SAT Encoding of Unification in EL

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Baader, Franz; Morawska, Barbara

Unification in Description Logics has been proposed as a novel inference service that can, for example, be used to detect redundancies in ontologies. In a recent paper, we have shown that unification in EL is NP-complete, and thus of a complexity that is considerably lower than in other Description Logics of comparably restricted expressive power. In this paper, we introduce a new NP-algorithm for solving unification problems in EL, which is based on a reduction to satisfiability in propositional logic (SAT). The advantage of this new algorithm is, on the one hand, that it allows us to employ highly optimized state-of-the-art SAT solvers when implementing an EL-unification algorithm. On the other hand, this reduction provides us with a proof of the fact that EL-unification is in NP that is much simpler than the one given in our previous paper on EL-unification.

Discovery of proton decay: A must for theory, a challenge for experiment

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Pati, Jogesh C.

2000-08-01

It is noted that, but for one missing piece—proton decay—the evidence in support of grand unification is now strong. It includes: (i) the observed family-structure, (ii) the meeting of the gauge couplings, (iii) neutrino-oscillations, (iv) the intricate pattern of the masses and mixings of all fermions, including the neutrinos, and (v) the need for B-L as a generator, to implement baryogenesis. Taken together, these not only favor grand unification but in fact select out a particular route to such unification, based on the ideas of supersymmetry, SU(4)-color and left-right symmetry. Thus they point to the relevance of an effective string-unified G(224) or SO(10)-symmetry. A concrete proposal is presented, within a predictive SO(10)/G(224)-framework, that successfully describes the masses and mixings of all fermions, including the neutrinos—with eight predictions, all in agreement with observation. Within this framework, a systematic study of proton decay is carried out, which pays special attention to its dependence on the fermion masses, including the superheavy Majorana masses of the right-handed neutrinos. The study shows that a conservative upper limit on the proton lifetime is about (1/2-1)×1034yrs, with ν¯K+ being the dominant decay mode, and as a distinctive feature, μ+K0 being prominent. This in turn strongly suggests that an improvement in the current sensitivity by a factor of five to ten (compared to SuperK) ought to reveal proton decay. Otherwise some promising and remarkably successful ideas on unification would suffer a major setback.

Advantages of unity with SU(4)-color: Reflections through neutrino oscillations, baryogenesis and proton decay

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Pati, Jogesh C.

2017-03-01

By way of paying tribute to Abdus Salam, I first recall the ideas of higher unification which the two of us introduced in 1972-73 to remove certain shortcomings in the status of particle physics prevailing then, and then present their current role in theory as well as experiments. These attempts initiated the idea of grand unification and provided the core symmetry-structure G(2, 2, 4) = SU(2)L × SU(2)R × SU(4)-color towards such a unification. Embodied with quark-lepton unification and left-right symmetry, the symmetry G(2, 2, 4) is uniquely chosen as being the minimal one that permits members of a family to belong to a single multiplet. The minimal extension of G(2, 2, 4) to a simple group is given by the attractive SO(10)-symmetry that was suggested a year later. The new concepts, and the many advantages introduced by this core symmetry (which are, of course, retained by SO(10) as well) are noted. These include explanations of the observed: (i) (rather weird) electroweak and color quantum numbers of the members of a family; (ii) quantization of electric charge; (iii) electron-proton charge-ratio being - 1; (iv) the co-existence of quarks and leptons; (v) likewise that of the three basic forces — the weak, electromagnetic and strong; (vi) the non-trivial cancelation of the triangle anomalies within each family; and opening the door for (vii) the appealing concept of parity being an exact symmetry of nature at the fundamental level. In addition, as a distinguishing feature, both because of SU(4)-color and independently because of SU(2)R as well, the symmetry G(2, 2, 4) introduced, to my knowledge, for the first time in the literature: (viii) a new kind of matter — the right-handed (RH) neutrino (νR) — as a compelling member of each family, and together with it; (ix) (B-L) as a local symmetry. The RH neutrions — contrary to prejudices held in the 1970’s against neutrinos being massive and thereby against the existence of νR’s as well — have in fact turned out to be an asset. They are needed to (a) understand naturally the tiny mass-scales observed in neutrino oscillations by combining the seesaw mechanism together with the unification ideas based on the symmetry SU(4)-color, and also (b) to implement the attractive mechanism of baryogenesis via leptogenesis. The quantitative success of the attempts as regards understanding both (a) and (b) are discussed in Sec. 6. These provide a clear support simultaneously for the following three features: (i) the seesaw mechanism, (ii) the SU(4)-color route to higher unification based on a symmetry like SO(10) or a string-derived G(2, 2, 4) symmetry in 4D, as opposed to alternative symmetries like SU(5) or even [SU(3)]3, and (iii) the (B-L)-breaking scale being close to the unification scale ˜ 2 × 1016 GeV. The observed dramatic meeting of the three gauge couplings in the context of low-energy supersymmetry, at a scale MU ˜ 2 × 1016 GeV, providing strong evidence in favor of the ideas of both grand unification and supersymmetry, is discussed in Sec. 3. The implications of such a meeting in the context of string-unification are briefly mentioned. Weighing the possibility of a stringy origin of gauge coupling unification versus the familiar problem of doublet-triplet splitting in supersymmetric SO(10) (or SU(5)), I discuss the common advantages as well as relative merits and demerits of an effective SO(10) versus a string-derived G(2, 2, 4) symmetry in 4D. In Sec. 7, I discuss the hallmark prediction of grand unification, viz. proton decay, which is a generic feature of most models of grand unification. I present results of works carried out in collaboration with Babu and Wilczek and most recently with Babu and Tavartkiladze on expectations for decay modes and lifetimes for proton decay, including upper limits for such lifetimes, in the context of a well-motivated class of supersymmetric SO(10)-models. In view of such expectations, I stress the pressing need for having the next-generation large underground detectors — like DUNE and HyperKamiokande — coupled to long-baseline neutrino beams to search simultaneously with high sensitivity for (a) proton decay, (b) neutrino oscillations and (c) supernova neutrinos. It is remarked that the potential for major discoveries through these searches would be high. Some concluding remarks on the invaluable roles of neutrinos and especially of proton decay in probing physics at the highest energy scales are made in the last section. The remarkable success of a class of supersymmetric grand unification models (discussed here) in explaining a large set of distinct phenomena is summarized. Noticing such a success and yet its limitations in addressing some fundamental issues within its premises, such as an understanding of the origin of the three families, and most importantly, the realization of a well-understood unified quantum theory of gravity describing reality, some wishes are expressed on the possible emergence and the desirable role of a string-derived grand-unified bridge between string/M-theory in higher dimensions and the world of phenomena at low energies.

String unification scale and the hyper-charge Kac-Moody level in the non-supersymmetric standard model

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Cho, Gi-Chol; Hagiwara, Kaoru

1998-02-01

The string theory predicts the unification of the gauge couplings and gravity. The minimal supersymmetric Standard Model, however, gives the unification scale ~2x1016 GeV which is significantly smaller than the string scale ~5x1017 GeV of the weak coupling heterotic string theory. We study the unification scale of the non-supersymmetric minimal Standard Model quantitatively at the two-loop level. We find that the unification scale should be at most ~4x1016 GeV and the desired Kac-Moody level of the hyper-charge coupling should be 1.33<~kY<~1.35.

International Scientific Terminology and Neologisms in the Course of Unification.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Stoberski, Zygmunt

1978-01-01

Provides a list of international medical and pharmaceutical terminology in three stages of development: (1) established international terms; (2) neologisms in the course of unification; and (3) recent neologisms in the course of unification. (AM)

PUP: An Architecture to Exploit Parallel Unification in Prolog

DTIC Science & Technology

1988-03-01

environment stacking mo del similar to the Warren Abstract Machine [23] since it has been shown to be super ior to other known models (see [21]). The storage...execute in groups of independent operations. Unifications belonging to different group s may not overlap. Also unification operations belonging to the...since all parallel operations on the unification units must complete before any of the units can star t executing the next group of parallel

Unity of elementary particles and forces in higher dimensions.

PubMed

Gogoladze, Ilia; Mimura, Yukihiro; Nandi, S

2003-10-03

The idea of unifying all the gauge and Yukawa forces as well as the gauge, Higgs, and fermionic matter particles naturally leads us to a simple gauge symmetry in higher dimensions with supersymmetry. We present a model in which, for the first time, such a unification is achieved in the framework of quantum field theory.

Towards a computational- and algorithmic-level account of concept blending using analogies and amalgams

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Besold, Tarek R.; Kühnberger, Kai-Uwe; Plaza, Enric

2017-10-01

Concept blending - a cognitive process which allows for the combination of certain elements (and their relations) from originally distinct conceptual spaces into a new unified space combining these previously separate elements, and enables reasoning and inference over the combination - is taken as a key element of creative thought and combinatorial creativity. In this article, we summarise our work towards the development of a computational-level and algorithmic-level account of concept blending, combining approaches from computational analogy-making and case-based reasoning (CBR). We present the theoretical background, as well as an algorithmic proposal integrating higher-order anti-unification matching and generalisation from analogy with amalgams from CBR. The feasibility of the approach is then exemplified in two case studies.

Assessment of the suitability of GOCE-based geoid models for the unification of the North American vertical datums

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Amjadiparvar, Babak; Sideris, Michael

2015-04-01

Precise gravimetric geoid heights are required when the unification of vertical datums is performed using the Geodetic Boundary Value Problem (GBVP) approach. Five generations of Global Geopotential Models (GGMs) derived from Gravity field and steady-state Ocean Circulation Explorer (GOCE) observations have been computed and released so far (available via IAG's International Centre for Global Earth Models, ICGEM, http://icgem.gfz-potsdam.de/ICGEM/). The performance of many of these models with respect to geoid determination has been studied in order to select the best performing model to be used in height datum unification in North America. More specifically, Release-3, 4 and 5 of the GOCE-based global geopotential models have been evaluated using GNSS-levelling data as independent control values. Comparisons against EGM2008 show that each successive release improves upon the previous one, with Release-5 models showing an improvement over EGM2008 in Canada and CONUS between spherical harmonic degrees 100 and 210. In Alaska and Mexico, a considerable improvement over EGM2008 was brought by the Release-5 models when used up to spherical harmonic degrees of 250 and 280, respectively. The positive impact of the Release-5 models was also felt when a gravimetric geoid was computed using the GOCE-based GGMs together with gravity and topography data in Canada. This geoid model, with appropriately modified Stokes kernel between spherical harmonic degrees 190 and 260, performed better than the official Canadian gravimetric geoid model CGG2013, thus illustrating the advantages of using the latest release GOCE-based models for vertical datum unification in North America.

Higher-Order Neural Networks Recognize Patterns

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Reid, Max B.; Spirkovska, Lilly; Ochoa, Ellen

1996-01-01

Networks of higher order have enhanced capabilities to distinguish between different two-dimensional patterns and to recognize those patterns. Also enhanced capabilities to "learn" patterns to be recognized: "trained" with far fewer examples and, therefore, in less time than necessary to train comparable first-order neural networks.

The Influence of Internationalisation and National Identity on Teaching and Assessments in Higher Education

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Vinther, Jane; Slethaug, Gordon

2013-01-01

Recent and current changes in higher education have been both top-down and bottom-up, i.e. regulation and control measures from authorities on one hand and increasing numbers of international students on the other. This has led to a dilemma between unification and diversification. There is a marked pressure towards more testing, more streamlining…

77 FR 3787 - Notice of Submission of Proposed Information Collection to OMB; Family Unification Program (FUP)

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-01-25

... Proposed Information Collection to OMB; Family Unification Program (FUP) AGENCY: Office of the Chief... Paperwork Reduction Act. The Department is soliciting public comments on the subject proposal. Application for the Family Unification Program: Makes Housing Choice Vouchers available to eligible families to...

76 FR 11505 - Notice of Submission of Proposed Information Collection to OMB Family Unification Program (FUP)

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-03-02

... Proposed Information Collection to OMB Family Unification Program (FUP) AGENCY: Office of the Chief... Paperwork Reduction Act. The Department is soliciting public comments on the subject proposal. Application for the Family Unification Program: Makes Housing Choice Vouchers available to eligible families to...

Exploratory Movement Generates Higher-Order Information That Is Sufficient for Accurate Perception of Scaled Egocentric Distance

PubMed Central

Mantel, Bruno; Stoffregen, Thomas A.; Campbell, Alain; Bardy, Benoît G.

2015-01-01

Body movement influences the structure of multiple forms of ambient energy, including optics and gravito-inertial force. Some researchers have argued that egocentric distance is derived from inferential integration of visual and non-visual stimulation. We suggest that accurate information about egocentric distance exists in perceptual stimulation as higher-order patterns that extend across optics and inertia. We formalize a pattern that specifies the egocentric distance of a stationary object across higher-order relations between optics and inertia. This higher-order parameter is created by self-generated movement of the perceiver in inertial space relative to the illuminated environment. For this reason, we placed minimal restrictions on the exploratory movements of our participants. We asked whether humans can detect and use the information available in this higher-order pattern. Participants judged whether a virtual object was within reach. We manipulated relations between body movement and the ambient structure of optics and inertia. Judgments were precise and accurate when the higher-order optical-inertial parameter was available. When only optic flow was available, judgments were poor. Our results reveal that participants perceived egocentric distance from the higher-order, optical-inertial consequences of their own exploratory activity. Analysis of participants’ movement trajectories revealed that self-selected movements were complex, and tended to optimize availability of the optical-inertial pattern that specifies egocentric distance. We argue that accurate information about egocentric distance exists in higher-order patterns of ambient energy, that self-generated movement can generate these higher-order patterns, and that these patterns can be detected and used to support perception of egocentric distance that is precise and accurate. PMID:25856410

77 FR 26565 - Notice of Submission of Proposed Information Collection to OMB Housing for Youth Aging Out of...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-05-04

.... This information collection will support research on the role of Family Unification Program vouchers in... Use: This information collection will support research on the role of Family Unification Program... agencies (PHA) that have an allotment of Family Unification program vouchers (n=300) to determine whether...

Neutralino dark matter and other LHC predictions from quasi Yukawa unification

DOE PAGES

Shafi, Qaisar; Tanyıldızı, Şükrü Hanif; Ün, Cem Salih

2015-10-01

We explore the dark matter and LHC implications of t-b-τt-b-τ quasi Yukawa unification in the framework of supersymmetric models based on the gauge symmetry G=SU(4) c×SU(2) L×SU(2) R. The deviation from exact Yukawa unification is quantified by a dimensionless parameter C (|C|≲0.2|C|≲0.2), such that the Yukawa couplings at M GUT are related by y t:y b:y τ=|1+C|:|1-C|:|1+3C|. In contrast to earlier studies which focused on universal gaugino masses, we consider non-universal gaugino masses at M GUT that are compatible with the gauge symmetry G. Our results reveal a variety of neutralino dark matter scenarios consistent with the observations. These includemore » stau and chargino coannihilation scenarios, the A -resonance scenario, as well as Higgsino dark matter solutions which are more readily probed by direct detection searches. The gluino mass is found to be ≲4 TeV≲4 TeV, the stop mass is ≳2 TeV≳2 TeV, while the first two family squarks and sleptons are of order 4–5 TeV and 3 TeV respectively.« less

Vector-like quarks and leptons, SU(5) ⊗ SU(5) grand unification, and proton decay

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lee, Chang-Hun; Mohapatra, Rabindra N.

2017-02-01

SU(5) ⊗ SU(5) provides a minimal grand unification scheme for fermions and gauge forces if there are vector-like quarks and leptons in nature. We explore the gauge coupling unification in a non-supersymmetric model of this type, and study its implications for proton decay. The properties of vector-like quarks and intermediate scales that emerge from coupling unification play a central role in suppressing proton decay. We find that in this model, the familiar decay mode p → e +π0 may have a partial lifetime within the reach of currently planned experiments.

Unification of gauge and Yukawa couplings

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Abdalgabar, Ammar; Khojali, Mohammed Omer; Cornell, Alan S.; Cacciapaglia, Giacomo; Deandrea, Aldo

2018-01-01

The unification of gauge and top Yukawa couplings is an attractive feature of gauge-Higgs unification models in extra-dimensions. This feature is usually considered difficult to obtain based on simple group theory analyses. We reconsider a minimal toy model including the renormalisation group running at one loop. Our results show that the gauge couplings unify asymptotically at high energies, and that this may result from the presence of an UV fixed point. The Yukawa coupling in our toy model is enhanced at low energies, showing that a genuine unification of gauge and Yukawa couplings may be achieved.

Quantitative and qualitative analysis of palatal rugae patterns in Gujarati population: A retrospective, cross-sectional study.

PubMed

Pillai, Jayasankar; Banker, Alka; Bhattacharya, Amit; Gandhi, Radha; Patel, Nupur; Parikh, Sarthak

2016-01-01

Palatal rugae are irregular and nonidentical mucosal elevations seen on the anterior third of palate. They are arranged in transverse direction on either side of the median palatine raphe (MPR) and are protected from high temperature and trauma because of their rational position in the oral cavity. Their number and patterns are not uniform in all the individuals, and they appear to vary in different population subsets. The study of palatal rugae is termed as "Rugoscopy" or "Palatoscopy", and it finds its application in various fields such as anthropology, orthodontics, forensic sciences; including forensic odonto-stomatology. The aim of this study was to evaluate the quantitative and qualitative parameters of palatal rugae using pre-orthodontic study models of Gujarati samples. (1) To identify the predominant palatal arch forms in the study samples. (2) To evaluate and correlate the rugae count in both male and female samples with the different palatal arch forms. (3) To assess the symmetry and/or asymmetry in rugae count between the right and left side. (4) To analyze and correlate the qualitative characters such as size, shape, direction, and unification in male and female study samples. One hundred pre-orthodontic maxillary dental stone casts of patients with an age range of 17-25 years were selected. The outlines of the rugae were traced using microtip graphite pencil and examined using magnifying glass for different patterns. The quantity and quality of rugae patterns were recorded according to Thomas et al . classification and the data were statistically analyzed by the statistician using SPSS program. Overall, 962 rugae were observed in the study sample. The mean rugae count was 9.86 in males and 9.38 in females. The left side rugae count was more than the right side in both the sexes and it was not statistically significant. Fifty-six percent of the samples showed asymmetry in rugae count between the right and left. Class B palatal arch form was the most common type in the study samples. The number of primary rugae count was more in both the sexes. The distribution of straight (40.2%) and curved (40.4%) types of rugae were almost equal in males but in females, the straight rugae pattern (42.2%) was more than the curved (36.9%), followed by wavy and circular. Of 962 rugae, 36.4% were of horizontal type followed by forward (33.4%) and backward (29.2%). About 1 % of rugae showed perpendicular pattern and only 9.25% showed unification pattern and the divergent type of unification was more common than the convergent type. There is no gender discrimination in relation to any of the metric or non-metric parameters of the palatal rugae in this study samples. No two samples showed similarity in the distribution of palatal rugae patterns. The straight and horizontal rugae distributions were predominant in our Gujarati Study samples.

Investigating the properties of low-mass AGN and their connection to unification models

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hood, Carol Elizabeth

The most basic model of active galactic nuclei (AGN) suggest the observational differences between Type 1 and Type 2 objects are solely due to the orientation angle of the object. Although there are still some unanswered questions about the structures surrounding the central engines of the AGN, such as if the obscuring region is due to a dusty torus or an outflowing wind, observations (e.g. the detections of broad lines in the polarized light of some Type 2 objects) have proved consistent with predictions and continue to strengthen the case for unification. However, many are still searching for "true" Type 2 objects. These objects optically look like other Type 2 objects, but instead of having their broad line region blocked from the line-of-sight by the obscuring region, they are believed to lack the broad line region altogether. Others have predicted that at low luminosity or low accretion rate, the broad line region will disappear, leaving all objects to optically look like Type 2 objects, despite their level of intrinsic absorption. Low-mass (< 10^6 solar masses) AGN provide interesting environments in which these unification models can be studied. We present an in-depth multi-wavelength study of one of the prototypical low-mass AGN, POX 52, investigating the properties of the central engine along with that of the host galaxy. In addition, we examine the X-ray properties of a sample of Type 2 objects observed with XMM-Newton and the IR properties of a sample of both Type 1 and 2 objects observed with the Spitzer Infrared Spectrograph, in order to study the absorption properties of these objects and test the validity of unification models in the low-mass regime. We find little to no evidence of any "true" Type 2 objects in any of our samples, and show that in all tests preformed, low-mass AGN appear to simply be scaled-down versions of their more massive counterparts, keeping current unification models intact down to the lowest black hole masses probed to date.

Height system unification based on the Fixed Geodetic Boundary Value Problem with limited availability of gravity data

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Porz, Lucas; Grombein, Thomas; Seitz, Kurt; Heck, Bernhard; Wenzel, Friedemann

2017-04-01

Regional height reference systems are generally related to individual vertical datums defined by specific tide gauges. The discrepancies of these vertical datums with respect to a unified global datum cause height system biases that range in an order of 1-2 m at a global scale. One approach for unification of height systems relates to the solution of a Geodetic Boundary Value Problem (GBVP). In particular, the fixed GBVP, using gravity disturbances as boundary values, is solved at GNSS/leveling benchmarks, whereupon height datum offsets can be estimated by least squares adjustment. In spherical approximation, the solution of the fixed GBVP is obtained by Hotine's spherical integral formula. However, this method relies on the global availability of gravity data. In practice, gravity data of the necessary resolution and accuracy is not accessible globally. Thus, the integration is restricted to an area within the vicinity of the computation points. The resulting truncation error can reach several meters in height, making height system unification without further consideration of this effect unfeasible. This study analyzes methods for reducing the truncation error by combining terrestrial gravity data with satellite-based global geopotential models and by modifying the integral kernel in order to accelerate the convergence of the resulting potential. For this purpose, EGM2008-derived gravity functionals are used as pseudo-observations to be integrated numerically. Geopotential models of different spectral degrees are implemented using a remove-restore-scheme. Three types of modification are applied to the Hotine-kernel and the convergence of the resulting potential is analyzed. In a further step, the impact of these operations on the estimation of height datum offsets is investigated within a closed loop simulation. A minimum integration radius in combination with a specific modification of the Hotine-kernel is suggested in order to achieve sub-cm accuracy for the estimation of height datum offsets.

A model of comprehensive unification

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Reig, Mario; Valle, José W. F.; Vaquera-Araujo, C. A.; Wilczek, Frank

2017-11-01

Comprehensive - that is, gauge and family - unification using spinors has many attractive features, but it has been challenged to explain chirality. Here, by combining an orbifold construction with more traditional ideas, we address that difficulty. Our candidate model features three chiral families and leads to an acceptable result for quantitative unification of couplings. A potential target for accelerator and astronomical searches emerges.

SU(5) unification with TeV-scale leptoquarks

DOE PAGES

Cox, Peter; Kusenko, Alexander; Sumensari, Olcyr; ...

2017-03-07

It has previously been noted that SU(5) unification can be achieved via the simple addition of light scalar leptoquarks from two split 10 multiplets. We explore the parameter space of this model in detail and find that unification requires at least one leptoquark to have mass below ≈ 16 TeV. We point out that introducing splitting of the 24 allows the unification scale to be raised beyond 10 16 GeV, while a U(1) PQ symmetry can be imposed to forbid dangerous proton decay mediated by the light leptoquarks. The latest bounds from LHC searches are combined and we find thatmore » a leptoquark as light as 400 GeV is still permitted. Finally, we discuss the interesting possibility that the leptoquarks required for unification could also be responsible for the 2.6σ deviation observed in the ratio R K at LHCb.« less

Constructing a Regional Order: Northeast Asia and the Systemic Constraints on Korean Unification

DTIC Science & Technology

2006-12-01

took on the qualities of “ tripolarity ” or “multipolarity” as Neorealists and Neoliberals might suggest, the 1971-1979 East-West rapprochement in fact...period is also considered “Phase 1” of the tripolarity period between the Soviet Union, the PRC, and the United States. See Yahuda, 72-85. 139

SO(10) Yukawa unification: SUSY on the edge

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Raby, Stuart

2016-06-01

In this talk we discuss SO(10) Yukawa unification and its ramifications for phenomenology. The initial constraints come from fitting the top, bottom and tau masses, requiring large tan β ~ 50 and particular values for soft SUSY breaking parameters. We perform a global χ2 analysis, fitting the recently observed `Higgs' with mass of order 125 GeV in addition to fermion masses and mixing angles and several flavor violating observables. We discuss two distinct GUT scale boundary conditions for soft SUSY breaking masses. In both cases we have a universal cubic scalar parameter, A0, non-universal Higgs masses and universal squark and slepton masses, m16. In the first case we consider universal gaugino masses, while in the latter case we have non-universal gaugino masses. We discuss the spectrum of SUSY particle masses, consequences for the LHC and the issue of fine-tuning.

Germany Since Unification. Workshop Leader's Manual. An Introduction to Social Studies Instructional Resource Materials for Teaching about Germany Since Unification.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Blankenship, Glen

This manual is designed to offer support for the instructional resources guides on "Germany since Unification." It provides the basis for a full-day inservice training session on the use of those materials. The format can be modified to meet the needs of leaders, audiences, and time frames. Using the materials developed by teachers and…

The Emergence and Institutionalisation of the European Higher Education and Research Area

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Beerkens, Eric

2008-01-01

Since the European unification project started in the 1950s, rules, regulations and policies have been formulated by the European Union (and its predecessors) to facilitate the flow of products and people; those who benefited from the increasing transnational exchange urged European actors to remove remaining obstacles and further facilitate…

Maintaining Identity Political Culture In Indonesia

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Fauzi, AM; Sudrajat, A.; Affandi, A.; Raditya, A.

2018-01-01

This study investigates the portrayal of traditional political cultures in West Kalimantan Province, a growing of election process. Results showed that Political life in Indonesia leads to modern political culture after experiencing a change of paradigm of political life. Political life in Indonesia leads to modern political culture after experiencing a change of paradigm of political life. Beginning Indonesia’s independence in the Old Order Phase, the politics used using the ideological paradigm, subsequent to the New Order Period used the political paradigm of unification and simplification of political parties but in practice it became the strategy of the State’s rulers to facilitate subjugating its citizens. After entering the reform era, several phenomena of political culture are displayed, some are using modern paradigm by giving women the widest possible role in political parties, and so on. Besides that there is the opposite of displaying and practicing traditional political culture, this is as it runs in West Borneo Province. The change of political culture in the modern direction is different from the political culture of the citizens in terms of who will be chosen, most West Borneo Province residents determine their political choice by using traditional patterns.

Can an unbroken flavour symmetry provide an approximate description of lepton masses and mixing?

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Reyimuaji, Y.; Romanino, A.

2018-03-01

We provide a complete answer to the following question: what are the flavour groups and representations providing, in the symmetric limit, an approximate description of lepton masses and mixings? We assume that neutrino masses are described by the Weinberg operator. We show that the pattern of lepton masses and mixings only depends on the dimension, type (real, pseudoreal, complex), and equivalence of the irreducible components of the flavour representation, and we find only six viable cases. In all cases the neutrinos are either anarchical or have an inverted hierarchical spectrum. In the context of SU(5) unification, only the anarchical option is allowed. Therefore, if the hint of a normal hierarchical spectrum were confirmed, we would conclude (under the above assumption) that symmetry breaking effects must play a leading order role in the understanding of neutrino flavour observables. In order to obtain the above results, we develop a simple algorithm to determine the form of the lepton masses and mixings directly from the structure of the decomposition of the flavour representation in irreducible components, without the need to specify the form of the lepton mass matrices.

One leptoquark to unify them? Neutrino masses and unification in the light of (g - 2)μ, R D (⋆) and RK anomalies

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Popov, Oleg; White, G. A.

2017-10-01

Leptoquarks have been proposed as a possible explanation of anomalies in B bar ↦D* τ ν bar decays, the apparent anomalies in (g - 2) μ experiments and a violation of lepton universality. Motivated by this, we examine other motivations of leptoquarks: radiatively induced neutrino masses in the presence of a discrete symmetry that prevents a tree level see-saw mechanism, gauge coupling unification, and vacuum stability at least up to the unification scale. We present a new model for radiatively generating a neutrino mass which can significantly improve gauge coupling unification at one loop. We discuss this, and other models in the light of recent work on flavour anomalies.

Morphological study of the palatal rugae in western Indian population.

PubMed

Gondivkar, Shailesh M; Patel, Swetal; Gadbail, Amol R; Gaikwad, Rahul N; Chole, Revant; Parikh, Rima V

2011-10-01

The aim of this study was to identify and compare the different morphological rugae patterns in males and females of western Indian population, which may be an additional method of identification in cases of crimes or aircraft accidents. A total of 108 plaster casts, equally distributed between the sexes and belonging to similar age-group, were examined for different biometric characteristics of the palatal rugae including number, shape, length, direction and unification and their incidence recorded. Association between these rugae biometric characteristics and sex were tested using chi-square analysis and statistical descriptors were identified for each of these parameters using the SPSS 15.0. The study revealed a statistically significant difference in the total number of rugae between the two sexes (P = 0.000). The different types of rugae between the males and females were statistically compared. The female showed a highly significant difference in the sinuous (P = 0.002) and primary type (P = 0.000) while the male had a significant difference in the unification (P = 0.005). The predominant direction of the rugae was found to be forward relative to backward. It may be concluded that the rugae pattern can be an additional method of differentiation between the male and female in conjunction with the other methods such as visual, fingerprints, and dental characteristics in forensic sciences. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Ltd and Faculty of Forensic and Legal Medicine. All rights reserved.

Grand unification and low scale implications: D2 parity for unification and neutrino masses

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tavartkiladze, Zurab

2014-06-01

The Grand Unified SU(5)-SU(5)' model, augmented with D2 Parity, is considered. The latter play crucial role for phenomenology. The model has several novel properties and gives interesting phenomenological implications. The charged leptons together with right handed (or sterile) neutrinos emerge es composite states. Within considered scenario, we study the charged fermion and neutrino mass generation. Moreover, we show that the model gives successful gauge coupling unification.

A Healthy Sorting Machine? Social Inequality in the Transition to Upper Secondary Education in Germany

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Schneider, Silke L.; Tieben, Nicole

2011-01-01

The German secondary education system is highly stratified. However, the higher tracks have expanded vastly over the last decades, leading to substantial changes in the distribution of students across the different tracks. Following the German re-unification, the school structure itself has also changed to some degree. Furthermore, several smaller…

Phase transitions triggered by quantum fluctuations in the inflationary universe

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Nagasawa, Michiyasu; Yokoyama, Junichi

1991-01-01

The dynamics of a second-order phase transition during inflation, which is induced by time-variation of spacetime curvature, is studied as a natural mechanism to produce topological defects of typical grand unification scales such as cosmic strings or global textures. It is shown that their distribution is almost scale-invariant with small- and large-scale cutoffs. Also discussed is how these cutoffs are given.

Implications of Ultrahigh Energy Air Showers for Physics and Astrophysics

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Stecker, F. W.; White, Nicholas E. (Technical Monitor)

2002-01-01

The primary ultrahigh energy particles which produce giant extensive air showers in the Earth atmosphere present an intriguing mystery from two points of view: (1) How are the base particles produced with such astounding energies, eight orders of magnitude higher than those produced by the best man-made terrestrial accelerators? (2) Since they are most likely extragalactic in origin, how do they reach us from extragalactic distances without suffering the severe losses expected from interactions with the 2.7 K thermal cosmic background photons, the so called GZK effect? The answers to these questions may involve new physics: violations of special relativity, grand unification theories, and quantum gravity theories involving large extra dimensions. They may involve new astrophysical sources, "zevatrons". Or some heretofore totally unknown physics or astrophysics may hold the answer. I will discuss here the mysteries involving the production and extragalactic propagation of ultrahigh energy cosmic rays and some suggested possible solutions.

Graphical Representations and Cluster Algorithms for Ice Rule Vertex Models.

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Shtengel, Kirill; Chayes, L.

2002-03-01

We introduce a new class of polymer models which is closely related to loop models, recently a topic of intensive studies. These particular models arise as graphical representations for ice-rule vertex models. The associated cluster algorithms provide a unification and generalisation of most of the existing algorithms. For many lattices, percolation in the polymer models evidently indicates first order phase transitions in the vertex models. Critical phases can be understood as being susceptible to colour symmetry breaking in the polymer models. The analysis includes, but is certainly not limited to the square lattice six-vertex model. In particular, analytic criteria can be found for low temperature phases in other even coordinated 2D lattices such as the triangular lattice, or higher dimensional lattices such as the hyper-cubic lattices of arbitrary dimensionality. Finally, our approach can be generalised to the vertex models that do not obey the ice rule, such as the eight-vertex model.

Comment on "SU(5) octet scalar at the LHC"

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Doršner, Ilja

2015-06-01

I address the validity of results presented in [S. Khalil, S. Salem, and M. Allam, Phys. Rev. D 89, 095011 (2014)] with regard to unification of gauge couplings within a particular S U (5 ) framework. The scalar sector of the proposed S U (5 ) model contains one 5-dimensional, one 24-dimensional, and one 45-dimensional representation. The authors discuss one specific unification scenario that supports the case for the LHC accessible color octet scalar. I show that the unification analysis in question is based on (i) an erroneous assumption related to the issue of nucleon stability and (ii) an incorrect input for the applicable set of renormalization group equations. This, in my view, invalidates the aforementioned gauge coupling unification study. I also question a source of the fermion mass relations presented in that work.

The minimal SUSY B - L model: simultaneous Wilson lines and string thresholds

DOE PAGES

Deen, Rehan; Ovrut, Burt A.; Purves, Austin

2016-07-08

In previous work, we presented a statistical scan over the soft supersymmetry breaking parameters of the minimal SUSY B - L model. For specificity of calculation, unification of the gauge parameters was enforced by allowing the two Z 3×Z 3 Wilson lines to have mass scales separated by approximately an order of magnitude. This introduced an additional “left-right” sector below the unification scale. In this paper, for three important reasons, we modify our previous analysis by demanding that the mass scales of the two Wilson lines be simultaneous and equal to an “average unification” mass U >. The present analysismore » is 1) more “natural” than the previous calculations, which were only valid in a very specific region of the Calabi-Yau moduli space, 2) the theory is conceptually simpler in that the left-right sector has been removed and 3) in the present analysis the lack of gauge unification is due to threshold effects — particularly heavy string thresholds, which we calculate statistically in detail. As in our previous work, the theory is renormalization group evolved from U > to the electroweak scale — being subjected, sequentially, to the requirement of radiative B - L and electroweak symmetry breaking, the present experimental lower bounds on the B - L vector boson and sparticle masses, as well as the lightest neutral Higgs mass of ~125 GeV. The subspace of soft supersymmetry breaking masses that satisfies all such constraints is presented and shown to be substantial.« less

Holographic Noise in Michelson Interferometers: A Direct Experimental Probe of Unification at the Planck Scale

ScienceCinema

Hogan, Craig

2017-12-22

Classical spacetime and quantum mass-energy form the basis of all of physics. They become inconsistent at the Planck scale, 5.4 times 10^{-44} seconds, which may signify a need for reconciliation in a unified theory. Although proposals for unified theories exist, a direct experimental probe of this scale, 16 orders of magnitude above Tevatron energy, has seemed hopelessly out of reach. However in a particular interpretation of holographic unified theories, derived from black hole evaporation physics, a world assembled out of Planck-scale waves displays effects of unification with a new kind of uncertainty in position at the Planck diffraction scale, the geometric mean of the Planck length and the apparatus size. In this case a new phenomenon may measurable, an indeterminacy of spacetime position that appears as noise in interferometers. The colloquium will discuss the theory of the effect, and our plans to build a holographic interferometer at Fermilab to measure it.

Beyond description. Comment on "Approaching human language with complex networks" by Cong and Liu

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ferrer-i-Cancho, R.

2014-12-01

In their historical overview, Cong & Liu highlight Sausurre as the father of modern linguistics [1]. They apparently miss G.K. Zipf as a pioneer of the view of language as a complex system. His idea of a balance between unification and diversification forces in the organization of natural systems, e.g., vocabularies [2], can be seen as a precursor of the view of complexity as a balance between order (unification) and disorder (diversification) near the edge of chaos [3]. Although not mentioned by Cong & Liu somewhere else, trade-offs between hearer and speaker needs are very important in Zipf's view, which has inspired research on the optimal networks mapping words into meanings [4-6]. Quantitative linguists regard G.K. Zipf as the funder of modern quantitative linguistics [7], a discipline where statistics plays a central role as in network science. Interestingly, that centrality of statistics is missing Saussure's work and that of many of his successors.

Yukawa unification in an SO(10) SUSY GUT: SUSY on the edge

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Poh, Zijie; Raby, Stuart

2015-07-01

In this paper we analyze Yukawa unification in a three family SO(10) SUSY GUT. We perform a global χ2 analysis and show that supersymmetry (SUSY) effects do not decouple even though the universal scalar mass parameter at the grand unified theory (GUT) scale, m16, is found to lie between 15 and 30 TeV with the best fit given for m16≈25 TeV . Note, SUSY effects do not decouple since stops and bottoms have mass of order 5 TeV, due to renormalization group running from MGUT. The model has many testable predictions. Gauginos are the lightest sparticles and the light Higgs boson is very much standard model-like. The model is consistent with flavor and C P observables with the BR (μ →e γ ) close to the experimental upper bound. With such a large value of m16 we clearly cannot be considered "natural" SUSY nor are we "split" SUSY. We are thus in the region in between or "SUSY on the edge."

SO(10) Yukawa unification after the first run of the LHC

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Raby, Stuart

2014-06-01

In this talk we discuss SO(10) Yukawa unification and its ramifications for phenomenology. The initial constraints come from fitting the top, bottom and tau masses, requiring large tan β ˜ 50 and particular values for soft SUSY breaking parameters. We perform a global χ2 analysis, fitting the recently observed `Higgs' with mass of order 125 GeV in addition to fermion masses and mixing angles and several flavor violating observables. We discuss two distinct GUT scale boundary conditions for soft SUSY breaking masses. In both cases we have a universal cubic scalar parameter, A0. In the first case we consider universal gaugino masses, and universal scalar masses, m16, for squarks and sleptons; while in the latter case we have non-universal gaugino masses and either universal scalar masses, m16, for squarks and sleptons or D-term splitting of scalar masses. We discuss the spectrum of SUSY particle masses and consequences for the LHC.

Coercive Diplomacy: Otto von Bismarck and the Unification of Germany

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-02-24

politician, he forged a German empire under Prussian leadership that was ultimately realized on January 18, 1871, when King William I was crowned Emperor...the same pressures. King Frederick William cowered in the face of conflict, ordered his military to cease fighting the revolutionaries, and agreed...parliamentary rule, and the dissolution of the Prussian state into Germany. “Bismarck made himself noteworthy by his 6 championship of Prussian superiority

Comment on "Unification of multiqubit polygamy inequalities"

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Song, Wei; Zhao, Jun-Long; Yu, Long-Bao; Zhang, Li-Hua

2017-05-01

Recently, Kim established a unified view of polygamy of multiqubit entanglement [Phys. Rev. A 85, 032335 (2012), 10.1103/PhysRevA.85.032335]. In order to prove their main results, Kim first proposed an important property which is illustrated in Lemma 2. We point out that his proofs of Lemma 2 are flawed because of some errors in his derivations. Furthermore, we present an improved method to prove the original results.

Unification Costs for Korea and the Korean Peninsula

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-12-01

employment; education; culture, sports , and tourism ; environment; military; foreign affairs; public order and safety; and public administration (see Table...percentage of budget) Health, Welfare, and Employment 105.2 30.6 Education 48.1 14.0 Culture, Physical, and Tourism 5.5 1.6 Environment 6.2 1.8...102 The United States would export business and professional services; NK would export traveling and tourism services to the United States. Thanks

Model-based object classification using unification grammars and abstract representations

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Liburdy, Kathleen A.; Schalkoff, Robert J.

1993-04-01

The design and implementation of a high level computer vision system which performs object classification is described. General object labelling and functional analysis require models of classes which display a wide range of geometric variations. A large representational gap exists between abstract criteria such as `graspable' and current geometric image descriptions. The vision system developed and described in this work addresses this problem and implements solutions based on a fusion of semantics, unification, and formal language theory. Object models are represented using unification grammars, which provide a framework for the integration of structure and semantics. A methodology for the derivation of symbolic image descriptions capable of interacting with the grammar-based models is described and implemented. A unification-based parser developed for this system achieves object classification by determining if the symbolic image description can be unified with the abstract criteria of an object model. Future research directions are indicated.

Study of constrained minimal supersymmetry

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kane, G. L.; Kolda, Chris; Roszkowski, Leszek; Wells, James D.

1994-06-01

Taking seriously the phenomenological indications for supersymmetry we have made a detailed study of unified minimal SUSY, including many effects at the few percent level in a consistent fashion. We report here a general analysis of what can be studied without choosing a particular gauge group at the unification scale. Firstly, we find that the encouraging SUSY unification results of recent years do survive the challenge of a more complete and accurate analysis. Taking into account effects at the 5-10 % level leads to several improvements of previous results and allows us to sharpen our predictions for SUSY in the light of unification. We perform a thorough study of the parameter space and look for patterns to indicate SUSY predictions, so that they do not depend on arbitrary choices of some parameters or untested assumptions. Our results can be viewed as a fully constrained minimal SUSY standard model. The resulting model forms a well-defined basis for comparing the physics potential of different facilities. Very little of the acceptable parameter space has been excluded by CERN LEP or Fermilab so far, but a significant fraction can be covered when these accelerators are upgraded. A number of initial applications to the understanding of the values of mh and mt, the SUSY spectrum, detectability of SUSY at LEP II or Fermilab, B(b-->sγ), Γ(Z-->bb¯), dark matter, etc., are included in a separate section that might be of more interest to some readers than the technical aspects of model building. We formulate an approach to extracting SUSY parameters from data when superpartners are detected. For small tanβ or large mt both m1/2 and m0 are entirely bounded from above at ~1 TeV without having to use a fine-tuning constraint.

Split Dirac Supersymmetry: An Ultraviolet Completion of Higgsino Dark Matter

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Fox, Patrick J.; Kribs, Graham D.; Martin, Adam

2014-10-07

Motivated by the observation that the Higgs quartic coupling runs to zero at an intermediate scale, we propose a new framework for models of split supersymmetry, in which gauginos acquire intermediate scale Dirac masses ofmore » $$\\sim 10^{8-11}$$ GeV. Scalar masses arise from one-loop finite contributions as well as direct gravity-mediated contributions. Like split supersymmetry, one Higgs doublet is fine-tuned to be light. The scale at which the Dirac gauginos are introduced to make the Higgs quartic zero is the same as is necessary for gauge coupling unification. Thus, gauge coupling unification persists (nontrivially, due to adjoint multiplets), though with a somewhat higher unification scale $$\\gtrsim 10^{17}$$ GeV. The $$\\mu$$-term is naturally at the weak scale, and provides an opportunity for experimental verification. We present two manifestations of Split Dirac Supersymmetry. In the "Pure Dirac" model, the lightest Higgsino must decay through R-parity violating couplings, leading to an array of interesting signals in colliders. In the "Hypercharge Impure" model, the bino acquires a Majorana mass that is one-loop suppressed compared with the Dirac gluino and wino. This leads to weak scale Higgsino dark matter whose overall mass scale, as well as the mass splitting between the neutral components, is naturally generated from the same UV dynamics. We outline the challenges to discovering pseudo-Dirac Higgsino dark matter in collider and dark matter detection experiments.« less

Unity of quark and lepton interactions with symplectic gauge symmetry

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Rajpoot, S.

1982-07-01

Properties of symplectic groups are reviewed and the gauge structure of Sp(2n) derived. The electroweak unification of leptons within Sp(8) gauge symmetry and grand unification of quarks and leptons within Sp(10) gauge symmetry are discussed.

Coverage of Unification Issue in North and South Korean Papers.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Chang, Won H.

1981-01-01

Concludes that while the North Korean press gives more space to stories concerning the unification of the two Koreas than does the South, it is also more hostile and less varied in its coverage of the issue. (FL)

GEMS (Gravity Electro-Magnetism Strong) SU(5) Theory and The Prediction of Exchange Boson Masses

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Brandenburg, John

2012-10-01

The GEMS SU(5) [1] theory includes short range Nuclear Forces in the GEM unification theory [2], where the importance of the square root of the proton-electron mass ratio: σ = 42.8503 was found. The creation of mass by a Higgs field coupling must, by the Equivalence Principle, be viewed in the context of General Relativity. This is done here using Kaluza-Klein theory in a Feynman-Hawkings path integral formalism. GEM theory, quantum concepts of virtual particles, and ZPF (Zero Point Fluctuation) allow understanding of the Strong Force and Weak forces as the extension of electrodynamics in the quantum limit. The Strong and Weak forces are found to be associated with EM models of the electron and proton as finite sized structures respectively. Higher order Mie resonances off the EM ``mass at a distance'' structures associated with the electron, proton and fifth dimension generate the quanta with masses of the pion mπ = 2 me /α 140.0 MeV and Z boson: mZ = 2σ mp = 80.4 GeV. The ηc meson mη = 2980 GeV is identified with the 5^th dimension compactification force mediated by the Radion field. Another particle associated with this mass inducing field is the ``Radion'' or Higgs scattering quanta off the fifth dimension with a mass σmη 128.6 GeV which is the Higgs Boson. A GEMS SU(5) Georgi-Glashow model, is proposed, where the unification energy is now the Planck energy.[0pt] [1] Brandenburg, J.E. (2012)., STAIF II Conference Albuquerque NM[0pt] [2] Brandenburg, J.E. (2007). IEEE Transactions On Plasma Science, Vol. 35, No. 4., p845.

Korean Unification and the Future of the U.S.-ROK Alliance

DTIC Science & Technology

2016-02-01

institutionalized or largely unstruc-tured. Regardless of form, security alliances as instruments of statecraft, at their most fundamental level , reflect a...a unified Korea would, at a macro level , reinforce the inter- national liberal democratic order. At a micro level , it could help ensure security on...Minister of Defense, which has since become an annual platform for strategic- level consultations on the alliance. Similar- ly, the Military Committee was

Few-cycle optical rogue waves: complex modified Korteweg-de Vries equation.

PubMed

He, Jingsong; Wang, Lihong; Li, Linjing; Porsezian, K; Erdélyi, R

2014-06-01

In this paper, we consider the complex modified Korteweg-de Vries (mKdV) equation as a model of few-cycle optical pulses. Using the Lax pair, we construct a generalized Darboux transformation and systematically generate the first-, second-, and third-order rogue wave solutions and analyze the nature of evolution of higher-order rogue waves in detail. Based on detailed numerical and analytical investigations, we classify the higher-order rogue waves with respect to their intrinsic structure, namely, fundamental pattern, triangular pattern, and ring pattern. We also present several new patterns of the rogue wave according to the standard and nonstandard decomposition. The results of this paper explain the generalization of higher-order rogue waves in terms of rational solutions. We apply the contour line method to obtain the analytical formulas of the length and width of the first-order rogue wave of the complex mKdV and the nonlinear Schrödinger equations. In nonlinear optics, the higher-order rogue wave solutions found here will be very useful to generate high-power few-cycle optical pulses which will be applicable in the area of ultrashort pulse technology.

GOCE-based height system unification between Greece and Turkey. First considerations over marine and land areas

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Vergos, Georgios S.; Erol, Bihter; Natsiopoulos, Dimitrios A.; Grigoriadis, Vassilios N.; Serkan Işık, Mustafa; Tziavos, Ilias N.

2016-04-01

The unification of local vertical Datums (LVDs) at a country-wide scale has gained significant attention lately, due to the availability of GOCE-based Global Geopotential Models (GGMs). The latter, offer unprecedented geoid height accuracies at the 1-1.5 cm level for spherical harmonic expansions to d/o 225-230. Within a single country, several LVDs may be used, especially in the event of islandic nations, therefore the unification of all of them to a single nation-wide LVD is of utmost importance. The same holds for neighboring countries, where the unification of their vertical datums is necessary as a tool of engineering, cross-border collaboration and environmental and risk management projects. The aforementioned set the main scope of the work carried out in the frame of the present study, which referred to the use of GOCE and GOCE/GRACE GGMs in order to unify the LVDs of Greece and Turkey. It is well-known that the two countries share common borders and are a path for large-scale engineering projects in the energy sector. Therefore, the availability of a common reference for orthometric heights in both countries and/or the determination of the relative offset of their individual zero-level geopotential value poses an emerging issue. The determination of the geopotential value Wo(LVD) for the Greek and Turkish LVDs was first carried out separately for each region performing as well different estimates for the marine area of the Aegean Sea and the terrestrial border-region along eastern Thrace. From that, possible biases of the Hellenic and Turkish LVDs themselves have been drawn and analyzed to determine spatial correlations. Then, the relative offset between the two LVDs was determined employing GPS/Levelling data for both areas and the latest GO-DIR-R5, GO-TIM-R5 and GOCO05s models as well as EGM2008. The estimation of the mean offset was used to provide as well a direct link between the Greek and Turkish LVDs with the IAG conventional value recently proposed as a Wo for a global WHS.

Unification of Gauge Couplings in the E{sub 6}SSM

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Athron, P.; King, S. F.; Luo, R.

2010-02-10

We argue that in the two--loop approximation gauge coupling unification in the exceptional supersymmetric standard model (E{sub 6}SSM) can be achieved for any phenomenologically reasonable value of alpha{sub 3}(M{sub Z}) consistent with the experimentally measured central value.

Unification of Fundamental Forces

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Salam, Abdus; Taylor, Foreword by John C.

2005-10-01

Foreword John C. Taylor; 1. Unification of fundamental forces Abdus Salam; 2. History unfolding: an introduction to the two 1968 lectures by W. Heisenberg and P. A. M. Dirac Abdus Salam; 3. Theory, criticism, and a philosophy Werner Heisenberg; 4. Methods in theoretical physics Paul Adrian Maurice Dirac.

Exploring the Use of Enterprise Content Management Systems in Unification Types of Organizations

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Izza Arshad, Noreen; Mehat, Mazlina; Ariff, Mohamed Imran Mohamed

2014-03-01

The aim of this paper is to better understand how highly standardized and integrated businesses known as unification types of organizations use Enterprise Content Management Systems (ECMS) to support their business processes. Multiple case study approach was used to study the ways two unification organizations use their ECMS in their daily work practices. Arising from these case studies are insights into the differing ways in which ECMS is used to support businesses. Based on the comparisons of the two cases, this study proposed that unification organizations may use ECMS in four ways, for: (1) collaboration, (2) information sharing that supports a standardized process structure, (3) building custom workflows that support integrated and standardized processes, and (4) providing links and access to information systems. These findings may guide organizations that are highly standardized and integrated in fashion, to achieve their intended ECMS-use, to understand reasons for ECMS failures and underutilization and to exploit technologies investments.

Searching the Future for the Legal Regime of Space Activities: the Need for Unification of National Space Legislation' Provisions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Negoda, S. A.

2002-01-01

space activities. For the future legal regime of space activities it is vital to preserve the existed principles and main provisions of the international space law. related legislations are developing rapidly. They become serious instrument for legal regulation of space activities. those projects with a foreign party involvement. Quite often partners in international space projects agree to choice a domestic law of one of them. They do this for defining a certain organizational and/or contractual issue (disputes settlement, for example) of the project. that such practice will spread widely. could help to preserve the existed important provisions of international space law (responsibility of states for their national activities, for instance). development of international space private law. We believe that solely special laws and regulations of national legislations could not regulate modern space activities. Being more and more commercial, space activities are becoming a real part of "downed to Earth" commercial activities. Therefore, in many countries provisions of civil, commercial, investment and other branches of national law are applied to such activities. which could low possible risks of such activities and to control them. Such unification seems to be suitable in the following fields: 1)implementation of provisions of international space law in national space laws; 2)definition of unified terminology, accepted by national laws of all parties; 3)unification in national legislations of a certain standards (insurance rates and rules, for instance); 4)unification in national laws of issues related to liability (for instance, a mutual wave of liability in certain types of 5)implementation in national laws of unified rules and procedures of space-related commercial disputes settlement; 6)unification of mechanisms for protection of space-related intellectual property. unification of their provisions. Special attention is paid to provisions of private law (including collision norms). conflicts between parties and national laws in light of expanding of application of national laws' provisions to space activities, 2) unification and further development of international space private law will help to maintain the authority of international public space law and to keep a proper hierarchy between these branches.

Explanatory Unification by Proofs in School Mathematics

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Komatsu, Kotaro; Fujita, Taro; Jones, Keith; Naoki, Sue

2018-01-01

Kitcher's idea of 'explanatory unification', while originally proposed in the philosophy of science, may also be relevant to mathematics education, as a way of enhancing student thinking and achieving classroom activity that is closer to authentic mathematical practice. There is, however, no mathematics education research treating explanatory…

Educational Systems and Rising Inequality: Eastern Germany after Unification

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

von Below, Susanne; Powell, Justin J. W.; Roberts, Lance W.

2013-01-01

Educational systems considerably influence educational opportunities and the resulting social inequalities. Contrasting institutional regulations of both structures and contents, the authors present a typology of educational system types in Germany to analyze their effects on social inequality in eastern Germany after unification. After 1990, the…

Systematic study of source mask optimization and verification flows

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ben, Yu; Latypov, Azat; Chua, Gek Soon; Zou, Yi

2012-06-01

Source mask optimization (SMO) emerged as powerful resolution enhancement technique (RET) for advanced technology nodes. However, there is a plethora of flow and verification metrics in the field, confounding the end user of the technique. Systemic study of different flows and the possible unification thereof is missing. This contribution is intended to reveal the pros and cons of different SMO approaches and verification metrics, understand the commonality and difference, and provide a generic guideline for RET selection via SMO. The paper discusses 3 different type of variations commonly arise in SMO, namely pattern preparation & selection, availability of relevant OPC recipe for freeform source and finally the metrics used in source verification. Several pattern selection algorithms are compared and advantages of systematic pattern selection algorithms are discussed. In the absence of a full resist model for SMO, alternative SMO flow without full resist model is reviewed. Preferred verification flow with quality metrics of DOF and MEEF is examined.

Unifying electromagnetism and gravitation without curvature

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Schuetze, D.

1985-10-01

This paper is devoted to a five-dimensional unification of the gravitational theory of Hayashi and Shirafuji with electromagnetism. Interference effects are found between gravitational contributions of matter spin and electromagnetism. This unification becomes the classical Kaluza--Klein theory if contributions of the torsion tensor related with spin are neglected.

Representational Issues in Systemic Functional Grammar and Systemic Grammar and Functional Unification Grammar. ISI Reprint Series.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Matthiessen, Christian; Kasper, Robert

Consisting of two separate papers, "Representational Issues in Systemic Functional Grammar," by Christian Matthiessen and "Systemic Grammar and Functional Unification Grammar," by Robert Kasper, this document deals with systemic aspects of natural language processing and linguistic theory and with computational applications of…

Vygotsky's Analysis of Children's Meaning Making Processes

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Mahn, Holbrook

2012-01-01

Vygotsky's work is extensive and covers many aspects of the development of children's meaning-making processes in social and cultural contexts. However, his main focus is on the examination of the unification of speaking and thinking processes. His investigation centers on the analysis of the entity created by this unification--an internal…

Corpus-Based Optimization of Language Models Derived from Unification Grammars

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Rayner, Manny; Hockey, Beth Ann; James, Frankie; Bratt, Harry; Bratt, Elizabeth O.; Gawron, Mark; Goldwater, Sharon; Dowding, John; Bhagat, Amrita

2000-01-01

We describe a technique which makes it feasible to improve the performance of a language model derived from a manually constructed unification grammar, using low-quality untranscribed speech data and a minimum of human annotation. The method is on a medium-vocabulary spoken language command and control task.

Authenticity and Unification in Quechua Language Planning.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hornberger, Nancy H.; King, Kendall

1998-01-01

Examines the potentially problematic tension between the goals of authenticity and unification in Quechua-language planning. One case study examines the orthographic debate that arose in Peru, and the second case study concerns two indigenous communities in Saraguro in the Southern Ecuadorian highlands where Spanish predominates but two Quichua…

Experience with Acore: Implementing GHC with Actors

DTIC Science & Technology

1990-10-01

Our unification algorithm must differentiate between the two and perform the unification only from Foo to bar, no matter which of the two initially...variable Y. We :passive-unify it to X. Since X is uninstantiated, it buffers the : pasive -unify message. Now the guard goal, Y = ok is executed, and the

Internationalization or globalization of higher education.

PubMed

Rezaei, Habibolah; Yousefi, Alireza; Larijani, Bagher; Dehnavieh, Reza; Rezaei, Nima; Adibi, Peyman

2018-01-01

Studies about globalization and internationalization demonstrate different attitudes in explaining these concepts. Since there is no consensus among Iranian specialists about these concepts, the purpose of this study is to explain the concepts of internationalization and globalization in Iran. This study is a systematic review done in the first half of 2016. To explain the concept of globalization and internationalization, articles in Scientific Information D atabase, Magiran database, and Google Scholar were searched with the keywords such as globalization, scientific exchange, international cooperation, curriculum exchange, student exchange, faculty exchange, multinational cooperation, transnational cooperation, and collaborative research. Articles, used in this study, were in Persian and were devoted to internationalization and globalization between 2001 and 2016. The criterion of discarding the articles was duplicity. As many as 180 Persian articles were found on this topic. After discarding repetitive articles, 64 remained. Among those, 39 articles mentioned the differences between globalization and internationalization. Definitions of globalization were categorized in four categories, including globalization, globalizing, globalization of higher education, and globalizing of higher education. Definitions about internationalization were categorized in five categories such as internationalization, internationalization of higher education, internationalization of the curriculum, internationalization of curriculum studies, and internationalization of curriculum profession. The spectrum of the globalization of higher education moves from dissonance and multipolarization to unification and single polarization of the world. One end of the spectrum, which is unification and single polarization of the world, is interpreted as globalization. The other side of the spectrum, which is dissonance and multipolarization, is interpreted as globalizing. The definition of internalization is the same as that of globalizing. In other words, it is possible to say that internalization is similar to globalizing but different from globalization.

Internationalization or globalization of higher education

PubMed Central

Rezaei, Habibolah; Yousefi, Alireza; Larijani, Bagher; Dehnavieh, Reza; Rezaei, Nima; Adibi, Peyman

2018-01-01

INTRODUCTION: Studies about globalization and internationalization demonstrate different attitudes in explaining these concepts. Since there is no consensus among Iranian specialists about these concepts, the purpose of this study is to explain the concepts of internationalization and globalization in Iran. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study is a systematic review done in the first half of 2016. To explain the concept of globalization and internationalization, articles in Scientific Information D atabase, Magiran database, and Google Scholar were searched with the keywords such as globalization, scientific exchange, international cooperation, curriculum exchange, student exchange, faculty exchange, multinational cooperation, transnational cooperation, and collaborative research. Articles, used in this study, were in Persian and were devoted to internationalization and globalization between 2001 and 2016. The criterion of discarding the articles was duplicity. RESULTS: As many as 180 Persian articles were found on this topic. After discarding repetitive articles, 64 remained. Among those, 39 articles mentioned the differences between globalization and internationalization. Definitions of globalization were categorized in four categories, including globalization, globalizing, globalization of higher education, and globalizing of higher education. Definitions about internationalization were categorized in five categories such as internationalization, internationalization of higher education, internationalization of the curriculum, internationalization of curriculum studies, and internationalization of curriculum profession. CONCLUSION: The spectrum of the globalization of higher education moves from dissonance and multipolarization to unification and single polarization of the world. One end of the spectrum, which is unification and single polarization of the world, is interpreted as globalization. The other side of the spectrum, which is dissonance and multipolarization, is interpreted as globalizing. The definition of internalization is the same as that of globalizing. In other words, it is possible to say that internalization is similar to globalizing but different from globalization. PMID:29417068

Europe '92: Consequences of the European Unification for Cultural Federalism in the Federal Republic of Germany.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Berggreen, Ingeborg

1990-01-01

Discusses consequences of European unification in the Federal Republic of Germany. Focuses on the relationships between the European Community, the federal government of Germany, and the German states. Suggests that the German states are aware of their responsibility to give education and culture a European dimension. (NL)

77 FR 14538 - Announcement of Funding Awards Family Unification Program (FUP) Fiscal Year (FY) 2010

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-03-12

... announcement contains the consolidated names and addresses of the award recipients for this year under the FUP.... Appendix A Fiscal Year 2010 Funding Awards for the Family Unification Program Recipient Address City State... DEPARTMENT OF HOUSING AND URBAN DEVELOPMENT [Docket No. 5415-FA-15] Announcement of Funding Awards...

75 FR 79012 - Notice of Proposed Information Collection for Public Comment for the Family Unification Program...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-12-17

... Information Collection for Public Comment for the Family Unification Program (FUP) AGENCY: Office of the Assistant Secretary for Public and Indian Housing, HUD. ACTION: Notice. SUMMARY: The proposed information... Department is soliciting public comments on the subject proposal. DATES: Comments Due Date: February 15, 2011...

76 FR 66315 - Notice of Proposed Information Collection for Public Comment for the Family Unification Program...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-10-26

... Information Collection for Public Comment for the Family Unification Program (FUP) AGENCY: Office of the Assistant Secretary for Public and Indian Housing, HUD. ACTION: Notice. SUMMARY: The proposed information... Department is soliciting public comments on the subject proposal. DATES: Comments Due Date: December 27, 2011...

75 FR 28095 - Culturally Significant Object Imported for Exhibition Determinations: “E Ku Ana Ka Paia...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-05-19

... DEPARTMENT OF STATE [Public Notice: 7017] Culturally Significant Object Imported for Exhibition Determinations: ``E Ku Ana Ka Paia: Unification, Responsibility and the Ku Images'' SUMMARY: Notice is hereby... object to be included in the exhibition ``E Ku Ana Ka Paia: Unification, Responsibility and the Ku Images...

Effective field theory approach to trans-TeV supersymmetry: covariant matching, Yukawa unification and Higgs couplings

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wells, James D.; Zhang, Zhengkang

2018-05-01

Dismissing traditional naturalness concerns while embracing the Higgs boson mass measurement and unification motivates careful analysis of trans-TeV supersymmetric theories. We take an effective field theory (EFT) approach, matching the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model (MSSM) onto the Standard Model (SM) EFT by integrating out heavy superpartners, and evolving MSSM and SMEFT parameters according to renormalization group equations in each regime. Our matching calculation is facilitated by the recent covariant diagrams formulation of functional matching techniques, with the full one-loop SUSY threshold corrections encoded in just 30 diagrams. Requiring consistent matching onto the SMEFT with its parameters (those in the Higgs potential in particular) measured at low energies, and in addition requiring unification of bottom and tau Yukawa couplings at the scale of gauge coupling unification, we detail the solution space of superpartner masses from the TeV scale to well above. We also provide detailed views of parameter space where Higgs coupling measurements have probing capability at future colliders beyond the reach of direct superpartner searches at the LHC.

Low energy, left-right symmetry restoration in SO(N) GUTS

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Holman, R.

1982-01-01

A general n step symmetry breaking pattern of SO(4K+2) down to SU sub C (3)xSU sub L (2)xU sub Y (1), which uses regular subgroups only, does not allow low energy left right symmetry restoration. In these theories, the smallest mass scale at which such restoration is possible is approximately one billion GeV as in the SO(10) case. The unification mass in SO(4K+2) GUTS must be at least as large as that in SU(5). These results assumed standard values of the Weinberg angle and strong coupling constant.

Multiwavelength Study of Active Galaxies

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Singh, Veeresh

2010-08-01

Seyfert galaxies are a subclass of active galaxies and are categorized as nearby, low luminosity, radio-quiet Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN) hosted in spiral or lenticular galaxies. Demographically, Seyfert galaxies may account for ~ 10% of the entire population of active galaxies in the nearby universe. Seyfert galaxies are classified mainly into two subclasses named as `type 1' and `type 2' Seyferts, based on the presence and absence of broad permitted emission lines in their optical spectra, respectively. Detection of broad permitted emission lines in some Seyfert type 2s observed in the polarized light laid the foundation of the Seyfert unification scheme, which hypothesizes that Seyfert type 1s and type 2s belong to the same parent population and appear different solely due to the differing orientations of the obscuring material having a torus-like geometry around the AGN (Antonucci and Miller 1985; Antonucci 1993). The primary objective of this thesis work is to examine the validity and limitations of the orientation and obscuration based Seyfert unification scheme using multiwavelength (mainly X-ray and radio) observations. The key issue in testing the Seyfert unification scheme has been acquiring a well defined rigorously selected Seyfert sample. I have argued that the Seyfert samples based on flux limited surveys at optical, IR, UV and X-ray are likely to be biased against obscured and faint sources. In order to test the predictions of Seyfert unification scheme I use a sample based on properties (i.e., cosmological redshift, [OIII] emission line luminosity, absolute bulge magnitude, absolute stellar magnitude of the host galaxy and the Hubble stage of the host galaxy) that are independent to the orientation of the obscuring torus, host galaxy and the AGN axis. Furthermore, two Seyfert subtypes of our sample have matched distributions in the orientation-independent properties and this ensures the intrinsic similarity between two Seyfert subtypes within the framework of the unification scheme. In other words, it is ensured that the two subtypes being compared are not selected from entirely different parts of the evolution function (redshift, luminosity, bulge magnitude, stellar luminosity of the host galaxy and Hubble type of the host galaxy). To study the X-ray spectral properties of two Seyfert subtypes I use the XMM-Newton pn data. The 0.5 - 10 keV X-ray spectra of Seyfert galaxies are generally best fitted with a model consists of: an absorbed power law with exponential cut-off which contains cold absorption from the Galactic hydrogen column density together with absorption from neutral gas at the redshift of the source; a narrow Gaussian line fitted to the Fe K_alpha line at 6.4 keV; a soft excess component characterized by either a steep power law and/or a thermal plasma model with temperature kT and in some cases, reflection component characterized by the reflection from an isotropically illuminated cold slab, (model `pexrav' in XSPEC) is required. Partial covering of the primary AGN power law component is also required for the best fit in some sources. There are several type 2 sources in our sample in which the hard (2.0 - 10.0 keV) part of the X-ray spectrum is best fitted with a reflection component alone (`pexrav' model). The statistical comparisons of the X-ray spectral properties show that in compared to Seyfert type 1s, the type 2s exhibit lower X-ray luminosities in soft (0.5 - 2.0 keV) and hard (2.0 - 10.0) X-ray bands, higher X-ray absorbing column densities, higher equivalent widths of Fe K line, and lower flux ratios of hard X-ray (2.0 - 10.0 keV) to [OIII]. In both the Seyfert subtypes, the X-ray luminosity is moderately correlated with the pc-scale, kpc-scale radio luminosities and [OIII] line luminosity, in a similar fashion. A large fraction ~ 60 - 70% of type 2 Seyferts of our sample are likely to be Compton-thick and as a case study of a Compton-thick AGN, we studied the broad-band 0.5 - 50 keV X-ray spectral properties of NGC 5135 using Suzaku (XIS and HID) data to unveil the nature and geometry of obscuring torus. To test the predictions of the Seyfert unification scheme in the radio regime, I studied the radio properties of Seyfert galaxies using Giant Meterwave Radio Telescope (GMRT) observations carried out at 240 MHz/610 MHz, and NRAO VLA Sky Survey observations at 1.4 GHz and VLA 5 GHz observations from the literature. The four point (240 MHz, 610 MHz, 1.4 GHz, 5.0 GHz) integrated radio spectra of the two Seyfert subtypes are similar and fairly steep (i.e., spectral index ~ -0.7). Radio luminosity distributions at 240 MHz, 610 MHz, 1.4 GHz and 5.0 GHz are also similar for the Seyfert type 1s and type 2s. The study on radio - IR luminosity correlations shows that for both the Seyfert subtypes, the total 610 MHz and 240 MHz radio luminosities are moderately correlated with near-IR, mid-IR luminosities while the correlation becomes poorer with far-IR luminosities. Furthermore, the 12 micron, 25 micron, 60 micron and 100 micron IR luminosity distributions are also statistically simil! ar for the Seyfert type 1s and type 2s. I conclude that the statistical comparisons of the X-ray, radio and IR properties of the two Seyfert subtypes of our sample are consistent with the obscuration and orientation based unification scheme.

Axion inflation, proton decay, and leptogenesis in S U (5 )×U (1 )P Q

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Boucenna, Sofiane M.; Shafi, Qaisar

2018-04-01

We implement inflation in a nonsupersymmetric S U (5 ) model based on a nonminimal coupling of the axion field to gravity. The isocurvature fluctuations are adequately suppressed, axions comprise the dark matter, proton lifetime estimates are of order 8 ×1034- 3 ×1035 yr , and the observed baryon asymmetry arises via nonthermal leptogenesis. The presence of low-scale colored scalars ensures unification of the Standard Model gauge couplings and also helps in stabilizing the electroweak vacuum.

Baryon number and lepton universality violation in leptoquark and diquark models

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Assad, Nima; Fornal, Bartosz; Grinstein, Benjamín

2018-02-01

We perform a systematic study of models involving leptoquarks and diquarks with masses well below the grand unification scale and demonstrate that a large class of them is excluded due to rapid proton decay. After singling out the few phenomenologically viable color triplet and sextet scenarios, we show that there exist only two leptoquark models which do not suffer from tree-level proton decay and which have the potential for explaining the recently discovered anomalies in B meson decays. Both of those models, however, contain dimension five operators contributing to proton decay and require a new symmetry forbidding them to emerge at a higher scale. This has a particularly nice realization for the model with the vector leptoquark (3 , 1) 2 / 3, which points to a specific extension of the Standard Model, namely the Pati-Salam unification model, where this leptoquark naturally arises as the new gauge boson. We explore this possibility in light of recent B physics measurements. Finally, we analyze also a vector diquark model, discussing its LHC phenomenology and showing that it has nontrivial predictions for neutron-antineutron oscillation experiments.

Building a Larger Tent for Public Health: Implications of the SOPHE-AAHE Unification

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Goodman, Robert Mark

2013-01-01

The unification of the American Association for Health Education (AAHE) and the Society for Public Health Education (SOPHE) generates a long-desired synergy, a ramping up of our leadership influence in promoting health. It also serves as an ongoing opportunity to reflect on how we synergize the distinct philosophic, scientific, and practical…

Principles of the Unification of Our Agency

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Roth, Klas

2011-01-01

Do we need principles of the unification of our agency, our mode of acting? Immanuel Kant and Christine Korsgaard argue that the reflective structure of our mind forces us to have some conception of ourselves, others and the world--including our agency--and that it is through will and reason, and in particular principles of our agency, that we…

A Solution to Moldova’s Transdniestrian Conflict: Regional Complex Interdependence

DTIC Science & Technology

2003-06-01

16 a. Reunion with Romania in 1918 and the Transdniestrian Factor...Russia (Soviet Union) and Romania for Bessarabia (MSSR), when Transdniestria was used as a psychological check factor. a. Reunion with Romania in 1918 ...fate of Bessarabia, resulting in unification with Romania in 1918 . However, that unification was not a welcome outcome for Bessarabians but rather

Lyndon, Johnson "Will" Seek and Accept a New Term as Northern Vermont University

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Spaulding, Jeb

2017-01-01

The Vermont State Colleges Board of Trustees has decided to combine two small state colleges--Lyndon State College and Johnson State College--that have been the access institutions for the northern and often most economically challenged region of Vermont. Northern Vermont University will result from the unification. The unification will multiply…

Higher-order neural network software for distortion invariant object recognition

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Reid, Max B.; Spirkovska, Lilly

1991-01-01

The state-of-the-art in pattern recognition for such applications as automatic target recognition and industrial robotic vision relies on digital image processing. We present a higher-order neural network model and software which performs the complete feature extraction-pattern classification paradigm required for automatic pattern recognition. Using a third-order neural network, we demonstrate complete, 100 percent accurate invariance to distortions of scale, position, and in-plate rotation. In a higher-order neural network, feature extraction is built into the network, and does not have to be learned. Only the relatively simple classification step must be learned. This is key to achieving very rapid training. The training set is much smaller than with standard neural network software because the higher-order network only has to be shown one view of each object to be learned, not every possible view. The software and graphical user interface run on any Sun workstation. Results of the use of the neural software in autonomous robotic vision systems are presented. Such a system could have extensive application in robotic manufacturing.

Real-time object recognition in multidimensional images based on joined extended structural tensor and higher-order tensor decomposition methods

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Cyganek, Boguslaw; Smolka, Bogdan

2015-02-01

In this paper a system for real-time recognition of objects in multidimensional video signals is proposed. Object recognition is done by pattern projection into the tensor subspaces obtained from the factorization of the signal tensors representing the input signal. However, instead of taking only the intensity signal the novelty of this paper is first to build the Extended Structural Tensor representation from the intensity signal that conveys information on signal intensities, as well as on higher-order statistics of the input signals. This way the higher-order input pattern tensors are built from the training samples. Then, the tensor subspaces are built based on the Higher-Order Singular Value Decomposition of the prototype pattern tensors. Finally, recognition relies on measurements of the distance of a test pattern projected into the tensor subspaces obtained from the training tensors. Due to high-dimensionality of the input data, tensor based methods require high memory and computational resources. However, recent achievements in the technology of the multi-core microprocessors and graphic cards allows real-time operation of the multidimensional methods as is shown and analyzed in this paper based on real examples of object detection in digital images.

Hotspot detection using image pattern recognition based on higher-order local auto-correlation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Maeda, Shimon; Matsunawa, Tetsuaki; Ogawa, Ryuji; Ichikawa, Hirotaka; Takahata, Kazuhiro; Miyairi, Masahiro; Kotani, Toshiya; Nojima, Shigeki; Tanaka, Satoshi; Nakagawa, Kei; Saito, Tamaki; Mimotogi, Shoji; Inoue, Soichi; Nosato, Hirokazu; Sakanashi, Hidenori; Kobayashi, Takumi; Murakawa, Masahiro; Higuchi, Tetsuya; Takahashi, Eiichi; Otsu, Nobuyuki

2011-04-01

Below 40nm design node, systematic variation due to lithography must be taken into consideration during the early stage of design. So far, litho-aware design using lithography simulation models has been widely applied to assure that designs are printed on silicon without any error. However, the lithography simulation approach is very time consuming, and under time-to-market pressure, repetitive redesign by this approach may result in the missing of the market window. This paper proposes a fast hotspot detection support method by flexible and intelligent vision system image pattern recognition based on Higher-Order Local Autocorrelation. Our method learns the geometrical properties of the given design data without any defects as normal patterns, and automatically detects the design patterns with hotspots from the test data as abnormal patterns. The Higher-Order Local Autocorrelation method can extract features from the graphic image of design pattern, and computational cost of the extraction is constant regardless of the number of design pattern polygons. This approach can reduce turnaround time (TAT) dramatically only on 1CPU, compared with the conventional simulation-based approach, and by distributed processing, this has proven to deliver linear scalability with each additional CPU.

Biana: a software framework for compiling biological interactions and analyzing networks

PubMed Central

2010-01-01

Background The analysis and usage of biological data is hindered by the spread of information across multiple repositories and the difficulties posed by different nomenclature systems and storage formats. In particular, there is an important need for data unification in the study and use of protein-protein interactions. Without good integration strategies, it is difficult to analyze the whole set of available data and its properties. Results We introduce BIANA (Biologic Interactions and Network Analysis), a tool for biological information integration and network management. BIANA is a Python framework designed to achieve two major goals: i) the integration of multiple sources of biological information, including biological entities and their relationships, and ii) the management of biological information as a network where entities are nodes and relationships are edges. Moreover, BIANA uses properties of proteins and genes to infer latent biomolecular relationships by transferring edges to entities sharing similar properties. BIANA is also provided as a plugin for Cytoscape, which allows users to visualize and interactively manage the data. A web interface to BIANA providing basic functionalities is also available. The software can be downloaded under GNU GPL license from http://sbi.imim.es/web/BIANA.php. Conclusions BIANA's approach to data unification solves many of the nomenclature issues common to systems dealing with biological data. BIANA can easily be extended to handle new specific data repositories and new specific data types. The unification protocol allows BIANA to be a flexible tool suitable for different user requirements: non-expert users can use a suggested unification protocol while expert users can define their own specific unification rules. PMID:20105306

Biana: a software framework for compiling biological interactions and analyzing networks.

PubMed

Garcia-Garcia, Javier; Guney, Emre; Aragues, Ramon; Planas-Iglesias, Joan; Oliva, Baldo

2010-01-27

The analysis and usage of biological data is hindered by the spread of information across multiple repositories and the difficulties posed by different nomenclature systems and storage formats. In particular, there is an important need for data unification in the study and use of protein-protein interactions. Without good integration strategies, it is difficult to analyze the whole set of available data and its properties. We introduce BIANA (Biologic Interactions and Network Analysis), a tool for biological information integration and network management. BIANA is a Python framework designed to achieve two major goals: i) the integration of multiple sources of biological information, including biological entities and their relationships, and ii) the management of biological information as a network where entities are nodes and relationships are edges. Moreover, BIANA uses properties of proteins and genes to infer latent biomolecular relationships by transferring edges to entities sharing similar properties. BIANA is also provided as a plugin for Cytoscape, which allows users to visualize and interactively manage the data. A web interface to BIANA providing basic functionalities is also available. The software can be downloaded under GNU GPL license from http://sbi.imim.es/web/BIANA.php. BIANA's approach to data unification solves many of the nomenclature issues common to systems dealing with biological data. BIANA can easily be extended to handle new specific data repositories and new specific data types. The unification protocol allows BIANA to be a flexible tool suitable for different user requirements: non-expert users can use a suggested unification protocol while expert users can define their own specific unification rules.

Unification of Forces: The Road to Jointness?

DTIC Science & Technology

1991-05-15

tend to resist large change--or innovation. Because organizations value "predictability, stability, and certainty," incremental change is the...preferred mode of behavior for organizations.29 Unification of the forces would be a large, rather than an incremental , change; thus, the services would...coordinating planning and bidgeting , providing unified direction, accounting and controlling weapons and equipment acquisition, eliminating duplication of

Gauge coupling unification and light exotica in string theory.

PubMed

Raby, Stuart; Wingerter, Akin

2007-08-03

In this Letter we consider the consequences for the CERN Large Hadron Collider of light vectorlike exotica with fractional electric charge. It is shown that such states are found in orbifold constructions of the heterotic string. Moreover, these exotica are consistent with gauge coupling unification at one loop, even though they do not come in complete multiplets of SU(5).

Korean Unification: The Way Forward

DTIC Science & Technology

2009-03-01

THE WAY FORWARD by Brian A. Forster March 2009 Thesis Advisor: Robert Weiner Second Reader: Christopher P .Twomey THIS PAGE ...INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK i REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE Form Approved OMB No. 0704-0188 Public reporting burden for this collection of information is...possibility of a unified Korean nation. 15. NUMBER OF PAGES 109 14. SUBJECT TERMS Korean Unification, The Republic of Korea, The Democratic People’s

3 CFR 8637 - Proclamation 8637 of March 16, 2011. 150th Anniversary of the Unification of Italy, 2011

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... Italy lives on in the millions of American women and men of Italian descent who strengthen and enrich... we mark this important milestone in Italian history, we also honor the joint efforts of Americans and... 150th Anniversary of the Unification of Italy. I encourage all Americans to learn more about the history...

Temperature dependence of the magneto-controllable first-order phase transition in dilute magnetic fluids

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ivanov, A. S.

2017-11-01

Experimental study was carried out to investigate the influence of particle size distribution function on the temperature dependent magneto-controllable first-order phase transition of the "gas-liquid" type in magnetic fluids. The study resolves one crisis situation in ferrohydrodynamic experiment made by several research groups in the 1980-1990s. It is shown that due to polydispersity magnetic fluids exhibit phase diagrams which are divided into three regions by vaporus and liquidus curves. Granulometric data states the primary role of the width of the particle size distribution function in the process of spinodal decomposition. New modified Langevin parameter is introduced for unification of liquidus curves of different ferrofluids despite the significant difference between the curves (one order of magnitude) in (H, T) coordinates.

ProSens: integrated production control by automated inspection planning and efficient multisensor metrology

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Glaser, Ulf; Li, Zhichao; Bichmann, Stephan, II; Pfeifer, Tilo

2003-05-01

By China's entry into the WTO, Chinese as well as German companies are facing the question, how to minimize the risk of unfamiliar cooperation partners when developing products. The rise of customer demands concerning quality, product diversity and the reduction of expenses require flexibility and efficiency with reliable component suppliers. In order to build and strengthen sino-german cooperations, a manufacturing control using homogenized and efficient measures to assure high quality is of vital importance. Lack of unifications may cause identical measurements conducted at subcontractors or customers to be carried out with different measurement processes which leads to incomparable results. Rapidly growing company cooperations and simultaneously decreasing of manufacturing scope cause substantial difficulties when coordinating joint quality control activities. "ProSens," a sino-german project consortium consisting of industrial users, technology producers and research institutes, aims at improving selected production processes by: Creation of a homogeneous quality awareness in sino-german cooperations. Sensitization for process accompanying metrology at an early stage of product development. Increase of the process performance by the use of integrated metrology. Reduction of production time and cost. Unification of quality control of complex products by means of efficient measurement strategies and CAD-based inspection planning.

Redescription of Tintinnopsis cylindrica Daday, 1887 (Ciliophora: Spirotricha) and Unification of Tintinnid Terminology

PubMed Central

AGATHA, Sabine; RIEDEL-LORJÉ, Jeannette Cornelie

2010-01-01

Summary Although Tintinnopsis cylindrica Daday, 1887 is apparently widely distributed in the plankton of marine and brackish coastal waters, its ciliary pattern remained unknown. Without detailed knowledge of the cell morphology, however, the proposed synonymies cannot be proved. Hence, the cell and lorica features of T. cylindrica are redescribed from live and protargol-impregnated specimens collected in mixo-polyhaline basins at the German North Sea coast. An improved species diagnosis and a comprehensive unified terminology are provided. The somatic ciliary pattern of T. cylindrica is complex, comprising a ventral, dorsal, and posterior kinety as well as a right, left, and lateral ciliary field. Accordingly, the species differs from its congener T. cylindrata that has merely a right and left ciliary field and ventral organelles. On the other hand, the genera Codonella, Codonellopsis, Cymatocylis, Helicostomella, Leprotintinnus, and Stenosemella share this pattern. The oral primordium of T. cylindrica develops hypoapokinetally posterior to the lateral ciliary field as in Codonella cratera and Cymatocylis convallaria. PMID:20368769

School Desegregation and Civil Society: The Unification of Alabama's Black and White Parent-Teacher Associations, 1954-1971

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Woyshner, Christine

2011-01-01

This articles discusses the unification of Alabama's black and white Parent-Teacher Associations from 1954 to 1971. Alabama was one of the last PTA state units to desegregate in the late 1960s, along with Arkansas, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, South Carolina, and Texas. It was also the only state in which white members launched a successful…

Inflation at the electroweak scale

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Knox, Lloyd; Turner, Michael S.

1993-01-01

We present a model for slow-rollover inflation where the vacuum energy that drives inflation is of the order of G(F) exp -2; unlike most models, the conversion of vacuum energy to radiation ('reheating') is moderately efficient. The scalar field responsible for inflation is a standard-model singlet, develops a vacuum expectation value of 4 x 10 exp 6 GeV, has a mass of about 1 GeV, and can play a role in electroweak phenomena. We also discuss models where the energy scale of inflation is somewhat larger, but still well below the unification scale.

Early convergence research and education supported by the National Science Foundation.

PubMed

Bainbridge, William Sims

2004-05-01

The following pages describe research grants awarded by the National Science Foundation that illustrate how different fields of science and technology can converge in order to increase human potential. Technological convergence involves the unification of the sciences of Nanotechnology, Biotechnology, Information Technology, and new technologies based on Cognitive Science (NBIC). Because it supports research across all major branches of science and technology, including the social and behavioral sciences, the NSF has been a focus of discussions about converging technologies to enhance human capabilities and serve human needs.

Quanta of geometry and unification

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chamseddine, Ali H.

2016-11-01

This is a tribute to Abdus Salam’s memory whose insight and creative thinking set for me a role model to follow. In this contribution I show that the simple requirement of volume quantization in spacetime (with Euclidean signature) uniquely determines the geometry to be that of a noncommutative space whose finite part is based on an algebra that leads to Pati-Salam grand unified models. The Standard Model corresponds to a special case where a mathematical constraint (order one condition) is satisfied. This provides evidence that Salam was a visionary who was generations ahead of his time.

Quanta of Geometry and Unification

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chamseddine, Ali H.

This is a tribute to Abdus Salam's memory whose insight and creative thinking set for me a role model to follow. In this contribution I show that the simple requirement of volume quantization in space-time (with Euclidean signature) uniquely determines the geometry to be that of a noncommutative space whose finite part is based on an algebra that leads to Pati-Salam grand unified models. The Standard Model corresponds to a special case where a mathematical constraint (order one condition) is satisfied. This provides evidence that Salam was a visionary who was generations ahead of his time.

Properties of Low-mass AGN as They Relate to Unification and Massive AGN

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hood, Carol E.

2011-01-01

Current unification models of AGN suggest the observational differences between Type 1 and Type 2 objects are solely due to the orientation angle of the object. Observations have proved consistent with predictions and continue to strengthen the case for unification, however, many are still searching for "true" Type 2 objects, including predictions of their formation due to low luminosity or low accretion rate. Low-mass (< 106solar masses) AGN provide interesting environments in which these unification models can be studied. We also aim to compare the properties of low-mass AGN with their more massive counterparts to look for structural similarities and differences over a more substantial range of luminosities and accretion rates than previously studied. We present an in-depth multi-wavelength study of one of the prototypical low-mass AGN, POX 52, investigating the properties of the central engine along with that of the host galaxy. This includes data from the VLA, Spitzer, 2MASS, HST, GALEX, XMM, and Chandra, providing us with one of the most comprehensive looks into low-mass AGN. Unlike the other prototypical low-mass AGN, NGC 4395, POX 52 resides in a dwarf elliptical galaxy, accreting at ≈ 0.35 the Eddington limit. Additionally, we examine a sample 41 Type 1 and Type 2 objects, including POX 52 and NGC 4395, with the Spitzer IRS and a sub-sample of those with XMM to study the absorption properties of low-mass AGN, to test the validity of unification models in the low-mass regime, and to investigate possible structural differences between objects with low and high mass black holes and accretion rates. We will discuss the IR spectral shape and present emission-line diagnostics for Type 1 and Type 2 AGNs at low masses.

Contemporary data communications and local networking principles

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chartrand, G. A.

1982-08-01

The most important issue of data communications today is networking which can be roughly divided into two catagories: local networking; and distributed processing. The most sought after aspect of local networking is office automation. Office automation really is the grand unification of all local communications and not of a new type of business office as the name might imply. This unification is the ability to have voice, data, and video carried by the same medium and managed by the same network resources. There are many different ways this unification can be done, and many manufacturers are designing systems to accomplish the task. Distributed processing attempts to share resources between computer systems and peripheral subsystems from the same or different manufacturers. There are several companies that are trying to solve both networking problems with the same network architecture.

Changes in Psychological Distress among East German Adolescents Facing German Unification: The Role of Commitment to the Old System and of Self-Efficacy Beliefs

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Pinquart, Martin; Silbereisen, Rainer K.; Juang, Linda P.

2004-01-01

Abrupt social change, such as the breakdown of a political system of the former communist states, presents a major adaptive challenge to the individual. The authors analyzed whether commitment to the old political system and high self-efficacy beliefs measured before German unification would predict change in psychological distress in East German…

LHC phenomenology of natural MSSM with non-universal gaugino masses at the unification scale

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Abe, Hiroyuki; Kawamura, Junichiro; Omura, Yuji

2015-08-01

In this letter, we study collider phenomenology in the supersymmetric Standard Model with a certain type of non-universal gaugino masses at the gauge coupling unification scale, motivated by the little hierarchy problem. In this scenario, especially the wino mass is relatively large compared to the gluino mass at the unification scale, and the heavy wino can relax the fine-tuning of the higgsino mass parameter, so-called μ-parameter. Besides, it will enhance the lightest Higgs boson mass due to the relatively large left-right mixing of top squarks through the renormalization group (RG) effect. Then 125 GeV Higgs boson could be accomplished, even if the top squarks are lighter than 1 TeV and the μ parameter is within a few hundreds GeV. The right-handed top squark tends to be lighter than the other sfermions due to the RG runnings, then we focus on the top squark search at the LHC. Since the top squark is almost right-handed and the higgsinos are nearly degenerate, 2 b + E T miss channel is the most sensitive to this scenario. We figure out current and expected experimental bounds on the lightest top squark mass and model parameters at the gauge coupling unification scale.

The planned search for free neutron-antineutron transformation using the nnbarX experiment at Fermilab and how it relates to bound neutron oscillations at Super-Kamiokande and elsewhere

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Banuelos, Eddie

2012-11-01

In this presentation we will describe the role of CSUDH and present initial planning results on a new experiment at Fermilab called nnbarX that will use neutrons from a 1 MW cold spallation source near the Fermilab main accelerator ring which is being upgraded. This project will eventually probe theories of grand unification of the fundamental forces, the stability of matter, and how Baryons were created in the early stages of the big bang, at levels of sensitivity to the baryon lifetime that will be 100-10000 higher than what is currently available and will rule out or confirm leading theories of grand unification in which neutrons and other fermions are equally mixed with their antiparticles and can transform to each other in Right-Left symmetric theories such as SO(10). We at CSUDH will be directly collaborating with the University of Tennessee Knoxville, University of Indiana Bloomington, North Carolina State University, Femilab and Los Alamos National Laboratory on detector R & D for nnbarX and will be also working with a few other institutions in the US and in other countries.

Effects of anisotropy on interacting ghost dark energy in Brans-Dicke theories

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hossienkhani, H.; Fayaz, V.; Azimi, N.

2017-03-01

In this work we concentrate on the ghost dark energy model within the framework of the Brans-Dicke theory in an anisotropic Universe. Within this framework we discuss the behavior of equation of state, deceleration and dark energy density parameters of the model. We consider the squared sound speed and quest for signs of stability of the model. We also probe observational constraints by using the latest observational data on the ghost dark energy models as the unification of dark matter and dark energy. In order to do so, we focus on observational determinations of the Hubble expansion rate (namely, the expansion history) H(z). Then we evaluate the evolution of the growth of perturbations in the linear regime for both ghost DE and Brans-Dicke theory and compare the results with standard FRW and ΛCDM models. We display the effects of the anisotropy on the evolutionary behavior the ghost DE models where the growth rate is higher in this models. Eventually the growth factor for the ΛCDM Universe will always fall behind the ghost DE models in an anisotropic Universe.

High resolution laser patterning of ITO on PET substrate

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhang, Tao; Liu, Di; Park, Hee K.; Yu, Dong X.; Hwang, David J.

2013-03-01

Cost-effective laser patterning of indium tin oxide (ITO) thin film coated on flexible polyethylene terephthalate (PET) film substrate for touch panel was studied. The target scribing width was set to the order of 10 μm in order to examine issues involved with higher feature resolution. Picosecond-pulsed laser and Q-switched nanosecond-pulsed laser at the wavelength of 532nm were applied for the comparison of laser patterning in picosecond and nanosecond regimes. While relatively superior scribing quality was achieved by picosecond laser, 532 nm wavelength showed a limitation due to weaker absorption in ITO film. In order to seek for cost-effective solution for high resolution ITO scribing, nanosecond laser pulses were applied and performance of 532nm and 1064nm wavelengths were compared. 1064nm wavelength shows relatively better scribing quality due to the higher absorption ratio in ITO film, yet at noticeable substrate damage. Through single pulse based scribing experiments, we inspected that reduced pulse overlapping is preferred in order to minimize the substrate damage during line patterning.

On the extensive unification of digital-to-analog converters and kernels

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Liao, Yanchu

2012-09-01

System administrators agree that scalable communication is an interesting new topic in the field of steganography, and leading analysts concur. After years of unfortunate re-search into context-free grammar, we argue the intuitive unification of fiber-optic cables and context-free grammar. Our focus here is not on whether sensor networks and randomized algorithms can collaborate to accomplish this aim, but rather on introducing an analysis of DHTs [2] (Soupy Coil).

Dark Matter after LHC Run I: Clues to Unification

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Olive, Keith A.

2017-03-01

After the results of Run I, can we still `guarantee' the discovery of supersymmetry at the LHC? It is shown that viable dark matter models in CMSSM-like models tend to lie in strips (co-annihilation, funnel, focus point). The role of grand unification in constructing supersymmetric models is discussed and it is argued that non-supersymmetric GUTs such as SO(10) may provide solutions to many of the standard problems addressed by supersymmetry.

THE COMMON MARKET AND EUROPEAN UNIFICATION,

DTIC Science & Technology

A study of the Common Market ; its past problems, current difficulties, and future possibilities are presented. The study consists of seven sections...each of which may be read independently: (1) an introduction to the Common Market ; (2) the Common Market and internal trade; (3) external economic...European Economic Community agriculture; and (7) the Common Market and European political unification. Statistical tables showing import and export data of the Common Market countries are appended. (Author)

Deductive Synthesis of the Unification Algorithm,

DTIC Science & Technology

1981-06-01

DEDUCTIVE SYNTHESIS OF THE I - UNIFICATION ALGORITHM Zohar Manna Richard Waldinger I F? Computer Science Department Artificial Intelligence Center...theorem proving," Artificial Intelligence Journal, Vol. 9, No. 1, pp. 1-35. Boyer, R. S. and J S. Moore [Jan. 19751, "Proving theorems about LISP...d’Intelligence Artificielle , U.E.R. de Luminy, Universit6 d’ Aix-Marseille II. Green, C. C. [May 1969], "Application of theorem proving to problem

Dark matter in E 6 Grand unification

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Schwichtenberg, Jakob

2018-02-01

We discuss fermionic dark matter in non-supersymmetric E 6 Grand Unification. The fundamental representation of E 6 contains, in addition to the standard model fermions, exotic fermions and we argue that one of them is a viable, interesting dark matter candidate. Its stability is guaranteed by a discrete remnant symmetry, which is an unbroken subgroup of the E 6 gauge symmetry. We compute the symmetry breaking scales and the effect of possible threshold corrections by solving the renormalization group equations numerically after imposing gauge coupling unification. Since the Yukawa couplings of the exotic and the standard model fermions have a common origin, the mass of the dark matter particles is constrained. We find a mass range of 3 · 109 GeV ≲ m DM ≲ 1 · 1013 GeV for our E 6 dark matter candidate, which is within the reach of next-generation direct detection experiments.

Towards gauge coupling unification in left-right symmetric SU (3 )c×SU (3 )L×SU (3 )R×U (1 )X theories

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hati, Chandan; Patra, Sudhanwa; Reig, Mario; Valle, José W. F.; Vaquera-Araujo, C. A.

2017-07-01

We consider the possibility of gauge coupling unification within the simplest realizations of the SU (3 )c×SU (3 )L×SU (3 )R×U (1 )X gauge theory. We present a first exploration of the renormalization group equations governing the "bottom-up" evolution of the gauge couplings in a generic model with free normalization for the generators. Interestingly, we find that for a SU (3 )c×SU (3 )L×SU (3 )R×U (1 )X symmetry breaking scale MX as low as a few TeV one can achieve unification in the presence of leptonic octets. We briefly comment on possible grand unified theory frameworks which can embed the SU (3 )c×SU (3 )L×SU (3 )R×U (1 )X model as well as possible implications, such as lepton flavor violating physics at the LHC.

Generic sample preparation combined with high-resolution liquid chromatography-time-of-flight mass spectrometry for unification of urine screening in doping-control laboratories.

PubMed

Peters, R J B; Oosterink, J E; Stolker, A A M; Georgakopoulos, C; Nielen, M W F

2010-04-01

A unification of doping-control screening procedures of prohibited small molecule substances--including stimulants, narcotics, steroids, beta2-agonists and diuretics--is highly urgent in order to free resources for new classes such as banned proteins. Conceptually this may be achieved by the use of a combination of one gas chromatography-time-of-flight mass spectrometry method and one liquid chromatography-time-of-flight mass spectrometry method. In this work a quantitative screening method using high-resolution liquid chromatography in combination with accurate-mass time-of-flight mass spectrometry was developed and validated for determination of glucocorticosteroids, beta2-agonists, thiazide diuretics, and narcotics and stimulants in urine. To enable the simultaneous isolation of all the compounds of interest and the necessary purification of the resulting extracts, a generic extraction and hydrolysis procedure was combined with a solid-phase extraction modified for these groups of compounds. All 56 compounds are determined using positive electrospray ionisation with the exception of the thiazide diuretics for which the best sensitivity was obtained by using negative electrospray ionisation. The results show that, with the exception of clenhexyl, procaterol, and reproterol, all compounds can be detected below the respective minimum required performance level and the results for linearity, repeatability, within-lab reproducibility, and accuracy show that the method can be used for quantitative screening. If qualitative screening is sufficient the instrumental analysis may be limited to positive ionisation, because all analytes including the thiazides can be detected at the respective minimum required levels in the positive mode. The results show that the application of accurate-mass time-of-flight mass spectrometry in combination with generic extraction and purification procedures is suitable for unification and expansion of the window of screening methods of doping laboratories. Moreover, the full-scan accurate-mass data sets obtained still allow retrospective examination for emerging doping agents, without re-analyzing the samples.

Palatal rugae pattern: An aid for sex identification

PubMed Central

Gadicherla, Prahlad; Saini, Divya; Bhaskar, Milana

2017-01-01

Background: Palatal rugoscopy, or palatoscopy, is the process by which human identification can be obtained by inspecting the transverse palatal rugae inside the mouth. Aim: The aim of the study is to investigate the potential of using palatal rugae as an aid for sex identification in Bengaluru population. Materials and Methods: One hundred plaster casts equally distributed between males and females belonging to age range of 4–16 years were examined for different rugae patterns. Thomas and Kotze classification was adopted for identification of these rugae patterns. Statistical Analysis: The data obtained were subjected to discriminant function analysis to determine the applicability of palatal rugae pattern as an aid for sex identification. Results: Difference in unification patterns among males and females was found to be statistically significant. No significant difference was found between males and females in terms of number of rugae. Overall, wavy and curvy were the most predominant type of rugae seen. Discriminant function analysis enabled sex identification with an accuracy of 80%. Conclusion: This preliminary study undertaken showed the existence of a distinct pattern of distribution of palatal rugae between males and females of Bengaluru population. This study opens scope for further research with a larger sample size to establish palatal rugae as a valuable tool for sex identification for forensic purposes. PMID:28584485

Changing Patterns of Finance in Higher Education. Country Study: Japan. OECD Educational Monographs.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kaneko, Motohisa

This report is one in a series of country studies prepared in the framework of the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) Education Committee activity on changing patterns of finance in higher education. In order to contribute to the OECD activity from the Japanese perspective, the Research Institute for Higher Education at…

The Rebirth of a World Power? German Unification and the Future of European Security

DTIC Science & Technology

1990-12-01

Government. 17 COSATI CODES 18 SUBJECT TERMS (Continue on reverse if necessary and identify by block number) FIELD GROUP SUB- GROUP German unification...in the balance of power system. Germany (and Prussia) was used as a territorial "shock absorber" to maintain a buffer between the great powers--a...European statecraft was not pressured by internal problems which later forced governments to take actions that aroused the suspicions and fears of the

North Korean Paradoxes. Circumstances, Costs, and Consequences of Korean Unification

DTIC Science & Technology

2005-01-01

consequences of Korean unification / Charles Wolf, Jr., Kamil Akramov. p. cm. "MG-333." Includes bibliographical references. ISBN 0-8330-3762-5 (pbk. : alk ...Institute of Technology NBER National Bureau for Economic Research OECD Organization for Economic Cooperation and Develoment OSD Office of the Secretary of...opment ( OECD ) with a per capita income over $10,000 and the other a "lights-out" but nuclear-capable dynastic state-is the riddle; how to link economic

Human genomic disease variants: a neutral evolutionary explanation.

PubMed

Dudley, Joel T; Kim, Yuseob; Liu, Li; Markov, Glenn J; Gerold, Kristyn; Chen, Rong; Butte, Atul J; Kumar, Sudhir

2012-08-01

Many perspectives on the role of evolution in human health include nonempirical assumptions concerning the adaptive evolutionary origins of human diseases. Evolutionary analyses of the increasing wealth of clinical and population genomic data have begun to challenge these presumptions. In order to systematically evaluate such claims, the time has come to build a common framework for an empirical and intellectual unification of evolution and modern medicine. We review the emerging evidence and provide a supporting conceptual framework that establishes the classical neutral theory of molecular evolution (NTME) as the basis for evaluating disease- associated genomic variations in health and medicine. For over a decade, the NTME has already explained the origins and distribution of variants implicated in diseases and has illuminated the power of evolutionary thinking in genomic medicine. We suggest that a majority of disease variants in modern populations will have neutral evolutionary origins (previously neutral), with a relatively smaller fraction exhibiting adaptive evolutionary origins (previously adaptive). This pattern is expected to hold true for common as well as rare disease variants. Ultimately, a neutral evolutionary perspective will provide medicine with an informative and actionable framework that enables objective clinical assessment beyond convenient tendencies to invoke past adaptive events in human history as a root cause of human disease.

Human genomic disease variants: A neutral evolutionary explanation

PubMed Central

Dudley, Joel T.; Kim, Yuseob; Liu, Li; Markov, Glenn J.; Gerold, Kristyn; Chen, Rong; Butte, Atul J.; Kumar, Sudhir

2012-01-01

Many perspectives on the role of evolution in human health include nonempirical assumptions concerning the adaptive evolutionary origins of human diseases. Evolutionary analyses of the increasing wealth of clinical and population genomic data have begun to challenge these presumptions. In order to systematically evaluate such claims, the time has come to build a common framework for an empirical and intellectual unification of evolution and modern medicine. We review the emerging evidence and provide a supporting conceptual framework that establishes the classical neutral theory of molecular evolution (NTME) as the basis for evaluating disease- associated genomic variations in health and medicine. For over a decade, the NTME has already explained the origins and distribution of variants implicated in diseases and has illuminated the power of evolutionary thinking in genomic medicine. We suggest that a majority of disease variants in modern populations will have neutral evolutionary origins (previously neutral), with a relatively smaller fraction exhibiting adaptive evolutionary origins (previously adaptive). This pattern is expected to hold true for common as well as rare disease variants. Ultimately, a neutral evolutionary perspective will provide medicine with an informative and actionable framework that enables objective clinical assessment beyond convenient tendencies to invoke past adaptive events in human history as a root cause of human disease. PMID:22665443

Graph Unification and Tangram Hypothesis Explanation Representation (GATHER) and System and Component Modeling Framework (SCMF)

DTIC Science & Technology

2008-08-01

services, DIDS and DMS, are deployable on the TanGrid system and are accessible via two APIs, a Java client and a servlet based interface. Additionally...but required the user to instantiate an IGraph object with several Java Maps containing the nodes, node attributes, edge types, and the connections...restrictions imposed by the bulk ingest process. Finally, once the bulk ingest process was available in the GraphUnification Java Archives (JAR), DC was

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Chizhov, M. V., E-mail: mih@phys.uni-sofia.bg; Bednyakov, V. A., E-mail: bedny@jinr.ru

The gauge coupling unification can be achieved at a unification scale around 5×10{sup 13} GeV if the Standard Model scalar sector is extended with extra Higgs-like doublets. The relevant new scalar degrees of freedom in the form of chiral Z* and W* vector bosons might “be visible” already at about 700 GeV. Their eventual preferred coupling to the heavy quarks explains the non observation of these bosons in the first LHC run and provides promising expectation for the second LHC run.

Unification of Electromagnetic Specifications and Standards. Part 2. Recommendations for Revisions of Existing Practices

DTIC Science & Technology

1983-02-28

tire, .v ,.,, DNA 5433F-2 I 1 UNIFICATION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC -’, SPECIFICATIONS AND STANDARDS Part Ih: Recommendations for Revisions of Existing...ADDRESSEE IS NO LONGER EMPLOYED BY" "• YOUR ORGANIZATION. ... : 1 ,S ::! ,.S ., UNCLASSIFIED SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF THIS PAGE (When D.e. 6.e1e..c...REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE BEFORE COMPETISRM 1 . REPORT NUMBER 2. GOVT ACCESSION NO. 3. RECIPIENT’S CATALOG NUMBER DNA 5433F-2 1 /f9 I;’,71 4. TITLE

Distinct signals of the gauge-Higgs unification in e+e- collider experiments

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Funatsu, Shuichiro; Hatanaka, Hisaki; Hosotani, Yutaka; Orikasa, Yuta

2017-12-01

Effects of Kaluza-Klein excited neutral vector bosons (Z‧ bosons) in the gauge-Higgs unification on e+e- → q bar q ,ℓ+ℓ- cross sections are studied, particularly in future e+e- collider experiments with polarized beams. Significant deviations in the energy and polarization dependence in σ (μ+μ-), the lepton forward-backward asymmetry, Rb (μ) ≡ σ (b bar b) / σ (μ+μ-) and the left-right asymmetry from the standard model are predicted.

Superregular breathers, characteristics of nonlinear stage of modulation instability induced by higher-order effects

PubMed Central

Zhang, Jian-Hui; Liu, Chong

2017-01-01

We study the higher-order generalized nonlinear Schrödinger (NLS) equation describing the propagation of ultrashort optical pulse in optical fibres. By using Darboux transformation, we derive the superregular breather solution that develops from a small localized perturbation. This type of solution can be used to characterize the nonlinear stage of the modulation instability (MI) of the condensate. In particular, we show some novel characteristics of the nonlinear stage of MI arising from higher-order effects: (i) coexistence of a quasi-Akhmediev breather and a multipeak soliton; (ii) two multipeak solitons propagation in opposite directions; (iii) a beating pattern followed by two multipeak solitons in the same direction. It is found that these patterns generated from a small localized perturbation do not have the analogues in the standard NLS equation. Our results enrich Zakharov’s theory of superregular breathers and could provide helpful insight on the nonlinear stage of MI in presence of the higher-order effects. PMID:28413335

750 GeV diphotons: implications for supersymmetric unification

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Hall, Lawrence J.; Harigaya, Keisuke; Nomura, Yasunori

2016-03-03

A recent signal of 750 GeV diphotons at the LHC can be explained within the framework of supersymmetric unification by the introduction of vector quarks and leptons with Yukawa couplings to a singlet S that describes the 750 GeV resonance. We study the most general set of theories that allow successful gauge coupling unification, and find that these Yukawa couplings are severely constrained by renormalization group behavior: they are independent of ultraviolet physics and flow to values at the TeV scale that we calculate precisely. As a consequence the vector quarks and leptons must be light; typically in the regionmore » of 375 GeV to 700 GeV, and in certain cases up to 1 TeV. The 750 GeV resonance may have a width less than the experimental resolution; alternatively, with the mass splitting between scalar and pseudoscalar components of S arising from one-loop diagrams involving vector fermions, we compute an apparent width of 10s of GeV.« less

Cosmological density fluctuations produced by vacuum strings

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Vilenkin, A.

1981-04-01

Consideration is given to the possible role of vacuum domain strings produced in the grand unification phase transition in the early universe in the generation of the density fluctuations giving rise to galaxies. The cosmological evolution of the strings formed in the grand unification phase transition is analyzed, with attention given to possible mechanisms for the damping out of oscillations produced by tension in convoluted strings and closed loops. The cosmological density fluctuations introduced by infinite strings and closed loops smaller than the horizon are then shown to be capable of giving rise to mass condensations on a scale of approximately 10 to the 9th solar masses at the time of the decoupling of radiation from matter, around which the galaxies condense. Differences between the present theory and that suggested by Zel'dovich (1980) are pointed out, and it is noted that string formation at the grand unification phase transition is possible only if the manifold of the degenerate vacua of the gauge theory is not simply connected.

Unification of Intercontinental Height Systems based on the Fixed Geodetic Boundary Value Problem - A Case Study in Spherical Approximation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Grombein, T.; Seitz, K.; Heck, B.

2013-12-01

In general, national height reference systems are related to individual vertical datums defined by specific tide gauges. The discrepancy of these vertical datums causes height system biases that range in an order of 1-2 m at a global scale. Continental height systems can be connected by spirit leveling and gravity measurements along the leveling lines as performed for the definition of the European Vertical Reference Frame. In order to unify intercontinental height systems, an indirect connection is needed. For this purpose, global geopotential models derived from recent satellite missions like GOCE provide an important contribution. However, to achieve a highly-precise solution, a combination with local terrestrial gravity data is indispensable. Such combinations result in the solution of a Geodetic Boundary Value Problem (GBVP). In contrast to previous studies, mostly related to the traditional (scalar) free GBVP, the present paper discusses the use of the fixed GBVP for height system unification, where gravity disturbances instead of gravity anomalies are applied as boundary values. The basic idea of our approach is a conversion of measured gravity anomalies to gravity disturbances, where unknown datum parameters occur that can be associated with height system biases. In this way, the fixed GBVP can be extended by datum parameters for each datum zone. By evaluating the GBVP at GNSS/leveling benchmarks, the unknown datum parameters can be estimated in a least squares adjustment. Beside the developed theory, we present numerical results of a case study based on the spherical fixed GBVP and boundary values simulated by the use of the global geopotential model EGM2008. In a further step, the impact of approximations like linearization as well as topographic and ellipsoidal effects is taken into account by suitable reduction and correction terms.

Fermionic minimal dark matter in 5D gauge-Higgs unification

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Maru, Nobuhito; Okada, Nobuchika; Okada, Satomi

2017-12-01

We propose a minimal dark matter (MDM) scenario in the context of a simple gauge-Higgs unification (GHU) model based on the gauge group S U (3 )×U (1 )' in five-dimensional Minkowski space with a compactification of the fifth dimension on the 1S/Z2 orbifold. A pair of vectorlike S U (3 ) multiplet fermions in a higher-dimensional representation is introduced in the bulk, and the DM particle is identified with the lightest mass eigenstate among the components in the multiplets. In the original model description, the DM particle communicates with the Standard Model (SM) particles only through the bulk gauge interaction, and hence our model is the GHU version of the MDM scenario. There are two typical realizations of the DM particle in four-dimensional effective theory: (i) the DM particle is mostly composed of the SM S U (2 )L multiplets, or (ii) the DM is mostly composed of the SM S U (2 )L singlets. Since the case (i) is very similar to the original MDM scenario, we focus on the case (ii), which is a realization of the Higgs-portal DM scenario in the context of the GHU model. We identify an allowed parameter region to be consistent with the current experimental constraints, which will be fully covered by the direct dark matter detection experiments in the near future. In the presence of the bulk multiplet fermions in higher-dimensional S U (3 ) representations, we reproduce the 125 GeV Higgs boson mass through the renormalization group evolution of Higgs quartic coupling with the compactification scale of 10-100 TeV.

SO(10) supersymmetric grand unified theories

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Dermisek, Radovan

The origin of the fermion mass hierarchy is one of the most challenging problems in elementary particle physics. In the standard model fermion masses and mixing angles are free parameters. Supersymmetric grand unified theories provide a beautiful framework for physics beyond the standard model. In addition to gauge coupling unification these theories provide relations between quark and lepton masses within families, and with additional family symmetry the hierarchy between families can be generated. We present a predictive SO(10) supersymmetric grand unified model with D 3 x U(1) family symmetry. The hierarchy in fermion masses is generated by the family symmetry breaking D 3 x U(1) → ZN → nothing. This model fits the low energy data in the charged fermion sector quite well. We discuss the prediction of this model for the proton lifetime in light of recent SuperKamiokande results and present a clear picture of the allowed spectra of supersymmetric particles. Finally, the detailed discussion of the Yukawa coupling unification of the third generation particles is provided. We find a narrow region is consistent with t, b, tau Yukawa unification for mu > 0 (suggested by b → sgamma and the anomalous magnetic moment of the muon) with A0 ˜ -1.9m16, m10 ˜ 1.4m16, m16 ≳ 1200 GeV and mu, M1/2 ˜ 100--500 GeV. Demanding Yukawa unification thus makes definite predictions for Higgs and sparticle masses.

The Sigma Cognitive Architecture and System: Towards Functionally Elegant Grand Unification

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rosenbloom, Paul S.; Demski, Abram; Ustun, Volkan

2016-12-01

Sigma (Σ) is a cognitive architecture and system whose development is driven by a combination of four desiderata: grand unification, generic cognition, functional elegance, and sufficient efficiency. Work towards these desiderata is guided by the graphical architecture hypothesis, that key to progress on them is combining what has been learned from over three decades' worth of separate work on cognitive architectures and graphical models. In this article, these four desiderata are motivated and explained, and then combined with the graphical architecture hypothesis to yield a rationale for the development of Sigma. The current state of the cognitive architecture is then introduced in detail, along with the graphical architecture that sits below it and implements it. Progress in extending Sigma beyond these architectures and towards a full cognitive system is then detailed in terms of both a systematic set of higher level cognitive idioms that have been developed and several virtual humans that are built from combinations of these idioms. Sigma as a whole is then analyzed in terms of how well the progress to date satisfies the desiderata. This article thus provides the first full motivation, presentation and analysis of Sigma, along with a diversity of more specific results that have been generated during its development.

Spontaneous formation of nanoparticle stripe patterns through dewetting

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Huang, Jiaxing; Kim, Franklin; Tao, Andrea R.; Connor, Stephen; Yang, Peidong

2005-12-01

Significant advancement has been made in nanoparticle research, with synthetic techniques extending over a wide range of materials with good control over particle size and shape. A grand challenge is assembling and positioning the nanoparticles in desired locations to construct complex, higher-order functional structures. Controlled positioning of nanoparticles has been achieved in pre-defined templates fabricated by top-down approaches. A self-assembly method, however, is highly desirable because of its simplicity and compatibility with heterogeneous integration processes. Here we report on the spontaneous formation of ordered gold and silver nanoparticle stripe patterns on dewetting a dilute film of polymer-coated nanoparticles floating on a water surface. Well-aligned stripe patterns with tunable orientation, thickness and periodicity at the micrometre scale were obtained by transferring nanoparticles from a floating film onto a substrate in a dip-coating fashion. This facile technique opens up a new avenue for lithography-free patterning of nanoparticle arrays for various applications including, for example, multiplexed surface-enhanced Raman substrates and templated fabrication of higher-order nanostructures.

Simple and effective graphene laser processing for neuron patterning application

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lorenzoni, Matteo; Brandi, Fernando; Dante, Silvia; Giugni, Andrea; Torre, Bruno

2013-06-01

A straightforward fabrication technique to obtain patterned substrates promoting ordered neuron growth is presented. Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) single layer graphene (SLG) was machined by means of single pulse UV laser ablation technique at the lowest effective laser fluence in order to minimize laser damage effects. Patterned substrates were then coated with poly-D-lysine by means of a simple immersion in solution. Primary embryonic hippocampal neurons were cultured on our substrate, demonstrating an ordered interconnected neuron pattern mimicking the pattern design. Surprisingly, the functionalization is more effective on the SLG, resulting in notably higher alignment for neuron adhesion and growth. Therefore the proposed technique should be considered a valuable candidate to realize a new generation of highly specialized biosensors.

Simple and effective graphene laser processing for neuron patterning application

PubMed Central

Lorenzoni, Matteo; Brandi, Fernando; Dante, Silvia; Giugni, Andrea; Torre, Bruno

2013-01-01

A straightforward fabrication technique to obtain patterned substrates promoting ordered neuron growth is presented. Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) single layer graphene (SLG) was machined by means of single pulse UV laser ablation technique at the lowest effective laser fluence in order to minimize laser damage effects. Patterned substrates were then coated with poly-D-lysine by means of a simple immersion in solution. Primary embryonic hippocampal neurons were cultured on our substrate, demonstrating an ordered interconnected neuron pattern mimicking the pattern design. Surprisingly, the functionalization is more effective on the SLG, resulting in notably higher alignment for neuron adhesion and growth. Therefore the proposed technique should be considered a valuable candidate to realize a new generation of highly specialized biosensors. PMID:23739674

Unification of height systems in the frame of GGOS

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sánchez, Laura

2015-04-01

Most of the existing vertical reference systems do not fulfil the accuracy requirements of modern Geodesy. They refer to local sea surface levels, are stationary (do not consider variations in time), realize different physical height types (orthometric, normal, normal-orthometric, etc.), and their combination in a global frame presents uncertainties at the metre level. To provide a precise geodetic infrastructure for monitoring the Earth system, the Global Geodetic Observing System (GGOS) of the International Association of Geodesy (IAG), promotes the standardization of the height systems worldwide. The main purpose is to establish a global gravity field-related vertical reference system that (1) supports a highly-precise (at cm-level) combination of physical and geometric heights worldwide, (2) allows the unification of all existing local height datums, and (3) guarantees vertical coordinates with global consistency (the same accuracy everywhere) and long-term stability (the same order of accuracy at any time). Under this umbrella, the present contribution concentrates on the definition and realization of a conventional global vertical reference system; the standardization of the geodetic data referring to the existing height systems; and the formulation of appropriate strategies for the precise transformation of the local height datums into the global vertical reference system. The proposed vertical reference system is based on two components: a geometric component consisting of ellipsoidal heights as coordinates and a level ellipsoid as the reference surface, and a physical component comprising geopotential numbers as coordinates and an equipotential surface defined by a conventional W0 value as the reference surface. The definition of the physical component is based on potential parameters in order to provide reference to any type of physical heights (normal, orthometric, etc.). The conversion of geopotential numbers into metric heights and the modelling of the reference surface (geoid or quasigeoid determination) are considered as steps of the realization. The vertical datum unification strategy is based on (1) the physical connection of height datums to determine their discrepancies, (2) joint analysis of satellite altimetry and tide gauge records to determine time variations of sea level at reference tide gauges, (3) combination of geometrical and physical heights in a well-distributed and high-precise reference frame to estimate the relationship between the individual vertical levels and the global one, and (4) analysis of GNSS time series at reference tide gauges to separate crustal movements from sea level changes. The final vertical transformation parameters are provided by the common adjustment of the observation equations derived from these methods.

The Impact of International and Domestic Factors on the Military Outcomes of National Unification: A Study of Four Historical Cases with Lessons for Korean Unification

DTIC Science & Technology

2014-06-01

between projecting an image of strength and convincing the world that it valued the city-state’s economic success and the laissez - faire sociopolitical...immediately. Poland had not existed as a country when World War I was fought, but its native leadership had a window of opportunity afterward to...reforms in the late 1980s removed from East Germany’s Communist leadership the support that they had long depended on, and the East German people took

Basic visual function and cortical thickness patterns in posterior cortical atrophy.

PubMed

Lehmann, Manja; Barnes, Josephine; Ridgway, Gerard R; Wattam-Bell, John; Warrington, Elizabeth K; Fox, Nick C; Crutch, Sebastian J

2011-09-01

Posterior cortical atrophy (PCA) is characterized by a progressive decline in higher-visual object and space processing, but the extent to which these deficits are underpinned by basic visual impairments is unknown. This study aimed to assess basic and higher-order visual deficits in 21 PCA patients. Basic visual skills including form detection and discrimination, color discrimination, motion coherence, and point localization were measured, and associations and dissociations between specific basic visual functions and measures of higher-order object and space perception were identified. All participants showed impairment in at least one aspect of basic visual processing. However, a number of dissociations between basic visual skills indicated a heterogeneous pattern of visual impairment among the PCA patients. Furthermore, basic visual impairments were associated with particular higher-order object and space perception deficits, but not with nonvisual parietal tasks, suggesting the specific involvement of visual networks in PCA. Cortical thickness analysis revealed trends toward lower cortical thickness in occipitotemporal (ventral) and occipitoparietal (dorsal) regions in patients with visuoperceptual and visuospatial deficits, respectively. However, there was also a lot of overlap in their patterns of cortical thinning. These findings suggest that different presentations of PCA represent points in a continuum of phenotypical variation.

A Typical Synergy

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

van Noort, Thomas; Achten, Peter; Plasmeijer, Rinus

We present a typical synergy between dynamic types (dynamics) and generalised algebraic datatypes (GADTs). The former provides a clean approach to integrating dynamic typing in a statically typed language. It allows values to be wrapped together with their type in a uniform package, deferring type unification until run time using a pattern match annotated with the desired type. The latter allows for the explicit specification of constructor types, as to enforce their structural validity. In contrast to ADTs, GADTs are heterogeneous structures since each constructor type is implicitly universally quantified. Unfortunately, pattern matching only enforces structural validity and does not provide instantiation information on polymorphic types. Consequently, functions that manipulate such values, such as a type-safe update function, are cumbersome due to boilerplate type representation administration. In this paper we focus on improving such functions by providing a new GADT annotation via a natural synergy with dynamics. We formally define the semantics of the annotation and touch on novel other applications of this technique such as type dispatching and enforcing type equality invariants on GADT values.

Towards a unification of the hierarchical reference theory and the self-consistent Ornstein-Zernike approximation.

PubMed

Reiner, A; Høye, J S

2005-12-01

The hierarchical reference theory and the self-consistent Ornstein-Zernike approximation are two liquid state theories that both furnish a largely satisfactory description of the critical region as well as phase coexistence and the equation of state in general. Furthermore, there are a number of similarities that suggest the possibility of a unification of both theories. As a first step towards this goal, we consider the problem of combining the lowest order gamma expansion result for the incorporation of a Fourier component of the interaction with the requirement of consistency between internal and free energies, leaving aside the compressibility relation. For simplicity, we restrict ourselves to a simplified lattice gas that is expected to display the same qualitative behavior as more elaborate models. It turns out that the analytically tractable mean spherical approximation is a solution to this problem, as are several of its generalizations. Analysis of the characteristic equations shows the potential for a practical scheme and yields necessary conditions that any closure to the Ornstein-Zernike relation must fulfill for the consistency problem to be well posed and to have a unique differentiable solution. These criteria are expected to remain valid for more general discrete and continuous systems, even if consistency with the compressibility route is also enforced where possible explicit solutions will require numerical evaluations.

REVIEWS OF TOPICAL PROBLEMS: Contemporary status and prospects of high-energy physics

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Okun', Lev B.

1981-05-01

A concise review of the most recent major achievements of elementary-particle physics is given. The successes and problems of gauge theories of the strong and electroweak interactions are discussed. A comparison is made of the possible alternatives in the development of physics in the transition to laboratory energies of the order of a tera-electron-volt. Models of grand unification and superunification of the various types of fundamental interactions are considered. A number of examples are used to demonstrate the connection between the properties of elementary particles and the properties of astronomical objects and of the Universe as a whole.

Higher order mode of a microstripline fed cylindrical dielectric resonator antenna

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Kumar, A. V. Praveen, E-mail: praveen.kumar@pilani.bits-pilani.ac.in

2016-03-09

A microstrip transmission line can be used to excite the broadside radiating mode of a cylindrical dielectric resonator antenna (CDRA). The same is found to excite considerably well a higher order mode (HOM) as well. However unlike the broadside mode, the higher order mode gives distorted radiation pattern which makes this mode less useful for practical applications. The cause of distortion in the HOM radiation and the dependence of HOM coupling on the microstrip feed line are explored using HFSS simulations.

8-Spinors and structure of solitons in generalized Mie electrodynamics

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Rybakov, Yu. P., E-mail: soliton4@mail.ru

2013-02-15

A generalization of Mie electrodynamics is considered. It includes a 8-spinor field and higher powers of the Mie invariant A{sub {mu}}A{sup {mu}}. Particular topological properties of 8-spinors are indicated and are associated with the existence of the remarkable Brioschi identity of eight squares, which permits deriving a natural 8-spinor unification of the Skyrme model of baryons and the Faddeev model of leptons, these particles being treated as topological solitons. Two types of soliton configurations admitted by the model are constructed. These are charged static and neutral lightlike (luxons) ones.

Variants of kinetically modified non-minimal Higgs inflation in supergravity

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Pallis, C.

2016-10-01

We consider models of chaotic inflation driven by the real parts of a conjugate pair of Higgs superfields involved in the spontaneous breaking of a grand unification symmetry at a scale assuming its Supersymmetric (SUSY) value. Employing Kähler potentials with a prominent shift-symmetric part proportional to c- and a tiny violation, proportional to c+, included in a logarithm we show that the inflationary observables provide an excellent match to the recent Planck and BICAP2/Keck Array results setting, e.g., 6.4 · 10-3 lesssim r± = c+/c- lesssim 1/N where N = 2 or 3 is the prefactor of the logarithm. Deviations of these prefactors from their integer values above are also explored and a region where hilltop inflation occurs is localized. Moreover, we analyze two distinct possible stabilization mechanisms for the non-inflaton accompanying superfield, one tied to higher order terms and one with just quadratic terms within the argument of a logarithm with positive prefactor NS < 6. In all cases, inflation can be attained for subplanckian inflaton values with the corresponding effective theories retaining the perturbative unitarity up to the Planck scale.

Neural Classifiers for Learning Higher-Order Correlations

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Güler, Marifi

1999-01-01

Studies by various authors suggest that higher-order networks can be more powerful and are biologically more plausible with respect to the more traditional multilayer networks. These architectures make explicit use of nonlinear interactions between input variables in the form of higher-order units or product units. If it is known a priori that the problem to be implemented possesses a given set of invariances like in the translation, rotation, and scale invariant pattern recognition problems, those invariances can be encoded, thus eliminating all higher-order terms which are incompatible with the invariances. In general, however, it is a serious set-back that the complexity of learning increases exponentially with the size of inputs. This paper reviews higher-order networks and introduces an implicit representation in which learning complexity is mainly decided by the number of higher-order terms to be learned and increases only linearly with the input size.

An experiment to detect gut monopoles

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Macneill, G.; Fegan, D. J.

1985-01-01

Recent advances in the development of Grand Unification Theories have led to several interesting predictions. One of these states that Grand Unification Monopoles (GUMs) exist as solutions in may nonabelian gauge theories. Another consequence of Unification is the possibility of baryon decay. The efficiency of the water tank detector in registering a Rubakov type decay will vary with both the interaction length and the GUM's velocity, expressed in terms of beta ( 0.01). The efficiency decreases at large values of because of the limited resolving time of the detector (approx. 50 ns). At lower values of Beta the time between interactions is such that the criterion of 4 events in 2 mu s can no longer be satisfied. The Rubakov experiment has now been in operation for almost 2 years with an estimated live time of 80%. During this time no candidate events have been observed leading to an estimated upper limit on the flux of 7.82 x 0.00001 m(-2) d(-1) Sr(-1). The ionization loss detection system has only recently come on line and as yet no results are available from this experiment.

Reflections on the nature of the concepts of field in physics

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Pombo, C.

2012-12-01

This paper is a short introduction on the analysis of the concepts of field in physics, showing their different natures. It comprises a study on the development of observers based on observational realism, a physical epistemology in development, on the basis of analytical psychology. This epistemology incorporates and justify the proposition of R. Carnap, of separating observational and theoretical domains of a theory, and gives a criterion for this separation. The basis of three theories are discussed, where concepts of field emerge. We discuss the different origins and meanings of these fields, from an epistemological point of view, in their respective theories. The aim of this paper is to form a basis of discussion to be applied in the analysis of other theories where concepts of field are present, to reach a better understanding of the contemporary programs of unification. We would like to clarify if these programs are intended for unification of fields as elements of the physical reality, fields as explanations for the observations, unification of their theories, or other possible cases.

Low-luminosity Blazars in Wise: A Mid-infrared View of Unification

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Plotkin, Richard M.; Anderson, S. F.; Brandt, W. N.; Markoff, S.; Shemmer, O.; Wu, J.

2012-01-01

We use the preliminary data release from the Wide-Field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE) to perform the first statistical study on the mid-infrared (IR) properties of a large number ( 102) of BL Lac objects -- low-luminosity Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN) with a jet beamed toward the Earth. As expected, many BL Lac objects are so highly beamed that their jet synchrotron emission dominates their IR spectral energy distributions (SEDs), and the shape of their SEDs in the IR correlates well with SED peak frequency. In other BL Lac objects, the jet is not strong enough to completely dilute the rest of the AGN, and we do not see observational signatures of the dusty torus from these weakly beamed BL Lac objects. While at odds with simple unification, the missing torus is consistent with recent suggestions that BL Lac objects are fed by radiatively inefficient accretion flows. We discuss implications on the ``nature vs. nurture" debate for FR I and FR II galaxies, and also on the standard orientation-based AGN unification model.

Study on relationship between pollen exine ornamentation pattern and germplasm evolution in flowering crabapple

PubMed Central

Zhang, Wang-Xiang; Zhao, Ming-Ming; Fan, Jun-Jun; Zhou, Ting; Chen, Yong-Xia; Cao, Fu-Liang

2017-01-01

Pollen ornamentation patterns are important in the study of plant genetic evolution and systematic taxonomy. However, they are normally difficult to quantify. Based on observations of pollen exine ornamentation characteristics of 128 flowering crabapple germplasms (44 natural species and 84 varieties), three qualitative variables with binary properties (Xi: regularity of pollen exine ornamentation; Yi: scope of ornamentation arrangement regularity; Zi: ornamentation arrangement patterns) were extracted to establish a binary three-dimensional data matrix (Xi Yi Zi) and the matrix data were converted to decimal data through weight assignment, which facilitated the unification of qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis. The result indicates that from species population to variety population and from parent population to variety population, the exine ornamentation of all three dimensions present the evolutionary trend of regular → irregular, wholly regular → partially regular, and single pattern → multiple patterns. Regarding the evolutionary degree, the regularity of ornamentation was significantly lower in both the variety population and progeny population, with a degree of decrease 0.82–1.27 times that of the regularity range of R-type ornamentation. In addition, the evolutionary degree significantly increased along Xi  → Yi → Zi. The result also has certain reference values for defining the taxonomic status of Malus species. PMID:28059122

Stripe-like Clay Nanotubes Patterns in Glass Capillary Tubes for Capture of Tumor Cells.

PubMed

Liu, Mingxian; He, Rui; Yang, Jing; Zhao, Wei; Zhou, Changren

2016-03-01

Here, we used capillary tubes to evaporate an aqueous dispersion of halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) in a controlled manner to prepare a patterned surface with ordered alignment of the nanotubes . Sodium polystyrenesulfonate (PSS) was added to improve the surface charges of the tubes. An increased negative charge of HNTs is realized by PSS coating (from -26.1 mV to -52.2 mV). When the HNTs aqueous dispersion concentration is higher than 10%, liquid crystal phenomenon of the dispersion is found. A typical shear flow behavior and decreased viscosity upon shear is found when HNTs dispersions with concentrations higher than 10%. Upon drying the HNTs aqueous dispersion in capillary tubes, a regular pattern is formed in the wall of the tube. The width and spacing of the bands increase with HNTs dispersion concentration and decrease with the drying temperature for a given initial concentration. Morphology results show that an ordered alignment of HNTs is found especially for the sample of 10%. The patterned surface can be used as a model for preparing PDMS molding with regular micro-/nanostructure. Also, the HNTs rough surfaces can provide much higher tumor cell capture efficiency compared to blank glass surfaces. The HNTs ordered surfaces provide promising application for biomedical areas such as biosensors.

Warped unification, proton stability, and dark matter.

PubMed

Agashe, Kaustubh; Servant, Géraldine

2004-12-03

We show that solving the problem of baryon-number violation in nonsupersymmetric grand unified theories (GUT's) in warped higher-dimensional spacetime can lead to a stable Kaluza-Klein particle. This exotic particle has gauge quantum numbers of a right-handed neutrino, but carries fractional baryon number and is related to the top quark within the higher-dimensional GUT. A combination of baryon number and SU(3) color ensures its stability. Its relic density can easily be of the right value for masses in the 10 GeV-few TeV range. An exciting aspect of these models is that the entire parameter space will be tested at near future dark matter direct detection experiments. Other exotic GUT partners of the top quark are also light and can be produced at high energy colliders with distinctive signatures.

Birth order and hospitalization for alcohol and narcotics use in Sweden.

PubMed

Barclay, Kieron; Myrskylä, Mikko; Tynelius, Per; Berglind, Daniel; Rasmussen, Finn

2016-10-01

Previous studies have shown that birth order is an important predictor of later life health as well as socioeconomic attainment. In this study, we examine the relationship between birth order and hospitalization for alcohol and narcotics use in Sweden. We study the relationship between birth order and hospitalization related to alcohol and narcotics use before and after the age of 20 using Swedish register data for cohorts born 1987-1994. We apply Cox proportional hazard models and use sibling fixed effects, eliminating confounding by factors shared by the siblings. Before age 20 we find that later born siblings are hospitalized for alcohol use at a higher rate than first-borns, and there is a monotonic increase in the hazard of hospitalization with increasing birth order. Second-borns are hospitalized at a rate 47% higher than first-borns, and third-borns at a rate 65% higher. Similar patterns are observed for hospitalization for narcotics use. After age 20 the pattern is similar, but the association is weaker. These patterns are consistent across various sibling group sizes. Later born siblings are more likely to be hospitalized for both alcohol and narcotics use in Sweden. These birth order effects are substantial in size, and larger than the estimated sex differences for the risk of hospitalization related to alcohol and drug use before age 20, and previous estimates for socioeconomic status differences in alcohol and drug abuse. Copyright © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd.. All rights reserved.

The Supersymmetric Fat Higgs

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Harnik, Roni

2004-10-27

Supersymmetric models have traditionally been assumed to be perturbative up to high scales due to the requirement of calculable unification. In this note I review the recently proposed `Fat Higgs' model which relaxes the requirement of perturbativity. In this framework, an NMSSM-like trilinear coupling becomes strong at some intermediate scale. The NMSSM Higgses are meson composites of an asymptotically-free gauge theory. This allows us to raise the mass of the Higgs, thus alleviating the MSSM of its fine tuning problem. Despite the strong coupling at an intermediate scale, the UV completion allows us to maintain gauge coupling unification.

Mixture IRT Model with a Higher-Order Structure for Latent Traits

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Huang, Hung-Yu

2017-01-01

Mixture item response theory (IRT) models have been suggested as an efficient method of detecting the different response patterns derived from latent classes when developing a test. In testing situations, multiple latent traits measured by a battery of tests can exhibit a higher-order structure, and mixtures of latent classes may occur on…

Evolution of Sousa chinensis: a scenario based on mitochondrial DNA study.

PubMed

Lin, Wenzhi; Zhou, Ruilian; Porter, Lindsay; Chen, Jialin; Wu, Yuping

2010-11-01

Taxonomy within genus Sousa is confused largely due to inconsistencies among external morphology, skull morphology, pigmentation patterns and molecular studies. Here we provide our understanding of the evolution of Sousa chinensis by proposing a phylogeographic history based on mtDNA study. It is proposed that the species originated in eastern Australian waters and the current distribution has taken shape over the last 8.02-1.24 million years. Populations in Southeast Asia and Australian region experienced recent expansion about 0.54-1.5 million years ago. It is also proposed that populations in Southeast Asia experienced separation, re-unification and further dispersal during the last glacial age with multiple north-south migration across the Sahul Shelf area of northern Australia. Copyright © 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

The heart as a self-regulating system: integration of homeodynamic mechanisms.

PubMed

Kresh, J Y; Armour, J A

1997-04-01

In the past the study of mechanical and electrical properties of the heart has been disjointed with minimal overlap and unification. The fact remains that these features are tightly coupled and central to the functioning heart. The maintenance of adequate cardiac output relies upon the highly integrated autoregulatory mechanisms and modulation of cardiac myocyte function. Regional ventricular mechanics and energetics are dependent upon muscle fiber stress-strain rate, the passive properties of myocardial collagen matrix, adequate vascular perfusion, transcapillary transport and electrical activation pattern. Intramural hydraulic "loading" is regulated by coronary arterial and venous dynamics. All of these components are under the constant influence of intrinsic cardiac and extracardiac autonomic neurons, as well as circulating hormones. A brief overview of the putative regulation of these various components is presented in this paper.

Flavor hierarchy in SO(10) grand unified theories via 5-dimensional wave-function localization

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kitano, Ryuichiro; Li, Tianjun

2003-06-01

A mechanism to generate fermion-mass hierarchy in SO(10) grand unified theories is considered. We find that the lopsided family structure, which is suitable to the large angle Mikheyev-Smirnov-Wolfenstein solution to solar neutrino oscillation, is realized without introducing extra matter fields if the hierarchy originates from the wave-function profile in an extra dimension. Unlike the Froggatt-Nielsen mechanism, the SO(10) breaking effect may directly contribute to the source of the hierarchy, i.e., the bulk mass terms. It naturally explains the difference of the hierarchical patterns between the quark and the lepton sectors. We also find the possibility of horizontal unification, in which three generations of matter fields are unified to a 3-dimensional representation of an SU(2) gauge group.

The heavy top quark and supersymmetry

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Hall, L.J.

1997-01-01

Three aspects of supersymmetric theories are discussed: electroweak symmetry breaking, the issues of flavor, and gauge unification. The heavy top quark plays an important, sometimes dominant, role in each case. Additional symmetries lead to extensions of the Standard Model which can provide an understanding for many of the outstanding problems of particle physics. A broken supersymmetric extension of spacetime allows electroweak symmetry breaking to follow from the dynamics of the heavy top quark; an extension of isospin provides a constrained framework for understanding the pattern of quark and lepton masses; and a grand unified extension of the Standard Model gaugemore » group provides an elegant understanding of the gauge quantum numbers of the components of a generation. Experimental signatures for each of these additional symmetries are discussed.« less

Data Mining on Numeric Error in Computerized Physician Order Entry System Prescriptions.

PubMed

Wu, Xue; Wu, Changxu

2017-01-01

This study revealed the numeric error patterns related to dosage when doctors prescribed in computerized physician order entry system. Error categories showed that the '6','7', and '9' key produced a higher incidence of errors in Numpad typing, while the '2','3', and '0' key produced a higher incidence of errors in main keyboard digit line typing. Errors categorized as omission and substitution were higher in prevalence than transposition and intrusion.

[Spatial point patterns of Antarctic krill fishery in the northern Antarctic Peninsula].

PubMed

Yang, Xiao Ming; Li, Yi Xin; Zhu, Guo Ping

2016-12-01

As a key species in the Antarctic ecosystem, the spatial distribution of Antarctic krill (thereafter krill) often tends to present aggregation characteristics, which therefore reflects the spatial patterns of krill fishing operation. Based on the fishing data collected from Chinese krill fishing vessels, of which vessel A was professional krill fishing vessel and Vessel B was a fishing vessel which shifted between Chilean jack mackerel (Trachurus murphyi) fishing ground and krill fishing ground. In order to explore the characteristics of spatial distribution pattern and their ecological effects of two obvious different fishing fleets under a high and low nominal catch per unit effort (CPUE), from the viewpoint of spatial point pattern, the present study analyzed the spatial distribution characteristics of krill fishery in the northern Antarctic Peninsula from three aspects: (1) the two vessels' point pattern characteristics of higher CPUEs and lower CPUEs at different scales; (2) correlation of the bivariate point patterns between these points of higher CPUE and lower CPUE; and (3) correlation patterns of CPUE. Under the analysis derived from the Ripley's L function and mark correlation function, the results showed that the point patterns of the higher/lo-wer catch available were similar, both showing an aggregation distribution in this study windows at all scale levels. The aggregation intensity of krill fishing was nearly maximum at 15 km spatial scale, and kept stably higher values at the scale of 15-50 km. The aggregation intensity of krill fishery point patterns could be described in order as higher CPUE of vessel A > lower CPUE of vessel B >higher CPUE of vessel B > higher CPUE of vessel B. The relationship of the higher and lo-wer CPUEs of vessel A showed positive correlation at the spatial scale of 0-75 km, and presented stochastic relationship after 75 km scale, whereas vessel B showed positive correlation at all spatial scales. The point events of higher and lower CPUEs were synchronized, showing significant correlations at most of spatial scales because of the dynamics nature and complex of krill aggregation patterns. The distribution of vessel A's CPUEs was positively correlated at scales of 0-44 km, but negatively correlated at the scales of 44-80 km. The distribution of vessel B's CPUEs was negatively correlated at the scales of 50-70 km, but no significant correlations were found at other scales. The CPUE mark point patterns showed a negative correlation, which indicated that intraspecific competition for space and prey was significant. There were significant differences in spatial point pattern distribution between vessel A with higher fishing capacity and vessel B with lower fishing capacity. The results showed that the professional krill fishing vessel is suitable to conduct the analysis of spatial point pattern and scientific fishery survey.

Comparison between geodetic and oceanographic approaches to estimate mean dynamic topography for vertical datum unification: evaluation at Australian tide gauges

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Filmer, M. S.; Hughes, C. W.; Woodworth, P. L.; Featherstone, W. E.; Bingham, R. J.

2018-04-01

The direct method of vertical datum unification requires estimates of the ocean's mean dynamic topography (MDT) at tide gauges, which can be sourced from either geodetic or oceanographic approaches. To assess the suitability of different types of MDT for this purpose, we evaluate 13 physics-based numerical ocean models and six MDTs computed from observed geodetic and/or ocean data at 32 tide gauges around the Australian coast. We focus on the viability of numerical ocean models for vertical datum unification, classifying the 13 ocean models used as either independent (do not contain assimilated geodetic data) or non-independent (do contain assimilated geodetic data). We find that the independent and non-independent ocean models deliver similar results. Maximum differences among ocean models and geodetic MDTs reach >150 mm at several Australian tide gauges and are considered anomalous at the 99% confidence level. These differences appear to be of geodetic origin, but without additional independent information, or formal error estimates for each model, some of these errors remain inseparable. Our results imply that some ocean models have standard deviations of differences with other MDTs (using geodetic and/or ocean observations) at Australian tide gauges, and with levelling between some Australian tide gauges, of ˜ ± 50 mm . This indicates that they should be considered as an alternative to geodetic MDTs for the direct unification of vertical datums. They can also be used as diagnostics for errors in geodetic MDT in coastal zones, but the inseparability problem remains, where the error cannot be discriminated between the geoid model or altimeter-derived mean sea surface.

A decade of Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer Seyfert observations: An RXTE Seyfert spectral database

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mattson, Barbara Jo

2008-10-01

With over forty years of X-ray observations, we should have a grasp on the X- ray nature of active galactic nuclei (AGN). The unification model of Antonucci and Miller (1985) offered a context for understanding observations by defining a "typical" AGN geometry, with observed spectral differences explained by line- of-sight effects. However, the emerging picture is that the central AGN is more complex than unification alone can describe. We explore the unified model with a systematic X-ray spectral study of bright Seyfert galaxies observed by the Rossi X-Ray Timing Explorer (RXTE) over its first 10 years. We develop a spectral-fit database of 821 time-resolved spectra from 39 Seyfert galaxies fitted to a model describing the effects of an X-ray power-law spectrum reprocessed and absorbed by material in the central AGN region. We observe a relationship between radio and X-ray properties for Seyfert 1s, with the spectral parameters differing between radio-loud and radio-quiet Seyfert 1s. We also find a complex relationship between the Fe K equivalent width ( EW ) and the power-law photon index (Gamma) for the Seyfert 1s, with a correlation for the radio-loud sources and an anti-correlation for the radio- quiet sources. These results can be explained if X-rays from the relativistic jet in radio-loud sources contribute significantly to the observed spectrum. We observe scatter in the EW-Gamma relationship for the Seyfert 2s, suggesting complex environments that unification alone cannot explain. We see a strong correlation between Gamma and the reflection fraction ( R ) in the Seyfert 1 and 2 samples, but modeling degeneracies are present, so this relationship cannot be trusted as instructive of the AGN physics. For the Seyfert 1 sample, we find an anticorrelation between EW and the 2 to 10 keV luminosity ( L x ), also known as the X-ray Baldwin effect. This may suggest that higher luminosity sources contain less material or may be due to a time-lag effect. We do not observe the previously reported relationship between Gamma and the ratio of L x to the Eddington luminosity.

The virtues of evidence.

PubMed

Zarkovich, Erica; Upshur, R E G

2002-01-01

Evidence-based medicine has been defined as the conscientious and judicious use of current best evidence in making clinical decisions. This paper will attempt to explicate the terms "conscientious" and "judicious" within the evidence-based medicine definition. It will be argued that "conscientious" and "judicious" represent virtue terms derived from virtue ethics and virtue epistemology. The identification of explicit virtue components in the definition and therefore conception of evidence-based medicine presents an important starting point in the connection between virtue theories and medicine itself. In addition, a unification of virtue theories and evidence-based medicine will illustrate the need for future research in order to combine the fields of virtue-based approaches and clinical practice.

Unification of some advection schemes in two dimensions

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Sidilkover, D.; Roe, P. L.

1995-01-01

The relationship between two approaches towards construction of genuinely two-dimensional upwind advection schemes is established. One of these approaches is of the control volume type applicable on structured cartesian meshes. It resulted in the compact high resolution schemes capable of maintaining second order accuracy in both homogeneous and inhomogeneous cases. Another one is the fluctuation splitting approach, which is well suited for triangular (and possibly) unstructured meshes. Understanding the relationship between these two approaches allows us to formulate here a new fluctuation splitting high resolution (i.e. possible use of artificial compression, while maintaining positivity property) scheme. This scheme is shown to be linearity preserving in inhomogeneous as well as homogeneous cases.

[Political and organizational-legal frameworks for cooperation between countries of the Asia-Pacific region in the field of military medicine].

PubMed

Kholikov, I V; Dmitrakovich, D V

2014-12-01

A framework for cooperation in the field of military medicine in the Asia-Pacific region is considered. Expert Working Group on Military Medicine in cooperation with the Association of Southeast Asian dialogue partners (including Russia) was formed to discuss the most important issues in the field of military medicine, to share practical experience of military physicians, standardization and unification of medical equipment, medicines, levels and standards of medical services and other issues in order to enhance cooperation of military medical services of the participating countries. From 2014 to 2016, the Russian Federation and the Kingdom of Thailand are co-chairs of the expert group.

Deviation pattern approach for optimizing perturbative terms of QCD renormalization group invariant observables

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Khellat, M. R.; Mirjalili, A.

2017-03-01

We first consider the idea of renormalization group-induced estimates, in the context of optimization procedures, for the Brodsky-Lepage-Mackenzie approach to generate higher-order contributions to QCD perturbative series. Secondly, we develop the deviation pattern approach (DPA) in which through a series of comparisons between lowerorder RG-induced estimates and the corresponding analytical calculations, one could modify higher-order RG-induced estimates. Finally, using the normal estimation procedure and DPA, we get estimates of αs4 corrections for the Bjorken sum rule of polarized deep-inelastic scattering and for the non-singlet contribution to the Adler function.

Extra-dimensional models on the lattice

DOE PAGES

Knechtli, Francesco; Rinaldi, Enrico

2016-08-05

In this paper we summarize the ongoing effort to study extra-dimensional gauge theories with lattice simulations. In these models the Higgs field is identified with extra-dimensional components of the gauge field. The Higgs potential is generated by quantum corrections and is protected from divergences by the higher dimensional gauge symmetry. Dimensional reduction to four dimensions can occur through compactification or localization. Gauge-Higgs unification models are often studied using perturbation theory. Numerical lattice simulations are used to go beyond these perturbative expectations and to include nonperturbative effects. We describe the known perturbative predictions and their fate in the strongly-coupled regime formore » various extra-dimensional models.« less

An XMM-Newton spectral survey of 12 μm selected galaxies - II. Implications for AGN selection and unification

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Brightman, Murray; Nandra, Kirpal

2011-07-01

We present a multi-waveband analysis of a 126-galaxy sub-sample of the 12 μm galaxy sample (12MGS), for which we have carried out a detailed X-ray spectral analysis in a previous paper. We determine the activity class of the galaxies by way of optical-line ratio diagnostics and characterize the optical classes by their X-ray, 12 μm and [O III] luminosities and X-ray spectral properties. Our most interesting results from this investigation are as follows. (i) Seyfert (Sy) 1s and Sy2s show a significantly different X-ray luminosity distributions from each other. (ii) Sy2 galaxies with a detection of a hidden broad-line region show a significantly higher X-ray luminosity than those without a detection, supporting the findings of Tran. (iii) Sy1s also present a significantly different 12 μm luminosity distribution from both intermediate Sy types and Sy2s. (iv) The Sy2 fraction decreases towards high X-ray luminosities. (v) X-ray indications of active galactic nuclei (AGN) power agree well with the optical classifications. (vi) There is X-ray evidence for the presence of an AGN in 17 per cent of H II/AGN composite galaxies and 40 per cent of LINERs. (vii) We advocate the use of a 2-10 keV X-ray luminosity of 1041 erg s-1 in the X-ray selection of AGN, rather than 1042 erg s-1, which we find gives a contamination rate of only 3 per cent from star-forming galaxies. (viii) From an analysis of the X-ray power-law index, Γ, we find that Sy1s and Sy2 have the same intrinsic distributions, implying that the central engines are the same, in support of AGN unification schemes. (ix) In 24 per cent of cases the absorption measured in the X-ray spectra does not correspond directly to that implied in the optical band from the visibility of the broad-line regions (BLRs), which is in conflict with AGN unification schemes. (x) We confirm the previous work showing that the obscured fraction in AGN declines at high X-ray luminosity, but also find a decrease at low luminosity having peaked at LX˜ 1042 erg s-1, suggesting that source luminosity has a large effect on the obscuring material, therefore also calling for a modification to unified schemes. (xi) The average obscured and Compton-thick fractions for this sample are 62 ± 5 per cent and 20 ± 4 per cent, respectively, which are higher than hard X-ray and optically selected samples, therefore supporting mid-infrared (MIR) selection as a relatively unbiased method of selecting AGN. (xii) We assess the use of the 'T' ratio (?) for selecting Compton-thick candidates. We conclude here that this quantity can often be unreliable due to uncertainties in the extinction corrections to the [O III] flux. These results have important impacts on AGN selection and unification, and the results from the 12MGS are particularly useful as a local analogue to Spitzer/MIPS 24 μm samples selected at z= 1, as observed 24 μm emission originates at rest-frame 12 μm in sources at this redshift.

Noise in Neural Networks: Thresholds, Hysteresis, and Neuromodulation of Signal-To-Noise

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Keeler, James D.; Pichler, Elgar E.; Ross, John

1989-03-01

We study a neural-network model including Gaussian noise, higher-order neuronal interactions, and neuromodulation. For a first-order network, there is a threshold in the noise level (phase transition) above which the network displays only disorganized behavior and critical slowing down near the noise threshold. The network can tolerate more noise if it has higher-order feedback interactions, which also lead to hysteresis and multistability in the network dynamics. The signal-to-noise ratio can be adjusted in a biological neural network by neuromodulators such as norepinephrine. Comparisons are made to experimental results and further investigations are suggested to test the effects of hysteresis and neuromodulation in pattern recognition and learning. We propose that norepinephrine may ``quench'' the neural patterns of activity to enhance the ability to learn details.

Multi-component fermionic dark matter and IceCube PeV scale neutrinos in left-right model with gauge unification

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Borah, Debasish; Dasgupta, Arnab; Dey, Ujjal Kumar; Patra, Sudhanwa; Tomar, Gaurav

2017-09-01

We consider a simple extension of the minimal left-right symmetric model (LRSM) in order to explain the PeV neutrino events seen at the IceCube experiment from a heavy decaying dark matter. The dark matter sector is composed of two fermions: one at PeV scale and the other at TeV scale such that the heavier one can decay into the lighter one and two neutrinos. The gauge annihilation cross sections of PeV dark matter are not large enough to generate its relic abundance within the observed limit. We include a pair of real scalar triplets Ω L,R which can bring the thermally overproduced PeV dark matter abundance into the observed range through late time decay and consequent entropy release thereby providing a consistent way to obtain the correct relic abundance without violating the unitarity bound on dark matter mass. Another scalar field, a bitriplet under left-right gauge group is added to assist the heavier dark matter decay. The presence of an approximate global U(1) X symmetry can naturally explain the origin of tiny couplings required for long-lived nature of these decaying particles. We also show, how such an extended LRSM can be incorporated within a non-supersymmetric SO(10) model where the gauge coupling unification at a very high scale naturally accommodate a PeV scale intermediate symmetry, required to explain the PeV events at IceCube.

Unification Principle and a Geometric Field Theory

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wanas, Mamdouh I.; Osman, Samah N.; El-Kholy, Reham I.

2015-08-01

In the context of the geometrization philosophy, a covariant field theory is constructed. The theory satisfies the unification principle. The field equations of the theory are constructed depending on a general differential identity in the geometry used. The Lagrangian scalar used in the formalism is neither curvature scalar nor torsion scalar, but an alloy made of both, the W-scalar. The physical contents of the theory are explored depending on different methods. The analysis shows that the theory is capable of dealing with gravity, electromagnetism and material distribution with possible mutual interactions. The theory is shown to cover the domain of general relativity under certain conditions.

By design: James Clerk Maxwell and the evangelical unification of science.

PubMed

Stanley, Matthew

2012-03-01

James Clerk Maxwell's electromagnetic theory famously unified many of the Victorian laws of physics. This essay argues that Maxwell saw a deep theological significance in the unification of physical laws. He postulated a variation on the design argument that focused on the unity of phenomena rather than Paley's emphasis on complexity. This argument of Maxwell's is shown to be connected to his particular evangelical religious views. His evangelical perspective provided encouragement for him to pursue a unified physics that supplemented his other philosophical, technical and social influences. Maxwell's version of the argument from design is also contrasted with modern 'intelligent-design' theory.

Divided Countries, Divided Mind 1: Psycho-Social Issues in Adaptation Problems of North Korean Defectors

PubMed Central

2008-01-01

A review of studies on the adaptation problems of North Korean defectors in South Korean society and studies of people's adaptation to political and cultural changes in other countries suggests that similar adaptation problems may occur in the process of and after unification. Defectors have various adaptation problems and some of them have psychiatric disorders such as depression and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The reasons for this were revealed to be the difference in the culture and personality between South and North Korea, which have developed for the last 60 years without any communication with each other, in spite of their common racial and cultural heritage. Economic factors including the lack of skills and knowledge for working at industrialized and competitive society like South Korean society, also aggravate the severity of such adaptation problems. Research on defectors' adaptation problems and on the differences in the culture and mentality between North and South Korea can provide useful information on what kinds of problems may arise during the process of and after unification and what should be done to achieve mutual adaptation and harmonious and peaceful unification. PMID:20046402

A Strategy Toward Reconstructing the Healthcare System of a Unified Korea

PubMed Central

Lee, Yo Han; Kim, Seok Hyang; Shin, Hyun-Woung; Lee, Jin Yong; Kim, Beomsoo; Kim, Young Ae; Yoon, Jangho; Shin, Young Seok

2013-01-01

This road map aims to establish a stable and integrated healthcare system for the Korean Peninsula by improving health conditions and building a foundation for healthcare in North Korea through a series of effective healthcare programs. With a basic time frame extending from the present in stages towards unification, the roadmap is composed of four successive phases. The first and second phases, each expected to last five years, respectively, focus on disease treatment and nutritional treatment. These phases would thereby safeguard the health of the most vulnerable populations in North Korea, while fulfilling the basic health needs of other groups by modernizing existing medical facilities. Based on the gains of the first two phases, the third phase, for ten years, would prepare for unification of the Koreas by promoting the health of all the North Korean people and improving basic infrastructural elements such as health workforce capacity and medical institutions. The fourth phase, assuming that unification will take place, provides fundamental principles and directions for establishing an integrated healthcare system across the Korean Peninsula. We are hoping to increase the consistency of the program and overcome several existing concerns of the current program with this roadmap. PMID:23766871

A strategy toward reconstructing the healthcare system of a unified Korea.

PubMed

Lee, Yo Han; Yoon, Seok-Jun; Kim, Seok Hyang; Shin, Hyun-Woung; Lee, Jin Yong; Kim, Beomsoo; Kim, Young Ae; Yoon, Jangho; Shin, Young Seok

2013-05-01

This road map aims to establish a stable and integrated healthcare system for the Korean Peninsula by improving health conditions and building a foundation for healthcare in North Korea through a series of effective healthcare programs. With a basic time frame extending from the present in stages towards unification, the roadmap is composed of four successive phases. The first and second phases, each expected to last five years, respectively, focus on disease treatment and nutritional treatment. These phases would thereby safeguard the health of the most vulnerable populations in North Korea, while fulfilling the basic health needs of other groups by modernizing existing medical facilities. Based on the gains of the first two phases, the third phase, for ten years, would prepare for unification of the Koreas by promoting the health of all the North Korean people and improving basic infrastructural elements such as health workforce capacity and medical institutions. The fourth phase, assuming that unification will take place, provides fundamental principles and directions for establishing an integrated healthcare system across the Korean Peninsula. We are hoping to increase the consistency of the program and overcome several existing concerns of the current program with this roadmap.

Geoid modeling in Mexico and the collaboration with Central America and the Caribbean.

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Avalos, D.; Gomez, R.

2012-12-01

The model of geoidal heights for Mexico, named GGM10, is presented as a geodetic tool to support vertical positioning in the context of regional height system unification. It is a purely gravimetric solution computed by the Stokes-Helmert technique in resolution of 2.5 arc minutes. This product from the Instituto Nacional de Estadistica y Geografia (INEGI) is released together with a series of 10 gravimetric models which add to the improvements in description of the gravity field. In the recent years, the INEGI joined the initiative of the U.S. National Geodetic Survey and the Canada's Geodetic Survey Division to promote the regional height system unification. In an effort to further improve the compatibility among national geoid models in the region, the INEGI has begun to champion a network of specialists that includes national representatives from Central America and the Caribbean. Through the opening of opportunities for training and more direct access to international agreements and discussions, the tropical region is gaining participation. Now a significantly increased number of countries is pushing for a future North and Central American geoid-based vertical datum as support of height system unification.eoidal height in Mexico, mapped from the model GGM10.

Naturalness in the Standard Model and beyond

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Papaioannou, Anastasios Yiannaki

After an introduction to the Standard Model of particle physics and the unresolved question of naturalness posed by its treatment of electroweak symmetry breaking, we consider several different theoretical approaches that attempt to answer this question. First, we present work in which we consider the possibility that the Higgs boson, the long-sought hypothetical particle intimately associated with electroweak symmetry breaking, has a much larger mass than is usually assumed. Absent direct experimental evidence for a light Higgs boson (m ˜ O (100 GeV)), and precision electroweak data consistent with a light Higgs notwithstanding, we propose a heavier (m ˜ O (500 GeV)), thus more natural, Higgs boson. This heavy Higgs can be made consistent with the precision electroweak data if we also extend the Standard Model via the inclusion of new fermionic states near the weak energy scale. These new states, in addition to bringing the heavy Higgs boson in line with the precision data, also serve as a candidate for the elusive dark matter that pervades the universe. From there we go on to consider the problem of naturalness from the perspective of supersymmetry, one of the most popular candidates for physics beyond the Standard Model. In particular, the theory of the Next-to-Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model (NMSSM) has found favor in its ability to solve the problem of naturalness posed by the Standard Model, in its hints at unification of the strong, weak, and electromagnetic interactions at high energies, and in its ability to provide supersymmetric particles as dark matter candidates. The NMSSM, however, requires rather large superpartner masses in order to accommodate a Higgs boson heavier than current experimental bounds while still maintaining gauge unification at high energies. We explore the possibility of new supersymmetric states at intermediate energies between the weak scale and the unification scale, which preserve gauge unification and allow a heavier Higgs, with only moderately heavy superpartners. Finally, we explore the possibility that previous attempts to resolve the naturalness problem may be too limited in scope. Perhaps the anthropic principle can instead provide a new way to answer such questions. We consider the intriguing scenario in which our observed universe is but one region of a much larger multi-verse, and the "constants" of nature are not constant after all, but take on a range of values. The anthropic principle's unique answer to the problem of naturalness is that only those regions of the multiverse with unnatural or "fine-tuned" parameters can give rise to the physical processes and structures that are necessary for our very existence; those regions with more natural values are dead universes where life is impossible. In particular, we examine an implementation of a unified physical theory, the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model (MSSM), within this multi-verse framework, and its consequences for the naturalness of electroweak symmetry breaking.

Generation of Earth's First-Order Biodiversity Pattern

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Krug, Andrew Z.; Jablonski, David; Valentine, James W.; Roy, Kaustuv

2009-02-01

The first-order biodiversity pattern on Earth today and at least as far back as the Paleozoic is the latitudinal diversity gradient (LDG), a decrease in richness of species and higher taxa from the equator to the poles. LDGs are produced by geographic trends in origination, extinction, and dispersal over evolutionary timescales, so that analyses of static patterns will be insufficient to reveal underlying processes. The fossil record of marine bivalve genera, a model system for the analysis of biodiversity dynamics over large temporal and spatial scales, shows that an origination and range-expansion gradient plays a major role in generating the LDG. Peak origination rates and peak diversities fall within the tropics, with range expansion out of the tropics the predominant spatial dynamic thereafter. The origination-diversity link occurs even in a "contrarian" group whose diversity peaks at midlatitudes, an exception proving the rule that spatial variations in origination are key to latitudinal diversity patterns. Extinction rates are lower in polar latitudes (≥60°) than in temperate zones and thus cannot create the observed gradient alone. They may, however, help to explain why origination and immigration are evidently damped in higher latitudes. We suggest that species require more resources in higher latitudes, for the seasonality of primary productivity increases by more than an order of magnitude from equatorial to polar regions. Higher-latitude species are generalists that, unlike potential immigrants, are adapted to garner the large share of resources required for incumbency in those regions. When resources are opened up by extinctions, lineages spread chiefly poleward and chiefly through speciation.

Generation of Earth's first-order biodiversity pattern.

PubMed

Krug, Andrew Z; Jablonski, David; Valentine, James W; Roy, Kaustuv

2009-01-01

The first-order biodiversity pattern on Earth today and at least as far back as the Paleozoic is the latitudinal diversity gradient (LDG), a decrease in richness of species and higher taxa from the equator to the poles. LDGs are produced by geographic trends in origination, extinction, and dispersal over evolutionary timescales, so that analyses of static patterns will be insufficient to reveal underlying processes. The fossil record of marine bivalve genera, a model system for the analysis of biodiversity dynamics over large temporal and spatial scales, shows that an origination and range-expansion gradient plays a major role in generating the LDG. Peak origination rates and peak diversities fall within the tropics, with range expansion out of the tropics the predominant spatial dynamic thereafter. The origination-diversity link occurs even in a "contrarian" group whose diversity peaks at midlatitudes, an exception proving the rule that spatial variations in origination are key to latitudinal diversity patterns. Extinction rates are lower in polar latitudes (> or =60 degrees ) than in temperate zones and thus cannot create the observed gradient alone. They may, however, help to explain why origination and immigration are evidently damped in higher latitudes. We suggest that species require more resources in higher latitudes, for the seasonality of primary productivity increases by more than an order of magnitude from equatorial to polar regions. Higher-latitude species are generalists that, unlike potential immigrants, are adapted to garner the large share of resources required for incumbency in those regions. When resources are opened up by extinctions, lineages spread chiefly poleward and chiefly through speciation.

Strings: A possible alternative explanation for the Unification of Gravitation Field and Electromagnetic Field

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rivera, Susana

Throughout the last century, since the last decades of the XIX century, until present day, there had been many attempts to achieve the unification of the Forces of Nature. First unification was done by James Clerk Maxwell, with his Electromagnetic Theory. Then Max Plank developed his Quantum Theory. In 1905, Albert Einstein gave birth to the Special Relativity Theory, and in 1916 he came out with his General Relativity Theory. He noticed that there was an evident parallelism between the Gravitational Force, and the Electromagnetic Force. So, he tried to unify these forces of Nature. But Quantum Theory interposed on his way. On the 1940’s it had been developed the Quantum Electrodynamics (QED), and with it, the unified field theory had an arise interest. On the 60’s and 70’s there was developed the Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD). Along with these theories came the discovery of the strong interaction force and weak interaction force. And though there had been many attempts to unify all these forces of the nature, it could only be achieved the Unification of strong interaction, weak interaction and Electromagnetic Force. On the late 80”s and throughout the last two decades, theories such as “super-string theory”, “or the “M-theory”, among others, groups of Scientists, had been doing grand efforts and finally they came out with the unification of the forces of nature, being the only limitation the use of more than 11 dimensions. Using an ingenious mathematical tool known as the super symmetries, based on the Kaluza - Klein work, they achieve this goal. The strings of these theories are in the rank of 10-33 m. Which make them undetectable. There are many other string theories. The GEUFT theory is based on the existence of concentrated energy lines, which vibrates, expands and contracts, submitting and absorbing energy, matter and antimatter, and which yields a determined geometry, that gives as a result the formation of stars, galaxies, nebulae, clusters on the Macrocosmic level, and that allows the formation of fundamental particles on the Microcosmic level. The strings are described by a function named Symbiosis (σ), which depends on four energetic contributions: (1) Radiation Energy (2) Plasma Energy (3) Conducted Flux Energy and (4) Mass Energy. There is an intimate relation between them, and depending on the value they have at a certain moment and at a certain time, the string dynamics and its geometry are settled. That means that symbiosis describes the strings state in any point of the geometer - energy field. σ = F [Er(σ), Ep(σ), Ef(σ), Em(σ)] (1) This work is an attempt to achieve the unification of the forces of nature, based on the existence of a four dimension Universe.

Bifurcation of small limit cycles in cubic integrable systems using higher-order analysis

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tian, Yun; Yu, Pei

2018-05-01

In this paper, we present a method of higher-order analysis on bifurcation of small limit cycles around an elementary center of integrable systems under perturbations. This method is equivalent to higher-order Melinikov function approach used for studying bifurcation of limit cycles around a center but simpler. Attention is focused on planar cubic polynomial systems and particularly it is shown that the system studied by Żoła¸dek (1995) [24] can indeed have eleven limit cycles under perturbations at least up to 7th order. Moreover, the pattern of numbers of limit cycles produced near the center is discussed up to 39th-order perturbations, and no more than eleven limit cycles are found.

Optical pattern recognition algorithms on neural-logic equivalent models and demonstration of their prospects and possible implementations

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Krasilenko, Vladimir G.; Nikolsky, Alexander I.; Zaitsev, Alexandr V.; Voloshin, Victor M.

2001-03-01

Historic information regarding the appearance and creation of fundamentals of algebra-logical apparatus-`equivalental algebra' for description of neuro-nets paradigms and algorithms is considered which is unification of theory of neuron nets (NN), linear algebra and the most generalized neuro-biology extended for matrix case. A survey is given of `equivalental models' of neuron nets and associative memory is suggested new, modified matrix-tenzor neurological equivalental models (MTNLEMS) are offered with double adaptive-equivalental weighing (DAEW) for spatial-non- invariant recognition (SNIR) and space-invariant recognition (SIR) of 2D images (patterns). It is shown, that MTNLEMS DAEW are the most generalized, they can describe the processes in NN both within the frames of known paradigms and within new `equivalental' paradigm of non-interaction type, and the computing process in NN under using the offered MTNLEMs DAEW is reduced to two-step and multi-step algorithms and step-by-step matrix-tenzor procedures (for SNIR) and procedures of defining of space-dependent equivalental functions from two images (for SIR).

Measurement of the azimuthal dependence of cross-polarized lidar returns and its relation to optical depth.

PubMed

Roy, Nathalie; Roy, Gilles; Bissonnette, Luc R; Simard, Jean-Robert

2004-05-01

We measure with a gated intensified CCD camera the cross-polarized backscattered light from a linearly polarized laser beam penetrating a cloud made of spherical particles. In accordance with previously published results we observe a clear azimuthal pattern in the recorded images. We show that the pattern is symmetrical, that it originates from second-order scattering, and that higher-order scattering causes blurring that increases with optical depth. We also find that the contrast in the symmetrical features can be related to measurement of the optical depth. Moreover, when the blurring contributions are identified and subtracted, the resulting pattern provides a pure second-order scattering measurement that can be used for retrieval of droplet size.

[Specific manifestations of polyvariant life cycles in ground beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae) along latitudinal gradient].

PubMed

Matalin, A V

2014-01-01

The life cycles of Carabidae are highly diverse, and 25 variants of these cycles are realized In the European part of Russia, from semideserts to continental tundras. The diversity of the life cycle spectrum sharply decreases (by more than half) upon transition from nemoral to boreal forest communities, and its phenological unification takes place at high latitudes. The greatest proportion of species with polyvariant development (25%) is characteristic of temporal latitudes, which may be explained by relatively long growing season and considerable cenotic diversity. In both southern (semidesert and steppe) and northern regions (middle and northern boreal forests), this proportion does not exceed 5%. At low latitudes, the polyvariant pattern of development is often manifested in the form of facultative bivoltine life cycles or as facultative biennial life cycles in species with the initial "spring" breeding type.

Microstrip Antenna Generates Circularly Polarized Beam

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Huang, J.

1986-01-01

Circular microstrip antenna excited with higher order transverse magnetic (TM) modes generates circularly polarized, conical radiation patterns. Found both theoretically and experimentally that peak direction of radiation pattern is varied within wide angular range by combination of mode selection and loading substrate with materials of different dielectric constants.

Influences of the land use pattern on water quality in low-order streams of the Dongjiang River basin, China: A multi-scale analysis.

PubMed

Ding, Jiao; Jiang, Yuan; Liu, Qi; Hou, Zhaojiang; Liao, Jianyu; Fu, Lan; Peng, Qiuzhi

2016-05-01

Understanding the relationships between land use patterns and water quality in low-order streams is useful for effective landscape planning to protect downstream water quality. A clear understanding of these relationships remains elusive due to the heterogeneity of land use patterns and scale effects. To better assess land use influences, we developed empirical models relating land use patterns to the water quality of low-order streams at different geomorphic regions across multi-scales in the Dongjiang River basin using multivariate statistical analyses. The land use pattern was quantified in terms of the composition, configuration and hydrological distance of land use types at the reach buffer, riparian corridor and catchment scales. Water was sampled under summer base flow at 56 low-order catchments, which were classified into two homogenous geomorphic groups. The results indicated that the water quality of low-order streams was most strongly affected by the configuration metrics of land use. Poorer water quality was associated with higher patch densities of cropland, orchards and grassland in the mountain catchments, whereas it was associated with a higher value for the largest patch index of urban land use in the plain catchments. The overall water quality variation was explained better by catchment scale than by riparian- or reach-scale land use, whereas the spatial scale over which land use influenced water quality also varied across specific water parameters and the geomorphic basis. Our study suggests that watershed management should adopt better landscape planning and multi-scale measures to improve water quality. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Finding your innovation sweet spot.

PubMed

Goldenberg, Jacob; Horowitz, Roni; Levav, Amnon; Mazursky, David

2003-03-01

Most new product ideas are either uninspired or impractical. So how can developers hit the innovation sweet spot--far enough from existing products to attract real interest but close enough that they are feasible to make and market? They can apply five innovation patterns that manipulate existing components of a product and its immediate environment to come up with something both ingenious and viable, say the authors. The subtraction pattern works by removing product components, particularly those that seem desirable or indispensable. Think of the legless high chair that attaches to the kitchen table. The multiplication pattern makes one or more copies of an existing component, then alters those copies in some important way. For example, the Gillette double-bladed razor features a second blade that cuts whiskers at a slightly different angle. By dividing an existing product into its component parts--the division pattern--you can see something that was an integrated whole in an entirely different light. Think of the modern home stereo--it has modular speakers, tuners, and CD and tape players, which allow users to customize their sound systems. The task unification pattern involves assigning a new task to an existing product element or environmental attribute, thereby unifying two tasks in a single component. An example is the defrosting filament in an automobile windshield that also serves as a radio antenna. Finally, the attribute dependency pattern alters or creates the dependent relationships between a product and its environment. For example, by creating a dependent relationship between lens color and external lighting conditions, eyeglass developers came up with a lens that changes color when exposed to sunlight.

13 CFR 300.1 - Introduction and mission.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... Investments in infrastructure development, capacity building and business development in order to attract private capital investments and higher-skill, higher-wage jobs to Regions experiencing substantial and... installations, changing trade patterns and the depletion of natural resources. EDA Investments generally take...

Technical Note: Higher-order statistical moments and a procedure that detects potentially anomalous years as two alternative methods describing alterations in continuous environmental data

Treesearch

I. Arismendi; S. L. Johnson; J. B. Dunham

2015-01-01

Statistics of central tendency and dispersion may not capture relevant or desired characteristics of the distribution of continuous phenomena and, thus, they may not adequately describe temporal patterns of change. Here, we present two methodological approaches that can help to identify temporal changes in environmental regimes. First, we use higher-order statistical...

Drainage - Structure Correlation in tectonically active Regions: Case studies in the Bolivian and Colombian Andes

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zeilinger, Gerold; Parra, Mauricio; Kober, Florian

2017-04-01

It is widely accepted, that drainage patterns are often controlled by tectonics/climate and geology/rheology. Classical drainage patterns can be found 1) in fault-and-thrust belt, where rives follow the valleys parallel or cut perpendicular to strike trough the ridges, forming a trellis pattern, 2) at dome structures where the drainage form a radial pattern or 3) rectangular patterns in strongly fractured regions. In this study, we focus on fault-and-thrust belts, that undergone different phases of tectonic activity. According to classical models, the deformation is propagating into the foreland, hence being youngest at the frontal part and getting successively older towards the axis of the orogen. Drainage patterns in the more interior parts of the orogenic wedge should be then less influenced by the direction of structures, as landscape evolution is changing to a tectonic passive stage. This relationship might represent the transience and maturity of drainage pattern evolution. Here we study drainage patterns of the Bolivian and the eastern Colombian Andes by comparing the relative orientation of the drainage network with the orogen structural grain. The drainage is extracted from Digital Elevation Models (SRTM 30 m) and indexed by their Strahler Order. Order 1 channels have an upstream area of 1 km2. The direction of all segments is analyzed by linear directional mean function that results in the mean orientation of input channels with approx. 500 m average length. The orientation of structures for different structural domains is calculated using the same function on digitized faults and fold-axis. Rose diagrams show the length-weighted directional distribution of structures, of higher (>= 4) and of lower order (<= 3) channels. The structural trend in the Bolivian Andes is controlled by the orocline, where a predominant NW-SE trend turns into an N-S trend at 18°S and where the eastern orogen comprise from west to east, the Eastern Cordillera (EC), the Interandean Zone and the Subandean Zone (SA), exhibiting a catchment relief of up to 5000 m. While the structural trend in the EC is predominately NW-SE with a uniform (no preferred orientation) distribution of lower order fluvial channels, it changes in the SA into a distinct N-S trend with a pronounced E-W orientation of lower order fluvial channels. A similar pattern is recognized in the Eastern Andes of Colombia, where the structural trend is NE-SW. The Eastern Cordillera comprise a frontal thin-skinned Neogene and Paleogene domain (FR) and the more interior lower Cretaceous an Upper Paleozoic thick-skinned region (IR). The trend of higher order channels is, as expected, parallel to the structures in the interior parts and perpendicular in the frontal part. However, the trend of lower order channels reveal no directional correlation to the structural trend in the interior, but a significant correlation to the structures in the frontal range that suffered relatively to the interior domains younger deformation phases. We therefore postulate a dependency of the directional evolution of drainage patterns on the relative timing of tectonic activity. The only weakly preferred orientation of drainages in the interior parts (EC and IR) suggests a balance between structural control and drainage occupation, and higher maturity of the landscape. In contrast, the distinct pattern of drainages oblique to the structural grain in the frontal ranges (SA and FR) highlights the alignment of tributaries and suggests an ongoing tectonic control on drainage orientation. We test the hypothesis whether the correlation between the direction of small order rivers and the direction of structures can be used as a proxy for relative tectonic activity, which might be relevant in questions on 1) dominance of tectonics over climate, 2) dynamics of deformation propagation in fault-and-thrust-belts and 3) occurrence of higher erosion rates despite "limited" relief or threshold slopes. Ongoing efforts will investigate the possibility to quantify or compare relative tectonic activity across sites.

A proposal for unification of fatigue crack growth law

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kobelev, V.

2017-05-01

In the present paper, the new fractional-differential dependences of cycles to failure for a given initial crack length upon the stress amplitude in the linear fracture approach are proposed. The anticipated unified propagation function describes the infinitesimal crack length growths per increasing number of load cycles, supposing that the load ratio remains constant over the load history. Two unification fractional-differential functions with different number of fitting parameters are proposed. An alternative, threshold formulations for the fractional-differential propagation functions are suggested. The mean stress dependence is the immediate consequence from the considered laws. The corresponding formulas for crack length over the number of cycles are derived in closed form.

Unification of the family of Garrison-Wright's phases.

PubMed

Cui, Xiao-Dong; Zheng, Yujun

2014-07-24

Inspired by Garrison and Wight's seminal work on complex-valued geometric phases, we generalize the concept of Pancharatnam's "in-phase" in interferometry and further develop a theoretical framework for unification of the abelian geometric phases for a biorthogonal quantum system modeled by a parameterized or time-dependent nonhermitian hamiltonian with a finite and nondegenerate instantaneous spectrum, that is, the family of Garrison-Wright's phases, which will no longer be confined in the adiabatic and nonadiabatic cyclic cases. Besides, we employ a typical example, Bethe-Lamb model, to illustrate how to apply our theory to obtain an explicit result for the Garrison-Wright's noncyclic geometric phase, and also to present its potential applications in quantum computation and information.

Self-organised silicide nanodot patterning by medium-energy ion beam sputtering of Si(100): local correlation between the morphology and metal content.

PubMed

Redondo-Cubero, A; Galiana, B; Lorenz, K; Palomares, F J; Bahena, D; Ballesteros, C; Hernandez-Calderón, I; Vázquez, L

2016-11-04

We have produced self-organised silicide nanodot patterns by medium-energy ion beam sputtering (IBS) of silicon targets with a simultaneous and isotropic molybdenum supply. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) studies show that these patterns are qualitatively similar to those produced thus far at low ion energies. We have determined the relevance of the ion species on the pattern ordering and properties. For the higher ordered patterns produced by Xe(+) ions, the pattern wavelength depends linearly on the ion energy. The dot nanostructures are silicide-rich as assessed by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and emerge in height due to their lower sputtering yield, as observed by electron microscopy. Remarkably, a long wavelength corrugation is observed on the surface which is correlated with both the Mo content and the dot pattern properties. Thus, as assessed by electron microscopy, the protrusions are Mo-rich with higher and more spaced dots on their surface whereas the valleys are Mo-poor with smaller dots that are closer to each other. These findings indicate that there is a correlation between the local metal content of the surface and the nanodot pattern properties both at the nanodot and the large corrugation scales. These results contribute to advancing the understanding of this interesting nanofabrication method and aid in developing a comprehensive theory of nanodot pattern formation and evolution.

A soil catena on schist in northwestern California

USGS Publications Warehouse

Marron, D.C.; Popenoe, J.H.

1986-01-01

Soil characteristics in a small steepland watershed underlain by schist in a rainy, tectonically active area in northwestern California show close associations with drainage-basin position and slope characteristics. Five soil-topography units based on these associations are defined in the study watershed. Spatial relationships of soil series, and patterns of soil development as indicated by B-horizon clay content and redness, reflect interactions between pedogenesis and erosion. General soil-topography patterns include: (1) decreases in soil-development moving from low-order to higher-order stream vallyes; and (2) more developed soils on north-facing as opposed to south-facing slopes. Decreases in soil-profile development moving from slopes near low-order streams to slopes near higher-order streams approximately correlate with increases in gradient, vertical relief, and drainage density, and reflect a more vigorous stripping of regolith by erosion on the slopes near the higher-order streams. The larger percentage of area covered by the more developed soils on north-facing as opposed to south-facing slopes appears to reflect a contrast in the way dominant erosional processes interact with pedogenic processes. Roadcuts on middle and upper slopes show soil discontinuities indicative of disturbance by block slides or slumps or both. Roadcuts on lower slopes show disrupted soils in small bedrock hollows that could have been created by rapid, shallow landslides or by the pulled-up root wads of toppled trees. Soil-profile characteristics and soil-topography patterns in the study area demonstrate that both erosional and pedogenic processes need to be considered when interpreting characteristics of hillslope soils. ?? 1986.

[Integrated Management Area of Vascular Risk: A new organisational model for global control of risk factors].

PubMed

Armario, P; Jericó, C; Vila, L; Freixa, R; Martin-Castillejos, C; Rotllan, M

Cardiovascular disease (CVD), is a major cause of morbidity and mortality that increases the cost of care. Currently there is a low degree of control of the main cardiovascular risk factors, although we have a good therapeutic arsenal. To achieve the improvement of this reality, a good coordination and multidisciplinary participation are essential. The development of new organizational models such as the Integrated Management Area of Vascular Risk can facilitate the therapeutic harmonization and unification of the health messages offered by different levels of care, based on clinical practice guidelines, in order to provide patient-centred integrated care. Copyright © 2016 SEH-LELHA. Publicado por Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.

Stop Misusing Higher Education-Specific Price Indices

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gillen, Andrew; Robe, Jonathan

2011-01-01

In order to compare the price of things over time, it is necessary to use a price index to adjust for inflation. The Higher Education Price Index (HEPI) and the Higher Education Cost Adjustment (HECA) were designed to more accurately account for the spending patterns of colleges and universities. However, there are some methodological problems…

Higher theta and alpha1 coherence when listening to Vedic recitation compared to coherence during Transcendental Meditation practice.

PubMed

Travis, Frederick; Parim, Niyazi; Shrivastava, Amrita

2017-03-01

This study compared subjective experiences and EEG patterns in 37 subjects when listening to live Vedic recitation and when practicing Transcendental Meditation (TM). Content analysis of experiences when listening to Vedic recitation yielded three higher-order code. Experiences during Vedic recitation were: (1) deeper than during TM practice; (2) experienced as an inner process; and (3) characterized by lively silence. EEG patterns support these higher-order codes. Theta2 and alpha1 frontal, parietal, and frontal-parietal coherence were significantly higher when listening to Vedic recitation, than during TM practice. Theta2 coherence is seen when attending to internal mental processes. Higher theta2 coherence supports subjects' descriptions that the Vedic recitations were "not external sounds but internal vibrations." Alpha1 coherence is reported during pure consciousness experiences during TM practice. Higher alpha1 coherence supports subjects' descriptions that they "experienced a depth of experience, rarely experienced even during deep TM practice." These data support the utility of listening to Vedic recitation to culture deep inner experiences. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Effects of grand unification interactions on weak symmetry breaking in supergravity theories

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Moxhay, Peter; Yamamoto, Katsuji

Possible effects of grand unification interactions on SU(2) × U(1) breaking are investigated by explicitly considering a supersymmetric SU(5) model coupled to N = 1 supergravity. Some remarkable features concerning the effects of renormalization on the effective soft supersymmetry breaking terms of SU(5) in the GUT region MP - MG are clarified, which are relevant for determining the SU(3) × SU(2) × U(1) theory below MG. In particular, the (mass) 2 of the Higgs doublets, g Hm g2and g overlineHm g2, might become significantly small at M G (g H ⋍ g overlineH ≈ 0.1) through the effect of SU(5) couplings such as overlineHø EH . Then, gH can rather easily become negative below MG, so as to realize SU(2) × U(1) breaking naturally even for the "diet" top quark case ( mt ≈ 40 GeV). On the other hand, if g H ⋍ g overlineH ⋍ 1 at M G by neglecting the grand unification interactions, some careful tuning of μ32/ mg2 is required with an accuracy ⪅10 -2 to achieve SU(2) × U(1) breaking with "diet" top quark, though a mass term μ 32( overlineHH) may be present.

Development of Airborne Astronavigation for UK V-bombers and the Origin of Continuum Theory (CT): Some Personal Notes and Indications for its Future

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Osmaston, Miles F.

I trace the historical and scientific origin of Continuum Theory, from its observationally enforced beginning in 1959, in never-to-be-repeated military circumstances, and follow this by a discussion of some of its more recent developments. The presence of this and of several other CT-related contributions to this symposium volume on Unified Field Mechanics can be justified by a view that CT, as currently developing, could, in a very real sense, be given an alternative name `Unified Aether Mechanics'. The substitution of `field' by `aether' reflects Newton's 1692 thesis that `fields' cannot exist per se, a view that persisted for over 200 years; they must have an agent or medium within which they exist and are communicated between objects. Hence the term `aether mechanics' would be appropriate. A principal aim in `unification', moreover, has always been the unification of gravitation into the family of forces. Einstein's response was the meanderings of space-time. CT achieves its unification into the electromagnetic family by its implementation of the Maxwell's equations aether, with insightful results, apparently regardless of scale. Particletied in nature, the existence of such an aether is was effectively demonstrated experimentally by the Michelson-Morley finding of 1887.

[Laboratory unification: advantages and disadvantages for clinical microbiology].

PubMed

Andreu, Antonia; Matas, Lurdes

2010-10-01

This article aims to reflect on which areas or tasks of microbiology laboratories could be unified with those of clinical biochemistry, hematology, immunology or pathology laboratories to benefit patients and the health system, as well as the areas that should remain independent since their amalgamation would not only fail to provide a benefit but could even jeopardize the quality of microbiological diagnosis, and consequently patient care. To do this, the distinct analytic phases of diagnosis are analyzed, and the advantages and disadvantages of amalgamation are evaluated in each phase. The pros and cons of the unification of certain areas such as the computer system, occupational risk units, customer service, purchasing logistics, and materials storage, etc, are also discussed. Lastly, the effect of unification on urgent microbiology diagnosis is analyzed. Microbiological diagnosis should be unique. The microbiologist should perform an overall evaluation of the distinct techniques used for a particular patient, both those that involve direct diagnosis (staining, culture, antigen detection techniques or molecular techniques) and indirect diagnosis (antibody detection). Moreover, the microbiology laboratory should be independent, with highly trained technicians and specialists in microbiology that provide added value as experts in infection and as key figures in the process of establishing a correct etiological diagnosis. Copyright © 2010 Elsevier España S.L. All rights reserved.

Patterns of coordinated cortical remodeling during adolescence and their associations with functional specialization and evolutionary expansion.

PubMed

Sotiras, Aristeidis; Toledo, Jon B; Gur, Raquel E; Gur, Ruben C; Satterthwaite, Theodore D; Davatzikos, Christos

2017-03-28

During adolescence, the human cortex undergoes substantial remodeling to support a rapid expansion of behavioral repertoire. Accurately quantifying these changes is a prerequisite for understanding normal brain development, as well as the neuropsychiatric disorders that emerge in this vulnerable period. Past accounts have demonstrated substantial regional heterogeneity in patterns of brain development, but frequently have been limited by small samples and analytics that do not evaluate complex multivariate imaging patterns. Capitalizing on recent advances in multivariate analysis methods, we used nonnegative matrix factorization (NMF) to uncover coordinated patterns of cortical development in a sample of 934 youths ages 8-20, who completed structural neuroimaging as part of the Philadelphia Neurodevelopmental Cohort. Patterns of structural covariance (PSCs) derived by NMF were highly reproducible over a range of resolutions, and differed markedly from common gyral-based structural atlases. Moreover, PSCs were largely symmetric and showed correspondence to specific large-scale functional networks. The level of correspondence was ordered according to their functional role and position in the evolutionary hierarchy, being high in lower-order visual and somatomotor networks and diminishing in higher-order association cortex. Furthermore, PSCs showed divergent developmental associations, with PSCs in higher-order association cortex networks showing greater changes with age than primary somatomotor and visual networks. Critically, such developmental changes within PSCs were significantly associated with the degree of evolutionary cortical expansion. Together, our findings delineate a set of structural brain networks that undergo coordinated cortical thinning during adolescence, which is in part governed by evolutionary novelty and functional specialization.

The B-field soft theorem and its unification with the graviton and dilaton

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Di Vecchia, Paolo; Marotta, Raffaele; Mojaza, Matin

2017-10-01

In theories of Einstein gravity coupled with a dilaton and a two-form, a soft theorem for the two-form, known as the Kalb-Ramond B-field, has so far been missing. In this work we fill the gap, and in turn formulate a unified soft theorem valid for gravitons, dilatons and B-fields in any tree-level scattering amplitude involving the three massless states. The new soft theorem is fixed by means of on-shell gauge invariance and enters at the subleading order of the graviton's soft theorem. In contrast to the subsubleading soft behavior of gravitons and dilatons, we show that the soft behavior of B-fields at this order cannot be fully fixed by gauge invariance. Nevertheless, we show that it is possible to establish a gauge invariant decomposition of the amplitudes to any order in the soft expansion. We check explicitly the new soft theorem in the bosonic string and in Type II superstring theories, and furthermore demonstrate that, at the next order in the soft expansion, totally gauge invariant terms appear in both string theories which cannot be factorized into a soft theorem.

Predicting synchrony in heterogeneous pulse coupled oscillators

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Talathi, Sachin S.; Hwang, Dong-Uk; Miliotis, Abraham; Carney, Paul R.; Ditto, William L.

2009-08-01

Pulse coupled oscillators (PCOs) represent an ubiquitous model for a number of physical and biological systems. Phase response curves (PRCs) provide a general mathematical framework to analyze patterns of synchrony generated within these models. A general theoretical approach to account for the nonlinear contributions from higher-order PRCs in the generation of synchronous patterns by the PCOs is still lacking. Here, by considering a prototypical example of a PCO network, i.e., two synaptically coupled neurons, we present a general theory that extends beyond the weak-coupling approximation, to account for higher-order PRC corrections in the derivation of an approximate discrete map, the stable fixed point of which can predict the domain of 1:1 phase locked synchronous states generated by the PCO network.

Novel object exploration in the C58/J mouse model of autistic-like behavior.

PubMed

Blick, Mikkal G; Puchalski, Breann H; Bolanos, Veronica J; Wolfe, Kaitlin M; Green, Matthew C; Ryan, Bryce C

2015-04-01

Mouse models of autistic like behaviors are a valuable tool to use when studying the causes, symptoms, and potential treatments for autism. The inbred C58/J strain is a strain of interest for this model and has previously been shown to possess face validity for some of the core traits of autism, including low social behavior and elevated motor stereotypies. Higher order repetitive behaviors have not been extensively studied in this strain, or in mice in general. In this study, we looked for evidence of higher-order repetitive behaviors in the C58/J strain using a novel object assay. This assay utilized a mouse's natural exploratory behavior among unfamiliar objects to identify potential sequencing patterns in motor activity. The motor stereotypies displayed by the C58/J strain during testing were consistent with past studies. The C58/J strain also displayed a high preference for a single object in the round arena assays and the females demonstrating elevated sequencing patterns in the round arena. Although the C58/J strain did not show pervasive evidence of higher-order repetitive behaviors across all measures, there was evidence of higher order repetitive behaviors in certain situations. This study further demonstrates the potential of the C58/J mouse strains as a model for lower-order and potentially, higher-order repetitive behaviors. This study also demonstrates that the shape of the novel object arena can change the behavior displayed by the test animals. Further studies utilizing the C58/J strain and further validation of the novel object assay are warranted. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Higher-order ionospheric error at Arecibo, Millstone, and Jicamarca

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Matteo, N. A.; Morton, Y. T.

2010-12-01

The ionosphere is a dominant source of Global Positioning System receiver range measurement error. Although dual-frequency receivers can eliminate the first-order ionospheric error, most second- and third-order errors remain in the range measurements. Higher-order ionospheric error is a function of both electron density distribution and the magnetic field vector along the GPS signal propagation path. This paper expands previous efforts by combining incoherent scatter radar (ISR) electron density measurements, the International Reference Ionosphere model, exponential decay extensions of electron densities, the International Geomagnetic Reference Field, and total electron content maps to compute higher-order error at ISRs in Arecibo, Puerto Rico; Jicamarca, Peru; and Millstone Hill, Massachusetts. Diurnal patterns, dependency on signal direction, seasonal variation, and geomagnetic activity dependency are analyzed. Higher-order error is largest at Arecibo with code phase maxima circa 7 cm for low-elevation southern signals. The maximum variation of the error over all angles of arrival is circa 8 cm.

Building unified geospatial data for land-change modeling—A case study in the area of Richmond, Virginia

USGS Publications Warehouse

Donato, David I.; Shapiro, Jason L.

2016-12-13

An effort to build a unified collection of geospatial data for use in land-change modeling (LCM) led to new insights into the requirements and challenges of building an LCM data infrastructure. A case study of data compilation and unification for the Richmond, Va., Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA) delineated the problems of combining and unifying heterogeneous data from many independent localities such as counties and cities. The study also produced conclusions and recommendations for use by the national LCM community, emphasizing the critical need for simple, practical data standards and conventions for use by localities. This report contributes an uncopyrighted core glossary and a much needed operational definition of data unification.

Physiological responses to single versus double stepping pattern of ascending the stairs.

PubMed

Aziz, Abdul Rashid; Teh, Kong Chuan

2005-07-01

The aim of this study was to compare the physiological responses and energy cost between two ascending patterns, the single-step (SS) and the double-step (DS), in climbing a public staircase. In the SS pattern, a person climbs one step at a time whilst in the double-step (DS) pattern, the individual traverses two steps in a single stride. Advocates of each stepping pattern claimed that their type of ascent is physically more taxing and expends more calories. Thirty subjects (10 males and 20 females) climbed a typical 11-storey flat (each step height of 0.15 m, a total of 180 steps and a vertical displacement of 27.0 m). The subjects climbed using either the SS pattern at a tempo of 100 steps x min(-1) or the DS pattern at 50 steps x min(-1). The prescribed stepping frequencies ensured that an equal amount of total work was performed between the SS and DS patterns. The climbing patterns were performed in random order. Physiological measures during the last 30 s of the climbs were used in the comparative analysis. The results showed that ventilation, oxygen uptake and heart rate values were significantly higher (all p < 0.01) in the SS as compared to the DS pattern. However, the caloric expenditure during the SS pattern was calculated to be only marginally higher than the DS pattern. In conclusion, ascending with the SS pattern led to significantly higher physiological responses compared to the DS pattern. The higher calorie expended with the SS compared to the DS pattern was deemed to be of little practical significance.

Report on the status of vision care in Israel.

PubMed

Levinson, A; Scheiman, M

1981-07-01

Recognition of optometry in Israel has not been achieved due to various factors: the lack of recognition by the Ministry of Health in proposing a law of optometry to the Knesset (Parliament); the opposition of organized ophthalmology; the internal conflict between the various associations of opticians and optometrists within the country which lead to a lack of unification for propagation of a law of optometry; the absence of an academic institution of learning in optometry. The establishment of the Optometric Centre by the American Friends of Israel Optometry has instituted low vision clinics and post-graduate courses which have helped to advance optometry. Optometry must become organized in order to apply pressure on the Ministry of Health in order to recognize optometry as an independent profession. There is a need for the establishment of operating courses to equalize the standard of eye-care in the profession, and for the founding of an academic school of optometry to maintain a constant supply of qualified optometrists.

Comparison of sound reproduction using higher order loudspeakers and equivalent line arrays in free-field conditions.

PubMed

Poletti, Mark A; Betlehem, Terence; Abhayapala, Thushara D

2014-07-01

Higher order sound sources of Nth order can radiate sound with 2N + 1 orthogonal radiation patterns, which can be represented as phase modes or, equivalently, amplitude modes. This paper shows that each phase mode response produces a spiral wave front with a different spiral rate, and therefore a different direction of arrival of sound. Hence, for a given receiver position a higher order source is equivalent to a linear array of 2N + 1 monopole sources. This interpretation suggests performance similar to a circular array of higher order sources can be produced by an array of sources, each of which consists of a line array having monopoles at the apparent source locations of the corresponding phase modes. Simulations of higher order arrays and arrays of equivalent line sources are presented. It is shown that the interior fields produced by the two arrays are essentially the same, but that the exterior fields differ because the higher order sources produces different equivalent source locations for field positions outside the array. This work provides an explanation of the fact that an array of L Nth order sources can reproduce sound fields whose accuracy approaches the performance of (2N + 1)L monopoles.

Three-point functions in duality-invariant higher-derivative gravity

DOE PAGES

Naseer, Usman; Zwiebach, Barton

2016-03-21

Here, doubled α'-geometry is the simplest higher-derivative gravitational theory with exact global duality symmetry. We use the double metric formulation of this theory to compute on-shell three-point functions to all orders in α'. A simple pattern emerges when comparing with the analogous bosonic and heterotic three-point functions. As in these theories, the amplitudes factorize. The theory has no Gauss-Bonnet term, but contains a Riemann-cubed interaction to second order in α'.

Surveying the SO(10) model landscape: The left-right symmetric case

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Deppisch, Frank F.; Gonzalo, Tomás E.; Graf, Lukas

2017-09-01

Grand unified theories (GUTs) are a very well motivated extensions of the Standard Model (SM), but the landscape of models and possibilities is overwhelming, and different patterns can lead to rather distinct phenomenologies. In this work we present a way to automatize the model building process, by considering a top to bottom approach that constructs viable and sensible theories from a small and controllable set of inputs at the high scale. By providing a GUT scale symmetry group and the field content, possible symmetry breaking paths are generated and checked for consistency, ensuring anomaly cancellation, SM embedding and gauge coupling unification. We emphasize the usefulness of this approach for the particular case of a nonsupersymmetric SO(10) model with an intermediate left-right symmetry, and we analyze how low-energy observables such as proton decay and lepton flavor violation might affect the generated model landscape.

Unification and new particles at the LHC

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Arkani-Hamed, Nima; D’Agnolo, Raffaele Tito; Low, Matthew

Precision gauge coupling uni cation is one of the primary quantitative successes of low energy or split supersymmetry. Preserving this success puts severe restrictions on possible matter and gauge sectors that might appear at collider-accessible energies. In this study we enumerate new gauge sectors which are compatible with uni cation, consisting of horizontal gauge groups acting on vector-like matter charged under the Standard Model. Interestingly, almost all of these theories are in the supersymmetric conformal window at high energies and con ne quickly after the superpartners are decoupled. For a range of scalar masses compatible with both moderately tuned andmore » minimally split supersymmetry, the con ning dynamics happen at the multi-TeV scale, leading to a spectrum of multiple spin-0 and spin-1 resonances accessible to the LHC, with unusual quantum numbers and striking decay patterns.« less

On the nature of explanation: A PDP approach

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Churchland, Paul M.

1990-06-01

Neural network models of sensory processing and associative memory provide the resources for a new theory of what explanatory understanding consists in. That theory finds the theoretically important factors to reside not at the level of propositions and the relations between them, but at the level of the activation patterns across large populations of neurons. The theory portrays explanatory understanding, perceptual recognition, and abductive inference as being different instances of the same more general sort of cognitive achievement, viz. prototype activation. It thus effects a unification of the theories of explanation, perception, and ampliative inference. It also finds systematic unity in the wide diversity of types of explanation (causal, functional, mathematical, intentional, reductive, etc.), a chronic problem for theories of explanation in the logico-linguistic tradition. Finally, it is free of the many defects, both logical and psychological, that plague models in that older tradition.

Unification and new particles at the LHC

DOE PAGES

Arkani-Hamed, Nima; D’Agnolo, Raffaele Tito; Low, Matthew; ...

2016-11-14

Precision gauge coupling uni cation is one of the primary quantitative successes of low energy or split supersymmetry. Preserving this success puts severe restrictions on possible matter and gauge sectors that might appear at collider-accessible energies. In this study we enumerate new gauge sectors which are compatible with uni cation, consisting of horizontal gauge groups acting on vector-like matter charged under the Standard Model. Interestingly, almost all of these theories are in the supersymmetric conformal window at high energies and con ne quickly after the superpartners are decoupled. For a range of scalar masses compatible with both moderately tuned andmore » minimally split supersymmetry, the con ning dynamics happen at the multi-TeV scale, leading to a spectrum of multiple spin-0 and spin-1 resonances accessible to the LHC, with unusual quantum numbers and striking decay patterns.« less

Outline for a theory of intelligence

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Albus, James S.

1991-01-01

Intelligence is defined as that which produces successful behavior. Intelligence is assumed to result from natural selection. A model is proposed that integrates knowledge from research in both natural and artificial systems. The model consists of a hierarchical system architecture wherein: (1) control bandwidth decreases about an order of magnitude at each higher level, (2) perceptual resolution of spatial and temporal patterns contracts about an order-of-magnitude at each higher level, (3) goals expand in scope and planning horizons expand in space and time about an order-of-magnitude at each higher level, and (4) models of the world and memories of events expand their range in space and time by about an order-of-magnitude at each higher level. At each level, functional modules perform behavior generation (task decomposition planning and execution), world modeling, sensory processing, and value judgment. Sensory feedback control loops are closed at every level.

Patterns of Strategies in Swiss Higher Education Institutions

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Fumasoli, Tatiana; Lepori, Benedetto

2011-01-01

This paper contributes to the debate on strategic capability of academic organizations by presenting three case studies of Swiss Higher Education Institutions. Strategies are conceived as instruments by which universities manage their organizational processes and deal with their environments in order to select a portfolio of activities and find an…

Grand Unification as a Bridge Between String Theory and Phenomenology

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Pati, Jogesh C.

2006-06-09

In the first part of the talk, I explain what empirical evidence points to the need for having an effective grand unification-like symmetry possessing the symmetry SU(4)-color in 4D. If one assumes the premises of a future predictive theory including gravity--be it string/M theory or a reincarnation--this evidence then suggests that such a theory should lead to an effective grand unification-like symmetry as above in 4D, near the string-GUT-scale, rather than the standard model symmetry. Advantages of an effective supersymmetric G(224) = SU(2){sub L} x SU(2){sub R} x SU(4){sup c} or SO(10) symmetry in 4D in explaining (1) observed neutrinomore » oscillations, (2) baryogenesis via leptogenesis, and (3) certain fermion mass-relations are noted. And certain distinguishing tests of a SUSY G(224) or SO(10)-framework involving CP and flavor violations (as in {mu} {yields} e{gamma}, {tau} {yields} {mu}{gamma}, edm's of the neutron and the electron) as well as proton decay are briefly mentioned. Recalling some of the successes we have had in our understanding of nature so far, and the current difficulties of string/M theory as regards the large multiplicity of string vacua, some comments are made on the traditional goal of understanding vis a vis the recently evolved view of landscape and anthropism.« less

Unification of quantum information theory

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Abeyesinghe, Anura

We present the unification of many previously disparate results in noisy quantum Shannon theory and the unification of all of noiseless quantum Shannon theory. More specifically we deal here with bipartite, unidirectional, and memoryless quantum Shannon theory. We find all the optimal protocols and quantify the relationship between the resources used, both for the one-shot and for the ensemble case, for what is arguably the most fundamental task in quantum information theory: sharing entangled states between a sender and a receiver. We find that all of these protocols are derived from our one-shot superdense coding protocol and relate nicely to each other. We then move on to noisy quantum information theory and give a simple, direct proof of the "mother" protocol, or rather her generalization to the Fully Quantum Slepian-Wolf protocol (FQSW). FQSW simultaneously accomplishes two goals: quantum communication-assisted entanglement distillation, and state transfer from the sender to the receiver. As a result, in addition to her other "children," the mother protocol generates the state merging primitive of Horodecki, Oppenheim, and Winter as well as a new class of distributed compression protocols for correlated quantum sources, which are optimal for sources described by separable density operators. Moreover, the mother protocol described here is easily transformed into the so-called "father" protocol, demonstrating that the division of single-sender/single-receiver protocols into two families was unnecessary: all protocols in the family are children of the mother.

Common origin of 3.55 keV x-ray line and gauge coupling unification with left-right dark matter

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Borah, Debasish; Dasgupta, Arnab; Patra, Sudhanwa

2017-12-01

We present a minimal left-right dark matter framework that can simultaneously explain the recently observed 3.55 keV x-ray line from several galaxy clusters and gauge coupling unification at high energy scale. Adopting a minimal dark matter strategy, we consider both left and right handed triplet fermionic dark matter candidates which are stable by virtue of a remnant Z2≃(-1 )B -L symmetry arising after the spontaneous symmetry breaking of left-right gauge symmetry to that of the standard model. A scalar bitriplet field is incorporated whose first role is to allow radiative decay of right handed triplet dark matter into the left handed one and a photon with energy 3.55 keV. The other role this bitriplet field at TeV scale plays is to assist in achieving gauge coupling unification at a high energy scale within a nonsupersymmetric S O (10 ) model while keeping the scale of left-right gauge symmetry around the TeV corner. Apart from solving the neutrino mass problem and giving verifiable new contributions to neutrinoless double beta decay and charged lepton flavor violation, the model with TeV scale gauge bosons can also give rise to interesting collider signatures like diboson excess, dilepton plus two jets excess reported recently in the large hadron collider data.

Classification and unification of the microscopic deterministic traffic models.

PubMed

Yang, Bo; Monterola, Christopher

2015-10-01

We identify a universal mathematical structure in microscopic deterministic traffic models (with identical drivers), and thus we show that all such existing models in the literature, including both the two-phase and three-phase models, can be understood as special cases of a master model by expansion around a set of well-defined ground states. This allows any two traffic models to be properly compared and identified. The three-phase models are characterized by the vanishing of leading orders of expansion within a certain density range, and as an example the popular intelligent driver model is shown to be equivalent to a generalized optimal velocity (OV) model. We also explore the diverse solutions of the generalized OV model that can be important both for understanding human driving behaviors and algorithms for autonomous driverless vehicles.

Identification of dynamic systems, theory and formulation

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Maine, R. E.; Iliff, K. W.

1985-01-01

The problem of estimating parameters of dynamic systems is addressed in order to present the theoretical basis of system identification and parameter estimation in a manner that is complete and rigorous, yet understandable with minimal prerequisites. Maximum likelihood and related estimators are highlighted. The approach used requires familiarity with calculus, linear algebra, and probability, but does not require knowledge of stochastic processes or functional analysis. The treatment emphasizes unification of the various areas in estimation in dynamic systems is treated as a direct outgrowth of the static system theory. Topics covered include basic concepts and definitions; numerical optimization methods; probability; statistical estimators; estimation in static systems; stochastic processes; state estimation in dynamic systems; output error, filter error, and equation error methods of parameter estimation in dynamic systems, and the accuracy of the estimates.

The Rise and Fall of Traditional Forest Management in Southern Moravia: A History of the Past 700 Years

PubMed Central

Müllerová, Jana; Szabó, Péter; Hédl, Radim

2017-01-01

European broadleaved forests have been influenced by humans for centuries. Historical management practices are related to environmental conditions but the role of socio-economic factors is also important. For the successful restoration of traditional management for conservation purposes, detailed knowledge on management history and on the driving forces of historical forest changes is necessary. In order to reconstruct long-term spatio-temporal dynamics in forest management, we chose the Pálava Protected Landscape Area, Czech Republic and analyzed archival sources spanning the past seven centuries. Forests in the study area comprise two relatively large woods (Děvín and Milovice) with different environmental conditions. Historical forest management in both woods was coppicing. The coppice cycle was lengthened from 7 years (14th century) to more than 30 years (19th century) with a fluctuating density of standards. After WWII, coppicing was completely abandoned. This led to pronounced changes in forest age structure accompanied by stand unification indicated by a sharp decrease in the Shannon index of age diversity. To study local attributes responsible for spatial patterns in coppice abandonment, we constructed a regression model with the date of abandonment as a dependent variable and three groups of explanatory variables: i) remoteness of forest parcels, (ii) morphometric environmental factors and iii) site productivity. In Děvín Wood, coppicing was abandoned gradually with the pattern of abandonment related significantly to slope steepness and forest productivity. Poorly accessible upper slopes and low productive forest sites were abandoned earlier. By contrast, in Milovice Wood, where no clear topographic gradient is present, the abandonment of coppicing was not related to any of the variables we studied. Our study brings insights into the history and consequences of past management practices, and can be used in current attempts to re-establish coppice management for conservation purposes and as a source of sustainable energy. PMID:28529404

Pattern-Based Inverse Modeling for Characterization of Subsurface Flow Models with Complex Geologic Heterogeneity

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Golmohammadi, A.; Jafarpour, B.; M Khaninezhad, M. R.

2017-12-01

Calibration of heterogeneous subsurface flow models leads to ill-posed nonlinear inverse problems, where too many unknown parameters are estimated from limited response measurements. When the underlying parameters form complex (non-Gaussian) structured spatial connectivity patterns, classical variogram-based geostatistical techniques cannot describe the underlying connectivity patterns. Modern pattern-based geostatistical methods that incorporate higher-order spatial statistics are more suitable for describing such complex spatial patterns. Moreover, when the underlying unknown parameters are discrete (geologic facies distribution), conventional model calibration techniques that are designed for continuous parameters cannot be applied directly. In this paper, we introduce a novel pattern-based model calibration method to reconstruct discrete and spatially complex facies distributions from dynamic flow response data. To reproduce complex connectivity patterns during model calibration, we impose a feasibility constraint to ensure that the solution follows the expected higher-order spatial statistics. For model calibration, we adopt a regularized least-squares formulation, involving data mismatch, pattern connectivity, and feasibility constraint terms. Using an alternating directions optimization algorithm, the regularized objective function is divided into a continuous model calibration problem, followed by mapping the solution onto the feasible set. The feasibility constraint to honor the expected spatial statistics is implemented using a supervised machine learning algorithm. The two steps of the model calibration formulation are repeated until the convergence criterion is met. Several numerical examples are used to evaluate the performance of the developed method.

0.1 Trend analysis of δ18O composition of precipitation in Germany: Combining Mann-Kendall trend test and ARIMA models to correct for higher order serial correlation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Klaus, Julian; Pan Chun, Kwok; Stumpp, Christine

2015-04-01

Spatio-temporal dynamics of stable oxygen (18O) and hydrogen (2H) isotopes in precipitation can be used as proxies for changing hydro-meteorological and regional and global climate patterns. While spatial patterns and distributions gained much attention in recent years the temporal trends in stable isotope time series are rarely investigated and our understanding of them is still limited. These might be a result of a lack of proper trend detection tools and effort for exploring trend processes. Here we make use of an extensive data set of stable isotope in German precipitation. In this study we investigate temporal trends of δ18O in precipitation at 17 observation station in Germany between 1978 and 2009. For that we test different approaches for proper trend detection, accounting for first and higher order serial correlation. We test if significant trends in the isotope time series based on different models can be observed. We apply the Mann-Kendall trend tests on the isotope series, using general multiplicative seasonal autoregressive integrate moving average (ARIMA) models which account for first and higher order serial correlations. With the approach we can also account for the effects of temperature, precipitation amount on the trend. Further we investigate the role of geographic parameters on isotope trends. To benchmark our proposed approach, the ARIMA results are compared to a trend-free prewhiting (TFPW) procedure, the state of the art method for removing the first order autocorrelation in environmental trend studies. Moreover, we explore whether higher order serial correlations in isotope series affects our trend results. The results show that three out of the 17 stations have significant changes when higher order autocorrelation are adjusted, and four stations show a significant trend when temperature and precipitation effects are considered. Significant trends in the isotope time series are generally observed at low elevation stations (≤315 m a.s.l.). Higher order autoregressive processes are important in the isotope time series analysis. Our results show that the widely used trend analysis with only the first order autocorrelation adjustment may not adequately take account of the high order autocorrelated processes in the stable isotope series. The investigated time series analysis method including higher autocorrelation and external climate variable adjustments is shown to be a better alternative.

Prospective study of Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension- and Mediterranean-style dietary patterns and age-related cognitive change: the Cache County Study on Memory, Health and Aging.

PubMed

Wengreen, Heidi; Munger, Ronald G; Cutler, Adele; Quach, Anna; Bowles, Austin; Corcoran, Christopher; Tschanz, Joann T; Norton, Maria C; Welsh-Bohmer, Kathleen A

2013-11-01

Healthy dietary patterns may protect against age-related cognitive decline, but results of studies have been inconsistent. We examined associations between Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH)- and Mediterranean-style dietary patterns and age-related cognitive change in a prospective, population-based study. Participants included 3831 men and women ≥65 y of age who were residents of Cache County, UT, in 1995. Cognitive function was assessed by using the Modified Mini-Mental State Examination (3MS) ≤4 times over 11 y. Diet-adherence scores were computed by summing across the energy-adjusted rank-order of individual food and nutrient components and categorizing participants into quintiles of the distribution of the diet accordance score. Mixed-effects repeated-measures models were used to examine 3MS scores over time across increasing quintiles of dietary accordance scores and individual food components that comprised each score. The range of rank-order DASH and Mediterranean diet scores was 1661-25,596 and 2407-26,947, respectively. Higher DASH and Mediterranean diet scores were associated with higher average 3MS scores. People in quintile 5 of DASH averaged 0.97 points higher than those in quintile 1 (P = 0.001). The corresponding difference for Mediterranean quintiles was 0.94 (P = 0.001). These differences were consistent over 11 y. Higher intakes of whole grains and nuts and legumes were also associated with higher average 3MS scores [mean quintile 5 compared with 1 differences: 1.19 (P < 0.001), 1.22 (P < 0.001), respectively]. Higher levels of accordance with both the DASH and Mediterranean dietary patterns were associated with consistently higher levels of cognitive function in elderly men and women over an 11-y period. Whole grains and nuts and legumes were positively associated with higher cognitive functions and may be core neuroprotective foods common to various healthy plant-centered diets around the globe.

Making Temporal Logic Calculational: A Tool for Unification and Discovery

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Boute, Raymond

In temporal logic, calculational proofs beyond simple cases are often seen as challenging. The situation is reversed by making temporal logic calculational, yielding shorter and clearer proofs than traditional ones, and serving as a (mental) tool for unification and discovery. A side-effect of unifying theories is easier access by practicians. The starting point is a simple generic (software tool independent) Functional Temporal Calculus (FTC). Specific temporal logics are then captured via endosemantic functions. This concept reflects tacit conventions throughout mathematics and, once identified, is general and useful. FTC also yields a reasoning style that helps discovering theorems by calculation rather than just proving given facts. This is illustrated by deriving various theorems, most related to liveness issues in TLA+, and finding strengthenings of known results. Educational issues are addressed in passing.

Slow decomposition of lower order roots: a key mechanism of root carbon and nutrient retention in the soil.

PubMed

Fan, Pingping; Guo, Dali

2010-06-01

Among tree fine roots, the distal small-diameter lateral branches comprising first- and second-order roots lack secondary (wood) development. Therefore, these roots are expected to decompose more rapidly than higher order woody roots. But this prediction has not been tested and may not be correct. Current evidence suggests that lower order roots may decompose more slowly than higher order roots in tree species associated with ectomycorrhizal (EM) fungi because they are preferentially colonized by fungi and encased by a fungal sheath rich in chitin (a recalcitrant compound). In trees associated with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi, lower order roots do not form fungal sheaths, but they may have poorer C quality, e.g. lower concentrations of soluble carbohydrates and higher concentrations of acid-insolubles than higher order roots, thus may decompose more slowly. In addition, litter with high concentrations of acid insolubles decomposes more slowly under higher N concentrations (such as lower order roots). Therefore, we propose that in both AM and EM trees, lower order roots decompose more slowly than higher order roots due to the combination of poor C quality and high N concentrations. To test this hypothesis, we examined decomposition of the first six root orders in Fraxinus mandshurica (an AM species) and Larix gmelinii (an EM species) using litterbag method in northeastern China. We found that lower order roots of both species decomposed more slowly than higher order roots, and this pattern appears to be associated mainly with initial C quality and N concentrations. Because these lower order roots have short life spans and thus dominate root mortality, their slow decomposition implies that a substantial fraction of the stable soil organic matter pool is derived from these lower order roots, at least in the two species we studied.

SVP-like MADS-box protein from Carya cathayensis forms higher-order complexes.

PubMed

Wang, Jingjing; Hou, Chuanming; Huang, Jianqin; Wang, Zhengjia; Xu, Yingwu

2015-03-01

To properly regulate plant flowering time and construct floral pattern, MADS-domain containing transcription factors must form multimers including homo- and hetero-dimers. They are also active in forming hetero-higher-order complexes with three to five different molecules. However, it is not well known if a MADS-box protein can also form homo-higher-order complex. In this study a biochemical approach is utilized to provide insight into the complex formation for an SVP-like MADS-box protein cloned from hickory. The results indicated that the protein is a heterogeneous higher-order complex with the peak population containing over 20 monomers. Y2H verified the protein to form homo-complex in yeast cells. Western blot of the hickory floral bud sample revealed that the protein exists in higher-order polymers in native. Deletion assays indicated that the flexible C-terminal residues are mainly responsible for the higher-order polymer formation and the heterogeneity. Current results provide direct biochemical evidences for an active MADS-box protein to be a high order complex, much higher than a quartermeric polymer. Analysis suggests that a MADS-box subset may be able to self-assemble into large complexes, and thereby differentiate one subfamily from the other in a higher-order structural manner. Present result is a valuable supplement to the action of mechanism for MADS-box proteins in plant development. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.

Higher-Order Interference in Extensions of Quantum Theory

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lee, Ciarán M.; Selby, John H.

2017-01-01

Quantum interference, manifest in the two slit experiment, lies at the heart of several quantum computational speed-ups and provides a striking example of a quantum phenomenon with no classical counterpart. An intriguing feature of quantum interference arises in a variant of the standard two slit experiment, in which there are three, rather than two, slits. The interference pattern in this set-up can be written in terms of the two and one slit patterns obtained by blocking one, or more, of the slits. This is in stark contrast with the standard two slit experiment, where the interference pattern cannot be written as a sum of the one slit patterns. This was first noted by Rafael Sorkin, who raised the question of why quantum theory only exhibits irreducible interference in the two slit experiment. One approach to this problem is to compare the predictions of quantum theory to those of operationally-defined `foil' theories, in the hope of determining whether theories that do exhibit higher-order interference suffer from pathological—or at least undesirable—features. In this paper two proposed extensions of quantum theory are considered: the theory of Density Cubes proposed by Dakić, Paterek and Brukner, which has been shown to exhibit irreducible interference in the three slit set-up, and the Quartic Quantum Theory of Życzkowski. The theory of Density Cubes will be shown to provide an advantage over quantum theory in a certain computational task and to posses a well-defined mechanism which leads to the emergence of quantum theory—analogous to the emergence of classical physics from quantum theory via decoherence. Despite this, the axioms used to define Density Cubes will be shown to be insufficient to uniquely characterise the theory. In comparison, Quartic Quantum Theory is a well-defined theory and we demonstrate that it exhibits irreducible interference to all orders. This feature of Życzkowski's theory is argued not to be a genuine phenomenon, but to arise from an ambiguity in the current definition of higher-order interference in operationally-defined theories. Thus, to begin to understand why quantum theory is limited to a certain kind of interference, a new definition of higher-order interference is needed that is applicable to, and makes good operational sense in, arbitrary operationally-defined theories.

Height unification using GOCE

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rummel, R.

2012-12-01

With the gravity field and steady-state ocean circulation explorer (GOCE) (preferably combined with the gravity field and climate experiment (GRACE)) a new generation of geoid models will become available for use in height determination. These models will be globally consistent, accurate (<3 cm) and with a spatial resolution up to degree and order 200, when expressed in terms of a spherical harmonic expansion. GOCE is a mission of the European Space Agency (ESA). It is the first satellite equipped with a gravitational gradiometer, in the case of GOCE it measures the gradient components Vxx , Vyy, Vzzand Vxz. The GOCE gravitational sensor system comprises also a geodetic global positioning system (GPS)-receiver, three star sensors and ion-thrusters for drag compensation in flight direction. GOCE was launched in March 2009 and will fly till the end of 2013. Several gravity models have been derived from its data, their maximum degree is typically between 240 and 250. In summer 2012 a first re-processing of all level-1b data took place. One of the science objectives of GOCE is the unification of height systems. The existing height offsets among the datum zones can be determined by least-squares adjustment. This requires several precise geodetic reference points available in each height datum zone, physical heights from spirit levelling (plus gravimetry), the GOCE geoid and, in addition, short wavelength geoid refinement from terrestrial gravity anomalies. GOCE allows for important simplifications of the functional and stochastic part of the adjustment model. The future trend will be the direct determination of physical heights (orthometric as well as normal) from precise global navigation satellite system (GNSS)-positioning in combination with a next generation combined satellite-terrestrial high-resolution geoid model.

Unification theory of optimal life histories and linear demographic models in internal stochasticity.

PubMed

Oizumi, Ryo

2014-01-01

Life history of organisms is exposed to uncertainty generated by internal and external stochasticities. Internal stochasticity is generated by the randomness in each individual life history, such as randomness in food intake, genetic character and size growth rate, whereas external stochasticity is due to the environment. For instance, it is known that the external stochasticity tends to affect population growth rate negatively. It has been shown in a recent theoretical study using path-integral formulation in structured linear demographic models that internal stochasticity can affect population growth rate positively or negatively. However, internal stochasticity has not been the main subject of researches. Taking account of effect of internal stochasticity on the population growth rate, the fittest organism has the optimal control of life history affected by the stochasticity in the habitat. The study of this control is known as the optimal life schedule problems. In order to analyze the optimal control under internal stochasticity, we need to make use of "Stochastic Control Theory" in the optimal life schedule problem. There is, however, no such kind of theory unifying optimal life history and internal stochasticity. This study focuses on an extension of optimal life schedule problems to unify control theory of internal stochasticity into linear demographic models. First, we show the relationship between the general age-states linear demographic models and the stochastic control theory via several mathematical formulations, such as path-integral, integral equation, and transition matrix. Secondly, we apply our theory to a two-resource utilization model for two different breeding systems: semelparity and iteroparity. Finally, we show that the diversity of resources is important for species in a case. Our study shows that this unification theory can address risk hedges of life history in general age-states linear demographic models.

Unification Theory of Optimal Life Histories and Linear Demographic Models in Internal Stochasticity

PubMed Central

Oizumi, Ryo

2014-01-01

Life history of organisms is exposed to uncertainty generated by internal and external stochasticities. Internal stochasticity is generated by the randomness in each individual life history, such as randomness in food intake, genetic character and size growth rate, whereas external stochasticity is due to the environment. For instance, it is known that the external stochasticity tends to affect population growth rate negatively. It has been shown in a recent theoretical study using path-integral formulation in structured linear demographic models that internal stochasticity can affect population growth rate positively or negatively. However, internal stochasticity has not been the main subject of researches. Taking account of effect of internal stochasticity on the population growth rate, the fittest organism has the optimal control of life history affected by the stochasticity in the habitat. The study of this control is known as the optimal life schedule problems. In order to analyze the optimal control under internal stochasticity, we need to make use of “Stochastic Control Theory” in the optimal life schedule problem. There is, however, no such kind of theory unifying optimal life history and internal stochasticity. This study focuses on an extension of optimal life schedule problems to unify control theory of internal stochasticity into linear demographic models. First, we show the relationship between the general age-states linear demographic models and the stochastic control theory via several mathematical formulations, such as path–integral, integral equation, and transition matrix. Secondly, we apply our theory to a two-resource utilization model for two different breeding systems: semelparity and iteroparity. Finally, we show that the diversity of resources is important for species in a case. Our study shows that this unification theory can address risk hedges of life history in general age-states linear demographic models. PMID:24945258

Sparticle spectroscopy of the minimal SO(10) model

DOE PAGES

Fukuyama, Takeshi; Okada, Nobuchika; Tran, Hieu Minh

2017-02-14

Here, the supersymmetric (SUSY) minimal SO(10) model is a well-motivated grand unified theory, where the Standard Model (SM) fermions have Yukawa couplings with only one 10-plet and onemore » $$\\overline{126}$$-plet Higgs fields and it is highly non-trivial if the realistic quark and lepton mass matrices can be reproduced in this context. It has been known that the best fit for all the SM fermion mass matrices is achieved by a vacuum expectation value of the $$\\overline{126}$$-plet Higgs field being at the intermediate scale of around O(10 13) GeV. Under the presence of the SO(10) symmetry breaking at the intermediate scale, the successful SM gauge coupling unification is at risk and likely to be spoiled. Recently, it has been shown that the low-energy fermion mass matrices, except for the down-quark mass predicted to be too low, are very well-fitted without the intermediate scale. In order to resolve the too-low down quark mass while keeping the other fittings intact, we consider SUSY threshold corrections to reproduce the right down quark mass. It turns out that this requires flavor-dependent soft parameters. Motivated by this fact, we calculate particle mass spectra at low energies with flavor-dependent sfermion masses at the grand unification scale. We present a benchmark particle mass spectrum which satisfies a variety of phenomenological constraints, in particular, the observed SM-like Higgs boson mass of around 125 GeV and the relic abundance of the neutralino dark matter as well as the experimental result of the muon anomalous magnetic moment. In the resultant mass spectrum, sleptons in the first and second generations, bino and winos are all light, and this scenario can be tested at the LHC Run-2 in the near future.« less

Characterization and optimization of image quality as a function of reconstruction algorithms and parameter settings in a Siemens Inveon small-animal PET scanner using the NEMA NU 4-2008 standards

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Visser, Eric P.; Disselhorst, Jonathan A.; van Lier, Monique G. J. T. B.; Laverman, Peter; de Jong, Gabie M.; Oyen, Wim J. G.; Boerman, Otto C.

2011-02-01

The image reconstruction algorithms provided with the Siemens Inveon small-animal PET scanner are filtered backprojection (FBP), 3-dimensional reprojection (3DRP), ordered subset expectation maximization in 2 or 3 dimensions (OSEM2D/3D) and maximum a posteriori (MAP) reconstruction. This study aimed at optimizing the reconstruction parameter settings with regard to image quality (IQ) as defined by the NEMA NU 4-2008 standards. The NEMA NU 4-2008 image quality phantom was used to determine image noise, expressed as percentage standard deviation in the uniform phantom region (%STD unif), activity recovery coefficients for the FDG-filled rods (RC rod), and spill-over ratios for the non-radioactive water- and air-filled phantom compartments (SOR wat and SOR air). Although not required by NEMA NU 4, we also determined a contrast-to-noise ratio for each rod (CNR rod), expressing the trade-off between activity recovery and image noise. For FBP and 3DRP the cut-off frequency of the applied filters, and for OSEM2D and OSEM3D, the number of iterations was varied. For MAP, the "smoothing parameter" β and the type of uniformity constraint (variance or resolution) were varied. Results of these analyses were demonstrated in images of an FDG-injected rat showing tumours in the liver, and of a mouse injected with an 18F-labeled peptide, showing a small subcutaneous tumour and the cortex structure of the kidneys. Optimum IQ in terms of CNR rod for the small-diameter rods was obtained using MAP with uniform variance and β=0.4. This setting led to RC rod,1 mm=0.21, RC rod,2 mm=0.57, %STD unif=1.38, SOR wat=0.0011, and SOR air=0.00086. However, the highest activity recovery for the smallest rods with still very small %STD unif was obtained using β=0.075, for which these IQ parameters were 0.31, 0.74, 2.67, 0.0041, and 0.0030, respectively. The different settings of reconstruction parameters were clearly reflected in the rat and mouse images as the trade-off between the recovery of small structures (blood vessels, small tumours, kidney cortex structure) and image noise in homogeneous body parts (healthy liver background). Highest IQ for the Inveon PET scanner was obtained using MAP reconstruction with uniform variance. The setting of β depended on the specific imaging goals.

Anomalous refraction of light through slanted-nanoaperture arrays on metal surface

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Kim, Myungji; Jung, Yun Suk; Xi, Yonggang

2015-09-07

We report a nanoapertured metal surface that demonstrates anomalous refraction of light for a wide range of incident angles. A nanoslit aperture is designed to serve as a tilted vertical-dipole whose radiation pattern orients to a glancing angle direction to substrate. An array of such slanted nanoslits formed in a metal film redirects an incident beam into the direction of negative refraction angle: the aperture-transmitted wave makes a far-field propagation to the tilt-oriented direction of radiation pattern. The thus-designed nanoaperture array demonstrates the −1st order diffraction (i.e., to the negative refraction-angle direction) with well-suppressed background transmission (the zero-order direct transmissionmore » and other higher-order diffractions). Engineering the radiation pattern of nanoaperture offers an approach to overcoming the limits of conventional diffractive/refractive optics and complementing metasurface-based nano-optics.« less

Separating method factors and higher order traits of the Big Five: a meta-analytic multitrait-multimethod approach.

PubMed

Chang, Luye; Connelly, Brian S; Geeza, Alexis A

2012-02-01

Though most personality researchers now recognize that ratings of the Big Five are not orthogonal, the field has been divided about whether these trait intercorrelations are substantive (i.e., driven by higher order factors) or artifactual (i.e., driven by correlated measurement error). We used a meta-analytic multitrait-multirater study to estimate trait correlations after common method variance was controlled. Our results indicated that common method variance substantially inflates trait correlations, and, once controlled, correlations among the Big Five became relatively modest. We then evaluated whether two different theories of higher order factors could account for the pattern of Big Five trait correlations. Our results did not support Rushton and colleagues' (Rushton & Irwing, 2008; Rushton et al., 2009) proposed general factor of personality, but Digman's (1997) α and β metatraits (relabeled by DeYoung, Peterson, and Higgins (2002) as Stability and Plasticity, respectively) produced viable fit. However, our models showed considerable overlap between Stability and Emotional Stability and between Plasticity and Extraversion, raising the question of whether these metatraits are redundant with their dominant Big Five traits. This pattern of findings was robust when we included only studies whose observers were intimately acquainted with targets. Our results underscore the importance of using a multirater approach to studying personality and the need to separate the causes and outcomes of higher order metatraits from those of the Big Five. We discussed the implications of these findings for the array of research fields in which personality is studied.

Stokes waves revisited: Exact solutions in the asymptotic limit

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Davies, Megan; Chattopadhyay, Amit K.

2016-03-01

The Stokes perturbative solution of the nonlinear (boundary value dependent) surface gravity wave problem is known to provide results of reasonable accuracy to engineers in estimating the phase speed and amplitudes of such nonlinear waves. The weakling in this structure though is the presence of aperiodic "secular variation" in the solution that does not agree with the known periodic propagation of surface waves. This has historically necessitated increasingly higher-ordered (perturbative) approximations in the representation of the velocity profile. The present article ameliorates this long-standing theoretical insufficiency by invoking a compact exact n -ordered solution in the asymptotic infinite depth limit, primarily based on a representation structured around the third-ordered perturbative solution, that leads to a seamless extension to higher-order (e.g., fifth-order) forms existing in the literature. The result from this study is expected to improve phenomenological engineering estimates, now that any desired higher-ordered expansion may be compacted within the same representation, but without any aperiodicity in the spectral pattern of the wave guides.

Diffraction of V-point singularities through triangular apertures.

PubMed

Ram, B S Bhargava; Sharma, Anurag; Senthilkumaran, P

2017-05-01

In this paper we present experimental studies on diffraction of V-point singularities through equilateral and isosceles right triangular apertures. When V-point index, also called Poincare-Hopf index (η), of the optical field is +1, the diffraction disintegrates it into two monstars/lemons. When V-point index η is -1, diffraction produces two stars. The diffraction pattern, unlike phase singularity, is insensitive to polarity of the polarization singularity and the intensity pattern remains invariant. Higher order V-point singularities are generated using Sagnac interferometer and it is observed that the diffraction disintegrates them into lower order C-points.

Supergroup.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Thomsen, Dietrick E.

1979-01-01

Supersymmetry is a newly developed principle with which theorists are attempting to continue the work of unification. This article examines the principle of supersymmetry at the subatomic level and relates it to the quest for a unity theory. (MA)

Unification with vector-like fermions and signals at LHC

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bhattacherjee, Biplob; Byakti, Pritibhajan; Kushwaha, Ashwani; Vempati, Sudhir K.

2018-05-01

We look for minimal extensions of Standard Model with vector like fermions leading to precision unification of gauge couplings. Constraints from proton decay, Higgs stability and perturbativity are considered. The simplest models contain several copies of vector fermions in two different (incomplete) representations. Some of these models encompass Type III seesaw mechanism for neutrino masses whereas some others have a dark matter candidate. In all the models, at least one of the candidates has non-trivial representation under SU(3)color. In the limit of vanishing Yukawa couplings, new QCD bound states are formed, which can be probed at LHC. The present limits based on results from 13 TeV already probe these particles for masses around a TeV. Similar models can be constructed with three or four vector representations, examples of which are presented.

Requirements for energy based constitutive modeling in tire mechanics

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Luchini, John R.; Peters, Jim M.; Mars, Will V.

1995-01-01

The history, requirements, and theoretical basis of a new energy based constitutive model for (rubber) material elasticity, hysteresis, and failure are presented. Energy based elasticity is handled by many constitutive models, both in one dimension and in three dimensions. Conversion of mechanical energy to heat can be modeled with viscoelasticity or as structural hysteresis. We are seeking unification of elasticity, hysteresis, and failure mechanisms such as fatigue and wear. An energy state characterization for failure criteria of (rubber) materials may provide this unification and also help explain the interaction of temperature effects with failure mechanisms which are described as creation of growth of internal crack surface. Improved structural modeling of tires with FEM should result from such a unified constitutive theory. The theory will also guide experimental work and should enable better interpretation of the results of computational stress analyses.

Computational Unification: a Vision for Connecting Researchers

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Troy, R. M.; Kingrey, O. J.

2002-12-01

Computational Unification of science, once only a vision, is becoming a reality. This technology is based upon a scientifically defensible, general solution for Earth Science data management and processing. The computational unification of science offers a real opportunity to foster inter and intra-discipline cooperation, and the end of 're-inventing the wheel'. As we move forward using computers as tools, it is past time to move from computationally isolating, "one-off" or discipline-specific solutions into a unified framework where research can be more easily shared, especially with researchers in other disciplines. The author will discuss how distributed meta-data, distributed processing and distributed data objects are structured to constitute a working interdisciplinary system, including how these resources lead to scientific defensibility through known lineage of all data products. Illustration of how scientific processes are encapsulated and executed illuminates how previously written processes and functions are integrated into the system efficiently and with minimal effort. Meta-data basics will illustrate how intricate relationships may easily be represented and used to good advantage. Retrieval techniques will be discussed including trade-offs of using meta-data versus embedded data, how the two may be integrated, and how simplifying assumptions may or may not help. This system is based upon the experience of the Sequoia 2000 and BigSur research projects at the University of California, Berkeley, whose goals were to find an alternative to the Hughes EOS-DIS system and is presently offered by Science Tools corporation, of which the author is a principal.

Lie-Santilli isoapproach to the unification of gravity and electromagnetism

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Animalu, A.O.E.

1996-06-01

The author reviews the problem of Einstein`s original proposal for the unification of gravity and electromagnetism in space-time differential geometry along the lines of the recent contributions by A.A. Logunov, R.M. Santilli, D.F. Lopez and others. The author presents a new method of unification based on the Lie-Santilli isotopic theory whereby the unified field tensor g = (g{sub {mu}{nu}}) is constructed from the symmetric Riemannian gravitational tensor, g = (g{mu}{nu}), and the antisymmetric electromagnetic field tensor F = (F{sub {mu}{nu}}) via an isotopic lifting g {yields} {cflx g} = Fg of the type of Lax pairing, where det F {ne}more » 0, the unified field {cflx g} satisfies Logunov-Santilli equations while g and F are treated as Lax pair. Because of Santilli`s isotopic equivalence between Minkowskian and Riemannian geometries, the author infers that in the Minkowskian limit F = f, g = {eta}, the metric {eta} satisfies Lax`s equation of motion {partial_derivative}{eta}/{partial_derivative}t = f{eta} {minus} {eta}f which insures the conservation of the eigenvalues of g. The invariance of the electromagnetic group of transformations (F) in Minkowski space is determined by the eigenvalue equations, det (F{sub {mu}{nu}}){minus}{lambda}{eta}{sub {mu}{nu}} = 0, from which the author deduces a Lie-isotopic {open_quotes}extended{close_quotes} relativity principle. A wave equation for a spin-2 particle in the unified field is derived, and the experimental consequences of the theory are discussed.« less

Wavefront correction performed by a deformable mirror of arbitrary actuator pattern within a multireflection waveguide.

PubMed

Ma, Xingkun; Huang, Lei; Bian, Qi; Gong, Mali

2014-09-10

The wavefront correction ability of a deformable mirror with a multireflection waveguide was investigated and compared via simulations. By dividing a conventional actuator array into a multireflection waveguide that consisted of single-actuator units, an arbitrary actuator pattern could be achieved. A stochastic parallel perturbation algorithm was proposed to find the optimal actuator pattern for a particular aberration. Compared with conventional an actuator array, the multireflection waveguide showed significant advantages in correction of higher order aberrations.

Controllable excitation of higher-order rogue waves in nonautonomous systems with both varying linear and harmonic external potentials

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jia, Heping; Yang, Rongcao; Tian, Jinping; Zhang, Wenmei

2018-05-01

The nonautonomous nonlinear Schrödinger (NLS) equation with both varying linear and harmonic external potentials is investigated and the semirational rogue wave (RW) solution is presented by similarity transformation. Based on the solution, the interactions between Peregrine soliton and breathers, and the controllability of the semirational RWs in periodic distribution and exponential decreasing nonautonomous systems with both linear and harmonic potentials are studied. It is found that the harmonic potential only influences the constraint condition of the semirational solution, the linear potential is related to the trajectory of the semirational RWs, while dispersion and nonlinearity determine the excitation position of the higher-order RWs. The higher-order RWs can be partly, completely and biperiodically excited in periodic distribution system and the diverse excited patterns can be generated for different parameter relations in exponential decreasing system. The results reveal that the excitation of the higher-order RWs can be controlled in the nonautonomous system by choosing dispersion, nonlinearity and external potentials.

A new integrated evaluation method of heavy metals pollution control during melting and sintering of MSWI fly ash.

PubMed

Li, Rundong; Li, Yanlong; Yang, Tianhua; Wang, Lei; Wang, Weiyun

2015-05-30

Evaluations of technologies for heavy metal control mainly examine the residual and leaching rates of a single heavy metal, such that developed evaluation method have no coordination or uniqueness and are therefore unsuitable for hazard control effect evaluation. An overall pollution toxicity index (OPTI) was established in this paper, based on the developed index, an integrated evaluation method of heavy metal pollution control was established. Application of this method in the melting and sintering of fly ash revealed the following results: The integrated control efficiency of the melting process was higher in all instances than that of the sintering process. The lowest integrated control efficiency of melting was 56.2%, and the highest integrated control efficiency of sintering was 46.6%. Using the same technology, higher integrated control efficiency conditions were all achieved with lower temperatures and shorter times. This study demonstrated the unification and consistency of this method. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Automatically detect and track infrared small targets with kernel Fukunaga-Koontz transform and Kalman prediction.

PubMed

Liu, Ruiming; Liu, Erqi; Yang, Jie; Zeng, Yong; Wang, Fanglin; Cao, Yuan

2007-11-01

Fukunaga-Koontz transform (FKT), stemming from principal component analysis (PCA), is used in many pattern recognition and image-processing fields. It cannot capture the higher-order statistical property of natural images, so its detection performance is not satisfying. PCA has been extended into kernel PCA in order to capture the higher-order statistics. However, thus far there have been no researchers who have definitely proposed kernel FKT (KFKT) and researched its detection performance. For accurately detecting potential small targets from infrared images, we first extend FKT into KFKT to capture the higher-order statistical properties of images. Then a framework based on Kalman prediction and KFKT, which can automatically detect and track small targets, is developed. Results of experiments show that KFKT outperforms FKT and the proposed framework is competent to automatically detect and track infrared point targets.

Automatically detect and track infrared small targets with kernel Fukunaga-Koontz transform and Kalman prediction

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Liu, Ruiming; Liu, Erqi; Yang, Jie; Zeng, Yong; Wang, Fanglin; Cao, Yuan

2007-11-01

Fukunaga-Koontz transform (FKT), stemming from principal component analysis (PCA), is used in many pattern recognition and image-processing fields. It cannot capture the higher-order statistical property of natural images, so its detection performance is not satisfying. PCA has been extended into kernel PCA in order to capture the higher-order statistics. However, thus far there have been no researchers who have definitely proposed kernel FKT (KFKT) and researched its detection performance. For accurately detecting potential small targets from infrared images, we first extend FKT into KFKT to capture the higher-order statistical properties of images. Then a framework based on Kalman prediction and KFKT, which can automatically detect and track small targets, is developed. Results of experiments show that KFKT outperforms FKT and the proposed framework is competent to automatically detect and track infrared point targets.

Patterns of motor recruitment can be determined using surface EMG.

PubMed

Wakeling, James M

2009-04-01

Previous studies have reported how different populations of motor units (MUs) can be recruited during dynamic and locomotor tasks. It was hypothesised that the higher-threshold units would contribute higher-frequency components to the sEMG spectra due to their faster conduction velocities, and thus recruitment patterns that increase the proportion of high-threshold units active would lead to higher-frequency elements in the sEMG spectra. This idea was tested by using a model of varying recruitment coupled to a three-layer volume conductor model to generate a series of sEMG signals. The recruitment varied from (A) orderly recruitment where the lowest-threshold MUs were initially activated and higher-threshold MUs were sequentially recruited as the contraction progressed, (B) a recurrent inhibition model that started with orderly recruitment, but as the higher-threshold units were activated they inhibited the lower-threshold MUs (C) nine models with intermediate properties that were graded between these two extremes. The sEMG was processed using wavelet analysis and the spectral properties quantified by their mean frequency, and an angle theta that was determined from the principal components of the spectra. Recruitment strategies that resulted in a greater proportion of faster MUs being active had a significantly lower theta and higher mean frequency.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Gim, Yongwan; Kim, Wontae, E-mail: yongwan89@sogang.ac.kr, E-mail: wtkim@sogang.ac.kr

In warm inflation scenarios, radiation always exists, so that the radiation energy density is also assumed to be finite when inflation starts. To find out the origin of the non-vanishing initial radiation energy density, we revisit thermodynamic analysis for a warm inflation model and then derive an effective Stefan-Boltzmann law which is commensurate with the temperature-dependent effective potential by taking into account the non-vanishing trace of the total energy-momentum tensors. The effective Stefan-Boltzmann law shows that the zero energy density for radiation at the Grand Unification epoch increases until the inflation starts and it becomes eventually finite at the initialmore » stage of warm inflation. By using the above effective Stefan-Boltzmann law, we also study the cosmological scalar perturbation, and obtain the sufficient radiation energy density in order for GUT baryogenesis at the end of inflation.« less

R parity violation from discrete R symmetries

DOE PAGES

Chen, Mu-Chun; Ratz, Michael; Takhistov, Volodymyr

2014-12-15

We consider supersymmetric extensions of the standard model in which the usual R or matter parity gets replaced by another R or non–R discrete symmetry that explains the observed longevity of the nucleon and solves the µ problem of MSSM. In order to identify suitable symmetries, we develop a novel method of deriving the maximal Z (R) N symmetry that satisfies a given set of constraints. We identify R parity violating (RPV) and conserving models that are consistent with precision gauge unification and also comment on their compatibility with a unified gauge symmetry such as the Pati–Salam group. Finally, wemore » provide a counter– example to the statement found in the recent literature that the lepton number violating RPV scenarios must have µ term and the bilinear κ L Hu operator of comparable magnitude.« less

The Effect of Organizational Learning Patterns on Leading Strategic Change among Higher Education Institutions of Ethiopia

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Olla, Woyita W.

2013-01-01

Innovations and reforms are crucial for both public and Christian higher education institutions in order to survive and thrive in an increasingly complex and turbulent today's environment. Although there is a plethora of literature on strategic change, the effect of organizational learning on leading strategic change has been barely investigated…

Phylogenetic studies favour the unification of Pennisetum, Cenchrus and Odontelytrum (Poaceae): a combined nuclear, plastid and morphological analysis, and nomenclatural combinations in Cenchrus.

PubMed

Chemisquy, M Amelia; Giussani, Liliana M; Scataglini, María A; Kellogg, Elizabeth A; Morrone, Osvaldo

2010-07-01

Twenty-five genera having sterile inflorescence branches were recognized as the bristle clade within the x = 9 Paniceae (Panicoideae). Within the bristle clade, taxonomic circumscription of Cenchrus (20-25 species), Pennisetum (80-140) and the monotypic Odontelytrum is still unclear. Several criteria have been applied to characterize Cenchrus and Pennisetum, but none of these has proved satisfactory as the diagnostic characters, such as fusion of bristles in the inflorescences, show continuous variation. A phylogenetic analysis based on morphological, plastid (trnL-F, ndhF) and nuclear (knotted) data is presented for a representative species sampling of the genera. All analyses were conducted under parsimony, using heuristic searches with TBR branch swapping. Branch support was assessed with parsimony jackknifing. Based on plastid and morphological data, Pennisetum, Cenchrus and Odontelytrum were supported as a monophyletic group: the PCO clade. Only one section of Pennisetum (Brevivalvula) was supported as monophyletic. The position of P. lanatum differed among data partitions, although the combined plastid and morphology and nuclear analyses showed this species to be a member of the PCO clade. The basic chromosome number x = 9 was found to be plesiomorphic, and x = 5, 7, 8, 10 and 17 were derived states. The nuclear phylogenetic analysis revealed a reticulate pattern of relationships among Pennisetum and Cenchrus, suggesting that there are at least three different genomes. Because apomixis can be transferred among species through hybridization, its history most likely reflects crossing relationships, rather than multiple independent appearances. Due to the consistency between the present results and different phylogenetic hypotheses (including morphological, developmental and multilocus approaches), and the high support found for the PCO clade, also including the type species of the three genera, we propose unification of Pennisetum, Cenchrus and Odontelytrum. Species of Pennisetum and Odontelytrum are here transferred into Cenchrus, which has priority. Sixty-six new combinations are made here.

Phylogenetic studies favour the unification of Pennisetum, Cenchrus and Odontelytrum (Poaceae): a combined nuclear, plastid and morphological analysis, and nomenclatural combinations in Cenchrus

PubMed Central

Chemisquy, M. Amelia; Giussani, Liliana M.; Scataglini, María A.; Kellogg, Elizabeth A.; Morrone, Osvaldo

2010-01-01

Backgrounds and Aims Twenty-five genera having sterile inflorescence branches were recognized as the bristle clade within the x = 9 Paniceae (Panicoideae). Within the bristle clade, taxonomic circumscription of Cenchrus (20–25 species), Pennisetum (80–140) and the monotypic Odontelytrum is still unclear. Several criteria have been applied to characterize Cenchrus and Pennisetum, but none of these has proved satisfactory as the diagnostic characters, such as fusion of bristles in the inflorescences, show continuous variation. Methods A phylogenetic analysis based on morphological, plastid (trnL-F, ndhF) and nuclear (knotted) data is presented for a representative species sampling of the genera. All analyses were conducted under parsimony, using heuristic searches with TBR branch swapping. Branch support was assessed with parsimony jackknifing. Key Results Based on plastid and morphological data, Pennisetum, Cenchrus and Odontelytrum were supported as a monophyletic group: the PCO clade. Only one section of Pennisetum (Brevivalvula) was supported as monophyletic. The position of P. lanatum differed among data partitions, although the combined plastid and morphology and nuclear analyses showed this species to be a member of the PCO clade. The basic chromosome number x = 9 was found to be plesiomorphic, and x = 5, 7, 8, 10 and 17 were derived states. The nuclear phylogenetic analysis revealed a reticulate pattern of relationships among Pennisetum and Cenchrus, suggesting that there are at least three different genomes. Because apomixis can be transferred among species through hybridization, its history most likely reflects crossing relationships, rather than multiple independent appearances. Conclusions Due to the consistency between the present results and different phylogenetic hypotheses (including morphological, developmental and multilocus approaches), and the high support found for the PCO clade, also including the type species of the three genera, we propose unification of Pennisetum, Cenchrus and Odontelytrum. Species of Pennisetum and Odontelytrum are here transferred into Cenchrus, which has priority. Sixty-six new combinations are made here. PMID:20570830

Reorganization of river networks under changing spatiotemporal precipitation patterns: An optimal channel network approach

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Abed-Elmdoust, Armaghan; Miri, Mohammad-Ali; Singh, Arvind

2016-11-01

We investigate the impact of changing nonuniform spatial and temporal precipitation patterns on the evolution of river networks. To achieve this, we develop a two-dimensional optimal channel network (OCN) model with a controllable rainfall distribution to simulate the evolution of river networks, governed by the principle of minimum energy expenditure, inside a prescribed boundary. We show that under nonuniform precipitation conditions, river networks reorganize significantly toward new patterns with different geomorphic and hydrologic signatures. This reorganization is mainly observed in the form of migration of channels of different orders, widening or elongation of basins as well as formation and extinction of channels and basins. In particular, when the precipitation gradient is locally increased, the higher-order channels, including the mainstream river, migrate toward regions with higher precipitation intensity. Through pertinent examples, the reorganization of the drainage network is quantified via stream parameters such as Horton-Strahler and Tokunaga measures, order-based channel total length and river long profiles obtained via simulation of three-dimensional basin topography, while the hydrologic response of the evolved network is investigated using metrics such as hydrograph and power spectral density of simulated streamflows at the outlet of the network. In addition, using OCNs, we investigate the effect of orographic precipitation patterns on multicatchment landscapes composed of several interacting basins. Our results show that network-inspired methods can be utilized as insightful and versatile models for directly exploring the effects of climate change on the evolution of river drainage systems.

Effects of environmental enrichment on repetitive behaviors in the BTBR T+tf/J mouse model of autism.

PubMed

Reynolds, Stacey; Urruela, Meagan; Devine, Darragh P

2013-10-01

Lower order and higher order repetitive behaviors have been documented in the BTBR T+tf/J (BTBR) mouse strain, a mouse model that exhibits all three core behavioral domains that define autism. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of environmental enrichment for reducing repetitive behaviors in BTBR mice. Lower order behaviors were captured by assaying the time and sequence of grooming, while higher order behaviors were measured using pattern analysis of an object exploration task from digital recordings. Baseline scores were established at 7 weeks of age, followed by 30 days of housing in either a standard or enriched cage. As expected, BTBR mice spent significantly more time grooming and had a more rigid grooming sequence than control C57BL/6J mice did at baseline. After 30 days of enrichment housing, BTBR mice demonstrated a significant reduction in time spent grooming, resulting in levels that were lower than those exhibited by BTBR mice in standard housing. However, no changes were noted in the rigidity of their grooming sequence. In contrast to previous findings, there was no difference in repetitive patterns of exploration at baseline between BTBR and C57BL/6J mice in the object exploration test. Subsequently, enrichment did not significantly alter the number of repetitive patterns at posttest. Overall, the results suggest that environmental enrichment may be beneficial for reducing the time spent engaging in lower order repetitive behaviors, but may not change the overall quality of the behaviors when they do manifest. © 2013 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Supergravity and the Unification of the Laws of Physics

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Freedman, Daniel Z.; van Nieuwenhuizen, Peter

1978-01-01

In this new theory the gravitational force arises from a symmetry relating particles with vastly different properties. The ultimate result may be a unified theory of all the basic forces in nature. (Author/BB)

The Search for Proton Decay.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Marshak, Marvin L.

1984-01-01

Provides the rationale for and examples of experiments designed to test the stability of protons and bound neutrons. Also considers the unification question, cosmological implications, current and future detectors, and current status of knowledge on proton decay. (JN)

On use of the multistage dose-response model for assessing laboratory animal carcinogenicity

PubMed Central

Nitcheva, Daniella; Piegorsch, Walter W.; West, R. Webster

2007-01-01

We explore how well a statistical multistage model describes dose-response patterns in laboratory animal carcinogenicity experiments from a large database of quantal response data. The data are collected from the U.S. EPA’s publicly available IRIS data warehouse and examined statistically to determine how often higher-order values in the multistage predictor yield significant improvements in explanatory power over lower-order values. Our results suggest that the addition of a second-order parameter to the model only improves the fit about 20% of the time, while adding even higher-order terms apparently does not contribute to the fit at all, at least with the study designs we captured in the IRIS database. Also included is an examination of statistical tests for assessing significance of higher-order terms in a multistage dose-response model. It is noted that bootstrap testing methodology appears to offer greater stability for performing the hypothesis tests than a more-common, but possibly unstable, “Wald” test. PMID:17490794

Dynamical resonance shift and unification of resonances in short-pulse laser-cluster interaction

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mahalik, S. S.; Kundu, M.

2018-06-01

Pronounced maximum absorption of laser light irradiating a rare-gas or metal cluster is widely expected during the linear resonance (LR) when Mie-plasma wavelength λM of electrons equals the laser wavelength λ . On the contrary, by performing molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of an argon cluster irradiated by short 5-fs (FWHM) laser pulses it is revealed that, for a given laser pulse energy and a cluster, at each peak intensity there exists a λ —shifted from the expected λM—that corresponds to a unified dynamical LR at which evolution of the cluster happens through very efficient unification of possible resonances in various stages, including (i) the LR in the initial time of plasma creation, (ii) the LR in the Coulomb expanding phase in the later time, and (iii) anharmonic resonance in the marginally overdense regime for a relatively longer pulse duration, leading to maximum laser absorption accompanied by maximum removal of electrons from cluster and also maximum allowed average charge states for the argon cluster. Increasing the laser intensity, the absorption maxima is found to shift to a higher wavelength in the band of λ ≈(1 -1.5 ) λM than permanently staying at the expected λM. A naive rigid sphere model also corroborates the wavelength shift of the absorption peak as found in MD and unequivocally proves that maximum laser absorption in a cluster happens at a shifted λ in the marginally overdense regime of λ ≈(1 -1.5 ) λM instead of λM of LR. The present study is important for guiding an optimal condition laser-cluster interaction experiment in the short-pulse regime.

X-Ray Absorption, Nuclear Infrared Emission, and Dust Covering Factors of AGNs: Testing Unification Schemes

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mateos, S.; Carrera, F. J.; Alonso-Herrero, A.; Hernán-Caballero, A.; Barcons, X.; Asensio Ramos, A.; Watson, M. G.; Blain, A.; Caccianiga, A.; Ballo, L.; Braito, V.; Ramos Almeida, C.

2016-03-01

We present the distributions of the geometrical covering factors of the dusty tori (f2) of active galactic nuclei (AGNs) using an X-ray selected complete sample of 227 AGNs drawn from the Bright Ultra-hard XMM-Newton Survey. The AGNs have z from 0.05 to 1.7, 2-10 keV luminosities between 1042 and 1046 erg s-1, and Compton-thin X-ray absorption. Employing data from UKIDSS, 2MASS, and the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer in a previous work, we determined the rest-frame 1-20 μm continuum emission from the torus, which we model here with the clumpy torus models of Nenkova et al. Optically classified type 1 and type 2 AGNs are intrinsically different, with type 2 AGNs having, on average, tori with higher f2 than type 1 AGNs. Nevertheless, ˜20% of type 1 AGNs have tori with large covering factors, while ˜23%-28% of type 2 AGNs have tori with small covering factors. Low f2 are preferred at high AGN luminosities, as postulated by simple receding torus models, although for type 2 AGNs the effect is certainly small. f2 increases with the X-ray column density, which implies that dust extinction and X-ray absorption take place in material that share an overall geometry and most likely belong to the same structure, the putative torus. Based on our results, the viewing angle, AGN luminosity, and also f2 determine the optical appearance of an AGN and control the shape of the rest-frame ˜1-20 μm nuclear continuum emission. Thus, the torus geometrical covering factor is a key ingredient of unification schemes.

Phyllotactic arrangements of optical elements

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Horacek, M.; Meluzin, P.; Kratky, S.; Matejka, M.; Kolarik, V.

2017-05-01

Phyllotaxy studies arrangements of biological entities, e.g. a placement of seeds in the flower head. Vogel (1979) presented a phyllotactic model based on series of seeds ordered along a primary spiral. This arrangement allows each seed to occupy the same area within a circular flower head. Recently, a similar arrangement of diffraction primitives forming a planar relief diffractive structure was presented. The planar relief structure was used for benchmarking and testing purposes of the electron beam writer patterning process. This contribution presents the analysis of local periods and azimuths of optical phyllotactic arrangements. Two kinds of network characteristic triangles are introduced. If the discussed planar structure has appropriate size and density, diffraction of the incoming light creates characteristic a phyllotactic diffraction pattern. Algorithms enabling the analysis of such behavior were developed and they were validated by fabricated samples of relief structures. Combined and higher diffraction orders are also analyzed. Different approaches enabling the creation of phyllotactic diffractive patterns are proposed. E-beam lithography is a flexible technology for various diffraction gratings origination. The e-beam patterning typically allows for the creation of optical diffraction gratings in the first diffraction order. Nevertheless, this technology enables also more complex grating to be prepared, e.g. blazed gratings and zero order gratings. Moreover, the mentioned kinds of gratings can be combined within one planar relief structure. The practical part of the presented work deals with the nano patterning of such structures by using two different types of the e-beam pattern generators.

Ordered roughness effects on NACA 0026 airfoil

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Harun, Z.; Abbas, A. A.; Dheyaa, R. Mohammed; Ghazali, M. I.

2016-10-01

The effects of highly-ordered rough surface - riblets, applied onto the surface of a NACA 0026 airfoil, are investigated experimentally using wind tunnel. The riblets are arranged in directionally converging - diverging pattern with dimensions of height, h = 1 mm, pitch or spacing, s = 1 mm, yaw angle α = 0o and 10o The airfoil with external geometry of 500 mm span, 600 mm chord and 156 mm thickness has been built using mostly woods and aluminium. Turbulence quantities are collected using hotwire anemometry. Hotwire measurements show that flows past converging and diverging pattern inherit similar patterns in the near-wall region for both mean velocity and turbulence intensities profiles. The mean velocity profiles in logarithmic regions for both flows past converging and diverging riblet pattern are lower than that with yaw angle α = 0o. Converging riblets cause the boundary layer to thicken and the flow with yaw angle α = 0o produces the thinnest boundary layer. Both the converging and diverging riblets cause pronounced outer peaks in the turbulence intensities profiles. Most importantly, flows past converging and diverging pattern experience 30% skin friction reductions. Higher order statistics show that riblet surfaces produce similar effects due to adverse pressure gradient. It is concluded that a small strip of different ordered roughness features applied at a leading edge of an airfoil can change the turbulence characteristics dramatically.

Information Compression, Multiple Alignment, and the Representation and Processing of Knowledge in the Brain.

PubMed

Wolff, J Gerard

2016-01-01

The SP theory of intelligence , with its realization in the SP computer model , aims to simplify and integrate observations and concepts across artificial intelligence, mainstream computing, mathematics, and human perception and cognition, with information compression as a unifying theme. This paper describes how abstract structures and processes in the theory may be realized in terms of neurons, their interconnections, and the transmission of signals between neurons. This part of the SP theory- SP-neural -is a tentative and partial model for the representation and processing of knowledge in the brain. Empirical support for the SP theory-outlined in the paper-provides indirect support for SP-neural. In the abstract part of the SP theory (SP-abstract), all kinds of knowledge are represented with patterns , where a pattern is an array of atomic symbols in one or two dimensions. In SP-neural, the concept of a "pattern" is realized as an array of neurons called a pattern assembly , similar to Hebb's concept of a "cell assembly" but with important differences. Central to the processing of information in SP-abstract is information compression via the matching and unification of patterns (ICMUP) and, more specifically, information compression via the powerful concept of multiple alignment , borrowed and adapted from bioinformatics. Processes such as pattern recognition, reasoning and problem solving are achieved via the building of multiple alignments, while unsupervised learning is achieved by creating patterns from sensory information and also by creating patterns from multiple alignments in which there is a partial match between one pattern and another. It is envisaged that, in SP-neural, short-lived neural structures equivalent to multiple alignments will be created via an inter-play of excitatory and inhibitory neural signals. It is also envisaged that unsupervised learning will be achieved by the creation of pattern assemblies from sensory information and from the neural equivalents of multiple alignments, much as in the non-neural SP theory-and significantly different from the "Hebbian" kinds of learning which are widely used in the kinds of artificial neural network that are popular in computer science. The paper discusses several associated issues, with relevant empirical evidence.

Prospective study of Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension– and Mediterranean-style dietary patterns and age-related cognitive change: the Cache County Study on Memory, Health and Aging123

PubMed Central

Munger, Ronald G; Cutler, Adele; Quach, Anna; Bowles, Austin; Corcoran, Christopher; Tschanz, JoAnn T; Norton, Maria C; Welsh-Bohmer, Kathleen A

2013-01-01

Background: Healthy dietary patterns may protect against age-related cognitive decline, but results of studies have been inconsistent. Objective: We examined associations between Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH)– and Mediterranean-style dietary patterns and age-related cognitive change in a prospective, population-based study. Design: Participants included 3831 men and women ≥65 y of age who were residents of Cache County, UT, in 1995. Cognitive function was assessed by using the Modified Mini-Mental State Examination (3MS) ≤4 times over 11 y. Diet-adherence scores were computed by summing across the energy-adjusted rank-order of individual food and nutrient components and categorizing participants into quintiles of the distribution of the diet accordance score. Mixed-effects repeated-measures models were used to examine 3MS scores over time across increasing quintiles of dietary accordance scores and individual food components that comprised each score. Results: The range of rank-order DASH and Mediterranean diet scores was 1661–25,596 and 2407–26,947, respectively. Higher DASH and Mediterranean diet scores were associated with higher average 3MS scores. People in quintile 5 of DASH averaged 0.97 points higher than those in quintile 1 (P = 0.001). The corresponding difference for Mediterranean quintiles was 0.94 (P = 0.001). These differences were consistent over 11 y. Higher intakes of whole grains and nuts and legumes were also associated with higher average 3MS scores [mean quintile 5 compared with 1 differences: 1.19 (P < 0.001), 1.22 (P < 0.001), respectively]. Conclusions: Higher levels of accordance with both the DASH and Mediterranean dietary patterns were associated with consistently higher levels of cognitive function in elderly men and women over an 11-y period. Whole grains and nuts and legumes were positively associated with higher cognitive functions and may be core neuroprotective foods common to various healthy plant-centered diets around the globe. PMID:24047922

Home - Deep Underground Neutrino ExperimentDeep Underground Neutrino

Science.gov Websites

understanding of neutrinos and their role in the universe. DUNE prototype detectors are under construction at understanding of neutrinos and their role in the universe. DUNE_Forces_011116_FINAL Unification of Forces With

The Tie That Binds:. A Fundamental Unit of `Change' in Space and Time

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Beichler, James E.

2013-09-01

Why, despite all efforts to the contrary, have attempts at unification based on the supposedly more fundamental quantum theory failed miserably? The truth is that the essential idea or concept of the quantum itself has never been fully understood. What is the quantum, or rather, what is its ultimate nature? Science may be able to work adequately with the quantum; in a sense science is quite articulate in the language of the quantum, i.e., its mathematical interpretation of the quantum mechanics, but science has no idea of the true physical nature of the quantum. Scientists and philosophers have wasted energy and efforts on irrelevant issues such as the debate over determinism and indeterminism instead of carefully analyzing the physical source of the quantum. Only with a true understanding of the physical nature of the quantum will the unification of the quantum and relativity ever become a reality.

The problem of the Grand Unification Theory

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Treder, H.-J.

The evolution and fundamental questions of physical theories unifying the gravitational, electromagnetic, and quantum-mechanical interactions are explored, taking Pauli's aphorism as a motto: 'Let no man join what God has cast asunder.' The contributions of Faraday and Riemann, Lorentz, Einstein, and others are discussed, and the criterion of Pauli is applied to Grand Unification Theories (GUT) in general and to those seeking to link gravitation and electromagnetism in particular. Formal mathematical symmetry principles must be shown to have real physical relevance by predicting measurable phenomena not explainable without a GUT; these phenomena must be macroscopic because gravitational effects are to weak to be measured on the microscopic level. It is shown that empirical and theoretical studies of 'gravomagnetism', 'gravoelectricity', or possible links between gravoelectrity and the cosmic baryon assymmetry eventually lead back to basic questions which appear philosophical or purely mathematical but actually challenge physics to seek verifiable answers.

Unification of force and substance.

PubMed

Wilczek, Frank

2016-08-28

Maxwell's mature presentation of his equations emphasized the unity of electromagnetism and mechanics, subsuming both as 'dynamical systems'. That intuition of unity has proved both fruitful, as a source of pregnant concepts, and broadly inspiring. A deep aspect of Maxwell's work is its use of redundant potentials, and the associated requirement of gauge symmetry. Those concepts have become central to our present understanding of fundamental physics, but they can appear to be rather formal and esoteric. Here I discuss two things: the physical significance of gauge invariance, in broad terms; and some tantalizing prospects for further unification, building on that concept, that are visible on the horizon today. If those prospects are realized, Maxwell's vision of the unity of field and substance will be brought to a new level.This article is part of the themed issue 'Unifying physics and technology in light of Maxwell's equations'. © 2016 The Author(s).

Hyperquarks and bosonic preon bound states

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Schmid, Michael L.; Buchmann, Alfons J.

2009-11-01

In a model in which leptons, quarks, and the recently introduced hyperquarks are built up from two fundamental spin-(1/2) preons, the standard model weak gauge bosons emerge as preon bound states. In addition, the model predicts a host of new composite gauge bosons, in particular, those responsible for hyperquark and proton decay. Their presence entails a left-right symmetric extension of the standard model weak interactions and a scheme for a partial and grand unification of nongravitational interactions based on, respectively, the effective gauge groups SU(6){sub P} and SU(9){sub G}. This leads to a prediction of the Weinberg angle at lowmore » energies in good agreement with experiment. Furthermore, using evolution equations for the effective coupling strengths, we calculate the partial and grand unification scales, the hyperquark mass scale, as well as the mass and decay rate of the lightest hyperhadron.« less

Unification and mechanistic detail as drivers of model construction: models of networks in economics and sociology.

PubMed

Kuorikoski, Jaakko; Marchionni, Caterina

2014-12-01

We examine the diversity of strategies of modelling networks in (micro) economics and (analytical) sociology. Field-specific conceptions of what explaining (with) networks amounts to or systematic preference for certain kinds of explanatory factors are not sufficient to account for differences in modelling methodologies. We argue that network models in both sociology and economics are abstract models of network mechanisms and that differences in their modelling strategies derive to a large extent from field-specific conceptions of the way in which a good model should be a general one. Whereas the economics models aim at unification, the sociological models aim at a set of mechanism schemas that are extrapolatable to the extent that the underlying psychological mechanisms are general. These conceptions of generality induce specific biases in mechanistic explanation and are related to different views of when knowledge from different fields should be seen as relevant.

Particle physics in the very early universe

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Schramm, D. N.

1981-01-01

Events in the very early big bang universe in which elementary particle physics effects may have been dominant are discussed, with attention to the generation of a net baryon number by way of grand unification theory, and emphasis on the possible role of massive neutrinos in increasing current understanding of various cosmological properties and of the constraints placed on neutrino properties by cosmology. It is noted that when grand unification theories are used to describe very early universe interactions, an initially baryon-symmetrical universe can evolve a net baryon excess of 10 to the -9th to 10 to the -11th per photon, given reasonable parameters. If neutrinos have mass, the bulk of the mass of the universe may be in the form of leptons, implying that the form of matter most familiar to physical science may not be the dominant form of matter in the universe.

Parsing with logical variables (logic-based programming systems)

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Finin, T.W.; Stone Palmer, M.

1983-01-01

Logic based programming systems have enjoyed an increasing popularity in applied AI work in the last few years. One of the contributions to computational linguistics made by the logic programming paradigm has been the definite clause grammar. In comparing DCGS with previous parsing mechanisms such as ATNS, certain clear advantages are seen. The authors feel that the most important of these advantages are due to the use of logical variables with unification as the fundamental operation on them. To illustrate the power of the logical variable, they have implemented an experimental atn system which treats atn registers as logical variablesmore » and provides a unification operation over them. They aim to simultaneously encourage the use of the powerful mechanisms available in DCGS and demonstrate that some of these techniques can be captured without reference to a resolution theorem prover. 14 references.« less

From an Online Cohort towards a Community of Inquiry: International Students' Interaction Patterns in an Online Doctorate Program

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Crosta, Lucilla; Manokore, Viola; Gray, Morag

2016-01-01

The current study explored the interaction patterns of a cohort of international students in a Professional Doctorate of Higher Education program (EdD) in order to establish the extent to which (if at all) the cohort evolved into an authentic online learning community. Phase 1 of the study consisted of a retrospective audit of three out of the…

A Novel Higher Order Artificial Neural Networks

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Xu, Shuxiang

2010-05-01

In this paper a new Higher Order Neural Network (HONN) model is introduced and applied in several data mining tasks. Data Mining extracts hidden patterns and valuable information from large databases. A hyperbolic tangent function is used as the neuron activation function for the new HONN model. Experiments are conducted to demonstrate the advantages and disadvantages of the new HONN model, when compared with several conventional Artificial Neural Network (ANN) models: Feedforward ANN with the sigmoid activation function; Feedforward ANN with the hyperbolic tangent activation function; and Radial Basis Function (RBF) ANN with the Gaussian activation function. The experimental results seem to suggest that the new HONN holds higher generalization capability as well as abilities in handling missing data.

Polarization-resolved simulations of multiple-order rainbows using realistic raindrop shapes

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Haußmann, Alexander

2016-05-01

This paper presents selected results of a simulation study of the first five (primary-quinary) rainbow orders based on a realistic, size-dependent shape model for falling raindrops, taking into account that the drops' bottom part is flattened to higher degree than the dome-like top part. Moreover, broad drop size distributions are included in the simulations, as it is one goal of this paper to analyze, whether the predicted amplification and attenuation patterns for higher-order rainbows, as derived from previous simulations with monodisperse drop sizes, will still be pronounced under the conditions of natural rainfall. Secondly, deviations of the multiple rainbow orders' polarization state from the reference case of spherical drops are discussed. It is shown that each rainbow order may contain a small amount of circularly polarized light due to total internal reflections. Thirdly, it is investigated, how the conditions that generate twinned primary rainbows will affect the higher orders. For the simulations, geometric-optic ray tracing of the full Stokes vector as well as an approximate approach using appropriately shifted Debye series data is applied.

Experimental characterization of a quantum many-body system via higher-order correlations.

PubMed

Schweigler, Thomas; Kasper, Valentin; Erne, Sebastian; Mazets, Igor; Rauer, Bernhard; Cataldini, Federica; Langen, Tim; Gasenzer, Thomas; Berges, Jürgen; Schmiedmayer, Jörg

2017-05-17

Quantum systems can be characterized by their correlations. Higher-order (larger than second order) correlations, and the ways in which they can be decomposed into correlations of lower order, provide important information about the system, its structure, its interactions and its complexity. The measurement of such correlation functions is therefore an essential tool for reading, verifying and characterizing quantum simulations. Although higher-order correlation functions are frequently used in theoretical calculations, so far mainly correlations up to second order have been studied experimentally. Here we study a pair of tunnel-coupled one-dimensional atomic superfluids and characterize the corresponding quantum many-body problem by measuring correlation functions. We extract phase correlation functions up to tenth order from interference patterns and analyse whether, and under what conditions, these functions factorize into correlations of lower order. This analysis characterizes the essential features of our system, the relevant quasiparticles, their interactions and topologically distinct vacua. From our data we conclude that in thermal equilibrium our system can be seen as a quantum simulator of the sine-Gordon model, relevant for diverse disciplines ranging from particle physics to condensed matter. The measurement and evaluation of higher-order correlation functions can easily be generalized to other systems and to study correlations of any other observable such as density, spin and magnetization. It therefore represents a general method for analysing quantum many-body systems from experimental data.

Leptoquark mechanism of neutrino masses within the grand unification framework

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Doršner, Ilja; Fajfer, Svjetlana; Košnik, Nejc

2017-06-01

We demonstrate the viability of the one-loop neutrino mass mechanism within the framework of grand unification when the loop particles comprise scalar leptoquarks (LQs) and quarks of the matching electric charge. This mechanism can be implemented in both supersymmetric and non-supersymmetric models and requires the presence of at least one LQ pair. The appropriate pairs for the neutrino mass generation via the up-type and down-type quark loops are S_3-R_2 and S_{1, 3}-\\tilde{R}_2, respectively. We consider two distinct regimes for the LQ masses in our analysis. The first regime calls for very heavy LQs in the loop. It can be naturally realized with the S_{1, 3}-\\tilde{R}_2 scenarios when the LQ masses are roughly between 10^{12} and 5 × 10^{13} GeV. These lower and upper bounds originate from experimental limits on partial proton decay lifetimes and perturbativity constraints, respectively. Second regime corresponds to the collider accessible LQs in the neutrino mass loop. That option is viable for the S_3-\\tilde{R}_2 scenario in the models of unification that we discuss. If one furthermore assumes the presence of the type II see-saw mechanism there is an additional contribution from the S_3-R_2 scenario that needs to be taken into account beside the type II see-saw contribution itself. We provide a complete list of renormalizable operators that yield necessary mixing of all aforementioned LQ pairs using the language of SU(5). We furthermore discuss several possible embeddings of this mechanism in SU(5) and SO(10) gauge groups.

The fusion of MBB with VFW finally brought to completion

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1981-01-01

Two newspaper type articles describing the final, long awaited unification of the two German Air and Space companies, MBB and VFW are presented. Government participation in this "fusion" arrangement and the advantages expected to accrue are discussed.

76 FR 15209 - 150th Anniversary of the Unification of Italy, 2011

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-03-21

... millions of American women and men of Italian descent who strengthen and enrich our Nation. Italy and the..., and the universal human rights our countries both respect and uphold. As we mark this important...

Gravitational Self-Energy as the Litmus of Reality

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jones, K. R. W.

It is argued that the correct physical treatment of self-energy in Newtonian quantum gravity offers a constrained and predictive discriminator for the interpretation of ψ, and thus a clear point of departure for the unification of modern physics.

Markov models of genome segmentation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Thakur, Vivek; Azad, Rajeev K.; Ramaswamy, Ram

2007-01-01

We introduce Markov models for segmentation of symbolic sequences, extending a segmentation procedure based on the Jensen-Shannon divergence that has been introduced earlier. Higher-order Markov models are more sensitive to the details of local patterns and in application to genome analysis, this makes it possible to segment a sequence at positions that are biologically meaningful. We show the advantage of higher-order Markov-model-based segmentation procedures in detecting compositional inhomogeneity in chimeric DNA sequences constructed from genomes of diverse species, and in application to the E. coli K12 genome, boundaries of genomic islands, cryptic prophages, and horizontally acquired regions are accurately identified.

Information Compression, Multiple Alignment, and the Representation and Processing of Knowledge in the Brain

PubMed Central

Wolff, J. Gerard

2016-01-01

The SP theory of intelligence, with its realization in the SP computer model, aims to simplify and integrate observations and concepts across artificial intelligence, mainstream computing, mathematics, and human perception and cognition, with information compression as a unifying theme. This paper describes how abstract structures and processes in the theory may be realized in terms of neurons, their interconnections, and the transmission of signals between neurons. This part of the SP theory—SP-neural—is a tentative and partial model for the representation and processing of knowledge in the brain. Empirical support for the SP theory—outlined in the paper—provides indirect support for SP-neural. In the abstract part of the SP theory (SP-abstract), all kinds of knowledge are represented with patterns, where a pattern is an array of atomic symbols in one or two dimensions. In SP-neural, the concept of a “pattern” is realized as an array of neurons called a pattern assembly, similar to Hebb's concept of a “cell assembly” but with important differences. Central to the processing of information in SP-abstract is information compression via the matching and unification of patterns (ICMUP) and, more specifically, information compression via the powerful concept of multiple alignment, borrowed and adapted from bioinformatics. Processes such as pattern recognition, reasoning and problem solving are achieved via the building of multiple alignments, while unsupervised learning is achieved by creating patterns from sensory information and also by creating patterns from multiple alignments in which there is a partial match between one pattern and another. It is envisaged that, in SP-neural, short-lived neural structures equivalent to multiple alignments will be created via an inter-play of excitatory and inhibitory neural signals. It is also envisaged that unsupervised learning will be achieved by the creation of pattern assemblies from sensory information and from the neural equivalents of multiple alignments, much as in the non-neural SP theory—and significantly different from the “Hebbian” kinds of learning which are widely used in the kinds of artificial neural network that are popular in computer science. The paper discusses several associated issues, with relevant empirical evidence. PMID:27857695

A study of the palatal rugae pattern among male female and transgender population of Bhopal city

PubMed Central

Saxena, Eshani; Chandrashekhar, B. R; Hongal, Sudheer; Torwane, Nilesh; Goel, Pankaj; Mishra, Priyesh

2015-01-01

Context: Transgenders are highly disadvantaged people, deprived of adequate opportunities of earning a respectable living. The forensic literature has emphasized on two genders, male and female, the existence of a third gender (Transgenders) is almost negligible in the literature, and this makes it compulsive to determine their identity through forensic approaches at the time of disasters. Previous studies have demonstrated that no two palatal rugae pattern are alike in their configuration and this unique feature has led us to undertake a study to establish individual identities using palatal rugae pattern. Aims: The purpose of this study was to compare the palatal rugae pattern among male, female, and transgender population of the Bhopal city. Settings and Design: This study was cross sectional in nature and conducted on a convenience sample of 148 subjects selected from Bhopal city, Madhya Pradesh. The study involved 49 males, 51 females, and 48 eunuchs in the age range of 17 to 35 years. Materials and Methods: Maxillary impression using alginate impression material was made and the cast was prepared using die stone on palatal area and dental stone as a base. The palatal rugae pattern was assessed on the basis of number, length, shape, direction, and unification. Statistical Analysis Used: One way ANOVA was used for comparing the mean values between different genders. The multiple pairwise comparisons were done with the Bonferroni post hoc correction. The statistical significance was fixed at 0.05. Results: The statistically significant difference with regard to some parameters like number of rugae, fragmentary rugae, wavy rugae, curve rugae, forwardly directed, and backwardly directed rugae between transgender and other gender groups were present. Conclusion: The difference in the parameters of the palatal rugae pattern among the transgender population and the other gender group is attributed to be the genetic makeup and sexual dimorphism. PMID:26005304

Off-diagonal expansion quantum Monte Carlo

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Albash, Tameem; Wagenbreth, Gene; Hen, Itay

2017-12-01

We propose a Monte Carlo algorithm designed to simulate quantum as well as classical systems at equilibrium, bridging the algorithmic gap between quantum and classical thermal simulation algorithms. The method is based on a decomposition of the quantum partition function that can be viewed as a series expansion about its classical part. We argue that the algorithm not only provides a theoretical advancement in the field of quantum Monte Carlo simulations, but is optimally suited to tackle quantum many-body systems that exhibit a range of behaviors from "fully quantum" to "fully classical," in contrast to many existing methods. We demonstrate the advantages, sometimes by orders of magnitude, of the technique by comparing it against existing state-of-the-art schemes such as path integral quantum Monte Carlo and stochastic series expansion. We also illustrate how our method allows for the unification of quantum and classical thermal parallel tempering techniques into a single algorithm and discuss its practical significance.

Molecular imaging and the unification of multilevel mechanisms and data in medical physics.

PubMed

Nikiforidis, George C; Sakellaropoulos, George C; Kagadis, George C

2008-08-01

Molecular imaging (MI) constitutes a recently developed approach of imaging, where modalities and agents have been reinvented and used in novel combinations in order to expose and measure biologic processes occurring at molecular and cellular levels. It is an approach that bridges the gap between modalities acquiring data from high (e.g., computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and positron-emitting isotopes) and low (e.g., PCR, microarrays) levels of a biological organization. While data integration methodologies will lead to improved diagnostic and prognostic performance, interdisciplinary collaboration, triggered by MI, will result in a better perception of the underlying biological mechanisms. Toward the development of a unifying theory describing these mechanisms, medical physicists can formulate new hypotheses, provide the physical constraints bounding them, and consequently design appropriate experiments. Their new scientific and working environment calls for interventions in their syllabi to educate scientists with enhanced capabilities for holistic views and synthesis.

On the flow of a compressible fluid by the hodograph method I : unification and extension of present-day results

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Garrick, I E; Kaplan, Carl

1944-01-01

Elementary basic solutions of the equations of motion of a compressible fluid in the hodograph variables are developed and used to provide a basis for comparison, in the form of velocity correction formulas, of corresponding compressible and incompressible flows. The known approximate results of Chaplygin, Von Karman and Tsien, Temple and Yarwood, and Prandtl and Glauert are unified by means of the analysis of the present paper. Two new types of approximations, obtained from the basic solutions, are introduced; they possess certain desirable features of the other approximations and appear preferable as a basis for extrapolation into the range of high stream Mach numbers and large disturbances to the main stream. Tables and figures giving velocity and pressure-coefficient correction factors are included in order to facilitate the practical application of the results.

Beyond the standard model of particle physics.

PubMed

Virdee, T S

2016-08-28

The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN and its experiments were conceived to tackle open questions in particle physics. The mechanism of the generation of mass of fundamental particles has been elucidated with the discovery of the Higgs boson. It is clear that the standard model is not the final theory. The open questions still awaiting clues or answers, from the LHC and other experiments, include: What is the composition of dark matter and of dark energy? Why is there more matter than anti-matter? Are there more space dimensions than the familiar three? What is the path to the unification of all the fundamental forces? This talk will discuss the status of, and prospects for, the search for new particles, symmetries and forces in order to address the open questions.This article is part of the themed issue 'Unifying physics and technology in light of Maxwell's equations'. © 2016 The Author(s).

Effects of Low Anisotropy on Generalized Ghost Dark Energy in Galileon Gravity

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hossienkhani, H.; Fayaz, V.; Jafari, A.; Yousefi, H.

2018-04-01

The definition of the Galileon gravity form is extended to the Brans-Dicke theory. Given, the framework of the Galileon theory, the generalized ghost dark energy model in an anisotropic universe is investigated. We study the cosmological implications of this model. In particular, we obtain the equation of state and the deceleration parameters and a differential equation governing the evolution of this dark energy in Bianchi type I model. We also probe observational constraints by using the latest observational data on the generalized ghost dark energy models as the unification of dark matter and dark energy. In order to do so, we focus on observational determinations of the Hubble expansion rate (namely, the expansion history) H(z). As a result, we show the influence of the anisotropy (although low) on the evolution of the universe in the statefinder diagrams for Galileon gravity.

Mathematics reflecting sensorimotor organization.

PubMed

McCollum, Gin

2003-02-01

This review combines short presentations of several mathematical approaches that conceptualize issues in sensorimotor neuroscience from different perspectives and levels of analysis. The intricate organization of neural structures and sensorimotor performance calls for characterization using a variety of mathematical approaches. This review points out the prospects for mathematical neuroscience: in addition to computational approaches, there is a wide variety of mathematical approaches that provide insight into the organization of neural systems. By starting from the perspective that provides the greatest clarity, a mathematical approach avoids specificity that is inaccurate in characterizing the inherent biological organization. Approaches presented include the mathematics of ordered structures, motion-phase space, subject-coincident coordinates, equivalence classes, topological biodynamics, rhythm space metric, and conditional dynamics. Issues considered in this paper include unification of levels of analysis, response equivalence, convergence, relationship of physics to motor control, support of rhythms, state transitions, and focussing on low-dimensional subspaces of a high-dimensional sensorimotor space.

Nonuniversal gaugino masses and muon g - 2

DOE PAGES

Gogoladze, Ilia; Nasir, Fariha; Shafi, Qaisar; ...

2014-08-11

We consider two classes of supersymmetric models with nonuniversal gaugino masses at the grand unification scale M GUT in an attempt to resolve the apparent muon g-2 anomaly encountered in the Standard Model. We explore two distinct scenarios, one in which all gaugino masses have the same sign at M GUT, and a second case with opposite sign gaugino masses. The sfermion masses in both cases are assumed to be universal at M GUT. We exploit the nonuniversality among gaugino masses to realize large mass splitting between the colored and noncolored sfermions. Thus, the sleptons can have masses in themore » few hundred GeV range, whereas the colored sparticles turn out to be an order of magnitude or so heavier. In both models the resolution of the muon g-2 anomaly is compatible, among other things, with a 125–126 GeV Higgs boson mass and the WMAP dark matter bounds.« less

A Continuing Search for a Near-Perfect Numerical Flux Scheme. Part 1; [AUSM+

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Liou, Meng-Sing

1994-01-01

While enjoying demonstrated improvement in accuracy, efficiency, and robustness over existing schemes, the Advection Upstream Splitting Scheme (AUSM) was found to have some deficiencies in extreme cases. This recent progress towards improving the AUSM while retaining its advantageous features is described. The new scheme, termed AUSM+, features: unification of velocity and Mach number splitting; exact capture of a single stationary shock; and improvement in accuracy. A general construction of the AUSM+ scheme is layed out and then focus is on the analysis of the a scheme and its mathematical properties, heretofore unreported. Monotonicity and positivity are proved, and a CFL-like condition is given for first and second order schemes and for generalized curvilinear co-ordinates. Finally, results of numerical tests on many problems are given to confirm the capability and improvements on a variety of problems including those failed by prominent schemes.

Off-diagonal expansion quantum Monte Carlo.

PubMed

Albash, Tameem; Wagenbreth, Gene; Hen, Itay

2017-12-01

We propose a Monte Carlo algorithm designed to simulate quantum as well as classical systems at equilibrium, bridging the algorithmic gap between quantum and classical thermal simulation algorithms. The method is based on a decomposition of the quantum partition function that can be viewed as a series expansion about its classical part. We argue that the algorithm not only provides a theoretical advancement in the field of quantum Monte Carlo simulations, but is optimally suited to tackle quantum many-body systems that exhibit a range of behaviors from "fully quantum" to "fully classical," in contrast to many existing methods. We demonstrate the advantages, sometimes by orders of magnitude, of the technique by comparing it against existing state-of-the-art schemes such as path integral quantum Monte Carlo and stochastic series expansion. We also illustrate how our method allows for the unification of quantum and classical thermal parallel tempering techniques into a single algorithm and discuss its practical significance.

Maximum one-shot dissipated work from Rényi divergences

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yunger Halpern, Nicole; Garner, Andrew J. P.; Dahlsten, Oscar C. O.; Vedral, Vlatko

2018-05-01

Thermodynamics describes large-scale, slowly evolving systems. Two modern approaches generalize thermodynamics: fluctuation theorems, which concern finite-time nonequilibrium processes, and one-shot statistical mechanics, which concerns small scales and finite numbers of trials. Combining these approaches, we calculate a one-shot analog of the average dissipated work defined in fluctuation contexts: the cost of performing a protocol in finite time instead of quasistatically. The average dissipated work has been shown to be proportional to a relative entropy between phase-space densities, to a relative entropy between quantum states, and to a relative entropy between probability distributions over possible values of work. We derive one-shot analogs of all three equations, demonstrating that the order-infinity Rényi divergence is proportional to the maximum possible dissipated work in each case. These one-shot analogs of fluctuation-theorem results contribute to the unification of these two toolkits for small-scale, nonequilibrium statistical physics.

Maximum one-shot dissipated work from Rényi divergences.

PubMed

Yunger Halpern, Nicole; Garner, Andrew J P; Dahlsten, Oscar C O; Vedral, Vlatko

2018-05-01

Thermodynamics describes large-scale, slowly evolving systems. Two modern approaches generalize thermodynamics: fluctuation theorems, which concern finite-time nonequilibrium processes, and one-shot statistical mechanics, which concerns small scales and finite numbers of trials. Combining these approaches, we calculate a one-shot analog of the average dissipated work defined in fluctuation contexts: the cost of performing a protocol in finite time instead of quasistatically. The average dissipated work has been shown to be proportional to a relative entropy between phase-space densities, to a relative entropy between quantum states, and to a relative entropy between probability distributions over possible values of work. We derive one-shot analogs of all three equations, demonstrating that the order-infinity Rényi divergence is proportional to the maximum possible dissipated work in each case. These one-shot analogs of fluctuation-theorem results contribute to the unification of these two toolkits for small-scale, nonequilibrium statistical physics.

INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SEMICONDUCTOR INJECTION LASERS SELCO-87: Far-field pattern of transverse modes in LOC structures

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Petrescu-Prahova, I. B.; Lazanu, S.; Lepşa, M.; Mihailovici, P.

1988-11-01

An investigation was made of the emission from GaAlAs large-optical-cavity (LOC) laser heterostructures with an active layer more than 2 μm thick. The far-field radiation pattern, representing a superposition of the fundamental and several higher-order transverse modes, had a central maximum. The gain, mirror losses, near- and far-field patterns of each propagation mode, as well as mode competition were analyzed on the basis of a simple model. The far-field pattern of single modes was determined by selecting separate spectral intervals from the total emission spectrum of the laser.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Yan, Pei-Yang; Zhang, Guojing; Gullickson, Eric M.

Extreme ultraviolet lithography (EUVL) mask multi-layer (ML) blank surface roughness specification historically comes from blank defect inspection tool requirement. Later, new concerns on ML surface roughness induced wafer pattern line width roughness (LWR) arise. In this paper, we have studied wafer level pattern LWR as a function of EUVL mask surface roughness via High-NA Actinic Reticle Review Tool. We found that the blank surface roughness induced LWR at current blank roughness level is in the order of 0.5nm 3σ for NA=0.42 at the best focus. At defocus of ±40nm, the corresponding LWR will be 0.2nm higher. Further reducing EUVL maskmore » blank surface roughness will increase the blank cost with limited benefit in improving the pattern LWR, provided that the intrinsic resist LWR is in the order of 1nm and above.« less

Dietary patterns associated with overweight among Brazilian adolescents.

PubMed

Borges, Camila Aparecida; Marchioni, Dirce Maria Lobo; Levy, Renata Bertazzi; Slater, Betzabeth

2018-04-01

The present study aims to identify the dietary patterns of adolescents and associate these patterns with overweight. We analyzed food-consumption data from 6784 adolescents in the age group 10-18 years old collected in the Household Budget Survey 2008-2009. Dietary patterns were assessed through exploratory factor analysis. Logistic regression models were used in order to associate dietary patterns with overweight. Four dietary patterns were recorded: Traditional Brazilian Pattern, Snacks Pattern, Fast Food Pattern, and the Milk, Fruit and Cereal Breakfast Pattern. Results were adjusted according to the sociodemographic variables and showed that the higher the adherence to Snacks (OR: 1.50 fifth quintile vs first (95% CI: 1.13, 1.99) p linear trend <0.001) and Fast Food patterns (OR: 1.55 fifth quintile vs first (95% CI = 1.12, 2.12) p linear trend <0.001), the higher the chances of becoming overweight. These data indicate that the local public health and nutrition policies focused on adolescents should be more attentive to the eating habits of this population in Brazil, since the current research related regular poor nutritional quality dietary patterns to increased overweight among adolescents. In addition, understanding adolescents' eating habits according to their dietary patterns may guide the development of healthy dietary recommendations based on the combination between food and food groups, rather than only on nutrients or nutritional adequacy. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Generating high-peak-power structured lights in selectively pumped passively Q-switched lasers with astigmatic mode transformations

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chang, C. C.; Hsieh, Y. H.; Lee, C. Y.; Sung, C. L.; Tuan, P. H.; Tung, J. C.; Liang, H. C.; Chen, Y. F.

2017-12-01

Various high-order Hermite-Gaussian (HG) modes with high repetition rates and high peak powers are systematically generated by designing the cavity configuration to satisfy the criterion of the passive Q-switching. For the HG m,0 modes with the order m  =  1-9, the pulse repetition rate can exceed 100 kHz with peak power higher than 0.3 kW. For the HG m,m modes with the order m  =  1-10, the pulse repetition rate can be up to 37 kHz with peak power higher than 0.35 kW. Furthermore, the high-order HG beams is transformed by using an astigmatic mode converter to generate various structured lights with optical vortices. Experimental patterns of the transformed high-order HG beams in the propagation are theoretically analyzed and the phase structures are numerically manifested.

Algebraic Topology of Multi-Brain Connectivity Networks Reveals Dissimilarity in Functional Patterns during Spoken Communications

PubMed Central

Tadić, Bosiljka; Andjelković, Miroslav; Boshkoska, Biljana Mileva; Levnajić, Zoran

2016-01-01

Human behaviour in various circumstances mirrors the corresponding brain connectivity patterns, which are suitably represented by functional brain networks. While the objective analysis of these networks by graph theory tools deepened our understanding of brain functions, the multi-brain structures and connections underlying human social behaviour remain largely unexplored. In this study, we analyse the aggregate graph that maps coordination of EEG signals previously recorded during spoken communications in two groups of six listeners and two speakers. Applying an innovative approach based on the algebraic topology of graphs, we analyse higher-order topological complexes consisting of mutually interwoven cliques of a high order to which the identified functional connections organise. Our results reveal that the topological quantifiers provide new suitable measures for differences in the brain activity patterns and inter-brain synchronisation between speakers and listeners. Moreover, the higher topological complexity correlates with the listener’s concentration to the story, confirmed by self-rating, and closeness to the speaker’s brain activity pattern, which is measured by network-to-network distance. The connectivity structures of the frontal and parietal lobe consistently constitute distinct clusters, which extend across the listener’s group. Formally, the topology quantifiers of the multi-brain communities exceed the sum of those of the participating individuals and also reflect the listener’s rated attributes of the speaker and the narrated subject. In the broader context, the presented study exposes the relevance of higher topological structures (besides standard graph measures) for characterising functional brain networks under different stimuli. PMID:27880802

Maritime Security and the Strait of Malacca: A Strategic Analysis

DTIC Science & Technology

2006-06-16

Combating Terrorism MAA Monitoring and Action Agencies MCA Malaysian Chinese Association MFG Manila Framework Group MIC Malaysian Indian...of racial tensions that inhibited successful unification. Malaysian Prime Minister Abdul Rahman, and his next three successors were all politically...

Taoistic Psychology of Creativity.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kuo, You-Yuh

1996-01-01

This article reinterprets the philosophy of Taoism and applies it to creativity. Taoistic cognition is described as intuition or personal knowledge. Taoistic creativity is explained as involving incubation, syntectic thinking, and the unification through opposites. Dialectical thinking, Taoistic meditation and intuition, and symbolic thinking are…

Higher Order Crossings from a Parametric Family of Linear Filters

DTIC Science & Technology

1989-09-01

ultrasound echo signatures obtained from bonded aluminum specimens that underwent different surface treatment prior to bonding. To measure de- viation from...feature of their adaptation to aquatic existence (Schevill and Watkins (1962).) Tracking and identification of distinctive whistle patterns of whales

Nekton use of intertidal creek edges in low salinity salt marshes of the Yangtze River estuary along a stream-order gradient

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jin, Binsong; Qin, Haiming; Xu, Wang; Wu, Jihua; Zhong, Junsheng; Lei, Guangchun; Chen, Jiakuan; Fu, Cuizhang

2010-07-01

Non-vegetated creek edges were investigated to explore spatial nekton use patterns in a low salinity intertidal salt marsh creek network of the Yangtze River estuary along a stream-order gradient with four creek orders. Non-vegetated creek edges were arbitrarily defined as the approximately 3 m extending from the creek bank (the marsh-creek interface) into open water. Nekton was sampled using seine nets during daytime high slack water during spring tides for two or three days each in May through July 2008. Twenty-three nekton species (16 fishes and 7 crustaceans) were caught during the study. Fishes were dominated by gobies ( Mugilogobius abei, Periophthalmus magnuspinnatus, Periophthalmus modestus, Synechogobius ommaturus), mullets ( Chelon haematocheilus, Liza affinis) and Chinese sea bass ( Lateolabrax maculatus). Crustaceans were dominated by mud crab ( Helice tientsinensis) and white prawn ( Exopalaemon carinicauda). Rank abundance curves revealed higher evenness of nekton assemblages in lower-order creeks compared to higher-order creeks. Fish abundance tended to increase with increasing creek order. Crustacean abundance was higher in the first-third order creeks than in the fourth-order creek. Dominant nekton species displayed various trends in abundance and length-frequency distributions along the stream-order gradient. The spatial separation of nekton assemblages between the first-third order creeks and the fourth-order creek could be attributed to geomorphological factors (distance to mouth and cross-sectional area). These findings indicate that both lower- and higher-order creek edges play important yet different roles for nekton species and life history stages in salt marshes.

On the Unification of Psychology, Methodology, and Pedagogy.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wettersten, John

1987-01-01

The psychological and methodological bases of the Agassi teaching method are described to provide a context for evaluating the theory. A brief history of Selzian psychology and Popper's methodology is given. The Agassi method, which stresses learning through questioning, is detailed. (JL)

The geobiosphere emergy baseline: A synthesis.

EPA Science Inventory

The concept of emergy defined as the available energy (or exergy) of one form used up directly and indirectly to produce an item or action (Odum, Environmental Accounting Emergy and Environmental Decision Making, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1996) requires the specification of a unif...

Panoramic Scanning: Essential Element of Higher-Order Thought.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ambrose, Don

1996-01-01

Panoramic scanning is the capacity to perceive, interpret, and appreciate complex problems from a big-picture vantage point. Barriers to panoramic scanning (sensory bombardment, superficial polarized thought, and tunnel vision) and facilitators (broad interests and knowledge, pattern finding, and connection-making skills) are identified. Educators…

Chronnectome fingerprinting: Identifying individuals and predicting higher cognitive functions using dynamic brain connectivity patterns.

PubMed

Liu, Jin; Liao, Xuhong; Xia, Mingrui; He, Yong

2018-02-01

The human brain is a large, interacting dynamic network, and its architecture of coupling among brain regions varies across time (termed the "chronnectome"). However, very little is known about whether and how the dynamic properties of the chronnectome can characterize individual uniqueness, such as identifying individuals as a "fingerprint" of the brain. Here, we employed multiband resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data from the Human Connectome Project (N = 105) and a sliding time-window dynamic network analysis approach to systematically examine individual time-varying properties of the chronnectome. We revealed stable and remarkable individual variability in three dynamic characteristics of brain connectivity (i.e., strength, stability, and variability), which was mainly distributed in three higher order cognitive systems (i.e., default mode, dorsal attention, and fronto-parietal) and in two primary systems (i.e., visual and sensorimotor). Intriguingly, the spatial patterns of these dynamic characteristics of brain connectivity could successfully identify individuals with high accuracy and could further significantly predict individual higher cognitive performance (e.g., fluid intelligence and executive function), which was primarily contributed by the higher order cognitive systems. Together, our findings highlight that the chronnectome captures inherent functional dynamics of individual brain networks and provides implications for individualized characterization of health and disease. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Rogue waves in the Davey-Stewartson I equation.

PubMed

Ohta, Yasuhiro; Yang, Jianke

2012-09-01

General rogue waves in the Davey-Stewartson-I equation are derived by the bilinear method. It is shown that the simplest (fundamental) rogue waves are line rogue waves which arise from the constant background with a line profile and then disappear into the constant background again. It is also shown that multirogue waves describe the interaction of several fundamental rogue waves. These multirogue waves also arise from the constant background and then decay back to it, but in the intermediate times, interesting curvy wave patterns appear. However, higher-order rogue waves exhibit different dynamics. Specifically, only part of the wave structure in the higher-order rogue waves rises from the constant background and then retreats back to it, and this transient wave possesses patterns such as parabolas. But the other part of the wave structure comes from the far distance as a localized lump, which decelerates to the near field and interacts with the transient rogue wave, and is then reflected back and accelerates to the large distance again.

Pushing HTCondor and glideinWMS to 200K+ Jobs in a Global Pool for CMS before Run 2

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Balcas, J.; Belforte, S.; Bockelman, B.; Gutsche, O.; Khan, F.; Larson, K.; Letts, J.; Mascheroni, M.; Mason, D.; McCrea, A.; Saiz-Santos, M.; Sfiligoi, I.

2015-12-01

The CMS experiment at the LHC relies on HTCondor and glideinWMS as its primary batch and pilot-based Grid provisioning system. So far we have been running several independent resource pools, but we are working on unifying them all to reduce the operational load and more effectively share resources between various activities in CMS. The major challenge of this unification activity is scale. The combined pool size is expected to reach 200K job slots, which is significantly bigger than any other multi-user HTCondor based system currently in production. To get there we have studied scaling limitations in our existing pools, the biggest of which tops out at about 70K slots, providing valuable feedback to the development communities, who have responded by delivering improvements which have helped us reach higher and higher scales with more stability. We have also worked on improving the organization and support model for this critical service during Run 2 of the LHC. This contribution will present the results of the scale testing and experiences from the first months of running the Global Pool.

Disagreeing on Whether Agreement Is Persuasive: Perceptions of Expert Group Decisions

PubMed Central

Votruba, Ashley M.; Kwan, Virginia S. Y.

2015-01-01

While expert groups often make recommendations on a range of non-controversial as well as controversial issues, little is known about how the level of expert consensus—the level of expert agreement—influences perceptions of the recommendations. This research illustrates that for non-controversial issues expert groups that exhibit high levels of agreement are more persuasive than expert groups that exhibit low levels of agreement. This effect is mediated by the perceived entitativity—the perceived cohesiveness or unification of the group—of the expert group. But for controversial issues, this effect is moderated by the perceivers’ implicit assumptions about the group composition. When perceivers are provided no information about a group supporting the Affordable Care Act—a highly controversial piece of U.S. legislation that is divided by political party throughout the country—higher levels of agreement are less persuasive than lower levels of agreement because participants assume there were more democrats and fewer republicans in the group. But when explicitly told that the group was half republicans and half democrats, higher levels of agreement are more persuasive. PMID:25811384

Disagreeing on whether agreement is persuasive: perceptions of expert group decisions.

PubMed

Votruba, Ashley M; Kwan, Virginia S Y

2015-01-01

While expert groups often make recommendations on a range of non-controversial as well as controversial issues, little is known about how the level of expert consensus-the level of expert agreement-influences perceptions of the recommendations. This research illustrates that for non-controversial issues expert groups that exhibit high levels of agreement are more persuasive than expert groups that exhibit low levels of agreement. This effect is mediated by the perceived entitativity-the perceived cohesiveness or unification of the group-of the expert group. But for controversial issues, this effect is moderated by the perceivers' implicit assumptions about the group composition. When perceivers are provided no information about a group supporting the Affordable Care Act-a highly controversial piece of U.S. legislation that is divided by political party throughout the country-higher levels of agreement are less persuasive than lower levels of agreement because participants assume there were more democrats and fewer republicans in the group. But when explicitly told that the group was half republicans and half democrats, higher levels of agreement are more persuasive.

Connectivity strategies for higher-order neural networks applied to pattern recognition

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Spirkovska, Lilly; Reid, Max B.

1990-01-01

Different strategies for non-fully connected HONNs (higher-order neural networks) are discussed, showing that by using such strategies an input field of 128 x 128 pixels can be attained while still achieving in-plane rotation and translation-invariant recognition. These techniques allow HONNs to be used with the larger input scenes required for practical pattern-recognition applications. The number of interconnections that must be stored has been reduced by a factor of approximately 200,000 in a T/C case and about 2000 in a Space Shuttle/F-18 case by using regional connectivity. Third-order networks have been simulated using several connection strategies. The method found to work best is regional connectivity. The main advantages of this strategy are the following: (1) it considers features of various scales within the image and thus gets a better sample of what the image looks like; (2) it is invariant to shape-preserving geometric transformations, such as translation and rotation; (3) the connections are predetermined so that no extra computations are necessary during run time; and (4) it does not require any extra storage for recording which connections were formed.

Parental Child-Rearing Conflicts Through Adolescence: Trajectories and Associations With Child Characteristics and Externalizing Patterns.

PubMed

Helland, Maren S; Kjeldsen, Anne; von Soest, Tilmann; Røysamb, Espen; Gustavson, Kristin; Nilsen, Wendy

2017-06-01

Research on longitudinal interparental conflict patterns and offspring development is scarce. The population-based TOPP study (N = 459) was used to investigate (1) child-rearing conflict trajectories through four time points during childhood and adolescence (ages 8-16), and (2) associations between conflict trajectories and child characteristics (i.e., birth order, gender, externalizing patterns from early childhood). Latent profile analysis identified six distinct trajectories. Conflict levels decreased for most respondents over the adolescent offspring period, but offspring's birth order and externalizing problems were related to less typical trajectories and higher levels of conflict. Onset of externalizing problems was of additional importance for the course of parental child-rearing conflicts. The results highlight the perception of the whole family as an interwoven system. © 2017 The Authors. Journal of Research on Adolescence © 2017 Society for Research on Adolescence.

Understanding EUV mask blank surface roughness induced LWR and associated roughness requirement

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yan, Pei-Yang; Zhang, Guojing; Gullikson, Eric M.; Goldberg, Ken A.; Benk, Markus P.

2015-03-01

Extreme ultraviolet lithography (EUVL) mask multi-layer (ML) blank surface roughness specification historically comes from blank defect inspection tool requirement. Later, new concerns on ML surface roughness induced wafer pattern line width roughness (LWR) arise. In this paper, we have studied wafer level pattern LWR as a function of EUVL mask surface roughness via High-NA Actinic Reticle Review Tool. We found that the blank surface roughness induced LWR at current blank roughness level is in the order of 0.5nm 3σ for NA=0.42 at the best focus. At defocus of ±40nm, the corresponding LWR will be 0.2nm higher. Further reducing EUVL mask blank surface roughness will increase the blank cost with limited benefit in improving the pattern LWR, provided that the intrinsic resist LWR is in the order of 1nm and above.

Muon g -2 in an alternative quasi-Yukawa unification with a less fine-tuned seesaw mechanism

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Altın, Zafer; Ã-zdal, Ã.-zer; Ün, Cem Salih

2018-03-01

We explore the low-scale implications of the Pati-Salam Model including the TeV scale right-handed neutrinos interacting and mixing with the MSSM fields through the inverse seesaw (IS) mechanism in light of the muon anomalous magnetic moment (muon g -2 ) resolution and highlight the solutions which are compatible with the quasi-Yukawa unification condition (QYU). We find that the presence of the right-handed neutrinos causes heavy smuons as mμ ˜≳800 GeV in order to avoid tachyonic staus at the low scale. On the other hand, the sneutrinos can be as light as about 100 GeV, and along with the light charginos of mass ≲400 GeV , they can yield such large contributions to muon g -2 that the discrepancy between the experiment and the theory can be resolved. These solutions also require mχ˜1 ±≲400 GeV and mχ˜10≲200 . We also discuss such light chargino and neutralino along with the light stau (mτ ˜≳200 GeV ) in the light of current LHC results. Besides, the gluino mass lies in a range ˜[2.5 - 3.5 ] TeV , which is tested in near future experiments. In addition, the model predicts relatively light Higgsinos (μ ≲700 GeV ); hence, the second chargino mass is also light enough (≲700 GeV ) to contribute to muon g -2 . Light Higgsinos also yield less fine-tuning at the electroweak scale, and the regions compatible with muon g -2 restrict ΔEW≲100 strictly, and this region also satisfies the QYU condition. In addition, the ratios among the Yukawa couplings should be 1.8 ≲yt/yb≲2.6 , yτ/yb˜1.3 to yield correct fermion masses. Even though the right-handed neutrino Yukawa coupling can be varied freely, the solutions bound its range to 0.8 ≲yν/yb≲1.7 .

Suzaku observations of γ-ray bright radio galaxies: Origin of the x-ray emission and broadband modeling

DOE PAGES

Fukazawa, Yasushi; Finke, Justin; Stawarz, Łukasz; ...

2014-12-24

Here, we performed a systematic X-ray study of eight nearby γ-ray bright radio galaxies with Suzaku in order to understand the origins of their X-ray emissions. The Suzaku spectra for five of those have been presented previously, while the remaining three (M87, PKS 0625–354, and 3C 78) are presented here for the first time. Based on the Fe-K line strength, X-ray variability, and X-ray power-law photon indices, and using additional information on the [O III] line emission, we argue for a jet origin of the observed X-ray emission in these three sources. We also analyzed five years of Fermi Largemore » Area Telescope (LAT) GeV gamma-ray data on PKS 0625–354 and 3C 78 to understand these sources within the blazar paradigm. We found significant γ-ray variability in the former object. Overall, we note that the Suzaku spectra for both PKS 0625–354 and 3C 78 are rather soft, while the LAT spectra are unusually hard when compared with other γ-ray detected low-power (FR I) radio galaxies. We demonstrate that the constructed broadband spectral energy distributions of PKS 0625–354 and 3C 78 are well described by a one-zone synchrotron/synchrotron self-Compton model. The results of the modeling indicate lower bulk Lorentz factors compared to those typically found in other BL Lacertae (BL Lac) objects, but consistent with the values inferred from modeling other LAT-detected FR I radio galaxies. Interestingly, the modeling also implies very high peak (~10 16 Hz) synchrotron frequencies in the two analyzed sources, contrary to previously suggested scenarios for Fanaroff-Riley (FR) type I/BL Lac unification. Finally, we discuss the implications of our findings in the context of the FR I/BL Lac unification schemes.« less

Implications of the CMS search for W R on grand unification

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bandyopadhyay, Triparno; Brahmachari, Biswajoy; Raychaudhuri, Amitava

2016-02-01

The CMS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider has reported a 2.8σ excess in the (2 e)(2 jets) channel around 2.1 TeV. Interpretation of this data is reconsidered in terms of the production of a right-handed weak gauge boson, W R , of the left-right symmetric model and in an SO(10) grand unified theory abiding by the Extended Survival Hypothesis. The left-right symmetric model can be consistent with this excess if (a) the heavy right-handed neutrino has a mass near W R , or (b) if g L ≠ g R , or (c) the right-handed CKM matrix is nontrivial. Combinations of the above possibilities are also viable. A W R with a mass in the TeV region if embedded in SO(10) is not compatible with g L = g R . Rather, it implies 0 .64 ≤ g R /g L ≤ 0 .78. Further, a unique symmetry-breaking route — the order being left-right discrete symmetry breaking first, followed by SU(4) C and finally SU(2) R — to the standard model is picked out. The L ↔ R discrete symmetry has to be broken at around 1016 GeV. The grand unification scale is pushed to 1018 GeV making the detection of proton decay in ongoing searches rather unlikely. The SU(4) C breaking scale can be at its allowed lower limit of 106 GeV so that n-overline{n} oscillation or flavour changing processes such as K L → μe and B d,s → μe may be detectable. The Higgs scalar multiplets responsible for SO(10) symmetry breaking at various stages are uniquely identified so long as one adheres to a minimalist principle. We also remark, en passant, about a partially unified Pati-Salam model.

Artificial intelligence on the identification of risk groups for osteoporosis, a general review.

PubMed

Cruz, Agnaldo S; Lins, Hertz C; Medeiros, Ricardo V A; Filho, José M F; da Silva, Sandro G

2018-01-29

The goal of this paper is to present a critical review on the main systems that use artificial intelligence to identify groups at risk for osteoporosis or fractures. The systems considered for this study were those that fulfilled the following requirements: range of coverage in diagnosis, low cost and capability to identify more significant somatic factors. A bibliographic research was done in the databases, PubMed, IEEExplorer Latin American and Caribbean Center on Health Sciences Information (LILACS), Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE), Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Scopus, Web of Science, and Science Direct searching the terms "Neural Network", "Osteoporosis Machine Learning" and "Osteoporosis Neural Network". Studies with titles not directly related to the research topic and older data that reported repeated strategies were excluded. The search was carried out with the descriptors in German, Spanish, French, Italian, Mandarin, Portuguese and English; but only studies written in English were found to meet the established criteria. Articles covering the period 2000-2017 were selected; however, articles prior to this period with great relevance were included in this study. Based on the collected research, it was identified that there are several methods in the use of artificial intelligence to help the screening of risk groups of osteoporosis or fractures. However, such systems were limited to a specific ethnic group, gender or age. For future research, new challenges are presented. It is necessary to develop research with the unification of different databases and grouping of the various attributes and clinical factors, in order to reach a greater comprehensiveness in the identification of risk groups of osteoporosis. For this purpose, the use of any predictive tool should be performed in different populations with greater participation of male patients and inclusion of a larger age range for the ones involved. The biggest challenge is to deal with all the data complexity generated by this unification, developing evidence-based standards for the evaluation of the most significant risk factors.

CARINA data synthesis project: pH data scale unification and cruise adjustments

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Velo, A.; Pérez, F. F.; Lin, X.; Key, R. M.; Tanhua, T.; de La Paz, M.; Olsen, A.; van Heuven, S.; Jutterström, S.; Ríos, A. F.

2010-05-01

Data on carbon and carbon-relevant hydrographic and hydrochemical parameters from 188 previously non-publicly available cruise data sets in the Artic Mediterranean Seas (AMS), Atlantic Ocean and Southern Ocean have been retrieved and merged to a new database: CARINA (CARbon IN the Atlantic Ocean). These data have gone through rigorous quality control (QC) procedures to assure the highest possible quality and consistency. The data for most of the measured parameters in the CARINA database were objectively examined in order to quantify systematic differences in the reported values. Systematic biases found in the data have been corrected in the data products, three merged data files with measured, calculated and interpolated data for each of the three CARINA regions; AMS, Atlantic Ocean and Southern Ocean. Out of a total of 188 cruise entries in the CARINA database, 59 reported pH measured values. All reported pH data have been unified to the Sea-Water Scale (SWS) at 25 °C. Here we present details of the secondary QC of pH in the CARINA database and the scale unification to SWS at 25 °C. The pH scale has been converted for 36 cruises. Procedures of quality control, including crossover analysis between cruises and inversion analysis are described. Adjustments were applied to the pH values for 21 of the cruises in the CARINA dataset. With these adjustments the CARINA database is consistent both internally as well as with the GLODAP data, an oceanographic data set based on the World Hydrographic Program in the 1990s. Based on our analysis we estimate the internal consistency of the CARINA pH data to be 0.005 pH units. The CARINA data are now suitable for accurate assessments of, for example, oceanic carbon inventories and uptake rates, for ocean acidification assessment and for model validation.

Spatial and temporal microbial pollution patterns in a tropical estuary during high and low river flow conditions.

PubMed

Wiegner, T N; Edens, C J; Abaya, L M; Carlson, K M; Lyon-Colbert, A; Molloy, S L

2017-01-30

Spatial and temporal patterns of coastal microbial pollution are not well documented. Our study examined these patterns through measurements of fecal indicator bacteria (FIB), nutrients, and physiochemical parameters in Hilo Bay, Hawai'i, during high and low river flow. >40% of samples tested positive for the human-associated Bacteroides marker, with highest percentages near rivers. Other FIB were also higher near rivers, but only Clostridium perfringens concentrations were related to discharge. During storms, FIB concentrations were three times to an order of magnitude higher, and increased with decreasing salinity and water temperature, and increasing turbidity. These relationships and high spatial resolution data for these parameters were used to create Enterococcus spp. and C. perfringens maps that predicted exceedances with 64% and 95% accuracy, respectively. Mapping microbial pollution patterns and predicting exceedances is a valuable tool that can improve water quality monitoring and aid in visualizing FIB hotspots for management actions. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Learning Cue Phrase Patterns from Radiology Reports Using a Genetic Algorithm

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Patton, Robert M; Beckerman, Barbara G; Potok, Thomas E

2009-01-01

Various computer-assisted technologies have been developed to assist radiologists in detecting cancer; however, the algorithms still lack high degrees of sensitivity and specificity, and must undergo machine learning against a training set with known pathologies in order to further refine the algorithms with higher validity of truth. This work describes an approach to learning cue phrase patterns in radiology reports that utilizes a genetic algorithm (GA) as the learning method. The approach described here successfully learned cue phrase patterns for two distinct classes of radiology reports. These patterns can then be used as a basis for automatically categorizing, clustering, ormore » retrieving relevant data for the user.« less

[Dietary patterns in college freshmen and its relation to bone mineral density].

PubMed

Wang, Sufang; Mu, Min; Zhao, Yan; Wang, Xiaoqin; Shu, Long; Li, Qingyan; Li, Yingchun

2012-07-01

In order to investigate the bone density of freshmen, and to analyze the association between dietary pattern and bone mineral density (BMD). A questionnaire survey on the situation of dietary pattern was conducted in 1414 freshmen. Effective dietary survey questionnaires and bone mineral density measurements were completed for 1319 participants. Bone mass was assessed by using an Ultrasound Bone Densitometer on the right calcaneus (CM-200, Furuno Electric Corporation, Japan), and the speed of sound (SOS, m/s) was used as an indicator for bone density. Factor analysis with varimax rotation was used to identify the dietary patterns. After adjusting for confounders, covariance with Bonferroni's was used to further examine the associations between dietary patterns and bone mineral density (BMD). (1) Four major dietary patterns were noticed. Western food pattern (high consumption in hamburger, fried food, nuts, biscuit, chocolate, cola, coffee, sugars). Animal protein pattern (high consumption in pork, mutton, beef, poultry meat, animal liver). Calcium pattern (high consumption in fresh fruits, eggs, fish and shrimps, kelp laver and sea fish, milk and dairy products, beans and bean products). Traditional Chinese pattern (high consumption in rice and grain, fresh fruits, fresh vegetables, pork). (2) No association was observed between the western food pattern and bone mineral density. High animal protein pattern showed lower SOS value compared with low animal protein pattern. High calcium pattern showed higher SOS value compared with low calcium pattern. High traditional Chinese pattern showed higher SOS value compared with the low traditional Chinese pattern. Dietary patterns are closely related with bone mineral density (BMD) of freshmen.

The lithographer's dilemma: shrinking without breaking the bank

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Levinson, Harry J.

2013-10-01

It can no longer be assumed that the lithographic scaling which has previously driven Moore's Law will lead in the future to reduced cost per transistor. Until recently, higher prices for lithography tools were offset by improvements in scanner productivity. The necessity of using double patterning to extend scaling beyond the single exposure resolution limit of optical lithography has resulted in a sharp increase in the cost of patterning a critical construction layer that has not been offset by improvements in exposure tool productivity. Double patterning has also substantially increased the cost of mask sets. EUV lithography represents a single patterning option, but the combination of very high exposure tools prices, moderate throughput, high maintenance costs, and expensive mask blanks makes this a solution more expensive than optical double patterning but less expensive than triple patterning. Directed self-assembly (DSA) could potentially improve wafer costs, but this technology currently is immature. There are also design layout and process integration issues associated with DSA that need to be solved in order to obtain full benefit from tighter pitches. There are many approaches for improving the cost effectiveness of lithography. Innovative double patterning schemes lead to smaller die. EUV lithography productivity can be improved with higher power light sources and improved reliability. There are many technical and business challenges for extending EUV lithography to higher numerical apertures. Efficient contact hole and cut mask solutions are needed, as well as very tight overlay control, regardless of lithographic solution.

Readout characteristics of a minute aperture-mounted optical head slider flying above a submicron wide metal patterned medium track

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ohkubo, Toshifumi; Hirota, Terunao; Oumi, Manabu; Hirata, Masakazu; Nakajima, Kunio

2004-10-01

Advances in a digital network society require both higher densities and higher transfer rates in all sorts of storage devices. In optical recording, the trend toward higher recording density and larger storage capacity requires novel surface recording technologies that would drastically improve recording density. To satisfy these severe requirements, we have already proposed a compact integrated optical head slider assembly for proximity optical recording based on the "near field principle". Using the optical head slider, we have successfully demonstrated readout signals from 200 to 150-nm-long bit patterns at frequency bands up to approximately 10 MHz. However, from the practical point of view, it is quite necessary to evaluate readout signals from patterns of smaller (sub-micron to sub-sub-micron) track width in order to prove high-density recording potential. In this paper, we have investigated tracking accuracy characteristics utilizing sub-micron sized alternate patterns of 1-mm length formed in a straight line in the circumferential direction of the medium. Arranging precisely the head's relative position to these recorded patterns, we have successfully obtained readout signals just crossing the sub-micron line-and-space pattern's boundaries. Assuming that an aperture runs along an accurate trajectory of the arc of a circle, readout signal amplitude variations when crossing the pattern edge at a right angle have precisely predicted. Also, the influences of track width on maximum readout signal intensity and tracking sensitivity are discussed in detail.

Balkanization and Unification of Probabilistic Inferences

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Yu, Chong-Ho

2005-01-01

Many research-related classes in social sciences present probability as a unified approach based upon mathematical axioms, but neglect the diversity of various probability theories and their associated philosophical assumptions. Although currently the dominant statistical and probabilistic approach is the Fisherian tradition, the use of Fisherian…

An International Aerospace Information System: A Cooperative Opportunity.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Blados, Walter R.; Cotter, Gladys A.

1992-01-01

Introduces and discusses ideas and issues relevant to the international unification of scientific and technical information (STI) through development of an international aerospace database (IAD). Specific recommendations for improving the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Aerospace Database (NAD) and for implementing IAD are given.…

A Programming Environment for Parallel Vision Algorithms

DTIC Science & Technology

1990-04-11

industrial arm on the market , while the unique head was designed by Rochester’s Computer Science and Mechanical Engineering Departments. 9a 4.1 Introduction...R. Constraining-Unification and the Programming Language Unicorn . In Logic Programming, Functions, Relations, and Equations, Degroot and Lind- strom

Strategies for Reforming Workforce Preparation Programs in Europe

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Stenstrom, Marja-Leena; Lasonen, Johanna

2004-01-01

The Post-16 Strategies project coordinated by Dr. Johanna Lasonen from 1996 to 1998 was chiefly concerned with four post-16 education strategies: (1) "vocational enhancement"; (2) "mutual enrichment"; (3) "linkages;" and (4) "unification." These four strategies to promote parity of esteem between vocational…

Le Chatelier's Principle in Sensation and Perception: Fractal-Like Enfolding at Different Scales

PubMed Central

Norwich, Kenneth H.

2010-01-01

Le Chatelier's principle asserts that a disturbance, when applied to a resting system may drive the system away from its equilibrium state, but will invoke a countervailing influence that will counteract the effect of the disturbance. When applied to the field of sensation and perception, a generalized stimulus will displace the system from equilibrium, and a generalized adaptation process will serve as the countervailing influence tending to reduce the impact of the stimulus. The principle applies at all levels, from the behavioral to the neural, the larger enfolding the smaller in fractal-like form. Le Chatelier's principle, so applied, leads to the unification of many concepts in sensory science. Ideas as diverse as sensory adaptation, reflex arcs, and simple deductive logic can be brought under the umbrella of a single orienting principle. Beyond unification, this principle allows us to approach many questions in pathophysiology from a different perspective. For example, we find new direction toward the reduction of phantom-limb pain and possibly of vertigo. PMID:21423359

Physics through the 1990s: Elementary-particle physics

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

The volume begins with a non-mathematical discussion of the motivation behind, and basic ideas of, elementary-particle physics theory and experiment. The progress over the past two decades with the quark model and unification of the electromagnetic and weak interactions is reviewed. Existing theoretical problems in the field, such as the origin of mass and the unification of the fundamental forces, are detailed, along with experimental programs to test the new theories. Accelerators, instrumentation, and detectors are described for both current and future facilities. Interactions with other areas of both theoretical and applied physics are presented. The sociology of the field is examined regarding the education of graduate students, the organization necessary in large-scale experiments, and the decision-making process involved in high-cost experiments. Finally, conclusions and recommendations for maintaining US excellence in theory and experiment are given. Appendices list both current and planned accelerators, and present statistical data on the US elementary-particle physics program. A glossary is included.

Physics through the 1990s: elementary-particle physics

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Not Available

1986-01-01

The volume begins with a non-mathematical discussion of the motivation behind, and basic ideas of, elementary-particle physics theory and experiment. The progress over the past two decades with the quark model and unification of the electromagnetic and weak interactions is reviewed. Existing theoretical problems in the field, such as the origin of mass and the unification of the fundamental forces, are detailed, along with experimental programs to test the new theories. Accelerators, instrumentation, and detectors are described for both current and future facilities. Interactions with other areas of both theoretical and applied physics are presented. The sociology of the fieldmore » is examined regarding the education of graduate students, the organization necessary in large-scale experiments, and the decision-making process involved in high-cost experiments. Finally, conclusions and recommendations for maintaining US excellence in theory and experiment are given. Appendices list both current and planned accelerators, and present statistical data on the US elementary-particle physics program. A glossary is included.« less

On the unification of nuclear-structure theory: A response to Bortignon and Broglia

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Cook, Norman D.

2016-09-01

Nuclear-structure theory is unusual among the diverse fields of quantum physics. Although it provides a coherent description of all known isotopes on the basis of a quantum-mechanical understanding of nucleon states, nevertheless, in the absence of a fundamental theory of the nuclear force acting between nucleons, the prediction of all ground-state and excited-state nuclear binding energies is inherently semi-empirical. I suggest that progress can be made by returning to the foundational work of Eugene Wigner from 1937, where the mathematical symmetries of nucleon states were first defined. Those symmetries were later successfully exploited in the development of the independent-particle model ( IPM ˜ shell model , but the geometrical implications noted by Wigner were neglected. Here I review how the quantum-mechanical, but remarkably easy-to-understand geometrical interpretation of the IPM provides constraints on the parametrization of the nuclear force. The proposed "geometrical IPM" indicates a way forward toward the unification of nuclear-structure theory that Bortignon and Broglia have called for.

Evolution of Extragalactic Radio Sources and Quasar/Galaxy Unification

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Onah, C. I.; Ubachukwu, A. A.; Odo, F. C.; Onuchukwu, C. C.

2018-04-01

We use a large sample of radio sources to investigate the effects of evolution, luminosity selection and radio source orientation in explaining the apparent deviation of observed angular size - redshift (θ - z) relation of extragalactic radio sources (EGRSs) from the standard model. We have fitted the observed θ - z data with standard cosmological models based on a flat universe (Ω0 = 1). The size evolution of EGRSs has been described as luminosity, temporal and orientation-dependent in the form DP,z,Φ ≍ P±q(1 + z)-m sinΦ, with q=0.3, Φ=59°, m=-0.26 for radio galaxies and q=-0.5, Φ=33°, m=3.1 for radio quasars respectively. Critical points of luminosity, logPcrit=26.33 WHz-1 and logDc=2.51 kpc (316.23 kpc) of the present sample of radio sources were also observed. All the results were found to be consistent with the popular quasar/galaxy unification scheme.

Symmetry Breaking, Unification, and Theories Beyond the Standard Model

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Nomura, Yasunori

2009-07-31

A model was constructed in which the supersymmetric fine-tuning problem is solved without extending the Higgs sector at the weak scale. We have demonstrated that the model can avoid all the phenomenological constraints, while avoiding excessive fine-tuning. We have also studied implications of the model on dark matter physics and collider physics. I have proposed in an extremely simple construction for models of gauge mediation. We found that the {mu} problem can be simply and elegantly solved in a class of models where the Higgs fields couple directly to the supersymmetry breaking sector. We proposed a new way of addressingmore » the flavor problem of supersymmetric theories. We have proposed a new framework of constructing theories of grand unification. We constructed a simple and elegant model of dark matter which explains excess flux of electrons/positrons. We constructed a model of dark energy in which evolving quintessence-type dark energy is naturally obtained. We studied if we can find evidence of the multiverse.« less

Identifying the genes of unconventional high temperature superconductors.

PubMed

Hu, Jiangping

We elucidate a recently emergent framework in unifying the two families of high temperature (high [Formula: see text]) superconductors, cuprates and iron-based superconductors. The unification suggests that the latter is simply the counterpart of the former to realize robust extended s-wave pairing symmetries in a square lattice. The unification identifies that the key ingredients (gene) of high [Formula: see text] superconductors is a quasi two dimensional electronic environment in which the d -orbitals of cations that participate in strong in-plane couplings to the p -orbitals of anions are isolated near Fermi energy. With this gene, the superexchange magnetic interactions mediated by anions could maximize their contributions to superconductivity. Creating the gene requires special arrangements between local electronic structures and crystal lattice structures. The speciality explains why high [Formula: see text] superconductors are so rare. An explicit prediction is made to realize high [Formula: see text] superconductivity in Co/Ni-based materials with a quasi two dimensional hexagonal lattice structure formed by trigonal bipyramidal complexes.

Why resilience is unappealing to social science: Theoretical and empirical investigations of the scientific use of resilience

PubMed Central

Olsson, Lennart; Jerneck, Anne; Thoren, Henrik; Persson, Johannes; O’Byrne, David

2015-01-01

Resilience is often promoted as a boundary concept to integrate the social and natural dimensions of sustainability. However, it is a troubled dialogue from which social scientists may feel detached. To explain this, we first scrutinize the meanings, attributes, and uses of resilience in ecology and elsewhere to construct a typology of definitions. Second, we analyze core concepts and principles in resilience theory that cause disciplinary tensions between the social and natural sciences (system ontology, system boundary, equilibria and thresholds, feedback mechanisms, self-organization, and function). Third, we provide empirical evidence of the asymmetry in the use of resilience theory in ecology and environmental sciences compared to five relevant social science disciplines. Fourth, we contrast the unification ambition in resilience theory with methodological pluralism. Throughout, we develop the argument that incommensurability and unification constrain the interdisciplinary dialogue, whereas pluralism drawing on core social scientific concepts would better facilitate integrated sustainability research. PMID:26601176

The Unification of Space Qualified Integrated Circuits by Example of International Space Project GAMMA-400

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bobkov, S. G.; Serdin, O. V.; Arkhangelskiy, A. I.; Arkhangelskaja, I. V.; Suchkov, S. I.; Topchiev, N. P.

The problem of electronic component unification at the different levels (circuits, interfaces, hardware and software) used in space industry is considered. The task of computer systems for space purposes developing is discussed by example of scientific data acquisition system for space project GAMMA-400. The basic characteristics of high reliable and fault tolerant chips developed by SRISA RAS for space applicable computational systems are given. To reduce power consumption and enhance data reliability, embedded system interconnect made hierarchical: upper level is Serial RapidIO 1x or 4x with rate transfer 1.25 Gbaud; next level - SpaceWire with rate transfer up to 400 Mbaud and lower level - MIL-STD-1553B and RS232/RS485. The Ethernet 10/100 is technology interface and provided connection with the previously released modules too. Systems interconnection allows creating different redundancy systems. Designers can develop heterogeneous systems that employ the peer-to-peer networking performance of Serial RapidIO using multiprocessor clusters interconnected by SpaceWire.

Physics through the 1990s: Elementary-particle physics

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1986-01-01

The volume begins with a non-mathematical discussion of the motivation behind, and basic ideas of, elementary-particle physics theory and experiment. The progress over the past two decades with the quark model and unification of the electromagnetic and weak interactions is reviewed. Existing theoretical problems in the field, such as the origin of mass and the unification of the fundamental forces, are detailed, along with experimental programs to test the new theories. Accelerators, instrumentation, and detectors are described for both current and future facilities. Interactions with other areas of both theoretical and applied physics are presented. The sociology of the field is examined regarding the education of graduate students, the organization necessary in large-scale experiments, and the decision-making process involved in high-cost experiments. Finally, conclusions and recommendations for maintaining US excellence in theory and experiment are given. Appendices list both current and planned accelerators, and present statistical data on the US elementary-particle physics program. A glossary is included.

Proposal for a unified selection to medical residency programs.

PubMed

Toffoli, Sônia Ferreira Lopes; Ferreira Filho, Olavo Franco; Andrade, Dalton Francisco de

2013-01-01

This paper proposes the unification of entrance exams to medical residency programs (MRP) in Brazil. Problems related to MRP and its interface with public health problems in Brazil are highlighted and how this proposal are able to help solving these problems. The proposal is to create a database to be applied in MRP unified exams. Some advantages of using the Item Response Theory (IRT) in this database are highlighted. The MRP entrance exams are developed and applied decentralized where each school is responsible for its examination. These exams quality are questionable. Reviews about items quality, validity and reliability of appliances are not common disclosed. Evaluation is important in every education system bringing on required changes and control of teaching and learning. The proposal of MRP entrance exams unification, besides offering high quality exams to institutions participants, could be as an extra source to rate medical school and cause improvements, provide studies with a database and allow a regional mobility. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Editora Ltda. All rights reserved.

Simulated near-field mapping of ripple pattern supported metal nanoparticles arrays for SERS optimization

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Arya, Mahima; Bhatnagar, Mukul; Ranjan, Mukesh; Mukherjee, Subroto; Nath, Rabinder; Mitra, Anirban

2017-11-01

An analytical model has been developed using a modified Yamaguchi model along with the wavelength dependent plasmon line-width correction. The model has been used to calculate the near-field response of random nanoparticles on the plane surface, elongated and spherical silver nanoparticle arrays supported on ion beam produced ripple patterned templates. The calculated near-field mapping for elongated nanoparticles arrays on the ripple patterned surface shows maximum number of hot-spots with a higher near-field enhancement (NFE) as compared to the spherical nanoparticle arrays and randomly distributed nanoparticles on the plane surface. The results from the simulations show a similar trend for the NFE when compared to the far field reflection spectra. The nature of the wavelength dependent NFE is also found to be in agreement with the observed experimental results from surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS). The calculated and the measured optical response unambiguously reveal the importance of interparticle gap and ordering, where a high intensity Raman signal is obtained for ordered elongated nanoparticles arrays case as against non-ordered and the aligned configuration of spherical nanoparticles on the rippled surface.

Design, Simulation and Fabrication of A MEMS-based Double-layer Spiral Planar Inductor with Patterned Permalloy as Magnetic Layers

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhu, Xiaomin; Cheng, Ping; Chen, Mingming; Ding, Guifu

2018-03-01

There have been significant efforts to boost the inductance value by adopting the sandwich structures using permalloy magnetic shielding layers. However, this structure will introduce high ac conductor losses and high eddy currents. In order to solve these problems, patterned permalloy can solve this problem effectively. According to the simulation results based on the application of finite element method in the frequency domain, the optimum permalloy pattern is which the blank of the permalloy are perpendicular to the coil inside. The double-layer planar inductor has a size of l5×1.5×0.1mm consisted of 13-turn spiral Cu coil for each layer and a 20μm-thick patterned permalloy magnetic shielding layer. The inductor shows a higher inductance than the traditional planar inductor. The patterned permalloy made the inductor more stable in high frequency than the none-patterned. And the inductor has an inductance of 1.3μH and quality factor of 2.8 at 1.5MHz, with an inductance per unit of 578nH/mm2, which is much higher than that in the reported literatures.

The problem of pattern and scale in ecology: what have we learned in 20 years?

PubMed

Chave, Jérôme

2013-05-01

Over the past 20 years, major advances have clarified how ecological patterns inform theory, and how in turn theory informs applied ecology. Also, there has been an increased recognition that the problem of scale at which ecological processes should be considered is critical if we are to produce general predictions. Ecological dynamics is always stochastic at small scales, but variability is conditional on the scale of description. The radical changes in the scope and aims of ecology over the past decades reflect in part the need to address pressing societal issues of environmental change. Technological advances in molecular biology, global positioning, sensing instrumentation and computational power should not be overlooked as an explanation for these radical changes. However, I argue that conceptual unification across ecology, genetics, evolution and physiology has fostered even more fertile questions. We are moving away from the view that evolution is played in a fixed ecological theatre: the theatre is being rapidly and relentlessly redesigned by the players themselves. The maintenance of ecosystem functions depends on shifts in species assemblages and on cellular metabolism, not only on flows of energy and matter. These findings have far reaching implications for our understanding of how ecosystem function and biodiversity will withstand (or not) environmental changes in the 21st century. © 2013 John Wiley & Sons Ltd/CNRS.

Neuromusicology or Musiconeurology? “Omni-art” in Alexander Scriabin as a Fount of Ideas

PubMed Central

Triarhou, Lazaros C.

2016-01-01

Science can uncover neural mechanisms by looking at the work of artists. The ingenuity of a titan of classical music, the Russian composer Alexander Scriabin (1872–1915), in combining all the sensory modalities into a polyphony of aesthetical experience, and his creation of a chord based on fourths rather than the conventional thirds are proposed as putative points of departure for insight, in future studies, into the neural processes that underlie the perception of beauty, individually or universally. Scriabin’s “Omni-art” was a new synthesis of music, philosophy and religion, and a new aesthetic language, a unification of music, vision, olfaction, drama, poetry, dance, image, and conceptualization, all governed by logic, in the quest for the integrative action of the human mind toward a “higher reality” of which music is only a component. PMID:27014167

Explanation and Prediction: Building a Unified Theory of Librarianship, Concept and Review.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

McGrath, William E.

2002-01-01

Develops a comprehensive, unified, explanatory theory of librarianship by first making an analogy to the unification of the fundamental forces of nature. Topics include dependent and independent variables; publishing; acquisitions; classification and organization of knowledge; storage, preservation, and collection management; collections; and…

How Is the Ideal Gas Law Explanatory?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Woody, Andrea I.

2013-01-01

Using the ideal gas law as a comparative example, this essay reviews contemporary research in philosophy of science concerning scientific explanation. It outlines the inferential, causal, unification, and erotetic conceptions of explanation and discusses an alternative project, the functional perspective. In each case, the aim is to highlight…

A Re-Unification of Two Competing Models for Document Retrieval.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bodoff, David

1999-01-01

Examines query-oriented versus document-oriented information retrieval and feedback learning. Highlights include a reunification of the two approaches for probabilistic document retrieval and for vector space model (VSM) retrieval; learning in VSM and in probabilistic models; multi-dimensional scaling; and ongoing field studies. (LRW)

Chromosome structure inside the nucleus.

PubMed

Swedlow, J R; Agard, D A; Sedat, J W

1993-06-01

Recent in situ three-dimensional structural studies have provided a new model for the 30 nm chromatin fiber. In addition, research during the past year has revealed some of the molecular complexity of non-histone chromosomal proteins. Still to come is the unification of molecular insights with chromosomal architecture.

Modified first-order Hořava-Lifshitz gravity: Hamiltonian analysis of the general theory and accelerating FRW cosmology in a power-law F(R) model

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Carloni, Sante; Chaichian, Masud; Nojiri, Shin'Ichi; Odintsov, Sergei D.; Oksanen, Markku; Tureanu, Anca

2010-09-01

We propose the most general modified first-order Hořava-Lifshitz gravity, whose action does not contain time derivatives higher than the second order. The Hamiltonian structure of this theory is studied in all the details in the case of the spatially-flat Friedmann-Robertson-Walker (FRW) space-time, demonstrating many of the features of the general theory. It is shown that, with some plausible assumptions, including the projectability of the lapse function, this model is consistent. As a large class of such theories, the modified Hořava-Lifshitz F(R) gravity is introduced. The study of its ultraviolet properties shows that its z=3 version seems to be renormalizable in the same way as the original Hořava-Lifshitz proposal. The Hamiltonian analysis of the modified Hořava-Lifshitz F(R) gravity shows that it is in general a consistent theory. The F(R) gravity action is also studied in the fixed-gauge form, where the appearance of a scalar field is particularly illustrative. Then the spatially-flat FRW cosmology for this F(R) gravity is investigated. It is shown that a special choice of parameters for this theory leads to the same equations of motion as in the case of traditional F(R) gravity. Nevertheless, the cosmological structure of the modified Hořava-Lifshitz F(R) gravity turns out to be much richer than for its traditional counterpart. The emergence of multiple de Sitter solutions indicates the possibility of unification of early-time inflation with late-time acceleration within the same model. Power-law F(R) theories are also investigated in detail. It is analytically shown that they have a quite rich cosmological structure: early-/late-time cosmic acceleration of quintessence, as well as of phantom types. Also it is demonstrated that all the four known types of finite-time future singularities may occur in the power-law Hořava-Lifshitz F(R) gravity. Finally, a covariant proposal for (renormalizable) F(R) gravity within the Hořava-Lifshitz spirit is presented.

Aging, Attention, and Bimanual Coordination.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lee, Timothy D.; Wishart, Laurie R.; Murdoch, Jason E.

2002-01-01

Bimanual coordination was tested at two metronome speeds with simultaneous performance of an attention-demanding task by 12 younger (20-22) and 12 older (65-74) adults. At the lower frequency, coordination patterns seemed automatic and impervious to aging. At the higher frequency, older adults sacrificed movement frequency in order to maintain…

Dynamic Social Impact: The Creation of Culture by Communication.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Latane, Bibb

1996-01-01

Presents a theory of how individuals located in social space influence each other to create higher order patterns of cultural structure. Presents the theory as five propositions and six derivations, arguing that Dynamic Social Impact Theory accounts for four key features of culture: regional clustering, correlations among cultural elements,…

BIRTH ORDER, STAGE OF INFANCY AND INFANT MORTALITY IN INDIA.

PubMed

Mishra, S K; Ram, Bali; Singh, Abhishek; Yadav, Awdhesh

2017-10-02

Using data from India's National Family Health Survey, 2005-06 (NFHS-3), this article examines the patterns of relationship between birth order and infant mortality. The analysis controls for a number of variables, including mother's characteristics such as age at the time of survey, current place of residence (urban/rural), years of schooling, religion, caste, and child's sex and birth weight. A modest J-shaped relationship between birth order of children and their risk of dying in the neonatal period is found, suggesting that although both first- and last-born children are at a significantly greater risk of dying compared with those in the middle, last-borns (i.e. fourth and higher order births) are at the worst risk. However, in the post-neonatal period first-borns are not as vulnerable, but the risk increases steadily with the addition of successive births and last-borns are at much greater risk, even worse than those in the neonatal period. Although the strength of relationship between birth order and mortality is attenuated after the potential confounders are taken into account, the relationship between the two variables remains curvilinear in the neonatal period and direct in the post-neonatal period. There are marked differences in these patterns by the child's sex. While female children are less prone to the risk of dying in the neonatal period in comparison with male children, the converse is true in the post-neonatal period. Female children not only run higher risks of dying in the post-neonatal period, but also become progressively more vulnerable with an increase in birth order.

Exploiting Photo-induced Reactions in Polymer Blends to Create Hierarchically Ordered, Defect-free Materials

ScienceCinema

Balazs, Anna [University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States

2017-12-09

Computer simulations reveal how photo-induced chemical reactions can be exploited to create long-range order in binary and ternary polymeric materials. The process is initiated by shining a spatially uniform light over a photosensitive AB binary blend, which undergoes both a reversible chemical reaction and phase separation. We then introduce a well-collimated, higher-intensity light source. Rastering this secondary light over the sample locally increases the reaction rate and causes formation of defect-free, spatially periodic structures. These binary structures resemble either the lamellar or hexagonal phases of microphase-separated di-block copolymers. We measure the regularity of the ordered structures as a function of the relative reaction rates for different values of the rastering speed and determine the optimal conditions for creating defect-free structures in the binary systems. We then add a non-reactive homo-polymer C, which is immiscible with both A and B. We show that this component migrates to regions that are illuminated by the secondary, higher-intensity light, allowing us to effectively write a pattern of C onto the AB film. Rastering over the ternary blend with this collimated light now leads to hierarchically ordered patterns of A, B, and C. The findings point to a facile, non-intrusive process for manufacturing high-quality polymeric devices in a low-cost, efficient manner.

System monitoring and diagnosis with qualitative models

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Kuipers, Benjamin

1991-01-01

A substantial foundation of tools for model-based reasoning with incomplete knowledge was developed: QSIM (a qualitative simulation program) and its extensions for qualitative simulation; Q2, Q3 and their successors for quantitative reasoning on a qualitative framework; and the CC (component-connection) and QPC (Qualitative Process Theory) model compilers for building QSIM QDE (qualitative differential equation) models starting from different ontological assumptions. Other model-compilers for QDE's, e.g., using bond graphs or compartmental models, have been developed elsewhere. These model-building tools will support automatic construction of qualitative models from physical specifications, and further research into selection of appropriate modeling viewpoints. For monitoring and diagnosis, plausible hypotheses are unified against observations to strengthen or refute the predicted behaviors. In MIMIC (Model Integration via Mesh Interpolation Coefficients), multiple hypothesized models of the system are tracked in parallel in order to reduce the 'missing model' problem. Each model begins as a qualitative model, and is unified with a priori quantitative knowledge and with the stream of incoming observational data. When the model/data unification yields a contradiction, the model is refuted. When there is no contradiction, the predictions of the model are progressively strengthened, for use in procedure planning and differential diagnosis. Only under a qualitative level of description can a finite set of models guarantee the complete coverage necessary for this performance. The results of this research are presented in several publications. Abstracts of these published papers are presented along with abtracts of papers representing work that was synergistic with the NASA grant but funded otherwise. These 28 papers include but are not limited to: 'Combined qualitative and numerical simulation with Q3'; 'Comparative analysis and qualitative integral representations'; 'Model-based monitoring of dynamic systems'; 'Numerical behavior envelopes for qualitative models'; 'Higher-order derivative constraints in qualitative simulation'; and 'Non-intersection of trajectories in qualitative phase space: a global constraint for qualitative simulation.'

Changes in unit structures and infanticide observed in Arsi geladas.

PubMed

Mori, Akio; Belay, Gurja; Iwamoto, Toshitaka

2003-07-01

In 1989 a new gelada baboon ( Theropithecus gelada) population was found in Arsi, on the opposite side of the Rift Valley to that of the known gelada populations of Semien and Showa. Previous comparisons of units of the band at Gado Goro, Arsi, in the same season in consecutive years, indicated that unit structure is less stable among Arsi geladas as compared to the Semien population. Gelada units of the band at Gado-Goro were studied for 7 months in order to investigate the processes of social changes. Changes in unit structure were observed. Provisioning was carried out for 1.5 months at the beginning of the 7-month study period, in order to capture and obtain blood samples from the geladas. Following this, changes in male leadership of some units were observed, presumably as a consequence of the capture. However, natural changes also occurred. One change in unit structure occurred after a female gave birth, and changes in another unit occurred after the disappearance of the leader male. These changes involved female desertion of a unit, her subsequent transfer to a male unit, and culminated in the formation of a unit consisting of one female and one male. One successful and one attempted case of unification of units, and one case of change of a unit leader male are reported. These changes occurred among eight resident units in a period of 7 months (196 female months). Though the types of social changes were not much different from previous observations in Semien National Park, their frequencies seemed to be much higher. The characteristics of Arsi gelada social changes are proposed to be related to the small size of the units. We also describe a new confirmed case and one suspected case of infanticide, as well as one case of abortion at the time of male leader change.

Replication labeling patterns and chromosome territories typical of mammalian nuclei are conserved in the early metazoan Hydra.

PubMed

Alexandrova, Olga; Solovei, Irina; Cremer, Thomas; David, Charles N

2003-12-01

To investigate the evolutionary conservation of higher order nuclear architecture previously described for mammalian cells we have analyzed the nuclear architecture of the simple polyp Hydra. These diploblastic organisms have large nuclei (8-10 microm) containing about 3x10(9) bp of DNA organized in 15 chromosome pairs. They belong to the earliest metazoan phylum and are separated from mammals by at least 600 million years. Single and double pulse labeling with halogenated nucleotides (bromodeoxyuridine, iododeoxyuridine and chlorodeoxyuridine) revealed striking similarities to the known sequence of replication labeling patterns in mammalian nuclei. These patterns reflect a persistent nuclear arrangement of early, mid-, and late replicating chromatin foci that could be identified during all stages of interphase over at least 5-10 cell generations. Segregation of labeled chromatids led after several cell divisions to nuclei with single or a few labeled chromosome territories. In such nuclei distinct clusters of labeled chromatin foci were separated by extended nuclear areas with non-labeled chromatin, which is typical of a territorial arrangement of interphase chromosomes. Our results indicate the conservation of fundamental features of higher order chromatin arrangements throughout the evolution of metazoan animals and suggest the existence of conserved mechanism(s) controlling this architecture.

Unified Simulation and Analysis Framework for Deep Space Navigation Design

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Anzalone, Evan; Chuang, Jason; Olsen, Carrie

2013-01-01

As the technology that enables advanced deep space autonomous navigation continues to develop and the requirements for such capability continues to grow, there is a clear need for a modular expandable simulation framework. This tool's purpose is to address multiple measurement and information sources in order to capture system capability. This is needed to analyze the capability of competing navigation systems as well as to develop system requirements, in order to determine its effect on the sizing of the integrated vehicle. The development for such a framework is built upon Model-Based Systems Engineering techniques to capture the architecture of the navigation system and possible state measurements and observations to feed into the simulation implementation structure. These models also allow a common environment for the capture of an increasingly complex operational architecture, involving multiple spacecraft, ground stations, and communication networks. In order to address these architectural developments, a framework of agent-based modules is implemented to capture the independent operations of individual spacecraft as well as the network interactions amongst spacecraft. This paper describes the development of this framework, and the modeling processes used to capture a deep space navigation system. Additionally, a sample implementation describing a concept of network-based navigation utilizing digitally transmitted data packets is described in detail. This developed package shows the capability of the modeling framework, including its modularity, analysis capabilities, and its unification back to the overall system requirements and definition.

Structural Equation Model Trees

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Brandmaier, Andreas M.; von Oertzen, Timo; McArdle, John J.; Lindenberger, Ulman

2013-01-01

In the behavioral and social sciences, structural equation models (SEMs) have become widely accepted as a modeling tool for the relation between latent and observed variables. SEMs can be seen as a unification of several multivariate analysis techniques. SEM Trees combine the strengths of SEMs and the decision tree paradigm by building tree…

New Approaches to a Subject of Anthropocentric Linguistics

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lee, Valentine S.; Tumanova, Ainakul B.; Salkhanova, Zhanat H.

2016-01-01

The article studies theoretical issues of modern anthropocentric paradigm of scientific knowledge from the history of anthropocentric linguistics development as a special field of language science. The purpose of this study is to answer the question about human influence on the semiotic system. The material result is the unification of specific…

Unification of Electromagnetic Specifications and Standards, Part I- Evaluation of Existing Practices

DTIC Science & Technology

1980-10-31

ASSIFICATION OOWRGRAOIRG| OULE IN/A Since UNCLASSIFIED14 IST•R|IETIORS TATE[MENT (OR lAIR R.PRR) Approved for public release; distribution unlimited. 1 IS...well as by uncertainties in nonlinear devices, unknown non- linearities, nonuniform materials (sail and concrete), and many other factors. On the

WVR-EMAP A SMALL WATERSHED CHARACTERIZATION, CLASSIFICATION, AND ASSESSMENT FOR WEST VIRGINIA UTILIZING EMAP DESIGN AND TOOLS

EPA Science Inventory

Nationwide, there is a strong need to streamline methods for assessing impairment of surface waters (305b listings), diagnosing cause of biological impairment (303d listings), estimating total maximum daily loads (TMDLs), and/or prioritizing watershed restoration activities (Unif...

Unification of the macro- and microbiome in trophic ecology

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Biological control is a key part of virtually any IPM program, and microbial bio-control agents represent particularly effective agents because of their capacity to be applied via conventional spray application methods. We are showing that fungi function just as arthropods do in the food web—the fun...

Avionics System Architecture for NASA Orion Vehicle

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Baggerman, Clint

2010-01-01

This viewgraph presentation reviews the Orion Crew Exploration Vehicle avionics architecture. The contents include: 1) What is Orion?; 2) Orion Concept of Operations; 3) Orion Subsystems; 4) Orion Avionics Architecture; 5) Orion Avionics-Network; 6) Orion Network Unification; 7) Orion Avionics-Integrity; 8) Orion Avionics-Partitioning; and 9) Orion Avionics-Redundancy.

Interface Architecture for Testing in Foreign Language Education

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Laborda, Jesus Garcia

2009-01-01

The implications of new learning environments have been far-reaching and pervasive (Plass, 1998), at least in the field of interface design both in traditional computer and mobile devices (Fallahkhair, Pemberton, & Griffiths, 2007). Given the current status of efficient models, educators need the unproven unification of interfaces and working…

The American Work Force, 1992-2005. Historical Trends, 1950-92, and Current Uncertainties.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kutscher, Ronald E.

1993-01-01

Reviews the trends of the last four decades in terms of the labor force, economics, employment by industry, and employment by occupation. Considers uncertainties surrounding projections to 2005: end of the cold war, European unification, and the North American Free Trade Agreement. (SK)

29 CFR 779.218 - Methods to accomplish “unified operation.”

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

..., join together to perform some or all of their activities as a unified business or business system. They may accomplish such unification through agreements, franchises, grants, leases, or other arrangements... others so that they constitute a single business or unified business system. Whether in any particular...

Unification of Speaker and Meaning in Language Comprehension: An fMRI Study

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Tesink, Cathelijne M. J. Y.; Petersson, Karl Magnus; van Berkum, Jos J. A.; van den Brink, Danielle; Buitelaar, Jan K.; Hagoort, Peter

2009-01-01

When interpreting a message, a listener takes into account several sources of linguistic and extralinguistic information. Here we focused on one particular form of extralinguistic information, certain speaker characteristics as conveyed by the voice. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging, we examined the neural structures involved in the…

Towards Automatic Threat Recognition

DTIC Science & Technology

2006-12-01

York: Bantam. Forschungsinstitut für Kommunikation, Informationsverarbeitung und Ergonomie FGAN Informationstechnik und Führungssysteme KIE Towards...Informationsverarbeitung und Ergonomie FGAN Informationstechnik und Führungssysteme KIE Content Preliminaries about Information Fusion The System Ontology Unification...as Processing Principle Back to the Example Conclusion and Outlook Forschungsinstitut für Kommunikation, Informationsverarbeitung und Ergonomie FGAN

Impact of Assimilating Ocean Velocity Observations Inferred from Lagrangian Drifter Data Using the NCOM-4DVAR

DTIC Science & Technology

2014-04-01

absolute dynamic height (ADH; in meters) from the Archiving, Validation, and Interpretation of Satellite Oceano - graphic data (AVISO) product [this...altimeter product was produced by the Segment Sol multimissions d’Altimetrie, d’Orbitographie et de localisation precise (Ssalto)/Data Unification and

Futures for Schooling in Australia: Nationalisation, Privatisation or Unification? Occasional Paper No. 13.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Connors, Lyndsay

An analysis of Australia's two conflicting trends in school governance and their effectiveness in meeting two major educational challenges is the purpose of this paper. Nationalization, which refers to greater centralization and increased national regulation; and privatization, which refers to decentralization, deregulation, and increased local…

Hypercat - Hypercube of AGN tori

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Nikutta, Robert; Lopez-Rodriguez, Enrique; Ichikawa, Kohei; Levenson, Nancy A.; Packham, Christopher C.

2018-06-01

AGN unification and observations hold that a dusty torus obscures the central accretion engine along some lines of sight. SEDs of dust tori have been modeled for a long time, but resolved emission morphologies have not been studied in much detail, because resolved observations are only possible recently (VLTI,ALMA) and in the near future (TMT,ELT,GMT). Some observations challenge a simple torus model, because in several objects most of MIR emission appears to emanate from polar regions high above the equatorial plane, i.e. not where the dust supposedly resides.We introduce our software framework and hypercube of AGN tori (Hypercat) made with CLUMPY (www.clumpy.org), a large set of images (6 model parameters + wavelength) to facilitate studies of emission and dust morphologies. We make use of Hypercat to study the morphological properties of the emission and dust distributions as function of model parameters. We find that a simple clumpy torus can indeed produce 10-micron emission patterns extended in polar directions, with extension ratios compatible with those found in observations. We are able to constrain the range of parameters that produce such morphologies.

Buried mine detection using fractal geometry analysis to the LWIR successive line scan data image

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Araki, Kan

2012-06-01

We have engaged in research on buried mine/IED detection by remote sensing method using LWIR camera. A IR image of a ground, containing buried objects can be assumed as a superimposed pattern including thermal scattering which may depend on the ground surface roughness, vegetation canopy, and effect of the sun light, and radiation due to various heat interaction caused by differences in specific heat, size, and buried depth of the objects and local temperature of their surrounding environment. In this cumbersome environment, we introduce fractal geometry for analyzing from an IR image. Clutter patterns due to these complex elements have oftentimes low ordered fractal dimension of Hausdorff Dimension. On the other hand, the target patterns have its tendency of obtaining higher ordered fractal dimension in terms of Information Dimension. Random Shuffle Surrogate method or Fourier Transform Surrogate method is used to evaluate fractional statistics by applying shuffle of time sequence data or phase of spectrum. Fractal interpolation to each line scan was also applied to improve the signal processing performance in order to evade zero division and enhance information of data. Some results of target extraction by using relationship between low and high ordered fractal dimension are to be presented.

The role of silicon in plant biology: a paradigm shift in research approach.

PubMed

Frew, Adam; Weston, Leslie A; Reynolds, Olivia L; Gurr, Geoff M

2018-06-08

Silicon (Si) is known to have numerous beneficial effects on plants, alleviating diverse forms of abiotic and biotic stress. Research on this topic has accelerated in recent years and revealed multiple effects of Si in a range of plant species. Available information regarding the impact of Si on plant defence, growth and development is fragmented, discipline-specific, and usually focused on downstream, distal phenomena rather than underlying effects. Accordingly, there is a growing need for studies that address fundamental metabolic and regulatory processes, thereby allowing greater unification and focus of current research across disciplines. Silicon is often regarded as a plant nutritional 'non-entity'. A suite of factors associated with Si have been recently identified, relating to plant chemistry, physiology, gene regulation and interactions with other organisms. Research to date has typically focused on the impact of Si application upon plant stress responses. However, the fundamental, underlying mechanisms that account for the manifold effects of Si in plant biology remain undefined. Here, the known effects of Si in higher plants relating to alleviation of both abiotic and biotic stress are briefly reviewed and the potential importance of Si in plant primary metabolism is discussed, highlighting the need for a unifying research framework targeting common underlying mechanisms. The traditional approach of discipline-specific work on single stressors in individual plant species is currently inadequate. Thus, a holistic and comparative approach is proposed to assess the mode of action of Si between plant trait types (e.g. C3, C4 and CAM; Si accumulators and non-accumulators) and between biotic and abiotic stressors (pathogens, herbivores, drought, salt), considering potential pathways (i.e. primary metabolic processes) highlighted by recent empirical evidence. Utilizing genomic, transcriptomic, proteomic and metabolomic approaches in such comparative studies will pave the way for unification of the field and a deeper understanding of the role of Si in plants.

Selected topics in high energy physics: Flavon, neutrino and extra-dimensional models

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Dorsner, Ilja

There is already significant evidence, both experimental and theoretical, that the Standard Model of elementary particle physics is just another effective physical theory. Thus, it is crucial (a) to anticipate the experiments in search for signatures of the physics beyond the Standard Model, and (b) whether some theoretically preferred structure can reproduce the low-energy signature of the Standard Model. This work pursues these two directions by investigating various extensions of the Standard Model. One of them is a simple flavon model that accommodates the observed hierarchy of the charged fermion masses and mixings. We show that flavor changing and CP violating signatures of this model are equally near the present experimental limits. We find that, for a significant range of parameters, mu-e conversion can be the most sensitive place to look for such signatures. We then propose two variants of an SO(10) model in five-dimensional framework. The first variant demonstrates that one can embed a four-dimensional flipped SU(5) model into a five-dimensional SO(10) model. This allows one to maintain the advantages of flipped SU(5) while avoiding its well-known drawbacks. The second variant shows that exact unification of the gauge couplings is possible even in the higher dimensional setting. This unification yields low-energy values of the gauge couplings that are in a perfect agreement with experimental values. We show that the corrections to the usual four-dimensional running, due to the Kaluza-Klein towers of states, can be unambiguously and systematically evaluated. We also consider the various main types of models of neutrino masses and mixings from the point of view of how naturally they give the large mixing angle MSW solution to the solar neutrino problem. Special attention is given to one particular "lopsided" SU(5) model, which is then analyzed in a completely statistical manner. We suggest that this sort of statistical analysis should be applicable to other models of neutrino mixing.

X-RAY ABSORPTION, NUCLEAR INFRARED EMISSION, AND DUST COVERING FACTORS OF AGNs: TESTING UNIFICATION SCHEMES

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Mateos, S.; Carrera, F. J.; Alonso-Herrero, A.

2016-03-10

We present the distributions of the geometrical covering factors of the dusty tori (f{sub 2}) of active galactic nuclei (AGNs) using an X-ray selected complete sample of 227 AGNs drawn from the Bright Ultra-hard XMM-Newton Survey. The AGNs have z from 0.05 to 1.7, 2–10 keV luminosities between 10{sup 42} and 10{sup 46} erg s{sup −1}, and Compton-thin X-ray absorption. Employing data from UKIDSS, 2MASS, and the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer in a previous work, we determined the rest-frame 1–20 μm continuum emission from the torus, which we model here with the clumpy torus models of Nenkova et al. Opticallymore » classified type 1 and type 2 AGNs are intrinsically different, with type 2 AGNs having, on average, tori with higher f{sub 2} than type 1 AGNs. Nevertheless, ∼20% of type 1 AGNs have tori with large covering factors, while ∼23%–28% of type 2 AGNs have tori with small covering factors. Low f{sub 2} are preferred at high AGN luminosities, as postulated by simple receding torus models, although for type 2 AGNs the effect is certainly small. f{sub 2} increases with the X-ray column density, which implies that dust extinction and X-ray absorption take place in material that share an overall geometry and most likely belong to the same structure, the putative torus. Based on our results, the viewing angle, AGN luminosity, and also f{sub 2} determine the optical appearance of an AGN and control the shape of the rest-frame ∼1–20 μm nuclear continuum emission. Thus, the torus geometrical covering factor is a key ingredient of unification schemes.« less

TOPICAL REVIEW: TeV mini black hole decay at future colliders

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Casanova, Alex; Spallucci, Euro

2006-02-01

It is generally believed that mini black holes decay by emitting elementary particles with a black body energy spectrum. The original calculation leads to the conclusion that about the 90% of the black hole mass is radiated away in the form of photons, neutrinos and light leptons, mainly electrons and muons. With the advent of string theory, such a scenario must be updated by including new effects coming from the stringy nature of particles and interactions. The main modifications with respect to the original picture of black hole evaporation come from recent developments in non-perturbative string theory globally referred to as TeV-scale gravity. By taking for granted that black holes can be produced in hadronic collisions, then their decay must take into account that: (i) we live in a D3 brane embedded into a higher dimensional bulk spacetime; (ii) fundamental interactions, including gravity, are unified at the TeV energy scale. Thus, the formal description of the Hawking radiation mechanism has to be extended to the case of more than four spacetime dimensions and includes the presence of D-branes. This kind of topological defect in the bulk spacetime fabric acts as a sort of 'cosmic fly-paper' trapping electro-weak standard model elementary particles in our (3 + 1)-dimensional universe. Furthermore, unification of fundamental interactions at an energy scale many orders of magnitude lower than the Planck energy implies that any kind of fundamental particle, not only leptons, is expected to be emitted. A detailed understanding of the new scenario is instrumental for optimal tuning of detectors at future colliders, where, hopefully, this exciting new physics will be tested. In this review, we study higher dimensional black hole decay, considering not only the emission of particles according to the Hawking mechanism, but also their near-horizon QED/QCD interactions. The ultimate motivation is to build up a phenomenologically reliable scenario, allowing a clear experimental signature of the event.

Predicting invasive species impacts: a community module functional response approach reveals context dependencies.

PubMed

Paterson, Rachel A; Dick, Jaimie T A; Pritchard, Daniel W; Ennis, Marilyn; Hatcher, Melanie J; Dunn, Alison M

2015-03-01

Predatory functional responses play integral roles in predator-prey dynamics, and their assessment promises greater understanding and prediction of the predatory impacts of invasive species. Other interspecific interactions, however, such as parasitism and higher-order predation, have the potential to modify predator-prey interactions and thus the predictive capability of the comparative functional response approach. We used a four-species community module (higher-order predator; focal native or invasive predators; parasites of focal predators; native prey) to compare the predatory functional responses of native Gammarus duebeni celticus and invasive Gammarus pulex amphipods towards three invertebrate prey species (Asellus aquaticus, Simulium spp., Baetis rhodani), thus, quantifying the context dependencies of parasitism and a higher-order fish predator on these functional responses. Our functional response experiments demonstrated that the invasive amphipod had a higher predatory impact (lower handling time) on two of three prey species, which reflects patterns of impact observed in the field. The community module also revealed that parasitism had context-dependent influences, for one prey species, with the potential to further reduce the predatory impact of the invasive amphipod or increase the predatory impact of the native amphipod in the presence of a higher-order fish predator. Partial consumption of prey was similar for both predators and occurred increasingly in the order A. aquaticus, Simulium spp. and B. rhodani. This was associated with increasing prey densities, but showed no context dependencies with parasitism or higher-order fish predator. This study supports the applicability of comparative functional responses as a tool to predict and assess invasive species impacts incorporating multiple context dependencies. © 2014 The Authors. Journal of Animal Ecology © 2014 British Ecological Society.

Altered sensitization patterns to sweet food stimuli in patients recovered from anorexia and bulimia nervosa.

PubMed

Wagner, Angela; Simmons, Alan N; Oberndorfer, Tyson A; Frank, Guido K W; McCurdy-McKinnon, Danyale; Fudge, Julie L; Yang, Tony T; Paulus, Martin P; Kaye, Walter H

2015-12-30

Recent studies show that higher-order appetitive neural circuitry may contribute to restricted eating in anorexia nervosa (AN) and overeating in bulimia nervosa (BN). The purpose of this study was to determine whether sensitization effects might underlie pathologic eating behavior when a taste stimulus is administered repeatedly. Recovered AN (RAN, n=14) and BN (RBN, n=15) subjects were studied in order to avoid the confounding effects of altered nutritional state. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) measured higher-order brain response to repeated tastes of sucrose (caloric) and sucralose (non-caloric). To test sensitization, the neuronal response to the first and second administration was compared. RAN patients demonstrated a decreased sensitization to sucrose in contrast to RBN patients who displayed the opposite pattern, increased sensitization to sucrose. However, the latter was not as pronounced as in healthy control women (n=13). While both eating disorder subgroups showed increased sensitization to sucralose, the healthy controls revealed decreased sensitization. These findings could reflect on a neuronal level the high caloric intake of RBN during binges and the low energy intake for RAN. RAN seem to distinguish between high energy and low energy sweet stimuli while RBN do not. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

Assessing Collaboration Networks in Educational Research: A Co-Authorship-Based Social Network Analysis Approach

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Munoz, David Andres; Queupil, Juan Pablo; Fraser, Pablo

2016-01-01

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to analyze collaboration networks and their patterns among higher education institutions (HEIs) in Chile and the Latin American region. This will provide evidence to educational managements in order to properly allocate their efforts to improve collaboration. Design/methodology/approach: This quantitative…

Recognition of Amodal Language Identity Emerges in Infancy

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lewkowicz, David J.; Pons, Ferran

2013-01-01

Audiovisual speech consists of overlapping and invariant patterns of dynamic acoustic and optic articulatory information. Research has shown that infants can perceive a variety of basic auditory-visual (A-V) relations but no studies have investigated whether and when infants begin to perceive higher order A-V relations inherent in speech. Here, we…

British and German Education Students in a Shifting Scenario

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Pritchard, Rosalind M. O.

2006-01-01

An empirical study was undertaken of students in the United Kingdom and Germany in order to investigate whether their attitudes were moving away from traditional patterns towards those that might be expected in more marketised higher education systems. The British students were found to be more instrumental and materialistic in relation to their…

Computer-Assisted Classification Patterns in Autoimmune Diagnostics: The AIDA Project

PubMed Central

Benammar Elgaaied, Amel; Cascio, Donato; Bruno, Salvatore; Ciaccio, Maria Cristina; Cipolla, Marco; Fauci, Alessandro; Morgante, Rossella; Taormina, Vincenzo; Gorgi, Yousr; Marrakchi Triki, Raja; Ben Ahmed, Melika; Louzir, Hechmi; Yalaoui, Sadok; Imene, Sfar; Issaoui, Yassine; Abidi, Ahmed; Ammar, Myriam; Bedhiafi, Walid; Ben Fraj, Oussama; Bouhaha, Rym; Hamdi, Khouloud; Soumaya, Koudhi; Neili, Bilel; Asma, Gati; Lucchese, Mariano; Catanzaro, Maria; Barbara, Vincenza; Brusca, Ignazio; Fregapane, Maria; Amato, Gaetano; Friscia, Giuseppe; Neila, Trai; Turkia, Souayeh; Youssra, Haouami; Rekik, Raja; Bouokez, Hayet; Vasile Simone, Maria; Fauci, Francesco; Raso, Giuseppe

2016-01-01

Antinuclear antibodies (ANAs) are significant biomarkers in the diagnosis of autoimmune diseases in humans, done by mean of Indirect ImmunoFluorescence (IIF) method, and performed by analyzing patterns and fluorescence intensity. This paper introduces the AIDA Project (autoimmunity: diagnosis assisted by computer) developed in the framework of an Italy-Tunisia cross-border cooperation and its preliminary results. A database of interpreted IIF images is being collected through the exchange of images and double reporting and a Gold Standard database, containing around 1000 double reported images, has been settled. The Gold Standard database is used for optimization of a CAD (Computer Aided Detection) solution and for the assessment of its added value, in order to be applied along with an Immunologist as a second Reader in detection of autoantibodies. This CAD system is able to identify on IIF images the fluorescence intensity and the fluorescence pattern. Preliminary results show that CAD, used as second Reader, appeared to perform better than Junior Immunologists and hence may significantly improve their efficacy; compared with two Junior Immunologists, the CAD system showed higher Intensity Accuracy (85,5% versus 66,0% and 66,0%), higher Patterns Accuracy (79,3% versus 48,0% and 66,2%), and higher Mean Class Accuracy (79,4% versus 56,7% and 64.2%). PMID:27042658

fMRI activation patterns in an analytic reasoning task: consistency with EEG source localization

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Li, Bian; Vasanta, Kalyana C.; O'Boyle, Michael; Baker, Mary C.; Nutter, Brian; Mitra, Sunanda

2010-03-01

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is used to model brain activation patterns associated with various perceptual and cognitive processes as reflected by the hemodynamic (BOLD) response. While many sensory and motor tasks are associated with relatively simple activation patterns in localized regions, higher-order cognitive tasks may produce activity in many different brain areas involving complex neural circuitry. We applied a recently proposed probabilistic independent component analysis technique (PICA) to determine the true dimensionality of the fMRI data and used EEG localization to identify the common activated patterns (mapped as Brodmann areas) associated with a complex cognitive task like analytic reasoning. Our preliminary study suggests that a hybrid GLM/PICA analysis may reveal additional regions of activation (beyond simple GLM) that are consistent with electroencephalography (EEG) source localization patterns.

Generalization of perceptual and motor learning: a causal link with memory encoding and consolidation?

PubMed

Censor, N

2013-10-10

In both perceptual and motor learning, numerous studies have shown specificity of learning to the trained eye or hand and to the physical features of the task. However, generalization of learning is possible in both perceptual and motor domains. Here, I review evidence for perceptual and motor learning generalization, suggesting that generalization patterns are affected by the way in which the original memory is encoded and consolidated. Generalization may be facilitated during fast learning, with possible engagement of higher-order brain areas recurrently interacting with the primary visual or motor cortices encoding the stimuli or movements' memories. Such generalization may be supported by sleep, involving functional interactions between low and higher-order brain areas. Repeated exposure to the task may alter generalization patterns of learning and overall offline learning. Development of unifying frameworks across learning modalities and better understanding of the conditions under which learning can generalize may enable to gain insight regarding the neural mechanisms underlying procedural learning and have useful clinical implications. Copyright © 2013 IBRO. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Resting State Network Topology of the Ferret Brain

PubMed Central

Zhou, Zhe Charles; Salzwedel, Andrew P.; Radtke-Schuller, Susanne; Li, Yuhui; Sellers, Kristin K.; Gilmore, John H.; Shih, Yen-Yu Ian; Fröhlich, Flavio; Gao, Wei

2016-01-01

Resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rsfMRI) has emerged as a versatile tool for non-invasive measurement of functional connectivity patterns in the brain. RsfMRI brain dynamics in rodents, non-human primates, and humans share similar properties; however, little is known about the resting state functional connectivity patterns in the ferret, an animal model with high potential for developmental and cognitive translational study. To address this knowledge-gap, we performed rsfMRI on anesthetized ferrets using a 9.4 tesla MRI scanner, and subsequently performed group-level independent component analysis (gICA) to identify functionally connected brain networks. Group-level ICA analysis revealed distributed sensory, motor, and higher-order networks in the ferret brain. Subsequent connectivity analysis showed interconnected higher-order networks that constituted a putative default mode network (DMN), a network that exhibits altered connectivity in neuropsychiatric disorders. Finally, we assessed ferret brain topological efficiency using graph theory analysis and found that the ferret brain exhibits small-world properties. Overall, these results provide additional evidence for pan-species resting-state networks, further supporting ferret-based studies of sensory and cognitive function. PMID:27596024

Analysis of Feeder Bus Network Design and Scheduling Problems

PubMed Central

Almasi, Mohammad Hadi; Karim, Mohamed Rehan

2014-01-01

A growing concern for public transit is its inability to shift passenger's mode from private to public transport. In order to overcome this problem, a more developed feeder bus network and matched schedules will play important roles. The present paper aims to review some of the studies performed on Feeder Bus Network Design and Scheduling Problem (FNDSP) based on three distinctive parts of the FNDSP setup, namely, problem description, problem characteristics, and solution approaches. The problems consist of different subproblems including data preparation, feeder bus network design, route generation, and feeder bus scheduling. Subsequently, descriptive analysis and classification of previous works are presented to highlight the main characteristics and solution methods. Finally, some of the issues and trends for future research are identified. This paper is targeted at dealing with the FNDSP to exhibit strategic and tactical goals and also contributes to the unification of the field which might be a useful complement to the few existing reviews. PMID:24526890

[EXPERIENCE IN THE APPLICATION OF DATABASES ON BLOODSUCKING INSECTS IN ZOOLOGICAL STUDIES].

PubMed

Medvedev, S G; Khalikov, R G

2016-01-01

The paper summarizes long-term experience of accumulating and summarizing the faunistic information by means of separate databases (DB) and information analytical systems (IAS), and also prospects of its representation by modern multi-user informational systems. The experience obtained during development and practical use of the PARHOST1 IAS for the study of the world flea fauna and work with personal databases created for the study of bloodsucking insects (lice and blackflies) is analyzed. Research collection material on type series of 57 species and subspecies of fleas of the fauna of Russia was approved as a part of multi-user information retrieval system on the web-portal of the Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences. According former investigations, the system allows depositing the information in the authentic form and performing its gradual transformation, i. e. its unification and structuring. In order to provide continuity of DB refill, the possibility of work of operators with different degree of competence is provided.

Higgs mass and unified gauge coupling in the NMSSM with vector matter

DOE PAGES

Barbieri, Riccardo; Buttazzo, Dario; Hall, Lawrence J.; ...

2016-07-13

Here, we consider the NMSSM extended to include one vector-like family of quarks and leptons. If (some of) these vector-like matter particles, as the Higgs doublets, have Yukawa couplings to the singlet S that exceed unity at about the same scale Λ ≲ 10 3 TeV, this gives the order 40% enhancement of the tree level Higgs boson mass required in the MSSM to reach 125 GeV. It is conceivable that the Yukawa couplings to the singlet S, although naively blowing up close to Λ, will not spoil gauge coupling unification. In such a case the unified coupling α Xmore » could be interestingly led to a value not far from unity, thus providing a possible explanation for the number of generations. Also, the characteristic signal is an enhanced resonant production of neutral spin zero particles at LHC, that could even explain the putative diphoton resonance hinted by the recent LHC data at 750 GeV.« less

Airborne biological hazards and urban transport infrastructure: current challenges and future directions.

PubMed

Nasir, Zaheer Ahmad; Campos, Luiza Cintra; Christie, Nicola; Colbeck, Ian

2016-08-01

Exposure to airborne biological hazards in an ever expanding urban transport infrastructure and highly diverse mobile population is of growing concern, in terms of both public health and biosecurity. The existing policies and practices on design, construction and operation of these infrastructures may have severe implications for airborne disease transmission, particularly, in the event of a pandemic or intentional release of biological of agents. This paper reviews existing knowledge on airborne disease transmission in different modes of transport, highlights the factors enhancing the vulnerability of transport infrastructures to airborne disease transmission, discusses the potential protection measures and identifies the research gaps in order to build a bioresilient transport infrastructure. The unification of security and public health research, inclusion of public health security concepts at the design and planning phase, and a holistic system approach involving all the stakeholders over the life cycle of transport infrastructure hold the key to mitigate the challenges posed by biological hazards in the twenty-first century transport infrastructure.

Mining databases for protein aggregation: a review.

PubMed

Tsiolaki, Paraskevi L; Nastou, Katerina C; Hamodrakas, Stavros J; Iconomidou, Vassiliki A

2017-09-01

Protein aggregation is an active area of research in recent decades, since it is the most common and troubling indication of protein instability. Understanding the mechanisms governing protein aggregation and amyloidogenesis is a key component to the aetiology and pathogenesis of many devastating disorders, including Alzheimer's disease or type 2 diabetes. Protein aggregation data are currently found "scattered" in an increasing number of repositories, since advances in computational biology greatly influence this field of research. This review exploits the various resources of aggregation data and attempts to distinguish and analyze the biological knowledge they contain, by introducing protein-based, fragment-based and disease-based repositories, related to aggregation. In order to gain a broad overview of the available repositories, a novel comprehensive network maps and visualizes the current association between aggregation databases and other important databases and/or tools and discusses the beneficial role of community annotation. The need for unification of aggregation databases in a common platform is also addressed.

Nature as a network of morphological infocomputational processes for cognitive agents

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Dodig-Crnkovic, Gordana

2017-01-01

This paper presents a view of nature as a network of infocomputational agents organized in a dynamical hierarchy of levels. It provides a framework for unification of currently disparate understandings of natural, formal, technical, behavioral and social phenomena based on information as a structure, differences in one system that cause the differences in another system, and computation as its dynamics, i.e. physical process of morphological change in the informational structure. We address some of the frequent misunderstandings regarding the natural/morphological computational models and their relationships to physical systems, especially cognitive systems such as living beings. Natural morphological infocomputation as a conceptual framework necessitates generalization of models of computation beyond the traditional Turing machine model presenting symbol manipulation, and requires agent-based concurrent resource-sensitive models of computation in order to be able to cover the whole range of phenomena from physics to cognition. The central role of agency, particularly material vs. cognitive agency is highlighted.

Case studies in pathophysiology: The development and evaluation of an interactive online learning environment to develop higher order thinking and argumentation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Titterington, Lynda C.

2007-12-01

This study presents a framework for examining the effects of higher order thinking on the achievement of allied health students enrolled in a pathophysiology course. A series of clinical case studies was developed and published in an enriched online environment that guided students through the process of developing a solution and supporting it through data analysis and interpretation. The series of case study modules scaffolded argumentation through question prompts. The modules began with a simple, direct problem and they became progressively more complex throughout the quarter. A control group was assigned a pencil-and-paper case study based upon recall. The case studies were scored for content accuracy and evidence of higher order thinking skills. Higher order thinking was measured using a rubric based upon the Toulmin argumentation pattern. The results indicated implementing a case study of either online or traditional format was associated with significant gains in achievement. The Web-enhanced case studies were associated with modest gains in knowledge acquisition. The argumentation scores across the series followed two trends: directed case studies were associated with higher levels of argumentation than ill-structured case studies, and there appeared to be an inverse relationship between the students' argumentation and content scores. The protocols developed for this study can serve as a template for a larger, extended investigation into student learning in the online environment.

The influence of network structure upon sediment routing in two disturbed catchments, East Cape, New Zealand

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Walley, Yasmin; Tunnicliffe, Jon; Brierley, Gary

2018-04-01

Lateral inputs from hillslopes and tributaries exert a variable impact upon the longitudinal connectivity of sediment transfer in river systems with differing drainage network configurations. Network topology influences channel slope and confinement at confluence zones, thereby affecting patterns of sediment storage and the conveyance of sediments through catchments. Rates of disturbance response, patterns of sediment propagation, and the implications for connectivity and recovery were assessed in two neighbouring catchments with differing network configurations on the East Cape of New Zealand. Both catchments were subject to forest clearing in the late 1940s and a major cyclonic storm in 1988. However, reconstruction of landslide runout pathways, and characterization of connectivity using a Tokunaga framework, demonstrates different patterns and rates of sediment transfer and storage in a dendritic network relative to a more elongate, herringbone drainage network. The dendritic network has a higher rate of sediment transfer between storage sites in successive Strahler orders, whereas longitudinal connectivity along the fourth-order mainstem is disrupted by lateral sediment inputs from multiple low-order tributaries in the more elongate, herringbone network. In both cases the most dynamic ('hotspot') reaches are associated with a high degree of network side-branching.

A functionally conserved Polycomb response element from mouse HoxD complex responds to heterochromatin factors

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Vasanthi, Dasari; Nagabhushan, A.; Matharu, Navneet Kaur; Mishra, Rakesh K.

2013-10-01

Anterior-posterior body axis in all bilaterians is determined by the Hox gene clusters that are activated in a spatio-temporal order. This expression pattern of Hox genes is established and maintained by regulatory mechanisms that involve higher order chromatin structure and Polycomb group (PcG) and trithorax group (trxG) proteins. We identified earlier a Polycomb response element (PRE) in the mouse HoxD complex that is functionally conserved in flies. We analyzed the molecular and genetic interactions of mouse PRE using Drosophila melanogaster and vertebrate cell culture as the model systems. We demonstrate that the repressive activity of this PRE depends on PcG/trxG genes as well as the heterochromatin components. Our findings indicate that a wide range of factors interact with the HoxD PRE that can contribute to establishing the expression pattern of homeotic genes in the complex early during development and maintain that pattern at subsequent stages.

Accumulation patterns of lipophilic organic contaminants in surface sediments and in economic important mussel and fish species from Jakarta Bay, Indonesia.

PubMed

Dwiyitno; Dsikowitzky, Larissa; Nordhaus, Inga; Andarwulan, Nuri; Irianto, Hari Eko; Lioe, Hanifah Nuryani; Ariyani, Farida; Kleinertz, Sonja; Schwarzbauer, Jan

2016-09-30

Non-target screening analyses were conducted in order to identify a wide range of organic contaminants in sediment and animal tissue samples from Jakarta Bay. High concentrations of di-iso-propylnaphthalenes (DIPNs), linear alkylbenzenes (LABs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were detected in all samples, whereas phenylmethoxynaphthalene (PMN), DDT and DDT metabolites (DDX) were detected at lower concentrations. In order to evaluate the uptake and accumulation by economic important mussel (Perna viridis) and fish species, contaminant patterns of DIPNs, LABs and PAHs in different compartments were compared. Different patterns of these contaminant groups were found in sediment and animal tissue samples, suggesting compound-specific accumulation and metabolism processes. Significantly higher concentrations of these three contaminant groups in mussel tissue as compared to fish tissue from Jakarta Bay were found. Because P. viridis is an important aquaculture species in Asia, this result is relevant for food safety. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

The use of higher-order statistics in rapid object categorization in natural scenes.

PubMed

Banno, Hayaki; Saiki, Jun

2015-02-04

We can rapidly and efficiently recognize many types of objects embedded in complex scenes. What information supports this object recognition is a fundamental question for understanding our visual processing. We investigated the eccentricity-dependent role of shape and statistical information for ultrarapid object categorization, using the higher-order statistics proposed by Portilla and Simoncelli (2000). Synthesized textures computed by their algorithms have the same higher-order statistics as the originals, while the global shapes were destroyed. We used the synthesized textures to manipulate the availability of shape information separately from the statistics. We hypothesized that shape makes a greater contribution to central vision than to peripheral vision and that statistics show the opposite pattern. Results did not show contributions clearly biased by eccentricity. Statistical information demonstrated a robust contribution not only in peripheral but also in central vision. For shape, the results supported the contribution in both central and peripheral vision. Further experiments revealed some interesting properties of the statistics. They are available for a limited time, attributable to the presence or absence of animals without shape, and predict how easily humans detect animals in original images. Our data suggest that when facing the time constraint of categorical processing, higher-order statistics underlie our significant performance for rapid categorization, irrespective of eccentricity. © 2015 ARVO.

Generation of higher-order rogue waves from multibreathers by double degeneracy in an optical fiber.

PubMed

Wang, Lihong; He, Jingsong; Xu, Hui; Wang, Ji; Porsezian, Kuppuswamy

2017-04-01

In this paper, we construct a special kind of breather solution of the nonlinear Schrödinger (NLS) equation, the so-called breather-positon (b-positon for short), which can be obtained by taking the limit λ_{j}→λ_{1} of the Lax pair eigenvalues in the order-n periodic solution, which is generated by the n-fold Darboux transformation from a special "seed" solution-plane wave. Further, an order-n b-positon gives an order-n rogue wave under a limit λ_{1}→λ_{0}. Here, λ_{0} is a special eigenvalue in a breather of the NLS equation such that its period goes to infinity. Several analytical plots of order-2 breather confirm visually this double degeneration. The last limit in this double degeneration can be realized approximately in an optical fiber governed by the NLS equation, in which an injected initial ideal pulse is created by a frequency comb system and a programable optical filter (wave shaper) according to the profile of an analytical form of the b-positon at a certain position z_{0}. We also suggest a new way to observe higher-order rogue waves generation in an optical fiber, namely, measure the patterns at the central region of the higher-order b-positon generated by above ideal initial pulses when λ_{1} is very close to the λ_{0}. The excellent agreement between the numerical solutions generated from initial ideal inputs with a low signal-to-noise ratio and analytical solutions of order-2 b-positon supports strongly this way in a realistic optical fiber system. Our results also show the validity of the generating mechanism of a higher-order rogue waves from a multibreathers through the double degeneration.

Keeping the Books for the Environment and Society: the Unification of Emergy and Financial Accounting Methods

EPA Science Inventory

Development of the concept of emergy established a medium for accounting that made it possible to express economic and environmental work of all kinds on a common basis as solar emjoules. Environmental accounting using emdollars, a combined emergy-monetary unit, can be used to pr...

Reform of the College Entrance Examination: Ideology, Principles, and Policy Recommendations

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Liu, Haifeng

2013-01-01

Reform of the College Entrance Examination is trending toward simultaneous unification and diversification. The objective of reforming the entrance exam is to establish a college enrollment examination system that is primarily based on a unified test, which would assess students' abilities, appraise them on multiple levels, and classify them.…

A Federal Perspective on Improving Practices, Programs, and Policies in Special Education.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kaufman, Martin; And Others

1993-01-01

Unification of objective and subjective models is suggested as a means for contributing to a professional knowledge base for special education. The knowledge production, access, and use activities of the Office of Special Education programs are user oriented, while incorporating the empirical rigor of the initial research and evaluation. (SLD)

Combat Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, Alcoholism, and the Police Officer.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Machell, David F.

This report describes the psychological profile of a police officer who suffers from three dimensions of emotional complication: combat post-traumatic stress disorder (CPTSD), alcoholism, and role immersion. Each of the three dimensions is discussed separately, followed by a discussion of their interaction and unification. It is noted that alcohol…

A bill to award posthumously a Congressional Gold Medal to Giuseppe Garibaldi, and to Recognize the Republic of Italy on the 150th Anniversary of its Unification.

THOMAS, 112th Congress

Sen. Enzi, Michael B. [R-WY

2011-02-16

Senate - 02/16/2011 Read twice and referred to the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs. (All Actions) Tracker: This bill has the status IntroducedHere are the steps for Status of Legislation:

Minnesota Computer Aided Library System (MCALS); University of Minnesota Subsystem Cost/Benefits Analysis.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lourey, Eugene D., Comp.

The Minnesota Computer Aided Library System (MCALS) provides a basis of unification for library service program development in Minnesota for eventual linkage to the national information network. A prototype plan for communications functions is illustrated. A cost/benefits analysis was made to show the cost/effectiveness potential for MCALS. System…

Organizational Learning and the Transnationalization of Further Education: Pedagogical Research on Cross-Border Organizations

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Göhlich, Michael; Engel, Nicolas; Höhne, Thomas

2014-01-01

With the processes of migration, globalization and (in our research context: especially) European unification, not only territorial borders but also cultural traditions become fragile (Eberhard et al., 2009). The daily challenges, as well as the opportunities afforded by crossing national, cultural, and linguistic borders, are growing (Beyer &…

Essence and Explanation: "Idea" as a Pedagogical Tool in the Analysis Class.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Boge, Claire L.

One of the greatest challenges of music analysis, and especially its pedagogy, is the issue of unification: the integration of detailed and sometimes disparate analytical observations within a more global explanatory context. Music theory has traditionally addressed this issue from the perspective of syntax (the most familiar approaches being…

Reflections of the observer and the observed in quantum gravity

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ahluwalia, Dharam Vir

A broad brush impressionistic view of physics from the vantage point of someone living on a nearby dark-planet Zimpok is presented so as to argue that the observed and the observer are reflected in quantum gravity through a universal mass shared by neurones and a unification scale of the high energy physics.

What Artificial Grammar Learning Reveals about the Neurobiology of Syntax

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Petersson, Karl-Magnus; Folia, Vasiliki; Hagoort, Peter

2012-01-01

In this paper we examine the neurobiological correlates of syntax, the processing of structured sequences, by comparing FMRI results on artificial and natural language syntax. We discuss these and similar findings in the context of formal language and computability theory. We used a simple right-linear unification grammar in an implicit artificial…

Integration or Fragmentation? College Student Citizenship in the Global Society

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Rios-Aguilar, Cecilia; Mars, Matthew M.

2011-01-01

Globalization has led to a societal shift toward increased emphasis on the position of individuals in the transnational context and decreased focus on distinct, but unified, national identities. This shift has led scholars to question the relevancy and effectiveness of education as a mechanism of democracy and national unification as prominently…

Towards Post-Globalisation? On the Hegemony of Western Education and Development Discourses

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Nordtveit, Bjorn Harald

2010-01-01

This article argues that local discourses are narrowed through globalisation policies and questions whether one can characterise as "post-globalisation" a state of global and local unification in one capitalist discourse. Further, the article critically engages with such a state of the world, questioning the export of neoliberal western…

The Role of China in Korean Unification

DTIC Science & Technology

2003-06-01

Paleolithic sites. Furthermore, generally the Shang dynasty is regarded as not only China’s, but also East Asia’s first state (a traditional date: 1766 B.C...America and Assist Korea,’ starting to fit the entire country to a war orbit.”105 The PRC, encouraged by the Soviet Union, at last entered the

A North Korean Social Revolution in the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea

DTIC Science & Technology

2014-12-04

govern northern Korea. The DPRK regime began with Kim Il Sung and his North Korean Communist Party in the late Michigan: Pluto Press, 2008), 48, 79...Kwon. North Korea on the Brink: Struggle for Survival. Ann Arbor and London: Pluto Press, 2008. Fuqua Jr., Jacques L. Korean Unification: Inevitable

Electronic Structure of pi Systems: Part II. The Unification of Huckel and Valence Bond Theories.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Fox, Marye Anne; Matsen, F. A.

1985-01-01

Presents a new view of the electronic structure of pi systems that unifies molecular orbital and valence bond theories. Describes construction of electronic structure diagrams (central to this new view) which demonstrate how configuration interaction can improve qualitative predictions made from simple Huckel theory. (JN)

75 FR 57491 - Notice of Submission of Proposed Information Collection to OMB; Emergency Comment Request; Family...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-09-21

... Proposed Information Collection to OMB; Emergency Comment Request; Family Unification Program AGENCY... 1995 (44 U.S.C. Chapter 35, as amended). The Department is soliciting public comments on the subject... data. Public Housing Agencies (PHA) application for funding of new Housing Choice Vouchers to promote...

Pros and Cons: Compulsory 12 Year Education Reform in Turkey

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kasa, Basak; Ersöz, Yasemin

2016-01-01

Turkey has undergone two significant education reforms in the last two decades. In 1997, the compulsory education period was increased from five years to eight years with the unification of primary school (five years) and middle school (three years) and vocational middle schools were dismissed. In 2012, compulsory education was increased from…

Conflicts and Competition for Influence: The History of PETE in France

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Collinet, Cecile; Terral, Philippe

2007-01-01

The paper provides a historical analysis of the evolution of PE teacher education (PETE) in France since the end of the nineteenth century. It highlights three main points: the progressive unification and integration into university structures, the implementation of scientific research within the structures of PETE and the creation of a specific…

Achieving Common Expectations for Overall Goals amid Diversity among Cooperative Extension Faculty.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Taylor, Barbara

As a part of the initial phase of a strategic planning effort for the development of Florida's 1988 through 1991 long-range cooperative extension program, an effort was initiated to achieve common expectations for overall organizational mission and purpose among diverse cooperative extension faculty. The unification effort included the following…

Calvin Brainerd Cady: Thought and Feeling in the Study of Music.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Shiraishi, Fumiko

1999-01-01

Presents the life and work of Calvin Brainerd Cady, an influential U.S. music educator who developed a theory of music education that emphasized the unification of children's thoughts and feelings. Discusses Cady's educational practices in depth and how his work remains relevant to current music-education practices. (DSK)

77 FR 4336 - Notice of Proposed Information Collection for Public Comment on the Study of: Housing for Youth...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-01-27

...: Office of Policy Development and Research, HUD. ACTION: Notice of proposed information collection... and should be sent to: Reports Liaison Officer, Office of Policy Development and Research, Department... research on the role of Family Unification Program vouchers in providing housing for youth aging out of...

Rainbow Nation's "Ubuntu": Discovering Distinctness as a Spectrum through South African Literature

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Smith, Colin Bridges

2007-01-01

Apartheid created more than physical distances between color groups; South Africa is made up of people with often separated minds. Leaders of the democratic government draw from and modify the ancient African tribal value called "ubuntu" as the philosophic basis for their cultural strategy of unification. Sandra Chait has pointed out…

Rights-Based Education for South Asian Sponsored Wives in International Arranged Marriages

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Merali, Noorfarah

2008-01-01

The Family Class Category of Canada's Immigration Policy exists with the key objective of family unification. Among Canada's second largest immigrant group, the South Asians, the cultural practice of arranged marriage is applied across international borders, leading to spousal sponsorship. Existing research on South Asian sponsored wives suggests…

Human Communication, Semiotics, and General Systems: Personal and Social Communication.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ruben, Brent D.

Questions as to the nature of sign and symbol processes and the functions and behavioral consequences of human significant phenomena are of central concern in semiotics and communication. These matters continue to be of critical importance and are still largely unresolved. Scholars in both areas of inquiry have sought unification of scientific…

In Defense of Unification (Comments on West and Koch’s review of Causality)

DTIC Science & Technology

2014-09-01

textbook exercises versus unknown variables in ill-understood real life problems? I am similarly puzzled by W-C’s other findings. For example: “[In Pearl’s...version forthcoming, Journal of Sociological Methods and Research. Pearl, J. and Bareinboim, E. (2014). External validity: From do- calculus to

Unified View of Science and Technology for Education: Technoscience and Technoscience Education

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Tala, Suvi

2009-01-01

Science and technology education, both as distinct and integrated subjects, relies on a traditional conception of science and technology as quite different and separated enterprises. A closer look at the scientific progress, however, reveals the traditional view as being one-sided. This study scrutinises the unification of science and technology…

LHC-scale left-right symmetry and unification

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Arbeláez, Carolina; Romão, Jorge C.; Hirsch, Martin; Malinský, Michal

2014-02-01

We construct a comprehensive list of nonsupersymmetric standard model extensions with a low-scale left-right (LR)-symmetric intermediate stage that may be obtained as simple low-energy effective theories within a class of renormalizable SO(10) grand unified theories. Unlike the traditional "minimal" LR models many of our example settings support a perfect gauge coupling unification even if the LR scale is in the LHC domain at a price of only (a few copies of) one or two types of extra fields pulled down to the TeV-scale ballpark. We discuss the main aspects of a potentially realistic model building conforming the basic constraints from the quark and lepton sector flavor structure, proton decay limits, etc. We pay special attention to the theoretical uncertainties related to the limited information about the underlying unified framework in the bottom-up approach, in particular, to their role in the possible extraction of the LR-breaking scale. We observe a general tendency for the models without new colored states in the TeV domain to be on the verge of incompatibility with the proton stability constraints.

Toward a New Paradigm for the Unification of Radio Loud AGN and its Connection to Accretion

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Georganpoulos, Markos; Meyer, Eileen T.; Fossati, Giovanni; Lister, Matthew L.

2012-01-01

We recently argued [21J that the collective properties. of radio loud active galactic nuclei point to the existence of two families of sources, one of powerful sources with single velocity jets and one of weaker jets with significant velocity gradients in the radiating plasma. These families also correspond to different accretion modes and therefore different thermal and emission line intrinsic properties: powerful sources have radiatively efficient accretion disks, while in weak sources accretion must be radiatively inefficient. Here, after we briefly review of our recent work, we present the following findings that support our unification scheme: (i) along the broken sequence of aligned objects, the jet kinetic power increases. (ii) in the powerful branch of the sequence of aligned objects the fraction of BLLs decreases with increasing jet power. (iii) for powerful sources, the fraction of BLLs increases for more un-aligned objects, as measured by the core to extended radio emission. Our results are also compatible with the possibility that a given accretion power produces jets of comparable kinetic power.

Fermion dark matter in gauge-Higgs unification

DOE PAGES

Maru, Nobuhito; Miyaji, Takashi; Okada, Nobuchika; ...

2017-07-11

Here, we propose a Majorana fermion dark matter in the context of a s imple gauge-Higgs Unification (GHU) scenario based on the gauge group SU(3)×U(1)' in 5-dimensional Minkowski space with a compactification of the 5th dimension on S 1/Z 2 orbifold. The dark matter particle is identified with the lightest mode in SU(3) triplet fermions additionally introduced in the 5-dimensional bulk. We find an allowed parameter region for the dark matter mass around a half of the Standard Model Higgs boson mass, which is consistent with the observed dark matter density and the constraint from the LUX 2016 result formore » the direct dark matter search. The entire allowed region will be covered by, for example, the LUX-ZEPLIN dark matter experiment in the near future. We also show that in the presence of the bulk SU(3) triplet fermions the 125 GeV Higgs boson mas s is reproduced through the renormalization group evolution of Higgs quartic coupling with the compactification scale of around 10 8 GeV.« less

What hadron collider is required to discover or falsify natural supersymmetry?

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Baer, Howard; Barger, Vernon; Gainer, James S.; Huang, Peisi; Savoy, Michael; Serce, Hasan; Tata, Xerxes

2017-11-01

Weak scale supersymmetry (SUSY) remains a compelling extension of the Standard Model because it stabilizes the quantum corrections to the Higgs and W , Z boson masses. In natural SUSY models these corrections are, by definition, never much larger than the corresponding masses. Natural SUSY models all have an upper limit on the gluino mass, too high to lead to observable signals even at the high luminosity LHC. However, in models with gaugino mass unification, the wino is sufficiently light that supersymmetry discovery is possible in other channels over the entire natural SUSY parameter space with no worse than 3% fine-tuning. Here, we examine the SUSY reach in more general models with and without gaugino mass unification (specifically, natural generalized mirage mediation), and show that the high energy LHC (HE-LHC), a pp collider with √{ s } = 33 TeV, will be able to detect the SUSY signal over the entire allowed mass range. Thus, HE-LHC would either discover or conclusively falsify natural SUSY with better than 3% fine-tuning using a conservative measure that allows for correlations among the model parameters.

Toward unification of taxonomy databases in a distributed computer environment

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Kitakami, Hajime; Tateno, Yoshio; Gojobori, Takashi

1994-12-31

All the taxonomy databases constructed with the DNA databases of the international DNA data banks are powerful electronic dictionaries which aid in biological research by computer. The taxonomy databases are, however not consistently unified with a relational format. If we can achieve consistent unification of the taxonomy databases, it will be useful in comparing many research results, and investigating future research directions from existent research results. In particular, it will be useful in comparing relationships between phylogenetic trees inferred from molecular data and those constructed from morphological data. The goal of the present study is to unify the existent taxonomymore » databases and eliminate inconsistencies (errors) that are present in them. Inconsistencies occur particularly in the restructuring of the existent taxonomy databases, since classification rules for constructing the taxonomy have rapidly changed with biological advancements. A repair system is needed to remove inconsistencies in each data bank and mismatches among data banks. This paper describes a new methodology for removing both inconsistencies and mismatches from the databases on a distributed computer environment. The methodology is implemented in a relational database management system, SYBASE.« less

Efficient Unsteady Flow Visualization with High-Order Access Dependencies

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Zhang, Jiang; Guo, Hanqi; Yuan, Xiaoru

We present a novel high-order access dependencies based model for efficient pathline computation in unsteady flow visualization. By taking longer access sequences into account to model more sophisticated data access patterns in particle tracing, our method greatly improves the accuracy and reliability in data access prediction. In our work, high-order access dependencies are calculated by tracing uniformly-seeded pathlines in both forward and backward directions in a preprocessing stage. The effectiveness of our proposed approach is demonstrated through a parallel particle tracing framework with high-order data prefetching. Results show that our method achieves higher data locality and hence improves the efficiencymore » of pathline computation.« less

A reduced-order model for compressible flows with buffeting condition using higher order dynamic mode decomposition with a mode selection criterion

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kou, Jiaqing; Le Clainche, Soledad; Zhang, Weiwei

2018-01-01

This study proposes an improvement in the performance of reduced-order models (ROMs) based on dynamic mode decomposition to model the flow dynamics of the attractor from a transient solution. By combining higher order dynamic mode decomposition (HODMD) with an efficient mode selection criterion, the HODMD with criterion (HODMDc) ROM is able to identify dominant flow patterns with high accuracy. This helps us to develop a more parsimonious ROM structure, allowing better predictions of the attractor dynamics. The method is tested in the solution of a NACA0012 airfoil buffeting in a transonic flow, and its good performance in both the reconstruction of the original solution and the prediction of the permanent dynamics is shown. In addition, the robustness of the method has been successfully tested using different types of parameters, indicating that the proposed ROM approach is a tool promising for using in both numerical simulations and experimental data.

Phase shifts in the Fourier spectra of phase gratings and phase grids: an application for one-shot phase-shifting interferometry.

PubMed

Toto-Arellano, Noel-Ivan; Rodriguez-Zurita, Gustavo; Meneses-Fabian, Cruz; Vazquez-Castillo, Jose F

2008-11-10

Among several techniques, phase shifting interferometry can be implemented with a grating used as a beam divider to attain several interference patterns around each diffraction order. Because each pattern has to show a different phase-shift, a suitable shifting technique must be employed. Phase gratings are attractive to perform the former task due to their higher diffraction efficiencies. But as is very well known, the Fourier coefficients of only-phase gratings are integer order Bessel functions of the first kind. The values of these real-valued functions oscillate around zero, so they can adopt negative values, thereby introducing phase shifts of pi at certain diffraction orders. Because this almost trivial fact seems to have been overlooked in the literature regarding its practical implications, in this communication such phase shifts are stressed in the description of interference patterns obtained with grating interferometers. These patterns are obtained by placing two windows in the object plane of a 4f system with a sinusoidal grating/grid in the Fourier plane. It is shown that the corresponding experimental observations of the fringe modulation, as well as the corresponding phase measurements, are all in agreement with the proposed description. A one-shot phase shifting interferometer is finally proposed taking into account these properties after proper incorporation of modulation of polarization.

Pushing HTCondor and glideinWMS to 200K+ Jobs in a Global Pool for CMS before Run 2

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Balcas, J.; Belforte, S.; Bockelman, B.

2015-12-23

The CMS experiment at the LHC relies on HTCondor and glideinWMS as its primary batch and pilot-based Grid provisioning system. So far we have been running several independent resource pools, but we are working on unifying them all to reduce the operational load and more effectively share resources between various activities in CMS. The major challenge of this unification activity is scale. The combined pool size is expected to reach 200K job slots, which is significantly bigger than any other multi-user HTCondor based system currently in production. To get there we have studied scaling limitations in our existing pools, themore » biggest of which tops out at about 70K slots, providing valuable feedback to the development communities, who have responded by delivering improvements which have helped us reach higher and higher scales with more stability. We have also worked on improving the organization and support model for this critical service during Run 2 of the LHC. This contribution will present the results of the scale testing and experiences from the first months of running the Global Pool.« less

Excitation of Higher Order Modes of Cylindrical Dielectric Resonator Antenna using Dual-slot feed

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ojha, A. K.; Praveen Kumar, A. V.

2018-03-01

Excitation of the higher order modes (HOM) of a cylindrical dielectric resonator antenna(DRA) of high relative permittivity, using dual feed scheme is investigated. The feed scheme uses a pair of narrow slots and is chosen on the basis of the field distribution of the desired DRA modes. Numerical studies using ANSYS HFSS show that the dual-feed excited a combination of two HOMs, which are identified as HEM21δ and TM01δ. The mixed-up nature is further verified through studying the radiation pattern of the DRA which shows azimuthal asymmetry and low gain. It is suggested that if one of the HOM is suppressed, better antenna performance can be achieved.

Evidence of a metacognitive benefit to memory?

PubMed

Hollins, Timothy J; Weber, Nathan

2017-03-01

Studies of the memory-control framework have contrasted free-report and forced-report recall, with little regard to the order of these two tests. The present experiment sought to demonstrate that test order is crucial, and that this suggests a potential role for metacognitive monitoring on memory retrieval. Participants undertook tests of episodic and semantic memory in both free- and forced-report format, in one of the two potential response orders. This showed that free-report performance was more accurate if conducted prior to forced-report, rather than after it, with no cost to memory quantity. Additionally, there was a trend towards higher forced-report performance if it was preceded by an initial free-report test, a pattern revealed by a meta-analysis to be consistent with previous studies in the literature. These findings suggest a reciprocal relationship between metacognitive monitoring and early retrieval processes in memory that results in higher memory performance when monitoring is encouraged.

Near integrability of kink lattice with higher order interactions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jiang, Yun-Guo; Liu, Jia-Zhen; He, Song

2017-11-01

We make use of Manton’s analytical method to investigate the force between kinks and anti-kinks at large distances in 1+1 dimensional field theory. The related potential has infinite order corrections of exponential pattern, and the coefficients for each order are determined. These coefficients can also be obtained by solving the equation of the fluctuations around the vacuum. At the lowest order, the kink lattice represents the Toda lattice. With higher order correction terms, the kink lattice can represent one kind of generic Toda lattice. With only two sites, the kink lattice is classically integrable. If the number of sites of the lattice is larger than two, the kink lattice is not integrable but is a near integrable system. We make use of Flaschka’s variables to study the Lax pair of the kink lattice. These Flaschka’s variables have interesting algebraic relations and non-integrability can be manifested. We also discuss the higher Hamiltonians for the deformed open Toda lattice, which has a similar result to the ordinary deformed Toda. Supported by Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation (ZR2014AQ007), National Natural Science Foundation of China (11403015, U1531105), S. He is supported by Max-Planck fellowship in Germany and National Natural Science Foundation of China (11305235)

Seasonal variation of activity patterns in roe deer in a temperate forested area.

PubMed

Pagon, Nives; Grignolio, Stefano; Pipia, Anna; Bongi, Paolo; Bertolucci, Cristiano; Apollonio, Marco

2013-07-01

We investigated the activity patterns of a European roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) population living in a forested Apennine area in central Italy, in order to shed light on the environmental and biological factors that were expected to account for the observed activity patterns on daily and yearly bases. Daily and seasonal activity patterns of 31 radio-collared roe deer were assessed through sessions of radio tracking for a total period of 18 consecutive months. Roe deer showed bimodal activity patterns throughout the year, with the two highest peaks of activity recorded at dawn and dusk. Activity patterns of males and females differed during the territorial period (from early spring to late summer), whereas they did not during the nonterritorial period. Most likely, behavioral thermoregulation can be held responsible for variation of daily activity patterns in different seasons. In winter, for instance, activity during the dawn period was significantly higher than in other seasons and daylight activity was significantly higher than at night. Nocturnal activity was highest in summer and lowest in winter. During the hunting season, moreover, roe deer showed lower activity levels than during the rest of the year. The prediction that roe deer would show lower activity levels during full moon nights, when the predation risk was assumed to be higher, was not confirmed by our data. Activity rhythms in roe deer were thus subjected to both endogenous and environmental factors, the latter working as exogenous synchronization cues. Accordingly, in changing environmental and ecological conditions, a circadian cycle of activity could be seen as the result of complex interactions among daily behavioral rhythm, digestive physiology, and external modifying factors.

Foot strike patterns of runners at the 15-km point during an elite-level half marathon.

PubMed

Hasegawa, Hiroshi; Yamauchi, Takeshi; Kraemer, William J

2007-08-01

There are various recommendations by many coaches regarding foot landing techniques in distance running that are meant to improve running performance and prevent injuries. Several studies have investigated the kinematic and kinetic differences between rearfoot strike (RFS), midfoot strike (MFS), and forefoot strike (FFS) patterns at foot landing and their effects on running efficiency on a treadmill and over ground conditions. However, little is known about the actual condition of the foot strike pattern during an actual road race at the elite level of competition. The purpose of the present study was to document actual foot strike patterns during a half marathon in which elite international level runners, including Olympians, compete. Four hundred fifteen runners were filmed by 2 120-Hz video cameras in the height of 0.15 m placed at the 15.0-km point and obtained sagittal foot landing and taking off images for 283 runners. Rearfoot strike was observed in 74.9% of all analyzed runners, MFS in 23.7%, and FFS in 1.4%. The percentage of MFS was higher in the faster runners group, when all runners were ranked and divided into 50 runner groups at the 15.0-km point of the competition. In the top 50, which included up to the 69th place runner in actual order who passed the 15-km point at 45 minutes, 53 second (this speed represents 5.45 m x s(-1), or 15 minutes, 17 seconds per 5 km), RFS, MFS, and FFS were 62.0, 36.0, and 2.0%, respectively. Contact time (CT) clearly increased for the slower runners, or the placement order increased (r = 0.71, p < or = 0.05). The CT for RFS + FFS for every 50 runners group significantly increased with increase of the placement order. The CT for RFS was significantly longer than MFS + FFS (200.0 +/- 21.3 vs. 183.0 +/- 16 millisecond). Apparent inversion (INV) of the foot at the foot strike was observed in 42% of all runners. The percentage of INV for MFS was higher than for RFS and FFS (62.5, 32.0, and 50%, respectively). The CT with INV for MFS + FFS was significantly shorter than the CT with and without INV for RFS. Furthermore, the CT with INV was significantly shorter than push-off time without INV for RFS. The findings of this study indicate that foot strike patterns are related to running speed. The percentage of RFS increases with the decreasing of the running speed; conversely, the percentage of MFS increases as the running speed increases. A shorter contact time and a higher frequency of inversion at the foot contact might contribute to higher running economy.

Planetary Patterns. Grade 8 Science, Language Usage. Maryland School Performance Assessment Program (MSPAP): Resource Library. Public Release Task.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Maryland State Dept. of Education. Baltimore. Div. of Planning, Results and Information Management.

One component of the Maryland School Performance Assessment Program (MSPAP) is the state's performance-based assessments, criterion-referenced tests that require students to apply what they know and can do to solve problems and display other higher-order thinking skills. This document helps parents, teachers, students, and other citizens…

Social Software and Academic Practice: Postgraduate Students as Co-Designers of Web 2.0 Tools

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Carmichael, Patrick; Burchmore, Helen

2010-01-01

In order to develop potentially transformative Web 2.0 tools in higher education, the complexity of existing academic practices, including current patterns of technology use, must be recognised. This paper describes how a series of participatory design activities allowed postgraduate students in education, social sciences and computer sciences to…

Geographic Mobility and Social Inequality among Peruvian University Students

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wells, Ryan; Cuenca, Ricardo; Blanco Ramirez, Gerardo; Aragón, Jorge

2018-01-01

The purpose of this study was to explore geographic mobility among university students in Peru and to understand how mobility patterns differ by region and by demographic indicators of inequality. The ways that students may be able to move geographically in order to access quality higher education within the educational system can be a driver of…

The Use of Metacognitive Knowledge Patterns to Compose Physics Higher Order Thinking Problems

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Abdullah, Helmi; Malago, Jasruddin D.; Bundu, Patta; Thalib, Syamsul Bachri

2013-01-01

The main aspect in physics learning is the use of equation in problem solving. Equation is a mathematical form of theoretical statements, principles, and laws in physics, and describes a relationship between one concept to another by using a specific symbol. In a context of knowledge dimension, equation is a procedural knowledge. Students are…

Spatial coherence resonance and spatial pattern transition induced by the decrease of inhibitory effect in a neuronal network

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tao, Ye; Gu, Huaguang; Ding, Xueli

2017-10-01

Spiral waves were observed in the biological experiment on rat brain cortex with the application of carbachol and bicuculline which can block inhibitory coupling from interneurons to pyramidal neurons. To simulate the experimental spiral waves, a two-dimensional neuronal network composed of pyramidal neurons and inhibitory interneurons was built. By decreasing the percentage of active inhibitory interneurons, the random-like spatial patterns change to spiral waves and to random-like spatial patterns or nearly synchronous behaviors. The spiral waves appear at a low percentage of inhibitory interneurons, which matches the experimental condition that inhibitory couplings of the interneurons were blocked. The spiral waves exhibit a higher order or signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) characterized by spatial structure function than both random-like spatial patterns and nearly synchronous behaviors, which shows that changes of the percentage of active inhibitory interneurons can induce spatial coherence resonance-like behaviors. In addition, the relationship between the coherence degree and the spatial structures of the spiral waves is identified. The results not only present a possible and reasonable interpretation to the spiral waves observed in the biological experiment on the brain cortex with disinhibition, but also reveal that the spiral waves exhibit more ordered degree in spatial patterns.

Incommensurate growth of Co thin film on close-packed Ag(111) surface

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Barman, Sukanta, E-mail: sukanta.ac@gmail.com; Menon, Krishna Kumar S. R., E-mail: krishna.menon@saha.ac.in

2016-05-06

Growth of ultrathin Co layers on close-packed Ag(111)were investigated by means of Low Energy Electron Diffraction (LEED), X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) and Angle-resolved Photoemission Spectroscopy(ARPES) techniques. The close-packed hexagonal face of Co(0001), exhibits a lattice misfit about 13% with Ag(111) surface which manipulates the growth to be incommensurate up to a certain thickness. The strain field causes aperiodic height undulation in the sub-angstrom regime of the film which was confirmed by p(1 × 1) LEED pattern along with a 6-fold moiré reconstruction pattern in the lower film thickness (up to ∼2ML). The evolution of the LEED pattern was studied withmore » increasing film coverage. Lattice strain was measured with respect to the relative positions of these double spots as a functionof film thickness. Almost a constant strain (∼13%) in the full range of film thickness explains the moiré pattern formation in order to stabilize the incommensurate growth. For higher film coverages, an epitaxial well-ordered commensurate growth was observed. Core level and valance band electronic structures of these films were studied by XPS and ARPES techniques.« less

Early Developmental and Evolutionary Origins of Gene Body DNA Methylation Patterns in Mammalian Placentas

PubMed Central

Schroeder, Diane I.; Jayashankar, Kartika; Douglas, Kory C.; Thirkill, Twanda L.; York, Daniel; Dickinson, Pete J.; Williams, Lawrence E.; Samollow, Paul B.; Ross, Pablo J.; Bannasch, Danika L.; Douglas, Gordon C.; LaSalle, Janine M.

2015-01-01

Over the last 20-80 million years the mammalian placenta has taken on a variety of morphologies through both divergent and convergent evolution. Recently we have shown that the human placenta genome has a unique epigenetic pattern of large partially methylated domains (PMDs) and highly methylated domains (HMDs) with gene body DNA methylation positively correlating with level of gene expression. In order to determine the evolutionary conservation of DNA methylation patterns and transcriptional regulatory programs in the placenta, we performed a genome-wide methylome (MethylC-seq) analysis of human, rhesus macaque, squirrel monkey, mouse, dog, horse, and cow placentas as well as opossum extraembryonic membrane. We found that, similar to human placenta, mammalian placentas and opossum extraembryonic membrane have globally lower levels of methylation compared to somatic tissues. Higher relative gene body methylation was the conserved feature across all mammalian placentas, despite differences in PMD/HMDs and absolute methylation levels. Specifically, higher methylation over the bodies of genes involved in mitosis, vesicle-mediated transport, protein phosphorylation, and chromatin modification was observed compared with the rest of the genome. As in human placenta, higher methylation is associated with higher gene expression and is predictive of genic location across species. Analysis of DNA methylation in oocytes and preimplantation embryos shows a conserved pattern of gene body methylation similar to the placenta. Intriguingly, mouse and cow oocytes and mouse early embryos have PMD/HMDs but their placentas do not, suggesting that PMD/HMDs are a feature of early preimplantation methylation patterns that become lost during placental development in some species and following implantation of the embryo. PMID:26241857

More Vision than Renaissance: Arabic as a Language of Science in the UAE

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Cook, William Robert Amilan

2017-01-01

Since its unification in 1971, the United Arab Emirates has experienced tremendous growth. Wealth generated by the oil industry has helped the country rapidly develop all levels of the educational system along with the economy (Davidson in "After the Sheikhs: the coming collapse of the Gulf monarchies," Hurst, London, 2013). English has…

Current Standardization and Cooperative Efforts Related to Industrial Information Infrastructures.

DTIC Science & Technology

1993-05-01

Data Management Systems: Components used to store, manage, and retrieve data. Data management includes knowledge bases, database management...Application Development Tools and Methods X/Open and POSIX APIs Integrated Design Support System (IDS) Knowledge -Based Systems (KBS) Application...IDEFlx) Yourdon Jackson System Design (JSD) Knowledge -Based Systems (KBSs) Structured Systems Development (SSD) Semantic Unification Meta-Model

Two-loop renormalization of gaugino masses in general supersymmetric gauge models

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Yamada, Y.

1994-01-03

We calculate the two-loop renormalization group equations for the running gaugino masses in general supersymmetry (SUSY) gauge models, improving our previous result. We also study its consequences on the unification of the gaugino masses in the SUSY SU(5) model. The two-loop correction to the one-loop relation [ital m][sub [ital i

Detecting Motion from a Moving Platform; Phase 3: Unification of Control and Sensing for More Advanced Situational Awareness

DTIC Science & Technology

2011-11-01

RX-TY-TR-2011-0096-01) develops a novel computer vision sensor based upon the biological vision system of the common housefly , Musca domestica...01 summarizes the development of a novel computer vision sensor based upon the biological vision system of the common housefly , Musca domestica

Epideictic Rhetoric in the Context of Ritual Behavior: Rock Concerts.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Purnell, Sandra E.

This study focuses upon the rock concert as a ceremonial or epideictic rhetoric. A major function of rhetoric, Kenneth Burke suggests, is to achieve a symbolic transcendence of the sense of division among men. Rock music, the author contends, fulfills this Burkean definition and serves the dual function of identification and unification for the…

Ethical Considerations for Islamic Insurgency Movements: A Case Study of the Algerian Civil War, 1992-1998

DTIC Science & Technology

2001-04-12

as elections or legislation because they hold that only God can legislate . This was seen in the seminal unification communiqué of May, 1994 in which...Kelsay, John. Islam and War: A Study in Comparative Ethics, The Gulf War and Beyond. Louisville, KY: Westminister /John Knox Press, 1993. Khadduri, Majid

Adaptive Systems in Education: A Review and Conceptual Unification

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wilson, Chunyu; Scott, Bernard

2017-01-01

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to review the use of adaptive systems in education. It is intended to be a useful introduction for the non-specialist reader. Design/methodology/approach: A distinction is made between intelligent tutoring systems (ITSs) and adaptive hypermedia systems (AHSs). The two kinds of system are defined, compared and…

Gagne's DMGT 2.0: A Possible Model of Unification and Shared Understandings

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bannister-Tyrrell, Michelle

2017-01-01

Gagne's (1985, 2004, 2008, 2010, 2013) Differentiated Model of Giftedness and Talent (DMGT) has evolved in response to findings from the research in cognitive and developmental psychology and neuroscience. As the DMGT is commonly used in Australia, it is important that the model reflects our understanding of intelligence, what high potential is…

Fourier Descriptor Analysis and Unification of Voice Range Profile Contours: Method and Applications

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Pabon, Peter; Ternstrom, Sten; Lamarche, Anick

2011-01-01

Purpose: To describe a method for unified description, statistical modeling, and comparison of voice range profile (VRP) contours, even from diverse sources. Method: A morphologic modeling technique, which is based on Fourier descriptors (FDs), is applied to the VRP contour. The technique, which essentially involves resampling of the curve of the…

Web-Enhanced, Standards-Oriented Teaching Units on Post-Wall Germany for the Secondary School Classroom.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Van Handle, Donna C.; Ayres, Evelyn; Cimino, Ellen; Dunn, Bryan; Foell, Kimberly; McCarthy, Jennifer K.

2001-01-01

Describes the creation and use of Web sites developed by secondary school teachers of German and European history who participated in an NEH-sponsored summer institute titled "Post-Wall Germany: Integrating Post-Unification German Culture into the High School Curriculum. Teacher participants also offer suggestions for using sites they created…

Distributed expert systems for ground and space applications

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Buckley, Brian; Wheatcraft, Louis

1992-01-01

Presented here is the Spacecraft Command Language (SCL) concept of the unification of ground and space operations using a distributed approach. SCL is a hybrid software environment borrowing from expert system technology, fifth generation language development, and multitasking operating system environments. Examples of potential uses for the system and current distributed applications of SCL are given.

The Kodaikanal Experience: Chapter I. Kahn-Wikramaratne Interview

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

NAMTA Journal, 2013

2013-01-01

The Kodaikanal years were from late 1942 to March, 1944, a period of internment for Maria Montessori against her will in India. Yet in these remote hills, a fanfare and training course emerged, and so did the inspiration for an in-depth unification principle for the elementary program which we now loosely call Cosmic Education. These two…

Molecular selection in a unified evolutionary sequence

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Fox, S. W.

1986-01-01

With guidance from experiments and observations that indicate internally limited phenomena, an outline of unified evolutionary sequence is inferred. Such unification is not visible for a context of random matrix and random mutation. The sequence proceeds from Big Bang through prebiotic matter, protocells, through the evolving cell via molecular and natural selection, to mind, behavior, and society.

The Case for a Schism: A Commentary on Subotnik, Olszewski-Kubilius, and Worrell (2011)

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

McBee, Matthew T.; McCoach, D. Betsy; Peters, Scott J.; Matthews, Michael S.

2012-01-01

Lack of theoretical coherence in the field of gifted education has given rise to multiple attempts at a grand unification, including most recently the work of Subotnik, Olszewski-Kubilius, and Worrell (2011). The authors argue that the incoherence is an inevitable consequence of the fundamental incompatibility of theoretical and definitional…

Governance in Adult and Further Education: Unified Germany as a Case Study

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Schrader, Josef

2010-01-01

There is little discussion in Germany on governance of further education. This is surprising for two reasons--first, that the process of German unification should have sparked such a debate, and second, because it was expected that the current international discussions about governance would also reach a scholarly debate on further education. A…

Education for Poor Neapolitan Children: Julie Schwabe's Nineteenth-Century Secular Mission

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Albisetti, James C.

2006-01-01

British support for Italian unification in the nineteenth century is well known but little research exists on continued British involvement with Italy after 1860. One of the most remarkable figures of this era was Julie Schwabe, who launched a one-woman campaign to raise funds to establish schools in Naples. Her first institution closed because of…

The Scientific Denial of the Real and the Dialectic of Scientism and Humanism

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ramey, Christopher H.; Chrysikou, Evangelia G.

2005-01-01

This article presents comments on "Realism, Instrumentalism, and Scientific Symbiosis: Psychological Theory as a Search for Truth and the Discovery of Solutions" by John T. Cacioppo, Gun R. Semin and Gary G. Berntson. The appeal for the unification of psychology is in fashion and Cacioppo et al.'s term "symbiosis" connotes a cooperative and…

Attitudes toward the Unification of Western Europe and Cross-National Suicide Rates: Eight European Countries, 1973-1990.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Fernquist, Robert M.

2001-01-01

Political integration theory (Durkheim) argues that when political crises occur, individuals band together to solve the problem at hand, which yields lower suicide rates. This analysis examines a different component of political integration-attitudes. Cross-sectional time series analysis reveals that attitudes individuals hold toward such an event…

Social Change and Individual Change--Developmental Science as Guide Post

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Silbereisen, Rainer K.

2012-01-01

From a biopsychosocial perspective on human development, this essay review introduces a model linking social changes at the macro level with individual development at the micro level. German unification and the globalization of economy that followed are taken as a case in point for social changes that have affected the lives of many. It is argued…

Language Testing, "Integration" and Subtractive Multilingualism in Italy: Challenges for Adult Immigrant Second Language and Literacy Education

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Love, Stephanie V.

2015-01-01

Since Italy's unification in 1861, the establishment and diffusion of the standard Italian language at the expense of all other linguistic varieties has dominated language and education policy discourses. Today, as Italy has transformed from a country of mass "emigration" to a country of mass "immigration," the language…

Quantification of Inlet Impedance Concept and a Study of the Rayleigh Formula for Noise Radiation from Ducted Fan Engines

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Posey, Joe W.; Dunn, M. H.; Farassat, F.

2004-01-01

This paper addresses two aspects of duct propagation and radiation which can contribute to more efficient fan noise predictions. First, we assess the effectiveness of Rayleigh's formula as a ducted fan noise prediction tool. This classical result which predicts the sound produced by a piston in a flanged duct is expanded to include the uniform axial inflow case. Radiation patterns using Rayleigh's formula with single radial mode input are compared to those obtained from the more precise ducted fan noise prediction code TBIEM3D. Agreement between the two methods is excellent in the peak noise regions both forward and aft. Next, we use TBIEM3D to calculate generalized radiation impedances and power transmission coefficients. These quantities are computed for a wide range of operating parameters. Results were obtained for higher Mach numbers, frequencies, and circumferential mode orders than have been previously published. Viewed as functions of frequency, calculated trends in lower order inlet impedances and power transmission coefficients are in agreement with known results. The relationships are more oscillatory for higher order modes and higher Mach numbers.

The detection of higher-order acoustic transitions is reflected in the N1 ERP.

PubMed

Weise, Annekathrin; Schröger, Erich; Horváth, János

2018-01-30

The auditory system features various types of dedicated change detectors enabling the rapid parsing of auditory stimulation into distinct events. The activity of such detectors is reflected by the N1 ERP. Interestingly, certain acoustic transitions show an asymmetric N1 elicitation pattern: whereas first-order transitions (e.g., a change from a segment of constant frequency to a frequency glide [c-to-g change]) elicit N1, higher-order transitions (e.g., glide-to-constant [g-to-c] changes) do not. Consensus attributes this asymmetry to the absence of any available sensory mechanism that is able to rapidly detect higher-order changes. In contrast, our study provides compelling evidence for such a mechanism. We collected electrophysiological and behavioral data in a transient-detection paradigm. In each condition, a random (50%-50%) sequence of two types of tones occurred, which did or did not contain a transition (e.g., c-to-g and constant stimuli or g-to-c and glide tones). Additionally, the rate of pitch change of the glide varied (i.e., 10 vs. 40 semitones per second) in order to increase the number of responding neural assemblies. The rate manipulation modulated transient ERPs and behavioral detection performance for g-to-c transitions much stronger than for c-to-g transitions. The topographic and tomographic analyses suggest that the N1 response to c-to-g and also to g-to-c transitions emerged from the superior temporal gyrus. This strongly supports a sensory mechanism that allows the fast detection of higher-order changes. © 2018 Society for Psychophysiological Research.

Modeling Multi-Agent Self-Organization through the Lens of Higher Order Attractor Dynamics.

PubMed

Butner, Jonathan E; Wiltshire, Travis J; Munion, A K

2017-01-01

Social interaction occurs across many time scales and varying numbers of agents; from one-on-one to large-scale coordination in organizations, crowds, cities, and colonies. These contexts, are characterized by emergent self-organization that implies higher order coordinated patterns occurring over time that are not due to the actions of any particular agents, but rather due to the collective ordering that occurs from the interactions of the agents. Extant research to understand these social coordination dynamics (SCD) has primarily examined dyadic contexts performing rhythmic tasks. To advance this area of study, we elaborate on attractor dynamics, our ability to depict them visually, and quantitatively model them. Primarily, we combine difference/differential equation modeling with mixture modeling as a way to infer the underlying topological features of the data, which can be described in terms of attractor dynamic patterns. The advantage of this approach is that we are able to quantify the self-organized dynamics that agents exhibit, link these dynamics back to activity from individual agents, and relate it to other variables central to understanding the coordinative functionality of a system's behavior. We present four examples that differ in the number of variables used to depict the attractor dynamics (1, 2, and 6) and range from simulated to non-simulated data sources. We demonstrate that this is a flexible method that advances scientific study of SCD in a variety of multi-agent systems.

Individual-level movement bias leads to the formation of higher-order social structure in a mobile group of baboons.

PubMed

Bonnell, Tyler R; Clarke, Parry M; Henzi, S Peter; Barrett, Louise

2017-07-01

In mobile social groups, influence patterns driving group movement can vary between democratic and despotic. The arrival at any single pattern of influence is thought to be underpinned by both environmental factors and group composition. To identify the specific patterns of influence driving travel decision-making in a chacma baboon troop, we used spatially explicit data to extract patterns of individual movement bias. We scaled these estimates of individual-level bias to the level of the group by constructing an influence network and assessing its emergent structural properties. Our results indicate that there is heterogeneity in movement bias: individual animals respond consistently to particular group members, and higher-ranking animals are more likely to influence the movement of others. This heterogeneity resulted in a group-level network structure that consisted of a single core and two outer shells. Here, the presence of a core suggests that a set of highly interdependent animals drove routine group movements. These results suggest that heterogeneity at the individual level can lead to group-level influence structures, and that movement patterns in mobile social groups can add to the exploration of both how these structures develop (i.e. mechanistic aspects) and what consequences they have for individual- and group-level outcomes (i.e. functional aspects).

Pattern recall skills of talented soccer players: Two new methods applied.

PubMed

van Maarseveen, Mariëtte J J; Oudejans, Raôul R D; Savelsbergh, Geert J P

2015-06-01

In this study we analyzed the pattern recall skills of talented soccer players by means of two innovative methods of analysis and gaze behavior data. Twenty-two young female soccer players watched video clips of 3 vs. 3 small-sided games and, after occlusion, had to reproduce the positions of the players. Recall performance was measured by calculating the spatial error of the recalled player positions at the moment of occlusion and at consecutive 33ms increments. We analyzed player positions relative to each other, by assessing geometric pattern features in terms of angles between players, and we transformed the data into real-world coordinates to exclude the effects of the 2D perspective in the video clips. The results showed that the participants anticipated the movements of the patterns. In real-world coordinates, the more experienced players anticipated the pattern further in advance than the less experienced players and demonstrated a higher search rate, a shorter fixation duration and a higher fixation order. The differences in recall accuracy between the defensive and offensive elements were not consistent across the methods of analysis and, therefore, we propose that perspective effects of the video clip should be taken into account in further research. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Individual-level movement bias leads to the formation of higher-order social structure in a mobile group of baboons

PubMed Central

Clarke, Parry M.; Henzi, S. Peter; Barrett, Louise

2017-01-01

In mobile social groups, influence patterns driving group movement can vary between democratic and despotic. The arrival at any single pattern of influence is thought to be underpinned by both environmental factors and group composition. To identify the specific patterns of influence driving travel decision-making in a chacma baboon troop, we used spatially explicit data to extract patterns of individual movement bias. We scaled these estimates of individual-level bias to the level of the group by constructing an influence network and assessing its emergent structural properties. Our results indicate that there is heterogeneity in movement bias: individual animals respond consistently to particular group members, and higher-ranking animals are more likely to influence the movement of others. This heterogeneity resulted in a group-level network structure that consisted of a single core and two outer shells. Here, the presence of a core suggests that a set of highly interdependent animals drove routine group movements. These results suggest that heterogeneity at the individual level can lead to group-level influence structures, and that movement patterns in mobile social groups can add to the exploration of both how these structures develop (i.e. mechanistic aspects) and what consequences they have for individual- and group-level outcomes (i.e. functional aspects). PMID:28791140

Multiple bunch HOM evaluation for ERL cavities

DOE PAGES

Xu, Chen; Ben-Zvi, I.; Blaskiewicz, Michael M.; ...

2017-06-15

In this paper we investigate the effect of the bunch pattern in a linac on the Higher Order Mode (HOM) power generation. The future ERL-based electron–ion collider eRHIC at BNL is used as an illustrative example. This ERL has multiple high current Superconducting Radiofrequency (SRF) 5-cell cavities. The HOM power generated when a single bunch traverses the cavity is estimated by the corresponding loss factor. Multiple re-circulations through the Energy Recovery Linac (ERL) create a specific bunch pattern. In this case the loss factor can be different than the single bunch loss factor. HOM power can vary dramatically when themore » ERL bunch pattern changes. The HOM power generation can be surveyed in the time and frequency domains. We estimate the average HOM power in a 5-cell cavity with different ERL bunch patterns.« less

Multiple bunch HOM evaluation for ERL cavities

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Xu, Chen; Ben-Zvi, I.; Blaskiewicz, Michael M.; Hao, Yue; Ptitsyn, Vadim

2017-09-01

In this work we investigate the effect of the bunch pattern in a linac on the Higher Order Mode (HOM) power generation. The future ERL-based electron-ion collider eRHIC at BNL is used as an illustrative example. This ERL has multiple high current Superconducting Radiofrequency (SRF) 5-cell cavities. The HOM power generated when a single bunch traverses the cavity is estimated by the corresponding loss factor. Multiple re-circulations through the Energy Recovery Linac (ERL) create a specific bunch pattern. In this case the loss factor can be different than the single bunch loss factor. HOM power can vary dramatically when the ERL bunch pattern changes. The HOM power generation can be surveyed in the time and frequency domains. We estimate the average HOM power in a 5-cell cavity with different ERL bunch patterns.

Multiple bunch HOM evaluation for ERL cavities

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Xu, Chen; Ben-Zvi, I.; Blaskiewicz, Michael M.

In this paper we investigate the effect of the bunch pattern in a linac on the Higher Order Mode (HOM) power generation. The future ERL-based electron–ion collider eRHIC at BNL is used as an illustrative example. This ERL has multiple high current Superconducting Radiofrequency (SRF) 5-cell cavities. The HOM power generated when a single bunch traverses the cavity is estimated by the corresponding loss factor. Multiple re-circulations through the Energy Recovery Linac (ERL) create a specific bunch pattern. In this case the loss factor can be different than the single bunch loss factor. HOM power can vary dramatically when themore » ERL bunch pattern changes. The HOM power generation can be surveyed in the time and frequency domains. We estimate the average HOM power in a 5-cell cavity with different ERL bunch patterns.« less

Discrimination, Psychosocial Stress, and Health among Latin American Immigrants in Oregon

PubMed Central

McClure, Heather H.; Snodgrass, J. Josh; Martinez, Charles R.; Eddy, J. Mark; Jiménez, Roberto A.; Isiordia, Laura E.

2009-01-01

Chronic psychosocial stress related to discrimination has been shown to be associated with biological measures such as elevated systolic blood pressure (SBP), increased body fat, and higher fasting glucose levels. Few studies have examined this relationship in immigrant populations. The present study recruited a sample of 132 Oregon Latino immigrant adults in order to investigate the relationships between perceived discrimination and several health measures (blood pressure, body mass index [BMI], and fasting glucose). Results indicate that perceived discrimination stress predicted elevated SBP among men but not among women. Perceived discrimination was significantly higher among obese women than among women of normal BMI. The same pattern was not observed for men. Further, a strong trend relationship was detected: the higher women’s reported discrimination stress, the higher their fasting glucose levels. Again, this pattern was not observed for men. These results suggest that chronic psychosocial stress plays an important role in disease risk among Latin American immigrants, and that male and female immigrants may have distinctive physiological responses. If confirmed, these findings may have important clinical and public health implications for chronic disease prevention among Latinos. PMID:19844904

Nanoscaled surface patterning of conducting polymers.

PubMed

Jiang, Lin; Wang, Xing; Chi, Lifeng

2011-05-23

In continuing the steady development of integrated-circuit-related fabrication, the ability to pattern conducting polymers into smaller and smaller sizes in order to realize devices with enhanced performance or even wholly new properties begins to take a more prominent role in their advanced applications. This review summarizes the recent advances in top-down and bottom-up patterning of conducting polymers on surfaces with different approaches including direct writing, in-situ synthesis or assembly, etching, and nanoscratching. All of the latest emerging strategies have the potential to go beyond the current state of the art towards real progress in terms of high-precision positioning, high resolution, high throughout, higher stability, facile processing, and lower-cost production. Copyright © 2011 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

Differential expression of vesicular glutamate transporters 1 and 2 may identify distinct modes of glutamatergic transmission in the macaque visual system

PubMed Central

Balaram, Pooja; Hackett, Troy A.; Kaas, Jon H.

2013-01-01

Glutamate is the primary neurotransmitter utilized by the mammalian visual system for excitatory neurotransmission. The sequestration of glutamate into synaptic vesicles, and the subsequent transport of filled vesicles to the presynaptic terminal membrane, is regulated by a family of proteins known as vesicular glutamate transporters (VGLUTs). Two VGLUT proteins, VGLUT1 and VGLUT2, characterize distinct sets of glutamatergic projections between visual structures in rodents and prosimian primates, yet little is known about their distributions in the visual system of anthropoid primates. We have examined the mRNA and protein expression patterns of VGLUT1 and VGLUT2 in the visual system of macaque monkeys, an Old World anthropoid primate, in order to determine their relative distributions in the superior colliculus, lateral geniculate nucleus, pulvinar complex, V1 and V2. Distinct expression patterns for both VGLUT1 and VGLUT2 identified architectonic boundaries in all structures, as well as anatomical subdivisions of the superior colliculus, pulvinar complex, and V1. These results suggest that VGLUT1 and VGLUT2 clearly identify regions of glutamatergic input in visual structures, and may identify common architectonic features of visual areas and nuclei across the primate radiation. Additionally, we find that VGLUT1 and VGLUT2 characterize distinct subsets of glutamatergic projections in the macaque visual system; VGLUT2 predominates in driving or feedforward projections from lower order to higher order visual structures while VGLUT1 predominates in modulatory or feedback projections from higher order to lower order visual structures. The distribution of these two proteins suggests that VGLUT1 and VGLUT2 may identify class 1 and class 2 type glutamatergic projections within the primate visual system (Sherman and Guillery, 2006). PMID:23524295

Differential expression of vesicular glutamate transporters 1 and 2 may identify distinct modes of glutamatergic transmission in the macaque visual system.

PubMed

Balaram, Pooja; Hackett, Troy A; Kaas, Jon H

2013-05-01

Glutamate is the primary neurotransmitter utilized by the mammalian visual system for excitatory neurotransmission. The sequestration of glutamate into synaptic vesicles, and the subsequent transport of filled vesicles to the presynaptic terminal membrane, is regulated by a family of proteins known as vesicular glutamate transporters (VGLUTs). Two VGLUT proteins, VGLUT1 and VGLUT2, characterize distinct sets of glutamatergic projections between visual structures in rodents and prosimian primates, yet little is known about their distributions in the visual system of anthropoid primates. We have examined the mRNA and protein expression patterns of VGLUT1 and VGLUT2 in the visual system of macaque monkeys, an Old World anthropoid primate, in order to determine their relative distributions in the superior colliculus, lateral geniculate nucleus, pulvinar complex, V1 and V2. Distinct expression patterns for both VGLUT1 and VGLUT2 identified architectonic boundaries in all structures, as well as anatomical subdivisions of the superior colliculus, pulvinar complex, and V1. These results suggest that VGLUT1 and VGLUT2 clearly identify regions of glutamatergic input in visual structures, and may identify common architectonic features of visual areas and nuclei across the primate radiation. Additionally, we find that VGLUT1 and VGLUT2 characterize distinct subsets of glutamatergic projections in the macaque visual system; VGLUT2 predominates in driving or feedforward projections from lower order to higher order visual structures while VGLUT1 predominates in modulatory or feedback projections from higher order to lower order visual structures. The distribution of these two proteins suggests that VGLUT1 and VGLUT2 may identify class 1 and class 2 type glutamatergic projections within the primate visual system (Sherman and Guillery, 2006). Copyright © 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Structural assemblies of the di- and oligomeric G-protein coupled receptor TGR5 in live cells: an MFIS-FRET and integrative modelling study

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Greife, Annemarie; Felekyan, Suren; Ma, Qijun; Gertzen, Christoph G. W.; Spomer, Lina; Dimura, Mykola; Peulen, Thomas O.; Wöhler, Christina; Häussinger, Dieter; Gohlke, Holger; Keitel, Verena; Seidel, Claus A. M.

2016-11-01

TGR5 is the first identified bile acid-sensing G-protein coupled receptor, which has emerged as a potential therapeutic target for metabolic disorders. So far, structural and multimerization properties are largely unknown for TGR5. We used a combined strategy applying cellular biology, Multiparameter Image Fluorescence Spectroscopy (MFIS) for quantitative FRET analysis, and integrative modelling to obtain structural information about dimerization and higher-order oligomerization assemblies of TGR5 wildtype (wt) and Y111 variants fused to fluorescent proteins. Residue 111 is located in transmembrane helix 3 within the highly conserved ERY motif. Co-immunoprecipitation and MFIS-FRET measurements with gradually increasing acceptor to donor concentrations showed that TGR5 wt forms higher-order oligomers, a process disrupted in TGR5 Y111A variants. From the concentration dependence of the MFIS-FRET data we conclude that higher-order oligomers - likely with a tetramer organization - are formed from dimers, the smallest unit suggested for TGR5 Y111A variants. Higher-order oligomers likely have a linear arrangement with interaction sites involving transmembrane helix 1 and helix 8 as well as transmembrane helix 5. The latter interaction is suggested to be disrupted by the Y111A mutation. The proposed model of TGR5 oligomer assembly broadens our view of possible oligomer patterns and affinities of class A GPCRs.

Superworld without supersymmetry

DOE PAGES

Chakdar, Shreyashi; Ghosh, Kirtiman; Nandi, S.

2016-03-01

It is possible that the superworld (supersymmetric partners of our world) does exist without supersymmetry. The two worlds are being distinguished by an unbroken discrete Z 2symmetry (similar to R-parity in supersymmetry). We lose the solution to the hierarchy problem. However, such a scenario has several motivations. For example, the lightest neutral superworld particle will be a candidate for dark matter. The other being, as in supersymmetry, it is possible to achieve gauge coupling unification. One major difference with the supersymmetric theory is that such a theory is much more general since it is not constrained by supersymmetry. For example,more » some of the gauge couplings connecting the Standard Model particles with the superpartners now become free Yukawa couplings. The final state signals as well as the limits on the superworld particles can be modified both qualitatively and quantitatively. The reach for these superworld particles at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) can be much higher than the superpartners, leading to the increased possibility of discovering new physics at the LHC.« less

Vehicle track segmentation using higher order random fields

DOE PAGES

Quach, Tu -Thach

2017-01-09

Here, we present an approach to segment vehicle tracks in coherent change detection images, a product of combining two synthetic aperture radar images taken at different times. The approach uses multiscale higher order random field models to capture track statistics, such as curvatures and their parallel nature, that are not currently utilized in existing methods. These statistics are encoded as 3-by-3 patterns at different scales. The model can complete disconnected tracks often caused by sensor noise and various environmental effects. Coupling the model with a simple classifier, our approach is effective at segmenting salient tracks. We improve the F-measure onmore » a standard vehicle track data set to 0.963, up from 0.897 obtained by the current state-of-the-art method.« less

Vehicle track segmentation using higher order random fields

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Quach, Tu -Thach

Here, we present an approach to segment vehicle tracks in coherent change detection images, a product of combining two synthetic aperture radar images taken at different times. The approach uses multiscale higher order random field models to capture track statistics, such as curvatures and their parallel nature, that are not currently utilized in existing methods. These statistics are encoded as 3-by-3 patterns at different scales. The model can complete disconnected tracks often caused by sensor noise and various environmental effects. Coupling the model with a simple classifier, our approach is effective at segmenting salient tracks. We improve the F-measure onmore » a standard vehicle track data set to 0.963, up from 0.897 obtained by the current state-of-the-art method.« less