or communities. Before there was a recognizable science of ecology, Mobius (1877) had provided a name 'biocoenosis' for such entities. This concept persisted in the early decades of ecological science; at an extreme it was maintained that the community had integrating capabilities and organization like those of an individual organism, hence the term organismic community. In the 1950s-1970s an alternative individualist concept, derived from the ideas of H. A. Gleason (1939), gained credence which held that communities were largely a coincidence of individualistic species characteristics, continuously varying environments and different probabilities of a species arriving on a given site. During the same period, however, a body of population based theory of animal communities became dominant which perpetuated the idea of patterns in nature based on biotic interactions among species resulting in integrated communities. This theory introduced an extended terminology and mathematical models to explain the organization of species into groups of compatible species governed by rules. In the late 1970s the premises and methods of the theory came under attack and a vigorous debate ensued. The alternatives proposed were, at an extreme, null models of random aggregations of species or stochastic, individualistic aggregations of species, sensu Gleason. Extended research and debate ensued during the 1980s resulting in an explosion of studies of animal communities and a plethora of symposia and volumes of collected works concerning the nature of animal communities. The inherent complexity of communities and the traditional differences among animal ecologists about how they should be defined and delimited, at what scale of taxa, space and time to study them, and appropriate methods of study and analysis have resulted in extended and as yet inconclusive discussions. Recent differences and discussions are considered under five general categories, evolution and community theory, individualistic concept, community definition, questions from community ecology and empirical studies. Communities are seen by some ecologists as entities of coevolving species and, in any case, it is necessary to integrate evolutionary ideas with the varied concepts of community.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Problem-based learning in teaching chemistry: enthalpy changes in systems

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ayyildiz, Yildizay; Tarhan, Leman

2018-01-01

Problem-based learning (PBL) as a teaching strategy has recently become quite widespread in especially chemistry classes. Research has found that students, from elementary through college, have many alternative conceptions regarding enthalpy changes in systems. Although there are several studies focused on identifying student alternative conceptions and misunderstandings of this subject, studies on preventing the formation of these alternative conceptions are limited.

Alternative approaches to plasma confinement

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Roth, J. R.

1977-01-01

The potential applications of fusion reactors, the desirable properties of reactors intended for various applications, and the limitations of the Tokamak concept are discussed. The principles and characteristics of 20 distinct alternative confinement concepts are described, each of which may be an alternative to the Tokamak. The devices are classed as Tokamak-like, stellarator-like, mirror machines, bumpy tori, electrostatically assisted, migma concept, and wall-confined plasma.

The coexistence of alternative and scientific conceptions in physics

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ozdemir, Omer F.

The purpose of this study was to inquire about the simultaneous coexistence of alternative and scientific conceptions in the domain of physics. This study was particularly motivated by several arguments put forward in opposition to the Conceptual Change Model. In the simplest form, these arguments state that people construct different domains of knowledge and different modes of perception in different situations. Therefore, holding different conceptualizations is unavoidable and expecting a replacement in an individual's conceptual structure is not plausible in terms of instructional practices. The following research questions were generated to inquire about this argument: (1) Do individuals keep their alternative conceptions after they have acquired scientific conceptions? (2) Assuming that individuals who acquired scientific conceptions also have alternative conceptions, how are these different conceptions nested in their conceptual structure? (3) What kind of knowledge, skills, and reasoning are necessary to transfer scientific principles instead of alternative ones in the construction of a valid model? Analysis of the data collected from the non-physics group indicated that the nature of alternative conceptions is framed by two types of reasoning: reasoning by mental simulation and semiformal reasoning. Analysis of the data collected from the physics group revealed that mental images or scenes feeding reasoning by mental simulation had not disappeared after the acquisition of scientific conceptions. The analysis of data also provided enough evidence to conclude that alternative principles feeding semiformal reasoning have not necessarily disappeared after the acquisition of scientific conceptions. However, in regard to semiformal reasoning, compartmentalization was not as clear as the case demonstrated in reasoning by mental simulation; instead semiformal and scientific reasoning are intertwined in a way that the components of semiformal reasoning can easily take their place among the components of scientific reasoning. In spite of the fact that the coexistence of multiple conceptions might obstruct the transfer of scientific conceptions in problem-solving situations, several factors stimulating the use of scientific conceptions were noticed explicitly. These factors were categorized as follows: (a) the level of individuals' domain specific knowledge in the corresponding field, (b) the level of individuals' knowledge about the process of science (how science generates its knowledge claims), (c) the level of individuals' awareness of different types of reasoning and conceptions, and (d) the context in which the problem is situated. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)

Decision making by superimposing information from parallel cognitive channels

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Aityan, Sergey K.

1993-08-01

A theory of decision making with perception through parallel information channels is presented. Decision making is considered a parallel competitive process. Every channel can provide confirmation or rejection of a decision concept. Different channels provide different impact on the specific concepts caused by the goals and individual cognitive features. All concepts are divided into semantic clusters due to the goals and the system defaults. The clusters can be alternative or complimentary. The 'winner-take-all' concept nodes firing takes place within the alternative cluster. Concepts can be independently activated in the complimentary cluster. A cognitive channel affects a decision concept by sending an activating or inhibitory signal. The complimentary clusters serve for building up complex concepts by superimposing activation received from various channels. The decision making is provided by the alternative clusters. Every active concept in the alternative cluster tends to suppress the competitive concepts in the cluster by sending inhibitory signals to the other nodes of the cluster. The model accounts for a time delay in signal transmission between the nodes and explains decreasing of the reaction time if information is confirmed by different channels and increasing of the reaction time if deceiving information received from the channels.

The conception of the alternative and the decision to divorce.

PubMed

Kalb, M

1983-07-01

Despite soaring divorce rates and the effect of divorce on the individual, family, and society, professional scientific literature examining the factors governing the decision to divorce has been scant. The author suggests that the key variable affecting the decision to divorce can best be understood through an exploration of the individual's conception of the alternative. The factors that comprise the conception of the alternative are discussed and the problems inherent in its valid construction by the patient are examined. The therapeutic implementation of this conception is outlined.

The Alternative Media's Values for the 21st Century.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Jassem, Harvey C.

There are thousands of alternative media outlets in the United States. By definition, they differ from the mainstream dominant media. The idea that the media represent and promulgate societal values is widely held. While not monolithic, the dominant media which grew alongside mass industrialization share an overriding bias. The dominant media…

"Trees Live on Soil and Sunshine!"--Coexistence of Scientific and Alternative Conception of Tree Assimilation.

PubMed

Thorn, Christine Johanna; Bissinger, Kerstin; Thorn, Simon; Bogner, Franz Xaver

2016-01-01

Successful learning is the integration of new knowledge into existing schemes, leading to an integrated and correct scientific conception. By contrast, the co-existence of scientific and alternative conceptions may indicate a fragmented knowledge profile. Every learner is unique and thus carries an individual set of preconceptions before classroom engagement due to prior experiences. Hence, instructors and teachers have to consider the heterogeneous knowledge profiles of their class when teaching. However, determinants of fragmented knowledge profiles are not well understood yet, which may hamper a development of adapted teaching schemes. We used a questionnaire-based approach to assess conceptual knowledge of tree assimilation and wood synthesis surveying 885 students of four educational levels: 6th graders, 10th graders, natural science freshmen and other academic studies freshmen. We analysed the influence of learner's characteristics such as educational level, age and sex on the coexistence of scientific and alternative conceptions. Within all subsamples well-known alternative conceptions regarding tree assimilation and wood synthesis coexisted with correct scientific ones. For example, students describe trees to be living on "soil and sunshine", representing scientific knowledge of photosynthesis mingled with an alternative conception of trees eating like animals. Fragmented knowledge profiles occurred in all subsamples, but our models showed that improved education and age foster knowledge integration. Sex had almost no influence on the existing scientific conceptions and evolution of knowledge integration. Consequently, complex biological issues such as tree assimilation and wood synthesis need specific support e.g. through repeated learning units in class- and seminar-rooms in order to help especially young students to handle and overcome common alternative conceptions and appropriately integrate scientific conceptions into their knowledge profile.

“Trees Live on Soil and Sunshine!”- Coexistence of Scientific and Alternative Conception of Tree Assimilation

PubMed Central

Thorn, Simon; Bogner, Franz Xaver

2016-01-01

Successful learning is the integration of new knowledge into existing schemes, leading to an integrated and correct scientific conception. By contrast, the co-existence of scientific and alternative conceptions may indicate a fragmented knowledge profile. Every learner is unique and thus carries an individual set of preconceptions before classroom engagement due to prior experiences. Hence, instructors and teachers have to consider the heterogeneous knowledge profiles of their class when teaching. However, determinants of fragmented knowledge profiles are not well understood yet, which may hamper a development of adapted teaching schemes. We used a questionnaire-based approach to assess conceptual knowledge of tree assimilation and wood synthesis surveying 885 students of four educational levels: 6th graders, 10th graders, natural science freshmen and other academic studies freshmen. We analysed the influence of learner’s characteristics such as educational level, age and sex on the coexistence of scientific and alternative conceptions. Within all subsamples well-known alternative conceptions regarding tree assimilation and wood synthesis coexisted with correct scientific ones. For example, students describe trees to be living on “soil and sunshine”, representing scientific knowledge of photosynthesis mingled with an alternative conception of trees eating like animals. Fragmented knowledge profiles occurred in all subsamples, but our models showed that improved education and age foster knowledge integration. Sex had almost no influence on the existing scientific conceptions and evolution of knowledge integration. Consequently, complex biological issues such as tree assimilation and wood synthesis need specific support e.g. through repeated learning units in class- and seminar-rooms in order to help especially young students to handle and overcome common alternative conceptions and appropriately integrate scientific conceptions into their knowledge profile. PMID:26807974

Concept Development and Meaningful Learning among Electrical Engineering Students Engaged in a Problem-Based Laboratory Experience

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bledsoe, Karen E.; Flick, Lawrence

2012-01-01

This phenomenographic study documented changes in student-held electrical concepts the development of meaningful learning among students with both low and high prior knowledge within a problem-based learning (PBL) undergraduate electrical engineering course. This paper reports on four subjects: two with high prior knowledge and two with low prior…

An Example of the Quality of Students' Understanding: Initial Conceptions of Psychology.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gibbs, Graham; And Others

This paper discusses a survey undertaken to determine conceptions of psychology held by college students in an introductory social science course. Twenty-nine students were queried at the beginning of the course regarding the open-ended question, "If Esso garages were to invite a psychologist to improve the efficiency of petrol pump attendants,…

Foundational Concepts and Underlying Theories for Majors in "Biochemistry and Molecular Biology"

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Tansey, John T.; Baird, Teaster, Jr.; Cox, Michael M.; Fox, Kristin M.; Knight, Jennifer; Sears, Duane; Bell, Ellis

2013-01-01

Over the past two years, through an NSF RCN UBE grant, the ASBMB has held regional workshops for faculty members and science educators from around the country that focused on identifying: 1) core principles of biochemistry and molecular biology, 2) essential concepts and underlying theories from physics, chemistry, and mathematics, and 3)…

Argentinean Students' and Teachers' Conceptions of Day and Night: An Analysis in Relation to Astronomical Reference Systems

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Galperin, D.; Raviolo, A.

2015-01-01

This work analysed the evolution of day/night cycle conceptions held by students of different ages and teachers in the Patagonian region of Argentina. The research was based on drawings, written explanations and semi-structured individual interviews. The results showed that both teachers and students had significant comprehension problems. These…

The Relationship between Science Achievement and Self-Concept among Gifted Students from the Third International Earth Science Olympiad

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Chang, Chun-Yen; Lin, Pei-Ling

2017-01-01

This study investigated the relationship between gifted students' academic self-concept (ASC) and academic achievement (AC) in earth science with internationally representative high-school students from the third International Earth Science Olympiad (IESO) held in Taiwan in 2009. The results of regression analysis indicated that IESO students' ASC…

Substitution and Sameness: Two Components of a Relational Conception of the Equals Sign

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Jones, Ian; Inglis, Matthew; Gilmore, Camilla; Dowens, Margaret

2012-01-01

A sophisticated and flexible understanding of the equals sign (=) is important for arithmetic competence and for learning further mathematics, particularly algebra. Research has identified two common conceptions held by children: the equals sign as an operator and the equals sign as signaling the same value on both sides of the equation. We argue…

Meeting Report: FutureTox II: Contemporary Concepts in Toxicology “Pathways to Prediction: In Vitro and In Silico Models for Predictive Toxicology”

EPA Science Inventory

The Society of Toxicology (SOT) held avery successful FutureTox II Contemporary Concepts in Toxicology (CCT) Conference in Chapel Hill, North Carolina, on January 16th and 17th, 2014. There were over 291 attendees representing industry, government and academia; the sessions were ...

Teacher Conceptions of Integrated STEM Education and How They Are Reflected in Integrated STEM Curriculum Writing and Classroom Implementation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ring, Elizabeth A.

There has been a nation-wide push for an increase in the use of integrated science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) education in the United States. With this shift in epistemological, pedagogical, and curricular content, there is a need to develop an understanding as to what integrated STEM education is, particularly among practitioners. In this dissertation, inservice science teacher conceptions of integrated STEM education were investigated to help understand what these conceptions are and how these conceptions influence curriculum writing and implementation of integrated STEM curricula in classrooms. Teacher conceptions and their influences were investigated through three separate but interrelated studies. First, K-12 inservice science teachers' conceptions of integrated STEM were investigated through the analysis of their sketched models of integrated STEM education. How these models changed throughout an intensive, three-week professional development was also explored. The goal of this first study was to identify conceptual models of integrated STEM education held by inservice science teachers and to understand how these conceptions might change over the course of a professional development. Second, photo elicitation interviews (PEIs) and curricular analysis were used to provide rich descriptions of the conceptual models of integrated STEM education held by inservice science teachers, determine what components of STEM inservice science teachers found fundamental to integrating STEM in the classroom based on their conceptions, and explore how teachers' conceptions of STEM were used in their development of integrated STEM curricula. The goal of this second study was to better understand inservice science teachers' conceptual models of integrated STEM and explore how these models were realized in the teachers' curriculum writing. Third, a multiple-case study was conducted with three teachers to investigate how the conceptual models held by inservice science teachers were enacted in their implementation of an integrated STEM curriculum unit in their classrooms. The goal of this third study was to determine how, if at all, teachers enact their conceptual models of integrated STEM education in the classroom when implementing a STEM curriculum. Together, these three studies helped to broaden the research related to integrated STEM education in the literature. The progressive nature of the studies in this dissertation, as well as the diverse use of methodologies and data analysis, helped to expand STEM education research.

Darbishire expands his vision of heredity from Mendelian genetics to inherited memory.

PubMed

Wood, Roger J

2015-10-01

The British biologist A.D. Darbishire (1879-1915) responded to the rediscovery in 1900 of Mendel's theory of heredity by testing it experimentally, first in Oxford, then in Manchester and London. He summarised his conclusions in a textbook 'Breeding and the Mendelian Discovery' (1911), in which he questioned whether Mendelism alone could explain all aspects of practical breeding experience. Already he had begun to think about an alternative theory to give greater emphasis to the widely held conviction among breeders regarding the inheritance of characteristics acquired during an individual's life. Redefining heredity in terms of a germ-plasm based biological memory, he used vocabulary drawn partly from sources outside conventional science, including the metaphysical/vitalistic writings of Samuel Butler and Henri Bergson. An evolving hereditary memory fitted well with the conception of breeding as a creative art aimed at greater economic efficiency. For evolution beyond human control he proposed a self-modifying process, claiming it to surpass in efficiency the chancy mechanism of natural selection proposed by Darwin. From his writings, including early chapters of an unfinished book entitled 'An Introduction to a Biology', we consider how he reached these concepts and how they relate to later advances in understanding the genome and the genetic programme. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Threshold Concepts: From Personal Practice to Communities of Practice. Proceedings of the National Academy's Sixth Annual Conference and the Fourth Biennial Threshold Concepts Conference [E-publication] (Dublin, Ireland, June 27-29, 2012)

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

O'Mahony, Catherine, Ed.; Buchanan, Avril, Ed.; O'Rourke, Mary, Ed.; Higgs, Bettie, Ed.

2014-01-01

The 6th Annual Conference of the National Academy for the Integration of Research, Teaching and Learning (NAIRTL) and the 4th Biennial Threshold Concepts Conference was held at Trinity College Dublin, Ireland, on June 27-29, 2012. The NAIRTL is a collaborative initiative between University College Cork, Cork Institute of Technology, National…

Fuel cells for low power applications

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Heinzel, A.; Hebling, C.; Müller, M.; Zedda, M.; Müller, C.

Electronic devices show an ever-increasing power demand and thus, require innovative concepts for power supply. For a wide range of power and energy capacity, membrane fuel cells are an attractive alternative to conventional batteries. The main advantages are the flexibility with respect to power and capacity achievable with different devices for energy conversion and energy storage, the long lifetime and long service life, the good ecological balance, very low self-discharge. Therefore, the development of fuel cell systems for portable electronic devices is an attractive, although also a challenging, goal. The fuel for a membrane fuel cell might be hydrogen from a hydride storage system or methanol/water as a liquid alternative. The main differences between the two systems are the much higher power density for hydrogen fuel cells, the higher energy density per weight for the liquid fuel, safety aspects and infrastructure for fuel supply for hydride materials. For different applications, different system designs are required. High power cells are required for portable computers, low power methanol fuel cells required for mobile phones in hybrid systems with batteries and micro-fuel cells are required, e.g. for hand held PCs in the sub-Watt range. All these technologies are currently under development. Performance data and results of simulations and experimental investigations will be presented.

Methodology and mental illness: resistance and restorying.

PubMed

Fisher, P; Freshwater, D

2014-04-01

Concerns with social justice have been traditionally associated with a modernist concept of the individual whose actions express an underlying, essential and unified self. This paper compares the usefulness of two methodologies (post-structuralist and narrative) that are based on a rejection of identity of a unified self and compares their usefulness in relation to the development of a social justice paradigm within mental health. It considers how professional forms of knowledge may be deconstructed by post-structural analyses, arguing that these have also been used by service users to articulate more enabling discursive alternatives. The notion of agency is central to our understanding of social justice. We question the commonly held assumption that although post-structuralism deconstructs power and challenges its legitimacy, it is nevertheless unsuited to facilitating the necessary agency to put forward viable alternatives. The second half of the paper considers how narrative research offers greater emancipatory potential by enabling the research subject to author their stories and thereby brings about their own subjective transformation. Nevertheless, the interpretation of people's stories by researchers may result in the imposition of narrative templates that erase complexities and contribute to the perpetuation of oppression. This raises ethical implications in relation to how people's stories are interpreted. © 2013 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Development and Assessment of a Diagnostic Tool to Identify Organic Chemistry Students' Alternative Conceptions Related to Acid Strength

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

McClary, LaKeisha M.; Bretz, Stacey Lowery

2012-01-01

The central goal of this study was to create a new diagnostic tool to identify organic chemistry students' alternative conceptions related to acid strength. Twenty years of research on secondary and college students' conceptions about acids and bases has shown that these important concepts are difficult for students to apply to qualitative problem…

Alternatives across Latin America: catalysing change in the curriculum.

PubMed

Jukes, Nick

2009-01-01

A 6-week series of seminars addressing replacement of harmful animal use in education and training was held across Latin America in March-April 2008. Organised by InterNICHE and partner organisations in Bolivia, Peru, Brazil, Argentina and Mexico, the events built on the experience of previous major outreach in Russia and India. Up to 6 full-day seminars were held at universities and independent venues in each country. Smaller meetings with campaigners, teachers and professional bodies complemented the large presentations. All events included spoken presentations, demonstrations and free trials of a wide range of alternatives. Speakers included InterNICHE experts and those from the host countries who are involved in replacement work. Partner organisations were empowered through the process of planning and execution of the seminars, and the tour helped to identify and provide support to others who are progressing humane education initiatives. Further collaboration is now planned. Information on the current situation concerning animal use and alternatives, including laws and regulations, was also gathered from each country. The tour succeeded in raising awareness and generating interest in replacement alternatives, also by national-level interviews and media coverage. Information and freeware alternatives were widely distributed, and further translations of material into Spanish and Portuguese are in progress. To continue the hands-on access to alternatives provided at the seminars, a Mexican / Central American Alternatives Loan System has been established, and others are being built in Peru and Brasil. The donation of computers and alternatives to selected universities is also being planned in order to establish multimedia laboratories that will promote alternatives through example.

Narrating Neoliberalism: Alternative Education Teachers' Conceptions of Their Changing Roles

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Golden, Noah Asher

2018-01-01

The signifier "alternative" in education has largely shifted from progressive or humanizing pedagogies to deficit framings requiring alternate graduation criteria. This development is part of broader neoliberal educational reform efforts that disrupt longstanding conceptions of teachers' roles. This study serves to investigate long-term…

Alternative Work Experience Programs. Final Report.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Karnes, M. Ray

A study was conducted in six south central Mississippi counties (1) to determine the incidence of part-time employment of in-school youth by age, grade, sex, and race; (2) to determine types of part-time jobs held by youths while in public school and their available work experience alternatives; (3) to obtain employed youth and their parents'…

Development of Alternatives to Chronic Ecotoxicity Tests: Predicting Early-life Stage and Endocrine-mediated Toxicity in Aquatic Vertebrate Species

EPA Science Inventory

In June 2010, the ILSI Health and Environmental Sciences Institute (HESI) with support from sanofi-aventis, NC3Rs, the Humane Society, L’Oreal, and ECVAM, held a workshop aimed at examining critical science needs related to the development of alternatives to chronic fish toxicity...

ICT and Constructivist Strategies Instruction for Science and Mathematics Education

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kong, Ng Wai; Lai, Kong Sow

2005-01-01

Concept learning in science and mathematics had often times been taught based on assumptions of alternative concepts or even in some instances based on misconceptions. Some educational researchers favour a constructivist approach in teaching science and mathematics. The constructivist literature existing makes use of alternative conceptions as…

Satellite Power Systems (SPS) Concept Definition Study. Volume 1: Executive Summary

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hanley, G.

1978-01-01

The evolution of a total satellite power is described as well as major subsystem alternatives. Trade study results are given for satellite concepts, ground receiving antennas, satellite construction sites, and transportation. Point design definition, end-to-end analysis, and programmatics are covered. The GaAlAs photovoltaic concept is recommended as the current preliminary baseline satellite concept with silicon photovoltaic and Rankine cycle solar-thermal concepts as viable alternatives. Geosynchronous orbit is preferred for the construction of the satellite. A horizontal takeoff and landing air breathing rocket HLLV concept is preferred for earth-to-LEO transportation, with vertical takeoff options as viable alternatives. An argon electric orbit transfer vehicle is preferred for cargo transport from LEO and GEO orbit, and a chemical LH2/L02, two-stage orbit transfer vehicle is recommended for crew transport. A stripline rectenna array is the current preferred concept.

Proceedings of the International Cryocooler Conference (7th) Held in Santa Fe, New Mexico on 17-19 November 1992. Part 4

DTIC Science & Technology

1993-04-01

and Long Life Applications, Stirling Cryocoolers , Pulse Tube Refrigerators, Novel Concepts and Component D)evclopment, Low Temperature Regenerator... Stirling Cryocoolers , Pulse Tube Refrigerators, Novel Concepts and Component Development, Low Temperature Regenerator Development, and J-T and...213 LINEARIZED PULSE TUBE CRYOCOOLER THEORY ....H . M ilels .. .... ...................... ..... ...... ....... ......... 22 1

A Study on Identifying the Misconceptions of Pre-Service and In-Service Teachers about Basic Astronomy Concepts

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kanli, Uygar

2014-01-01

Nowadays, the importance given to astronomy teaching in science and physics education has been gradually increasing. At the same time, teachers play an important role in remediating the misconceptions about astronomy concepts held by students. The present study aims to determine the misconceptions of pre-service physics teachers (n = 117),…

Exploring Relations among Preservice Elementary Teachers' Ideas about Evolution, Understanding of Relevant Science Concepts, and College Science Coursework

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Rice, Diana C.; Kaya, Sibel

2012-01-01

This study investigated the relations among preservice elementary teachers' ideas about evolution, their understanding of basic science concepts and college science coursework. Forty-two percent of 240 participants did not accept the theory of human evolution, but held inconsistent ideas about related topics, such as co-existence of humans and…

PIMACS (Polarimeter and improved modular anti-coincidence system): an effective instrument concept for x-, gamma-ray monitoring, and polarimetry measurements on the International Space Station

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Stuffler, Timo; Graue, Roland; Bird, Antony J.; Dean, Antony; Staubert, Rüdiger

2018-04-01

This paper, "PIMACS (Polarimeter and improved modular anti-coincidence system): an effective instrument concept for x-, gamma-ray monitoring, and polarimetry measurements on the International Space Station," was presented as part of International Conference on Space Optics—ICSO 1997, held in Toulouse, France.

Lifelong Learning as a Chameleonic Concept and Versatile Practice: Y2K Perspectives and Trends

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Grace, Andre P.

2004-01-01

This essay focuses on contemporary lifelong-learning discourse as it was reflected in deliberations during three events held in Australia, Canada and the UK during 2000-01. Through the dialogical lenses of these Y2K events that brought together an array of international participants, it examines lifelong learning as a chameleonic concept and…

Preservice Teachers' Conceptions about Computers: An Ongoing Search for Transformative Appropriations of Modern Technologies

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Katic, Elvira K.

2008-01-01

Due to the variety of text forms that are being created as a result of improving information technologies, understandings of literacy must be broadened to include a variety of meaning-making modes in order to include different social, cultural, and material contexts. The following case study examined the conceptions of technology held by two…

Learning Illustrated: An Exploratory Cross-Sectional Drawing Analysis of Students' Conceptions of Learning

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hsieh, Wen-Min; Tsai, Chin-Chung

2018-01-01

Using the draw-a-picture technique, the authors explored the learning conceptions held by students across grade levels. A total of 1,067 Taiwanese students in Grades 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12 participated in this study. Participants were asked to use drawing to illustrate how they conceptualize learning. A coding checklist was developed to analyze…

Genetics and the unity of biology. Program

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Not Available

1988-12-31

International Congresses of Genetics, convened just once every five years, provide a rare opportunity for overview in the field of genetic engineering. The Congress, held August 20-27, 1988 in Toronto, Canada focused on the theme Genetics and the Unity of Biology, which was chosen because the concepts of modern genetics have provided biology with a unifying theoretical structure. This program guide contains a schedule of all Congress activities and a listing of all Symposia, Workshops and Poster Sessions held.

Seeking 'energy' vs. pain relief in spas in Brazil (Caldas da Imperatriz) and Portugal (Termas da Sulfurea).

PubMed

Quintela, Maria Manuel

2011-04-01

This paper is a comparative ethnography of the therapeutic practices at two different spa locations: Caldas da Imperatriz, SC, Brazil, and Termas da Sulfurea in Cabeco de Vide, Portugal. The comparison reveals the existence of contrasting 'explanatory models' held by the spa-goers as well as by the official medical systems. In the Portuguese context this model is highly medicalized; in the Brazilian case, spa treatments are viewed as 'alternative' or 'complementary' therapy and are also related to religious philosophies. Each model corresponds to a different idiom expressing certain experiences and world views, one focusing on 'pains' (dores) and the other on 'energy' (energia), the former leading to the rationale of 'curing', the latter to the notion of 'energizing'. In this paper the author intends to analyze and contrast the categories found in these models, which originate from different conceptions of health, illness and healing for Brazilian and Portuguese spa-goers.

Heading for new shores! Overcoming pitfalls in BCI design

PubMed Central

Chavarriaga, Ricardo; Fried-Oken, Melanie; Kleih, Sonja; Lotte, Fabien; Scherer, Reinhold

2017-01-01

Research in brain-computer interfaces has achieved impressive progress towards implementing assistive technologies for restoration or substitution of lost motor capabilities, as well as supporting technologies for able-bodied subjects. Notwithstanding this progress, effective translation of these interfaces from proof-of concept prototypes into reliable applications remains elusive. As a matter of fact, most of the current BCI systems cannot be used independently for long periods of time by their intended end-users. Multiple factors that impair achieving this goal have already been identified. However, it is not clear how do they affect the overall BCI performance or how they should be tackled. This is worsened by the publication bias where only positive results are disseminated, preventing the research community from learning from its errors. This paper is the result of a workshop held at the 6th International BCI meeting in Asilomar. We summarize here the discussion on concrete research avenues and guidelines that may help overcoming common pitfalls and make BCIs become a useful alternative communication device. PMID:29629393

Heading for new shores! Overcoming pitfalls in BCI design.

PubMed

Chavarriaga, Ricardo; Fried-Oken, Melanie; Kleih, Sonja; Lotte, Fabien; Scherer, Reinhold

2017-01-01

Research in brain-computer interfaces has achieved impressive progress towards implementing assistive technologies for restoration or substitution of lost motor capabilities, as well as supporting technologies for able-bodied subjects. Notwithstanding this progress, effective translation of these interfaces from proof-of concept prototypes into reliable applications remains elusive. As a matter of fact, most of the current BCI systems cannot be used independently for long periods of time by their intended end-users. Multiple factors that impair achieving this goal have already been identified. However, it is not clear how do they affect the overall BCI performance or how they should be tackled. This is worsened by the publication bias where only positive results are disseminated, preventing the research community from learning from its errors. This paper is the result of a workshop held at the 6th International BCI meeting in Asilomar. We summarize here the discussion on concrete research avenues and guidelines that may help overcoming common pitfalls and make BCIs become a useful alternative communication device.

The acquisition of biological knowledge during childhood: Cognitive conflict or tabula rasa?

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lawson, Anton E.

Clinical interviews were conducted with three elementary school children, who varied in age but not in family or school environment, to determine the extent to which they held naive misconceptions about important biological topics and to determine agewise trends in the development of biological knowledge. Does early biological knowledge acquisition follow a pattern of spontaneous naive theory construction and cognitive conflict or does it follow a pattern of gradual accretion to an initially blank slate? Contrary to findings in the physical sciences, little evidence was found for biological misconceptions as knowledge acquisition appeared to more directly follow the gradual accretion hypothesis with the primary source of that knowledge adult authority rather than personal experience. However, conceptual change teaching is still advocated due to its ability to provoke students to consider and test alternative conceptions (even if they are not their own) as a means of encouraging the development of important general reasoning patterns utilized in the testing of causal hypotheses.

Examining Children's Models of Seed.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Jewell, Natalie

2002-01-01

Reports research that examines children's models of seed. Explores the conceptions held by children (N=75) of germination and seed formation. Concludes that children hold a restricted meaning for the term 'seed'. (DDR)

Shift of Meaning and Students' Alternative Concepts

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Schmidt, Hans-Jurgen; Volke, Dagmar

2003-01-01

The purpose of the study was to establish a relationship between the shift of meaning of the concept oxidation that has taken place during the historical development, and students' alternative concepts. First Examination Board papers were examined. The result enabled us to specify the research question. In the main part of the study,…

The Problems of "Competence" and Alternatives from the Scandinavian Perspective of "Bildung"

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Willbergh, Ilmi

2015-01-01

The paper aims to show how competence as an educational concept for the 21st century is struggling with theoretical problems for which the concept of "Bildung" in the European tradition can offer alternatives, and to discuss the possibility of developing a sustainable educational concept from the perspectives of competence and…

Concept identification for a power take-off shielding campaign.

PubMed

Tinc, P J; Madden, E; Park, S; Weil, R; Sorensen, J A

2015-01-01

ABSTRACT Machinery entanglements, specifically power take-off (PTO) entanglements, are a leading cause of injuries and fatalities on farms. In order to address this life-threatening issue, a social marketing campaign is being developed to reduce barriers and emphasize motivators to shielding. This article discusses the process of designing, testing, and selecting concepts to be used in the campaign. Small-group discussions (triads) were held to test 13 message concepts. Participants were asked to provide feedback and select the two messages that they believed to be most powerful. Upon completion, three message concepts were selected to be finalized.

Effective nutrition from conception to adulthood.

PubMed

Leese, Henry J

2014-12-01

This article summarises presentations at the plenary session of the Annual Meeting of the British Fertility Society, on Effective nutrition from conception to adulthood, held in Sheffield, UK in January 2014. It highlights the pivotal role of the late David Barker (1938-2014) in revolutionising our understanding of the influence of maternal, gamete, embryo, foetal and infant nutrition on the health of the offspring in later life.

The New Engineering Research Centers: Purposes, Goals, and Expectations. Symposium (District of Columbia, April 29-30, 1985).

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

National Academy of Sciences - National Research Council, Washington, DC. Commission on Engineering and Technical Systems.

The sympoisum was held to describe the roots and future plans of the Engineering Research Center's (ERC's) concept and program. The first section of this symposium compilation describes the national goals that the ERCs represent. The second section presents the point of view of the National Science Foundation on the ERCs--the concept behind them,…

Fundamental Research in Engineering Education. Development of Concept Questions and Inquiry-Based Activities in Thermodynamics and Heat Transfer: An Example for Equilibrium vs. Steady-State

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Vigeant, Margot; Prince, Michael; Nottis, Katharyn

2011-01-01

This study examines the use of inquiry-based instruction to promote the understanding of critical concepts in thermodynamics and heat transfer. Significant research shows that students frequently enter our courses with tightly held misconceptions about the physical world that are not effectively addressed through traditional instruction. Students'…

K-8th Grade Korean Students' Conceptions of 'Changes of State' and 'Conditions for Changes of State'. Research Report

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Paik, Seoung-Hey; Kim, Hyo-Nam; Cho, Boo-Kyoung; Park, Jae-Won

2004-01-01

This study investigates the various conceptions held by K-8th Korean grade students regarding the 'changes of state' and the 'conditions for changes of state'. The study used a sample of five kindergarteners, five secondgrade students, five fourth-grade students, five sixth-grade students, and five eighth-grade students. The 25 students attend…

Proceedings of the Tenth Annual National Conference on Ada Technology. Held in Arlington, VA, on February 24-28, 1992

DTIC Science & Technology

1992-02-01

Newsletter, Vol. 5, No. 1, January 1983 be translated from HAL’S. 4. Klumpp, Allan R., An Ada Linear Algebra Software development costs for using the...a linear algebra approach to As noted above, the concept of the problem and address the problem of unitdimensional analysis extends beyond problems...you will join us again next year. The 11th Annual Conference on Ada Technology (1993) will be held here at the Hyatt Regency - Crystal City

Enhanced LOD Concepts for Virtual 3d City Models

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Benner, J.; Geiger, A.; Gröger, G.; Häfele, K.-H.; Löwner, M.-O.

2013-09-01

Virtual 3D city models contain digital three dimensional representations of city objects like buildings, streets or technical infrastructure. Because size and complexity of these models continuously grow, a Level of Detail (LoD) concept effectively supporting the partitioning of a complete model into alternative models of different complexity and providing metadata, addressing informational content, complexity and quality of each alternative model is indispensable. After a short overview on various LoD concepts, this paper discusses the existing LoD concept of the CityGML standard for 3D city models and identifies a number of deficits. Based on this analysis, an alternative concept is developed and illustrated with several examples. It differentiates between first, a Geometric Level of Detail (GLoD) and a Semantic Level of Detail (SLoD), and second between the interior building and its exterior shell. Finally, a possible implementation of the new concept is demonstrated by means of an UML model.

Some Student Conceptions of Electromagnetic Induction

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Thong, Wai Meng; Gunstone, Richard

2008-01-01

Introductory electromagnetism is a central part of undergraduate physics. Although there has been some research into student conceptions of electromagnetism, studies have been sparse and separated. This study sought to explore second year physics students’ conceptions of electromagnetism, to investigate to what extent the results from the present study are similar to these results from other studies, and to uncover any new forms of alternative conceptions. Data for this study came from 15 in-depth interviews. Three previously unreported alternative conceptions were identified in the study: 1) induced current varies proportionately with current in solenoid; 2) there must be contact between magnetic flux and the external coil in order for any emf to be induced in the coil; 3) coulombic or electrostatic potential difference is present in an induced electric field. These alternative conceptions were manifested in these students’ explanations of electromagnetic phenomena presented to them during the interviews.

Students' Alternative Conceptions about Electricity and Effect of Inquiry-Based Teaching Strategies

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Afra, Nada Chatila; Osta, Iman; Zoubeir, Wassim

2009-01-01

This study attempted to investigate the alternative conceptions that a group of 12 Lebanese students in a grade 9 class hold about electricity. It also attempted to evaluate learning outcomes of implementing in that class an inquiry-based module for the acquisition of conceptual understanding of basic concepts in electricity. Fourteen mostly…

Alternative Frameworks of the Secondary School Students on the Concept of Condensation at Submicroscopic Level

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Abdullah, Nurdiana; Surif, Johari; Ismail, Syuhaida

2016-01-01

The study was carried out to identify the alternative frameworks on the concept of condensation at submicroscopic level among secondary school students (N = 324). Data was collected by using the qualitative method through the Understanding Test on the Concept of Matter at Submicroscopic Level which consisted of 10 open-ended questions. The…

Novice Explanations of Hurricane Formation Offer Insights into Scientific Literacy and the Development of Expert-Like Conceptions

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Arthurs, Leilani A.; Van Den Broeke, Matthew S.

2016-01-01

The ability to explain scientific phenomena is a key feature of scientific literacy, and engaging students' prior knowledge, especially their alternate conceptions, is an effective strategy for enhancing scientific literacy and developing expertise. The gap in knowledge about the alternate conceptions that novices have about many of Earth's…

Are Alternative Conceptions Dependent on Researchers' Methodology and Definition?: A Review of Empirical Studies Related to Concepts of Heat

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wong, Chee Leong; Chu, Hye-Eun; Yap, Kueh Chin

2016-01-01

Currently, there is no agreement among scientists and science educators on whether heat should be defined as a "process of energy transfer" or "form of energy." For example, students may conceive of heat as "molecular kinetic energy," but the interpretation of this alternative conception is dependent on educational…

Toward a Concept of Facilitative Theorizing: An Alternative to Prescriptive and Descriptive Theory in Educational Technology

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Yanchar, Stephen C.; Faulconer, James E.

2011-01-01

This article presents the concept of facilitative theorizing as an alternative to prescriptive and descriptive theory in educational technology. The authors contend that these traditional forms of theory do not offer sufficient assistance to practitioners as they go about everyday design work. Facilitative theorizing, as an alternative, is…

A Vygotskian analysis of preservice teachers' conceptions of dissolving and density

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Shaker elJishi, Ziad

The purpose of this study was to examine the content knowledge of 64 elementary preservice teachers for the concepts of dissolving and density. Vygotsky's (1987) theory of concept development was used as a framework to categorize concepts and misconceptions resulting from evidences of preservice teacher knowledge including pre/post concept maps, writing artifacts, pre/post face-to-face interviews, examination results, and drawings. Statistical significances were found for pre- and post-concept map scores for dissolving (t = -5.773, p < 0.001) and density (t = -2.948, p = 0.005). As measured using Cohen's d values, increases in mean scores showed a medium-large effect size for (dissolving) and a small effect size for density. The triangulated results using all data types revealed that preservice teachers held several robust misconceptions about dissolving including the explanation that dissolving is a breakdown of substances, a formation of mixtures, and/or involves chemical change. Most preservice teachers relied on concrete concepts (such as rate or solubility) to explain dissolving. With regard to density, preservice teachers held two robust misconceptions including confusing density with buoyancy to explain the phenomena of floating and sinking, and confusing density with heaviness, mass, and weight. Most preservice teachers gained one concept for density, the density algorithm. Most preservice teachers who participated in this study demonstrated Vygotsky's notion of complex thinking and were unable to transform their thinking to the scientific conceptual level. That is, they were unable to articulate an understanding of either the process of dissolving or density that included a unified system of knowledge characterized as abstract, generalizable and hierarchical. Results suggest the need to instruct preservice elementary science teachers about the particulate nature of matter, intermolecular forces, and the Archimedes' principle.

Using High-Content Imaging to Analyze Toxicological Tipping Points (ICTATT meeting China)

EPA Science Inventory

Presentation at International Conference on Toxicological Alternatives & Translational Toxicology (ICTATT) held in China and Discussing the possibility of using High Content Imaging to Analyze Toxicological Tipping Points

Roadmap to quieter highways

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Corbisier, Christopher

2005-09-01

Research in Europe, as documented by an FHWA/AASHTO European Scan Tour held in May 2004, and recent activity in Arizona and California, has fostered much interest in ``quiet pavements.'' On September 14-16, 2004, an FHWA sponsored Roadmap to Quieter Highways workshop was held at Purdue University. Participants were from the disciplines of pavement, safety, and noise from FHWA, State departments of transportation, industry (paving associations, general contractors, tire, and vehicle manufacturers), and academia. After several breakout sessions in the areas of policy, construction, maintenance, analysis (measurement and prediction), research, and design, the group had identified the knowledge gaps and developed a plan to fill those gaps. Several activities have been implemented based on the Roadmap to Quieter Highways. An Expert Task Group was formed to provide a draft provisional standard for the measurement methodologies, e.g., source, wayside, pavement absorption. A Tire/Pavement 101 workshop is being developed to educate pavement practitioners in noise concepts and noise practitioners in pavement concepts. A Tire/Pavement Noise clearinghouse is being developed as a one-stop location for all current tire/pavement noise or quiet pavement activities. Several research studies have been started and a second workshop will be held in 2006 to assess progress of the Roadmap.

Is DNA Alive? A Study of Conceptual Change Through Targeted Instruction

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Witzig, Stephen B.; Freyermuth, Sharyn K.; Siegel, Marcelle A.; Izci, Kemal; Pires, J. Chris

2013-08-01

We are involved in a project to incorporate innovative assessments within a reform-based large-lecture biochemistry course for nonmajors. We not only assessed misconceptions but purposefully changed instruction throughout the semester to confront student ideas. Our research questions targeted student conceptions of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) along with understanding in what ways classroom discussions/activities influence student conceptions. Data sources included pre-/post-assessments, semi-structured interviews, and student work on exams/assessments. We found that students held misconceptions about the chemical nature of DNA, with 63 % of students claiming that DNA is alive prior to instruction. The chemical nature of DNA is an important fundamental concept in science fields. We confronted this misconception throughout the semester collecting data from several instructional interventions. Case studies of individual students revealed how various instructional strategies/assessments allowed students to construct and demonstrate the scientifically accepted understanding of the chemical nature of DNA. However, the post-assessment exposed that 40 % of students still held misconceptions about DNA, indicating the persistent nature of this misconception. Implications for teaching and learning are discussed.

Minutes of FSC 5935, Connector Standardization Planning Meeting Held at Dayton, Ohio on 25-27 August 1982.

DTIC Science & Technology

1982-11-30

the cost of an alternate signal set: - Power - Bidirectional data link (point-to-point) (plus store receptacle or induction coil) b. FUNCTION...digital fuzes had been implemented. The first presentation described an inductive data link for surface launched projectiles which sent both power and...AD-A130 681 MINUTES OF FSC 5935 CONNECTOR STANDARDIZATION PLANNING 1/2 MEETING HELD AT DAYTON OHIO ON 25-27 AUGUST 1982WU) DEFENSE ELECTRONICS SUPPLY

[History of the German-Japanese Society of Dermatology].

PubMed

Nishioka, Kiyoshi

2017-03-01

The relationships between German and Japanese dermatology are traditionally very strong. This fact led Professor Hornstein and Professor Nishiyama to organize joint meetings of dermatologists from both countries. The first meeting of the German-Japanese Society of Dermatology was held in Erlangen, Germany, following the 16th World Congress of Dermatology in 1967. Since then, meetings have been held alternating between Germany and Japan. These meetings were successfully organized by professors from both countries. In this article, I present memorable photos from these joint meetings.

Drawing on student knowledge in human anatomy and physiology

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Slominski, Tara Nicole

Prior to instruction, students may have developed alternative conceptions about the mechanics behind human physiology. To help students re-shape these ideas into correct reasoning, the faulty characteristics reinforcing the alternative conceptions need to made explicit. This study used student-generated drawings to expose alternative conceptions Human Anatomy and Physiology students had prior to instruction on neuron physiology. Specifically, we investigated how students thought about neuron communication across a synapse (n=355) and how neuron activity can be modified (n=311). When asked to depict basic communication between two neurons, at least 80% of students demonstrated incorrect ideas about synaptic transmission. When targeting spatial and temporal summation, only eleven students (3.5%) were able to accurately depict at least one form of summation. In response to both drawing questions, student drawings revealed multiple alternative conceptions that resulted in a deeper analysis and characterization of the wide variation of student ideas.

An Assessment of Alternate Thermal Protection Systems for the Space Shuttle Orbiter. Volume 1; Executive Summary

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hays, D.

1982-01-01

Alternate thermal protection system (TPS) concepts to the Space Shuttle Orbiter were assessed. Metallic, ablator, and carbon-carbon concepts which are the result of some previous design, manufacturing and testing effort were considered. Emphasis was placed on improved TPS durability, which could potentially reduce life cycle costs and improve Orbiter operational characteristics. Integrated concept/orbiter point designs were generated and analyzed on the basis of Shuttle design environments and criteria. A merit function evaluation methodology based on mission impact, life cycle costs, and risk was developed to compare the candidate concepts and to identify the best alternate. Voids and deficiencies in the technology were identified, along with recommended activities to overcome them. Finally, programmatic plans, including ROM costs and schedules, were developed for all activities required to bring the selected alternate system up to operational readiness.

American Alternative Fuels Act of 2011

THOMAS, 112th Congress

Sen. Barrasso, John [R-WY

2011-05-10

Senate - 06/07/2011 Committee on Energy and Natural Resources. Hearings held. Hearings printed: S.Hrg. 112-107. (All Actions) Tracker: This bill has the status IntroducedHere are the steps for Status of Legislation:

The Dominance Concept Inventory: A Tool for Assessing Undergraduate Student Alternative Conceptions about Dominance in Mendelian and Population Genetics

PubMed Central

Perez, Kathryn E.; Price, Rebecca M.

2014-01-01

Despite the impact of genetics on daily life, biology undergraduates understand some key genetics concepts poorly. One concept requiring attention is dominance, which many students understand as a fixed property of an allele or trait and regularly conflate with frequency in a population or selective advantage. We present the Dominance Concept Inventory (DCI), an instrument to gather data on selected alternative conceptions about dominance. During development of the 16-item test, we used expert surveys (n = 12), student interviews (n = 42), and field tests (n = 1763) from introductory and advanced biology undergraduates at public and private, majority- and minority-serving, 2- and 4-yr institutions in the United States. In the final field test across all subject populations (n = 709), item difficulty ranged from 0.08 to 0.84 (0.51 ± 0.049 SEM), while item discrimination ranged from 0.11 to 0.82 (0.50 ± 0.048 SEM). Internal reliability (Cronbach's alpha) was 0.77, while test–retest reliability values were 0.74 (product moment correlation) and 0.77 (intraclass correlation). The prevalence of alternative conceptions in the field tests shows that introductory and advanced students retain confusion about dominance after instruction. All measures support the DCI as a useful instrument for measuring undergraduate biology student understanding and alternative conceptions about dominance. PMID:26086665

Exploring the Assessment of the DSM-5 Alternative Model for Personality Disorders With the Personality Assessment Inventory.

PubMed

Busch, Alexander J; Morey, Leslie C; Hopwood, Christopher J

2017-01-01

Section III of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed. [DSM-5]; American Psychiatric Association, 2013) contains an alternative model for the diagnosis of personality disorder involving the assessment of 25 traits and a global level of overall personality functioning. There is hope that this model will be increasingly used in clinical and research settings, and the ability to apply established instruments to assess these concepts could facilitate this process. This study sought to develop scoring algorithms for these alternative model concepts using scales from the Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI). A multiple regression strategy used to predict scores in 2 undergraduate samples on DSM-5 alternative model instruments: the Personality Inventory for the DSM-5 (PID-5) and the General Personality Pathology scale (GPP; Morey et al., 2011 ). These regression functions resulted in scores that demonstrated promising convergent and discriminant validity across the alternative model concepts, as well as a factor structure in a cross-validation sample that was congruent with the putative structure of the alternative model traits. Results were linked to the PAI community normative data to provide normative information regarding these alternative model concepts that can be used to identify elevated traits and personality functioning level scores.

Curriculum and Cognition

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Rosenstein, Joseph

1971-01-01

Paper presented at the Summer Meeting of the Alexander Graham Bell Association for the Deaf held in Philadelphia, June 24-27, 1970. Discussed are concepts of curriculum development, cognitive development, and educational methods with implications for the handicapped. (CB)

Alternative Conceptions in Animal Classification Focusing on Amphibians and Reptiles: A Cross-Age Study

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Yen, Chiung-Fen; Yao, Tsung-Wei; Chiu, Yu-Chih

2004-01-01

This study examined students' alternative conceptions of reptiles and amphibians and the extent to which these conceptions remain intact through the elementary (grades 4 and 6), junior, and senior high school years. We administered multiple-choice and free-response instruments to a total of 513 students and interviewed at least 20 students at each…

Revolutionary Concepts of Radiation Shielding for Human Exploration of Space

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Adams, J. H., Jr.; Hathaway, D. H.; Grugel, R. N.; Watts, J. W.; Parnell, T. A.; Gregory, J. C.; Winglee, R. M.

2005-01-01

This Technical Memorandum covers revolutionary ideas for space radiation shielding that would mitigate mission costs while limiting human exposure, as studied in a workshop held at Marshall Space Flight Center at the request of NASA Headquarters. None of the revolutionary new ideas examined for the .rst time in this workshop showed clear promise. The workshop attendees felt that some previously examined concepts were de.nitely useful and should be pursued. The workshop attendees also concluded that several of the new concepts warranted further investigation to clarify their value.

Proceedings of the European ISTVS Conference (6th), OVK Symposium (4th), on "Off Road Vehicles in Theory and Practice". Held at Vienna, Austria on 28-30 September 1994. Volume 2.

DTIC Science & Technology

1994-09-30

experimental proof-of-concept series hybrid thermo-mechano-elec- tromechanical and/or electromechanical All-Wheel-Driven (AWD) pro- pulsion, All-Wheel...caterpillar-tracks’ motorized sprocket-, road- and tensioner- wheels form a complete proof-of-concept series hybrid thermo- mechano-electromechanical and/or...tromechanical AWA supension spheres and skid-steering conversion spheres used as integral spheres together with future new concept hybrid thermo

Exploring one aspect of pedagogical content knowledge of teaching assistants using the Conceptual Survey of Electricity and Magnetism

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Karim, Nafis I.; Maries, Alexandru; Singh, Chandralekha

2018-06-01

The Conceptual Survey of Electricity and Magnetism (CSEM) has been used to assess student understanding of introductory concepts of electricity and magnetism because many of the items on the CSEM have strong distractor choices which correspond to students' alternate conceptions. Instruction is unlikely to be effective if instructors do not know the common alternate conceptions of introductory physics students and explicitly take into account common student difficulties in their instructional design. Here, we discuss research involving the CSEM to evaluate one aspect of the pedagogical content knowledge of teaching assistants (TAs): knowledge of introductory students' alternate conceptions in electricity and magnetism as revealed by the CSEM. For each item on the CSEM, the TAs were asked to identify the most common incorrect answer choice selected by introductory physics students if they did not know the correct answer after traditional instruction. Then, we used introductory student CSEM post-test data to assess the extent to which TAs were able to identify the most common alternate conception of introductory students in each question on the CSEM. We find that the TAs were thoughtful when attempting to identify common student difficulties and they enjoyed learning about student difficulties this way. However, they struggled to identify many common difficulties of introductory students that persist after traditional instruction. We discuss specific alternate conceptions that persist after traditional instruction, the extent to which TAs were able to identify them, and results from think-aloud interviews with TAs which provided valuable information regarding why the TAs sometimes selected certain alternate conceptions as the most common but were instead very rare among introductory students. We also discuss how tasks such as the one used in this study can be used in professional development programs to engender productive discussions about the importance of being knowledgeable about student alternate conceptions in order to help students learn. Interviews with TAs engaged in this task as well as our experience with such tasks in our professional development programs suggest that they are beneficial.

The Development of an Open-Ended Drawing Tool: An Alternative Diagnostic Tool for Assessing Students' Understanding of the Particulate Nature of Matter

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Nyachwaya, James M.; Mohamed, Abdi-Rizak; Roehrig, Gillian H.; Wood, Nathan B.; Kern, Anne L.; Schneider, Jamie L.

2011-01-01

Many studies in the chemical education literature report students' alternative conceptions in chemistry and the difficulty they present for future learning. In this paper, we review existing diagnostic tools used to uncover students' alternative conceptions in chemistry and suggest that there are two fundamental issues with such instruments,…

Bridging the Gap between Preservice Early Childhood Teachers' Cultural Values, Perceptions of Values Held by Scientists, and the Relationships of These Values to Conceptions of Nature of Science

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Akerson, Valarie L.; Buzzelli, Cary A.; Eastwood, Jennifer L.

2012-01-01

This study explored preservice teachers' views of their own cultural values, the cultural values they believed scientists hold, and the relationships of these views to their conceptions of nature of science (NOS). Parallel assignments in a foundations of early childhood education and a science methods course required preservice teachers to explore…

Proceedings of the International Cryocooler Conference (7th) Held in Santa Fe, New Mexico on 17-19 November 1992. Part 3

DTIC Science & Technology

1993-04-01

Stirling Cryocoolers , Pulse Tube Refrigerators, Novel Concepts and Component Development, Low Temperature Regenerator Development...topics included Cryocooler Testing and Modeling, Space and Long Life Applications, Stirling Cryocoolers , Pulse Tube Refrigerators, Novel Concepts and...with bold variables. 785 PL-CP--93-1001 Phasor analysis is useful for regenerative cryocoolers , such as Stirling and pulse tube refrigerators,

Green Infrastructure & Sustainable Urban Land Use Decision Analysis Workshop

EPA Science Inventory

Introduce green infrastructure, concepts and land use alternatives, to City of Cleveland operations staff. Discuss potential of green alternatives to impact daily operations and routine maintenance activities. Tie in sustainability concepts to long-term City planning and discu...

Protection: clarifying the concept for use in nursing practice.

PubMed

Lorenz, Susan G

2007-01-01

The protection of patients is integral in any healthcare setting. Healthcare organizations are increasingly held accountable for preventable medical errors, the attitudes toward safety, and communication among all levels of providers, collaborative practices, and recognition of risks. The concept of protection is inherent in nursing practice. It provides a framework, that further defines healthcare provider's roles in meeting these imperatives. The scope of protection is considered both globally and individually prominent. Nurses protect patients from environmental hazards, themselves, and any perceived threat. In this analysis of the phenomenon, the concept is clarified, and an evidence-based approach to protection is utilized for theory development and concept measurement.

Assessment of Alternate Thermal Protection Systems for the Space Shuttle Orbiter

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Kelly, H. N.; Webb, G. L.

1982-01-01

Candidate concepts are identified. The impact on the Shuttle Orbiter performance life cycle cost, and risk was assessed and technology advances required to bring the selected TPS to operational readiness are defined. The best system is shown to be a hybrid blend of metallic and carbon-carbon TPS concepts. These alternate concepts offer significant improvements in reusability and are mass competitive with the current ceramic tile reusable surface insulation. Programmatic analysis indicates approximately five years are required to bring the concepts to operational readiness.

Lightweight, High-Current Welding Gun

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Starck, Thomas F.; Brennan, Andrew D.

1989-01-01

Lighweight resistance-welding, hand-held gun supplies alternating or direct current over range of 600 to 4,000 A and applies forces from 40 to 60 lb during welding. Used to weld metal sheets in multilayered stacks.

Megawatt Class Nuclear Space Power Systems (MCNSPS) conceptual design and evaluation report. Volume 3, technologies 2: Power conversion

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Wetch, J. R.

1988-01-01

The major power conversion concepts considered for the Megawatt Class Nuclear Space Power System (MCNSPS) are discussed. These concepts include: (1) Rankine alkali-metal-vapor turbine alternators; (2) in-core thermionic conversion; (3) Brayton gas turbine alternators; and (4) free piston Stirling engine linear alternators. Considerations important to the coupling of these four conversion alternatives to an appropriate nuclear reactor heat source are examined along with the comparative performance characteristics of the combined systems meeting MCNSPS requirements.

Treatment hurts: Lay theories of graded exposure in the treatment of four anxiety disorders

PubMed Central

Furnham, Adrian; Wilson, Emma; Chapman, Amy; Persuad, Raj

2013-01-01

Objective This paper concerned the perceived suffering/side effects caused by various well-known treatments for personal problems. It looked at whether people understood whether potentially painful treatments that confront negative aversive affect were effective or not. Method In total, 106 participants completed a long questionnaire assessing the ‘psychological pain’ ratings of 30 psychotherapy treatments, varying in fear exposure, for four relatively common anxiety disorders: social phobia, agoraphobia, post-traumatic stress disorder, and obsessive compulsive disorder. Results Factor analytic results revealed four clear factors underlying lay efficacy beliefs of psychotherapy interventions, varying in fear exposure: talking therapies, fear confrontation, fear avoidance, and alternative therapies. Talking therapies were rated the most effective across all disorders, but also the most painful. Fear avoidance therapies were rated the least effective and, along with alternative medicine, the least painful. Treatments involving fear exposure were rated the most painful. Regression analysis revealed talking therapies to be rated more efficacious by younger subjects than older subjects. Conclusion Most people seem able to differentiate between the efficacies of interventions for different anxiety disorders and hold consensually held optimistic conceptions about the usefulness of psychotherapy treatments and counseling that involve fear exposure, despite knowledge of the psychophysical side effects that these therapies often entail. They favored talking cures over others, but that may have been due to misleading items in the questionnaire. PMID:26405431

Popper's Fallibilism.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Perkinson, Henry

1978-01-01

Describes the theories of Karl Popper regarding scientific knowledge and scientific methodology; tells how the Popper-Darwinian theory of growth of knowledge offers an alternative nonauthoritarian conception of the educational process, and thus an alternative conception of the functions of the teacher and the school. (GT)

History as Passport: Frances FitzGerald and Her Critics.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Westfall, William

1981-01-01

Attempts to get at some of the assumptions and definitions behind "America Revised" by Frances FitzGerald and, in addition, to investigate some of the conceptions of history held by critics who reviewed the book. (DB)

The psychopathology of hallucinations--a methodological analysis.

PubMed

Lothane, Z

1982-12-01

A psychiatry based on operational and dynamic principles requires a new definition of hallucinations which is both heuristically useful and helpful for the understanding of the phenomenon of hallucinations. The time-hallowed definition of hallucinations as 'perceptions without stimulation of the sense organs' is both incorrect and a relic of late 19th century para-physiological thinking. Heuristically it leads into a blind alley. Central to the redefinition of hallucinations is the conception of the hallucinator, the author of his hallucinations, homologous to the dreamer, the author of his dreams. This idea was held firmly by early French 19th century clinicians, who were inspired by a holistic and operational conception in philosophy. Hallucinations are a multifaceted complex human mental activity and defined by means of a number of parameters held together as an indivisible whole. Hallucinations are described phenomenologically, psychologically, dynamically, psychodynamically, emotionally, logically, nosologically, and interpersonally.

Analysis of the Alternative Conceptions of Preservice Teachers and High School Students Concerning Atomic Size

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Eymur, Guluzar; Çetin, Pinar; Geban, Ömer

2013-01-01

The purpose of this study was to analyze and compare the alternative conceptions of high school students and preservice teachers on the concept of atomic size. The Atomic Size Diagnostic Instrument was developed; it is composed of eight, two-tier multiple-choice items. The results of the study showed that as a whole 56.2% of preservice teachers…

A Resource for Eliciting Student Alternative Conceptions: Examining the Adaptability of a Concept Inventory for Natural Selection at the Secondary School Level

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lucero, Margaret M.; Petrosino, Anthony J.

2017-01-01

The Conceptual Inventory of Natural Selection (CINS) is an example of a research-based instrument that assesses conceptual understanding in an area that contains well-documented alternative conceptions. Much of the CINS's use and original validation has been relegated to undergraduate settings, but the information learned from student responses on…

Study of alternate space shuttle concepts

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1971-01-01

A study of alternate space shuttle concepts was conducted to examine the stage-and-one-half concept and its potential for later conversion and use in the two stage reusable shuttle system. A study of external hydrogen tank concepts was conducted to determine the issues involved in the design and production of a low-cost expendable tank system. The major objectives of the study were to determine: (1) realistic drop tank program cost estimates, (2) estimated drop tank program cost for selected specific designs, and (3) change in program cost due to variations in design and manufacturing concepts and changes in program assumptions.

Alternative Reproductive Technologies: Implications for Children and Families. Hearing before the Select Committee on Children, Youth, and Families. House of Representatives, One Hundredth Congress, First Session (May 21, 1987).

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Congress of the U.S., Washington, DC. House Select Committee on Children, Youth, and Families.

A hearing was held for the purpose of receiving testimony about alternative reproductive technologies and their implications for children, families, and society. Testimony provided: (1) a comparison of in vitro fertilization and gamete intrafallopian transfer, and trends in in vitro fertilization; (2) a summary of definitions, statistics, and the…

Z-Pinch Fusion for Energy Applications

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

SPIELMAN,RICK B.

2000-01-01

Z pinches, the oldest fusion concept, have recently been revisited in light of significant advances in the fields of plasma physics and pulsed power engineering. The possibility exists for z-pinch fusion to play a role in commercial energy applications. We report on work to develop z-pinch fusion concepts, the result of an extensive literature search, and the output for a congressionally-mandated workshop on fusion energy held in Snowmass, Co July 11-23,1999.

Registration open for "Cancer and Immunotherapy: From Conception to Delivery" symposium | Center for Cancer Research

Cancer.gov

The Annual Immunology Symposium, sponsored by the CCR’s Center of Excellence in Immunology will be held this fall on October 12-13th in Masur and Lipsett Auditorium in Building 10.  This year’s theme is "Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy:  From Conception to Delivery", and the symposium will be chaired by Drs. Nicholas Restifo and Steve Rosenberg.  Learn more...

Utilisation des fibres optiques dans un interférométre stellalre: demonstration en laboratoire des possibilités d'imagerie, étude et conception de lignes à retard métrique

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Delage, L.; Simohamed, L. M.; Reynaud, F.

2018-04-01

This paper, "Utilisation des fibres optiques dans un interférométre stellalre: demonstration en laboratoire des possibilités d'imagerie, étude et conception de lignes à retard métrique," was presented as part of International Conference on Space Optics—ICSO 1997, held in Toulouse, France.

Understanding Resource Allocation in High Schools.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hartman, William T.

Despite commonly held views concerning educators' rational decision-making behavior, there are competing interpretations of school personnels' objective, actions, and decision-making processes. Alternative explanations emphasize bureaucratic routine, administrative convenience, educator self-interest, and political motivations, rather than…

Examining the progression and consistency of thermal concepts: a cross-age study

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Adadan, Emine; Yavuzkaya, Merve Nur

2018-03-01

This cross-sectional study examined how the progression and consistency of students' understanding of thermal concepts in everyday contexts changes across the grade levels. A total of 656 Turkish students from Grade 8 (age 13-14), Grade 10 (age 15-16), and the first year of college (age 19-20) participated in the study. The data were analysed using statistical procedures (descriptive and inferential). Findings indicated a substantial progression in the students' scientific understanding of thermal concepts across grade levels. In addition, the students' alternative conceptions about thermal concepts generally decreased in frequency across grade levels, but certain alternative conceptions were observed in every grade level to a similar extent. Even though the number of students who consistently used scientific ideas increased across grade levels, the number of students who consistently used non-scientific ideas decreased across grade levels. However, the number of students who used scientific and non-scientific ideas inconsistently generally increased as they progressed in the science curriculum. These findings can be associated with either fragmentation or alternative conceptions that result from the gradual enrichment processes students experience when they try to integrate scientific concepts into their conceptual frameworks.

Study of Alternate Space Shuttle Concepts. Volume 2, Part 2: Concept Analysis and Definition

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1971-01-01

This is the final report of a Phase A Study of Alternate Space Shuttle Concepts by the Lockheed Missiles & Space Company (LMSC) for the National Aeronautics and Space Administration George C. Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC). The eleven-month study, which began on 30 June 1970, is to examine the stage-and-one-half and other Space Shuttle configurations and to establish feasibility, performance, cost, and schedules for the selected concepts. This final report consists of four volumes as follows: Volume I - Executive Summary, Volume II - Concept Analysis and Definition, Volume III - Program Planning, and Volume IV - Data Cost Data. This document is Volume II, Concept Analysis and Definition.

Greek Children's Alternative Conceptions on Weather and Climate.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Spiropoulou, D.; Kostopoulos, D.; Jacovides, C. P.

1999-01-01

Describes a survey of Greek schoolchildren's alternative conceptions about weather and climate. Finds that misconceptions exist, including confusion between the meanings of the terms "weather" and "climate", inflated estimates of temperature, and a belief that yearly weather data define climate. Suggests ways to help students…

HRST architecture modeling and assessments

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Comstock, Douglas A.

1997-01-01

This paper presents work supporting the assessment of advanced concept options for the Highly Reusable Space Transportation (HRST) study. It describes the development of computer models as the basis for creating an integrated capability to evaluate the economic feasibility and sustainability of a variety of system architectures. It summarizes modeling capabilities for use on the HRST study to perform sensitivity analysis of alternative architectures (consisting of different combinations of highly reusable vehicles, launch assist systems, and alternative operations and support concepts) in terms of cost, schedule, performance, and demand. In addition, the identification and preliminary assessment of alternative market segments for HRST applications, such as space manufacturing, space tourism, etc., is described. Finally, the development of an initial prototype model that can begin to be used for modeling alternative HRST concepts at the system level is presented.

Alternative detox.

PubMed

Ernst, E

2012-01-01

The concept that alternative therapies can eliminate toxins and toxicants from the body, i.e. 'alternative detox' (AD) is popular. Selected textbooks and articles on the subject of AD. The principles of AD make no sense from a scientific perspective and there is no clinical evidence to support them. The promotion of AD treatments provides income for some entrepreneurs but has the potential to cause harm to patients and consumers. In alternative medicine, simplistic but incorrect concepts such as AD abound. AREAS TIMELY FOR RESEARCH: All therapeutic claims should be scientifically tested before being advertised-and AD cannot be an exception.

A practical system for regional mobile satellite services

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Glein, Randall; Leverson, Denis; Olmstead, Dean

1993-01-01

The Regional Mobile Satellite (MSAT) concept proposes a worldwide, interconnected mobile satellite service (MSS) network in which MSAT-type satellites provide the space segment services to separate regions (i.e., one or a few countries). Using this concept, mobile communications users across entire continents can now be served by a handful of regionally controlled satellites in geostationary earth orbit (GEO). All requirements, including hand-held telephone capabilities, can be cost-effectively provided using proven technologies. While other concepts of regional or global mobile communications continue to be explored, the Hughes Regional MSAT system demonstrates the near-term viability of the GEO approach.

Proceedings of the Workshop on Advanced Network and Technology Concepts for Mobile, Micro, and Personal Communications

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Paul, Lori (Editor)

1991-01-01

The Workshop on Advanced Network and Technology Concepts for Mobile, Micro, and Personal Communications was held at NASA's JPL Laboratory on 30-31 May 1991. It provided a forum for reviewing the development of advanced network and technology concepts for turn-of-the-century telecommunications. The workshop was organized into three main categories: (1) Satellite-Based Networks (L-band, C-band, Ku-band, and Ka-band); (2) Terrestrial-Based Networks (cellular, CT2, PCN, GSM, and other networks); and (3) Hybrid Satellite/Terrestrial Networks. The proceedings contain presentation papers from each of the above categories.

Adaptive jammer nulling in EHF communications satellites

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bhagwan, Jai; Kavanagh, Stephen; Yen, J. L.

A preliminary investigation is reviewed concerning adaptive null steering multibeam uplink receiving system concepts for future extremely high frequency communications satellites. Primary alternatives in the design of the uplink antenna, the multibeam adaptive nulling receiver, and the processing algorithm and optimization criterion are discussed. The alternatives are phased array, lens or reflector antennas, nulling at radio frequency or an intermediate frequency, wideband versus narrowband nulling, and various adaptive nulling algorithms. A primary determinant of the hardware complexity is the receiving system architecture, which is described for the alternative antenna and nulling concepts. The final concept chosen will be influenced by the nulling performance requirements, cost, and technological readiness.

Towards a Lakatosian Analysis of the Piagetian and Alternative Conceptions Research Programs.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gilbert, John K.; Swift, David J.

1985-01-01

Lakatos's methodology of scientific research programs is summarized and discussed for Piagetian schools and alternative conceptions movement. Commonalities/differences between these two rival programs are presented along with fundamental assumptions, auxiliary hypotheses, and research policy. Suggests that research findings should not be merely…

Camp Minden Fact Sheet June 2015

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

Details of the CBS, an alternative remedy selected by LMD, was the topic for a Community Meeting held May 28, 2015. Representatives from the EPA, LDEQ, and LMD were available to answer questions from from the community on removal actions.

Nurses amidst change: the concept of change fatigue offers an alternative perspective on organizational change.

PubMed

McMillan, Kim; Perron, Amélie

2013-02-01

This article aims to clarify the concept of change fatigue and deems further exploration of the concept within the discipline of nursing is relevant and necessary. The concept of change fatigue has evolved from the discipline of management as a means to explore organization change and its associated triumphs and failures. Change fatigue has typically been described as one and the same as change resistance, with very little literature acknowledging that they are in fact distinct concepts. Concept clarification has highlighted the striking differences and few similarities that exist between the concepts of change fatigue and change resistance. Further exploration and subsequent research on the concept of change fatigue is needed within the discipline of nursing. The concept not only presents new and alternative perspectives on the processes of organization change, but provides opportunity for theory development that recognizes the impact organizational change has on nurses' work lives.

neoPASCAL: A Cubesat-based approach to validate Mars GCMs using a network of landed sensors

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Moores, John; Podmore, Hugh; Lee, Regina S. K.; Haberle, Robert

2017-10-01

Beginning in the 1990s, concepts for a network of 15-20 small (12.8 kg) landers to measure surface pressure across Mars were proposed (Merrihew et al., 1996). Such distributed measurements were seen as particularly valuable as they held the promise of validating Mars Global Circulation Models (GCMs), for which the diurnal and seasonal variations in surface pressure may be diagnostically related to atmospheric parameters (Haberle et al., 1996). MicroMET, later renamed PASCAL, was a Discovery contender, however, the total mass required for the 20 landers and a support orbiter presented a challenge compared to the delivered science.In the 20 years since this concept originated, miniaturization of spacecraft systems, sensors and components has made substantial progress. Several small planetary science spacecraft based on the CubeSat design approach will launch in the next few years. Yet, only one meteorological station (REMS) currently operates on the surface of Mars. Meanwhile, the output from atmospheric models have become ever more critical for understanding key Martian geological processes including volatile transport, identifying the extent and persistence of surface brines, understanding the sources and sinks of methane and investigating the past climate of Mars, to name only a few areas.As such, it is time to reconsider the PASCAL concept. We find that modern equipment opens up payload space in the original 12.8 kg entry-vehicles from 23 g to nearly 1 kg, sufficient for adding small imagers, spectrometers and other additional or alternate payloads to examine atmosphere and surface over a wide geographic range of settings. If, instead, we seek the minimum solution for spacecraft mass, we find that a pressure-sensing vehicle would mass < 250 g at entry making these spacecraft appealing secondary payloads for future Mars missions.

Talking about taste: using a discursive psychological approach to examine challenges to food evaluations.

PubMed

Wiggins, Sally

2004-08-01

This study is concerned with developing the interdisciplinary nature of food research, and with examining eating practices as they occur in everyday situations. The aim is to demonstrate how discursive approaches may contribute to eating research using a specific analytical example. A discursive psychological approach is used to examine mealtime conversations from 10 families with the analysis focusing on how food evaluations are challenged in interaction-for example, asking someone to justify what they think is 'wrong' with the food. Data are presented with 7 examples of the 30 challenges that were found within the data corpus. The analysis demonstrates how people may be held accountable for their expressed taste preferences when being challenged, and how this contributes to our understanding of eating as primarily an individual and embodied experience. It is argued that a specific and detailed analysis of eating interactions provides an alternative way of conceptualising food evaluations as discursive rather than mentalistic concepts. A discursive approach also opens up practical ways in which the social and familial aspects of eating may be examined as they occur as part of food practices.

A compact disc under skimming light rays

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

De Luca, R.; Di Mauro, M.; Fiore, O.; Naddeo, A.

2018-03-01

The optical properties of a compact disc (CD) under "skimming" light rays have been analyzed. We have noticed that a clear green line can be detected when the disc is irradiated with light rays coming from a lamp in such a way that only those skimming the CD, held horizontally, are selected. We provide a physical interpretation of this phenomenon on the basis of elementary optics concepts. Extension of these concepts to digital versatile discs (DVDs) is given.

Barriers to College Students Learning How Rocks Form

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kortz, Karen M.; Murray, Daniel P.

2009-01-01

Students do not have a good understanding of how rocks form. Instead, they have many non-scientific alternative conceptions to explain different aspects of rock formation. Using 10 interviews and nearly 200 questionnaires filled out by students at four different colleges, we identified many alternative conceptions students have about rock…

Student Conceptions of Ionic Bonding: Patterns of Thinking across Three European Contexts

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Taber, Keith S.; Tsaparlis, Georgios; Nakiboglu, Canan

2012-01-01

Previous research has reported that students commonly develop alternative conceptions in the core topic of chemical bonding. Research in England has reported that students there commonly demonstrate an alternative "molecular" conceptual framework for thinking about ionic bonding: in terms of the formation of molecule-like ions pairs…

Strategies Reported Used by Instructors to Address Student Alternate Conceptions in Chemical Equilibrium

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Piquette, Jeff S.; Heikkinen, Henry W.

2005-01-01

This study explores general-chemistry instructors' awareness of and ability to identify and address common student learning obstacles in chemical equilibrium. Reported instructor strategies directed at remediating student alternate conceptions were investigated and compared with successful, literature-based conceptual change methods. Fifty-two…

Marital Quality from a Rural Indian Context in Comparative Perspective

PubMed Central

Allendorf, Keera

2016-01-01

This paper describes the conception of marital quality held by respondents living in one Indian village, as identified through an analysis of semi-structured interviews (n=46). Their conception of marital quality is summed up in the overarching ideal of the life partner and characterized by the dimensions of love, peace, understanding, communication, trust, and balance. This conception is then compared to the conception of marital quality found in the literature, which was developed in reference to Western contexts. The comparison suggests that the villagers’ conception of marital quality intersects in many ways with that found in the literature, but there are also important differences. These results point to the importance of greater examination of marital quality in non-Western contexts without unthinkingly applying Western measures. PMID:27152057

Psychometric Analysis of the Thermochemistry Concept Inventory

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wren, David; Barbera, Jack

2014-01-01

Assessing conceptual understanding of foundational topics before instruction on higher-order concepts can provide chemical educators with information to aid instructional design. This study provides an instrument that can be used to identify students' alternative conceptions regarding thermochemistry concepts. The Thermochemistry Concept Inventory…

Disarmament, Security and Development

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, 1976

1976-01-01

Provided is a summary of the 26th Pugwash Conference on Science and World Affairs held August 26-31, 1976, in Muhlhausen, East Germany. World problems discussed included: arms limitations, military research and development, nuclear test ban, alternative energy sources, and genetic engineering. (SL)

Proceedings of the Space Shuttle Sortie Workshop. Volume 1: Policy and system characteristics

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1972-01-01

The workshop held to definitize the utilization of the space shuttle is reported, and the objectives of the workshop are listed. The policy papers are presented along with concepts of the space shuttle program, and the sortie workshop.

Concepts of Agriscience

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Murdock, Ashleigh Barbee

2010-01-01

Secondary vocational-technical education programs in Mississippi are faced with many challenges resulting from sweeping educational reforms at the national and state levels. Schools and teachers are increasingly being held accountable for providing true learning activities to every student in the classroom. This accountability is measured through…

Evaluation of Students' Conceptual Understanding of Malaria

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Poh-Ai Cheong, Irene; Treagust, David; Kyeleve, Iorhemen J.; Oh, Peck-Yoke

2010-12-01

In this study, a two-tier diagnostic test for understanding malaria was developed and administered to 314 Bruneian students in Year 12 and in a nursing diploma course. The validity, reliability, difficulty level, discriminant indices, and reading ability of the test were examined and found to be acceptable in terms of measuring students' understanding and identifying alternative conceptions with respect to malaria. Results showed that students' understanding of malaria was high for content, low for reasons, and limited and superficial for both content and reasons. The instrument revealed several common alternative conceptual understandings students' hold about malaria. The MalariaTT2 instrument developed could be used in classroom lessons for challenging alternative conceptions and enhancing conceptions of malaria.

Exobiology in Earth orbit: The results of science workshops held at NASA, Ames Research Center

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Defrees, D. (Editor); Brownlee, D. (Editor); Tarter, J. (Editor); Usher, D. (Editor); Irvine, W. (Editor); Klein, H. (Editor)

1989-01-01

The Workshops on Exobiology in Earth Orbit were held to explore concepts for orbital experiments of exobiological interest and make recommendations on which classes of experiments should be carried out. Various observational and experimental opportunities in Earth orbit are described including those associated with the Space Shuttle laboratories, spacecraft deployed from the Space Shuttle and expendable launch vehicles, the Space Station, and lunar bases. Specific science issues and technology needs are summarized. Finally, a list of recommended experiments in the areas of observational exobiology, cosmic dust collection, and in situ experiments is presented.

Alternate Approaches to Exploration: The Single Crew Module Concept

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Chambliss, Joe

2011-01-01

The Cx Program envisioned exploration of the moon and mars using an extrapolation of the Apollo approach. If new technology development initiatives are successful, they will provide capabilities that can enable alternate approaches. This presentation will provide a brief overview of the Cx approaches for lunar and Mars missions and some of the alternatives that were considered. Then an alternative approach referred to as a Single Crew Module approach is described. The SCM concept employs new technologies in a way that could reduce exploration cost and possibly schedule. Options to the approaches will be presented and discussed.

Exceptions or alternatives to labeling requirements for products held by the Strategic National Stockpile. Final rule.

PubMed

2012-02-06

The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is adopting as a final rule, without change, the interim final rule that issued regulations permitting FDA Center Directors to grant exceptions or alternatives to certain regulatory labeling requirements applicable to human drugs, biological products, or medical devices that are or will be included in the Strategic National Stockpile (SNS). FDA is taking this action to complete the rulemaking initiated with the interim final rule.

Rheoencephalography (REG) as a Non-Invasive Monitoring Alternative for the Assessment of Brain Blood Flow

DTIC Science & Technology

2004-09-01

arterial pressure of 40 mmHg, and then held there until experimental intervention, resuscitation, decompensation or death occurred. The experiment was...regulations relating to animals and experiments involving animals and adheres to principles stated in the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals...Rheoencephalography (REG) as a Non-Invasive Monitoring Alternative for the Assessment of Brain Blood Flow P3 - 12 RTO-MP-HFM-109 experiments we

Alternative Conceptions Concerning the Earth's Interior Exhibited by Honduran Students

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Capps, Daniel K.; McAllister, Meredith; Boone, William J.

2013-01-01

Although multiple studies of misconceptions in Earth science have been completed using samples of North American and European students and teachers, little research has been conducted on alternative Earth science conceptions in developing countries. The current study was conducted in 5th- and 6th-grade classrooms in eastern Honduras, Central…

Turkish High School Students' Ideas about Invertebrates: General Characteristics and Classification

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Cinici, Ayhan

2013-01-01

Identifying alternative conceptions is a vital part of teaching and learning in science because it provides information about students' ideas to both themselves and their teachers. In this context, the purpose of the current study is twofold. The first aim is to examine high school students' alternative conceptions about general characteristics…

The Effectiveness of Process-Oriented Guided Inquiry Learning to Reduce Alternative Conceptions in Secondary Chemistry

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Barthlow, Michelle J.; Watson, Scott B.

2014-01-01

A nonequivalent, control group design was used to investigate student achievement in secondary chemistry. This study investigated the effect of process-oriented guided inquiry learning (POGIL) in high school chemistry to reduce alternate conceptions related to the particulate nature of matter versus traditional lecture pedagogy. Data were…

Alternate Perspectives on Concept Internalization: Learning Top Down Vs. Learning Bottom Up.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Pines, A. Leon

This paper outlines two alternate ways in which concepts are acquired, known as "top down" and "bottom up". "Bottom up" refers to learning the members of a category and then extracting their similarities or differences, the rule or criterial attributes used to make the categorization. In the "top down"…

Advances in Vehicle Systems Concepts and Integration. (les Avancees en concepts systemes pour vehicules et en integration)

DTIC Science & Technology

2000-04-01

the electronics manufacturers who have made avionics upgrades a profitable line-of- business . However, this observation is not in the best interest of...in encouraging communica- both the AH-lZ and UH-IY airframes, for example). tion between all IPT members. These TIMs were held Technical leaders from...aircraft operating in the maritime and placed strategically on the airframes to increase their environment experienced by the Navy and Marines are

Proceedings of the International Cryocoolers Conference (4th) Held in Easton, Maryland on 25-26 September 1986

DTIC Science & Technology

1987-10-30

simple relationship for the required refrigerant mass flow rate, m, for a given cooling load, q1l m = where Ah is the enthalpy difference between the cool...compressor concepts were tested to determine their performance. No measurable difference in performance was found and the first, more compact, concept was...resulting change in orifice size adjusts the mass flow rate through the valve. By reducing excursions in the pressure difference across the J-T valve, the

Plug nozzles: The ultimate customer driven propulsion system

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Aukerman, Carl A.

1991-01-01

This paper presents the results of a study applying the plug cluster nozzle concept to the propulsion system for a typical lunar excursion vehicle. Primary attention for the design criteria is given to user defined factors such as reliability, low volume, and ease of propulsion system development. Total thrust and specific impulse are held constant in the study while other parameters are explored to minimize the design chamber pressure. A brief history of the plug nozzle concept is included to point out the advanced level of technology of the concept and the feasibility of exploiting the variables considered in this study. The plug cluster concept looks very promising as a candidate for consideration for the ultimate customer driven propulsion system.

Plug nozzles - The ultimate customer driven propulsion system. [applied to manned lunar and Martian landers

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Aukerman, Carl A.

1991-01-01

This paper presents the results of a study applying the plug cluster nozzle concept to the propulsion system for a typical lunar excursion vehicle. Primary attention for the design criteria is given to user defined factors such as reliability, low volume, and ease of propulsion system development. Total thrust and specific impulse are held constant in the study while other parameters are explored to minimize the design chamber pressure. A brief history of the plug nozzle concept is included to point out the advanced level of technology of the concept and the feasibility of exploiting the variables considered in the study. The plug cluster concept looks very promising as a candidate for consideration for the ultimate customer driven propulsion system.

From Common Sense Concepts to Scientifically Conditioned Concepts of Chemical Bonding: An Historical and Textbook Approach Designed to Address Learning and Teaching Issues at the Secondary School Level

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Croft, Michael; de Berg, Kevin

2014-09-01

This paper selects six key alternative conceptions identified in the literature on student understandings of chemical bonding and illustrates how a historical analysis and a textbook analysis can inform these conceptions and lead to recommendations for improving the teaching and learning of chemical bonding at the secondary school level. The historical analysis and the textbook analysis focus on the concepts of charge, octet, electron pair, ionic, covalent and metallic bonding. Finally, a table of recommendations is made for teacher and student in the light of four fundamental questions and the six alternative conceptions to enhance the quality of the curriculum resources available and the level of student engagement.

An Appropriate Culminating Mathematics Course.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Haver, Bill; Turbeville, Gwen

1995-01-01

Describes a freshman level mathematics course designed as an alternate to algebra for non-science majors. Mathematical content is based on real-world situations, student activities include small and large projects done in groups or individually, and lecture time is held to a minimum. (MKR)

7 CFR 932.29 - Nominations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... Secretary: (i) Meetings shall be held in each producer district for the purpose of selecting candidates for the member and alternate member nominations; (ii) Those candidates selected at the producer meetings... meetings called by the committee, the independent handlers shall nominate a qualified person for each...

Preliminary Design of ICI-based Multimedia for Reconceptualizing Electric Conceptions at Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Samsudin, A.; Suhandi, A.; Rusdiana, D.; Kaniawati, I.

2016-08-01

Interactive Conceptual Instruction (ICI) based Multimedia has been developed to represent the electric concepts turn into more real and meaningful learning. The initial design of ICI based multimedia is a multimedia computer that allows users to explore the entire electric concepts in terms of the existing conceptual and practical. Pre-service physics teachers should be provided with the learning that could optimize the conceptions held by re-conceptualizing concepts in Basic Physics II, especially the concepts about electricity. To collect and to analyze the data genuinely and comprehensively, researchers utilized a developing method of ADDIE which has comprehensive steps: analyzing, design, development, implementation, and evaluation. The ADDIE developing steps has been utilized to describe comprehensively from the phase of analysis program up until the evaluation program. Based on data analysis, it can be concluded that ICI-based multimedia could effectively increase the pre-service physics teachers’ understanding on electric conceptions for re-conceptualizing electric conceptions at Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia.

Evolutionary space platform concept study. Volume 2, part B: Manned space platform concepts

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1982-01-01

Logical, cost-effective steps in the evolution of manned space platforms are investigated and assessed. Tasks included the analysis of requirements for a manned space platform, identifying alternative concepts, performing system analysis and definition of the concepts, comparing the concepts and performing programmatic analysis for a reference concept.

The Dominance Concept Inventory: A Tool for Assessing Undergraduate Student Alternative Conceptions about Dominance in Mendelian and Population Genetics.

PubMed

Abraham, Joel K; Perez, Kathryn E; Price, Rebecca M

2014-01-01

Despite the impact of genetics on daily life, biology undergraduates understand some key genetics concepts poorly. One concept requiring attention is dominance, which many students understand as a fixed property of an allele or trait and regularly conflate with frequency in a population or selective advantage. We present the Dominance Concept Inventory (DCI), an instrument to gather data on selected alternative conceptions about dominance. During development of the 16-item test, we used expert surveys (n = 12), student interviews (n = 42), and field tests (n = 1763) from introductory and advanced biology undergraduates at public and private, majority- and minority-serving, 2- and 4-yr institutions in the United States. In the final field test across all subject populations (n = 709), item difficulty ranged from 0.08 to 0.84 (0.51 ± 0.049 SEM), while item discrimination ranged from 0.11 to 0.82 (0.50 ± 0.048 SEM). Internal reliability (Cronbach's alpha) was 0.77, while test-retest reliability values were 0.74 (product moment correlation) and 0.77 (intraclass correlation). The prevalence of alternative conceptions in the field tests shows that introductory and advanced students retain confusion about dominance after instruction. All measures support the DCI as a useful instrument for measuring undergraduate biology student understanding and alternative conceptions about dominance. © 2014 J. K. Abraham et al. CBE—Life Sciences Education © 2014 The American Society for Cell Biology. This article is distributed by The American Society for Cell Biology under license from the author(s). It is available to the public under an Attribution–Noncommercial–Share Alike 3.0 Unported Creative Commons License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0).

INTRODUCTION: DESERTIFICATION AND SECURITY - PERSPECTIVES FOR THE MEDITERRANEAN REGION

EPA Science Inventory

This book focuses on two basic concepts: security and desertification in the Mediterranean Region and their linkages. It emerged from a single meeting of the "Workshop on Desertification in the Mediterranean Region. A Security Issue" held in Valencia, Spain on 2-5 December 2003...

FutureTox III: Bridges for Translation

EPA Science Inventory

The present document describes key discussion points and outcomes of a Society of Toxicology (SOT) Contemporary Concepts in Toxicology (CCT) Workshop, entitled FutureTox III1,2 that was held in Crystal City, Virginia, November 19-20, 2015. The workshop built on the many lessons l...

HRST architecture modeling and assessments

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Comstock, D.A.

1997-01-01

This paper presents work supporting the assessment of advanced concept options for the Highly Reusable Space Transportation (HRST) study. It describes the development of computer models as the basis for creating an integrated capability to evaluate the economic feasibility and sustainability of a variety of system architectures. It summarizes modeling capabilities for use on the HRST study to perform sensitivity analysis of alternative architectures (consisting of different combinations of highly reusable vehicles, launch assist systems, and alternative operations and support concepts) in terms of cost, schedule, performance, and demand. In addition, the identification and preliminary assessment of alternative market segmentsmore » for HRST applications, such as space manufacturing, space tourism, etc., is described. Finally, the development of an initial prototype model that can begin to be used for modeling alternative HRST concepts at the system level is presented. {copyright} {ital 1997 American Institute of Physics.}« less

Conceptions held by health professionals on violence against children and adolescents within the family.

PubMed

Nunes, Cristina Brandt; Sarti, Cynthia Andersen; Ohara, Conceição Vieira da Silva

2008-01-01

The present study sought to understand the conceptions held by health professionals with regards to violence within the family against children and adolescents. Qualitative case-study methodology and techniques of participant observation, interviewing, and search in documents were used. Participants were staffed in a government-run Family Health Basic Unit in Brazil. Health professionals were found to associate violence with the economic, social, and political juncture and with cultural aspects; for some, violent acts are part of the intergenerational cycle and family dynamics. Physical punishment, considered as violence by some, is advocated as an educational measure by others. Participants also base their definition of violence on an a priori construction of subjects as either victims or aggressors, thus missing the relational dimension of the phenomenon. Health professionals were found to have difficulty in understanding violence in the context that gives it a meaning and to recognize it as consequence of a complex relational dynamics.

Measuring real-time streamflow using emerging technologies: Radar, hydroacoustics, and the probability concept

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Fulton, John; Ostrowski, Joseph

2008-07-01

SummaryForecasting streamflow during extreme hydrologic events such as floods can be problematic. This is particularly true when flow is unsteady, and river forecasts rely on models that require uniform-flow rating curves to route water from one forecast point to another. As a result, alternative methods for measuring streamflow are needed to properly route flood waves and account for inertial and pressure forces in natural channels dominated by nonuniform-flow conditions such as mild water surface slopes, backwater, tributary inflows, and reservoir operations. The objective of the demonstration was to use emerging technologies to measure instantaneous streamflow in open channels at two existing US Geological Survey streamflow-gaging stations in Pennsylvania. Surface-water and instream-point velocities were measured using hand-held radar and hydroacoustics. Streamflow was computed using the probability concept, which requires velocity data from a single vertical containing the maximum instream velocity. The percent difference in streamflow at the Susquehanna River at Bloomsburg, PA ranged from 0% to 8% with an average difference of 4% and standard deviation of 8.81 m 3/s. The percent difference in streamflow at Chartiers Creek at Carnegie, PA ranged from 0% to 11% with an average difference of 5% and standard deviation of 0.28 m 3/s. New generation equipment is being tested and developed to advance the use of radar-derived surface-water velocity and instantaneous streamflow to facilitate the collection and transmission of real-time streamflow that can be used to parameterize hydraulic routing models.

Measuring real-time streamflow using emerging technologies: Radar, hydroacoustics, and the probability concept

USGS Publications Warehouse

Fulton, J.; Ostrowski, J.

2008-01-01

Forecasting streamflow during extreme hydrologic events such as floods can be problematic. This is particularly true when flow is unsteady, and river forecasts rely on models that require uniform-flow rating curves to route water from one forecast point to another. As a result, alternative methods for measuring streamflow are needed to properly route flood waves and account for inertial and pressure forces in natural channels dominated by nonuniform-flow conditions such as mild water surface slopes, backwater, tributary inflows, and reservoir operations. The objective of the demonstration was to use emerging technologies to measure instantaneous streamflow in open channels at two existing US Geological Survey streamflow-gaging stations in Pennsylvania. Surface-water and instream-point velocities were measured using hand-held radar and hydroacoustics. Streamflow was computed using the probability concept, which requires velocity data from a single vertical containing the maximum instream velocity. The percent difference in streamflow at the Susquehanna River at Bloomsburg, PA ranged from 0% to 8% with an average difference of 4% and standard deviation of 8.81 m3/s. The percent difference in streamflow at Chartiers Creek at Carnegie, PA ranged from 0% to 11% with an average difference of 5% and standard deviation of 0.28 m3/s. New generation equipment is being tested and developed to advance the use of radar-derived surface-water velocity and instantaneous streamflow to facilitate the collection and transmission of real-time streamflow that can be used to parameterize hydraulic routing models.

Health and social inequities in Belgium.

PubMed

Lagasse, R; Humblet, P C; Lenaerts, A; Godin, I; Moens, G F

1990-01-01

This paper presents two different yet complementary on-going studies related to the understanding of the mechanisms leading to social inequalities in health. The first part is devoted to a differential morbidity survey held in southern Belgium. It confirms that striking differences exist in the period around birth between social categories, and between the three districts under study. In a multivariate approach, differences remain between the social categories and between the district samples, which classically studied socio-demographical, behavioural and medical characteristics cannot fully explain. The role of cultural factors is analysed and discussed through the concept of 'health culture' and alternative hypotheses are reviewed in the light of the results. The second part reviews the studies conducted on the so-called avoidable mortality in the EEC and more specifically in Belgium. The concept of avoidable mortality is discussed, as well as its utility from the standpoint of the present concern on social inequalities. Differences between EEC countries are large, and even within Belgium there are important disparities between the districts. The role of health care supply has not been demonstrated yet in these two contexts. For Belgium, it appears that a major part of the unequally distributed mortality is constituted by causes of death considered as avoidable. Moreover, the most discriminating causes of death are overrepresented in socially deprived districts. The two perspectives are confronted in order to delineate perspectives for future research and operational outcomes for policy making and interventions.

Problem solving based learning model with multiple representations to improve student's mental modelling ability on physics

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Haili, Hasnawati; Maknun, Johar; Siahaan, Parsaoran

2017-08-01

Physics is a lessons that related to students' daily experience. Therefore, before the students studying in class formally, actually they have already have a visualization and prior knowledge about natural phenomenon and could wide it themselves. The learning process in class should be aimed to detect, process, construct, and use students' mental model. So, students' mental model agree with and builds in the right concept. The previous study held in MAN 1 Muna informs that in learning process the teacher did not pay attention students' mental model. As a consequence, the learning process has not tried to build students' mental modelling ability (MMA). The purpose of this study is to describe the improvement of students' MMA as a effect of problem solving based learning model with multiple representations approach. This study is pre experimental design with one group pre post. It is conducted in XI IPA MAN 1 Muna 2016/2017. Data collection uses problem solving test concept the kinetic theory of gasses and interview to get students' MMA. The result of this study is clarification students' MMA which is categorized in 3 category; High Mental Modelling Ability (H-MMA) for 7

Ethical issues in the search for repressed memories.

PubMed

Merskey, H

1996-01-01

Currently, concepts of repression and dissociation are in flux. It has been pointed out that there is no scientific evidence for the occurrence of repression and that the whole notion is anecdotal. Dissociation, which is offered as an alternative to repression, cannot logically be held to operate without a motive force, as Freud argued, or a weakness of the organism, as Janet proposed. The concepts have been applied particularly to the idea that early childhood experience could be repressed but recovered many years later. This claim is at variance with established knowledge concerning human memory. Practices of subtle and overt suggestion, employed in recovered-memory treatments, give rise to a false-memory syndrome in which individuals, who have undergone various levels of suggestion, accuse their parents and others of childhood sexual abuse. The common phenomenon of childhood sexual abuse is contaminated by many cases that may be regarded on strong grounds as being false and have been retracted in more than 1,000 instances. Repressed-memory (RM) treatment is also at variance with traditional psychotherapy, which does not encourage confrontation on the basis of uncorroborated information; moreover, many cases of RM therapy seem to result in deterioration. Unlike traditional psychotherapy, some RM practitioners strongly encourage patients to hate individuals in their family circle. The consequences of these developments, the need for informed consent, and the development of legislative initiatives to challenge RM therapy are noted. The impact of these therapies and proposed legislation upon regular psychotherapy and psychiatry is outlined.

Thai Grade 10 and 11 Students' Understanding of Stoichiometry and Related Concepts

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Dahsah, Chanyah; Coll, Richard Kevin

2008-01-01

The research reported in this case study explores the understanding of stoichiometry and related concepts of Thai science students in grades 10 and 11 after major national curriculum reforms. Students' conceptions and alternative conceptions were investigated using a questionnaire--the "Stoichiometry Concept Questionnaire" (SCQ) (N =…

Science teacher’s idea about environmental concepts in science learning as the first step of science teacher training

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tapilouw, M. C.; Firman, H.; Redjeki, S.; Chandra, D. T.

2018-05-01

To refresh natural environmental concepts in science, science teacher have to attend a teacher training. In teacher training, all participant can have a good sharing and discussion with other science teacher. This study is the first step of science teacher training program held by education foundation in Bandung and attended by 20 science teacher from 18 Junior High School. The major aim of this study is gathering science teacher’s idea of environmental concepts. The core of questions used in this study are basic competencies linked with environmental concepts, environmental concepts that difficult to explain, the action to overcome difficulties and references in teaching environmental concepts. There are four major findings in this study. First finding, most environmental concepts are taught in 7th grade. Second finding, most difficult environmental concepts are found in 7th grade. Third finding, there are five actions to overcome difficulties. Fourth finding, science teacher use at least four references in mastering environmental concepts. After all, teacher training can be a solution to reduce difficulties in teaching environmental concepts.

Screening analysis and selection of emission reduction concepts for intermittent combustion aircraft engines

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Rezy, B. J.; Meyers, J. E.; Tucker, J. R.; Stuckas, S. J.

1976-01-01

An analysis was conducted to screen, evaluate, and select three engine exhaust emission reduction concepts from a group of 14 candidate alternatives. A comprehensive literature search was conducted to survey the emission reduction technology state-of-the-art and establish contact with firms working on intermittent combustion engine development and pollution reduction problems. Concept development, advantages, disadvantages, and expected emission reduction responses are stated. A set of cost effectiveness criteria was developed, appraised for relative importance, and traded off against each concept so that its merit could be determined. A decision model was used to aid the evaluators in managing the criteria, making consistent judgements, calculating merit scores, and ranking the concepts. An Improved Fuel Injection System, Improved Cooling Combustion Chamber, and a Variable Timing Ignition System were recommended to NASA for approval and further concept development. An alternate concept, Air Injection, was also recommended.

Environmental Attitudes, Knowledge, and Alternative Conceptions of Primary School Children in Greece

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Malandrakis, Georgios; Chatzakis, Stergios

2014-01-01

In this study the environmental attitudes, knowledge, and alternative conceptions of 281 primary school children from 5th and 6th grade, ages 10-12 years were explored. Low knowledge scores, indicate a substantial lack of knowledge on basic environmental issues, while attitude scores were relatively high. Children's environmental attitudes and…

Assessment of Students' Scientific and Alternative Conceptions of Energy and Momentum Using Concentration Analysis

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Dega, Bekele Gashe; Govender, Nadaraj

2016-01-01

This study compares the scientific and alternative conceptions of energy and momentum of university first-year science students in Ethiopia and the US. Written data were collected using the Energy and Momentum Conceptual Survey developed by Singh and Rosengrant. The Concentration Analysis statistical method was used for analysing the Ethiopian…

Understanding the Alternative Conceptions of Pre-Service Secondary Science Teachers about Tidal Phenomena Based on Toulmin's Argumentation

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Oh, Jun-Young

2014-01-01

Constructing explanations and participating in argumentative discourse are seen as essential practices of scientific inquiry. The objective of this study was to explore the elements and origins of pre-service secondary science teachers' alternative conceptions of tidal phenomena based on the elements used in Toulmin's Argument Model through…

Students' Thinking and Alternative Conceptions of Transport Systems in Plants: A Follow-Up Study

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wang, Jing-Ru

2007-01-01

The purpose of the study was to explore students' alternative conceptions and their associative thinking regarding internal transport in plants through administration of a refined diagnostic test. Questions of associative thinking and explanation were added to form a third tier of the previous two-tier test. The study found three terms related to…

Utilizing Concrete Manipulatives in Contextually Distinct Situations to Assess Middle School Students' Meanings of Force

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ozdemir, Gokhan

2017-01-01

Students' alternative conceptions of force are one of the most studied topics, important for both science assessment and instruction. Previous studies often described students' alternative conceptions of force with a small number of well-known frameworks by utilizing interviews and paper-pencil tests in their assessments. This study aims to…

European Conference on Organized Thin Films (4th) Held in Bangor on September 10 - 12, 1992

DTIC Science & Technology

1992-09-12

Blodgett films from discotic liquid-crystalline compounds . V.V.Tsukruk, J.H. Wendorff, O.Karthaus, and H.Ringsdorf (Germany/Ukraine) DP2 Alternate...backbone and yield two different domain shapes observ, j in the LE/LC phase coexistence range: one compound exhibits a mostly hexagonal sh:.pe, since...No.: 91113 464.1- films with predetermined alternation of three or more;. /4/ Y. Lvov, 0. Decher arnd H. Mbhwald different compounds in a ABAB...CDCD

Variation in Teachers' Conceptions of Alternative Assessment in Singapore Primary Schools

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Tan, Kelvin H. K.

2013-01-01

Alternative assessment is an increasingly common and popular discourse in education. The potential value and benefit of alternative assessment practices are premised on significant changes in assessment practices. Many alternative assessment practices seek and promise alternatives to tests and examinations. However, labelling a practice as…

Selection of alternative central-station technologies for the Satellite Power System (SPS) comparative assessment

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Samsa, M.

1980-01-01

An important effort is the Satellite Power System (SPS) comparative Assessment is the selection and characterization of alternative technologies to be compared with the SPS concept. The ground rules, criteria, and screening procedure applied in the selection of those alternative technologies are summarized. The final set of central station alternatives selected for comparison with the SPS concept includes: (1) light water reactor with improved fuel utilization, (2) conventional coal combustion with improved environmental controls, (3) open cycle gas turbine with integral low Btu gasifier, (4) terrestrial photovoltaic, (5) liquid metal fast breeder reactor, and (6) magnetic confinement fusion.

Girls Like Engines Too!

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Brown, Eleese V.

1975-01-01

A student teacher introduced his elementary school students, both boys and girls, to a subject generally held to be a male province. Students drew their own conceptions of automobile engines and their accompanying parts and learned that anything can be interesting and hold their attention if introduced well. (Author/RK)

78 FR 32010 - Pipeline Safety: Public Workshop on Integrity Verification Process

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-05-28

.... PHMSA-2013-0119] Pipeline Safety: Public Workshop on Integrity Verification Process AGENCY: Pipeline and... announcing a public workshop to be held on the concept of ``Integrity Verification Process.'' The Integrity Verification Process shares similar characteristics with fitness for service processes. At this workshop, the...

Social Motives for Writing Psychology: Writing for and with Younger Readers.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Vipond, Douglas

1993-01-01

Describes a cooperative writing project involving a college-level psychology class and a ninth-grade English class. Discusses different concepts of psychology held by the two student groups. Concludes with suggestions for improving writing skills and helping students become more authoritative writers. (CFR)

Introduction

Treesearch

Sheila E. Ward; David Boshier; James Grogan

2008-01-01

This special issue of Forest Ecology and Management addresses management issues for the tropical timber species of the Meliaceae. The concept for this issue originated from a technical session entitled ..Sustainable management of highvalue timber species of the Meliaceae: a global perspective.., held at the 2005 World Congress of the International Union of Forest...

Merging Two Futures Concepts: Issues Management and Policy Impact Analysis.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Renfro, William L.; Morrison, James L.

1982-01-01

Describes a workshop held during the 1982 World Future Society's Fourth General Assembly on the combined application of issues management and policy impact analysis. The workshop participants applied futures research, forecasting, goal-setting, and policy development techniques to future problems in educational policy. (AM)

Informed Consent in Social Work.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Reamer, Frederic G.

1987-01-01

Traces the evolution of the concept of informed consent and discusses its implications for social work practice. Devotes particular attention to legal statutes and case law with which social workers need to be acquainted to protect client rights and to avoid being held liable for malpractice or negligence. (Author/ABL)

The Ivory Tower Revisited

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Chantler, Abigail

2016-01-01

The corollary of the concept of the "ivory tower", as reflected in the writings of Plato and Newman amongst others, was, paradoxically, the vital importance of the university for wider society. Nevertheless from the mid-twentieth century, the esteem in which a "liberal" university education was held was diminished by rising…

Determining the Exchangeability of Concept Map and Problem-Solving Essay Scores

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hollenbeck, Keith; Twyman, Todd; Tindal, Gerald

2006-01-01

This study investigated the score exchangeability of concept maps with problem-solving essays. Of interest was whether sixth-grade students' concept maps predicted their scores on essay responses that used concept map content. Concept maps were hypothesized to be alternatives to performance assessments for content-area domain knowledge in science.…

Suggested Perspectives in Counseling the American Indian Client.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Paisano-Suazo, Aleta

The standard western theoretical approach to mental health counseling is not applicable to the views held by Native American clients. Consideration must be given to their unique differences, if the therapist is to provide maximum effectiveness. Several perspectives offer alternative counseling procedures. For instance, Indians place great…

Oxygen - Enemy or Friend for Microbial Fuel Cell Anode Performance?

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Until recently, scientists and engineers have held a strong belief that oxygen intrusion into the anode chamber of a bioelectrochemical system (BES) is detrimental to microbial fuel cell (MFC) performance because oxygen acts as an alternate electron acceptor. This would, according to recent beliefs...

Effect of Overhydration on Time-Trial Swim Performance.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Maresh, Carl M.; Bergeron, Michael E.; Kenefick, Robert W.; Castellani, John W.; Hoffman, Jay R.; Armstrong, Lawrence E.

2001-01-01

Examined whether moderate overhydration would enhance the performance of otherwise euhydrated collegiate swimmers during two 183-meter time-trial swims held 3 days apart. Participants swam in alternate, randomized euhydrated, and overhydrated states. Results indicated that euhydration before an intense, short-duration swim was adequate for peak…

Mini-Shifts: An Alternative to Overtime

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Werther, William B., Jr.

1976-01-01

Widely held misconceptions about the dependability, availability, and ability of part-time manpower have prevented this reservoir of potential employees from realizing its full capabilities. These misconceptions are explored, the advantages to using part-time personnel are discussed, and a variety of possible schedule variations are described.…

Thermal Barrier Coatings. Abstracts and figures

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1985-01-01

The Thermal Barrier Coatings Workshop was held May 21 and 22, 1985, at the NASA Lewis Research Center in Cleveland, Ohio. Six sessions covered Failure Mechanisms and Life Modeling, Effects of Oxidation and Creep, Phase Stability and Microstructural Aspects, Nondestructive and Analytical Assessment, Coating Development, and Alternative Applications.

Generalization of Therapeutic Changes in Agoraphobia: The Role of Perceived Self-Efficacy.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Williams, S. Lloyd; And Others

1989-01-01

Investigated extent and mechanisms of therapeutic generalization across distinct areas of agoraphobic dysfunction among 27 severe agoraphobics. Analysis of possible cognitive mechanisms revealed that perceived self-efficacy accurately predicted treatment and transfer effects even when alternative factors were held constant. Agoraphobia appears to…

Understanding Early Elementary Children's Conceptual Knowledge of Plant Structure and Function through Drawings

PubMed Central

Ellis, Jane P.; Jones, Alan M.

2014-01-01

This study examined children's drawings to explain children's conceptual understanding of plant structure and function. The study explored whether the children's drawings accurately reflect their conceptual understanding about plants in a manner that can be interpreted by others. Drawing, survey, interview, and observational data were collected from 182 students in grades K and 1 in rural southeastern United States. Results demonstrated the children held a wide range of conceptions concerning plant structure and function. These young children held very simple ideas about plants with respect to both their structure and function. Consistent with the drawings, the interviews presented similar findings. PMID:25185222

Advanced Civilian Aeronautical Concepts

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Bushnell, Dennis M.

1996-01-01

Paper discusses alternatives to currently deployed systems which could provide revolutionary improvements in metrics applicable to civilian aeronautics. Specific missions addressed include subsonic transports, supersonic transports and personal aircraft. These alternative systems and concepts are enabled by recent and envisaged advancements in electronics, communications, computing and Designer Fluid Mechanics in conjunction with a design approach employing extensive synergistic interactions between propulsion, aerodynamics and structures.

Using Two-Tier Test to Identify Primary Students' Conceptual Understanding and Alternative Conceptions in Acid Base

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bayrak, Beyza Karadeniz

2013-01-01

The purpose of this study was to identify primary students' conceptual understanding and alternative conceptions in acid-base. For this reason, a 15 items two-tier multiple choice test administered 56 eighth grade students in spring semester 2009-2010. Data for this study were collected using a conceptual understanding scale prepared to include…

The Effectiveness of Conceptual Change Texts in Remediating High School Students' Alternative Conceptions Concerning Chemical Equilibrium

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ozmen, Haluk

2007-01-01

This study investigated the effectiveness of conceptual change texts in remediating high school students' alternative conceptions concerning chemical equilibrium. A quasi-experimental design was used in this study. The subjects for this study consisted of a total 78 tenth-grade students, 38 of them in the experimental group and 40 of them in the…

Confidence versus Performance as an Indicator of the Presence of Alternative Conceptions and Inadequate Problem-Solving Skills in Mechanics

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Potgieter, Marietjie; Malatje, Esther; Gaigher, Estelle; Venter, Elsie

2010-01-01

This study investigated the use of performance-confidence relationships to signal the presence of alternative conceptions and inadequate problem-solving skills in mechanics. A group of 33 students entering physics at a South African university participated in the project. The test instrument consisted of 20 items derived from existing standardised…

Introducing linear functions: an alternative statistical approach

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Nolan, Caroline; Herbert, Sandra

2015-12-01

The introduction of linear functions is the turning point where many students decide if mathematics is useful or not. This means the role of parameters and variables in linear functions could be considered to be `threshold concepts'. There is recognition that linear functions can be taught in context through the exploration of linear modelling examples, but this has its limitations. Currently, statistical data is easily attainable, and graphics or computer algebra system (CAS) calculators are common in many classrooms. The use of this technology provides ease of access to different representations of linear functions as well as the ability to fit a least-squares line for real-life data. This means these calculators could support a possible alternative approach to the introduction of linear functions. This study compares the results of an end-of-topic test for two classes of Australian middle secondary students at a regional school to determine if such an alternative approach is feasible. In this study, test questions were grouped by concept and subjected to concept by concept analysis of the means of test results of the two classes. This analysis revealed that the students following the alternative approach demonstrated greater competence with non-standard questions.

Depression and Self-Concept: Personality Traits or Coping Styles in Reaction to School Retention of Hispanic Adolescents

PubMed Central

Robles-Piña, Rebecca A.

2011-01-01

The purpose of this study was to investigate whether depression and self-concept could be construed as personality characteristics and/or coping styles in reaction to school retention or being held back a grade. The participants in this study were 156 urban Hispanic adolescents, ages 12–18, and of these, 51 or 33% had been retained in school. Students who had been retained reported a lower self-concept score, higher GPA, and higher rates of depression, and they were more likely to be male than students who had not been retained. The findings of this study indicated that self-concept was a personality characteristic that, due to its malleability, is also a coping style in regards to retention with this Hispanic adolescent population. PMID:21738867

The Use of Paradoxes as an Instructional Strategy.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Rastovac, John J.; Slavsky, David B.

1986-01-01

Describes a study in which paradoxes about seasons, hemispheres, and altitude were used to teach concepts in climatology. The misconceptions commonly held about the earth-sun distance relationship were used as an instructional strategy with an experimental group, which outgained the control group on an achievement test. (TW)

The Relationship between Personal Belief and Inspection Judgements

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Shepherd, Peter

2010-01-01

Anglican school inspectors will usually be Christian. Is it possible that their beliefs might compromise their inspection judgements? Neutrality is impossible when holding opinions or making judgements about matters of signal importance. Religious beliefs are strongly held. Using the concept of "ordinary theology" I argue that religious beliefs…

Obstacle or Opportunity? Digital Thresholds in Professional Development

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

McGowan, Susannah

2012-01-01

Using the Threshold Concepts Framework, I explore places where faculty frequently get stuck when attempting to adopt new technologies. They may be held back by preconceptions that technology is superfluous to traditional teaching methods or believe that they must understand the technology perfectly before introducing it into their teaching.…

Advancing Resource Efficiency in the Supply Chain - Observations and Opportunities for Action

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

This document provides U.S. EPA’s perspectives on the discussions at the G7 Alliance on Resource Efficiency U.S.-hosted Workshop on the Use of Life Cycle Concepts in Supply Chain Management to Achieve Resource Efficiency that was held March 22-23, 2016.

Measurement Variation and the Factors Influencing the UV Index

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Downs, Nathan; Parisi, Alfio; McDonnell, Brendan; Thornton, Peter

2008-01-01

The article presents a technique to measure the ultraviolet index using a personal hand-held ultraviolet meter to illustrate concepts of physics. Measurements of the erythemally effective (sun-burning) direct solar beam, diffuse skylight, and total global ultraviolet irradiance are converted to daily ultraviolet index measurements. Daily…

Goals, the Learner, and the Language Arts.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ediger, Marlow

Teachers, principals, and supervisors need to determine the kinds of learners being taught in the school/class setting. Are pupils good by nature, bad, or neutral? Concepts held pertaining to each pupil assist in determining objectives, learning activities, and evaluation techniques. The Puritans believed that individuals were born evil or sinful.…

Inviting Research: Paradigms and Projects for a Theory of Educational Practice.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Novak, John M.

Research projects needed in invitational education will vary according to the concept of invitational education held. Three paradigms for invitational education are presented, with research projects suggested for each. First, for those who see invitational education as an "integrative setting," it is suggested that the development of…

Counsellors' Attitudes towards Disability Equality Training (DET)

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Parkinson, Gill

2006-01-01

This paper explores the attitudes and conceptions held by trainee and practising counsellors towards people with disabilities. Awareness of counsellors' own views of disability and impairment can complicate the counsellor-client relationship when the latter is seen primarily from a deficiency model perspective or self-defined model of disability,…

One Output Function: A Misconception of Students Studying Digital Systems--A Case Study

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Trotskovsky, E.; Sabag, N.

2015-01-01

Background: Learning processes are usually characterized by students' misunderstandings and misconceptions. Engineering educators intend to help their students overcome their misconceptions and achieve correct understanding of the concept. This paper describes a misconception in digital systems held by many students who believe that combinational…

Using Structured Examples and Prompting Reflective Questions to Correct Misconceptions about Thermodynamic Concepts

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Olakanmi, E. O.; Doyoyo, M.

2014-01-01

This paper explores the effectiveness of using "structured examples in concert with prompting reflective questions" to address misconceptions held by mechanical engineering students about thermodynamic principles by employing pre-test and post-test design, a structured questionnaire, lecture room observation, and participants'…

Language Teacher Cognition: Tracing the Conceptualizations of Second Language Teachers

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Childs, Sharon S.

2011-01-01

Long before deciding to become second language (L2) teachers, novice teachers have subconsciously developed conceptions of teaching cultivated by their experiences as learners in both general and language education classrooms. This "apprenticeship of observation" (Lortie, 1975) can foster deeply held beliefs about teaching that are carried with…

Writing Reconsidered: Redefining Composition Scholarship in the Corporate University

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Latta, Susan

2004-01-01

Compositionists are, and have been, dedicated to many of the recommendations proposed in Ernest Boyer's "Scholarship Reconsidered." His concepts of application, integration, and teaching, as well as the traditional definition of research as discovery, are perspectives and practices that compositionists have held for some time. Boyer makes good…

Views of Chinese Psychologists toward Intelligence

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Yan, Gonggu; Saklofske, Donald H.; Oakland, Thomas

2009-01-01

The concepts of intelligence and methods to assess it constitute important contributions to psychology and have had a profound impact on school psychology practice. While the perspectives and practices of North American and European psychologists toward the construct and assessment of intelligence generally are well known, the views held by…

Peeling the Onion: Student Teacher's Conceptions of Literary Understanding.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Carlsson, Maj Asplund; Fulop, Marta; Marton, Ference

2001-01-01

Studied the theories student teachers held about literary understanding through interviews with 25 Hungarian and 8 Swedish student teachers. Categories of theories captured a substantial portion of the variation in how literary understanding can be seen. Three central aspects of human understanding, variation, discernment, and simultaneity, could…

Student Teacher Understanding of the Greenhouse Effect, Ozone Layer Depletion, and Acid Rain.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Dove, Jane

1996-01-01

Describes the results of a survey designed to ascertain details of student teachers' knowledge and misconceptions about the greenhouse effect, acid rain, and ozone layer depletion. Results indicate familiarity with the issues but little understanding of the concepts involved and many commonly held misconceptions. (JRH)

Equivalence and Relational Thinking: Opportunities for Professional Learning

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Vale, Colleen

2013-01-01

Colleen Vale makes the case for professional learning teams collaborating together to improve their teaching and hence children's achievement. In this article she describes how this may be done. Along the way the teachers explored the idea of equivalence and the common conceptions and misconceptions held by children in their classes.

Technological Augmentation of Human Cognition: An Interdisciplinary Review.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC.

A series of five interdisciplinary conferences held over a two-year period explored new teaching and training concepts and methodologies which offer powerful, symbiotic means of augmenting human cognition. The basic discussion points of the conferences are summarized. It was felt that the conferences were significant in that they brought together…

A Mother's Humiliation: School Organizational Violence toward Latina Mothers

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Monzo, Lilia D.

2013-01-01

This paper examines how Latina mothers experience violence in schools through everyday interactions with those positioned with greater power in our society. Drawing on Bourdieu's concept of symbolic violence, the article discusses how deficit perspectives held toward Latina mothers and the privileging of White, middle-class frames result in…

Every Kid a Winner: Accountability in Education.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lessinger, Leon M.

One of the originators of performance contracting explains how school districts can use that concept to attack difficult educational problems and meet the increasing demand that schools be held accountable for their educational product. The author argues that what he calls "educational engineering" will guarantee a basic level of achievement in…

Secondary Students' Interpretations of Photosynthesis and Plant Nutrition.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ozay, Esra; Oztas, Haydar

2003-01-01

Studies misconceptions held by grade 9 students (14-15-years old) in Turkey about photosynthesis and plant nutrition. Uses a questionnaire to test students' conceptions and reports conflicting and often incorrect ideas about photosynthesis, respiration, and energy flow in plants. Suggests that there are difficulties in changing students' prior…

Sharing Ideas. Southeast Alaska Cultures: Teaching Ideas and Resource Information.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hinckley, Kay, Comp.; Kleinert, Jean, Comp.

The product of two 1975 workshops held in Southeastern Alaska (Fairbanks and Sitka), this publication presents the following: (1) papers (written by the educators in attendance at the workshops) which address education methods and concepts relevant to the culture of Southeastern Alaska ("Tlingit Sea Lion Parable"; "Using Local…

Teaching American Indian History: An Interdisciplinary Approach. (A Curriculum Guide).

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Vantine, Larry

Utilizing an interdisciplinary approach, anthropological and historical, this curriculum guide provides activities and instructional objectives which are "value-oriented". Emphasis is on Indian values, their cultural relativity, and their comparison with Euro-American concepts. An inventory of the values held by both groups allows the student to…

Proceedings of the DOE chemical energy storage and hydrogen energy systems contracts review

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Not Available

Sessions were held on electrolysis-based hydrogen storage systems, hydrogen production, hydrogen storage systems, hydrogen storage materials, end-use applications and system studies, chemical heat pump/chemical energy storage systems, systems studies and assessment, thermochemical hydrogen production cycles, advanced production concepts, and containment materials. (LHK)

Children's Understanding of Human and Super-Natural Mind

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Makris, Nikos; Pnevmatikos, Dimitris

2007-01-01

Barrett, Richert, and Driesenga [Barrett, J. L., Richert, R. A., & Driesenga, A. (2001). "God's beliefs versus mother's: The development of nonhuman agents concepts." "Child Development," 72(1), 50-65] have suggested that children are able to conceptualize the representational properties held by certain super-natural entities, such as God, before…

The Role of Alternative Programming in College Radio.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Sauls, Samuel J.

College radio is quite often viewed as the true alternative to commercial radio. However, what is alternative radio and how does college radio factor into the ideal? To further understand this concept, this paper focuses on the role of alternative programming in college radio. Areas discussed include alternative radio as a non-mainstream form of…

Investigating Elementary Teachers' Conceptions of Animal Classification

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Burgoon, Jacob N.; Duran, Emilio

2012-01-01

Numerous studies have been conducted regarding alternative conceptions about animal diversity and classification, many of which have used a cross-age approach to investigate how students' conceptions change over time. None of these studies, however, have investigated teachers' conceptions of animal classification. This study was intended to…

Alternative divertor target concepts for next step fusion devices

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mazul, I. V.

2016-12-01

The operational conditions of a divertor target in the next steps of fusion devices are more severe in comparison with ITER. The current divertor designs and technologies have a limited application concerning these conditions, and so new design concepts/technologies are required. The main reasons which practically prevent the use of the traditional motionless solid divertor target are analyzed. We describe several alternative divertor target concepts in this paper. The comparative analysis of these concepts (including the advantages and the drawbacks) is made and the prospects for their practical implementation are prioritized. The concept of the swept divertor target with a liquid metal interlayer between the moving armour and motionless heat-sink is presented in more detail. The critical issues of this design are listed and outlined, and the possible experiments are presented.

Beyond the petroleum system

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Magoon, L.B.; Sanchez, R.M.O.

1995-12-01

The first joint AAPG/AMGP (Association of Mexican Petroleum Geologists) Hedberg Conference on {open_quotes}Geologic Aspects of Petroleum Systems{close_quotes} was held October 2-6, 1994, in Mexico City, Mexico. This research conference attracted nearly 150 geoscientists from 15 countries; 41 papers and 27 posters were presented. The opposite response occurred when the petroleum-system concept was presented more than 20 yr ago; it was largely overlooked. In the past decade, however, interest in this concept as an exploration tool has been growing rapidly. The research conference addressed the concept itself, its elements and processes, the tools and methods used to identify a petroleum system,more » and many case studies. We summarize responses by the participants to the following three questions: First, what is gained from using the petroleum-system concept? Second, in what new directions will the petroleum-system concept take us in the future? Third, has anything new come out of this research conference?« less

Building, using, and maximizing the impact of concept inventories in the biological sciences: report on a National Science Foundation sponsored conference on the construction of concept inventories in the biological sciences.

PubMed

Garvin-Doxas, Kathy; Klymkowsky, Michael; Elrod, Susan

2007-01-01

The meeting "Conceptual Assessment in the Biological Sciences" was held March 3-4, 2007, in Boulder, Colorado. Sponsored by the National Science Foundation and hosted by University of Colorado, Boulder's Biology Concept Inventory Team, the meeting drew together 21 participants from 13 institutions, all of whom had received National Science Foundation funding for biology education. Topics of interest included Introductory Biology, Genetics, Evolution, Ecology, and the Nature of Science. The goal of the meeting was to organize and leverage current efforts to develop concept inventories for each of these topics. These diagnostic tools are inspired by the success of the Force Concept Inventory, developed by the community of physics educators to identify student misconceptions about Newtonian mechanics. By working together, participants hope to lessen the risk that groups might develop competing rather than complementary inventories.

Parenting from before conception.

PubMed

Lane, Michelle; Robker, Rebecca L; Robertson, Sarah A

2014-08-15

At fertilization, the gametes endow the embryo with a genomic blueprint, the integrity of which is affected by the age and environmental exposures of both parents. Recent studies reveal that parental history and experiences also exert effects through epigenomic information not contained in the DNA sequence, including variations in sperm and oocyte cytosine methylation and chromatin patterning, noncoding RNAs, and mitochondria. Transgenerational epigenetic effects interact with conditions at conception to program the developmental trajectory of the embryo and fetus, ultimately affecting the lifetime health of the child. These insights compel us to revise generally held notions to accommodate the prospect that biological parenting commences well before birth, even prior to conception. Copyright © 2014, American Association for the Advancement of Science.

Healing, Mental Energy in the Physics Classroom: Energy Conceptions and Trust in Complementary and Alternative Medicine in Grade 10-12 Students

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Svedholm, Annika M.; Lindeman, Marjaana

2013-03-01

Lay conceptions of energy often conflict with scientific knowledge, hinder science learning and scientific literacy, and provide a basis for ungrounded beliefs. In a sample of Finnish upper secondary school students, energy was attributed with features of living and animate beings and thought of as a mental property. These ontologically confused conceptions (OCC) were associated with trust in complementary and alternative medicine (CAM), and independent of scientifically valid conceptions. Substance-based energy conceptions followed the correlational pattern of OCC, rather than scientific conceptions. OCC and CAM decreased both during the regular school physics curriculum and after a lesson targeted at the ontological confusions. OCC and CAM were slightly less common among students with high actively open-minded thinking, low trust in intuition and high need for cognition. The findings are discussed in relation to the goals of scientific education.

MFPG. The Role of Coatings in the Prevention of Mechanical Failures. Proceedings of the 23rd Meeting of the Mechanical Failures Prevention Group, Held at the National Bureau of Standards, Gaithersburg, Maryland on October 29-31, 1975

DTIC Science & Technology

1976-09-01

testing evaluation and production process development . This coated microspherical fuel particle has been successfully developed over a period of...this reliable concept began with attempts to blend ceramic (oxide or carbide) fuel powders into a graphite matrix in the early concepts of ROVER, HTGR ...lubricants. An ongoing program at the Naval Air Development Center is investigating how some parameters affect corro- sion between solid film

New Concepts for Far-Infrared and Submillimeter Space Astronomy

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Benford, Dominic J. (Editor); Leisawitz, David T. (Editor)

2004-01-01

The Second Workshop on New Concepts for Far-Infrared and Submillimeter Space Astronomy aimed to highlight the groundbreaking opportunities available for astronomical investigations in the far-infrared to submillimeter using advanced, space-based telescopes. Held at the University of Maryland on March 7-8, 2002, the Workshop was attended by 130 participants from 50 institutions, and represented scientists and engineers from many countries and with a wide variety of experience. The technical content featured 17 invited talks and 44 contributed posters, complemented by two sixperson panels to address questions of astronomy and technology.

Proceedings of the Mars Global Network Mission Workshop

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Sturms, Francis M., Jr. (Editor)

1990-01-01

A workshop on the Mars Global Network Mission held at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) on February 6 and 7, 1990, was attended by 68 people from JPL, National Aeronautics and Space Administration centers, universities, national laboratories, and industry. Three working sessions on science and exploration objectives, mission and system design concepts, and subsystem technology readiness each addressed three specific questions on implementation concepts for the mission. The workshop generated conclusions for each of the nine questions and also recommended several important science and engineering issues to be studied subsequent to the workshop.

75 FR 62845 - National Toxicology Program (NTP) Interagency Center for the Evaluation of Alternative...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-10-13

... Eye Injuries and Chemically Induced Allergic Contact Dermatitis (ACD) AGENCY: National Institute of... Potential for Chemically Induced Allergic Contact Dermatitis,'' are planned for January 19 and 20, 2011... for Chemically Induced Allergic Contact Dermatitis'' will be held on January 20, 2011. Sessions for...

Teacher Assistant Supports in Inclusive Schools: Research, Practices and Alternatives

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Giangreco, Michael F.

2013-01-01

In this article, I summarise the primary content included in a keynote address I delivered via videoconferencing in July 2012 at the national conference of the "Australian Association of Special Education", held jointly with the annual conference of the "Tasmanian Principals Association" in Hobart, Tasmania. The address focused…

Fuel-cycle greenhouse gas emissions impacts of alternative transportation fuels and advanced vehicle technologies.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1998-11-15

At an international conference on global warming, held in Kyoto, Japan, in December 1997, the United States committed to reduce its greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by 7% over its 1990 level by the year 2012. To help achieve that goal, transportation G...

Training for Nonviolent Action.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Olson, Theodore W.; Shivers, Lynne

The theory and practice of nonviolent action training as it exists to date are reviewed in this pamphlet. A response to a renewal of interest in alternative forms of social action, the pamphlet results specifically from an international seminar of experienced organizers and trainers held at Preston Patrick, Westmorland, England, June 27 - July 2,…

77 FR 5696 - Exceptions or Alternatives to Labeling Requirements for Products Held by the Strategic National...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-02-06

... products in the SNS that are approved, licensed, or cleared for marketing.\\2\\ Labels on investigational... the implementation of this rule, when investigational products were ultimately approved for marketing... that any statements concerning preemption can be justified under legal principles governing preemption...

Impressionistic Realism: The Europeans Focus the U.S. on Measurement

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Johnson, David S.

2009-01-01

At the Joint OECD/University of Maryland Conference on "Measuring Poverty, Income Inequality, and Social Exclusion: Lessons from Europe" (held in Paris, 2009), many of the conference papers focused on alternative measures of income, evaluating their impacts on inequality and poverty. The conference papers highlighted the impact of making…

Pedagogical Applications of Smartphone Integration in Teaching - Lecturers', Students' & Pupils' Perspectives

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Seifert, Tami

2014-01-01

As the disparity between educational standards and reality outside educational institutions is increasing, alternative learning infrastructure such as mobile technologies are becoming more common, and are challenging long held, traditional modes of teaching. Educators' attitudes toward wireless devices are mixed. Wireless devices are perceived by…

Reversed PREE under Multiple Schedules: Exploration of a Modulation Hypothesis

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Svartdal, Frode

2008-01-01

When reinforcer rates are manipulated in within-subjects designs, persistence in subsequent extinction trials is sometimes greater to the response alternative associated with the higher reinforcer rate ("reversed" partial reinforcement extinction effect, RPREE). The RPREE is often held to be a contradiction to the conventional PREE. To explore the…

AAC Interventions for Autism: A Research Summary

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Nunes, Debora R. P.

2008-01-01

Fifty-six studies from 1980 to 2007 involving the use of augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) by individuals with autism were reviewed. The majority of the studies used single-subject research designs and emphasized language production skills. Many investigations were held in artificial language learning settings, and a few involved…

On the Prevalence of Alternative Conceptions on Acid-Base Chemistry among Secondary Students: Insights from Cognitive and Confidence Measures

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hoe, Kai Yee; Subramaniam, R.

2016-01-01

This study presents an analysis of alternative conceptions (ACs) on acid--base chemistry harbored by grade 9 students in Singapore. The ACs were obtained by the development and validation of a 4-tier diagnostic instrument. It is among the very few studies in the science education literature that have focused on examining results based also on…

"The Hole in the Sky Causes Global Warming": A Case Study of Secondary School Students' Climate Change Alternative Conceptions

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Chang, Chew-Hung; Pascua, Liberty

2015-01-01

This study identified secondary school students' alternative conceptions (ACs) of climate change and their resistance to instruction. Using a case-based approach, a diagnostic test was administered to Secondary 3 male students in a pre-test and post-test. The ACs identified in the pre-test were on the causes of climate change, the natural…

The Existence of Alternative Framework in Students' Scientific Imagination on the Concept of Matter at Submicroscopic Level: Macro Imagination

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Abdullah, Nurdiana; Surif, Johari

2015-01-01

This study is conducted with the purpose of identifying the alternative framework contained in students' imagination on the concept of matter at submicroscopic level. Through the design of purposive sampling techniques, a total of 15 students are interviewed to obtain the data. Data from analysis document is utilized to strengthen the interview.…

Concept design and alternate arrangements of orbiter mid-deck habitability features

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Church, R. A.; Ciciora, J. A.; Porter, K. L.; Stevenson, G. E.

1976-01-01

The evaluations and recommendations for habitability features in the space shuttle orbiter mid-deck are summarized. The orbiter mission plans, the mid-deck dimensions and baseline arrangements along with crew compliments and typical activities were defined. Female and male anthropometric data based on zero-g operations were also defined. Evaluations of baseline and alternate feasible concepts provided several recommendations which are discussed.

Using a Multi-Tier Diagnostic Test to Explore the Nature of Students' Alternative Conceptions on Reaction Kinetics

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Yan, Yaw Kai; Subramaniam, R.

2018-01-01

This study focused on grade 12 students' understanding of reaction kinetics. A 4-tier diagnostic instrument was developed for this purpose and administered to 137 students in the main study. Findings showed that reaction kinetics is a difficult topic for these students, with a total of 25 alternative conceptions (ACs) being uncovered. Except for…

Artist's concept of Hadley-Apennine landing site with alternate traverses

NASA Image and Video Library

1971-06-01

S71-33432 (1 July 1971) --- These alternative traverses can be carried out on foot. They will be used if the Lunar Roving Vehicle (LRV) becomes inoperative. This artist's concept showing part of the Hadley Rille and several of the Apennine Mountains was excerpted from "On the Moon with Apollo 15: A Guidebook to the Hadley-Apennine Region," by Gene Simmons. Artwork by Jerry Elmore.

Alternative conceptions, memory, & mental models in physics education

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lee, Gyoungho; Shin, Jongho; Park, Jiyeon; Song, Sangho; Kim, Yeounsoo; Bao, Lei

2005-09-01

There are two somewhat independent research traditions, which converge to suggest a form of students' knowledge: alternative conceptions and mental models. However we have little literature that explains what they are different from each other and from memory. This study tried to describe these issues with some thoughts about how cognitive psychology and science education approaches can be best synthesized in order to approach these questions.

It's Time for a Conceptual Change.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hausfather, Samuel J.

1992-01-01

Conceptual change teaching is an instructional method that helps students modify, extend, or exchange their alternative conceptions for the appropriate scientific conceptions. Provides activities and a diagnostic test to apply the method to the concepts of heat and temperature. (MDH)

Children as scientists: Adding, connecting and elaborating ideas on the way to conceptual development

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Osmundson, Ellen

In this study, I explored how children develop and construct their ideas and alternative frameworks in science. Prior work in this area suggested that changes from alternative conceptions to understandings that more closely resemble scientists' models do not occur in a sequential, linear fashion, nor are they easily accomplished. By employing a constructivist framework grounded in dynamic systems to look at learning, alternative conceptions were viewed not as ideas that need to be "confronted and replaced" but rather as pieces of an intricate puzzle of understanding that when combined create a more complete, functional, continuous understanding of science. Specifically, the study examined students' understandings and conceptualizations of light as they studied it formally for eight weeks. Understandings were measured through interviews, student-generated concept maps, classroom interactions and by examining student work samples. The central questions guiding the investigation were: What were children's (ages 9 and 10) conceptions of light? Did children's ideas about light develop during their eight week study of it? If so, what was the nature of these changes? Results from the study indicated that children had numerous ideas about light before their formal study of it based on their experiences with the world. As children studied light, they learned about it in the dynamic, synergistic and interactive processes of adding new ideas, connecting ideas to one another and elaborating understandings to arrive at progressively more complex and scientific understandings of light. Alternative conceptions, served as both productive and non-productive resources for learning. Further, alternative conceptions and prior understandings did not disappear as children developed their ideas about light. Rather "old" ideas were used and reused to provide support the gradual process of cognitive development of children's ideas about light. Findings from this study can be used to provide science instruction that is both rich in content and rich in opportunities to experience the recursive and dynamic nature of science learning.

Symposium on Applied Mathematical Programming and Modeling (APMOD93) Held in Budapest, Hungary on January 6-8, 1993. Volume of Extended Abstracts

DTIC Science & Technology

1993-01-08

rectangular ones. Therefore, symmetrical equivalent solutions go by group of four and will have the same cost. Figuret. Our B&B method will not create, study ...If group members will agree in the ranking of a subset of the alternatives (the top set of one, two, three, four -_.., alternatives), what changes...T., Szillery A. Spreadsheet-Based Model Building and Multiple Criteria Group Decision Support 49 Black, J.A., Seyed-Mosseini, S.M. Traffic Models for

Alternating-polarity operation for complete regeneration of electrochemical deionization system

DOEpatents

Tran, Tri D.; Lenz, David J.

2002-01-01

An electrically regeneratable battery of electrochemical cells for capacitive deionization (including electrochemical purification) and regeneration of electrodes is operated at alternate polarities during consecutive cycles. By polarizing the cells, ions are removed from the electrolyte and are held in the electric double layers formed at the carbon aerogel surfaces of the electrodes. As the electrodes of each cell of the battery are saturated with the removed ions, the battery is regenerated electrically at a reversed polarity from that during the deionization step of the cycle, thus significantly minimizing secondary wastes.

Evolutionary Concepts for Decentralized Air Traffic Flow Management

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Adams, Milton; Kolitz, Stephan; Milner, Joseph; Odoni, Amedeo

1997-01-01

Alternative concepts for modifying the policies and procedures under which the air traffic flow management system operates are described, and an approach to the evaluation of those concepts is discussed. Here, air traffic flow management includes all activities related to the management of the flow of aircraft and related system resources from 'block to block.' The alternative concepts represent stages in the evolution from the current system, in which air traffic management decision making is largely centralized within the FAA, to a more decentralized approach wherein the airlines and other airspace users collaborate in air traffic management decision making with the FAA. The emphasis in the discussion is on a viable medium-term partially decentralized scenario representing a phase of this evolution that is consistent with the decision-making approaches embodied in proposed Free Flight concepts for air traffic management. System-level metrics for analyzing and evaluating the various alternatives are defined, and a simulation testbed developed to generate values for those metrics is described. The fundamental issue of modeling airline behavior in decentralized environments is also raised, and an example of such a model, which deals with the preservation of flight bank integrity in hub airports, is presented.

2nd Congress on applied synthetic biology in Europe (Málaga, Spain, November 2013).

PubMed

Vetter, Beatrice V; Pantidos, Nikolaos; Edmundson, Matthew

2014-05-25

The second meeting organised by the EFB on the advances of applied synthetic biology in Europe was held in Málaga, Spain in November 2013. The potential for the broad application of synthetic biology was reflected in the five sessions of this meeting: synthetic biology for healthcare applications, tools and technologies for synthetic biology, production of recombinant proteins, synthetic plant biology, and biofuels and other small molecules. Outcomes from the meeting were that synthetic biology offers methods for rapid development of new strains that will result in decreased production costs, sustainable chemical production and new medical applications. Additionally, it also introduced novel ways to produce sustainable energy and biofuels, to find new alternatives for bioremediation and resource recovery, and environmentally friendly foodstuff production. All the above-mentioned advances could enable biotechnology to solve some of the major problems of Society. However, while there are still limitations in terms of lacking tools, standardisation and suitable host organisms, this meeting has laid a foundation providing cutting-edge concepts and techniques to ultimately convert the potential of synthetic biology into practice. Copyright © 2014. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Fifth Graders' Learning About Simple Machines Through Engineering Design-Based Instruction Using LEGO™ Materials

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Marulcu, Ismail; Barnett, Mike

2013-10-01

This study is part of a 5-year National Science Foundation-funded project, Transforming Elementary Science Learning Through LEGO™ Engineering Design. In this study, we report on the successes and challenges of implementing an engineering design-based and LEGO™-oriented unit in an urban classroom setting and we focus on the impact of the unit on students' content understanding of simple machines. The LEGO™ engineering-based simple machines module, which was developed for fifth graders by our research team, was implemented in an urban school in a large city in the Northeastern region of the USA. Thirty-three fifth grade students participated in the study, and they showed significant growth in content understanding. We measured students' content knowledge by using identical paper tests and semistructured interviews before and after instruction. Our paired t test analysis results showed that students significantly improved their test and interview scores (t = -3.62, p < 0.001 for multiple-choice items and t = -9.06, p < 0.000 for the open-ended items in the test and t = -12.11, p < 0.000 for the items in interviews). We also identified several alternative conceptions that are held by students on simple machines.

An ERP study of passive creative conceptual expansion using a modified alternate uses task.

PubMed

Kröger, Sören; Rutter, Barbara; Hill, Holger; Windmann, Sabine; Hermann, Christiane; Abraham, Anna

2013-08-21

A novel ERP paradigm was employed to investigate conceptual expansion, a central component of creative thinking. Participants were presented with word pairs, consisting of everyday objects and uses for these objects, which had to be judged based on the two defining criteria of creative products: unusualness and appropriateness. Three subject-determined trial types resulted from this judgement: high unusual and low appropriate (nonsensical uses), low unusual and high appropriate (common uses), and high unusual and high appropriate (creative uses). Word pairs of the creative uses type are held to passively induce conceptual expansion. The N400 component was not specifically modulated by conceptual expansion but was, instead, generally responsive as a function of unusualness or novelty of the stimuli (nonsense=creative>common). Explorative analyses in a later time window (500-900 ms) revealed that ERP activity in this phase indexes appropriateness (nonsense>creative=common). In the discussion of these findings with reference to the literature on semantic cognition, both components are proposed as indexing processes relevant to conceptual expansion as they are selectively involved in the encoding and integration of a newly established semantic connection between two previously unrelated concepts. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Thermal power systems small power systems applications project. Decision analysis for evaluating and ranking small solar thermal power system technologies. Volume 1: A brief introduction to multiattribute decision analysis. [explanation of multiattribute decision analysis methods used in evaluating alternatives for small powered systems

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Feinberg, A.; Miles, R. F., Jr.

1978-01-01

The principal concepts of the Keeney and Raiffa approach to multiattribute decision analysis are described. Topics discussed include the concepts of decision alternatives, outcomes, objectives, attributes and their states, attribute utility functions, and the necessary independence properties for the attribute states to be aggregated into a numerical representation of the preferences of the decision maker for the outcomes and decision alternatives.

An Evaluation of Three Interdisciplinary Social Science Events outside of the College Classroom

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Knapp, Sarah; Merges, Renee

2017-01-01

This article describes three interdisciplinary events held outside of the classroom to examine social psychological concepts in the criminal justice system, with undergraduate students enrolled in criminal justice and psychology courses. These events can most accurately be described as using a synthetic interdisciplinary approach, in which the…

Distributive Leadership, Civic Engagement, and Deliberative Democracy as Vehicles for School Improvement

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Fusarelli, Lance D.; Kowalski, Theodore J.; Petersen, George J.

2011-01-01

Elements of directed autonomy were visible in public education long before the concept had been defined in the scholarly literature on organizational management. Most notably, states established common curricula and adequacy standards and then held local school boards accountable for compliance. Civic engagement, a liberty-based process through…

Self-Perception and Achievement of Black Urban 10th Graders.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Reglin, Gary

Explores the following five dimensions of self-perception held by black urban male 10th-grade students in North Carolina: (1) scholastic competence; (2) athletic competence; (3) physical appearance; (4) behavioral conduct; and (5) job competence. Investigates differences in these aspects of self-concept for 30 students scoring above and 30 scoring…

Reconceptualising Access in Education Policy: Method and Mindset

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Vongalis-Macrow, Athena

2010-01-01

Enhancing access to education and knowledge is a long-held principle enshrined in education policy. Access to education offers leverage for educational attainment and achievement, at the individual and social levels. In policy, the term equates with concepts of inclusion, social justice and equity. Over the last decades, as education policy has…

Community Readiness for Self-Managed School

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Rajbhandari, Mani Man Singh

2007-01-01

The concept of Self-managing schools involving local community members, teachers and parents with the formation of School Management Committee is gaining ground in Nepal after the world conference on education for all (WCEFA) held in Jomtien, Thailand in the year 1990. Transferring the management of public schools in the hand of willing community…

77 FR 15980 - Airworthiness Directives; Alpha Aviation Concept Limited (Type Certificate Previously Held by...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-03-19

[email protected]nz ; Internet: http://www.alphaaviation.co.nz . You may review copies of the referenced service... 7070; fax: 011 64 7843 8040; email: [email protected]nz ; Internet: http://www.alphaaviation.co.nz . You may review copies of the referenced service information at the FAA, Small Airplane...

77 FR 33622 - Airworthiness Directives; Alpha Aviation Concept Limited (Type Certificate Previously Held by...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-06-07

[email protected]nz ; Internet: http://www.alphaaviation.co.nz . You may review copies of the referenced service... 8040; email: [email protected]nz ; Internet: http://www.alphaaviation.co.nz . You may... 64 7 843 7070; fax: 011 64 7843 8040; email: [email protected]nz ; Internet: http...

FORUM - FutureTox II: In vitro Data and In Silico Models for Predictive Toxicology

EPA Science Inventory

FutureTox II, a Society of Toxicology Contemporary Concepts in Toxicology workshop, was held in January, 2014. The meeting goals were to review and discuss the state of the science in toxicology in the context of implementing the NRC 21st century vision of predicting in vivo resp...

Conference Proceedings of the Productivity Program Implementation Conference Held in Jacksonville, Florida on 20-22 May 1981.

DTIC Science & Technology

1981-05-01

first Quality Circle was registered with the Japanese Union of Scientists and Engineers (JUSE) in 1962. The concept was conceived by Dr. Kaoru ... Ishikawa , a professor of engineering at Tokyo University, and developed under the sponsorship of . JUSE. Quality Circles fuse the quality sciences

Exploring Parent Perceptions of the Food Environment in Youth Sport

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Thomas, Megan; Nelson, Toben F.; Harwood, Eileen; Neumark-Sztainer, Dianne

2012-01-01

Objective: To examine parent perceptions of the food environment in youth sport. Methods: Eight focus group discussions were held with parents (n = 60) of youth aged 6-13 years participating in basketball programs in Minnesota. Key themes and concepts were identified via transcript-based analysis. Results: Parents reported that youth commonly…

Interference and Diffraction.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ross, Marc H.

This monograph was written for the Conference on the New Instructional Materials in Physics, held at the University of Washington in summer, 1965. The measurement of very small distances and sizes, and the concept of models are discussed in the introduction. The optics of slits is dealt with in chapter 2. Chapter 3 presents the optics of holes.…

What's Wrong with a Little Social Darwinism (in Our Historiography)?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Versen, Christopher R.

2009-01-01

The simplest and most widely held definition of Social Darwinism is the application of concepts of biological evolution to social and moral development. More specifically, it is social evolution through "survival of the fittest" in a "struggle for existence" in which the strong prevail and the weak are defeated and disappear.…

Safety on Campus: Whose Responsibility?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Cloud, Robert C.

This paper is part of a collection of 54 papers from the 48th annual conference of the Education Law Association held in November 2002. It addresses postsecondary campus safety. It discusses the changes in the concept of in loco parentis on college campuses; the Crime Awareness and Campus Security Act of 1990; and legal principles applicable to…

From the Faculty Perspective: Defining, Earning, and Maintaining Legitimacy across Academia

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gonzales, Leslie D.; Terosky, Aimee LaPointe

2016-01-01

Background: Research shows that the academic profession is largely held together by cultural rules and norms imparted through various socialization processes, all of which are viewed as sensible ways to orient rising professionals. In this paper, a critical perspective is assumed, as we utilized the concept legitimacy and legitimation to better…

Conceptions and Expectations of Mentoring Relationships in a Teacher Education Reform Context

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Aderibigbe, Semiyu; Colucci-Gray, Laura; Gray, Donald S.

2016-01-01

Researchers indicate that prior experience and beliefs about learning and teaching held by practicing and pre-service teachers contribute significantly in shaping their mentoring relationships and, more broadly, their career outlook and aspirations. While mentoring is commonly seen as a form of support for pre-service teachers, mentoring can be…

A Degree Is Not Enough: A Quantitative Study of Aspects of Pre-Service Science Teachers' Chemistry Content Knowledge

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kind, Vanessa

2014-01-01

Aspects of chemistry content knowledge held by 265 UK-based pre-service teachers (PSTs) were probed using 28 diagnostic questions in five chemistry concept areas, "Particle theory and changes of state", "Mass conservation" (taught to 11-14-year-olds), and "Chemical bonding", "Mole calculations" and…

Sustainable Imaginaries: A Case Study of a Large Suburban Canadian University

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Vaughter, Philip; Alsop, Steve

2017-01-01

Purpose: This paper aims to explore the concept of sustainability imaginaries--unifying core assumptions on what sustainability entails held by stakeholders--set within a large suburban Canadian university. The study aims to expand the field of research into imaginaries by focusing on imaginaries within an institution as opposed to a societal or…

The Challenge of Changing Deeply Held Student Beliefs about the Relativity of Simultaneity.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Scherr, Rachel E.; Shaffer, Peter S.; Vokos, Stamatis

2002-01-01

Describes the development and assessment of instructional materials intended to improve student understanding of the concept of time in special relativity, the relativity of simultaneity, and the role of observers in inertial reference frames. Demonstrates the effect of the curriculum and illustrates the intense cognitive conflict as students are…

Placing the History and the Philosophy of Science on Teacher Education.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Cachapuz, Antonio F.; Paixao, Fatima

Recent research indicated that teachers conceive and orient their teaching depending (among others things) on their conceptions about both the nature of science and the construction of the scientific knowledge. This is an important educational issue because the image generally held by students sees science simply as a rhetoric of conclusions.…

Science and the Concept of Race.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Mead, Margaret, Ed.; And Others

The contents of this book, an outgrowth of a symposium held at the meetings of the American Association for the Advancement of Science in Washington on December 30, 1966, are organized in three sections. Section one, "Behavior-Genetic Analyses and Their Relevance to the Construct of Race," includes the following essays: "The Construct Race and the…

Taking on the Heat--A Narrative Account of How Infrared Cameras Invite Instant Inquiry

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Haglund, Jesper; Jeppsson, Fredrik; Schönborn, Konrad J.

2016-01-01

Integration of technology, social learning and scientific models offers pedagogical opportunities for science education. A particularly interesting area is thermal science, where students often struggle with abstract concepts, such as heat. In taking on this conceptual obstacle, we explore how hand-held infrared (IR) visualization technology can…

Transcendental Learning: The Educational Legacy of Alcott, Emerson, Fuller, Peabody and Thoreau

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Miller, John P.

2011-01-01

Transcendental Learning discusses the work of five figures associated with transcendentalism concerning their views on education. Alcott, Emerson, Fuller, Peabody and Thoreau all taught at one time and held definite views about education. The book explores these conceptions with chapters on each of the five individuals and then focuses the main…

Building Child Friendly Cities in the MENA Region

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Nour, Osman El Hassan N.

2013-01-01

The notion of Child Friendly Cities (CFCs) was first developed during the Second United Nations Conference on Human Settlements (HABITAT II), held in Istanbul in 1996. The concept is based on four general principles of the United Nations "Convention on the rights of the child": (1) fair treatment of every child, regardless of ethnicity,…

Educating Prospective Teachers of Biology: Introduction and Research Methods.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hewson, Peter W.; Tabachnick, B. Robert; Zeichner, Kenneth M.; Blomker, Kathryn B.; Meyer, Helen; Lemberger, John; Marion, Robin; Park, Hyun-Ju; Toolin, Regina

1999-01-01

Introduces an issue that details a complex study of a science-teacher-education program whose goal was to graduate teachers who held conceptual change conceptions of teaching science and were disposed to put them into practice. Presents a conceptual framework for science-teacher education, and describes the context and major questions of the…

Educating Prospective Teachers of Biology: Findings, Limitations, and Recommendations.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hewson, Peter W.; Tabachnick, B. Robert; Zeichner, Kenneth M.; Lemberger, John

1999-01-01

Summarizes a complex study of a science-teacher-education program whose goal was to graduate teachers who held conceptual change conceptions of teaching science and were disposed to put hem into practice. Concludes that there are influences on prospective teachers from their content coursework that have significant implications for how they view…

Three (Post-Secondary Agricultural Education and Training) Challenges and the Concept of "Workforce Education Systems"

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Rivera, William M.

2008-01-01

The Comprehensive Africa Agriculture Development Program (CAADP) of the Africa Union's New Partnership for Africa's Development (AU/NEPAD), the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI), in collaboration with the University of KwaZulu-Natal, held in January 2008, a conference on the subject of "Convergence between Social Service…

Dialogue on Modernity and Modern Education in Dispute

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Baker, Michael; Peters, Michael A.

2012-01-01

This is a dialogue or conversation between Michael Baker (MB) and Michael A. Peters (MP) on the concept of modernity and its significance for educational theory. The dialogue took place originally as a conversation about a symposium on modernity held at the American Educational Studies Association meeting 2010. It was later developed for…

"Bildung"--A Construction of a History of Philosophy of Education

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Horlacher, Rebekka

2004-01-01

The paper examines the "prehistory" in the 18th century of the theory of "Bildung". Pedagogical historiography commonly traces the theory back to the influence of Anthony Ashley Cooper, third Earl of Shaftesbury, who is held to be the founder of the concept of "innere Bildung", on the grounds that Shaftesbury's…

Seeking Aporia: Experiences with Teaching Social Justice in the Undergraduate Music Education Program

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Sears, Colleen

2016-01-01

Maxine Greene's (1995) concept of "wide awakeness" challenges educators to think outside routine and comfort. She asserts that morality in education depends upon educators' commitment to problematize transparent and oppressive norms by calling into question long held beliefs. Socrates referred to this process as aporia, a state of…

Saving Urban Children: Revisiting the Mission of Urban Education in 2017

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kotzin, Diana Slaughter

2017-01-01

This article begins with an introduction to the concept of urban education. Next, the author addresses the future challenge of long-term and developmental perspective in this field, as contrasted with perspectives held by prekindergarten and preschool professionals in early childhood education. Her hope is that this challenge will be addressed in…

Disadvantaged Children: Health, Nutrition and School Failure.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Birch, Herbert G.; Gussow, Joan Dye

This book examines the relationships between poverty, disadvantage, and educational failure in a way considered to be more comprehensive and complex than is possible when such an examination is based solely on a concept of cultural disadvantage and defective experience. The mortality of infants and their mothers around birth, held to be both the…

On Misconceptions about Behavior Analysis among University Students and Teachers

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Arntzen, Erik; Lokke, Jon; Lokke, Gunn; Eilertsen, Dag-Erik

2010-01-01

Students frequently show misconceptions regarding scientific psychology in general and basic concepts in behavior analysis in particular. We wanted to replicate the study by Lamal (1995) and to expand the study by including some additional statements. In the current study, the focus was on misconceptions about behavior analysis held by…

Interferometer for Space Station Windows

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hall, Gregory

2003-01-01

Inspection of space station windows for micrometeorite damage would be a difficult task insitu using current inspection techniques. Commercially available optical profilometers and inspection systems are relatively large, about the size of a desktop computer tower, and require a stable platform to inspect the test object. Also, many devices currently available are designed for a laboratory or controlled environments requiring external computer control. This paper presents an approach using a highly developed optical interferometer to inspect the windows from inside the space station itself using a self- contained hand held device. The interferometer would be capable as a minimum of detecting damage as small as one ten thousands of an inch in diameter and depth while interrogating a relatively large area. The current developmental state of this device is still in the proof of concept stage. The background section of this paper will discuss the current state of the art of profilometers as well as the desired configuration of the self-contained, hand held device. Then, a discussion of the developments and findings that will allow the configuration change with suggested approaches appearing in the proof of concept section.

Impact of Context and Representation on Year 10 Students' Expression of Conceptions of Rate

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Herbert, Sandra

2010-01-01

Rate is an important, but difficult mathematical concept. More than twenty years of research, especially with calculus students, report difficulties with this concept. This paper reports on an alternative analysis, from the perspective of multiple representations and context, of interviews probing twenty Victorian Year 10 students' conceptions of…

Domain-Specific Self-Concept in Relation to Traditional and Cyber Peer Aggression

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Toledano, Shanee; Werch, Brittany L.; Wiens, Brenda A.

2015-01-01

Individuals who aggress against others have been described both as having overall low self-concept and as having high, inflated self-concept. The conceptualization of self-concept as domain specific provides an alternate means to resolving this controversy. In this study, 223 middle school students completed self-report measures assessing…

Spacelab user implementation assessment study. Volume 1: Concept development and evaluation

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1975-01-01

The total matrix of alternate Spacelab processing concepts and the rejection rationale utilized to reduce the matrix of 243 alternates to the final candidate processing concepts are developed. The work breakdown structure used for the systematic estimation and compilation of integration and checkout resources is presented along with descriptors of each element. Program models are provided of the space transportation system, the Spacelab, the orbiter, and the ATL that were used as the basis for the study trades, analyses, and optimizations. Resource requirements for all processing concepts are summarized along with the optimizations of the processing concepts. Concept evaluations including flight-rate sensitivities of the GSE, facilities, Spacelab hardware elements, and personnel are delineated. An analysis is presented of the applicability of the candidate concepts to potential spacelab users. The impact of the use of the western test range as an orbiter/spacelab launch site on the candidate processing concepts is evaluated. An assessment of the geographical co-location of experiment, Spacelab, and orbiter-cargo integration is included. Ownership options of the support module/system igloo are discussed.

Central distractors in Force Concept Inventory data

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Scott, Terry F.; Schumayer, Dániel

2018-01-01

The Force Concept Inventory was designed to poll the Newtonian conception of force. While there are many in-depth studies analyzing response data that look at the structure of the correct answers, we believe that the incorrect answers also carry revealing information about the students' worldview. The inventory was originally designed so that the "distractors" in each question reflected commonly held misconceptions, and thus the rate at which students guess the correct answer is very low. Students select incorrect answers that correspond to the misconception that they hold and there are very few responses which appear obviously wrong to students. A side effect of this approach is that the incorrect responses reflect the non-Newtonian worldviews held by students. These non-Newtonian worldviews are coherent and robust, and this, at least in part, helps to explain why these misconceptions are so resistant to instruction. In this study we focus once more on the misconception data in Force Concept Inventory responses, particularly on the linkages between these misconceptions. We hypothesize that there are distinct groupings of distractor items formed by the strength of the association between these items. The two largest groupings are associated with the "impetus" world view in which the motion of an object is determined by the quantity of impetus which that object contains. We find that certain central items hold particularly important places in these groupings and also that individual groupings may be connected to each other by "connector" items. We finally suggest that, on the basis of this study, that these non-Newtonian worldviews might best be dismantled by addressing these key central and connector items.

Current Topics in Postnatal Behavioral Testing.

PubMed

Henck, Judith W; Elayan, Ikram; Vorhees, Charles; Fisher, J Edward; Morford, LaRonda L

2016-09-01

The study of developmental neurotoxicity (DNT) continues to be an important component of safety evaluation of candidate therapeutic agents and of industrial and environmental chemicals. Developmental neurotoxicity is considered to be an adverse change in the central and/or peripheral nervous system during development of an organism and has been primarily evaluated by studying functional outcomes, such as changes in behavior, neuropathology, neurochemistry, and/or neurophysiology. Neurobehavioral evaluations are a component of a wide range of toxicology studies in laboratory animal models, whereas neurochemistry and neurophysiology are less commonly employed. Although the primary focus of this article is on neurobehavioral evaluation in pre- and postnatal development and juvenile toxicology studies used in pharmaceutical development, concepts may also apply to adult nonclinical safety studies and Environmental Protection Agency/chemical assessments. This article summarizes the proceedings of a symposium held during the 2015 American College of Toxicology annual meeting and includes a discussion of the current status of DNT testing as well as potential issues and recommendations. Topics include the regulatory context for DNT testing; study design and interpretation; behavioral test selection, including a comparison of core learning and memory systems; age of testing; repeated testing of the same animals; use of alternative animal models; impact of findings; and extrapolation of animal results to humans. Integration of the regulatory experience and scientific concepts presented during this symposium, as well as from subsequent discussion and input, provides a synopsis of the current state of DNT testing in safety assessment, as well as a potential roadmap for future advancement. © The Author(s) 2016.

48 CFR 34.005-1 - Competition.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... between alternative major system concepts and sources, as long as it is economically beneficial and... officer should time solicitation issuance and contract award to maintain continuity of concept development during the transition from withdrawing concept proposer to new contractor. [48 FR 42351, Sept. 19, 1983...

Get the LED Out.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Jewett, John W., Jr.

1991-01-01

Describes science demonstrations with light-emitting diodes that include electrical concepts of resistance, direct and alternating current, sine wave versus square wave, series and parallel circuits, and Faraday's Law; optics concepts of real and virtual images, photoresistance, and optical communication; and modern physics concepts of spectral…

75 FR 20380 - Cape Cod National Seashore; South Wellfleet, Massachusetts; Cape Cod National Seashore Advisory...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-04-19

.... The purpose of the Commission is to consult with the Secretary of the Interior, or his designee, with... regular business meeting is being held to discuss the following: 1. Adoption of Agenda. 2. Approval of... Wind Turbines/Cell Towers Shorebird Management Highlands Center Update Alternate Transportation funding...

76 FR 81965 - Cape Cod National Seashore Advisory Commission; Cape Cod National Seashore, South Wellfleet, MA

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-12-29

... Law 105-280. The purpose of the Commission is to consult with the Secretary of the Interior, or his... regular business meeting is being held to discuss the following: 1. Adoption of Agenda 2. Approval of... Wind Turbines/Cell Towers Shorebird Management Planning Highlands Center Update Alternate...

First Montreal Workshop on Videotex Technology. Document de travail #112.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ball, A.; And Others

This report presents eight papers prepared for a workshop held in June 1980, which was planned to exchange ideas and experiences about, and arrive at a better understanding of, the technological issues that have an impact on videotex systems and their use. Papers emphasize alternative architectures for present and future videotex systems; database…

Automation System Marketplace 2008: Opportunity out of Turmoil

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Breeding, Marshall

2008-01-01

This article describes the opportunities out of the 2007 turmoil precipitated by the dramatic shifts that redefined the industry in 2006. The turmoil made companies that avoided major business transitions more attractive and sparked explosive interest in open source alternatives. Some companies held a steady course and benefited from the fallout.…

The Energy Crisis in the Public Schools; Alternative Solutions.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Grossbach, Wilmar; Shaffer, William

One hundred and eighty school personnel held a workshop with representatives of the petroleum, natural gas, and electrical power industries. The objectives of the workshop were (1) to provide participants with a common body of knowledge and a common understanding of the energy crisis and its implications for the public schools, (2) to delineate…

76 FR 50221 - International Workshop on Alternative Methods for Human and Veterinary Rabies Vaccine Testing...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-08-12

... available space. Abstracts for scientific posters for display at the workshop are also invited (see... submission of poster abstracts is September 16, 2011. ADDRESSES: The workshop will be held at the Center for... scientific posters to be displayed during this workshop. Posters should address current research, development...

NUC Symposium on Environmental Preservation, 20-21 May 1970.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Naval Undersea Center, San Diego, CA.

This publication consists of papers presented at an in-house symposium held at the Naval Undersea Research and Development (R and D) Center, San Diego, in May 1970. The topics discussed in these presentations are as follows: principles of evolution and the ecological crisis; alternatives to overpopulation; examples of San Diego noise climate;…

Do "Womanist" Identity Attitudes Influence College Women's Self-Esteem and Perception of Environmental Bias?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ossana, Shelly M.; And Others

1992-01-01

Survey of undergraduate women (n=659) indicated questioning of previously held stereotypical views about gender and dawning awareness of alternative perspectives and active rejection of male supremacist values and beliefs and search for a positive self-affirming definition of womanhood attitudes were inversely related to perceptions of…

78 FR 65609 - Medicine Bow-Routt National Forests and Thunder Basin National Grassland; Wyoming; Thunder Basin...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-11-01

... National Grassland; Wyoming; Thunder Basin National Grassland Prairie Dog Amendment Environmental Impact... alternatives will be analyzed in the Thunder Basin National Grassland Prairie Dog Amendment EIS. The EIS will... Basin National Grassland Prairie Dog Amendment. The Open House/ Presentation meetings will be held on...

Aging and the Baseline Code: An Alternative to the "Normless Elderly."

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Offenbacher, Deborah I.; Poster, Constance H.

1985-01-01

A projective test administered to 120 older persons revealed a "baseline normative code" to which respondents held themselves and their contemporaries. Findings suggest that, in the absence of age-specific norms, the elderly do not become "normless" but develop their own normative prescriptions to fit their past socialization and present…

Emerging Definitions of Leadership in Higher Education: New Visions of Leadership or Same Old "Hero" Leader?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Eddy, Pamela L.; VanDerLinden, Kim E.

2006-01-01

The higher education literature suggests that alternative leadership styles are replacing the traditionally held definitions of leadership and provide new and different (and possibly superior) ways to understand leadership. This article looks for parallels within the current leadership literature to see if community college administrators use the…

Consolidation of Long-Term Memory: Evidence and Alternatives

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Meeter, Martijn; Murre, Jaap M. J.

2004-01-01

Memory loss in retrograde amnesia has long been held to be larger for recent periods than for remote periods, a pattern usually referred to as the Ribot gradient. One explanation for this gradient is consolidation of long-term memories. Several computational models of such a process have shown how consolidation can explain characteristics of…

The relationship between self-concept and achievement in TIMSS 2007: A comparison between American and Japanese students

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yoshino, Asako

2012-04-01

The purpose of this research was to investigate the relationship between eighth-grade students' maths-related self-concepts and their achievements in the Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS) 2007. The students' maths self-concept was compared with other variables, namely their mothers' education, their fathers' education and the amount of books held in the students' households. To investigate the potential role of culture, a comparison between American and Japanese students' scores was also included. The findings demonstrated that students' maths self-concept was positively associated with their achievement both in the United States and Japan, but Japanese students, while having higher achievement, had a lower maths self-concept than American students. Maternal education, paternal education and the number of books at home were also found to be positively related to achievement. Examining standardised coefficients, the study confirmed a strong interaction between maths self-concept and country, as well as a positive connection between maths self-concept as such (irrespective of the country) with maths achievement.

Origin and evolution of spliceosomal introns

PubMed Central

2012-01-01

Evolution of exon-intron structure of eukaryotic genes has been a matter of long-standing, intensive debate. The introns-early concept, later rebranded ‘introns first’ held that protein-coding genes were interrupted by numerous introns even at the earliest stages of life's evolution and that introns played a major role in the origin of proteins by facilitating recombination of sequences coding for small protein/peptide modules. The introns-late concept held that introns emerged only in eukaryotes and new introns have been accumulating continuously throughout eukaryotic evolution. Analysis of orthologous genes from completely sequenced eukaryotic genomes revealed numerous shared intron positions in orthologous genes from animals and plants and even between animals, plants and protists, suggesting that many ancestral introns have persisted since the last eukaryotic common ancestor (LECA). Reconstructions of intron gain and loss using the growing collection of genomes of diverse eukaryotes and increasingly advanced probabilistic models convincingly show that the LECA and the ancestors of each eukaryotic supergroup had intron-rich genes, with intron densities comparable to those in the most intron-rich modern genomes such as those of vertebrates. The subsequent evolution in most lineages of eukaryotes involved primarily loss of introns, with only a few episodes of substantial intron gain that might have accompanied major evolutionary innovations such as the origin of metazoa. The original invasion of self-splicing Group II introns, presumably originating from the mitochondrial endosymbiont, into the genome of the emerging eukaryote might have been a key factor of eukaryogenesis that in particular triggered the origin of endomembranes and the nucleus. Conversely, splicing errors gave rise to alternative splicing, a major contribution to the biological complexity of multicellular eukaryotes. There is no indication that any prokaryote has ever possessed a spliceosome or introns in protein-coding genes, other than relatively rare mobile self-splicing introns. Thus, the introns-first scenario is not supported by any evidence but exon-intron structure of protein-coding genes appears to have evolved concomitantly with the eukaryotic cell, and introns were a major factor of evolution throughout the history of eukaryotes. This article was reviewed by I. King Jordan, Manuel Irimia (nominated by Anthony Poole), Tobias Mourier (nominated by Anthony Poole), and Fyodor Kondrashov. For the complete reports, see the Reviewers’ Reports section. PMID:22507701

Application of the concept of dynamic trim control to automatic landing of carrier aircraft. [utilizing digital feedforeward control

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Smith, G. A.; Meyer, G.

1980-01-01

The results of a simulation study of an alternative design concept for an automatic landing control system are presented. The alternative design concept for an automatic landing control system is described. The design concept is the total aircraft flight control system (TAFCOS). TAFCOS is an open loop, feed forward system that commands the proper instantaneous thrust, angle of attack, and roll angle to achieve the forces required to follow the desired trajector. These dynamic trim conditions are determined by an inversion of the aircraft nonlinear force characteristics. The concept was applied to an A-7E aircraft approaching an aircraft carrier. The implementation details with an airborne digital computer are discussed. The automatic carrier landing situation is described. The simulation results are presented for a carrier approach with atmospheric disturbances, an approach with no disturbances, and for tailwind and headwind gusts.

Piaget's Clay and Descartes' Wax.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Jardine, David W.

1988-01-01

Exploration of a coincidental similarity between the work of Rene Descartes and Jean Piaget relating to the contemporary pedagogical conception of understanding as an active construction of reality points out some of the images that coalesce around this conception and reflects upon alternatives to the conception. (CB)

The effectiveness of process oriented guided inquiry learning to reduce alternate conceptions in secondary chemistry

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Barthlow, Michelle J.

2011-12-01

A nonequivalent, control group, pretest-posttest design was used to investigate student achievement in secondary chemistry. This study investigated the effect of process oriented guided inquiry learning (POGIL) in high school chemistry to reduce alternate conceptions related to the particulate nature of matter versus traditional lecture pedagogy. Data were collected from chemistry students in four large high schools and analyzed using ANCOVA. The results show that POGIL pedagogy, as opposed to traditional lecture pedagogy, resulted in fewer alternate conceptions related to the particulate nature of matter. Male and female students in the POGIL group posted better posttest scores than their traditional group peers. African-American and Hispanic students in the POGIL group exhibited achievement gains consistent with Caucasian and Asian students. Further studies are needed to determine the value of POGIL to address achievement gap concerns in chemistry.

Nuclear science outreach program for high school girls

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Foster, D.E.; Stone, C.A.

1996-12-31

The authors have developed a 2-week summer school on nuclear science for high school girls. This summer school is an outgrowth of a recent American Nuclear Society high school teachers workshop held at San Jose State University. Young scientists are introduced to concepts in nuclear science through a combination of lectures, laboratory experiments, literature research, and visits to local national laboratories and nuclear facilities. Lectures cover a range of topics, including radioactivity and radioactive decay, statistics, fission and fusion, nuclear medicine, and food irradiation. A variety of applications of nuclear science concepts are also presented.

Alternative approaches to plasma confinement

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Roth, J. R.

1978-01-01

The paper discusses 20 plasma confinement schemes each representing an alternative to the tokamak fusion reactor. Attention is given to: (1) tokamak-like devices (TORMAC, Topolotron, and the Extrap concept), (2) stellarator-like devices (Torsatron and twisted-coil stellarators), (3) mirror machines (Astron and reversed-field devices, the 2XII B experiment, laser-heated solenoids, the LITE experiment, the Kaktus-Surmac concept), (4) bumpy tori (hot electron bumpy torus, toroidal minimum-B configurations), (5) electrostatically assisted confinement (electrostatically stuffed cusps and mirrors, electrostatically assisted toroidal confinement), (6) the Migma concept, and (7) wall-confined plasmas. The plasma parameters of the devices are presented and the advantages and disadvantages of each are listed.

Life extending control: A concept paper

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Lorenzo, Carl F.; Merrill, Walter C.

1991-01-01

The concept of Life Extending Control is defined. Life is defined in terms of mechanical fatigue life. A brief description is given of the current approach to life prediction using a local, cyclic, stress-strain approach for a critical system component. An alternative approach to life prediction based on a continuous functional relationship to component performance is proposed.Base on cyclic life prediction an approach to Life Extending Control, called the Life Management Approach is proposed. A second approach, also based on cyclic life prediction, called the Implicit Approach, is presented. Assuming the existence of the alternative functional life prediction approach, two additional concepts for Life Extending Control are presented.

OTEC modular experiment cold water pipe concept evaluation. Volume III. Appendices

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Not Available

1979-04-01

The Cold Water Pipe System Design Study was undertaken to evaluate the diverse CWP concepts, recommend the most viable alternatives for a 1984 deployment of the 10 to 40 MWe MEP, and carry out preliminary designs of three concepts. The concept evaluation phase reported involved a systems analysis of design alternatives in the broad categories of rigid walled (with hinges), compliant walled, stockade and bottom mounted buoyant. Quantitative evaluations were made of concept performance, availability, deployment schedule, technical feasibility and cost. CWP concepts were analyzed to determine if they met or could be made to meet established system requirements andmore » could be deployed by 1984. Fabrication, construction and installation plans were developed for successful concepts, and costs were determined in a WBS format. Evaluations were performed on the basis of technical and cost risk. This volume includes the following appendices: (A) materials and associated design criteria; (B) summary of results of dynamic flow and transportation analysis; (C) CWP sizing analysis; (D) CWP thermal performance; and (E) investigation of the APL/ABAM CWP design. (WHK)« less

Exploring College Students' Mental Representations of Inferential Statistics

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lavigne, Nancy C.; Salkind, Sara J.; Yan, Jie

2008-01-01

We report a case study that explored how three college students mentally represented the knowledge they held of inferential statistics, how this knowledge was connected, and how it was applied in two problem solving situations. A concept map task and two problem categorization tasks were used along with interviews to gather the data. We found that…

Early Childhood Education Curricula: Human Rights and Citizenship in Early Childhood Education

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Sounoglou, Marina; Michalopoulou, Aikaterini

2017-01-01

This study examines the human rights and the notion of citizenship under the prism of pedagogical science. The methodology that was followed was the experimental method. In a sample of 100 children-experimental group and control group held an intervention program with deepening axes of human rights and the concept of citizenship. The analysis of…

Tourism, Transnationality and Ethnolinguistic Vitality: The Welsh in the Chubut Province, Argentina

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Johnson, Ian

2010-01-01

This article aims to develop the concept of ethnolinguistic vitality by adopting a qualitative approach to vitality rather than the statistical approach traditionally used. Ten small-size focus group style interviews were held with members of the Welsh-Argentinean community in the Chubut Province in the south of Argentina in order to explore…

The Conception of Risk in Minority Young Adolescents Aged 12-14 Years

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Leblanc, Raymond; Drolet, Marie; Ducharme, Daphne; Arcand, Isabelle; Head, Robert; Alphonse, Jean R.

2015-01-01

This study examines the conceptualization of risk behavior held by 26 Franco-Ontarian young adolescents (12-14 years of age) who participated in Lions Quest, a program specially designed to promote physical and mental health and to prevent drug and alcohol use. More specifically, it seeks to better understand the participating adolescents'…

Organizational Commitment in Estonian University Libraries: A Review and Survey

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kont, Kate-Riin; Jantson, Signe

2014-01-01

The data used in this article is based on the reviewing of relevant literature to provide an overview of the concepts of organizational commitment, job security, and interpersonal relations, as well as on the results of the original online survey, conducted by the article's authors, held in 2012 in Estonian university libraries governed by public…

AMEDD Clinical Psychology Short Course Held in Fort Gordon, Georgia on 13-17 February 1989

DTIC Science & Technology

1990-06-01

overshadowed, unfortunately, by the theoretical hegemony of Sigmund Freud , especially in American circles. Freud’s concept was not dissociation, but rather...emphasized that the sexual trauma was real. While Freud had good reasons for all this from other points of view, his development turned out to be a

Proceedings of the Second International Mobile Satellite Conference (IMSC 1990)

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Huck, R. W. (Compiler); Rafferty, William (Compiler); Reekie, D. Hugh M. (Editor)

1990-01-01

Presented here are the proceedings of the Second International Mobile Satellite Conference (IMSC), held June 17-20, 1990 in Ottawa, Canada. Topics covered include future mobile satellite communications concepts, aeronautical applications, modulation and coding, propagation and experimental systems, mobile terminal equipment, network architecture and control, regulatory and policy considerations, vehicle antennas, and speech compression.

Teaching Wave Propagation and the Emergence of Viete's Formula

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Cullerne, J. P.; Goekjian, M. C. Dunn

2012-01-01

The well-known result for the frequency of a simple spring-mass system may be combined with elementary concepts like speed = wavelength x frequency to obtain wave propagation speeds for an infinite chain of springs and masses (masses "m" held apart at equilibrium distance "a" by springs of stiffness "gamma"). These propagation speeds are dependent…

CFD validation needs for advanced concepts at Northrop Corporation

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

George, Michael W.

1987-01-01

Information is given in viewgraph form on the Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) Workshop held July 14 - 16, 1987. Topics covered include the philosophy of CFD validation, current validation efforts, the wing-body-tail Euler code, F-20 Euler simulated oil flow, and Euler Navier-Stokes code validation for 2D and 3D nozzle afterbody applications.

Thinking and Behaving Scientifically in Computer Science: When Failure is an Option!

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Venables, Anne; Tan, Grace

2006-01-01

In a Finnish study of four different academic disciplines, Ylijoki (2000) found that in Computer Science there was a disparity between the conceptions held by undergraduate students and staff about their discipline; students viewed it as being far more pragmatic and results focused than did their instructors. Not surprisingly, here at our…

Grade 1 to 6 Thai Students' Existing Ideas about Energy

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Yuenyong, Chokchai; Yuenyong, Jirakarn

2007-01-01

This study explored 30 Grade 1 to 6 (6-12 years old) Thai students' existing ideas about energy. The study employed the Interview about Event (IAE) approach. During IAE, the cards of an event or things were showed to students in order to probe their views of energy concepts. Findings indicated that young students held various alternative…

Energy. Learning in Science Project. Working Paper No. 17.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Stead, Beverley

One area explored in the second (in-depth) phase of the Learning in Science Project was "children's science," defined as views of the world and the meanings for words that children have and bring with them to science lessons. The investigation reported focuses on the concept of "energy" held by 52 Form 1 to 6 students. Data…

Educational Leaders or Compliant Bureaucrats? Reflections on "Leadership" Preparation

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Reitzug, Ulrich C.

2010-01-01

There is a commonly held conception that being able to raise a school's test scores as a principal is the hallmark of effective educational leadership. As a professor involved in the preparation of leaders for democratic schools, this author strongly contests this notion, stating that wrenching higher test scores from a group of students and…

Professional Learning in Initial Teacher Education: Vision in the Constructivist Conception of Teaching and Learning

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Tang, Sylvia Y. F.; Wong, Angel K. Y.; Cheng, May M. H.

2012-01-01

With the constructivist view of learning as a conceptual lens, this paper examines student teachers' professional learning in initial teacher education (ITE). A mixed-method study was conducted with student teachers of a Bachelor of Education Programme in Hong Kong. The quantitative element of the study reveals that student teachers held a…

Mirrors of the Mind: Introduction to Mindful Ways of Thinking Education. Educational Psychology: Critical Pedagogical Perspectives. Volume 19

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Inoue, Noriyuki

2012-01-01

"Mirrors of the Mind" uses East Asian epistemology and cultural concepts as new conceptual tools to address fundamental questions that educators encounter. The book invites readers to critically reflect on commonly held assumptions about learning, cognition, motivation, development, and other essential areas of educational psychology and learning…

Primary Science Assessment Item Setters' Misconceptions Concerning Biological Science Concepts

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Boo, Hong Kwen

2007-01-01

Assessment is an integral and vital part of teaching and learning, providing feedback on progress through the assessment period to both learners and teachers. However, if test items are flawed because of misconceptions held by the question setter, then such test items are invalid as assessment tools. Moreover, such flawed items are also likely to…

Technological Change, Employment, Qualifications and Training. A Development of Concepts from a Conference Held in Berlin, November 24-26, 1982.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Sorge, Arndt

A conference examined the socioeconomic challenges of technological and educational change throughout the European community. One hundred fifty representatives from a cross section of countries and agencies involved in education, training, and employment gathered to discuss the following themes: the transition from initial training to employment…

The Meaning of Natural Environments for Parents and Professionals

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Campbell, Philippa H.; Sawyer, L. Brook; Muhlenhaupt, Mary

2009-01-01

A total of 75 individuals participated in 1 of either 5 parent or 4 early intervention therapist focus groups. Groups were held regionally in a large mid-Atlantic state to explore the ways in which each group interpreted the concept of natural environments and to identify any differences in perspectives among parents and therapists. Transcribed…

Plants. Learning in Science Project. Working Paper No. 24.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Stead, Beverley

One area explored in the second (in-depth) phase of the Learning in Science Project was "children's science," defined as views of the world and the meanings for words that children have and bring with them to science lessons. The investigation reported focuses on the concept of "plant" held by 29 students. Data were obtained by…

The Third Try at World Order: U.S. Policy for an Interdependent World.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Cleveland, Harlan

The booklet discusses America's changing role in world affairs. The ideas, concepts, and theories were developed by participants in a workshop on American leadership held at the Aspen Institute for Humanistic Studies in August, 1976. The document is presented in ten chapters. The first chapter identifies new cooperative attitudes as the basis for…

Conceptions of the Nature of Biology Held by Senior Secondary School Biology Teachers in Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Adegboye, Motunrayo Catherine; Bello, Ganiyu; Abimbola, Isaac O.

2017-01-01

There is a sustained public outcry against the persistent abysmal performance of students in biology and other science subjects at the Senior School Certificate Examinations conducted by the West African Examinations Council (WAEC) and the National Examinations Council (NECO). Biology is a unique science discipline with peculiar philosophical…

Overcoming Misconceptions in Quantum Mechanics with the Time Evolution Operator

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Quijas, P. C. Garcia; Aguilar, L. M. Arevalo

2007-01-01

Recently, there have been many efforts to use the research techniques developed in the field of physics education research to improve the teaching and learning of quantum mechanics. In particular, part of this research is focusing on misconceptions held by students. For instance, a set of misconceptions is associated with the concept of stationary…

Access and Retention in French Higher Education: Student Drop-Out as a Form of Regulation

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bodin, Romuald; Orange, Sophie

2018-01-01

Drawing on Bourdieu's theory and using Durkheim's concepts of "social fact" and "regulation", this article examines the place held by public universities within the French higher education (HE) system, breaking with the purely bureaucratic vision prevailing in France today. By setting aside some of the main received ideas about…

A Secondary School Student's Understanding of the Concept of Function--A Case Study

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Sajka, M.

2003-01-01

This article is concerned with an average student's understanding of the notion of function. It presents an analysis of a dialogue held with Kasia, a sixteen-years-old pupil of a general academic secondary school. The conversation concentrates on a non-standard problem--a functional equation. The theoretical framework used here is the PROCEPT…

Instructional Strategies to Accommodate a Team-Teaching Approach

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gaytan, Jorge

2010-01-01

The concept of team teaching is attributed to William Alexander, known as the "father of the American middle school," who delivered a presentation at a 1963 conference held at Cornell University. Alexander's main idea was to establish teams of three to five middle school teachers who would be in charge of team teaching content to large groups of…

Living. Learning in Science Project. Working Paper No. 15.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Stead, Beverley

One area explored in the second (in-depth) phase of the Learning in Science Project was "children's science," defined as views of the world and the meanings for words that children have and bring with them to science lessons. The investigation reported focuses on the concepts of "living" held by 32 students in four different…

Preservice Teachers' Knowledge of Information Literacy and Their Perceptions of the School Library Program

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lee, Elizabeth A.; Reed, Brenda; Laverty, Corinne

2012-01-01

Graduating preservice teachers were surveyed regarding their knowledge of information literacy concepts, the pedagogy of information literacy, and the role of the teacher librarian and school library programs. The preservice teachers felt poorly prepared to teach information literacy to pupils, had a limited array of information skills, and held a…

Breaking the Chemical and Engineering Barriers to Lignocellulosic Biofuels: Next Generation Hydroccarbon Biorefineries

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

none,

2008-03-01

This roadmap to “Next Generation Hydrocarbon Biorefineries” outlines a number of novel process pathways for biofuels production based on sound scientific and engineering proofs of concept demonstrated in laboratories around the world. This report was based on the workshop of the same name held June 25-26, 2007 in Washington, DC.

Motives and Power of School Board Members: Implications for School Board-Superintendent Relationships

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Mountford, Meredith

2004-01-01

The qualitative study presented in this article explores motivations for school board membership and conceptions of power held by school board members. The findings of the study suggest a relationship exists between the way board members define power and the type of motivation board members have for service. The implications of these findings for…

Formative Assessment Probes: Constructing Cl-Ev-R Explanations to Formative Assessment Probes

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Keeley, Page

2015-01-01

A distinguishing feature of all the formative assessment probes in the "Uncovering Student Ideas" series is that each probe has two parts: (1) a selected answer choice that usually mirrors the research on commonly held ideas students have about concepts or phenomena; and (2) an explanation that supports their answer choice. It is this…

Polylingual Languaging around and among Children and Adolescents

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Jorgensen, J. Normann

2008-01-01

The uniquely human capacity of using arbitrary signs to transfer concept and experience over great distances in time and place is what we call language. We use language with a purpose, and we use whatever features are at our disposal to achieve our ends, regardless of the fact that some speakers think that certain features should be held together…

A User's Guide to Japanese Lesson Study: Ideas for Improving Mathematics Teaching.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Curcio, Frances R.

This guide and accompanying videotape are a product of the seminar "Analyzing the Teaching of Mathematics in Japan and the United States" held in Tokyo, Japan, following the 9th International Congress of Mathematical Education in August, 2000. The purpose is to introduce the concept of Japanese lesson study to the American mathematics…

Electric Current. Learning in Science Project. Working Paper No. 25.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Osborne, Roger

One area explored in the second (in-depth) phase of the Learning in Science Project was "children's science," defined as views of the world and the meanings for words that children have and bring with them to science lessons. The investigation reported focuses on the concept of "electric current" held by 43 elementary school…

Development of a Low Inductance Linear Alternator for Stirling Power Convertors

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Geng, Steven M.; Schifer, Nicholas A.

2017-01-01

The free-piston Stirling power convertor is a promising technology for high efficiency heat-to-electricity power conversion in space. Stirling power convertors typically utilize linear alternators for converting mechanical motion into electricity. The linear alternator is one of the heaviest components of modern Stirling power convertors. In addition, state-of-art Stirling linear alternators usually require the use of tuning capacitors or active power factor correction controllers to maximize convertor output power. The linear alternator to be discussed in this paper, eliminates the need for tuning capacitors and delivers electrical power output in which current is inherently in phase with voltage. No power factor correction is needed. In addition, the linear alternator concept requires very little iron, so core loss has been virtually eliminated. This concept is a unique moving coil design where the magnetic flux path is defined by the magnets themselves. This paper presents computational predictions for two different low inductance alternator configurations, and compares the predictions with experimental data for one of the configurations that has been built and is currently being tested.

Development of a Low-Inductance Linear Alternator for Stirling Power Convertors

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Geng, Steven M.; Schifer, Nicholas A.

2017-01-01

The free-piston Stirling power convertor is a promising technology for high-efficiency heat-to-electricity power conversion in space. Stirling power convertors typically utilize linear alternators for converting mechanical motion into electricity. The linear alternator is one of the heaviest components of modern Stirling power convertors. In addition, state-of-the-art Stirling linear alternators usually require the use of tuning capacitors or active power factor correction controllers to maximize convertor output power. The linear alternator to be discussed in this paper eliminates the need for tuning capacitors and delivers electrical power output in which current is inherently in phase with voltage. No power factor correction is needed. In addition, the linear alternator concept requires very little iron, so core loss has been virtually eliminated. This concept is a unique moving coil design where the magnetic flux path is defined by the magnets themselves. This paper presents computational predictions for two different low inductance alternator configurations. Additionally, one of the configurations was built and tested at GRC, and the experimental data is compared with the predictions.

[Complementary and alternative medicine in oncology].

PubMed

Hübner, J

2013-06-01

Complementary and alternative medicine are frequently used by cancer patients. The main benefit of complementary medicine is that it gives patients the chance to become active. Complementary therapy can reduce the side effects of conventional therapy. However, we have to give due consideration to side effects and interactions: the latter being able to reduce the effectiveness of cancer therapy and so to jeopardise the success of therapy. Therefore, complementary therapy should be managed by the oncologist. It is based on a common concept of cancerogenesis with conventional therapy. Complement therapy can be assessed in studies. Alternative medicine in contrast rejects common rules of evidence-based medicine. It starts from its own concepts of cancerogenesis, which is often in line with the thinking of lay persons. Alternative medicine is offered as either "alternative" to recommended cancer treatment or is used at the same time but without due regard for the interactions. Alternative medicine is a high risk to patients. In the following two parts of the article, the most important complementary and alternative therapies cancer patients use nowadays are presented and assessed according to published evidence.

Breath-held MR Cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) using a 3D Dixon fat–water separated balanced steady state free precession sequence

PubMed Central

Glockner, James F.; Saranathan, Manojkumar; Bayram, Ersin; Lee, Christine U.

2014-01-01

A novel 3D breath-held Dixon fat–water separated balanced steady state free precession (b-SSFP) sequence for MR cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) is described and its potential clinical utility assessed in a series of patients. The main motivation is to develop a robust breath-held alternative to the respiratory gated 3D Fast Spin Echo (FSE) sequence, the current clinical sequence of choice for MRCP. Respiratory gated acquisitions are susceptible to motion artifacts and blurring in patients with significant diaphragmatic drift, erratic respiratory rhythms or sleep apnea. A two point Dixon fat–water separation scheme was developed which eliminates signal loss arising from B0 inhomogeneity effects and minimizes artifacts from perturbation of the b-SSFP steady state. Preliminary results from qualitative analysis of 49 patients demonstrate robust performance of the 3D Dixon b-SSFP sequence with diagnostic image quality acquired in a 20–24 s breath-hold. PMID:23876262

Hand-held digital books in radiology: convenient access to information.

PubMed

D'Alessandro, M P; Galvin, J R; Santer, D M; Erkonen, W E

1995-02-01

Radiologists need constant, convenient access to current information throughout the course of their daily work. Today most learning in radiology is obtained from the printed word in books, journals, and teaching files, supplemented by the spoken word in lectures and conferences. Although learning from printed material and lectures has been proved efficacious over time, these media share the disadvantage of not being conveniently available for reference during the course of daily work at the alternator or in the examination room when accurate and up-to-date information is needed the most. As a result, many important questions about patient care go unanswered. We have developed a technique--hand-held digital books--to lower this barrier to searching and retrieval. When radiologists have a digital library that can be carried with them, they will be able to incorporate current radiology information into their daily decision making. We describe a technique for creating hand-held digital books and their future use in radiology.

New concepts in data analysis

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1982-01-01

Transportation Research Record 886 addresses "New Concepts in Data Analysis." The following papers are included within: "Origin-Destination Travel Survey for Southeast Michigan;" "Pilot Testing of Alternative Administrative Procedures and Survey Inst...

A Resource for Eliciting Student Alternative Conceptions: Examining the Adaptability of a Concept Inventory for Natural Selection at the Secondary School Level

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lucero, Margaret M.; Petrosino, Anthony J.

2017-08-01

The Conceptual Inventory of Natural Selection (CINS) is an example of a research-based instrument that assesses conceptual understanding in an area that contains well-documented alternative conceptions. Much of the CINS's use and original validation has been relegated to undergraduate settings, but the information learned from student responses on the CINS can also potentially be a useful resource for teachers at the secondary level. Because of its structure, the CINS can have a role in eliciting alternative conceptions and induce deeper conceptual understanding by having student ideas leveraged during instruction. In a first step toward this goal, the present study further investigated the CINS's internal properties by having it administered to a group ( n = 339) of students among four different biology teachers at a predominantly Latino, economically disadvantaged high school. In addition, incidences of the concept inventory's use among the teachers' practices were collected for support of its adaptability at the secondary level. Despite the teachers' initial enthusiasm for the CINS's use as an assessment tool in the present study, results from a principal components analysis demonstrate inconsistencies between the original and present validations. Results also reveal how the teachers think CINS items may be revised for future use among secondary student populations.

Categorization of alternative astronomical and scientifical conceptions of the teachers from the north coast of São Paulo

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gonzaga, E. P.

2016-05-01

This work deals with the analysis of scientific and alternative astronomical concepts found in the responses of teachers who teach classes Science, Geography and Physic in Basic Education (BE) of the state of the North Coast of São Paulo and how to address the alternative astronomical concepts with students from students Fundamental Education (FE) and Medium Education (ME). Bringing the legal documents regarding the Astronomy in BE, within the national and the São Paulo regions curriculum level, also with rationed researches to the teacher's formation, conceptual errors in books, knowledge non-formal spaces, alternative concepts, Astronomical studies and content analysis for fundamental theoretical. The task executed with the teachers was done via Technical Orientations (TO), promoted by the Director of Education (DE) from Caraguatatuba and region, with the premise to threat the continuous formation giving moments of discussion, practical activities and using the Digital Mobile Planetarium (DMP) with non-formal spaces of knowledge to the Astronomical studies gathering data via questions. Within the analysis of the answers analysis by the teachers, tables were created with the categories that highlight actual situations on the astronomical studies in the North Coast of São Paulo, and demarked the possible paths where the continuous formation will be followed in the future. Aspects checked in the survey were highlighted; such as teachers understand that they need continuing education; teachers have scientific astronomical views on various aspects know to teach concepts of Astronomy at BE; TO is a viable option as continued training and the use of DMP as no formal teaching and learning.

Concepts of anemia among low income Nicaraguan women.

PubMed

Ailinger, Rita L; Moore, Jean B; Pawloski, Lisa; Cortés, Lidya Ruth Zamora

2009-01-01

Anemia is a common health problem among women throughout the world, however, there has been minimal research on women's concepts of anemia. The purpose of this study was to examine concepts of anemia in low income Nicaraguan women. A qualitative design was used. Audio-taped open-ended interviews in Spanish with 14 women were used to obtain data. Tapes were transcribed and content analyzed. The findings indicate that few of the women had biomedically accurate concepts of anemia, such as that it was due to lack of iron from poor eating. Others held folk medical beliefs including home remedies, for example drinking the milk of a mare or beet juice and eating certain foods such as bean soup. Most of the women did not know any symptoms of anemia and a few reported that it can develop into leukemia. These concepts of anemia are instructive for nurses working with patients from Nicaragua and will be useful in developing nursing interventions to alleviate this public health problem.

The Dominance Concept Inventory: A Tool for Assessing Undergraduate Student Alternative Conceptions about Dominance in Mendelian and Population Genetics

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Abraham, Joel K.; Perez, Kathryn E.; Price, Rebecca M.

2014-01-01

Despite the impact of genetics on daily life, biology undergraduates understand some key genetics concepts poorly. One concept requiring attention is dominance, which many students understand as a fixed property of an allele or trait and regularly conflate with frequency in a population or selective advantage. We present the Dominance Concept…

Teaching Assistants' Performance at Identifying Common Introductory Student Difficulties in Mechanics Revealed by the Force Concept Inventory

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Maries, Alexandru; Singh, Chandralekha

2016-01-01

The Force Concept Inventory (FCI) has been widely used to assess student understanding of introductory mechanics concepts by a variety of educators and physics education researchers. One reason for this extensive use is that many of the items on the FCI have strong distractor choices which correspond to students' alternate conceptions in…

Teaching Future Teachers Basic Astronomy Concepts--Sun-Earth-Moon Relative Movements--at a Time of Reform in Science Education

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Trumper, Ricardo

2006-01-01

In view of students' alternative conceptions about basic concepts in astronomy, we conducted a series of constructivist activities with future elementary and junior high school teachers aimed at changing their conceptions about the cause of seasonal changes, and of several characteristics of the Sun-Earth-Moon relative movements like Moon phases,…

Research Technology

NASA Image and Video Library

1999-10-21

Travel to distant stars is a long-range goal of Marshall Space Flight Center's Advanced Concept Group. One of the many propulsion systems currently being studied is fusion power. The objective of this and many other alternative propulsion systems is to reduce the costs of space access and to reduce the travel time for planetary missions. One of the major factors is providing an alternate engery source for these missions. Pictured is an artist's concept of future interplanetary space flight using fusion power.

Proceedings of the Alternate Energy Systems Seminar

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1978-01-01

The Alternative Energy Systems Seminar was held on March 30, 1978, and was sponsored jointly be the Southwest District Office of the U.S. Department of Energy and JPL. The seminar was an experiment in information exchange with the aim of presenting, in a single day, status and prospects for a number of advanced energy systems to a diverse, largely nontechnical audience, and to solicit post-seminar responses from that audience as to the seminar's usefulness. The major systems presented are: (1) Solar Photovoltaic; (2) Geothermal; (3) Cogeneration Power; (4) Solar Thermal; (5) Solar Heating and Cooling; (6) Wind Energy; and (7) Systems Considerations.

NOBLE - Flexible concept recognition for large-scale biomedical natural language processing.

PubMed

Tseytlin, Eugene; Mitchell, Kevin; Legowski, Elizabeth; Corrigan, Julia; Chavan, Girish; Jacobson, Rebecca S

2016-01-14

Natural language processing (NLP) applications are increasingly important in biomedical data analysis, knowledge engineering, and decision support. Concept recognition is an important component task for NLP pipelines, and can be either general-purpose or domain-specific. We describe a novel, flexible, and general-purpose concept recognition component for NLP pipelines, and compare its speed and accuracy against five commonly used alternatives on both a biological and clinical corpus. NOBLE Coder implements a general algorithm for matching terms to concepts from an arbitrary vocabulary set. The system's matching options can be configured individually or in combination to yield specific system behavior for a variety of NLP tasks. The software is open source, freely available, and easily integrated into UIMA or GATE. We benchmarked speed and accuracy of the system against the CRAFT and ShARe corpora as reference standards and compared it to MMTx, MGrep, Concept Mapper, cTAKES Dictionary Lookup Annotator, and cTAKES Fast Dictionary Lookup Annotator. We describe key advantages of the NOBLE Coder system and associated tools, including its greedy algorithm, configurable matching strategies, and multiple terminology input formats. These features provide unique functionality when compared with existing alternatives, including state-of-the-art systems. On two benchmarking tasks, NOBLE's performance exceeded commonly used alternatives, performing almost as well as the most advanced systems. Error analysis revealed differences in error profiles among systems. NOBLE Coder is comparable to other widely used concept recognition systems in terms of accuracy and speed. Advantages of NOBLE Coder include its interactive terminology builder tool, ease of configuration, and adaptability to various domains and tasks. NOBLE provides a term-to-concept matching system suitable for general concept recognition in biomedical NLP pipelines.

Concept Inventories: Predicting the Wrong Answer May Boost Performance

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Talanquer, Vincente

2017-01-01

Several concept inventories have been developed to elicit students' alternative conceptions in chemistry. It is suggested that heuristic reasoning may bias students' answers in these types of assessments toward intuitively appealing choices. If this is the case, one could expect students to improve their performance by engaging in more analytical…

Alternative Conceptions of Wisdom: An Onion-Peeling Exercise.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Blanchard-Fields, Fredda; And Others

1987-01-01

Discusses contextualistic and integrative approaches to the concept of wisdom, and the evolution of the concept from an independent construct of intelligence to a component of intelligence, i.e., practical intelligence. Suggests operationalization of wisdom as the ability to integrate cognition and affect. Illustrates the integrative approach with…

What Discourse on the Texas Top Ten Percent Plan Says about Accountability for Diversity

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Maramba, Dina C.; Sulè, V. Thandi; Winkle-Wagner, Rachelle

2015-01-01

At the heart of the longstanding debate of addressing racial inequities in higher education is an argument about whether race should be a factor in admissions decisions. One argument is that institutions should be held accountable for diversity through external policies like affirmative action. Alternatively, there is the position that…