Melting lizards and crying mailboxes: Children's preferential recall of minimally counterintuitive concepts

PubMed Central

Banerjee, Konika; Haque, Omar S.; Spelke, Elizabeth S.

2013-01-01

Previous research with adults suggests that a catalog of minimally counterintuitive concepts, which underlies supernatural or religious concepts, may constitute a cognitive optimum, and is therefore cognitively encoded and culturally transmitted more successfully than either entirely intuitive concepts or maximally counterintuitive concepts. The current study examines whether children's concept recall similarly is sensitive to the degree of conceptual counterintuitiveness (operationalized as a concept's number of ontological domain violations) for items presented in the context of a fictional narrative. Seven-to-nine-year old children who listened to a story including both intuitive and counterintuitive concepts recalled the counterintuitive concepts containing one (Experiment 1) or two (Experiment 2) but not three (Experiment 3) violations of intuitive ontological expectations significantly more and in greater detail than the intuitive concepts, both immediately after hearing the story and one week later. We conclude that one or two violations of expectation may be a cognitive optimum for children: they are more inferentially rich and therefore more memorable, whereas three or more violations diminish memorability for target concepts. These results suggest that the cognitive bias for minimally counterintuitive ideas is present and active early in human development, near the start of formal religious instruction. This finding supports a growing literature suggesting that diverse, early- emerging, evolved psychological biases predispose humans to hold and perform religious beliefs and practices whose primary form and content is not derived from arbitrary custom or the social environment alone. PMID:23631765

MINIMAL HEPATIC ENCEPHALOPATHY IS ASSOCIATED WITH MOTOR VEHICLE CRASHES: THE REALITY BEYOND THE DRIVING TEST

PubMed Central

Bajaj, Jasmohan S; Saeian, Kia; Schubert, Christine M; Hafeezullah, Muhammad; Franco, Jose; Varma, Rajiv R; Gibson, Douglas P; Hoffmann, Raymond G; Stravitz, R Todd; Heuman, Douglas M; Sterling, Richard K; Shiffman, Mitchell; Topaz, Allyne; Boyett, Sherry; Bell, Debulon; Sanyal, Arun J

2009-01-01

Patients with minimal hepatic encephalopathy (MHE) have impaired driving skills, but association of MHE with motor vehicle crashes is unclear. Standard psychometric tests (SPT) or inhibitory control test (ICT) can be used to diagnose MHE. The aim was to determine the association of MHE with crashes and traffic violations over the preceding year and on 1-year follow-up. Cirrhotics were diagnosed with MHE by ICT (MHEICT) and SPT (MHESPT). Self and department-of-transportation (DOT)-reports were used to determine crashes and violations over the preceding year. Agreement between self and DOT-reports was analyzed. Patients then underwent 1 year follow-up for crash/violation occurrence. Crashes in those with/without MHEICT and MHESPT were compared. 167 cirrhotics had DOT-reports, of which 120 also had self-reports. A significantly higher proportion of MHEICT cirrhotics experienced crashes in the preceding year compared to those without MHE by self-report (17% vs. 0%, p=0.0004) and DOT-reports (17% vs. 3%, p=0.004, relative risk:5.77). SPT did not differentiate between those with/without crashes. A significantly higher proportion of patients with crashes had MHEICT compared to MHESPT, both self-reported (100% vs. 50%, p=0.03) and DOT-reported (89% vs. 44%, p=0.01). There was excellent agreement between self and DOT-reports for crashes and violations (Kappa 0.90 and 0.80). 109 patients were followed prospectively. MHEICT patients had a significantly higher future crashes/violations compared to those without (22% vs. 7%, p=0.03) but MHESPT did not. MHEICT (Odds ratio:4.51) and prior year crash/violation (Odds ratio:2.96) were significantly associated with future crash/violation occurrence. PMID:19670416

Minimal modification of tri-bimaximal neutrino mixing and leptonic CP violation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kang, Sin Kyu

2017-12-01

We confront possible forms of the minimal modification of the tri-bimaximal (TBM) neutrino mixing matrix proposed by Kang and Kim (Phys. Rev. D 90, 077301 (2014)) with the latest global fit to neutrino data. One form among them is singled out by the current experimental results at 1σ confidence level (C.L.) The minimal modification of the TBM mixing matrix makes possible the prediction of Dirac-type CP phase in the Pontecorbo-Maki-Nakagawa-Sakata neutrino mixing matrix in terms of two neutrino mixing angles. By carrying out a numerical analysis based on the latest experimental results for neutrino mixing angles, we are able to present new results on the prediction of the Dirac-type CP phase. We also compare our results on CP violation with those from the current global fit at 1 σ C.L.

Rates of Upper Facet Joint Violation in Minimally Invasive Percutaneous and Open Instrumentation: A Comparative Cohort Study of Different Insertion Techniques.

PubMed

Archavlis, Eleftherios; Amr, Nimer; Kantelhardt, Sven Rainer; Giese, Alf

2018-01-01

 Minimally invasive pedicle screw placement may have a higher incidence of violation of the superior cephalad unfused facet joint.  We investigated the incidence and risk factors of upper facet joint violation in percutaneous robot-assisted instrumentation versus percutaneous fluoroscopy-guided and open transpedicular instrumentation.  A retrospective study including all consecutive patients who underwent lumbar instrumentation, fusion, and decompression for spondylolisthetic stenosis and degenerative disk disease was conducted between January 2012 and January 2016. All operations were performed by the same surgeon; the patients were divided into three groups according to the method of instrumentation. Group 1 involved the robot-assisted instrumentation in 58 patients, group 2 consisted of 64 patients treated with a percutaneous transpedicular instrumentation using fluoroscopic guidance, and 72 patients in group 3 received an open midline approach for pedicle screw insertion.  Superior segment facet joint violation occurred in 2 patients in the robot-assisted group 1 (7%), in 22 of the percutaneous fluoroscopy-guided group 2 (34%), and in 6 cases of the open group (8%). The incidence of facet joint violation was present in 5% (3) of the screws in group 1, 22% (28) of the screws in group 2, and 3% (4) of the screws in group 3.  Meticulous surgical planning of the appropriate entry site (Weinstein's method), trajectory planning, and proper robot-assisted instrumentation of pedicle screws reduced the risk of superior segment facet joint violation. Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York.

Lorentz Symmetry Violations from Matter-Gravity Couplings with Lunar Laser Ranging

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bourgoin, A.; Le Poncin-Lafitte, C.; Hees, A.; Bouquillon, S.; Francou, G.; Angonin, M.-C.

2017-11-01

The standard-model extension (SME) is an effective field theory framework aiming at parametrizing any violation to the Lorentz symmetry (LS) in all sectors of physics. In this Letter, we report the first direct experimental measurement of SME coefficients performed simultaneously within two sectors of the SME framework using lunar laser ranging observations. We consider the pure gravitational sector and the classical point-mass limit in the matter sector of the minimal SME. We report no deviation from general relativity and put new realistic stringent constraints on LS violations improving up to 3 orders of magnitude previous estimations.

Can R-parity violation hide vanilla supersymmetry at the LHC?

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Asano, Masaki; Rolbiecki, Krzysztof; Sakurai, Kazuki

2013-01-01

Current experimental constraints on a large parameter space in supersymmetric models rely on the large missing energy signature. This is usually provided by the lightest neutralino which stability is ensured by R-parity. However, if R-parity is violated, the lightest neutralino decays into the standard model particles and the missing energy cut is not efficient anymore. In particular, the U DD type R-parity violation induces the neutralino decay to three quarks which potentially leads to the most difficult signal to be searched at hadron colliders. In this paper, we study the constraints on R-parity violating supersymmetric models using a same-sign dilepton and a multijet signatures. We show that the gluino and squarks lighter than TeV are already excluded in the constrained minimal supersymmetric standard model with the R-parity violation if their masses are approximately equal. We also analyze constraints in a simplified model with the R-parity violation. We compare how the R-parity violation changes some of the observables typically used to distinguish a supersymmetric signal from standard model backgrounds.

Constraints on B and Higgs physics in minimal low energy supersymmetric models

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Carena, Marcela; /Fermilab; Menon, A.

2006-03-01

We study the implications of minimal flavor violating low energy supersymmetry scenarios for the search of new physics in the B and Higgs sectors at the Tevatron collider and the LHC. We show that the already stringent Tevatron bound on the decay rate B{sub s} {yields} {mu}{sup +}{mu}{sup -} sets strong constraints on the possibility of generating large corrections to the mass difference {Delta} M{sub s} of the B{sub s} eigenstates. We also show that the B{sub s} {yields} {mu}{sup +}{mu}{sup -} bound together with the constraint on the branching ratio of the rare decay b {yields} s{gamma} has strongmore » implications for the search of light, non-standard Higgs bosons at hadron colliders. In doing this, we demonstrate that the former expressions derived for the analysis of the double penguin contributions in the Kaon sector need to be corrected by additional terms for a realistic analysis of these effects. We also study a specific non-minimal flavor violating scenario, where there are flavor changing gluino-squark-quark interactions, governed by the CKM matrix elements, and show that the B and Higgs physics constraints are similar to the ones in the minimal flavor violating case. Finally we show that, in scenarios like electroweak baryogenesis which have light stops and charginos, there may be enhanced effects on the B and K mixing parameters, without any significant effect on the rate of B{sub s} {yields} {mu}{sup +}{mu}{sup -}.« less

Cost-performance analysis of nutrient removal in a full-scale oxidation ditch process based on kinetic modeling.

PubMed

Li, Zheng; Qi, Rong; Wang, Bo; Zou, Zhe; Wei, Guohong; Yang, Min

2013-01-01

A full-scale oxidation ditch process for treating sewage was simulated with the ASM2d model and optimized for minimal cost with acceptable performance in terms of ammonium and phosphorus removal. A unified index was introduced by integrating operational costs (aeration energy and sludge production) with effluent violations for performance evaluation. Scenario analysis showed that, in comparison with the baseline (all of the 9 aerators activated), the strategy of activating 5 aerators could save aeration energy significantly with an ammonium violation below 10%. Sludge discharge scenario analysis showed that a sludge discharge flow of 250-300 m3/day (solid retention time (SRT), 13-15 days) was appropriate for the enhancement of phosphorus removal without excessive sludge production. The proposed optimal control strategy was: activating 5 rotating disks operated with a mode of "111100100" ("1" represents activation and "0" represents inactivation) for aeration and sludge discharge flow of 200 m3/day (SRT, 19 days). Compared with the baseline, this strategy could achieve ammonium violation below 10% and TP violation below 30% with substantial reduction of aeration energy cost (46%) and minimal increment of sludge production (< 2%). This study provides a useful approach for the optimization of process operation and control.

Casimir force in a Lorentz violating theory

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Frank, Mariana; Turan, Ismail

2006-08-01

We study the effects of the minimal extension of the standard model including Lorentz violation on the Casimir force between two parallel conducting plates in the vacuum. We provide explicit solutions for the electromagnetic field using scalar field analogy, for both the cases in which the Lorentz violating terms come from the CPT-even or CPT-odd terms. We also calculate the effects of the Lorentz violating terms for a fermion field between two parallel conducting plates and analyze the modifications of the Casimir force due to the modifications of the Dirac equation. In all cases under consideration, the standard formulas formore » the Casimir force are modified by either multiplicative or additive correction factors, the latter case exhibiting different dependence on the distance between the plates.« less

Violation of lepton flavor and lepton flavor universality in rare kaon decays

DOE PAGES

Crivellin, Andreas; D'Ambrosio, Giancarlo; Hoferichter, Martin; ...

2016-04-29

Here, recent anomalies in the decays of B mesons and the Higgs boson provide hints towards lepton flavor (universality) violating physics beyond the Standard Model. We observe that four-fermion operators which can explain the B-physics anomalies have corresponding analogs in the kaon sector, and we analyze their impact on K→πℓℓ' and K→ℓℓ' decays (ℓ=μ,e). For these processes, we note the corresponding physics opportunities at the NA62 experiment. In particular, assuming minimal flavor violation, we comment on the required improvements in sensitivity necessary to test the B-physics anomalies in the kaon sector.

48 CFR 3.502-2 - Subcontractor kickbacks.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... the consequences of detection; procurement procedures to minimize the opportunity for kickbacks; audit... gifts or gratuities received from subcontractors; annual employee declarations that they have violated...

Radiological analysis of minimal safe distance and optimal screw angle to avoid facet violation in open-door laminoplasty using precontoured plate.

PubMed

Min, Woo-Kie; Seo, Il; Na, Sang-Bong; Choi, Young-Seo; Choi, Ji-Yeon

2017-01-01

This study aimed to present radiologic analysis of minimal safe distance (MSD) and optimal screw angle (OSA) that enables to fix screws in a lateral mass safely without facet joint violation in open-door laminoplasty using a plate. A retrospective analysis was made of 22 patients (male: 17; female: 5), average age 62 years. Seventy-nine lateral mass screws were fixed among a total of 158 screws. MSD that doesn't allow 5-mm screws to violate a facet joint was measured for C3-C7 and a comparative analysis was performed. If the MSD is not secured, the OSA to be given to the cephalad direction is calculated to avoid violation of the facet joint. The screws violating inferior facet joints accounted for 34.1% of the screws fixed in inferior lateral mass. Joint surface to distal mini-screw distances were 3.18 ± 1.46 mm and 4.75 ± 1.71 mm in groups of facet joint violation and non-facet violation (FV), respectively ( p = 0.001). When 5-mm screws were inserted into a lateral mass, MSD was 4.39 ± 0.83 mm. The average MSD of C3, C4, and C5 was 4.05 ± 0.78 mm, 4.10 ± 0.70 mm, and 4.26 ± 0.74 mm, respectively. There was no significant differences among levels ( p > 0.05). The average MSD of C6 and C7 was 4.92 ± 0.81 mm and 4.80 ± 0.96 mm, respectively, showing significant differences from those of C3, C4, and C5 ( p < 0.05). If 6 mm of the MSD isn't secured, OSA showed in the cephalad direction of 11.5° for 5 mm and 22° for 4 mm approximately. We suggest that mini-screw on lateral mass can be fixed safely without FV, if they are fixed at MSD of 6 mm from a joint surface. Facet joint violation doesn't occur if an OSA is given in the cephalad direction in case of not enough MSD for mini-screws.

Electric dipole moments with and beyond flavor invariants

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Smith, Christopher; Touati, Selim

2017-11-01

In this paper, the flavor structure of quark and lepton electric dipole moments in the SM and beyond is investigated using tools inspired from Minimal Flavor Violation. While Jarlskog-like flavor invariants are adequate for estimating CP-violation from closed fermion loops, non-invariant structures arise from rainbow-like processes. Our goal is to systematically construct these latter flavor structures in the quark and lepton sectors, assuming different mechanisms for generating neutrino masses. Numerically, they are found typically much larger, and not necessarily correlated with, Jarlskog-like invariants. Finally, the formalism is adapted to deal with a third class of flavor structures, sensitive to the flavored U (1) phases, and used to study the impact of the strong CP-violating interaction and the interplay between the neutrino Majorana phases and possible baryon and/or lepton number violating interactions.

Communication Strength of Correlations Violating Monogamy Relations

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kłobus, Waldemar; Oszmaniec, Michał; Augusiak, Remigiusz; Grudka, Andrzej

2016-05-01

In any theory satisfying the no-signaling principle correlations generated among spatially separated parties in a Bell-type experiment are subject to certain constraints known as monogamy relations. Recently, in the context of the black hole information loss problem it was suggested that these monogamy relations might be violated. This in turn implies that correlations arising in such a scenario must violate the no-signaling principle and hence can be used to send classical information between parties. Here, we study the amount of information that can be sent using such correlations. To this aim, we first provide a framework associating them with classical channels whose capacities are then used to quantify the usefulness of these correlations in sending information. Finally, we determine the minimal amount of information that can be sent using signaling correlations violating the monogamy relation associated to the chained Bell inequalities.

R-parity violation in SU(5)

DOE PAGES

Bajc, Borut; Di Luzio, Luca

2015-07-23

We show that judiciously chosen R-parity violating terms in the minimal renormalizable supersymmetric SU(5) are able to correct all the phenomenologically wrong mass relations between down quarks and charged leptons. The model can accommodate neutrino masses as well. One of the most striking consequences is a large mixing between the electron and the Higgsino. Finally, we show that this can still be in accord with data in some regions of the parameter space and possibly falsified in future experiments.

Supersymmetry: Compactification, flavor, and dualities

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Heidenreich, Benjamin Jones

We describe several new research directions in the area of supersymmetry. In the context of low-energy supersymmetry, we show that the assumption of R-parity can be replaced with the minimal flavor violation hypothesis, solving the issue of nucleon decay and the new physics flavor problem in one stroke. The assumption of minimal flavor violation uniquely fixes the form of the baryon number violating vertex, leading to testable predictions. The NLSP is unstable, and decays promptly to jets, evading stringent bounds on vanilla supersymmetry from LHC searches, whereas the gravitino is long-lived, and can be a dark matter component. In the case of a sbottom LSP, neutral mesinos can form and undergo oscillations before decaying, leading to same sign tops, and allowing us to place constraints on the model in this case. We show that this well-motivated phenomenology can be naturally explained by spontaneously breaking a gauged flavor symmetry at a high scale in the presence of additional vector-like quarks, leading to mass mixings which simultaneously generate the flavor structure of the baryon-number violating vertex and the Standard Model Yukawa couplings, explaining their minimal flavor violating structure. We construct a model which is robust against Planck suppressed corrections and which also solves the mu problem. In the context of flux compactifications, we begin a study of the local geometry near a stack of D7 branes supporting a gaugino condensate, an integral component of the KKLT scenario for Kahler moduli stabilization. We obtain an exact solution for the geometry in a certain limit using reasonable assumptions about symmetries, and argue that this solution exhibits BPS domain walls, as expected from field theory arguments. We also begin a larger program of understanding general supersymmetric compactifications of type IIB string theory, reformulating previous results in an SL(2, R ) covariant fashion. Finally, we present extensive evidence for a new class of N = 1 gauge theory dualities relating different world-volume gauge theories of D3 branes probing an orientifold singularity. We argue that these dualities originate from the S-duality of type IIB string theory, much like electromagnetic dualities of N = 4 gauge theories.

Constraints on Lorentz violation from gravitational Cerenkov radiation

DOE PAGES

Kostelecký, V. Alan; Tasson, Jay D.

2015-08-31

Limits on gravitational Cerenkov radiation by cosmic rays are obtained and used to constrain coefficients for Lorentz violation in the gravity sector associated with operators of even mass dimensions, including orientation-dependent effects. We use existing data from cosmic-ray telescopes to obtain conservative two-sided constraints on 80 distinct Lorentz-violating operators of dimensions four, six, and eight, along with conservative one-sided constraints on three others. Existing limits on the nine minimal operators at dimension four are improved by factors of up to a billion, while 74 of our explicit limits represent stringent first constraints on nonminimal operators. As a result, prospects aremore » discussed for future analyses incorporating effects of Lorentz violation in the matter sector, the role of gravitational Cerenkov radiation by high-energy photons, data from gravitational-wave observatories, the tired-light effect, and electromagnetic Cerenkov radiation by gravitons.« less

Potential Interventions by Government and Industry to Minimize Violations of Temporary Flight Restrictions

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Zuschlag, Michael

2005-01-01

This document enumerates interventions to reduce the frequency of restricted airspace violations, particularly those associated with temporary flight restrictions (TFRs) and air defense identification zones (ADIZs), by more effectively providing pilots with the information necessary to avoid such violations. Interventions are divided into both near term and far term groupings. Short term interventions, some variants of which are already in progress focus on improving the form and content of the textual Notices to Airmen (NOTAMs) as well as the graphical depiction of TFRs. A long-term technical intervention is proposed which would provide pilots the following functionality: ground and airborne presentation of information on any restricted airspace, including display on an electronic moving map, fully mechanized execution from the cockpit of the procedures required for entry into restricted airspaces that allow for entry, and alerting of the potential for TFR violations both during flight planning and while the aircraft is moving.

Standard model CP violation and cold electroweak baryogenesis

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Tranberg, Anders

2011-10-15

Using large-scale real-time lattice simulations, we calculate the baryon asymmetry generated at a fast, cold electroweak symmetry breaking transition. CP-violation is provided by the leading effective bosonic term resulting from integrating out the fermions in the Minimal Standard Model at zero-temperature, and performing a covariant gradient expansion [A. Hernandez, T. Konstandin, and M. G. Schmidt, Nucl. Phys. B812, 290 (2009).]. This is an extension of the work presented in [A. Tranberg, A. Hernandez, T. Konstandin, and M. G. Schmidt, Phys. Lett. B 690, 207 (2010).]. The numerical implementation is described in detail, and we address issues specifically related to usingmore » this CP-violating term in the context of Cold Electroweak Baryogenesis.« less

Exploring CP violation in the MSSM.

PubMed

Arbey, Alexandre; Ellis, John; Godbole, Rohini M; Mahmoudi, Farvah

We explore the prospects for observing CP violation in the minimal supersymmetric extension of the Standard Model (MSSM) with six CP-violating parameters, three gaugino mass phases and three phases in trilinear soft supersymmetry-breaking parameters, using the CPsuperH code combined with a geometric approach to maximise CP-violating observables subject to the experimental upper bounds on electric dipole moments. We also implement CP-conserving constraints from Higgs physics, flavour physics and the upper limits on the cosmological dark matter density and spin-independent scattering. We study possible values of observables within the constrained MSSM (CMSSM), the non-universal Higgs model (NUHM), the CPX scenario and a variant of the phenomenological MSSM (pMSSM). We find values of the CP-violating asymmetry [Formula: see text] in [Formula: see text] decay that may be as large as 3 %, so future measurements of [Formula: see text] may provide independent information about CP violation in the MSSM. We find that CP-violating MSSM contributions to the [Formula: see text] meson mass mixing term [Formula: see text] are in general below the present upper limit, which is dominated by theoretical uncertainties. If these could be reduced, [Formula: see text] could also provide an interesting and complementary constraint on the six CP-violating MSSM phases, enabling them all to be determined experimentally, in principle. We also find that CP violation in the [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] couplings can be quite large, and so may offer interesting prospects for future [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] colliders.

CP Violation in Unpolarized e+e-→ Charginos at One-Loop Level

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Osland, P.; Vereshagin, A.

2007-08-01

We study CP violation in e+e-→χ˜i+χ˜j- in the framework of the minimal supersymmetric standard model. Though the cross section of this process is CP-even at the tree level even for polarized electron-positron beams, we show that it contains a CP-odd part at one-loop order and there are CP-odd observables that can in principle be measured even using unpolarized electron-positron beams. The relevant diagram calculations are briefly discussed, and the results of selected (box) diagram computations are shown.

75 FR 282 - Restricting the Mailing of Replica or Inert Explosive Devices

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-01-05

... commitments. We believe this revised proposed rule will minimize the chances of operational disruptions caused... occurrences. Comment: The proposal is in violation of the Second Amendment. We no longer propose to prohibit...

$L^1$ penalization of volumetric dose objectives in optimal control of PDEs

DOE PAGES

Barnard, Richard C.; Clason, Christian

2017-02-11

This work is concerned with a class of PDE-constrained optimization problems that are motivated by an application in radiotherapy treatment planning. Here the primary design objective is to minimize the volume where a functional of the state violates a prescribed level, but prescribing these levels in the form of pointwise state constraints leads to infeasible problems. We therefore propose an alternative approach based on L 1 penalization of the violation that is also applicable when state constraints are infeasible. We establish well-posedness of the corresponding optimal control problem, derive first-order optimality conditions, discuss convergence of minimizers as the penalty parametermore » tends to infinity, and present a semismooth Newton method for their efficient numerical solution. Finally, the performance of this method for a model problem is illustrated and contrasted with an alternative approach based on (regularized) state constraints.« less

Should Weights and Risk Categories Be Used for Inspection Scores To Evaluate Food Safety in Restaurants?

PubMed

da Cunha, Diogo Thimoteo; de Rosso, Veridiana Vera; Stedefeldt, Elke

2016-03-01

The objective of this study was to verify the characteristics of food safety inspections, considering risk categories and binary scores. A cross-sectional study was performed with 439 restaurants in 43 Brazilian cities. A food safety checklist with 177 items was applied to the food service establishments. These items were classified into four groups (R1 to R4) according to the main factors that can cause outbreaks involving food: R1, time and temperature aspects; R2, direct contamination; R3, water conditions and raw material; and R4, indirect contamination (i.e., structures and buildings). A score adjusted for 100 was calculated for the overall violation score and the violation score for each risk category. The average violation score (standard deviation) was 18.9% (16.0), with an amplitude of 0.0 to 76.7%. Restaurants with a low overall violation score (approximately 20%) presented a high number of violations from the R1 and R2 groups, representing the most risky violations. Practical solutions to minimize this evaluation bias were discussed. Food safety evaluation should use weighted scores and be risk-based. However, some precautions must be taken by researchers, health inspectors, and health surveillance departments to develop an adequate and reliable instrument.

Lepton flavour violation in RS models with a brane- or nearly brane-localized Higgs

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Beneke, M.; Moch, P.; Rohrwild, J.

2016-05-01

We perform a comprehensive study of charged lepton flavour violation in Randall-Sundrum (RS) models in a fully 5D quantum-field-theoretical framework. We consider the RS model with minimal field content and a ;custodially protected; extension as well as three implementations of the IR-brane localized Higgs field, including the non-decoupling effect of the KK excitations of a narrow bulk Higgs. Our calculation provides the first complete result for the flavour-violating electromagnetic dipole operator in Randall-Sundrum models. It contains three contributions with different dependence on the magnitude of the anarchic 5D Yukawa matrix, which can all be important in certain parameter regions. We study the typical range for the branching fractions of μ → eγ, μ → 3 e, μN → eN as well as τ → μγ, τ → 3 μ and the electron electric dipole moment by a numerical scan in both the minimal and the custodial RS model. The combination of μ → eγ and μN → eN currently provides the most stringent constraint on the parameter space of the model. A typical lower limit on the KK scale T is around 2 TeV in the minimal model (up to 4 TeV in the bulk Higgs case with large Yukawa couplings), and around 4 TeV in the custodially protected model, which corresponds to a mass of about 10 TeV for the first KK excitations, far beyond the lower limit from the non-observation of direct production at the LHC.

RK(*) and related b →s ℓℓ¯ anomalies in minimal flavor violation framework with Z' boson

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chiang, Cheng-Wei; He, Xiao-Gang; Tandean, Jusak; Yuan, Xing-Bo

2017-12-01

A recent LHCb measurement of the ratio RK* of B →K*μ μ ¯ to B →K*e e ¯ branching fractions has produced results in mild tension with the standard model (SM). This adds to the known anomalies also induced by the b →s ℓℓ ¯ transitions, resulting in a confidence level now as high as 4 σ . We analyze whether the parameter space preferred by all the b →s ℓℓ¯ anomalies is compatible with a heavy Z' boson assumed to have nonuniversal couplings to SM fermions dictated by the principle of minimal flavor violation (MFV). We deal with the MFV couplings of the Z' to leptons in the context of the type-I seesaw scenario for generating neutrino masses. The flavor-violating Z' interactions are subject to stringent constraints from other processes, especially B -B ¯ mixing, charged lepton decays ℓi→ℓjℓkℓ¯ l occurring at tree level, and the loop induced μ →e γ . We perform scans for parameter regions allowed by various data and predict the ranges for a number of observables. Some of the predictions, such as the branching fractions of lepton-flavor violating τ →3 μ , B →K e μ , KL→e μ , and Z →ℓℓ', are not far below their experimental bounds and therefore could be probed by searches in the near future. The viable parameter space depends strongly on the neutrino mass hierarchy, with a preference for the inverted one.

Smart Push, Smart Pull, Sensor to Shooter in a Multi-Level Secure/Safe (MLS) Infrastructure

DTIC Science & Technology

2006-05-04

policy violation with respect to: Security Safety Financial Posture Infrastructure The IATF identifies five levels: V1: Negligible effect V2: Minimal...MLS) Infrastructure Step 2: Determine Threat Levels Best practices also in the IATF Threats are ranked by assessing: Capability Resources Motivation...Risk Willingness The IATF identifies seven levels: T1: Inadvertent or accidental events Tripping over a power cord T2: Minimal resources – willing to

CP violation in heavy MSSM Higgs scenarios

DOE PAGES

Carena, M.; Ellis, J.; Lee, J. S.; ...

2016-02-18

We introduce and explore new heavy Higgs scenarios in the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model (MSSM) with explicit CP violation, which have important phenomenological implications that may be testable at the LHC. For soft supersymmetry-breaking scales M S above a few TeV and a charged Higgs boson mass M H+ above a few hundred GeV, new physics effects including those from explicit CP violation decouple from the light Higgs boson sector. However, such effects can significantly alter the phenomenology of the heavy Higgs bosons while still being consistent with constraints from low-energy observables, for instance electric dipole moments. To consider scenariosmore » with a charged Higgs boson much heavier than the Standard Model (SM) particles but much lighter than the supersymmetric particles, we revisit previous calculations of the MSSM Higgs sector. We compute the Higgs boson masses in the presence of CP violating phases, implementing improved matching and renormalization-group (RG) effects, as well as two-loop RG effects from the effective two-Higgs Doublet Model (2HDM) scale M H± to the scale M S. Here, we illustrate the possibility of non-decoupling CP-violating effects in the heavy Higgs sector using new benchmark scenarios named.« less

CP violation in heavy MSSM Higgs scenarios

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Carena, M.; Ellis, J.; Lee, J. S.

We introduce and explore new heavy Higgs scenarios in the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model (MSSM) with explicit CP violation, which have important phenomenological implications that may be testable at the LHC. For soft supersymmetry-breaking scales M S above a few TeV and a charged Higgs boson mass M H+ above a few hundred GeV, new physics effects including those from explicit CP violation decouple from the light Higgs boson sector. However, such effects can significantly alter the phenomenology of the heavy Higgs bosons while still being consistent with constraints from low-energy observables, for instance electric dipole moments. To consider scenariosmore » with a charged Higgs boson much heavier than the Standard Model (SM) particles but much lighter than the supersymmetric particles, we revisit previous calculations of the MSSM Higgs sector. We compute the Higgs boson masses in the presence of CP violating phases, implementing improved matching and renormalization-group (RG) effects, as well as two-loop RG effects from the effective two-Higgs Doublet Model (2HDM) scale M H± to the scale M S. Here, we illustrate the possibility of non-decoupling CP-violating effects in the heavy Higgs sector using new benchmark scenarios named.« less

Lorentz and CPT Tests with Atoms

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Vargas Silva, Arnaldo J.

The prospects for using atomic-spectroscopy experiments to test Lorentz and CPT symmetry are investigated. Phenomenological models for Lorentz violation studied in this work include ones with contributions from all quadratic operators for a Dirac fermion in the Lagrange density of the Standard-Model Extension (SME), without restriction on the operator mass dimension. The systems considered include atoms composed of conventional matter, antimatter, and second-generation particles. Generic expressions for the Lorentz-violating energy shifts applicable to a broad range of atomic transitions are obtained. Signals for Lorentz violation that can in principle be studied in spectroscopic experiments are identified from the theoretical corrections to the spectrum. Some of these signals include sidereal and annual variations of atomic transition frequencies measured in a laboratory on the surface of the Earth. Other possibilities include effects produced by changing the orientation of the applied magnetic field or by realizing space-based experiments. Discrepancies in the experimental values for fundamental constants and energy levels based on self-consistent predictions from the Standard Model also offer potential signals for Lorentz violation. The sensitivities of different experiments to distinct sets of coefficients for Lorentz violation are considered. Using atoms composed of different particle species allows measurements of coefficients for Lorentz violation in different fermion sectors of the SME. Experiments comparing hydrogen and antihydrogen can discriminate between coefficients for Lorentz violation that are associated with CPT-odd or CPT-even operators. Additionally, certain systems and transitions are more sensitive to nonminimal operators, while others are particularly sensitive to minimal ones.

American Academy of Pediatrics v. Lungren.

PubMed

1996-04-04

The California Supreme Court held that a state statute that requires unemancipated minors to obtain parental consent to abortion or to petition the juvenile court for permission to consent to that procedure (1) does not violate an unemancipated minor's right to privacy under the state constitution; (2) does not violate minors' rights to informational privacy; and (3) does not violate equal protection. The court reasoned that the privacy interests of an unemancipated minor are "qualitatively different" from those of an adult and therefore subject both to reasonable regulation by the state to an extent not permissible with adults and to control by the unemancipated minor's parents to an even greater extent. The court also determined that the required disclosure of medical information was minimal and necessary and that the statute does not discriminate on the basis of the unemancipated minor's reproductive choice.

A new device-independent dimension witness and its experimental implementation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Cai, Yu; Bancal, Jean-Daniel; Romero, Jacquiline; Scarani, Valerio

2016-07-01

A dimension witness is a criterion that sets a lower bound on the dimension needed to reproduce the observed data. Three types of dimension witnesses can be found in the literature: device-dependent ones, in which the bound is obtained assuming some knowledge on the state and the measurements; device-independent prepare-and-measure ones, that can be applied to any system including classical ones; and device-independent Bell-based ones, that certify the minimal dimension of some entangled systems. Here we consider the Collins-Gisin-Linden-Massar-Popescu Bell-type inequality for four outcomes. We show that a sufficiently high violation of this inequality witnesses d≥slant 4 and present a proof-of-principle experimental observation of such a violation. This presents a first experimental violation of the third type of dimension witness beyond qutrits.

ΔF=2 Processes in the Mssm in Large tan β Limit

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rosiek, Janusz

2002-03-01

We discuss corrections to ΔMBd, ΔMBs and to the CP violation parameter ɛ in two examples of (generalized) minimal flavour violation models: 2HDM and MSSM in the large tan β limit. We show that for H+ not too heavy, ΔMBs in the MSSM with heavy sparticles can be substantially smaller than in the SM due the charged Higgs box contributions and in particular due to the growing like tan4 β contribution of the double penguin diagrams involving neutral Higgs boson exchanges.

Quasiperiodic oscillation and possible Second Law violation in a nanosystem

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Quick, R.; Singharoy, A.; Ortoleva, P.

2013-05-01

Simulation of a virus-like particle reveals persistent oscillation about a free-energy minimizing structure. For an icosahedral structure of 12 human papillomavirus (HPV) L1 protein pentamers, the period is about 70 picoseconds and has amplitude of about 4 Å at 300 K and pH 7. The pentamers move radially and out-of-phase with their neighbors. As temperature increases the amplitude and period decrease. Since the dynamics are shown to be friction-dominated and free-energy driven, the oscillations are noninertial. These anomalous oscillations are an apparent violation of the Second Law mediated by fluctuations accompanying nanosystem behavior.

On the flavor structure of natural composite Higgs models & top flavor violation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Azatov, Aleksandr; Panico, Giuliano; Perez, Gilad; Soreq, Yotam

2014-12-01

We explore the up flavor structure of composite pseudo Nambu-Goldstone-boson Higgs models, where we focus on the flavor anarchic minimal SO(5) case. We identify the different sources of flavor violation in this framework and emphasise the differences from the anarchic Randall-Sundrum scenario. In particular, the fact that the flavor symmetry does not commute with the symmetries that stabilize the Higgs potential may constrain the flavor structure of the theory. In addition, we consider the interplay between the fine tuning of the model and flavor violation. We find that generically the tuning of this class of models is worsen in the anarchic case due to the contributions from the additional fermion resonances. We show that, even in the presence of custodial symmetry, large top flavor violating rate are naturally expected. In particular, t → cZ branching ratio of order of 10-5 is generic for this class of models. Thus, this framework can be tested in the next run of the LHC as well as in other future colliders. We also find that the top flavor violation is weakly correlated with the increase amount of fine tuning. Finally, other related flavor violation effects, such as t → ch and in the D system, are found to be too small to be observed by the current and near future colliders.

Present and future K and B meson mixing constraints on TeV scale left-right symmetry

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bertolini, Stefano; Maiezza, Alessio; Nesti, Fabrizio

2014-05-01

We revisit the ΔF=2 transitions in the K and Bd ,s neutral meson systems in the context of the minimal left-right symmetric model. We take into account, in addition to up-to-date phenomenological data, the contributions related to the renormalization of the flavor-changing neutral Higgs tree-level amplitude. These contributions were neglected in recent discussions, albeit formally needed in order to obtain a gauge-independent result. Their impact on the minimal LR model is crucial and twofold. First, the effects are relevant in B meson oscillations, for both CP conserving and CP violating observables, so that for the first time these imply constraints on the LR scenario which compete with those of the K sector (plagued by long-distance uncertainties). Second, they sizably contribute to the indirect kaon CP violation parameter ɛ. We discuss the bounds from B and K mesons in both cases of LR symmetry: generalized parity (P) and charge conjugation (C). In the case of P, the interplay between the CP-violation parameters ɛ and ɛ' leads us to rule out the regime of very hierarchical bidoublet vacuum expectation values v2/v1

Spectrophotometric determination of cyclotrimethylenetrinitramine (RDX) in explosive mixtures and residues with the Berthelot reaction.

PubMed

Uzer, A; Erçağ, E; Apak, R

2008-03-31

On-site colorimetric methods are a valuable, cost-effective tool to assess the nature and extent of contamination in remediated sites and to enable on-site screening for police criminology laboratories. The existing colorimetric method for cyclotrimethylenetrinitramine (RDX) based on a Griess reaction suffers from the non-quantitative reduction to nitrite and from the unstable character of HNO2 in acidic medium. Thus we propose a novel spectrophotometric RDX assay in explosive mixtures and residues, based on (Zn+HCl) reduction of RDX in a microwave oven, followed by neutralization of the reduction products to ammonia and low molecular-weight amines, and Berthelot reaction of these amine-compounds with phenol and hypochlorite in alkaline medium to give an intensely blue indophenol dye absorbing at 631nm. The molar absorptivity and limit of detection (LOD) for RDX were (1.08+/-0.04)x10(4) L mol(-1) cm(-1) and 0.18 mg L(-1), respectively. Application of the method to synthetic mixture solutions of RDX and trinitrotoluene (TNT) at varying proportions showed that there was minimal interference from TNT (which could be compensated for by dicyclohexylamine colorimetry), since the Berthelot reaction was essentially non-responsive to m-substituted anilines derived from TNT upon (Zn+HCl) reduction. The proposed method was successfully applied to military-purpose explosive mixtures of (RDX+inert matter) such as Comp A5, Comp C4, and Hexal P30, and to (RDX+TNT) mixtures such as Comp B. The molar absorptivity of RDX was much higher than that of either ammonium or nitrate; RDX could be effectively separated from ammonium and nitrate in soil mixtures, based on solubility differences. The Berthelot method for RDX was statistically validated using Comp B mixtures against standard HPLC equipped with a Hypersil C-18 column with (40% MeOH-60% H2O) mobile phase, and against gas chromatography-thermal energy analysis (GC-TEA) system.

Note on gauge and gravitational anomalies of discrete Z N symmetries

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Byakti, Pritibhajan; Ghosh, Diptimoy; Sharma, Tarun

2018-01-01

In this note, we discuss the consistency conditions which a discrete Z N symmetry should satisfy in order that it is not violated by gauge and gravitational instantons. As examples, we enlist all the Z N ℛ-symmetries as well as non-ℛ Z N symmetries (N=2,3,4) in the minimally supersymmetric standard model (MSSM) that are free from gauge and gravitational anomalies. We show that there exists non-anomalous discrete symmetries that forbid Baryon number violation up to dimension 6 level (in superspace). We also observe that there exists no non-anomalous Z 3 ℛ-symmetry in the MSSM. Furthermore, we point out that in a theory with one Majorana spin 3/2 gravitino, a large class of Z 4 ℛ-symmetries are violated in the presence of Eguchi-Hanson (EH) gravitational instanton. This is also in general true for higher Z N ℛ-symmetries. We also notice that in 4 dimensional N=1 supergravity, the global U(1) ℛ-symmetry is always violated by the EH instanton irrespective of the matter content of the theory.

Tests of local Lorentz invariance violation of gravity in the standard model extension with pulsars.

PubMed

Shao, Lijing

2014-03-21

The standard model extension is an effective field theory introducing all possible Lorentz-violating (LV) operators to the standard model and general relativity (GR). In the pure-gravity sector of minimal standard model extension, nine coefficients describe dominant observable deviations from GR. We systematically implemented 27 tests from 13 pulsar systems to tightly constrain eight linear combinations of these coefficients with extensive Monte Carlo simulations. It constitutes the first detailed and systematic test of the pure-gravity sector of minimal standard model extension with the state-of-the-art pulsar observations. No deviation from GR was detected. The limits of LV coefficients are expressed in the canonical Sun-centered celestial-equatorial frame for the convenience of further studies. They are all improved by significant factors of tens to hundreds with existing ones. As a consequence, Einstein's equivalence principle is verified substantially further by pulsar experiments in terms of local Lorentz invariance in gravity.

Operating manual-based usability evaluation of medical devices: an effective patient safety screening method.

PubMed

Turley, James P; Johnson, Todd R; Smith, Danielle Paige; Zhang, Jaijie; Brixey, Juliana J

2006-04-01

Use of medical devices often directly contributes to medical errors. Because it is difficult or impossible to change the design of existing devices, the best opportunity for improving medical device safety is during the purchasing process. However, most hospital personnel are not familiar with the usability evaluation methods designed to identify aspects of a user interface that do not support intuitive and safe use. A review of medical device operating manuals is proposed as a more practical method of usability evaluation. Operating manuals for five volumetric infusion pumps from three manufacturers were selected for this study (January-April 2003). Each manual's safety message content was evaluated to determine whether the message indicated a device design characteristic that violated known usability principles (heuristics) or indicated a violation of an affordance of the device. "Minimize memory load," with 65 violations, was the heuristic violated most frequently across pumps. Variations between pumps, including the frequency and severity of violations for each, were noted. Results suggest that manual review can provide a proxy for heuristic evaluation of the actual medical device. This method, intended to be a component of prepurchasing evaluation, can complement more formal usability evaluation methods and be used to select a subset of devices for more extensive and formal testing.

New two-loop contributions to hadronic EDMs in the MSSM

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hisano, Junji; Nagai, Minoru; Paradisi, Paride

2006-11-01

Flavor-changing terms with CP-violating phases in the quark sector may contribute to the hadronic electric dipole moments (EDMs). However, within the Standard Model (SM), the source of CP violation comes from the unique CKM phase, and it turns out that the EDMs are strongly suppressed. This implies that the EDMs are very sensitive to non-minimal flavor violation structures of theories beyond the SM. In this Letter, we discuss the quark EDMs and CEDMs (chromoelectric dipole moments) in the MSSM with general flavor-changing terms in the squark mass matrices. In particular, the charged-Higgs mediated contributions to the down-quark EDM and CEDM are evaluated at two-loop level. We point out that these two-loop contributions may dominate over the one-loop induced gluino or higgsino contributions even when the squark and gluino masses are around few TeV and tanβ is moderate.

Short-Term State Forecasting-Based Optimal Voltage Regulation in Distribution Systems: Preprint

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Yang, Rui; Jiang, Huaiguang; Zhang, Yingchen

2017-05-17

A novel short-term state forecasting-based optimal power flow (OPF) approach for distribution system voltage regulation is proposed in this paper. An extreme learning machine (ELM) based state forecaster is developed to accurately predict system states (voltage magnitudes and angles) in the near future. Based on the forecast system states, a dynamically weighted three-phase AC OPF problem is formulated to minimize the voltage violations with higher penalization on buses which are forecast to have higher voltage violations in the near future. By solving the proposed OPF problem, the controllable resources in the system are optimally coordinated to alleviate the potential severemore » voltage violations and improve the overall voltage profile. The proposed approach has been tested in a 12-bus distribution system and simulation results are presented to demonstrate the performance of the proposed approach.« less

40 CFR 31.20 - Standards for financial management systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... management systems. (a) A State must expand and account for grant funds in accordance with State laws and... violation of the restrictions and prohibitions of applicable statutes. (b) The financial management systems... records, contract and subgrant award documents, etc. (7) Cash management. Procedures for minimizing the...

45 CFR 2541.200 - Standards for financial management systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 45 Public Welfare 4 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Standards for financial management systems. 2541... violation of the restrictions and prohibitions of applicable statutes. (b) The financial management systems..., contract and subgrant award documents, etc. (7) Cash management. Procedures for minimizing the time...

40 CFR 31.20 - Standards for financial management systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... management systems. (a) A State must expand and account for grant funds in accordance with State laws and... violation of the restrictions and prohibitions of applicable statutes. (b) The financial management systems... records, contract and subgrant award documents, etc. (7) Cash management. Procedures for minimizing the...

45 CFR 2541.200 - Standards for financial management systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 45 Public Welfare 4 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Standards for financial management systems. 2541... violation of the restrictions and prohibitions of applicable statutes. (b) The financial management systems..., contract and subgrant award documents, etc. (7) Cash management. Procedures for minimizing the time...

45 CFR 2541.200 - Standards for financial management systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 45 Public Welfare 4 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Standards for financial management systems. 2541... violation of the restrictions and prohibitions of applicable statutes. (b) The financial management systems..., contract and subgrant award documents, etc. (7) Cash management. Procedures for minimizing the time...

40 CFR 31.20 - Standards for financial management systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... management systems. (a) A State must expand and account for grant funds in accordance with State laws and... violation of the restrictions and prohibitions of applicable statutes. (b) The financial management systems... records, contract and subgrant award documents, etc. (7) Cash management. Procedures for minimizing the...

Staff Layoffs and Terminations--Managing the Risks.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Michaelson, Martin; White, Lawrence

This paper reviews legal risks associated with staff layoffs at institutions of higher education and methods for managing those risks and describes planning steps designed to minimize institutional legal exposure. Legal risks include claims of breach of contract, discrimination, tortious conduct, and violation of labor laws, collective bargaining…

Safety Is No Laughing Matter

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hill, Patricia S.; Greco, Thomas G.

1995-12-01

At the beginning of each fall semester the chemistry department holds a safety seminar for all beginning chemistry students and student laboratory assistants to emphasize safe laboratory practices. As part of the program, two faculty members have presented a light-hearted skit which highlights numerous safety violations made by two general chemistry "students" as they carry out a titration lab. The audience is challenged to participate in a contest to identify the violations and the student with the most correct safety errors receives a prize. The skit can be carried out with minimal props and preparation time and script for the skit is presented for your use.

Rescheduling with iterative repair

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Zweben, Monte; Davis, Eugene; Daun, Brian; Deale, Michael

1992-01-01

This paper presents a new approach to rescheduling called constraint-based iterative repair. This approach gives our system the ability to satisfy domain constraints, address optimization concerns, minimize perturbation to the original schedule, and produce modified schedules quickly. The system begins with an initial, flawed schedule and then iteratively repairs constraint violations until a conflict-free schedule is produced. In an empirical demonstration, we vary the importance of minimizing perturbation and report how fast the system is able to resolve conflicts in a given time bound. These experiments were performed within the domain of Space Shuttle ground processing.

Assessing the robustness of quantitative fatty acid signature analysis to assumption violations

USGS Publications Warehouse

Bromaghin, Jeffrey F.; Budge, Suzanne M.; Thiemann, Gregory W.; Rode, Karyn D.

2016-01-01

In most QFASA applications, investigators will generally have some knowledge of the prey available to predators and be able to assess the completeness of prey signature data and sample additional prey as necessary. Conversely, because calibration coefficients are derived from feeding trials with captive animals and their values may be sensitive to consumer physiology and nutritional status, their applicability to free-ranging animals is difficult to establish. We therefore recommend that investigators first make any improvements to the prey signature data that seem warranted and then base estimation on the Aitchison distance measure, as it appears to minimize risk from violations of the assumption that is most difficult to verify.

32 CFR 651.29 - Determining when to use a CX (screening criteria).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... action has not been segmented to meet the definition of a CX. Segmentation can occur when an action is... action can be too narrowly defined, minimizing potential impacts in an effort to avoid a higher level of... formal Clean Air Act conformity determination is required. (8) Reasonable likelihood of violating any...

Minimizing bias in biomass allometry: Model selection and log transformation of data

Treesearch

Joseph Mascaro; undefined undefined; Flint Hughes; Amanda Uowolo; Stefan A. Schnitzer

2011-01-01

Nonlinear regression is increasingly used to develop allometric equations for forest biomass estimation (i.e., as opposed to the raditional approach of log-transformation followed by linear regression). Most statistical software packages, however, assume additive errors by default, violating a key assumption of allometric theory and possibly producing spurious models....

All-inside, physeal-sparing anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction does not significantly compromise the physis in skeletally immature athletes: a postoperative physeal magnetic resonance imaging analysis.

PubMed

Nawabi, Danyal H; Jones, Kristofer J; Lurie, Brett; Potter, Hollis G; Green, Daniel W; Cordasco, Frank A

2014-12-01

Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction in skeletally immature patients can result in growth disturbance due to iatrogenic physeal injury. Multiple physeal-sparing ACL reconstruction techniques have been described; however, few combine the benefits of anatomic reconstruction using sockets without violation of the femoral or tibial physis. To utilize physeal-specific magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to quantify the zone of physeal injury after all-inside ACL reconstruction in skeletally immature athletes. Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Twenty-three skeletally immature patients (mean chronologic age 12.6 years; range, 10-15 years) were prospectively evaluated after all-inside ACL reconstruction. The mean bone age was 13.2 years. There were 8 females and 15 males. Fifteen patients underwent an all-epiphyseal (AE) ACL reconstruction and 8 patients had a partial transphyseal (PTP) ACL reconstruction, which spared the femoral physis but crossed the tibial physis. At 6 and 12 months postoperatively, MRI using 3-dimensional fat-suppressed spoiled gradient recalled echo sequences and full-length standing radiographs were performed to assess graft survival, growth arrest, physeal violation, angular deformity, and leg length discrepancy. The mean follow-up for this cohort was 18.5 months (range, 12-39 months). Minimal tibial physeal violation was seen in 10 of 15 patients in the AE group and, by definition, all patients in the PTP group. The mean area of tibial physeal disturbance (±SD) was 57.8 ± 52.2 mm(2) (mean 2.1% of total physeal area) in the AE group compared with 145.1 ± 100.6 mm(2) (mean 5.4% of total physeal area) in the PTP group (P = .003). Minimal compromise of the femoral physis (1.5%) was observed in 1 case in the PTP group and no cases in the AE group. No cases of growth arrest, articular surface violation, or avascular necrosis were noted on MRI. No postoperative angular deformities or significant leg length discrepancies were observed. The study data suggest that all-inside ACL reconstruction is a safe technique for skeletally immature athletes at short-term follow-up. Physeal-specific MRI reveals minimal growth plate compromise that is significantly lower than published thresholds for growth arrest. © 2014 The Author(s).

A bottom-up approach to the strong CP problem

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Diaz-Cruz, J. L.; Hollik, W. G.; Saldana-Salazar, U. J.

2018-05-01

The strong CP problem is one of many puzzles in the theoretical description of elementary particle physics that still lacks an explanation. While top-down solutions to that problem usually comprise new symmetries or fields or both, we want to present a rather bottom-up perspective. The main problem seems to be how to achieve small CP violation in the strong interactions despite the large CP violation in weak interactions. In this paper, we show that with minimal assumptions on the structure of mass (Yukawa) matrices, they do not contribute to the strong CP problem and thus we can provide a pathway to a solution of the strong CP problem within the structures of the Standard Model and no extension at the electroweak scale is needed. However, to address the flavor puzzle, models based on minimal SU(3) flavor groups leading to the proposed flavor matrices are favored. Though we refrain from an explicit UV completion of the Standard Model, we provide a simple requirement for such models not to show a strong CP problem by construction.

An application of almost marginal conditional stochastic dominance (AMCSD) on forming efficient portfolios

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Slamet, Isnandar; Mardiana Putri Carissa, Siska; Pratiwi, Hasih

2017-10-01

Investors always seek an efficient portfolio which is a portfolio that has a maximum return on specific risk or minimal risk on specific return. Almost marginal conditional stochastic dominance (AMCSD) criteria can be used to form the efficient portfolio. The aim of this research is to apply the AMCSD criteria to form an efficient portfolio of bank shares listed in the LQ-45. This criteria is used when there are areas that do not meet the criteria of marginal conditional stochastic dominance (MCSD). On the other words, this criteria can be derived from quotient of areas that violate the MCSD criteria with the area that violate and not violate the MCSD criteria. Based on the data bank stocks listed on LQ-45, it can be stated that there are 38 efficient portfolios of 420 portfolios where each portfolio comprises of 4 stocks and 315 efficient portfolios of 1710 portfolios with each of portfolio has 3 stocks.

Future sensitivity to new physics in Bd, Bs, and K mixings

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Charles, Jérôme; Descotes-Genon, Sébastien; Ligeti, Zoltan; Monteil, Stéphane; Papucci, Michele; Trabelsi, Karim

2014-02-01

We estimate, in a large class of scenarios, the sensitivity to new physics in Bd and Bs mixings achievable with 50 ab-1 of Belle II and 50 fb-1 of LHCb data. We find that current limits on new physics contributions in both Bd ,s systems can be improved by a factor of ˜5 for all values of the CP-violating phases, corresponding to over a factor of 2 increase in the scale of new physics probed. Assuming the same suppressions by Cabbibo-Kobayashi-Maskawa matrix elements as those of the standard model box diagrams, the scale probed will be about 20 TeV for tree-level new physics contributions, and about 2 TeV for new physics arising at one loop. We also explore the future sensitivity to new physics in K mixing. Implications for generic new physics and for various specific scenarios, such as minimal flavor violation, light third-generation dominated flavor violation, or U(2) flavor models are studied.

A nonlinear dynamics for the scalar field in Randers spacetime

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Silva, J. E. G.; Maluf, R. V.; Almeida, C. A. S.

2017-03-01

We investigate the properties of a real scalar field in the Finslerian Randers spacetime, where the local Lorentz violation is driven by a geometrical background vector. We propose a dynamics for the scalar field by a minimal coupling of the scalar field and the Finsler metric. The coupling is intrinsically defined on the Randers spacetime, and it leads to a non-canonical kinetic term for the scalar field. The nonlinear dynamics can be split into a linear and nonlinear regimes, which depend perturbatively on the even and odd powers of the Lorentz-violating parameter, respectively. We analyze the plane-waves solutions and the modified dispersion relations, and it turns out that the spectrum is free of tachyons up to second-order.

Property rights violations as a structural driver of women's HIV risks: a qualitative study in Nyanza and Western Provinces, Kenya.

PubMed

Dworkin, Shari L; Grabe, Shelly; Lu, Tiffany; Hatcher, Abigail M; Hatcher, Abbey; Kwena, Zachary; Bukusi, Elizabeth; Mwaura-Muiru, Esther

2013-07-01

While access to and control over assets can minimize women's HIV risk, little is known about the processes through which property rights violations increase the sexual transmission of HIV. The current study focused on two rural areas in Nyanza and Western Province, Kenya where HIV prevalence was high (23.8-33 %) and property rights violations were common. The current work drew on in-depth interview data collected from 50 individuals involved in the development and implementation of a community-led land and property rights program. The program was designed to respond to property rights violations, prevent disinheritance and asset stripping, and reduce HIV risk among women. In our findings, we detailed the social and economic mechanisms through which a loss of property rights was perceived to influence primary and secondary prevention of HIV. These included: loss of income, loss of livelihood and shelter, and migration to slums, markets, or beaches where the exchange of sex for food, money, shelter, clothing, or other goods was common. We also examined the perceived influence of cultural practices, such as wife inheritance, on HIV risk. In the conclusions, we made recommendations for future research in the science-base focused on the development of property ownership as a structural HIV prevention and treatment intervention.

Safety and Equality at Odds: OSHA and Title VII Clash over Health Hazards in the Workplace.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Crowell, Donald R.; Copus, David A.

1978-01-01

Discusses the legal problems presented by job health hazards which have a different effect on men and women. Where methods of eliminating or minimizing exposure, as required by the Occupational Safety and Health Act, affect only one sex, the provisions of Title VII of the Civil Rights Act may be violated. (MF)

Top quark decays with flavor violation in the B-LSSM

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yang, Jin-Lei; Feng, Tai-Fu; Zhang, Hai-Bin; Ning, Guo-Zhu; Yang, Xiu-Yi

2018-06-01

The decays of top quark t→ cγ ,t→ cg,t→ cZ,t→ ch are extremely rare processes in the standard model (SM). The predictions on the corresponding branching ratios in the SM are too small to be detected in the future, hence any measurable signal for the processes at the LHC is a smoking gun for new physics. In the extension of minimal supersymmetric standard model with an additional local U(1)_B {-}L gauge symmetry (B-LSSM), new gauge interaction and new flavor changing interaction affect the theoretical evaluations on corresponding branching ratios of those processes. In this work, we analyze those processes in the B-LSSM, under a minimal flavor violating assumption for the soft breaking terms. Considering the constraints from updated experimental data, the numerical results imply Br(t→ cγ )˜ 5× 10^{-7}, Br(t→ cg)˜ 2× 10^{-6}, Br(t→ cZ)˜ 4× 10^{-7} and Br(t→ ch)˜ 3× 10^{-9} in our chosen parameter space. Simultaneously, new gauge coupling constants g_{_B},g_{_{YB}} in the B-LSSM can also affect the numerical results of Br(t→ cγ ,cg,cZ,ch).

Dimensioning Principles in Potash and Salt: Stability and Integrity

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Minkley, W.; Mühlbauer, J.; Lüdeling, C.

2016-11-01

The paper describes the principal geomechanical approaches to mine dimensioning in salt and potash mining, focusing on stability of the mining system and integrity of the hydraulic barrier. Several common dimensioning are subjected to a comparative analysis. We identify geomechanical discontinuum models as essential physical ingredients for examining the collapse of working fields in potash mining. The basic mechanisms rely on the softening behaviour of salt rocks and the interfaces. A visco-elasto-plastic material model with strain softening, dilatancy and creep describes the time-dependent softening behaviour of the salt pillars, while a shear model with velocity-dependent adhesive friction with shear displacement-dependent softening is used for bedding planes and discontinuities. Pillar stability critically depends on the shear conditions of the bedding planes to the overlying and underlying beds, which provide the necessary confining pressure for the pillar core, but can fail dynamically, leading to large-scale field collapses. We further discuss the integrity conditions for the hydraulic barrier, most notably the minimal stress criterion, the violation of which leads to pressure-driven percolation as the mechanism of fluid transport and hence barrier failure. We present a number of examples where violation of the minimal stress criterion has led to mine floodings.

Wormholes minimally violating the null energy condition

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Bouhmadi-López, Mariam; Lobo, Francisco S N; Martín-Moruno, Prado, E-mail: mariam.bouhmadi@ehu.es, E-mail: fslobo@fc.ul.pt, E-mail: pmmoruno@fc.ul.pt

2014-11-01

We consider novel wormhole solutions supported by a matter content that minimally violates the null energy condition. More specifically, we consider an equation of state in which the sum of the energy density and radial pressure is proportional to a constant with a value smaller than that of the inverse area characterising the system, i.e., the area of the wormhole mouth. This approach is motivated by a recently proposed cosmological event, denoted {sup t}he little sibling of the big rip{sup ,} where the Hubble rate and the scale factor blow up but the cosmic derivative of the Hubble rate doesmore » not [1]. By using the cut-and-paste approach, we match interior spherically symmetric wormhole solutions to an exterior Schwarzschild geometry, and analyse the stability of the thin-shell to linearized spherically symmetric perturbations around static solutions, by choosing suitable properties for the exotic material residing on the junction interface radius. Furthermore, we also consider an inhomogeneous generalization of the equation of state considered above and analyse the respective stability regions. In particular, we obtain a specific wormhole solution with an asymptotic behaviour corresponding to a global monopole.« less

Non-thermal leptogenesis with distinct CP violation and minimal dark matter

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Zhou, Hang; Gu, Pei-Hong, E-mail: einsteinzh@sjtu.edu.cn, E-mail: peihong.gu@sjtu.edu.cn

We demonstrate a unified scenario for neutrino mass, baryon asymmetry, dark matter and inflation. In addition to a fermion triplet for the so-called minimal dark matter, we extend the standard model by three heavy fields including a scalar singlet, a fermion triplet and a fermion singlet/Higgs triplet. The heavy scalar singlet, which is expected to drive an inflation, and the dark matter fermion triplet are odd under an unbroken Z {sub 2} discrete symmetry, while the other fields are all even. The heavy fermion triplet offers a tree-level type-III seesaw and then mediates a three-body decay of the inflaton intomore » the standard model lepton and Higgs doublets with the dark matter fermion triplet. The heavy fermion singlet/Higgs triplet not only results in a type-I/II seesaw at tree level but also contributes to the inflaton decay at one-loop level. In this scenario, the type-I/II seesaw contains all of the physical CP phases in the lepton sector and hence the CP violation for the non-thermal leptogenesis by the inflaton decay exactly comes from the imaginary part of the neutrino mass matrix.« less

Electromagnet Design for an Experimental Search for CP Violation in Positronium Decay

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Petersburg, Ryan; Henning, Reyco; Bartram, Chelsea

2015-04-01

The 3-photon decay of spin-aligned triplet positronium could be used to search for a charge conjugation and parity (CP) symmetry violation. This CP violation would manifest as a nonzero angular correlation (S-> .k1 -->) (S-> .k1 --> ×k2 -->) between the three decay photons' momentum vectors (|k1 --> | > |k2 --> | > |k3 --> |) and the triplet positronium spin (S->). Current limits on this correlation are at the ~10-3 level; therefore, we propose an experiment to improve this limit. In our experiment, the positronium is spin-polarized by a uniform magnetic field from a conventional electromagnet, and the photons are detected by a segmented NaI gamma detector array with large angular acceptance. This talk discusses the design of this unique electromagnet, which requires good field uniformity for the positronium source and a novel yoke design to minimize fringe field effects for the NaI array's PMTs. This project was supported by the Gillian T. Cell Senior Thesis Research Award in the College of Arts & Sciences, administered by Honors Carolina.

A prospective, randomized, controlled trial of robot-assisted vs freehand pedicle screw fixation in spine surgery.

PubMed

Kim, Ho-Joong; Jung, Whan-Ik; Chang, Bong-Soon; Lee, Choon-Ki; Kang, Kyoung-Tak; Yeom, Jin S

2017-09-01

The purpose of this study was to compare the accuracy and safety of an instrumented posterior lumbar interbody fusion (PLIF) using a robot-assisted minimally invasive (Robot-PLIF) or a conventional open approach (Freehand-PLIF). Patients undergoing an instrumented PLIF were randomly assigned to be treated using a Robot-PLIF (37 patients) and a Freehand-PLIF (41 patients). For intrapedicular accuracy, there was no significant difference between the groups (P = 0.534). For proximal facet joint accuracy, none of the 74 screws in the Robot-PLIF group violated the proximal facet joint, while 13 of 82 in the Freehand-PLIF group violated the proximal facet joint (P < 0.001). The average distance of the screws from the facets was 5.2 ± 2.1 mm and 2.7 ± 1.6 mm in the Robot-PLIF and Freehand-PLIF groups, respectively (P < 0.001). Robotic-assisted pedicle screw placement was associated with fewer proximal facet joint violations and better convergence orientations. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

A review of the generalized uncertainty principle.

PubMed

Tawfik, Abdel Nasser; Diab, Abdel Magied

2015-12-01

Based on string theory, black hole physics, doubly special relativity and some 'thought' experiments, minimal distance and/or maximum momentum are proposed. As alternatives to the generalized uncertainty principle (GUP), the modified dispersion relation, the space noncommutativity, the Lorentz invariance violation, and the quantum-gravity-induced birefringence effects are summarized. The origin of minimal measurable quantities and the different GUP approaches are reviewed and the corresponding observations are analysed. Bounds on the GUP parameter are discussed and implemented in the understanding of recent PLANCK observations of cosmic inflation. The higher-order GUP approaches predict minimal length uncertainty with and without maximum momenta. Possible arguments against the GUP are discussed; for instance, the concern about its compatibility with the equivalence principles, the universality of gravitational redshift and the free fall and law of reciprocal action are addressed.

R D ( * ) anomaly: A possible hint for natural supersymmetry with R -parity violation

DOE PAGES

Altmannshofer, Wolfgang; Bhupal Dev, P. S.; Soni, Amarjit

2017-11-15

Recently, several B-physics experiments have reported an appreciable deviation from the standard model (SM) in the tree-level observables R D(*); the combined weighted average now stands at ≈4σ. We first show the anomaly necessarily implies model-independent collider signals of the form pp → bτν that should be expeditiously searched for at ATLAS/CMS as a complementary test of the anomaly. Next we suggest a possible interconnection of the anomaly with the radiative stability of the standard model Higgs boson and point to a minimal effective supersymmetric scenario with R-parity violation as the underlying cause. In conclusion, we also comment on themore » possibility of simultaneously explaining the recently reported R K(*) anomaly in this setup.« less

Recent progress on CP violation in K → ππ decays in the SM and a supersymmetric solution

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kitahara, T.; Nierste, U.; Tremper, P.

2017-01-01

Using the recent first lattice results of the RBC-UKQCD collaboration for K → ππ decays, we perform a phenomenological analysis of and find a discrepancy between SM prediction and experiments by ∼ 3σ. We discuss an explanation by new physics. The well-understood value of εK , which quantifies indirect CP violation, however, typically prevents large new physics contributions to . In this talk, we show a solution of the discrepancy in the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model with squark masses above 3 TeV without fine-tuning of CP phases. In this solution, the Trojan penguin diagram gives large isospin-breaking contributions which enhance , while the contribution to εK is suppressed thanks to the Majorana nature of gluinos.

Supersymmetric flaxion

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ema, Yohei; Hagihara, Daisuke; Hamaguchi, Koichi; Moroi, Takeo; Nakayama, Kazunori

2018-04-01

Recently, a new minimal extension of the Standard Model has been proposed, where a spontaneously broken, flavor-dependent global U(1) symmetry is introduced. It not only explains the hierarchical flavor structure in the quark and lepton sector, but also solves the strong CP problem by identifying the Nambu-Goldstone boson as the QCD axion, which we call flaxion. In this work, we consider supersymmetric extensions of the flaxion scenario. We study the CP and flavor violations due to supersymmetric particles, the effects of R-parity violations, the cosmological gravitino and axino problems, and the cosmological evolution of the scalar partner of the flaxion, sflaxion. We also propose an attractor-like inflationary model where the flaxion multiplet contains the inflaton field, and show that a consistent cosmological scenario can be obtained, including inflation, leptogenesis, and dark matter.

R D ( * ) anomaly: A possible hint for natural supersymmetry with R -parity violation

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Altmannshofer, Wolfgang; Bhupal Dev, P. S.; Soni, Amarjit

Recently, several B-physics experiments have reported an appreciable deviation from the standard model (SM) in the tree-level observables R D(*); the combined weighted average now stands at ≈4σ. We first show the anomaly necessarily implies model-independent collider signals of the form pp → bτν that should be expeditiously searched for at ATLAS/CMS as a complementary test of the anomaly. Next we suggest a possible interconnection of the anomaly with the radiative stability of the standard model Higgs boson and point to a minimal effective supersymmetric scenario with R-parity violation as the underlying cause. In conclusion, we also comment on themore » possibility of simultaneously explaining the recently reported R K(*) anomaly in this setup.« less

Rescheduling with iterative repair

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Zweben, Monte; Davis, Eugene; Daun, Brian; Deale, Michael

1992-01-01

This paper presents a new approach to rescheduling called constraint-based iterative repair. This approach gives our system the ability to satisfy domain constraints, address optimization concerns, minimize perturbation to the original schedule, produce modified schedules, quickly, and exhibits 'anytime' behavior. The system begins with an initial, flawed schedule and then iteratively repairs constraint violations until a conflict-free schedule is produced. In an empirical demonstration, we vary the importance of minimizing perturbation and report how fast the system is able to resolve conflicts in a given time bound. We also show the anytime characteristics of the system. These experiments were performed within the domain of Space Shuttle ground processing.

Fulfill Promises and Avoid Breaches to Retain Satisfied, Committed Nurses.

PubMed

Rodwell, John; Ellershaw, Julia

2016-07-01

This study examines two commonly proposed mechanisms, violation and trust, to see if they mediate the relationships between the components of the psychological contract (i.e., promises, fulfillment, and breach) and their impact on the work-related outcomes of job satisfaction, intent to quit, and organizational commitment. Online surveys were completed by 459 Australian nurses. Structural equation modeling revealed that breach and fulfillment have direct and mediated effects on the outcomes, whereas promises had no impact. Violation partially mediated the relationship between breach and job satisfaction and intent to quit, while trust partially mediated the relationships between fulfillment and organizational commitment, and breach and organizational commitment. Negative experiences (i.e., breaches) were related to both increased feelings of violation and decreased feelings of trust. In contrast, positive experiences (i.e., fulfillment) increased trust but did not significantly reduce feelings of violation. Nurse and organizational managers can use these findings to improve communication with nurses so as to minimize the negative effects of breach and maximize the positive effects of fulfillment and thus improve attitudes. Nurse managers need to be careful to make promises regarding their nurses' employment that they can fulfill and to particularly avoid breaking the psychological contract. The potentially disproportionate negative effect of breach means that a breach can undo a lot of efforts to fulfill employment-related promises. © 2016 Sigma Theta Tau International.

Property Rights Violations as a Structural Driver of Women’s HIV Risks: A Qualitative Study in Nyanza and Western Provinces, Kenya

PubMed Central

Grabe, Shelly; Lu, Tiffany; Hatcher, Abbey; Kwena, Zachary; Bukusi, Elizabeth; Mwaura-Muiru, Esther

2013-01-01

While access to and control over assets can minimize women’s HIV risk, little is known about the processes through which property rights violations increase the sexual transmission of HIV. The current study focused on two rural areas in Nyanza and Western Province, Kenya where HIV prevalence was high (23.8–33 %) and property rights violations were common. The current work drew on in-depth interview data collected from 50 individuals involved in the development and implementation of a community-led land and property rights program. The program was designed to respond to property rights violations, prevent disinheritance and asset stripping, and reduce HIV risk among women. In our findings, we detailed the social and economic mechanisms through which a loss of property rights was perceived to influence primary and secondary prevention of HIV. These included: loss of income, loss of livelihood and shelter, and migration to slums, markets, or beaches where the exchange of sex for food, money, shelter, clothing, or other goods was common. We also examined the perceived influence of cultural practices, such as wife inheritance, on HIV risk. In the conclusions, we made recommendations for future research in the science-base focused on the development of property ownership as a structural HIV prevention and treatment intervention. PMID:23179234

Charming dark matter

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jubb, Thomas; Kirk, Matthew; Lenz, Alexander

2017-12-01

We have considered a model of Dark Minimal Flavour Violation (DMFV), in which a triplet of dark matter particles couple to right-handed up-type quarks via a heavy colour-charged scalar mediator. By studying a large spectrum of possible constraints, and assessing the entire parameter space using a Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC), we can place strong restrictions on the allowed parameter space for dark matter models of this type.

Supersymmetry models and phenomenology

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Carpenter, Linda M.

We present several models of supersymmetry breaking and explore their phenomenological consequences. First, we build models utilizing the supersymmetry breaking formalism of anomaly mediation. Our first model consists of the minimal supersymmetric standard model plus a singlet, anomaly-mediated soft masses and a Dirac mass which marries the bino to the singlet. The Dirac mass does not affect the so-called "UV insensitivity" of the other soft parameters to running or supersymmetric thresholds and thus flavor physics at intermediate scales would not reintroduce the flavor problem. The Dirac bino is integrated out at a few TeV and produces finite and positive contributions to all hyper-charged scalars at one loop thus producing positive squared slepton masses. Our second model approaches anomaly mediation from the point of view of the mu problem. We present a minimal method for generating a mu term while still generating a viable spectrum. We introduce a new operator involving a hidden sector U(1) gauge field which is then canceled against a Giudice-Masiero-like mu term. No new flavor violating operators are allowed. This procedure produces viable electroweak symmetry breaking in the Higgs sector. Only a single pair of new vector-like messenger fields is needed to correct the slepton masses by deflecting them from their anomaly mediated trajectories. Finally we attempt to solve the Higgs mass tuning problem in the MSSM; both electroweak precision measurements and simple supersymmetric extensions of the standard model prefer the mass of the Higgs boson to be around the Z mass. However, LEP II rules out a standard model-like Higgs lighter than 114.4 GeV. We show that supersymmetric models with R parity violation have a large range of parameter space in which the Higgs effectively decays to six jets (for Baryon number violation) or four jets plus taus and/or missing energy (for Lepton number violation). These decays are much more weakly constrained by current LEP analyses and could be probed by new exclusive channel analyses as well as a combined "model independent" Higgs search analysis by all experiments.

Towards a complete Δ(27) × SO(10) GUT of flavour

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Björkeroth, Fredrik

2017-09-01

We propose a renormalisable model based on Δ(27) family symmetry with an SO(10) grand unified theory (GUT) leading to a novel form of spontaneous geometrical CP violation. The symmetries are broken close to the GUT breaking scale to yield the minimal supersymmetric standard model with standard R-parity. Low-scale Yukawa structure is dictated by the coupling of matter to Δ(27) antitriplets \\bar φ whose vacuum expectation values are aligned in the CSD3 directions by the superpotential. Light physical Majorana neutrinos masses emerge from the seesaw mechanism within SO(10). The model predicts a normal neutrino mass hierarchy with the best-fit lightest neutrino mass m 1 ∼ 0.3 meV, CP-violating oscillation phase δl ≈ 280° and the remaining neutrino parameters all within 1σ of their best-fit experimental values.

Flavoured Dark Matter moving left

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Blanke, Monika; Das, Satrajit; Kast, Simon

2018-02-01

We investigate the phenomenology of a simplified model of flavoured Dark Matter (DM), with a dark fermionic flavour triplet coupling to the left-handed SU(2) L quark doublets via a scalar mediator. The DM-quark coupling matrix is assumed to constitute the only new source of flavour and CP violation, following the hypothesis of Dark Minimal Flavour Violation. We analyse the constraints from LHC searches, from meson mixing data in the K, D, and B d,s meson systems, from thermal DM freeze-out, and from direct detection experiments. Our combined analysis shows that while the experimental constraints are similar to the DMFV models with DM coupling to right-handed quarks, the multitude of couplings between DM and the SM quark sector resulting from the SU(2) L structure implies a richer phenomenology and significantly alters the resulting impact on the viable parameter space.

Active viscoelastic matter: from bacterial drag reduction to turbulent solids.

PubMed

Hemingway, E J; Maitra, A; Banerjee, S; Marchetti, M C; Ramaswamy, S; Fielding, S M; Cates, M E

2015-03-06

A paradigm for internally driven matter is the active nematic liquid crystal, whereby the equations of a conventional nematic are supplemented by a minimal active stress that violates time-reversal symmetry. In practice, active fluids may have not only liquid-crystalline but also viscoelastic polymer degrees of freedom. Here we explore the resulting interplay by coupling an active nematic to a minimal model of polymer rheology. We find that adding a polymer can greatly increase the complexity of spontaneous flow, but can also have calming effects, thereby increasing the net throughput of spontaneous flow along a pipe (a "drag-reduction" effect). Remarkably, active turbulence can also arise after switching on activity in a sufficiently soft elastomeric solid.

Active Viscoelastic Matter: From Bacterial Drag Reduction to Turbulent Solids

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hemingway, E. J.; Maitra, A.; Banerjee, S.; Marchetti, M. C.; Ramaswamy, S.; Fielding, S. M.; Cates, M. E.

2015-03-01

A paradigm for internally driven matter is the active nematic liquid crystal, whereby the equations of a conventional nematic are supplemented by a minimal active stress that violates time-reversal symmetry. In practice, active fluids may have not only liquid-crystalline but also viscoelastic polymer degrees of freedom. Here we explore the resulting interplay by coupling an active nematic to a minimal model of polymer rheology. We find that adding a polymer can greatly increase the complexity of spontaneous flow, but can also have calming effects, thereby increasing the net throughput of spontaneous flow along a pipe (a "drag-reduction" effect). Remarkably, active turbulence can also arise after switching on activity in a sufficiently soft elastomeric solid.

Probing non-unitary CP violation effects in neutrino oscillation experiments

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Verma, Surender; Bhardwaj, Shankita

2018-05-01

In the present work, we have considered minimal unitarity violation scheme to obtain the general expression for ν _{μ }→ ν _{τ } oscillation probability in vacuum and matter. For this channel, we have investigated the sensitivities of short baseline experiments to non-unitary parameters |ρ _{μ τ }| and ω _{μ τ } for normal as well as inverted hierarchical neutrino masses and θ _{23} being above or below maximality. We find that for normal hierarchy, the 3σ sensitivity of |ρ _{μ τ }| is maximum for non-unitary phase ω _{μ τ }=0 whereas it is minimum for ω _{μ τ }=± π . For inverted hierarchy, the sensitivity is minimum at ω _{μ τ }=0 and maximum for ω _{μ τ }=± π . We observe that the sensitivity to measure non-unitarity remains unaffected for unitary CP phase δ =0 or δ =π /2 . We have, also, explored wide spectrum of L/E ratio to investigate the possibilities to observe CP-violation due to unitary (δ ) and non-unitary (ω _{μ τ } ) phases. We find that the both phases can be disentangled, in principle, from each other for L/E<200 km/GeV.

Stashing the stops in multijet events at the LHC

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Diglio, Sara; Feligioni, Lorenzo; Moultaka, Gilbert

2017-09-01

While the presence of a light stop is increasingly disfavored by the experimental limits set on R-parity conserving scenarios, the naturalness of supersymmetry could still be safely concealed in the more challenging final states predicted by the existence of non-null R-parity violating couplings. Although R-parity violating signatures are extensively looked for at the Large Hadron Collider, these searches mostly assume 100% branching ratios for the direct decays of supersymmetric particles into Standard Model ones. In this paper we scrutinize the implications of relaxing this assumption by focusing on one motivated scenario where the lightest stop is heavier than a chargino and a neutralino. Considering a class of R-parity baryon number violating couplings, we show on general grounds that while the direct decay of the stop into Standard Model particles is dominant for large values of these couplings, smaller values give rise, instead, to the dominance of a plethora of longer decay chains and richer final states that have been so far barely analyzed at the LHC, thus weakening the impact of the present experimental stop mass limits. We characterize the case for R-parity baryon number violating couplings in the 10-7-10-1 range, in two different benchmark points scenarios within the model-independent setting of the low-energy phenomenological Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model. We identify the different relevant experimental signatures from stop pair production and decays, estimate the corresponding proton-proton cross sections at √{s }=14 TeV and discuss signal versus background issues.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Bajc, Borut; Di Luzio, Luca

We show that judiciously chosen R-parity violating terms in the minimal renormalizable supersymmetric SU(5) are able to correct all the phenomenologically wrong mass relations between down quarks and charged leptons. The model can accommodate neutrino masses as well. One of the most striking consequences is a large mixing between the electron and the Higgsino. Finally, we show that this can still be in accord with data in some regions of the parameter space and possibly falsified in future experiments.

Analysis of Nondeterministic Search Patterns for Minimization of UAV Counter-Targeting

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-03-01

Defense System NPS Naval Postgraduate School PDF Probability Distribution Function SLS Sea Level Standard UAV Unmanned Aerial Vehicle UAS Unmanned Aerial... intelli - gence regarding a target’s position is obtained, or when contact on a known target is lost. The shape of the AOU is often circular or elliptical...exceed this artificial boundary, ensuring that the searcher will never violate the actual area boundary. This constraint still enables the searcher to

Controlled flavour changing neutral couplings in two Higgs Doublet models

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Alves, Joao M.; Botella, Francisco J.; Branco, Gustavo C.; Cornet-Gomez, Fernando; Nebot, Miguel

2017-09-01

We propose a class of two Higgs doublet models where there are flavour changing neutral currents (FCNC) at tree level, but under control due to the introduction of a discrete symmetry in the full Lagrangian. It is shown that in this class of models, one can have simultaneously FCNC in the up and down sectors, in contrast to the situation encountered in the renormalisable and minimal flavour violating 2HDM models put forward by Branco et al. (Phys Lett B 380:119, 1996). The intensity of FCNC is analysed and it is shown that in this class of models one can respect all the strong constraints from experiment without unnatural fine-tuning. It is pointed out that the additional sources of flavour and CP violation are such that they can enhance significantly the generation of the Bbaryon asymmetry of the Universe, with respect to the standard model.

[Injuries and fatalities caused by gas-/warning weapons].

PubMed

Maxeiner, H; Schneider, V

1989-01-01

Detailed report of 5 cases of violation with gas or warning firearms, 3 of them lethal. In one case a modified weapon (elongated barrel) and steel bullets were used, resulting in shot of the head with retained missile and lethal bleeding. In the other cases, regular weapons (8 or 9 mm cartridges) were used for contact shots; violation occurred only by the effect of powder gases. One of these cases was a suizide (lethal temporal gunshot), in the other cases shots by another person: a) shot against the arm with large soft-tissue damage (survived); b) and c) shot against the neck with exceeding rupture of the soft tissues, minimal damage of the neck arteries and in one cases bilateral tears of the hypopharynx. In this case a delayed death after primarily well operated injury occurred after 12 days by bleeding into the airways from ruptured external carotid artery.

Boundary States and Broken Bulk Symmetries in WAr Minimal Models

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Caldeira, Alexandre F.; Wheater, J. F.

We review the free-field formalism for boundary states. The multi-component free-field formalism is then used to study the boundary states of (p',p) rational conformal field theories having a W symmetry of the type Ar. We show how the classification of primary fields for these models is obtained by demanding modular covariance of cylinder amplitudes and that the resulting modular S matrix satisfies all the necessary conditions. Basis states satisfying the boundary conditions are found in the form of coherent states and as expected we find that W violating states can be found for all these models. We construct consistent physical boundary states for all the rank 2 (p + 1,p) models (of which the already known case of the 3-state Potts model is the simplest example) and find that the W violating sector possesses a direct analogue of the Verlinde formula.

A simulator study for the development and evaluation of operating procedures on a supersonic cruise research transport to minimize airport-community noise

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Grantham, W. D.; Smith, P. M.; Deal, P. L.

1980-01-01

Piloted-simulator studies were conducted to determine takeoff and landing operating procedures for a supersonic cruise research transport concept that result in predicted noise levels which meet current Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) certification standards. With the use of standard FAA noise certification test procedures, the subject simulated aircraft did not meet the FAA traded-noise-level standards during takeoff and landing. However, with the use of advanced procedures, this aircraft meets the traded-noise-level standards for flight crews with average skills. The advanced takeoff procedures developed involved violating some of the current Federal Aviation Regulations (FAR), but it was not necessary to violate any FAR noise-test conditions during landing approach. Noise contours were also determined for some of the simulated takeoffs and landings in order to indicate the noise-reduction advantages of using operational procedures other than standard.

SuperLFV: An SLHA tool for lepton flavor violating observables in supersymmetric models

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Murakami, Brandon

2014-02-01

We introduce SuperLFV, a numerical tool for calculating low-energy observables that exhibit charged lepton flavor violation (LFV) in the context of the minimal supersymmetric standard model (MSSM). As the Large Hadron Collider and MEG, a dedicated μ+→e+γ experiment, are presently acquiring data, there is need for tools that provide rapid discrimination of models that exhibit LFV. SuperLFV accepts a spectrum file compliant with the SUSY Les Houches Accord (SLHA), containing the MSSM couplings and masses with complex phases at the supersymmetry breaking scale. In this manner, SuperLFV is compatible with but divorced from existing SLHA spectrum calculators that provide the low energy spectrum. Hence, input spectra are not confined to the LFV sources provided by established SLHA spectrum calculators. Input spectra may be generated by personal code or by hand, allowing for arbitrary models not supported by existing spectrum calculators.

Working set selection using functional gain for LS-SVM.

PubMed

Bo, Liefeng; Jiao, Licheng; Wang, Ling

2007-09-01

The efficiency of sequential minimal optimization (SMO) depends strongly on the working set selection. This letter shows how the improvement of SMO in each iteration, named the functional gain (FG), is used to select the working set for least squares support vector machine (LS-SVM). We prove the convergence of the proposed method and give some theoretical support for its performance. Empirical comparisons demonstrate that our method is superior to the maximum violating pair (MVP) working set selection.

A call for new physics: The muon anomalous magnetic moment and lepton flavor violation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lindner, Manfred; Platscher, Moritz; Queiroz, Farinaldo S.

2018-02-01

We review how the muon anomalous magnetic moment (g - 2) and the quest for lepton flavor violation are intimately correlated. Indeed the decay μ → eγ is induced by the same amplitude for different choices of in- and outgoing leptons. In this work, we try to address some intriguing questions such as: Which hierarchy in the charged lepton sector one should have in order to reconcile possible signals coming simultaneously from g - 2and lepton flavor violation? What can we learn if the g - 2anomaly is confirmed by the upcoming flagship experiments at FERMILAB and J-PARC, and no signal is seen in the decay μ → eγin the foreseeable future? On the other hand, if the μ → eγdecay is seen in the upcoming years, do we need to necessarily observe a signal also in g - 2?. In this attempt, we generally study the correlation between these observables in a detailed analysis of simplified models. We derive master integrals and fully analytical and exact expressions for both phenomena, and address other flavor violating signals. We investigate under which conditions the observations can be made compatible and discuss their implications. Lastly, we discuss in this context several extensions of the SM, such as the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model, Left-Right symmetric model, B- L model, scotogenic model, two Higgs doublet model, Zee-Babu model, 331 model, and Lμ -Lτ, dark photon, seesaw models type I, II and III, and also address the interplay with μ → eee decay and μ- e conversion.

On the origin of Poincaré gauge gravity

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chkareuli, J. L.

2017-06-01

We argue that the origin of Poincaré gauge gravity (PGG) may be related to spontaneous violation of underlying spacetime symmetries involved and appearance of gauge fields as vector Goldstone bosons. In essence, we start with an arbitrary theory of some vector and fermion fields which possesses only global spacetime symmetries, such as Lorentz and translational invariance, in flat Minkowski space. The two vector field multiplets involved are assumed to belong, respectively, to the adjoint (Aμij) and vector (eμi) representations of the starting global Lorentz symmetry. We propose that these prototype vector fields are covariantly constrained, Aμij Aijμ = ±MA2 and eμi eiμ = ±Me2 , that causes a spontaneous violation of the accompanying global symmetries (MA,e are their presumed violation scales). It then follows that the only possible theory compatible with these length-preserving constraints is turned out to be the gauge invariant PGG, while the corresponding massless (pseudo)Goldstone modes are naturally collected in the emergent gauge fields of tetrads and spin-connections. In a minimal theory case being linear in a curvature we unavoidably come to the Einstein-Cartan theory. The extended theories with propagating spin-connection and tetrad modes are also considered and their possible unification with the Standard Model is briefly discussed.

Implications of the Daya Bay observation of θ13 on the leptonic flavor mixing structure and CP violation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Xing, Zhi-Zhong

2012-04-01

The Daya Bay collaboration has recently reported its first bar nue → bar nue oscillation result which points to θ13 simeq 8.8° +/- 0.8° (best-fit +/-1σ range) or θ13 ≠ 0° at the 5.2σ level. The fact that this smallest neutrino mixing angle is not strongly suppressed motivates us to look into the underlying structure of lepton flavor mixing and CP violation. Two phenomenological strategies are outlined: (1) the lepton flavor mixing matrix U consists of a constant leading term U0 and a small perturbation term ΔU and (2) the mixing angles of U are associated with the lepton mass ratios. Some typical patterns of U0 are reexamined by constraining their respective perturbations with current experimental data. We illustrate a few possible ways to minimally correct U0 in order to fit the observed values of three mixing angles. We point out that the structure of U may exhibit an approximate μ-τ permutation symmetry in modulus, and reiterate the geometrical description of CP violation in terms of the leptonic unitarity triangles. The salient features of nine distinct parametrizations of U are summarized, and its Wolfenstein-like expansion is presented by taking U0 to be the democratic mixing pattern.

A search for squarks of Rp-violating SUSY at HERA

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Aid, S.; Andreev, V.; Andrieu, B.; Appuhn, R. D.; Arpagaus, M.; Babaev, A.; Bähr, J.; Bán, J.; Ban, Y.; Baranov, P.; Barrelet, E.; Barschke, R.; Bartel, W.; Barth, M.; Bassler, U.; Beck, H. P.; Behrend, H. J.; Belousov, A.; Berger, Ch.; Bernardi, G.; Bernet, R.; Bertrand-Coremans, G.; Besançon, M.; Beyer, R.; Biddulph, P.; Bispham, P.; Bizot, J. C.; Blobel, V.; Borras, K.; Botterweck, F.; Boudry, V.; Braemer, A.; Braunschweig, W.; Brisson, V.; Bruel, P.; Bruncko, D.; Brune, C.; Buchholz, R.; Büngener, L.; Bürger, J.; Büsser, F. W.; Buniatian, A.; Burke, S.; Burton, M. J.; Buschhorn, G.; Campbell, A. J.; Carli, T.; Charles, F.; Charlet, M.; Clarke, D.; Clegg, A. B.; Clerbaux, B.; Cocks, S.; Contreras, J. G.; Cormack, C.; Coughlan, J. A.; Courau, A.; Cousinou, M. C.; Cozzika, G.; Criegee, L.; Cussans, D. G.; Cvach, J.; Dagoret, S.; Dainton, J. B.; Dau, W. D.; Daum, K.; David, M.; Davis, C. L.; Delcourt, B.; de Roeck, A.; de Wolf, E. A.; Dirkmann, M.; Dixon, P.; di Nezza, P.; Dlugosz, W.; Dollfus, C.; Dowell, J. D.; Dreis, H. B.; Droutskoi, A.; Düllmann, D.; Dünger, O.; Duhm, H.; Ebert, J.; Ebert, T. R.; Eckerlin, G.; Efremenko, V.; Egli, S.; Eichler, R.; Eisele, F.; Eisenhandler, E.; Ellison, R. J.; Elsen, E.; Erdmann, M.; Erdmann, W.; Evrard, E.; Fahr, A. B.; Favart, L.; Fedotov, A.; Feeken, D.; Felst, R.; Feltesse, J.; Ferencei, J.; Ferrarotto, F.; Flamm, K.; Fleischer, M.; Flieser, M.; Flügge, G.; Fomenko, A.; Fominykh, B.; Formánek, J.; Foster, J. M.; Franke, G.; Fretwurst, E.; Gabathuler, E.; Gabathuler, K.; Gaede, F.; Garvey, J.; Gayler, J.; Gebauer, M.; Gellrich, A.; Genzel, H.; Gerhards, R.; Glazov, A.; Goerlach, U.; Goerlich, L.; Gogitidze, N.; Goldberg, M.; Goldner, D.; Golec-Biernat, K.; Gonzalez-Pineiro, B.; Gorelov, I.; Grab, C.; Grässler, H.; Grässler, R.; Greenshaw, T.; Griffiths, R.; Grindhammer, G.; Gruber, A.; Gruber, C.; Haack, J.; Haidt, D.; Hajduk, L.; Hampel, M.; Haynes, W. J.; Heinzelmann, G.; Henderson, R. C. W.; Henschel, H.; Herynek, I.; Hess, M. F.; Hildesheim, W.; Hiller, K. H.; Hilton, C. D.; Hladky, J.; Hoeger, K. C.; Höppner, M.; Hoffmann, D.; Holtom, T.; Horisberger, R.; Hudgson, V. L.; Hütte, M.; Hufnagel, H.; Ibbotson, M.; Itterbeck, H.; Jacholkowska, A.; Jacobsson, C.; Jaffre, M.; Janoth, J.; Jansen, T.; Jönsson, L.; Johannsen, K.; Johnson, D. P.; Johnson, L.; Jung, H.; Kalmus, P. I. P.; Kander, M.; Kant, D.; Kaschowitz, R.; Kathage, U.; Katzy, J.; Kaufmann, H. H.; Kaufmann, O.; Kazarian, S.; Kenyon, I. R.; Kermiche, S.; Keuker, C.; Kiesling, C.; Klein, M.; Kleinwort, C.; Knies, G.; Köhler, T.; Köhne, J. H.; Kolanoski, H.; Kole, F.; Kolya, S. D.; Korbel, V.; Korn, M.; Kostka, P.; Kotelnikov, S. K.; Krämerkämper, T.; Krasny, M. W.; Krehbiel, H.; Krücker, D.; Krüger, U.; Krüner-Marquis, U.; Küster, H.; Kuhlen, M.; Kurča, T.; Kurzhöfer, J.; Lacour, D.; Laforge, B.; Lander, R.; Landon, M. P. J.; Lange, W.; Langenegger, U.; Laporte, J. F.; Lebedev, A.; Lehner, F.; Leverenz, C.; Levonian, S.; Ley, Ch.; Lindström, G.; Lindstroem, M.; Link, J.; Linsel, F.; Lipinski, J.; List, B.; Lobo, G.; Lohmander, H.; Lomas, J. W.; Lopez, G. C.; Lubimov, V.; Lüke, D.; Magnussen, N.; Malinovski, E.; Mani, S.; Maraček, R.; Marage, P.; Marks, J.; Marshall, R.; Martens, J.; Martin, G.; Martin, R.; Martyn, H. U.; Martyniak, J.; Mavroidis, T.; Maxfield, S. J.; McMahon, S. J.; Mehta, A.; Meier, K.; Merz, T.; Meyer, A.; Meyer, A.; Meyer, H.; Meyer, J.; Meyer, P. O.; Migliori, A.; Mikocki, S.; Milstead, D.; Moeck, J.; Moreau, F.; Morris, J. V.; Mroczko, E.; Müller, D.; Müller, G.; Müller, K.; Murín, P.; Nagovizin, V.; Nahnhauer, R.; Naroska, B.; Naumann, Th.; Newman, P. R.; Newton, D.; Neyret, D.; Nguyen, H. K.; Nicholls, T. C.; Niebergall, F.; Niebuhr, C.; Niedzballa, Ch.; Niggli, H.; Nisius, R.; Nowak, G.; Noyes, G. W.; Nyberg-Werther, M.; Oakden, M.; Oberlack, H.; Obrock, U.; Olsson, J. E.; Ozerov, D.; Palmen, P.; Panaro, E.; Panitch, A.; Pascaud, C.; Patel, G. D.; Pawletta, H.; Peppel, E.; Perez, E.; Phillips, J. P.; Pieuchot, A.; Pitzl, D.; Pope, G.; Prell, S.; Prosi, R.; Rabbertz, K.; Rädel, G.; Raupach, F.; Reimer, P.; Reinshagen, S.; Rick, H.; Riech, V.; Riedlberger, J.; Riepenhausen, F.; Riess, S.; Rizvi, E.; Robertson, S. M.; Robmann, P.; Roloff, H. E.; Roosen, R.; Rosenbauer, K.; Rostovtsev, A.; Rouse, F.; Royon, C.; Rüter, K.; Rusakov, S.; Rybicki, K.; Sahlmann, N.; Sankey, D. P. C.; Schacht, P.; Schiek, S.; Schleif, S.; Schleper, P.; von Schlippe, W.; Schmidt, D.; Schmidt, G.; Schöning, A.; Schröder, V.; Schuhmann, E.; Schwab, B.; Sefkow, F.; Seidel, M.; Sell, R.; Semenov, A.; Shekelyan, V.; Sheviakov, I.; Shtarkov, L. N.; Siegmon, G.; Siewert, U.; Sirois, Y.; Skillicorn, I. O.; Smirnov, P.; Smith, J. R.; Solochenko, V.; Soloviev, Y.; Specka, A.; Spiekermann, J.; Spielman, S.; Spitzer, H.; Squinabol, F.; Starosta, R.; Steenbock, M.; Steffen, P.; Steinberg, R.; Steiner, H.; Stella, B.; Stellberger, A.; Stier, J.; Stiewe, J.; Stößlein, U.; Stolze, K.; Straumann, U.; Struczinski, W.; Sutton, J. P.; Tapprogge, S.; Taševský, M.; Tchernyshov, V.; Tchetchelnitski, S.; Theissen, J.; Thiebaux, C.; Thompson, G.; Truöl, P.; Turnau, J.; Tutas, J.; Uelkes, P.; Usik, A.; Valkár, S.; Valkárová, A.; Vallée, C.; Vandenplas, D.; van Esch, P.; van Mechelen, P.; Vazdik, Y.; Verrecchia, P.; Villet, G.; Wacker, K.; Wagener, A.; Wagener, M.; Walther, A.; Waugh, B.; Weber, G.; Weber, M.; Wegener, D.; Wegner, A.; Wengler, T.; Werner, M.; West, L. R.; Wilksen, T.; Willard, S.; Winde, M.; Winter, G. G.; Wittek, C.; Wünsch, E.; Žáček, J.; Zarbock, D.; Zhang, Z.; Zhokin, A.; Zimmer, M.; Zomer, F.; Zsembery, J.; Zuber, K.; Zurnedden, M.

1996-03-01

A search for squarks of R-parity violating supersymmetry is performed in ep collisions at HERA using H1 1994 e + data. Direct single production of squarks of each generation by e +-quark fusion via a Yukawa coupling λ' is considered. All possible R-parity violating decays and gauge decays of the squarks are taken into account. No significant deviation from the Standard Model predictions is found in the various multi-lepton and multi-jet final states studied and exclusion limits are derived. At 95% confidence level, the existence of first generation squarks is excluded for masses up to 240 GeV for coupling values λ'≳√4 πα em. The limits obtained are shown to be only weakly dependent on the free parameters of the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model. Stop squarks are excluded for masses up to 138 GeV for coupling λ'×cos θ t to e +d pairs ≳0.1×√4 πα em, where θ t is the mass mixing angle. Light stop squarks are furthermore searched for through pair production in γ-gluon fusion processes. No signal is observed and exclusion limits are derived. Masses in the range 9 to 24.4 GeV are excluded at 95% confidence level for λ'×cos θ t>10-4.

Electroweak symmetry breaking and collider signatures in the next-to-minimal composite Higgs model

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Niehoff, Christoph; Stangl, Peter; Straub, David M.

2017-04-01

We conduct a detailed numerical analysis of the composite pseudo-Nambu-Goldstone Higgs model based on the next-to-minimal coset SO(6)/SO(5) ≅ SU(4)/Sp(4), featuring an additional SM singlet scalar in the spectrum, which we allow to mix with the Higgs boson. We identify regions in parameter space compatible with all current exper-imental constraints, including radiative electroweak symmetry breaking, flavour physics, and direct searches at colliders. We find the additional scalar, with a mass predicted to be below a TeV, to be virtually unconstrained by current LHC data, but potentially in reach of run 2 searches. Promising indirect searches include rare semi-leptonic B decays, CP violation in B s mixing, and the electric dipole moment of the neutron.

Population Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Model-Based Comparability Assessment of a Recombinant Human Epoetin Alfa and the Biosimilar HX575

PubMed Central

Yan, Xiaoyu; Lowe, Philip J.; Fink, Martin; Berghout, Alexander; Balser, Sigrid; Krzyzanski, Wojciech

2012-01-01

The aim of this study was to develop an integrated pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) model and assess the comparability between epoetin alfa HEXAL/Binocrit (HX575) and a comparator epoetin alfa by a model-based approach. PK/PD data—including serum drug concentrations, reticulocyte counts, red blood cells, and hemoglobin levels—were obtained from 2 clinical studies. In sum, 149 healthy men received multiple intravenous or subcutaneous doses of HX575 (100 IU/kg) and the comparator 3 times a week for 4 weeks. A population model based on pharmacodynamics-mediated drug disposition and cell maturation processes was used to characterize the PK/PD data for the 2 drugs. Simulations showed that due to target amount changes, total clearance may increase up to 2.4-fold as compared with the baseline. Further simulations suggested that once-weekly and thrice-weekly subcutaneous dosing regimens would result in similar efficacy. The findings from the model-based analysis were consistent with previous results using the standard noncompartmental approach demonstrating PK/PD comparability between HX575 and comparator. However, due to complexity of the PK/PD model, control of random effects was not straightforward. Whereas population PK/PD model-based analyses are suited for studying complex biological systems, such models have their limitations (statistical), and their comparability results should be interpreted carefully. PMID:22162538

CP violations in the Universe

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Auriemma, Giulio

2003-12-01

The origin of the asymmetry between matter and antimatter that is evident in our part of the Universe is one of the open questions in cosmology, because the CPT symmetry between matter and antimatter seems to be absolutely conserved at microscopic level. We repeat here the classical proofs which exclude the viability of a Universe baryon symmetric on the average, or the observed asymmetry as an initial conditions. The current understanding is that the asymmetry should have been dynamically generated before nucleosynthesis, by B, C, and CP violating processes, acting out of thermodynamical equilibrium, as suggested by Sakharov in the 70's. The physical realizations of these conditions would be possible, in principle, also in the framework of the Standard Model of elementary particles, but the present limits on the mass of the higgs particle exclude this possibility. Finally we present the model of baryogenesis through leptogenesis, which is allowed by a minimal extension of the Standard Model, which has the appeal of being testable in future long-baseline neutrino oscillation experiments.

Constraining the top-Higgs sector of the standard model effective field theory

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Cirigliano, V.; Dekens, W.; de Vries, J.; Mereghetti, E.

2016-08-01

Working in the framework of the Standard Model effective field theory, we study chirality-flipping couplings of the top quark to Higgs and gauge bosons. We discuss in detail the renormalization-group evolution to lower energies and investigate direct and indirect contributions to high- and low-energy C P -conserving and C P -violating observables. Our analysis includes constraints from collider observables, precision electroweak tests, flavor physics, and electric dipole moments. We find that indirect probes are competitive or dominant for both C P -even and C P -odd observables, even after accounting for uncertainties associated with hadronic and nuclear matrix elements, illustrating the importance of including operator mixing in constraining the Standard Model effective field theory. We also study scenarios where multiple anomalous top couplings are generated at the high scale, showing that while the bounds on individual couplings relax, strong correlations among couplings survive. Finally, we find that enforcing minimal flavor violation does not significantly affect the bounds on the top couplings.

Identification of task demands and usability issues in police use of mobile computing terminals.

PubMed

Zahabi, Maryam; Kaber, David

2018-01-01

Crash reports from various states in the U.S. have shown high numbers of emergency vehicle crashes, especially in law enforcement situations. This study identified the perceived importance and frequency of police mobile computing terminal (MCT) tasks, quantified the demands of different tasks using a cognitive performance modeling methodology, identified usability violations of current MCT interface designs, and formulated design recommendations for an enhanced interface. Results revealed that "access call notes", "plate number check" and "find location on map" are the most important and frequently performed tasks for officers. "Reading plate information" was also found to be the most visually and cognitively demanding task-method. Usability principles of "using simple and natural dialog" and "minimizing user memory load" were violated by the current MCT interface design. The enhanced design showed potential for reducing cognitive demands and task completion time. Findings should be further validated using a driving simulation study. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Hints for new sources of flavour violation in meson mixing

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Blanke, M.

2017-07-01

The recent results by the Fermilab-Lattice and MILC collaborations on the hadronic matrix elements entering B_{d,s} - bar{B}_{d,s} mixing show a significant tension of the measured values of the mass differences Δ M_{d,s} with their SM predictions. We review the implications of these results in the context of Constrained Minimal Flavour Violation models. In these models, the CKM elements γ and \\vert V_{ub}\\vert/\\vert V_{cb}\\vert can be determined from B_{d,s} - bar{B}_{d,s} mixing observables, yielding a prediction for γ below its tree-level value. Determining subsequently \\vert V_{cb}\\vert from the measured value of either Δ M_s or ɛ_K gives inconsistent results, with the tension being smallest in the Standard Model limit. This tension can be resolved if the flavour universality of new contributions to Δ F = 2 observables is broken. We briefly discuss the case of U(2)^3 flavour models as an illustrative example.

Using lean "automation with a human touch" to improve medication safety: a step closer to the "perfect dose".

PubMed

Ching, Joan M; Williams, Barbara L; Idemoto, Lori M; Blackmore, C Craig

2014-08-01

Virginia Mason Medical Center (Seattle) employed the Lean concept of Jidoka (automation with a human touch) to plan for and deploy bar code medication administration (BCMA) to hospitalized patients. Integrating BCMA technology into the nursing work flow with minimal disruption was accomplished using three steps ofJidoka: (1) assigning work to humans and machines on the basis of their differing abilities, (2) adapting machines to the human work flow, and (3) monitoring the human-machine interaction. Effectiveness of BCMA to both reinforce safe administration practices and reduce medication errors was measured using the Collaborative Alliance for Nursing Outcomes (CALNOC) Medication Administration Accuracy Quality Study methodology. Trained nurses observed a total of 16,149 medication doses for 3,617 patients in a three-year period. Following BCMA implementation, the number of safe practice violations decreased from 54.8 violations/100 doses (January 2010-September 2011) to 29.0 violations/100 doses (October 2011-December 2012), resulting in an absolute risk reduction of 25.8 violations/100 doses (95% confidence interval [CI]: 23.7, 27.9, p < .001). The number of medication errors decreased from 5.9 errors/100 doses at baseline to 3.0 errors/100 doses after BCMA implementation (absolute risk reduction: 2.9 errors/100 doses [95% CI: 2.2, 3.6,p < .001]). The number of unsafe administration practices (estimate, -5.481; standard error 1.133; p < .001; 95% CI: -7.702, -3.260) also decreased. As more hospitals respond to health information technology meaningful use incentives, thoughtful, methodical, and well-managed approaches to technology deployment are crucial. This work illustrates how Jidoka offers opportunities for a smooth transition to new technology.

Unified models of neutrinos, flavour and CP Violation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

King, S. F.

2017-05-01

Recent data from neutrino experiments gives intriguing hints about the mass ordering, the CP violating phase and non-maximal atmospheric mixing. There seems to be a (one sigma) preference for a normal ordered (NO) neutrino mass pattern, with a CP phase δ = - 100 ° ± 50 °, and (more significantly) non-maximal atmospheric mixing. Global fits for the NO case yield lepton mixing angle one sigma ranges: θ23 ≈ 41.4 ° ± 1.6 °, θ12 ≈ 33.2 ° ± 1.2 °, θ13 ≈ 8.45 ° ± 0.15 °. Cosmology gives a limit on the total of the three masses to be below about 0.23 eV, favouring hierarchical neutrino masses over quasi-degenerate masses. Given such experimental advances, it seems an opportune moment to review the theoretical status of attempts to explain such a pattern of neutrino masses and lepton mixing, focusing on approaches based on the four pillars of: predictivity, minimality, robustness and unification. Predictivity can result from various mixing sum rules whose status is reviewed. Minimality can follow from the type I seesaw mechanism, including constrained sequential dominance of right-handed (RH) neutrinos, and the littlest seesaw model. Robustness requires enforcing a discrete CP and non-Abelian family symmetry, spontaneously broken by flavons with the symmetry preserved in a semi-direct way. Unification can account for all lepton and quark masses, mixing angles and CP phases, as in Supersymmetric Grand Unified Theories of Flavour, with possible string theory origin.

Search for R -parity violating supersymmetry with displaced vertices in proton-proton collisions at s = 8 TeV

DOE PAGES

Khachatryan, V.; Sirunyan, A. M.; Tumasyan, A.; ...

2017-01-25

Results are reported from a search for R-parity violating supersymmetry in proton-proton collision events collected by the CMS experiment at a center-of-mass energy of √s = 8 TeV. Here, the data sample corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 17.6 fb –1. This search assumes a minimal flavor violating model in which the lightest supersymmetric particle is a long-lived neutralino or gluino, leading to a signal with jets emanating from displaced vertices. In a sample of events with two displaced vertices, no excess yield above the expectation from standard model processes is observed, and limits are placed on the pair productionmore » cross section as a function of mass and lifetime of the neutralino or gluino. At 95% confidence level, the analysis excludes cross sections above approximately 1 fb for neutralinos or gluinos with mass between 400 and 1500 GeV and mean proper decay length between 1 and 30 mm. Gluino masses are excluded below 1 and 1.3 TeV for mean proper decay lengths of 300 μm an 1 mm, respectively, and below 1.4 TeV for the range 2–30 mm. The results are also applicable to other models in which long-lived particles decay into multijet final states.« less

Search for R -parity violating supersymmetry with displaced vertices in proton-proton collisions at s = 8 TeV

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Khachatryan, V.; Sirunyan, A. M.; Tumasyan, A.

Results are reported from a search for R-parity violating supersymmetry in proton-proton collision events collected by the CMS experiment at a center-of-mass energy of √s = 8 TeV. Here, the data sample corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 17.6 fb –1. This search assumes a minimal flavor violating model in which the lightest supersymmetric particle is a long-lived neutralino or gluino, leading to a signal with jets emanating from displaced vertices. In a sample of events with two displaced vertices, no excess yield above the expectation from standard model processes is observed, and limits are placed on the pair productionmore » cross section as a function of mass and lifetime of the neutralino or gluino. At 95% confidence level, the analysis excludes cross sections above approximately 1 fb for neutralinos or gluinos with mass between 400 and 1500 GeV and mean proper decay length between 1 and 30 mm. Gluino masses are excluded below 1 and 1.3 TeV for mean proper decay lengths of 300 μm an 1 mm, respectively, and below 1.4 TeV for the range 2–30 mm. The results are also applicable to other models in which long-lived particles decay into multijet final states.« less

An Example of an Improvable Rao-Blackwell Improvement, Inefficient Maximum Likelihood Estimator, and Unbiased Generalized Bayes Estimator.

PubMed

Galili, Tal; Meilijson, Isaac

2016-01-02

The Rao-Blackwell theorem offers a procedure for converting a crude unbiased estimator of a parameter θ into a "better" one, in fact unique and optimal if the improvement is based on a minimal sufficient statistic that is complete. In contrast, behind every minimal sufficient statistic that is not complete, there is an improvable Rao-Blackwell improvement. This is illustrated via a simple example based on the uniform distribution, in which a rather natural Rao-Blackwell improvement is uniformly improvable. Furthermore, in this example the maximum likelihood estimator is inefficient, and an unbiased generalized Bayes estimator performs exceptionally well. Counterexamples of this sort can be useful didactic tools for explaining the true nature of a methodology and possible consequences when some of the assumptions are violated. [Received December 2014. Revised September 2015.].

Cognitive mechanisms for the evolution of religious thought.

PubMed

Fondevila, Sabela; Martín-Loeches, Manuel

2013-09-01

The reasons behind the cultural persistence of religious beliefs throughout human history and prehistory still generate unanswered questions requiring scientific explanations. Within the framework of the cognitive science of religion, this article reviews experimental evidence supporting human predisposition for religious thinking and focuses on the hypothesis that a reason why religious beliefs are successful is their minimal counterintuitiveness. According to this hypothesis, religious concepts or stories would be characterized by containing only a small number of world-knowledge violations, which attracts attention while improving memorizability. We conclude this review by summarizing recent findings from our group using brain electrical activity and delving further into these questions. Our research suggests parallels between the natural tendency of the human cognitive system to use metaphors and the minimal counterintuitiveness of religious beliefs. © 2013 New York Academy of Sciences.

Gauged lepton flavour

DOE PAGES

Alonso, Rodrigo; Fernandez Martinez, Enrique; Gavela, M. B.; ...

2016-12-22

The gauging of the lepton flavour group is considered in the Standard Model context and in its extension with three right-handed neutrinos. The anomaly cancellation conditions lead to a Seesaw mechanism as underlying dynamics for all leptons; in addition, it requires a phenomenologically viable setup which leads to Majorana masses for the neutral sector: the type I Seesaw Lagrangian in the Standard Model case and the inverse Seesaw in the extended model. Within the minimal extension of the scalar sector, the Yukawa couplings are promoted to scalar fields in the bifundamental of the flavour group. The resulting low-energy Yukawa couplingsmore » are proportional to inverse powers of the vacuum expectation values of those scalars; the protection against flavour changing neutral currents differs from that of Minimal Flavour Violation. In every case, the μ - τ flavour sector exhibits rich and promising phenomenological signals.« less

Concurrence of assistance and Mermin inequality on three-qubit pure states

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Chi, Dong Pyo; Kim, Taewan; Lee, Kyungjin

2010-04-15

We study a relation between the concurrence of assistance and the Mermin inequality on three-qubit pure states and claim that if a three-qubit pure state has a minimal concurrence of assistance greater than 1/2 then the state violates some Mermin inequality. In this work, we analytically show that our claim holds for several classes and also find that it can be generalized to the set of all three-qubit pure states by exploiting previous numerical work [C. Emary and C. W. J. Beenakker, Phys. Rev. A 69, 032317 (2004)].

Comparison of minimally invasive spine surgery using intraoperative computed tomography integrated navigation, fluoroscopy, and conventional open surgery for lumbar spondylolisthesis: a prospective registry-based cohort study.

PubMed

Wu, Meng-Huang; Dubey, Navneet Kumar; Li, Yen-Yao; Lee, Ching-Yu; Cheng, Chin-Chang; Shi, Chung-Sheng; Huang, Tsung-Jen

2017-08-01

To date, the surgical approaches for the treatment of lumbar spondylolisthesis by transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF) using minimally invasive spine surgery assisted with intraoperative computed tomography image-integrated navigation (MISS-iCT), fluoroscopy (MISS-FS), and conventional open surgery (OS) are debatable. This study compared TLIF using MISS-iCT, MISS-FS, and OS for treatment of one-level lumbar spondylolisthesis. This is a prospective, registry-based cohort study that compared surgical approaches for patients who underwent surgical treatment for one-level lumbar spondylolisthesis. One hundred twenty-four patients from January 2010 to March 2012 in a medical center were recruited. The outcome measures were clinical assessments, including Short-Form 12, visual analog scale (VAS), Oswestry Disability Index, Core Outcome Measurement Index, and patient satisfaction, and blood loss, hospital stay, operation time, postoperative pedicle screw accuracy, and superior-level facet violation. All surgeries were performed by two senior surgeons together. Ninety-nine patients (40M, 59F) who had at least 2 years' follow-up were divided into three groups according to the operation methods: MISS-iCT (N=24), MISS-FS (N=23), and OS (N=52) groups. Charts and surgical records along with postoperative CT images were assessed. MISS-iCT and MISS-FS demonstrated a significantly lowered blood loss and hospital stay compared with OS group (p<.01). Operation time was significantly lower in the MISS-iCT and OS groups compared with the MISS-FS group (p=.002). Postoperatively, VAS scores at 1 year and 2 years were significantly improved in the MISS-iCT and MISS-FS groups compared with the OS groups. No significant difference in the number of pedicle screw breach (>2 mm) was found. However, a lower superior-level facet violation rate was observed in the MISS-iCT and OS groups (p=.049). MISS-iCT TLIF demonstrated reduced operation time, blood loss, superior-level facet violation, hospital stay, and improved functional outcomes compared with the MISS-FS and OS approaches. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Tucson Woman's Clinic v. Eden.

PubMed

2004-01-01

Court Decision: 379 Federal Reporter, 3d Series 531; 2004 Jun 18 (date of decision). The U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit reversed in part a lower court decision and held that an Arizona law requiring licensing and regulation of any medical facility performing five or more first trimester abortions per month, or any second or third trimester abortions, did not violate the equal protection clause, and that it violated the Fourth Amendment and the plaintiff's right to informational privacy and was, in part, unconstitutionally vague. The appellate court held that the Arizona law did not violate the equal protection right of doctors who perform abortions because the law was related to health and safety issues, and there was no evidence of a stigmatizing or animus-based purpose to the law. Similarly, the law did not violate the equal protection right of doctors who provide more, rather than fewer, abortions because the state's rationale for the law (that the requirements would unduly burden smaller practices) was legitimate and was not absurd or irrational. The law did not violate the equal protection right of women seeking abortions because the state interest justifying the regulation was maternal health and the plaintiffs failed to show an invidious purpose behind the law. The court held that the law's provision allowing warrantless searches of regulated clinics violated the Fourth Amendment because abortion clinics are not a closely regulated industry. The court also held that two of the law's provisions violated the right of informational privacy. First, the law allowed health department employees access to patient records even though there was tremendous potential for harm, there were inadequate safeguards to prevent unauthorized disclosure, the goals of the information release could be met without releasing identifying patient information, and the public interest was not promoted. The law also allowed release of ultrasound prints containing patient information and did not provide safeguards to protect private patient information despite the potential for harm. The court did not find a provision requiring incident reports to the medical licensing board following death or serious injury to violate the right of informational privacy because the type of information requested was narrowly tailored, the information was only required in limited circumstances, the potential for harm was minimized by existing statutory safeguards, and there was a strong state interest in having professional physician licensing boards monitor serious incidences. The court held that the law's provision requiring patients "be treated with consideration, respect and full recognition of the patient's dignity and individuality" was unconstitutionally vague because the meanings of "consideration," "respect," "dignity," and "individuality" were widely variable and the words were not medical terms. As such, the provision was too vague and subjective for providers to know how they should act and did not limit arbitrary enforcement. Finally, the court held that a provision requiring a hospital-admitted physician be on-site was constitutional because it did not violate procedural or substantive due process. The court remanded the case for determination of whether the law unduly burdened a woman's right to an abortion.

Vacuum Cherenkov radiation for Lorentz-violating fermions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Schreck, M.

2017-11-01

The current work focuses on the process of vacuum Cherenkov radiation for Lorentz-violating fermions that are described by the minimal standard-model extension (SME). To date, most considerations of this important hypothetical process have been restricted to Lorentz-violating photons, as the necessary theoretical tools for the SME fermion sector have not been available. With their development in a very recent paper, we are now in a position to compute the decay rates based on a modified Dirac theory. Two realizations of the Cherenkov process are studied. In the first scenario, the spin projection of the incoming fermion is assumed to be conserved, and in the second, the spin projection is allowed to flip. The first type of process is shown to be still forbidden for the dimensionful a and b coefficients where there are strong indications that it is energetically disallowed for the H coefficients, as well. However, it is rendered possible for the dimensionless c , d , e , f , and g coefficients. For large initial fermion energies, the decay rates for the c and d coefficients were found to grow linearly with momentum and to be linearly suppressed by the smallness of the Lorentz-violating coefficient where for the e , f , and g coefficients this suppression is even quadratic. The decay rates vanish in the vicinity of the threshold, as expected. The decay including a fermion spin-flip plays a role for the spin-nondegenerate operators and it was found to occur for the dimensionful b and H coefficients as well as for the dimensionless d and g . The characteristics of this process differ much from the properties of the spin-conserving one, e.g., there is no threshold. Based on experimental data of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays, new constraints on Lorentz violation in the quark sector are obtained from the thresholds. However, it does not seem to be possible to derive bounds from the spin-flip decays. This work reveals the usefulness of the quantum field theoretic methods recently developed to study the phenomenology of high-energy fermions within the framework of the SME.

Towards the identification of new physics through quark flavour violating processes.

PubMed

Buras, Andrzej J; Girrbach, Jennifer

2014-08-01

We outline a systematic strategy that should help in this decade to identify new physics (NP) beyond the standard model (SM) by means of quark flavour violating processes, and thereby extend the picture of short distance physics down to scales as short as 10(-20) m and even shorter distance scales corresponding to energies of 100 TeV. Rather than using all of the possible flavour-violating observables that will be measured in the coming years at the LHC, SuperKEKB and in Kaon physics dedicated experiments at CERN, J-PARC and Fermilab, we concentrate on those observables that are theoretically clean and very sensitive to NP. Assuming that the data on the selected observables will be very precise, we stress the importance of correlations between these observables as well as of future precise calculations of non-perturbative parameters by means of lattice QCD simulations with dynamical fermions. Our strategy consists of twelve steps, which we will discuss in detail while illustrating the possible outcomes with the help of the SM, models with constrained minimal flavour violation (CMFV), MFV at large and models with tree-level flavour changing neutral currents mediated by neutral gauge bosons and scalars. We will also briefly summarize the status of a number of concrete models. We propose DNA charts that exhibit correlations between flavour observables in different NP scenarios. Models with new left-handed and/or right-handed currents and non-MFV interactions can be distinguished transparently in this manner. We emphasize the important role of the stringent CMFV relations between various observables as standard candles of flavour physics. The pattern of deviations from these relations may help in identifying the correct NP scenario. The success of this program will be very much facilitated through direct signals of NP at the LHC, even if the LHC will not be able to probe the physics at scales shorter than 4 × 10(-20) m. We also emphasize the importance of lepton flavour violation, electric dipole moments, and (g - 2)e, μ in these studies.

Perturbed Yukawa textures in the minimal seesaw model

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rink, Thomas; Schmitz, Kai

2017-03-01

We revisit the minimal seesaw model, i.e., the type-I seesaw mechanism involving only two right-handed neutrinos. This model represents an important minimal benchmark scenario for future experimental updates on neutrino oscillations. It features four real parameters that cannot be fixed by the current data: two CP -violating phases, δ and σ, as well as one complex parameter, z, that is experimentally inaccessible at low energies. The parameter z controls the structure of the neutrino Yukawa matrix at high energies, which is why it may be regarded as a label or index for all UV completions of the minimal seesaw model. The fact that z encompasses only two real degrees of freedom allows us to systematically scan the minimal seesaw model over all of its possible UV completions. In doing so, we address the following question: suppose δ and σ should be measured at particular values in the future — to what extent is one then still able to realize approximate textures in the neutrino Yukawa matrix? Our analysis, thus, generalizes previous studies of the minimal seesaw model based on the assumption of exact texture zeros. In particular, our study allows us to assess the theoretical uncertainty inherent to the common texture ansatz. One of our main results is that a normal light-neutrino mass hierarchy is, in fact, still consistent with a two-zero Yukawa texture, provided that the two texture zeros receive corrections at the level of O (10%). While our numerical results pertain to the minimal seesaw model only, our general procedure appears to be applicable to other neutrino mass models as well.

Randomness Amplification under Minimal Fundamental Assumptions on the Devices

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ramanathan, Ravishankar; Brandão, Fernando G. S. L.; Horodecki, Karol; Horodecki, Michał; Horodecki, Paweł; Wojewódka, Hanna

2016-12-01

Recently, the physically realistic protocol amplifying the randomness of Santha-Vazirani sources producing cryptographically secure random bits was proposed; however, for reasons of practical relevance, the crucial question remained open regarding whether this can be accomplished under the minimal conditions necessary for the task. Namely, is it possible to achieve randomness amplification using only two no-signaling components and in a situation where the violation of a Bell inequality only guarantees that some outcomes of the device for specific inputs exhibit randomness? Here, we solve this question and present a device-independent protocol for randomness amplification of Santha-Vazirani sources using a device consisting of two nonsignaling components. We show that the protocol can amplify any such source that is not fully deterministic into a fully random source while tolerating a constant noise rate and prove the composable security of the protocol against general no-signaling adversaries. Our main innovation is the proof that even the partial randomness certified by the two-party Bell test [a single input-output pair (u* , x* ) for which the conditional probability P (x*|u*) is bounded away from 1 for all no-signaling strategies that optimally violate the Bell inequality] can be used for amplification. We introduce the methodology of a partial tomographic procedure on the empirical statistics obtained in the Bell test that ensures that the outputs constitute a linear min-entropy source of randomness. As a technical novelty that may be of independent interest, we prove that the Santha-Vazirani source satisfies an exponential concentration property given by a recently discovered generalized Chernoff bound.

Generalized Pauli constraints in reduced density matrix functional theory.

PubMed

Theophilou, Iris; Lathiotakis, Nektarios N; Marques, Miguel A L; Helbig, Nicole

2015-04-21

Functionals of the one-body reduced density matrix (1-RDM) are routinely minimized under Coleman's ensemble N-representability conditions. Recently, the topic of pure-state N-representability conditions, also known as generalized Pauli constraints, received increased attention following the discovery of a systematic way to derive them for any number of electrons and any finite dimensionality of the Hilbert space. The target of this work is to assess the potential impact of the enforcement of the pure-state conditions on the results of reduced density-matrix functional theory calculations. In particular, we examine whether the standard minimization of typical 1-RDM functionals under the ensemble N-representability conditions violates the pure-state conditions for prototype 3-electron systems. We also enforce the pure-state conditions, in addition to the ensemble ones, for the same systems and functionals and compare the correlation energies and optimal occupation numbers with those obtained by the enforcement of the ensemble conditions alone.

Minimizing conflicts: A heuristic repair method for constraint-satisfaction and scheduling problems

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Minton, Steve; Johnston, Mark; Philips, Andrew; Laird, Phil

1992-01-01

This paper describes a simple heuristic approach to solving large-scale constraint satisfaction and scheduling problems. In this approach one starts with an inconsistent assignment for a set of variables and searches through the space of possible repairs. The search can be guided by a value-ordering heuristic, the min-conflicts heuristic, that attempts to minimize the number of constraint violations after each step. The heuristic can be used with a variety of different search strategies. We demonstrate empirically that on the n-queens problem, a technique based on this approach performs orders of magnitude better than traditional backtracking techniques. We also describe a scheduling application where the approach has been used successfully. A theoretical analysis is presented both to explain why this method works well on certain types of problems and to predict when it is likely to be most effective.

Similarity of wh-Phrases and Acceptability Variation in wh-Islands

PubMed Central

Atkinson, Emily; Apple, Aaron; Rawlins, Kyle; Omaki, Akira

2016-01-01

In wh-questions that form a syntactic dependency between the fronted wh-phrase and its thematic position, acceptability is severely degraded when the dependency crosses another wh-phrase. It is well known that the acceptability degradation in wh-island violation ameliorates in certain contexts, but the source of this variation remains poorly understood. In the syntax literature, an influential theory – Featural Relativized Minimality – has argued that the wh-island effect is modulated exclusively by the distinctness of morpho-syntactic features in the two wh-phrases, but psycholinguistic theories of memory encoding and retrieval mechanisms predict that semantic properties of wh-phrases should also contribute to wh-island amelioration. We report four acceptability judgment experiments that systematically investigate the role of morpho-syntactic and semantic features in wh-island violations. The results indicate that the distribution of wh-island amelioration is best explained by an account that incorporates the distinctness of morpho-syntactic features as well as the semantic denotation of the wh-phrases. We argue that an integration of syntactic theories and perspectives from psycholinguistics can enrich our understanding of acceptability variation in wh-dependencies. PMID:26793156

The CKM Matrix and The Unitarity Triangle: Another Look

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Buras, Andrzej J.; Parodi, Fabrizio; Stocchi, Achille

2003-01-01

The unitarity triangle can be determined by means of two measurements of its sides or angles. Assuming the same relative errors on the angles (alpha,beta,gamma) and the sides (Rb,Rt), we find that the pairs (gamma,beta) and (gamma,Rb) are most efficient in determining (bar varrho,bar eta) that describe the apex of the unitarity triangle. They are followed by (alpha,beta), (alpha,Rb), (Rt,beta), (Rt,Rb) and (Rb,beta). As the set |Vus|, |Vcb|, Rt and beta appears to be the best candidate for the fundamental set of flavour violating parameters in the coming years, we show various constraints on the CKM matrix in the (Rt,beta) plane. Using the best available input we determine the universal unitarity triangle for models with minimal flavour violation (MFV) and compare it with the one in the Standard Model. We present allowed ranges for sin 2beta, sin 2alpha, gamma, Rb, Rt and DeltaMs within the Standard Model and MFV models. We also update the allowed range for the function Ftt that parametrizes various MFV-models.

Toward interactive scheduling systems for managing medical resources.

PubMed

Oddi, A; Cesta, A

2000-10-01

Managers of medico-hospital facilities are facing two general problems when allocating resources to activities: (1) to find an agreement between several and contrasting requirements; (2) to manage dynamic and uncertain situations when constraints suddenly change over time due to medical needs. This paper describes the results of a research aimed at applying constraint-based scheduling techniques to the management of medical resources. A mixed-initiative problem solving approach is adopted in which a user and a decision support system interact to incrementally achieve a satisfactory solution to the problem. A running prototype is described called Interactive Scheduler which offers a set of functionalities for a mixed-initiative interaction to cope with the medical resource management. Interactive Scheduler is endowed with a representation schema used for describing the medical environment, a set of algorithms that address the specific problems of the domain, and an innovative interaction module that offers functionalities for the dialogue between the support system and its user. A particular contribution of this work is the explicit representation of constraint violations, and the definition of scheduling algorithms that aim at minimizing the amount of constraint violations in a solution.

Sphaleron rate in the minimal standard model.

PubMed

D'Onofrio, Michela; Rummukainen, Kari; Tranberg, Anders

2014-10-03

We use large-scale lattice simulations to compute the rate of baryon number violating processes (the sphaleron rate), the Higgs field expectation value, and the critical temperature in the standard model across the electroweak phase transition temperature. While there is no true phase transition between the high-temperature symmetric phase and the low-temperature broken phase, the crossover is sharp and located at temperature T(c) = (159.5 ± 1.5)  GeV. The sphaleron rate in the symmetric phase (T>T(c)) is Γ/T(4) = (18 ± 3)α(W)(5), and in the broken phase in the physically interesting temperature range 130 GeV < T < T(c) it can be parametrized as log(Γ/T(4)) = (0.83 ± 0.01)T/GeV-(147.7 ± 1.9). The freeze-out temperature in the early Universe, where the Hubble rate wins over the baryon number violation rate, is T* = (131.7 ± 2.3) GeV. These values, beyond being intrinsic properties of the standard model, are relevant for, e.g., low-scale leptogenesis scenarios.

Lepton flavor violating Z' explanation of the muon anomalous magnetic moment

DOE PAGES

Altmannshofer, Wolfgang; Chen, Chien-Yi; Dev, P. S. Bhupal; ...

2016-09-28

Here, we discuss a minimal solution to the long-standing (g-2) μ anomaly in a simple extension of the Standard Model with an extra Z' vector boson that has only flavor off-diagonal couplings to the second and third generation of leptons, i.e. μ, τ, ν μ, ν τ, and their antiparticles. A simplified model realization, as well as various collider and low-energy constraints on this model, are discussed. We find that the (g-2) μ -favored region for a Z' lighter than the tau lepton is totally excluded, while a heavier Z' solution is still allowed. Some testable implications of this scenariomore » in future experiments, such as lepton-flavor universality-violating tau decays at Belle 2, and a new four-lepton signature involving same-sign di-muons and di-taus at HL-LHC and FCC-ee, are pointed out. A characteristic resonant absorption feature in the high-energy neutrino spectrum might also be observed by neutrino telescopes like IceCube and KM3NeT.« less

Lepton flavor violating Z' explanation of the muon anomalous magnetic moment

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Altmannshofer, Wolfgang; Chen, Chien-Yi; Dev, P. S. Bhupal

Here, we discuss a minimal solution to the long-standing (g-2) μ anomaly in a simple extension of the Standard Model with an extra Z' vector boson that has only flavor off-diagonal couplings to the second and third generation of leptons, i.e. μ, τ, ν μ, ν τ, and their antiparticles. A simplified model realization, as well as various collider and low-energy constraints on this model, are discussed. We find that the (g-2) μ -favored region for a Z' lighter than the tau lepton is totally excluded, while a heavier Z' solution is still allowed. Some testable implications of this scenariomore » in future experiments, such as lepton-flavor universality-violating tau decays at Belle 2, and a new four-lepton signature involving same-sign di-muons and di-taus at HL-LHC and FCC-ee, are pointed out. A characteristic resonant absorption feature in the high-energy neutrino spectrum might also be observed by neutrino telescopes like IceCube and KM3NeT.« less

Social media guidelines and best practices: recommendations from the Council of Residency Directors Social Media Task Force.

PubMed

Pillow, Malford T; Hopson, Laura; Bond, Michael; Cabrera, Daniel; Patterson, Leigh; Pearson, David; Sule, Harsh; Ankel, Felix; Fernández-Frackelton, Madonna; Hall, Ronald V; Kegg, Jason A; Norris, Donald; Takenaka, Katrin

2014-02-01

Social media has become a staple of everyday life among over one billion people worldwide. A social networking presence has become a hallmark of vibrant and transparent communications. It has quickly become the preferred method of communication and information sharing. It offers the ability for various entities, especially residency programs, to create an attractive internet presence and "brand" the program. Social media, while having significant potential for communication and knowledge transfer, carries with it legal, ethical, personal, and professional risks. Implementation of a social networking presence must be deliberate, transparent, and optimize potential benefits while minimizing risks. This is especially true with residency programs. The power of social media as a communication, education, and recruiting tool is undeniable. Yet the pitfalls of misuse can be disastrous, including violations in patient confidentiality, violations of privacy, and recruiting misconduct. These guidelines were developed to provide emergency medicine residency programs leadership with guidance and best practices in the appropriate use and regulation of social media, but are applicable to all residency programs that wish to establish a social media presence.

Social Media Guidelines and Best Practices: Recommendations from the Council of Residency Directors Social Media Task Force

PubMed Central

Pillow, Malford T.; Hopson, Laura; Bond, Michael; Cabrera, Daniel; Patterson, Leigh; Pearson, David; Sule, Harsh; Ankel, Felix; Fernández-Frackelton, Madonna; Hall, Ronald V.; Kegg, Jason A.; Norris, Donald; Takenaka, Katrin

2014-01-01

Social media has become a staple of everyday life among over one billion people worldwide. A social networking presence has become a hallmark of vibrant and transparent communications. It has quickly become the preferred method of communication and information sharing. It offers the ability for various entities, especially residency programs, to create an attractive internet presence and “brand” the program. Social media, while having significant potential for communication and knowledge transfer, carries with it legal, ethical, personal, and professional risks. Implementation of a social networking presence must be deliberate, transparent, and optimize potential benefits while minimizing risks. This is especially true with residency programs. The power of social media as a communication, education, and recruiting tool is undeniable. Yet the pitfalls of misuse can be disastrous, including violations in patient confidentiality, violations of privacy, and recruiting misconduct. These guidelines were developed to provide emergency medicine residency programs leadership with guidance and best practices in the appropriate use and regulation of social media, but are applicable to all residency programs that wish to establish a social media presence. PMID:24578765

Multilepton collider signatures of heavy Dirac and Majorana neutrinos

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chen, Chien-Yi; Dev, P. S. Bhupal

2012-05-01

We discuss the possibility of observing multi-lepton signals at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) from the production and decay of heavy standard model (SM) singlet neutrinos added in extensions of SM to explain the observed light neutrino masses by seesaw mechanism. In particular, we analyze two “smoking gun” signals depending on the Dirac or Majorana nature of the heavy neutrino: (i) for Majorana case, the same-sign di-lepton signal which can be used as a probe of lepton-number violation, and (ii) for Dirac case, the tri-lepton signal which conserves lepton number but may violate lepton flavor. Within a minimal Left-Right symmetric framework in which these additional neutrino states arise naturally, we find that in both cases, the signals can be identified with virtually no background beyond a TeV, and the heavy gauge boson WR can be discovered in this process. This analysis also provides a direct way to probe the nature of seesaw physics involving the SM singlets at TeV-scale, and in particular, to distinguish type-I seesaw with purely Majorana heavy neutrinos from inverse seesaw with pseudo-Dirac counterparts.

Space Operations Center orbit altitude selection strategy

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Indrikis, J.; Myers, H. L.

1982-01-01

The strategy for the operational altitude selection has to respond to the Space Operation Center's (SOC) maintenance requirements and the logistics demands of the missions to be supported by the SOC. Three orbit strategies are developed: two are constant altitude, and one variable altitude. In order to minimize the effect of atmospheric uncertainty the dynamic altitude method is recommended. In this approach the SOC will operate at the optimum altitude for the prevailing atmospheric conditions and logistics model, provided that mission safety constraints are not violated. Over a typical solar activity cycle this method produces significant savings in the overall logistics cost.

Beyond minimal lepton-flavored Dark Matter

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Chen, Mu-Chun; Huang, Jinrui; Takhistov, Volodymyr

In this paper ,we consider a class of flavored dark matter (DM) theories where dark matter interacts with the Standard Model lepton fields at the renormalizable level. We allow for a general coupling matrix between the dark matter and leptons whose structure is beyond the one permitted by the minimal flavor violation (MFV) assumption. It is assumed that this is the only new source of flavor violation in addition to the Standard Model (SM) Yukawa interactions. The setup can be described by augmenting the SM flavor symmetry by an additional SU(3) χ, under which the dark matter χ transforms. Thismore » framework is especially phenomenologically rich, due to possible novel flavor-changing interactions which are not present within the more restrictive MFV framework. As a representative case study of this setting, which we call “beyond MFV” (BMFV), we consider Dirac fermion dark matter which transforms as a singlet under the SM gauge group and a triplet under SU(3) χ. The DM fermion couples to the SM lepton sector through a scalar mediator Φ. Unlike the case of quark-flavored DM, we show that there is no Z 3 symmetry within either the MFV or BMFV settings which automatically stabilizes the lepton-flavored DM. We discuss constraints on this setup from flavor-changing processes, DM relic abundance as well as direct and indirect detections. We find that relatively large flavor-changing couplings are possible, while the dark matter mass is still within the phenomenologically interesting region below the TeV scale. Collider signatures which can be potentially searched for at the lepton and hadron colliders are discussed. Finally, we discuss the implications for decaying dark matter, which can appear if an additional stabilizing symmetry is not imposed.« less

Beyond minimal lepton-flavored Dark Matter

DOE PAGES

Chen, Mu-Chun; Huang, Jinrui; Takhistov, Volodymyr

2016-02-09

In this paper ,we consider a class of flavored dark matter (DM) theories where dark matter interacts with the Standard Model lepton fields at the renormalizable level. We allow for a general coupling matrix between the dark matter and leptons whose structure is beyond the one permitted by the minimal flavor violation (MFV) assumption. It is assumed that this is the only new source of flavor violation in addition to the Standard Model (SM) Yukawa interactions. The setup can be described by augmenting the SM flavor symmetry by an additional SU(3) χ, under which the dark matter χ transforms. Thismore » framework is especially phenomenologically rich, due to possible novel flavor-changing interactions which are not present within the more restrictive MFV framework. As a representative case study of this setting, which we call “beyond MFV” (BMFV), we consider Dirac fermion dark matter which transforms as a singlet under the SM gauge group and a triplet under SU(3) χ. The DM fermion couples to the SM lepton sector through a scalar mediator Φ. Unlike the case of quark-flavored DM, we show that there is no Z 3 symmetry within either the MFV or BMFV settings which automatically stabilizes the lepton-flavored DM. We discuss constraints on this setup from flavor-changing processes, DM relic abundance as well as direct and indirect detections. We find that relatively large flavor-changing couplings are possible, while the dark matter mass is still within the phenomenologically interesting region below the TeV scale. Collider signatures which can be potentially searched for at the lepton and hadron colliders are discussed. Finally, we discuss the implications for decaying dark matter, which can appear if an additional stabilizing symmetry is not imposed.« less

Summary of the searches for squarks and gluinos using √s = 8 TeV pp collisions with the ATLAS experiment at the LHC

DOE PAGES

Aad, G.; Abbott, B.; Abdallah, J.; ...

2015-10-08

A summary is presented of ATLAS searches for gluinos and first- and second-generation squarks in final states containing jets and missing transverse momentum, with or without leptons or b-jets, in the √s = 8 TeV data set collected at the Large Hadron Collider in 2012. This paper reports the results of new interpretations and statistical combinations of previously published analyses, as well as a new analysis. Since no significant excess of events over the Standard Model expectation is observed, the data are used to set limits in a variety of models. In all the considered simplified models that assume R-paritymore » conservation, the limit on the gluino mass exceeds 1150 GeV at 95% confidence level, for an LSP mass smaller than 100 GeV. Moreover, exclusion limits are set for left-handed squarks in a phenomenological MSSM model, a minimal Supergravity/Constrained MSSM model, R-parity-violation scenarios, a minimal gauge-mediated supersymmetry breaking model, a natural gauge mediation model, a non-universal Higgs mass model with gaugino mediation and a minimal model of universal extra dimensions.« less

Violations identified from routine swimming pool inspections--selected states and counties, United States, 2008.

PubMed

2010-05-21

Swimming is the third most popular U.S. sport or exercise activity, with approximately 314 million visits to recreational water venues, including treated venues (e.g., pools), each year. The most frequently reported type of recreational water illness (RWI) outbreak is gastroenteritis, the incidence of which is increasing. During 1997--2006, chlorine- and bromine-susceptible pathogens (e.g., Shigella and norovirus) caused 24 (23%) of 104 treated venue--associated RWI outbreaks of gastroenteritis, indicating lapses in proper operation of pools. Pool inspectors help minimize the risk for RWIs and injuries by enforcing regulations that govern public treated recreational water venues. To assess pool code compliance, CDC analyzed 2008 data from 121,020 routine pool inspections conducted by a convenience sample of 15 state and local agencies. Because pool codes and, therefore, inspection items differed across jurisdictions, reported denominators varied. Of 111,487 inspections, 13,532 (12.1%) resulted in immediate closure because of serious violations (e.g., lack of disinfectant in the water). Of 120,975 inspections, 12,917 (10.7%) identified disinfectant level violations. Although these results likely are not representative of all pools in the United States, they suggest the need for increased public health scrutiny and improved pool operation. The results also demonstrate that pool inspection data can be used as a potential source for surveillance to guide resource allocation and regulatory decision-making. Collecting pool inspection data in a standardized, electronic format can facilitate routine analysis to support efforts to reduce health and safety risks for swimmers.

Threshold and flavor effects in the renormalization group equations of the MSSM. II. Dimensionful couplings

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Box, Andrew D.; Tata, Xerxes

2009-02-01

We reexamine the one-loop renormalization group equations (RGEs) for the dimensionful parameters of the minimal supersymmetric standard model (MSSM) with broken supersymmetry, allowing for arbitrary flavor structure of the soft SUSY-breaking parameters. We include threshold effects by evaluating the β-functions in a sequence of (nonsupersymmetric) effective theories with heavy particles decoupled at the scale of their mass. We present the most general form for high-scale, soft SUSY-breaking parameters that obtains if we assume that the supersymmetry-breaking mechanism does not introduce new intergenerational couplings. This form, possibly amended to allow additional sources of flavor-violation, serves as a boundary condition for solving the RGEs for the dimensionful MSSM parameters. We then present illustrative examples of numerical solutions to the RGEs. We find that in a SUSY grand unified theory with the scale of SUSY scalars split from that of gauginos and higgsinos, the gaugino mass unification condition may be violated by O(10%). As another illustration, we show that in mSUGRA, the rate for the flavor-violating ttilde 1→c Ztilde 1 decay obtained using the complete RGE solution is smaller than that obtained using the commonly used “single-step” integration of the RGEs by a factor 10-25, and so may qualitatively change expectations for topologies from top-squark pair production at colliders. Together with the RGEs for dimensionless couplings presented in a companion paper, the RGEs in Appendix 2 of this paper form a complete set of one-loop MSSM RGEs that include threshold and flavor-effects necessary for two-loop accuracy.

Comparison of thermal and microwave paleointensity estimates in specimens that violate Thellier's laws

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Grappone, J. M., Jr.; Biggin, A. J.; Barrett, T. J.; Hill, M. J.

2017-12-01

Deep in the Earth, thermodynamic behavior drives the geodynamo and creates the Earth's magnetic field. Determining how the strength of the field, its paleointensity (PI), varies with time, is vital to our understanding of Earth's evolution. Thellier-style paleointensity experiments assume the presence of non-interacting, single domain (SD) magnetic particles, which follow Thellier's laws. Most natural rocks however, contain larger, multi-domain (MD) or interacting single domain (ISD) particles that often violate these laws and cause experiments to fail. Even for samples that pass reliability criteria designed to minimize the impact of MD or ISD grains, different PI techniques can give systematically different estimates, implying violation of Thellier's laws. Our goal is to identify any disparities in PI results that may be explainable by protocol-specific MD and ISD behavior and determine optimum methods to maximize accuracy. Volcanic samples from the Hawai'ian SOH1 borehole previously produced method-dependent PI estimates. Previous studies showed consistently lower PI values when using a microwave (MW) system and the perpendicular method than using the original thermal Thellier-Thellier (OT) technique. However, the data were ambiguous regarding the cause of the discrepancy. The diverging estimates appeared to be either the result of using OT instead of the perpendicular method or the result of using MW protocols instead of thermal protocols. Comparison experiments were conducted using the thermal perpendicular method and microwave OT technique to bridge the gap. Preliminary data generally show that the perpendicular method gives lower estimates than OT for comparable Hlab values. MW estimates are also generally lower than thermal estimates using the same protocol.

A model for filtered backprojection reconstruction artifacts due to time-varying attenuation values in perfusion C-arm CT.

PubMed

Fieselmann, Andreas; Dennerlein, Frank; Deuerling-Zheng, Yu; Boese, Jan; Fahrig, Rebecca; Hornegger, Joachim

2011-06-21

Filtered backprojection is the basis for many CT reconstruction tasks. It assumes constant attenuation values of the object during the acquisition of the projection data. Reconstruction artifacts can arise if this assumption is violated. For example, contrast flow in perfusion imaging with C-arm CT systems, which have acquisition times of several seconds per C-arm rotation, can cause this violation. In this paper, we derived and validated a novel spatio-temporal model to describe these kinds of artifacts. The model separates the temporal dynamics due to contrast flow from the scan and reconstruction parameters. We introduced derivative-weighted point spread functions to describe the spatial spread of the artifacts. The model allows prediction of reconstruction artifacts for given temporal dynamics of the attenuation values. Furthermore, it can be used to systematically investigate the influence of different reconstruction parameters on the artifacts. We have shown that with optimized redundancy weighting function parameters the spatial spread of the artifacts around a typical arterial vessel can be reduced by about 70%. Finally, an inversion of our model could be used as the basis for novel dynamic reconstruction algorithms that further minimize these artifacts.

Two-body decays of gluino at full one-loop level in the quark-flavour violating MSSM.

PubMed

Eberl, Helmut; Ginina, Elena; Hidaka, Keisho

2017-01-01

We study the two-body decays of the gluino at full one-loop level in the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model with quark-flavour violation (QFV) in the squark sector. The renormalisation is done in the [Formula: see text] scheme. The gluon and photon radiations are included by adding the corresponding three-body decay widths. We discuss the dependence of the gluino decay widths on the QFV parameters. The main dependence stems from the [Formula: see text]-[Formula: see text] mixing in the decays to up-type squarks, and from the [Formula: see text]-[Formula: see text] mixing in the decays to down-type squarks due to the strong constraints from B-physics on the other quark-flavour-mixing parameters. The full one-loop corrections to the gluino decay widths are mostly negative and of the order of about -10%. The QFV part stays small in the total width but can vary up to -8% for the decay width into the lightest [Formula: see text] squark. For the corresponding branching ratio the effect is somehow washed out by at least a factor of two. The electroweak corrections can be as large as 35% of the SUSY QCD corrections.

Coordinated Control Method of Voltage and Reactive Power for Active Distribution Networks Based on Soft Open Point

DOE PAGES

Li, Peng; Ji, Haoran; Wang, Chengshan; ...

2017-03-22

The increasing penetration of distributed generators (DGs) exacerbates the risk of voltage violations in active distribution networks (ADNs). The conventional voltage regulation devices limited by the physical constraints are difficult to meet the requirement of real-time voltage and VAR control (VVC) with high precision when DGs fluctuate frequently. But, soft open point (SOP), a flexible power electronic device, can be used as the continuous reactive power source to realize the fast voltage regulation. Considering the cooperation of SOP and multiple regulation devices, this paper proposes a coordinated VVC method based on SOP for ADNs. Firstly, a time-series model of coordi-natedmore » VVC is developed to minimize operation costs and eliminate voltage violations of ADNs. Then, by applying the linearization and conic relaxation, the original nonconvex mixed-integer non-linear optimization model is converted into a mixed-integer second-order cone programming (MISOCP) model which can be efficiently solved to meet the requirement of voltage regulation rapidity. Here, we carried out some case studies on the IEEE 33-node system and IEEE 123-node system to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.« less

Coordinated Control Method of Voltage and Reactive Power for Active Distribution Networks Based on Soft Open Point

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Li, Peng; Ji, Haoran; Wang, Chengshan

The increasing penetration of distributed generators (DGs) exacerbates the risk of voltage violations in active distribution networks (ADNs). The conventional voltage regulation devices limited by the physical constraints are difficult to meet the requirement of real-time voltage and VAR control (VVC) with high precision when DGs fluctuate frequently. But, soft open point (SOP), a flexible power electronic device, can be used as the continuous reactive power source to realize the fast voltage regulation. Considering the cooperation of SOP and multiple regulation devices, this paper proposes a coordinated VVC method based on SOP for ADNs. Firstly, a time-series model of coordi-natedmore » VVC is developed to minimize operation costs and eliminate voltage violations of ADNs. Then, by applying the linearization and conic relaxation, the original nonconvex mixed-integer non-linear optimization model is converted into a mixed-integer second-order cone programming (MISOCP) model which can be efficiently solved to meet the requirement of voltage regulation rapidity. Here, we carried out some case studies on the IEEE 33-node system and IEEE 123-node system to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.« less

Safeguarding our energy future

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

1993-02-01

Throughout the past several years, states have been receiving settlement monies distributed from escrow accounts maintained by the Department of Energy and various courts. These monies are paid by oil companies for alleged violations of the petroleum pricing regulations of the 1970's. These funds, commonly referred to as Petroleum Violation Escrow (PVE) or Oil Overcharge funds, have been an important tool in supporting energy efficiency programs and technologies at the state level. The aim of this publication is to highlight some of the many interesting, replicable projects funded with PVE monies and to serve as a resource for successful, energy efficiency programs in planning, technology application, and education. By capturing a number of these innovative state-level programs, this document will expand the information network on renewable energy and energy efficiency and serve as a point of departure for others pursuing similar goals. Projects referenced throughout this publication reflect some of the program areas in which the Department of Energy takes an active interest and fall into the following categories: (1) alternative fuels; (2) industrial efficiency and waste minimization; (3) electric power production from renewable resources; (4) building efficiency; (5) integrated resource planning; and (6) energy education.

The Tip of the Iceberg of Misleading Online Advertising

PubMed Central

Mintzes, Barbara

2016-01-01

Kim’s overview of Food and Drug Administration (FDA) regulatory actions from 2005 to 2014 is a comprehensive analysis of the US regulatory experience with online direct-to-consumer advertising (DTCA) of prescription medicines. This experience is of relevance internationally as online DTCA reaches the English-speaking public globally, despite the illegality of DTCA in most countries. The most common violations were omissions or minimizations of risk information, overstatements of efficacy, unsubstantiated claims, and promotion of unapproved ("off-label") use. Nearly one fourth of violations involved cancer drugs, raising additional concerns about patient vulnerability, limited treatment advance, and high costs. Based on content analyses of online DTCA, these cases likely reflect a small proportion of unbalanced and misleading promotional information available on the web. The FDA is only able to review a small proportion of promotional materials submitted to them, due to limited staffing, and the delay between first posting and regulatory action means that many people may be exposed to messages that are found to be inaccurate and misleading. The sheer volume of online DTCA, combined with the ability for content to shift continually, poses unique regulatory challenges. PMID:27239883

Assessment of the usability of a digital learning technology prototype for monitoring intracranial pressure 1

PubMed Central

de Carvalho, Lilian Regina; Évora, Yolanda Dora Martinez; Zem-Mascarenhas, Silvia Helena

2016-01-01

ABSTRACT Objective: to assess the usability of a digital learning technology prototype as a new method for minimally invasive monitoring of intracranial pressure. Method: descriptive study using a quantitative approach on assessing the usability of a prototype based on Nielsen's ten heuristics. Four experts in the area of Human-Computer interaction participated in the study. Results: the evaluation delivered eight violated heuristics and 31 usability problems in the 32 screens of the prototype. Conclusion: the suggestions of the evaluators were critical for developing an intuitive, user-friendly interface and will be included in the final version of the digital learning technology. PMID:27579932

Old and new physics interpretations of the NuTeV anomaly

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Davidson, Sacha; Forte, Stefano; Gambino, Paolo; Rius, Nuria; Strumia, Alessandro

2002-02-01

We discuss whether the NuTeV anomaly can be explained, compatibly with all other data, by QCD effects (maybe, if the strange sea is asymmetric, or there is a tiny violation of isospin), new physics in propagators or couplings of the vector bosons (not really), loops of supersymmetric particles (no), dimension six operators (yes, for one specific SU(2)L-invariant operator), leptoquarks (not in a minimal way), extra U(1) gauge bosons (maybe: an unmixed Z' coupled to B-3Lμ also increases the muon g-2 by about 10-9 and gives a `burst' to cosmic rays above the GZK cutoff).

A continuous family of realistic SUSY SU(5) GUTs

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Bajc, Borut, E-mail: borut.bajc@ijs.si

2016-06-21

It is shown that the minimal renormalizable supersymmetric SU(5) is still realistic providing the supersymmetric scale is at least few tens of TeV or large R-parity violating terms are considered. In the first case the vacuum is metastable, and different consistency constraints can give a bounded allowed region in the tan β − m{sub susy} plane. In the second case the mass eigenstate electron (down quark) is a linear combination of the original electron (down quark) and Higgsino (heavy colour triplet), and the mass ratio of bino and wino is determined. Both limits lead to light gravitino dark matter.

Casimir effect in presence of spontaneous Lorentz symmetry breaking

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Escobar, C. A.

2018-01-01

The Casimir effect is one of the most remarkable consequences of the nonzero vacuum energy predicted by quantum field theory. In this contribution we study the Lorentz-violation effects of the minimal standard-model extension on the Casimir force between two parallel conducting plates in the vacuum. Using a perturbative method, we compute the relevant Green’s function which satisfies given boundary conditions. The standard point-splitting technique allow us to express the vacuum expectation value of the stress-energy tensor in terms of this Green’s function. Finally, we study the Casimir energy and the Casimir force paying particular attention to the quantum effects as approaching the plates.

Reliability-Based Control Design for Uncertain Systems

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Crespo, Luis G.; Kenny, Sean P.

2005-01-01

This paper presents a robust control design methodology for systems with probabilistic parametric uncertainty. Control design is carried out by solving a reliability-based multi-objective optimization problem where the probability of violating design requirements is minimized. Simultaneously, failure domains are optimally enlarged to enable global improvements in the closed-loop performance. To enable an efficient numerical implementation, a hybrid approach for estimating reliability metrics is developed. This approach, which integrates deterministic sampling and asymptotic approximations, greatly reduces the numerical burden associated with complex probabilistic computations without compromising the accuracy of the results. Examples using output-feedback and full-state feedback with state estimation are used to demonstrate the ideas proposed.

Construction and performance of MEGAs low-mass, high-rate cylindrical MWPCs

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Cooper, M. D.; Armijo, V.; Black, J. K.; Bolton, R. D.; Carius, S.; Espinoza, C.; Hart, G.; Hogan, G. E.; Gonzales, A.; Kroupa, M. A.; Mischke, R. E.; Sandoval, J.; Schilling, S.; Sena, J.; Suazo, G.; Whitehouse, D. A.; Wilkinson, C. A.; Stantz, K.; Szymanski, J. J.; Jui, C. C.; Gagliardi, C. A.; Tribble, R. E.; Tu, X.-L.; Fisk, R. J.; Koetke, D. D.; Manweiler, R. W.; Nord, P. M.; Stanislaus, S.; Piilonen, L. E.; Zhang, Y. D.

A design for extremely low mass, high-resolution multiwire proportional chambers (MWPC) was achieved by the MEGA collaboration in its experiment to search for the lepton family number violating decay μ→eγ. To extend the present branching ratio limit by over an order of magnitude, these MWPCs were operated in high particle fluxes. They showed minimal effects of aging, and evidenced spatial and energy resolutions for the orbiting positrons from muon decay which were consistent with our design parameters. The unique features of these chambers, their assembly into the MEGA positron spectrometer, and their performance during the experiment are described in this paper.

Simple Tools to Facilitate Project Management of a Nursing Research Project.

PubMed

Aycock, Dawn M; Clark, Patricia C; Thomas-Seaton, LaTeshia; Lee, Shih-Yu; Moloney, Margaret

2016-07-01

Highly organized project management facilitates rigorous study implementation. Research involves gathering large amounts of information that can be overwhelming when organizational strategies are not used. We describe a variety of project management and organizational tools used in different studies that may be particularly useful for novice researchers. The studies were a multisite study of caregivers of stroke survivors, an Internet-based diary study of women with migraines, and a pilot study testing a sleep intervention in mothers of low-birth-weight infants. Project management tools were used to facilitate enrollment, data collection, and access to results. The tools included protocol and eligibility checklists, event calendars, screening and enrollment logs, instrument scoring tables, and data summary sheets. These tools created efficiency, promoted a positive image, minimized errors, and provided researchers with a sense of control. For the studies described, there were no protocol violations, there were minimal missing data, and the integrity of data collection was maintained. © The Author(s) 2016.

Multi-disciplinary optimization of aeroservoelastic systems

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Karpel, Mordechay

1990-01-01

Efficient analytical and computational tools for simultaneous optimal design of the structural and control components of aeroservoelastic systems are presented. The optimization objective is to achieve aircraft performance requirements and sufficient flutter and control stability margins with a minimal weight penalty and without violating the design constraints. Analytical sensitivity derivatives facilitate an efficient optimization process which allows a relatively large number of design variables. Standard finite element and unsteady aerodynamic routines are used to construct a modal data base. Minimum State aerodynamic approximations and dynamic residualization methods are used to construct a high accuracy, low order aeroservoelastic model. Sensitivity derivatives of flutter dynamic pressure, control stability margins and control effectiveness with respect to structural and control design variables are presented. The performance requirements are utilized by equality constraints which affect the sensitivity derivatives. A gradient-based optimization algorithm is used to minimize an overall cost function. A realistic numerical example of a composite wing with four controls is used to demonstrate the modeling technique, the optimization process, and their accuracy and efficiency.

Multidisciplinary optimization of aeroservoelastic systems using reduced-size models

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Karpel, Mordechay

1992-01-01

Efficient analytical and computational tools for simultaneous optimal design of the structural and control components of aeroservoelastic systems are presented. The optimization objective is to achieve aircraft performance requirements and sufficient flutter and control stability margins with a minimal weight penalty and without violating the design constraints. Analytical sensitivity derivatives facilitate an efficient optimization process which allows a relatively large number of design variables. Standard finite element and unsteady aerodynamic routines are used to construct a modal data base. Minimum State aerodynamic approximations and dynamic residualization methods are used to construct a high accuracy, low order aeroservoelastic model. Sensitivity derivatives of flutter dynamic pressure, control stability margins and control effectiveness with respect to structural and control design variables are presented. The performance requirements are utilized by equality constraints which affect the sensitivity derivatives. A gradient-based optimization algorithm is used to minimize an overall cost function. A realistic numerical example of a composite wing with four controls is used to demonstrate the modeling technique, the optimization process, and their accuracy and efficiency.

Robust Control Design for Systems With Probabilistic Uncertainty

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Crespo, Luis G.; Kenny, Sean P.

2005-01-01

This paper presents a reliability- and robustness-based formulation for robust control synthesis for systems with probabilistic uncertainty. In a reliability-based formulation, the probability of violating design requirements prescribed by inequality constraints is minimized. In a robustness-based formulation, a metric which measures the tendency of a random variable/process to cluster close to a target scalar/function is minimized. A multi-objective optimization procedure, which combines stability and performance requirements in time and frequency domains, is used to search for robustly optimal compensators. Some of the fundamental differences between the proposed strategy and conventional robust control methods are: (i) unnecessary conservatism is eliminated since there is not need for convex supports, (ii) the most likely plants are favored during synthesis allowing for probabilistic robust optimality, (iii) the tradeoff between robust stability and robust performance can be explored numerically, (iv) the uncertainty set is closely related to parameters with clear physical meaning, and (v) compensators with improved robust characteristics for a given control structure can be synthesized.

Controlling bridging and pinching with pixel-based mask for inverse lithography

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kobelkov, Sergey; Tritchkov, Alexander; Han, JiWan

2016-03-01

Inverse Lithography Technology (ILT) has become a viable computational lithography candidate in recent years as it can produce mask output that results in process latitude and CD control in the fab that is hard to match with conventional OPC/SRAF insertion approaches. An approach to solving the inverse lithography problem as a nonlinear, constrained minimization problem over a domain mask pixels was suggested in the paper by Y. Granik "Fast pixel-based mask optimization for inverse lithography" in 2006. The present paper extends this method to satisfy bridging and pinching constraints imposed on print contours. Namely, there are suggested objective functions expressing penalty for constraints violations, and their minimization with gradient descent methods is considered. This approach has been tested with an ILT-based Local Printability Enhancement (LPTM) tool in an automated flow to eliminate hotspots that can be present on the full chip after conventional SRAF placement/OPC and has been applied in 14nm, 10nm node production, single and multiple-patterning flows.

Optimization of entanglement witnesses

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lewenstein, M.; Kraus, B.; Cirac, J. I.; Horodecki, P.

2000-11-01

An entanglement witness (EW) is an operator that allows the detection of entangled states. We give necessary and sufficient conditions for such operators to be optimal, i.e., to detect entangled states in an optimal way. We show how to optimize general EW, and then we particularize our results to the nondecomposable ones; the latter are those that can detect positive partial transpose entangled states (PPTES's). We also present a method to systematically construct and optimize this last class of operators based on the existence of ``edge'' PPTES's, i.e., states that violate the range separability criterion [Phys. Lett. A 232, 333 (1997)] in an extreme manner. This method also permits a systematic construction of nondecomposable positive maps (PM's). Our results lead to a sufficient condition for entanglement in terms of nondecomposable EW's and PM's. Finally, we illustrate our results by constructing optimal EW acting on H=C2⊗C4. The corresponding PM's constitute examples of PM's with minimal ``qubit'' domains, or-equivalently-minimal Hermitian conjugate codomains.

Migrant Farmworker Housing Regulation Violations in North Carolina

PubMed Central

Arcury, Thomas A.; Weir, Maria; Chen, Haiying; Summers, Phillip; Pelletier, Lori E.; Galván, Leonardo; Bischoff, Werner E.; Mirabelli, Maria C.; Quandt, Sara A.

2013-01-01

Background The quality of housing provided to migrant farmworkers is often criticized, but few studies have investigated these housing conditions. This analysis examines housing regulation violations experienced by migrant farmworkers in North Carolina, and the associations of camp characteristics with the presence of housing violations. Methods Data were collected in183 eastern North Carolina migrant farmworker camps in 2010. Housing regulation violations for the domains of camp, sleeping room, bathroom, kitchen, laundry room, and general housing, as well as total violations were assessed using North Carolina Department of Labor standards. Results Violations of housing regulations were common, ranging from 4 to 22 per camp. Housing regulation violations were common in all domains; the mean number of camp violations was 1.6, of sleeping room violations was 3.8, of bathroom violations was 4.5, of kitchen violations was 2.3, of laundry room violations was 1.2, and of general housing violations was 3.1. The mean number of total housing violations was 11.4. Several camp characteristics were consistently associated with the number of violations; camps with workers having H-2A visas, with North Carolina Department of Labor Certificates of Inspection posted, and assessed early in the season had fewer violations. Conclusions These results argue for regulatory changes to improve the quality of housing provided to migrant farmworkers, including stronger regulations and the more vigorous enforcement of existing regulations. PMID:22237961

Wages, wage violations, and pesticide safety experienced by migrant farmworkers in North Carolina.

PubMed

Robinson, Erin; Nguyen, Ha T; Isom, Scott; Quandt, Sara A; Grzywacz, Joseph G; Chen, Haiying; Arcury, Thomas A

2011-01-01

Farmworkers have the potential to receive wages that fail to meet minimum wage standards. This analysis describes wages and minimum wage violations among farmworkers, and it determines associations of wage violations with personal characteristics and pesticide safety regulation violations. Data are from a cross-sectional survey of 300 eastern North Carolina farmworkers conducted in June through August, 2009. Most farmworkers (90.0%) were paid by the hour, but 11.7 percent received piece-rate pay. Wage violations were prevalent among farmworkers: 18.3 percent of all farmworkers, 45.3 percent of farmworkers without H-2A visas, and 3.6 percent of farmworkers with H-2A visas experienced wage violations. Most farmworkers experienced numerous pesticide safety violations. Personal characteristics were not associated with wage violations among farmworkers without H-2A visas, but some pesticide safety violations were associated with wage violations. The association of violations indicates that some growers generally violate regulations. Greater enforcement of all regulations is needed.

WAGES, WAGE VIOLATIONS, AND PESTICIDE SAFETY EXPERIENCED BY MIGRANT FARMWORKERS IN NORTH CAROLINA*

PubMed Central

ROBINSON, ERIN; NGUYEN, HA T.; ISOM, SCOTT; QUANDT, SARA A.; GRZYWACZ, JOSEPH G.; CHEN, HAIYING; ARCURY, THOMAS A.

2012-01-01

Farmworkers have the potential to receive wages that fail to meet minimum wage standards. This analysis describes wages and minimum wage violations among farmworkers, and it determines associations of wage violations with personal characteristics and pesticide safety regulation violations. Data are from a cross-sectional survey of 300 eastern North Carolina farmworkers conducted in June through August, 2009. Most farmworkers (90.0%) were paid by the hour, but 11.7 percent received piece-rate pay. Wage violations were prevalent among farmworkers: 18.3 percent of all farmworkers, 45.3 percent of farmworkers without H-2A visas, and 3.6 percent of farmworkers with H-2A visas experienced wage violations. Most farmworkers experienced numerous pesticide safety violations. Personal characteristics were not associated with wage violations among farmworkers without H-2A visas, but some pesticide safety violations were associated with wage violations. The association of violations indicates that some growers generally violate regulations. Greater enforcement of all regulations is needed. PMID:21733804

12 CFR 21.11 - Suspicious Activity Report.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... an actual or potential victim of a criminal violation, or series of criminal violations, or that the... it was either an actual or potential victim of a criminal violation, or series of criminal violations... of a criminal violation, or series of criminal violations, or that the bank was used to facilitate a...

12 CFR 21.11 - Suspicious Activity Report.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... either an actual or potential victim of a criminal violation, or series of criminal violations, or that... it was either an actual or potential victim of a criminal violation, or series of criminal violations... of a criminal violation, or series of criminal violations, or that the bank was used to facilitate a...

Violations of Temporary Flight Restrictions and Air Defense Identification Zones: An Analysis of Airspace Violations and Pilot Report Data

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Zuschlag, Michael

2005-01-01

This document provides the results from a study into the apparent factors and causes of violations of restricted airspace, particularly temporary flight restrictions (TFRs) and air defense identification zones (ADIZs). By illuminating the reasons for these violations, this study aims to take the first step towards reducing them. The study assesses the basic characteristics of restricted airspace violations as well as the probable causes and factors contributing to violations. Results from the study imply most violations occur where the restriction has been in place for a significant amount of time prior to the violation. Additionally, the study results imply most violations are not due to the pilot simply being unaware of the airspace at the time of violation. In most violations, pilots are aware of the presence of the restricted airspace but have incorrect information about it, namely, its exact boundaries or procedures for authorized penetration. These results imply that the best means to reduce violations of restricted airspace is to improve the effectiveness of providing pilots the details required to avoid the airspace.

Constaints on Lorentz symmetry violations using lunar laser ranging observations

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bourgoin, Adrien

2016-12-01

General Relativity (GR) and the standard model of particle physics provide a comprehensive description of the four interactions of nature. A quantum gravity theory is expected to merge these two pillars of modern physics. From unification theories, such a combination would lead to a breaking of fundamental symmetry appearing in both GR and the standard model of particle physics as the Lorentz symmetry. Lorentz symmetry violations in all fields of physics can be parametrized by an effective field theory framework called the standard-model extension (SME). Local Lorentz Invariance violations in the gravitational sector should impact the orbital motion of bodies inside the solar system, such as the Moon. Thus, the accurate lunar laser ranging (LLR) data can be analyzed in order to study precisely the lunar motion to look for irregularities. For this purpose, ELPN (Ephéméride Lunaire Parisienne Numérique), a new lunar ephemeris has been integrated in the SME framework. This new numerical solution of the lunar motion provides time series dated in temps dynamique barycentrique (TDB). Among that series, we mention the barycentric position and velocity of the Earth-Moon vector, the lunar libration angles, the time scale difference between the terrestrial time and TDB and partial derivatives integrated from variational equations. ELPN predictions have been used to analyzed LLR observations. In the GR framework, the residuals standard deviations has turned out to be the same order of magnitude compare to those of INPOP13b and DE430 ephemerides. In the framework of the minimal SME, LLR data analysis provided constraints on local Lorentz invariance violations. Spetial attention was paid to analyze uncertainties to provide the most realistic constraints. Therefore, in a first place, linear combinations of SME coefficients have been derived and fitted to LLR observations. In a second time, realistic uncertainties have been determined with a resampling method. LLR data analysis did not reveal local Lorentz invariance vio lations arising on the lunar orbit. Therefore, GR predictions are recovered with absolute precisions of the order of 10-9 to 10-12.

Beyond the Standard Model IV

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gunion, John F.; Han, Tao; Ohnemus, James

1995-08-01

The Table of Contents for the book is as follows: * Preface * Organizing and Advisory Committees * PLENARY SESSIONS * Looking Beyond the Standard Model from LEP1 and LEP2 * Virtual Effects of Physics Beyond the Standard Model * Extended Gauge Sectors * CLEO's Views Beyond the Standard Model * On Estimating Perturbative Coefficients in Quantum Field Theory and Statistical Physics * Perturbative Corrections to Inclusive Heavy Hadron Decay * Some Recent Developments in Sphalerons * Searching for New Matter Particles at Future Colliders * Issues in Dynamical Supersymmetry Breaking * Present Status of Fermilab Collider Accelerator Upgrades * The Extraordinary Scientific Opportunities from Upgrading Fermilab's Luminosity ≥ 1033 cm-2 sec-1 * Applications of Effective Lagrangians * Collider Phenomenology for Strongly Interacting Electroweak Sector * Physics of Self-Interacting Electroweak Bosons * Particle Physics at a TeV-Scale e+e- Linear Collider * Physics at γγ and eγ Colliders * Challenges for Non-Minimal Higgs Searchers at Future Colliders * Physics Potential and Development of μ+μ- Colliders * Beyond Standard Quantum Chromodynamics * Extracting Predictions from Supergravity/Superstrings for the Effective Theory Below the Planck Scale * Non-Universal SUSY Breaking, Hierarchy and Squark Degeneracy * Supersymmetric Phenomenology in the Light of Grand Unification * A Survey of Phenomenological Constraints on Supergravity Models * Precision Tests of the MSSM * The Search for Supersymmetry * Neutrino Physics * Neutrino Mass: Oscillations and Hot Dark Matter * Dark Matter and Large-Scale Structure * Electroweak Baryogenesis * Progress in Searches for Non-Baryonic Dark Matter * Big Bang Nucleosynthesis * Flavor Tests of Quark-Lepton * Where are We Coming from? What are We? Where are We Going? * Summary, Perspectives * PARALLEL SESSIONS * SUSY Phenomenology I * Is Rb Telling us that Superpartners will soon be Discovered? * Dark Matter in Constrained Minimal Supersymmetry * A Fourth Family in the MSSM? * Multi-channel Search for Supergravity at the Large Hadron Collider * Precise Predictions for Masses and Couplings in the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model * Radiative b Decays and the Detection of Supersymmetric Dark Matter * Bounds on ΔB = 1 Couplings in the Supersymmetric Standard Model * Testing Supersymmetry at the Next Linear Collider * SUSY Phenomenology II * Is There a Light Gluino Window? * Soft Supersymmetry Breaking and Finiteness * Consequences of Low Energy Dynamical Supersymmetry Breaking * String Model Theory and Phenomenology * Z2 × Z2 Orbifold Compactification - the Origin of Realistic Free Fermionic Models * Effective Supergravity from 4-D Fermionic Strings * String Models Featuring Direct Product Unification * Hadronic and Non-Perturbative Physics * Salient Features of High-Energy Multiparticle Distributions: 1-d Ising Model Captures Them All * Pion Fusion in the Equivalent Pion Approximation * Deterministic Theory of Atomic Structure * Disoriented Chiral Condensate * Higgs Physics * The LHC Phenomenology of the CP-Odd Scalar in Two-Doublet Models * Detection of Minimal Supersymmetric Model Higgs Bosons in γγ Collisions: Influence of SUSY Decay Modes * Electroweak Corrections to the Charged Higgs Production Cross-Section * A Comparison of Higgs Mass Bounds in the SM and the MSSM * Searching for Higgs Bosons on LHC Using b-Tagging * Top Quark and Flavor Physics * Flavor Mixing, CP Violation and a Heavy Top * New Fermion Families and Precision Electroweak Data * Dipole Operator Phenomenology and Quark Mass Generation: An Update * Possible Higgs Boson Effects on the Running of Third and Fourth Generation Quark Masses and Mixings * How the Top Family Differs * Fermion Masses in Extended Technicolour * New Developments in Perturbative QCD * Efficient Analytic Computation of Higher-Order QCD Amplitudes * Use of Recursion Relations to Compute One-Loop Helicity Amplitudes * Gluon Radiation Patterns in Hard Scattering Events * B Physics * Inclusive Hadronic Production of the Bc Meson via Heavy Quark Fragmentation * Helicity Probabilities for Heavy Quark Fragmentation into Heavy-Light Excited Mesons * Hadronic Penguins in B Decays and Extraction of α, β and γ * CP Violation Physics * Maximum Likelihood Method for New Physics Mixing Angles, and Projections to Using B Factory Results * CP Violation in Fermionic Decays of Higgs Bosons * Test of CP Violation in Non-Leptonic Hyperon Decays * CP Violation in the Weinberg Multi-Higgs Model * Triple-Product Spin-Momentum Correlations in Polarized Z Decays to Three Jets * Radiative CP Violation * HERA Results * A Search for Leptoquarks and Squarks in H1 at HERA * Search for Leptoquarks in ep Collisions at √ {s}=296; {GeV} * Search for Excited Fermions in ep Collisions at √ {s}=296; {GeV} * Tevatron Results * Measurement of Diboson Production at the Tevatron Collider with D0 * Search for SUSY in D0 * Search for SUSY at CDF * Search for First and Second Generation Leptoquarks with the D0 Detector * Search for Exotic Particles at CDF * e+e- and μ+μ- Physics * Aspects of Higgs Boson Searches * Measurements of the Forward-Backward Asymmetry of Quarks in the DELPHI Experiment at LEP * Astrophysics, Dark Matter, Cosmology and Neutrino Physics * A Model Independent Approach to Future Solar Neutrino Experiments * Neutrino Oscillations with Beams from AGN's and GRB's * Implication of Macho Detections for Dark Matter Searches * Chiral Restoration in the Early Universe: Pion Halo in the Sky * SEWS, Anomalous Couplings, and Precision EW * Do WL and H form a P-Wave Bound State? * An Update on Strong WLWL Scattering at the LHC * The Difficulties Involved in Calculating δρ * What Can We Learn from the Measurement R_{b}≡Γ(Z → bbar{b}/Γ(Z → Hadrons)? * Gauge Invariance and Anomalous Gauge Boson Couplings * Probing the Standard Model with Hadronic WZ Production * Consequences of Recent Electroweak Data and W-Mass for the Top Quark and Higgs Masses * Equivalence Theorem as a Criterion for Probing the Electroweak Symmetry Breaking Mechanism * Conference Schedule * Schedule of the Parallel Sessions * List of Participants

The Impact of Coworkers’ Safety Violations on an Individual Worker: A Social Contagion Effect within the Construction Crew

PubMed Central

Zhang, Shoujian; Su, Yikun

2018-01-01

This research developed and tested a model of the social contagion effect of coworkers’ safety violations on individual workers within construction crews. Both situational and routine safety violations were considered in this model. Empirical data were collected from 345 construction workers in China using a detailed questionnaire. The results showed that both types of safety violations made by coworkers were significantly related to individuals’ perceived social support and production pressure. Individuals’ attitudinal ambivalence toward safety compliance mediated the relationships between perceived social support and production pressure and both types of individuals’ safety violations. However, safety motivation only mediated the effects of perceived social support and production pressure on individuals’ situational safety violations. Further, this research supported the differences between situational and routine safety violations. Specifically, we found that individuals were more likely to imitate coworkers’ routine safety violations than their situational safety violations. Coworkers’ situational safety violations had an indirect effect on individuals’ situational safety violations mainly through perceived social support and safety motivation. By contrast, coworkers’ routine safety violations had an indirect effect on individuals’ routine safety violations mainly through perceived production pressure and attitudinal ambivalence. Finally, the theoretical and practical implications, research limitations, and future directions were discussed. PMID:29673149

The Impact of Coworkers' Safety Violations on an Individual Worker: A Social Contagion Effect within the Construction Crew.

PubMed

Liang, Huakang; Lin, Ken-Yu; Zhang, Shoujian; Su, Yikun

2018-04-17

This research developed and tested a model of the social contagion effect of coworkers’ safety violations on individual workers within construction crews. Both situational and routine safety violations were considered in this model. Empirical data were collected from 345 construction workers in China using a detailed questionnaire. The results showed that both types of safety violations made by coworkers were significantly related to individuals’ perceived social support and production pressure. Individuals’ attitudinal ambivalence toward safety compliance mediated the relationships between perceived social support and production pressure and both types of individuals’ safety violations. However, safety motivation only mediated the effects of perceived social support and production pressure on individuals’ situational safety violations. Further, this research supported the differences between situational and routine safety violations. Specifically, we found that individuals were more likely to imitate coworkers’ routine safety violations than their situational safety violations. Coworkers’ situational safety violations had an indirect effect on individuals’ situational safety violations mainly through perceived social support and safety motivation. By contrast, coworkers’ routine safety violations had an indirect effect on individuals’ routine safety violations mainly through perceived production pressure and attitudinal ambivalence. Finally, the theoretical and practical implications, research limitations, and future directions were discussed.

Professionalism in court

PubMed Central

Hutchins, John C.

2014-01-01

Summary Serving as an expert witness can be a rewarding experience. It affords the neurologist the opportunity to contribute expertise to the legal system's pursuit of justice and benefits the public interest. However, serving as an expert witness without understanding and incorporating relevant professional and specialty guidelines concerning expert witness testimony can place the neurologist at risk. The American Academy of Neurology has established standards governing expert witness testimony and a disciplinary process to respond to complaints of violation of its standards. Increased understanding of and adherence to these qualifications and guidelines, coupled with an awareness of how the legal system differs from clinical practice, will better equip neurologists serving as expert witnesses and minimize their professional risk when doing so. PMID:25279255

Sterile neutrinos and RK

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Vicente, A.

2013-07-01

We consider an enhancement in the violation of lepton flavour universality in light meson decays arising from modified Wlν couplings in the standard model minimally extended by sterile neutrinos. Due to the presence of additional mixings between the active neutrinos and the new sterile states, the deviation from unitarity of the leptonic mixing matrix intervening in charged currents might lead to a tree-level enhancement of RP = Γ(P → ev)/Γ(P → μν), with P = K, π. These enhancements are illustrated in the case of the inverse seesaw, showing that one can saturate the current experimental bounds on ΔrK (and Δrπ), while in agreement with the different experimental and observational constraints.

Inspection Frequency, Sociodemographic Factors, and Food Safety Violations in Chain and Nonchain Restaurants, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 2013-2014

PubMed Central

Glanz, Karen; Keenan, Brendan T.; Branas, Charles C.

2017-01-01

Objectives: We explored how restaurant inspection frequency and restaurant neighborhood sociodemographic characteristics are related to food safety inspection outcomes in chain and nonchain restaurants to better understand external factors that may influence inspection outcomes. Methods: We categorized the results of restaurant inspections in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, in 2013 and 2014 by restaurant type (chain or nonchain), inspection frequency (1, 2, or ≥3 per 2-year study period), and violation type (total number of violations, foodborne-illness risk factor violation, or good retail practice violation). We collected 2013 US Census block group sociodemographic data for each restaurant neighborhood. We used nested mixed-effects regression analyses to determine the association between restaurant inspection frequency and inspection violations, as well as between inspection violations and restaurant neighborhood sociodemographic variables, stratified by restaurant type. Results: Compared with nonchain restaurants, chain restaurants had significantly fewer total violations per inspection (mean [SD]: 6.5 [4.6] vs 9.6 [6.8] violations, P < .001). For nonchain restaurants, an increase from 1 to 2 inspections resulted in 0.8 (P < .001) fewer mean violations per inspection, and an increase from 1 to ≥3 inspections resulted in 1.6 (P < .001) fewer mean violations; this association was not seen in chain restaurants. For nonchain restaurants, a higher proportion of black residents in a restaurant neighborhood was associated with 0.6 (P < .001) fewer mean foodborne-illness risk factor violations but 1.0 (P < .001) more mean good retail practice violations per inspection. Conclusions: A risk-based stratified approach to restaurant food safety inspection frequency, based on whether or not restaurants are part of chains, could reduce the frequency of violations, particularly in restaurants with the most violations. PMID:28060568

Inspection Frequency, Sociodemographic Factors, and Food Safety Violations in Chain and Nonchain Restaurants, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 2013-2014.

PubMed

Leinwand, Sarah E; Glanz, Karen; Keenan, Brendan T; Branas, Charles C

We explored how restaurant inspection frequency and restaurant neighborhood sociodemographic characteristics are related to food safety inspection outcomes in chain and nonchain restaurants to better understand external factors that may influence inspection outcomes. We categorized the results of restaurant inspections in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, in 2013 and 2014 by restaurant type (chain or nonchain), inspection frequency (1, 2, or ≥3 per 2-year study period), and violation type (total number of violations, foodborne-illness risk factor violation, or good retail practice violation). We collected 2013 US Census block group sociodemographic data for each restaurant neighborhood. We used nested mixed-effects regression analyses to determine the association between restaurant inspection frequency and inspection violations, as well as between inspection violations and restaurant neighborhood sociodemographic variables, stratified by restaurant type. Compared with nonchain restaurants, chain restaurants had significantly fewer total violations per inspection (mean [SD]: 6.5 [4.6] vs 9.6 [6.8] violations, P < .001). For nonchain restaurants, an increase from 1 to 2 inspections resulted in 0.8 ( P < .001) fewer mean violations per inspection, and an increase from 1 to ≥3 inspections resulted in 1.6 ( P < .001) fewer mean violations; this association was not seen in chain restaurants. For nonchain restaurants, a higher proportion of black residents in a restaurant neighborhood was associated with 0.6 ( P < .001) fewer mean foodborne-illness risk factor violations but 1.0 ( P < .001) more mean good retail practice violations per inspection. A risk-based stratified approach to restaurant food safety inspection frequency, based on whether or not restaurants are part of chains, could reduce the frequency of violations, particularly in restaurants with the most violations.

Understanding procedural violations using Safety-I and Safety-II: The case of community pharmacies.

PubMed

Jones, Christian E L; Phipps, Denham L; Ashcroft, Darren M

2018-06-01

Procedural violations are known to occur in a range of work settings, and are an important topic of interest with regard to safety management. A Safety-I perspective sees violations as undesirable digressions from standardised procedures, while a Safety-II perspective sees violations as adaptations to a complex work system. This study aimed to apply both perspectives to the examination of violations in community pharmacies. Twenty-four participants (13 pharmacists and 11 pharmacy support staff) were purposively sampled to participate in semi-structured interviews using the critical incident technique. Participants described violations they made during the course of their work. Interviews were digitally recorded, transcribed verbatim and analysed using template analysis. Community pharmacies located in England and Wales. 31 procedural violations were described during the interviews revealing multiple reasons for violations in this setting. Our findings suggest that from a Safety-II perspective, staff violated to adapt to situations and to manage safety. However, participants also violated procedures in order to maintain productivity which was found to increase risk in some, but not all situations. Procedural violations often relied on the context in which staff were working, resulting in the violation being deemed rational to the individual making the violation, yet the behaviour may be difficult to justify from an outside perspective. Combining Safety-I and Safety-II perspectives provided a detailed understanding of the underlying reasons for procedural violations. Our findings identify aspects of practice that could benefit from targeted interventions to help support staff in providing safe patient care.

48 CFR 403.104-7 - Violations or possible violations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Violations or possible violations. 403.104-7 Section 403.104-7 Federal Acquisition Regulations System DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE GENERAL IMPROPER BUSINESS PRACTICES AND PERSONAL CONFLICTS OF INTEREST Safeguards 403.104-7 Violations or...

10 CFR 33.21 - Violations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 10 Energy 1 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Violations. 33.21 Section 33.21 Energy NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION SPECIFIC DOMESTIC LICENSES OF BROAD SCOPE FOR BYPRODUCT MATERIAL Violations § 33.21 Violations. (a) The Commission may obtain an injunction or other court order to prevent a violation of the provisions...

10 CFR 33.21 - Violations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 10 Energy 1 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Violations. 33.21 Section 33.21 Energy NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION SPECIFIC DOMESTIC LICENSES OF BROAD SCOPE FOR BYPRODUCT MATERIAL Violations § 33.21 Violations. (a) The Commission may obtain an injunction or other court order to prevent a violation of the provisions...

10 CFR 33.21 - Violations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 10 Energy 1 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Violations. 33.21 Section 33.21 Energy NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION SPECIFIC DOMESTIC LICENSES OF BROAD SCOPE FOR BYPRODUCT MATERIAL Violations § 33.21 Violations. (a) The Commission may obtain an injunction or other court order to prevent a violation of the provisions...

10 CFR 33.21 - Violations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 10 Energy 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Violations. 33.21 Section 33.21 Energy NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION SPECIFIC DOMESTIC LICENSES OF BROAD SCOPE FOR BYPRODUCT MATERIAL Violations § 33.21 Violations. (a) The Commission may obtain an injunction or other court order to prevent a violation of the provisions...

10 CFR 33.21 - Violations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 10 Energy 1 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Violations. 33.21 Section 33.21 Energy NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION SPECIFIC DOMESTIC LICENSES OF BROAD SCOPE FOR BYPRODUCT MATERIAL Violations § 33.21 Violations. (a) The Commission may obtain an injunction or other court order to prevent a violation of the provisions...

Speeded Recognition of Ungrammaticality: Double Violations.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Moore, Timothy E.; Biederman, Irving

1979-01-01

The speed at which sentences with various kinds of violations could be rejected was studied. Compatible with the sequential model was the finding that noun-verb and adjective-noun double violations did not result in shorter reaction times than noun-verb single violations, although double violations were judged less acceptable. (Author/RD)

Benign violations: making immoral behavior funny.

PubMed

McGraw, A Peter; Warren, Caleb

2010-08-01

Humor is an important, ubiquitous phenomenon; however, seemingly disparate conditions seem to facilitate humor. We integrate these conditions by suggesting that laughter and amusement result from violations that are simultaneously seen as benign. We investigated three conditions that make a violation benign and thus humorous: (a) the presence of an alternative norm suggesting that the situation is acceptable, (b) weak commitment to the violated norm, and (c) psychological distance from the violation. We tested the benign-violation hypothesis in the domain of moral psychology, where there is a strong documented association between moral violations and negative emotions, particularly disgust. Five experimental studies show that benign moral violations tend to elicit laughter and amusement in addition to disgust. Furthermore, seeing a violation as both wrong and not wrong mediates behavioral displays of humor. Our account is consistent with evolutionary accounts of laughter, explains humor across many domains, and suggests that humor can accompany negative emotion.

Rule-violations sensitise towards negative and authority-related stimuli.

PubMed

Wirth, Robert; Foerster, Anna; Rendel, Hannah; Kunde, Wilfried; Pfister, Roland

2018-05-01

Rule violations have usually been studied from a third-person perspective, identifying situational factors that render violations more or less likely. A first-person perspective of the agent that actively violates the rules, on the other hand, is only just beginning to emerge. Here we show that committing a rule violation sensitises towards subsequent negative stimuli as well as subsequent authority-related stimuli. In a Prime-Probe design, we used an instructed rule-violation task as the Prime and a word categorisation task as the Probe. Also, we employed a control condition that used a rule inversion task as the Prime (instead of rule violations). Probe targets were categorised faster after a violation relative to after a rule-based response if they related to either, negative valence or authority. Inversions, however, primed only negative stimuli and did not accelerate the categorisation of authority-related stimuli. A heightened sensitivity towards authority-related targets thus seems to be specific to rule violations. A control experiment showed that these effects cannot be explained in terms of semantic priming. Therefore, we propose that rule violations necessarily activate authority-related representations that make rule violations qualitatively different from simple rule inversions.

Pulling out all the stops: searching for RPV SUSY with stop-jets

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bai, Yang; Katz, Andrey; Tweedie, Brock

2014-01-01

If the lighter stop eigenstate decays directly to two jets via baryonic R-parity violation, it could have escaped existing LHC and Tevatron searches in four-jet events, even for masses as small as 100 GeV. In order to recover sensitivity in the face of increasingly harsh trigger requirements at the LHC, we propose a search for stop pairs in the highly-boosted regime, using the approaches of jet substructure. We demonstrate that the four-jet triggers can be completely bypassed by using inclusive jet- H T triggers, and that the resulting QCD continuum background can be processed by substructure methods into a featureless spectrum suitable for a data-driven bump-hunt down to 100 GeV. We estimate that the LHC 8 TeV run is sensitive to 100 GeV stops with decays of any flavor at better than 5σ-level, and could place exclusions up to 300 GeV or higher. Assuming Minimal Flavor Violation and running a b-tagged analysis, exclusion reach may extend up to nearly 400 GeV. Longer-term, the 14 TeV LHC at 300 fb-1 could extend these mass limits by a factor of two, while continuing to improve sensitivity in the 100 GeV region.

The Embedding Problem for Markov Models of Nucleotide Substitution

PubMed Central

Verbyla, Klara L.; Yap, Von Bing; Pahwa, Anuj; Shao, Yunli; Huttley, Gavin A.

2013-01-01

Continuous-time Markov processes are often used to model the complex natural phenomenon of sequence evolution. To make the process of sequence evolution tractable, simplifying assumptions are often made about the sequence properties and the underlying process. The validity of one such assumption, time-homogeneity, has never been explored. Violations of this assumption can be found by identifying non-embeddability. A process is non-embeddable if it can not be embedded in a continuous time-homogeneous Markov process. In this study, non-embeddability was demonstrated to exist when modelling sequence evolution with Markov models. Evidence of non-embeddability was found primarily at the third codon position, possibly resulting from changes in mutation rate over time. Outgroup edges and those with a deeper time depth were found to have an increased probability of the underlying process being non-embeddable. Overall, low levels of non-embeddability were detected when examining individual edges of triads across a diverse set of alignments. Subsequent phylogenetic reconstruction analyses demonstrated that non-embeddability could impact on the correct prediction of phylogenies, but at extremely low levels. Despite the existence of non-embeddability, there is minimal evidence of violations of the local time homogeneity assumption and consequently the impact is likely to be minor. PMID:23935949

The Tip of the Iceberg of Misleading Online Advertising Comment on "Trouble Spots in Online Direct-to-Consumer Prescription Drug Promotion: A Content Analysis of FDA Warning Letters".

PubMed

Mintzes, Barbara

2016-02-18

Kim's overview of Food and Drug Administration (FDA) regulatory actions from 2005 to 2014 is a comprehensive analysis of the US regulatory experience with online direct-to-consumer advertising (DTCA) of prescription medicines. This experience is of relevance internationally as online DTCA reaches the English-speaking public globally, despite the illegality of DTCA in most countries. The most common violations were omissions or minimizations of risk information, overstatements of efficacy, unsubstantiated claims, and promotion of unapproved ("off-label") use. Nearly one fourth of violations involved cancer drugs, raising additional concerns about patient vulnerability, limited treatment advance, and high costs. Based on content analyses of online DTCA, these cases likely reflect a small proportion of unbalanced and misleading promotional information available on the web. The FDA is only able to review a small proportion of promotional materials submitted to them, due to limited staffing, and the delay between first posting and regulatory action means that many people may be exposed to messages that are found to be inaccurate and misleading. The sheer volume of online DTCA, combined with the ability for content to shift continually, poses unique regulatory challenges. © 2016 by Kerman University of Medical Sciences.

An Efficient Virtual Machine Consolidation Scheme for Multimedia Cloud Computing.

PubMed

Han, Guangjie; Que, Wenhui; Jia, Gangyong; Shu, Lei

2016-02-18

Cloud computing has innovated the IT industry in recent years, as it can delivery subscription-based services to users in the pay-as-you-go model. Meanwhile, multimedia cloud computing is emerging based on cloud computing to provide a variety of media services on the Internet. However, with the growing popularity of multimedia cloud computing, its large energy consumption cannot only contribute to greenhouse gas emissions, but also result in the rising of cloud users' costs. Therefore, the multimedia cloud providers should try to minimize its energy consumption as much as possible while satisfying the consumers' resource requirements and guaranteeing quality of service (QoS). In this paper, we have proposed a remaining utilization-aware (RUA) algorithm for virtual machine (VM) placement, and a power-aware algorithm (PA) is proposed to find proper hosts to shut down for energy saving. These two algorithms have been combined and applied to cloud data centers for completing the process of VM consolidation. Simulation results have shown that there exists a trade-off between the cloud data center's energy consumption and service-level agreement (SLA) violations. Besides, the RUA algorithm is able to deal with variable workload to prevent hosts from overloading after VM placement and to reduce the SLA violations dramatically.

An Efficient Virtual Machine Consolidation Scheme for Multimedia Cloud Computing

PubMed Central

Han, Guangjie; Que, Wenhui; Jia, Gangyong; Shu, Lei

2016-01-01

Cloud computing has innovated the IT industry in recent years, as it can delivery subscription-based services to users in the pay-as-you-go model. Meanwhile, multimedia cloud computing is emerging based on cloud computing to provide a variety of media services on the Internet. However, with the growing popularity of multimedia cloud computing, its large energy consumption cannot only contribute to greenhouse gas emissions, but also result in the rising of cloud users’ costs. Therefore, the multimedia cloud providers should try to minimize its energy consumption as much as possible while satisfying the consumers’ resource requirements and guaranteeing quality of service (QoS). In this paper, we have proposed a remaining utilization-aware (RUA) algorithm for virtual machine (VM) placement, and a power-aware algorithm (PA) is proposed to find proper hosts to shut down for energy saving. These two algorithms have been combined and applied to cloud data centers for completing the process of VM consolidation. Simulation results have shown that there exists a trade-off between the cloud data center’s energy consumption and service-level agreement (SLA) violations. Besides, the RUA algorithm is able to deal with variable workload to prevent hosts from overloading after VM placement and to reduce the SLA violations dramatically. PMID:26901201

Advancing the sexual and reproductive health and human rights of women living with HIV.

PubMed

Loutfy, Mona; Khosla, Rajat; Narasimhan, Manjulaa

2015-01-01

Many women living with HIV can have safe, healthy and satisfying sexual and reproductive health, but there is still a long way to go for this to be a reality, especially for the most vulnerable amongst them who face repeated violations of their rights. The contributions in this Supplement from researchers, clinicians, programme managers, policy makers, and women living with HIV demands an important appreciation that the field of sexual and reproductive health and human rights for women living with HIV is complex on many levels, and women living with HIV form a very diverse community. The manuscripts emphasize that attention must be paid to the following critical dimensions: 1) Placing human rights and gender equality at the centre of a comprehensive approach to health programming, in particular in relation to sexuality and sexual health; 2) Ensuring health systems responsiveness to minimizing inequalities in access to health care and quality of care that often do not meet the needs of women living with HIV; 3) Engaging and empowering women living with HIV in the development of policies and programmes that affect them; and 4) Strengthening monitoring, evaluation and accountability procedures to provide good quality data and ensuring remedies for violations of health and human rights of women living with HIV.

The sacred and the absurd--an electrophysiological study of counterintuitive ideas (at sentence level).

PubMed

Fondevila, Sabela; Martín-Loeches, Manuel; Jiménez-Ortega, Laura; Casado, Pilar; Sel, Alejandra; Fernández-Hernández, Anabel; Sommer, Werner

2012-01-01

Religious beliefs are both catchy and durable: they exhibit a high degree of adherence to our cognitive system, given their success of transmission and spreading throughout history. A prominent explanation for religion's cultural success comes from the "MCI hypothesis," according to which religious beliefs are both easy to recall and desirable to transmit because they are minimally counterintuitive (MCI). This hypothesis has been empirically tested at concept and narrative levels by recall measures. However, the neural correlates of MCI concepts remain poorly understood. We used the N400 component of the event-related brain potential as a measure of counterintuitiveness of violations comparing religious and non-religious sentences, both counterintuitive, when presented in isolation. Around 80% in either condition were core-knowledge violations. We found smaller N400 amplitudes for religious as compared to non-religious counterintuitive ideas, suggesting that religious ideas are less semantically anomalous. Moreover, behavioral measures revealed that religious ideas are not readily detected as unacceptable. Finally, systematic analyses of our materials, according to conceptual features proposed in cognitive models of religion, did not reveal any outstanding variable significantly contributing to these differences. Refinements of cognitive models of religion should elucidate which combination of factors renders an anomaly less counterintuitive and thus more suitable for recall and transmission.

Electroweak baryogenesis in two Higgs doublet models and B meson anomalies

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Cline, James M.; Kainulainen, Kimmo; Trott, Michael

2011-11-01

Motivated by 3.9 σ evidence of a CP-violating phase beyond the standard model in the like-sign dimuon asymmetry reported by D∅, we examine the potential for two Higgs doublet models (2HDMs) to achieve successful electroweak baryogenesis (EWBG) while explaining the dimuon anomaly. Our emphasis is on the minimal flavour violating 2HDM, but our numerical scans of model parameter space include type I and type II models as special cases. We incorporate relevant particle physics constraints, including electroweak precision data, b → sγ, the neutron electric dipole moment, R b , and perturbative coupling bounds to constrain the model. Surprisingly, we find that a large enough baryon asymmetry is only consistently achieved in a small subset of parameter space in 2HDMs, regardless of trying to simultaneously account for any B physics anomaly. There is some tension between simultaneous explanation of the dimuon anomaly and baryogenesis, but using a Markov chain Monte Carlo we find several models within 1 σ of the central values. We point out shortcomings with previous studies that reached different conclusions. The restricted parameter space that allows for EWBG makes this scenario highly predictive for collider searches. We discuss the most promising signatures to pursue at the LHC for EWBG-compatible models.

Fermionic dark matter with pseudo-scalar Yukawa interaction

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Ghorbani, Karim, E-mail: k-ghorbani@araku.ac.ir

2015-01-01

We consider a renormalizable extension of the standard model whose fermionic dark matter (DM) candidate interacts with a real singlet pseudo-scalar via a pseudo-scalar Yukawa term while we assume that the full Lagrangian is CP-conserved in the classical level. When the pseudo-scalar boson develops a non-zero vacuum expectation value, spontaneous CP-violation occurs and this provides a CP-violated interaction of the dark sector with the SM particles through mixing between the Higgs-like boson and the SM-like Higgs boson. This scenario suggests a minimal number of free parameters. Focusing mainly on the indirect detection observables, we calculate the dark matter annihilation crossmore » section and then compute the DM relic density in the range up to m{sub DM} = 300 GeV.We then find viable regions in the parameter space constrained by the observed DM relic abundance as well as invisible Higgs decay width in the light of 125 GeV Higgs discovery at the LHC. We find that within the constrained region of the parameter space, there exists a model with dark matter mass m{sub DM} ∼ 38 GeV annihilating predominantly into b quarks, which can explain the Fermi-LAT galactic gamma-ray excess.« less

Neutrino in standard model and beyond

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bilenky, S. M.

2015-07-01

After discovery of the Higgs boson at CERN the Standard Model acquired a status of the theory of the elementary particles in the electroweak range (up to about 300 GeV). What general conclusions can be inferred from the Standard Model? It looks that the Standard Model teaches us that in the framework of such general principles as local gauge symmetry, unification of weak and electromagnetic interactions and Brout-Englert-Higgs spontaneous breaking of the electroweak symmetry nature chooses the simplest possibilities. Two-component left-handed massless neutrino fields play crucial role in the determination of the charged current structure of the Standard Model. The absence of the right-handed neutrino fields in the Standard Model is the simplest, most economical possibility. In such a scenario Majorana mass term is the only possibility for neutrinos to be massive and mixed. Such mass term is generated by the lepton-number violating Weinberg effective Lagrangian. In this approach three Majorana neutrino masses are suppressed with respect to the masses of other fundamental fermions by the ratio of the electroweak scale and a scale of a lepton-number violating physics. The discovery of the neutrinoless double β-decay and absence of transitions of flavor neutrinos into sterile states would be evidence in favor of the minimal scenario we advocate here.

Validity of suspected alcohol and drug violations in aviation employees.

PubMed

Li, Guohua; Brady, Joanne E; DiMaggio, Charles; Baker, Susan P; Rebok, George W

2010-10-01

In the United States, transportation employees who are suspected of using alcohol and drugs are subject to reasonable-cause testing. This study aims to assess the validity of suspected alcohol and drug violations in aviation employees. Using reasonable-cause testing and random testing data from the Federal Aviation Administration for the years 1995-2005, we calculated the positive predictive value (PPV) and positive likelihood ratio (LR+) of suspected alcohol and drug violations. The true status of violations was based on testing results, with an alcohol violation being defined as a blood alcohol concentration of ≥0.04 mg/dl and a drug violation as a test positive for marijuana, cocaine, amphetamines, phencyclidine or opiates. During the 11-year study period, a total of 2284 alcohol tests and 2015 drug tests were performed under the reasonable-cause testing program. The PPV was 37.7% [95% confidence interval (CI), 35.7-39.7%] for suspected alcohol violations and 12.6% (95% CI, 11.2-14.1%) for suspected drug violations. Random testing revealed an overall prevalence of 0.09% for alcohol violations and 0.6% for drug violations. The LR+ was 653.6 (95% CI, 581.7-734.3) for suspected alcohol violations and 22.5 (95% CI, 19.6-25.7) for suspected drug violations. The discriminative power of reasonable-cause testing suggests that, despite its limited positive predictive value, physical and behavioral observation represents an efficient screening method for detecting alcohol and drug violations. The limited positive predictive value of reasonable-cause testing in aviation employees is due in part to the very low prevalence of alcohol and drug violations. © 2010 The Authors, Addiction © 2010 Society for the Study of Addiction.

Validity of Suspected Alcohol and Drug Violations in Aviation Employees

PubMed Central

Li, Guohua; Brady, Joanne E.; DiMaggio, Charles; Baker, Susan P.; Rebok, George W.

2012-01-01

Introduction In the United States, transportation employees who are suspected of using alcohol and drugs are subject to reasonable-cause testing. This study aims to assess the validity of suspected alcohol and drug violations in aviation employees. Methods Using reasonable-cause testing and random testing data from the Federal Aviation Administration for the years 1995 through 2005, we calculated the positive predictive value (PPV) and positive likelihood ratio (LR+) of suspected alcohol and drug violations. The true status of violations was based on testing results, with an alcohol violation being defined as a blood alcohol concentration of ≥40 mg/dL and a drug violation as a test positive for marijuana, cocaine, amphetamines, phencyclidine, or opiates. Results During the 11-year study period, a total of 2,284 alcohol tests and 2,015 drug tests were performed under the reasonable-cause testing program. The PPV was 37.7% [95% confidence interval (CI), 35.7–39.7%] for suspected alcohol violations and 12.6% (95% CI, 11.2–14.1%) for suspected drug violations. Random testing revealed an overall prevalence of 0.09% (601/649,796) for alcohol violations and 0.6% (7,211/1,130,922) for drug violations. The LR+ was 653.6 (95% CI, 581.7–734.3) for suspected alcohol violations and 22.5 (95% CI, 19.6–25.7) for suspected drug violations. Discussion The discriminative power of reasonable-cause testing suggests that, despite its limited positive predictive value, physical and behavioral observation represents an efficient screening method for detecting alcohol and drug violations. The limited positive predictive value of reasonable-cause testing in aviation employees is due in part to the very low prevalence of alcohol and drug violations. PMID:20712820

Patterns of chemical residues detected in US beef carcasses between 1991 and 1993.

PubMed

Gibbons, S N; Kaneene, J B; Lloyd, J W

1996-08-01

A study of data from 12 states in the Food Safety Inspection Service's Residue Violation Information System was conducted to describe patterns of violative chemical residues in US beef during 1991, 1992, and 1993. In 1991, 3,249 violative residues were found in 2,734 carcasses in the 12 states included in the study. In 1992, 3,132 violative residues were found in 2,813 carcasses, and in 1993, 2,317 violative residues were found in 2,051 carcasses. During each of the 3 years, the Calf Antibiotic and Sulfonamide Test and Swab Test On Premises projects detected most of the violative residues, and producers/independent growers and dairy farms were recorded as the responsible sources for most of the violations. Also, most of the animals found to have violative residues were bob calves and culled cows. In bob calves, neomycin was the most frequently identified violative chemical, followed by tetracycline, gentamicin, oxytetracycline, and penicillin. In culled cows, penicillin was the most frequently identified violative chemical and was the chemical most frequently found in combination with other chemicals in cows with multiple violative residues. Distribution patterns of violative chemical residues by slaughter class and residue type varied among the 5 Food Safety Inspection Service regions. These specific regional characteristics support the need for customized intervention, education, assessment, and prevention programs.

Testing Mean Differences among Groups: Multivariate and Repeated Measures Analysis with Minimal Assumptions

PubMed Central

Bathke, Arne C.; Friedrich, Sarah; Pauly, Markus; Konietschke, Frank; Staffen, Wolfgang; Strobl, Nicolas; Höller, Yvonne

2018-01-01

ABSTRACT To date, there is a lack of satisfactory inferential techniques for the analysis of multivariate data in factorial designs, when only minimal assumptions on the data can be made. Presently available methods are limited to very particular study designs or assume either multivariate normality or equal covariance matrices across groups, or they do not allow for an assessment of the interaction effects across within-subjects and between-subjects variables. We propose and methodologically validate a parametric bootstrap approach that does not suffer from any of the above limitations, and thus provides a rather general and comprehensive methodological route to inference for multivariate and repeated measures data. As an example application, we consider data from two different Alzheimer’s disease (AD) examination modalities that may be used for precise and early diagnosis, namely, single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and electroencephalogram (EEG). These data violate the assumptions of classical multivariate methods, and indeed classical methods would not have yielded the same conclusions with regards to some of the factors involved. PMID:29565679

Sigma decomposition: the CP-odd Lagrangian

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hierro, I. M.; Merlo, L.; Rigolin, S.

2016-04-01

In Alonso et al., JHEP 12 (2014) 034, the CP-even sector of the effective chiral Lagrangian for a generic composite Higgs model with a symmetric coset has been constructed, up to four momenta. In this paper, the CP-odd couplings are studied within the same context. If only the Standard Model bosonic sources of custodial symmetry breaking are considered, then at most six independent operators form a basis. One of them is the weak- θ term linked to non-perturbative sources of CP violation, while the others describe CP-odd perturbative couplings between the Standard Model gauge bosons and an Higgs-like scalar belonging to the Goldstone boson sector. The procedure is then applied to three distinct exemplifying frameworks: the original SU(5)/SO(5) Georgi-Kaplan model, the minimal custodial-preserving SO(5)/SO(4) model and the minimal SU(3)/(SU(2) × U(1)) model, which intrinsically breaks custodial symmetry. Moreover, the projection of the high-energy electroweak effective theory to the low-energy chiral effective Lagrangian for a dynamical Higgs is performed, uncovering strong relations between the operator coefficients and pinpointing the differences with the elementary Higgs scenario.

40 CFR 80.30 - Liability for violations of diesel fuel control and prohibitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 16 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Liability for violations of diesel... Prohibitions § 80.30 Liability for violations of diesel fuel control and prohibitions. (a) Violations at refiners or importers facilities. Where a violation of a diesel fuel standard set forth in § 80.29 is...

40 CFR 80.30 - Liability for violations of diesel fuel control and prohibitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 16 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Liability for violations of diesel... Prohibitions § 80.30 Liability for violations of diesel fuel control and prohibitions. (a) Violations at refiners or importers facilities. Where a violation of a diesel fuel standard set forth in § 80.29 is...

40 CFR 80.172 - Penalties.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... not more than the sum of $25,000 for every day of such violation and the amount of economic benefit or... constitute a separate day of violation for each and every day the gasoline in violation remains at any place... separate day of violation for each and every day the detergent in violation remains at any place in the...

40 CFR 80.159 - Penalties.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... not more than the sum of $25,000 for every day of such violation and the amount of economic benefit or... constitute a separate day of violation for each and every day the gasoline in violation remains at any place... separate day of violation for each and every day the detergent in violation remains at any place in the...

Gender Role Violations and the Sexual Double Standard.

PubMed

Zaikman, Yuliana; Marks, Michael J; Young, Tara M; Zeiber, Jacqueline A

2016-12-01

The sexual double standard (SDS) suggests that women are evaluated negatively and men positively for engaging in similar sexual behaviors. According to social role theory, the SDS exists due to gender role structures. Consequently, perceived violations of women's sexual behavior are associated with the SDS. In addition to gender role violations of sexual behavior, two additional violations of gender roles exist: heterosexual sexual orientation norms and gender role characteristics. The current study aims to investigate whether the SDS persists for sexual orientation-violating and gender role characteristic-violating targets, and to examine which of the three gender role violations influence evaluations of others' sexual behavior. A U.S. sample of 483 participants evaluated target individuals who were either female or male, heterosexual/gay man or lesbian, feminine or masculine, and had 1 or 12 sexual partners. Results indicate that SDS persists for gender role-violating targets but is exhibited differently for targets violating heterosexual sexual orientation norms and gender role characteristics.

Adolescent occupational fatalities in North Carolina (1990-2008): an investigation of child labor and OSHA violations and enforcement.

PubMed

Rauscher, Kimberly; Runyan, Carol

2012-01-01

This study investigated adolescent worker fatalities involving violations of the child labor laws and/or Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) standards, as well as the enforcement activity involved in each case. Medical examiner records were used to identify work-related deaths among adolescents ages 11-17 between 1990 and 2008 and child labor violations. Investigations from state and federal Departments of Labor (DOL) were used to determine inspection activity, identify OSHA violations, and confirm child labor violations. Fifty-two percent of cases involved one or more child labor violations. Nine cases were investigated by either the U.S. or North Carolina DOL; among them, four had child labor violations. Eleven cases were investigated by the North Carolina DOL and all involved OSHA violations. Significant child labor and OSHA violations exist in adolescent worker fatalities in North Carolina, and gaps exist in enforcement at both the federal and state level, signaling needed improvements in the protection of adolescent workers.

48 CFR 903.303 - Reporting suspected antitrust violations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... Violations 903.303 Reporting suspected antitrust violations. (a) Potential anti-competitive practices, such as described in 48 CFR 3.301, and antitrust law violations as described in 48 CFR 3.303, evidenced in...

48 CFR 903.303 - Reporting suspected antitrust violations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... Violations 903.303 Reporting suspected antitrust violations. (a) Potential anti-competitive practices, such as described in FAR 3.301, and antitrust law violations as described in FAR 3.303, evidenced in bids...

9 CFR 88.6 - Violations and penalties.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... TRANSPORTATION OF EQUINES FOR SLAUGHTER § 88.6 Violations and penalties. (a) The Secretary is authorized to... equine transported in violation of the regulations of this part will be considered a separate violation...

Trends in Nitrate Drinking Water Violations Across the US ...

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

Background/Question/Methods Safe drinking water is essential for the health and well-being of humans and life on Earth. Previous studies have shown that groundwater and other sources of drinking water can be contaminated with nitrate above the 10 mg nitrate-N L-1 maximum contaminant level (MCL), which is known to have adverse health effects, including certain cancers. Public water systems (PWS) across the US have been required since 1979 to report violations of the nitrate MCL to the US Environmental Protection Agency’s Safe Drinking Water Information System (SDWIS). The objective of this research was to use SDWIS data to assess temporal and spatial trends for nitrate violations. We collected data from SDWIS on the number of PWS that violated the nitrate MCL at least once each year. The proportion of systems in violation each year was calculated by diving the number of systems in violation by the total number of active systems that year. The number of people served by systems in violation was calculated by summing the number of people served by each PWS in violation. Results/Conclusions We found that the number and proportion of systems in violation for nitrate significantly increased over time, almost doubling from 280 (0.16%) to 527 (0.33%) systems between 1994 and 2010. The increase in number and proportion of systems in violation is attributed to an increase in violations for groundwater systems, whereas violations for surface water systems have

48 CFR 2803.104-10 - Violations or possible violations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... General IMPROPER BUSINESS PRACTICES AND PERSONAL CONFLICTS OF INTEREST Safeguards 2803.104-10 Violations... action to be taken. The types of actions that would normally be taken when a violation has occurred that...

Committing driving violations: an observational study comparing city, town and village.

PubMed

Rosenbloom, Tova; Ben-Eliyahu, Adar; Nemrodov, Dan; Biegel, Ariela; Perlman, Amotz

2009-01-01

This article compares observed driving behavior in a city, a town, and a village. Unobtrusive observations were made at intersections in each residential type. Five violation types were observed: (a) not wearing a seat belt (seat belt violation); (b) not using a safety seat for a child (safety seat violation for children); (c) not using a speaker while speaking on the phone (on-phone violation); (d) failing to comply with a 'give way' sign ('give way' sign violation); and (e) stopping in an undesignated area (undesignated stop violation). It was expected that in accordance with the anonymity hypothesis that the bigger residential areas' rate of traffic violations would be higher. The effects of the residential type, drivers' gender, and age were assessed using the multiple regression model. The stepwise method of evaluation was employed. The model converged on step 3 (Adjusted R square=0.039). Residential type and gender contributed significantly to the model. Consistent with prior research, male drivers committed more violations than female drivers. Chi-square analyses were used to test the distribution of violations by the settlement types. Overall, more drivers committed violations in the two small residential areas than in the city, with 30% of city drivers, 43% of town drivers, and 51% of village drivers committing at least one violation (chi2 (2)=37.65, p<0.001). Moreover, in the town and the village, a combination of one or more violations was committed more often than in the city(chi2 (1)=34.645, p<0.001). Accordingly, more drivers committed violations in the two small settlements (48.4%) than in the city (30.6%). Possible explanations for the observed results were provided in the Discussion section. The conclusions of this paper are that drivers in small villages tend to disobey traffic laws. Therefore, efforts have to be made in companies to take this issue in consideration while running fleets in companies located in small places far from the center.

Lorentz-violating electrodynamics and the cosmic microwave background.

PubMed

Kostelecký, V Alan; Mewes, Matthew

2007-07-06

Possible Lorentz-violating effects in the cosmic microwave background are studied. We provide a systematic classification of renormalizable and nonrenormalizable operators for Lorentz violation in electrodynamics and use polarimetric observations to search for the associated violations.

Smooth criminal: convicted rule-breakers show reduced cognitive conflict during deliberate rule violations.

PubMed

Jusyte, Aiste; Pfister, Roland; Mayer, Sarah V; Schwarz, Katharina A; Wirth, Robert; Kunde, Wilfried; Schönenberg, Michael

2017-09-01

Classic findings on conformity and obedience document a strong and automatic drive of human agents to follow any type of rule or social norm. At the same time, most individuals tend to violate rules on occasion, and such deliberate rule violations have recently been shown to yield cognitive conflict for the rule-breaker. These findings indicate persistent difficulty to suppress the rule representation, even though rule violations were studied in a controlled experimental setting with neither gains nor possible sanctions for violators. In the current study, we validate these findings by showing that convicted criminals, i.e., individuals with a history of habitual and severe forms of rule violations, can free themselves from such cognitive conflict in a similarly controlled laboratory task. These findings support an emerging view that aims at understanding rule violations from the perspective of the violating agent rather than from the perspective of outside observer.

Moral Violations Reduce Oral Consumption

PubMed Central

Chan, Cindy; Van Boven, Leaf; Andrade, Eduardo B.; Ariely, Dan

2014-01-01

Consumers frequently encounter moral violations in everyday life. They watch movies and television shows about crime and deception, hear news reports of corporate fraud and tax evasion, and hear gossip about cheaters and thieves. How does exposure to moral violations influence consumption? Because moral violations arouse disgust and because disgust is an evolutionarily important signal of contamination that should provoke a multi-modal response, we hypothesize that moral violations affect a key behavioral response to disgust: reduced oral consumption. In three experiments, compared with those in control conditions, people drank less water and chocolate milk while (a) watching a film portraying the moral violations of incest, (b) writing about moral violations of cheating or theft, and (c) listening to a report about fraud and manipulation. These findings imply that “moral disgust” influences consumption in ways similar to core disgust, and thus provide evidence for the associations between moral violations, emotions, and consumer behavior. PMID:25125931

Evaluation of five years of nursing home inspection forms: structural and hygiene-related violation trends.

PubMed

Avery, Chris; Humphrey, Charles; Balany, Jo Anne

2014-11-01

Health inspections are performed at nursing homes to identify and reduce risk and to help maintain a safe environment for nursing home residents. The study described in this article aimed to identify the most frequent violations, types of violations (hygiene or structural), and repeat violations in nursing home facilities during health inspections; and to determine if the age of the facility influenced inspection scores. Nursing home health inspection forms (N = 131) completed between 2005 and 2011 in Pitt County, North Carolina, were analyzed. Results indicated that 60% of all violations were hygiene-related and could possibly be corrected without significant financial investments by management. Significant correlations occurred between the total number of violations and the facility age (p = .003) and between the number of repeat violations and total violations (p < .001). The average inspection score for nursing homes could be increased by more than three points if sanitation practices were improved.

32 CFR 636.19 - Point system application.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... § 636.19 Point system application. Table 636.19 Violation: Parking in a handicap zone Points assessed: 3 Violation: Parking against a yellow curb Points assessed: 3 Violation: Parking within 10 feet of a fire... parking violations Points assessed: 2 ...

32 CFR 636.19 - Point system application.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... § 636.19 Point system application. Table 636.19 Violation: Parking in a handicap zone Points assessed: 3 Violation: Parking against a yellow curb Points assessed: 3 Violation: Parking within 10 feet of a fire... parking violations Points assessed: 2 ...

32 CFR 636.19 - Point system application.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... § 636.19 Point system application. Table 636.19 Violation: Parking in a handicap zone Points assessed: 3 Violation: Parking against a yellow curb Points assessed: 3 Violation: Parking within 10 feet of a fire... parking violations Points assessed: 2 ...

32 CFR 636.19 - Point system application.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... § 636.19 Point system application. Table 636.19 Violation: Parking in a handicap zone Points assessed: 3 Violation: Parking against a yellow curb Points assessed: 3 Violation: Parking within 10 feet of a fire... parking violations Points assessed: 2 ...

32 CFR 636.19 - Point system application.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... § 636.19 Point system application. Table 636.19 Violation: Parking in a handicap zone Points assessed: 3 Violation: Parking against a yellow curb Points assessed: 3 Violation: Parking within 10 feet of a fire... parking violations Points assessed: 2 ...

Actively Coping with Violation: Exploring Upward Dissent Patterns in Functional, Dysfunctional, and Deserted Psychological Contract End States

PubMed Central

Schalk, René; De Ruiter, Melanie; Van Loon, Joost; Kuijpers, Evy; Van Regenmortel, Tine

2018-01-01

Recently, scholars have emphasized the importance of examining how employees cope with psychological contract violation and how the coping process contributes to psychological contract violation resolution and post-violation psychological contracts. Recent work points to the important role of problem-focused coping. Yet, to date, problem-focused coping strategies have not been conceptualized on a continuum from constructive to destructive strategies. Consequently, potential differences in the use of specific types of problem-focused coping strategies and the role these different strategies play in the violation resolution process has not been explored. In this study, we stress the importance of focusing on different types of problem-focused coping strategies. We explore how employee upward dissent strategies, conceptualized as different forms of problem-focused coping, contribute to violation resolution and post-violation psychological contracts. Two sources of data were used. In-depth interviews with supervisors of a Dutch car lease company provided 23 case descriptions of employee-supervisor interactions after a psychological contract violation. Moreover, a database with descriptions of Dutch court sentences provided eight case descriptions of employee-organization interactions following a perceived violation. Based on these data sources, we explored the pattern of upward dissent strategies employees used over time following a perceived violation. We distinguished between functional (thriving and reactivation), dysfunctional (impairment and dissolution) and deserted psychological contract end states and explored whether different dissent patterns over time differentially contributed to the dissent outcome (i.e., psychological contract end state). The results of our study showed that the use of problem-focused coping is not as straightforward as suggested by the post-violation model. While the post-violation model suggests that problem-focused coping will most likely contribute positively to violation resolution, we found that this also depends on the type of problem-focused coping strategy used. That is, more threatening forms of problem-focused coping (i.e., threatening resignation as a way to trigger one’s manager/organization to resolve the violation) mainly contributed to dysfunctional and deserted PC end states. Yet, in some instances the use of these types of active coping strategies also contributed to functional violation resolution. These findings have important implications for the literature on upward dissent strategies and psychological contract violation repair. PMID:29467692

Actively Coping with Violation: Exploring Upward Dissent Patterns in Functional, Dysfunctional, and Deserted Psychological Contract End States.

PubMed

Schalk, René; De Ruiter, Melanie; Van Loon, Joost; Kuijpers, Evy; Van Regenmortel, Tine

2018-01-01

Recently, scholars have emphasized the importance of examining how employees cope with psychological contract violation and how the coping process contributes to psychological contract violation resolution and post-violation psychological contracts. Recent work points to the important role of problem-focused coping. Yet, to date, problem-focused coping strategies have not been conceptualized on a continuum from constructive to destructive strategies. Consequently, potential differences in the use of specific types of problem-focused coping strategies and the role these different strategies play in the violation resolution process has not been explored. In this study, we stress the importance of focusing on different types of problem-focused coping strategies. We explore how employee upward dissent strategies, conceptualized as different forms of problem-focused coping, contribute to violation resolution and post-violation psychological contracts. Two sources of data were used. In-depth interviews with supervisors of a Dutch car lease company provided 23 case descriptions of employee-supervisor interactions after a psychological contract violation. Moreover, a database with descriptions of Dutch court sentences provided eight case descriptions of employee-organization interactions following a perceived violation. Based on these data sources, we explored the pattern of upward dissent strategies employees used over time following a perceived violation. We distinguished between functional (thriving and reactivation), dysfunctional (impairment and dissolution) and deserted psychological contract end states and explored whether different dissent patterns over time differentially contributed to the dissent outcome (i.e., psychological contract end state). The results of our study showed that the use of problem-focused coping is not as straightforward as suggested by the post-violation model. While the post-violation model suggests that problem-focused coping will most likely contribute positively to violation resolution, we found that this also depends on the type of problem-focused coping strategy used. That is, more threatening forms of problem-focused coping (i.e., threatening resignation as a way to trigger one's manager/organization to resolve the violation) mainly contributed to dysfunctional and deserted PC end states. Yet, in some instances the use of these types of active coping strategies also contributed to functional violation resolution. These findings have important implications for the literature on upward dissent strategies and psychological contract violation repair.

Disgust and the sacred: Do people react to violations of the sacred with the same emotion they react to something putrid?

PubMed

Kollareth, Dolichan; Russell, James A

2018-03-01

Disgust has been hypothesized to be uniquely linked to violations of a distinct moral domain (called divinity, purity, or sacred) aimed at preserving one's body from contamination with pathogens and preserving one's soul from violations of what is sacred. Here we examined whether the same emotion-core disgust-occurs when witnessing both types of violation, and we proposed a specific method for doing so. In two studies (N = 160; 240), American and Indian participants indicated their emotional reaction to (stories depicting) sacred or nonsacred violations, each either with or without pathogens. Both Americans and Indians felt "grossed out" (a term for core disgust) by events with pathogens (whether violations of the sacred or not). They felt disgusted and angered, but not grossed out, by violations of the sacred. For both Americans and Indians, grossed out was never the modal emotion when a sacred violation did not involve pathogens. Results were inconsistent with a focus on any single emotion: sacred violations were associated with several different negative emotions. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved).

Thermal elastic shock and its effect on TOPEX spacecraft attitude control

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Zimbelman, Darrell F.

1991-01-01

Thermal elastic shock (TES) is a twice per orbit impulsive disturbance torque experienced by low-Earth orbiting spacecraft. The fundamental equations used to model the TES disturbance torque for typical spacecraft appendages (e.g., solar arrays and antenna booms) are derived in detail. In particular, the attitude-pointing performance of the TOPEX spacecraft, when subjected to the TES disturbance, is analyzed using a three-axis nonlinear time-domain simulation. Results indicate that the TOPEX spacecraft could exceed its roll-axis attitude-control requirement during penumbral transitions, and remain in violation for approximately 150 sec each orbit until the umbra collapses. A localized active-control system is proposed as a solution to minimize and/or eliminate the degrading effects of the TES disturbance.

Transoral robotic surgery for neurogenic tumors of the prestyloid parapharyngeal space.

PubMed

Lee, Hyoung Shin; Kim, Jinna; Lee, Hyun Jin; Koh, Yoon Woo; Choi, Eun Chang

2012-08-01

The parapharyngeal space is a difficult area for a surgical approach due to anatomical complexity. We performed a minimally invasive and precise surgical technique to remove neurogenic tumors of the prestyloid parapharyngeal space using transoral robotic instrumentation. The mass was successfully removed in the two cases with three-dimensional visualization providing an excellent view of the resection margin and the dissection plane preserving the vital structures. An adequate resection margin was acquired, and no violation of the tumor capsule occurred. No significant complications were noted. Transoral robotic surgery was feasible for neurogenic tumors of the prestyloid parapharyngeal space, providing a sufficient resection margin and delicate dissection through excellent surgical views and instrumentation. Copyright © 2012. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd.

Operational meaning of discord in terms of teleportation fidelity

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Adhikari, Satyabrata; Banerjee, Subhashish

2012-12-01

Quantum discord is a prominent measure of quantum correlations, playing an important role in expanding its horizon beyond entanglement. Here we provide an operational meaning of (geometric) discord, which quantifies the amount of nonclassical correlations of an arbitrary quantum system based on its minimal distance from the set of classical states, in terms of teleportation fidelity for general two-qubit and (d⊗d)-dimensional isotropic and Werner states. A critical value of the discord is found beyond which the two-qubit state must violate Bell's inequality. This is illustrated by an open-system model of a dissipative two-qubit state. For the (d⊗d)-dimensional states the lower bound of discord is shown to be obtainable from an experimentally measurable witness operator.

Entanglement of purification in free scalar field theories

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bhattacharyya, Arpan; Takayanagi, Tadashi; Umemoto, Koji

2018-04-01

We compute the entanglement of purification (EoP) in a 2d free scalar field theory with various masses. This quantity measures correlations between two subsystems and is reduced to the entanglement entropy when the total system is pure. We obtain explicit numerical values by assuming minimal gaussian wave functionals for the purified states. We find that when the distance between the subsystems is large, the EoP behaves like the mutual information. However, when the distance is small, the EoP shows a characteristic behavior which qualitatively agrees with the conjectured holographic computation and which is different from that of the mutual information. We also study behaviors of mutual information in purified spaces and violations of monogamy/strong superadditivity.

Prospects of Measuring Lepton CP-violation with LBNE at DUSEL

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Maricic, Jelena; Lbne Collaboration

2010-11-01

Excellent measurement of the neutrino oscillation parameters achieved in recent years has set the scene for probing the size of the leptonic CP-violation angle. The Long Baseline Neutrino Experiment (LBNE) will have an unprecedented sensitivity to CP-violation angle and a range of other physics questions. LBNE will be a massive neutrino detector located at the Deep Underground Science and Engineering Laboratory (DUSEL) in the Homestake mine in the town of Lead, South Dakota, USA. Two independent detector technologies have been utilized for detector design: water Cherenkov and liquid argon time projection chamber (LArTPC) type of detector and both technologies have similar sensitivity to the main physics questions to be answered. The experiment will measure the value of CP-violation phase δ in lepton sector, ordering of neutrino masses and value of the angle θ13. In addition, the LBNE will be able to search for proton decay, get a detailed energy spectrum in the case of galactic supernovae, detect solar and atmospheric neutrinos, possibly geoneutrinos and even measure the relic supernovae neutrino flux. In order to address most of the aforementioned physics questions, the detector will be placed at large depth of 1480 m (WC). The scientific goals require a minimal size of 2×100 kton equivalent water Cherenkov fiducial volume or 2×17 kton LArTPC, or the combination of the both. The LBNE will obtain 3σ C.L. measurement of θ13 at the 0.001 level, for any value of CP-δ phase. In addition LBNE will resolve the neutrino mass hierarchy at 3σ C.L. measurement of the neutrino mass hierarchy if sin22θ13 >= 0.01 for any value of CP-δ phase and measure about 50% of all CP-δ phases with 3σ C.L. for sin2 2θ13 >= 0.01. The experiment will make these measurements using an electron neutrino appearance signal in the muon neutrino beam sent to LBNE from Fermilab, 1300 km away. The beam will be 700 kW and then 2 MW. The experiment will run in both neutrino and anti-neutrino mode. In addition to detectors at DUSEL, a near detector complex at Fermilab is foreseen for beam normalization measurement. The report on the physics reach, design status and current undergoing research and development toward construction of the LBNE.

10 CFR 490.206 - Violations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 10 Energy 3 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Violations. 490.206 Section 490.206 Energy DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY ENERGY CONSERVATION ALTERNATIVE FUEL TRANSPORTATION PROGRAM Mandatory State Fleet Program § 490.206 Violations. Violations of this subpart are subject to investigation and enforcement under subpart...

10 CFR 490.206 - Violations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 10 Energy 3 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Violations. 490.206 Section 490.206 Energy DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY ENERGY CONSERVATION ALTERNATIVE FUEL TRANSPORTATION PROGRAM Mandatory State Fleet Program § 490.206 Violations. Violations of this subpart are subject to investigation and enforcement under subpart...

10 CFR 490.206 - Violations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 10 Energy 3 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Violations. 490.206 Section 490.206 Energy DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY ENERGY CONSERVATION ALTERNATIVE FUEL TRANSPORTATION PROGRAM Mandatory State Fleet Program § 490.206 Violations. Violations of this subpart are subject to investigation and enforcement under subpart...

10 CFR 490.310 - Violations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 10 Energy 3 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Violations. 490.310 Section 490.310 Energy DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY ENERGY CONSERVATION ALTERNATIVE FUEL TRANSPORTATION PROGRAM Alternative Fuel Provider Vehicle Acquisition Mandate § 490.310 Violations. Violations of this subpart are subject to investigation and...

10 CFR 490.206 - Violations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 10 Energy 3 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Violations. 490.206 Section 490.206 Energy DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY ENERGY CONSERVATION ALTERNATIVE FUEL TRANSPORTATION PROGRAM Mandatory State Fleet Program § 490.206 Violations. Violations of this subpart are subject to investigation and enforcement under subpart...

10 CFR 490.310 - Violations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 10 Energy 3 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Violations. 490.310 Section 490.310 Energy DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY ENERGY CONSERVATION ALTERNATIVE FUEL TRANSPORTATION PROGRAM Alternative Fuel Provider Vehicle Acquisition Mandate § 490.310 Violations. Violations of this subpart are subject to investigation and...

10 CFR 490.310 - Violations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 10 Energy 3 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Violations. 490.310 Section 490.310 Energy DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY ENERGY CONSERVATION ALTERNATIVE FUEL TRANSPORTATION PROGRAM Alternative Fuel Provider Vehicle Acquisition Mandate § 490.310 Violations. Violations of this subpart are subject to investigation and...

10 CFR 490.310 - Violations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 10 Energy 3 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Violations. 490.310 Section 490.310 Energy DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY ENERGY CONSERVATION ALTERNATIVE FUEL TRANSPORTATION PROGRAM Alternative Fuel Provider Vehicle Acquisition Mandate § 490.310 Violations. Violations of this subpart are subject to investigation and...

10 CFR 490.310 - Violations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 10 Energy 3 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Violations. 490.310 Section 490.310 Energy DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY ENERGY CONSERVATION ALTERNATIVE FUEL TRANSPORTATION PROGRAM Alternative Fuel Provider Vehicle Acquisition Mandate § 490.310 Violations. Violations of this subpart are subject to investigation and...

10 CFR 490.206 - Violations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 10 Energy 3 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Violations. 490.206 Section 490.206 Energy DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY ENERGY CONSERVATION ALTERNATIVE FUEL TRANSPORTATION PROGRAM Mandatory State Fleet Program § 490.206 Violations. Violations of this subpart are subject to investigation and enforcement under subpart...

10 CFR 32.301 - Violations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 10 Energy 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Violations. 32.301 Section 32.301 Energy NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION SPECIFIC DOMESTIC LICENSES TO MANUFACTURE OR TRANSFER CERTAIN ITEMS CONTAINING BYPRODUCT MATERIAL Violations § 32.301 Violations. (a) The Commission may obtain an injunction or other...

10 CFR 32.301 - Violations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 10 Energy 1 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Violations. 32.301 Section 32.301 Energy NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION SPECIFIC DOMESTIC LICENSES TO MANUFACTURE OR TRANSFER CERTAIN ITEMS CONTAINING BYPRODUCT MATERIAL Violations § 32.301 Violations. (a) The Commission may obtain an injunction or other...

10 CFR 34.121 - Violations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 10 Energy 1 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Violations. 34.121 Section 34.121 Energy NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION LICENSES FOR INDUSTRIAL RADIOGRAPHY AND RADIATION SAFETY REQUIREMENTS FOR INDUSTRIAL RADIOGRAPHIC OPERATIONS Violations § 34.121 Violations. (a) The Commission may obtain an injunction or other...

10 CFR 34.121 - Violations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 10 Energy 1 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Violations. 34.121 Section 34.121 Energy NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION LICENSES FOR INDUSTRIAL RADIOGRAPHY AND RADIATION SAFETY REQUIREMENTS FOR INDUSTRIAL RADIOGRAPHIC OPERATIONS Violations § 34.121 Violations. (a) The Commission may obtain an injunction or other...

10 CFR 34.121 - Violations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 10 Energy 1 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Violations. 34.121 Section 34.121 Energy NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION LICENSES FOR INDUSTRIAL RADIOGRAPHY AND RADIATION SAFETY REQUIREMENTS FOR INDUSTRIAL RADIOGRAPHIC OPERATIONS Violations § 34.121 Violations. (a) The Commission may obtain an injunction or other...

10 CFR 34.121 - Violations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 10 Energy 1 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Violations. 34.121 Section 34.121 Energy NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION LICENSES FOR INDUSTRIAL RADIOGRAPHY AND RADIATION SAFETY REQUIREMENTS FOR INDUSTRIAL RADIOGRAPHIC OPERATIONS Violations § 34.121 Violations. (a) The Commission may obtain an injunction or other...

10 CFR 34.121 - Violations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 10 Energy 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Violations. 34.121 Section 34.121 Energy NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION LICENSES FOR INDUSTRIAL RADIOGRAPHY AND RADIATION SAFETY REQUIREMENTS FOR INDUSTRIAL RADIOGRAPHIC OPERATIONS Violations § 34.121 Violations. (a) The Commission may obtain an injunction or other...

10 CFR 824.7 - Final notice of violation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... whether the person violated or is continuing to violate a classified information security requirement. (b... classified information security requirement, the Director may issue to the person a final notice of violation... DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY PROCEDURAL RULES FOR THE ASSESSMENT OF CIVIL PENALTIES FOR CLASSIFIED INFORMATION...

10 CFR 824.7 - Final notice of violation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... whether the person violated or is continuing to violate a classified information security requirement. (b... classified information security requirement, the Director may issue to the person a final notice of violation... DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY PROCEDURAL RULES FOR THE ASSESSMENT OF CIVIL PENALTIES FOR CLASSIFIED INFORMATION...

5 CFR 1312.31 - Security violations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 5 Administrative Personnel 3 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Security violations. 1312.31 Section 1312..., DOWNGRADING, DECLASSIFICATION AND SAFEGUARDING OF NATIONAL SECURITY INFORMATION Control and Accountability of Classified Information § 1312.31 Security violations. (a) A security violation notice is issued by the United...

10 CFR 76.131 - Violations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 10 Energy 2 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Violations. 76.131 Section 76.131 Energy NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION (CONTINUED) CERTIFICATION OF GASEOUS DIFFUSION PLANTS Enforcement § 76.131 Violations. (a) The Commission may obtain an injunction or other court order to prevent a violation of the...

10 CFR 76.131 - Violations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 10 Energy 2 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Violations. 76.131 Section 76.131 Energy NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION (CONTINUED) CERTIFICATION OF GASEOUS DIFFUSION PLANTS Enforcement § 76.131 Violations. (a) The Commission may obtain an injunction or other court order to prevent a violation of the...

10 CFR 76.131 - Violations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 10 Energy 2 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Violations. 76.131 Section 76.131 Energy NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION (CONTINUED) CERTIFICATION OF GASEOUS DIFFUSION PLANTS Enforcement § 76.131 Violations. (a) The Commission may obtain an injunction or other court order to prevent a violation of the...

10 CFR 76.131 - Violations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 10 Energy 2 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Violations. 76.131 Section 76.131 Energy NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION (CONTINUED) CERTIFICATION OF GASEOUS DIFFUSION PLANTS Enforcement § 76.131 Violations. (a) The Commission may obtain an injunction or other court order to prevent a violation of the...

10 CFR 76.131 - Violations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 10 Energy 2 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Violations. 76.131 Section 76.131 Energy NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION (CONTINUED) CERTIFICATION OF GASEOUS DIFFUSION PLANTS Enforcement § 76.131 Violations. (a) The Commission may obtain an injunction or other court order to prevent a violation of the...

48 CFR 303.303 - Reporting suspected antitrust violations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Reporting suspected antitrust violations. 303.303 Section 303.303 Federal Acquisition Regulations System HEALTH AND HUMAN... Antitrust Violations 303.303 Reporting suspected antitrust violations. (h) The HCA shall provide a copy of...

48 CFR 303.303 - Reporting suspected antitrust violations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 4 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Reporting suspected antitrust violations. 303.303 Section 303.303 Federal Acquisition Regulations System HEALTH AND HUMAN... Antitrust Violations 303.303 Reporting suspected antitrust violations. (h) The HCA shall provide a copy of...

Quantum correlations beyond Tsirelson's bound

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Berry, Dominic; Ringbauer, Martin; Fedrizzi, Alessandro; White, Andrew

2014-03-01

Violations of Bell inequalities show that there are correlations that cannot explained by any classical theory. Further violation, beyond Tsirelson's bound, shows that there are correlations that are not explained by quantum mechanics. Such super-quantum correlations would enable violation of information causality, where communication of one bit provides more than one bit of information [Nature 461, 1101 (2009)]. An unavoidable feature of all realistic Bell inequality experiments is loss. If one postselects on successful measurements, unentangled states can violate Bell inequalities. On the other hand, loss can be used to enhance the violation of Bell inequalities for entangled states. This can improve the ability to distinguish between entangled and unentangled states, despite loss. Here we report an optical experiment providing maximal violation of the CHSH-Bell inequality with entangled states. Due to loss and postselection, Tsirelson's bound is also violated. This enables us to more easily distinguish between entangled and unentangled states. In addition, it provides violation of information causality for the postselected data.

Let's face the music: a behavioral and electrophysiological exploration of score reading.

PubMed

Gunter, Thomas C; Schmidt, Björn-Helmer; Besson, Mireille

2003-09-01

This experiment was carried out to determine whether reading diatonic violations in a musical score elicits similar endogenous ERP components when hearing such violations in the auditory modality. In the behavioral study, musicians were visually presented with 120 scores of familiar musical pieces, half of which contained a diatonic violation. The score was presented in a measure-by-measure manner. Self-paced reading was significantly delayed for measures containing a violation, indicating that sight reading a violation requires additional effort. In the ERP study, the musical phrases were presented in a "RSVP"-like manner. We predicted that diatonic violations would elicit a late positive component. However, the ERP associated with the measure where a violation was presented showed a negativity instead. The negativity started around 100 ms and lasted for the entire recording period. This long-lasting negativity encompassed at least three distinct effects that were possibly related to violation detection, working memory processing, and a further integration/interpretation process.

Where syntax meets math: Right Intraparietal Sulcus activation in response to grammatical number agreement violations

PubMed Central

Carreiras, Manuel; Carr, Lindsay; Barber, Horacio A.; Hernandez, Arturo

2009-01-01

Previous research has shown that the processing of words referring to actions activated motor areas. Here we show activation of the right intraparietal sulcus, an area that has been associated with quantity processing, when participants are asked to read pairs of words with number agreement violations as opposed to phrases with gender agreement violations or with no violation. In addition, we show activation in the left premotor and left inferior frontal areas when either gender or number agreement is violated. We argue that number violation automatically activates processes linked to quantity processing which are not directly related to language mechanisms. PMID:19800410

Young children's behavioral and emotional responses to different social norm violations.

PubMed

Hardecker, Susanne; Schmidt, Marco F H; Roden, Meike; Tomasello, Michael

2016-10-01

From an early age, children can talk meaningfully about differences between moral and conventional norms. But does their understanding of these differences manifest itself in their actual behavioral and emotional reactions to norm violations? And do children discriminate between norm violations that affect either themselves or a third party? Two studies (N=224) were conducted in which children observed conventional game rule violations and moral transgressions that either disadvantaged themselves directly or disadvantaged an absent third party. Results revealed that 3- and 5-year-olds evaluated both conventional and moral transgressions as normative breaches and protested against them. However, 5-year-olds also clearly discriminated these types of transgressions along further dimensions in that (a) they tattled largely on the moral violation and less on the conventional violation and (b) they showed stronger emotional reactions to moral violations compared to conventional violations. The 3-year-olds' responses to moral and conventional transgressions, however, were less discriminatory, and these younger children responded rather similarly to both kinds of violations. Importantly, most children intervened both as victims of the transgression and as unaffected third parties alike, providing strong evidence for their agent-neutral understanding of social norms. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

48 CFR 903.104-7 - Violations or possible violations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... violation or possible violation of subsections 27 (a), (b), (c) or (d) of the Office of Federal Procurement... disclosure of proprietary or source selection information is the Assistant General Counsel for Procurement...) and (2) for Headquarters activities is the Agency Ethics Official (Designated Agency Ethics Official...

10 CFR 39.101 - Violations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 10 Energy 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Violations. 39.101 Section 39.101 Energy NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION LICENSES AND RADIATION SAFETY REQUIREMENTS FOR WELL LOGGING Enforcement § 39.101 Violations. (a) The Commission may obtain an injunction or other court order to prevent a violation of the...

10 CFR 39.101 - Violations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 10 Energy 1 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Violations. 39.101 Section 39.101 Energy NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION LICENSES AND RADIATION SAFETY REQUIREMENTS FOR WELL LOGGING Enforcement § 39.101 Violations. (a) The Commission may obtain an injunction or other court order to prevent a violation of the...

32 CFR 634.32 - Traffic violation reports.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 32 National Defense 4 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Traffic violation reports. 634.32 Section 634.32... CRIMINAL INVESTIGATIONS MOTOR VEHICLE TRAFFIC SUPERVISION Traffic Supervision § 634.32 Traffic violation reports. (a) Most traffic violations occurring on DOD installations (within the UNITED STATES or its...

10 CFR 490.708 - Violations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 10 Energy 3 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Violations. 490.708 Section 490.708 Energy DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY ENERGY CONSERVATION ALTERNATIVE FUEL TRANSPORTATION PROGRAM Biodiesel Fuel Use Credit § 490.708 Violations. Violations of this subpart are subject to investigation and enforcement under subpart G of this...

10 CFR 490.708 - Violations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 10 Energy 3 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Violations. 490.708 Section 490.708 Energy DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY ENERGY CONSERVATION ALTERNATIVE FUEL TRANSPORTATION PROGRAM Biodiesel Fuel Use Credit § 490.708 Violations. Violations of this subpart are subject to investigation and enforcement under subpart G of this...

10 CFR 490.708 - Violations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 10 Energy 3 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Violations. 490.708 Section 490.708 Energy DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY ENERGY CONSERVATION ALTERNATIVE FUEL TRANSPORTATION PROGRAM Biodiesel Fuel Use Credit § 490.708 Violations. Violations of this subpart are subject to investigation and enforcement under subpart G of this...

10 CFR 490.708 - Violations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 10 Energy 3 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Violations. 490.708 Section 490.708 Energy DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY ENERGY CONSERVATION ALTERNATIVE FUEL TRANSPORTATION PROGRAM Biodiesel Fuel Use Credit § 490.708 Violations. Violations of this subpart are subject to investigation and enforcement under subpart G of this...

10 CFR 490.708 - Violations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 10 Energy 3 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Violations. 490.708 Section 490.708 Energy DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY ENERGY CONSERVATION ALTERNATIVE FUEL TRANSPORTATION PROGRAM Biodiesel Fuel Use Credit § 490.708 Violations. Violations of this subpart are subject to investigation and enforcement under subpart G of this...

10 CFR 60.181 - Violations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 10 Energy 2 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Violations. 60.181 Section 60.181 Energy NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION (CONTINUED) DISPOSAL OF HIGH-LEVEL RADIOACTIVE WASTES IN GEOLOGIC REPOSITORIES Violations § 60.181 Violations. (a) The Commission may obtain an injunction or other court order to prevent a...

10 CFR 1016.44 - Violations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 10 Energy 4 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Violations. 1016.44 Section 1016.44 Energy DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY (GENERAL PROVISIONS) SAFEGUARDING OF RESTRICTED DATA Control of Information § 1016.44 Violations. An injunction or other court order may be obtained prohibiting any violation of any provision of the...

10 CFR 1016.44 - Violations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 10 Energy 4 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Violations. 1016.44 Section 1016.44 Energy DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY (GENERAL PROVISIONS) SAFEGUARDING OF RESTRICTED DATA Control of Information § 1016.44 Violations. An injunction or other court order may be obtained prohibiting any violation of any provision of the...

48 CFR 903.104-7 - Violations or possible violations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 5 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Violations or possible violations. 903.104-7 Section 903.104-7 Federal Acquisition Regulations System DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY GENERAL... disclosure of proprietary or source selection information is the Assistant General Counsel for Procurement...

32 CFR 634.32 - Traffic violation reports.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 32 National Defense 4 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 true Traffic violation reports. 634.32 Section 634.32... CRIMINAL INVESTIGATIONS MOTOR VEHICLE TRAFFIC SUPERVISION Traffic Supervision § 634.32 Traffic violation reports. (a) Most traffic violations occurring on DOD installations (within the UNITED STATES or its...

Systematic Heuristic Evaluation of Computerized Consultation Order Templates: Clinicians' and Human Factors Engineers' Perspectives.

PubMed

Savoy, April; Patel, Himalaya; Flanagan, Mindy E; Weiner, Michael; Russ, Alissa L

2017-08-01

We assessed the usability of consultation order templates and identified problems to prioritize in design efforts for improving referral communication. With a sample of 26 consultation order templates, three evaluators performed a usability heuristic evaluation. The evaluation used 14 domain-independent heuristics and the following three supplemental references: 1 new domain-specific heuristic, 6 usability goals, and coded clinicians' statements regarding ease of use for 10 sampled templates. Evaluators found 201 violations, a mean of 7.7 violations per template. Minor violations outnumbered major violations almost twofold, 115 (57%) to 62 (31%). Approximately 68% of violations were linked to 5 heuristics: aesthetic and minimalist design (17%), error prevention (16%), consistency and standards (14%), recognition rather than recall (11%), and meet referrers' information needs (10%). Severe violations were attributed mostly to meet referrers' information needs and recognition rather than recall. Recorded violations yielded potential negative consequences for efficiency, effectiveness, safety, learnability, and utility. Evaluators and clinicians demonstrated 80% agreement in usability assessment. Based on frequency and severity of usability heuristic violations, the consultation order templates reviewed may impede clinical efficiency and risk patient safety. Results support the following design considerations: communicate consultants' requirements, facilitate information seeking, and support communication. While the most frequent heuristic violations involved interaction design and presentation, the most severe violations lacked information desired by referring clinicians. Violations related to templates' inability to support referring clinicians' information needs had the greatest potential negative impact on efficiency and safety usability goals. Heuristics should be prioritized in future design efforts.

FDA actions against misleading or unsubstantiated economic and quality-of-life promotional claims: an analysis of warning letters and notices of violation.

PubMed

Stewart, Kate A; Neumann, Peter J

2002-01-01

The objective of this study was to understand the types of economic and quality-of-life promotional claims the FDA considers false or misleading. Publicly available FDA letters (n = 569) sent to pharmaceutical companies from 1997 through 2001 for inappropriate promotional claims were reviewed. A standard data collection form was developed, including six categories for economic violations and three for QOL violations. For QOL, only letters with explicit violations for false or misleading claims using the words "quality of life" or patient "well-being" were considered. Other information collected included type of regulatory letter and media in which violations were found. Twenty-eight (4.9%) letters cited false and/or misleading economic claims. The most common economic violation was "unsupported comparative claim of effectiveness, safety, or interchangeability" (n = 14). Twenty-eight (4.9%) letters cited QOL violations, of which four contained both economic and QOL violations. The most common QOL violation was "lack of substantial evidence for QOL claims" (n = 15). None of the FDA letters used the term "patient reported outcomes." Violations were found most frequently in brochure and Web site-based promotions. The body of evidence that is emerging illustrates how the FDA is regulating promotional material containing misleading or unsubstantiated economic and QOL claims. However, knowing what constitutes an appropriate claim remains challenging because there are no formal guidelines describing what constitutes a violation, nor what level of substantiating evidence is required. More guidance may be needed to ensure appropriate use of these claims in drug promotions.

24 CFR 30.55 - Interstate Land Sales violations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 24 Housing and Urban Development 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Interstate Land Sales violations... Sales violations. (a) General. The Assistant Secretary for Housing-Federal Housing Commissioner, or his... materially violates any provision of the Interstate Land Sales Full Disclosure Act (15 U.S.C. 1701 et seq...

12 CFR 208.62 - Suspicious activity reports.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

..., or series of criminal violations, or that the bank was used to facilitate a criminal transaction, and... violation, or series of criminal violations, or that the bank was used to facilitate a criminal transaction... that it was either an actual or potential victim of a criminal violation, or series of criminal...

12 CFR 208.62 - Suspicious activity reports.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

..., or series of criminal violations, or that the bank was used to facilitate a criminal transaction, and... violation, or series of criminal violations, or that the bank was used to facilitate a criminal transaction... that it was either an actual or potential victim of a criminal violation, or series of criminal...

12 CFR 208.62 - Suspicious activity reports.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

..., or series of criminal violations, or that the bank was used to facilitate a criminal transaction, and... violation, or series of criminal violations, or that the bank was used to facilitate a criminal transaction... that it was either an actual or potential victim of a criminal violation, or series of criminal...

12 CFR 353.3 - Reports and records.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... series of criminal violations, or that the bank was used to facilitate a criminal transaction, and the... criminal violation, or series of criminal violations, or that the bank was used to facilitate a criminal... believes it was either an actual or potential victim of a criminal violation, or series of criminal...

12 CFR 748.1 - Filing of reports.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... this chapter, projected to last more than two consecutive business days. Within a reasonable time after... potential victim of a criminal violation, or series of criminal violations, or that the credit union was... an actual or potential victim of a criminal violation, or series of criminal violations, or that the...

12 CFR 353.3 - Reports and records.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... series of criminal violations, or that the bank was used to facilitate a criminal transaction, and the... criminal violation, or series of criminal violations, or that the bank was used to facilitate a criminal... believes it was either an actual or potential victim of a criminal violation, or series of criminal...

12 CFR 748.1 - Filing of reports.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... this chapter, projected to last more than two consecutive business days. Within a reasonable time after... potential victim of a criminal violation, or series of criminal violations, or that the credit union was... an actual or potential victim of a criminal violation, or series of criminal violations, or that the...

15 CFR 701.6 - Violations, penalties, and remedies.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 15 Commerce and Foreign Trade 2 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Violations, penalties, and remedies. 701.6 Section 701.6 Commerce and Foreign Trade Regulations Relating to Commerce and Foreign Trade... COUNTRIES OR FOREIGN FIRMS § 701.6 Violations, penalties, and remedies. (a) Willful violation of the Defense...

24 CFR 30.55 - Interstate Land Sales violations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 24 Housing and Urban Development 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Interstate Land Sales violations... Sales violations. (a) General. The Assistant Secretary for Housing-Federal Housing Commissioner, or his... materially violates any provision of the Interstate Land Sales Full Disclosure Act (15 U.S.C. 1701 et seq...

24 CFR 30.55 - Interstate Land Sales violations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 24 Housing and Urban Development 1 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Interstate Land Sales violations... Sales violations. (a) General. The Assistant Secretary for Housing-Federal Housing Commissioner, or his... materially violates any provision of the Interstate Land Sales Full Disclosure Act (15 U.S.C. 1701 et seq...

48 CFR 1303.303 - Reporting suspected antitrust violations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... Antitrust Violations 1303.303 Reporting suspected antitrust violations. Suspected anti-competitive practices and antitrust law violations, as described in FAR 3.301 and FAR 3.303, shall be reported to the Contract Law Division, by the HCO. A copy of the report shall be sent to the Procurement Executive...

76 FR 53171 - Whistleblower Incentives and Protection

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-08-25

... not incentivized to promote their own self- interest at the possible expense of the entity's ability to detect, address, and self-report violations. Further, pursuant to the rules as adopted, such... violation of the law should be extended to civil violations of laws or rules, and violations of a self...

10 CFR 824.6 - Preliminary notice of violation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 10 Energy 4 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Preliminary notice of violation. 824.6 Section 824.6 Energy DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY PROCEDURAL RULES FOR THE ASSESSMENT OF CIVIL PENALTIES FOR CLASSIFIED INFORMATION SECURITY VIOLATIONS § 824.6 Preliminary notice of violation. (a) In order to begin a proceeding to...

10 CFR 160.5 - Violations and penalties.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 10 Energy 2 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Violations and penalties. 160.5 Section 160.5 Energy NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION (CONTINUED) TRESPASSING ON COMMISSION PROPERTY § 160.5 Violations and penalties. (a) Whoever willfully violates either §§ 160.3 or 160.4 shall, upon conviction, be punishable by...

10 CFR 160.5 - Violations and penalties.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 10 Energy 2 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Violations and penalties. 160.5 Section 160.5 Energy NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION (CONTINUED) TRESPASSING ON COMMISSION PROPERTY § 160.5 Violations and penalties. (a) Whoever willfully violates either §§ 160.3 or 160.4 shall, upon conviction, be punishable by...

10 CFR 160.5 - Violations and penalties.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 10 Energy 2 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Violations and penalties. 160.5 Section 160.5 Energy NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION (CONTINUED) TRESPASSING ON COMMISSION PROPERTY § 160.5 Violations and penalties. (a) Whoever willfully violates either §§ 160.3 or 160.4 shall, upon conviction, be punishable by...

10 CFR 160.5 - Violations and penalties.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 10 Energy 2 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Violations and penalties. 160.5 Section 160.5 Energy NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION (CONTINUED) TRESPASSING ON COMMISSION PROPERTY § 160.5 Violations and penalties. (a) Whoever willfully violates either §§ 160.3 or 160.4 shall, upon conviction, be punishable by...

41 CFR 302-17.11 - Violation of service agreement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 41 Public Contracts and Property Management 4 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Violation of service agreement. 302-17.11 Section 302-17.11 Public Contracts and Property Management Federal Travel Regulation....11 Violation of service agreement. In the event the employee violates the terms of the service...

10 CFR 20.2401 - Violations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 10 Energy 1 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Violations. 20.2401 Section 20.2401 Energy NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION STANDARDS FOR PROTECTION AGAINST RADIATION Enforcement § 20.2401 Violations. (a) The Commission may obtain an injunction or other court order to prevent a violation of the provisions of— (1) The...

10 CFR 20.2401 - Violations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 10 Energy 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Violations. 20.2401 Section 20.2401 Energy NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION STANDARDS FOR PROTECTION AGAINST RADIATION Enforcement § 20.2401 Violations. (a) The Commission may obtain an injunction or other court order to prevent a violation of the provisions of— (1) The...

10 CFR 36.91 - Violations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 10 Energy 1 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Violations. 36.91 Section 36.91 Energy NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION LICENSES AND RADIATION SAFETY REQUIREMENTS FOR IRRADIATORS Enforcement § 36.91 Violations. (a) The Commission may obtain an injunction or other court order to prevent a violation of the provisions of— (1) The...

10 CFR 36.91 - Violations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 10 Energy 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Violations. 36.91 Section 36.91 Energy NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION LICENSES AND RADIATION SAFETY REQUIREMENTS FOR IRRADIATORS Enforcement § 36.91 Violations. (a) The Commission may obtain an injunction or other court order to prevent a violation of the provisions of— (1) The...

48 CFR 2903.104-7 - Violations or possible violations of standards of conduct.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 7 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Violations or possible violations of standards of conduct. 2903.104-7 Section 2903.104-7 Federal Acquisition Regulations System DEPARTMENT OF LABOR GENERAL IMPROPER BUSINESS PRACTICES AND PERSONAL CONFLICTS OF INTEREST Safeguards 2903...

45 CFR 1640.4 - Violation of agreement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 45 Public Welfare 4 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Violation of agreement. 1640.4 Section 1640.4 Public Welfare Regulations Relating to Public Welfare (Continued) LEGAL SERVICES CORPORATION APPLICATION OF FEDERAL LAW TO LSC RECIPIENTS § 1640.4 Violation of agreement. (a) A violation of the agreement...

45 CFR 1640.4 - Violation of agreement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 45 Public Welfare 4 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Violation of agreement. 1640.4 Section 1640.4 Public Welfare Regulations Relating to Public Welfare (Continued) LEGAL SERVICES CORPORATION APPLICATION OF FEDERAL LAW TO LSC RECIPIENTS § 1640.4 Violation of agreement. (a) A violation of the agreement...

45 CFR 1640.4 - Violation of agreement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 45 Public Welfare 4 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Violation of agreement. 1640.4 Section 1640.4 Public Welfare Regulations Relating to Public Welfare (Continued) LEGAL SERVICES CORPORATION APPLICATION OF FEDERAL LAW TO LSC RECIPIENTS § 1640.4 Violation of agreement. (a) A violation of the agreement...

45 CFR 1640.4 - Violation of agreement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 45 Public Welfare 4 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Violation of agreement. 1640.4 Section 1640.4 Public Welfare Regulations Relating to Public Welfare (Continued) LEGAL SERVICES CORPORATION APPLICATION OF FEDERAL LAW TO LSC RECIPIENTS § 1640.4 Violation of agreement. (a) A violation of the agreement...

10 CFR 824.6 - Preliminary notice of violation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 10 Energy 4 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Preliminary notice of violation. 824.6 Section 824.6 Energy DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY PROCEDURAL RULES FOR THE ASSESSMENT OF CIVIL PENALTIES FOR CLASSIFIED INFORMATION SECURITY VIOLATIONS § 824.6 Preliminary notice of violation. (a) In order to begin a proceeding to...

41 CFR 302-17.11 - Violation of service agreement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 41 Public Contracts and Property Management 4 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Violation of service agreement. 302-17.11 Section 302-17.11 Public Contracts and Property Management Federal Travel Regulation....11 Violation of service agreement. In the event the employee violates the terms of the service...

10 CFR 20.2401 - Violations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 10 Energy 1 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Violations. 20.2401 Section 20.2401 Energy NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION STANDARDS FOR PROTECTION AGAINST RADIATION Enforcement § 20.2401 Violations. (a) The Commission may obtain an injunction or other court order to prevent a violation of the provisions of— (1) The...

49 CFR 384.209 - Notification of traffic violations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... relating to motor vehicle traffic control (other than a parking violation), in any type of vehicle, the... State or local law relating to motor vehicle traffic control (other than a parking violation), the... 49 Transportation 5 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Notification of traffic violations. 384.209...

48 CFR 703.104-10.1 - Violations or possible violations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 5 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Violations or possible violations. 703.104-10.1 Section 703.104-10.1 Federal Acquisition Regulations System AGENCY FOR INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT GENERAL IMPROPER BUSINESS PRACTICES AND PERSONAL CONFLICTS OF INTEREST Safeguards 703.104-10.1...

48 CFR 2903.204 - Treatment of violations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 7 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Treatment of violations. 2903.204 Section 2903.204 Federal Acquisition Regulations System DEPARTMENT OF LABOR GENERAL IMPROPER....204 Treatment of violations. Any suspected violations of FAR subpart 3.2 and the clause at FAR 52.203...

10 CFR 160.5 - Violations and penalties.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 10 Energy 2 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Violations and penalties. 160.5 Section 160.5 Energy NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION (CONTINUED) TRESPASSING ON COMMISSION PROPERTY § 160.5 Violations and penalties. (a) Whoever willfully violates either §§ 160.3 or 160.4 shall, upon conviction, be punishable by...

48 CFR 703.104-10.1 - Violations or possible violations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 5 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Violations or possible violations. 703.104-10.1 Section 703.104-10.1 Federal Acquisition Regulations System AGENCY FOR INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT GENERAL IMPROPER BUSINESS PRACTICES AND PERSONAL CONFLICTS OF INTEREST Safeguards 703.104-10.1...

48 CFR 403.405 - Misrepresentations or violations of the Covenant Against Contingent Fees.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... violations of the Covenant Against Contingent Fees. 403.405 Section 403.405 Federal Acquisition Regulations... Contingent Fees 403.405 Misrepresentations or violations of the Covenant Against Contingent Fees. (a) A suspected misrepresentation or violation of the Covenant Against Contingent Fees shall be documented in...

10 CFR 75.51 - Violations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 10 Energy 2 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Violations. 75.51 Section 75.51 Energy NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION (CONTINUED) SAFEGUARDS ON NUCLEAR MATERIAL-IMPLEMENTATION OF US/IAEA AGREEMENT Enforcement § 75.51 Violations. (a) The Commission may obtain an injunction or other court order to prevent a violation of the...

10 CFR 75.51 - Violations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 10 Energy 2 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Violations. 75.51 Section 75.51 Energy NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION (CONTINUED) SAFEGUARDS ON NUCLEAR MATERIAL-IMPLEMENTATION OF US/IAEA AGREEMENT Enforcement § 75.51 Violations. (a) The Commission may obtain an injunction or other court order to prevent a violation of the...

Scenarios of physics beyond the standard model

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Fok, Ricky

This dissertation discusses three topics on scenarios beyond the Standard Model. Topic one is the effects from a fourth generation of quarks and leptons on electroweak baryogenesis in the early universe. The Standard Model is incapable of electroweak baryogenesis due to an insufficiently strong enough electroweak phase transition (EWPT) as well as insufficient CP violation. We show that the presence of heavy fourth generation fermions solves the first problem but requires additional bosons to be included to stabilize the electroweak vacuum. Introducing supersymmetric partners of the heavy fermions, we find that the EWPT can be made strong enough and new sources of CP violation are present. Topic two relates to the lepton avor problem in supersymmetry. In the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model (MSSM), the off-diagonal elements in the slepton mass matrix must be suppressed at the 10-3 level to avoid experimental bounds from lepton avor changing processes. This dissertation shows that an enlarged R-parity can alleviate the lepton avor problem. An analysis of all sensitive parameters was performed in the mass range below 1 TeV, and we find that slepton maximal mixing is possible without violating bounds from the lepton avor changing processes: mu → egamma; mu → e conversion, and mu → 3e. Topic three is the collider phenomenology of quirky dark matter. In this model, quirks are particles that are gauged under the electroweak group, as well as a dark" color SU(2) group. The hadronization scale of this color group is well below the quirk masses. As a result, the dark color strings never break. Quirk and anti-quirk pairs can be produced at the LHC. Once produced, they immediately form a bound state of high angular momentum. The quirk pair rapidly shed angular momentum by emitting soft radiation before they annihilate into observable signals. This dissertation presents the decay branching ratios of quirkonia where quirks obtain their masses through electroweak symmetry breaking. This dissertation includes previously published and unpublished co-authored material.

Calf antibiotic and sulfonamide test (CAST) for screening antibiotic and sulfonamide residues in calf carcasses.

PubMed

Dey, Bhabani P; Reamer, Richard P; Thaker, Nitin H; Thaler, Alice M

2005-01-01

The Calf Antibiotic and Sulfonamide Test (CAST), a microbial inhibition screening test, was developed for detecting antibiotics and sulfonamides in bob veal calf carcasses. The test uses Bacillus megaterium ATCC 9885 as the indicator organism and Mueller Hinton agar as the growth medium. Compared to Swab Test on Premises (STOP), developed in 1970, this screening test has higher sensitivity and the ability to detect a wider range of veterinary antimicrobial residual drugs, particularly sulfonamides, at lower concentrations. Carcasses that are tested with CAST and suspected of containing chemical residue above tolerance level are retained for confirmation. Disposition of these carcasses are determined upon laboratory result. Routine testing of bob veal calves with CAST allowed the Food Safety and Inspection Service to release most calf carcasses within 24 h post-slaughter, thus conserving shipping and handling resources. However, changes in the regulation in 1990 dictate that disposition of carcasses found to contain violative levels of sulfonamide residues should be based on laboratory findings. The analysis of the data for the years 1990-1994 and 1998 indicate that the use of CAST over the years was significant, and had a direct impact on reduction of residue violations in veal carcasses. With the use of CAST, potentially harmful antimicrobial chemicals entering the human food chain through veal meat have been minimized.

Probing high scale physics with top quarks at the Large Hadron Collider

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Dong, Zhe

With the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) running at TeV scale, we are expecting to find the deviations from the Standard Model in the experiments, and understanding what is the origin of these deviations. Being the heaviest elementary particle observed so far in the experiments with the mass at the electroweak scale, top quark is a powerful probe for new phenomena of high scale physics at the LHC. Therefore, we concentrate on studying the high scale physics phenomena with top quark pair production or decay at the LHC. In this thesis, we study the discovery potential of string resonances decaying to t/tbar final state, and examine the possibility of observing baryon-number-violating top-quark production or decay, at the LHC. We point out that string resonances for a string scale below 4 TeV can be detected via the t/tbar channel, by reconstructing center-of-mass frame kinematics of the resonances from either the t/tbar semi-leptonic decay or recent techniques of identifying highly boosted tops. For the study of baryon-number-violating processes, by a model independent effective approach and focusing on operators with minimal mass-dimension, we find that corresponding effective coefficients could be directly probed at the LHC already with an integrated luminosity of 1 inverse femtobarns at 7 TeV, and further constrained with 30 (100) inverse femtobarns at 7 (14) TeV.

Minimal type-I seesaw model with maximally restricted texture zeros

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Barreiros, D. M.; Felipe, R. G.; Joaquim, F. R.

2018-06-01

In the context of Standard Model (SM) extensions, the seesaw mechanism provides the most natural explanation for the smallness of neutrino masses. In this work we consider the most economical type-I seesaw realization in which two right-handed neutrinos are added to the SM field content. For the sake of predictability, we impose the maximum number of texture zeros in the lepton Yukawa and mass matrices. All possible patterns are analyzed in the light of the most recent neutrino oscillation data, and predictions for leptonic C P violation are presented. We conclude that, in the charged-lepton mass basis, eight different texture combinations are compatible with neutrino data at 1 σ , all of them for an inverted-hierarchical neutrino mass spectrum. Four of these cases predict a C P -violating Dirac phase close to 3 π /2 , which is around the current best-fit value from the global analysis of neutrino oscillation data. If one further reduces the number of free parameters by considering three equal elements in the Dirac neutrino Yukawa coupling matrix, several texture combinations are still compatible with data but only at 3 σ . For all viable textures, the baryon asymmetry of the Universe is computed in the context of thermal leptogenesis, assuming (mildly) hierarchical heavy Majorana neutrino masses M1 ,2. It is shown that the flavored regime is ruled out, while the unflavored one requires M1˜1014 GeV .

Protecting workers from pathogens. Employers must act now to comply with OSHA's new standard on bloodborne pathogens.

PubMed

White, C L

1992-04-01

A new standard set forth by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) requires healthcare employers to implement sweeping new controls in areas such as record keeping, engineering, hazard prevention, and work practice. Through the bloodborne pathogen standard, which went into effect on March 6, OSHA acknowledges that healthcare workers face significant health risks as a result of occupational exposure to blood and other infectious materials. Although most prudent healthcare providers already adhere to the Centers for Disease Control's universal precautions, the OSHA regulations include several additional mandatory measures that are more specific and stringent. The additional measures include the development of an exposure control plan, procedures for responding to an employee's exposure to bloodborne pathogens, the implementation of certain engineering and work practice controls to eliminate or minimize on-the-job exposure risks, and the provision of personal protective equipment and information and training programs. OSHA estimates that the greatest cost component of implementing procedures to bring a facility into compliance is attributable to the purchase of personal protective equipment. Although the costs of compliance are substantial, OSHA has estimated that these costs represent less than 1 percent of the healthcare industry's annual revenues. Violation of the bloodborne pathogen standard may result in penalties of up to $70,000, depending on the severity of the infraction. Criminal penalties are also possible for willful violations that result in worker death.

Effective Majorana mass matrix from tau and pseudoscalar meson lepton number violating decays

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Abada, Asmaa; De Romeri, Valentina; Lucente, Michele; Teixeira, Ana M.; Toma, Takashi

2018-02-01

An observation of any lepton number violating process will undoubtedly point towards the existence of new physics and indirectly to the clear Majorana nature of the exchanged fermion. In this work, we explore the potential of a minimal extension of the Standard Model via heavy sterile fermions with masses in the [0.1 - 10] GeV range concerning an extensive array of "neutrinoless" meson and tau decay processes. We assume that the Majorana neutrinos are produced on-shell, and focus on three-body decays. We conduct an update on the bounds on the active-sterile mixing elements, |{U}_{ℓ }{{}{_{α}}}_4{U}_{ℓ }{{}{_{β}}}_4| , taking into account the most recent experimental bounds (and constraints) and new theoretical inputs, as well as the effects of a finite detector, imposing that the heavy neutrino decay within the detector. This allows to establish up-to-date comprehensive constraints on the sterile fermion parameter space. Our results suggest that the branching fractions of several decays are close to current sensitivities (likely within reach of future facilities), some being already in conflict with current data (as is the case of K + → ℓ α + ℓ β + π -, and τ - → μ +π-π-). We use these processes to extract constraints on all entries of an enlarged definition of a 3 × 3 "effective" Majorana neutrino mass matrix m ν αβ .

Towards tests of quark-hadron duality with functional analysis and spectral function data

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Boito, Diogo; Caprini, Irinel

2017-04-01

The presence of terms that violate quark-hadron duality in the expansion of QCD Green's functions is a generally accepted fact. Recently, a new approach was proposed for the study of duality violations (DVs), which exploits the existence of a rigorous lower bound on the functional distance, measured in a certain norm, between a "true" correlator and its approximant calculated theoretically along a contour in the complex energy plane. In the present paper, we pursue the investigation of functional-analysis-based tests towards their application to real spectral function data. We derive a closed analytic expression for the minimal functional distance based on the general weighted L2 norm and discuss its relation with the distance measured in the L∞ norm. Using fake data sets obtained from a realistic toy model in which we allow for covariances inspired from the publicly available ALEPH spectral functions, we obtain, by Monte Carlo simulations, the statistical distribution of the strength parameter that measures the magnitude of the DV term added to the usual operator product expansion. The results show that, if the region with large errors near the end point of the spectrum in τ decays is excluded, the functional-analysis-based tests using either L2 or L∞ norms are able to detect, in a statistically significant way, the presence of DVs in realistic spectral function pseudodata.

Diagnosis and Threat Detection Capabilities of the SERENITY Monitoring Framework

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tsigkritis, Theocharis; Spanoudakis, George; Kloukinas, Christos; Lorenzoli, Davide

The SERENITY monitoring framework offers mechanisms for diagnosing the causes of violations of security and dependability (S&D) properties and detecting potential violations of such properties, called "Cthreats". Diagnostic information and threat detection are often necessary for deciding what an appropriate reaction to a violation is and taking pre-emptive actions against predicted violations, respectively. In this chapter, we describe the mechanisms of the SERENITY monitoring framework which generate diagnostic information for violations of S&D properties and detecting threats.

Listening to Limericks: A Pupillometry Investigation of Perceivers’ Expectancy

PubMed Central

Scheepers, Christoph; Mohr, Sibylle; Fischer, Martin H.; Roberts, Andrew M.

2013-01-01

What features of a poem make it captivating, and which cognitive mechanisms are sensitive to these features? We addressed these questions experimentally by measuring pupillary responses of 40 participants who listened to a series of Limericks. The Limericks ended with either a semantic, syntactic, rhyme or metric violation. Compared to a control condition without violations, only the rhyme violation condition induced a reliable pupillary response. An anomaly-rating study on the same stimuli showed that all violations were reliably detectable relative to the control condition, but the anomaly induced by rhyme violations was perceived as most severe. Together, our data suggest that rhyme violations in Limericks may induce an emotional response beyond mere anomaly detection. PMID:24086417

Experimental violation of multipartite Bell inequalities with trapped ions.

PubMed

Lanyon, B P; Zwerger, M; Jurcevic, P; Hempel, C; Dür, W; Briegel, H J; Blatt, R; Roos, C F

2014-03-14

We report on the experimental violation of multipartite Bell inequalities by entangled states of trapped ions. First, we consider resource states for measurement-based quantum computation of between 3 and 7 ions and show that all strongly violate a Bell-type inequality for graph states, where the criterion for violation is a sufficiently high fidelity. Second, we analyze Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger states of up to 14 ions generated in a previous experiment using stronger Mermin-Klyshko inequalities, and show that in this case the violation of local realism increases exponentially with system size. These experiments represent a violation of multipartite Bell-type inequalities of deterministically prepared entangled states. In addition, the detection loophole is closed.

GraDit: graph-based data repair algorithm for multiple data edits rule violations

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ode Zuhayeni Madjida, Wa; Gusti Bagus Baskara Nugraha, I.

2018-03-01

Constraint-based data cleaning captures data violation to a set of rule called data quality rules. The rules consist of integrity constraint and data edits. Structurally, they are similar, where the rule contain left hand side and right hand side. Previous research proposed a data repair algorithm for integrity constraint violation. The algorithm uses undirected hypergraph as rule violation representation. Nevertheless, this algorithm can not be applied for data edits because of different rule characteristics. This study proposed GraDit, a repair algorithm for data edits rule. First, we use bipartite-directed hypergraph as model representation of overall defined rules. These representation is used for getting interaction between violation rules and clean rules. On the other hand, we proposed undirected graph as violation representation. Our experimental study showed that algorithm with undirected graph as violation representation model gave better data quality than algorithm with undirected hypergraph as representation model.

40 CFR 141.404 - Treatment technique violations for ground water systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

....404 Treatment technique violations for ground water systems. (a) A ground water system with a... ground water system is in violation of the treatment technique requirement if, within 120 days (or...) before or at the first customer for a ground water source is in violation of the treatment technique...

78 FR 18817 - Revisions to Reliability Standard for Transmission Vegetation Management

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-03-28

... related violation risk factors, except that it directs a revision to the violation risk factor... proposed assignment of a ``medium'' Violation Risk Factor to Requirement R2, which pertains to preventing..., within 60 days of the effective date of the Final Rule, assigning a ``high'' Violation Risk Factor for...

10 CFR 860.5 - Violations and penalties.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 10 Energy 4 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Violations and penalties. 860.5 Section 860.5 Energy DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY TRESPASSING ON DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY PROPERTY § 860.5 Violations and penalties. (a) Whoever willfully violates either § 860.3 or § 860.4 shall, upon conviction, be guilty of an infraction...

10 CFR 860.5 - Violations and penalties.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 10 Energy 4 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Violations and penalties. 860.5 Section 860.5 Energy DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY TRESPASSING ON DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY PROPERTY § 860.5 Violations and penalties. (a) Whoever willfully violates either § 860.3 or § 860.4 shall, upon conviction, be guilty of an infraction...

10 CFR 860.5 - Violations and penalties.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 10 Energy 4 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Violations and penalties. 860.5 Section 860.5 Energy DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY TRESPASSING ON DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY PROPERTY § 860.5 Violations and penalties. (a) Whoever willfully violates either § 860.3 or § 860.4 shall, upon conviction, be guilty of an infraction...

10 CFR 860.5 - Violations and penalties.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 10 Energy 4 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Violations and penalties. 860.5 Section 860.5 Energy DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY TRESPASSING ON DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY PROPERTY § 860.5 Violations and penalties. (a) Whoever willfully violates either § 860.3 or § 860.4 shall, upon conviction, be guilty of an infraction...

10 CFR 860.5 - Violations and penalties.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 10 Energy 4 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Violations and penalties. 860.5 Section 860.5 Energy DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY TRESPASSING ON DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY PROPERTY § 860.5 Violations and penalties. (a) Whoever willfully violates either § 860.3 or § 860.4 shall, upon conviction, be guilty of an infraction...

40 CFR 141.860 - Violations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... PRIMARY DRINKING WATER REGULATIONS Revised Total Coliform Rule § 141.860 Violations. (a) E. coli MCL Violation. A system is in violation of the MCL for E. coli when any of the conditions identified in paragraphs (a)(1) through (a)(4) of this section occur. (1) The system has an E. coli-positive repeat sample...

40 CFR 141.860 - Violations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... PRIMARY DRINKING WATER REGULATIONS Revised Total Coliform Rule § 141.860 Violations. (a) E. coli MCL Violation. A system is in violation of the MCL for E. coli when any of the conditions identified in paragraphs (a)(1) through (a)(4) of this section occur. (1) The system has an E. coli-positive repeat sample...

49 CFR 383.31 - Notification of convictions for driver violations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

..., in any type of motor vehicle, a State or local law relating to motor vehicle traffic control (other... motor vehicle traffic control (other than a parking violation) in a State or jurisdiction other than the... violation(s) of State or local law relating to motor vehicle traffic control, for which the person was...

21 CFR 1405.500 - How are violations of this part determined for recipients other than individuals?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... POLICY GOVERNMENTWIDE REQUIREMENTS FOR DRUG-FREE WORKPLACE (FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE) Violations of this Part... Director of National Drug Control Policy determines, in writing, that— (a) The recipient has violated the... violating criminal drug statutes in the workplace is large enough to indicate that the recipient has failed...

10 CFR 26.185 - Determining a fitness-for-duty policy violation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 10 Energy 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Determining a fitness-for-duty policy violation. 26.185 Section 26.185 Energy NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION FITNESS FOR DUTY PROGRAMS Determining Fitness-for-Duty Policy Violations and Determining Fitness § 26.185 Determining a fitness-for-duty policy violation. (a...

10 CFR 26.185 - Determining a fitness-for-duty policy violation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 10 Energy 1 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Determining a fitness-for-duty policy violation. 26.185 Section 26.185 Energy NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION FITNESS FOR DUTY PROGRAMS Determining Fitness-for-Duty Policy Violations and Determining Fitness § 26.185 Determining a fitness-for-duty policy violation. (a...

49 CFR 1503.421 - Streamlined civil penalty procedures for certain security violations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... PROCEDURAL RULES INVESTIGATIVE AND ENFORCEMENT PROCEDURES Assessment of Civil Penalties by TSA § 1503.421 Streamlined civil penalty procedures for certain security violations. (a) Notice of violation. TSA, at the... violations described in the section and as otherwise provided by the Administrator. TSA may serve a Notice of...

28 CFR 523.2 - Good time credit for violators.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

..., CLASSIFICATION, AND TRANSFER COMPUTATION OF SENTENCE Good Time § 523.2 Good time credit for violators. (a) An... 28 Judicial Administration 2 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Good time credit for violators. 523.2... good time, upon being returned to custody for violation of supervised release, based on the number of...

28 CFR 523.2 - Good time credit for violators.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

..., CLASSIFICATION, AND TRANSFER COMPUTATION OF SENTENCE Good Time § 523.2 Good time credit for violators. (a) An... 28 Judicial Administration 2 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Good time credit for violators. 523.2... good time, upon being returned to custody for violation of supervised release, based on the number of...

28 CFR 523.2 - Good time credit for violators.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

..., CLASSIFICATION, AND TRANSFER COMPUTATION OF SENTENCE Good Time § 523.2 Good time credit for violators. (a) An... 28 Judicial Administration 2 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Good time credit for violators. 523.2... good time, upon being returned to custody for violation of supervised release, based on the number of...

28 CFR 523.2 - Good time credit for violators.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

..., CLASSIFICATION, AND TRANSFER COMPUTATION OF SENTENCE Good Time § 523.2 Good time credit for violators. (a) An... 28 Judicial Administration 2 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Good time credit for violators. 523.2... good time, upon being returned to custody for violation of supervised release, based on the number of...

28 CFR 523.2 - Good time credit for violators.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

..., CLASSIFICATION, AND TRANSFER COMPUTATION OF SENTENCE Good Time § 523.2 Good time credit for violators. (a) An... 28 Judicial Administration 2 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Good time credit for violators. 523.2... good time, upon being returned to custody for violation of supervised release, based on the number of...

Do community and autonomy moral violations elicit different emotions?

PubMed

Kollareth, Dolichan; Kikutani, Mariko; Shirai, Mariko; Russell, James A

2018-06-11

According to one important set of theories, different domains of immorality are linked to different discrete emotions-panculturally. Violations against the community elicit contempt, whereas violations against an individual elicit anger. To test this theory, American, Indian and Japanese participants (N = 480) indicated contempt and anger reactions (with verbal rating and face selection) to both the types of immorality. To remedy method problems in previous research, community and autonomy violations were created for the same story-frame, by varying the target to be either the community or an individual. Community and autonomy violations did not differ significantly in the emotion elicited: overall, both types of violations elicited more anger than contempt (and more negative emotion of any kind than positive emotion). By verbal rating, Americans and Indians reported more anger than contempt for both types of violation, whereas Japanese reported more contempt than anger for both types. By face selection, the three cultural groups selected anger more than contempt for both types of violation. The results speak against defining distinct domains of morality by their association with distinct emotions. © 2018 International Union of Psychological Science.

Illuminating the conceptual structure of the space of moral violations with searchlight representational similarity analysis.

PubMed

Wasserman, E A; Chakroff, A; Saxe, R; Young, L

2017-10-01

Characterizing how representations of moral violations are organized, cognitively and neurally, is central to understanding how people conceive and judge them. Past work has identified brain regions that represent morally relevant features and distinguish moral domains, but has not yet advanced a broader account of where and on what basis neural representations of moral violations are organized. With searchlight representational similarity analysis, we investigate where category membership drives similarity in neural patterns during moral judgment of violations from two key moral domains: Harm and Purity. Representations converge across domains in a network of regions resembling the mentalizing network. However, Harm and Purity violation representations respectively converge in different regions: precuneus (PC) and left inferior frontal gyrus (LIFG). Examining substructure within moral domains, Harm violations converge in PC regardless of subdomain (physical harms, psychological harms), while Purity subdomains (pathogen-related violations, sex-related violations) converge in distinct sets of regions - mirroring a dissociation observed in principal-component analysis of behavioral data. Further, we find initial evidence for representation of morally relevant features within these two domain-encoding regions. The present analyses offer a case study for understanding how organization within the complex conceptual space of moral violations is reflected in the organization of neural patterns across the cortex. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

National trends in drinking water quality violations.

PubMed

Allaire, Maura; Wu, Haowei; Lall, Upmanu

2018-02-27

Ensuring safe water supply for communities across the United States is a growing challenge in the face of aging infrastructure, impaired source water, and strained community finances. In the aftermath of the Flint lead crisis, there is an urgent need to assess the current state of US drinking water. However, no nationwide assessment has yet been conducted on trends in drinking water quality violations across several decades. Efforts to reduce violations are of national concern given that, in 2015, nearly 21 million people relied on community water systems that violated health-based quality standards. In this paper, we evaluate spatial and temporal patterns in health-related violations of the Safe Drinking Water Act using a panel dataset of 17,900 community water systems over the period 1982-2015. We also identify vulnerability factors of communities and water systems through probit regression. Increasing time trends and violation hot spots are detected in several states, particularly in the Southwest region. Repeat violations are prevalent in locations of violation hot spots, indicating that water systems in these regions struggle with recurring issues. In terms of vulnerability factors, we find that violation incidence in rural areas is substantially higher than in urbanized areas. Meanwhile, private ownership and purchased water source are associated with compliance. These findings indicate the types of underperforming systems that might benefit from assistance in achieving consistent compliance. We discuss why certain violations might be clustered in some regions and strategies for improving national drinking water quality.

Pushing the rules: effects and aftereffects of deliberate rule violations.

PubMed

Wirth, Robert; Pfister, Roland; Foerster, Anna; Huestegge, Lynn; Kunde, Wilfried

2016-09-01

Most of our daily life is organized around rules and social norms. But what makes rules so special? And what if one were to break a rule intentionally? Can we simply free us from the present set of rules or do we automatically adhere to them? How do rule violations influence subsequent behavior? To investigate the effects and aftereffects of violating simple S-R rule, we conducted three experiments that investigated continuous finger-tracking responses on an iPad. Our experiments show that rule violations are distinct from rule-based actions in both response times and movement trajectories, they take longer to initiate and execute, and their movement trajectory is heavily contorted. Data not only show differences between the two types of response (rule-based vs. violation), but also yielded a characteristic pattern of aftereffects in case of rule violations: rule violations do not trigger adaptation effects that render further rule violations less difficult, but every rule violation poses repeated effort on the agent. The study represents a first step towards understanding the signature and underlying mechanisms of deliberate rule violations, they cannot be acted out by themselves, but require the activation of the original rule first. Consequently, they are best understood as reformulations of existing rules that are not accessible on their own, but need to be constantly derived from the original rule, with an add-on that might entail an active tendency to steer away from mental representations that reflect (socially) unwanted behavior.

An Analysis of Shuttle Crew Scheduling Violations

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Bristol, Douglas

2012-01-01

From the early years of the Space Shuttle program, National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Shuttle crews have had a timeline of activities to guide them through their time on-orbit. Planners used scheduling constraints to build timelines that ensured the health and safety of the crews. If a constraint could not be met it resulted in a violation. Other agencies of the federal government also have scheduling constraints to ensure the safety of personnel and the public. This project examined the history of Space Shuttle scheduling constraints, constraints from Federal agencies and branches of the military and how these constraints may be used as a guide for future NASA and private spacecraft. This was conducted by reviewing rules and violations with regard to human aerospace scheduling constraints, environmental, political, social and technological factors, operating environment and relevant human factors. This study includes a statistical analysis of Shuttle Extra Vehicular Activity (EVA) related violations to determine if these were a significant producer of constraint violations. It was hypothesized that the number of SCSC violations caused by EVA activities were a significant contributor to the total number of violations for Shuttle/ISS missions. Data was taken from NASA data archives at the Johnson Space Center from Space Shuttle/ISS missions prior to the STS-107 accident. The results of the analysis rejected the null hypothesis and found that EVA violations were a significant contributor to the total number of violations. This analysis could help NASA and commercial space companies understand the main source of constraint violations and allow them to create constraint rules that ensure the safe operation of future human private and exploration missions. Additional studies could be performed to evaluate other variables that could have influenced the scheduling violations that were analyzed.

Double dissociation between rules and memory in music: an event-related potential study.

PubMed

Miranda, Robbin A; Ullman, Michael T

2007-11-01

Language and music share a number of characteristics. Crucially, both domains depend on both rules and memorized representations. Double dissociations between the neurocognition of rule-governed and memory-based knowledge have been found in language but not music. Here, the neural bases of both of these aspects of music were examined with an event-related potential (ERP) study of note violations in melodies. Rule-only violations consisted of out-of-key deviant notes that violated tonal harmony rules in novel (unfamiliar) melodies. Memory-only violations consisted of in-key deviant notes in familiar well-known melodies; these notes followed musical rules but deviated from the actual melodies. Finally, out-of-key notes in familiar well-known melodies constituted violations of both rules and memory. All three conditions were presented, within-subjects, to healthy young adults, half musicians and half non-musicians. The results revealed a double dissociation, independent of musical training, between rules and memory: both rule violation conditions, but not the memory-only violations, elicited an early, somewhat right-lateralized anterior-central negativity (ERAN), consistent with previous studies of rule violations in music, and analogous to the early left-lateralized anterior negativities elicited by rule violations in language. In contrast, both memory violation conditions, but not the rule-only violation, elicited a posterior negativity that might be characterized as an N400, an ERP component that depends, at least in part, on the processing of representations stored in long-term memory, both in language and in other domains. The results suggest that the neurocognitive rule/memory dissociation extends from language to music, further strengthening the similarities between the two domains.

Double dissociation between rules and memory in music: An event-related potential study

PubMed Central

Miranda, Robbin A.; Ullman, Michael T.

2007-01-01

Language and music share a number of characteristics. Crucially, both domains depend on both rules and memorized representations. Double dissociations between the neurocognition of rule-governed and memory-based knowledge have been found in language but not music. Here, the neural bases of both of these aspects of music were examined with an event-related potential (ERP) study of note violations in melodies. Rule-only violations consisted of out-of-key deviant notes that violated tonal harmony rules in novel (unfamiliar) melodies. Memory-only violations consisted of in-key deviant notes in familiar well-known melodies; these notes followed musical rules but deviated from the actual melodies. Finally, out-of-key notes in familiar well-known melodies constituted violations of both rules and memory. All three conditions were presented, within-subjects, to healthy young adults, half musicians and half non-musicians. The results revealed a double dissociation, independent of musical training, between rules and memory: both rule violation conditions, but not the memory-only violations, elicited an early, somewhat right-lateralized anterior-central negativity (ERAN), consistent with previous studies of rule violations in music, and analogous to the early left-lateralized anterior negativities elicited by rule violations in language. In contrast, both memory violation conditions, but not the rule-only violation, elicited a posterior negativity that might be characterized as an N400, an ERP component that depends, at least in part, on the processing of representations stored in long-term memory, both in language and in other domains. The results suggest that the neurocognitive rule/memory dissociation extends from language to music, further strengthening the similarities between the two domains. PMID:17855126

Violation of Bans on Tobacco Advertising and Promotion at Points of Sale in Viet Nam: Trend from 2009 - 2015.

PubMed

Huong, Le Thi Thanh; Long, Tran Khanh; Son, Phung Xuan; Huyen, Do Phuc; Linh, Phan Thuy; Bich, Nguyen Ngoc; Lam, Nguyen Xuan; Anh, Le Vu; Tuyet-Hanh, Tran Thi

2016-01-01

Comprehensive bans on tobacco advertising and promotion were introduced through tobacco control legislation in Viet Nam, but it has been established that violations of the bans are very common. This study was conducted to explore the trend in violations of bans on tobacco advertising and promotion at points of sale in Viet Nam in the past six years and to explore any differences in the violation situations before and after the Law on Tobacco Control came into effect on 1st May 2013. Quantitative data were collected through observation of violations of the bans on tobacco advertising and promotion at points of sale in 10 provinces throughout Viet Nam in four survey rounds (2009, 2010, 2011, and 2015). Variation in violation prevalence over time was examined by chi-square test using a Bonferini method. Binary logistic regression was employed to identify the factors that may have influences on different types of violation. A level of significance of p<0.05 was used for all tests in this article. The most common form of violation was the display of more than one pack/one carton of a cigarette brand. Violation of bans on tobacco advertising increased while violations on promotion ban and on displaying tobacco decreased through time. Some factors associated with the tobacco advertising and promotion bans included surveyed years, types of points of sale, regions and areas where the points of sale were located. The enforcement of the bans did not improve even after the issuance and the enactment of the Law on Tobacco Control. This suggests that the monitoring and enforcement of bans on tobacco advertising and promotion at points of sale should be strengthened. Penalties should be strictly applied for violators as indicated in the current tobacco control legislation.

The discovery reach of CP violation in neutrino oscillation with non-standard interaction effects

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rahman, Zini; Dasgupta, Arnab; Adhikari, Rathin

2015-06-01

We have studied the CP violation discovery reach in a neutrino oscillation experiment with superbeam, neutrino factory and monoenergetic neutrino beam from the electron capture process. For NSI satisfying model-dependent bound for shorter baselines (like CERN-Fréjus set-up) there is insignificant effect of NSI on the the discovery reach of CP violation due to δ. Particularly, for the superbeam and neutrino factory we have also considered relatively longer baselines for which there could be significant NSI effects on CP violation discovery reach for higher allowed values of NSI. For the monoenergetic beam only shorter baselines are considered to study CP violation with different nuclei as neutrino sources. Interestingly for non-standard interactions—{{\\varepsilon }eμ } and {{\\varepsilon }eτ } of neutrinos with matter during propagation in longer baselines in the superbeam, there is the possibility of better discovery reach of CP violation than that with only Standard Model interactions of neutrinos with matter. For complex NSI we have shown the CP violation discovery reach in the plane of Dirac phase δ and NSI phase {{φ }ij}. The CP violation due to some values of δ remain unobservable with present and near future experimental facilities in the superbeam and neutrino factory. However, in the presence of some ranges of off-diagonal NSI phase values there are some possibilities of discovering total CP violation for any {{δ }CP} value even at 5σ confidence level for neutrino factory. Our analysis indicates that for some values of NSI phases total CP violation may not be at all observable for any values of δ. Combination of shorter and longer baselines could indicate in some cases the presence of NSI. However, in general for NSIs ≲ 1 the CP violation discovery reach is better in neutrino factory set-ups. Using a neutrino beam from the electron capture process for nuclei 50110Sn and 152Yb, we have shown the discovery reach of CP violation in a neutrino oscillation experiment. Particularly for 50110Sn nuclei CP violation could be found for about 51% of the possible δ values for a baseline of 130 km with boost factor γ =500. Although the nuclei 152Yb is technically more feasible for the production of a mono-energetic beam, it is found to be unsuitable in obtaining good discovery reach of CP violation.

41 CFR 50-203.1 - Reports of breach or violation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 41 Public Contracts and Property Management 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 true Reports of breach or... of the Walsh-Healey Public Contracts Act § 50-203.1 Reports of breach or violation. (a) Any employer... violation, or apparent breach or violation of the Walsh-Healey Public Contracts Act of June 30, 1936 (49...

40 CFR 80.28 - Liability for violations of gasoline volatility controls and prohibitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 16 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Liability for violations of gasoline... Prohibitions § 80.28 Liability for violations of gasoline volatility controls and prohibitions. (a) Violations... refiner (if he is not an ethanol blender) at whose refinery the gasoline was produced or the importer at...

40 CFR 80.28 - Liability for violations of gasoline volatility controls and prohibitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 16 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Liability for violations of gasoline... Prohibitions § 80.28 Liability for violations of gasoline volatility controls and prohibitions. (a) Violations... refiner (if he is not an ethanol blender) at whose refinery the gasoline was produced or the importer at...

40 CFR 80.28 - Liability for violations of gasoline volatility controls and prohibitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 17 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Liability for violations of gasoline... Prohibitions § 80.28 Liability for violations of gasoline volatility controls and prohibitions. (a) Violations... refiner (if he is not an ethanol blender) at whose refinery the gasoline was produced or the importer at...

40 CFR 80.28 - Liability for violations of gasoline volatility controls and prohibitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 17 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Liability for violations of gasoline... Prohibitions § 80.28 Liability for violations of gasoline volatility controls and prohibitions. (a) Violations... refiner (if he is not an ethanol blender) at whose refinery the gasoline was produced or the importer at...

40 CFR 80.28 - Liability for violations of gasoline volatility controls and prohibitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 17 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Liability for violations of gasoline... Prohibitions § 80.28 Liability for violations of gasoline volatility controls and prohibitions. (a) Violations... refiner (if he is not an ethanol blender) at whose refinery the gasoline was produced or the importer at...

30 CFR 241.52 - What if I correct the violation?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... § 241.52 What if I correct the violation? The matter will be closed if you correct all of the violations... 30 Mineral Resources 2 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false What if I correct the violation? 241.52 Section 241.52 Mineral Resources MINERALS MANAGEMENT SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR MINERALS REVENUE...

30 CFR 250.1452 - What if I correct the violation?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 2 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false What if I correct the violation? 250.1452... Continental Shelf Civil Penalties Penalties After A Period to Correct § 250.1452 What if I correct the violation? The matter will be closed if you correct all of the violations identified in the Notice of...

29 CFR 579.5 - Determining the amount of the penalty and assessing the penalty.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... evidence of the violation or violations and will take into consideration the size of the business of the... penalty to the size of the business of the person charged with the violation or violations, taking into...-days of hired farm labor used in pertinent calendar quarters), dollar volume of sales or business done...

21 CFR 7.84 - Opportunity for presentation of views before report of criminal violation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... report of criminal violation. 7.84 Section 7.84 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES GENERAL ENFORCEMENT POLICY Criminal Violations § 7.84 Opportunity for presentation of views before report of criminal violation. (a)(1) Except as provided in paragraph (a) (2) and...

21 CFR 7.85 - Conduct of a presentation of views before report of criminal violation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... of criminal violation. 7.85 Section 7.85 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES GENERAL ENFORCEMENT POLICY Criminal Violations § 7.85 Conduct of a presentation of views before report of criminal violation. (a) The presentation of views shall be heard by a...

42 CFR 2.5 - Reports of violations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 42 Public Health 1 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Reports of violations. 2.5 Section 2.5 Public Health PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES GENERAL PROVISIONS CONFIDENTIALITY OF ALCOHOL AND DRUG ABUSE PATIENT RECORDS Introduction § 2.5 Reports of violations. (a) The report of any violation of these regulations may be...

42 CFR 2.5 - Reports of violations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 42 Public Health 1 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Reports of violations. 2.5 Section 2.5 Public Health PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES GENERAL PROVISIONS CONFIDENTIALITY OF ALCOHOL AND DRUG ABUSE PATIENT RECORDS Introduction § 2.5 Reports of violations. (a) The report of any violation of these regulations may be...

25 CFR 42.3 - How should a school address alleged violations of school policies?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 25 Indians 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false How should a school address alleged violations of school... RIGHTS § 42.3 How should a school address alleged violations of school policies? (a) In addressing alleged violations of school policies, each school must consider, to the extent appropriate, the...

25 CFR 42.3 - How should a school address alleged violations of school policies?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 25 Indians 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false How should a school address alleged violations of school... RIGHTS § 42.3 How should a school address alleged violations of school policies? (a) In addressing alleged violations of school policies, each school must consider, to the extent appropriate, the...

Transfer of Invasive Species Associated with the Movement of Military Equipment and Personnel

DTIC Science & Technology

2007-07-01

are examples of each type of violation, and what actions to take upon discovery of the violation. 3.7.1. Petty Violations: 3.7.1.1. Pornographic ...ERDC/EL TR-07-8 64 4.5.2.1. Pornographic magazines 4.5.2.2. A small quantity of an unauthorized war trophy. 4.5.2.3. Ammunition. 4.5.2.4. A...upon discovery of the violation. 5.6.2. Petty Violations: 5.6.2.1. Pornographic magazines 5.6.2.2. A small quantity of an unauthorized war trophy

The role of CP violating scatterings in baryogenesis—case study of the neutron portal

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Baldes, Iason; Bell, Nicole F.; Millar, Alexander

Many baryogenesis scenarios invoke the charge parity (CP) violating out-of-equilibrium decay of a heavy particle in order to explain the baryon asymmetry. Such scenarios will in general also allow CP violating scatterings. We study the effect of these CP violating scatterings on the final asymmetry in a neutron portal scenario. We solve the Boltzmann equations governing the evolution of the baryon number numerically and show that the CP violating scatterings play a dominant role in a significant portion of the parameter space.

Psychological contract types as moderator in the breach-violation and violation-burnout relationships.

PubMed

Jamil, Amber; Raja, Usman; Darr, Wendy

2013-01-01

This research examined the relationships between perceived psychological contract breach, felt violation, and burnout in a sample (n = 361) of employees from various organizations in Pakistan. The moderating role of contract types in these relationships was also tested. Findings supported a positive association between perceived psychological contract breach and felt violation and both were positively related to burnout. Transactional and relational contracts moderated the felt violation-burnout relationship. Scores on relational contract type tended to be higher than for transactional contract type showing some contextual influence.

General NMSSM signatures at the LHC

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Dreiner, H. K.; Staub, F.; Vicente, A.

2013-02-01

We study the possible LHC collider signatures in the next-to-minimal supersymmetric standard model. The general next-to-minimal supersymmetric standard model consists of 29 supersymmetric particles which can be mass ordered in 29!≃9×1030 ways. To reduce the number of hierarchies to a more manageable amount we assume a degeneracy of the sfermions of the first two generations with the same quantum numbers. Further assumptions about the neutralino and chargino masses leave 15 unrelated parameters. We check all 15!≈1012 relevant mass orderings for the dominant decay chains and the corresponding collider signatures at the LHC. As preferred signatures, we consider charged leptons, missing transverse momentum, jets, and W, Z or Higgs bosons. We present the results for three different choices of the singlet to Higgs coupling λ: (a) small, O(λ)O(Ytop). We compare these three scenarios with the MSSM expectations as well as among each other. We also mention a possible mass hierarchy leading to seven jets plus one lepton signatures at the LHC and comment briefly on the consequence of possible R-parity violation.

Asymmetries of the B →K*μ+μ- decay and the search of new physics beyond the standard model

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Fu, Hai-Bing; Wu, Xing-Gang; Cheng, Wei; Zhong, Tao; Sun, Zhan

2018-03-01

In this paper, we compute the forward-backward asymmetry and the isospin asymmetry of the B →K*μ+μ- decay. The B →K* transition form factors (TFFs) are key components of the decay. To achieve a more accurate QCD prediction, we adopt a chiral correlator for calculating the QCD light cone sum rules for those TFFs with the purpose of suppressing the uncertain high-twist distribution amplitudes. Our predictions show that the asymmetries under the standard model and the minimal supersymmetric standard model with minimal flavor violation are close in shape for q2≥6 GeV2 and are consistent with the Belle, LHCb, and CDF data within errors. When q2<2 GeV2, their predictions behave quite differently. Thus, a careful study on the B →K*μ+μ- decay within the small q2 region could be helpful for searching new physics beyond the standard model. As a further application, we also apply the B →K* TFFs to the branching ratio and longitudinal polarization fraction of the B →K*ν ν ¯ decay within different models.

Why don't some women return for cervical smears? A hermeneutic phenomenological investigation.

PubMed

Buetow, Stephen; Janes, Ron; Steed, Robin; Ihimaera, Louise; Elley, C Raina

2007-10-01

To enhance understanding of how having a cervical smear can lead some women not to keep up-to-date with this test, a hermeneutic (interpretative) phenomenological study was undertaken. Participants were six purposively selected New Zealand women -- predominantly Māori -- at least 6 months overdue for a follow-up cervical screen in the previous 6 years. Each woman gave an in-depth interview. Transcribed and analyzed via a general inductive approach, the interviews suggested that the smears can violate women's positive aloneness with their bodies, and magnify aloneness as a negative state. Overdueness for the test avoids these effects. To minimize such effects, primary health care needs to acknowledge and address these issues, for example by providing an opportunity to connect the aloneness to trusted others.

The EPR paradox, Bell's inequality, and the question of locality

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Blaylock, Guy

2010-01-01

Most physicists agree that the Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen-Bell paradox exemplifies much of the strange behavior of quantum mechanics, but argument persists about what assumptions underlie the paradox. To clarify what the debate is about, we employ a simple and well-known thought experiment involving two correlated photons to help us focus on the logical assumptions needed to construct the EPR and Bell arguments. The view presented in this paper is that the minimal assumptions behind Bell's inequality are locality and counterfactual definiteness but not scientific realism, determinism, or hidden variables as are often suggested. We further examine the resulting constraints on physical theory with an illustration from the many-worlds interpretation of quantum mechanics—an interpretation that we argue is deterministic, local, and realist but that nonetheless violates the Bell inequality.

The Public Health Implications of Resource Wars

PubMed Central

Klare, Michael T.; Sidel, Victor W.

2011-01-01

Competition for resources between or within nations is likely to become an increasingly common cause of armed conflict. Competition for petroleum is especially likely to trigger armed conflict because petroleum is a highly valuable resource whose supply is destined to contract. Wars fought over petroleum and other resources can create public health concerns by causing morbidity and mortality, damaging societal infrastructure, diverting resources, uprooting people, and violating human rights. Public health workers and the organizations with which they are affiliated can help prevent resource wars and minimize their consequences by (1) promoting renewable energy and conservation, (2) documenting the impact of past and potential future resource wars, (3) protecting the human rights of affected noncombatant civilian populations during armed conflict, and (4) developing and advocating for policies that promote peaceful dispute resolution. PMID:21778501

Risks and benefits of Twitter use by hematologists/oncologists in the era of digital medicine.

PubMed

Attai, Deanna J; Anderson, Patricia F; Fisch, Michael J; Graham, David L; Katz, Matthew S; Kesselheim, Jennifer; Markham, Merry Jennifer; Pennell, Nathan A; Sedrak, Mina S; Thompson, Michael A; Utengen, Audun; Dizon, Don S

2017-10-01

Twitter use by physicians, including those in the hematology-oncology field, is increasing. This microblogging platform provides a means to communicate and collaborate on a global scale. For the oncology professional, an active Twitter presence provides opportunities for continuing medical education, patient engagement and education, personal branding, and reputation management. However, because Twitter is an open, public forum, potential risks such as patient privacy violations, personal information disclosures, professionalism lapses, and time management need to be considered and managed. The authors have summarized the benefits and risks of Twitter use by the hematology-oncology physician. In addition, strategies to maximize benefit and minimize risk are discussed, and resources for additional learning are provided. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

The standard model on non-commutative space-time

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Calmet, X.; Jurčo, B.; Schupp, P.; Wess, J.; Wohlgenannt, M.

2002-03-01

We consider the standard model on a non-commutative space and expand the action in the non-commutativity parameter θ^{μ ν}. No new particles are introduced; the structure group is SU(3)× SU(2)× U(1). We derive the leading order action. At zeroth order the action coincides with the ordinary standard model. At leading order in θ^{μν} we find new vertices which are absent in the standard model on commutative space-time. The most striking features are couplings between quarks, gluons and electroweak bosons and many new vertices in the charged and neutral currents. We find that parity is violated in non-commutative QCD. The Higgs mechanism can be applied. QED is not deformed in the minimal version of the NCSM to the order considered.

Light dark matter in the light of CRESST-II

DOE PAGES

Kopp, Joachim; Schwetz, Thomas; Zupan, Jure

2012-03-01

Recently the CRESST collaboration has published the long anticipated results of their direct Dark Matter (DM) detection experiment with a CaWO 4 target. The number of observed events exceeds known backgrounds at more than 4Σ significance, and this excess could potentially be due to DM scattering. We confront this interpretation with null results from other direct detection experiments for a number of theoretical models, and find that consistency is achieved in non-minimal models such as inelastic DM and isospin-violating DM. In both cases mild tension with constraints remain. The CRESST data can, however, not be reconciled with the null resultsmore » and with the positive signals from DAMA and CoGeNT simultaneously in any of the models we study.« less

Asymmetric dark matter and baryogenesis from pseudoscalar inflation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Cado, Yann; Sabancilar, Eray

2017-04-01

We show that both the baryon asymmetry of the Universe and the dark matter abundance can be explained within a single framework that makes use of maximally helical hypermagnetic fields produced during pseudoscalar inflation and the chiral anomaly in the Standard Model. We consider a minimal asymmetric dark matter model free from anomalies and constraints. We find that the observed baryon and the dark matter abundances are achieved for a wide range of inflationary parameters, and the dark matter mass ranges between 7-15 GeV . The novelty of our mechanism stems from the fact that the same source of CP violation occurring during inflation explains both baryonic and dark matter in the Universe with two inflationary parameters, hence addressing all the initial condition problems in an economical way.

Two Higgs doublet models augmented by a scalar colour octet

DOE PAGES

Cheng, Li; Valencia, German

2016-09-13

The LHC is now studying in detail the couplings of the Higgs boson in order to determine if there is new physics. Many recent studies have examined the available fits to Higgs couplings from the perspective of constraining two Higgs doublet models (2HDM). In this paper we extend those studies to include constraints on the one loop couplings of the Higgs to gluons and photons. These couplings are particularly sensitive to the existence of new coloured particles that are hard to detect otherwise and we use them to constrain a 2HDM augmented with a colour-octet scalar, a possibility motivated bymore » minimal flavour violation. We first study theoretical constraints on this model and then compare them with LHC measurements.« less

Asymmetric dark matter and baryogenesis from pseudoscalar inflation

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Cado, Yann; Sabancilar, Eray, E-mail: yann.cado@epfl.ch, E-mail: eray.sabancilar@epfl.ch

2017-04-01

We show that both the baryon asymmetry of the Universe and the dark matter abundance can be explained within a single framework that makes use of maximally helical hypermagnetic fields produced during pseudoscalar inflation and the chiral anomaly in the Standard Model. We consider a minimal asymmetric dark matter model free from anomalies and constraints. We find that the observed baryon and the dark matter abundances are achieved for a wide range of inflationary parameters, and the dark matter mass ranges between 7–15 GeV . The novelty of our mechanism stems from the fact that the same source of CPmore » violation occurring during inflation explains both baryonic and dark matter in the Universe with two inflationary parameters, hence addressing all the initial condition problems in an economical way.« less

Two Higgs doublet models augmented by a scalar colour octet

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Cheng, Li; Valencia, German

The LHC is now studying in detail the couplings of the Higgs boson in order to determine if there is new physics. Many recent studies have examined the available fits to Higgs couplings from the perspective of constraining two Higgs doublet models (2HDM). In this paper we extend those studies to include constraints on the one loop couplings of the Higgs to gluons and photons. These couplings are particularly sensitive to the existence of new coloured particles that are hard to detect otherwise and we use them to constrain a 2HDM augmented with a colour-octet scalar, a possibility motivated bymore » minimal flavour violation. We first study theoretical constraints on this model and then compare them with LHC measurements.« less

Primary separation between three aircraft using traffic displays

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Chappell, S. L.; Palmer, E. A.

1983-01-01

The use of a sophisticated traffic and map display termed electronic flight rules (EFR) by general aviation pilots for primary seperation in low density airspace is studied. The experimental flights were made under four conditions: with and without sensor noise in the traffic information and with and without communications for traffic coordination. Pilots were required to maintain two miles horizontal and 500 ft vertical separation from other aircraft for 24 different traffic situations repeated randomly for each of the four experimental conditions. Of 1152 aircraft encounters 12.8 percent were in violation of separation minimums. In general, the effects of sensor noise were minimal, communications affected some of the measures, and the group effect was quite significant. When pilots were able to communicate and coordinate their maneuvers, the time to resolve conflict was reduced.

Evaluation of certification in the Milk and Dairy Beef Quality Assurance Program and associated factors on the risk of having violative antibiotic residues in milk from dairy farms in Michigan.

PubMed

Gibbons-Burgener, S N; Kaneene, J B; Lloyd, J W; Erskine, R J

1999-10-01

To determine whether certification in a Milk and Dairy Beef Quality Assurance Program (MDBQAP) was associated with a reduced risk of having antibiotic residues in milk and to define specific management factors that may have predisposed dairy farms to having violative antibiotic residues in milk. 124 dairy farms in Michigan that had > 1 violative residue in milk during 1993 and 248 randomly selected control farms in Michigan that did not have violative residues in milk during 1993. A pretested structured questionnaire was mailed to case and control farms. A conditional multivariate logistic regression model was developed to determine risk factors associated with having a violative antibiotic residue in milk. Certification in the MDBQAP did not significantly reduce the risk of having a violative antibiotic residue. Annual treatment of > 10% of a herd for metritis was associated with a reduced risk of having a violative residue. Evidence suggested that a routine request for a milk processor to perform residue testing was associated with a decreased risk of having had a violative antibiotic residue, but routine on-farm residue testing was associated with an increased risk of having had a residue. MDBQAP certification was associated, although not significantly, with a reduced risk of having violative antibiotic residues in milk. Risk factors significantly associated with violative antibiotic residues are addressed by various critical control points in the MDBQAP and may be indicators for strengths and weaknesses of MDBQAP.

Vehicle impoundment regulations as a means for reducing traffic-violations and road accidents in Israel.

PubMed

Rosenbloom, Tova; Eldror, Ehud

2013-01-01

The vehicle impoundment sanction in Israel is applicable to several violations, and authorizes police officers to impound a vehicle for period of 30 days, in addition to license suspension. This study examined the effects of vehicle impoundment on traffic-violations and road accidents in Israel, using both subjective and objective measures. A telephone survey was administered to 378 impounded drivers, examining their knowledge and support of the impoundment penalty, as well as the impoundment's effect on their daily life and subsequent driving behaviors. Survey results indicated most impounded drivers did not recognize the violations to which impoundment applies. Respondents described the impoundment experience as one, which interfered with a variety of daily life aspects, and eventually lead them to the adoption of safer driving behaviors. Additionally, data analysis of police records was performed on 1549 impounded drivers and 1354 controls with matching violations performed prior to the application of the impoundment regulation, comparing accident and traffic-violations involvement in the subsequent year. Results indicated that impoundment failed to yield a significant effect over subsequent accident involvement, compared to previous sanctions. A comparison of subsequent traffic-violations indicated lower rates of violations following impoundment as compared with previous sanctions. Specifically, drivers whose vehicle was impounded were less likely to commit traffic violations in the following year than drivers subjected to other sanctions. The results are explained according to psychological behavioral theories of punishment effectiveness. These findings provide further support for impoundment as a deterrent for several traffic-violations. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Left cytoarchitectonic BA 44 processes syntactic gender violations in determiner phrases.

PubMed

Heim, Stefan; van Ermingen, Muna; Huber, Walter; Amunts, Katrin

2010-10-01

Recent neuroimaging studies make contradictory predictions about the involvement of left Brodmann's area (BA) 44 in processing local syntactic violations in determiner phrases (DPs). Some studies suggest a role for BA 44 in detecting local syntactic violations, whereas others attribute this function to the left premotor cortex. Therefore, the present event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study investigated whether left-cytoarchitectonic BA 44 was activated when German DPs involving syntactic gender violations were compared with correct DPs (correct: 'der Baum'-the[masculine] tree[masculine]; violated: 'das Baum'--the[neuter] tree[masculine]). Grammaticality judgements were made for both visual and auditory DPs to be able to generalize the results across modalities. Grammaticality judgements involved, among others, left BA 44 and left BA 6 in the premotor cortex for visual and auditory stimuli. Most importantly, activation in left BA 44 was consistently higher for violated than for correct DPs. This finding was behaviourally corroborated by longer reaction times for violated versus correct DPs. Additional brain regions, showing the same effect, included left premotor cortex, supplementary motor area, right middle and superior frontal cortex, and left cerebellum. Based on earlier findings from the literature, the results indicate the involvement of left BA 44 in processing local syntactic violations when these include morphological features, whereas left premotor cortex seems crucial for the detection of local word category violations. © 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

Common Traffic Violations of Bus Drivers in Urban China: An Observational Study.

PubMed

Wang, Qiqi; Zhang, Wei; Yang, Rendong; Huang, Yuanxiu; Zhang, Lin; Ning, Peishan; Cheng, Xunjie; Schwebel, David C; Hu, Guoqing; Yao, Hongyan

2015-01-01

To report common traffic violations in bus drivers and the factors that influence those violations in urban China. We conducted an observational study to record three types of traffic violations among bus drivers in Changsha City, China: illegal stopping at bus stations, violating traffic light signals, and distracted driving. The behaviors of bus drivers on 32 routes (20% of bus routes in the city) were observed. A two-level Poisson regression examined factors that predicted bus driver violations. The incidence of illegal stopping at bus stations was 20.2%. Illegal stopping was less frequent on weekends, sunny days, and at stations with cameras, with adjusted incidence rate ratios (IRRs) of 0.81, 0.65 and 0.89, respectively. The incidence of violating traffic light signals was 2.2%, and was lower on cloudy than sunny days (adjusted IRR: 0.60). The incidence of distracted driving was 3.3%. The incidence of distracted driving was less common on cloudy days, rainy or snowy days, and foggy/windy/dusty days compared to sunny days, with adjusted IRRs of 0.54, 0.55 and 0.07, respectively. Traffic violations are common in bus drivers in urban China and they are associated with the date, weather, and presence of traffic cameras at bus station. Further studies are recommended to understand the behavioral mechanisms that may explain bus driver violations and to develop feasible prevention measures.

Do abundance distributions and species aggregation correctly predict macroecological biodiversity patterns in tropical forests?

PubMed Central

Wiegand, Thorsten; Lehmann, Sebastian; Huth, Andreas; Fortin, Marie‐Josée

2016-01-01

Abstract Aim It has been recently suggested that different ‘unified theories of biodiversity and biogeography’ can be characterized by three common ‘minimal sufficient rules’: (1) species abundance distributions follow a hollow curve, (2) species show intraspecific aggregation, and (3) species are independently placed with respect to other species. Here, we translate these qualitative rules into a quantitative framework and assess if these minimal rules are indeed sufficient to predict multiple macroecological biodiversity patterns simultaneously. Location Tropical forest plots in Barro Colorado Island (BCI), Panama, and in Sinharaja, Sri Lanka. Methods We assess the predictive power of the three rules using dynamic and spatial simulation models in combination with census data from the two forest plots. We use two different versions of the model: (1) a neutral model and (2) an extended model that allowed for species differences in dispersal distances. In a first step we derive model parameterizations that correctly represent the three minimal rules (i.e. the model quantitatively matches the observed species abundance distribution and the distribution of intraspecific aggregation). In a second step we applied the parameterized models to predict four additional spatial biodiversity patterns. Results Species‐specific dispersal was needed to quantitatively fulfil the three minimal rules. The model with species‐specific dispersal correctly predicted the species–area relationship, but failed to predict the distance decay, the relationship between species abundances and aggregations, and the distribution of a spatial co‐occurrence index of all abundant species pairs. These results were consistent over the two forest plots. Main conclusions The three ‘minimal sufficient’ rules only provide an incomplete approximation of the stochastic spatial geometry of biodiversity in tropical forests. The assumption of independent interspecific placements is most likely violated in many forests due to shared or distinct habitat preferences. Furthermore, our results highlight missing knowledge about the relationship between species abundances and their aggregation. PMID:27667967

40 CFR 91.1106 - Penalties.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

.... (1) A person who violates § 91.1103 (a)(1), (a)(4), or (a)(5), or a manufacturer or dealer who violates § 91.1103(a)(3)(i), is subject to a civil penalty of not more than $32,500 for each violation. (2) A person other than a manufacturer or dealer who violates § 91.1103(a)(3)(i) or any person who...

49 CFR Appendix B to Part 386 - Penalty Schedule; Violations and Monetary Penalties

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 49 Transportation 5 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Penalty Schedule; Violations and Monetary... subject to a civil penalty not to exceed $2,750. (5) Violation of 49 CFR 392.5. A driver placed out of service for 24 hours for violating the alcohol prohibitions of 49 CFR 392.5(a) or (b) who drives during...

49 CFR Appendix B to Part 386 - Penalty Schedule; Violations and Monetary Penalties

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 49 Transportation 5 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Penalty Schedule; Violations and Monetary... subject to a civil penalty not to exceed $2,750. (5) Violation of 49 CFR 392.5. A driver placed out of service for 24 hours for violating the alcohol prohibitions of 49 CFR 392.5(a) or (b) who drives during...

Lorentz violation and Faddeev-Popov ghosts

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Altschul, B.

2006-02-15

We consider how Lorentz-violating interactions in the Faddeev-Popov ghost sector will affect scalar QED. The behavior depends sensitively on whether the gauge symmetry is spontaneously broken. If the symmetry is not broken, Lorentz violations in the ghost sector are unphysical, but if there is spontaneous breaking, radiative corrections will induce Lorentz-violating and gauge-dependent terms in other sectors of the theory.

From "Simply Bad Luck" to "Seeking State Compensation": Recent Progress in Combating Sexual Violations in Taiwanese Schools

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hsiao, Jau-Jiun

2014-01-01

This article describes Taiwan's recent progress against sexual violations in schools, using the author's personal experience with case investigation work to observe changes in the sexual violation prevention landscape. Fifteen years ago, schools in Taiwan were either at a loss about how to handle sexual violation cases, or they engaged in passive…

42 CFR 93.515 - Actions for violating an order or for disruptive conduct.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 42 Public Health 1 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Actions for violating an order or for disruptive... Misconduct and HHS Administrative Actions Hearing Process § 93.515 Actions for violating an order or for disruptive conduct. (a) The ALJ may take action against any party in the proceeding for violating an order or...

Proxemics in Public: Space Violations as a Function of Dyad Composition.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lomax, Crystal M.; And Others

A study assessed whether space violations of women occur even when women do not yield their space, and further examined who violated the space of women when it was violated. Two persons of average height and weight (either a male-male, male-female, or female-female combination) were positioned across from each other in a busy hallway such that…

Alcohol violations and aviation accidents: findings from the U.S. mandatory alcohol testing program.

PubMed

Li, Guohua; Baker, Susan P; Qiang, Yandong; Rebok, George W; McCarthy, Melissa L

2007-05-01

Mandatory alcohol testing has been implemented in the U.S. aviation industry since 1995. This study documents the prevalence of alcohol violations and the association between alcohol violations and aviation accidents among aviation employees with safety-sensitive functions. Data from the random alcohol testing and post-accident alcohol testing programs reported by major airlines to the Federal Aviation Administration for the years 1995 through 2002 were analyzed. A violation was defined as an alcohol level of > or = 0.04% or a refusal to submit to testing. Relative and attributable risks of accident involvement associated with alcohol violations were estimated using the case-control method. During the study period, random alcohol testing yielded a total of 440 violations, with an overall prevalence rate of 0.09% and a prevalence rate of 0.03% for flight crews. Alcohol violations were associated with an increased yet not statistically significant risk of accident involvement (odds ratio 2.56, 95% confidence interval 0.81-7.08) and were attributed to 0.13% of aviation accidents. Alcohol violations among U.S. major airline employees with safety-sensitive functions are rare and play a negligible role in aviation accidents.

Alcohol Violations and Aviation Accidents: Findings from the U.S. Mandatory Alcohol Testing Program

PubMed Central

Li, Guohua; Baker, Susan P.; Qiang, Yandong; Rebok, George W.; McCarthy, Melissa L.

2007-01-01

Introduction: Mandatory alcohol testing has been implemented in the U.S. aviation industry since 1995. This study documents the prevalence of alcohol violations and the association between alcohol violations and aviation accidents among aviation employees with safety-sensitive functions. Methods: Data from the random alcohol testing and post-accident alcohol testing programs reported by major airlines to the Federal Aviation Administration for the years 1995 through 2002 were analyzed. A violation was defined as an alcohol level of ≥ 0.04% or a refusal to submit to testing. Relative and attributable risks of accident involvement associated with alcohol violations were estimated using the case-control method. Results: During the study period, random alcohol testing yielded a total of 440 violations, with an overall prevalence rate of 0.09% and a prevalence rate of 0.03% for flight crews. Alcohol violations were associated with an increased yet not statistically significant risk of accident involvement (odds ratio 2.56, 95% confidence interval 0.81–7.08) and were attributed to 0.13% of aviation accidents. Discussion: Alcohol violations among U.S. major airline employees with safety-sensitive functions are rare and play a negligible role in aviation accidents. PMID:17539446

A plea for "variational neuroethology". Comment on "Answering Schrödinger's question: A free-energy formulation" by M.J. Desormeau Ramstead et al.

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Daunizeau, Jean

2018-03-01

What is life? According to Erwin Schrödinger [13], the living cell departs from other physical systems in that it - apparently - resists the second law of thermodynamics by restricting the dynamical repertoire (minimizing the entropy) of its physiological states. This is a physical rephrasing of Claude Bernard's biological notion of homeostasis, namely: the capacity of living systems to self-organize in order to maintain the stability of their internal milieu despite uninterrupted exchanges with an ever-altering external environment [2]. The important point here is that physical systems can neither identify nor prevent a state of high entropy. The Free Energy Principle or FEP was originally proposed as a mathematical description of how the brain actually solves this issue [4]. In line with the Bayesian brain hypothesis, the FEP views the brain as a hierarchical statistical learning machine, endowed with the imperative of minimizing Free Energy, i.e. prediction error. Action prescription under the FEP, however, does not follow standard Bayesian decision theory. Rather, action is assumed to further minimize Free Energy, which makes the active brain a self-fulfilling prophecy machine [6]. This is adaptive, under the assumption that evolution has equipped the brain with innate priors centered on homeostatic set points. In turn, avoiding (surprising) violations of such prior predictions implements homeostatic regulation [10], which becomes increasingly anticipatory as learning unfolds over the course of ontological development [5].

Minimally flavored colored scalar in and the mass matrices constraints

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Doršner, Ilja; Fajfer, Svjetlana; Košnik, Nejc; Nišandžić, Ivan

2013-11-01

The presence of a colored scalar that is a weak doublet with fractional electric charges of | Q| = 2 /3 and | Q| = 5 /3 with mass below 1 TeV can provide an explanation of the observed branching ratios in decays. The required combination of scalar and tensor operators in the effective Hamiltonian for is generated through the t-channel exchange. We focus on a scenario with a minimal set of Yukawa couplings that can address a semitauonic puzzle and show that its resolution puts a nontrivial bound on the product of the scalar couplings to and . We also derive additional constraints posed by , muon magnetic moment, lepton flavor violating decays μ → eγ, τ → μγ, τ → eγ, and τ electric dipole moment. The minimal set of Yukawa couplings is not only compatible with the mass generation in an SU(5) unification framework, a natural environment for colored scalars, but specifies all matter mixing parameters except for one angle in the up-type quark sector. We accordingly spell out predictions for the proton decay signatures through gauge boson exchange and show that p → π0 e + is suppressed with respect to and even p → K 0 e + in some parts of available parameter space. Impact of the colored scalar embedding in 45-dimensional representation of SU(5) on low-energy phenomenology is also presented. Finally, we make predictions for rare top and charm decays where presence of this scalar can be tested independently.

An analysis of violations of Osha's (1987) occupational exposure to benzene standard.

PubMed

Williams, Pamela R D

2014-01-01

The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), which was formed by the Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970 (OSH Act), establishes enforceable health and safety standards in the workplace and issues violations and penalties for non-compliance with these standards. The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the number and type of violations of the OSHA (1987) Occupational Exposure to Benzene Standard. Violations of the OSHA Hazard Communication Standard (HCS), particularly those that may pertain to specific provisions of the benzene standard, were also assessed. All analyses were based on OSHA inspection data that have been collected since the early 1970s and that are publicly available from the U.S. Department of Labor enforcement website. Analysis of these data shows that fewer than a thousand OSHA violations of the benzene standard have been issued over the last 25+ years. The results for benzene are in contrast to those for some other toxic and hazardous substances that are regulated by OSHA, such as blood-borne pathogens, lead, and asbestos, for which there have been issued tens of thousands of OSHA violations. The number of benzene standard violations also varies by time period, standard provision, industry sector, and other factors. In particular, the greatest number of benzene standard violations occurred during the late 1980s to early/mid 1990s, soon after the 1987 final benzene rule was promulgated. The majority of benzene standard violations also pertain to noncompliance with specific provisions and subprovisions of the standard dealing with initial exposure monitoring requirements, the communication of hazards to employees, and medical surveillance programs. Only a small fraction of HCS violations are attributed, at least in part, to potential benzene hazards in the workplace. In addition, most benzene standard violations are associated with specific industries within the manufacturing sector where benzene or benzene-containing products may be used or produced during production processes, such as petroleum refineries, metal industries, and chemical companies. Not surprisingly, the greatest number of benzene standard violations have been issued to private facility owners (rather than government entities), given that the OSH Act primarily covers private sector employers. More violations have also been issued during inspections where union representation was present and from complaint-driven (vs. planned or other) inspections, which is consistent with OSHA inspection priorities. Violations of the benzene standard have typically involved a single instance per facility and 10 or fewer exposed employees. Because the OSH Act prescribes penalty caps for citations, initial penalties issued for noncompliance with the benzene standard have generally been less than $5,000 per violation. Despite some potential limitations, the OSHA inspection database contains the best available data for assessing historical and current violations of the benzene standard. These data, which have not been previously analyzed or published for benzene, may be of interest to professionals and practitioners involved in benzene risk assessment, risk management, and/or public policy issues.

Usability of a patient education and motivation tool using heuristic evaluation.

PubMed

Joshi, Ashish; Arora, Mohit; Dai, Liwei; Price, Kathleen; Vizer, Lisa; Sears, Andrew

2009-11-06

Computer-mediated educational applications can provide a self-paced, interactive environment to deliver educational content to individuals about their health condition. These programs have been used to deliver health-related information about a variety of topics, including breast cancer screening, asthma management, and injury prevention. We have designed the Patient Education and Motivation Tool (PEMT), an interactive computer-based educational program based on behavioral, cognitive, and humanistic learning theories. The tool is designed to educate users and has three key components: screening, learning, and evaluation. The objective of this tutorial is to illustrate a heuristic evaluation using a computer-based patient education program (PEMT) as a case study. The aims were to improve the usability of PEMT through heuristic evaluation of the interface; to report the results of these usability evaluations; to make changes based on the findings of the usability experts; and to describe the benefits and limitations of applying usability evaluations to PEMT. PEMT was evaluated by three usability experts using Nielsen's usability heuristics while reviewing the interface to produce a list of heuristic violations with severity ratings. The violations were sorted by heuristic and ordered from most to least severe within each heuristic. A total of 127 violations were identified with a median severity of 3 (range 0 to 4 with 0 = no problem to 4 = catastrophic problem). Results showed 13 violations for visibility (median severity = 2), 38 violations for match between system and real world (median severity = 2), 6 violations for user control and freedom (median severity = 3), 34 violations for consistency and standards (median severity = 2), 11 violations for error severity (median severity = 3), 1 violation for recognition and control (median severity = 3), 7 violations for flexibility and efficiency (median severity = 2), 9 violations for aesthetic and minimalist design (median severity = 2), 4 violations for help users recognize, diagnose, and recover from errors (median severity = 3), and 4 violations for help and documentation (median severity = 4). We describe the heuristic evaluation method employed to assess the usability of PEMT, a method which uncovers heuristic violations in the interface design in a quick and efficient manner. Bringing together usability experts and health professionals to evaluate a computer-mediated patient education program can help to identify problems in a timely manner. This makes this method particularly well suited to the iterative design process when developing other computer-mediated health education programs. Heuristic evaluations provided a means to assess the user interface of PEMT.

Usability of a Patient Education and Motivation Tool Using Heuristic Evaluation

PubMed Central

Arora, Mohit; Dai, Liwei; Price, Kathleen; Vizer, Lisa; Sears, Andrew

2009-01-01

Background Computer-mediated educational applications can provide a self-paced, interactive environment to deliver educational content to individuals about their health condition. These programs have been used to deliver health-related information about a variety of topics, including breast cancer screening, asthma management, and injury prevention. We have designed the Patient Education and Motivation Tool (PEMT), an interactive computer-based educational program based on behavioral, cognitive, and humanistic learning theories. The tool is designed to educate users and has three key components: screening, learning, and evaluation. Objective The objective of this tutorial is to illustrate a heuristic evaluation using a computer-based patient education program (PEMT) as a case study. The aims were to improve the usability of PEMT through heuristic evaluation of the interface; to report the results of these usability evaluations; to make changes based on the findings of the usability experts; and to describe the benefits and limitations of applying usability evaluations to PEMT. Methods PEMT was evaluated by three usability experts using Nielsen’s usability heuristics while reviewing the interface to produce a list of heuristic violations with severity ratings. The violations were sorted by heuristic and ordered from most to least severe within each heuristic. Results A total of 127 violations were identified with a median severity of 3 (range 0 to 4 with 0 = no problem to 4 = catastrophic problem). Results showed 13 violations for visibility (median severity = 2), 38 violations for match between system and real world (median severity = 2), 6 violations for user control and freedom (median severity = 3), 34 violations for consistency and standards (median severity = 2), 11 violations for error severity (median severity = 3), 1 violation for recognition and control (median severity = 3), 7 violations for flexibility and efficiency (median severity = 2), 9 violations for aesthetic and minimalist design (median severity = 2), 4 violations for help users recognize, diagnose, and recover from errors (median severity = 3), and 4 violations for help and documentation (median severity = 4). Conclusion We describe the heuristic evaluation method employed to assess the usability of PEMT, a method which uncovers heuristic violations in the interface design in a quick and efficient manner. Bringing together usability experts and health professionals to evaluate a computer-mediated patient education program can help to identify problems in a timely manner. This makes this method particularly well suited to the iterative design process when developing other computer-mediated health education programs. Heuristic evaluations provided a means to assess the user interface of PEMT. PMID:19897458

The Impact of Perceptions of Ethical Leadership Styles on Perceptions of Police Integrity Violations: The Case of Diyarbakir Police

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Guclu, Timur

2013-01-01

This study has two main areas: first, the study evaluates whether the ethical leadership style of a direct supervisor has an impact on the police officers' perception of the integrity violations; second, the study scrutinizes whether police officers' moral judgment of integrity violations makes a difference in the amount of such violations. The…

Driving violations and health promotion behaviors among undergraduate students: Self-report of on-road behavior.

PubMed

Korn, Liat; Weiss, Yossi; Rosenbloom, Tova

2017-11-17

The purposes of this study are to characterize Israeli undergraduate students' driving violations in the terms of problem behavior theory and to identify whether there is any relationship between driving violations and health risk behaviors, daring behaviors, excitement seeking, and health promotion behaviors. This study is based on a structured self-reported anonymous questionnaire distributed to undergraduate students in an academic institution. The sample included 533 undergraduate students (374 females and 159 males). The mean age was 23.4 (SD = 1.4, range = 5). A higher prevalence of self-reported driving violations was found among males in comparison to females. All substance use measures were positively related to driving violations; for example, use of cigarettes (OR = 4.287, P <.001) and water pipes (odds ratio [OR] = 3.000, P <.001) as well as binge drinking (OR = 5.707, P <.001) and regular cannabis smoking (OR = 5.667, P <.001) raise the probability of committing rare driving violations. The strongest predictive factors for the frequent driving violations group were alcohol consumption-related variables: binge drinking (OR = 2.560, P <.01) and drunkenness (OR = 2.284, P <.05). Strong odd ratios were also found between the frequent driving violations group and selling or dealing drugs (12.143, P <.001), and stealing something valuable (13.680, P <.001). The strongest predicted variable for the rare driving violations group was physical confrontation due to verbal disagreement (3.439, P <.05) and the concept that selling or dealing drugs is socially acceptable (2.521, P <.05). The probability of executing rare driving violations was higher for subjects who reported intense physical workout regimens (OR = 1.638, P <.05). Problem behavior theory succeeded in explaining health risk behavior and driving violations. This study shows that bachelors tend to be more involved in risk behaviors, such as substance use, excitement-seeking behaviors, and daring behaviors and are active physically and thus constitute a risk group for driving violations. As such, intervention resources should be directed toward this group.

Achievement Place: experiments in self-government with pre-delinquents.

PubMed

Fixsen, D L; Phillips, E L; Wolf, M M

1973-01-01

One of the goals of many treatment programs for pre-delinquent youths is the development of the skills involved in the democratic decision-making process. At Achievement Place, one aspect of the treatment program is a semi-self-government system whereby the seven pre-delinquent youths can democratically establish many of their own rules of behavior, monitor their peers' behavior to detect violations of their rules, and conduct a "trial" to determine a rule violator's guilt or innocence, and to determine the consequences for a youth who violates a rule. Two experiments were carried out to determine the role of some of the procedures in the boys' participation in the self-government system. Experiment I showed that more boys participated in the discussion of consequences for a rule violation when they had complete responsibility for setting the consequence during the trials than when the teaching-parents set the consequence for each rule violation before the trial. An analysis of the rule violations in this experiment indicated that the boys in Achievement Place reported more of the rule violations that resulted in trials than reported by the teaching-parents or school personnel. The boys reported rule violations that occurred in the community and school as well as at Achievement Place, including most of the serious rule violations that came to the attention of the teaching-parents. In Experiment II, the results indicated that more trials were called when the teaching-parents were responsible for calling trials on rule violations reported by the peers than when the boys were responsible for calling trials. When the youths earned points for calling trials the average number of trials per day increased, but more trivial rule violations were reported. These results suggest that aspects of the democratic decision-making process in a small group of pre-delinquents can be studied and variables that affect participation can be identified and evaluated.

Predicting Regulatory Compliance in Beer Advertising on Facebook.

PubMed

Noel, Jonathan K; Babor, Thomas F

2017-11-01

The prevalence of alcohol advertising has been growing on social media platforms. The purpose of this study was to evaluate alcohol advertising on Facebook for regulatory compliance and thematic content. A total of 50 Budweiser and Bud Light ads posted on Facebook within 1 month of the 2015 NFL Super Bowl were evaluated for compliance with a self-regulated alcohol advertising code and for thematic content. An exploratory sensitivity/specificity analysis was conducted to determine if thematic content could predict code violations. The code violation rate was 82%, with violations prevalent in guidelines prohibiting the association of alcohol with success (Guideline 5) and health benefits (Guideline 3). Overall, 21 thematic content areas were identified. Displaying the product (62%) and adventure/sensation seeking (52%) were the most prevalent. There was perfect specificity (100%) for 10 content areas for detecting any code violation (animals, negative emotions, positive emotions, games/contests/promotions, female characters, minorities, party, sexuality, night-time, sunrise) and high specificity (>80%) for 10 content areas for detecting violations of guidelines intended to protect minors (animals, negative emotions, famous people, friendship, games/contests/promotions, minorities, responsibility messages, sexuality, sunrise, video games). The high prevalence of code violations indicates a failure of self-regulation to prevent potentially harmful content from appearing in alcohol advertising, including explicit code violations (e.g. sexuality). Routine violations indicate an unwillingness to restrict advertising content for public health purposes, and statutory restrictions may be necessary to sufficiently deter alcohol producers from repeatedly violating marketing codes. Violations of a self-regulated alcohol advertising code are prevalent in a sample of beer ads published on Facebook near the US National Football League's Super Bowl. Overall, 16 thematic content areas demonstrated high specificity for code violations. Alcohol advertising codes should be updated to expressly prohibit the use of such content. © The Author 2017. Medical Council on Alcohol and Oxford University Press. All rights reserved.

Effect of a Manager Training and Certification Program on Food Safety and Hygiene in Food Service Operations

PubMed Central

Kassa, Hailu; Silverman, Gary S.; Baroudi, Karim

2010-01-01

Food safety is an important public health issue in the U.S. Eating at restaurants and other food service facilities increasingly has been associated with food borne disease outbreaks. Food safety training and certification of food mangers has been used as a method for reducing food safety violations at food service facilities. However, the literature is inconclusive about the effectiveness of such training programs for improving food safety and protecting consumer health. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of food manger training on reducing food safety violations. We examined food inspection reports from the Toledo/Lucas County Health Department (Ohio) from March 2005 through February 2006 and compared food hygiene violations between food service facilities with certified and without certified food managers. We also examined the impact on food safety of a food service facility being part of a larger group of facilities. Restaurants with trained and certified food managers had significantly fewer critical food safety violations but more non-critical violations than restaurants without certified personnel. Institutional food service facilities had significantly fewer violations than restaurants, and the number of violations did not differ as a function of certification. Similarly, restaurants with many outlets had significantly fewer violations than restaurants with fewer outlets, and training was not associated with lower numbers of violations from restaurants with many outlets. The value of having certified personnel was only observed in independent restaurants and those with few branches. This information may be useful in indicating where food safety problems are most likely to occur. Furthermore, we recommend that those characteristics of institutional and chain restaurants that result in fewer violations should be identified in future research, and efforts made to apply this knowledge at the level of individual restaurants. PMID:20523880

Effect of a manager training and certification program on food safety and hygiene in food service operations.

PubMed

Kassa, Hailu; Silverman, Gary S; Baroudi, Karim

2010-05-06

Food safety is an important public health issue in the U.S. Eating at restaurants and other food service facilities increasingly has been associated with food borne disease outbreaks. Food safety training and certification of food mangers has been used as a method for reducing food safety violations at food service facilities. However, the literature is inconclusive about the effectiveness of such training programs for improving food safety and protecting consumer health. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of food manger training on reducing food safety violations. We examined food inspection reports from the Toledo/Lucas County Health Department (Ohio) from March 2005 through February 2006 and compared food hygiene violations between food service facilities with certified and without certified food managers. We also examined the impact on food safety of a food service facility being part of a larger group of facilities.Restaurants with trained and certified food managers had significantly fewer critical food safety violations but more non-critical violations than restaurants without certified personnel. Institutional food service facilities had significantly fewer violations than restaurants, and the number of violations did not differ as a function of certification. Similarly, restaurants with many outlets had significantly fewer violations than restaurants with fewer outlets, and training was not associated with lower numbers of violations from restaurants with many outlets. The value of having certified personnel was only observed in independent restaurants and those with few branches. This information may be useful in indicating where food safety problems are most likely to occur. Furthermore, we recommend that those characteristics of institutional and chain restaurants that result in fewer violations should be identified in future research, and efforts made to apply this knowledge at the level of individual restaurants.

How embarrassing! The behavioral and neural correlates of processing social norm violations

PubMed Central

van Steenbergen, Henk; Kreuk, Tanja; van der Wee, Nic J. A.; Westenberg, P. Michiel

2017-01-01

Social norms are important for human social interactions, and violations of these norms are evaluated partly on the intention of the actor. Here, we describe the revised Social Norm Processing Task (SNPT-R), a paradigm enabling the study of behavioral and neural responses to intended and unintended social norm violations among both adults and adolescents. We investigated how participants (adolescents and adults, n = 87) rate intentional and unintentional social norm violations with respect to inappropriateness and embarrassment, and we examined the brain activation patterns underlying the processing of these transgressions in an independent sample of 21 adults using functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI). We hypothesized to find activation within the medial prefrontal cortex, temporo-parietal cortex and orbitofrontal cortex in response to both intentional and unintentional social norm violations, with more pronounced activation for the intentional social norm violations in these regions and in the amygdala. Participants’ ratings confirmed the hypothesis that the three types of stories are evaluated differently with respect to intentionality: intentional social norm violations were rated as the most inappropriate and most embarrassing. Furthermore, fMRI results showed that reading stories on intentional and unintentional social norm violations evoked activation within the frontal pole, the paracingulate gyrus and the superior frontal gyrus. In addition, processing unintentional social norm violations was associated with activation in, among others, the orbitofrontal cortex, middle frontal gyrus and superior parietal lobule, while reading intentional social norm violations was related to activation in the left amygdala. These regions have been previously implicated in thinking about one’s self, thinking about others and moral reasoning. Together, these findings indicate that the SNPT-R could serve as a useful paradigm for examining social norm processing, both at the behavioral and the neural level. PMID:28441460

Beyond Flint: National Trends in Drinking Water Quality Violations

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Allaire, M.; Wu, H.; Lall, U.

2016-12-01

Ensuring safe water supply for communities across the U.S. represents an emerging challenge. Aging infrastructure, impaired source water, and strained community finances may increase vulnerability of water systems to quality violations. In the aftermath of Flint, there is a great need to assess the current state of U.S. drinking water quality. How widespread are violations? What are the spatial and temporal patterns in water quality? Which types of communities and systems are most vulnerable? This is the first national assessment of trends in drinking water quality violations across several decades. In 2015, 9% of community water systems violated health-related water quality standards. These non-compliant systems served nearly 23 million people. Thus, the challenge of providing safe drinking water extends beyond Flint and represents a nationwide concern. We use a panel dataset that includes every community water system in the United States from 1981 to 2010 to identify factors that lead to regulatory noncompliance. This study focuses on health-related violations of the Safe Drinking Water Act. Lasso regression informed selection of appropriate covariates, while logistic regressions modeled the probability of noncompliance. We find that compliance is positively associated with private ownership, purchased water supply, and greater household income. Yet, greater concentration of utility ownership and violations in prior years are associated with a higher likelihood of violation. The results suggest that purchased water contracts, which are growing among small utilities, could serve as a way to improve regulatory compliance in the future. However, persistence of violations and ownership concentration deserve attention from policymakers. Already, the EPA has begun to prioritize enforcement of persistent violators. Overall, as the revitalization of U.S. water infrastructure becomes a growing priority area, results of this study are intended to inform investment and policy.

Human rights violations and smoking status among South African adults enrolled in the South Africa Stress and Health (SASH) study.

PubMed

Dutra, Lauren M; Williams, David R; Gupta, Jhumka; Kawachi, Ichiro; Okechukwu, Cassandra A

2014-03-01

Despite South Africa's history of violent political conflict, and the link between stressful experiences and smoking in the literature, no public health study has examined South Africans' experiences of human rights violations and smoking. Using data from participants in the nationally representative cross-sectional South Africa Stress and Health study (SASH), this analysis examined the association between respondent smoking status and both human rights violations experienced by the respondent and violations experienced by the respondents' close friends and family members. SAS-Callable SUDAAN was used to construct separate log-binomial models by political affiliation during apartheid (government or liberation supporters). In comparison to those who reported no violations, in adjusted analyses, government supporters who reported violations of themselves but not others (RR = 1.76, 95% CI: 1.25-2.46) had a significantly higher smoking prevalence. In comparison to liberation supporters who reported no violations, those who reported violations of self only (RR = 1.56, 95%CI: 1.07-2.29), close others only (RR = 1.97, 95%CI: 1.12-3.47), or violations of self and close others due to close others' political beliefs and the respondent's political beliefs (RR = 2.86, 95%CI: 1.70-4.82) had a significantly higher prevalence of smoking. The results of this analysis suggest that a relationship may exist between human rights violations and smoking among South Africa adults. Future research should use longitudinal data to assess causality, test the generalizability of these findings, and consider how to apply these findings to smoking cessation interventions. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Difference in direct charge-parity violation between charged and neutral B meson decays.

PubMed

Lin, S-W; Unno, Y; Hou, W-S; Chang, P; Adachi, I; Aihara, H; Akai, K; Arinstein, K; Aulchenko, V; Aushev, T; Aziz, T; Bakich, A M; Balagura, V; Barberio, E; Bay, A; Bedny, I; Bitenc, U; Bondar, A; Bozek, A; Bracko, M; Browder, T E; Chang, M-C; Chao, Y; Chen, A; Chen, K-F; Chen, W T; Cheon, B G; Chiang, C-C; Chistov, R; Cho, I-S; Choi, S-K; Choi, Y; Choi, Y K; Cole, S; Dalseno, J; Danilov, M; Dash, M; Drutskoy, A; Eidelman, S; Epifanov, D; Fratina, S; Fujikawa, M; Furukawa, K; Gabyshev, N; Goldenzweig, P; Golob, B; Ha, H; Haba, J; Hara, T; Hayasaka, K; Hayashii, H; Hazumi, M; Heffernan, D; Hokuue, T; Hoshi, Y; Hsiung, Y B; Hyun, H J; Iijima, T; Ikado, K; Inami, K; Ishikawa, A; Ishino, H; Itoh, R; Iwabuchi, M; Iwasaki, M; Iwasaki, Y; Kah, D H; Kaji, H; Kataoka, S U; Kawai, H; Kawasaki, T; Kibayashi, A; Kichimi, H; Kikutani, E; Kim, H J; Kim, S K; Kim, Y J; Kinoshita, K; Korpar, S; Kozakai, Y; Krizan, P; Krokovny, P; Kumar, R; Kuo, C C; Kuzmin, A; Kwon, Y-J; Lee, M J; Lee, S E; Lesiak, T; Li, J; Liu, Y; Liventsev, D; Mandl, F; Marlow, D; McOnie, S; Medvedeva, T; Mimashi, T; Mitaroff, W; Miyabayashi, K; Miyake, H; Miyazaki, Y; Mizuk, R; Mori, T; Nakamura, T T; Nakano, E; Nakao, M; Nakazawa, H; Nishida, S; Nitoh, O; Noguchi, S; Nozaki, T; Ogawa, S; Ogawa, Y; Ohshima, T; Okuno, S; Olsen, S L; Ozaki, H; Pakhlova, G; Park, C W; Park, H; Peak, L S; Pestotnik, R; Peters, M; Piilonen, L E; Poluektov, A; Sahoo, H; Sakai, Y; Schneider, O; Schümann, J; Schwartz, A J; Seidl, R; Senyo, K; Sevior, M E; Shapkin, M; Shen, C P; Shibuya, H; Shidara, T; Shinomiya, S; Shiu, J-G; Shwartz, B; Singh, J B; Sokolov, A; Somov, A; Stanic, S; Staric, M; Sumisawa, K; Sumiyoshi, T; Suzuki, S; Tajima, O; Takasaki, F; Tamura, N; Tanaka, M; Tawada, M; Taylor, G N; Teramoto, Y; Tikhomirov, I; Trabelsi, K; Uehara, S; Ueno, K; Uglov, T; Uno, S; Urquijo, P; Ushiroda, Y; Usov, Y; Varner, G; Varvell, K E; Vervink, K; Villa, S; Wang, C C; Wang, C H; Wang, M-Z; Watanabe, Y; Wedd, R; Wicht, J; Won, E; Yabsley, B D; Yamaguchi, A; Yamashita, Y; Yamauchi, M; Yoshida, M; Yuan, C Z; Yusa, Y; Zhang, C C; Zhang, Z P; Zhilich, V; Zhulanov, V; Zupanc, A

2008-03-20

Equal amounts of matter and antimatter are predicted to have been produced in the Big Bang, but our observable Universe is clearly matter-dominated. One of the prerequisites for understanding this elimination of antimatter is the nonconservation of charge-parity (CP) symmetry. So far, two types of CP violation have been observed in the neutral K meson (K(0)) and B meson (B(0)) systems: CP violation involving the mixing between K(0) and its antiparticle (and likewise for B(0) and ), and direct CP violation in the decay of each meson. The observed effects for both types of CP violation are substantially larger for the B(0) meson system. However, they are still consistent with the standard model of particle physics, which has a unique source of CP violation that is known to be too small to account for the matter-dominated Universe. Here we report that the direct CP violation in charged B(+/-)-->K(+/-)pi(0) decay is different from that in the neutral B(0) counterpart. The direct CP-violating decay rate asymmetry, (that is, the difference between the number of observed B(-)-->K(-)pi(0) event versus B(+)-->K(+) pi(0) events, normalized to the sum of these events) is measured to be about +7%, with an uncertainty that is reduced by a factor of 1.7 from a previous measurement. However, the asymmetry for versus B(0)-->K(+)pi(-) is at the -10% level. Although it is susceptible to strong interaction effects that need further clarification, this large deviation in direct CP violation between charged and neutral B meson decays could be an indication of new sources of CP violation-which would help to explain the dominance of matter in the Universe.

Human rights violations and smoking status among South African adults enrolled in the South Africa Stress and Health (SASH) study

PubMed Central

Dutra, Lauren M; Williams, David R; Gupta, Jhumka; Kawachi, Ichiro; Okechukwu, Cassandra A

2014-01-01

Despite South Africa’s history of violent political conflict, and the link between stressful experiences and smoking in the literature, no public health study has examined South Africans’ experiences of human rights violations and smoking. Using data from participants in the nationally representative cross-sectional South Africa Stress and Health study (SASH), this analysis examined the association between respondent smoking status and both human rights violations experienced by the respondent and violations experienced by the respondents’ close friends and family members. SAS-Callable SUDAAN was used to construct separate log-binomial models by political affiliation during apartheid (government or liberation supporters). In comparison to those who reported no violations, in adjusted analyses, government supporters who reported violations of themselves but not others (RR=1.76, 95%CI: 1.25–2.46) had a significantly higher smoking prevalence. In comparison to liberation supporters who reported no violations, those who reported violations of self only (RR=1.56, 95%CI: 1.07–2.29), close others only (RR=1.97, 95%CI: 1.12–3.47), or violations of self and close others due to close others’ political beliefs and the respondent’s political beliefs (RR=2.86, 95%CI: 1.70–4.82) had a significantly higher prevalence of smoking. The results of this analysis suggest that a relationship may exist between human rights violations and smoking among South Africa adults. Future research should use longitudinal data to assess causality, test the generalizability of these findings, and consider how to apply these findings to smoking cessation interventions. PMID:24509050

40 CFR 303.12 - Criminal violations covered by this award authority.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... (CONTINUED) SUPERFUND, EMERGENCY PLANNING, AND COMMUNITY RIGHT-TO-KNOW PROGRAMS CITIZEN AWARDS FOR INFORMATION ON CRIMINAL VIOLATIONS UNDER SUPERFUND General § 303.12 Criminal violations covered by this award...

40 CFR 303.12 - Criminal violations covered by this award authority.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... (CONTINUED) SUPERFUND, EMERGENCY PLANNING, AND COMMUNITY RIGHT-TO-KNOW PROGRAMS CITIZEN AWARDS FOR INFORMATION ON CRIMINAL VIOLATIONS UNDER SUPERFUND General § 303.12 Criminal violations covered by this award...

40 CFR 303.12 - Criminal violations covered by this award authority.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... (CONTINUED) SUPERFUND, EMERGENCY PLANNING, AND COMMUNITY RIGHT-TO-KNOW PROGRAMS CITIZEN AWARDS FOR INFORMATION ON CRIMINAL VIOLATIONS UNDER SUPERFUND General § 303.12 Criminal violations covered by this award...

40 CFR 303.12 - Criminal violations covered by this award authority.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... (CONTINUED) SUPERFUND, EMERGENCY PLANNING, AND COMMUNITY RIGHT-TO-KNOW PROGRAMS CITIZEN AWARDS FOR INFORMATION ON CRIMINAL VIOLATIONS UNDER SUPERFUND General § 303.12 Criminal violations covered by this award...

40 CFR 303.12 - Criminal violations covered by this award authority.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... (CONTINUED) SUPERFUND, EMERGENCY PLANNING, AND COMMUNITY RIGHT-TO-KNOW PROGRAMS CITIZEN AWARDS FOR INFORMATION ON CRIMINAL VIOLATIONS UNDER SUPERFUND General § 303.12 Criminal violations covered by this award...

Inferring energy dissipation from violation of the fluctuation-dissipation theorem

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wang, Shou-Wen

2018-05-01

The Harada-Sasa equality elegantly connects the energy dissipation rate of a moving object with its measurable violation of the Fluctuation-Dissipation Theorem (FDT). Although proven for Langevin processes, its validity remains unclear for discrete Markov systems whose forward and backward transition rates respond asymmetrically to external perturbation. A typical example is a motor protein called kinesin. Here we show generally that the FDT violation persists surprisingly in the high-frequency limit due to the asymmetry, resulting in a divergent FDT violation integral and thus a complete breakdown of the Harada-Sasa equality. A renormalized FDT violation integral still well predicts the dissipation rate when each discrete transition produces a small entropy in the environment. Our study also suggests a way to infer this perturbation asymmetry based on the measurable high-frequency-limit FDT violation.

Asymptotic violation of Bell inequalities and distillability.

PubMed

Masanes, Lluís

2006-08-04

A multipartite quantum state violates a Bell inequality asymptotically if, after jointly processing by general local operations an arbitrarily large number of copies of it, the result violates the inequality. In the bipartite case we show that asymptotic violation of the Clauser-Horne-Shimony-Holt inequality is equivalent to distillability. Hence, bound entangled states do not violate it. In the multipartite case we consider the complete set of full-correlation Bell inequalities with two dichotomic observables per site. We show that asymptotic violation of any of these inequalities by a multipartite state implies that pure-state entanglement can be distilled from it, although the corresponding distillation protocol may require that some of the parties join into several groups. We also obtain the extreme points of the set of distributions generated by measuring N quantum systems with two dichotomic observables per site.

Measurement Theory Based on the Truth Values Violates Local Realism

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Nagata, Koji

2017-02-01

We investigate the violation factor of the Bell-Mermin inequality. Until now, we use an assumption that the results of measurement are ±1. In this case, the maximum violation factor is 2( n-1)/2. The quantum predictions by n-partite Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) state violate the Bell-Mermin inequality by an amount that grows exponentially with n. Recently, a new measurement theory based on the truth values is proposed (Nagata and Nakamura, Int. J. Theor. Phys. 55:3616, 2016). The values of measurement outcome are either +1 or 0. Here we use the new measurement theory. We consider multipartite GHZ state. It turns out that the Bell-Mermin inequality is violated by the amount of 2( n-1)/2. The measurement theory based on the truth values provides the maximum violation of the Bell-Mermin inequality.

A System for Traffic Violation Detection

PubMed Central

Aliane, Nourdine; Fernandez, Javier; Mata, Mario; Bemposta, Sergio

2014-01-01

This paper describes the framework and components of an experimental platform for an advanced driver assistance system (ADAS) aimed at providing drivers with a feedback about traffic violations they have committed during their driving. The system is able to detect some specific traffic violations, record data associated to these faults in a local data-base, and also allow visualization of the spatial and temporal information of these traffic violations in a geographical map using the standard Google Earth tool. The test-bed is mainly composed of two parts: a computer vision subsystem for traffic sign detection and recognition which operates during both day and nighttime, and an event data recorder (EDR) for recording data related to some specific traffic violations. The paper covers firstly the description of the hardware architecture and then presents the policies used for handling traffic violations. PMID:25421737

A system for traffic violation detection.

PubMed

Aliane, Nourdine; Fernandez, Javier; Mata, Mario; Bemposta, Sergio

2014-11-24

This paper describes the framework and components of an experimental platform for an advanced driver assistance system (ADAS) aimed at providing drivers with a feedback about traffic violations they have committed during their driving. The system is able to detect some specific traffic violations, record data associated to these faults in a local data-base, and also allow visualization of the spatial and temporal information of these traffic violations in a geographical map using the standard Google Earth tool. The test-bed is mainly composed of two parts: a computer vision subsystem for traffic sign detection and recognition which operates during both day and nighttime, and an event data recorder (EDR) for recording data related to some specific traffic violations. The paper covers firstly the description of the hardware architecture and then presents the policies used for handling traffic violations.

Spontaneous CP-violation in extended technicolor models

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Goldstein, W.H.

1983-01-01

The spontaneous CP-violation in models with dynamically broken weak interaction symmetries, i.e., extended technicolor models is examined. Attention is focussed on situations in which the global, flavor symmetry of the strong, color-technicolor, interactions is a product of chiral, horizontal U(2), or, when weak degrees of freedom are included, U(4) factors. In this context, we demonstrate the Eichten, Lane, Preskill CP-violation mechanism and show that the nemesis of this mechanism, strong CP-violation, can be easily avoided by imposing a discrete symmetry on the chiral perturbation. When strong CP-invariance is preserved by this means, we find that spontaneously generated CP-violating phases aremore » suppressed by a ratio of extended technicolor mass scales. In addition, we consider, and attempt to analyze the direct contribution to strong CP-violation from colored technifermions.« less

How culture gets embrained: Cultural differences in event-related potentials of social norm violations.

PubMed

Mu, Yan; Kitayama, Shinobu; Han, Shihui; Gelfand, Michele J

2015-12-15

Humans are unique among all species in their ability to develop and enforce social norms, but there is wide variation in the strength of social norms across human societies. Despite this fundamental aspect of human nature, there has been surprisingly little research on how social norm violations are detected at the neurobiological level. Building on the emerging field of cultural neuroscience, we combine noninvasive electroencephalography (EEG) with a new social norm violation paradigm to examine the neural mechanisms underlying the detection of norm violations and how they vary across cultures. EEG recordings from Chinese and US participants (n = 50) showed consistent negative deflection of event-related potential around 400 ms (N400) over the central and parietal regions that served as a culture-general neural marker of detecting norm violations. The N400 at the frontal and temporal regions, however, was only observed among Chinese but not US participants, illustrating culture-specific neural substrates of the detection of norm violations. Further, the frontal N400 predicted a variety of behavioral and attitudinal measurements related to the strength of social norms that have been found at the national and state levels, including higher culture superiority and self-control but lower creativity. There were no cultural differences in the N400 induced by semantic violation, suggesting a unique cultural influence on social norm violation detection. In all, these findings provided the first evidence, to our knowledge, for the neurobiological foundations of social norm violation detection and its variation across cultures.

Common Traffic Violations of Bus Drivers in Urban China: An Observational Study

PubMed Central

Yang, Rendong; Huang, Yuanxiu; Zhang, Lin; Ning, Peishan; Cheng, Xunjie; Schwebel, David C.

2015-01-01

Objective To report common traffic violations in bus drivers and the factors that influence those violations in urban China. Methods We conducted an observational study to record three types of traffic violations among bus drivers in Changsha City, China: illegal stopping at bus stations, violating traffic light signals, and distracted driving. The behaviors of bus drivers on 32 routes (20% of bus routes in the city) were observed. A two-level Poisson regression examined factors that predicted bus driver violations. Results The incidence of illegal stopping at bus stations was 20.2%. Illegal stopping was less frequent on weekends, sunny days, and at stations with cameras, with adjusted incidence rate ratios (IRRs) of 0.81, 0.65 and 0.89, respectively. The incidence of violating traffic light signals was 2.2%, and was lower on cloudy than sunny days (adjusted IRR: 0.60). The incidence of distracted driving was 3.3%. The incidence of distracted driving was less common on cloudy days, rainy or snowy days, and foggy/windy/dusty days compared to sunny days, with adjusted IRRs of 0.54, 0.55 and 0.07, respectively. Conclusion Traffic violations are common in bus drivers in urban China and they are associated with the date, weather, and presence of traffic cameras at bus station. Further studies are recommended to understand the behavioral mechanisms that may explain bus driver violations and to develop feasible prevention measures. PMID:26372105

Speed and path control for conflict-free flight in high air traffic demand in terminal airspace

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rezaei, Ali

To accommodate the growing air traffic demand, flights will need to be planned and navigated with a much higher level of precision than today's aircraft flight path. The Next Generation Air Transportation System (NextGen) stands to benefit significantly in safety and efficiency from such movement of aircraft along precisely defined paths. Air Traffic Operations (ATO) relying on such precision--the Precision Air Traffic Operations or PATO--are the foundation of high throughput capacity envisioned for the future airports. In PATO, the preferred method is to manage the air traffic by assigning a speed profile to each aircraft in a given fleet in a given airspace (in practice known as (speed control). In this research, an algorithm has been developed, set in the context of a Hybrid Control System (HCS) model, that determines whether a speed control solution exists for a given fleet of aircraft in a given airspace and if so, computes this solution as a collective speed profile that assures separation if executed without deviation. Uncertainties such as weather are not considered but the algorithm can be modified to include uncertainties. The algorithm first computes all feasible sequences (i.e., all sequences that allow the given fleet of aircraft to reach destinations without violating the FAA's separation requirement) by looking at all pairs of aircraft. Then, the most likely sequence is determined and the speed control solution is constructed by a backward trajectory generation, starting with the aircraft last out and proceeds to the first out. This computation can be done for different sequences in parallel which helps to reduce the computation time. If such a solution does not exist, then the algorithm calculates a minimal path modification (known as path control) that will allow separation-compliance speed control. We will also prove that the algorithm will modify the path without creating a new separation violation. The new path will be generated by adding new waypoints in the airspace. As a byproduct, instead of minimal path modification, one can use the aircraft arrival time schedule to generate the sequence in which the aircraft reach their destinations.

In Patients With Cirrhosis, Driving Simulator Performance Is Associated With Real-life Driving.

PubMed

Lauridsen, Mette M; Thacker, Leroy R; White, Melanie B; Unser, Ariel; Sterling, Richard K; Stravitz, Richard T; Matherly, Scott; Puri, Puneet; Sanyal, Arun J; Gavis, Edith A; Luketic, Velimir; Siddiqui, Muhammad S; Heuman, Douglas M; Fuchs, Michael; Bajaj, Jasmohan S

2016-05-01

Minimal hepatic encephalopathy (MHE) has been linked to higher real-life rates of automobile crashes and poor performance in driving simulation studies, but the link between driving simulator performance and real-life automobile crashes has not been clearly established. Furthermore, not all patients with MHE are unsafe drivers, but it is unclear how to distinguish them from unsafe drivers. We investigated the link between performance on driving simulators and real-life automobile accidents and traffic violations. We also aimed to identify features of unsafe drivers with cirrhosis and evaluated changes in simulated driving skills and MHE status after 1 year. We performed a study of outpatients with cirrhosis (n = 205; median 55 years old; median model for end-stage liver disease score, 9.5; none with overt hepatic encephalopathy or alcohol or illicit drug use within previous 6 months) seen at the Virginia Commonwealth University and McGuire Veterans Administration Medical Center, from November 2008 through April 2014. All participants were given paper-pencil tests to diagnose MHE (98 had MHE; 48%), and 163 patients completed a standardized driving simulation. Data were collected on traffic violations and automobile accidents from the Virginia Department of Motor Vehicles and from participants' self-assessments when they entered the study, and from 73 participants 1 year later. Participants also completed a questionnaire about alcohol use and cessation patterns. The driving simulator measured crashes, run-time, road center and edge excursions, and illegal turns during navigation; before and after each driving simulation session, patients were asked to rate their overall driving skills. Drivers were classified as safe or unsafe based on crashes and violations reported on official driving records; simulation results were compared with real-life driving records. Multivariable regression analyses of real-life crashes and violations was performed using data on demographics, cirrhosis details, MHE status, and alcohol cessation patterns, at baseline and at 1 year. Drivers categorized as unsafe had more crashes and made more illegal turns on the driving simulator than drivers categorized as safe; a higher proportion of subjects with MHE were categorized as unsafe drivers at baseline (16%) than subjects without MHE (7%; P = .02), and at 1-year follow-up (18% vs 0%; P = .02). Alcohol cessation within <1 year and illegal turns during simulator navigation tasks were associated with real-life automobile crashes and MHE in regression analysis; road edge excursions in the simulator were associated with real-life traffic violations. Personal assessment of driving skills improved after each simulation episode. In a study of 205 patients with cirrhosis, we associated results from driving simulation tests with real-life driving records and MHE. Traffic safety counseling should focus on patients with cirrhosis who recently quit consuming alcohol and perform poorly on driving simulation. Copyright © 2016 AGA Institute. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

32 CFR 935.52 - Violations of Subpart O or P of this part.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 32 National Defense 6 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Violations of Subpart O or P of this part. 935... TERRITORIAL AND INSULAR REGULATIONS WAKE ISLAND CODE Penalties § 935.52 Violations of Subpart O or P of this part. (a) Whoever is found guilty of a violation of subpart O or P of this part is subject to a fine of...

32 CFR 935.52 - Violations of Subpart O or P of this part.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 32 National Defense 6 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Violations of Subpart O or P of this part. 935... TERRITORIAL AND INSULAR REGULATIONS WAKE ISLAND CODE Penalties § 935.52 Violations of Subpart O or P of this part. (a) Whoever is found guilty of a violation of subpart O or P of this part is subject to a fine of...

32 CFR 935.52 - Violations of Subpart O or P of this part.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 32 National Defense 6 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Violations of Subpart O or P of this part. 935... TERRITORIAL AND INSULAR REGULATIONS WAKE ISLAND CODE Penalties § 935.52 Violations of Subpart O or P of this part. (a) Whoever is found guilty of a violation of subpart O or P of this part is subject to a fine of...

32 CFR 935.52 - Violations of Subpart O or P of this part.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 32 National Defense 6 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Violations of Subpart O or P of this part. 935... TERRITORIAL AND INSULAR REGULATIONS WAKE ISLAND CODE Penalties § 935.52 Violations of Subpart O or P of this part. (a) Whoever is found guilty of a violation of subpart O or P of this part is subject to a fine of...

32 CFR 935.52 - Violations of Subpart O or P of this part.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 32 National Defense 6 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Violations of Subpart O or P of this part. 935... TERRITORIAL AND INSULAR REGULATIONS WAKE ISLAND CODE Penalties § 935.52 Violations of Subpart O or P of this part. (a) Whoever is found guilty of a violation of subpart O or P of this part is subject to a fine of...

19 CFR Appendix D to Part 171 - Guidelines for the Imposition and Mitigation of Penalties for Violations of 19 U.S.C. 1593a

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... false, or any omission which is material, or aids or abets any other person in the foregoing violation... discovered which caused Customs to believe that a possibility of a violation of section 593A existed. (e... negligent violations of section 593A committed by persons who are certified as participants in the Customs...

19 CFR Appendix D to Part 171 - Guidelines for the Imposition and Mitigation of Penalties for Violations of 19 U.S.C. 1593a

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... false, or any omission which is material, or aids or abets any other person in the foregoing violation... discovered which caused Customs to believe that a possibility of a violation of section 593A existed. (e... negligent violations of section 593A committed by persons who are certified as participants in the Customs...

19 CFR Appendix D to Part 171 - Guidelines for the Imposition and Mitigation of Penalties for Violations of 19 U.S.C. 1593a

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... false, or any omission which is material, or aids or abets any other person in the foregoing violation... discovered which caused Customs to believe that a possibility of a violation of section 593A existed. (e... negligent violations of section 593A committed by persons who are certified as participants in the Customs...

19 CFR Appendix D to Part 171 - Guidelines for the Imposition and Mitigation of Penalties for Violations of 19 U.S.C. 1593a

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... false, or any omission which is material, or aids or abets any other person in the foregoing violation... discovered which caused Customs to believe that a possibility of a violation of section 593A existed. (e... negligent violations of section 593A committed by persons who are certified as participants in the Customs...

Human rights violations among sexual and gender minorities in Kathmandu, Nepal: a qualitative investigation.

PubMed

Singh, Sonal; Pant, Sunil Babu; Dhakal, Suben; Pokhrel, Subash; Mullany, Luke C

2012-05-16

Nepal has experienced sporadic reports of human rights violations among sexual and gender minorities. Our objective was to identify a range of human rights that are enshrined in international law and/or are commonly reported by sexual and gender minority participants in Kathmandu, to be nonprotected or violated. In September 2009 three focus group discussions were conducted by trained interviewers among a convenience sample of sexual and gender minority participants in Kathmandu Nepal. The modified Delphi technique was utilized to elicit and rank participant-generated definitions of human rights and their subsequent violations. Data was analyzed independently and cross checked by another investigator. Participants (n = 29) reported experiencing a range of human rights violations at home, work, educational, health care settings and in public places. Lack of adequate legal protection, physical and mental abuse and torture were commonly reported. Access to adequate legal protection and improvements in the family and healthcare environment were ranked as the most important priority areas. Sexual and gender minorities in Nepal experienced a range of human rights violations. Future efforts should enroll a larger and more systematic sample of participants to determine frequency, timing, and/or intensity of exposure to rights violations, and estimate the population-based impact of these rights violations on specific health outcomes.

Safety climate and the theory of planned behavior: towards the prediction of unsafe behavior.

PubMed

Fogarty, Gerard J; Shaw, Andrew

2010-09-01

The present study is concerned with the human factors that contribute to violations in aviation maintenance. Much of our previous research in this area has been based on safety climate surveys and the analysis of relations among core dimensions of climate. In this study, we tap into mainstream psychological theory to help clarify the mechanisms underlying the links between climate and behavior. Specifically, we demonstrate the usefulness of Ajzen's (1991, 2001) Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) to understanding violation behaviors in aircraft maintenance. A questionnaire was administered to 307 aircraft maintenance workers. Constructs measured by the survey included perceptions of management attitudes to safety, own attitudes to violations, intention to violate, group norms, workplace pressures, and violations. A model based on the TPB illustrated hypothetical connections among these variables. Path analyses using AMOS suggested some theoretically justifiable modifications to the model. Fit statistics of the revised model were excellent with intentions, group norms, and personal attitudes combining to explain 50% of the variance in self-reported violations. The model highlighted the importance of management attitudes and group norms as direct and indirect predictors of violation behavior. We conclude that the TPB is a useful tool for understanding the psychological background to the procedural violations so often associated with incidents and accidents. 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Baryogenesis in Lorentz-violating gravity theories

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sakstein, Jeremy; Solomon, Adam R.

2017-10-01

Lorentz-violating theories of gravity typically contain constrained vector fields. We show that the lowest-order coupling of such vectors to U (1)-symmetric scalars can naturally give rise to baryogenesis in a manner akin to the Affleck-Dine mechanism. We calculate the cosmology of this new mechanism, demonstrating that a net B - L can be generated in the early Universe, and that the resulting baryon-to-photon ratio matches that which is presently observed. We discuss constraints on the model using solar system and astrophysical tests of Lorentz violation in the gravity sector. Generic Lorentz-violating theories can give rise to the observed matter-antimatter asymmetry without violating any current bounds.

Higgs C P violation from vectorlike quarks

DOE PAGES

Chen, Chien-Yi; Dawson, S.; Zhang, Yue

2015-10-20

We explore CP violating aspects in the Higgs sector of models where new vectorlike quarks carry Yukawa couplings mainly to the third generation quarks of the Standard Model. We point out that in the simplest model, Higgs CP violating interactions only exist in the hWW channel. At low energy, we nd that rare B decays can place similarly strong constraints as those from electric dipole moments on the source of CP violation. These observations offer a new handle to discriminate from other Higgs CP violating scenarios such as scalar sector extensions of the Standard Model, and imply an interesting futuremore » interplay among limits from different experiments.« less

Quantitative study of the violation of kperpendicular factorization in hadroproduction of quarks at collider energies.

PubMed

Fujii, Hirotsugu; Gelis, François; Venugopalan, Raju

2005-10-14

We demonstrate the violation of kperpendicular factorization for quark production in high energy hadronic collisions. This violation is quantified in the color glass condensate framework and studied as a function of the quark mass, the quark transverse momentum, and the saturation scale Q(s), which is a measure of large parton densities. At x values where parton densities are large but leading twist shadowing effects are still small, violations of kperpendicularkfactorization can be significant--especially for lighter quarks. At very small x, where leading twist shadowing is large, we show that violations of kperpendicular factorization are relatively weaker.

Prototype Rail Crossing Violation Warning Application Project Report.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2017-09-05

This report is the Project Report for the Rail Crossing Violation Warning (RCVW) safety application developed for the project on Rail Crossing Violation Warning Application and Infrastructure Connection, providing a means for equipped connected vehic...

32 CFR 635.29 - Domestic violence and protection orders.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... COPS, and entered into NCIC. Violations of a military Protection Order may be violations of Article 92... order. Violations of a civilian Protection Order must be reported on DA Form 3975, entered into COPS...

32 CFR 635.29 - Domestic violence and protection orders.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... COPS, and entered into NCIC. Violations of a military Protection Order may be violations of Article 92... order. Violations of a civilian Protection Order must be reported on DA Form 3975, entered into COPS...

32 CFR 635.29 - Domestic violence and protection orders.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... COPS, and entered into NCIC. Violations of a military Protection Order may be violations of Article 92... order. Violations of a civilian Protection Order must be reported on DA Form 3975, entered into COPS...

45 CFR 150.317 - Factors CMS uses to determine the amount of penalty.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... before determination of the current violation or violations, CMS or any State found the responsible entity liable for civil or administrative sanctions in connection with a violation of HIPAA requirements...

45 CFR 1640.4 - Violation of agreement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... OF FEDERAL LAW TO LSC RECIPIENTS § 1640.4 Violation of agreement. (a) A violation of the agreement... negligence allowed the employee or board member to engage in the activities which led to the conviction or...

The psychiatrist's image in commercially available American movies.

PubMed

Gharaibeh, N M

2005-04-01

To explore quantitatively how American movies portray psychiatrists/therapist. A total of 106 movies were reviewed regarding how psychiatrists/therapists were portrayed. The psychiatrist's or therapist's sex, age, clinical competence and knowledge, boundary violations, attitude toward the patient, influence in the movie's events, treatment modality or modalities used, intervention's outcome, and therapeutic setting. The psychiatrists/therapists tended to be males (71.2%), and (regardless of sex) middle-aged (50.8%). Despite the general view of the psychiatrists/therapists as friendly (63.6%), there was an over-representation of boundary violations. The percentage of total boundary violations was 44.9% of the cases portrayed and sexual violations accounted for 23.7%, while non-sexual violations accounted for 30.5% (with 9.3% overlap). The appearance of clinical incompetence was 47.5%. The image of psychiatrists/therapists in commercially available movies is not flattering: close to one out of two violated boundaries, close to one out of four committed a sexual boundary violation, and the psychiatrist/therapist was as likely to be incompetent as competent. The bright point is that psychiatrists/therapists were depicted as more likely to be friendly.

The lepton flavor violating exclusive b bar → s bar ℓi- ℓj+ decays in SUSY without R-parity

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sheng, Jin-Huan; Song, Jia-Jia; Wang, Ru-Min; Yang, Ya-Dong

2018-05-01

Inspired by the recent anomaly measurements of the lepton-flavor violating decays h → μτ and the lepton flavor non-universality in decays b bar → s bar ℓ-ℓ+, we investigate the lepton flavor violating exclusive b bar → s bar ℓi- ℓj+ (i ≠ j and ℓ = e , μ , τ) decays within supersymmetry. Relevant R-parity violating couplings are constrained by using the latest experimental upper limits on the branching ratios of Bs → ℓi- ℓj+ and B →K (*) ℓi- ℓ j + flavor changing neutral current processes, and we find that all relevant branching ratios are very sensitive to the moduli of the squark and sneutrino exchange coupling products. In addition, the constrained lepton number violating effects on the dilepton invariant mass spectra, the single lepton polarization asymmetries and the differential forward-backward asymmetries are also studied. These lepton-flavor violating B decays could be used for the search of lepton flavor violation at the running LHC and the forthcoming Belle-II.

Scientific data processing for the MICROSCOPE space experiment

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hardy, Emilie; Metris, Gilles; Santos Rodrigues, Manuel; Touboul, Pierre; Chhun, Ratana; Baghi, Quentin; Berge, Joel

The MICROSCOPE space mission aims at testing the Equivalence Principle, which states that the acceleration of a test object due to gravitation is independent of its mass and internal composition. The Equivalence Principle is at the basis of General Relativity and has been tested on-ground with a record accuracy of a few 10(-13) . However, most theories for the unification of the gravitation with the three other fundamental interactions predict that it will be violated at a level 10(-18) -10(-13) . This range cannot be reached on Earth because of the numerous perturbations in the terrestrial environment. Being performed in space, the MICROSCOPE experiment will be able to overcome these limitations in order to test the Equivalence Principle with an accuracy of 10(-15) . The instrument will be embarked on board a drag-free microsatellite orbiting the Earth, and consists in a differential electrostatic accelerometer composed of two cylindrical test masses made of different materials. The position of the masses is detected thanks to capacitive sensors, while control loops with electrostatic actuation keep them concentric, so that they both are submitted to the same gravitational field. The electrostatic acceleration applied to the masses to maintain them relatively motionless are measured and will demonstrate a violation of the Equivalence Principle if found unequal. The potential Equivalence Principle violation signal is expected at a well identified frequency, f _{EP}. However, the raw measurement is impacted by systematic instrumental errors, which are calibrated in-orbit during dedicated sessions. The data processing therefore includes the correction of the measurement in order to reduce the contribution of these errors at f _{EP}. Other perturbations must be considered during the data analysis: numerical effects arise from the finite time span of the measurement. A procedure have thus been determined in order to extract the Equivalence Principle violation parameter with minimal numerical perturbations, in a nominal situation as well as in the case of missing data, which may amplify these effects. A numerical simulator has been developed in order to validate the protocol of measurement correction and analysis. The simulator architecture as well as the current results will be presented. The scientific data of the MICROSCOPE mission, to be launched in 2016, will be processed by the MICROSCOPE Scientific Mission Center (CMSM). The presentation will focus on the CMSM data management and describe the ground segment architecture including the interactions between the CMSM and the other entities.

45 CFR 158.607 - Factors HHS uses to determine the amount of penalty.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... entity, including whether, at any time before determination of the current violation(s), HHS or any State found the responsible entity liable for civil or administrative sanctions in connection with a violation...

Effectiveness and efficiencies in police traffic services programs

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1982-03-01

Traffic law violations were causative factors in about 90 percent of all motor vehicle crashes. Primary responsibility for deterring traffic law violations and for apprehending violators of these laws rest with State, county and municipal police agen...

48 CFR 203.806 - Processing suspected violations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... violations. 203.806 Section 203.806 Federal Acquisition Regulations System DEFENSE ACQUISITION REGULATIONS SYSTEM, DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE GENERAL IMPROPER BUSINESS PRACTICES AND PERSONAL CONFLICTS OF INTEREST.... Report suspected violations to the address at PGI 203.8(a). ...

29 CFR 530.203 - Outstanding violations and open investigations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 29 Labor 3 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Outstanding violations and open investigations. 530.203... Employer Certificates § 530.203 Outstanding violations and open investigations. A homework certificate will... subject of an open investigation. ...

29 CFR 530.203 - Outstanding violations and open investigations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 29 Labor 3 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Outstanding violations and open investigations. 530.203... Employer Certificates § 530.203 Outstanding violations and open investigations. A homework certificate will... subject of an open investigation. ...

29 CFR 530.203 - Outstanding violations and open investigations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 29 Labor 3 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Outstanding violations and open investigations. 530.203... Employer Certificates § 530.203 Outstanding violations and open investigations. A homework certificate will... subject of an open investigation. ...

29 CFR 530.203 - Outstanding violations and open investigations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 29 Labor 3 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Outstanding violations and open investigations. 530.203... Employer Certificates § 530.203 Outstanding violations and open investigations. A homework certificate will... subject of an open investigation. ...

29 CFR 530.203 - Outstanding violations and open investigations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 29 Labor 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Outstanding violations and open investigations. 530.203... Employer Certificates § 530.203 Outstanding violations and open investigations. A homework certificate will... subject of an open investigation. ...

46 CFR 42.07-50 - Penalties for violations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... BY SEA Control, Enforcement, and Rights of Appeal § 42.07-50 Penalties for violations. (a) The... these laws. (b) The master and/or owner of a vessel that is operated, navigated, or used in violation of...

46 CFR 42.07-50 - Penalties for violations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... BY SEA Control, Enforcement, and Rights of Appeal § 42.07-50 Penalties for violations. (a) The... these laws. (b) The master and/or owner of a vessel that is operated, navigated, or used in violation of...

46 CFR 42.07-50 - Penalties for violations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... BY SEA Control, Enforcement, and Rights of Appeal § 42.07-50 Penalties for violations. (a) The... these laws. (b) The master and/or owner of a vessel that is operated, navigated, or used in violation of...

46 CFR 42.07-50 - Penalties for violations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... BY SEA Control, Enforcement, and Rights of Appeal § 42.07-50 Penalties for violations. (a) The... these laws. (b) The master and/or owner of a vessel that is operated, navigated, or used in violation of...

46 CFR 42.07-50 - Penalties for violations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... BY SEA Control, Enforcement, and Rights of Appeal § 42.07-50 Penalties for violations. (a) The... these laws. (b) The master and/or owner of a vessel that is operated, navigated, or used in violation of...

50 CFR 20.72 - Violation of State law.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... export any migratory bird, or any part, nest, or egg of any such bird, in violation of any applicable law... WILDLIFE AND PLANTS (CONTINUED) MIGRATORY BIRD HUNTING Federal, State, and Foreign Law § 20.72 Violation of...

Three-observer Bell inequality violation on a two-qubit entangled state

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Schiavon, Matteo; Calderaro, Luca; Pittaluga, Mirko; Vallone, Giuseppe; Villoresi, Paolo

2017-03-01

Bipartite Bell inequalities can simultaneously be violated by two different pairs of observers when weak measurements and signalling is employed. Here, we experimentally demonstrate the violation of two simultaneous CHSH inequalities by exploiting a two-photon polarisation maximally entangled state. Our results demonstrate that large double violation is experimentally achievable. Our demonstration may have impact for Quantum Key Distribution or certification of Quantum Random Number generators based on weak measurements.

CP violation in the B system.

PubMed

Gershon, T; Gligorov, V V

2017-04-01

The phenomenon of CP violation is crucial to understand the asymmetry between matter and antimatter that exists in the Universe. Dramatic experimental progress has been made, in particular in measurements of the behaviour of particles containing the b quark, where CP violation effects are predicted by the Kobayashi-Maskawa mechanism that is embedded in the standard model. The status of these measurements and future prospects for an understanding of CP violation beyond the standard model are reviewed.

32 CFR 269.4 - Cost of living adjustments of civil monetary penalties.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... Statement 5,000 5,500 33 U.S.C. 1319(g)(2)(A) § 404Permit Condition Violation, Class I (per violation amount) 10,000 11,000 33 U.S.C. 1319(g)(2)(A) § 404Permit Condition Violation, Class I (maximum amount) 25,000 27,500 33 U.S.C. 1319(g)(2)(B) § 404Permit Condition Violation, Class II (per day amount) 10,000...

The role of OSHA violations in serious workplace accidents.

PubMed

Mendeloff, J

1984-05-01

California accident investigations for 1976 show that violations of the Occupational Safety and Health Administration's safety standards were a contributing factor in 13% to 19% of the 645 deaths reported to the workers' compensation program during that year. However, a panel of safety engineers judged that only about 50% of these violations could have been detected if an inspector had visited the day before the accident. These findings indicate that the potential gains from stronger enforcement of current standards are limited but not insignificant. The likelihood that a violation contributed to a serious accident varied considerably among accident types, industries, and size classes of plants. These findings can be used to increase the efficiency and effectiveness of the OSHA program by means of better targeting of inspections and accident investigations, more intelligent assessment of which violations should be penalized most heavily, and the provision of information to employers and workers about which violations are most consequential.

Violations of exhibiting and FDA rules at an American Psychiatric Association annual meeting.

PubMed

Lurie, Peter; Tran, Tung; Wolfe, Sidney Manuel; Goodman, Robert

2005-12-01

We conducted a cross-sectional study of all exhibit booths for the 24 pharmaceutical companies at the 2002 American Psychiatric Association (APA) convention. We collected and categorized one of each item distributed by the companies at each booth. A total of 268 items were collected from 24 companies (median=8). The most common categories of items were "reprints or pamphlets" (37%) and "noneducational gifts" (27%), including music CDs and invitations to dinners and museums. There were a total of 16 violations of the APA's own exhibit rules: eight companies had one violation and two companies had four violations. Four companies engaged in FDA-prohibited off-label promotion; one also violated the APA code. Over half of all companies (54%) were in violation of either APA rules or FDA regulations. The APA's voluntary code has failed to adequately reduce inappropriate promotional activity at the annual APA meeting.

Constrained evolution in numerical relativity

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Anderson, Matthew William

The strongest potential source of gravitational radiation for current and future detectors is the merger of binary black holes. Full numerical simulation of such mergers can provide realistic signal predictions and enhance the probability of detection. Numerical simulation of the Einstein equations, however, is fraught with difficulty. Stability even in static test cases of single black holes has proven elusive. Common to unstable simulations is the growth of constraint violations. This work examines the effect of controlling the growth of constraint violations by solving the constraints periodically during a simulation, an approach called constrained evolution. The effects of constrained evolution are contrasted with the results of unconstrained evolution, evolution where the constraints are not solved during the course of a simulation. Two different formulations of the Einstein equations are examined: the standard ADM formulation and the generalized Frittelli-Reula formulation. In most cases constrained evolution vastly improves the stability of a simulation at minimal computational cost when compared with unconstrained evolution. However, in the more demanding test cases examined, constrained evolution fails to produce simulations with long-term stability in spite of producing improvements in simulation lifetime when compared with unconstrained evolution. Constrained evolution is also examined in conjunction with a wide variety of promising numerical techniques, including mesh refinement and overlapping Cartesian and spherical computational grids. Constrained evolution in boosted black hole spacetimes is investigated using overlapping grids. Constrained evolution proves to be central to the host of innovations required in carrying out such intensive simulations.

How culture gets embrained: Cultural differences in event-related potentials of social norm violations

PubMed Central

Mu, Yan; Kitayama, Shinobu; Han, Shihui; Gelfand, Michele J.

2015-01-01

Humans are unique among all species in their ability to develop and enforce social norms, but there is wide variation in the strength of social norms across human societies. Despite this fundamental aspect of human nature, there has been surprisingly little research on how social norm violations are detected at the neurobiological level. Building on the emerging field of cultural neuroscience, we combine noninvasive electroencephalography (EEG) with a new social norm violation paradigm to examine the neural mechanisms underlying the detection of norm violations and how they vary across cultures. EEG recordings from Chinese and US participants (n = 50) showed consistent negative deflection of event-related potential around 400 ms (N400) over the central and parietal regions that served as a culture-general neural marker of detecting norm violations. The N400 at the frontal and temporal regions, however, was only observed among Chinese but not US participants, illustrating culture-specific neural substrates of the detection of norm violations. Further, the frontal N400 predicted a variety of behavioral and attitudinal measurements related to the strength of social norms that have been found at the national and state levels, including higher culture superiority and self-control but lower creativity. There were no cultural differences in the N400 induced by semantic violation, suggesting a unique cultural influence on social norm violation detection. In all, these findings provided the first evidence, to our knowledge, for the neurobiological foundations of social norm violation detection and its variation across cultures. PMID:26621713

KCBX Notice of Violation - April 28, 2015

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

US EPA issued a Notice of Violation (NOV) to KCBX Terminals Company on April 28, 2015 asserting that KCBX's petroleum coke piles in Chicago are sources of fugitive emissions which violate the Clean Air Act and Illinois State Implementation Plan.

EnviroSafe Finding of Violation

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

This document outlines the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency reissuing an enclosed Finding of Violation (FOV) to Enviro-Safe Refrigerants, Inc. (you). We find that you have violated the Clean Air Act, 42 U.S.C. § 7413(a) (the CAA).

Phenomenology of small violations of Fermi and Bose statistics

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Greenberg, O. W.; Mohapatra, Rabindra N.

1989-04-01

In a recent paper, we proposed a ``paronic'' field-theory framework for possible small deviations from the Pauli exclusion principle. This theory cannot be represented in a positive-metric (Hilbert) space. Nonetheless, the issue of possible small violations of the exclusion principle can be addressed in the framework of quantum mechanics, without being connected with a local quantum field theory. In this paper, we discuss the phenomenology of small violations of both Fermi and Bose statistics. We consider the implications of such violations in atomic, nuclear, particle, and condensed-matter physics and in astrophysics and cosmology. We also discuss experiments that can detect small violations of Fermi and Bose statistics or place stringent bounds on their validity.

Health and Human Rights in Karen State, Eastern Myanmar.

PubMed

Davis, William W; Mullany, Luke C; Shwe Oo, Eh Kalu; Richards, Adam K; Iacopino, Vincent; Beyrer, Chris

2015-01-01

Decades of conflict in eastern Myanmar have resulted in high prevalence of human rights violations and poor health outcomes. While recent ceasefire agreements have reduced conflict in this area, it is unknown whether this has resulted in concomitant reductions in human rights violations. We conducted a two-stage cluster survey of 686 households in eastern Myanmar to assess health status, access to healthcare, food security, exposure to human rights violations and identification of alleged perpetrators over the 12 months prior to January 2012, a period of near-absence of conflict in this region. Household hunger (FANTA-2 scale) was moderate/high in 91 (13.2%) households, while the proportion of households reporting food shortages in each month of 2011 ranged from 19.9% in December to 47.0% in September, with food insecurity peaking just prior to the harvest. Diarrhea prevalence in children was 14.2% and in everyone it was 5.8%. Forced labor was the most common human rights violation (185 households, 24.9%), and 210 households (30.6%) reported experiencing one or more human rights violations in 2011. Multiple logistic regression analysis identified associations between human rights violations and poor health outcomes. Human rights violations and their health consequences persist despite reduced intensity of conflict in eastern Myanmar. Ceasefire agreements should include language that protects human rights, and reconciliation efforts should address the health consequences of decades of human rights violations.

Human rights violations among sexual and gender minorities in Kathmandu, Nepal: a qualitative investigation

PubMed Central

2012-01-01

Background Nepal has experienced sporadic reports of human rights violations among sexual and gender minorities. Our objective was to identify a range of human rights that are enshrined in international law and/or are commonly reported by sexual and gender minority participants in Kathmandu, to be nonprotected or violated. Methods In September 2009 three focus group discussions were conducted by trained interviewers among a convenience sample of sexual and gender minority participants in Kathmandu Nepal. The modified Delphi technique was utilized to elicit and rank participant-generated definitions of human rights and their subsequent violations. Data was analyzed independently and cross checked by another investigator. Results Participants (n = 29) reported experiencing a range of human rights violations at home, work, educational, health care settings and in public places. Lack of adequate legal protection, physical and mental abuse and torture were commonly reported. Access to adequate legal protection and improvements in the family and healthcare environment were ranked as the most important priority areas. Conclusions Sexual and gender minorities in Nepal experienced a range of human rights violations. Future efforts should enroll a larger and more systematic sample of participants to determine frequency, timing, and/or intensity of exposure to rights violations, and estimate the population-based impact of these rights violations on specific health outcomes PMID:22591775

ISLES: Probing Extra Dimensions Using a Superconducting Accelerometer

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Paik, Ho Jung; Moody, M. Vol; Prieto-Gortcheva, Violeta A.

2003-01-01

In string theories, extra dimensions must be compactified. The possibility that gravity can have large radii of compactification leads to a violation of the inverse square law at submillimeter distances. The objective of ISLES is to perform a null test of Newton s law in space with a resolution of one part in 10(exp 5) or better at 100 microns. The experiment will be cooled to less than or equal to 2 K, which permits superconducting magnetic levitation of the test masses. To minimize Newtonian errors, ISLES employs a near null source, a circular disk of large diameter-to-thickness ratio. Two test masses, also disk-shaped, are suspended on the two sides of the source mass at a nominal distance of 100 microns. The signal is detected by a superconducting differential accelerometer. A ground test apparatus is under construction.

Violating confidentiality to warn of a risk of HIV infection: ethical work in progress.

PubMed

Freedman, B

1991-12-01

The old literature on whether medical confidentiality may be breached to warn a spouse of a risk of contracting syphilis from his/her partner - a deep and rich literature - has become relevant once again in the context of HIV infection and AIDS. This paper examines the reasoning and method employed in: the Catholic approach centered around the patient's (property) right to the secret; a (generic) model of justice, utilizing minimal principles of non-aggression and restitution; and an approach involving the elimination of unstable alternatives: the view that public health officials, but not the spouse, may/must be notified; and, that maintaining that the physician is at liberty to disclose but is not obliged to do so. The theory and method behind confidentiality turns out to be deeper than you might have anticipated.

Neither aider nor abettor be: attorneys become prosecutorial targets for federal healthcare crimes.

PubMed

Schmidt, M M

1999-01-01

Attorneys representing healthcare entities are not immune to federal criminal prosecution for the assistance that they give their clients. This Article focuses on potential attorney liability for aiding and abetting a client's violation of law. The author examines the securities, tax, and white-collar crime fields for guidance regarding the interpretation and application of the federal aiding and abetting statute to attorneys practicing in the health law field. Based on these analogous areas, and upon the federal criminal statutes applicable in the healthcare field, he recommends steps that can be taken to minimize the possibility of aiding and abetting liability. In addition, he recommends that the courts require a prosecutorial showing of both actual knowledge of wrong-doing and wrongful intent before imposing aider and abettor liability upon health law practitioners.

Causal learning with local computations.

PubMed

Fernbach, Philip M; Sloman, Steven A

2009-05-01

The authors proposed and tested a psychological theory of causal structure learning based on local computations. Local computations simplify complex learning problems via cues available on individual trials to update a single causal structure hypothesis. Structural inferences from local computations make minimal demands on memory, require relatively small amounts of data, and need not respect normative prescriptions as inferences that are principled locally may violate those principles when combined. Over a series of 3 experiments, the authors found (a) systematic inferences from small amounts of data; (b) systematic inference of extraneous causal links; (c) influence of data presentation order on inferences; and (d) error reduction through pretraining. Without pretraining, a model based on local computations fitted data better than a Bayesian structural inference model. The data suggest that local computations serve as a heuristic for learning causal structure. Copyright 2009 APA, all rights reserved.

Phenomenology of the SU(3)_c⊗ SU(3)_L⊗ U(1)_X model with right-handed neutrinos

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gutiérrez, D. A.; Ponce, W. A.; Sánchez, L. A.

2006-05-01

A phenomenological analysis of the three-family model based on the local gauge group SU(3)_c⊗ SU(3)_L⊗ U(1)_X with right-handed neutrinos is carried out. Instead of using the minimal scalar sector able to break the symmetry in a proper way, we introduce an alternative set of four Higgs scalar triplets, which combined with an anomaly-free discrete symmetry, produces a quark mass spectrum without hierarchies in the Yukawa coupling constants. We also embed the structure into a simple gauge group and show some conditions for achieving a low energy gauge coupling unification, avoiding possible conflict with proton decay bounds. By using experimental results from the CERN-LEP, SLAC linear collider, and atomic parity violation data, we update constraints on several parameters of the model.

Phenomenology of the SU(3)c⊗SU(3)L⊗U(1)X model with exotic charged leptons

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Salazar, Juan C.; Ponce, William A.; Gutiérrez, Diego A.

2007-04-01

A phenomenological analysis of the three-family model based on the local gauge group SU(3)c⊗SU(3)L⊗U(1)X with exotic charged leptons, is carried out. Instead of using the minimal scalar sector able to break the symmetry in a proper way, we introduce an alternative set of four Higgs scalar triplets, which combined with an anomaly-free discrete symmetry, produce quark and charged lepton mass spectrum without hierarchies in the Yukawa coupling constants. We also embed the structure into a simple gauge group and show some conditions to achieve a low energy gauge coupling unification, avoiding possible conflict with proton decay bounds. By using experimental results from the CERN-LEP, SLAC linear collider, and atomic parity violation data, we update constraints on several parameters of the model.

Minimal Leptoquark Explanation for the R_{D^{(*)}}, R_{K}, and (g-2)_{μ} Anomalies.

PubMed

Bauer, Martin; Neubert, Matthias

2016-04-08

We show that by adding a single new scalar particle to the standard model, a TeV-scale leptoquark with the quantum numbers of a right-handed down quark, one can explain in a natural way three of the most striking anomalies of particle physics: the violation of lepton universality in B[over ¯]→K[over ¯]ℓ^{+}ℓ^{-} decays, the enhanced B[over ¯]→D^{(*)}τν[over ¯] decay rates, and the anomalous magnetic moment of the muon. Constraints from other precision measurements in the flavor sector can be satisfied without fine-tuning. Our model predicts enhanced B[over ¯]→K[over ¯]^{(*)}νν[over ¯] decay rates and a new-physics contribution to B_{s}-B[over ¯]_{s} mixing close to the current central fit value.

The min-conflicts heuristic: Experimental and theoretical results

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Minton, Steven; Philips, Andrew B.; Johnston, Mark D.; Laird, Philip

1991-01-01

This paper describes a simple heuristic method for solving large-scale constraint satisfaction and scheduling problems. Given an initial assignment for the variables in a problem, the method operates by searching through the space of possible repairs. The search is guided by an ordering heuristic, the min-conflicts heuristic, that attempts to minimize the number of constraint violations after each step. We demonstrate empirically that the method performs orders of magnitude better than traditional backtracking techniques on certain standard problems. For example, the one million queens problem can be solved rapidly using our approach. We also describe practical scheduling applications where the method has been successfully applied. A theoretical analysis is presented to explain why the method works so well on certain types of problems and to predict when it is likely to be most effective.

77 FR 64050 - FMCSA Policy on the Suspension of Operating Authority for Hostage Load Violations

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-10-18

... motor carrier or broker knowingly and willfully fails, in violation of a contract, to deliver or unload... upon a determination by FMCSA that the carrier or broker knowingly and willfully failed, in violation...

49 CFR 661.18 - Intentional violations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 49 Transportation 7 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Intentional violations. 661.18 Section 661.18 Transportation Other Regulations Relating to Transportation (Continued) FEDERAL TRANSIT ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION BUY AMERICA REQUIREMENTS § 661.18 Intentional violations. A person shall be...

Clauser-Horne-Shimony-Holt violation and the entropy-concurrence plane

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Derkacz, Lukasz; Jakobczyk, Lech

2005-10-15

We characterize violation of Clauser-Horne-Shimony-Holt (CHSH) inequalities for mixed two-qubit states by their mixedness and entanglement. The class of states that have maximum degree of CHSH violation for a given linear entropy is also constructed.