Post-Fire Analysis of Solid-Sawn Heavy Timber Beams

Treesearch

Robert H. White; Frank E. Woeste

2013-01-01

After fire exposure, design professionals are sometimes called upon to determine if the charred heavy timbers (Figure 1) are safe for future use without additional support or repairs. In this article, the authors present a sequence of reasoned steps that will help design professionals analyze charred timbers and gain the type of information needed to...

Simplified Analytical Model for a Queen-Post Covered Timber Bridge

Treesearch

F Fanous; D. Rammer; T. Wipf

2013-01-01

During the 19th century, the economic material to build bridges was timber due to its abundant availability, cost, and ease of construction. Many of the well-known timber bridge types are the Burr arch, Town lattice, Howe, Queen and King type of trusses. This paper summarizes an investigation that was sponsored by the Federal Highway Administration and the USDA Forest...

Interior of Tunnel No. 1356, Stick Pile Tunnel showing timber ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

Interior of Tunnel No. 1356, Stick Pile Tunnel showing timber framing and missing posts, looking northeast. - Western Maryland Railway, Cumberland Extension, Pearre to North Branch, from WM milepost 125 to 160, Pearre, Washington County, MD

Emissions from prescribed burning of timber slash piles in Oregon.

EPA Science Inventory

Emissions from burning piles of post-harvest timber slash (Douglas fir) in Grande Ronde, Oregon were sampled using an instrument platform lofted into the plume using a tether-controlled aerostat or balloon. Emissions of carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, methane, particulate matte...

4. VIEW SOUTH SHOWING AQUEDUCT PRISM. NOTE 1920 TIMBER AND ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

4. VIEW SOUTH SHOWING AQUEDUCT PRISM. NOTE 1920 TIMBER AND CONCRETE FLOORING SYSTEM, POCKETS FOR VERTICAL POSTS AND BRIDGING, STEEL BRACES ADDED BY THE NATIONAL PARK SERVICE CIRCA 1962. - Chesapeake & Ohio Canal, Conococheague Creek Aqueduct, Milepost 99.80, Williamsport, Washington County, MD

25. EAST FRONT FROM SOUTHEAST; WALLS ARE HEAVY OAK TIMBERS ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

25. EAST FRONT FROM SOUTHEAST; WALLS ARE HEAVY OAK TIMBERS SET ABOUT SIX INCHES APART ON A STONE FOUNDATION; AREAS BETWEEN THE POSTS ARE NOGGED WITH CLAY AND CHOPPED STRAW (BOUZILLAGE). - Louis Bolduc House, 123 South Main Street, Sainte Genevieve, Ste. Genevieve County, MO

Dry creek long-term watershed study: buffer zone performance as viable amphibian habitat

Treesearch

Brooke L. Talley; Thomas L. Crisman

2006-01-01

As bioindicators, amphibians typically require both terrestrial and aquatic habitats to complete their life cycles. Pre- timber-harvest monitoring (December 2002 through September 2003) of salamander and frog (Hylidae) populations was conducted in four watersheds of Decatur County, GA. Post- timber-harvest monitoring (December 2003 through September...

43 CFR 5462.2 - Prohibited acts.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... § 5462.2 Prohibited acts. (a) The acts or omissions listed in paragraph (b) of this section apply only to... permit held by the purchaser responsible for such acts or omissions may be canceled. (b) The following activities are prohibited: (1) Cutting, removing, or otherwise damaging any timber, tree, or other vegetative...

43 CFR 5462.2 - Prohibited acts.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... § 5462.2 Prohibited acts. (a) The acts or omissions listed in paragraph (b) of this section apply only to... permit held by the purchaser responsible for such acts or omissions may be canceled. (b) The following activities are prohibited: (1) Cutting, removing, or otherwise damaging any timber, tree, or other vegetative...

43 CFR 5462.2 - Prohibited acts.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... § 5462.2 Prohibited acts. (a) The acts or omissions listed in paragraph (b) of this section apply only to... permit held by the purchaser responsible for such acts or omissions may be canceled. (b) The following activities are prohibited: (1) Cutting, removing, or otherwise damaging any timber, tree, or other vegetative...

43 CFR 5462.2 - Prohibited acts.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... § 5462.2 Prohibited acts. (a) The acts or omissions listed in paragraph (b) of this section apply only to... permit held by the purchaser responsible for such acts or omissions may be canceled. (b) The following activities are prohibited: (1) Cutting, removing, or otherwise damaging any timber, tree, or other vegetative...

The Load-Bearing Capacity of Timber-Glass Composite I-Beams Made with Polyurethane Adhesives

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rodacki, Konrad

2017-12-01

This article discusses the issue of composite timber-glass I-beams, which are an interesting alternative for load-bearing beams of ceilings and roofs. The reasoning behind the use of timber-glass I-beams is the combination of the best features of both materials - this enables the creation of particularly safe beams with regard to structural stability and post-breakage load capacity. Due to the significant differences between the bonding surfaces of timber and glass, a study on the adhesion of various adhesives to both surfaces is presented at the beginning of the paper. After examination, two adhesives were selected for offering the best performance when used with composite beams. The beams were investigated using a four-point bending test under quasi-static loading.

Landscape-scale quantification of fire-induced change in canopy cover following mountain pine beetle outbreak and timber harvest

Treesearch

T. Ryan McCarley; Crystal A. Kolden; Nicole M. Vaillant; Andrew T. Hudak; Alistair M. S. Smith; Jason Kreitler

2017-01-01

Across the western United States, the three primary drivers of tree mortality and carbon balance are bark beetles, timber harvest, and wildfire. While these agents of forest change frequently overlap, uncertainty remains regarding their interactions and influence on specific subsequent fire effects such as change in canopy cover. Acquisition of pre- and post-fire Light...

Assessment and maintenance of a 15 year old stress-laminated timber bridge

Treesearch

T. Russell Gentry; Karl N. Brohammer; John Wells; James P. Wacker

2006-01-01

A timber bridge consisting of three 6.7 meter spans with a stress laminated deck was constructed in 1991 in the Spirit Creek State Forest near August, Georgia, USA. The stress laminated bridge uses a series of post-tensioning bars to hold the laminations together. The bridge remained in service until 2001 with no maintenance, at which time the bridge was inspected,...

Risks to human health and estuarine ecology posed by pulling out creosote-treated timber on oyster farms.

PubMed

Smith, Paul T

2008-01-31

Five oyster farms in Port Stephens, Australia were studied to identify consequences of using creosote-treated posts and the risks posed by removing the posts. Gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC/MS) was used to measure polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and phenols in sediments, timber, water and oyster tissue. Before posts were removed, the total PAHs in surface sediment on farms was 24.1 mgkg(-1) dry weight. This increased to 45.5 mgkg(-1) dry weight after the posts were pulled out and remained significantly higher 6 months later at 59.7 mgkg(-1) dry weight. A similar increase was found in deeper sediments. The sediment attached to creosote-treated posts had a total concentration of PAHs of 484-2642 mgkg(-1) dry weight, while the corresponding value for the sediment on tar-treated posts was only 30.7 mgkg(-1) dry weight. The surface timber of creosote-treated posts had high levels of PAHs and an average post contained 43 g of PAHs. The total PAHs dispersed to the environment when a creosote-treated post was pulled out was at least 0.67 g. The main species were PAHs with low-molecular weights: fluoranthene, phenanthrene, pyrene, acenaphthylene and chrysene. Benzo(a)pyrene represented 1-10% of PAHs in most samples. Bioassays with creosote-contaminated sediment revealed that Sydney rock oysters (Saccostrea glomerate) and Pacific oysters (Crassostrea gigas) accumulated PAHs at (mgkg(-1) wet tissue weight): 11.3-15.3 and 35.5-47.9, respectively, when exposed for 5 days to water with < 1 microgl(-1) PAHs. Wild oysters growing on creosote-treated posts had high levels of phenols (0.09-6.92 mgkg(-1) wet weight) and PAHs (0.59-1.01 mgkg(-1) wet weight). The dilemma posed by removing creosote-treated posts and dispersing carcinogenic, bioavailable contaminants needs to be managed in light of risks to human health and estuarine ecology.

Hitting the Goalpost: Calculating the Fine Line Between Winning and Losing a Penalty Shootout

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Widenhorn, Ralf

2016-10-01

The Portland Timbers won their first Major League Soccer (MLS) Cup Championship in December 2015. However, if it had not been for a kind double goalpost miss during a penalty shootout a few weeks earlier, the Timbers would never have been in the finals. On Oct. 30th, after what has been called "the greatest penalty kick shootout in MLS history," featuring a combined 22 penalties that included penalties by both goalkeepers, the Timbers won their first-round playoff against Sporting Kansas City. During the thrilling shootout, which can be watched, for example, for example on the MLS website, Sporting had two potentially game-winning penalties miss by the smallest of margins. One penalty bounced off the goalpost back into the field and another was an improbable double post miss. For a physicist, this prompts an interesting research question. Could we find an estimate by what distance the double post penalty shown in Fig. 1 failed to be the game winning shot?

Thermal pollution in rivers: Will adding gravel help to cool them down?

Treesearch

Marie Oliver; Gordon Grant; Barbara Burkholder

2011-01-01

Thermal pollution in rivers can be caused by dams, logging, municipal wastewater treatment, and other human activities. High water termperatures stress ecosystems, kill fish, and promote disease and parasites, and so dam operators, timber companies, and municipalities are held responsible for thermal loading caused by their operations. These entities are looking for...

Potential for expanding small diameter timber market : assessing use of wood posts in highway applications

Treesearch

Dorothy Paun; Gerry Jackson

2000-01-01

Because of a combination of circumstances, there is an overabundance of small-diameter timber available in the United States. There is low demand for this material because it has low value. One way to increase the value, and therefore the demand, for this material is to develop or expand markets where the material can be used. We looked at markets where little or no...

Influence of postfire salvage logging on black-backed woodpecker nest-site selection and nest survival

Treesearch

Christopher David Forristal

2009-01-01

Post-fire timber harvest practices (i.e. post-fire salvage logging) on public lands are a highly contentious issue in the western United States. Harvest of burned trees impacts a number of species, particularly those specialized for using post-wildfire habitats. We assessed the effects of post-fire salvage logging on black-backed woodpecker (Picoides arcticus...

Partial cuttings in northern hardwoods of the Lake States: twenty-year experimental results

Treesearch

F. H. Eyre; W. M. Zillgitt

1953-01-01

In the nineteen twenties the hardwood lumber industry of the Lake States faced a critical decision. There was an excess of mill capacity over stumpage available for long-continued operations. Some mills had a limited future; others had enough timber to last them a long time. But all such concerns began to consider what the future held.

Wood as a strategic material

Treesearch

Kenneth S. Rolston

1977-01-01

Over the medium and long run timber can provide a major contribution to improving the balance of payments caused by the increase in oil prices. It can do so without causing severe shortages at home. This is basically the position held by most senior executives in the forest industry and I'll try to discuss briefly some of the factors necessary to fulfillment of...

Direct seeding of lemon-gum eucalyptus, redwood, and brushbox in Hawaii

Treesearch

Gerald A. Waiters

1970-01-01

Direct seeding has economic and silvicultural advantages over planted seedlings. To see if three selected timber species could be direct-seeded, trials were held at Kulani Camp, island of Hawaii. After 1 year, lemon-gum eucalyptus had fair stocking and height growth, but redwood and brushbox had not progressed satisfactorily. Mulch had no real effect on either stocking...

Effects of timber harvests and silvicultural edges on terrestrial salamanders.

PubMed

MacNeil, Jami E; Williams, Rod N

2014-01-01

Balancing timber production and conservation in forest management requires an understanding of how timber harvests affect wildlife species. Terrestrial salamanders are useful indicators of mature forest ecosystem health due to their importance to ecosystem processes and sensitivity to environmental change. However, the effects of timber harvests on salamanders, though often researched, are still not well understood. To further this understanding, we used artificial cover objects to monitor the relative abundance of terrestrial salamanders for two seasons (fall and spring) pre-harvest and five seasons post-harvest in six forest management treatments, and for three seasons post-harvest across the edge gradients of six recent clearcuts. In total, we recorded 19,048 encounters representing nine species of salamanders. We observed declines in mean encounters of eastern red-backed salamanders (Plethodon cinereus) and northern slimy salamanders (P. glutinosus) from pre- to post-harvest in group selection cuts and in clearcuts. However, we found no evidence of salamander declines at shelterwoods and forested sites adjacent to harvests. Edge effects induced by recent clearcuts influenced salamanders for approximately 20 m into the forest, but edge influence varied by slope orientation. Temperature, soil moisture, and canopy cover were all correlated with salamander counts. Our results suggest silvicultural techniques that remove the forest canopy negatively affect salamander relative abundance on the local scale during the years immediately following harvest, and that the depth of edge influence of clearcuts on terrestrial salamanders is relatively shallow (<20 m). Small harvests (<4 ha) and techniques that leave the forest canopy intact may be compatible with maintaining terrestrial salamander populations across a forested landscape. Our results demonstrate the importance of examining species-specific responses and monitoring salamanders across multiple seasons and years. Long-term monitoring will be necessary to understand the full impacts of forest management on terrestrial salamanders.

Effects of Timber Harvests and Silvicultural Edges on Terrestrial Salamanders

PubMed Central

MacNeil, Jami E.; Williams, Rod N.

2014-01-01

Balancing timber production and conservation in forest management requires an understanding of how timber harvests affect wildlife species. Terrestrial salamanders are useful indicators of mature forest ecosystem health due to their importance to ecosystem processes and sensitivity to environmental change. However, the effects of timber harvests on salamanders, though often researched, are still not well understood. To further this understanding, we used artificial cover objects to monitor the relative abundance of terrestrial salamanders for two seasons (fall and spring) pre-harvest and five seasons post-harvest in six forest management treatments, and for three seasons post-harvest across the edge gradients of six recent clearcuts. In total, we recorded 19,048 encounters representing nine species of salamanders. We observed declines in mean encounters of eastern red-backed salamanders (Plethodon cinereus) and northern slimy salamanders (P. glutinosus) from pre- to post-harvest in group selection cuts and in clearcuts. However, we found no evidence of salamander declines at shelterwoods and forested sites adjacent to harvests. Edge effects induced by recent clearcuts influenced salamanders for approximately 20 m into the forest, but edge influence varied by slope orientation. Temperature, soil moisture, and canopy cover were all correlated with salamander counts. Our results suggest silvicultural techniques that remove the forest canopy negatively affect salamander relative abundance on the local scale during the years immediately following harvest, and that the depth of edge influence of clearcuts on terrestrial salamanders is relatively shallow (<20 m). Small harvests (<4 ha) and techniques that leave the forest canopy intact may be compatible with maintaining terrestrial salamander populations across a forested landscape. Our results demonstrate the importance of examining species-specific responses and monitoring salamanders across multiple seasons and years. Long-term monitoring will be necessary to understand the full impacts of forest management on terrestrial salamanders. PMID:25517409

20 CFR 404.1084 - Gain or loss from disposition of property; capital assets; timber, coal, and iron ore...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

...) If you are engaged in a trade or business, you must, in determining your net earnings from self... held primarily for sale to customers in the ordinary course of a trade or business; (b) For purposes of... unintended change of property into other property or money as a result of such things as destruction, theft...

20 CFR 404.1084 - Gain or loss from disposition of property; capital assets; timber, coal, and iron ore...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

...) If you are engaged in a trade or business, you must, in determining your net earnings from self... held primarily for sale to customers in the ordinary course of a trade or business; (b) For purposes of... unintended change of property into other property or money as a result of such things as destruction, theft...

20 CFR 404.1084 - Gain or loss from disposition of property; capital assets; timber, coal, and iron ore...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

...) If you are engaged in a trade or business, you must, in determining your net earnings from self... held primarily for sale to customers in the ordinary course of a trade or business; (b) For purposes of... unintended change of property into other property or money as a result of such things as destruction, theft...

20 CFR 404.1084 - Gain or loss from disposition of property; capital assets; timber, coal, and iron ore...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

...) If you are engaged in a trade or business, you must, in determining your net earnings from self... held primarily for sale to customers in the ordinary course of a trade or business; (b) For purposes of... unintended change of property into other property or money as a result of such things as destruction, theft...

40 CFR 247.15 - Landscaping products.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... timbers and posts containing recovered materials. (f) Fertilizer made from recovered organic materials...) Compost made from recovered organic materials. (c) Garden and soaker hoses containing recovered plastic or...

Temporal Decay in Timber Species Composition and Value in Amazonian Logging Concessions.

PubMed

Richardson, Vanessa A; Peres, Carlos A

2016-01-01

Throughout human history, slow-renewal biological resource populations have been predictably overexploited, often to the point of economic extinction. We assess whether and how this has occurred with timber resources in the Brazilian Amazon. The asynchronous advance of industrial-scale logging frontiers has left regional-scale forest landscapes with varying histories of logging. Initial harvests in unlogged forests can be highly selective, targeting slow-growing, high-grade, shade-tolerant hardwood species, while later harvests tend to focus on fast-growing, light-wooded, long-lived pioneer trees. Brazil accounts for 85% of all native neotropical forest roundlog production, and the State of Pará for almost half of all timber production in Brazilian Amazonia, the largest old-growth tropical timber reserve controlled by any country. Yet the degree to which timber harvests beyond the first-cut can be financially profitable or demographically sustainable remains poorly understood. Here, we use data on legally planned logging of ~17.3 million cubic meters of timber across 314 species extracted from 824 authorized harvest areas in private and community-owned forests, 446 of which reported volumetric composition data by timber species. We document patterns of timber extraction by volume, species composition, and monetary value along aging eastern Amazonian logging frontiers, which are then explained on the basis of historical and environmental variables. Generalized linear models indicate that relatively recent logging operations farthest from heavy-traffic roads are the most selective, concentrating gross revenues on few high-value species. We find no evidence that the post-logging timber species composition and total value of forest stands recovers beyond the first-cut, suggesting that the commercially most valuable timber species become predictably rare or economically extinct in old logging frontiers. In avoiding even more destructive land-use patterns, managing yields of selectively-logged forests is crucial for the long-term integrity of forest biodiversity and financial viability of local industries. The logging history of eastern Amazonian old-growth forests likely mirrors unsustainable patterns of timber depletion over time in Brazil and other tropical countries.

Temporal Decay in Timber Species Composition and Value in Amazonian Logging Concessions

PubMed Central

Peres, Carlos A.

2016-01-01

Throughout human history, slow-renewal biological resource populations have been predictably overexploited, often to the point of economic extinction. We assess whether and how this has occurred with timber resources in the Brazilian Amazon. The asynchronous advance of industrial-scale logging frontiers has left regional-scale forest landscapes with varying histories of logging. Initial harvests in unlogged forests can be highly selective, targeting slow-growing, high-grade, shade-tolerant hardwood species, while later harvests tend to focus on fast-growing, light-wooded, long-lived pioneer trees. Brazil accounts for 85% of all native neotropical forest roundlog production, and the State of Pará for almost half of all timber production in Brazilian Amazonia, the largest old-growth tropical timber reserve controlled by any country. Yet the degree to which timber harvests beyond the first-cut can be financially profitable or demographically sustainable remains poorly understood. Here, we use data on legally planned logging of ~17.3 million cubic meters of timber across 314 species extracted from 824 authorized harvest areas in private and community-owned forests, 446 of which reported volumetric composition data by timber species. We document patterns of timber extraction by volume, species composition, and monetary value along aging eastern Amazonian logging frontiers, which are then explained on the basis of historical and environmental variables. Generalized linear models indicate that relatively recent logging operations farthest from heavy-traffic roads are the most selective, concentrating gross revenues on few high-value species. We find no evidence that the post-logging timber species composition and total value of forest stands recovers beyond the first-cut, suggesting that the commercially most valuable timber species become predictably rare or economically extinct in old logging frontiers. In avoiding even more destructive land-use patterns, managing yields of selectively-logged forests is crucial for the long-term integrity of forest biodiversity and financial viability of local industries. The logging history of eastern Amazonian old-growth forests likely mirrors unsustainable patterns of timber depletion over time in Brazil and other tropical countries. PMID:27410029

The value of an urban forest

Treesearch

Richard A. Hallett

2013-01-01

What good is a tree or a forest in a city? Or more precisely how much is it worth to the people of the city? In ancient Greece, gods were worshipped in groves of trees and trees were sacred. In Germany the Linden tree was believed to help unearth the truth and judicial meetings were held under a Linden tree. Today, in our industrial forests we value timber based on...

Heat sterilization time of ponderosa pine and Douglas-fir boards and square timbers

Treesearch

William T. Simpson; Xiping Wang; Steve Verrill

2003-01-01

To prevent the unintentional transfer of insects and pathogens during world trade, wood products are often heat sterilized. The general requirement is that the center of the wood configuration be held at 133°F (56°C) for 30 min. However, many factors can affect the time required to reach this temperature. This study explored several of these factors, including...

Investigating the use of small-diameter softwood as guardrail posts (dynamic test results)

Treesearch

Jason A. Hascall; John D. Reid; Ronald K. Faller; Dean L. Sicking; David E. Kretschmann

2007-01-01

A modified version of the Midwest Guardrail System (MGS), utilizing small-diameter round wood posts, was developed, tested, and evaluated. Three systems were developed using different species of timber, Douglas Fir, Ponderosa Pine, and Southern Yellow Pine. A combination of Barrier VII computer simulation modeling and several series of cantilever bogie tests, conducted...

An ecosystem services approach to the ecological effects of salvage logging: valuation of seed dispersal.

PubMed

Leverkus, Alexandro B; Castro, Jorge

2017-06-01

Forest disturbances diminish ecosystem services and boost disservices. Because post-disturbance management intends to recover the greatest possible value, selling timber often prevails over other considerations. Ecological research has shown diverse effects of salvage logging, yet such research has focused on the biophysical component of post-disturbance ecosystems and lacks the link with human well-being. Here we bridge that gap under the ecosystem services framework by assessing the impact of post-fire management on a non-timber value. By employing the replacement cost method, we calculated the value of the post-fire natural regeneration of Holm oaks in southern Spain under three post-fire management options by considering the cost of planting instead. The value of this ecosystem service in non-intervention areas doubled that of salvage-logged stands due to the preference for standing dead trees by the main seed disperser. Still, most of the value resulted from the resprouting capacity of oaks. The value of this and other ecosystem services should be added to traditional cost/benefit analyses of post-disturbance management. We thus call for a more holistic approach to salvage logging research, one that explicitly links ecological processes with human well-being through ecosystem services, to better inform decision-makers on the outcomes of post-disturbance management. © 2017 by the Ecological Society of America.

Inference of timber harvest effects on survival of stream amphibians is complicated by movement

USGS Publications Warehouse

Chelgren, Nathan; Adams, Michael J.

2017-01-01

The effects of contemporary logging practices on headwater stream amphibians have received considerable study but with conflicting or ambiguous results. We posit that focusing inference on demographic rates of aquatic life stages may help refine understanding, as aquatic and terrestrial impacts may differ considerably. We investigated in-stream survival and movement of two stream-breeding amphibian species within a before-after timber harvest experiment in the Oregon Coast Range. We used recaptures of marked individuals and a joint probability model of survival, movement, and capture probability, to measure variation in these rates attributed to stream reach, stream gradient, pre- and post-harvest periods, and the timber harvest intensity. Downstream biased movement occurred in both species but was greater for Coastal Tailed Frog (Ascaphus truei) larvae than aquatic Coastal Giant Salamanders (Dicamptodon tenebrosus). For D. tenebrosus, downstream biased movement occurred early in life, soon after an individual's first summer. Increasing timber harvest intensity reduced downstream movement bias and reduced survival of D. tenebrosus, but neither of these effects were detected for larvae of A. truei. Our findings provide insight into the demographic mechanisms underlying previous nuanced studies of amphibian responses to timber harvest based on biomass or counts of larvae.

Factors Limiting Post-logging Seedling Regeneration by Big-leaf Mahogany (Swietenia macrophylla) in Southeastern Amazonia, Brazil, and Implications for Sustainable Management

Treesearch

James Grogan; Jurandir Galvao

2006-01-01

Post-logging seedling regeneration density by big-leaf mahogany (Swietenia macrophylla), a nonpioneer light-demanding timber species, is generally reported to be low to nonexistent. To investigate factors limiting seedling density following logging within the study region, we quantified seed production rates, germinability, dispersal patterns, and seed fates on the...

Modeling the Complex Impacts of Timber Harvests to Find Optimal Management Regimes for Amazon Tidal Floodplain Forests

PubMed Central

Fortini, Lucas B.; Cropper, Wendell P.; Zarin, Daniel J.

2015-01-01

At the Amazon estuary, the oldest logging frontier in the Amazon, no studies have comprehensively explored the potential long-term population and yield consequences of multiple timber harvests over time. Matrix population modeling is one way to simulate long-term impacts of tree harvests, but this approach has often ignored common impacts of tree harvests including incidental damage, changes in post-harvest demography, shifts in the distribution of merchantable trees, and shifts in stand composition. We designed a matrix-based forest management model that incorporates these harvest-related impacts so resulting simulations reflect forest stand dynamics under repeated timber harvests as well as the realities of local smallholder timber management systems. Using a wide range of values for management criteria (e.g., length of cutting cycle, minimum cut diameter), we projected the long-term population dynamics and yields of hundreds of timber management regimes in the Amazon estuary, where small-scale, unmechanized logging is an important economic activity. These results were then compared to find optimal stand-level and species-specific sustainable timber management (STM) regimes using a set of timber yield and population growth indicators. Prospects for STM in Amazonian tidal floodplain forests are better than for many other tropical forests. However, generally high stock recovery rates between harvests are due to the comparatively high projected mean annualized yields from fast-growing species that effectively counterbalance the projected yield declines from other species. For Amazonian tidal floodplain forests, national management guidelines provide neither the highest yields nor the highest sustained population growth for species under management. Our research shows that management guidelines specific to a region’s ecological settings can be further refined to consider differences in species demographic responses to repeated harvests. In principle, such fine-tuned management guidelines could make management more attractive, thus bridging the currently prevalent gap between tropical timber management practice and regulation. PMID:26322896

Modeling the complex impacts of timber harvests to find optimal management regimes for Amazon tidal floodplain forests

USGS Publications Warehouse

Fortini, Lucas B.; Cropper, Wendell P.; Zarin, Daniel J.

2015-01-01

At the Amazon estuary, the oldest logging frontier in the Amazon, no studies have comprehensively explored the potential long-term population and yield consequences of multiple timber harvests over time. Matrix population modeling is one way to simulate long-term impacts of tree harvests, but this approach has often ignored common impacts of tree harvests including incidental damage, changes in post-harvest demography, shifts in the distribution of merchantable trees, and shifts in stand composition. We designed a matrix-based forest management model that incorporates these harvest-related impacts so resulting simulations reflect forest stand dynamics under repeated timber harvests as well as the realities of local smallholder timber management systems. Using a wide range of values for management criteria (e.g., length of cutting cycle, minimum cut diameter), we projected the long-term population dynamics and yields of hundreds of timber management regimes in the Amazon estuary, where small-scale, unmechanized logging is an important economic activity. These results were then compared to find optimal stand-level and species-specific sustainable timber management (STM) regimes using a set of timber yield and population growth indicators. Prospects for STM in Amazonian tidal floodplain forests are better than for many other tropical forests. However, generally high stock recovery rates between harvests are due to the comparatively high projected mean annualized yields from fast-growing species that effectively counterbalance the projected yield declines from other species. For Amazonian tidal floodplain forests, national management guidelines provide neither the highest yields nor the highest sustained population growth for species under management. Our research shows that management guidelines specific to a region’s ecological settings can be further refined to consider differences in species demographic responses to repeated harvests. In principle, such fine-tuned management guidelines could make management more attractive, thus bridging the currently prevalent gap between tropical timber management practice and regulation.

Assessment of dynamic and long-term performance of an innovative multi-story timber building via structural monitoring and dynamic testing

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Omenzetter, Piotr; Morris, Hugh; Worth, Margaret; Gaul, Andrew; Jager, Simon; Desgeorges, Yohann

2012-04-01

An innovative three-story timber building, using self-centering, post-tensioned timber shear walls as the main horizontal load resisting system and lightweight non-composite timber-concrete floors, has recently been completed in Nelson, New Zealand. It is expected to be the trailblazer for similar but taller structures to be more widely adopted. Performance based standards require an advanced understanding of building responses and in order to meet the need for in-situ performance data the building has been subjected to forced vibration testing and instrumented for continuous monitoring using a total of approximately 90 data channels to capture its dynamic and long-term responses. The first part of the paper presents a brief discussion of the existing research on the seismic performance of timber frame buildings and footfall induced floor vibrations. An outline of the building structural system, focusing on the novel design solutions, is then discussed. This is followed by the description of the monitoring system. The analysis of monitoring results starts with a discussion of the monitoring of long-term deformations. Next, the assessment of the floor vibration serviceability performance is outlined. Then, the forced vibration tests conducted on the whole building at different construction stages are reviewed. The system identification results from seismic shaking records are also discussed. Finally, updating of a finite element model of the building is conducted.

Post-breeding bird responses to canopy tree retention, stand size, and edge in regenerating Appalachian hardwood stands

USGS Publications Warehouse

McDermott, Molly E.; Wood, Petra B.

2011-01-01

Avian use of even-aged timber harvests is likely affected by stand attributes such as size, amount of edge, and retained basal area, all characteristics that can easily be manipulated in timber harvesting plans. However, few studies have examined their effects during the post-breeding period. We studied the impacts of clearcut, low-leave two-age, and high-leave two-age harvesting on post-breeding birds using transect sampling and mist-netting in north-central West Virginia. In our approach, we studied the effects of these harvest types as well as stand size and edge on species characteristic of both early-successional and mature forest habitats. In 2005–2006, 13 stands ranging from 4 to 10 years post-harvest and 4–21 ha in size were sampled from late June through mid-August. Capture rates and relative abundance were similar among treatments for generalist birds. Early-successional birds had the lowest capture rates and fewer species (∼30% lower), and late-successional birds reached their highest abundance and species totals (double the other treatments) in high-leave two-age stands. Area sensitivity was evident for all breeding habitat groups. Both generalist and late-successional bird captures were negatively related to stand size, but these groups showed no clear edge effects. Mean relative abundance decreased to nearly zero for the latter group in the largest stands. In contrast, early-successional species tended to use stand interiors more often and responded positively to stand size. Capture rates for this group tripled as stand size increased from 4 to 21 ha. Few birds in the forest periphery responded to harvest edge types despite within-stand edge effects evident for several species. To create suitable habitat for early-successional birds, large, non-linear openings with a low retained basal area are ideal, while smaller harvests and increased residual tree retention would provide habitat for more late-successional birds post-breeding. Although our study has identified habitat use patterns for different species in timber harvests, understanding habitat-specific bird survival is needed to help determine the quality of silvicultural harvests for post-breeding birds.

Detail of old rain shed (Building No. 43) showing vertical ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

Detail of old rain shed (Building No. 43) showing vertical posts on concrete footing with diagonal timber bracing and wire bracing. - Hawaii Volcanoes National Park Water Collection System, Hawaii Volcanoes National Park, Volcano, Hawaii County, HI

The Economics of Forest Carbon Sequestration: The Challenge for Emissions Offset Trading

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

van Kooten, G. C.

2016-12-01

This paper provides an overview of the role that forestry activities can play in mitigating climate change. The price of carbon offset credits is used for incentivizing a reduction in the release of CO2 emissions and an increase in sequestration of atmospheric CO2 through forestry activities. Forestland owners essentially have two options for creating carbon offset credits: (1) avoid or delay harvest of mature timber; or (2) harvest timber and allow natural regeneration or regeneration with `regular' or genetically-enhanced growing stock, storing carbon in post-harvest products, using sawmill and potentially logging residues to generate electricity. In this study, a model representative of the Quesnel Timber Supply Area (TSA) in the BC interior is developed. The objective is to maximize net discounted returns to commercial timber operations (and sale of downstream products) plus the benefits of managing carbon fluxes. The model tracks carbon in living trees, organic matter, and, importantly, post-harvest carbon pools and avoided emissions from substituting wood for non-wood in construction or wood bioenergy for fossil fuels. Model constraints ensure that commercial forest management is sustainable, while carbon prices incentivize sequestration to ensure efficient mitigation of climate change. The results are confirmed more generally by comparing the carbon fluxes derived from the integrated forest management model with those from a Faustmann-Hartman rotation age model that explicitly includes benefits of storing carbon. One other question is addressed: If carbon offsets are created when wood biomass substitutes for fossil fuels in power generation, can one count the saved emissions from steel/cement production when wood substitutes for non-wood materials in construction?

The Impact of Policy and Institutional Environment on Costs and Benefits of Sustainable Agricultural Land Uses: The Case of the Chittagong Hill Tracts, Bangladesh

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rasul, Golam; Thapa, Gopal B.

2007-08-01

As in other mountain regions of Asia, agricultural lands in the Chittagong Hill Tracts (CHT) of Bangladesh are undergoing degradation due primarily to environmentally incompatible land-use systems such as shifting cultivation ( jhum) and annual cash crops. The suitable land-use systems such as agroforestry and timber tree plantation provide benefit to the society at large, but they might not provide attractive economic benefits to farmers, eventually constraining a wide-scale adoption of such land-use systems. Therefore, it is essential to evaluate agricultural land-use systems from both societal and private perspectives in the pursuit of promoting particularly environmentally sustainable systems. This article evaluated five major land-use systems being practiced in CHT, namely jhum, annual cash crops, horticulture, agroforestry, and timber plantation. The results of the financial analysis revealed the annual cash crops as the most attractive land use and jhum as the least attractive of the five land-use systems considered under the study. Horticulture, timber plantation, and agroforestry, considered to be suitable land-use systems particularly for mountainous areas, held the middle ground between these two systems. Annual cash crops provided the highest financial return at the cost of a very high rate of soil erosion. When the societal cost of soil erosion is considered, annual cash crops appear to be the most costly land-use system, followed by jhum and horticulture. Although financially less attractive compared to annual cash crops and horticulture, agroforestry and timber plantation are the socially most beneficial land-use systems. Findings of the alternative policy analyses indicate that there is a good prospect for making environmentally sustainable land-use systems, such as agroforestry and timber plantation, attractive for the farmers by eliminating existing legal and institutional barriers, combined with the provision of necessary support services and facilities.

The impact of policy and institutional environment on costs and benefits of sustainable agricultural land uses: the case of the Chittagong Hill Tracts, Bangladesh.

PubMed

Rasul, Golam; Thapa, Gopal B

2007-08-01

As in other mountain regions of Asia, agricultural lands in the Chittagong Hill Tracts (CHT) of Bangladesh are undergoing degradation due primarily to environmentally incompatible land-use systems such as shifting cultivation (jhum) and annual cash crops. The suitable land-use systems such as agroforestry and timber tree plantation provide benefit to the society at large, but they might not provide attractive economic benefits to farmers, eventually constraining a wide-scale adoption of such land-use systems. Therefore, it is essential to evaluate agricultural land-use systems from both societal and private perspectives in the pursuit of promoting particularly environmentally sustainable systems. This article evaluated five major land-use systems being practiced in CHT, namely jhum, annual cash crops, horticulture, agroforestry, and timber plantation. The results of the financial analysis revealed the annual cash crops as the most attractive land use and jhum as the least attractive of the five land-use systems considered under the study. Horticulture, timber plantation, and agroforestry, considered to be suitable land-use systems particularly for mountainous areas, held the middle ground between these two systems. Annual cash crops provided the highest financial return at the cost of a very high rate of soil erosion. When the societal cost of soil erosion is considered, annual cash crops appear to be the most costly land-use system, followed by jhum and horticulture. Although financially less attractive compared to annual cash crops and horticulture, agroforestry and timber plantation are the socially most beneficial land-use systems. Findings of the alternative policy analyses indicate that there is a good prospect for making environmentally sustainable land-use systems, such as agroforestry and timber plantation, attractive for the farmers by eliminating existing legal and institutional barriers, combined with the provision of necessary support services and facilities.

Proceedings Interagency Endangered Species Symposium Held in Washington, DC on April 26-28, 1994

DTIC Science & Technology

1994-08-01

Hawaiian forest birds, the Puerto Rican parrot, eastern timber wolf , desert tortoise, and West Indian manatee. In concert with client agencies, NBS is...fishes than any other state. Reclamation’s complex Central Arizona Project, which can provide most of the state’s 2.8 million acre/feet share of Colorado ...conflicts with the needs of bald eagles. Lower Colorado Region One major issue facing the Lower Colorado Region is the long-term operation and Management of

Short-Term Forest Management Effects on a Long-Lived Ectotherm

PubMed Central

Currylow, Andrea F.; MacGowan, Brian J.; Williams, Rod N.

2012-01-01

Timber harvesting has been shown to have both positive and negative effects on forest dwelling species. We examined the immediate effects of timber harvests (clearcuts and group selection openings) on ectotherm behavior, using the eastern box turtle as a model. We monitored the movement and thermal ecology of 50 adult box turtles using radiotelemetry from May–October for two years prior to, and two years following scheduled timber harvests in the Central Hardwoods Region of the U.S. Annual home ranges (7.45 ha, 100% MCP) did not differ in any year or in response to timber harvests, but were 33% larger than previous estimates (range 0.47–187.67 ha). Distance of daily movements decreased post-harvest (from 22 m±1.2 m to 15 m±0.9 m) whereas thermal optima increased (from 23±1°C to 25±1°C). Microclimatic conditions varied by habitat type, but monthly average temperatures were warmer in harvested areas by as much as 13°C. Animals that used harvest openings were exposed to extreme monthly average temperatures (∼40°C). As a result, the animals made shorter and more frequent movements in and out of the harvest areas while maintaining 9% higher body temperatures. This experimental design coupled with radiotelemetry and behavioral observation of a wild ectotherm population prior to and in response to anthropogenic habitat alteration is the first of its kind. Our results indicate that even in a relatively contiguous forested landscape with small-scale timber harvests, there are local effects on the thermal ecology of ectotherms. Ultimately, the results of this research can benefit the conservation and management of temperature-dependent species by informing effects of timber management across landscapes amid changing climates. PMID:22792344

Hydrologic resilience of a Canadian Foothills watershed to forest harvest

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Goodbrand, Amy; Anderson, Axel

2016-04-01

Recent investigations of long-term hydrometeorological, groundwater, and streamflow data from watersheds on the eastern slopes of the Canadian Rocky Mountains showed the streamflow regime was resilient to forest harvest. These watersheds had low levels of harvest relative to their size and a large area of sparsely vegetated alpine talus slopes and exposed bedrock; an area shown to generate the majority of runoff for streamflow. In contrast, watersheds located in the foothills of the Rocky Mountains are of lower relief and typically have harvestable timber throughout the watershed; therefore, these watersheds may be more sensitive to forest disturbance and have increased potential for streamflow response. This project assesses the hydrologic resilience of an Alberta Foothills watershed to forest harvest using a 23-year dataset from the Tri-Creeks Experimental Watershed (Tri-Creeks). Tri-Creeks has been the site of intensive streamflow, groundwater, snow accumulation, and precipitation observations from 1967 - 1990. During the early 1980s, forestry experiments were conducted to compare the effects of timber harvest and riparian buffers, and the effectiveness of timber harvesting ground rules in protecting fisheries and maintaining water resources within three sub-watersheds: Eunice (16.8 km2; control); Deerlick (15.2 km2; 36% streamside timber removal); and, Wampus (28.3 km2; 37% clear-cut). Statistical analyses were used to compare the pre-and post-harvest ratios of treatment to control sub-watershed runoff for: water year, monthly (April - October), snowmelt peak flow, and low flow (10th percentile streamflow) periods as an assessment of hydrologic resilience to forest harvest. The only significant post-harvest change was an increase in water yield during May at Wampus (Mann-Whitney (MW), p<0.05) and Deerlick (MW, p<0.1) Creeks. The lack of change in snowmelt peak flow timing or magnitude was not expected, particularly in Deerlick, which had 36% streamside timber removal. The streamflow regime of Tri-Creeks displayed remarkable resilience to forest harvest. We hypothesize on the processes and characteristics that result in this watershed to exhibit greater resilience compared to other forested watersheds.

40 CFR 247.15 - Landscaping products.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... hydroseeding and as an over-spray for straw mulch in landscaping, erosion control, and soil reclamation. (b) Compost made from recovered organic materials. (c) Garden and soaker hoses containing recovered plastic or... timbers and posts containing recovered materials. (f) Fertilizer made from recovered organic materials...

40 CFR 247.15 - Landscaping products.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... hydroseeding and as an over-spray for straw mulch in landscaping, erosion control, and soil reclamation. (b) Compost made from recovered organic materials. (c) Garden and soaker hoses containing recovered plastic or... timbers and posts containing recovered materials. (f) Fertilizer made from recovered organic materials...

40 CFR 247.15 - Landscaping products.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... hydroseeding and as an over-spray for straw mulch in landscaping, erosion control, and soil reclamation. (b) Compost made from recovered organic materials. (c) Garden and soaker hoses containing recovered plastic or... timbers and posts containing recovered materials. (f) Fertilizer made from recovered organic materials...

40 CFR 247.15 - Landscaping products.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... hydroseeding and as an over-spray for straw mulch in landscaping, erosion control, and soil reclamation. (b) Compost made from recovered organic materials. (c) Garden and soaker hoses containing recovered plastic or... timbers and posts containing recovered materials. (f) Fertilizer made from recovered organic materials...

Long-term monitoring and field testing of an innovative multistory timber building

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Omenzetter, Piotr; Morris, Hugh; Worth, Margaret; Kohli, Varun; Uma, S. R.

2011-04-01

An innovative three-story timber building, using self-centering, post-tensioned timber shear walls as the main horizontal load resisting system and lightweight composite timber-concrete floors, has recently been completed in Nelson, New Zealand. It is expected to be the trailblazer for similar but taller structures to be more widely adopted. Performance based standards require an advanced understanding of building responses and in order to meet the need for in-situ performance data the building has been subjected to forced vibration testing and instrumented for continuous monitoring using a total of about 90 data channels to capture its dynamic and long-term responses. The first part of the paper presents a brief discussion of the existing research on the seismic performance of timber frame buildings and footfall induced floor vibrations. An outline of the building structural system, focusing on the novel design solutions, is then discussed. This is followed by the description of the monitoring system. The paper emphasizes the need for optimal placement of a limited number of sensors and demonstrates how this was achieved for monitoring floor vibrations with the help of the effective independence-driving point residue (EfI-DPR) technique. A novel approach to the EfI-DPR method proposed here uses a combinatorial search algorithm that increases the chances of obtaining the globally optimal solution. Finally, the results from the forced vibration tests conducted on the whole building at different construction stages are reviewed.

Compositional stability and diversity of vascular plant communities following logging disturbance in Appalachian forests.

PubMed

Belote, R Travis; Jones, Robert H; Wieboldt, Thomas F

2012-03-01

Human-caused changes in disturbance regimes and introductions of nonnative species have the potential to result in widespread, directional changes in forest community structure. The degree that plant community composition persists or changes following disturbances depends on the balance between local extirpation and colonization by new species, including nonnatives. In this study, we examined species losses and gains, and entry of native vs. exotic species to determine how oak forests in the Appalachian Mountains might shift in species composition following a gradient of pulse disturbances (timber harvesting). We asked (1) how compositional stability of the plant community (resistance and resilience) was influenced by disturbance intensity, (2) whether community responses were driven by extirpation or colonization of species, and (3) how disturbance intensity influenced total and functional group diversity, including the nonnative proportion of the flora through time. We collected data at three spatial scales and three times, including just before, one year post-disturbance, and 10 years post-disturbance. Resistance was estimated using community distance measures between pre- and one year post-disturbance, and resilience using community distance between pre- and 10-year post-disturbance conditions. The number of colonizing and extirpated species between sampling times was analyzed for all species combined and for six functional groups. Resistance and resilience decreased with increasing timber-harvesting disturbance; compositional stability was lower in the most disturbed plots, which was driven by colonization, but not extirpation, of species. Colonization of species also led to increases in diversity after disturbance that was typically maintained after 10 years following disturbance. Most of the community-level responses were driven by post-disturbance colonization of native forbs and graminoids. The nonnative proportion of plant species tended to increase following disturbance, especially at large spatial scales in the most disturbed treatments, but tended to decrease through time following disturbance due to canopy development. The results of this study are consistent with the theory that resources released by disturbance have strong influences on species colonization and community composition. The effects of management activities tested in this study, which span a gradient of timber-harvesting disturbance, shift species composition largely via an increase in species colonization and diversity.

Aerial sampling of emissions from biomass pile burns in Oregon

EPA Science Inventory

Emissions from burning piles of post-harvest timber slash in Grande Ronde, Oregon were sampled using an instrument platform lofted into the plume using a tether-controlled aerostat or balloon. Emissions of carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, methane, particulate matter (PM2.5 µm), ...

Aerial Sampling of Emissions from Biomass Pile Burns in Oregon

EPA Science Inventory

Emissions from burning piles of post-harvest timber slash in Grande Ronde, Oregon were sampled using an instrument platform lofted into the plume using a tether-controlled aerostat or balloon. Emissions of carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, methane, particulate matter (PM2.5 µm), ...

Landscape-scale quantification of fire-induced change in canopy cover following mountain pine beetle outbreak and timber harvest

USGS Publications Warehouse

McCarley, T. Ryan; Kolden, Crystal A.; Vaillant, Nicole M.; Hudak, Andrew T.; Smith, Alistair M.S.; Kreitler, Jason R.

2017-01-01

Across the western United States, the three primary drivers of tree mortality and carbon balance are bark beetles, timber harvest, and wildfire. While these agents of forest change frequently overlap, uncertainty remains regarding their interactions and influence on specific subsequent fire effects such as change in canopy cover. Acquisition of pre- and post-fire Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) data on the 2012 Pole Creek Fire in central Oregon provided an opportunity to isolate and quantify fire effects coincident with specific agents of change. This study characterizes the influence of pre-fire mountain pine beetle (MPB; Dendroctonus ponderosae) and timber harvest disturbances on LiDAR-estimated change in canopy cover. Observed canopy loss from fire was greater (higher severity) in areas experiencing pre-fire MPB (Δ 18.8%CC) than fire-only (Δ 11.1%CC). Additionally, increasing MPB intensity was directly related to greater canopy loss. Canopy loss was lower for all areas of pre-fire timber harvest (Δ 3.9%CC) than for fire-only, but among harvested areas, the greatest change was observed in the oldest treatments and the most intensive treatments [i.e., stand clearcut (Δ 5.0%CC) and combination of shelterwood establishment cuts and shelterwood removal cuts (Δ 7.7%CC)]. These results highlight the importance of accounting for and understanding the impact of pre-fire agents of change such as MPB and timber harvest on subsequent fire effects in land management planning. This work also demonstrates the utility of multi-temporal LiDAR as a tool for quantifying these landscape-scale interactions.

Stress wave nondestructive evaluation of Douglas-fir peeler cores

Treesearch

Robert J. Ross; John I. Zerbe; Xiping Wang; David W. Green; Roy F. Pellerin

2005-01-01

With the need for evaluating the utilization of veneer peeler log cores in higher value products and the increasing importance of utilizing round timbers in poles, posts, stakes, and building construction components, we conducted a cooperative project to verify the suitability of stress wave nondestructive evaluation techniques for assessing peeler cores and some...

Predicting logging residue volumes in the Pacific Northwest

Treesearch

Erik C. Berg; Todd A. Morgan; Eric A. Simmons; Stan Zarnoch; Micah G. Scudder

2016-01-01

Pacific Northwest forest managers seek estimates of post-timber-harvest woody residue volumes and biomass that can be related to readily available site- and tree-level attributes. To better predict residue production, researchers investigated variability in residue ratios, growing-stock residue volume per mill-delivered volume, across Idaho, Montana, Oregon, and...

Early successional forest habitats and water resources

Treesearch

James Vose; Chelcy Ford

2011-01-01

Tree harvests that create early successional habitats have direct and indirect impacts on water resources in forests of the Central Hardwood Region. Streamflow increases substantially immediately after timber harvest, but increases decline as leaf area recovers and biomass aggrades. Post-harvest increases in stormflow of 10–20%, generally do not contribute to...

Community Economic Identity: The Coal Industry and Ideology Construction in West Virginia

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bell, Shannon Elizabeth; York, Richard

2010-01-01

Economic changes and the machinations of the treadmill of production have dramatically reduced the number of jobs provided by extractive industries, such as mining and timber, in the United States and other affluent nations in the post-World War II era. As the importance of these industries to national, regional, and local economies wanes,…

An Economic History of Indian Treaties in the Great Lakes Region

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

American Indian Journal, 1978

1978-01-01

An attempt to do what has rarely been done in the 19th century, this article examines the actual economic resources and values associated with United States Indian treaties and agreements in the Great Lakes region (land, trade, timber, maple sugar, fish and game, water resources, military posts and roads, and annuities). (JC)

Woodland salamander and small mammal responses to alternative silvicultural practices in the Southern Appalachians of North Carolina

Treesearch

W. Mark Ford; Michael A. Menzel; Timothy S. McCay; Jonathan W. Gassett; Joshua Laerm

2000-01-01

The effects of 2 years post-treatment of group selection and 2-aged timber harvests on woodland salamanders and mammals were assessed on stands in high elevation, southern Appalachian northern red oak (Quercus rubra)-flame azalea (Rhododendron calendulaceum) communities, in the Nantahala National Forest. We collected 4 salamander...

33 CFR 207.330 - Mississippi River between Winnibigoshish and Pokegama dams, Leech River between outlet of Leech...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... reservoir; logging. 207.330 Section 207.330 Navigation and Navigable Waters CORPS OF ENGINEERS, DEPARTMENT... reservoir; logging. (a) Parties engaged in the transportation of loose logs, timbers, and rafts of logs, poles, posts, ties, or pulpwood, on the waters described in this section, shall conduct their operations...

33 CFR 207.330 - Mississippi River between Winnibigoshish and Pokegama dams, Leech River between outlet of Leech...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... reservoir; logging. 207.330 Section 207.330 Navigation and Navigable Waters CORPS OF ENGINEERS, DEPARTMENT... reservoir; logging. (a) Parties engaged in the transportation of loose logs, timbers, and rafts of logs, poles, posts, ties, or pulpwood, on the waters described in this section, shall conduct their operations...

The Image of Mathematics Held by Irish Post-Primary Students

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lane, Ciara; Stynes, Martin; O'Donoghue, John

2014-01-01

The image of mathematics held by Irish post-primary students was examined and a model for the image found was constructed. Initially, a definition for "image of mathematics" was adopted with image of mathematics hypothesized as comprising attitudes, beliefs, self-concept, motivation, emotions and past experiences of mathematics. Research…

National measures of forest productivity for timber

Treesearch

Peter J. Ince; H. Edward Dickerhoof; H. Fred Kaiser

1989-01-01

This report presents national measures of forest productivity for timber. These measures reveal trends in the relationship between quantity of timber produced by forests and the quantity of forest resources employed in timber production. Timber production is measured by net annual growth of timber and annual timber removals. Measures of timber productivity include...

Responses of ground flora to a gradient of harvest intensity in the Missouri Ozarks

Treesearch

Eric K. Zenner; John M. Kabrick; Randy G. Jensen; JeriLynn E. Peck; Jennifer K. Grabner

2006-01-01

The relationship between the intensity of timber harvest and the composition and diversity of ground vegetation was investigated in upland mixed oak forests in the Missouri Ozarks. Pre- and post-harvest data were collected from 420 permanent vegetation plots to determine if changes in the composition and diversity of ground flora depended upon the intensity of the...

Spatial interpolation and simulation of post-burn duff thickness after prescribed fire

Treesearch

Peter R. Robichaud; S. M. Miller

1999-01-01

Prescribed fire is used as a site treatment after timber harvesting. These fires result in spatial patterns with some portions consuming all of the forest floor material (duff) and others consuming little. Prior to the burn, spatial sampling of duff thickness and duff water content can be used to generate geostatistical spatial simulations of these characteristics....

Treatability of U.S. wood species with pigment emulsified creosote

Treesearch

Douglas M. Crawford; Rodney C. De Groot; John B. Watkins; Harry Greaves; Karl J. Schmalzl; T. L. Syers

2000-01-01

Since the 1920s creosote has been used extensively in the United States for treatment of construction timbers, poles, and posts. However, creosote has the tendency to exude or bbleedc from some treated commodities, producing a tar-like covered surface. In the United States, creosote-treated products exhibiting cleaner dried surfaces and a reduced tendency to bleed have...

Mechanized or hand operations: which is less expensive for small timber?

Treesearch

Robert Rummber; John Klepac

2002-01-01

Two harvesting systems, one manual post-and-rail and one small-scale cut-to-length harvester, were compared in a lodgepole pine thinning. Elemental time study data were collected, along with estimates of residual stand damage. The harvester was about as productive as a manual crew of five. For material 5" and larger, the cost for felling, processing and piling...

Fire effects on infiltration rates after prescribed fire in northern Rocky Mountain forests, USA

Treesearch

Peter R. Robichaud

2000-01-01

Infiltration rates in undisturbed forest environments are generally high. These high infiltration rates may be reduced when forest management activities such as timber harvesting and/or prescribed fires are used. Post-harvest residue burning is a common site preparation treatment used in the Northern Rocky Mountains, USA, to reduce forest fuels and to prepare sites for...

Growth rates and post-release survival of captive neonate timber rattlesnakes Crotalus horridus

Treesearch

Richard N. Conner; D. Craig Rudolph; Daniel Saenz; Richard R. Schaefer; Shirley J. Burgdorf

2003-01-01

The need for conservation and management of rare species is becoming increasingly important as wildlife species and their habitat continue to decline. Translocation of wild captured adults to augment and reintroduce populations has been successfully used for some endangered avian species (see Carrie et al. 1999; Rudolph et al. 1992). In general, success rates for...

Breeding bird response to a second-stage shelterwood harvest in an upland hardwood forest

Treesearch

Eric L. Margenau; Yong Wang; Callie J. Schweitzer

2016-01-01

Post-logging sites were historically assumed to provide unfavorable habitat for songbirds. Timber harvests have always been important for species that require disturbances, but while most studies focus on clearcuts, few examine the harvesting methods ranging between clearcutting and undisturbed forests; such as those created with shelterwood prescriptions. We studied...

Post-logging loss of genetic diversity in a mahogany (Swietenia macrophylla King, Meliaceae) population in Brazilian Amazonia

Treesearch

T. André; M.R. Lemes; J. Grogan; R. Gribel

2008-01-01

Big-leaf mahogany (Swietenia macrophylla King, Meliaceae) is the most valuable widely traded timber species from the Neotropics. Mahogany has been severely overexploited throughout its natural range, which stretches from southern Mexico through Central and South America as far south as the Bolivian Amazon.We investigated effects of selective logging on the genetic...

Identification of Esters as Novel Aggregation Pheromone Components Produced by the Male Powder-Post Beetle, Lyctus africanus Lesne (Coleoptera: Lyctinae).

PubMed

Kartika, Titik; Shimizu, Nobuhiro; Yoshimura, Tsuyoshi

2015-01-01

Lyctus africanus is a cosmopolitan powder-post beetle that is considered one of the major pests threatening timber and timber products. Because infestations of this beetle are inconspicuous, damage is difficult to detect and identification is often delayed. We identified the chemical compounds involved in the aggregation behavior of L. africanus using preparations of crude hexanic extracts from male and female beetles (ME and FE, respectively). Both male and female beetles showed significant preferences for ME, which was found to contain three esters. FE was ignored by both the sexes. Further bioassay confirmed the role of esters in the aggregation behavior of L. africanus. Three esters were identified as 2-propyl dodecanoate, 3-pentyl dodecanoate, and 3-pentyl tetradecanoate. Further behavioral bioassays revealed 3-pentyl dodecanoate to play the main role in the aggregation behavior of female L. africanus beetles. However, significantly more beetles aggregated on a paper disk treated with a blend of the three esters than on a paper disk treated with a single ester. This is the first report on pheromone identification in L. africanus; in addition, the study for the first time presents 3-pentyl dodecanoate as an insect pheromone.

Timber value—a matter of choice: a study of how end use assumptions affect timber values.

Treesearch

John H. Beuter

1971-01-01

The relationship between estimated timber values and actual timber prices is discussed. Timber values are related to how, where, and when the timber is used. An analysis demonstrates the relative values of a typical Douglas-fir stand under assumptions about timber use.

Timber resources of the Sacramento area, California, 1972.

Treesearch

Brian R. Wall

1978-01-01

This report summarizes the 1972 timber resource inventory of the Sacramento area, California. Included are detailed tables of forest area, timber volume, growth, mortality, and timber cut and a discussion of the current timber resource and timber industry situation.

Use and production of solid sawn timbers in the United States

Treesearch

Gerry Jackson; James Howard; A. L. Hammett

2001-01-01

Although timber production has grown steadily over the last decade, information about the use of timbers and the corresponding resource remains in short supply. This study adds to the available literature on solid sawn timbers by compiling data on timber production and uses. The major categories of solid sawn timbers researched were railroad ties, timber bridges, and...

Soil organic matter and nitrogen cycling in response to harvesting, mechanical site preparation, and fertilization in a wetland with a mineral substrate

Treesearch

James W. McLaughlin; Margaret R. Gale; Martin F. Jurgensen; Carl C. Trettin

2000-01-01

Forested wetlands are becoming an important timber resource in the Upper Great Lakes Region of the US. However, there is limited information on soil nutrient cycling responses to harvesting and post-harvest manipulations (site preparation and fertilization). The objective of this study was to examine cellulose decomposition, nitrogen mineralization, and soil solution...

Correlations and spatial variability of soil physical properties in harvested piedmont forests

Treesearch

Emily A. Carter; J.N. Shaw

2002-01-01

Soil response to timber harvest trafficking was similar for eroded soils in two locations of the Piedmont of Alabama. Pre-harvest and post-harvest data indicated compaction to be present to a depth of 40 cm as indicated by cone index measurements, with the most significant changes occurring in the upper 20 cm. The degree of spatial dependence differed among soil...

Salmonid Communities in the South Fork of Caspar Creek, 1967 to 1969 and 1993 to 2003

Treesearch

Bradley E. Valentine; Richard A. Macedo; Tracie Hughes

2007-01-01

Demand for wood products and advances in logging technology post-World War II resulted in timber harvesting that extensively modified streams on the North Coast of California. To assess the resulting impacts to salmonid populations, the Department of Fish and Game conducted studies at widely spaced sites throughout the redwood region during the 1960s. In order to...

Effects of site preparation on timber and non-timber values of loblolly pine plantations

Treesearch

Jianbang Gan; Stephen H. Kolison; James H. Miller; Tasha M. Hargrove

1998-01-01

This study evaluated the timber and non-timber values of the forest stands generated by four site preparation methods tested in the Tuskegee National Forest 15 yr earlier. The timber values of the forest stands were assessed with the timber yields predicted by the SE TWIGS model. Non-timber benefits were evaluated through the Contingent Valuation Method. Two hundred...

Seasonal variation in hormonal responses of timber rattlesnakes (Crotalus horridus) to reproductive and environmental stressors.

PubMed

Lutterschmidt, William I; Lutterschmidt, Deborah I; Mason, Robert T; Reinert, Howard K

2009-08-01

Data addressing adrenocortical modulation across taxonomic groups are limited, especially with regard to how female reproductive condition influences the sensitivity of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis. We investigated seasonal and reproductive variation in basal and stress-induced hormone profiles in a population of free-ranging timber rattlesnakes (Crotalus horridus) in north-central Pennsylvania during spring (i.e., May), summer (i.e., July), and early fall (i.e., September). Baseline corticosterone concentrations varied seasonally and were significantly lower during the summer sampling period in July. We observed a significant negative relationship between baseline corticosterone and testosterone in male snakes, while baseline corticosterone and estradiol tended to be positively correlated in females. Treatment of snakes with 1 h of capture stress significantly increased corticosterone across all seasons. However, there was a significant interaction between corticosterone responses to capture stress and season, suggesting that adrenocortical function is modulated seasonally. Because elevated corticosterone may be associated with reproduction, we asked whether hormonal stress responses vary with female reproductive condition. Although sample sizes are low, reproductive snakes had significantly higher baseline and stress-induced corticosterone concentrations than non-reproductive or post-parturient females. Further, despite similar baseline corticosterone concentrations between non-reproductive and post-parturient rattlesnakes, post-parturient females responded to capture stress with a significantly higher increase in corticosterone. Collectively, these data suggest that the sensitivity of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis varies both seasonally and with changing reproductive states.

Documentation of procedures for textural/spatial pattern recognition techniques

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Haralick, R. M.; Bryant, W. F.

1976-01-01

A C-130 aircraft was flown over the Sam Houston National Forest on March 21, 1973 at 10,000 feet altitude to collect multispectral scanner (MSS) data. Existing textural and spatial automatic processing techniques were used to classify the MSS imagery into specified timber categories. Several classification experiments were performed on this data using features selected from the spectral bands and a textural transform band. The results indicate that (1) spatial post-processing a classified image can cut the classification error to 1/2 or 1/3 of its initial value, (2) spatial post-processing the classified image using combined spectral and textural features produces a resulting image with less error than post-processing a classified image using only spectral features and (3) classification without spatial post processing using the combined spectral textural features tends to produce about the same error rate as a classification without spatial post processing using only spectral features.

36 CFR 223.61 - Establishing minimum stumpage rates.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... AGRICULTURE SALE AND DISPOSAL OF NATIONAL FOREST SYSTEM TIMBER Timber Sale Contracts Appraisal and Pricing.... No timber may be sold or cut under timber sale contracts for less than minimum stumpage rates except... amounts of material not meeting utilization standards of the timber sale contract. For any timber sale...

Deriving simple and adjusted financial rates of return on Mississippi timber lands by combining forest inventory and analysis and Timber Mart-South data

Treesearch

Andrew J. Hartsell

2007-01-01

This study compares returns on investments in Mississippi timber lands with returns on alternative investments. The real annual rates of return from mature, undisturbed timber lands in Mississippi over a 17-year period (1977-94) were computed. Southern Research Station Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) timber volume data and Timber Mart-South (TMS) data on timber...

Global sustainable timber supply and demand

Treesearch

Peter J. Ince

2010-01-01

Industrial timber use has provided timber revenue that has helped make timber supply and demand more sustainable in the leading timber producing regions of the world. Sustainable development implies not consuming more resources today than we can replace tomorrow, but sustainable forest management implies more than merely a non-declining supply of timber. Forests as a...

The 1993 RPA timber assessment update

Treesearch

Richard W. Haynes; Darius M. Adams; John R. Mills

1995-01-01

This update reports changes in the Nation's timber resource since the 1989 RPA timber assessment. The timber resource situation is analyzed to provide projections for future cost and availability of timber products to meet demands. Prospective trends in demands for and supplies of timber, and the factors that affect these trends are examined. These include changes...

An analysis of the timber situation in Alaska: 1970-2010.

Treesearch

Richard W. Haynes; David J. Brooks

1990-01-01

Current conditions in Alaska timber markets are reviewed relative to the past two decades. Major issues in the outlook for Alaska timber markets are considered. Recent studies are used to develop projections of Alaska timber products output, timber harvest, and timber harvest by owner. The assumptions these projections depend on include the level of harvest on Native...

The Value of Timber Inventory Information.

Treesearch

B.E. Borders; W.M. Harrison; M.L. Clutter; B.D. Shiver; R.A. Souter

2008-01-01

Timber inventory data is the basis for many monetary transactions related to timber and timberland sale and (or) purchase as well as for development of timber management plans. The value of such data is well known and much appreciated for sale and (or) purchase of standing merchantable timber.  Unfortunatley, the value of timber inventory data for planning...

Information transfer during the timber transaction period in West Virginia. USA

Treesearch

David W. McGill; Daniel J. Magill; James Kochenderfer; W. Mark Ford; Tom Schuler

2006-01-01

Timber harvesting has long-lasting impacts on the productivity and aesthetics of private forests. In many instances, landowners who possess high quality timber are at a competitive disadvantage during timber transactions--the time between a decision by the landowner to sell timber and the completion of the timber harvesting operation--as they may lack understanding of...

Pre-fire treatment effects and post-fire forest dynamics on the Rodeo-Chediski burn area, Arizona

Treesearch

Barbara A. Strom

2005-01-01

The 2002 Rodeo-Chediski fire was the largest wildfire in Arizona history at 189,000 ha (468,000 acres), and exhibited some of the most extreme fire behavior ever seen in the Southwest. Pre-fire fuel reduction treatments of thinning, timber harvesting, and prescribed burning on the White Mountain Apache Tribal lands (WMAT) and thinning on the Apache-Sitgreaves National...

Timber products output and timber harvests in Alaska: projections for 1989-2010.

Treesearch

David J. Brooks; Richard W. Haynes

1990-01-01

Projections of Alaska timber products output and timber harvest by owner were developed by using a detailed, trend-based analysis. Historical data for 1965-88 were the basis for projections for 1989-2010. Projections of timber products output for each major product (export logs, sawn wood, and market pulp) were used to compute the derived demand for timber. The...

Timber resources of northern interior California, 1970.

Treesearch

Charles L. Bolsinger

1976-01-01

This report summarizes a timber resource inventory in Lassen, Modoc, Siskiyou, Shasta, and Trinity Counties, California. Included are detailed tables of forest area, timber volume, growth, mortality, and removals and a discussion of the current timber resource and timber industry situation.

Trade-offs between three forest ecosystem services across the state of New Hampshire, USA: timber, carbon, and albedo.

PubMed

Lutz, David A; Burakowski, Elizabeth A; Murphy, Mackenzie B; Borsuk, Mark E; Niemiec, Rebecca M; Howarth, Richard B

2016-01-01

Forests are more frequently being managed to store and sequester carbon for the purposes of climate change mitigation. Generally, this practice involves long-term conservation of intact mature forests and/or reductions in the frequency and intensity of timber harvests. However, incorporating the influence of forest surface albedo often suggests that long rotation lengths may not always be optimal in mitigating climate change in forests characterized by frequent snowfall. To address this, we investigated trade-offs between three ecosystem services: carbon storage, albedo-related radiative forcing, and timber provisioning. We calculated optimal rotation length at 498 diverse Forest Inventory and Analysis forest sites in the state of New Hampshire, USA. We found that the mean optimal rotation lengths across all sites was 94 yr (standard deviation of sample means = 44 yr), with a large cluster of short optimal rotation lengths that were calculated at high elevations in the White Mountain National Forest. Using a regression tree approach, we found that timber growth, annual storage of carbon, and the difference between annual albedo in mature forest vs. a post-harvest landscape were the most important variables that influenced optimal rotation. Additionally, we found that the choice of a baseline albedo value for each site significantly altered the optimal rotation lengths across all sites, lowering the mean rotation to 59 yr with a high albedo baseline, and increasing the mean rotation to 112 yr given a low albedo baseline. Given these results, we suggest that utilizing temperate forests in New Hampshire for climate mitigation purposes through carbon storage and the cessation of harvest is appropriate at a site-dependent level that varies significantly across the state.

Timber Products Supply and Demand

Treesearch

Jeffrey P. Prestemon; Robert C. Abt

2002-01-01

This chapter describes historical, current, and projected timber inventories and timber product outputs from southern forests. It also attempts to place these quantities in national and international perspectives. Timber is the most valuable commercial commodity taken from most forests, and its removal strongly influences the character of those forests. Timber is...

Examination of U.S. Department of Defense support of the U.S. national action plan for women, peace, and security: Can the use of U.S. military power achieve increased gender integration in Liberia

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-06-12

economy has grown through the export of timber, iron ore, and rubber . Reforming corruption inherited from the previous government and former warlords......on WPS, the LNAP has a post-conflict perspective. Liberia’s plan focuses attention on healing the trauma citizens suffered during the twenty-year

48 CFR 452.236-79 - Opted Timber Sale Road Requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Opted Timber Sale Road... Opted Timber Sale Road Requirements. As prescribed in 436.579, insert the following clause: Opted Timber Sale Road Requirements (NOV 1996) This contract is for the construction of timber sale road(s) which a...

Forest Productivity and Timber Supply Modeling in the South

Treesearch

Frederick Cubbage; Jacek Siry; Robert Abt; David N. Wear; Steverson Moffat

1998-01-01

The South can increase forest productivity on industrial and nonindustrial private forest (NIPF) lands. As timber markets have improved and timber prices have increased, returns from intensive management are more profitable. The interaction of timber markets, inventory, and prices are analyzed in new southern timber supply models sponsored by the Southern Forest...

36 CFR 223.32 - Timber sale operating plan.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 36 Parks, Forests, and Public Property 2 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Timber sale operating plan... SALE AND DISPOSAL OF NATIONAL FOREST SYSTEM TIMBER Timber Sale Contracts Contract Conditions and Provisions § 223.32 Timber sale operating plan. Sale contracts with a term of 2 years or more shall provide...

The timber industries of southern New England--a periodic assessment of timber output

Treesearch

Robert L., Jr. Nevel; Eric H. Wharton; Eric H. Wharton

1988-01-01

Evaluates regional timber output based on the results of a survey of the timber industries of southern New England. Contains statistics on industrial timber production and receipts in Connecticut, Massachusetts and Rhode Island, by state and species, log shipments between states, sawmills and lumber production, and the production and disposition of manufacturing...

The forest ecosystem of southeast Alaska: 7. Forest ecology and timber management.

Treesearch

Arland S. Harris; Wilbur A. Farr

1974-01-01

Large-scale use of the timber resource of southeast Alaska began in 1953 after long efforts to establish a timber industry. Development and present status of the industry and present management of the timber resource are summarized, stressing the biological basis for timber management activities in southeast Alaska today. Ecological and silvicultural considerations...

Mechanical grading of oak timbers

Treesearch

David E. Kretschmann; David W. Green

1999-01-01

For many wood species, the grading of timbers [>76 mm (>4-in.) thick] has not changed in decades. Most timbers are still visually graded by methods that originated in the 1930s. Mechanical grading procedures used to accurately grade 38-mm (2-in. nominal) dimension lumber have not been adapted for use with timbers. Furthermore, the only reliable timber test data...

Simulating Timber and Deer Food Potential In Loblolly Pine Plantations

Treesearch

Clifford A. Myers

1977-01-01

This computer program analyzes both timber and deer food production on managed forests, providing estimates of the number of acres required per deer for each week or month, yearly timber cuts, and current timber growing stock, as well as a cost and return analysis of the timber operation. Input variables include stand descriptors, controls on management, stumpage...

Timber RAM. . .a long-range planning method for commercial timber lands under multiple-use management

Treesearch

Daniel I. Navon

1971-01-01

Timber RAM (Resource Allocation Method) is a long-range planning method for commercial timber lands under multiple-use management. Timber RAM can produce cutting and reforestation schedules and related harvest and economic reports. Each schedule optimizes an index of performance, subject to periodic constraints on revenues, costs, and, harvest levels. Periodic...

Spatial ecology of timber rattlesnakes on the hardwood ecosystem experiment: pre-treatment results

Treesearch

Brian J. MacGowan; Zachary J. Walker

2013-01-01

The timber rattlesnake (Crotalus horridus) is a species of conservation concern throughout much of its geographic range and may serve as a sentinel species in investigations of the effects of timber harvesting on forest reptiles. Our objective was to determine the effect of even-aged timber management regimes on timber rattlesnake home range and...

Market Dynamics and Optimal Timber Salvage After a Natural Catastrophe

Treesearch

Jeffrey P. Prestemon; Thomas P. Holmes

2004-01-01

Forest-based natural catastrophes are regular features of timber production in the United States, especially from hurricanes, fires, and insect and disease outbreaks. These catastrophes affect timber prices and result in economic transfers. We develop a model of timber market dynamics after such a catastrophe that shows how timber salvage affects the welfare of...

Timber Supply: Mississippi and the South

Treesearch

Robert C. Abt; Fredrick W. Cubbage; Karen J. Lee; Ian Munn

1998-01-01

The availability of timber has become an issue across the South as supplies from other regions are constrained and as demand for timber continues to grow. Whiie any individual state or landowner will have a small impact on national timber supplies, the avaibility of local timber will have a profound effect on local industries. In Mississippi, for example,...

Effects of Timber Harvest on River Food Webs: Physical, Chemical and Biological Responses

PubMed Central

Wootton, J. Timothy

2012-01-01

I compared physical, chemical and biological characteristics of nine rivers running through three timber harvest regimes to investigate the effects of land use on river ecosystems, to determine whether these corresponded to changes linked with downstream location, and to compare the response of different types of indicator variables. Physical variables changed with downstream location, but varied little with timber harvest. Most chemical variables increased strongly with timber harvest, but not with downstream location. Most biological variables did not vary systematically with either timber harvst or downstream location. Dissolved organic carbon did not vary with timber harvest or downstream location, but correlated positively with salmonid abundance. Nutrient manipulations revealed no general pattern of nutrient limitation with timber harvest or downstream location. The results suggest that chemical variables most reliably indicate timber harvest impact in these systems. The biological variables most relevant to human stakeholders were surprisingly insensitive to timber harvest, however, apparently because of decoupling from nutrient responses and unexpectedly weak responses by physical variables. PMID:22957030

Competition for National Forest timber: effects on timber-dependent communities.

Treesearch

Richard W. Haynes

1983-01-01

Results are reported for three studies that dealt with the influence of timber sale practices on competition for timber in the timber-dependent communities of Medford and Grant County An Oregon and those surrounding the Nezperce National Forest in Idaho. Results are also reported for a fourth study that examines how several firms managed their uncut volume under...

Timber products output and timber harvests in Alaska: projections for 1992-2010.

Treesearch

D.J. Brooks; R.W. Haynes

1994-01-01

Projections of Alaska timber products output, the derived demand for raw material, and timber harvest by owner are developed from a trend-based analysis. By using a spread-sheet model, material flows in the Alaska forest sectorare fully accounted for. Demand for Alaska national forest timber is projected and depends on product output and harvest by other owners. Key...

The Timber Resource Inventory Model (TRIM): a projection model for timber supply and policy analysis.

Treesearch

P.L. Tedder; R.N. La Mont; J.C. Kincaid

1987-01-01

TRIM (Timber Resource Inventory Model) is a yield table projection system developed for timber supply projections and policy analysis. TRIM simulates timber growth, inventories, management and area changes, and removals over the projection period. Programs in the TRIM system, card-by-card descriptions of required inputs, table formats, and sample results are presented...

Deconstructing the timber volume paradigm in management of the Tongass National Forest.

Treesearch

John P. Caouette; Marc G. Kramer; Gregory J. Nowacki

2000-01-01

Timber volume information and associated maps have been widely used in the Tongass National Forest for land-use planning and timber and wildlife management. Although considerable effort has been expended to improve timber volume maps, little has been done to evaluate the suitability of timber volume as a descriptor of forest character.We established a rough indicator...

Determinants of Non-Timber Values in Wisconsin Northern Hardwoods

Treesearch

Richard Scarpa; Joseph Buongiorno; Karen Lee

1998-01-01

A working definition of non-timber value is the difference between the revenues attainable by implementing an infinite horizon timber revenue maximizing cutting rule, and the value of the observed harvest. This non-timber value was estimated for the stands of the Forest Inventory Analysis data in the maple-beech-birch type in Wisconsin. Non-timber values averaged 23...

36 CFR 221.3 - Disposal of national forest timber according to management plans.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE TIMBER MANAGEMENT PLANNING § 221.3 Disposal of national forest timber... and of opportunities for employment. (4) Provide for coordination of timber production and harvesting...

36 CFR 221.3 - Disposal of national forest timber according to management plans.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE TIMBER MANAGEMENT PLANNING § 221.3 Disposal of national forest timber... and of opportunities for employment. (4) Provide for coordination of timber production and harvesting...

A Study of Factors Influencing Productivity in the Obstetrics and Gynecology Outpatient Clinic at Walter Reed Army Medical Center.

DTIC Science & Technology

1992-08-01

area of infertility or GYN cancer . Patients for preoperative evaluation and post operative follow up are also seen in this clinic. This clinic is held...physicians can examine the cervix and surrounding tissue. In some cases, biopsies are performed to check for cancer . This clinic is held on Wednesday and...for fourteen physicians conducting various clinics (i.e., post-partum, oncology, infertility, colposcopy, cryotherapy , and sterilization), (d) three

Aerial Sampling of Emissions from Biomass Pile Burns in ...

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

Abstract (already cleared). Emissions from burning piles of post-harvest timber slash in Grande Ronde, Oregon were sampled using an instrument platform lofted into the plume using a tether-controlled aerostat or balloon. Emissions of carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, methane, particulate matter (PM2.5 µm), black carbon, ultraviolet absorbing PM, elemental/organic carbon, semi-volatile organics (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and polychlorinated dibenzodioxins/dibenzofurans), filter-based metals, and volatile organics were sampled for determination of emission factors. The effect on emissions from covering or not covering piles with polyethylene sheets to prevent fuel wetting was determined. Results showed that the uncovered (“wet”) piles burned with lower combustion efficiency and higher emissions of volatile organic compounds. Results for other pollutants will also be discussed. This work determines the first known in-field emission factors for burning of timber slash piles. The results also document the effect on emissions of covering the piles with polyethylene covers to reduce the moisture content of the biomass.

Projected US timber and primary forest product market impacts of climate change mitigation through timber set-asides

Treesearch

Prakash Nepal; Peter J. Ince; Kenneth E. Skog; Sun J. Chang

2013-01-01

Whereas climate change mitigation involving payments to forest landowners for accumulating carbon on their land may increase carbon stored in forests, it will also affect timber supply and prices. This study estimated the effect on US timber and primary forest product markets of hypothetical timber set-aside scenarios where US forest landowners would be paid to forego...

The timber resources of Rhode Island

Treesearch

Roland H. Ferguson; John R. McGuire; John R. McGuire

1957-01-01

This is a report on the first comprehensive survey ever made of the timber resources of Rhode Island. It shows, for the years 1952 and 1953, the area and condition of the forest land, the volume and quality of standing timber, the rates of timber growth and mortality, and the extent of timber cutting for forest products. The survey was made by the Forest Service as...

A timber bridge initiative for Virginia : special report.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1991-01-01

This report presents a plan for a timber bridge initiative in Virginia. It addresses (1) the immediate and future potential for using timber in the replacement of many of Virginia's bridges, (2) the available timber resources in Southside Virginia, (...

Timber production assessment of a plantation forest: An integrated framework with field-based inventory, multi-source remote sensing data and forest management history

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gao, Tian; Zhu, Jiaojun; Deng, Songqiu; Zheng, Xiao; Zhang, Jinxin; Shang, Guiduo; Huang, Liyan

2016-10-01

Timber production is the purpose for managing plantation forests, and its spatial and quantitative information is critical for advising management strategies. Previous studies have focused on growing stock volume (GSV), which represents the current potential of timber production, yet few studies have investigated historical process-harvested timber. This resulted in a gap in a synthetical ecosystem service assessment of timber production. In this paper, we established a Management Process-based Timber production (MPT) framework to integrate the current GSV and the harvested timber derived from historical logging regimes, trying to synthetically assess timber production for a historical period. In the MPT framework, age-class and current GSV determine the times of historical thinning and the corresponding harvested timber, by using a ;space-for-time; substitution. The total timber production can be estimated by the historical harvested timber in each thinning and the current GSV. To test this MPT framework, an empirical study on a larch plantation (LP) with area of 43,946 ha was conducted in North China for a period from 1962 to 2010. Field-based inventory data was integrated with ALOS PALSAR (Advanced Land-Observing Satellite Phased Array L-band Synthetic Aperture Radar) and Landsat-8 OLI (Operational Land Imager) data for estimating the age-class and current GSV of LP. The random forest model with PALSAR backscatter intensity channels and OLI bands as input predictive variables yielded an accuracy of 67.9% with a Kappa coefficient of 0.59 for age-class classification. The regression model using PALSAR data produced a root mean square error (RMSE) of 36.5 m3 ha-1. The total timber production of LP was estimated to be 7.27 × 106 m3, with 4.87 × 106 m3 in current GSV and 2.40 × 106 m3 in harvested timber through historical thinning. The historical process-harvested timber accounts to 33.0% of the total timber production, which component has been neglected in the assessments for current status of plantation forests. Synthetically considering the RMSE for predictive GSV and misclassification of age-class, the error in timber production were supposed to range from -55.2 to 56.3 m3 ha-1. The MPT framework can be used to assess timber production of other tree species at a larger spatial scale, providing crucial information for a better understanding of forest ecosystem service.

78 FR 73818 - Information Collection; Timber Sale Contract Operations and Administration

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-12-09

... DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE Forest Service Information Collection; Timber Sale Contract Operations...-0225, Timber Sale Contract Operations and Administration. DATES: Comments must be received in writing.... SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: Title: Timber Sale Contract Operations and Administration. OMB Number: 0596-0225...

Timber resources of southwest Oregon.

Treesearch

Patricia M. Bassett

1979-01-01

This report presents statistics from a 1973 inventory of timber resources of Douglas County and from a 1974 inventory of timber resources of Coos, Curry, Jackson, and Josephine Counties, Oregon. Tables presented are of forest area and of timber volume, growth, and mortality.

Effect of heart checks on flexural properties of reclaimed 6 by 8 Douglas-fir timbers

Treesearch

David W. Green; Robert H. Falk; Scott F. Lantz

2001-01-01

A sampling of nominal 6- by 8-inch (standard 140- by 184-mm) Douglas-fir timbers was obtained from an industrial military building in Minnesota. Thirty selected timbers had heart checks (boxed heart splits), which are characteristic of most old timbers installed in dry locations. Sixty selected timbers did not have heart checks. Most of the beams would grade as Select...

Value of timber and agricultural products in the United States, 1991

Treesearch

D. B. McKeever; J. L. Howard

1996-01-01

In the United States, timber and agriculture are two important components of the Gross Domestic Product (GDP). The purpose of this study was to quantify the volume and value of timber in the U.S. economy in 1991 and compare the value of timber with that of agriculture. Combined, timber and agriculture accounted for 6.2 percent of total GDP in 1991, and 13.2 percent of...

Relationship of stump diameter to d.b.h. for white pine in the northeast

Treesearch

Jesse D. Diller

1954-01-01

A need to estimate the volume cut from a timber tract when only the stumps are left is often felt by foresters, timber operators, and landowners. This need arises in areas where timber sales are based on stump diameters, in timber trespass cases, in check cruises on marked timber sales (to determine volume cut from unmarked trees), and as an aid in piecing together the...

Physical suitability of Appalachian hardwood sawlogs for sawed timbers

Treesearch

Lawrence D. Garrett

1970-01-01

A study of the physical suitability of Appalachian hardwood sawlogs for manufacture of sawed timbers revealed that: most grade 1 logs can be used to saw timbers as large as 8 by 9 inches, end dimension; most grade 2 logs are suited for manufacture of timbers 6 by 8 inches and smaller; and most grade 3 logs are suited for manufacture of timbers 5 by 7 inches and smaller...

A test of a mechanical multi-impact shear-wave seismic source

USGS Publications Warehouse

Worley, David M.; Odum, Jack K.; Williams, Robert A.; Stephenson, William J.

2001-01-01

We modified two gasoline-engine-powered earth tampers, commonly used as compressional-(P) wave seismic energy sources for shallow reflection studies, for use as shear(S)-wave energy sources. This new configuration, termed ?Hacker? (horizontal Wacker?), is evaluated as an alternative to the manual sledgehammer typically used in conjunction with a large timber held down by the front wheels of a vehicle. The Hacker maximizes the use of existing equipment by a quick changeover of bolt-on accessories as opposed to the handling of a separate source, and is intended to improve the depth of penetration of S-wave data by stacking hundreds of impacts over a two to three minute period. Records were made with a variety of configurations involving up to two Hackers simultaneously then compared to a reference record made with a sledgehammer. Preliminary results indicate moderate success by the higher amplitude S-waves recorded with the Hacker as compared to the hammer method. False triggers generated by the backswing of the Hacker add unwanted noise and we are currently working to modify the device to eliminate this effect. Correlation noise caused by insufficient randomness of the Hacker impact sequence is also a significant noise problem that we hope to reduce by improving the coupling of the Hacker to the timber so that the operator has more control over the impact sequence.

36 CFR 223.49 - Downpayments.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 223.49 Parks, Forests, and Public Property FOREST SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE SALE AND DISPOSAL OF NATIONAL FOREST SYSTEM TIMBER, SPECIAL FOREST PRODUCTS, AND FOREST BOTANICAL PRODUCTS Timber Sale... purchaser bids for timber offered. (3) Lump sum timber sales are premeasured sales where the entire value of...

36 CFR 223.49 - Downpayments.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 223.49 Parks, Forests, and Public Property FOREST SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE SALE AND DISPOSAL OF NATIONAL FOREST SYSTEM TIMBER Timber Sale Contracts Contract Conditions and Provisions § 223.49... excess of the advertised value that a purchaser bids for timber offered. (3) Lump sum timber sales are...

48 CFR 436.579 - Opted timber sale road requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... Sale Road Requirements, in road construction contracts resulting from a timber sale turnback. ... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Opted timber sale road... CATEGORIES OF CONTRACTING CONSTRUCTION AND ARCHITECT-ENGINEER CONTRACTS Contract Clauses 436.579 Opted timber...

36 CFR 223.45 - Definitions applicable to transfer of purchaser credit.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

..., DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE SALE AND DISPOSAL OF NATIONAL FOREST SYSTEM TIMBER Timber Sale Contracts Contract... business entities having timber sale contracts on the same National Forest. The term National Forest shall... estimated remaining unscaled (unreported on tree measurement contracts) volumes by species of timber...

The fourth Minnesota forest inventory: timber volumes and projections of timber supply.

Treesearch

John S. Jr. Spencer

1982-01-01

The fourth inventory of Minnesota's forest resources shows a 21% increase in growing-stock volume between 1962 and 1977, from 9.4 to 11.5 billion cubic feet. Presented are text and statistics on timber volume, growth, mortality, removals, and future timber supply.

Understanding the relationships between American ginseng harvest and hardwood forests inventory and timber harvest to improve co-management of the forests of eastern United States

Treesearch

James L. Chamberlain; Stephen Prisley; Michael McGuffin

2013-01-01

The roots of American ginseng have been harvested from the hardwood forests of eastern United States, along-side timber, since the mid-1700s. Very little is known about this non-timber commodity relative to timber, although significant volumes of ginseng root have been harvested from the same forests along with timber. The harvest of ginseng correlated positively and...

45Degree view of one (1) arm of the swing span ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

45-Degree view of one (1) arm of the swing span bridge in the open position. The view shows the continuous bottom chord of the truss. The vertical post and diagonal web members that frame into this bottom chord are connected with single steel pins at each panel point (or joint). The timber track ties, supporting the track, span from truss to truss bottom chords (16' -0') and are supported thereby. - Bridgeport Swing Span Bridge, Spanning Tennessee River, Bridgeport, Jackson County, AL

New York Timber industries - a periodic assessment of timber output

Treesearch

Robert L., Jr. Nevel; Everett L Sochia; Thomas H. Wahl; Thomas H. Wahl

1982-01-01

Reports the results of a survey of the timber industries of New York; contains statistics on industrial timber production and receipts, and production and disposition of the manufacturing residues. Comparisons are made with the most recent survey, and trends in industrial wood output are noted. Includes 18 statistical tables.

Timber in Missouri, 1972.

Treesearch

John S. Jr. Spencer; Burton L. Essex

1976-01-01

The third inventory of Missouri's timber resource shows a small gain in growing-stock volume and a somewhat larger gain in sawtimber volume since 1959. Area of commercial forest declined sharply between surveys. Presented are text and statistics on forest area and timber volume, growth, mortality, ownership, stocking, future timber supply, and forest management...

Enviromentally Sound Timber Extracting Techniques for Small Tree Harvesting

Treesearch

Lihai Wang

1999-01-01

Due to large area disturbed and great deal of energy cost during-its operations, introducing or applying the appropriate timber extracting techniques could significantly reduce the impact of timber extraction operations to forest environment while pursuing the reasonable operation costs. Four environmentally sound timber extraction techniques for small tree harvesting...

Likelihood of Timber Management on Nonindustrial Private Forests: Evidence From Research Studies

Treesearch

Ralph J. Alig; Karen J. Lee; Robert J. Moulton

1990-01-01

Research on timber management tendencies by nonindustrial private forest owners, while sometimes conflicting, provides useful information to support policy analyses of timber supply and investment behavior. Numerous research studies regarding tree planting, intermediate stand treatments, and timber harvesting are reviewed. Conclusive research findings include that: (1...

Estimating timber supply from private forests

Treesearch

D.F. Dennis

1991-01-01

Nonindustrial private landowners, who hold a majority of the Nation's commercial forests, own land primarily for reasons other than timber production. The multiple objective and dynamic nature of private ownership make planning and estimation of timber availability from this sector extremely difficult. Insight into the determinants of timber supply from private...

Alabama's timber industry - an assessment of timber product output and use, 1995

Treesearch

Tony G. Johnson; Jim R. Gober; J. Stephen Nix

1998-01-01

Output of Industrial Timber Products.Note: The reader must understand that certain terms, namely-retained, export, import, production, and receipts-have specialized meanings and relationships. unique to the Forest Inventory and Analysis Units across the country that deal with timber products output.In 1995, the combined...

Forest bat population dynamics over 14 years at a climate refuge: Effects of timber harvesting and weather extremes.

PubMed

Law, Bradley S; Chidel, Mark; Law, Peter R

2018-01-01

Long-term data are needed to explore the interaction of weather extremes with habitat alteration; in particular, can 'refugia' buffer population dynamics against climate change and are they robust to disturbances such as timber harvesting. Because forest bats are good indicators of ecosystem health, we used 14 years (1999-2012) of mark-recapture data from a suite of small tree-hollow roosting bats to estimate survival, abundance and body condition in harvested and unharvested forest and over extreme El Niño and La Niña weather events in southeastern Australia. Trapping was replicated within an experimental forest, located in a climate refuge, with different timber harvesting treatments. We trapped foraging bats and banded 3043 with a 32% retrap rate. Mark-recapture analyses allowed for dependence of survival on time, species, sex, logging treatment and for transients. A large portion of the population remained resident, with a maximum time to recapture of nine years. The effect of logging history (unlogged vs 16-30 years post-logging regrowth) on apparent survival was minor and species specific, with no detectable effect for two species, a positive effect for one and negative for the other. There was no effect of logging history on abundance or body condition for any of these species. Apparent survival of residents was not strongly influenced by weather variation (except for the smallest species), unlike previous studies outside of refugia. Despite annual variation in abundance and body condition across the 14 years of the study, no relationship with extreme weather was evident. The location of our study area in a climate refuge potentially buffered bat population dynamics from extreme weather. These results support the value of climate refugia in mitigating climate change impacts, though the lack of an external control highlights the need for further studies on the functioning of climate refugia. Relatively stable population dynamics were not compromised by timber harvesting, suggesting ecologically sustainable harvesting may be compatible with climate refugia.

9. EAST ELEVATION OF SKIDOO MILL, LOOKING WEST. THE LEVELS ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

9. EAST ELEVATION OF SKIDOO MILL, LOOKING WEST. THE LEVELS OF THE MILL CAN BE CLEARLY SEEN HERE. THE UPPER MOST LEVEL CONSISTS OF A CONVEORY THAT BROUGHT ORE TO A JAW CRUSHER. THE CRUSHED ORE WAS CHANNELED DIRECTLY INTO A LARGE ORE BIN LOCATED BEHIND THE COVERED WALL (CENTER). THE NEXT LEVEL SHOWS THE BULL (DRIVE) WHEEL ON THE UPPER PART OF THE STAMP BATTERIES. THE NEXT LEVEL DOWN (STAIRS) IS THE LOWER PORTION OF THE STAMP BATTERIES WITH THE MORTAR BLOCKS AND APRONS. THE NEXT LEVEL DOWN (LOWER RIGHT) HELD CONCENTRATION (SHAKING) TABLES AND A CLASSIFIER. MOST EXTERIOR WALL COVERING, TIMBERS, AND ROOF IS MISSING FROM THE MILL. SEE CA-290-42 (CT) FOR IDENTICAL COLOR TRANSPARENCY - Skidoo Mine, Park Route 38 (Skidoo Road), Death Valley Junction, Inyo County, CA

42. EAST ELEVATION OF SKIDOO MILL, LOOKING WEST. THE LEVELS ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

42. EAST ELEVATION OF SKIDOO MILL, LOOKING WEST. THE LEVELS OF THE MILL CAN BE CLEARLY SEEN HERE. THE UPPER MOST LEVEL CONSISTS OF A CONVEORY THAT BROUGHT ORE TO A JAW CRUSHER. THE CRUSHED ORE WAS CHANNELED DIRECTLY INTO A LARGE ORE BIN LOCATED BEHIND THE COVERED WALL (CENTER). THE NEXT LEVEL SHOWS THE BULL (DRIVE) WHEEL ON THE UPPER PART OF THE STAMP BATTERIES THE NEXT LEVEL DOWN (STAIRS) IS THE LOWER PORTION OF THE STAMP BATTERIES WITH MORTAR BLOCKS AND APRONS. THE NEXT LEVEL DOWN (LOWER RIGHT) HELD CONCENTRATION (SHAKING) TABLES AND A CLASSIFIER. MOST EXTERIOR WALL COVERING, TIMBERS, AND ROOF IS MISSING FROM THE MILL. SEE CA-290-9 FOR IDENTICAL B&W NEGATIVE. - Skidoo Mine, Park Route 38 (Skidoo Road), Death Valley Junction, Inyo County, CA

Numerical simulation on behaviour of timber-concrete composite beams in fire

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Du, Hao; Hu, Xiamin; Zhang, Bing; Minli, Yao

2017-08-01

This paper established sequentially coupled thermal-mechanical models of timber--concrete composite (TCC) beams by finite element software ANSYS to investigate the fire resistance of TCC beam. Existing experimental results were used to verify the coupled thermal-mechanical model. The influencing parameters consisted of the width of timber beam, the thickness of the concrete slab and the timber board. Based on the numerical results, the effects of these parameters on fire resistance of TCC beams were investigated in detail. The results showed that modeling results agreed well with test results, and verified the reliability of the finite element model. The width of the timber beam had a significant influence on the fire resistance of TCC beams. The fire resistance of TCC beams would be enhanced by increasing the width of timber beam, the thickness of concrete slab and the timber board.

76 FR 9962 - Surety Bond Guarantee Program; Timber Sales

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-02-23

... and performance bonds for timber sale contracts awarded by the Federal Government or other public and... that the exception for timber sale contracts applies only to bid and performance bonds. Bid bonds are..., except for contracts in connection with bid and performance bonds for the sale of timber and/or other...

Aggregate Timber Supply: From the Forest to the Market

Treesearch

David N. Wear; Subhrendu K. Pattanayak

2003-01-01

Timber supply modeling is a means of formalizing the production behavior of heterogeneous landowners managing a wide variety of forest types and vintages within a region. The critical challenge of timber supply modeling is constructing theoretically valid and empirically practical aggregate descriptions of harvest behavior. Understanding timber supply is essential for...

Timber resource statistics for eastern Washington, 1995.

Treesearch

Neil McKay; Patricia M. Bassett; Colin D. MacLean

1995-01-01

This report summarizes a 1990-91 timber resource inventory of Washington east of the crest of the Cascade Range. The inventory was conducted on all private and public lands except National Forests. Timber resource statistics from National Forest inventories also are presented. Detailed tables provide estimates of forest area, timber volume, growth, mortality, and...

43 CFR 2812.0-6 - Statement of policy.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... to timber roads. (b) It is well established that the value of standing timber is determined in... road available for access to all the mature and overmature timber it could tap leads to economic waste. Blocks of timber which are insufficient in volume or value to support the construction of a duplicating...

43 CFR 2812.0-6 - Statement of policy.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... to timber roads. (b) It is well established that the value of standing timber is determined in... road available for access to all the mature and overmature timber it could tap leads to economic waste. Blocks of timber which are insufficient in volume or value to support the construction of a duplicating...

A second look a North Dakota's timber lands, 1980.

Treesearch

Pamela J. Jakes; W. Brad Smith

1982-01-01

The second inventory of North Dakota forest resources shows a decline in commercial forest area between 1954 and 1980. Presented are text and statistics on forest area and timber volume, growth, mortality, ownership, stocking, future timber supply, timber use, forest management opportunities, and nontimber forest resources. A forest type map is included.

Wisconsin's 1968 timber resource--a perspective.

Treesearch

John S. Jr. Spencer; Harry W. Thorne

1972-01-01

The third inventory of Wisconsin's timber resource shows substantial gains in growing-stock and sawtimber volumes since 1956, in spite of a small decline in area of commercial forest land. Presented are text and statistics on forest area and timber volume, growth, mortality, ownership, stocking, and use in 1968. Two 30-year projections of timber growth, removals...

36 CFR 221.3 - Disposal of national forest timber according to management plans.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 36 Parks, Forests, and Public Property 2 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Disposal of national forest timber according to management plans. 221.3 Section 221.3 Parks, Forests, and Public Property FOREST SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE TIMBER MANAGEMENT PLANNING § 221.3 Disposal of national forest timber...

An economic analysis of mine-timber marketing in West Virginia

Treesearch

Henry H. Webster

1956-01-01

Coal mines have long provided a major outlet for the timber products of West Virginia. Although the structure and operation of mine-timber markets is little understood, the efficiency of the marketing system undoubtedly affects the decisions of most of the 130,000 farm and other private timber-growing enterprises in the state.

46 CFR 42.25-20 - Computation for freeboard.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... freeboard. (a) The minimum summer freeboards must be computed in accordance with §§ 42.20-5 (a) and (b), 42... the summer timber freeboard one thirty-sixth of the molded summer timber draft. (c) The winter North...(d)(1). (d) The tropical timber freeboard shall be obtained by deducting from the summer timber...

46 CFR 42.25-20 - Computation for freeboard.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... freeboard. (a) The minimum summer freeboards must be computed in accordance with §§ 42.20-5 (a) and (b), 42... the summer timber freeboard one thirty-sixth of the molded summer timber draft. (c) The winter North...(d)(1). (d) The tropical timber freeboard shall be obtained by deducting from the summer timber...

46 CFR 42.25-20 - Computation for freeboard.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... freeboard. (a) The minimum summer freeboards must be computed in accordance with §§ 42.20-5 (a) and (b), 42... the summer timber freeboard one thirty-sixth of the molded summer timber draft. (c) The winter North...(d)(1). (d) The tropical timber freeboard shall be obtained by deducting from the summer timber...

46 CFR 42.25-20 - Computation for freeboard.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... freeboard. (a) The minimum summer freeboards must be computed in accordance with §§ 42.20-5 (a) and (b), 42... the summer timber freeboard one thirty-sixth of the molded summer timber draft. (c) The winter North...(d)(1). (d) The tropical timber freeboard shall be obtained by deducting from the summer timber...

46 CFR 42.25-20 - Computation for freeboard.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... freeboard. (a) The minimum summer freeboards must be computed in accordance with §§ 42.20-5 (a) and (b), 42... the summer timber freeboard one thirty-sixth of the molded summer timber draft. (c) The winter North...(d)(1). (d) The tropical timber freeboard shall be obtained by deducting from the summer timber...

Timber resource of Missouri's Southwest Ozarks.

Treesearch

Patrick D. Miles

1990-01-01

Timber inventory report for twelve county area in southwest Missouri. Forest land comprises approximately half the land area of these counties. Timber removals are less than half of growth. Timber volume and growth continue to increase as large areas of regenerated stands achieve sawtimber size. Highlights and statistics are presented on area, volume, growth,...

Wisconsin timber industry--an assessment of timber product output and use.

Treesearch

James E. Blyth; James W. Whipple; W. Brad Smith

1989-01-01

Discusses recent Wisconsin forest industry trends, production and receipts of pulpwood, saw logs, and veneer logs, and production of other timber products in 1986. Reports on logging residue, on timber removals, on wood and bark residue generated at primary wood-using mills, and on disposition of this mill residue.

Timber management planning with timber ram and goal programming

Treesearch

Richard C. Field

1978-01-01

By using goal programming to enhance the linear programming of Timber RAM, multiple decision criteria were incorporated in the timber management planning of a National Forest in the southeastern United States. Combining linear and goal programming capitalizes on the advantages of the two techniques and produces operationally feasible solutions. This enhancement may...

Regional cost information for private timberland conversion and management.

Treesearch

Lucas S Bair; Ralph J. Alig

2006-01-01

Cost of private timber management practices in the United States are identified, and their relationship to timber production in general is highlighted. Costs across timber-producing regions and forest types are identified by forest type and timber management practices historically applied in each region. This includes cost estimates for activities such as forest...

Opportunity costs of carbon sequestration in a forest concession in central Africa.

PubMed

Ndjondo, Michel; Gourlet-Fleury, Sylvie; Manlay, Raphaël J; Engone Obiang, Nestor Laurier; Ngomanda, Alfred; Romero, Claudia; Claeys, Florian; Picard, Nicolas

2014-12-01

A large proportion of the tropical rain forests of central Africa undergo periodic selective logging for timber harvesting. The REDD+ mechanism could promote less intensive logging if revenue from the additional carbon stored in the forest compensates financially for the reduced timber yield. Carbon stocks, and timber yields, and their associated values, were predicted at the scale of a forest concession in Gabon over a project scenario of 40 yr with reduced logging intensity. Considering that the timber contribution margin (i.e. the selling price of timber minus its production costs) varies between 10 and US$40 m -3 , the minimum price of carbon that enables carbon revenues to compensate forgone timber benefits ranges between US$4.4 and US$25.9/tCO 2 depending on the management scenario implemented. Where multiple suppliers of emission reductions compete in a REDD+ carbon market, tropical timber companies are likely to change their management practices only if very favourable conditions are met, namely if the timber contribution margin remains low enough and if alternative management practices and associated incentives are appropriately chosen.

Forest lepidopteran communities are more resilient to shelterwood harvests compared to more intensive logging regimes.

PubMed

Summerville, Keith S

2013-07-01

A common measure of ecosystem resilience is the time course to recovery for a system that has been previously disturbed. The goal of this study was to assess whether forest lepidopteran communities displayed three different forms of resilience following experimental timber harvest. Specifically, I examined whether moth species assemblages returned to pre-logging composition (compositional resilience), species richness (structural resilience), and guild diversity (functional resilience) after forest management. Lepidoptera were sampled from 16 forest stands managed with one of four harvest treatments: no logging, clear-cutting, shelterwood harvests, and group selection harvests. Moths were sampled from all forest stands one year prior to harvest in 2007 and immediately postharvest in 2009-2011. Moth community composition only appeared to be resilient to timber harvest in stands managed with shelterwood methods (15% biomass removed) or in the unlogged stands within managed concession units. Both total species richness and species richness of Quercus-feeding moths also appeared to recover to a near original condition three years post-shelterwood logging. In contrast, moth assemblages in clear-cut stands and group selection stands (80% biomass removed) remained impoverished. Tests of functional resilience suggested that richness of species known to be pollinators was largely unaffected by timber management, and the number of moth species known to feed on herbaceous vegetation doubled in stands logged using group selection methods. Dietary specialists were disproportionately abundant in the unlogged stands postharvest, suggesting that species with more narrow dietary niches have the lowest resilience to timber management. These results suggest that most methods of forest management have short-term negative impacts on woody-plant-feeding Lepidoptera, but that the effects are limited to a few years when the harvest method involves shelterwood cuts. Herbaceous-feeding Lepidoptera appear to quickly colonize stands managed with group selection or clear-cutting, so loss of species richness in stands managed with either of these treatments may be less than predicted based on level of timber being removed. Recovery of moth assemblages in more highly disturbed stands will require longer time periods and techniques such as group selection harvests, where upwards of 80% of the standing bole is removed, may not be consistent with conservation goals.

GPR technique as a tool for decision-making regarding timber beam inner reinforcement: The Lonja de la Seda de Valencia, Spain

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

García, Francisco; Ramirez, Manuel; Benlloch, Javier; Valls, Ana

2015-04-01

This paper describes the decision-making process for the timber beam inner reinforcement of the building The Lonja de la Seda de Valencia (15th c.), Spain. This research was based on the study of 13 timber beams for their diagnosis and the characterization before decision-making in structural reinforcement. For this purpose, we integrated the results of analysis of historical documentation, in situ visual inspection and ground penetrating radar (GPR). The rehabilitation project considered the substitution of the upper-storey floor (The Consulate of the Sea Hall) for another one that complied with the original. This room was closed due to the instability of the timber beams. For the flooring renovation it was necessary to increase the rigidity of the timber floor framing. Preliminary conclusions, which derived from the historical documentation and in situ visual inspection of the timber coffered ceiling were: (a) timber beams supported inside masonry walls could suffer moisture and xylophage attacks, (b) timber beams were significantly damaged (splits, ring shakes, failure of beam section that reduced its bearing capacity), (c) substantial timber beam warping. So the main objectives of this GPR study were: to detect splits, to identify failure of section due to biological attacks, to pinpoint epoxy resin reconstructions and to assess the severity of the damages observed on surface. A GPR survey was carried out in timber coffered-ceiling beams of The Consulate of the Sea Hall. Radar measurements were carried out using a SIR-10H system (GSSI) and a 1.6 GHz ground coupled antenna, due to the timber beam dimensions (0.45 x 0.45 x 8.75 m. A total of 37 longitudinal profiles were collected in the centre of all the beam accessible sides. After radragram processing steps, a number of anomalies were detected in the records, which were analysed. The outcomes derived from this GPR study were taken into account when it came to make decisions in the final restoration project of the timber coffered ceiling elements: timber beams, wooden latticework and floor. The results obtained in this survey are a good example of GPR application in Civil Engineering for timber beam inner reinforcement of a building, establishing technical criteria.

ARC-2008-ACD08-0200-075

NASA Image and Video Library

2008-09-11

September 11th remembrance ceremony held in front of NASA Research Park Bldg-17 (Lunar Science Institute) hosted by the American Legion, Post 881, Moffett Field. Welcome by Moffett Field Post Commander Carolann Wunderlin.

ARC-2008-ACD08-0200-003

NASA Image and Video Library

2008-09-11

September 11th remembrance ceremony held in front of NASA Research Park Bldg-17 (Lunar Science Institute) hosted by the American Legion, Post 881, Moffett Field. Welcome by Moffett Field Post Commander Carolann Wunderlin.

Minnesota forest statistics, 1977.

Treesearch

Pamela J. Jakes

1980-01-01

Presents highlights and statistics from the Fourth Minnesota Forest Inventory. Includes detailed tables of forest area, timber volume, net annual growth, timber removals, mortality, and timber products output.

31 CFR 593.510 - Transactions related to the importation of any round log or timber product originating in Liberia...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... importation of any round log or timber product originating in Liberia authorized. 593.510 Section 593.510... importation of any round log or timber product originating in Liberia authorized. Except as otherwise... into the United States of any round log or timber product originating in Liberia are authorized. ...

Forensic timber identification: It's time to integrate disciplines to combat illegal logging

Treesearch

Eleanor E. Dormontt; Markus Boner; Birgit Braun; Gerhard Breulmann; Bernd Degen; Edgard Espinoza; Shelley Gardner; Phil Guillery; John C. Hermanson; Gerald Koch; Soon Leong Lee; Milton Kanashiro; Anto Rimbawanto; Darren Thomas; Alex C. Wiedenhoeft; Yafang Yin; Johannes Zahnen; Andrew J. Lowe

2015-01-01

The prosecution of illegal logging crimes is hampered by a lack of available forensic timber identification tools, both for screening of suspectmaterial and definitive identification of illegally sourcedwood. Reputable timber traders are also struggling to police their own supply chains and comply with the growing requirement for due diligence with respect to timber...

Fiber stress values for design of glulam timber utility structures

Treesearch

R. Hernandez; R. C. Moody; R. H. Falk

In this study, we developed a simple equation to calculate average fiber stress values for design of glued-laminated (glulam) timber utility structures as a function of design bending stress. We took design stress in bending values specified by the American Institute of Timber Construction (AITC) for various combinations of glulam timber, applied appropriate end-use...

Pennsylvania timber industries - a periodic assessment of timber output

Treesearch

James T. Bones; John K., Jr. Sherwood

1978-01-01

A periodic evaluation of statewide industrial timber output based on a survey of the primary wood-manufacturing plants in Pennsylvania. Contains statistics on the industrial timber harvest and plant wood-receipts in 1976, and the production and disposition of the manufacturing residues that resulted. The 166 million cubic feet of industrial wood produced in 1976...

The aggregate timberland assessment system—ATLAS: a comprehensive timber projection model.

Treesearch

J.R. Mills; J.C. Kincaid

1992-01-01

The aggregate timberland assessment system is a time-based deterministic timber projection model. It was developed by the USDA Forest Service to address broad policy questions related to future timber supplies for the 1989 Renewable Resources Planning Act timber assessment. An open framework design allows for customizing inputs to account for regional and subregional...

SPATS: a model for projecting softwood timber inventories in the Southern United States.

Treesearch

David J. Brooks

1987-01-01

The yield-table projection method for modeling the development of regional timber inventories is outlined, and its application to softwood timber types in the Southern United States is described. Problems of simulating forest management practices and natural succession are discussed. A computer model that projects softwood timber inventories using yield-table...

Substitution and the USDA Forest Service log export restrictions.

Treesearch

Gary R. Lindell

1980-01-01

With some exceptions, the substitution of national forest timber for exported private timber is forbidden by regulations. Certain firms may use a limited amount of national forest timber as replacement for exported private timber, however, in accordance with their pattern of purchases and exports from 1971 through 1973. About 359 million board feet of national forest...

The 2005 RPA timber assessment update.

Treesearch

Richard W. Haynes; Darius M. Adams; Ralph J. Alig; Peter J. Ince; John R. Mills; Xiaoping. Zhou

2007-01-01

This update reports changes in the Nation's timber resource since the Analysis of the Timber Situation in the United States was completed in 2003. Prospective trends in demands for and supplies of timber, and the factors that affect these trends are examined. These trends include changes in the U.S. economy, increased salvage of British Columbia beetle-killed...

43 CFR 5511.1-1 - Free use of timber on mineral and nonmineral public lands.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 43 Public Lands: Interior 2 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Free use of timber on mineral and... Lands (Continued) BUREAU OF LAND MANAGEMENT, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR FOREST MANAGEMENT (5000) FREE USE OF TIMBER Free Use Regulations § 5511.1-1 Free use of timber on mineral and nonmineral public...

43 CFR 5511.1-1 - Free use of timber on mineral and nonmineral public lands.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 43 Public Lands: Interior 2 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Free use of timber on mineral and... Lands (Continued) BUREAU OF LAND MANAGEMENT, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR FOREST MANAGEMENT (5000) FREE USE OF TIMBER Free Use Regulations § 5511.1-1 Free use of timber on mineral and nonmineral public...

43 CFR 5511.1-1 - Free use of timber on mineral and nonmineral public lands.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 43 Public Lands: Interior 2 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Free use of timber on mineral and... Lands (Continued) BUREAU OF LAND MANAGEMENT, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR FOREST MANAGEMENT (5000) FREE USE OF TIMBER Free Use Regulations § 5511.1-1 Free use of timber on mineral and nonmineral public...

Ohio timber industries - a periodic assessment of timber output

Treesearch

Robert L., Jr. Nevel; Robert B. Redett

1980-01-01

A periodic evaluation of industrial timber output in Ohio based on a statewide survey of the primary wood manufacturing plants. Contains statistics on the industrial timber harvest and plant wood receipts in 1978, and the production and disposition of the manufacturing residues that resulted. The 74 million cubic feet (ft³) or 2.2 million cubic meters (m...

7. VIEW OF TRICOMPOSITE ROOF STRUCTURE. TOP CHORDS ARE TIMBER. ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

7. VIEW OF TRICOMPOSITE ROOF STRUCTURE. TOP CHORDS ARE TIMBER. TENSION RODS (THIN METAL RODS EXTENDING DIAGONALLY FROM THE HORIZONTAL TIMBER BRACE) ARE WROUGHT IRON. SOLID CRUCIFORM SHAPED COMPRESSION MEMBERS EXTENDING DOWNWARD FROM THE TIMBER TOP CHORD ARE MADE OF CAST IRON - North Central Railroad, Baltimore Freight House, Guilford & Centre Streets, Baltimore, Independent City, MD

36 CFR 223.14 - Where timber may be cut.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 36 Parks, Forests, and Public Property 2 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Where timber may be cut. 223... AND DISPOSAL OF NATIONAL FOREST SYSTEM TIMBER General Provisions § 223.14 Where timber may be cut. (a) The cutting of trees, portions of trees or other forest products may be authorized on any National...

The Southern Timber Market to 2040

Treesearch

Jeffrey P. Prestemon; Robert C. Abt

2002-01-01

Timber market analysis of the South's predominantly private timberland finds that the 13 southern states produce nearly 60 percent of the nation's timber, an increase from the mid-1900s. Projections with the Subregional Timber Supply model show that, despite a 67 percent increase in the area of pine plantations, the South will experience a 2 percent decline...

31 CFR 593.205 - Prohibition on the importation of any round log or timber product originating in Liberia.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... round log or timber product originating in Liberia. 593.205 Section 593.205 Money and Finance: Treasury... on the importation of any round log or timber product originating in Liberia. Except as otherwise... section, the importation into the United States, directly or indirectly, of any round log or timber...

31 CFR 593.205 - Prohibition on the importation of any round log or timber product originating in Liberia.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... round log or timber product originating in Liberia. 593.205 Section 593.205 Money and Finance: Treasury... on the importation of any round log or timber product originating in Liberia. Except as otherwise... section, the importation into the United States, directly or indirectly, of any round log or timber...

31 CFR 593.205 - Prohibition on the importation of any round log or timber product originating in Liberia.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... round log or timber product originating in Liberia. 593.205 Section 593.205 Money and Finance: Treasury... on the importation of any round log or timber product originating in Liberia. Except as otherwise... section, the importation into the United States, directly or indirectly, of any round log or timber...

31 CFR 593.205 - Prohibition on the importation of any round log or timber product originating in Liberia.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... round log or timber product originating in Liberia. 593.205 Section 593.205 Money and Finance: Treasury... on the importation of any round log or timber product originating in Liberia. Except as otherwise... section, the importation into the United States, directly or indirectly, of any round log or timber...

31 CFR 593.510 - Transactions related to the importation of any round log or timber product originating in Liberia...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... importation of any round log or timber product originating in Liberia authorized. 593.510 Section 593.510... importation of any round log or timber product originating in Liberia authorized. Except as otherwise... into the United States of any round log or timber product originating in Liberia are authorized. ...

Trends in Timber Use and Product Recovery in New York

Treesearch

Eric H. Wharton; Thomas W. Birch; Thomas W. Birch

1999-01-01

High demand for a variety of timber products from New York's forests has stimulated increased timber utilization and product recovery. Utilization studies in New York suggest that the recovery of timber has improved over the years. Although current methods of multiproduct harvesting have improved recovery of residual material, an estimated 38.6 million cubic feet...

Missouri timber industry - an assessment of timber product output and use, 2003

Treesearch

Thomas B. Treiman; Ronald J. Piva

2005-01-01

Discusses recent Missouri forest industry trends; production and receipts of industrial roundwood; and production of saw logs, veneer logs, pulpwood, cooperage, and other timber products in 2003. Reports on logging residue generated from timber harvest operations. Also reports on wood and bark residue generated at primary wood-using mills and on disposition of mill...

Missouri timber industry--an assessment of timber product output and use, 2000.

Treesearch

Ronald J. Piva; Thomas B. Treiman

2003-01-01

Discusses recent Missouri forest industry trends; production and receipts of industrial roundwood; and production of saw logs, veneer logs, pulpwood, cooperage, and other timber products in 2000. Reports in logging residue generated from other timber harvest operations. Also reports on wood and bark residue generated at primary wood-using mills and on disposition of...

Alternative silvicultural practices in Appalachian forest ecosystems: implications for species diversity, ecosystem resilience, and commercial timber production

Treesearch

Thomas R. Fox; Carola A. Haas; David W. Smith; David L. Loftis; Shepard M. Zedaker; Robert H. Jones; A.L. Hammett

2007-01-01

Increasing demands for timber and non-timber forest products often conflict with demands to maintain biodiversity and ecosystem processes. To examine tradeoffs between these goals, we implemented six alternative management systems using a stand-level, replicated experiment. The treatments included four silvicultural regeneration methods designed to sustain timber...

Impacts on South Carolina timber production over the last five decades.

Treesearch

Jinglong Mo; Thomas Straka; Richard Harper

2013-01-01

Timberland ownership patterns and national forest timber harvesting policy have undergone significant changes in South Carolina over the past five decades. Timber output studies for the state commonly focused on short time frames and seldom addressed timberland ownership patterns in detail. We describe fifty-year timber output for South Carolina, allowing us to address...

Tongass National Forest timber demand: projections for 2015 to 2030

Treesearch

Jean M. Daniels; Michael D. Paruszkiewicz; Susan J. Alexander

2016-01-01

Projections of Alaska timber products output; the derived demand for logs, lumber, residues, and niche products; and timber harvest by owner were developed using a trend-based analysis. This is the fifth such analysis performed since 1990 to assist planners in meeting statutory requirements for estimating planning-cycle demand for timber from the Tongass National...

Michigan timber industry: An assessment of timber product output and use, 2004

Treesearch

David E. Haugen; Anthony K. Weatherspoon

2010-01-01

Reports forest-industry trends, production and receipts of industrial roundwood, and production of saw logs, veneer logs, excelsior/shavings, and other products for Michigan's timber industry in 2004. Also reports logging residue generated from timber harvest operations in Michigan as well as the generation and disposition of wood and bark residue generated by...

Georgia's timber, 1972

Treesearch

Herbert A. Knight; Joe P. McClure

1974-01-01

The fourth survey of Georgia's timber resource, completed in November 1972, shows improved timber supplies across most of the State since 1961. Inventory volume increased from 19.6 to 25.3 billion cubic feet, or by 29 percent. A group of counties south of the Altamaha river in Southeast Georgia was the only extensive area which experienced a reduction in timber...

Recommendations for sustainable development of non-timber forest products

Treesearch

Gina H. Mohammed

2001-01-01

Non-timber forest products--or NTFPs--are considered here to be botanical products harvested or originating from forest-based species, but excluding primary timber products, industrial boards and composites, and paper products. A recent study of non-timber forest products in Ontario, Canada, identified at least 50 types of NTFPs and hundreds of specific products used...

Timber resource statistics for timberland outside National Forests in eastern Oregon.

Treesearch

Neil McKay; Gary J. Lettman; Mary A. Mei

1994-01-01

This report summarizes a 1992 timber resource inventory Of timberland outside National Forests in eastern Oregon. The report presents statistical tables of timberland area, timber volume, growth, mortality, and harvest. It also displays tables of revised 1986-87 timber resource statistics for timberland outside National Forests; the 1992 and 1986-87 tables may be...

An Analysis of the Load-Bearing Capacity of Timber-Concrete Composite Beams with Profiled Sheeting

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Szumigała, Maciej; Szumigała, Ewa; Polus, Łukasz

2017-12-01

This paper presents an analysis of timber-concrete composite beams. Said composite beams consist of rectangular timber beams and concrete slabs poured into the steel sheeting. The concrete slab is connected with the timber beam using special shear connectors. The authors of this article are trying to patent these connectors. The article contains results from a numerical analysis. It is demonstrated that the type of steel sheeting used as a lost formwork has an influence on the load-bearing capacity and stiffness of the timber-concrete composite beams.

Below-cost timber sales and the political marketplace

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Cortner, Hanna J.; Schweitzer, Dennis L.

1993-01-01

Political pressures exist to increase the economic efficiency of timber management and production on the national forests managed by the USDA Forest Service. There is growing belief both outside and within the Forest Service that current levels of timber production, and most particularly uneconomic timber production, should be reduced. Many argue that eliminating uneconomic timber management programs will both save money and reduce environmental degradation. This article traces the political evolution of the focus on economic efficiency in timber production and explores the political-institutional factors that are shaping the current policy debate. The below-cost issue is less about economic efficiency than it is about political advantage and alternative political visions of the societal role of the nation's national forests now and in the future.

Avian response to timber harvesting applied experimentally to manage Cerulean Warbler breeding populations

USGS Publications Warehouse

Sheehan, James; Wood, Petra Bohall; Buehler, David A.; Keyser, Patrick D.; Larkin, Jeffrey L.; Rodewald, Amanda D.; Wigley, T. Bently; Boves, Than J.; George, Gregory A.; Bakermans, Marja H.; Beachy, Tiffany A.; Evans, Andrea; McDermott, Molly E.; Newell, Felicity L.; Perkins, Kelly A.; White, Matthew

2014-01-01

Timber harvesting has been proposed as a management tool to enhance breeding habitat for the Cerulean Warbler (Setophaga cerulea), a declining Neotropical–Nearctic migratory songbird that nests in the canopy of mature eastern deciduous forests. To evaluate how this single-species management focus might fit within an ecologically based management approach for multiple forest birds, we performed a manipulative experiment using four treatments (three intensities of timber harvests and an unharvested control) at each of seven study areas within the core Cerulean Warbler breeding range. We collected pre-harvest (one year) and post-harvest (four years) data on the territory density of Cerulean Warblers and six additional focal species, avian community relative abundance, and several key habitat variables. We evaluated the avian and habitat responses across the 3–32 m2 ha−1 residual basal area (RBA) range of the treatments. Cerulean Warbler territory density peaked with medium RBA (∼16 m2 ha−1). In contrast, territory densities of the other focal species were negatively related to RBA (e.g., Hooded Warbler [Setophaga citrina]), were positively related to RBA (e.g., Ovenbird [Seiurus aurocapilla]), or were not sensitive to this measure (Scarlet Tanager [Piranga olivacea]). Some species (e.g., Hooded Warbler) increased with time post-treatment and were likely tied to a developing understory, whereas declines (e.g., Ovenbird) were immediate. Relative abundance responses of additional species were consistent with the territory density responses of the focal species. Across the RBA gradient, greatest separation in the avian community was between early successional forest species (e.g., Yellow-breasted Chat [Icteria virens]) and closed-canopy mature forest species (e.g., Ovenbird), with the Cerulean Warbler and other species located intermediate to these two extremes. Overall, our results suggest that harvests within 10–20 m2 ha−1 RBA yield the largest increases in Cerulean Warblers, benefit additional disturbance-dependent species, and may retain closed-canopy species but at reduced levels. Harvests outside the optimum RBA range for Cerulean Warblers can support bird assemblages specifically associated with early or late (closed-canopy) successional stages.

Development of a six-year research needs assessment for timber transportation structures

Treesearch

Terry J. Wipf; Michael A. Ritter; Sheila Rimal Duwadi; Russell C. Moody

1993-01-01

A timber bridge, once a thing of the past, is now becoming a thing of the present. Interest in timber bridges and other transportation structures has been rapidly increasing. Much of this is due to new technologies in design and construction as well as advances in material manufacturing and presevative treatments. Although timber bridges and other transportation...

South Dakota timber industry--an assessment of timber product output and use, 2004

Treesearch

Ronald J. Piva; Gregory J. Josten; Richard D. Mayko

2006-01-01

Discusses recent South Dakota forest industry trends; production and receipts of industrial roundwood; production of saw logs in 2004; and compares 2004 production and receipts with the results of the 1999 timber product output study. Reports on logging residue generated from timber harvest operations. Also reports on wood and bark residue generated at primary wood-...

Guidelines for design, installation, and maintenance of a waterproof wearing surface for timber bridge decks

Treesearch

Richard E. Weyers; Joseph R. Loferski; J. Daniel Dolan; John E. Haramis; Joseph H. Howard; Lola Hislop

2001-01-01

To enhance long-term timber bridge performance, timber material must be protected from moisture. Wearing surfaces made of asphalt pavement with and without a waterproof membrane have been used to provide protection from moisture on timber decks. This type of wearing surface also protects the deck from other damage while providing a smooth, skid-resistant surface....

How might FIA deliver more information on status and trends of non-timber forest products?

Treesearch

Stephen P. Prisley

2015-01-01

Data from the Forest Inventory and Analysis program (including the Timber Products Output portion) are critical for assessing the sustainability of US timber production. Private sector users of this information rely on it for strategic planning, and their strong support of the FIA program has helped to ensure funding and program viability. Non-timber forest products...

The timber industries of New Hampshire and Vermont: a periodic assessment of timber output

Treesearch

Robert L., Jr. Nevel; Nicolas Engalichev; William C. Gove

1986-01-01

This periodic evaluation of statewide industrial timber output is based on canvasses of the primary wood manufacturing plants in New Hampshire and Vermont. The report contains statistics on industrial timber products and plant wood receipts in 1982, and the production and disposition of the manufacturing plant residues that resulted. The 129.4 million cubic feet (3.7...

Maine timber industries - a periodic assessment of timber output

Treesearch

Robert L., Jr. Nevel; Peter R. Lammert; Richard H. Widmann

1985-01-01

This periodic evaluation of statewide industrial timber output is based on a survey of the primary wood manufacturing plants located in Maine in 1981. It contains statistics on industrial timber harvest and plant wood reciepts and on the production and disposition of the manufacturing residues for the year. The 438.7 million ft? (12.4 million m?) of industrial...

California’s forest products industry and timber harvest, 2006

Treesearch

Todd A. Morgan; Jason P. Brandt; Kathleen E. Songster; Charles E. Keegan; Glenn A. Christensen

2012-01-01

This report traces the flow of California’s 2006 timber harvest through the primary wood products industry (i.e., firms that process timber into manufactured products such as lumber, as well as facilities such as pulp mills and particleboard plants, which use the wood fiber or mill residue directly from timber processors) and provides a description of the structure,...

The 1993 timber assessment market model: structure, projections, and policy simulations.

Treesearch

Darius M. Adams; Richard W. Haynes

1996-01-01

The 1993 timber assessment market model (TAMM) is a spatial model of the solidwood and timber inventory elements of the U.S. forest products sector. The TAMM model provides annual projections of volumes and prices in the solidwood products and sawtimber stumpage markets and estimates of total timber harvest and inventory by geographic region for periods of up to 50...

An analysis of the timber situation in the United States: 1952 to 2050.

Treesearch

Richard W. Haynes

2003-01-01

For more than a century, national assessments of supply and demand trends for timber have helped shape perceptions of future commodity consumption and resource trends. These perceptions have guided forest policy. Since 1952, U.S. timber harvest has risen by nearly 67 percent, accompanied by growing timber inventories on both public and private lands, but there has been...

43 CFR 5511.1-1 - Free use of timber on mineral and nonmineral public lands.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 43 Public Lands: Interior 2 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Free use of timber on mineral and... USE OF TIMBER Free Use Regulations § 5511.1-1 Free use of timber on mineral and nonmineral public... public lands as follows: (1) Mineral lands, unoccupied and unreserved and not subject to entry under...

Timber resource statistics of the northern interior resource area of California.

Treesearch

Perry Colclasure; Joel Moen; Charles L. Bolsinger

1986-01-01

This report is one of five that provide timber resource statistics for 57 of the 58 counties in California (San Francisco is excluded). This report presents statistics from a 1981-84 inventory of the timber resources of Lassen, Modoc, Shasta, Siskiyou, and Trinity Counties. Tables presented are of forest area and of timber volume, growth, and mortality. Timberland area...

Timber resource statistics of the north coast resource area of California.

Treesearch

J.D. Lloyd; Joel Moen; Charles L. Bolsinger

1986-01-01

This report is one of five that provide timber resource statistics for 57 of the 58 counties in California (San Francisco is excluded). This report presents statistics from a 1981-84 inventory of the timber resources of Del Norte, Humboldt, Mendocino, and Sonoma Counties. Tables presented are of forest area and of timber volume, growth, and mortality. The north coast...

Photographic technology development project: Timber typing in the Tahoe Basin using high altitude panoramic photography

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Ward, J. F.

1981-01-01

Procedures were developed and tested for using KA-80A optical bar camera panoramic photography for timber typing forest land and classifying nonforest land. The study area was the south half of the Lake Tahoe Basin Management Unit. Final products from this study include four timber type map overlays on 1:24,000 orthophoto maps. The following conclusions can be drawn from this study: (1) established conventional timber typing procedures can be used on panoramic photography if the necessary equipment is available, (2) The classification and consistency results warrant further study in using panoramic photography for timber typing; and (3) timber type mapping can be done as fast or faster with panoramic photography than with resource photography while maintaining comparable accuracy.

Emissions from prescribed burning of timber slash piles in Oregon

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Aurell, Johanna; Gullett, Brian K.; Tabor, Dennis; Yonker, Nick

2017-02-01

Emissions from burning piles of post-harvest timber slash (Douglas-fir) in Grande Ronde, Oregon were sampled using an instrument platform lofted into the plume using a tether-controlled aerostat or balloon. Emissions of carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, methane, particulate matter (PM2.5), black carbon, ultraviolet absorbing PM, elemental/organic carbon, filter-based metals, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polychlorinated dibenzodioxins/dibenzofurans (PCDD/PCDF), and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were sampled to determine emission factors, the amount of pollutant formed per amount of biomass burned. The effect on emissions from covering the piles with polyethylene (PE) sheets to prevent fuel wetting versus uncovered piles was also determined. Results showed that the uncovered ("wet") piles burned with lower combustion efficiency and higher emission factors for VOCs, PM2.5, PCDD/PCDF, and PAHs. Removal of the PE prior to ignition, variation of PE size, and changing PE thickness resulted in no statistical distinction between emissions. Results suggest that dry piles, whether covered with PE or not, exhibited statistically significant lower emissions than wet piles due to better combustion efficiency.

The image of mathematics held by Irish post-primary students

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lane, Ciara; Stynes, Martin; O'Donoghue, John

2014-08-01

The image of mathematics held by Irish post-primary students was examined and a model for the image found was constructed. Initially, a definition for 'image of mathematics' was adopted with image of mathematics hypothesized as comprising attitudes, beliefs, self-concept, motivation, emotions and past experiences of mathematics. Research focused on students studying ordinary level mathematics for the Irish Leaving Certificate examination - the final examination for students in second-level or post-primary education. Students were aged between 15 and 18 years. A questionnaire was constructed with both quantitative and qualitative aspects. The questionnaire survey was completed by 356 post-primary students. Responses were analysed quantitatively using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) and qualitatively using the constant comparative method of analysis and by reviewing individual responses. Findings provide an insight into Irish post-primary students' images of mathematics and offer a means for constructing a theoretical model of image of mathematics which could be beneficial for future research.

Timber Volume in Indiana, 1967.

Treesearch

Arnold J. Ostrom

1969-01-01

The recently completed Second Forest Survey of Indiana shows that the State's timber volume has increased by one-fourth in the 17 years since the previous survey. Timber volume by county is presented.

Timber products output and timber harvests in Alaska: projections for 2005-25

Treesearch

A. Brackley; T. Rojas; R. Haynes

2006-01-01

Projections of Alaska timber products output, the derived demand for logs and chips, and timber harvest by owner are developed by using a trend-based analysis. These are revised projections of those made in 1990, 1994, and 1997, and reflect the consequences of recent changes in the Alaska forest sector and trends in markets for Alaska products. With the cancellation of...

Timber resource statistics for the Upper Yukon inventory unit, Alaska, 1980.

Treesearch

Willem W.S. van Hees

1987-01-01

The 1980 inventory of the forest resources of the Upper Yukon unit was designed to produce inventory estimates of timberland area, volume of timber, and volumes of timber growth and mortality. Timberland area is estimated at 742,000 acres. Cubic-foot volume on all timberland is estimated at 475 million cubic feet. Timber growth and mortality are estimated at -615,000...

Federal timber restrictions, interregional spillovers, and the impact on US softwood markets

Treesearch

David N. Wear; Brian C. Murray

2004-01-01

An econometric model of the US softwood lumber and timber markets is estimated and used to simulate the price, trade, and welfare effects of reductions in federal timber sales in the western US commencing in the late 1980s. Results indicate that the timber sale reductions increased lumber prices by roughly 15 percent in the mid-1990s. Lumber consumers were the...

1966 Oregon timber harvest.

Treesearch

Brian R. Wall

1967-01-01

The 1966 Oregon timber harvest totaled 8.9 billion board feet, 5 percent less than the harvest in 1965. During 1966, the total public timber harvest declined 10 percent to 4.8 billion board feet. The uncut volume of public timber under contract at the end of 1966 was 7.6 billion board feet, up 1.3 billion board feet from 1965's year end total. National Forest...

Review of alternative measures of softwood sawtimber prices in the United States

Treesearch

Henry Spelter

2005-01-01

This study compares prices from various timber market reports and an estimate of timber value derived from product-selling prices and manufacturing costs. In the South, two primary sources of timber price information are Forest2Market (F2M) and Timber Mart-South (TMS). Comparisons showed that F2M prices are generally higher than TMS prices for both stumpage and...

Condition Assessment of Iowa Timber Bridges Using Advanced Inspection Tools

Treesearch

Travis Hosteng; James Wacker; Brent Phares

2013-01-01

This paper reports the results of a study undertaken to assess the condition of timber bridges in the state of Iowa. This study was carried out as part of an overall national study spearheaded by the Forest Products Laboratory and FHWA to investigate the field performance of timber bridges throughout the United States. In the U.S., Iowa has the most timber bridge...

Field investigation of a 100-year-old timber crib foundation at a historic copper mine

Treesearch

James Wacker; Xiping Wang; Douglas R. Rammer

2010-01-01

In June 2009, the authors conducted a comprehensive on-site evaluation of the timber crib foundation at Alaska’s Historic Kennecott Mine Concentration Mill Building. The primary goal of the 6-day inspection was to assess the physical conditions of the existing timber crib foundation and identify timber members and areas that have structural deficiencies. The inspection...

Assessing the Non-Timber Value of Forests: A Revealed-Preference, Hedonic Model

Treesearch

Riccardo Scarpa; Joseph Buongiorno; Jiin-Shyang Hseu; Karen Lee Abt

2000-01-01

Based on revealed preference theory, the value of non-timber goods and services obtained by forest owners, private or public, should be at least equal to the difference between the value of what they could have cut had they tried to maximize timber revenues, and of what they actually cut. This definition was applied to estimate the non-timber value (NTV) of...

Timber products output and timber harvests in Alaska: projections for 1997-2010.

Treesearch

David J. Brooks; Richard W. Haynes

1997-01-01

Projections of Alaska timber products output, the derived demand for raw material, and timber harvest by owner are developed from a trend-based analysis. These projections are revisions of projections made in 1990 and again in 1994, and reflect the consequences of recent changes in the Alaska forest sector and long-term trends in markets for Alaska products. With the...

Markets, Government Policy, and China’s Timber Supply

Treesearch

Han Zhang; Joseph Buongiorno

2012-01-01

China’s domestic demand and exports of wood products are rising rapidly compared to domestic supply. The determinants of timber supply in China were investigated with panel data from 25 provinces from 1999 to 2009. The results indicated that China’s timber supply had responded to both market forces, reflected by timber prices largely determined by world demand and...

Oregon's forest products industry and timber harvest, 2003.

Treesearch

Jason P. Brandt; Todd A. Morgan; Thale Dillon; Gary J. Lettman; Charles E. Keegan; David L. Azuma

2006-01-01

This Report traces the flow of Oregon’s 2003 timber harvest through the primary timber-processing industry and describes its structure, operations and condition. Pulp and board, lumber, and plywood and veer sectors accounted for 96 percent of total industry sales of $6.7 billion. Oregon’s 2003 timber harvest of just over 4 billion board feet was 95 percent softwood...

Using TPO data to estimate timber demand in support of planning on the Tongass National Forest

Treesearch

Jean M. Daniels; Michael D. Paruszkiewicz; Susan J. Alexander

2015-01-01

Projections of Alaska timber products output, the derived demand for logs, lumber, residues, and niche products, and timber harvest by owner are developed by using a trend-based analysis. This is the fifth such analysis performed since 1990 to assist planners in meeting statutory requirements for estimating planning cycle demand for timber from the Tongass National...

Timber sale value as a function of sale characteristics and number of bidders

Treesearch

Paul E. Sendak; Paul E. Sendak

1991-01-01

Examines the effect of sale characteristics and number of bidders on sale value for timber sold by sealed-bid auction on the Green Mountain National Forest in Vermont. As anticipated from theory and previous empirical studies, increasing the number of bidders tended to increase the winning-bid value for the timber auctions studied. Efforts made to ensure that a timber...

The Timber Resource in Maryland

Treesearch

Northeastern Forest Experiment Station

1955-01-01

This is a report on the findings of the forest survey made in Maryland as part of the nationwide forest survey that is being carried on by the Forest Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture. It shows the area and condition of the forest land, the volume and quality of the standing timber, the rates of timber growth and mortality, and the extent of timber cutting for...

1966 Washington timber harvest.

Treesearch

Brian R. Wall

1967-01-01

The 1966 Washington timber harvest of 6.1 billion board feet was 6.8 percent below the 1965 level. This was the first decline since 1961. In part, the lower harvest in 1966 was due to completion of salvage logging of the 1962 blowdown. The volume of dead timber salvaged in 1966 was only 6 percent of the total, compared with 15 percent in 1965. The live timber harvest...

78 FR 51821 - Sentencing Guidelines for United States Courts

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-08-21

... inserting ``However, the Supreme Court has held that the ex post facto clause applies to sentencing.... Ct. 2072, 2078 (2013) (holding that 'there is an ex post facto violation when a defendant is... ex post facto clause, in which case the court shall apply the Guidelines Manual in effect on the date...

Timber Creek bunkhouse and mess hall, Rocky Mountain National Park. ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

Timber Creek bunkhouse and mess hall, Rocky Mountain National Park. Interior, kitchen and dining area, viewing north. - Timber Creek Bunkhouse & Mess Hall, Trail Ridge Road, Grand Lake, Grand County, CO

36 CFR 223.52 - Market-related contract term additions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... AGRICULTURE SALE AND DISPOSAL OF NATIONAL FOREST SYSTEM TIMBER Timber Sale Contracts Contract Conditions and... to rapid deterioration, timber is in a wildland-urban interface area, or hazard trees adjacent to...

Timber resource statistics for southwest Washington.

Treesearch

Patricia M. Bassett; Daniel D. Oswald

1981-01-01

This report summarizes a 1978 timber-resource inventory of six counties in southwest Washington: Clark, Cowlitz, Lewis, Pacific, Skamania, and Wahkiakum. Detailed tables of forest area, timber volume, growth, mortality, and harvest are presented.

Preliminary timber resource statistics for southwest Washington.

Treesearch

Colin D. MacLean; Janet L. Ohmann; Patricia M. Bassett

1991-01-01

This report summarizes a 1988 timber inventory of six counties in southwest Washington: Clark, Cowlitz, Lewis, Pacific, Skamania, and Wahkiakum. Detailed tables of forest area, timber volume, growth, mortality, and harvest are presented.

32 CFR 644.504 - Disposal plan for timber.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... disposal plan will be prepared which will include the following: (a) Live timber and merchantable dead... feet in log scale measurement; linear estimates of pole timber, and amount of cord wood. The appraiser...

Ranking independent timber investments by alternative investment criteria

Treesearch

Thomas J. Mills; Gary E. Dixon

1982-01-01

A sample of 231 independent timber investments were ranked by internal rate of return, present net worth per acre and the benefit cost ratio—the last two discounted by 3, 6.4. 7.5. and 10 percent—to determine if the different criteria had a practical influence on timber investment ranking. The samples in this study were drawn from a group of timber investments...

Hardwood timber sales on state forests in Indiana: characteristics influencing costs and prices

Treesearch

J. Michael Vasievich; W. L., Jr. Mills; Heidi R. Cherry

1997-01-01

Timber sales conducted on State-owned forests in INdiana from 1982 to 1994 were analyzed to determine changes in costs and prices and the effect of sale conditions on costs and prices. The data set included 445 sales that ranged in size from less than 1 acre to more than 500 acres. Sales were predominantly partial cuts in mature hardwood timber. Marked timber volume...

31 CFR 593.412 - Release of any round log or timber product originating in Liberia from a bonded warehouse or...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 3 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Release of any round log or timber... Interpretations § 593.412 Release of any round log or timber product originating in Liberia from a bonded... from a bonded warehouse or foreign trade zone of any round log or timber product originating in Liberia...

31 CFR 593.412 - Release of any round log or timber product originating in Liberia from a bonded warehouse or...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 3 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Release of any round log or timber... Interpretations § 593.412 Release of any round log or timber product originating in Liberia from a bonded... from a bonded warehouse or foreign trade zone of any round log or timber product originating in Liberia...

Effects of long-term prescribed burning on timber value in hardwood forests of the Missouri Ozarks

Treesearch

Benjamin O. Knapp; Joseph M. Marschall; Michael C. Stambaugh

2017-01-01

Prescribed fire is commonly used for restoring and managing oak woodlands but raises concern over the risk of value loss to timber products. We used a long-term prescribed burning study to quantify standing timber volume and stumpage value, fire scar presence and size, and timber value loss in comparison to unburned stands. Three study treatments were initiated in 1949...

Design Methods for Load-bearing Elements from Crosslaminated Timber

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Vilguts, A.; Serdjuks, D.; Goremikins, V.

2015-11-01

Cross-laminated timber is an environmentally friendly material, which possesses a decreased level of anisotropy in comparison with the solid and glued timber. Cross-laminated timber could be used for load-bearing walls and slabs of multi-storey timber buildings as well as decking structures of pedestrian and road bridges. Design methods of cross-laminated timber elements subjected to bending and compression with bending were considered. The presented methods were experimentally validated and verified by FEM. Two cross-laminated timber slabs were tested at the action of static load. Pine wood was chosen as a board's material. Freely supported beam with the span equal to 1.9 m, which was loaded by the uniformly distributed load, was a design scheme of the considered plates. The width of the plates was equal to 1 m. The considered cross-laminated timber plates were analysed by FEM method. The comparison of stresses acting in the edge fibres of the plate and the maximum vertical displacements shows that both considered methods can be used for engineering calculations. The difference between the results obtained experimentally and analytically is within the limits from 2 to 31%. The difference in results obtained by effective strength and stiffness and transformed sections methods was not significant.

Capital gains treatment of timber income: An economic assessment

Treesearch

Donald F. Dennis; Donald F. Dennis

1985-01-01

Treating timber income as capital gains meets the criteria used to evaluate tax systems better than treating it as ordinary income. Social welfare implications and impact on timber supply also favor such treatment.

Timber resource statistics for eastern Washington.

Treesearch

Patricia M. Bassett; Daniel D. Oswald

1983-01-01

This report summarizes a 1980 timber resource inventory of the 16 forested counties in Washington east of the crest of the Cascade Range. Detailed tables of forest area, timber volume, growth, mortality, and harvest are presented.

Ownership change and timber supply on nonindustrial private forestland.

Treesearch

Eugene M. Carpenter

1985-01-01

Presents trends in private forest land ownership in Michigan's Upper Peninsula. Describes how changes in owners, their intentions, and their actions might affect the area's timber supply with implications for the national timber supply.

Debunking Myths: The B.C. Student Transitions Project

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gaber, Devron; Heslop, Joanne

2009-01-01

British Colombia's Student Transitions Project (STP) is challenging long-held myths about the movement of students through the education system in that province and may become a catalyst for re-examining commonly held ideas about students' transition to post-secondary education across the country. The STP is a collaborative effort among B.C.'s…

43 CFR 1815.1 - Timber sale contracts.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 43 Public Lands: Interior 2 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Timber sale contracts. 1815.1 Section 1815.1 Public Lands: Interior Regulations Relating to Public Lands (Continued) BUREAU OF LAND MANAGEMENT....1 Timber sale contracts. ...

43 CFR 1815.1 - Timber sale contracts.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 43 Public Lands: Interior 2 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Timber sale contracts. 1815.1 Section 1815.1 Public Lands: Interior Regulations Relating to Public Lands (Continued) BUREAU OF LAND MANAGEMENT....1 Timber sale contracts. ...

43 CFR 1815.1 - Timber sale contracts.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 43 Public Lands: Interior 2 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Timber sale contracts. 1815.1 Section 1815.1 Public Lands: Interior Regulations Relating to Public Lands (Continued) BUREAU OF LAND MANAGEMENT....1 Timber sale contracts. ...

Timber resources of northwest Oregon.

Treesearch

Mary A. Mei

1979-01-01

This report presents statistics from a 1976 timber resource inventory of 10 counties in northwest Oregon: Clackamas, Clatsop, Columbia, Hood River, Marion, Multnomah, Polk, Tillamook, Washington, and Yamhill. Tables presented are of forest area, timber volume, growth, mortality, and harvest.

The Timber Resources of Delaware. A Report on tbe Forest survey made by the U.S. Forest Service.

Treesearch

Roland H. Ferguson; Roland H. Ferguson

1959-01-01

This is a report on the findings of the first comprehensive survey of the timber resources of Delaware. It describes, as of 1957, the area and condition of the forest land, the volume of standing timber, the annual growth and mortality of the forest growing stock, and the extent of timber cutting. The survey made by the Forest Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture,...

Oregon's forest products industry and timber harvest 2013 with trends through 2014

Treesearch

Eric A. Simmons; Micah G. Scudder; Todd A. Morgan; Erik C. Berg; Glenn A. Christensen

2016-01-01

This report traces the flow of Oregon’s 2013 timber harvest through the primary wood products industry and provides detailed description of the structure, timber use, operations, and condition of Oregon’s forest products sector. It is the third in a series of reports that update the status of the industry every 5 years, and is based on a census of timber-using...

Feasibility Investigation into Strengthening of Timber Bridge Stringers

DTIC Science & Technology

2007-05-01

life . They exhibit several types of damage, which occurs in their structural elements such as timber stringers. The most commonly encountered damage...United States are nearing, or at the end of their service life , which means they exhibit several types of damage. This occurs mostly on structural... life of a timber bridge is approximately 30–40 years, the majority of timber bridges in the United States are nearing the end of their service life

26. INTERIOR VIEW SHOWING ROW OF TIMBER SUPPORT TOWERS BUILT ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

26. INTERIOR VIEW SHOWING ROW OF TIMBER SUPPORT TOWERS BUILT AS TEMPORARY TRUSS REINFORCEMENT (NOTE STEEL STRUCTURES ATOP TIMBER BRACING) - Oakland Army Base, Transit Shed, East of Dunkirk Street & South of Burma Road, Oakland, Alameda County, CA

Field testing and evaluation of a demonstration timber bridge.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2012-02-01

Asphalt wearing surfaces are commonly used on timber bridges with transverse glued-laminated deck panel systems to help protect the timber components. However, poor performance of these asphalt wearing surfaces in the past has resulted in repeated re...

Preliminary timber resource statistics for the Olympic Peninsula, Washington.

Treesearch

Colin D. MacLean; Janet L. Ohmann; Patricia M. Bassett

1991-01-01

This report summarizes a 1989 timber resource inventory of five counties in the Olympic Peninsula region of Washington: Clallam, Grays Harbor, Jefferson, Mason, and Thurston. Detailed tables of forest area, timber volume, growth, mortality, and harvest are presented.

Timber Volume in Missouri Counties

Treesearch

Arnold J. Ostrom

1974-01-01

The third forest inventory of Missouri showed timber volume of growing-stock material reaching 76 million cords in 1972, an increase of 5 percent since 1959. The growing stock included 15 million board feet of sawtimber. Timber volume by county is presented.

Timber resource statistics for the Olympic Peninsula, Washington.

Treesearch

Patricia M. Bassett; Daniel D. Oswald

1961-01-01

This report summarizes a 1978-79 timber resource inventory of five counties in the Olympic Peninsula of Washington: Clallam, Grays Harbor, Jefferson, Mason, and Thurston. Detailed tables of forest area, timber volume, growth, mortality, and harvest are presented.

Field evaluation of timber preservation treatments for highway applications.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2007-12-01

Timber material repair and replacement cost for timber bridges is a considerable expense to highway agencies in Iowa, especially to : county road departments. To address these needs, the objectives of this investigation was to study the field effecti...

Glossary of Terms Used in Timber Harvesting and Forest Engineering

Treesearch

Bryce J. Stokes; Colin Ashmore; Cynthia L. Rawlins; Donald L. Sirois

1989-01-01

Provides definitions for 1,026 words and terms used in timber harvesting and forest engineering, with an emphasis on temrs related to timber harvesting operations. Terminology dealing with basic forestry, harvesting equipment, and economics is stressed.

Bridging the Gap: Prospects for Reform and Reconciliation in Post-Conflict Sri Lanka

DTIC Science & Technology

2016-12-01

Province governor’s post , held by an ex -military officer, with a civilian administrator. The international community, along with the Tamil political...GAP: PROSPECTS FOR REFORM AND RECONCILIATION IN POST -CONFLICT SRI LANKA by Chaminda Arjuna Bandara Tennakoon December 2016 Thesis Advisor...RECONCILIATION IN POST -CONFLICT SRI LANKA 5. FUNDING NUMBERS 6. AUTHOR(S) Chaminda Arjuna Bandara Tennakoon 7. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS

Timber resources of East Oklahoma

Treesearch

Richard A. Birdsey; Dennis M. May

1988-01-01

Presents the principal findings of the fifth forest survey of east Oklahoma and the changes that have occurred since earlier surveys. Trends in forest area, ownership, forest type, stand structure, stocking, timber volume, growth, removals, mortality, management opportunities, and timber products output are discussed.

Economic implications of manufacturing sawed ties and timbers

Treesearch

Lawrence D. Garrett; Lawrence D. Garrett

1969-01-01

The purpose of this paper is to discuss those factors that affect the profitability of manufacturing timbers and show that the combined manufacture of both lumber and timbers will provide a greater daily income than the manufacture of lumber alone.

Measurement of Moisture in Wood for Application in the Restoration of Old Buildings.

PubMed

Moron, Carlos; Garcia-Fuentevilla, Luisa; Garcia, Alfonso; Moron, Alberto

2016-05-14

There are many historic buildings whose construction is based on timber frame walls. Most buildings built during the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries were based on timber frame walls with vertical support elements. These timber frame elements are affected by their moisture content and by the passage of time. If the interaction of the timber frame walls with hygrothermal fluctuations were known, the maintenance of these buildings could be improved significantly. To determine the moisture content of wood there are two types of meters on the market: on the one hand, capacitance meters which consist of two side ends and where the moisture content is measured locally between two peaks. On the other hand, there are meters based on the variation of electromagnetic transmittance of timber, which depends on the moisture of timber. The second ones are very expensive and difficult to handle. This work presents a new non-intrusive capacitive sensor that measures the global moisture content in a section of the timber frame walls and therefore its accuracy is similar to the accuracy that can be obtained with electromagnetic transmittance meters. Additionally, as it is a capacitive sensor, it is low cost and easy to operate.

Measurement of Moisture in Wood for Application in the Restoration of Old Buildings

PubMed Central

Moron, Carlos; Garcia-Fuentevilla, Luisa; Garcia, Alfonso; Moron, Alberto

2016-01-01

There are many historic buildings whose construction is based on timber frame walls. Most buildings built during the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries were based on timber frame walls with vertical support elements. These timber frame elements are affected by their moisture content and by the passage of time. If the interaction of the timber frame walls with hygrothermal fluctuations were known, the maintenance of these buildings could be improved significantly. To determine the moisture content of wood there are two types of meters on the market: on the one hand, capacitance meters which consist of two side ends and where the moisture content is measured locally between two peaks. On the other hand, there are meters based on the variation of electromagnetic transmittance of timber, which depends on the moisture of timber. The second ones are very expensive and difficult to handle. This work presents a new non-intrusive capacitive sensor that measures the global moisture content in a section of the timber frame walls and therefore its accuracy is similar to the accuracy that can be obtained with electromagnetic transmittance meters. Additionally, as it is a capacitive sensor, it is low cost and easy to operate. PMID:27187410

Boar sperm cryosurvival is better after exposure to seminal plasma from selected fractions than to those from entire ejaculate.

PubMed

Alkmin, Diego V; Perez-Patiño, Cristina; Barranco, Isabel; Parrilla, Inmaculada; Vazquez, Juan M; Martinez, Emilio A; Rodriguez-Martinez, Heriberto; Roca, Jordi

2014-10-01

Boar bulk ejaculates are now being collected instead of usual sperm-rich fractions (SRF) for artificial insemination purpose. The present study evaluated the influence of holding boar sperm samples before freezing surrounded in their own seminal plasma (SP), from either fractions/portions or the entire ejaculate, on post-thawing sperm quality and functionality. Ejaculates collected as bulk (BE) or as separate (first 10 mL of SRF [P1] and rest of SRF [P2]) from 10 boars were held 24h at 15-17°C and then frozen. Some bulk ejaculate samples were frozen immediately after collections as Control. In addition, epididymal sperm samples from the same 10 boars were collected post-mortem and extended in SP from P1 (EP1), P2 (EP2) and post SRF (EP3), and also held 24h before freezing for a better understanding of the influence of SP on boar sperm cryopreservation. The sperm quality (motility, evaluated by CASA, and viability, evaluated by flow cytometry) and functionality (flow cytometry assessment of plasma membrane fluidity, mitochondrial membrane potential and intracellular generation of reactive oxygen species [ROS] in viable sperm) were evaluated at 30, 150 and 300 min post-thaw. Post-thawing sperm quality and functionality of P1 and P2 were similar but higher (p < 0.01) than BE samples. Control samples showed higher (p < 0.01) post-thaw sperm quality and functionality than BE samples. Post-thawing sperm quality and functionality of EP1 and EP2 were similar but higher (p < 0.05) than EP3. These results showed that boar sperm from BE are more cryosensitive than those from the SRF, particularly when held 24h before freezing, which would be attributable to the cryonegative effects exerted by the SP from post SRF. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Turbidity Responses from Timber Harvesting, Wildfire, and Post-Fire Logging in the Battle Creek Watershed, Northern California.

PubMed

Lewis, Jack; Rhodes, Jonathan J; Bradley, Curtis

2018-04-11

The Battle Creek watershed in northern California was historically important for its Chinook salmon populations, now at remnant levels due to land and water uses. Privately owned portions of the watershed are managed primarily for timber production, which has intensified since 1998, when clearcutting became widespread. Turbidity has been monitored by citizen volunteers at 13 locations in the watershed. Approximately 2000 grab samples were collected in the 5-year analysis period as harvesting progressed, a severe wildfire burned 11,200 ha, and most of the burned area was salvage logged. The data reveal strong associations of turbidity with the proportion of area harvested in watersheds draining to the measurement sites. Turbidity increased significantly over the measurement period in 10 watersheds and decreased at one. Some of these increases may be due to the influence of wildfire, logging roads and haul roads. However, turbidity continued trending upwards in six burned watersheds that were logged after the fire, while decreasing or remaining the same in two that escaped the fire and post-fire logging. Unusually high turbidity measurements (more than seven times the average value for a given flow condition) were very rare (0.0% of measurements) before the fire but began to appear in the first year after the fire (5.0% of measurements) and were most frequent (11.6% of measurements) in the first 9 months after salvage logging. Results suggest that harvesting contributes to road erosion and that current management practices do not fully protect water quality.

Mapping resource use over a Russian landscape: an integrated look at harvesting of a non-timber forest product in central Kamchatka

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hitztaler, Stephanie K.; Bergen, Kathleen M.

2013-12-01

Small-scale resource use became an important adaptive mechanism in remote logging communities in Russia at the onset of the post-Soviet period in 1991. We focused on harvesting of a non-timber forest product, lingonberry (Vaccinium vitis-idaea), in the forests of the Kamchatka Peninsula (Russian Far East). We employed an integrated geographical approach to make quantifiable connections between harvesting and the landscape, and to interpret these relationships in their broader contexts. Landsat TM images were used for a new classification; the resulting land-cover map was the basis for linking non-spatial data on harvesters’ gathering behaviors to spatial data within delineated lingonberry gathering sites. Several significant relationships emerged: (1) mature forests negatively affected harvesters’ initial choice to gather in a site, while young forests had a positive effect; (2) land-cover type was critical in determining how and why gathering occurred: post-disturbance young and maturing forests were significantly associated with higher gathering intensity and with the choice to market harvests; and (3) distance from gathering sites to villages and main roads also mattered: longer distances were significantly correlated to more time spent gathering and to increased marketing of harvests. We further considered our findings in light of the larger ecological and social dynamics at play in central Kamchatka. This unique study is an important starting point for conservation- and sustainable development-based work, and for additional research into the drivers of human-landscape interactions in the Russian Far East.

Forest area and timber resources of the San Joaquin area, California.

Treesearch

Charles L. Bolsinger

1978-01-01

This report presents statistics on forest area and timber volume and a description of the recent and future timber situations in Alpine, Amador, Calaveras, Fresno, Kern, Kings, Madera, Mariposa, Merced, Mono, San Joaquin, Stanislaus, Tulare, and Tuolumne Counties, California.

36 CFR 223.116 - Cancellation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 223.116 Parks, Forests, and Public Property FOREST SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE SALE AND DISPOSAL OF NATIONAL FOREST SYSTEM TIMBER Timber Sale Contracts Contract Administration § 223.116 Cancellation. (a) Timber sale contracts and permits may be canceled: (1) For serious or continued violation of...

Development of minimum standards for hardwoods used in producing underground coal mine timbers

Treesearch

Floyd G. Timson

1978-01-01

This note presents minimum standards for raw material used in the production of sawn, split, and round timbers for the underground mining industry. The standards are based on a summary of information gathered from many mine-timber producers.

77 FR 64096 - Information Collection; Advertised Timber for Sale

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-10-18

... DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE Forest Service Information Collection; Advertised Timber for Sale AGENCY... organizations on the revision with changes of the currently approved information collection 0596-0066 Advertised.... SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: Title: Advertised Timber for Sale. OMB Number: 0596-0066. Expiration Date of Approval...

Stress grading of recycled lumber and timber

Treesearch

Robert H. Falk; David Green

1999-01-01

This paper presents an overview of selected research at the Forest Products Laboratory (FPL) to characterize the grade distribution and engineering properties of lumber and timber recycled from deconstructed buildings on US. Army installations. The effects of splits on timber beam and column...

Timber resource statistics for non-Federal forest land in southwest Oregon.

Treesearch

Donald R. Gedney; Patricia M. Bassett; Mary A. Mei

1986-01-01

This report summarizes a 1985 timber resource inventory of the non-Federal forest land in the five counties (Coos, Curry, Douglas, Jackson, and Josephine) in southwest Oregon. Detailed tables of forest area, timber volume, growth, mortality, and harvest are presented.

Timber resources of Douglas County, Oregon.

Treesearch

Colin D. MacLean

1976-01-01

This report summarizes a 1973 timber resource inventory of Douglas County, Oregon. Detailed tables of forest area, timber volume, growth, mortality, and cut are presented. A discussion of the present resource situation highlights the condition of cutover lands and the opportunities for silvicultural treatment.

Timber resource statistics for the Puget Sound area, Washington.

Treesearch

Patricia M. Bassett; Daniel D. Oswald

1982-01-01

This report summarizes a 1979 timber resource inventory of eight counties in the Puget Sound area of Washington: Island, King, Kitsap, Pierce, San Juan, Skagit, Snohomish, and Whatcom. Detailed tables of forest area, timber volume, growth, mortality, and harvest are presented.

Preliminary timber resource statistics for the Puget Sound area, Washington.

Treesearch

Colin D. MacLean; Janet L. Ohmann; Patricia M. Bassett

1991-01-01

This report summarizes a 1989 timber resource inventory of eight counties in the Puget Sound region of Washington: Island, King, Kitsap, Pierce, Skagit, San Juan, Snohomish, and Whatcom. Detailed tables of forest area, timber volume, growth, mortality, and harvest are presented.

Establishing The Intelligence Required By The Fire Department City Of New York For Tactical And Strategic Decision Making

DTIC Science & Technology

2016-03-01

separate but adjoining structures that have a common cockloft (attic). d. Type 4 Construction—Heavy Timber Heavy timber construction has masonry...such as in separate but adjoining structures that have a common cockloft (attic). Type 4 Construction—Heavy Timber Heavy timber construction has...information would be of some use to the FS as a whole. A secondary purpose for this thesis is that by documenting the basic structure of the FDNY CTDP

Reconciling timber extraction with biodiversity conservation in tropical forests using reduced-impact logging

PubMed Central

Bicknell, Jake E; Struebig, Matthew J; Davies, Zoe G; Baraloto, Christopher

2015-01-01

Over 20% of the world's tropical forests have been selectively logged, and large expanses are allocated for future timber extraction. Reduced-impact logging (RIL) is being promoted as best practice forestry that increases sustainability and lowers CO2 emissions from logging, by reducing collateral damage associated with timber extraction. RIL is also expected to minimize the impacts of selective logging on biodiversity, although this is yet to be thoroughly tested. We undertake the most comprehensive study to date to investigate the biodiversity impacts of RIL across multiple taxonomic groups. We quantified birds, bats and large mammal assemblage structures, using a before-after control-impact (BACI) design across 20 sample sites over a 5-year period. Faunal surveys utilized point counts, mist nets and line transects and yielded >250 species. We examined assemblage responses to logging, as well as partitions of feeding guild and strata (understorey vs. canopy), and then tested for relationships with logging intensity to assess the primary determinants of community composition. Community analysis revealed little effect of RIL on overall assemblages, as structure and composition were similar before and after logging, and between logging and control sites. Variation in bird assemblages was explained by natural rates of change over time, and not logging intensity. However, when partitioned by feeding guild and strata, the frugivorous and canopy bird ensembles changed as a result of RIL, although the latter was also associated with change over time. Bats exhibited variable changes post-logging that were not related to logging, whereas large mammals showed no change at all. Indicator species analysis and correlations with logging intensities revealed that some species exhibited idiosyncratic responses to RIL, whilst abundance change of most others was associated with time. Synthesis and applications. Our study demonstrates the relatively benign effect of reduced-impact logging (RIL) on birds, bats and large mammals in a neotropical forest context, and therefore, we propose that forest managers should improve timber extraction techniques more widely. If RIL is extensively adopted, forestry concessions could represent sizeable and important additions to the global conservation estate – over 4 million km2. PMID:25954054

Forest bat population dynamics over 14 years at a climate refuge: Effects of timber harvesting and weather extremes

PubMed Central

Chidel, Mark; Law, Peter R.

2018-01-01

Long-term data are needed to explore the interaction of weather extremes with habitat alteration; in particular, can ‘refugia’ buffer population dynamics against climate change and are they robust to disturbances such as timber harvesting. Because forest bats are good indicators of ecosystem health, we used 14 years (1999–2012) of mark-recapture data from a suite of small tree-hollow roosting bats to estimate survival, abundance and body condition in harvested and unharvested forest and over extreme El Niño and La Niña weather events in southeastern Australia. Trapping was replicated within an experimental forest, located in a climate refuge, with different timber harvesting treatments. We trapped foraging bats and banded 3043 with a 32% retrap rate. Mark-recapture analyses allowed for dependence of survival on time, species, sex, logging treatment and for transients. A large portion of the population remained resident, with a maximum time to recapture of nine years. The effect of logging history (unlogged vs 16–30 years post-logging regrowth) on apparent survival was minor and species specific, with no detectable effect for two species, a positive effect for one and negative for the other. There was no effect of logging history on abundance or body condition for any of these species. Apparent survival of residents was not strongly influenced by weather variation (except for the smallest species), unlike previous studies outside of refugia. Despite annual variation in abundance and body condition across the 14 years of the study, no relationship with extreme weather was evident. The location of our study area in a climate refuge potentially buffered bat population dynamics from extreme weather. These results support the value of climate refugia in mitigating climate change impacts, though the lack of an external control highlights the need for further studies on the functioning of climate refugia. Relatively stable population dynamics were not compromised by timber harvesting, suggesting ecologically sustainable harvesting may be compatible with climate refugia. PMID:29444115

Archaeobotanical evidence for a massive loss of epiphyte species richness during industrialization in southern England

PubMed Central

Ellis, Christopher J.; Yahr, Rebecca; Coppins, Brian J.

2011-01-01

This paper describes a novel archaeological resource—preserved epiphytes on the timber structure of vernacular buildings—used, to our knowledge, for the first time to quantify a loss of biodiversity between pre-industrial and post-industrial landscapes. By matching the confirmed occurrence of epiphyte species for the pre-industrial period, with a statistical likelihood for their absence in the present-day landscape (post-1960), we robustly identified species that have been extirpated across three contrasting regions in southern England. First, the scale of biodiversity loss observed—up to 80 per cent of epiphytes—severely challenges biodiversity targets and environmental baselines that have been developed using reference points in the post-industrial period. Second, we examined sensitivity in the present-day distribution of extirpated species, explained by three environmental drivers: (i) pollution regime, (ii) extent of ancient woodland, and (iii) climatic setting. Results point to an interacting effect between the pollution regime (sulphur dioxide) and changed woodland structure, leading to distinctive regional signatures in biodiversity loss. PMID:21471114

1. West portal of Snowshed 29, contextual view to east, ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

1. West portal of Snowshed 29, contextual view to east, 135mm lens. This is perhaps the last section of timber snowshed on this line. Integral with the east end of Tunnel 41, Snowshed 29 provides protection leading to the west portal of the tunnel. The snowshed today consists of (west to east) 199 feet of timber type T4 shed built in 1954, 365 feet of timber type T7 built in 1954, 85 feet of timber type T1 built in 1951, four feet of timber type T7 built in 1925 concurrent with Tunnel 41, and 41 feet of recent prefabricated concrete panel shed. - Central Pacific Transcontinental Railroad, Tunnel No. 41, Milepost 193.3, Donner, Placer County, CA

Epidemiological study of the characteristics of veterinarians who pursue a research career: part I.

PubMed

Murray, J K; French, N P; Fitzpatrick, J L; Pinchbeck, G L

2005-09-24

This retrospective, matched case-control study compared the characteristics of veterinary surgeons employed in veterinary research with those who had never held a research post. The cases were randomly selected from graduates of veterinary schools in Great Britain or Ireland who were employed at universities or institutes that conduct research and who played a major role in veterinary research projects during 2001 to 2003. The controls were veterinary surgeons who had not held any post that was primarily a research post since they graduated. The cases and controls were matched by year of graduation and data were obtained for 173 matched sets. Graduates who were significantly (P<0.05) more likely to have a career involving research included male graduates, graduates who had completed a summer studentship, graduates who had completed an internship, residency or houseman's programme, graduates who held a veterinary diploma, and graduates who had intended to pursue a career in research or academia when they graduated from veterinary school. A career involving research was significantly (P<0.05) more likely to be associated with full-time employment and a lower salary than a career that did not involve research.

36 CFR 223.101 - Determination of purchaser responsibility.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... AGRICULTURE SALE AND DISPOSAL OF NATIONAL FOREST SYSTEM TIMBER Timber Sale Contracts Award of Contracts § 223.101 Determination of purchaser responsibility. (a) A Contracting Officer shall not award a timber sale... and governmental business commitments; (3) The purchaser has a satisfactory performance record on...

Timber resources of western Oregon—highlights and statistics.

Treesearch

Donald R. Gedney

1982-01-01

This report summarizes and interprets the results of a timber resource inventory of western Oregon made between 1973 and 1976. Detailed tables give land and forest area, timber volume, growth, and mortality for western Oregon and for southwest Oregon, west-central Oregon, and northwest Oregon.

Operability and location of Wisconsin's timber resource.

Treesearch

Jerold T. Hahn; Mark H. Hansen

1989-01-01

Data collected during the 1983 Wisconsin Statewide forest inventory were used to examine operability of the timber resource based on seven operability components. Operability is the ease or difficulty of managing or harvesting timber because of physical conditions in the stand or on the site.

Operability and location of Michigan's timber resource.

Treesearch

Mark H. Hansen; Jerold T. Hahn

1987-01-01

Operability is the ease or difficulty of managing or harvesting timber because of physical conditions in the stand or on the site. Data collected during the 1980 Michigan statewide forest inventory were used to examine operability of the timber resource based on seven operability components.

Timber resource statistics for non-Federal forest land in west-central Oregon.

Treesearch

Donald R. Gedney; Patricia M. Bassett; Mary A. Mei

1987-01-01

This report summarizes a 1985-86 timber resource inventory of the non-Federal forest land in the four counties (Benton, Lane, Lincoln, and Linn) in west-central Oregon. Detailed tables of forest area, timber volume, growth, mortality, and harvest are presented.

1973 Oregon timber harvest.

Treesearch

J.D. Jr. Lloyd

1974-01-01

The 1973 Oregon timber harvest of 9.36 billion board feet was 265 million board feet (2.8 percent) below the 1972 harvest. The greater portion of the decrease occurred in eastern Oregon where timber harvest dropped 9.4 percent compared with 0.9 percent in western Oregon.

The North Central Forest Inventory and Analysis timber product output database--a regional composite approach.

Treesearch

Dennis M. May

1998-01-01

Discusses a regional composite approach to managing timber product output data in a relational database. Describes the development and structure of the regional composite database and demonstrates its use in addressing everyday timber product output information needs.

Simple models for estimating local removals of timber in the northeast

Treesearch

David N. Larsen; David A. Gansner

1975-01-01

Provides a practical method of estimating subregional removals of timber and demonstrates its application to a typical problem. Stepwise multiple regression analysis is used to develop equations for estimating removals of softwood, hardwood, and all timber from selected characteristics of socioeconomic structure.

Load capacity of hollowed timber piles.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1998-12-01

The goal of this study was to develop a reliable load-rating methodology for timber piles based on the level of documented damage. Louisiana currently has over 4,000 timber bridges in its inventory of over 13,800 bridges. A quarter of these 4,000 tim...

Michigan's fourth forest inventory: timber volumes and projections of timber supply.

Treesearch

John S. Jr. Spencer; Jerold T. Hahn

1984-01-01

The fourth inventory of the timber resource of Michigan shows growing-stock volume increased 27% between 1966 and 1980, from 15.1 to 19.1 billion cubic feet. Presented are highlights and statistics on volume, growth, mortality, removals, biomass, and projections.

Ports and Facilities « Coast Guard Maritime Commons

Science.gov Websites

Editor's note: This post was updated April 10, 2018 to reflect that Inmarsat will begin the migration 1400 the Inmarsat website provided in our blog post. Inmarsat announced that it will migrate Inmarsat-C , Prevention and Response was held at IMO Headquarters in London from February 5-9, 2018. This post provides a

Latin America Report.

DTIC Science & Technology

1986-11-17

in the congress, ministries, city councils, provincial legislatures, and party leadership. Initially, the highest posts were doled out to more...senior party members, but as they leave office, key posts go to the ; Junta Coordinadora, or at least, friends of the Junta Coordinadora. . , And...succeeds Mr. Li Jie, has served in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in his country and has held diplomatic posts in Egypt, -.. Yemen, Uganda

Post-Primary Students' Images of Mathematics: Findings from a Survey of Irish Ordinary Level Mathematics Students

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lane, Ciara; Stynes, Martin; O'Donoghue, John

2016-01-01

A questionnaire survey was carried out as part of a PhD research study to investigate the image of mathematics held by post-primary students in Ireland. The study focused on students in fifth year of post-primary education studying ordinary level mathematics for the Irish Leaving Certificate examination--the final examination for students in…

Eleventh-century shift in timber procurement areas for the great houses of Chaco Canyon

PubMed Central

Guiterman, Christopher H.; Dean, Jeffrey S.

2016-01-01

An enduring mystery from the great houses of Chaco Canyon is the origin of more than 240,000 construction timbers. We evaluate probable timber procurement areas for seven great houses by applying tree-ring width-based sourcing to a set of 170 timbers. To our knowledge, this is the first use of tree rings to assess timber origins in the southwestern United States. We found that the Chuska and Zuni Mountains (>75 km distant) were the most likely sources, accounting for 70% of timbers. Most notably, procurement areas changed through time. Before 1020 Common Era (CE) nearly all timbers originated from the Zunis (a previously unrecognized source), but by 1060 CE the Chuskas eclipsed the Zuni area in total wood imports. This shift occurred at the onset of Chaco florescence in the 11th century, a time with substantial expansion of existing great houses and the addition of seven new great houses in the Chaco Core area. It also coincides with the proliferation of Chuskan stone tools and pottery in the archaeological record of Chaco Canyon, further underscoring the link between land use and occupation in the Chuska area and the peak of great house construction. Our findings, based on the most temporally specific and replicated evidence of Chacoan resource procurement obtained to date, corroborate the long-standing but recently challenged interpretation that large numbers of timbers were harvested and transported from distant mountain ranges to build the great houses at Chaco Canyon. PMID:26644552

Eleventh-century shift in timber procurement areas for the great houses of Chaco Canyon.

PubMed

Guiterman, Christopher H; Swetnam, Thomas W; Dean, Jeffrey S

2016-02-02

An enduring mystery from the great houses of Chaco Canyon is the origin of more than 240,000 construction timbers. We evaluate probable timber procurement areas for seven great houses by applying tree-ring width-based sourcing to a set of 170 timbers. To our knowledge, this is the first use of tree rings to assess timber origins in the southwestern United States. We found that the Chuska and Zuni Mountains (>75 km distant) were the most likely sources, accounting for 70% of timbers. Most notably, procurement areas changed through time. Before 1020 Common Era (CE) nearly all timbers originated from the Zunis (a previously unrecognized source), but by 1060 CE the Chuskas eclipsed the Zuni area in total wood imports. This shift occurred at the onset of Chaco florescence in the 11th century, a time with substantial expansion of existing great houses and the addition of seven new great houses in the Chaco Core area. It also coincides with the proliferation of Chuskan stone tools and pottery in the archaeological record of Chaco Canyon, further underscoring the link between land use and occupation in the Chuska area and the peak of great house construction. Our findings, based on the most temporally specific and replicated evidence of Chacoan resource procurement obtained to date, corroborate the long-standing but recently challenged interpretation that large numbers of timbers were harvested and transported from distant mountain ranges to build the great houses at Chaco Canyon.

36 CFR 223.101 - Determination of purchaser responsibility.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... purchaser has a satisfactory performance record on timber sale contracts. A prospective purchaser that is or... AGRICULTURE SALE AND DISPOSAL OF NATIONAL FOREST SYSTEM TIMBER, SPECIAL FOREST PRODUCTS, AND FOREST BOTANICAL PRODUCTS Timber Sale Contracts Award of Contracts § 223.101 Determination of purchaser responsibility. (a...

48 CFR 1452.237-71 - Utilization of Woody Biomass.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... timber/vegetative sales contract. Payment under the timber/vegetative sales contract must be at a price... appropriate payment specified in the related timber/vegetative sales contract before removal may be authorized... sales notice and/or prospectus, including volume estimates, appraised value and any appropriate special...

75 FR 63419 - Surety Bond Guarantee Program; Timber Sales

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-10-15

... timber sale contracts may require the purchaser to furnish a performance bond for satisfactory compliance.... With respect to a Performance Bond involving the sale of timber on land managed by USDA, the Federal... Sales AGENCY: Small Business Administration. ACTION: Proposed rule. SUMMARY: The Small Business...

Historical considerations in evaluating timber structures

Treesearch

R. L. Tuomi; R. C. Moody

1979-01-01

Evaluation, maintenance, and upgrading of timber structures is an area where little printed reference material exists. This paper covers the state-of-the-art on design, material properties, and construction procedures on older buildings. Some guidelines are presented on rehabilitating and upgrading timber structures, along with significant references.

Timber resource of Missouri's Prairie, 1972.

Treesearch

Jerold T. Hahn; Alexander Vasilevsky

1975-01-01

The third timber inventory of Missouri's Prairie Forest Survey Unit shows substantial declines in both growing-stock and sawtimber volumes between 1959 and 1972. Commercial forest area declined by one-fifth. Presents highlights and statistics on forest area and timber volume, growth, mortality, ownership, and use in 1972.

36 CFR 223.85 - Noncompetitive sale of timber.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 36 Parks, Forests, and Public Property 2 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Noncompetitive sale of timber. 223.85 Section 223.85 Parks, Forests, and Public Property FOREST SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE SALE AND DISPOSAL OF NATIONAL FOREST SYSTEM TIMBER, SPECIAL FOREST PRODUCTS, AND FOREST BOTANICAL...

36 CFR 223.32 - Timber sale operating plan.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 36 Parks, Forests, and Public Property 2 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Timber sale operating plan. 223.32 Section 223.32 Parks, Forests, and Public Property FOREST SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE SALE AND DISPOSAL OF NATIONAL FOREST SYSTEM TIMBER, SPECIAL FOREST PRODUCTS, AND FOREST BOTANICAL...

36 CFR 223.32 - Timber sale operating plan.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 36 Parks, Forests, and Public Property 2 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Timber sale operating plan. 223.32 Section 223.32 Parks, Forests, and Public Property FOREST SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE SALE AND DISPOSAL OF NATIONAL FOREST SYSTEM TIMBER, SPECIAL FOREST PRODUCTS, AND FOREST BOTANICAL...

36 CFR 223.32 - Timber sale operating plan.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 36 Parks, Forests, and Public Property 2 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Timber sale operating plan. 223.32 Section 223.32 Parks, Forests, and Public Property FOREST SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE SALE AND DISPOSAL OF NATIONAL FOREST SYSTEM TIMBER, SPECIAL FOREST PRODUCTS, AND FOREST BOTANICAL...

36 CFR 223.32 - Timber sale operating plan.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 36 Parks, Forests, and Public Property 2 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Timber sale operating plan. 223.32 Section 223.32 Parks, Forests, and Public Property FOREST SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE SALE AND DISPOSAL OF NATIONAL FOREST SYSTEM TIMBER, SPECIAL FOREST PRODUCTS, AND FOREST BOTANICAL...

36 CFR 223.85 - Noncompetitive sale of timber.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 36 Parks, Forests, and Public Property 2 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Noncompetitive sale of timber. 223.85 Section 223.85 Parks, Forests, and Public Property FOREST SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE SALE AND DISPOSAL OF NATIONAL FOREST SYSTEM TIMBER, SPECIAL FOREST PRODUCTS, AND FOREST BOTANICAL...

36 CFR 223.85 - Noncompetitive sale of timber.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 36 Parks, Forests, and Public Property 2 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Noncompetitive sale of timber. 223.85 Section 223.85 Parks, Forests, and Public Property FOREST SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE SALE AND DISPOSAL OF NATIONAL FOREST SYSTEM TIMBER, SPECIAL FOREST PRODUCTS, AND FOREST BOTANICAL...

Iowa's forest resources, 1974.

Treesearch

John S. Jr. Spencer; Pamela J. Jakes

1980-01-01

The second inventory of Iowa's forest resources shows big declines in commercial forest area and in growing-stock and sawtimber volumes between 1954 and 1974. Presented are text and statistics on forest area and timber volume, growth, mortality, ownership, stocking, future timber supply, timber use, forest management opportunities, and nontimber resources.

36 CFR 223.188 - Prohibitions against exporting unprocessed Federal timber.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 36 Parks, Forests, and Public Property 2 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Prohibitions against exporting unprocessed Federal timber. 223.188 Section 223.188 Parks, Forests, and Public Property FOREST... Program § 223.188 Prohibitions against exporting unprocessed Federal timber. No person who acquires...

36 CFR 223.188 - Prohibitions against exporting unprocessed Federal timber.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 36 Parks, Forests, and Public Property 2 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Prohibitions against exporting unprocessed Federal timber. 223.188 Section 223.188 Parks, Forests, and Public Property FOREST... Program § 223.188 Prohibitions against exporting unprocessed Federal timber. No person who acquires...

36 CFR 223.188 - Prohibitions against exporting unprocessed Federal timber.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 36 Parks, Forests, and Public Property 2 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Prohibitions against exporting unprocessed Federal timber. 223.188 Section 223.188 Parks, Forests, and Public Property FOREST... Program § 223.188 Prohibitions against exporting unprocessed Federal timber. No person who acquires...

36 CFR 223.188 - Prohibitions against exporting unprocessed Federal timber.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 36 Parks, Forests, and Public Property 2 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Prohibitions against exporting unprocessed Federal timber. 223.188 Section 223.188 Parks, Forests, and Public Property FOREST... Program § 223.188 Prohibitions against exporting unprocessed Federal timber. No person who acquires...

Minnesota timber industry--an assessment of timber product output and use, 1990.

Treesearch

Ronald L. Hackett; Richard A. Dahlman

1993-01-01

Discusses recent Minnesota forest industry trends; production and receipts of pulpwood, saw logs, and veneer logs; and production of other timber products in 1990. Reports on logging residue, wood and bark residue generated at primary wood-using mills, and disposition of mill residues.

36 CFR 223.187 - Determinations of unprocessed timber.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... AGRICULTURE SALE AND DISPOSAL OF NATIONAL FOREST SYSTEM TIMBER, SPECIAL FOREST PRODUCTS, AND FOREST BOTANICAL...) and its implementing regulations. I fully understand that exporting unprocessed timber originating... domestically is a violation of this Act, its implementing regulations, and the False Statements Act (18 U.S.C...

Two-rail steel-backed timber guardrail system : Crown Point Highway, Multnomah County, Oregon : final report.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1995-02-01

In 1920, to provide for the safety of drivers on the Columbia River Highway, two-rail timber guardrail were installed. Subsequently, the two-rail timber guardrail were replaced by more modern guardrail. Recently, the Historic Columbia River Highway A...

DEVELOPING A PRODUCTION POSSIBILITY SET OF WILDLIFE SPECIES PERSISTENCE AND TIMBER HARVEST VALUE

EPA Science Inventory

An integrated model combing a wildlife population simulation model, and timber harvest and growth models was developed to explore the tradeoffs between the likelihood of persistence of a hypothetical wildlife species and timber harvest volumes on a landscape in the Central Oregon...

36 CFR 223.190 - Sourcing area application procedures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... manufacturing facility that processes Federal timber and who is an exporter may apply for a sourcing area... within the proposed sourcing area where the person intends to process timber originating from Federal... knowledge concerning my timber purchasing and export patterns. I certify that the information provided...

Proceedings of the ninetieth stated meeting of the American Ornithologists' Union

USGS Publications Warehouse

Banks, R.C.

1973-01-01

The Ninetieth Stated Meeting of the American Ornithologists' Union was held 14-18 August 1972 at Grand Forks, North Dakota, under the sponsorship of the University of North Dakota and the North Dakota Natural Science Society. Business and technical sessions were held on the campus of the University; some social activities were held at the Westward Ho Motel. Daylong field trips were taken to Lake Itasca, Minnesota, State Park and to saline lakes and prairie potholes in central North Dakota. A longer post-meeting trip to western North Dakota was offered.

Surgical wound healing in radio-tagged adult Pacific lamprey Entosphenus tridentatus held on different substrata

USGS Publications Warehouse

Mesa, M.G.; Magie, R.J.; Copeland, E.S.; Christiansen, H.E.

2011-01-01

Radio-tagged adult Pacific lamprey Entosphenus tridentatus held in a raceway with Plexiglas-lined walls and bottom healed more slowly and retained sutures longer than fish held in an all-concrete raceway or one with Plexiglas walls and a cobble-lined bottom. On all substrata, healing depended on when sutures were lost, and fish that lost their sutures in <14 days post-surgery healed faster than those that kept sutures longer. Long-term suture retention led to tissue trauma, infection and poor survival.

Applications of turbidity monitoring to forest management in California.

PubMed

Harris, Richard R; Sullivan, Kathleen; Cafferata, Peter H; Munn, John R; Faucher, Kevin M

2007-09-01

Many California streams have been adversely affected by sedimentation caused by historic and current land uses, including timber harvesting. The impacts of timber harvesting and logging transportation systems on erosion and sediment delivery can be directly measured, modeled, or inferred from water quality measurements. California regulatory agencies, researchers, and land owners have adopted turbidity monitoring to determine effects of forest management practices on suspended sediment loads and water quality at watershed, project, and site scales. Watershed-scale trends in sediment discharge and responses to current forest practices may be estimated from data collected at automated sampling stations that measure turbidity, stream flow, suspended sediment concentrations, and other water quality parameters. Future results from these studies will provide a basis for assessing the effectiveness of modern forest practice regulations in protecting water quality. At the project scale, manual sampling of water column turbidity during high stream flow events within and downstream from active timber harvest plans can identify emerging sediment sources. Remedial actions can then be taken by managers to prevent or mitigate water quality impacts. At the site scale, manual turbidity sampling during storms or high stream flow events at sites located upstream and downstream from new, upgraded, or decommissioned stream crossings has proven to be a valuable way to determine whether measures taken to prevent post-construction erosion and sediment production are effective. Turbidity monitoring at the project and site scales is therefore an important tool for adaptive management. Uncertainty regarding the effects of current forest practices must be resolved through watershed-scale experiments. In the short term, this uncertainty will stimulate increased use of project and site-scale monitoring.

36 CFR 261.6 - Timber and other forest products.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... or otherwise damaging any timber, tree, or other forest product, except as authorized by a special-use authorization, timber sale contract, or Federal law or regulation. (b) Cutting any standing tree... otherwise identifying any tree or other forest product in a manner similar to that employed by forest...

36 CFR 223.62 - Timber purchaser road construction credit.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... deposits for slash disposal and road maintenance. As used in this section estimated construction costs... 36 Parks, Forests, and Public Property 2 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Timber purchaser road... § 223.62 Timber purchaser road construction credit. Appraisal may also establish stumpage value as if...

Review on antibacterial characteristics of bridge engineering biomaterials.

PubMed

Zhao, Qing-Qing; Chen, Meng-Yao; He, Rui-Lin; Zhang, Zhong-Feng; Ashraf, Muhammad Aqeel

2016-01-01

This review summarizes the research on timber construction materials used in bridge construction. It focuses on the application of antiseptic treatments and the use of timber engineering materials in decks and bridges. This review also provides an overview on the future research and prospects of engineered timber materials.

36 CFR 223.112 - Modification of contracts.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... SALE AND DISPOSAL OF NATIONAL FOREST SYSTEM TIMBER Timber Sale Contracts Contract Administration § 223.112 Modification of contracts. (a) Timber sale contracts may be modified only when the modification.... Modifications may be made by the officer approving the sale, by his successor, or by his superior, except as...

25 CFR 163.23 - Advance payment for timber products.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... otherwise authorized by the Secretary, and except in the case of lump sum (predetermined volume) sales, contracts for the sale of timber from allotted, trust or restricted Indian forest land shall provide for an... advance deposits and advance payments previously applied against timber cut from each ownership in a sale...

Timber rivets in structural composite lumber

Treesearch

Ronald W. Wolfe; Marshall Begel; Bruce Craig

2004-01-01

Timber rivet connections, originally developed for use with glulam construction, may be a viable option for use with structural composite lumber (SCL) products. Tests were conducted on small samples to assess the performance and predictability of timber rivet connections in parallel strand lumber (PSL) and laminated strand lumber (LSL). The test joint configurations...

Timber resource statistics for western Washington.

Treesearch

Coffin D. MacLean; Patricia M. Bassett; Glenn Yeary

1992-01-01

This report summarizes a 1988-90 timber resource inventory of 19 counties in western Washington: Clallam, Clark, Cowlitz, Grays Harbor, Island, Jefferson, King, Kitsap, Lewis, Mason, Pacific, Pierce, San Juan, Skagit, Skamania, Snohomish, Thurston, Wahkiakum, and Whatcom. Detailed tables of forest area, timber volume, growth, mortality, and harvest are presented.

20 CFR 404.1084 - Gain or loss from disposition of property; capital assets; timber, coal, and iron ore...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

...; capital assets; timber, coal, and iron ore; involuntary conversion. 404.1084 Section 404.1084 Employees' Benefits SOCIAL SECURITY ADMINISTRATION FEDERAL OLD-AGE, SURVIVORS AND DISABILITY INSURANCE (1950... from disposition of property; capital assets; timber, coal, and iron ore; involuntary conversion. (a...

36 CFR 219.28 - Determination of land suitable for timber harvest.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... conditions and ecological sustainability, and is necessary to protect multiple-use values other than timber... justified by the ecological, social, or economic benefits considering physical, economic, and other... revision of the plan. (c) Lands where timber may be harvested for other multiple-use values. Except for...

The timber industries of Maryland

Treesearch

James T. Bones; John E. Brodie

1977-01-01

A periodic evaluation of statewide industrial timber output based upon a complete survey of the primary wood manufacturing plants in Maryland. Contains statistics about industrial timber production and receipts in 1975 and the production and disposition of the manufacturing residues that resulted. The 43 million cubic feet of industrial wood produced in 1975...

Nondestructive evaluation of incipient decay in hardwood logs

Treesearch

Xiping Wang; Jan Wiedenbeck; Robert J. Ross; John W. Forsman; John R. Erickson; Crystal Pilon; Brian K. Brashaw

2005-01-01

Decay can cause significant damage to high-value hardwood timber. New nondestructive evaluation (NDE) technologies are urgently needed to effectively detect incipient decay in hardwood timber at the earliest possible stage. Currently, the primary means of inspecting timber relies on visual assessment criteria. When visual inspections are used exclusively, they provide...

Timber and Amenities on Nonindustrial Private Forest Land

Treesearch

Subhrendu K. Pattanayak; Karen Lee Abt; Thomas P. Holmes

2003-01-01

Economic analyses of the joint production timber and amenities from nonindustrial private forest lands (NIPF) have been conducted for several decades. Binkley (1981) summarized this strand of research and elegantly articulated a microeconomic household model in which NIPF owners maximize utility by choosing optimal combinations of timber income and amenities. Most...

Historical reflections on the Arkansas cross timbers

Treesearch

Don C. Bragg

2004-01-01

Kuclller's original rnap of potential natural vegetation suggested that the eastern-most extension of the "Cross Timbers" oak-dominated woodland reached into extreme western Arkansas. Iiecellt investigations have found possible old-growth Cross Timber communities in narrow strips along steep, rocky sandstone and shale ridges near Fort Chaffee and Hackett...

An analysis of Pennsylvania's forest resources

Treesearch

Douglas S. Powell; Thomas J., Jr. Considine; Thomas J. Considine

1982-01-01

A comprehensive analysis of the current status and trends of the forest resources of Pennsylvania. Topics include forest area, timber volume, biomass, timber products, timber's role in the state's economy, growth, and removals. Forest area, volume, growth and removals are projected through 2008. A detailed treatment is glven to water, soil, minerals, fish,...

36 CFR 223.62 - Timber purchaser road construction credit.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 36 Parks, Forests, and Public Property 2 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Timber purchaser road construction credit. 223.62 Section 223.62 Parks, Forests, and Public Property FOREST SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE SALE AND DISPOSAL OF NATIONAL FOREST SYSTEM TIMBER, SPECIAL FOREST PRODUCTS, AND FOREST BOTANICAL...

36 CFR 223.62 - Timber purchaser road construction credit.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 36 Parks, Forests, and Public Property 2 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Timber purchaser road construction credit. 223.62 Section 223.62 Parks, Forests, and Public Property FOREST SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE SALE AND DISPOSAL OF NATIONAL FOREST SYSTEM TIMBER, SPECIAL FOREST PRODUCTS, AND FOREST BOTANICAL...

36 CFR 223.62 - Timber purchaser road construction credit.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 36 Parks, Forests, and Public Property 2 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Timber purchaser road construction credit. 223.62 Section 223.62 Parks, Forests, and Public Property FOREST SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE SALE AND DISPOSAL OF NATIONAL FOREST SYSTEM TIMBER, SPECIAL FOREST PRODUCTS, AND FOREST BOTANICAL...

36 CFR 223.62 - Timber purchaser road construction credit.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 36 Parks, Forests, and Public Property 2 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Timber purchaser road construction credit. 223.62 Section 223.62 Parks, Forests, and Public Property FOREST SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE SALE AND DISPOSAL OF NATIONAL FOREST SYSTEM TIMBER, SPECIAL FOREST PRODUCTS, AND FOREST BOTANICAL...

43 CFR 9269.3-5 - Timber management.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 43 Public Lands: Interior 2 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Timber management. 9269.3-5 Section 9269.3-5 Public Lands: Interior Regulations Relating to Public Lands (Continued) BUREAU OF LAND MANAGEMENT... Timber management. (a) Sales of forest products; general. [Reserved] (b) Non-sale disposals; general—(1...

43 CFR 9269.3-5 - Timber management.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 43 Public Lands: Interior 2 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Timber management. 9269.3-5 Section 9269.3-5 Public Lands: Interior Regulations Relating to Public Lands (Continued) BUREAU OF LAND MANAGEMENT... Timber management. (a) Sales of forest products; general. [Reserved] (b) Non-sale disposals; general—(1...

43 CFR 9269.3-5 - Timber management.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 43 Public Lands: Interior 2 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Timber management. 9269.3-5 Section 9269.3-5 Public Lands: Interior Regulations Relating to Public Lands (Continued) BUREAU OF LAND MANAGEMENT... Timber management. (a) Sales of forest products; general. [Reserved] (b) Non-sale disposals; general—(1...

43 CFR 9269.3-5 - Timber management.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 43 Public Lands: Interior 2 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Timber management. 9269.3-5 Section 9269.3-5 Public Lands: Interior Regulations Relating to Public Lands (Continued) BUREAU OF LAND MANAGEMENT... Timber management. (a) Sales of forest products; general. [Reserved] (b) Non-sale disposals; general—(1...

Wisconsin timber industry--an assessment of timber product output and use, 1999

Treesearch

William H. IV Reading; James W. Whipple

2003-01-01

Discusses recent Wisconsin forest industry trends; production and receipts of pulpwood; and production of saw logs, veneer logs, and other timber products in 1999. Reports on logging residue, on wood and bark residue generated at primary wood-using mills, and on disposition of mill residues.

A method for estimating operability and location of the timber resource.

Treesearch

John S. Jr. Spencer; Mark H. Hansen; Pamela J. Jakes

1986-01-01

Operability is the relative ease or difficulty of managing or harvesting timber because of physical conditions in the stand or on the site. Using data collected during standard statewide forest inventories, we developed a method for classifying timber by operability class based on seven operability components.

Wisconsin timber industry--an assessment of timber output trends.

Treesearch

James E. Blyth; James W. Whipple; Terry Mace; W. Brad Smith

1985-01-01

Discusses recent Wisconsin forest industry trends; production and receipts of pulpwood, saw logs, and veneer logs; and production of fuelwood and other timber products in 1981. Reports on logging residue, on wood and bark residue generated at primary wood-using mills, and on disposition of this mill residue.

Michigan timber industry--an assessment of timber product output and use, 1988.

Treesearch

W. Brad Smith; Anthony K. Weatherspoon; John Pilon

1990-01-01

Discusses recent Michigan forest industry trends; production and receipts of pulpwood, saw logs, and veneer logs; and production of other timber products in 1988. Reports on logging residue, on wood and bark residue generated at primary wood-using mills, and on disposition of this mill residue.

Timber resource statistics for non-federal forest land in northwest Oregon.

Treesearch

Donald R. Gedney; Patricia M. Bassett; Mary A. Mei

1986-01-01

This report summarizes a 1986 timber resource inventory of the non-Federal forest land in the 10 counties (Clackamas, Clatsop, Columbia, Hood River, Marion, Multnomah , Polk, Tillamook, Washington, and Yamhill) in northwest Oregon. Detailed tables of forest area, timber volume, growth, mortality, and harvest are presented.

Indiana's timber industry--an assessment of timber product output and use, 1995.

Treesearch

Ronald L. Hackett; Jeff Settle

1998-01-01

Discusses recent Indiana forest industry trends; production and receipts of saw logs, pulpwood, and veneer logs; and production of other timber products in 1995. Reports on harvest residue, on wood and bark residue generated at primary wood-using mills, and on disposition of this mill residue.

Timber salvage economics

Treesearch

Jeffrey P. Prestemon; Thomas P. Holmes

2008-01-01

Timber salvage is commonly done following natural disturbances, to recover some value from damaged forests. Decision making about salvage, however, is affected by ownership objectives, the nature of the damage agent, site factors, and the strength of the local timber market. For profit-maximizing landowners, salvage decisions must balance the cost of harvesting...

75 FR 17896 - Submission for OMB Review; Comment Request

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-04-08

... techniques or other forms of information technology should be addressed to: Desk Officer for Agriculture....C. 472a (14)(c) (Act) requires timber sale operating plans on timber sales that exceed 2 years in... within 60 days of award of timber sale contracts and annually thereafter until harvest is complete...

Deterioration rates of blowndown timber and potential problems associated with product recovery.

Treesearch

Paul E. Aho; James M. Cahill

1984-01-01

This paper summarizes published reports of deterioration and product recovery studies conducted on dead timber. Decay rates experienced in blowndown timber are presented for western redcedar (Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don), Douglasfir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco), western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.), and...

36 CFR 223.63 - Advertised rates.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 36 Parks, Forests, and Public Property 2 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Advertised rates. 223.63... DISPOSAL OF NATIONAL FOREST SYSTEM TIMBER Timber Sale Contracts Appraisal and Pricing § 223.63 Advertised rates. Timber shall be advertised for sale at its appraised value. The road construction cost used to...

36 CFR 223.85 - Noncompetitive sale of timber.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... SALE AND DISPOSAL OF NATIONAL FOREST SYSTEM TIMBER, SPECIAL FOREST PRODUCTS, AND FOREST BOTANICAL...). Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraph (a) of this section or any other regulation in this part, for timber... any other regulation in this part, when such extraordinary conditions exist on sales not addressed in...

36 CFR 223.14 - Where timber may be cut.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 36 Parks, Forests, and Public Property 2 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Where timber may be cut. 223.14 Section 223.14 Parks, Forests, and Public Property FOREST SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE SALE AND DISPOSAL OF NATIONAL FOREST SYSTEM TIMBER, SPECIAL FOREST PRODUCTS, AND FOREST BOTANICAL PRODUCTS...

36 CFR 223.1 - Authority to sell timber.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... General Provisions § 223.1 Authority to sell timber. Trees, portions of trees, and other forest products... 36 Parks, Forests, and Public Property 2 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Authority to sell timber. 223.1 Section 223.1 Parks, Forests, and Public Property FOREST SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE SALE...

36 CFR 223.1 - Authority to sell timber.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... General Provisions § 223.1 Authority to sell timber. Trees, portions of trees, and other forest products... 36 Parks, Forests, and Public Property 2 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Authority to sell timber. 223.1 Section 223.1 Parks, Forests, and Public Property FOREST SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE SALE...

36 CFR 223.1 - Authority to sell timber.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... General Provisions § 223.1 Authority to sell timber. Trees, portions of trees, and other forest products... 36 Parks, Forests, and Public Property 2 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Authority to sell timber. 223.1 Section 223.1 Parks, Forests, and Public Property FOREST SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE SALE...

36 CFR 223.14 - Where timber may be cut.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 36 Parks, Forests, and Public Property 2 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Where timber may be cut. 223.14 Section 223.14 Parks, Forests, and Public Property FOREST SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE SALE AND DISPOSAL OF NATIONAL FOREST SYSTEM TIMBER, SPECIAL FOREST PRODUCTS, AND FOREST BOTANICAL PRODUCTS...

36 CFR 223.1 - Authority to sell timber.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... General Provisions § 223.1 Authority to sell timber. Trees, portions of trees, and other forest products... 36 Parks, Forests, and Public Property 2 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Authority to sell timber. 223.1 Section 223.1 Parks, Forests, and Public Property FOREST SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE SALE...

36 CFR 223.14 - Where timber may be cut.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 36 Parks, Forests, and Public Property 2 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Where timber may be cut. 223.14 Section 223.14 Parks, Forests, and Public Property FOREST SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE SALE AND DISPOSAL OF NATIONAL FOREST SYSTEM TIMBER, SPECIAL FOREST PRODUCTS, AND FOREST BOTANICAL PRODUCTS...

36 CFR 223.14 - Where timber may be cut.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 36 Parks, Forests, and Public Property 2 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Where timber may be cut. 223.14 Section 223.14 Parks, Forests, and Public Property FOREST SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE SALE AND DISPOSAL OF NATIONAL FOREST SYSTEM TIMBER, SPECIAL FOREST PRODUCTS, AND FOREST BOTANICAL PRODUCTS...

Evaluation of the performance of a press-lam timber bridge : interim report no. 1, bridge installation and load test.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1977-01-01

The report describes the installation and load test of the world's first press-lam timber bridge superstructure. A five-man crew replaced the substandard steel stringer-timber deck superstructure on Rte. 610 over Little Stoney Creek in Shenandoah Cou...

Washington's public and private forests.

Treesearch

Charles L. Bolsinger; Neil McKay; Donald FL Gedney; Carol Alerich

1997-01-01

This report summarizes and analyzes 1988-91 timber inventories of western and eastern Washington. These inventories were conducted on all private and public lands except National Forests. Timber resource statistics from National Forest inventories also are presented. Detailed tables provide estimates of forest area, timber volume, growth, mortality, and harvest. Data...

Wisconsin timber industry--an assessment of timber product output and use, 1988.

Treesearch

W. Brad Smith; James W. Whipple

1990-01-01

Discusses recent Wisconsin forest industry trends; production and receipts of pulpwood, saw logs, and veneer logs; and production of other timber products in 1988. Reports on logging residue, on wood and bark residue generated at primary wood-using mills, and on disposition of this mill residue.

32 CFR 644.504 - Disposal plan for timber.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... merchantable dead timber will be marked for cutting in accordance with the land management plan, Master Plan, or forestry supplement thereto, and cutting will be limited to the timber so marked. The disposal... affecting the installations, and the requirements of such measures will be set forth specifically. (e) Any...

1970 Oregon timber harvest.

Treesearch

Brian R. Wall

1971-01-01

The 1970 Oregon timber harvest of 7.98 billion board feet was the lowest recorded since the recession year of 1961 when 7.41 billion board feet of timber was produced. The 1970 log production figure was 12.8 percent below the 1969 harvest, the second consecutive year of declining production in Oregon.

Responses of timber rattlesnakes to fire: Lessons from two prescribed burns

Treesearch

Steven J. Beaupre; Lara E. Douglas

2012-01-01

Timber rattlesnakes (Crotalus horridus) are excellent model organisms for understanding the effects of large scale habitat manipulations because of their low-energy lifestyle, rapid response to changes in resource environment, uniform diet (small mammals), and simple behaviors. We present two case studies that illustrate interactions between timber...

36 CFR 261.6 - Timber and other forest products.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... or otherwise damaging any timber, tree, or other forest product, except as authorized by a special-use authorization, timber sale contract, or Federal law or regulation. (b) Cutting any standing tree... otherwise identifying any tree or other forest product in a manner similar to that employed by forest...

36 CFR 261.6 - Timber and other forest products.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... or otherwise damaging any timber, tree, or other forest product, except as authorized by a special-use authorization, timber sale contract, or Federal law or regulation. (b) Cutting any standing tree... otherwise identifying any tree or other forest product in a manner similar to that employed by forest...

36 CFR 261.6 - Timber and other forest products.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... or otherwise damaging any timber, tree, or other forest product, except as authorized by a special-use authorization, timber sale contract, or Federal law or regulation. (b) Cutting any standing tree... otherwise identifying any tree or other forest product in a manner similar to that employed by forest...

36 CFR 261.6 - Timber and other forest products.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... or otherwise damaging any timber, tree, or other forest product, except as authorized by a special-use authorization, timber sale contract, or Federal law or regulation. (b) Cutting any standing tree... otherwise identifying any tree or other forest product in a manner similar to that employed by forest...

Restocking conditions on the burned-over forest lands of southwestern Maine, June 1949

Treesearch

Wayne G. Banks; James C. Rettie

1949-01-01

Disastrous fires swept over some 130,000 acres of forest land in southwestern Maine during the autumn of 1947. Practically all of the timber stand (211 million board feet of saw timber and 400,000 cords of pole timber) was killed or injured by this fire.

36 CFR 223.201 - Limitations on unprocessed timber harvested in Alaska.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 36 Parks, Forests, and Public Property 2 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Limitations on unprocessed timber harvested in Alaska. 223.201 Section 223.201 Parks, Forests, and Public Property FOREST SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE SALE AND DISPOSAL OF NATIONAL FOREST SYSTEM TIMBER, SPECIAL FOREST PRODUCTS, AND...

Wisconsin timber industry--an assessment of timber product output and use, 1990.

Treesearch

Ronald L. Hackett; James W. Whipple

1993-01-01

Discusses recent Wisconsin forest industry trends; production and receipts of pulpwood, saw logs, and veneer logs; and production of other timber products in 1990. Reports on logging residue, on wood and bark residue generated at primary wood-using mills, and on disposition of this mill residue.

Wisconsin timber industry--an assessment of timber product output and use, 1996.

Treesearch

Ronald L. Hackett; Ronald J. Piva; James W. Whipple

2002-01-01

Discusses recent Wisconsin forest industry trends: production and receipts of pulpwood, saw logs, and veneer logs; and production of other timber products in 1996. Reports on logging residue, on wood and bark residue generated at primary wood-using mills, and on disposition of mill residues.

Wisconsin timber industry--an assessment of timber product output and use.

Treesearch

Ronald L. Hackett; James W. Whipple

1995-01-01

Discusses recent Wisconsin forest industry trends; production and receipts of pulpwood, saw logs, and veneer logs; and production of other timber products in 1992. Reports on logging residue, on wood and bark residue generated at primary wood-using mills, and on disposition of this mill residue.

75 FR 81210 - Wrangell Ranger District; Alaska; Wrangell Island Project Environmental Impact Statement

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-12-27

... opportunity involving a variety of timber harvest, road construction, and forest restoration and enhancement... authorize forest restoration and enhancement activities, timber harvest, and associated road construction on... Forest Service is proposing a multi-year stewardship project involving a variety of timber harvest, road...

Fiber farming with insecticidal

Treesearch

Leah S. Bauer

1997-01-01

Naturally regenerated forests are the primary source of timber, fiber, and fuel throughout much of the world today. In the United States, however, public outcry over increasing forest fragmentation and habitat loss is reducing timber harvests in many areas. As our demand for forest products exceeds supplies, reliance on international timber resources will escalate,...

Timber resource of Missouri's Riverborder, 1972.

Treesearch

John S. Jr. Spencer; Arnold J. Ostrom

1975-01-01

The third timber inventory of Missouri's Riverborder Forest Survey Unit shows that neither the total volume of growing stock nor of sawtimber changed significantly between 1959 and 1972. Area of commercial forest land declined slightly. Presents statistics on forest area and timber volume, growth, mortality, ownership and use in 1972.

Timber management and use-value assessment

Treesearch

Paul E. Sendak; Neil K. Huyler

1994-01-01

Describes timber management activity and estimates timber harvest from forest land enrolled in Vermont's Use Value Appraisal (UVA) Forest Land property tax program. Data were compiled from the mandatory management plans and annual conformance reports filed for each property enrolled in the Program. Overall, 31 percent of the UVA properties reported a commercial...

Phase I archaeological survey of the proposed timber harvest areas in traininq areas 8, 13, and 14 on the Fort Knox Military Reservation, Hardin and Meade Counties, Kentucky. Final report, June-July 1995

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Schenian, P.A.

1995-07-01

In June and July 1995, the Fort Knox Contract Staff Archaeologist conducted a Phase I archaeological survey of proposed timber harvest areas in Training Areas 8, 13, and 14 on the Fort Knox Military Reservation, Hardin and Meade Counties, Kentucky. The timber areas consist of five small, disjoint project areas encompassing a total of 11 acres (4.4 ha). The trees to be harvested had been marked by the forestry section prior to the survey. All timber areas were walked in their entirety. No evidence of archaeological sites was found in this study. It is recommended that the timber harvesting bemore » conducted as proposed.« less

Reinforcement of timber beams with carbon fibers reinforced plastics

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gugutsidze, G.; Draškovič, F.

2010-06-01

Wood is a polymeric material with many valuable features and which also lacks some negative features. In order to keep up with high construction rates and the minimization of negative effects, wood has become one of the most valuable materials in modern engineering. But the use of timber material economically is also an actual problem in order to protect the environment and improve natural surroundings. A panel of scientists is interested in solving these problems and in creating rational structures, where timber can be used efficiently. These constructions are as follows: glue-laminated (gluelam), composed and reinforced wooden constructions. Composed and reinforced wooden constructions are examined less, but according to researches already carried out, it is clear that significant work can be accomplished in creating rational, highly effective and economic timber constructions. The paper deals with research on the formation of composed fiber-reinforced beams (CFRP) made of timber and provide evidence of their effectiveness. The aim of the paper is to investigate cross-bending of CFRP-reinforced gluelaminated timber beams. According to the results we were able to determine the additional effectiveness of reinforcement with CFRP (which depends on the CFRP material's quality, quantity and module of elasticity) on the mechanical features of timber and a whole beam.

75 FR 23242 - International Whaling Commission; 62nd Annual Meeting; Announcement of Public Meetings

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-05-03

... be held in the NOAA Science Center Room, 1301 East-West Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910. FOR FURTHER... posted on the IWC Secretariat's website at http://www.iwcoffice.org . NOAA will hold meetings prior to...., Seattle, WA 98115. The May 26 meeting will be held in the NOAA Science Center Room, 1301 East-West Highway...

26 CFR 1.611-3 - Rules applicable to timber.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... taxpayer making the return, as the result of the growth of the timber, of changes in standards of... for depletion) shall be revised. The depletion unit shall be changed when such revision has been made... until a change in facts requires another revision. (f) Determination of fair market value of timber...

26 CFR 1.611-3 - Rules applicable to timber.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... taxpayer making the return, as the result of the growth of the timber, of changes in standards of... for depletion) shall be revised. The depletion unit shall be changed when such revision has been made... until a change in facts requires another revision. (f) Determination of fair market value of timber...

26 CFR 1.611-3 - Rules applicable to timber.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... taxpayer making the return, as the result of the growth of the timber, of changes in standards of... for depletion) shall be revised. The depletion unit shall be changed when such revision has been made... until a change in facts requires another revision. (f) Determination of fair market value of timber...

26 CFR 1.611-3 - Rules applicable to timber.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... taxpayer making the return, as the result of the growth of the timber, of changes in standards of... for depletion) shall be revised. The depletion unit shall be changed when such revision has been made... until a change in facts requires another revision. (f) Determination of fair market value of timber...

32 CFR 644.551 - Equal opportunity-sales of timber, embedded sand, gravel, stone, and surplus structures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 32 National Defense 4 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Equal opportunity-sales of timber, embedded sand... (Continued) DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY (CONTINUED) REAL PROPERTY REAL ESTATE HANDBOOK Disposal Sale Procedure § 644.551 Equal opportunity—sales of timber, embedded sand, gravel, stone, and surplus structures...

36 CFR 223.47 - Date of completion of permanent road construction.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

..., DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE SALE AND DISPOSAL OF NATIONAL FOREST SYSTEM TIMBER, SPECIAL FOREST PRODUCTS, AND FOREST BOTANICAL PRODUCTS Timber Sale Contracts Contract Conditions and Provisions § 223.47 Date of... obligations as set forth in the Notice of Sale shall be incorporated into the timber sale contract. (b) This...

The timber industries of Pennsylvania, 1988

Treesearch

Eric H. Wharton; John L. Bearer; John L. Bearer

1993-01-01

Evaluates regional timber output of Pennsylvania. Results are based on a survey of primary processing mills located in the state, and of mills in other states that used wood from Pennsylvania. Contains statistics on industrial timber production and mill receipts and the production and final end use of manufacturing residues. Comparisons are made between historical and...

Alaska's timber harvest and forest products industry, 2005

Treesearch

Jeff M. Halbrook; Todd A. Morgan; Jason P. Brandt; Charles E. Keegan; Thale Dillon; Tara M. Barrett

2009-01-01

This report traces the flow of timber harvested in Alaska during calendar year 2005, describes the composition and operations of the state's primary forest products industry, and quantifies volumes and uses of wood fiber. Historical wood products industry changes are discussed, as well as trends in timber harvest, production, and sales of primary wood products....

Economic feasibility of including game habitats in timber management systems

Treesearch

Lowell K. Halls

1975-01-01

Profits largely determine management decisions on commercial forest lands. Past decisions have therefore favored timber production over wildlife, and practices advantageous to wildlife were usually incidental. This paper explains how effective timber management on public and private lands can be coordinated with wildlife needs to obtain revenues from hunting as well...

Identifying and evaluating environmental impacts associated with timber harvest scheduling policies.

Treesearch

Robert M. Randall; Robert W. Sassaman

1979-01-01

Expected impacts on the ecosystem and nontimber benefits (that is, people's use of the resources—recreation, hunting, fishing, swimming, etc.) resulting from alternative timber harvest scheduling policies are identified and evaluated for the Mount Hood National Forest. Environmental criteria are established and used in evaluations of timber harvest and...

Chapter 2: Manufacturing Cross-laminated timber manufacturing

Treesearch

Borjen Yeh; Dave Kretschmann; Brad (Jianhe) Wang

2013-01-01

Cross-laminated timber ( CLT) is defined as a prefabricated solid engineered wood product made of at least three orthogonally bonded layers of solid-sawn lumber or structural composite lumber (SCL) that are laminated by gluing oflongitudinal and transverse layers with structural adhesives to form a solid rectangular-shaped, straight, and plane timber intended for roof...

Live Load Testing of Historic Covered Timber Bridges

Treesearch

Travis Hosteng; James Wacker; Brent Phares

2013-01-01

The National Historic Covered Bridge Preservation Program (NHCBP), sponsored by the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA), is intended to preserve covered timber bridge structures nationwide. Today, less than 700 covered timber bridges still exist in the United States and of those many are closed to vehicular traffic. Furthermore, a large percentage of the remaining...

Forest statistics of Indiana

Treesearch

The Forest Survey Organization Central States Forest Experiment Station

1953-01-01

The Forest Survey is conducted in the various regions by the forest experiment stations of the Forest Service. In Indiana the project is directed by the Central States Forest Experiment Station with headquarters in Columbus, Ohio. This Survey Release presents the more significant preliminary statistics on the forest area timber volume, timber growth, and timber drain...

Forest statistics of Kentucky

Treesearch

The Forest Survey Organization Central States Forest Experiment Station

1952-01-01

The Forest Survey is conducted in the various regions by the forest experiment stations of the Forest Service. In Kentucky the project is directed by the Central States Forest Experiment Station with headquarters in Columbus, Ohio. This Survey Release presents the more significant preliminary statistics on the forest area, timber volume, timber growth, and timber drain...

Estimating economic impacts of timber-based industry expansion in northeastern Minnesota.

Treesearch

Daniel L. Erkkila; Dietmar W. Rose; Allen L. Lundgren

1982-01-01

Analysis of current and projected timber supplies in northeastern Minnesota indicates that expanded timber-based industrial activity could be supported. The impacts of a hypothetical industrial development scenario, including construction of waferboard plants and a wood-fueled power plant, were estimated using an input-output model. Development had noticeable impacts...

Iowa timber industry--an assessment of timber product output and use, 2000.

Treesearch

Ronald J. Piva; Dennis D. Michel

2003-01-01

Discusses recent Iowa forest industry trends; production and receipts of industrial roundwood; and production of saw logs, veneer logs, and pulpwood in 2000. Reports on logging residue generated from timber harvest operations. Also reports on wood and bark residue generated at primary wood using mills and on disposition of mill residues.

Modeling Forest Timber Productivity in the South: Where Are We Today?

Treesearch

V. Clark Baldwin; Quang V. Cao

1999-01-01

The current southern species growth and yield prediction capability, new techniques utilized, and modeling trends over the last 17 years, were examined. Changing forest management objectives that emphasize more non-timber resources may have contributed to the continuing genetii lack of emphasis in modeling the timber productivity of the South's largest forest...

36 CFR 223.195 - Procedures for identifying and marking unprocessed timber.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... procedures required herein. (f) Waiver of branding requirements. Regional Foresters may waive the branding... individual timber sale basis, all or a portion of the branding requirements pursuant to paragraph (c)(2) of...) Regions 5 and 6. On an individual timber sale basis, the branding requirement pursuant to paragraph (c)(2...

Compatibility of intensive timber culture with recreation, water and wildlife management

Treesearch

Samuel P. Shaw

1977-01-01

Two principles of ecology can be applied to make management for recreation, water, and wildlife habitat compatible with timber management. They are diversity within plant communities (i.e. timber types) and interspersion of these diverse communities in place and time. Intensive cultural operations can be the tool to create the...

Indiana's timber resource, 1986: an analysis.

Treesearch

John S. Jr. Spencer; Neal P. Kingsley; Robert W. Mayer

1990-01-01

The third inventory of Indiana's timber resource shows that area of timberland increased from 3.9 to 4.3 million acres between 1967 and 1986, and growing-stock volume gained from 3.7 to 5.2 billion cubic feet. Presented are analysis and statistics on forest area and timber volume, growth, mortality, removals, and projections.

Indiana's timber.

Treesearch

John S. Jr. Spencer

1969-01-01

The second (1967) survey of Indiana's 4 million forested acres shows 3.5 billion cubic feet of growing stock on 3.9 million acres of commercial forest land. Presented are statistics on timber area, volume, growth, mortality, and use. Projections of timber growth, removals, and inventory are made to 1992, and possible future changes in the forest are discussed....

The growing timber resource of Michigan, 1966.

Treesearch

Clarence D. Chase; Ray E. Pfeifer; John S. Spencer

1969-01-01

The third (1966) Forest Survey of Michigan shows sizable gains in growing-stock and sawtimber volumes since 1955, despite a small decline in the commercial forest area. Presented are statistics on forest area and timber volume, growth, mortality, ownership, stocking, and use. Also presented is a projection of timber growth, removals, and inventory to 1996.

Indiana timber industry--an assessment of timber product output and use, 2000

Treesearch

Ronald J. Piva; Joey Gallion

2003-01-01

Discusses recent Indiana forest industry trends; production and receipts of industrial roundwood; and production of saw logs, veneer logs, and pulpwood in 2000. Reports on logging residue generated from timber harvest operations. Also reports on wood and bark residue generated at primary wood-using mills and on disposition of mill residues.

Timber resource of Missouri's Southwestern Ozarks, 1972.

Treesearch

Arnold J. Ostrom; Jerold T. Hahn

1974-01-01

The third timber inventory of Missouri's Southwestern Ozarks Forest Survey Unit shows a substantial decline in the volumes of both growing stock and sawtimber between 1959 and 1972. Commercial forest area also declined substantially during the same period. Presented are highlights and statistics on forest area and timber volume, growth, mortality, ownership, and...

Sawlog grades for eastern white pine

Treesearch

Myron D. Ostrander; Robert L. Brisbin; Robert L. Brisbin

1971-01-01

In 1957, the USDA Forest Service Log Grade Committee recommended a service-wide action program in log- and tree-grade research. Approval of the program in 1958 resulted in the establishment of five species-oriented timber-quality research projects covering several groups of commercially important timber species. The eastern softwood timber-quality project was activated...

Compatability of timber salvage operations with watershed values

Treesearch

Roger J. Poff

1989-01-01

Timber salvage on the Indian Burn was carried out without compromising watershed values. In some cases watershed condition was actually improved by providing ground cover, by removing trees that were a source of erosive water droplets, and by breaking up hydrophobic soil layers. Negative impacts of timber salvage on watersheds were minimized by using an...

South Dakota timber industry--an assessment of timber product output and use, 1999.

Treesearch

Ronald J. Piva; Gregory J. Josten

2003-01-01

Discusses recent South Dakota forest industry trends; production and receipts of industrial roundwood; and production of saw logs in 1999. Reports on logging residue generated from timber harvest operations. Also reports on wood and bark residue generated at primary wood-using mills and on disposition of mill residues.

Computer software to estimate timber harvesting system production, cost, and revenue

Treesearch

Dr. John E. Baumgras; Dr. Chris B. LeDoux

1992-01-01

Large variations in timber harvesting cost and revenue can result from the differences between harvesting systems, the variable attributes of harvesting sites and timber stands, or changing product markets. Consequently, system and site specific estimates of production rates and costs are required to improve estimates of harvesting revenue. This paper describes...

36 CFR 223.118 - Appeal process for small business timber sale set-aside program share recomputation decisions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... FOREST SYSTEM TIMBER, SPECIAL FOREST PRODUCTS, AND FOREST BOTANICAL PRODUCTS Timber Sale Contracts...) raised by the appeal; (vi) If relevant, any specific references to any law, regulation, or policy that... receive an opportunity, in accordance with all applicable laws and regulations, to review and comment on...

43 CFR 5511.3-4 - Removal by agent.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

..., DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR FOREST MANAGEMENT (5000) FREE USE OF TIMBER Free Use Regulations § 5511.3-4 Removal by agent. A free-use permittee may procure the timber by agent. Such agent shall not, however, be paid more than fair compensation for the time, labor and money expended in procuring timber and...

43 CFR 5511.3-4 - Removal by agent.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

..., DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR FOREST MANAGEMENT (5000) FREE USE OF TIMBER Free Use Regulations § 5511.3-4 Removal by agent. A free-use permittee may procure the timber by agent. Such agent shall not, however, be paid more than fair compensation for the time, labor and money expended in procuring timber and...

43 CFR 5511.3-4 - Removal by agent.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

..., DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR FOREST MANAGEMENT (5000) FREE USE OF TIMBER Free Use Regulations § 5511.3-4 Removal by agent. A free-use permittee may procure the timber by agent. Such agent shall not, however, be paid more than fair compensation for the time, labor and money expended in procuring timber and...

43 CFR 5511.3-4 - Removal by agent.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

..., DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR FOREST MANAGEMENT (5000) FREE USE OF TIMBER Free Use Regulations § 5511.3-4 Removal by agent. A free-use permittee may procure the timber by agent. Such agent shall not, however, be paid more than fair compensation for the time, labor and money expended in procuring timber and...

36 CFR 219.11 - Timber requirements based on the NFMA.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 36 Parks, Forests, and Public Property 2 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Timber requirements based on the NFMA. 219.11 Section 219.11 Parks, Forests, and Public Property FOREST SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE PLANNING National Forest System Land Management Planning § 219.11 Timber requirements based on the...

36 CFR 223.6 - Cutting and removal of timber in free-use areas.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 36 Parks, Forests, and Public Property 2 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Cutting and removal of timber in free-use areas. 223.6 Section 223.6 Parks, Forests, and Public Property FOREST SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE SALE AND DISPOSAL OF NATIONAL FOREST SYSTEM TIMBER, SPECIAL FOREST PRODUCTS, AND...

36 CFR 223.6 - Cutting and removal of timber in free-use areas.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 36 Parks, Forests, and Public Property 2 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Cutting and removal of timber in free-use areas. 223.6 Section 223.6 Parks, Forests, and Public Property FOREST SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE SALE AND DISPOSAL OF NATIONAL FOREST SYSTEM TIMBER, SPECIAL FOREST PRODUCTS, AND...

36 CFR 223.6 - Cutting and removal of timber in free-use areas.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 36 Parks, Forests, and Public Property 2 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Cutting and removal of timber in free-use areas. 223.6 Section 223.6 Parks, Forests, and Public Property FOREST SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE SALE AND DISPOSAL OF NATIONAL FOREST SYSTEM TIMBER, SPECIAL FOREST PRODUCTS, AND...

36 CFR 223.6 - Cutting and removal of timber in free-use areas.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 36 Parks, Forests, and Public Property 2 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Cutting and removal of timber in free-use areas. 223.6 Section 223.6 Parks, Forests, and Public Property FOREST SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE SALE AND DISPOSAL OF NATIONAL FOREST SYSTEM TIMBER, SPECIAL FOREST PRODUCTS, AND...

36 CFR 219.11 - Timber requirements based on the NFMA.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 36 Parks, Forests, and Public Property 2 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Timber requirements based on the NFMA. 219.11 Section 219.11 Parks, Forests, and Public Property FOREST SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE PLANNING National Forest System Land Management Planning § 219.11 Timber requirements based on the...

36 CFR 219.11 - Timber requirements based on the NFMA.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 36 Parks, Forests, and Public Property 2 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Timber requirements based on the NFMA. 219.11 Section 219.11 Parks, Forests, and Public Property FOREST SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE PLANNING National Forest System Land Management Planning § 219.11 Timber requirements based on the...

Development of a smart timber bridge girder with fiber optic sensors

Treesearch

James Wacker; Ursula Deza; Brent M. Phares; Terry J. Wipf

2010-01-01

Past timber bridge evaluation and maintenance efforts in the USA have principally focused on the internal integrity of timber components using various non-destructive evaluation tools to supplement visual inspection data. This project is part of a comprehensive effort to develop smart structure concepts for improving the long-term performance, maintenance, and...

Wyoming's forest products industry and timber harvest, 2005

Treesearch

Jason P. Brandt; Todd A. Morgan; Mike T. Thompson

2009-01-01

This report traces the flow of Wyoming's 2005 timber harvest through the primary timber-processing industry to the wholesale market and residue-using sectors. The structure, capacity, operations, and conditions of Wyoming's primary forest products industry are described; and volumes and uses of wood fiber are quantified. Historical and recent changes in...

Standing timber coefficients for Indiana walnut log production.

Treesearch

James E. Blyth; Edwin Kallio; John C. Callahan

1969-01-01

If the volume of walnut veneer logs and saw logs received at processing plants from Indiana forests is known, conversion factors developed in this paper can be used to determine how much timber was cut to provide these logs and the kinds of timber that were cut (sawtimber, cull trees, trees on nonforest land, etc.).

1969 Washington timber harvest.

Treesearch

Brian R. Wall

1970-01-01

Washington's timber harvest increased slightly in 1969 to a 40-year high of 7 billion board feet. This is slightly below the record timber harvest of 7.38 billion board feet established in 1829. Private timberland owners in western Washington increased their production 10.9 percent, accounting for most of the increase in the 1969 total harvest. In eastern...

26 CFR 1.611-3 - Rules applicable to timber.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... taxpayer making the return, as the result of the growth of the timber, of changes in standards of... for depletion) shall be revised. The depletion unit shall be changed when such revision has been made... until a change in facts requires another revision. (f) Determination of fair market value of timber...

36 CFR 223.195 - Procedures for identifying and marking unprocessed timber.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... procedures required herein. (f) Waiver of branding requirements. Regional Foresters may waive the branding... individual timber sale basis, all or a portion of the branding requirements pursuant to paragraph (c)(2) of...) Regions 5 and 6. On an individual timber sale basis, the branding requirement pursuant to paragraph (c)(2...

Appropriateness of Probit-9 in development of quarantine treatments for timber and timber commodities

Treesearch

Marcus Schortemeyer; Ken Thomas; Robert A. Haack; Adnan Uzunovic; Kelli Hoover; Jack A. Simpson; Cheryl A. Grgurinovic

2011-01-01

Following the increasing international phasing out of methyl bromide for quarantine purposes, the development of alternative treatments for timber pests becomes imperative. The international accreditation of new quarantine treatments requires verification standards that give confidence in the effectiveness of a treatment. Probit-9 mortality is a standard for treatment...

Optimal control of raw timber production processes

Treesearch

Ivan Kolenka

1978-01-01

This paper demonstrates the possibility of optimal planning and control of timber harvesting activ-ities with mathematical optimization models. The separate phases of timber harvesting are represented by coordinated models which can be used to select the optimal decision for the execution of any given phase. The models form a system whose components are connected and...

Integrated management of timber and deer: coastal forests of British Columbia and Alaska.

Treesearch

J.B. Nyberg; R.S. McNay; M.D. [and others] Kirchhoff

1989-01-01

Current techniques for integrating timber and deer management in coastal British Columbia and Alaska are reviewed and evaluated. Integration can be improved by setting objectives for deer habitat and timber, improving managers' knowledge of interactions, and providing planning tools to analyze alternative programs of forest management. A handbook designed to...

North Dakota timber industry: an assessment of timber product output and use, 2009

Treesearch

David E. Haugen; Robert A. Harsel

2013-01-01

Presents recent North Dakota forest industry trends; production and receipts of industrial roundwood; and production of saw logs and other products in 2009. Logging residue generated from timber harvest operations is reported, as well as wood and bark residue generated at primary wood-using mills and disposition of mill residues.

Kansas timber industry: an assessment of timber product output and use, 2009

Treesearch

David E. Haugen

2013-01-01

Presents recent Kansas forest industry trends; production and receipts of industrial roundwood; and production of saw logs and other products in 2009. Logging residue generated from timber harvest operations is reported, as well as wood and bark residue generated at primary wood-using mills and disposition of mill residues.

Wisconsin timber industry: an assessment of timber product output and use, 2008

Treesearch

David E. Haugen

2013-01-01

Presents recent Wisconsin forest industry trends; production and receipts of industrial roundwood; and production of saw logs, and other products in 2008. Logging residue generated from timber harvest operations is reported, as well as wood and bark residue generated at primary wood-using mills and disposition of mill residues.

Impacts of Hugo Timber Damage on Primary Wood Manufacturers in South Carolina

Treesearch

John H. Syme; Joseph R. Saucier

1992-01-01

Hurricane Hugo, which struck South Carolina in September of 1989, destroyed a significant proportion of the State's timber. Primary wood-products manufacturers in 26 counties were surveyed by mail questionnaire and personal interview to determine Hugo's impacts on their current and future operations. Competition for timber since Hugo has intensified,...

Tree grades for eastern white pine

Treesearch

Robert L. Brisbin; David L. Sonderman; David L. Sonderman

1971-01-01

In 1957 the Forest Service Log Grade Committee recommended a service-wide action program in log and tree grade research. Approval of the program late in 1958 resulted in the establishment of five species-oriented timber- quality research projects covering the several groups of commercially important timber species. The eastern softwood timber-quality project was...

Indiana timber industry--an assessment of timber product output and use, 2005

Treesearch

Ronald J. Piva; Joey Gallion

2007-01-01

Presents recent Indiana forest industry trends; production and receipts of industrial roundwood; and production of saw logs, veneer logs, and pulpwood in 2005. Logging residue generated from timber harvest operations is reported, as well as wood and bark residue generated at primary wood-using mills and disposition of mill residues.

The timber industry of Iowa: an assessment of timber product output and use, 1988.

Treesearch

W. Brad Smith; John Tibben

1990-01-01

Discusses recent Iowa forest industry trends, timber removals for industrial roundwood in 1980, production and receipts of saw logs in 1988, and production of other industrial roundwood products in 1988. Reports on wood and bark residue generated at primary mills and the disposition of this residue.

Timber rattlesnakes and Louisiana pine snakes of the West Gulf Coastal Plain: hypotheses of decline

Treesearch

D. Craig Rudolph; Shirley J. Burgdorf

1997-01-01

Timber rattlesnakes (Croatlus horridus) and Louisiana pine snakes (Pituophis melanoleucus ruthveni) are large-bodies snakes occurring on the West Gulf Coastal Plain. Both species are thoguht to be declining due to increasing habitat alteration. Timber rattlesnakes occur in closed canopy hardwood and pine-hardwood forests, and...

77 FR 27013 - Ketchikan-Misty Fiords Ranger District; Tongass National Forest; Alaska; Saddle Lakes Timber Sale...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-05-08

... (non-system) road. All new road construction would be closed to motorized use after timber harvest..., road construction and reconstruction, and silvicultural practices used; (2) access management measures... integrity objectives for visual priority routes; (3) the effects of timber harvest and road construction on...

36 CFR 294.24 - Timber cutting, sale, or removal in Idaho Roadless Areas.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... construction of a forest road and subsequent timber cutting. Both the road construction and subsequent timber... the roadless characteristics over the long-term; (ii) Use existing roads or aerial harvest systems... any forest roads or temporary roads, including those authorized under § 294.23(b)(2 and 3) until...

Timber price dynamics following a natural catastrophe

Treesearch

Jeffrey P. Prestemon; Thomas P. Holmes

2000-01-01

Catastrophic shocks to existing stocks of a renewable resource can cause long-run price shifts. With timber, these long-run price shifts may be accompanied by a short-run price drop due to salvage. Hurricane Hugo damaged 20 percent of southern pine timber in the South Carolina Coastal Plain in 1989. To estimate the...

Trends in economic scarcity of U.S. timber commodities

Treesearch

K. E. Skog; C. D. Risbrudt

Prompted by continuing concern that timber-based commodities are becoming increasingly scarce, this paper presents information on changes in real prices (prices deflated by the general producer price index) of timber commodities as potential indicators of economic scarcity. Data updating previous studies are shown for sawlog stumpage, delivered sawlogs, and lumber;...

California forests: trends, problems, and opportunities.

Treesearch

Charles L. Bolsinger

1980-01-01

The most recent information on forest area in California, volume of timber, ownership of forest resources, and rate of use and replenishment is summarized. An analysis of physical opportunities to increase timber production is presented, along with a discussion of problems relating to timber production. Also included are detailed statistical tables; a brief historical...

Temporal Aggregation and Testing For Timber Price Behavior

Treesearch

Jeffrey P. Prestemon; John M. Pye; Thomas P. Holmes

2004-01-01

Different harvest timing models make different assumptions about timber price behavior. Those seeking to optimize harvest timing are thus first faced with a decision regarding which assumption of price behavior is appropriate for their market, particularly regarding the presence of a unit root in the timber price time series. Unfortunately for landowners and investors...

Residual timber values within Piedmont streamside management zones of different widths and harvest levels

Treesearch

William A. Lakel; Wallace Aust; C. Andrew Dolloff; Patrick D. Keyser

2015-01-01

Forested streamside management zones (SMZs) provide numerous societal benefits including protection of water quality and enhancement of in-stream and riparian habitats. However, values of residual timber in SMZs are often ignored, yet maintenance of unnecessarily wide SMZs can potentially reduce merchantable timber. Therefore, forestland owners, managers, and logging...

Timberland resources of the Kenai Peninsula, Alaska, 1987.

Treesearch

Willem W.S. van Hees; Frederic R. Larson

1991-01-01

The 1987 inventory of the forest resources of the Kenai Peninsula was designed to assess the impact of the spruce beetle (Dendroctonus rufipennis (Kirby)) on the timberland component of the forest resource. Estimates of timberland area, volumes of timber, and growth and mortality of timber were developed. These estimates of timber resource...

A Preview of "South Carolina's Timber, 1968"

Treesearch

Herbert A. Knight

1968-01-01

A fourth survey of South Carolina's timber resource shows that over the past 10 years the area of commercial forest land has increased by 4 percent and the volume of growing-stock timber by 19 percent. In 1967, net growth of growing stock exceeded removals by over 200 million cubic feet, or 48 percent.

Timber growth, mortality, and change

Treesearch

Roger C. Conner; Michael T. Thompson

2009-01-01

The previous section discussed trends in timber volume. Changes in volume often result from land-use change; that is, land entering or removed from the timber base. On those acres remaining forested, tree growth and mortality are the primary factors for volume change. Annual rates of growth and mortality often differ by species group, ownership, and geographic region....

Recent trends in preservative treatments for timber bridges

Treesearch

James P. Wacker

2004-01-01

An overview of wood preservatives currently used for timber bridges is presented through a series of case studies from different regions of the United States. New wood species and preservative treatment options for timber bridges have made choosing the appropriate preservative more complicated. The compatibility of wood species and preservative treatment is often...

36 CFR 223.191 - Sourcing area disapproval and review procedures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 20, 1990, and was disapproved could either phase out of purchasing Federal timber or phase out of... approved, as follows: (1) Phase-out of Federal timber purchasing. The applicant could purchase, in the 9... such person's purchases of unprocessed Federal timber in such area during the 5 full fiscal years...

Joint Annual Forest Inventory and Monitoring System

Treesearch

Ronald E. McRoberts

1999-01-01

The Renewable Forest and Rangeland Resources Planning Act of 1978 requires that the USDA Forest Service conduct periodic inventories of forestland in the United States to determine its extent and condition and the volume of standing timber, timber growth, and timber depletions. Five separate Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) programs, located in USDA Forest Service...

78 FR 36164 - Tongass National Forest; Ketchikan-Misty Fiords Ranger District; Alaska; Saddle Lakes Timber Sale...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-06-17

... District; Alaska; Saddle Lakes Timber Sale Environmental Impact Statement AGENCY: Forest Service, USDA... Notice of Intent (NOI) to prepare an Environmental Impact Statement for the Saddle Lakes Timber Sale... management plans documented with a Record of Decision or Decision Notice (reference 36 CFR part 218). This...

Forest Statistics for Pennsylvania - 1978

Treesearch

Thomas J. Considine; Douglas S. Powell

1980-01-01

A statistical report on the third forest survey of Pennsylvania conducted in 1977 and 1978. Statistical findings are based on data from remeasured 115-acre plots and both remeasured and new 10-point variable-radius plots. The current status of forestland area, timber volume, and annual growth and removals is presented. Timber products output by timber industries, based...

Experimental study on the strength of double shear timber connection using bamboo dowel fastener

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Anshari, Buan; Sugiartha, Wayan; Mahmud, Fathmah; Rofaida, Aryani; Pathurrahman

2017-11-01

Utilization of timber and bamboo as building materials was very promising for now and future. As renewable resources they have high mechanical properties, lightweight, environmentally friendly and economic. Utilization of bamboo as connector was rarely published. Therefore, this study focused on utilization of non-metal material as connector in timber structure especially for beam and column. This research was conducted in the laboratory to examine the strength of double shear timber connection by using glued in rods (bamboo dowel) as connector with variation of adhesive thickness. As control specimen was used bamboo dowel Ø14 mm without adhesive in double shear connection. The results showed that the strength of double shear timber connection by using glued in rods (bamboo dowel) as connector could increased by 41% to resist axial force higher than the control one.

Trade-offs between carbon stocks and timber recovery in tropical forests are mediated by logging intensity.

PubMed

Roopsind, Anand; Caughlin, T Trevor; van der Hout, Peter; Arets, Eric; Putz, Francis E

2018-07-01

Forest degradation accounts for ~70% of total carbon losses from tropical forests. Substantial emissions are from selective logging, a land-use activity that decreases forest carbon density. To maintain carbon values in selectively logged forests, climate change mitigation policies and government agencies promote the adoption of reduced-impact logging (RIL) practices. However, whether RIL will maintain both carbon and timber values in managed tropical forests over time remains uncertain. In this study, we quantify the recovery of timber stocks and aboveground carbon at an experimental site where forests were subjected to different intensities of RIL (4, 8, and 16 trees/ha). Our census data span 20 years postlogging and 17 years after the liberation of future crop trees from competition in a tropical forest on the Guiana Shield, a globally important forest carbon reservoir. We model recovery of timber and carbon with a breakpoint regression that allowed us to capture elevated tree mortality immediately after logging. Recovery rates of timber and carbon were governed by the presence of residual trees (i.e., trees that persisted through the first harvest). The liberation treatment stimulated faster recovery of timber albeit at a carbon cost. Model results suggest a threshold logging intensity beyond which forests managed for timber and carbon derive few benefits from RIL, with recruitment and residual growth not sufficient to offset losses. Inclusion of the breakpoint at which carbon and timber gains outpaced postlogging mortality led to high predictive accuracy, including out-of-sample R 2 values >90%, and enabled inference on demographic changes postlogging. Our modeling framework is broadly applicable to studies that aim to quantify impacts of logging on forest recovery. Overall, we demonstrate that initial mortality drives variation in recovery rates, that the second harvest depends on old growth wood, and that timber intensification lowers carbon stocks. © 2018 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Timber sale planning and analysis system: A user`s guide to the TSPAS sale program. Forest Service general technical report

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Schuster, E.G.; Jones, J.G.; Meacham, M.L.

1995-08-01

Presents a guide to operation and interpretation of TSPAS Sale Program (TSPAS SP), a menu-driven computer program that is one of two programs in the Timber Sale Planning and Analysis System. TSPAS SP is intended to help field teams design and evaluate timber sale alternatives. TSPAS SP evaluate current and long-term timber implications along with associated nontimber outputs. Features include multiple entries and products, real value change, and graphical input. Guide includes user instructions, a glossary, a listing of data needs, and an explanation of error messages.

Study on bamboo gluing performance numerical simulation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhao, Z. R.; Sun, W. H.; Sui, X. M.; Zhang, X. F.

2018-01-01

Bamboo gluing timber is a green building materials, can be widely used as modern building beams and columns. The existing bamboo gluing timber is usually produced by bamboo columns or bamboo bundle rolled into by bamboo columns. The performance of new bamboo gluing timber is decided by bamboo adhesion character. Based on this, the cohesive damage model of bamboo gluing is created, experiment results are used to validate the model. The model proposed in the work is agreed on the experimental results. Different bamboo bonding length and bamboo gluing performance is analysed. The model is helpful to bamboo integrated timber application.

FOCIS: A forest classification and inventory system using LANDSAT and digital terrain data

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Strahler, A. H.; Franklin, J.; Woodcook, C. E.; Logan, T. L.

1981-01-01

Accurate, cost-effective stratification of forest vegetation and timber inventory is the primary goal of a Forest Classification and Inventory System (FOCIS). Conventional timber stratification using photointerpretation can be time-consuming, costly, and inconsistent from analyst to analyst. FOCIS was designed to overcome these problems by using machine processing techniques to extract and process tonal, textural, and terrain information from registered LANDSAT multispectral and digital terrain data. Comparison of samples from timber strata identified by conventional procedures showed that both have about the same potential to reduce the variance of timber volume estimates over simple random sampling.

Field evaluation of timber preservation treatments for highway applications

Treesearch

Jake J. Bigelow; Carol A. Clausen; Stan T. Lebow; Lowell Greimann

2007-01-01

Timber material repair and replacement cost for timber bridges is a considerable expense to highway agencies in Iowa, especially to county road departments. To address these needs, the objectives of this investigation was to study the field effectiveness of various treatment alternatives used on Iowa roadway projects and to determine if the current specifications and...

Whole tree transportation system for timber processing depots

Treesearch

John Lancaster; Tom Gallagher; Tim  McDonald; Dana Mitchell

2016-01-01

The growing demand for alternative energy has led those who are interested in producing sustainable energy from renewable timber to devise new concepts to satisfy those demands. The concept of timber processing depots, where whole stem trees will be delivered for future processing into wood products and high quality energy fuel, has led to the re-evaluation of our...

Live-load performance evaluation of historic covered timber bridges in the United States

Treesearch

Junwon Seo; Travis K. Hosteng; Brent M. Phares; James P. Wacker

2015-01-01

The National Historic Covered Bridge Preservation Program (NHCBP), sponsored by the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA), was established to preserve the covered timber bridge structures that were constructed in the early 1800s. Today, many of the approximately 880 covered timber bridges still in existence in the United States are closed to vehicular traffic;...

Michigan timber industry—an assessment of timber product output and use, 2008

Treesearch

David E. Haugen; Brian F. Walters; Ronald J. Piva; David Neumann

2014-01-01

Presents recent Michigan forest industry trends; production and receipts of industrial roundwood; and production of saw logs, veneer logs, pulpwood, and other products in 2008. Logging residue generated from timber harvest operations is reported, as well as wood and bark residue generated at primary wood-using mills and disposition of mill residues.

Response of timber growth and avian communities to quality vegetation management in mid-rotation crp pine plantations

Treesearch

Brandon G. Sladek; Ian A. Munn; L. Wes Burder; Scott D. Roberts

2006-01-01

Provisions of the 2002 Farm Bill gave Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) participants greater flexibility to implement mid-contract management activities that encourage wildlife habitat improvement and timber production. Quality Vegetation Management (QVM) is one such technique that utilizes the selective herbicide Imazapyr and prescribed burning. Timber growth (d.b.h...

Timber resources and the timber economy of Okanogan County, Washington.

Treesearch

Charles L. Bolsinger

1975-01-01

In 1972, forest industries in Okanogan County, Washington, accounted for 23 percent of total employment and 29 percent of wages paid. Total forest industrial employment has increased since 1953 but represents a smaller proportion of total employment in the county due to the increase in other industries, mainly construction and trade. Timber harvest has nearly doubled...

Trends in timber use and product recovery in Pennsylvania, 1966-1977

Treesearch

Eric H. Wharton; James T. Bones

1980-01-01

Repeated timber utilization studies in Pennsylvania suggest that the recovery of growing-stock timber has improved over the years. Currently 95 percent of the inventory growing stock volume is being recovered from harvested trees. There are many opportunities to recover additional amounts of biomass from nongrowing-stock trees and logging residues. Until recently,...

Primary wood-product industries of Kentucky - 1969

Treesearch

James T. Bones; Chauncey J. Lohr

1972-01-01

The Forest Service of the U. S. Department of Agriculture conducts continuing forest surveys of all states to provide up-to-date information about the timber resources of the Nation. Since the timber resource reports that result from these surveys are many years apart, information about the forest industries and timber-products output for intervening years is needed,...

The timber industries of Kentucky

Treesearch

James T. Bones; Chauncey J. Lohr

1977-01-01

The 1974 timber-industry survey in Kentucky showed that, since 1969: Total timber output has increased 1 percent to 98.1 million cubic feet. Sawlog production has declined less than ½ percent to 489 million board feet. Pulpwood production has increased 69 percent to 133 thousand cords. Veneer-log production has declined 10 percent to 6.3 million board feet....

The forest resources of West Virginia

Treesearch

James T. Bones

1978-01-01

A statistical and analytical report of the third forest survey of West Virginia by the Forest Service, U. S. Department of Agriculture. Findings are based on the remeasurement of 1/5-acre plots and new 10-point cluster plots. This report analyzes trends in forest land area, timber volume, annual growth, and timber removals. Timber- products output by forest industries...

Forest insect conditions in the Northeast - 1955

Treesearch

W. E. Waters

1956-01-01

The tremendous destructive capacity of forest insects in reducing our resources of usable timber is becoming increasingly apparent as the shoe of the forest economy pinches tighter. The U.S. Forest Service's recent TIMBER RESOURCE REVIEW, which presents the findings of the most comprehensive survey to date of the present and future timber supply of the United...

Accomplishments and economic evaluations of the Forestry Incentives Program: A review

Treesearch

Deborah A. Gaddis; Barry D. New; Fredrick W. Cubbage; Robert C. Abt; Robert J. Moulton

1995-01-01

The Forestry Incentives Program (FIP) is a federal financial cost-share program that is intended to increase the nation's timber supply by increasing tree planting and timber stand improvement on nonindustrial private forest lands. Timber harvest reductions on public lands in the West, environmental constraints on private lands throughout the U.S., and increased...