Hydrazine Sulfate (PDQ®)—Patient Version

Cancer.gov

Hydrazine sulfate has shown no anticancer activity in randomized clinical trials. It was reported in some clinical trials to be helpful in treating poor appetite and weight loss due to cancer. Learn more about hydrazine sulfate as a treatment for people with cancer in this expert-reviewed summary.

Occupational safety considerations with hydrazine

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Clewell, Harvey J., III; Mcdougal, James N.; George, Marilyn E.; Andersen, Melvin E.

1992-01-01

Hydrazine is a reducing agent that is most commonly used as a propellant and as an oxygen scavenger in boilers. Hydrazine is extremely irritating and has been demonstrated to produce both acute and chronic toxicity. As a result, the established permissible inhalation exposure limits are very low, and respiration protection is required whenever vapors are present. Liquid hydrazine penetrates the skin and produces a chemical burn; therefore, some protective measures must also be taken to protect the skin from liquid contact. Often, however, a cumbersome, whole-body protective suit is worn to protect against skin contact with vapor as well. To what extent it is actually necessary to protect skin from vapor penetration had not previously been demonstrated. In an attempt to answer this question, we conducted a study with rats to compare the dermal penetration of hydrazine vapor with inhalation. Pharmacokinetic modeling was used to compare body burdens resulting from these different routes of exposure. The analysis concluded that the vapor concentration during a skin-only exposure would have to be at least 200 times higher than that during inhalation to achieve the same body burden. This type of estimation illustrates the use of predictive toxicology in occupational exposures.

A Hydrazine Leak Sensor Based on Chemically Reactive Thermistors

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Davis, Dennis D.; Mast, Dion J.; Baker, David L.

1999-01-01

Leaks in the hydrazine supply system of the Shuttle APU can result in hydrazine ignition and fire in the aft compartment of the Shuttle. Indication of the location of a leak could provide valuable information required for operational decisions. WSTF has developed a small, single use sensor for detection of hydrazine leaks. The sensor is composed of a thermistor bead coated with copper(II) oxide (CuO) dispersed in a clay or alumina binder. The CuO-coated thermistor is one of a pair of closely located thermistors, the other being a reference. On exposure to hydrazine the CuO reacts exothermically with the hydrazine and increases the temperature of the coated-thermistor by several degrees. The temperature rise is sensed by a resistive bridge circuit and an alarm registered by data acquisition software. Responses of this sensor to humidity changes, hydrazine concentration, binder characteristics, distance from a liquid leak, and ambient pressure levels as well as application of this sensor concept to other fluids are presented.

Monopropellant hydrazine resistojet: Flight application design

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Kurch, C. K.

1973-01-01

The design, development, and testing of an engineering model nominal 20-millipound thrust monopropellant hydrazine resistojet program is directed toward the advanced development of an electrothermal hydrazine thruster (EHT). The EHT decomposes hydrazine thermally and expands the decomposition products through a nozzle to provide the impulse necessary to fulfill spacecraft propulsive requirements. The thruster is capable of operation at pulse widths from 0.050 second to steady state and delivers specific impulse values up to about 230 seconds depending on the duty cycle. The program is comprised of six tasks including analyses, the generation of specifications and other documentation, design, fabrication and test, data correlation, and recommendations for the design of flight units.

Hydrazine Sulfate (PDQ®)—Health Professional Version

Cancer.gov

Hydrazine sulfate has shown no anticancer activity in randomized clinical trials. Data on its effectiveness in cancer-related cachexia are inconclusive. Get detailed information about hydrazine sulfate as a treatment for people with cancer in this summary for clinicians.

Explosive decomposition of hydrazine by rapid compression of a gas volume

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Bunker, R. L.; Baker, D. L.; Lee, J. H. S.

1991-01-01

In the present investigation of the initiation mechanism and the explosion mode of hydrazine decomposition, a 20 cm-long column of liquid hydrazine was accelerated into a column of gaseous nitrogen, from which it was separated by a thin Teflon diaphragm, in a close-ended cylindrical chamber. Video data obtained reveal the formation of a froth generated by the acceleration of hydrazine into nitrogen at the liquid hydrazine-gaseous nitrogen interface. The explosive hydrazine decomposition had as its initiation mechanism the formation of a froth at a critical temperature; the explosion mode of hydrazine is a confined thermal runaway reaction.

A Portable Electronic Nose For Hydrazine and Monomethyl Hydrazine Detection

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Young, Rebecca C.; Linnell, Bruce R.; Peterson, Barbara V.; Brooks, Kathy B.; Griffin, Tim P.

2004-01-01

The Space Program and military use large quantities Hydrazine (Hz) and monomethyl hydrazine (MMI-I) as rocket propellant. These substances are very toxic and are suspected human carcinogens. The American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienist set the threshold limit value to be 10 parts per billion (ppb). Current off-the-shelf portable instruments require 10 to 20 minutes of exposure to detect 10 ppb concentration. This shortcofriing is not acceptable for many operations. A new prototype instrument using a gas sensor array and pattern recognition software technology (i.e., an electronic nose) has demonstrated the ability to identify either Hz or MM}{ and quantify their concentrations at 10 parts per billion in 90 seconds. This paper describes the design of the portable electronic nose (e-nose) instrument, test equipment setup, test protocol, pattern recognition algorithm, concentration estimation method, and laboratory test results.

Epoxide reduction with hydrazine on graphene: a first principles study.

PubMed

Kim, Min Chan; Hwang, Gyeong S; Ruoff, Rodney S

2009-08-14

Mechanisms for epoxide reduction with hydrazine on a single-layer graphene sheet are examined using quantum mechanical calculations within the framework of gradient-corrected spin-polarized density-functional theory. We find that the reduction reaction is mainly governed by epoxide ring opening which is initiated by H transfer from hydrazine or its derivatives. In addition, our calculations suggest that the epoxide reduction by hydrazine may predominantly follow a direct Eley-Rideal mechanism rather than a Langmuir-Hinshelwood mechanism. We also discuss the generation of various hydrazine derivatives during the reduction of graphene oxide with hydrazine and their potential contribution to lowering the barrier height of epoxide ring opening.

Upgrading non-oxidized carbon nanotubes by thermally decomposed hydrazine

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wang, Pen-Cheng; Liao, Yu-Chun; Liu, Li-Hung; Lai, Yu-Ling; Lin, Ying-Chang; Hsu, Yao-Jane

2014-06-01

We found that the electrical properties of conductive thin films based on non-oxidized carbon nanotubes (CNTs) could be further improved when the CNTs consecutively underwent a mild hydrazine adsorption treatment and then a sufficiently effective thermal desorption treatment. We also found that, after several rounds of vapor-phase hydrazine treatments and baking treatments were applied to an inferior single-CNT field-effect transistor device, the device showed improvement in Ion/Ioff ratio and reduction in the extent of gate-sweeping hysteresis. Our experimental results indicate that, even though hydrazine is a well-known reducing agent, the characteristics of our hydrazine-exposed CNT samples subject to certain treatment conditions could become more graphenic than graphanic, suggesting that the improvement in the electrical and electronic properties of CNT samples could be related to the transient bonding and chemical scavenging of thermally decomposed hydrazine on the surface of CNTs.

Developing A New Sampling and Analysis Method for Hydrazine and Monomethyl Hydrazine

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Allen, John R.

2002-01-01

Solid phase microextraction (SPME) will be used to develop a method for detecting monomethyl hydrazine (MMH) and hydrazine (Hz). A derivatizing agent, pentafluorobenzoyl chloride (PFBCl), is known to react readily with MMH and Hz. The SPME fiber can either be coated with PFBCl and introduced into a gaseous stream containing MMH, or PFBCl and MMH can react first in a syringe barrel and after a short equilibration period a SPME is used to sample the resulting solution. These methods were optimized and compared. Because Hz and MMH can degrade the SPME, letting the reaction occur first gave better results. Only MMH could be detected using either of these methods. Future research will concentrate on constructing calibration curves and determining the detection limit.

Mobility Spectrometer Studies on Hydrazine and Ammonia Detection

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Niu, William; Eiceman, Gary; Szumlas, Andrew; Lewis, John

2011-01-01

An airborne vapor analyzer for detecting sub- to low- parts-per-million (ppm) hydrazine in the presence of higher concentration levels of ammonia has been under development for the Orion program. The detector is based on ambient pressure ionization and ion mobility characterization. The detector encompasses: 1) a membrane inlet to exclude particulate and aerosols from the analyzer inlet; 2) a method to separate hydrazine from ammonia which would otherwise lead to loss of calibration and quantitative accuracy for the hydrazine determination; and 3) response and quantitative determinations for both hydrazine and ammonia. Laboratory studies were made to explore some of these features including mobility measurements mindful of power, size, and weight issues. The study recommended the use of a mobility spectrometer of traditional design with a reagent gas and equipped with an inlet transfer line of bonded phase fused silica tube. The inlet transfer line provided gas phase separation of neutrals of ammonia from hydrazine at 50 C simplifying significantly the ionization chemistry that underlies response in a mobility spectrometer. Performance of the analyzer was acceptable between ranges of 30 to 80 C for both the pre-fractionation column and the drift tube. An inlet comprised of a combined membrane with valve-less injector allowed high speed quantitative determination of ammonia and hydrazine without cross reactivity from common metabolites such as alcohols, esters, and aldehydes. Preliminary test results and some of the design features are discussed.

Thermochemical and Kinetics of Hydrazine Dehydrogenation by an Oxygen Atom in Hydrazine-Rich Systems: A Dimer Model.

PubMed

Spada, Rene F K; Ferrão, Luiz F A; Roberto-Neto, Orlando; Lischka, Hans; Machado, Francisco B C

2015-12-24

The kinetics of the reaction of N2H4 with oxygen depends sensitively on the initial conditions used. In oxygen-rich systems, the rate constant shows a conventional positive temperature dependence, while in hydrazine-rich setups the dependence is negative in certain temperature ranges. In this study, a theoretical model is presented that adequately reproduces the experimental results trend and values for hydrazine-rich environment, consisting of the hydrogen abstraction from the hydrazine (N2H4) dimer by an oxygen atom. The thermochemical properties of the reaction were computed using two quantum chemical approaches, the coupled cluster theory with single, double, and noniterative triple excitations (CCSD(T)) and the M06-2X DFT approach with the aug-cc-pVTZ and the maug-cc-pVTZ basis sets, respectively. The kinetic data were calculated with the improved canonical variational theory (ICVT) using a dual-level methodology to build the reaction path. The tunneling effects were considered by means of the small curvature tunneling (SCT) approximation. Potential wells on both sides of the reaction ((N2H4)2 + O → N2H4···N2H3 + OH) were determined. A reaction path with a negative activation energy was found leading, in the temperature range of 250-423 K, to a negative dependence of the rate constant on the temperature, which is in good agreement with the experimental measurements. Therefore, the consideration of the hydrazine dimer model provides significantly improved agreement with the experimental data and should be included in the mechanism of the global N2H4 combustion process, as it can be particularly important in hydrazine-rich systems.

Catalytic Decomposition of Propellant Hydrazines, N-Nitrosodimethylamine, and N-Nitrodimethylamine

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Greene, Ben; Johnson, Harry T.

2000-01-01

Remediation of propellant hydrazine spills, waste treatment, or cleanup of water contaminated with these propellants and/or their oxidation products is a subject of great concern for safety and the environment. Current remediation technologies typically employ oxidative methods, such as chlorination or ozonation. Methylated hydrazines, in particular 1,1-dimethythydrazine (UDMH) and to some degree monomethy1hydrazine (MMH), form N-Nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) and N-Nitrodimethylamine (DMNM) during oxidation. These compounds are highly toxic and may persist if oxidative conditions are not sufficiently harsh. Since NDMA and DMNM may also be formed from exposure of MMH or UDMH to air, a need exists for a method that will remediate hydrazine, MMH, UDMH, NDMA, and DMNM. In this work, aqueous solutions of propellant hydrazines, NDMA, and DMNM were found to degrade by catalytic reduction with nickel-aluminum (Ni-Al) alloy under basic conditions. The reaction is based upon dissolution of At from Ni-Al alloy in aqueous media to form aluminum ion and hydrogen gas; and the resultant finely divided nickel catalyzes reduction of the hydrazine, nitrosoamine, or nitroamine by the hydrogen produced. Greater than 99 percent of hydrazine, MMH, UDMH, NDMA, and DMNM in aqueous solutions were degraded under laboratory conditions when reacted with Ni-Al alloy. UDMH was identified as an intermediate reduction product of NDMA and DNNM. NDMA and UDMH were identified as intermediate reduction products of DMNM. Control experiments without nickel showed no degradation of hydrazine, MMH or UDMH, while NDMA and DMNM were reduced to UDMH. Spill pillows containing Ni-Al alloy and solid sodium hydroxide were also found effective in absorption and degradation of UDMH. The application of chemical reduction as a means to propellant hydrazines, NDMA, and DMNM spill remediation, waste treatment, and water decontamination appears highly attractive.

Wipes, Coatings, and Patches for Detecting Hydrazines

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Young, Rebecca; Buttner, William

2005-01-01

Three color-indicating devices have been conceived as simple, rapid, inexpensive means of detecting hazardous liquid and gaseous substances in settings in which safety is of paramount concern and it would be too time-consuming or otherwise impractical to perform detection by use of such instruments as mass spectrometers. More specifically, these devices are designed for detecting hypergolic fuels (in particular, hydrazines) and hypergolic oxidizers in spacecraft settings, where occasional leakage of these substances in liquid or vapor form occurs and it is imperative to take early corrective action to minimize adverse health effects. With suitable redesign, including reformulation of their color indicator chemicals, these devices could be adapted to detection of other hazardous substances in terrestrial settings (e.g., industrial and military ones). One of the devices is a pad of a commercially available absorbent material doped with a color indicator. The absorbent material is made from 70 percent polyester and 30 percent nylon and can absorb about eight times its own weight of liquid. The color indicator is a mixture of conventional pH color indicator chemicals. Hydrazine and monomethyl hydrazine, which are basic, cause the color indicator to turn green. In the original intended application, the pad is wiped on a space suit that is suspected of having been exposed to leaking monomethyl hydrazine during a space walk, before the wearer returns to the interior of the spacecraft. If the wiped surface is contaminated with hydrazine, the pad turns green. In addition, the pad absorbs hydrazine from the wiped surface, thereby reducing or eliminating the hazard. Used pads, including ones that show contamination by hydrazine, can be stored in a sealed plastic bag for subsequent disposal. The second device, which has been proposed but not yet developed, would comprise a color indicator material in the form of either a coating on a space suit (or other protective garment) or

Precious-Metal Salt Coatings for Detecting Hydrazines

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Dee, Louis A.; Greene, Benjamin

2004-01-01

Substrates coated with a precious-metal salt KAuCl4 have been found to be useful for detecting hydrazine vapors in air at and above a concentration of the order of 0.01 parts per million (ppm). Upon exposure to air containing a sufficient amount of hydrazine for a sufficient time, the coating material undergoes a visible change in color.

Test program to demonstrate the stability of hydrazine in propellant tanks

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Moran, C. M.; Bjorklund, R. A.

1983-01-01

A 24-month coupon test program to evaluate the decomposition of propellant tanks is reported. The propellant fuel evaluated was monopropellant-grade hydrazine (N2H4), which is normally a colorless, fuming, corrosive, strongly reducing liquid. The degree of hydrazine decomposition was determined by means of chemical analyses of the liquid and evolved gases at the end of the test program. The experimental rates of hydrazine decomposition were determined to be within acceptable limits. The propellant tank materials and material combinations were not degraded by a 2-year exposure to hydrazine propellant. This was verified using change-of-weight determinations and microscopic examination of the specimen surface before and after exposure, and by posttest chemical analyses of hydrazine liquid for residual metal content.

The inner workings of the hydrazine synthase multiprotein complex.

PubMed

Dietl, Andreas; Ferousi, Christina; Maalcke, Wouter J; Menzel, Andreas; de Vries, Simon; Keltjens, Jan T; Jetten, Mike S M; Kartal, Boran; Barends, Thomas R M

2015-11-19

Anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) has a major role in the Earth's nitrogen cycle and is used in energy-efficient wastewater treatment. This bacterial process combines nitrite and ammonium to form dinitrogen (N2) gas, and has been estimated to synthesize up to 50% of the dinitrogen gas emitted into our atmosphere from the oceans. Strikingly, the anammox process relies on the highly unusual, extremely reactive intermediate hydrazine, a compound also used as a rocket fuel because of its high reducing power. So far, the enzymatic mechanism by which hydrazine is synthesized is unknown. Here we report the 2.7 Å resolution crystal structure, as well as biophysical and spectroscopic studies, of a hydrazine synthase multiprotein complex isolated from the anammox organism Kuenenia stuttgartiensis. The structure shows an elongated dimer of heterotrimers, each of which has two unique c-type haem-containing active sites, as well as an interaction point for a redox partner. Furthermore, a system of tunnels connects these active sites. The crystal structure implies a two-step mechanism for hydrazine synthesis: a three-electron reduction of nitric oxide to hydroxylamine at the active site of the γ-subunit and its subsequent condensation with ammonia, yielding hydrazine in the active centre of the α-subunit. Our results provide the first, to our knowledge, detailed structural insight into the mechanism of biological hydrazine synthesis, which is of major significance for our understanding of the conversion of nitrogenous compounds in nature.

Surface-catalyzed air oxidation of hydrazines: Environmental chamber studies

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Kilduff, Jan E.; Davis, Dennis D.; Koontz, Steven L.

1988-01-01

The surface-catalyzed air oxidation reactions of fuel hydrazines were studied in a 6500-liter fluorocarbon-film chamber at 80 to 100 ppm concentrations. First-order rate constants for the reactions catalyzed by aluminum, water-damaged aluminum (Al/Al2O3), stainless steel 304L, galvanized steel and titanium plates with surface areas of 2 to 24 sq m were determined. With 23.8 sq m of Al/Al2O3 the surface-catalyzed air oxidation of hydrazine had a half-life of 2 hours, diimide (N2H2) was observed as an intermediate and traces of ammonia were present in the final product mixture. The Al/Al2O3 catalyzed oxidation of monomethylhydrazine yielded methyldiazine (HN = NCH3) as an intermediate and traces of methanol. Unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine gave no detectable products. The relative reactivities of hydrazine, MMH and UDMH were 130 : 7.3 : 1.0, respectively. The rate constants for Al/Al2O3-catalyzed oxidation of hydrazine and MMH were proportional to the square of the surface area of the plates. Mechanisms for the surface-catalyzed oxidation of hydrazine and diimide and the formation of ammonia are proposed.

Epithelioid sarcoma of the thumb associated with hydrazine fuel exposure: a case report.

PubMed

Helmers, Scott; Ruland, Robert T; Jacob, Lionel N

2004-01-01

Hydrazine fuels are commonly used propellants for missiles and tactical jet aircraft used by the U.S. Air Force and the National Aeronautical and Space Administration. Hydrazine fuels are known to cause cancer after respiratory exposure or ingestion in laboratory animals and humans. Although hydrazine is known to cause skin irritation, there are no published reports describing cancer developing after cutaneous exposure to hydrazine in humans. Hydrazine is known to cause cancer in animals after skin exposure and is used to induce angiosarcomas in mice after cutaneous exposure. We present a case of an epithelioid sarcoma developing in the thumb of a patient after repeated exposure to hydrazine fuel. We hypothesize that the epithelioid sarcoma is a consequence of cutaneous exposure to hydrazine fuel. Continued efforts to develop less toxic alternative fuels and increased personal protection from occupational exposure are highly recommended.

Determination of Silicon in Hydrazine

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

McClure, Mark B.; Mast, Dion; Greene, Ben; Maes, Miguel J.

2006-01-01

Inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) is a highly sensitive technique sometimes used for the trace determination of silicon at a mass-to-charge (m/z) ratio of 28, the most abundant natural isotope of silicon. Unfortunately, ICP-MS is unable to differentiate between other sources of m/z 28 and false positive results for silicon will result when other sources of m/z 28 are present. Nitrogen was a major source of m/z 28 and contributes to the m/z 28 signal when hydrazine sample or nitric acid preservative is introduced into the plasma. Accordingly, this work was performed to develop a sample preparation step coupled with an ICP-MS analysis that minimized non-silicon sources of m/z 28. In the preparatory step of this method, the hydrazine sample was first decomposed predominately to nitrogen gas and water with copper-catalyzed hydrogen peroxide. In the analysis step, ICP-MS was used without nitric acid preservative in samples or standards. Glass, a potential source of silicon contamination, was also avoided where possible. The method was sensitive, accurate, and reliable for the determination of silicon in monopropellant grade hydrazine (MPH) in AF-E-332 elastomer leaching tests. Results for silicon in MPH were comparable to those reported in the literature for other studies.

Hydrazine decomposition and other reactions

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Armstrong, Warren E. (Inventor); La France, Donald S. (Inventor); Voge, Hervey H. (Inventor)

1978-01-01

This invention relates to the catalytic decomposition of hydrazine, catalysts useful for this decomposition and other reactions, and to reactions in hydrogen atmospheres generally using carbon-containing catalysts.

Occupational exposure to hydrazines: treatment of acute central nervous system toxicity.

PubMed

Zelnick, Sanford D; Mattie, David R; Stepaniak, Philip C

2003-12-01

Exposure to hydrazine and hydrazines' alkylated derivatives is an important occupational health issue, which will increase in significance as space applications increase. Despite their widespread usage as rocket fuels in manned and unmanned space and missile systems, serious exposures to hydrazines are rare. While a significant number of experimental studies were performed in the late 1950s through the mid-1960s, conflicting information exists concerning the most appropriate treatment for these exposures. A cross-sectional study evaluating the most common rocket fuels such as hydrazine; 1,1-dimethylhydrazine (UDMH); mono-methylhydrazine (MMH); and Aerozine-50 against the most commonly suggested therapies, such as pyridoxine, traditional antiseizure therapies, and arginine is needed to clarify the treatment implications for human exposure. Treatments that have been useful for hyperammonemic states, such as those for the six inherited urea cycle defects, have significant potential for the improvement of hydrazine exposure treatment.

Effect of hydrazine based deproteination protocol on bone mineral crystal structure.

PubMed

Karampas, I A; Orkoula, M G; Kontoyannis, C G

2012-05-01

In several bone deproteination protocols the chemical agent used for protein cleavage is hydrazine. The effect of hydrazine deproteination method on the crystal size and crystallinity of the bone mineral was studied. Bovine bones were subjected to this protocol and the crystal size and crystallinity of the remaining bone mineral were determined by X-ray Diffraction (XRD), by measuring the width at the half of the maximum intensity of the (002) reflection. It was found that hydrazine deproteination induces noteworthy increase of crystal size and crystallinity. The effect was enhanced by increasing hydrazine temperature from 25 to 55°C. Furthermore, infrared spectroscopy revealed that hydrazine facilitates the removal of carbonate and acid phosphate ions from bone mineral. It is proposed that the mechanism of modification of crystal size and crystallinity lies on the removal of these ions thus, resulting in crystal re-organization.

A Review of Hydrazine Sensors: The State of the Art

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Meneghelli, B. J.

2004-01-01

Several types of sensors have been developed over the past few years that quantify the vapor concentrations of the hydrazines. These sensor s are able to detect concentrations as low as 10 parts per billion (ppb) up to several parts per million (ppm). The scope of this review wi ll be focused on those sensors that are most current in the marketpla ce as either leak detectors or personnel monitors. Some technical information on the theory of operations of each hydrazine detector will a lso be included. The review will highlight current operations that utilize hydrazine sensors including the Kennedy Space Center (KSC), the United States Air Force (USAF) at Cape Canaveral Air Station (CCAS), USAF F-16 facilities. The orientation of the review will be towards giving users usable practical information on hydrazine sensors.

Chronic Inhalation Toxicity of Hydrazine: Oncogenic Effects

DTIC Science & Technology

1981-06-01

AFAMRL-TR-81-56 CHRONIC INHALATION TOXICITY OF HYDRAZINE: ONCOGENIC EFFECTS J. D. MacEWEN E. H. VERNOT C C HAUN L . R. KINKEAD UNIVERSITY OF...Acknowledgement is made to A. K. Roychowdhury, Ph.D., J. D. Diaz, G. L . Fogle, Maj. R. Amster and J. A. Sizemore for their significant contributions and...Hemoglobin (g %) for Dogs Exposed to Hydrazine for One Year 49 24 Group Mean Values ± Standard Deviations of Sodium (mEq/ L ) for Dogs Exposed to

Clustering of amines and hydrazines in atmospheric nucleation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Li, Siyang; Qu, Kun; Zhao, Hailiang; Ding, Lei; Du, Lin

2016-06-01

It has been proved that the presence of amines in the atmosphere can enhance aerosol formation. Hydrazine (HD) and its substituted derivatives, monomethylhydrazine (MMH) and unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine (UDMH), which are organic derivatives of amine and ammonia, are common trace atmospheric species that may contribute to the growth of nucleation clusters. The structures of the hydrazine and amine clusters containing one or two common nucleation molecules (ammonia, water, methanol and sulfuric acid) have been optimized using density functional theory (DFT) methods. The clusters growth mechanism has been explored from the thermochemistry by calculating the Gibbs free energies of adding an ammonia, water, methanol or sulfuric acid molecule step by step at room temperature, respectively. The results show that hydrazine and its derivatives could enhance heteromolecular homogeneous nucleation in the earth's atmosphere.

Hydrazine reagents as derivatizing agents in environmental analysis--a critical review.

PubMed

Vogel, M; Büldt, A; Karst, U

2000-04-01

Hydrazine reagents are a well-known group of derivatizing agents for the determination of aldehydes and ketones in liquid and gaseous samples. Within this article, the most important hydrazine reagents are critically summarized, and their major applications in different fields, including environmental analysis, food chemistry and industrial analysis are introduced. As 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH) is the basic reagent for several international standard procedures, its properties are discussed in detail. Particular focus is directed on the chemistry of the hydrazine reagents, and chemical interferences are considered. Recent methods for the determination of various oxidants using hydrazine reagents are presented as well. Due to limited space, this review does not cover the related field of carbohydrate analysis, although many chemical aspects are similar.

The effects of aniline impurities on monopropellant hydrazine thruster performance

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Holcomb, L.; Mattson, L.; Oshiro, R.

1976-01-01

Both a 0.45-N and a 0.9-N thruster representative of the designs being flown on 3-axis stabilized spacecraft were used in testing various grades of hydrazine for the phenomenon of monopropellant hydrazine thruster catalyst bed poisoning. Both designs employed Shell 405 ABSG spontaneous catalyst. It is found that pulse shape distortion can be minimized, if not eliminated, by using aniline-free hydrazine. The mechanisms for both steady-state and pulse-mode performance loss are associated with the formation of a catalyst coke similar to the polycyclic aromatic poisons encountered in the petroleum industry. These poisoning mechanisms are reversible, with high-temperature operation being required to drive off the aniline coke deposits. It is recommended that a purified-grade hydrazine be considered for any mission that imposes operational conditions on a thruster which can result in aniline-induced poisoning of the catalyst bed.

Enthalpy of Formation of N 2 H 4 (Hydrazine) Revisited

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Feller, David; Bross, David H.; Ruscic, Branko

2017-08-02

In order to address the accuracy of the long-standing experimental enthalpy of formation of gas-phase hydrazine, fully confirmed in earlier versions of Active Thermochemical Tables (ATcT), the provenance of that value is re-examined in light of new high-end calculations of the Feller-Peterson-Dixon (FPD) variety. An overly optimistic determination of the vaporization enthalpy of hydrazine, which created an unrealistically strong connection between the gas phase thermochemistry and the calorimetric results defining the thermochemistry of liquid hydrazine was identified as the probable culprit. The new enthalpy of formation of gas-phase hydrazine, based on balancing all available knowledge, was determined to be 111.57more » ± 0.47 kJ/mol at 0 K (97.41 kJ/mol at 298.15 K). Close agreement was found between the ATcT (even excluding the latest theoretical result) and FPD enthalpies.« less

Enthalpy of Formation of N2H4 (Hydrazine) Revisited.

PubMed

Feller, David; Bross, David H; Ruscic, Branko

2017-08-17

In order to address the accuracy of the long-standing experimental enthalpy of formation of gas-phase hydrazine, fully confirmed in earlier versions of Active Thermochemical Tables (ATcT), the provenance of that value is re-examined in light of new high-end calculations of the Feller-Peterson-Dixon (FPD) variety. An overly optimistic determination of the vaporization enthalpy of hydrazine, which created an unrealistically strong connection between the gas phase thermochemistry and the calorimetric results defining the thermochemistry of liquid hydrazine, was identified as the probable culprit. The new enthalpy of formation of gas-phase hydrazine, based on balancing all available knowledge, was determined to be 111.57 ± 0.47 kJ/mol at 0 K (97.42 ± 0.47 kJ/mol at 298.15 K). Close agreement was found between the ATcT (even excluding the latest theoretical result) and the FPD enthalpy.

Electrochemical oxidation of hydrazine and its derivatives on the surface of metal electrodes in alkaline media

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Asazawa, Koichiro; Yamada, Koji; Tanaka, Hirohisa; Taniguchi, Masatoshi; Oguro, Keisuke

Electrochemical oxidation of hydrazine and its derivatives on the surface of various metal electrodes in alkaline media was investigated. A comparison of various polycrystalline metal electrodes (Ni, Co, Fe, Cu, Ag, Au, and Pt) showed that Co and Ni electrodes have a lower onset potential for hydrazine oxidation than the Pt electrode. The onset oxidation potential of APA (aminopolyacrylamide), a hydrazine derivative (-0.127 V vs. reversible hydrogen electrode, RHE), was similar to that of hydrazine hydrate (-0.178 V vs. RHE) in the case of the Co electrode. APA oxidation was possible because of hydrazine desorption that was caused by APA hydrolysis. The hydrolysis reaction was brought about by a heat treatment. This result suggests that the hydrazine hydrolysis reaction of hydrazine derivatives makes it possible to store hydrazine hydrate safely.

Propagation of detonations in hydrazine vapor

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Heinrich, H. J.

1985-01-01

In the range of greater hydrazine vapor pressure, detonation speed depends exclusively on the extent of the ammonia decomposition in the second reaction stage. As vapor pressure decreases, the ammonia disintegration speed becomes increasingly slower and the reaction reached in the reaction zone increasingly decreases until finally, in the vapor pressure range between 53 and 16 Torr, the contribution of the second stage to detonation propagation disappears, and only the first stage remains active. Since the disintegration speed of the hydrazine in this pressure range has decreased markedly as well, no level, but rather only spinning, detonations occur. Temporary separations of the impact front and the reaction zone in the process lead to fluctuations of the detonation speed.

Remediation of Cr(VI)-Contaminated Soil Using the Acidified Hydrazine Hydrate.

PubMed

Ma, Yameng; Li, Fangfang; Jiang, Yuling; Yang, Weihua; Lv, Lv; Xue, Haotian; Wang, Yangyang

2016-09-01

Acidified hydrazine hydrate was used to remediate Cr(VI)-contaminated soil. The content of water-soluble Cr(VI) in contaminated soil was 4977.53 mg/kg. The optimal initial pH of hydrazine hydrate solution, soil to solution ratio and molar ratio of Cr(VI) to hydrazine hydrate for remediation of Cr(VI)-contaminated soil were 5.0, 3:1 and 1:3, respectively. Over 99.50 % of water-soluble Cr(VI) in the contaminated soil was reduced at the optimal condition within 30 min. The remediated soil can keep stable within 4 months. Meanwhile the total phosphorus increased from 0.47 to 4.29 g/kg, indicating that using of acidified hydrazine hydrate is an effective method to remediate Cr(VI)-contaminated soil.

1. Exterior view of LongTerm Hydrazine Silo (T28E), looking southeast. ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

1. Exterior view of Long-Term Hydrazine Silo (T-28E), looking southeast. The structure was designed to assess long-term environmental impacts on storage of the Titan's fuel (hydrazine). The low-lying building to the immediate right of the silo is the Fuel Purification Structure (T-28E), constructed during the late 1960s to purify hydrazine for long-term hardware requirements for satellites and space expedition vehicles associated with the Titan III. - Air Force Plant PJKS, Systems Integration Laboratory, Long-Term Hydrazine Silo, Waterton Canyon Road & Colorado Highway 121, Lakewood, Jefferson County, CO

Test program to demonstrate the stability of hydrazine in propellant tanks

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Moran, C. M.; Sutton, D.

1983-01-01

The suitability of stainless steels and Inconel for long-term hydrazine propellant-storage tanks is investigated. Rectangular coupon samples cut from propellent tanks were sealed with a measured amount of hydrazine in glass capsules, stored at 43 or 60 C, and removed after 6 to 24 months, when corrosion of the coupon and decomposition of the hydrazine was determined, and SEM and electron spectroscopy were performed on some coupons. Corrosion was found to be unmeasurably low for all the coupons, and hydrazine decomposition produced less than 1.0 cu cm of gas per sq cm of wetted surface per year, except in those few cases when catalysis or contamination were detected. Especially good stability was observed for type 304L stainless steel. The decomposition rates determined in the coupon tests are confirmed by preliminary results of actual tank storage trials.

A rhodol-based fluorescent chemosensor for hydrazine and its application in live cell bioimaging

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tiensomjitr, Khomsan; Noorat, Rattha; Wechakorn, Kanokorn; Prabpai, Samran; Suksen, Kanoknetr; Kanjanasirirat, Phongthon; Pewkliang, Yongyut; Borwornpinyo, Suparerk; Kongsaeree, Palangpon

2017-10-01

A rhodol cinnamate fluorescent chemosensor (RC) has been developed for selective detection of hydrazine (N2H4). In aqueous medium, the rhodol-based probe exhibited high selectivity for hydrazine among other molecules. The addition of hydrazine triggered a fluorescence emission with 48-fold enhancement based on hydrazinolysis and a subsequent ring-opening process. The chemical probe also displayed a selective colorimetric response toward N2H4 from colorless solution to pink, readily observed by the naked eye. The detection limit of RC for hydrazine was calculated to be 300 nM (9.6 ppb). RC is membrane permeable and was successfully demonstrated to detect hydrazine in live HepG2 cells by confocal fluorescence microscopy.

Antisymmetric Amino-Wagging Band of Hydrazine up toK‧ = 13 Levels

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gulaczyk, Iwona; Kre, Marek; Valentin, Alain

1997-12-01

A newly recorded high-resolution infrared spectrum of hydrazine has been studied in the 729-1198 cm-1region (the ν12antisymmetric wagging band) with a resolution of 0.002 cm-1. About 1350 transitions withK‧ from 7 to 13 have been newly assigned and about 2350 transitions with lower values ofK‧ reanalyzed with the improved precision. The effective parameters have been calculated separately for each value ofK‧ using the Hougen-Ohashi hamiltonian for hydrazine. The extended assignment completes the analysis of the ν12band of hydrazine.

Active Hydrazine Vapor Sampler (AHVS)

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Young, Rebecca C.; Mcbrearty, Charles F.; Curran, Daniel J.

1993-01-01

The Active Hydrazine Vapor Sampler (AHVS) was developed to detect vapors of hydrazine (HZ) and monomethylhydrazine (MMH) in air at parts-per-billion (ppb) concentration levels. The sampler consists of a commercial personal pump that draws ambient air through paper tape treated with vanillin (4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde). The paper tape is sandwiched in a thin cardboard housing inserted in one of the two specially designed holders to facilitate sampling. Contaminated air reacts with vanillin to develop a yellow color. The density of the color is proportional to the concentration of HZ or MMH. The AHVS can detect 10 ppb in less than 5 minutes. The sampler is easy to use, low cost, and intrinsically safe and contains no toxic material. It is most beneficial for use in locations with no laboratory capabilities for instrumentation calibration. This paper reviews the development, laboratory test, and field test of the device.

Concentric-electrode organic electrochemical transistors: case study for selective hydrazine sensing

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Pecqueur, S.; Lenfant, S.; Guérin, D.; Alibart, F.; Vuillaume, D.

2017-12-01

We report on hydrazine-sensing organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) with a design consisting in concentric annular electrodes. The design engineering of these OECTs was motivated by the great potential of using OECT sensing arrays in fields such as bioelectronics. In this work, PEDOT:PSS-based OECTs have been studied as aqueous sensors, specifically sensitive to the lethal hydrazine molecule. These amperometric sensors have many relevant features for the development of hydrazine sensors, such as a sensitivity down to 10-5 M of hydrazine in water, an order of magnitude higher selectivity for hydrazine than for 9 other water soluble common analytes, the capability to recover entirely its base signal after water flushing and a very low voltage operation. The specificity for hydrazine to be sensed by our OECTs is caused by its catalytic oxidation at the gate electrode and enables increasing the output current modulation of the devices. This has permitted the device-geometry study of the whole series of 80 micrometric OECT devices with sub-20-nm PEDOT:PSS layers, channel lengths down to 1 μm and a specific device geometry of coplanar and concentric electrodes. The numerous geometries unravel new aspects of the OECT mechanisms governing the electrochemical sensing behaviours of the device, more particularly the effect of the contacts which are inherent at the micro-scale. By lowering the device cross-talking, micrometric gate-integrated radial OECTs shall contribute to the diminishing of the readout invasiveness and therefore promotes further the development of OECT biosensors.

5. Exterior view of LongTerm Hydrazine Silo (T28E), looking west. ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

5. Exterior view of Long-Term Hydrazine Silo (T-28E), looking west. The low-lying building to the left of the silo is the Fuel Purification Structure (T-28E). A hydrazine tank is in the concrete truck well in the immediate foreground. - Air Force Plant PJKS, Systems Integration Laboratory, Long-Term Hydrazine Silo, Waterton Canyon Road & Colorado Highway 121, Lakewood, Jefferson County, CO

Monomethylhydrazine versus hydrazine fuels - Test results using a 100 pound thrust bipropellant rocket engine

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Smith, J. A.; Stechman, R. C.

1981-01-01

A test program was performed to evaluate hydrazine (N2H4) as a fuel for a 445 Newton (100 lbf) thrust bipropellant rocket engine. Results of testing with an identical thruster utilizing monomethylhydrazine (MMH) are included for comparison. Engine performance with hydrazine fuel was essentially identical to that experienced with monomethylhydrazine although higher combustor wall temperatures (approximately 400 F) were obtained with hydrazine. Results are presented which indicate that hydrazine as a fuel is compatible with Marquardt bipropellant rocket engines which use monomethylhydrazine as a baseline fuel.

Photoelectrochemical generation of hydrogen and electricity from hydrazine hydrate using BiVO4 electrodes.

PubMed

Pilli, Satyananda Kishore; Summers, Kodi; Chidambaram, Dev

2015-06-07

This study demonstrates solar driven oxidation of hydrazine hydrate and the simultaneous production of hydrogen and electricity in photoelectrochemical cells and photofuel cells, respectively, using a visible light active molybdenum doped BiVO4 photoelectrode. The developed photoelectrodes exhibited tremendous efficiency towards anodic oxidation of hydrous hydrazine with continuous and stable hydrogen evolution at the Pt cathode under benign pH and zero bias conditions. Significantly, the photofuel cell containing hydrazine hydrate fuel has generated electricity with a high open circuit potential of 0.8 V. The presence of bicarbonate ions in the electrolyte has played a significant role in enhancing the kinetics of photoelectrochemical oxidation of hydrazine and improved the hydrogen and electricity generation efficiency thus avoiding the integration of an oxidation electrocatalyst. In addition, molybdenum doped BiVO4 as a possible photoelectrochemical hydrazine sensor has been investigated and the electrode photocurrent was found to be linearly dependent on the concentration of the hydrazine hydrate in the range of 20-90 mM with a correlation coefficient of 0.9936.

Hydrazine Sulfate (PDQ®)—Patient Version

Cancer.gov

Expert-reviewed information summary about the use of hydrazine sulfate as a treatment for people with cancer. Note: The information in this summary is no longer being updated and is provided for reference purposes only.

Surface-catalyzed air oxidation reactions of hydrazines: Tubular reactor studies

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Kilduff, Jan E.; Davis, Dennis D.; Koontz, Steven L.

1988-01-01

The surface-catalyzed air oxidation reactions of hydrazine, monomethylhydrazine, unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine, symmetrical dimethylhydrazine, trimethylhydrazine and tetramethylhydrazine were investigated in a metal-powder packed turbular flow reactor at 55 plus or minus 3 C. Hydrazine was completely reacted on all surfaces studied. The major products of monomethylhydrazine (MMH) oxidation were methanol, methane and methyldiazene. The di-, tri- and tetra-methyl hydrazines were essentially unreactive under these conditions. The relative catalytic reactivities toward MMH are: Fe greater than Al2O3 greater than Ti greater than Zn greater than 316 SS greater than Cr greater than Ni greater than Al greater than 304L SS. A kinetic scheme and mechanism involving adsorption, oxidative dehydrogenation and reductive elimination reactions on a metal oxide surface are proposed.

[Importance of toxicological studies in animals for elaboration of pathogenetic therapy of hydrazine intoxication].

PubMed

Baryshnikov, I I

1997-01-01

Pathogenesis of poisoning with hydrazine seems complicated. Hydrazines inhibit pyridoxal-dependent enzymes, interfere with carbohydrates transformation and lipid metabolism, alter the processes of energy metabolism. Treatment of poisoning with hydrazine is effective only when containing drug combinations. Based experimentally, recommendations on the combination (phenazepam, be methyl, piracetam, ionol) were supported by chemical testing of the drugs.

Monopropellant hydrazine resistoject: Engineering model fabrication and test task

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Murch, C. K.

1973-01-01

The monopropellant hydrazine resistojet, termed the electrothermal hydrazine thruster (EHT) by TRW systems, thermally decomposes anhydrous hydrazine propellant to produce a high-temperature, low-molecular-weight gas for expulsion through a propulsive nozzle. The EHT developed for this program required about 3-5 watts of electrical power and produced 0.020 to 0.070 pound of thrust over the inlet pressure range of 100 to 400 psia. The thruster was designed for both pulsed and steady state operation. A summary of the GSFC original requirements and GSFC modified requirements, and the performance of the engineering model EHT is given. The experimental program leading to the engineering model EHT design, modifications necessary to achieve the required thruster life capability, and the results of the life test prgram. Other facets of the program, including analyses, preliminary design, specifications, data correlation, and recommendations for a flight model are discussed.

A diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopic study of adsorbed hydrazines

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Davis, Dennis D.; Kilduff, Jan E.; Koontz, Steven L.

1988-01-01

Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy of fuel hydrazines adsorbed on silica, silica-alumina and alimina surfaces indicates that the primary surface-hydrazine interaction is hydrogen bonding. Hydrazine, on adsorption to a deuterated silica surface, undergoes a rapid H/D exchange with deuterated surface silanol (Si-OD) groups. Adsorption equilibria are rapidly established at room temperature. Monomethylhydrazine and unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine are similarly adsorbed. On adsorption, the C-H stretching and methyl deformation modes of the methylhydrazines are shifted to higher frequencies by 10 to 20 cm(-1). These shifts are postulated to be due to changes in the lone-pair electro-density on the adjacent nitrogen atom and an electronegativity effect.

Survey of materials for hydrazine propulsion systems in multicycle extended life applications

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Coulbert, C. D.; Yankura, G.

1972-01-01

An assessment is presented of materials compatibility data for hydrazine monopropellant propulsion systems applicable to the Space Shuttle vehicle missions. Materials were evaluated for application over a 10-yr/100-mission operational lifetime with minimum refurbishment. A general materials compatibility rating for a broad range of materials and several propellants based primarily on static liquid propellant immersion testing and an in-depth evaluation of hydrazine decomposition as a function of purity, temperature, material, surface conditions, etc., are presented. The most promising polymeric material candidates for propellant diaphragms and seals appear to have little effect on increasing hydrazine decomposition rates, but the materials themselves do undergo changes in physical properties which can affect their 10-yr performance in multicycle applications. The available data on these physical properties of elastomeric materials as affected by exposure to hydrazine or related environments are presented.

The Role of Ammonia in the Metabolic Effects of Hydrazine.

DTIC Science & Technology

various experiments, various doses of hydrazine were given. The dogs given high doses developed hyperammonemia, respiratory alkalosis , coma and...The acute effects of administration of hydrazine on plasma ammonia, blood urea nitrogen, pH, pCO2, and respiratory rate were studied in dogs. In...convulsions. Relatively little change in blood urea nitrogen was found. Since brain function is adversely affected by hyperammonemia and alkalosis , it is

Long life monopropellant hydrazine thruster evaluation for Space Station Freedom application

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Popp, Christopher G.; Henderson, John B.

1991-01-01

In support of propulsion system thruster development activity for Space Station Freedom (SSF), NASA Johnson Space Center (JSC) is conducting a hydrazine thruster technology demonstration program. The goal of this program is to identify impulse life capability of state-of-the-art long life hydrazine thrusters nominally rated for 50 pounds thrust at 300 psia supply pressure. The SSF propulsion system requirement for impulse life of this thruster class is 1.5 million pound-seconds, corresponding to a throughput of approximately 6400 pounds of propellant, with a high performance (234 pound-seconds per propellant pound). Long life thrusters were procured from Hamilton Standard, The Marquardt Company, and Rocket Research Company. Testing has initiated on the thruster designs to identify life while simulating expected thruster firing duty cycles and durations for SSF using monopropellant grade hydrazine. This paper presents a review of the SSF propulsion system and requirements as applicable to hydrazine thrusters, the three long life thruster designs procured by JSC and the resultant acceptance test data for each thruster, and the JSC test plan and facility.

Prototype Chemiluminescent Analyzer for Measurement of Hydrazines and Nitrogen Dioxide.

DTIC Science & Technology

1983-10-01

propellants, mono- methyihydrazine ( MMI ), 1,1-dimethy1hydrazine (UOMH), and hydrazine (Hz), as well as nitrogen dioxide (NO2 ). Preliminary studies at the USAF...large background readings, which consisted mainly of red and infrared (ir) radiation, were obtained in these instruments (2-5), optical filters were...used. This choice eliminated both the need for optical filters and the need to cool the PMTs (since bialkali tubes have much lower dark currents than

Long-time dynamic compatibility of elastomeric materials with hydrazine

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Coulbert, C. D.; Cuddihy, E. F.; Fedors, R. F.

1973-01-01

The tensile property surfaces for two elastomeric materials, EPT-10 and AF-E-332, were generated in air and in liquid hydrazine environments using constant strain rate tensile tests over a range of temperatures and elongation rates. These results were used to predict the time-to-rupture for these materials in hydrazine as a function of temperature and amount of strain covering a span of operating times from less than a minute to twenty years. The results of limited sheet-folding tests and their relationship to the tensile failure boundary are presented and discussed.

Evaluation of the SSRCT engine with a hydrazine as a fuel, phase 1

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Minton, S. J.

1978-01-01

The performance parameters for the space shuttle reaction control thruster (SSRCT) when the fuel is changed from monomethylhydrazine to hydrazine were predicted. Potential problems are higher chamber wall temperature during steady state operation and explosive events during pulse mode operation. Solutions to the problems are suggested. To conduct the analysis, a more realistic film cooling model was devised which considers that hydrazine based fuels are reactive when used as a film coolant on the walls of the combustion chamber. Hydrazine based fuels can decompose exothermally as a monopropellant and also enter into bipropellant reactions with any excess oxidizer in the combustion chamber. It is concluded that the conversion of the thruster from MMH to hydrazine fuel is feasible but that a number of changes would be required to achieve the same safety margins as the monomethylhydrazine-fueled thruster.

ATS-F radiant cooler contamination test in a hydrazine thruster exhaust

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Chirivella, J. E.

1973-01-01

A test was conducted under simulated space conditions to determine the potential thermal degradation of the ATS-F radiant cooler from any contaminants generated by a 0.44-N(0.1-lbf) hydrazine thruster. The radiant cooler, a 0.44-N(0.1-lbf)hydrazine engine, and an aluminum plate simulating the satellite interface were assembled to simulate their flight configuration. The cooler was provided with platinum sensors for measuring temperature, and its surfaces were instrumented with six quartz crystal microbalance units (QCM) to measure contaminant mass deposits. The complete assembly was tested in the molecular sink vacuum facility (Molsink) at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory. This was the first time that a radiant cooler and a hydrazine engine were tested together in a very-high-vacuum space simulator, and this test was the first successful measurement of detectable deposits from hydrazine rocket engine plumes in a high vacuum. The engine was subjected to an accelerated duty cycle of 1 pulse/min, and after 2-hr of operation, the QCMs began to shift in frequency. The tests continued for several days and, although there was considerable activity in the QCMs, the cooler never experienced thermal degradation.

Assembly of N,N-disubstituted hydrazines and 1-aryl-1H-indazoles via copper-catalyzed coupling reactions.

PubMed

Xiong, Xiaodong; Jiang, Yongwen; Ma, Dawei

2012-05-18

CuI-catalyzed coupling of N-acyl-N'-substituted hydrazines with aryl iodides takes place at 60-90 °C to afford N-acyl-N',N'-disubstituted hydrazines regioselectively and thereby gives a facile method for assembling N,N-diaryl hydrazines. N-Acyl-N'-substituted hydrazines can also react with 2-bromoarylcarbonylic compounds at 60-125 °C under the catalysis of CuI/4-hydroxy-l-proline to provide 1-aryl-1H-indazoles.

Monolithic catalyst beds for hydrazine reactors

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1973-01-01

A monolithic catalyst bed for monopropellant hydrazine decomposition was evaluated. The program involved the evaluation of a new hydrazine catalyst concept wherein open-celled foamed materials are used as supports for the active catalysts. A high-surface-area material is deposited upon the open-celled foamed material and is then coated with an active metal to provide a spontaneous catalyst. Only a fraction of the amount of expensive active metal in currently available catalysts is needed to promote monolithic catalyst. Numerous parameters were evaluated during the program, and the importance of additional parameters became obvious only while the program was in progress. A demonstration firing (using a 2.2-Newton (N)(0.5-lbf) reactor) successfully accumulated 7,700 seconds of firing time and 16 ambient temperature starts without degradation. Based on the excellent results obtained throughout the program and the demonstrated life capability of the monolithic foam, it is recommended that additional studies be conducted to further exploit the advantages of this concept.

Hydrazine Sulfate (PDQ®)—Health Professional Version

Cancer.gov

Expert-reviewed information summary about the use of hydrazine sulfate as a treatment for people with cancer. Note: The information in this summary is no longer being updated and is provided for reference purposes only.

Enhanced biodegradation of methylhydrazine and hydrazine contaminated NASA wastewater in fixed-film bioreactor.

PubMed

Nwankwoala, A U; Egiebor, N O; Nyavor, K

2001-01-01

The aerobic biodegradation of National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) wastewater that contains mixtures of highly concentrated methylhydrazine/hydrazine, citric acid and their reaction product was studied on a laboratory-scale fixed film trickle-bed reactor. The degrading organisms, Achromobacter sp., Rhodococcus B30 and Rhodococcus J10, were immobilized on coarse sand grains used as support-media in the columns. Under continuous flow operation, Rhodococcus sp. degraded the methylhydrazine content of the wastewater from a concentration of 10 to 2.5 mg/mL within 12 days and the hydrazine from approximately 0.8 to 0.1 mg/mL in 7 days. The Achromobacter sp. was equally efficient in degrading the organics present in the wastewater, reducing the concentration of the methylhydrazine from 10 to approximately 5 mg/mL within 12 days and that of the hydrazine from approximately 0.8 to 0.2 mg/mL in 7 days. The pseudo first-order rate constants of 0.137 day(-1) and 0.232 day(-1) were obtained for the removal of methylhydrazine and hydrazine, respectively, in wastewater in the reactor column. In the batch cultures, rate constants for the degradation were 0.046 and 0.079 day(-1) for methylhydrazine and hydrazine respectively. These results demonstrate that the continuous flow bioreactor afford greater degradation efficiencies than those obtained when the wastewater was incubated with the microbes in growth-limited batch experiments. They also show that wastewater containing hydrazine is more amenable to microbial degradation than one that is predominant in methylhydrazine, in spite of the longer lag period observed for hydrazine containing wastewater. The influence of substrate concentration and recycle rate on the degradation efficiency is reported. The major advantages of the trickle-bed reactor over the batch system include very high substrate volumetric rate of turnover, higher rates of degradation and tolerance of the 100% concentrated NASA wastewater. The

Electroless plating of Ni-B film as a binder-free highly efficient electrocatalyst for hydrazine oxidation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wen, Xiao-Ping; Dai, Hong-Bin; Wu, Lin-Song; Wang, Ping

2017-07-01

Hydrazine is a promising energy carrier for fuel cells owing to its combined advantages of high theoretical cell voltage, high-power density, and no greenhouse gas emission. By using an electroless plating process, we have prepared a robust Ni-B film grown on Ni foam that is highly effective for hydrazine electrooxidation in alkaline media. The effects of reaction temperature, concentrations of hydrous hydrazine and sodium hydroxide in the fuel solution on performance of hydrazine electrooxidation reaction are investigated. The mechanistic reason for the property advantage of as-prepared Ni-B/Ni foam catalyst over the relevant catalysts is discussed based on careful kinetics studies and characterization. The facile synthesis of Ni-based catalyst with high activity and good stability is of clear significance for the development of hydrous hydrazine as a viable energy carrier.

A novel fluorescein-based "turn-on" probe for the detection of hydrazine and its application in living cells

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Xu, Wen-Zhi; Liu, Wei-Yan; Zhou, Ting-Ting; Yang, Yu-Tao; Li, Wei

2018-03-01

We constructed a novel probe for hydrazine detection based on ICT and PET mechanism. Phthalimide and acetyl ester groups were used as the recognition units. Addition of hydrazine produced a turn-on fluorescence at 525 nm along with the fluorescent color change from dark to yellow. The probe could selectively detect hydrazine over other related interfering species. The detection limit of the probe for hydrazine was calculated to be 0.057 μM which was lower than the EPA standard (0.320 μM). Furthermore, the probe could also be applied for the imaging of hydrazine in living cells.

Developing a New Sampling And Analysis Method For Hydrazine And Monomethyl Hydrazine: Using a Derivatizing Agent With Solid Phase Microextraction

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Allen, John

2001-01-01

Solid phase microextraction (SPME) will be used to develop a method for detecting monomethyl hydrazine (MMH) and hydrazine (Hz). A derivatizing agent, pentafluorobenzoyl chloride (PFBCI), is known to react readily with MMH and Hz. The SPME fiber can either be coated with PFBCl and introduced into a gaseous stream containing MMH, or PFBCl and MMH can react first in a syringe barrel and after a short equilibration period a SPME is used to sample the resulting solution. These methods were optimized and compared. Because Hz and MMH can degrade the SPME, letting the reaction occur first gave better results. Only MMH could be detected using either of these methods. Future research will concentrate on constructing calibration curves and determining the detection limit.

Isolation of N-linked glycopeptides by hydrazine-functionalized magnetic particles.

PubMed

Sun, Shisheng; Yang, Ganglong; Wang, Ting; Wang, Qinzhe; Chen, Chao; Li, Zheng

2010-04-01

We introduce a novel combination of magnetic particles with hydrazine chemistry, dubbed as hydrazine-functionalized magnetic particles (HFMP) for isolation of glycopeptides. Four methods have been developed and compared for the production of HFMP by hydrazine modification of the surface of the carboxyl and epoxy-silanized magnetic particles, respectively. The evaluation of the capability and specificity of HFMP as well as the optimization of the coupling condition for capturing of glycoproteins were systematically investigated. The results showed that HFMP prepared by adipic dihydrazide functionalization from carboxyl-silanized magnetic particles (HFCA) displayed the maximum capture capacity and isolated efficiency for glycoprotein. When measured with glycoproteins, the capacity of the HFCA (1 g) for coupling bovine fetuin was 130 +/- 5.3 mg. The capability of this method was also confirmed by successful isolation of all formerly glycosylated peptides from standard glycoproteins and identification of their glycosylation sites, which demonstrated the feasibility of the HFCA as an alternative solid support for isolation of glycoproteins/glycopeptides.

A chromogenic and fluorogenic rhodol-based chemosensor for hydrazine detection and its application in live cell bioimaging

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tiensomjitr, Khomsan; Noorat, Rattha; Chomngam, Sinchai; Wechakorn, Kanokorn; Prabpai, Samran; Kanjanasirirat, Phongthon; Pewkliang, Yongyut; Borwornpinyo, Suparerk; Kongsaeree, Palangpon

2018-04-01

A rhodol-based fluorescent probe has been developed as a selective hydrazine chemosensor using levulinate as a recognition site. The rhodol levulinate probe (RL) demonstrated high selectivity and sensitivity toward hydrazine among other molecules. The chromogenic response of RL solution to hydrazine from colorless to pink could be readily observed by the naked eye, while strong fluorescence emission could be monitored upon excitation at 525 nm. The detection process occurred via a ring-opening process of the spirolactone initiated by hydrazinolysis, triggering the fluorescence emission with a 53-fold enhancement. The probe rapidly reacted with hydrazine in aqueous medium with the detection limit of 26 nM (0.83 ppb), lower than the threshold limit value (TLV) of 10 ppb suggested by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Furthermore, RL-impregnated paper strips could detect hydrazine vapor. For biological applicability of RL, its membrane-permeable property led to bioimaging of hydrazine in live HepG2 cells by confocal fluorescence microscopy.

Hydrazine-induced post-chemiluminescence phenomenon of permanganate-luminol reaction and its applications.

PubMed

Du, Jianxiu; Lu, Jiuru

2004-01-01

The post-chemiluminescence phenomenon arising from the permanganate-luminol reaction induced by hydrazine and isoniazid was investigated. When hydrazine or isoniazid was injected into the mixture after the end of the reaction of permanganate with alkaline luminol, a new chemiluminescence (CL) reaction was initiated and strong CL signal was detected. A possible CL mechanism is suggested, based upon the studies of the kinetic characteristics of the CL reaction, the UV-visible spectra, the CL spectra and some other experiments. The present reactions allow the determination of 0.1-10.0 mg/L hydrazine and 0.02-1.0 mg/L isoniazid, with detection limits of 0.03 mg/L and 0.006 mg/L, respectively. The method was applied to the determination of isoniazid in pharmaceutical preparations.

A chromogenic and fluorogenic rhodol-based chemosensor for hydrazine detection and its application in live cell bioimaging.

PubMed

Tiensomjitr, Khomsan; Noorat, Rattha; Chomngam, Sinchai; Wechakorn, Kanokorn; Prabpai, Samran; Kanjanasirirat, Phongthon; Pewkliang, Yongyut; Borwornpinyo, Suparerk; Kongsaeree, Palangpon

2018-04-15

A rhodol-based fluorescent probe has been developed as a selective hydrazine chemosensor using levulinate as a recognition site. The rhodol levulinate probe (RL) demonstrated high selectivity and sensitivity toward hydrazine among other molecules. The chromogenic response of RL solution to hydrazine from colorless to pink could be readily observed by the naked eye, while strong fluorescence emission could be monitored upon excitation at 525 nm. The detection process occurred via a ring-opening process of the spirolactone initiated by hydrazinolysis, triggering the fluorescence emission with a 53-fold enhancement. The probe rapidly reacted with hydrazine in aqueous medium with the detection limit of 26 nM (0.83 ppb), lower than the threshold limit value (TLV) of 10 ppb suggested by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Furthermore, RL-impregnated paper strips could detect hydrazine vapor. For biological applicability of RL, its membrane-permeable property led to bioimaging of hydrazine in live HepG2 cells by confocal fluorescence microscopy. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

4. Exterior view of LongTerm Hydrazine Silo (T28E), looking west. ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

4. Exterior view of Long-Term Hydrazine Silo (T-28E), looking west. The low-lying building to the immediate left of the silo is the Fuel Purification Structure (T-28E). - Air Force Plant PJKS, Systems Integration Laboratory, Long-Term Hydrazine Silo, Waterton Canyon Road & Colorado Highway 121, Lakewood, Jefferson County, CO

2. Exterior view of LongTerm Hydrazine Silo (T28E), looking east. ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

2. Exterior view of Long-Term Hydrazine Silo (T-28E), looking east. The low-lying building to the immediate right of the silo is the Fuel Purification Structure T-28E). - Air Force Plant PJKS, Systems Integration Laboratory, Long-Term Hydrazine Silo, Waterton Canyon Road & Colorado Highway 121, Lakewood, Jefferson County, CO

3. Exterior view of LongTerm Hydrazine Silo (T28E), looking southwest. ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

3. Exterior view of Long-Term Hydrazine Silo (T-28E), looking southwest. The low-lying building to the immediate left of the silo is the Fuel Purification Structure (T-28E). - Air Force Plant PJKS, Systems Integration Laboratory, Long-Term Hydrazine Silo, Waterton Canyon Road & Colorado Highway 121, Lakewood, Jefferson County, CO

SNCR De-NOx within a moderate temperature range using urea-spiked hydrazine hydrate as reductant.

PubMed

Chen, H; Chen, D Z; Fan, S; Hong, L; Wang, D

2016-10-01

In this research, urea-spiked hydrazine hydrate solutions are used as reductants for the Selective Non-Catalytic Reduction (SNCR) De-NOx process below 650 °C. The urea concentration in the urea/hydrazine hydrate solutions is chosen through experimental and theoretical studies. To determine the mechanism of the De-NOx process, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) of the urea/hydrazine hydrate solutions and their thermal decomposition in air and nitrogen atmospheres were studied to understand their decomposition behaviours and redox characteristics. Then a plug flow reactor (PFR) model was adopted to simulate the De-NOx processes in a pilot scale tubular reactor, and the calculated De-NOx efficiency vs. temperature profiles were compared with experimental results to support the mechanism and choose the proper reductant and its reaction temperature. Both the experimental and calculated results show that when the urea is spiked into hydrazine hydrate solution to make the urea-N content approximately 16.7%-25% of the total N content in the solution, better De-NOx efficiencies can be obtained in the temperature range of 550-650 °C, under which NH3 is inactive in reducing NOx. And it is also proved that for these urea-spiked hydrazine hydrate solutions, the hydrazine decomposition through the pathway N2H4 + M = N2H3 + H + M is enhanced to provide radical H, which is active to reduce NO. Finally, the reaction routes for SNCR De-NOx process based on urea-spiked hydrazine hydrate at the proper temperature are proposed. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Interactions of Hydrazine and of Hydrazine Derivatives with Soil Constituents and with Soils.

DTIC Science & Technology

1982-01-31

exchangeable metal cations held by the clay and humic colloids, or the metal of the hydrous oxide colloids. The pH values of the natural soil solution of most...hydrazine into a soil system will tend to increase the pH of the soil solution . Hydrous oxides of iron and aluminium are insoluble at high pH, and these...aeration, and by the soil solution pH. Treatment of contaminated soils can alter these properties in order to promote the degradation or immobilization of

Review of Alpha-Ketoglutaric Acid (AKGA) Hydrazine and Monomethylhydrazine (MMH) Neutralizing Compound

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Dibbern, Andreas W.; Beeson, Harold D.; Greene, Benjamin; Giordano, Thomas J.

2009-01-01

The Johnson Space Center (JSC) White Sands Test Facility (WSTF) and NASA Engineering and Safety Center (NESC) were requested by NASA Associate Administrator for Space Operations to perform an evaluation of a proposed hydrazine/monomethylhydrazine (MMH) fuel treatment method using alpha-ketoglutaric acid (AKGA). This evaluation request was prompted by preliminary tests at the Kennedy Space Center (KSC), suggesting cost and operational benefits to NASA for the Space Shuttle Program (SSP) and other hardware decontamination and decommissioning, in addition to hydrazine and MMH waste treatment activities. This paper provides the team's position on the current KSC and New Mexico Highlands University (NMHU) efforts toward implementing the AKGA treatment technology with flight hardware, ground support equipment (GSE), hydrazine and MMH spills, and vapor control. This evaluation is current to the last data examined (approximately September 2008).

A highly sensitive and selective off-on fluorescent chemosensor for hydrazine based on coumarin β-diketone

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wu, Wei-Na; Wu, Hao; Wang, Yuan; Mao, Xian-Jie; Zhao, Xiao-Lei; Xu, Zhou-Qing; Fan, Yun-Chang; Xu, Zhi-Hong

2018-01-01

A coumarin-based sensor C1, namely 3-acetoacetylcoumarin was designed, synthesized and applied for hydrazine detection. Hydrazinolysis of the chemosensor gives a fluorescent coumarin-pyrazole product C1 - N2H4 [3-(3-methyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)coumarin], and thus resulting in a prominent fluorescence off-on response toward hydrazine under physiological conditions. The probe is highly selective toward hydrazine over cations, anions and other biologically/environmentally abundant analytes. The detection limit of the probe is 3.2 ppb. The sensing mechanism was supported by 1H NMR, IR, MS and DFT calculation. The application of the fluorescent probe in monitoring intracellular hydrazine in glioma cell line U251 was also demonstrated.

Hydrazine levels in formulations of hydralazine, isoniazid, and phenelzine over a 2-year period.

PubMed

Lovering, E G; Matsui, F; Curran, N M; Robertson, D L; Sears, R W

1983-08-01

Hydrazine levels in formulations of hydralazine, isoniazid, and phenelzine have been measured over a 2-year period under ambient conditions and under temperature and humidity stress. Hydralazine tablets are stable under ambient conditions, but the hydrazine level in an injectable formulation increased from 4.5 to 10 micrograms/ml over a 23-month period. Isoniazid tablets are also stable, but hydrazine levels in an elixir and a pyridoxine combination product doubled to 44 micrograms/ml and 19 micrograms/tablet, respectively. Levels in phenelzine tablets appeared to remain constant at approximately 60 micrograms/tablet, with considerable tablet-to-tablet variation.

Application of a palladium hexacyanoferrate film-modified aluminum electrode to electrocatalytic oxidation of hydrazine.

PubMed

Razmi, Habib; Azadbakht, Azadeh; Sadr, Moayad Hossaini

2005-11-01

A palladium hexacyanoferrate (PdHCF) film as an electrocatalytic material was obtained at an aluminum (Al) electrode by a simple electroless dipping method. The modified Al electrode demonstrated a well-behaved redox couple due to the redox reaction of the PdHCF film. The PdHCF film showed an excellent electrocatalytic activity toward the oxidation of hydrazine. The electrocatalytic oxidation of hydrazine was studied by cyclic voltammetry and rotating disk electrode voltammetry techniques. A calibration graph obtained for the hydrazine consisted of two segments (localized at concentration ranges 0.39-10 and 20-75 mM). The rate constant k and transfer coefficient alpha for the catalytic reaction and the diffusion coefficient of hydrazine in the solution D, were found to be 3.11 x 10(3) M(-1) s(-1), 0.52 and 8.03 x 10(-6) cm2 s(-1) respectively. The modified electrode was used to amperometric determination of hydrazine in photographic developer. The interference of ascorbic acid and thiosulfate were investigated and greatly reduced using a thin film of Nafion on the modified electrode. The modified electrode indicated reproducible behavior and a high level of stability during electrochemical experiments, making it particularly suitable for analytical purposes.

Cyclic voltammetry deposition of copper nanostructure on MWCNTs modified pencil graphite electrode: An ultra-sensitive hydrazine sensor.

PubMed

Heydari, Hamid; Gholivand, Mohammad B; Abdolmaleki, Abbas

2016-09-01

In this study, Copper (Cu) nanostructures (CuNS) were electrochemically deposited on a film of multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) modified pencil graphite electrode (MWCNTs/PGE) by cyclic voltammetry method to fabricate a CuNS-MWCNTs composite sensor (CuNS-MWCNT/PGE) for hydrazine detection. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) were used for the characterization of CuNS on the MWCNTs matrix. The composite of CuNS-MWCNTs was characterized with cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The preliminary studies showed that the proposed sensor have a synergistic electrocatalytic activity for the oxidation of hydrazine in phosphate buffer. The catalytic currents of square wave voltammetry had a linear correlation with the hydrazine concentration in the range of 0.1 to 800μM with a low detection limit of 70nM. Moreover, the amperometric oxidation current exhibited a linear correlation with hydrazine concentration in the concentration range of 50-800μM with the detection limit of 4.3μM. The proposed electrode was used for the determination of hydrazine in real samples and the results were promising. Empirical results also indicated that the sensor had good reproducibility, long-term stability, and the response of the sensor to hydrazine was free from interferences. Moreover, the proposed sensor benefits from simple preparation, low cost, outstanding sensitivity, selectivity, and reproducibility for hydrazine determination. Copyright © 2016. Published by Elsevier B.V.

Biological effects of fuel and exhaust components from spacecraft descent engines employing hydrazine

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Lehwalt, M. E.; Woeller, F. H.; Oyama, V. I.

1973-01-01

The effect of the products of the Viking terminal descent engine fuel upon possible extraterrestrial life at the Martian landing site is examined. The effects of the engine exhaust, the hydrazine fuel, and the breakdown products of the latter on terrestrial microorganisms have been studied. The results indicate that the gaseous exhaust products would probably not be hazardous to microorganisms, but that liquid hydrazine would be lethal.

Synthesis, characterization and antioxidant study of N,N’-bis(2-chlorobenzamidothiocarbonyl)hydrazine

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Firdausiah, Syadza; Hasbullah, Siti Aishah; Yamin, Bohari M.

2015-09-25

N,N’-bis(2-chlorobenzamidothiocarbonyl)hydrazine was synthesized from 2-chlorobenzoylisothiocyanate and hydrazine in acetone. The compound was characterized by infrared, {sup 1}H and {sup 13}C NMR, and UV-Vis spectroscopies. X-ray crystallography study showed the molecule adopt trans configuration at both N-N and C-N bonds. The compound showed high antioxidant activity, EC{sub 50} of 374.89 µM, compared to ascorbic acid (EC{sub 50} of 561.36 µM)

Enthalpies of Formation of Hydrazine and Its Derivatives.

PubMed

Dorofeeva, Olga V; Ryzhova, Oxana N; Suchkova, Taisiya A

2017-07-20

Enthalpies of formation, Δ f H 298 ° , in both the gas and condensed phase, and enthalpies of sublimation or vaporization have been estimated for hydrazine, NH 2 NH 2 , and its 36 various derivatives using quantum chemical calculations. The composite G4 method has been used along with isodesmic reaction schemes to derive a set of self-consistent high-accuracy gas-phase enthalpies of formation. To estimate the enthalpies of sublimation and vaporization with reasonable accuracy (5-20 kJ/mol), the method of molecular electrostatic potential (MEP) has been used. The value of Δ f H 298 ° (NH 2 NH 2 ,g) = 97.0 ± 3.0 kJ/mol was determined from 75 isogyric reactions involving about 50 reference species; for most of these species, the accurate Δ f H 298 ° (g) values are available in Active Thermochemical Tables (ATcT). The calculated value is in excellent agreement with the reported results of the most accurate models based on coupled cluster theory (97.3 kJ/mol, the average of six calculations). Thus, the difference between the values predicted by high-level theoretical calculations and the experimental value of Δ f H 298 ° (NH 2 NH 2 ,g) = 95.55 ± 0.19 kJ/mol recommended in the ATcT and other comprehensive reference sources is sufficiently large and requires further investigation. Different hydrazine derivatives have been also considered in this work. For some of them, both the enthalpy of formation in the condensed phase and the enthalpy of sublimation or vaporization are available; for other compounds, experimental data for only one of these properties exist. Evidence of accuracy of experimental data for the first group of compounds was provided by the agreement with theoretical Δ f H 298 ° (g) value. The unknown property for the second group of compounds was predicted using the MEP model. This paper presents a systematic comparison of experimentally determined enthalpies of formation and enthalpies of sublimation or vaporization with the results of

Synthesis, structurale elucidation and antioxidant study of Ortho-substituted N,N’-bis(benzamidothiocarbonyl)hydrazine derivatives

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Firdausiah, Syadza; Hasbullah, S. A.; Yamin, B. M.

2018-03-01

Some bis(thiourea) compounds have been reported to posses excellent performance in pharmaceutical and environmental fields because of their ability to form chelating complexes with various anions and metal ions. Structurally for carbonyl thiourea derivatives, to become a chelating agent, it must adopt cis-configuration. In the present study, four new bis(thiourea) derivatives namely N,N’-bis(o-fluorobenzamidothiocarbonyl)hydrazine (1), N,N’- bis(o-chloro-benzamidothiocarbonyl)hydrazine (2), N,N’-bis(o-nitrobenzamidothiocarbonyl)-hydrazine (3), and N,N’-bis(o-methylbenzamidothiocarbonyl)hydrazine (4) were successfully synthesized and characterized by CHNS microelemental analysis, FTIR, UV-Vis, and 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy. However chemical crystallography study showed that both thiourea moieties in compound (2) and (3) adopt trans geometry. Therefore they are potential monodentate ligand with two active moieties. DPPH radical scavenging experiment showed that compound (1), (2), and (4) exhibited higher antioxidant activity than ascorbic acid (Vitamin C).

In-situ analysis of hydrazine decomposition products

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Curran, Francis M.; Whalen, Margaret V.

1987-01-01

A gas analyzer utilizing a nondispersive infrared (NDIR) detection system was used to monitor the ammonia and water vapor content of the products of a previously unused hydrazine gas generator. This provided an in-situ measurement of the generator's efficiency difficult to obtain by other means. The analyzer was easily installed in both the calibration and hydrazine systems, required no maintenance other than periodic zero adjustments, and performed well for extended periods in the operating range tested. The catalyst bed operated smoothly and repeatably during the 28 hr of testing. No major transients were observed on startup or during steady state operation. The amount of ammonia in the output stream of the gas generator was found to be a strong function of temperature at catalyst bed temperatures below 450 C. At temperatures above this, the efficiency remained nearly constant. On startup the gas generator efficiency was found to decrease with time until a steady state value was attained. Elevated catalyst bed temperatures in the periods before steady state operation was found to be responsible for this phenomenon.

Effect of gold nanoparticle as a novel nanocatalyst on luminol-hydrazine chemiluminescence system and its analytical application.

PubMed

Safavi, A; Absalan, G; Bamdad, F

2008-03-10

In this work the catalytic role of unsupported gold nanoparticles on the luminol-hydrazine reaction is investigated. Gold nanoparticles catalyze the reaction of hydrazine and dissolved oxygen to generate hydrogen peroxide and also catalyze the oxidation of luminol by the produced hydrogen peroxide. The result is an intense chemiluminescence (CL) due to the excited 3-aminophthalate anion. In the absence of gold nanoparticles no detectable CL was observed by the reaction of luminol and hydrazine unless an external oxidant is present in the system. The size effect of gold nanoparticles on the CL intensity was investigated. The most intensive CL signals were obtained with 15-nm gold nanoparticles. UV-vis spectra and transmission electron microscopy studies were used to investigate the CL mechanism. The luminol and hydroxide ion concentration, gold nanoparticles size and flow rate were optimized. The proposed method was successfully applied to the determination of hydrazine in boiler feed water samples. Between 0.1 and 30 microM of hydrazine could be determined with a detection limit of 30 nM.

Spectrophotometric determination of pico-molar level of hydrazine by using Alizarin red in water and urine samples

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Arulraj, Abraham Daniel; Vijayan, Muthunanthevar; Vasantha, Vairathevar Sivasamy

2015-09-01

In this paper, very simple and rapid sensor has been developed for the spectrophotometric determination of pico-molar level of hydrazine using Alizarin red. There was a decrease of optical intensity of the probe in the presence of hydrazine. The LOD is calculated from the linear graph between 5-100 pM as 0.66 pM of hydrazine which is well below the risk level proposed by Agency for Toxic Substance and Disease Registry. The probe selectivity for the detection of hydrazine was tested in the presence of commonly encountered metal ions and anions. The calibration curves showed good linearity for working ranges from 5-100 pM and 0.5-40 mM respectively, with R2 = 0.9911 and 0.9744, indicate the validity of the Beer-Lambert law. The binding constant and the free energy change values are determined by the Benesi-Hildebrand method. Determination of hydrazine in environmental water and human urine samples are successfully performed by the proposed method with the recovery of 100%.

Spectrophotometric determination of pico-molar level of hydrazine by using Alizarin red in water and urine samples.

PubMed

Arulraj, Abraham Daniel; Vijayan, Muthunanthevar; Vasantha, Vairathevar Sivasamy

2015-09-05

In this paper, very simple and rapid sensor has been developed for the spectrophotometric determination of pico-molar level of hydrazine using Alizarin red. There was a decrease of optical intensity of the probe in the presence of hydrazine. The LOD is calculated from the linear graph between 5-100 pM as 0.66 pM of hydrazine which is well below the risk level proposed by Agency for Toxic Substance and Disease Registry. The probe selectivity for the detection of hydrazine was tested in the presence of commonly encountered metal ions and anions. The calibration curves showed good linearity for working ranges from 5-100 pM and 0.5-40 mM respectively, with R(2)=0.9911 and 0.9744, indicate the validity of the Beer-Lambert law. The binding constant and the free energy change values are determined by the Benesi-Hildebrand method. Determination of hydrazine in environmental water and human urine samples are successfully performed by the proposed method with the recovery of 100%. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Intramolecular Electron Transfer in Bis(tetraalkyl Hydrazine) and Bis(hydrazyl) Radical Cations.

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chang, Hao

A series of multicyclic bis(hydrazine) and bis(diazenium) compounds connected by relatively rigid hydrocarbon frameworks were prepared for the study of intramolecular electron transfer. The thermodynamics of electron removal of these compounds was investigated by cyclic voltammetry. The difference between the first and second oxidation potentials for the 4 sigma-bonded species was found to be larger for the bis(hydrazyl) radical systems than for the bis(hydrazines) by ca. 0.2 V (4.6 kcal/mol). This indicates a greater degree of interaction between the two nitrogen moieties for the hydrazyl systems, which is consistent with a greater degree of electronic coupling (H _{rm AB}) in these systems. The ESR spectra of the 4 sigma -bonded bis(hydrazine) radical cations indicate localized radical cations, which corresponds to slow intramolecular electron transfer on the ESR timescale. Conversely, the ESR spectra of the corresponding bis(hydrazyl) radical cation systems show nitrogen hyperfine splittings of a(4N) of ca. 4.5 G. This indicates that intramolecular electron transfer between the two nitrogen moieties is fast on the ESR timescale; the rate of exchange, k_ {rm ex} was estimated to be well above 1.9 times 10^8 s^{-1}. The contrast in exchange rates is consistent with the large geometry change upon oxidation which is characteristic of hydrazines. The hydrazyls undergo a smaller geometry change upon oxidation, and thus are expected to exhibit smaller inner-sphere reorganization energies. The optical spectra of these radical species was investigated in hopes of observing absorption bands corresponding to intramolecular electron transfer, as predicted by Hush theory. A broad absorption band was observed in the near IR region for the saturated bis(hydrazyl) radical cation system at 1060 nm (9420 cm^{-1} ) in acetonitrile at room temperature, and was accompanied by a narrower band at 1430 nm (6993 cm^ {-1}). The width of this band was estimated to be 545 nm (6496 cm^{-1

The shock Hugoniot of liquid hydrazine in the pressure range of 3.1 to 21.4 GPa

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Garcia, B.O.; Persson, P-A.

1996-10-01

Impedance matching was used; the technique was similar to Richard Dick`s. Shock pressures were produced using a plane wave explosive driver with different explosives and different reference materials against liq. hydrazine. Velocity of shock wave in the liquid and free surface velocity of the reference material were measured using different pin contact techniques. The experimental Hugoniot appears smooth, with no indication of a phase change. The shock Hugoniot of liq. hydrazine was compared against 3 other liquid Hugoniots (liq. NH3, water, CCl4) and is closest to that for water and in between NH3 and CCl4. The hydrazine Hugoniot was alsomore » compared to the ``Universal`` Hugoniot for liquids. This universal Hugoniot is not a good approximation for the liq. hydrazine in this pressure range.« less

Hydrazine reduction of transition metal oxides - In situ characterization using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Littrell, D. M.; Tatarchuk, B. J.

1986-01-01

The transition metal oxides (TMOs) V2O5, FeO3, Co3O4, NiO, CuO, and ZnO were exposed to hydrazine at various pressures. The metallic surfaces were surveyed by in situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy to determine the irrelative rate of reduction by hydrazine. The most easily reducible oxide, CuO, could be reduced to the metallic state at room temperature and 10 to the -6th torr. The reaction is first order with respect to CuO, with an activation energy of about 35 kJ/mol. Two types of adsorption were seen to occur at 295 K: (1) a reversible component in which the measured N:Cu ratio increased to 0.60 at hydrazine pressures up to 0.5 torr, and (2) an irreversible component, with a N:Cu ratio of 0.28, which could not be removed by extended vacuum pumping. The results of this study are useful for the identification of TMO's that can be used as solid neatallizers of hydrazine spills, and for the preparation of metal surfaces for electroplating and evaporative thin-film coating.

Electrocatalytic oxidation of hydrazine and hydroxylamine by graphene oxide-Pd nanoparticle-modified glassy carbon electrode.

PubMed

Lee, Eunhee; Kim, Daekun; You, Jung-Min; Kim, Seul Ki; Yun, Mira; Jeon, Seungwon

2012-12-01

Pd nanoparticle catalysts supported by thiolated graphene oxide (tGO) on a glassy carbon electrode (GCE), and denoted as tGO-Pd/GCE, are used in this study for the electrochemical determination of hydroxylamine and hydrazine. The physicochemical properties of tGO-Pd were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). They showed strong catalytic activity toward the oxidation of hydroxylamine and hydrazine. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) and amperometry were used to characterize the sensors' performances. The detection limits of hydroxylamine and hydrazine by tGO-Pd/GCE were 0.31 and 0.25 microM (s/n = 3), respectively. The sensors' sensitivity, selectivity, and stability were also investigated.

Permeation Resistance of Chlorinated Polyethylene Against Hydrazine Fuels

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Waller, J. M.; Williams, J. H.

1999-01-01

The permeation resistance of chlorinated polyethylene (CPE) used in chemical protective clothing against the aerospace fuels hydrazine, monomethylhydrazine (MMH), and uns-dimethylhydrazine (UDMH) was determined by measuring breakthrough times and time-averaged vapor transmission rates using an ASTM F 739 permeation cell. Two exposure scenarios were simulated: a 2 hour (h) fuel vapor exposure, and a liquid fuel "splash" followed by a 2 h vapor exposure. To simulate internal suit pressure during operation, a positive differential pressure of 0.3 in. water (75 Pa) on the collection side of the permeation apparatus was used. Breakthrough was observed after exposure to liquid MMH, and to vapor and liquid UDMH. No breakthrough was observed after exposure to vapor and liquid hydrazine, or vapor MMH. A model was then used to calculate propellant concentrations inside a totally encapsulating chemical protective suit based on the ASTM permeation data obtained in the present study. Concentrations were calculated under conditions of fixed vapor transmission rate, variable breathing air flow rate, and variable splash exposure area. Calculations showed that the maximum allowable permeation rates of hydrazine fuels through CPE were of the order of 0.05 to 0.08 ng sq cm/min for encapsulating suits with low breathing air flow rates (of the order of 5 scfm or 140 L/min). Above these permeation rates, the 10 parts per billion (ppb) threshold limit value time - weighted average could be exceeded for chemical protective suits having a CPE torso. To evaluate suit performance at ppb level concentrations, use of a sensitive analytical method such as cation exchange high performance liquid chromatography with amperometric detection was found to be essential.

(E)-1,1,4,4-Tetramethyl-2-tetrazene (TMTZ): A Prospective Alternative to Hydrazines in Rocket Propulsion.

PubMed

Dhenain, Anne; Darwich, Chaza; Sabaté, Carlos Miró; Le, Duc-Minh; Bougrine, Anne-Julie; Delalu, Henri; Lacôte, Emmanuel; Payen, Léa; Guitton, Jérôme; Labarthe, Emilie; Jacob, Guy

2017-07-21

1,1,4,4-Tetramethyl-2-tetrazene (TMTZ) is considered as a prospective replacement for toxic hydrazines used in liquid rocket propulsion. The heat of formation of TMTZ was computed and measured, giving values well above those of the hydrazines commonly used in propulsion. This led to a predicted maximum I sp of 337 s for TMTZ/N 2 O 4 mixtures, which is a value comparable to that of monomethylhydrazine. We found that TMTZ has a vapor pressure well below that of liquid hydrazines, and it is far less toxic. Finally, an improved synthesis is proposed, which is compatible with existing industrial production facilities after minor changes. TMTZ is thus an attractive liquid propellant candidate, with a performance comparable to hydrazines but a lower vapor pressure and toxicity. © 2017 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

SECONDARY COMBUSTION OF PENTABORANE-HYDRAZINE EXHAUST IN AIR

DTIC Science & Technology

The design of the first of two liquid micromotors , has been completed. This micromotor will be used for the determination of characteristic velocity... micromotor and auxiliary equipment has been initiated. A tentative test plan has been developed for the study of the combustion characteristics in air of the pentaborane-hydrazine system.

Kaolinite-catalyzed air oxidation of hydrazine: Consideration of several compositional, structural and energetic factors in surface activation

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Coyne, L. M.; Mariner, R.; Rice, A.

1991-01-01

Clay minerals have been shown to have numerous, curious, energetic properties by virtue of ultra-violet light release which can be triggered by gentle environmental changes such as wetting and dewetting by a variety of liquids, unique among them water and hydrazine. Since both water and hydrazine play multiple key roles in the air-oxidation of hydrazine on kaolinite surfaces, this reaction would seem to have prime potential for studying interrelationships of energy storage, release and chemical reactivity of clay surfaces, capacities basic to either the Bernal or Cairns-Smith roles of minerals in the origin of life. Establishment of the capacity for stored electronic energy to significantly alter surface chemistry is important, regardless of the reaction chosen to demonstrate it. Hydrazine air oxidation is overawingly complex, given the possibilities for step-wise control and monitoring of parameters. In the light of recently extended characterization of the kaolinite and model sheet catalysts we used to study hydrazine oxidation and gamma-irradiated silica, previous studies of hydrazine air-oxidation on aluminosilicate surfaces have been reevaluated. Our former conclusion remains intact that, whereas trace structural and surface contaminants do play some role in the catalysis of oxidation, they are not the only, nor even the dominant, catalytic centers. Initial intermediates in the oxidation can now be proposed which are consistent with production via O(-)-centers as well as ferric iron centers. The greater than square dependence of the initial reaction rate on the weight of the clay is discussed in the light of these various mechanistic possibilities.

An Improved Calibration Method for Hydrazine Monitors for the United States Air Force

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Korsah, K

2003-07-07

This report documents the results of Phase 1 of the ''Air Force Hydrazine Detector Characterization and Calibration Project''. A method for calibrating model MDA 7100 hydrazine detectors in the United States Air Force (AF) inventory has been developed. The calibration system consists of a Kintek 491 reference gas generation system, a humidifier/mixer system which combines the dry reference hydrazine gas with humidified diluent or carrier gas to generate the required humidified reference for calibrations, and a gas sampling interface. The Kintek reference gas generation system itself is periodically calibrated using an ORNL-constructed coulometric titration system to verify the hydrazine concentrationmore » of the sample atmosphere in the interface module. The Kintek reference gas is then used to calibrate the hydrazine monitors. Thus, coulometric titration is only used to periodically assess the performance of the Kintek reference gas generation system, and is not required for hydrazine monitor calibrations. One advantage of using coulometric titration for verifying the concentration of the reference gas is that it is a primary standard (if used for simple solutions), thereby guaranteeing, in principle, that measurements will be traceable to SI units (i.e., to the mole). The effect of humidity of the reference gas was characterized by using the results of concentrations determined by coulometric titration to develop a humidity correction graph for the Kintek 491 reference gas generation system. Using this calibration method, calibration uncertainty has been reduced by 50% compared to the current method used to calibrate hydrazine monitors in the Air Force inventory and calibration time has also been reduced by more than 20%. Significant findings from studies documented in this report are the following: (1) The Kintek 491 reference gas generation system (generator, humidifier and interface module) can be used to calibrate hydrazine detectors. (2) The Kintek system

A novel dicyanoisophorone based red-emitting fluorescent probe with a large Stokes shift for detection of hydrazine in solution and living cells

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lv, Hongshui; Sun, Haiyan; Wang, Shoujuan; Kong, Fangong

2018-05-01

A novel dicyanoisophorone based fluorescent probe HP was developed to detect hydrazine. Upon the addition of hydrazine, probe HP displayed turn-on fluorescence in the red region with a large Stokes shift (180 nm). This probe exhibited high selectivity and high sensitivity to hydrazine in solution. The detection limit of HP was found to be 3.26 ppb, which was lower than the threshold limit value set by USEPA (10 ppb). Moreover, the probe was successfully applied to detect hydrazine in different water samples and living cells.

Catalytic transformation of dinitrogen into ammonia and hydrazine by iron-dinitrogen complexes bearing pincer ligand

PubMed Central

Kuriyama, Shogo; Arashiba, Kazuya; Nakajima, Kazunari; Matsuo, Yuki; Tanaka, Hiromasa; Ishii, Kazuyuki; Yoshizawa, Kazunari; Nishibayashi, Yoshiaki

2016-01-01

Synthesis and reactivity of iron-dinitrogen complexes have been extensively studied, because the iron atom plays an important role in the industrial and biological nitrogen fixation. As a result, iron-catalyzed reduction of molecular dinitrogen into ammonia has recently been achieved. Here we show that an iron-dinitrogen complex bearing an anionic PNP-pincer ligand works as an effective catalyst towards the catalytic nitrogen fixation, where a mixture of ammonia and hydrazine is produced. In the present reaction system, molecular dinitrogen is catalytically and directly converted into hydrazine by using transition metal-dinitrogen complexes as catalysts. Because hydrazine is considered as a key intermediate in the nitrogen fixation in nitrogenase, the findings described in this paper provide an opportunity to elucidate the reaction mechanism in nitrogenase. PMID:27435503

Colorimetric and fluorescent detection of hydrazine with high sensitivity and excellent selectivity

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Shi, Bingjie; Qi, Sujie; Yu, Mingming; Liu, Chunxia; Li, Zhanxian; Wei, Liuhe; Ni, Zhonghai

2018-01-01

It is critical to develop probes for rapid, selective, and sensitive detection of the highly toxic hydrazine in both environmental and biological science. In this work, under mild condition, a novel colorimetric and off-on fluorescent probe was synthesized for rapid recognition of hydrazine with excellent selectivity over other various species including some biological species, metal ions and anions. The limit of quantification (LOQ) value was 1.5 × 10- 4 M-3.2 × 10- 3 M (colorimetric method) and 1.5 × 10- 4 M - 3.2 × 10- 3 M (fluorescent method) with as low as detection limit of 46.2 μM.

Analysis of hydrazine in drinking water by isotope dilution gas chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry with derivatization and liquid-liquid extraction.

PubMed

Davis, William E; Li, Yongtao

2008-07-15

A new isotope dilution gas chromatography/chemical ionization/tandem mass spectrometric method was developed for the analysis of carcinogenic hydrazine in drinking water. The sample preparation was performed by using the optimized derivatization and multiple liquid-liquid extraction techniques. Using the direct aqueous-phase derivatization with acetone, hydrazine and isotopically labeled hydrazine-(15)N2 used as the surrogate standard formed acetone azine and acetone azine-(15)N2, respectively. These derivatives were then extracted with dichloromethane. Prior to analysis using methanol as the chemical ionization reagent gas, the extract was dried with anhydrous sodium sulfate, concentrated through evaporation, and then fortified with isotopically labeled N-nitrosodimethylamine-d6 used as the internal standard to quantify the extracted acetone azine-(15)N2. The extracted acetone azine was quantified against the extracted acetone azine-(15)N2. The isotope dilution standard calibration curve resulted in a linear regression correlation coefficient (R) of 0.999. The obtained method detection limit was 0.70 ng/L for hydrazine in reagent water samples, fortified at a concentration of 1.0 ng/L. For reagent water samples fortified at a concentration of 20.0 ng/L, the mean recoveries were 102% with a relative standard deviation of 13.7% for hydrazine and 106% with a relative standard deviation of 12.5% for hydrazine-(15)N2. Hydrazine at 0.5-2.6 ng/L was detected in 7 out of 13 chloraminated drinking water samples but was not detected in the rest of the chloraminated drinking water samples and the studied chlorinated drinking water sample.

Long life monopropellant hydrazine thruster evaluation for Space Station Freedom application - Test results

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Popp, Christopher G.; Cook, Joseph C.; Ragland, Brenda L.; Pate, Leah R.

1992-01-01

In support of propulsion system thruster development activity for Space Station Freedom (SSF), NASA Johnson Space Center (JSC) conducted a hydrazine thruster technology demonstration program. The goal of this program was to identify impulse life capability of state-of-the-art long life hydrazine thrusters nominally rated for 50 pounds thrust at 300 psia supply pressure. The SSF propulsion system requirement for impulse life of this thruster class is 1.5 million pounds-seconds, corresponding to a throughput of approximately 6400 pounds of propellant. Long life thrusters were procured from The Marquardt Company, Hamilton Standard, and Rocket Research Company, Testing at JSC was completed on the thruster designs to quantify life while simulating expected thruster firing duty cycles and durations for SSF. This paper presents a review of the SSF propulsion system hydrazine thruster requirements, summaries of the three long life thruster designs procured by JSC and acceptance test results for each thruster, the JSC thruster life evaluation test program, and the results of the JSC test program.

N-2-Hydroxy-4-methoxyacetophenone- N'-4-nitrobenzoyl hydrazine: Synthesis and structural characterization

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bessy Raj, B. N.; Kurup, M. R. Prathapachandra

2007-04-01

A new aroyl hydrazone, N-2-hydroxy-4-methoxyacetophenone- N'-4-nitrobenzoyl hydrazine was prepared by the condensation reaction of 2-hydroxy-4-methoxyacetophenone and 4-nitrobenzoyl hydrazine. Characterization of the compound was done by elemental analysis and electronic, infrared and NMR spectral analyses. The complete structural assignment of the compound was done by NMR studies by using COSY homonuclear and HSQC heteronuclear techniques. The crystal and molecular structure was determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction studies: crystallized in the monoclinic system, space group P2 1/ n, Z = 4, a = 7.3343(9) Å, b = 20.3517(9) Å, c = 10.1375(5) Å, α = 90.00°, β = 95.735(7)° and γ = 90.00°. From the crystal structure, it is concluded that the compound exists as the keto isomer in the solid state. There is a completely extended conformation in the central part of the molecule C5 sbnd C8 dbnd N1 sbnd N2 sbnd C10 dbnd O2 with an E configuration at the double bond of the hydrazinic bridge.

Key role of hydrazine to the interaction between oxaloacetic against phosphoenolpyruvic carboxykinase (PEPCK): ONIOM calculations.

PubMed

Prajongtat, Pongthep; Phromyothin, Darinee Sae-Tang; Hannongbua, Supa

2013-08-01

The interactions between oxaloacetic (OAA) and phosphoenolpyruvic carboxykinase (PEPCK) binding pocket in the presence and absence of hydrazine were carried out using quantum chemical calculations, based on the two-layered ONIOM (ONIOM2) approach. The complexes were partially optimized by ONIOM2 (B3LYP/6-31G(d):PM6) method while the interaction energies between OAA and individual residues surrounding the pocket were performed at the MP2/6-31G(d,p) level of theory. The calculated interaction energies (INT) indicated that Arg87, Gly237, Ser286, and Arg405 are key residues for binding to OAA with the INT values of -1.93, -2.06, -2.47, and -3.16 kcal mol(-1), respectively. The interactions are mainly due to the formation of hydrogen bonding interactions with OAA. Moreover, using ONIOM2 (B3LYP/6-31G(d):PM6) applied on the PEPCKHS complex, two proton transfers were observed; first, the proton was transferred from the carboxylic group of OAA to hydrazine while the second one was from Asp311 to Lys244. Such reactions cause the generation of binding strength of OAA to the pocket via electrostatic interaction. The orientations of Lys243, Lys244, His264, Asp311, Phe333, and Arg405 were greatly deviated after hydrazine incorporation. These indicate that hydrazine plays an important role in terms of not only changing the conformation of the binding pocket, but is also tightly bound to OAA resulting in its conformation change in the pocket. The understanding of such interaction can be useful for the design of hydrazine-based inhibitor for antichachexia agents.

Hydrazine and hydroxylamine as probes for O2-reduction site of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase.

PubMed Central

Kubota, T; Yoshikawa, S

1993-01-01

Reactions of hydrazine and hydroxylamine with bovine heart cytochrome c oxidase in the fully reduced state were investigated under anaerobic conditions following the visible-Soret spectral change. Hydrazine gave a sharp band at 575 nm with 20% decrease in the alpha band at 603 nm, and hydroxylamine induced a 2 nm blue-shift for the alpha band without any clear splitting. The Soret band at 443 nm was decreased significantly in intensity, with the concomitant appearance of a shoulder with hydrazine or a peak with hydroxylamine, both near 430 nm. The dependence on pH of the affinity of these reagents for the enzyme indicates that only the deprotonated forms of these reagents bind to the enzyme, suggesting a highly hydrophobic environment of the haem ligand-biding site. These spectral changes were largely removed by addition of cyanide or CO. However, detailed analysis of these spectral changes indicates that hydrazine perturbs the shape of the spectral change induced by cyanide and hydroxylamine perturbs that induced by CO. These results suggest that these aldehyde reagents bind to haem a3 iron as well as to a second site which is most likely to be the formyl group on the haem periphery, and that these two sites bind these reagents anti-cooperatively with each other. PMID:8389138

Efficient hydrogen evolution in transition metal dichalcogenides via a simple one-step hydrazine reaction

PubMed Central

Cummins, Dustin R.; Martinez, Ulises; Sherehiy, Andriy; Kappera, Rajesh; Martinez-Garcia, Alejandro; Schulze, Roland K.; Jasinski, Jacek; Zhang, Jing; Gupta, Ram K.; Lou, Jun; Chhowalla, Manish; Sumanasekera, Gamini; Mohite, Aditya D.; Sunkara, Mahendra K.; Gupta, Gautam

2016-01-01

Hydrogen evolution reaction is catalysed efficiently with precious metals, such as platinum; however, transition metal dichalcogenides have recently emerged as a promising class of materials for electrocatalysis, but these materials still have low activity and durability when compared with precious metals. Here we report a simple one-step scalable approach, where MoOx/MoS2 core-shell nanowires and molybdenum disulfide sheets are exposed to dilute aqueous hydrazine at room temperature, which results in marked improvement in electrocatalytic performance. The nanowires exhibit ∼100 mV improvement in overpotential following exposure to dilute hydrazine, while also showing a 10-fold increase in current density and a significant change in Tafel slope. In situ electrical, gate-dependent measurements and spectroscopic investigations reveal that hydrazine acts as an electron dopant in molybdenum disulfide, increasing its conductivity, while also reducing the MoOx core in the core-shell nanowires, which leads to improved electrocatalytic performance. PMID:27282871

Efficient hydrogen evolution in transition metal dichalcogenides via a simple one-step hydrazine reaction.

PubMed

Cummins, Dustin R; Martinez, Ulises; Sherehiy, Andriy; Kappera, Rajesh; Martinez-Garcia, Alejandro; Schulze, Roland K; Jasinski, Jacek; Zhang, Jing; Gupta, Ram K; Lou, Jun; Chhowalla, Manish; Sumanasekera, Gamini; Mohite, Aditya D; Sunkara, Mahendra K; Gupta, Gautam

2016-06-10

Hydrogen evolution reaction is catalysed efficiently with precious metals, such as platinum; however, transition metal dichalcogenides have recently emerged as a promising class of materials for electrocatalysis, but these materials still have low activity and durability when compared with precious metals. Here we report a simple one-step scalable approach, where MoOx/MoS2 core-shell nanowires and molybdenum disulfide sheets are exposed to dilute aqueous hydrazine at room temperature, which results in marked improvement in electrocatalytic performance. The nanowires exhibit ∼100 mV improvement in overpotential following exposure to dilute hydrazine, while also showing a 10-fold increase in current density and a significant change in Tafel slope. In situ electrical, gate-dependent measurements and spectroscopic investigations reveal that hydrazine acts as an electron dopant in molybdenum disulfide, increasing its conductivity, while also reducing the MoOx core in the core-shell nanowires, which leads to improved electrocatalytic performance.

Efficient hydrogen evolution in transition metal dichalcogenides via a simple one-step hydrazine reaction

DOE PAGES

Cummins, Dustin R.; Martinez, Ulises; Sherehiy, Andriy; ...

2016-06-10

In this study, hydrogen evolution reaction is catalyzed efficiently with precious metals, such as platinum; however, transition metal dichalcogenides have recently emerged as a promising class of materials for electrocatalysis, but these materials still have low activity and durability when compared with precious metals. Here we report a simple one-step scalable approach, where MoO x/MoS 2 core-shell nanowires and molybdenum disulfide sheets are exposed to dilute aqueous hydrazine at room temperature, which results in marked improvement in electrocatalytic performance. The nanowires exhibit ~100 mV improvement in over potential following exposure to dilute hydrazine, while also showing a 10-fold increase inmore » current density and a significant change in Tafel slope. In situ electrical, gate-dependent measurements and spectroscopic investigations reveal that hydrazine acts as an electron dopant in molybdenum disulfide, increasing its conductivity, while also reducing the MoO x core in the core-shell nanowires, which leads to improved electrocatalytic performance.« less

Hydrazine-induced thermo-reversible optical shifts in silver-gelatin bionanocomposites

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Aimé, Carole; Rietveld, Ivo B.; Coradin, Thibaud

2011-03-01

Bionanocomposites formed by in situ growth of silver nanoparticles within gelatin gels exhibit large (up to 100 nm) thermo-reversible optical shifts resulting from the enhancement of gel matrix scattering by the interaction of the biopolymer with the hydrazine reducing agent.

A design study of hydrazine and biowaste resistojets

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Page, R. J.; Stoner, W. A.; Barker, L.

1986-01-01

A generalized modeling program was adapted in BASIC on a personal computer to compare the performance of four types of biowaste resistojets and two types of hydrazine augmenters. Analyzed biowaste design types were: (1) an electrically conductive ceramic heater-exchanger of zirconia; (2) a truss heater of platinum in cross flow; (3) an immersed bicoiled tubular heater-exchanger; and (4) a nonexposed, refractory metal, radiant heater in a central cavity within a heat exchanger case. Concepts 2 and 3 are designed to have an efficient, stainless steel outer pressure case. The hydrazine design types are: (5) an immersed bicoil heater exchanger and (6) a nonexposed radiant heater now with a refractory metal case. The ceramic biowaste resistojet has the highest specific impulse growth potential at 2000 K of 192.5 (CO2) and 269 s (H2O). The bicoil produces the highest augmenter temperature of 1994 K for a 2073 K heater giving 317 s at .73 overall efficiency. Detailed temperature profiles of each of the designs are shown. The scaled layout drawings of each are presented with recommended materials and fabrication methods.

Catalyst comprising Ir or Ir and Ru for hydrazine decomposition

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Armstrong, Warren E. (Inventor); Voge, Hervey H. (Inventor); Ryland, Lloyd B. (Inventor)

1978-01-01

A catalyst for hydrazine decomposition consisting essentially of a carrier having a pore volume of at least 0.1 cubic centimeters per gram and a specific surface area, measured in square meters per gram, equal to 195 (C.sub.p + 0.013 + 0.736 V.sub.p) where C.sub.p is the specific heat capacity of the carrier at about 25.degree. C in calories per gram per degree and V.sub.p is the pore volume of the carrier in cubic centimeters per gram and metal of the group consisting of iridium, and mixtures consisting of iridium and ruthenium deposited on said carrier in an amount between 20% and about 40% by weight of the catalyst and distributed through the pores thereof in discrete particles sufficiently separated from each other so that they do not sinter or fuse together when the catalyst is at hydrazine decomposition temperature.

Development of a sensitive monitor for hydrazine

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Eiceman, Gary A.; Limero, Thomas; James, John T.

1991-01-01

The development of hand-held, ambient-temperature instruments that utilize ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) in the detection of hydrazine and monomethylhydrazine is reviewed. A development effort to eliminate ammonia interference through altering the ionization chemistry, based on adding 5-nonanone as dopant in the ionization region of the IMS, is presented. Calibration of this instrument conducted before and after STS-37 revealed no more than a 5 percent difference between calibration curves, without any appreciable loss of equipment function.

2-(Hetero(aryl)methylene)hydrazine-1-carbothioamides as potent urease inhibitors.

PubMed

Saeed, Aamer; Imran, Aqeel; Channar, Pervaiz A; Shahid, Mohammad; Mahmood, Wajahat; Iqbal, Jamshed

2015-02-01

A small series of 2-(hetero(aryl)methylene) hydrazine-1-carbothioamides including two aryl derivatives was synthesized and tested for their inhibitory activity against urease. Compound (E)-2-(Furan-2-ylmethylene) hydrazine-1-carbothioamide (3f), having a furan ring, was the most potent inhibitor of urease with an IC50 value of 0.58 μM. Molecular modeling was carried out through docking the designed compounds into the urease binding site to predict whether these derivatives have analogous binding mode to the urease inhibitors. The study revealed that all of the tested compounds bind with both metal atoms at the active site of the enzyme. The aromatic ring of the compounds forms ionic interactions with the residues, Ala(440), Asp(494), Ala(636), and Met(637). © 2014 John Wiley & Sons A/S.

The development of a non-cryogenic nitrogen/oxygen supply system. [using hydrazine/water electrolysis

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Greenough, B. M.; Mahan, R. E.

1974-01-01

A hydrazine/water electrolysis process system module design was fabricated and tested to demonstrate component and module performance. This module is capable of providing both the metabolic oxygen for crew needs and the oxygen and nitrogen for spacecraft leak makeup. The component designs evolved through previous R and D efforts, and were fabricated and tested individually and then were assembled into a complete module which was successfully tested for 1000 hours to demonstrate integration of the individual components. A survey was made of hydrazine sensor technology and a cell math model was derived.

Ammonia and hydrazine. Transition-metal-catalyzed hydroamination and metal-free catalyzed functionalization

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Bertrand, Guy

2012-06-29

The efficient and selective preparation of organic molecules is critical for mankind. For the future, it is of paramount importance to find catalysts able to transform abundant and cheap feedstocks into useful compounds. Acyclic and heterocyclic nitrogen-containing derivatives are common components of naturally occurring compounds, agrochemicals, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals; they are also useful intermediates in a number of industrial processes. One of the most widely used synthetic strategies, allowing the formation of an N-C bond, is the addition of an N-H bond across a carbon-carbon multiple bond, the so-called hydroamination reaction. This chemical transformation fulfills the principle of “green chemistry”more » since it ideally occurs with 100% atom economy. Various catalysts have been found to promote this reaction, although many limitations remain; one of the most prominent is the lack of methods that permit the use of NH 3 and NH 2NH 2 as the amine partners. In fact, ammonia and hydrazine have rarely succumbed to homogeneous catalytic transformations. Considering the low cost and abundance of ammonia (136 million metric tons produced in 2011) and hydrazine, catalysts able to improve the reactivity and selectivity of the NH 3- and NH 2NH 2-hydroamination reaction, and more broadly speaking the functionalization of these chemicals, are highly desirable. In the last funded period, we discovered the first homogeneous catalysts able to promote the hydroamination of alkynes and allenes with ammonia and the parent hydrazine. The key feature of our catalytic systems is that the formation of catalytically inactive Werner complexes is reversible, in marked contrast to most of the known ammonia and hydrazine transition metal complexes. This is due to the peculiar electronic properties of our neutral ancillary ligands, especially their strong donating capabilities. However, our catalysts currently require high temperatures and long reaction times. To address

Synthesis and Free Radical Scavenging Activity of New Hydroxybenzylidene Hydrazines.

PubMed

Sersen, Frantisek; Gregan, Fridrich; Kotora, Peter; Kmetova, Jarmila; Filo, Juraj; Loos, Dusan; Gregan, Juraj

2017-05-29

Hydroxybenzylidene hydrazines exhibit a wide spectrum of biological activities. Here, we report synthesis and free radical scavenging activity of nine new N-(hydroxybenzylidene)-N'-[2,6-dinitro-4-(trifluoromethyl)]phenylhydrazines. The chemical structures of these compounds were confirmed by 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, 19F-NMR, IR spectroscopy, LC-MS, and elemental analysis. The prepared compounds were tested for their activity to scavenge 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), galvinoxyl radical (GOR), and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline)-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS) radicals. The free radical scavenging activity expressed as SC50 values of these compounds varied in a wide range, from a strong to no radical scavenging effect. The most effective radical scavengers were hydroxybenzylidene hydrazines containing three hydroxyl groups in the benzylidene part of their molecules. The prepared compounds were also tested for their activity to inhibit photosynthetic electron transport in spinach chloroplasts. IC50 values of these compounds varied in wide range, from an intermediate to no inhibitory effect.

Sustained load crack growth design data for Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy tanks containing hydrazine

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Lewis, J. C.; Kenny, J. T.

1976-01-01

Sustained load crack growth data for Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy in hydrazine per MIL-P-26536 and refined hydrazine are presented. Fracture mechanics data on crack growth thresholds for heat-treated forgings, aged and unaged welds, and aged and unaged heat-affected zones are reported. Fracture mechanics design curves of crack growth threshold stress intensity versus temperature are generated from 40 to 71 C.

Preparation of 3,5-disubstituted pyrazoles and isoxazoles from terminal alkynes, aldehydes, hydrazines, and hydroxylamine.

PubMed

Harigae, Ryo; Moriyama, Katsuhiko; Togo, Hideo

2014-03-07

The reaction of terminal alkynes with n-BuLi, and then with aldehydes, followed by the treatment with molecular iodine, and subsequently hydrazines or hydroxylamine provided the corresponding 3,5-disubstituted pyrazoles or isoxazoles in good yields with high regioselectivity, through the formations of propargyl secondary alkoxides and α-alkynyl ketones. The present reactions are one-pot preparation of 3,5-disubstituted pyrazoles from terminal alkynes, aldehydes, molecular iodine, and hydrazines, and 3,5-disubstituted isoxazoles from terminal alkynes, aldehydes, molecular iodine, and hydroxylamine.

40 CFR 721.4340 - Substituted thiazino hydrazine salt (generic name).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 30 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Substituted thiazino hydrazine salt (generic name). 721.4340 Section 721.4340 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) TOXIC SUBSTANCES CONTROL ACT SIGNIFICANT NEW USES OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES Significant New Uses for Specific Chemical Substances § 721.4340...

Effect of pressure on rate of burning /decomposition with flame/ of liquid hydrazine.

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Antoine, A. C.

1966-01-01

Liquid hydrazine decomposition process to determine what chemical or physical changes may be occurring that cause breaks in burning rate/ pressure curves, measuring flame temperature and light emission

Solvent properties of hydrazine in the preparation of metal chalcogenide bulk materials and films.

PubMed

Yuan, Min; Mitzi, David B

2009-08-21

A combination of unique solvent properties of hydrazine enables the direct dissolution of a range of metal chalcogenides at ambient temperature, rendering this an extraordinarily simple and soft synthetic approach to prepare new metal chalcogenide-based materials. The extended metal chalcogenide parent framework is broken up during this process, and the resulting metal chalcogenide building units are re-organized into network structures (from 0D to 3D) based upon their interactions with the hydrazine/hydrazinium moieties. This Perspective will review recent crystal and materials chemistry developments within this family of compounds and will briefly discuss the utility of this approach in metal chalcogenide thin-film deposition.

Selective fluorescent detection of aspartic acid and glutamic acid employing dansyl hydrazine dextran conjugate.

PubMed

Nasomphan, Weerachai; Tangboriboonrat, Pramuan; Tanapongpipat, Sutipa; Smanmoo, Srung

2014-01-01

Highly water soluble polymer (DD) was prepared and evaluated for its fluorescence response towards various amino acids. The polymer consists of dansyl hydrazine unit conjugated into dextran template. The conjugation enhances higher water solubility of dansyl hydrazine moiety. Of screened amino acids, DD exhibited selective fluorescence quenching in the presence of aspartic acid (Asp) and glutamic acid (Glu). A plot of fluorescence intensity change of DD against the concentration of corresponding amino acids gave a good linear relationship in the range of 1 × 10(-4) M to 25 × 10(-3) M. This establishes DD as a potential polymeric sensor for selective sensing of Asp and Glu.

Monitoring Calcium in Trout Eggs Exposed to Hydrazine.

DTIC Science & Technology

1981-07-10

differentiation processes (Chapman, 1980). The high level of calcium in the notochord can be attributed to poor circulation which is characteristic of this...healthy muscle of the same individual. The notochord of the 8.0 mg/P group showed a higher calcium level than the control group. The chorion did not...calcium can alter the process . The above would suggest that even if some hydrazine is converted to N2 and thereby produce the gas bubble disease

Performance characterization of a low power hydrazine arcjet

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Knowles, S. C.; Smith, W. W.; Curran, F. M.; Haag, T. W.

1987-01-01

Hydrazine arcjets, which offer substantial performance advantages over alternatives in geosynchronous satellite stationkeeping applications, have undergone startup, materials compatibility, lifetime, and power conditioning unit design issues. Devices in the 1000-3000 W output range have been characterized for several different electrode configurations. Constrictor length and diameter, electrode gap setting, and vortex strength have been parametrically studied in order to ascertain the influence of each on specific impulse and efficiency; specific impulse levels greater than 700 sec have been achieved.

A Hydrazine-Free Wolff-Kishner Reaction Suitable for an Undergraduate Laboratory

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Cranwell, Philippa B.; Russell, Andrew T.

2016-01-01

A Wolff-Kishner reaction that does not require hydrazine has been developed. The reaction sequence has two steps: formation of a carbomethoxyhydrazone from methyl hydrazinocarboxylate and acetophenone, then decomposition of this intermediate by treatment with potassium hydroxide in triethylene glycol. Purification is by filtration through a plug…

The effect of hydrazine intercalation on the structure and capacitance of 2D titanium carbide (MXene)

DOE PAGES

Mashtalir, O.; Lukatskaya, Maria R.; Kolesnikov, Alexander I.; ...

2016-03-25

Herein we show that hydrazine intercalation into 2D titanium carbide (Ti 3C 2-based MXene) results in changes in its surface chemistry by decreasing the amounts of fluorine, OH surface groups and intercalated water. It also creates a pillaring effect between Ti 3C 2T x layers pre-opening the structure and improving the accessability to active sites. Furthermore, the hydrazine treated material has demonstrated a greatly improved capacitance of 250 F g –1 in acidic electrolytes with an excellent cycling ability for electrodes as thick as 75 μm.

Low level vapor verification of monomethyl hydrazine

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Mehta, Narinder

1990-01-01

The vapor scrubbing system and the coulometric test procedure for the low level vapor verification of monomethyl hydrazine (MMH) are evaluated. Experimental data on precision, efficiency of the scrubbing liquid, instrument response, detection and reliable quantitation limits, stability of the vapor scrubbed solution, and interference were obtained to assess the applicability of the method for the low ppb level detection of the analyte vapor in air. The results indicated that the analyte vapor scrubbing system and the coulometric test procedure can be utilized for the quantitative detection of low ppb level vapor of MMH in air.

Simultaneous quantitation of hydrazine and acetylhydrazine in human plasma by high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry after derivatization with p-tolualdehyde.

PubMed

Song, Lu; Gao, Dan; Li, Shangfu; Wang, Yanwei; Liu, Hongxia; Jiang, Yuyang

2017-09-15

A high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) method was developed for simultaneous quantitative analysis of hydrazine and acetylhydrazine in human plasma based on the strategy of p-tolualdehyde derivatization. The derivatization reactions were easily realized by ultrasonic manipulation for 40min. Good separation of the derivatization products was achieved using a C 18 column by gradient elution. The optimized mass transition ion-pairs (m/z) monitored for the two hydrazine derivatives were m/z 237.1≫>119.9 and m/z 176.9≫>117.8, respectively. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) for hydrazine were 0.002 and 0.005ngmL -1 separately. And they were 0.03 and 0.05ngmL -1 for acetylhydrazine, respectively. The linear range was 0.005-50ngmL -1 for hydrazine and 0.05-500ngmL -1 for acetylhydrazine with R 2 greater than 0.999. The recovery range was determined to be 95.38-108.12% with the relative standard deviation (RSD) in the range of 1.24-14.89%. The method was successfully applied to detect 30 clinical plasma samples of pulmonary tuberculosis patients treated with isoniazid. The concentrations were from 0.04-1.99ngmL -1 for hydrazine and 0.06-142.43ngmL -1 for acetylhydrazine. The results indicated that our developed method had the potential for the detection of hydrazine toxicology in complex biological samples. Furthermore, the method has an important significance to clinical treatment with drugs. Copyright © 2017. Published by Elsevier B.V.

Hydrazide and hydrazine reagents as reactive matrices for MALDI-MS to detect gaseous aldehydes.

PubMed

Shigeri, Yasushi; Ikeda, Shinya; Yasuda, Akikazu; Ando, Masanori; Sato, Hiroaki; Kinumi, Tomoya

2014-08-01

The reagents 19 hydrazide and 14 hydrazine were examined to function as reactive matrices for matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS) to detect gaseous aldehydes. Among them, two hydrazide (2-hydroxybenzohydrazide and 3-hydroxy-2-naphthoic acid hydrazide) and two hydrazine reagents [2-hydrazinoquinoline and 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH)] were found to react efficiently with carbonyl groups of gaseous aldehydes (formaldehyde, acetaldehyde and propionaldehyde); these are the main factors for sick building syndrome and operate as reactive matrices for MALDI-MS. Results from accurate mass measurements by JMS-S3000 Spiral-TOF suggested that protonated ion peaks corresponding to [M + H](+) from the resulting derivatives were observed in all cases with the gaseous aldehydes in an incubation, time-dependent manner. The two hydrazide and two hydrazine reagents all possessed absorbances at 337 nm (wavelength of MALDI nitrogen laser), with, significant electrical conductivity of the matrix crystal and functional groups, such as hydroxy group and amino group, being important for desorption/ionization efficiency in MALDI-MS. To our knowledge, this is the first report that gaseous molecules could be derivatized and detected directly in a single step by MALDI-MS using novel reactive matrices that were derivatizing agents with the ability to enhance desorption/ionization efficiency. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Dihydropyrimidine based hydrazine dihydrochloride derivatives as potent urease inhibitors.

PubMed

Khan, Ajmal; Hashim, Jamshed; Arshad, Nuzhat; Khan, Ijaz; Siddiqui, Naureen; Wadood, Abdul; Ali, Muzaffar; Arshad, Fiza; Khan, Khalid Mohammed; Choudhary, M Iqbal

2016-02-01

Four series of heterocyclic compounds 4-dihydropyrimidine-2-thiones 7-12 (series A), N,S-dimethyl-dihydropyrimidines 13-18 (series B), hydrazine derivatives of dihydropyrimidine 19-24 (series C), and tetrazolo dihydropyrimidine derivatives 25-30 (series D), were synthesized and evaluated for in vitro urease inhibitory activity. The series B-D were first time examined for urease inhibition. Series A and C were found to be significantly active with IC50 values between 34.7-42.9 and 15.0-26.0 μM, respectively. The structure-activity relationship showed that the free S atom and hydrazine moiety are the key pharmacophores against urease enzyme. The kinetic studies of the active series A (7-12) and C (19-24) were carried out to determine their modes of inhibition and dissociation constants Ki. Compounds of series A (7-12) and series C (19-24) showed a mixed-type of inhibition with Ki values ranging between 15.76-25.66 and 14.63-29.42 μM, respectively. The molecular docking results showed that all the active compounds of both series have significant binding interactions with the active sites specially Ni-ion of the urease enzyme. Cytotoxicity of all series A-D was also evaluated against mammalian mouse fibroblast 3T3 cell lines, and no toxicity was observed in cellular model. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Comparative studies on single-layer reduced graphene oxide films obtained by electrochemical reduction and hydrazine vapor reduction

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wang, Zhijuan; Wu, Shixin; Zhang, Juan; Chen, Peng; Yang, Guocheng; Zhou, Xiaozhu; Zhang, Qichun; Yan, Qingyu; Zhang, Hua

2012-02-01

The comparison between two kinds of single-layer reduced graphene oxide (rGO) sheets, obtained by reduction of graphene oxide (GO) with the electrochemical method and hydrazine vapor reduction, referred to as E-rGO and C-rGO, respectively, is systematically studied. Although there is no morphology difference between the E-rGO and C-rGO films adsorbed on solid substrates observed by AFM, the reduction process to obtain the E-rGO and C-rGO films is quite different. In the hydrazine vapor reduction, the nitrogen element is incorporated into the obtained C-rGO film, while no additional element is introduced to the E-rGO film during the electrochemical reduction. Moreover, Raman spectra show that the electrochemical method is more effective than the hydrazine vapor reduction method to reduce the GO films. In addition, E-rGO shows better electrocatalysis towards dopamine than does C-rGO. This study is helpful for researchers to understand these two different reduction methods and choose a suitable one to reduce GO based on their experimental requirements.

Green Propellant Demonstration with Hydrazine Catalyst of F-16 Emergency Power Unit

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Robinson, Joel W.; Brechbill, Shawn

2015-01-01

Some space vehicle and aircraft Auxiliary Power Units (APUs) use hydrazine propellant for generating power. Hydrazine is a toxic, hazardous fuel which requires special safety equipment and processes for handling and loading. In recent years, there has been development of two green propellants that could enable their use in APU's: the Swedish LMP-103S and the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) AF-M315E. While there has been work on development of these propellants for thruster applications (Prisma and Green Propulsion Infusion Mission, respectively), there has been less focus on the application to power units. Beginning in 2012, an effort was started by the Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC) on the APU application. The MSFC plan was to demonstrate green propellants with residual Space Shuttle hardware. The principal investigator was able to acquire a Solid Rocket Booster gas generator and an Orbiter APU. Since these test assets were limited in number, an Air Force equivalent asset was identified: the F-16 Emergency Power Unit (EPU). In June 2013, two EPU's were acquired from retired aircraft located at Davis Monthan Air Force Base. A gas generator from one of these EPU's was taken out of an assembly and configured for testing with a version of the USAF propellant with a higher water content (AF-M315EM) to reduce decomposition temperatures. Testing in November 2014 has shown that this green propellant is reactive with the Hydrazine catalyst (Shell 405) generating 300 psi of pressure with the existing F-16 EPU configuration. This paper will highlight the results of MSFC testing in collaboration with AFRL.

Material Compatability with Threshold Limit Value Levels of Monomethyl Hydrazine

DTIC Science & Technology

1988-10-26

supply was house- compressed air conditioned by passing through a series of demisters, a hot Hopcalite catalyst bed, a reciprocating dual-tower...recorded. At the end of a test, the tubing was rinsed with methanol and dried with compressed breathing air . Cleaning the tubing material between tests had...niecessary and identify by block wbr -’Materials were evaluated for potential use as ambient air sample lines for hydrazines. Fluorinated poly- mers

Liquid-Phase Heat-Release Rates of the Systems Hydrazine-Nitric Acid and Unsymmetrical Dimethylhydrazine-Nitric Acid

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Somogyi, Dezso; Feiler, Charles E.

1960-01-01

The initial rates of heat release produced by the reactions of hydrazine and unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine with nitric acid were determined in a bomb calorimeter under conditions of forced mixing. Fuel-oxidant weight ratio and injection velocity were varied. The rate of heat release apparently depended on the interfacial area between the propellants. Above a narrow range of injection velocities representing a critical amount of interfacial area, the rates reached a maximum and were almost constant with injection velocity. The maximum rate for hydrazine was about 70 percent greater than that for unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine. The total heat released did not vary with mixture ratio over the range studied.

The use of hydrazine as an alternate source of energy

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Carvalho, J. A., Jr.; Bressan, C.; Ferreira, J. L.

1984-01-01

The potentials of using hydrazine as an alternative source of energy was studied. Three chemical reactions are considered: oxidation with air, oxidation with hydrogen peroxide, and thermocatalytic decomposition. Performance data of gasoline, ethylic alcohol, and propane are compared. An item about the NO(x) emissions by the various investigated reactions is included. Promising results are shown, mainly those regarding the available energy per unit volume of unburned gases (vaporized fuel and oxidizer).

A Process for Producing Highly Wettable Aluminum 6061 Surfaces Compatible with Hydrazine

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Moore, N. R.; Ferraro, N. W.; Yue, A. F.; Estes, R. H.

2007-01-01

NASA's Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) mission is an ongoing Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) project whose basic objective is to improve global precipitation measurements. The space-based portion of the mission architecture consists of a primary or core spacecraft and a constellation of NASA and contributed spacecrafts. The efforts described in this paper refer to the core spacecraft (hereafter referred to as simply GPM) which is to be fabricated at GSFC. It has been decided that the GPM spacecraft is to be a "design-for-demise-spacecraft." This requirement resulted in the need for a propellant tank that would also demise or ablate to an appropriate degree upon re-entry. Composite overwrapped aluminum lined propellant tanks with aluminum propellant management devices (PMD) were shown by analyses to demise and thus became the baseline configuration for GPM. As part of the GPM tank development effort, long term compatibility and wettability testing with hydrazine was performed on Al6061 and 2219 coupons fabricated and cleaned by conventional processes. Long term compatibility was confirmed. However, the wettability of the aluminum as measured by contact angle produced higher than desired angles (greater than 30 deg.) with excessive scatter. The availability of PMD materials exhibiting consistently low contact angles aids in the design of simple PMDs. Two efforts performed by Angeles Crest Engineering and funded by GSFC were undertaken to reduce the risk of using aluminum for the GPM PMD. The goal of the first effort was to develop a cleaning or treatment process to produce consistently low contact angles. The goal of the second effort was to prove via testing that the processed aluminum would retain compatibility with hydrazine and retain low contact angle after long term exposure to hydrazine. Both goals were achieved. This paper describes both efforts and the results achieved.

Development of a Dosimeter System for Unsymmetrical Dimethylhydrazine, Monomethylhydrazine and Hydrazine

DTIC Science & Technology

1994-06-27

the amount of dilution air . Conditioned house- compressed air was used as the diluent. The conditioning procedure consisted of passing the house air ...unsymmetrical dlmethylhydrazine (UDMI-) in air has been developed. The dosimeter consists of a replaceable dosimeter card and a reusable...Department of Defense and NASA require air monitoring for hydrazines in areas where they are handled and/or stored. A real-time dosimeter using vanillin

Derivatization Ion Chromatography for the Determination of Monoethanolamine in Presence of Hydrazine in PHWR Steam-Water Circuits

PubMed Central

D., Ayushi; Sengupta, Arijit; Kumar, Sangita D.; Kumbhar, A. G.; Venkateswaran, G.

2011-01-01

A simple, rapid and accurate method for the determination of monoethanolamine (MEA) in PHWR steam-water circuits has been developed. MEA is added in the feed water to provide protection against corrosion while hydrazine is added to scavenge dissolved oxygen. The quantitative determination of MEA in presence of hydrazine was accomplished using derivatization ion chromatography with conductometric detection in nonsuppressed mode. A Metrosep cation 1-2 analytical column and a Metrosep cartridge were used for cation separation. A mixture of 4 mM tartaric acid, 20% acetone and 0.05 mM HNO3 was used as eluent. Acetone in the mobile phase leads to the formation of different derivatives with MEA and hydrazine. The interferences due Na+ and NH4  + were eliminated by adopting a simple pretreatment procedure employing OnGuard-H cartridge. The limit of detection limit of MEA was 0.1 μg mL−1 and the relative standard deviation was 2% for the overall method. The recovery of MEA added was in the range 95%–102%. The method was applied to the determination of MEA in steam generator water samples. PMID:21785596

Simple and sensitive determination of hydrazine in drinking water by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry after derivatization with naphthalene-2,3-dialdehyde.

PubMed

Oh, Jin-Aa; Shin, Ho-Sang

2015-05-22

An ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) method was developed to determine the level of hydrazine in drinking water. The method is based on the derivatization of hydrazine with naphthalene-2,3-dicarboxaldehyde (NDA) in water. The optimum conditions for UPLC-MS/MS detection were determined as follows: derivatization reagent dosage, 50mg/L of NDA; pH 2; and reaction time, 1min; room temperature. The formed derivative was injected into an LC system without extraction or purification procedures. Under the established conditions, the method was used to detect hydrazine in raw drinking water and chlorinated drinking water. The limits of detection and quantification for hydrazine in drinking water were 0.003μg/L and 0.01μg/L, respectively. The accuracy was in the range of 97-104%, and precision, expressed as relative standard deviation, was less than 9% in drinking water. Hydrazine was detected at a concentration of 0.13μg/L in one sample among 24 raw drinking water samples and in a range of 0.04-0.45μg/L in three samples among 24 chlorinated drinking water samples. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

The Second Conference on the Environmental Chemistry of Hydrazine Fuels; 15 February 1979.

DTIC Science & Technology

1982-04-01

tank by a moving piston in the tank. The hydrazine trave’s to a gas generator where it decomposes on an iridium /alumina catalyst. The gas is used to...possibility of nitrogen trichloride formation and presented control instrument problems since commercially available instru- ments required p11 of about 5

Noncatalytic hydrazine thruster development - 0.050 to 5.0 pounds thrust

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Murch, C. K.; Sackheim, R. L.; Kuenzly, J. D.; Callens, R. A.

1976-01-01

Noncatalytic (thermal-decompositon) hydrazine thrusters can operate in both the pulsing and steady-state modes to meet the propulsive requirements of long-life spacecraft. The thermal decomposition mode yields higher specific impulse than is characteristic of catalytic thrusters at similar thrust levels. This performance gain is the result of higher temperature operation and a lower fraction of ammonia dissociation. Some life limiting factors of catalytic thrusters are eliminated.

SOLVENT-FREE REDUCTION OF AROMATIC NITRO COMPOUNDS WITH ALUMINA-SUPPORTED HYDRAZINE UNDER MICROWAVE IRRADIATION

EPA Science Inventory

In a solvent-free microwave-expedited process, aromatic nitro compounds are readily reduced to the corresponding amino compounds in good yield with hydrazine hydrate supported on alumina in presence of FeCl3, 6H2), Fe(III) oxide hydroxide or Fe(III) oxides.

Hydrazine monopropellant reciprocating engine development

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Akkerman, J. W.

1979-01-01

A hydrazine fueled piston engine for providing 11.2 kW was developed to satisfy the need for an efficient power supply in the range from 3.7 to 74.6 kW where existing nonair-breathing power supplies such as fuel cells or turbines are inappropriate. The engine was developed for an aircraft to fly to 21.3 km and above and cruise for extended periods. A remotely piloted aircraft and the associated flight control techniques for this application were designed. The engine is geared down internally (2:1) to accommodate a 1.8 m diameter propeller. An alternator is included to provide electrical power. The pusher-type engine is mounted onto the aft closure of the fuel tank, which also provides mounting for all other propulsion equipment. About 20 hrs of run time demonstrated good efficiency and adequate life. One flight test to 6.1 km was made using the engine with a small fixed-pitch four-bladed propeller. The test was successful in demonstrating operational characteristics and future potential.

Palladium nanoparticles decorated on reduced graphene oxide rotating disk electrodes toward ultrasensitive hydrazine detection: effects of particle size and hydrodynamic diffusion.

PubMed

Krittayavathananon, Atiweena; Srimuk, Pattarachai; Luanwuthi, Santamon; Sawangphruk, Montree

2014-12-16

Although metal nanoparticle/graphene composites have been widely used as the electrode in electrochemical sensors, two effects, consisting of the particle size of the nanoparticles and the hydrodynamic diffusion of analytes to the electrodes, are not yet fully understood. In this work, palladium nanoparticles/reduced graphene oxide (PdNPs/rGO) composites were synthesized using an in situ polyol method. Palladium(II) ions and graphene oxide were reduced together with a reducing agent, ethylene glycol. By varying the concentration of palladium(II) nitrate, PdNPs with different sizes were decorated on the surface of rGO sheets. The as-fabricated PdNPs/rGO rotating disk electrodes (RDEs) were investigated toward hydrazine detection. Overall, a 3.7 ± 1.4 nm diameter PdNPs/rGO RDE exhibits high performance with a rather low limit of detection of about 7 nM at a rotation speed of 6000 rpm and provides a wide linear range of 0.1-1000 μM with R(2) = 0.995 at 2000 rpm. This electrode is highly selective to hydrazine without interference from uric acid, glucose, ammonia, caffeine, methylamine, ethylenediamine, hydroxylamine, n-butylamine, adenosine, cytosine, guanine, thymine, and l-arginine. The PdNPs/rGO RDEs with larger sizes show lower detection performance. Interestingly, the detection performance of the electrodes is sensitive to the hydrodynamic diffusion of hydrazine. The as-fabricated electrode can detect trace hydrazine in wastewater with high stability, demonstrating its practical use as an electrochemical sensor. These findings may lead to an awareness of the effect of the hydrodynamic diffusion of analyte that has been previously ignored, and the 3.7 ± 1.4 nm PdNPs/rGO RDE may be useful toward trace hydrazine detection, especially in wastewater from related chemical industries.

Confidence Testing of Shell 405 and S-405 Catalysts in a Monopropellant Hydrazine Thruster

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

McRight, Patrick; Popp, Chris; Pierce, Charles; Turpin, Alicia; Urbanchock, Walter; Wilson, Mike

2005-01-01

As part of the transfer of catalyst manufacturing technology from Shell Chemical Company (Shell 405 catalyst manufactured in Houston, Texas) to Aerojet (S-405 manufactured in Redmond, Washington), Aerojet demonstrated the equivalence of S-405 and Shell 405 at beginning of life. Some US aerospace users expressed a desire to conduct a preliminary confidence test to assess end-of-life characteristics for S-405. NASA Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC) and Aerojet entered a contractual agreement in 2004 to conduct a confidence test using a pair of 0.2-lbf MR-103G monopropellant hydrazine thrusters, comparing S-405 and Shell 405 side by side. This paper summarizes the formulation of this test program, explains the test matrix, describes the progress of the test, and analyzes the test results. This paper also includes a discussion of the limitations of this test and the ramifications of the test results for assessing the need for future qualification testing in particular hydrazine thruster applications.

Performance of a capillary propellant management device with hydrazine

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Tegart, J. R.

1979-01-01

The propellant management device that was successfully used in the Viking Orbiter spacecraft was selected for the main propulsion system of the Teleoperator Retrieval System (TRS). Due to differences in the missions and different propellants, the operation of this sheet metal vane device required reverification for the TRS application. An analytical investigation was performed considering the adverse acceleration environment and the high contract angle of the hydrazine propellant. Drop tower tests demonstrated that the device would provide propellant acquisition while the TRS was docked with Skylab, but its operation would have to be supplemented through propellant settling when free-flying.

Recent developments in Cope-type hydroamination reactions of hydroxylamine and hydrazine derivatives.

PubMed

Beauchemin, André M

2013-11-07

Cope-type hydroaminations are versatile for the direct amination of alkenes, alkynes and allenes using hydroxylamines and hydrazine derivatives. These reactions occur via a concerted, 5-membered cyclic transition state that is the microscopic reverse of the Cope elimination. This article focuses on recent developments, including intermolecular variants, directed reactions, and asymmetric variants using aldehydes as tethering catalysts, and their applications in target-oriented synthesis.

Hydrazine Blending and Storage Facility, Interim Response Action Implementation. Final Safety Plan

DTIC Science & Technology

1989-08-30

operators and visitors, will be required to wear a personal hydrazine dosimeter at all times. These will be available from commercial sources and/or the Naval...suspectea or carcinogenic pocen:tal for =an. -- t, :t ha a,,-cn OSL ?:L. Is I pPm or 1.3 mg/m 3 . zo pp=n4p"NIOSI. (1978) hs a oe -nded a ceiling level

Liquid fluorine/hydrazine rhenium thruster update

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Appel, M. A.; Kaplan, R. B.; Tuffias, R. H.

1983-01-01

The status of a fluorine/hydrazine thruster development program is discussed. A solid rhenium metal sea-level thrust chamber was successfully fabricated and tested for a total run duration of 1075 s with 17 starts. Rhenium fabrication methods are discussed. A test program was conducted to evaluate performance and chamber cooling. Acceptable performance was reached and cooling was adequate. A flight-type injector was fabricated that achieved an average extrapolated performance value of 3608 N-s/kg (368 lbf-s/lbm). Altitude thrust chambers were fabricated. One chamber incorporates a rhenium combustor and nozzle with an area ratio of 15:1, and a columbium nozzle extension with area ratios from 15:1 to 60:1. The other chamber was fabricated completely with a carbon/carbon composite. Because of the attributes of rhenium for use in high-temperature applications, a program to provide the materials and processes technology needed to reliably fabricate and/or repair vapor-deposited rhenium parts of relatively large size and complex shape is recommended.

Spacecraft nitrogen generation. [liquid hydrazine

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Marshall, R. D.; Carlson, J. N.; Powell, J. D.; Kacholia, K. K.

1974-01-01

Two spacecraft nitrogen (N2) generation systems based on the catalytic dissociation of hydrazine (N2H4) were evaluated. In the first system, liquid N2H4 is catalytically dissociated to yield an N2 and hydrogen (H2) gas mixture. Separation of the N2/H2 gas mixture to yield N2 and a supply of H2 is accomplished using a polymer-electrochemical N2/H2 separator. In the second system, the N2/H2 gas mixture is separated in a two-stage palladium/silver (Pd/Ag) N2/H2 separator. The program culminated in the successful design, fabrication, and testing of a N2H4 catalytic dissociator, a polymer-electrochemical N2/H2 separator, and a two-stage Pd/Ag N2/H2 separator. The hardware developed was sized for an N2 delivery rate of 6.81 kg/d (15lb/day). Experimental results demonstrated that both spacecraft N2 generation systems are capable of producing 6.81 kg/d (15lb/day) of 99.9% pure N2 at a pressure greater than or equal to 1035 kN/m(2) (150 psia).

Micro-kinetic simulations of the catalytic decomposition of hydrazine on the Cu(111) surface.

PubMed

Tafreshi, Saeedeh S; Roldan, Alberto; de Leeuw, Nora H

2017-04-28

Hydrazine (N 2 H 4 ) is produced at industrial scale from the partial oxidation of ammonia or urea. The hydrogen content (12.5 wt%) and price of hydrazine make it a good source of hydrogen fuel, which is also easily transportable in the hydrate form, thus enabling the production of H 2 in situ. N 2 H 4 is currently used as a monopropellant thruster to control and adjust the orbits and altitudes of spacecrafts and satellites; with similar procedures applicable in new carbon-free technologies for power generators, e.g. proton-exchange membrane fuel cells. The N 2 H 4 decomposition is usually catalysed by the expensive Ir/Al 2 O 3 material, but a more affordable catalyst is needed to scale-up the process whilst retaining reaction control. Using a complementary range of computational tools, including newly developed micro-kinetic simulations, we have derived and analysed the N 2 H 4 decomposition mechanism on the Cu(111) surface, where the energetic terms of all states have been corrected by entropic terms. The simulated temperature-programmed reactions have shown how the pre-adsorbed N 2 H 4 coverage and heating rate affect the evolution of products, including NH 3 , N 2 and H 2 . The batch reactor simulations have revealed that for the scenario of an ideal Cu terrace, a slow but constant production of H 2 occurs, 5.4% at a temperature of 350 K, while the discharged NH 3 can be recycled into N 2 H 4 . These results show that Cu(111) is not suitable for hydrogen production from hydrazine. However, real catalysts are multi-faceted and present defects, where previous work has shown a more favourable N 2 H 4 decomposition mechanism, and, perhaps, the decomposition of NH 3 improves the production of hydrogen. As such, further investigation is needed to develop a general picture.

Prototype development and test results of a continuous ambient air monitoring system for hydrazine at the 10 ppb level

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Meneghelli, Barry; Parrish, Clyde; Barile, Ron; Lueck, Dale E.

1995-01-01

A Hydrazine Vapor Area Monitor (HVAM) system is currently being field tested as a detector for the presence of hydrazine in ambient air. The MDA/Polymetron Hydrazine Analyzer has been incorporated within the HVAM system as the core detector. This analyzer is a three-electrode liquid analyzer typically used in boiler feed water applications. The HVAM system incorporates a dual-phase sample collection/transport method which simultaneously pulls ambient air samples containing hydrazine and a very dilute sulfuric acid solution (0.0001 M) down a length of 1/4 inch outside diameter (OD) tubing from a remote site to the analyzer. The hydrazine-laden dilute acid stream is separated from the air and the pH is adjusted by addition of a dilute caustic solution to a pH greater than 10.2 prior to analysis. Both the dilute acid and caustic used by the HVAM are continuously generated during system operation on an "as needed" basis by mixing a metered amount of concentrated acid/base with dilution water. All of the waste water generated by the analyzer is purified for reuse by Barnstead ion-exchange cartridges so that the entire system minimizes the generation of waste materials. The pumping of all liquid streams and mixing of the caustic solution and dilution water with the incoming sample are done by a single pump motor fitted with the appropriate mix of peristaltic pump heads. The signal to noise (S/N) ratio of the analyzer has been enhanced by adding a stirrer in the MDA liquid cell to provide mixing normally generated by the high liquid flow rate designed by the manufacturer. An onboard microprocessor continuously monitors liquid levels, sample vacuum, and liquid leak sensors, as well as handles communications and other system functions (such as shut down should system malfunctions or errors occur). The overall system response of the HVAM can be automatically checked at regular intervals by measuring the analyzer response to a metered amount of calibration standard injected

Hydrazine Catalyst Production: Sustaining S-405 Technology

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Wucherer, E. J.; Cook, Timothy; Stiefel, Mark; Humphries, Randy, Jr.; Parker, Janet

2003-01-01

The development of the iridium-based Shell 405 catalyst for spontaneous decomposition of hydrazine was one of the key enabling technologies for today's spacecraft and launch vehicles. To ensure that this crucial technology was not lost when Shell elected to exit the business, Aerojet, supported by NASA, has developed a dedicated catalyst production facility that will supply catalyst for future spacecraft and launch vehicle requirements. We have undertaken a program to transfer catalyst production from Shell Chemical USA (Houston, TX) to Aerojet's Redmond, WA location. This technology transition was aided by Aerojet's 30 years of catalyst manufacturing experience and NASA diligence and support in sustaining essential technologies. The facility has produced and tested S-405 catalyst to existing Shell 405 specifications and standards. Our presentation will describe the technology transition effort including development of the manufacturing facility, capture of the manufacturing process, test equipment validation, initial batch build and final testing.

Characterization of Anammox Hydrazine Dehydrogenase, a Key N2-producing Enzyme in the Global Nitrogen Cycle*

PubMed Central

Maalcke, Wouter J.; Reimann, Joachim; de Vries, Simon; Butt, Julea N.; Dietl, Andreas; Kip, Nardy; Mersdorf, Ulrike; Barends, Thomas R. M.; Jetten, Mike S. M.; Keltjens, Jan T.; Kartal, Boran

2016-01-01

Anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing (anammox) bacteria derive their energy for growth from the oxidation of ammonium with nitrite as the electron acceptor. N2, the end product of this metabolism, is produced from the oxidation of the intermediate, hydrazine (N2H4). Previously, we identified N2-producing hydrazine dehydrogenase (KsHDH) from the anammox organism Kuenenia stuttgartiensis as the gene product of kustc0694 and determined some of its catalytic properties. In the genome of K. stuttgartiensis, kustc0694 is one of 10 paralogs related to octaheme hydroxylamine (NH2OH) oxidoreductase (HAO). Here, we characterized KsHDH as a covalently cross-linked homotrimeric octaheme protein as found for HAO and HAO-related hydroxylamine-oxidizing enzyme kustc1061 from K. stuttgartiensis. Interestingly, the HDH trimers formed octamers in solution, each octamer harboring an amazing 192 c-type heme moieties. Whereas HAO and kustc1061 are capable of hydrazine oxidation as well, KsHDH was highly specific for this activity. To understand this specificity, we performed detailed amino acid sequence analyses and investigated the catalytic and spectroscopic (electronic absorbance, EPR) properties of KsHDH in comparison with the well defined HAO and kustc1061. We conclude that HDH specificity is most likely derived from structural changes around the catalytic heme 4 (P460) and of the electron-wiring circuit comprising seven His/His-ligated c-type hemes in each subunit. These nuances make HDH a globally prominent N2-producing enzyme, next to nitrous oxide (N2O) reductase from denitrifying microorganisms. PMID:27317665

14 CFR 420.66 - Separation distance requirements for storage of hydrogen peroxide, hydrazine, and liquid hydrogen...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 4 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Separation distance requirements for storage of hydrogen peroxide, hydrazine, and liquid hydrogen and any incompatible energetic liquids stored within an intraline distance. 420.66 Section 420.66 Aeronautics and Space COMMERCIAL SPACE TRANSPORTATION...

14 CFR 420.66 - Separation distance requirements for storage of hydrogen peroxide, hydrazine, and liquid hydrogen...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 4 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Separation distance requirements for storage of hydrogen peroxide, hydrazine, and liquid hydrogen and any incompatible energetic liquids stored within an intraline distance. 420.66 Section 420.66 Aeronautics and Space COMMERCIAL SPACE TRANSPORTATION...

Laboratory Development of a Passive Sampling Device for Hydrazines in Ambient Air

DTIC Science & Technology

1990-05-30

of dilution air . Conditioned house- compressed air is used as the diluent. The conditioning procedure consists of passing the house air through a...Device N4 for Hydrazines in Ambient Air P. A. TAFFE,* K. P. CROSSMAN,* S. L. ROSE-PEHRSSON, AND J. R. WYATT 0 Chemistry Dynamics and Diagnostic Branch...Ambient Air 6. AUTHOR(S) Taffe,* P. A., Crossman,* K. P., Wyatt, J. R., and Rose-Pehrsson, S. L. 7. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADORESS(ES) 8

Update on Chemical Analysis of Recovered Hydrazine Family Fuels for Recycling

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Davis, C. L.

1997-01-01

The National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Kennedy Space Center, has developed a program to re-use and/or recycle hypergolic propellants recovered from propellant systems. As part of this effort, new techniques were developed to analyze recovered propellants. At the 1996 PDCS, the paper 'Chemical Analysis of Recovered Hydrazine Family Fuels For Recycling' presented analytical techniques used in accordance with KSC specifications which define what recovered propellants are acceptable for recycling. This paper is a follow up to the 1996 paper. Lower detection limits and response linearity were examined for two gas chromatograph methods.

Optical emission generated by collisions of 5 eV O(3P) atoms with surface-absorbed hydrazine

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Orient, O. J.; Martus, K. E.; Chutjian, A.; Murad, E.

1992-01-01

Optical emission has been observed corresponding to vibrational bands in the NH (A 3Pi - X 3Sigma(-)) electronic transition during collisions of 5 eV, ground-state oxygen O(3P) atoms with MgF2 and Ni surfaces continuously exposed to a beam of hydrazine (N2H4). The NH emission intensity is observed to be about five times greater for MgF2 than for Ni. No dependence on temperature was observed for either surface in the range 240 - 340 K, implying that the NH-producing intermediate species is tightly bound. The half-lifetime for desorption of hydrazine from each surface was measured. This was found to be 120 min for the MgF2 surface at 240 K, and less than 20 min for Ni. After exposure, the surface composition was measured using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy on the exposed and unexposed areas of both targets.

Studies on the Mechanism of Action of Hydrazine-Induced Methylation of DNA Guanne

DTIC Science & Technology

1984-10-03

potent methylating agent , diazomethane (-CH -N+-N). Several in vivo studies were carried out to determine the role of aldehydes in the alkylation of DNA...methylating agent available to interact with DNA. If such a mechanism occurs, it may explain why disulfiram appears to inhibit the alkylation of DNA...a much slower/poorer alkylating agent for DNA. Effect of the 1-Carbon Pool on DNA Methylation in Hydrazine Toxicity: In Vitro In vitro studies were

Adsorption of phenol and hydrazine upon pristine and X-decorated (X = Sc, Ti, Cr and Mn) MoS2 monolayer

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wang, Meiyan; Wang, Wei; Ji, Min; Cheng, Xinlu

2018-05-01

Using density functional theory (DFT), we present a theoretical investigation of phenol (C6H5OH) and hydrazine (N2H4) on pristine and decorated MoS2 monolayer. In our work, we first focus on the interactions between several metal atoms and MoS2 monolayer and then choose the MoS2 nanosheet decorated by Sc, Ti, Cr and Mn to be the substrate. Furthermore, the properties of phenol and N2H4 on pure and X-doped (X = Sc, Ti, Cr and Mn) MoS2 base materials are discussed in terms of adsorption energy, adsorption distance, charge transfer, charge density difference, HOMO and LUMO molecular orbitals and density of states (DOS). The results predict that the adsorption of phenol and hydrazine upon X-decorated MoS2 monolayers are more favorable than the adsorption on isolated ones, which demonstrating that Sc, Ti, Cr and Mn doping help to improve the adsorption abilities. Calculations also show shorter adsorption distance and more charge transfer for Sc-, Ti-, Cr- and Mn-doped systems than the pristine one. The results confirm that X-doped MoS2 monolayer can be used as effective and potential adsorbents for toxic phenol and hydrazine.

A lightweight pumped hydrazine orbit maneuvering space vehicle

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Whitehead, J. C.

1992-01-01

An orbital maneuvering vehicle has a pair of opposed cylindrical piston tanks for hydrazine, and four transverse liquid rocket engines along a longitudinal plane. A new kind of pumped rocket propulsion provides maneuvering thrust on demand, and free-piston pumps which can rapidly start and stop are radially oriented between thrusters. A major advantage of this configuration is that the tanks can be close together, which maximizes the vehicle's longitudinal bending stiffness while minimizing the mass of the central bridging structure. The impulses from pump exhaust and piston reciprocation are directed through the system mass center, so they apply no disturbance torques. All high-temperature components are located on the outside of the central structure, where they are free to expand and radiate heat without detrimental effects. Virtually all lightweight components have been fabricated and tested, and photographs of hardware subassemblies are presented.

Long term exposure of metals to hydrazine nitrate blend

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Moran, Clifford M.; Blue, Gary D.

1986-01-01

A long term testing program is being conducted to determine the effects of materials in contact with a hydrazine nitrate blend for the purpose of designing chemical propulsion systems which can be used for current as well as future planetary spacecraft. Analysis of this data indicates that some aluminum alloys are acceptable for use with the particular blend of fuel used. Titanium alloy was identified as being acceptable for 10-year applications. Corrosion resistant steels, however, were found to have excessive corrosion rates and are therefore considered unacceptable for long-term use. There is also some evidence that the propellant decomposed at a rate far in excess of the acceptable rate of 0.1 percent per year when in contact with stainless steel.

Combined effects of hydrazine exposure and endurance testing on solenoid-actuated valve performance

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hagler, R., Jr.

1974-01-01

Results are presented from a test program which was conducted to assess the capability of various solenoid-actuated valve design concepts to provide performance characteristics commensurate with long-duration (ten-year) missions to explore the outer planets. The valves were installed in a hydrazine flow test setup and periodically cycled during a nine-month test period under test conditions comparable to anticipated mission operating conditions. In situ valve performance was periodically determined, and leakage was continuously monitored.

Synthesis of azines in solid state: reactivity of solid hydrazine with aldehydes and ketones.

PubMed

Lee, Byeongno; Lee, Kyu Hyung; Cho, Jaeheung; Nam, Wonwoo; Hur, Nam Hwi

2011-12-16

Highly conjugated azines were prepared by solid state grinding of solid hydrazine and carbonyl compounds such as aldehydes and ketones, using a mortar and a pestle. Complete conversion to the azine product is generally achieved at room temperature within 24 h, without using solvents or additives. The solid-state reactions afford azines as the sole products with greater than 97% yield, producing only water and carbon dioxide as waste.

Highly durable direct hydrazine hydrate anion exchange membrane fuel cell

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sakamoto, Tomokazu; Serov, Alexey; Masuda, Teruyuki; Kamakura, Masaki; Yoshimoto, Koji; Omata, Takuya; Kishi, Hirofumi; Yamaguchi, Susumu; Hori, Akihiro; Horiuchi, Yousuke; Terada, Tomoaki; Artyushkova, Kateryna; Atanassov, Plamen; Tanaka, Hirohisa

2018-01-01

The factors influenced on degradation of direct hydrazine hydrate fuel cells (DHFCs) under operation conditions are analyzed by in situ soft X-ray radiography. A durability of DHFCs is significantly improved by multi-step reaction DHFCs (MSR-DHFCs) approach designed to decrease the crossover of liquid fuel. An open circuit voltage (OCV) as well as cell voltage at 5 mA cm-2 of MSR-DHFC construct with commercial anion exchange membrane (AEM) maintained for over of 3500 h at 60 °C. Furthermore, the commercial proton exchange membrane (PEM) is integrated into AEM of MSR-DHFCs resulting in stable power output of MSR-DHFCs for over than 2800 h at 80 °C.

Hydrazine Blending and Storage Facility Wastewater Treatment and Decommissioning Assessment. Version 3.1

DTIC Science & Technology

1988-06-01

Valve Pit Number 2 Location One near hydrazine/aerozine tank area .nd one near wastewater tank area *There is a variety of underground piping at the...loading station (wipe of drum filling nozzles/connectors) 3,475 19.u I W-1U Tank HAS-?, drain value (Tank pit valve ) <S ɘ.2 W-110 Tank HAS-I, control... valve (on top) sample bottle broken W-111 Tank Truck Station, Truck loading filler nozzle and boom sample bottle broken I/ UUMH - 1,1

Hydrazines and carbohydrazides produced from oxidized carbon in earth's primitive environment

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Folsome, C. E.; Brittain, A.; Smith, A.; Chang, S.

1981-01-01

Whether abiological organic compounds can be formed from the interactions of energy sources with nitrogen, oxidized carbon and water is held to be of importance in geochemical models of the primordial earth atmosphere. It is reported that experiments using quenched spark discharges through molecular nitrogen on aqueous suspensions of CaCO3 and other reactants to simulate the hydrosphere/atmosphere interface yield hydrazine and carbohydrazine in significant but low yields. Such reactions in primitive aquatic environments may have supplied a pathway for chemical evolution and the origin of life, on a primitive earth in which fully oxidized states of carbon were available for the primary synthesis of organic matter.

Analysis and design of the Multimission Modular Spacecraft hydrazine propulsion module

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Etheridge, F. G.; Woodruff, W. L.

1978-01-01

The translational velocity increment, stabilization and control requirements, vehicle weight, and geometric considerations of the Multimission Modular Spacecraft (MMS) provided the basic data on which to initiate the analysis and design of the hydrazine propulsion modules. The Landsat D was used as the mission model. Tradeoff studies were conducted on thrust level, thruster location, and clustering arrangement together with tankage volume and location. The impact of the use of single and dual seat thruster valves on plumbing configuration, reliability, and overall system cost was studied in detail. Conceptual designs of a recommended propulsion module configuration for both the Delta 3910 and Shuttle were prepared.

Ionic Liquids to Replace Hydrazine

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Koelfgen, Syri; Sims, Joe; Forton, Melissa; Allan, Barry; Rogers, Robin; Shamshina, Julia

2011-01-01

A method for developing safe, easy-to-handle propellants has been developed based upon ionic liquids (ILs) or their eutectic mixtures. An IL is a binary combination of a typically organic cation and anion, which generally produces an ionic salt with a melting point below 100 deg C. Many ILs have melting points near, or even below, room temperature (room temperature ionic liquids, RTILs). More importantly, a number of ILs have a positive enthalpy of formation. This means the thermal energy released during decomposition reactions makes energetic ILs ideal for use as propellants. In this specific work, to date, a baseline set of energetic ILs has been identified, synthesized, and characterized. Many of the ILs in this set have excellent performance potential in their own right. In all, ten ILs were characterized for their enthalpy of formation, density, melting point, glass transition point (if applicable), and decomposition temperature. Enthalpy of formation was measured using a microcalorimeter designed specifically to test milligram amounts of energetic materials. Of the ten ILs characterized, five offer higher Isp performance than hydrazine, ranging between 10 and 113 seconds higher than the state-of-the-art propellant. To achieve this level of performance, the energetic cations 4- amino-l,2,4-triazolium and 3-amino-1,2,4-triazolium were paired with various anions in the nitrate, dicyanamide, chloride, and 3-nitro-l,2,4-triazole families. Protonation, alkylation, and butylation synthesis routes were used for creation of the different salts.

Using Hydrazine to Link Ferrocene with Re(CO)3: A Modular Approach.

PubMed

Chanawanno, Kullapa; Rhoda, Hannah M; Hasheminasab, Abed; Crandall, Laura A; King, Alexander J; Herrick, Richard S; Nemykin, Victor N; Ziegler, Christopher J

2016-09-01

Acetyl ferrocene and diacetyl ferrocene both readily react with an excess of hydrazine to afford the corresponding hydrazone compounds. These compounds can then be linked to Re(CO) 3 via a metal-mediated Schiff base reaction, resulting in a series of ferrocene-Re(CO) 3 conjugates with different stoichiometries. Conjugates with 1:1, 1:2, and 2:1 ferrocene: Re(CO) 3 ratios can be produced via this "modular" type synthesis approach. Several examples of these conjugates were structurally characterized, and their spectroscopic, electrochemical, and spectroelectrochemical behaviors were investigated. The electronic structures of these compounds were also probed using DFT and TDDFT calculations.

Preparation and characterization of AuNPs/CNTs-ErGO electrochemical sensors for highly sensitive detection of hydrazine.

PubMed

Zhao, Zhenting; Sun, Yongjiao; Li, Pengwei; Zhang, Wendong; Lian, Kun; Hu, Jie; Chen, Yong

2016-09-01

A highly sensitive electrochemical sensor of hydrazine has been fabricated by Au nanoparticles (AuNPs) coating of carbon nanotubes-electrochemical reduced graphene oxide composite film (CNTs-ErGO) on glassy carbon electrode (GCE). Cyclic voltammetry and potential amperometry have been used to investigate the electrochemical properties of the fabricated sensors for hydrazine detection. The performances of the sensors were optimized by varying the CNTs to ErGO ratio and the quantity of Au nanoparticles. The results show that under optimal conditions, a sensitivity of 9.73μAμM(-1)cm(-2), a short response time of 3s, and a low detection limit of 0.065μM could be achieved with a linear concentration response range from 0.3μM to 319μM. The enhanced electrochemical performances could be attributed to the synergistic effect between AuNPs and CNTs-ErGO film and the outstanding catalytic effect of the Au nanoparticles. Finally, the sensor was successfully used to analyse the tap water, showing high potential for practical applications. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

A novel electrochemical sensor based on Cu3P@NH2-MIL-125(Ti) nanocomposite for efficient electrocatalytic oxidation and sensitive detection of hydrazine

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wang, Minghua; Yang, Longyu; Hu, Bin; Liu, Yongkang; Song, Yingpan; He, Linghao; Zhang, Zhihong; Fang, Shaoming

2018-07-01

A novel electrocatalyst based on amine-functionalized Ti-based metal-organic framework (NH2-MIL-125(Ti)) embedded with Cu3P nanocrystals (denoted by Cu3P@NH2-MIL-125(Ti)) was synthesized and used for electrocatalytic oxidation and detection of hydrazine in aqueous solution. A series of Cu3P@NH2-MIL-125(Ti) nanocomposites were obtained by adding Cu3P nanoparticles into the preparation system of NH2-MIL-125(Ti), with the Cu3P nanocrystals derived from the phospatization of Cu(OH)2 at high temperature. Based on the detailed characterizations and analysis of the chemical and physical performances of the series of Cu3P@NH2-MIL-125(Ti) nanocomposites at dosages of Cu3P nanocrystals at 5, 20, 50, and 100 mg, the good synergic effect between the Cu3P (50 mg) and the NH2-MIL-125(Ti) endows the as-prepared Cu3P50@NH2-MIL-125(Ti) nanocomposite with the excellent electrocatalytic activity toward the electrocatalytic oxidation of hydrazine. The Cu3P50@NH2-MIL-125(Ti)-based electrochemical sensor exhibited a detection limit of 79 nM (S/N = 3) within a wider linear range from 5 μM to 7.5 mM. Moreover, the developed sensor exhibited high selectivity toward the detection of hydrazine with the addition of certain common interferents and good applicability in real samples. All of these results imply that the Cu3P50@NH2-MIL-125(Ti) nanocomposite could be promising for detecting hydrazine and offer potential applications in the field of electroanalytical chemistry.

Hydrazine Blending and Storage Facility, Wastewater Treatment and Decommissioning Assessment. Technical Plan, Version 3.2

DTIC Science & Technology

1988-04-01

o CHEMICAL TREATMENT - CHLORINE (VARIOUS FORMS) AND CHLORINE/ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT (UV) - OZONE AND OZONE/UV - PERMANGANATE - HYDROGEN PEROXIDE AND...and placed in drums, rail cars or trucks (Hazard 3 Abatement Plan, 1982). The existing hydrazine blending facility area is a limited access site which...Area 40’-0" x 26’-0" Volume 44,000 gallons Function Receive wastewater and stormwater runoff m Construction Material Concrete 7. Building 759 Size 40’-0

Thermal design of the IUE hydrazine auxiliary propulsion system. [International Ultraviolet Explorer

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Skladany, J. T.; Kelly, W. H.

1977-01-01

The International Ultraviolet Explorer is a large astronomical observatory scheduled to be placed in a three-axis stabilized synchronous orbit in the fourth quarter of 1977. The Hydrazine Auxiliary Propulsion System (HAPS) must perform a number of spacecraft maneuvers to achieve a successful mission. This paper describes the thermal design which accomplishes temperature control between 5 and 65 C for all orbital conditions by utilizing multilayer insulation and commandable component heaters. A primary design criteria was the minimization of spacecraft power by the selective use of the solar environment. The thermal design was carefully assessed and verified in both spacecraft thermal balance and subsystem solar simulation testing.

New hydrazine and hydrazide quinoxaline 1,4-di-N-oxide derivatives: In silico ADMET, antiplasmodial and antileishmanial activity.

PubMed

Quiliano, Miguel; Pabón, Adriana; Ramirez-Calderon, Gustavo; Barea, Carlos; Deharo, Eric; Galiano, Silvia; Aldana, Ignacio

2017-04-15

We report the design (in silico ADMET criteria), synthesis, cytotoxicity studies (HepG-2 cells), and biological evaluation of 15 hydrazine/hydrazide quinoxaline 1,4-di-N-oxide derivatives against the 3D7 chloroquine sensitive strain and FCR-3 multidrug resistant strain of Plasmodium falciparum and Leishmania infantum (axenic amastigotes). Fourteen of derivatives are novel quinoxaline 1,4-di-N-oxide derivatives. Compounds 18 (3D7 IC 50 =1.40μM, FCR-3 IC 50 =2.56μM) and 19 (3D7 IC 50 =0.24μM, FCR-3 IC 50 =2.8μM) were identified as the most active against P. falciparum, and they were the least cytotoxic (CC 50 -values>241μM) and most selective (SI>86). None of the compounds tested against L. infantum were considered to be active. Additionally, the functional role of the hydrazine and hydrazide structures were studied in the quinoxaline 1,4-di-N-oxide system. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

A novel approach for high precision rapid potentiometric titrations: application to hydrazine assay.

PubMed

Sahoo, P; Malathi, N; Ananthanarayanan, R; Praveen, K; Murali, N

2011-11-01

We propose a high precision rapid personal computer (PC) based potentiometric titration technique using a specially designed mini-cell to carry out redox titrations for assay of chemicals in quality control laboratories attached to industrial, R&D, and nuclear establishments. Using this technique a few microlitre of sample (50-100 μl) in a total volume of ~2 ml solution can be titrated and the waste generated after titration is extremely low comparing to that obtained from the conventional titration technique. The entire titration including online data acquisition followed by immediate offline analysis of data to get information about concentration of unknown sample is completed within a couple of minutes (about 2 min). This facility has been created using a new class of sensors, viz., pulsating sensors developed in-house. The basic concept in designing such instrument and the salient features of the titration device are presented in this paper. The performance of the titration facility was examined by conducting some of the high resolution redox titrations using dilute solutions--hydrazine against KIO(3) in HCl medium, Fe(II) against Ce(IV) and uranium using Davies-Gray method. The precision of titrations using this innovative approach lies between 0.048% and 1.0% relative standard deviation in different redox titrations. With the evolution of this rapid PC based titrator it was possible to develop a simple but high precision potentiometric titration technique for quick determination of hydrazine in nuclear fuel dissolver solution in the context of reprocessing of spent nuclear fuel in fast breeder reactors. © 2011 American Institute of Physics

A novel approach for high precision rapid potentiometric titrations: Application to hydrazine assay

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sahoo, P.; Malathi, N.; Ananthanarayanan, R.; Praveen, K.; Murali, N.

2011-11-01

We propose a high precision rapid personal computer (PC) based potentiometric titration technique using a specially designed mini-cell to carry out redox titrations for assay of chemicals in quality control laboratories attached to industrial, R&D, and nuclear establishments. Using this technique a few microlitre of sample (50-100 μl) in a total volume of ˜2 ml solution can be titrated and the waste generated after titration is extremely low comparing to that obtained from the conventional titration technique. The entire titration including online data acquisition followed by immediate offline analysis of data to get information about concentration of unknown sample is completed within a couple of minutes (about 2 min). This facility has been created using a new class of sensors, viz., pulsating sensors developed in-house. The basic concept in designing such instrument and the salient features of the titration device are presented in this paper. The performance of the titration facility was examined by conducting some of the high resolution redox titrations using dilute solutions--hydrazine against KIO3 in HCl medium, Fe(II) against Ce(IV) and uranium using Davies-Gray method. The precision of titrations using this innovative approach lies between 0.048% and 1.0% relative standard deviation in different redox titrations. With the evolution of this rapid PC based titrator it was possible to develop a simple but high precision potentiometric titration technique for quick determination of hydrazine in nuclear fuel dissolver solution in the context of reprocessing of spent nuclear fuel in fast breeder reactors.

Photoconversion of 4-nitrophenol in the presence of hydrazine with AgNPs-TiO2 nanoparticles prepared by the sol-gel method.

PubMed

Hernández-Gordillo, Agileo; Arroyo, Missael; Zanella, R; Rodríguez-González, V

2014-03-15

The photocatalytic properties of functionalized TiO2 with silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) for the conversion of 4-nitrophenol to 4-aminophenol in the presence of hydrazine were investigated. The TiO2 semiconductor synthesized by the sol-gel method was functionalized with AgNPs at different loadings, and their structural and optical properties were characterized by several techniques. The functionalized TiO2 with 1.5wt% AgNPs presented the highest photocatalytic activity for the conversion of 4-nitrophenol with appropriate hydrazine concentrations (0.5M). The photoefficiency enhancement under UV light irradiation was attributed to the electron transfer from the TiO2 semiconductor surface to the adsorbed acceptor reactant (4-nitrophenol) through the deposited AgNPs. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Ozone depletion caused by NO and H2O emissions from hydrazine-fueled rockets

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ross, M. N.; Danilin, M. Y.; Weisenstein, D. K.; Ko, M. K. W.

2004-11-01

Rockets using unsymmetrical dimethyl hydrazine (N(CH3)2NH2) and dinitrogen tetroxide (N2O4) propellants account for about one third of all stratospheric rocket engine emissions, comparable to the solid-fueled rocket emissions. We use plume and global atmosphere models to provide the first estimate of the local and global ozone depletion caused by NO and H2O emissions from the Proton rocket, the largest hydrazine-fueled launcher in use. NO and H2O emission indices are assumed to be 20 and 350 g/kg (propellant), respectively. Predicted maximum ozone loss in the plume of the Proton rocket is 21% at 44 km altitude. Plume ozone loss at 20 km equals 8% just after launch and steadily declines to 2% by model sunset. Predicted steady state global ozone loss from ten Proton launches annually is 1.2 × 10-4%, with nearly all of the loss due to the NO component of the emission. Normalized by stratospheric propellant consumption, the global ozone depletion efficiency of the Proton is approximately 66-90 times less than that of solid-fueled rockets. In situ Proton plume measurements are required to validate assumed emission indices and to assess the role of rocket emissions not considered in these calculations. Such future studies would help to establish a formalism to evaluate the relative ozone depletion caused by different rocket engines using different propellants.

Design, testing, fabrication and launch support of a liquid chemical barium release payload (utilizing the liquid fluorine-barium salt/hydrazine system)

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Stokes, C. S.; Smith, E. W.; Murphy, W. J.

1972-01-01

A payload was designed which included a cryogenic oxidizer tank, a fuel tank, and burner section. Release of 30 lb of chemicals was planned to occur in 2 seconds at the optimum oxidizer to fuel ratio. The chemicals consisted of 17 lb of liquid fluorine oxidizer and 13 lb of hydrazine-barium salt fuel mixture. The fuel mixture was 17% barium chloride, 16% barium nitrate, and 67% hydrazine, and contained 2.6 lb of available barium. Two significant problem areas were resolved during the program: explosive valve development and burner operation. The release payload was flight tested, from Wallops Island, Virginia. The release took place at an altitude of approximately 260 km. The release produced a luminous cloud which expanded very rapidly, disappearing to the human eye in about 20 seconds. Barium ion concentration slowly increased over a wide area of sky until measurements were discontinued at sunrise (about 30 minutes).

Effect of group electronegativity on electron transfer in bis(hydrazine) radical cations.

PubMed

Qin, Haimei; Zhong, Xinxin; Si, Yubing; Zhang, Weiwei; Zhao, Yi

2011-04-14

The radical cation of 4,10-ditert-butyl-5,9-diisopropyl-4,5,9,10-tetraazatetracyclo[6.2.2.2]-tetradecane (sBI4T(+)), as well as its substituted bis(hydrazine) radical cations, is chosen for the investigation of the electronegativity dependence of its intramolecular electron transfer. To do so, two parameters, reorganization energy and electronic coupling, are calculated with several ab initio approaches. It is found that the electronic couplings decrease with the increase of the group electronegativity while the reorganization energies do not show an explicit dependency. Furthermore, Marcus formula is employed to reveal those effect on the electron transfer rates. The predicted rates of electron transfer generally decrease with increasing group electronegativity, although not monotonically.

Synthesis, Characterization, and Biological Evaluation of certain 6-methyl-2(3H)-benzo-1, 3-thiazolyl-1'-ethylidene-2-(o, p- Substituted Acetophenones) Hydrazine Analogs.

PubMed

Alang, G; Kaur, G; Kaur, R; Singh, A; Tiwari, R

2010-10-01

In the present study, five new derivatives (GG4 to GG8) of benzothiazoles were synthesized and evaluated against Staphylococcus aureus (MTCC 737), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MTCC 424), Escherichia coli (MTCC 1687), and yeast-like fungi Candida tropicalis. p-Toluidine on treatment with ammonium thiocynate formed 2-benzothiazolamines (II), which on reaction with hydrazine hydrate formed a hydrazino derivative (III). Compounds GG4 to GG8 were synthesized by reacting the hydrazine derivative with different acetophenones. All the synthesized compounds were identified by IR and (1)H-NMR, and antimicrobial activity was performed on the synthesized compounds. Presence of NO(2), Br, OCH(3), and Cl groups to the substituted benzothiazole enhanced the antibacterial and antifungal activities.

Gold-catalyzed three-component annulation: efficient synthesis of highly functionalized dihydropyrazoles from alkynes, hydrazines, and aldehydes or ketones.

PubMed

Suzuki, Yamato; Naoe, Saori; Oishi, Shinya; Fujii, Nobutaka; Ohno, Hiroaki

2012-01-06

Polysubstituted dihydropyrazoles were directly obtained by a gold-catalyzed three-component annulation. This reaction consists of a Mannich-type coupling of alkynes with N,N'-disubstituted hydrazines and aldehydes/ketones followed by intramolecular hydroamination. Cascade cyclization using 1,2-dialkynylbenzene derivatives as the alkyne component was also performed producing fused tricyclic dihydropyrazoles in good yields. © 2011 American Chemical Society

Polypyrrole-derived nitrogen and oxygen co-doped mesoporous carbons as efficient metal-free electrocatalyst for hydrazine oxidation.

PubMed

Meng, Yuying; Zou, Xiaoxin; Huang, Xiaoxi; Goswami, Anandarup; Liu, Zhongwu; Asefa, Tewodros

2014-10-08

We demonstrate that polypyrrole-derived nitrogen and oxygen co-doped mesoporous carbons can serve as efficient, metal-free electrocatalysts for hydrazine oxidation reaction, with low overpotential and high current density. The materials' structures and the nature and type of their included dopants, which can be controlled by varying the synthetic conditions, can affect the electrocatalytic properties of the materials. © 2014 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

Synthesis, Characterization, and Biological Evaluation of certain 6-methyl-2(3H)-benzo-1, 3-thiazolyl-1’-ethylidene-2-(o, p- Substituted Acetophenones) Hydrazine Analogs

PubMed Central

Alang, G; Kaur, G; Kaur, R; Singh, A; Tiwari, R

2010-01-01

In the present study, five new derivatives (GG4 to GG8) of benzothiazoles were synthesized and evaluated against Staphylococcus aureus (MTCC 737), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MTCC 424), Escherichia coli (MTCC 1687), and yeast-like fungi Candida tropicalis. p-Toluidine on treatment with ammonium thiocynate formed 2-benzothiazolamines (II), which on reaction with hydrazine hydrate formed a hydrazino derivative (III). Compounds GG4 to GG8 were synthesized by reacting the hydrazine derivative with different acetophenones. All the synthesized compounds were identified by IR and 1H-NMR, and antimicrobial activity was performed on the synthesized compounds. Presence of NO2, Br, OCH3, and Cl groups to the substituted benzothiazole enhanced the antibacterial and antifungal activities. PMID:21264101

1,2-Bis(methylsulfonyl)-1-(2-chloroethyl)-2-[[1-(4-nitrophenyl)ethoxy]carbonyl]hydrazine: An anticancer agent targeting hypoxic cells

PubMed Central

Seow, Helen A.; Penketh, Philip G.; Shyam, Krishnamurthy; Rockwell, Sara; Sartorelli, Alan C.

2005-01-01

To target malignant cells residing in hypoxic regions of solid tumors, we have designed and synthesized prodrugs generating the cytotoxic alkylating species 1,2-bis(methylsulfonyl)-1-(2-chloroethyl)hydrazine (90CE) after bioreductive activation. We postulate that one of these agents, 1,2-bis(methylsulfonyl)-1-(2-chloroethyl)-2-[[1-(4-nitrophenyl)ethoxy]carbonyl]hydrazine (KS119), requires enzymatic nitro reduction to produce 90CE, whereas another agent, 1,2-bis(methylsulfonyl)-1-(2-chloroethyl)-2-[(4-nitrobenzyloxy)carbonyl]hydrazine (PNBC), can also be activated by nucleophilic attack by thiols such as glutathione (GSH)/GST. We demonstrated that these agents selectively kill hypoxic EMT6 mouse mammary carcinoma and CHO cells. In hypoxia, 50 μM KS119 produced 5 logs of kill of EMT6 cells without discernable cytotoxicity in air; similar effects were observed with CHO cells. PNBC was less efficacious against hypoxic tumor cells and also had some toxicity to aerobic cells, presumably because of GST/thiol activation, making PNBC less interesting as a selective hypoxic-cell cytotoxin. BALB/c mice with established EMT6 solid tumors were used to demonstrate that KS119 could reach and kill hypoxic cells in solid tumors. To gain information on bioreductive enzymes involved in the activation of KS119, cytotoxicity was measured in CHO cell lines overexpressing NADH:cytochrome b5 reductase (NBR), NADPH:cytochrome P450 reductase (NPR), or NAD(P)H: quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1). Increased cytotoxicity occurred in cells overexpressing NBR and NPR, whereas overexpressed NQO1 had no effect. These findings were supported by enzymatic studies using purified NPR and xanthine oxidase to activate KS119. KS119 has significant potential as a hypoxia-selective tumor-cell cytotoxin and is unlikely to cause major toxicity to well oxygenated normal tissues. PMID:15964988

A two-dimensional ZnII coordination polymer constructed from benzene-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid and N,N'-bis[(pyridin-4-yl)methylidene]hydrazine.

PubMed

Wang, Xiangfei; Yang, Fang; Tang, Meng; Yuan, Limin; Liu, Wenlong

2015-07-01

The hydrothermal synthesis of the novel complex poly[aqua(μ4-benzene-1,2,3-tricarboxylato)[μ2-4,4'-(hydrazine-1,2-diylidenedimethanylylidene)dipyridine](μ3-hydroxido)dizinc(II)], [Zn(C9H3O6)(OH)(C12H10N4)(H2O)]n, is described. The benzene-1,2,3-tricarboxylate ligand connects neighbouring Zn4(OH)2 secondary building units (SBUs) producing an infinite one-dimensional chain. Adjacent one-dimensional chains are connected by the N,N'-bis[(pyridin-4-yl)methylidene]hydrazine ligand, forming a two-dimensional layered structure. Adjacent layers are stacked to generate a three-dimensional supramolecular architecture via O-H...O hydrogen-bond interactions. The thermal stability of this complex is described and the complex also appears to have potential for application as a luminescent material.

Loss mechanisms in hydrazine-processed Cu2ZnSn(Se,S)4 solar cells

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gunawan, Oki; Todorov, Teodor K.; Mitzi, David B.

2010-12-01

We present a device characterization study for hydrazine-processed kesterite Cu2ZnSn(Se,S)4 (CZTSSe) solar cells with a focus on pinpointing the main loss mechanisms limiting device efficiency. Temperature-dependent study and time-resolved photoluminescence spectroscopy on these cells, in comparison to analogous studies on a reference Cu(In,Ga)(Se,S)2 (CIGS) cell, reveal strong recombination loss at the CZTSSe/CdS interface, very low minority-carrier lifetimes, and high series resistance that diverges at low temperature. These findings help identify the key areas for improvement of these CZTSSe cells in the quest for a high-performance indium- and tellurium-free solar cell.

Hydrogenation of liquid natural rubber via diimide reduction in hydrazine hydrate/hydrogen peroxide system

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yusof, Muhammad Jefri Mohd; Jamaluddin, Naharullah; Abdullah, Ibrahim; Yusoff, Siti Fairus M.

2015-09-01

Liquid natural rubber (LNR) with molecular weight of lower than 105 and shorter polymeric chain than natural rubber was prepared. LNR was then hydrogenated via diimide reduction by oxidation of hydrazine hydrate with hydrogen peroxide. The unsaturated units of the rubber were converted into saturated hydrocarbon to strengthen the backbone of the polymer so it was able to resist thermal degradation. The results indicated that hydrogenation degree of the product (HLNR) could be extended to 91.2% conversion under appropriate conditions. The hydrogenated LNR (HLNR) was characterized using Fourier-Transform Infrared (FTIR) and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The physical characteristics of HLNR were analyzed with Termogravimetric Analysis (TGA).

Asymmetric synthesis of N-allylic indoles via regio- and enantioselective allylation of aryl hydrazines

PubMed Central

Xu, Kun; Gilles, Thomas; Breit, Bernhard

2015-01-01

The asymmetric synthesis of N-allylic indoles is important for natural product synthesis and pharmaceutical research. The regio- and enantioselective N-allylation of indoles is a true challenge due to the favourable C3-allylation. We develop here a new strategy to the asymmetric synthesis of N-allylic indoles via rhodium-catalysed N-selective coupling of aryl hydrazines with allenes followed by Fischer indolization. The exclusive N-selectivities and good to excellent enantioselectivities are achieved applying a rhodium(I)/DTBM-Segphos or rhodium(I)/DTBM-Binap catalyst. This method permits the practical synthesis of valuable chiral N-allylated indoles, and avoids the N- or C-selectivity issue. PMID:26137886

Hydrogenation of liquid natural rubber via diimide reduction in hydrazine hydrate/hydrogen peroxide system

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Yusof, Muhammad Jefri Mohd; Jamaluddin, Naharullah; Abdullah, Ibrahim

Liquid natural rubber (LNR) with molecular weight of lower than 10{sup 5} and shorter polymeric chain than natural rubber was prepared. LNR was then hydrogenated via diimide reduction by oxidation of hydrazine hydrate with hydrogen peroxide. The unsaturated units of the rubber were converted into saturated hydrocarbon to strengthen the backbone of the polymer so it was able to resist thermal degradation. The results indicated that hydrogenation degree of the product (HLNR) could be extended to 91.2% conversion under appropriate conditions. The hydrogenated LNR (HLNR) was characterized using Fourier-Transform Infrared (FTIR) and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The physical characteristicsmore » of HLNR were analyzed with Termogravimetric Analysis (TGA)« less

A first-principles study on adsorption behaviors of pristine and Li-decorated graphene sheets toward hydrazine molecules

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zeng, Huadong; Cheng, Xinlu; Wang, Wei

2018-03-01

The adsorption behaviors and properties of hydrazine (N2H4) molecules on pristine and Li-decorated graphene sheets were investigated by means of first-principles based on density functional theory. We systematically analyzed the optimal geometry, average binding energy, charge transfer, charge density difference and density of states of N2H4 molecules adsorbed on pristine and Li-decorated graphene sheets. It is found that the interaction between single N2H4 molecule and pristine graphene is weak physisorption with the low binding energy of -0.026 eV, suggesting that the pristine graphene sheet is insensitive to the presence of N2H4 molecule. However, it is markedly enhanced after lithium decoration with the high binding energy of -1.004 eV, verifying that the Li-decorated graphene sheet is significantly sensitive to detect N2H4 molecule. Meanwhile, the effects of the concentrations of N2H4 molecules on two different substrates were studied detailedly. For pristine graphene substrate, the average binding energy augments apparently with increasing the number of N2H4 molecules, which is mainly attributed to the van der Waals interactions and hydrogen bonds among N2H4 clusters. Li-decorated graphene sheet has still a strong affinity to N2H4 molecules despite the corresponding average binding energy emerges a contrary tendency. Overall, Li-decorated graphene sheet could be considered as a potential gas sensor in field of hydrazine molecules.

Catalysts for the decomposition of hydrazine and its derivatives and a method for its production

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Sasse, R.

1986-01-01

Catalysts of various types are used to decompose hydrazine and its derivatives. One type of catalyst is made as follows: the aluminum is dissolved out of an alloy of cobalt or nickel/aluminum so that a structure is produced that is chemically active for the monergol and that has a large active surface. The objective was to avoid difficulties and to create a catalyst that not only has a short start time but that can also be manufactured easily and relatively inexpensively. The solution to this task is to coat the base structure of the catalyst with oxides of copper, cobalt and cerium or oxides of copper, cobalt and cerite earth.

Thruster-Specific Force Estimation and Trending of Cassini Hydrazine Thrusters at Saturn

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Stupik, Joan; Burk, Thomas A.

2016-01-01

The Cassini spacecraft has been in orbit around Saturn since 2004 and has since been approved for both a first and second extended mission. As hardware reaches and exceeds its documented life expectancy, it becomes vital to closely monitor hardware performance. The performance of the 1-N hydrazine attitude control thrusters is especially important to study, because the spacecraft is currently operating on the back-up thruster branch. Early identification of hardware degradation allows more time to develop mitigation strategies. There is no direct measure of an individual thruster's thrust magnitude, but these values can be estimated by post-processing spacecraft telemetry. This paper develops an algorithm to calculate the individual thrust magnitudes using Euler's equation. The algorithm correctly shows the known degradation in the first thruster branch, validating the approach. Results for the current thruster branch show nominal performance as of August, 2015.

Multifunctional Co₀.₈₅Se/graphene hybrid nanosheets: controlled synthesis and enhanced performances for the oxygen reduction reaction and decomposition of hydrazine hydrate.

PubMed

Zhang, Lin-fei; Zhang, Chun-yang

2014-01-01

Ultrathin nanosheets possess novel electronic structures and physical properties as compared with their corresponding bulk samples. However, the controlled synthesis of ultrathin monolayer nanosheets still remains a great challenge due to the lack of an intrinsic driving force for anisotropic growth of two-dimensional (2D) structures. Here we demonstrate, for the first time to our knowledge, the in situ synthesis of large-scale ultrathin single-crystalline Co₀.₈₅Se nanosheets on graphene oxide (GO) sheets, with a thickness of 3 nm. Owing to the synergetic chemical coupling effects between GO and Co₀.₈₅Se, the Co₀.₈₅Se/graphene hybrid nanosheets exhibit the highest catalytic performance among the available cobalt chalcogenide-based catalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). Moreover, Co₀.₈₅Se/graphene hybrid nanosheets can catalyze the decomposition of hydrazine hydrate rapidly, with 97% of hydrazine hydrate being degraded in 12 min and the degradation rate remaining constant over 10 consecutive cycles, thus having great potential as long-term catalysts in wastewater treatment.

Proposed Amendment to the Final Decision Document for the Hydrazine Blending and Storage Facility, Interim Response Action

DTIC Science & Technology

1991-02-25

OerAtlonl n eor$. 12.15 eflerne tHI IRE III N~ l~l 1111 111111 [10 liii 0I tr. oOffýe of Ni’a eerTe~ n.’ gmo e !oe. ojporcrm. q.,ucto, 9,r7ect f0704-0...Sewage Treatment Plant (STP) of hydrazine wastewater treated to 5 pg/l of NDMA. AEHA’s findings were published in a study released to PMRMA on October 22...the disposal alternative, the EPA would not issue a National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permit to allow disposal of the treated

Determination of 2-alkylcyclobutanones by combining precolumn derivatization with 1-naphthalenyl hydrazine and ultra-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection.

PubMed

Meng, Xiangpeng; Tong, Tong; Wang, Lianrong; Liu, Hanxia; Chan, Wan

2016-05-01

2-Alkylcyclobutanones (2-ACBs) are uniquely formed when triglycerides-containing food products are exposed to ionizing radiation. Thus, 2-ACBs have been used as marker molecules to identify irradiated food. Most methods to determine 2-ACBs involve mass spectrometric detection after chromatographic separation. The spectrofluorometer is rarely used to determine 2-ACBs because these molecules do not fluoresce. In this study, we developed an ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) method to determine 2-ACBs. 2-ACBs were converted into fluorophores after reacting with 1-naphthalenyl hydrazine to facilitate their sensitive and selective detection using a fluorescence detector (FLD). Analysis of 2-ACBs using our developed UPLC-FLD method allows sensitive determination of 2-ACBs at a detection limit of 2 ng 2-ACBs per g of fat (30 pg/injection), which is significantly lower than that of existing analytical methods. After validation for trueness and precision, the method was applied to γ-irradiated chicken samples to determine their 2-ACB content. Comparative studies employing liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometric method revealed no systematic difference between the two methods, thereby demonstrating that the proposed UPLC-FLD method can be suitably used to determine 2-ACBs in irradiated foodstuffs. Graphical Abstract Determination of radiation-induced food-borne 2-dodecylcyclobutanone and 2-tetradecylcyclobutanone by combining 1-naphthalenyl hydrazine derivatization and ultra-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection.

Incorporation of alpha-Ketoglutaric Acid as a Fixed Bed Scrubber Media for the Neutralization of Hydrazine Family Hypergolic Fuels

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

DeVor, R. W.; Santiago-Maldonado, E.; Parkerson, J. K.

2010-01-01

A candidate scrubber media, alpha-ketoglutaric acid (aKGA) adsorbed onto a silica-based substrate was examined as a potential alternative to the hydrazine-family hypergolic fuel neutralization techniques currently utilized at NASA/Kennedy Space Center (KSC). Helvenson et. al. has indicated that aKGA will react with hydrazines to produce non-hazardous, possibly biodegradable products. Furthermore, the authors have previously tested and demonstrated the use of aKGA aqueous solutions as a replacement neutralizing agent for citric acid, which is currently used as a scrubbing agent in liquid scrubbers at KSC. Specific properties examined include reaction efficiency, the loading capacity of aKGA onto various silica substrates, and the comparison of aKGA media performance to that of the citric acid vapor scrubber systems at KSC and a commercial vapor scrubber media. Preliminary investigations showed hydrophobic aerogel particles to be an ideal substrate for the deposition of the aKGA. Current studies have shown that the laboratory produced aKGA-Aerogel absorbent media are more efficient and cost effective than a commercially available fixed bed scrubber media, although much less cost effective than liquid-based citric acid scrubbers (although possibly safer and less labor intensive). A comparison of all three alternative scrubber technologies (liquid aKGA, solid-phase aKGA, and commercially available sorbent materials) is given considering both hypergolic neutralization capabilities and relative costs (as compared to the current citric acid scrubbing technology in use at NASA/KSC).

Monolayer of Hydrazine Facilitates the Direct Covalent Attachment of C60 Fullerene to a Silicon Surface.

PubMed

Gao, Fei; Teplyakov, Andrew V

2017-09-05

The development of oxygen-free organic-inorganic interfaces has led to new schemes for the functionalization of silicon surfaces with nitrogen-based chemical groups. However, building layers of large structures directly on this functionalized surface has remained elusive. This work confirms the path to form a stable interface between silicon and buckminsterfullerene C 60 based on covalent chemical bonds. The starting point for this modification is the hydrazine-reacted Si(111) surface with the diamine functionality, which is further reacted directly with the C 60 molecules. The chemistry of this process is confirmed spectroscopically and microscopically and can be used to form organic-inorganic interfaces separated by a single layer of nitrogen.

An Overview of Demise Calculations, Conceptual Design Studies, and Hydrazine Compatibility Testing for the GPM Core Spacecraft Propellant Tank

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Estes, Robert H.; Moore, N. R.

2007-01-01

NASA's Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) mission is an ongoing Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) project whose basic objective is to improve global precipitation measurements. It has been decided that the GPM spacecraft is to be a "design for demise" spacecraft. This requirement resulted in the need for a propellant tank that would also demise or ablate to an appropriate degree upon re-entry. This paper will describe GSFC-performed spacecraft and tankage demise analyses, vendor conceptual design studies, and vendor performed hydrazine compatibility and wettability tests performed on 6061 and 2219 aluminum alloys.

U.S. Space Station Freedom waste fluid disposal system with consideration of hydrazine waste gas injection thrusters

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Winters, Brian A.

1990-01-01

The results are reported of a study of various methods for propulsively disposing of waste gases. The options considered include hydrazine waste gas injection, resistojets, and eutectic salt phase change heat beds. An overview is given of the waste gas disposal system and how hydrozine waste gas injector thruster is implemented within it. Thruster performance for various gases are given and comparisons with currently available thruster models are made. The impact of disposal on station propellant requirements and electrical power usage are addressed. Contamination effects, reliability and maintainability assessments, safety issues, and operational scenarios of the waste gas thruster and disposal system are considered.

Hydrazine-Free Solution-Deposited CuIn(S,Se)2 Solar Cells by Spray Deposition of Metal Chalcogenides.

PubMed

Arnou, Panagiota; van Hest, Maikel F A M; Cooper, Carl S; Malkov, Andrei V; Walls, John M; Bowers, Jake W

2016-05-18

Solution processing of semiconductors, such as CuInSe2 and its alloys (CIGS), can significantly reduce the manufacturing costs of thin film solar cells. Despite the recent success of solution deposition approaches for CIGS, toxic reagents such as hydrazine are usually involved, which introduce health and safety concerns. Here, we present a simple and safer methodology for the preparation of high-quality CuIn(S, Se)2 absorbers from metal sulfide solutions in a diamine/dithiol mixture. The solutions are sprayed in air, using a chromatography atomizer, followed by a postdeposition selenization step. Two different selenization methods are explored resulting in power conversion efficiencies of up to 8%.

Hydrazine solution processed Sb2S3, Sb2Se3 and Sb2(S1−xSex)3 film: molecular precursor identification, film fabrication and band gap tuning

PubMed Central

Yang, Bo; Xue, Ding-Jiang; Leng, Meiying; Zhong, Jie; Wang, Liang; Song, Huaibing; Zhou, Ying; Tang, Jiang

2015-01-01

Sb2(S1−xSex)3 (0 ≤ x ≤ 1) compounds have been proposed as promising light-absorbing materials for photovoltaic device applications. However, no systematic study on the synthesis and characterization of polycrystalline Sb2(S1−xSex)3 thin films has been reported. Here, using a hydrazine based solution process, single-phase Sb2(S1−xSex)3 films were successfully obtained. Through Raman spectroscopy, we have investigated the dissolution mechanism of Sb in hydrazine: 1) the reaction between Sb and S/Se yields [Sb4S7]2-/[Sb4Se7]2- ions within their respective solutions; 2) in the Sb-S-Se precursor solutions, Sb, S, and Se were mixed on a molecular level, facilitating the formation of highly uniform polycrystalline Sb2(S1−xSex)3 thin films at a relatively low temperature. UV-vis-NIR transmission spectroscopy revealed that the band gap of Sb2(S1−xSex)3 alloy films had a quadratical relationship with the Se concentration x and it followed the equation , where the bowing parameter was 0.118 eV. Our study provides a valuable guidance for the adjustment and optimization of the band gap in hydrazine solution processed Sb2(S1−xSex)3 alloy films for the future fabrication of improved photovoltaic devices. PMID:26042519

CYP3A-Mediated Generation of Aldehyde and Hydrazine in Atazanavir MetabolismS⃞

PubMed Central

Li, Feng; Lu, Jie; Wang, Laiyou

2011-01-01

Atazanavir (ATV) is an antiretroviral drug of the protease inhibitor class. Multiple adverse effects of ATV have been reported in clinical practice, such as jaundice, nausea, abdominal pain, and headache. The exact mechanisms of ATV-related adverse effects are unknown. It is generally accepted that a predominant pathway of drug-induced toxicity is through the generation of reactive metabolites. Our current study was designed to explore reactive metabolites of ATV. We used a metabolomic approach to profile ATV metabolism in mice and human liver microsomes. We identified 5 known and 13 novel ATV metabolites. Three potential reactive metabolites were detected and characterized for the first time: one aromatic aldehyde, one α-hydroxyaldehyde, and one hydrazine. These potential reactive metabolites were primarily generated by CYP3A. Our results provide a clue for studies on ATV-related adverse effects from the aspect of metabolic activation. Further studies are suggested to illustrate the impact of these potential reactive metabolites on ATV-related adverse effects. PMID:21148252

Occupational hazards of missile operations with special regard to the hydrazine propellants.

PubMed

Back, K C; Carter, V L; Thomas, A A

1978-04-01

The second generation of ballistic missiles and boosters, characterized by increased range and quick reaction capability, required the development of new high-energy storage propellants. This exploration led to the introduction of hydrazine (Hz), monomethylhydrazine (MMH), and 1,1-dimethylhydrazine (UDMH) into the USAF inventory. These compounds are all storable, noncryogenic, high-energy fuels which may be used alone or in combination as mixed amine fuels. Early toxicology experiments were to produce data on acute and subacute effects of the propellants in order to set standards for test and operational procedures to protect propellant handlers. The early work indicated that, despite similar chemical characteristics, there were marked differences between the compounds in terms of toxicological mechanisms. Since the propellant systems have been used for some 15 years, recent emphasis on toxicology has been centered on the more chronic effects and on an increasing body of evidence from animal experiments that the compounds may possess oncogenic potential as well as chronic systemic effects. This paper addresses itself to data leading up to current occupational standards.

Simple assembly of polysubstituted pyrazoles and isoxazoles via ring closure-ring opening domino reaction of 3-acyl-4,5-dihydrofurans with hydrazines and hydroxylamine.

PubMed

Chagarovskiy, Alexey O; Budynina, Ekaterina M; Ivanova, Olga A; Rybakov, Victor B; Trushkov, Igor V; Melnikov, Mikhail Ya

2016-03-14

A convenient general approach to 2-(pyrazol-4-yl)- and 2-(isoxazol-4-yl)ethanols based on the Brønsted acid-initiated reaction of 3-acyl-4,5-dihydrofurans with hydrazines or hydroxylamine was developed. Further transformation of the alcohol moiety in 2-(pyrazolyl)ethanols affording 2-(pyrazolyl)ethylamine as potent bioactive compounds as well as pyrazole-substituted derivatives of antitumor alkaloid crispine A was elaborated.

Gold-copper bimetallic nanoparticles supported on nano P zeolite modified carbon paste electrode as an efficient electrocatalyst and sensitive sensor for determination of hydrazine.

PubMed

Amiripour, Fatemeh; Azizi, Seyed Naser; Ghasemi, Shahram

2018-06-01

In this report, a facile, efficient and low cost electrochemical sensor based on bimetallic Au-Cu nanoparticles supported on P nanozeolite modified carbon paste electrode (Au-Cu/NPZ/CPE) was constructed and its efficiency for determination of hydrazine in trace level was studied. For this purpose, agro waste material, stem sweep ash (SSA) was employed as the starting material (silica source) for the synthesis of nano P zeolite (NPZ). After characterization of the synthesized NPZ by analytical instruments (scanning electronic microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy), construction of Au-Cu/NPZ/CPE was performed by three steps procedure involving preparation of nano P zeolite modified carbon paste electrode (NPZ/CPE), introducing Cu +2 ions into nano zeolite structure by ion exchange and electrochemical reduction of Cu +2 ions upon applying constant potential. This procedure is followed by partial replacement of Cu by Au due to galvanic replacement reaction (GRR). The electrochemical properties of hydrazine at the surface of Au-Cu/NPZ/CPE was evaluated using cyclic voltammetry (CV), amperometry, and chronoamperometry methods in 0.1 M phosphate buffer solution (PBS). It was found that the prepared sensor has higher electrocatalytic activity at a relatively lower potential compared to other modified electrodes including Au/NPZ/CPE, Cu/NPZ/CPE, Au-Cu/CPE and etc. Moreover, the proposed electrochemical sensor presented the favorable analytical properties for determination of hydrazine such as low detection limit (0.04 µM), rapid response time (3 s), wide linear range (0.01-150 mM), and high sensitivity (99.53 µA mM -1 ) that are related to the synergic effect of bimetallic of Au-Cu, porous structure and enough surface area of NPZ. In addition, capability of Au-Cu/NPZ/CPE sensor was successfully tested in real samples with good accuracy and precision. Copyright �

The hard start phenomena in hypergolic engines. Volume 4: The chemistry of hydrazine fuels and nitrogen tetroxide propellant systems

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Miron, Y.; Perlee, H. E.

1974-01-01

The various chemical reactions that occur and that could possibly occur in the RCS engines utilizing hydrazine-type fuel/nitrogen tetroxide propellant systems, prior to ignition (preignition), during combustion, and after combustion (postcombustion), and endeavors to relate the hard-start phenomenon to some of these reactions are discussed. The discussion is based on studies utilizing a variety of experimental techniques and apparatus as well as current theories of chemical reactions and reaction kinetics. The chemical reactions were studied in low pressure gas flow reactors, low temperature homogeneous- and heterogeneous-phase reactors, simulated two-dimensional (2-D) engines, and scaled and full size engines.

Hierarchical nano-on-micro copper with enhanced catalytic activity towards electro-oxidation of hydrazine

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yan, Xiaodong; Liu, Yuan; Scheel, Kyle R.; Li, Yong; Yu, Yunhua; Yang, Xiaoping; Peng, Zhonghua

2018-03-01

The electrochemical properties of catalyst materials are highly dependent on the materials structure and architecture. Herein, nano-on-micro Cu electrodes are fabricated by growing Cu microcrystals on Ni foam substrate, followed by introducing Cu nanocrystals onto the surface of the Cu microcrystals. The introduction of Cu nanocrystals onto the surface of Cu microcrystals is shown to dramatically increase the electrochemically active surface area and thus significantly enhances the catalytic activity of the catalyst electrode towards electro-oxidation of hydrazine. The onset potential (-1.04 V vs. Ag/AgCl) of the nano-on-micro Cu electrode is lower than those of the reported Cu-based catalysts under similar testing conditions, and a current density of 16 mA·cm-2, which is 2 times that of the microsized Cu electrode, is achieved at a potential of -0.95 V vs. Ag/AgCl. Moreover, the nano-on-micro Cu electrode demonstrates good long-term stability.

Effect of Fluoride on the Morphology and Electrochemical Property of Co3O4 Nanostructures for Hydrazine Detection

PubMed Central

Gao, Wanlin; Wang, Qiang; Umar, Ahmad

2018-01-01

In this paper, we systematically investigated the influence of fluoride on the morphology and electrochemical property of Co3O4 nanostructures for hydrazine detection. The results showed that with the introduction of NH4F during the synthesis process of Co3O4, both Co(CO3)0.5(OH)·0.11H2O and Co(OH)F precursors would be generated. To understand the influence of F on the morphology and electrochemical property of Co3O4, three Co3O4 nanostructures that were respectively obtained from bare Co(CO3)0.5(OH)·0.11H2O, Co(OH)F and Co(CO3)0.5(OH)·0.11H2O mixtures and bare Co(OH)F were successfully synthesized. The electrochemical tests revealed the sensing performance of prepared Co3O4 nanostructures decreased with the increase in the fluoride contents of precursors. The more that dosages of NH4F were used, the higher crystallinity and smaller specific surface area of Co3O4 was gained. Among these three Co3O4 nanostructures, the Co3O4 that was obtained from bare Co(CO3)0.5(OH)·0.11H2O-based hydrazine sensor displayed the best performances, which exhibited a great sensitivity (32.42 μA·mM−1), a low detection limit (9.7 μΜ), and a wide linear range (0.010–2.380 mM), together with good selectivity, great reproducibility and longtime stability. To the best of our knowledge, it was revealed for the first time that the sensing performance of prepared Co3O4 nanostructures decreased with the increase in fluoride contents of precursors. PMID:29382161

Stoichiometry and kinetics of the anaerobic ammonium oxidation (Anammox) with trace hydrazine addition.

PubMed

Yao, Zongbao; Lu, Peili; Zhang, Daijun; Wan, Xinyu; Li, Yulian; Peng, Shuchan

2015-12-01

Purpose of this study is to investigate the stoichiometry and kinetics of anaerobic ammonium oxidation (Anammox) with trace hydrazine addition. The stoichiometry was established based on the electron balance of Anammox process with trace N2H4 addition. The stoichiometric coefficients were determined by the proton consumption and the changes in substrates and products. It was found that trace N2H4 addition can increase the yield of Anammox bacteria (AnAOB) and reduce NO3(-) yield, which enhances the Anammox. Subsequently, kinetic model of Anammox with trace N2H4 addition was developed, and the parameters of the anaerobic degradation model of N2H4 were obtained for the first time. The maximum specific substrate utilization rate, half-saturation constant and inhibition constant of N2H4 were 25.09mgN/g VSS/d, 10.42mgN/L and 1393.88mgN/L, respectively. These kinetic parameters might provide important information for the engineering applications of Anammox with trace N2H4 addition. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

A highly selective long-wavelength fluorescent probe for hydrazine and its application in living cell imaging

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hao, Yuanqiang; Zhang, Yintang; Ruan, Kehong; Meng, Fanteng; Li, Ting; Guan, Jinsheng; Du, Lulu; Qu, Peng; Xu, Maotian

2017-09-01

A highly selective long-wavelength turn-on fluorescent probe has been developed for the detection of N2H4. The probe was prepared by conjugation the tricyanofuran-based D-π-A system with a recognizing moiety of acetyl group. In the presence of N2H4, the probe can be effectively hydrazinolysized and produce a turn-on fluorescent emission at 610 nm as well as a large red-shift in the absorption spectrum corresponding to a color change from yellow to blue. The sensing mechanism was confirmed by HPLC, MS, UV-vis, emission spectroscopic and theoretical calculation studies. The probe displayed high selectivity and sensitivity for N2H4 with a LOD (limit of detection) of 0.16 μM. Moreover, the probe was successfully utilized for the detection of hydrazine in living cells.

Nitrogenase of Klebsiella pneumoniae. Hydrazine is a product of azide reduction.

PubMed Central

Dilworth, M J; Thorneley, R N

1981-01-01

Klebsiella pneumoniae nitrogenase reduced azide, at 30 degrees C and pH 6.8-8.2, to yield ammonia (NH3), dinitrogen (N2) and hydrazine (N2H4). Reduction of (15N = 14N = 14N)-followed by mass-spectrometric analysis showed that no new nitrogen-nitrogen bonds were formed. During azide reduction, added 15N2H4 did not contribute 15N to NH3, indicating lack of equilibration between enzyme-bound intermediates giving rise to N2H4 and N2H4 in solution. When azide reduction to N2H4 was partially inhibited by 15N2, label appeared in NH3 but not in N2H4. Product balances combined with the labelling data indicate that azide is reduced according to the following equations: (formula: see text); N2 was a competitive inhibitor and CO a non-competitive inhibitor of azide reduction to N2H4. The percentage of total electron flux used for H2 evolution concomitant with azide reduction fell from 26% at pH 6.8 to 0% at pH 8.2. Pre-steady-state kinetic data suggest that N2H4 is formed by the cleavage of the alpha-beta nitrogen-nitrogen bond to bound azide to leave a nitride (= N) intermediate that subsequently yields NH3. PMID:7030315

N(4)-Methyl-N(4)-(2-methylphenyl)-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine-4,6-diamine-ethanol-hydrazine (1/0.865/0.135): hydrogen-bonded ribbons containing four independent ring types.

PubMed

Trilleras, Jorge; Quiroga, Jairo; Cobo, Justo; Glidewell, Christopher

2009-06-01

N(4)-Methyl-N(4)-(2-methylphenyl)-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine-4,6-diamine crystallizes from ethanol as a mixed solvate, C(13)H(14)N(6).0.865C(2)H(6)O.0.135N(2)H(4), (I), where the hydrazine has been carried through from the initial preparation. Within the heterocyclic component, the 2-methylphenyl substituent is disordered over two sets of sites. There is an intramolecular C-H...pi(arene) hydrogen bond, which may control the molecular conformation of the heterocycle. The heterocyclic molecules are linked by two independent N-H...N hydrogen bonds in a chain containing two types of R(2)(2)(8) ring. The ethanol component is linked to this chain by a combination of O-H...N and N-H...O hydrogen bonds and the hydrazine component by two N-H...N hydrogen bonds, so generating two R(3)(3)(9) rings and thus forming a ribbon containing four distinct ring types.

Investigation of a catalytic gas generator for the Space Shuttle APU. [hydrazine Auxiliary Propulsion Unit

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Emmons, D. L.; Huxtable, D. D.; Blevins, D. R.

1974-01-01

An investigation was conducted to establish the capability of a monopropellant hydrazine catalytic gas generator to meet the requirements specified for the Space Shuttle APU. Detailed analytical and experimental studies were conducted on potential problem areas including long-term nitriding effects on materials, design variables affecting catalyst life, vehicle vibration effects, and catalyst oxidation/contamination. A full-scale gas generator, designed to operate at a chamber pressure of 750 psia and a flow rate of 0.36 lbm/sec, was fabricated and subjected to three separate life test series. The objective of the first test series was to demonstrate the capability of the gas generator to successfully complete 20 simulated Space Shuttle missions in steady-state operation. The gas generator was then refurbished and subjected to a second series of tests to demonstrate the pulse-mode capability of the gas generator during 20 simulated missions. The third series of tests was conducted with a refurbished reactor to further demonstrate pulse-mode capability with a modified catalyst bed.

Performance characterization tests of three 0.44-N (0.1 lbf) hydrazine catalytic thrusters

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Moynihan, P. I.; Bjorklund, R. A.

1973-01-01

The 0.44-N (0.1-lbf) class of hydrazine catalytic thruster has been evaluated to assess its capability for spacecraft limit-cycle attitude control with thruster pulse durations on the order of 10 milliseconds. Dynamic-environment and limit-cycle simulation tests were performed on three commercially available thruster/valve assemblies, purchased from three different manufacturers. The results indicate that this class of thruster can sustain a launch environment and, when properly temperature-conditioned, can perform limit-cycle operations over the anticipated life span of a multi-year mission. The minimum operating temperature for very short pulse durations was determined for each thruster. Pulsing life tests were then conducted on each thruster under a thermally controlled condition which maintained the catalyst bed at both a nominal 93 C (200 F) and 205 C (400 F). These were the temperatures believed to be slightly below and very near the minimum recommended operating temperature, respectively. The ensuing life tests ranged from 100,000 to 250,000 pulses at these temperatures, as would be required for spacecraft limit-cycle attitude control applications.

Hydrazine-Assisted Formation of Indium Phosphide (InP)-Based Nanowires and Core-Shell Composites.

PubMed

Patzke, Greta R; Kontic, Roman; Shiolashvili, Zeinab; Makhatadze, Nino; Jishiashvili, David

2012-12-27

Indium phosphide nanowires (InP NWs) are accessible at 440 °C from a novel vapor phase deposition approach from crystalline InP sources in hydrazine atmospheres containing 3 mol % H₂O. Uniform zinc blende (ZB) InP NWs with diameters around 20 nm and lengths up to several tens of micrometers are preferably deposited on Si substrates. InP particle sizes further increase with the deposition temperature. The straightforward protocol was extended on the one-step formation of new core-shell InP-Ga NWs from mixed InP/Ga source materials. Composite nanocables with diameters below 20 nm and shells of amorphous gallium oxide are obtained at low deposition temperatures around 350 °C. Furthermore, InP/Zn sources afford InP NWs with amorphous Zn/P/O-coatings at slightly higher temperatures (400 °C) from analogous setups. At 450 °C, the smooth outer layer of InP-Zn NWs is transformed into bead-shaped coatings. The novel combinations of the key semiconductor InP with isotropic insulator shell materials open up interesting application perspectives in nanoelectronics.

(E)-1-(2,4-Di-nitro-phen-yl)-2-(3-eth-oxy-4-hy-droxy-benzyl-idene)hydrazine.

PubMed

Fun, Hoong-Kun; Chantrapromma, Suchada; Ruanwas, Pumsak; Kobkeatthawin, Thawanrat; Chidan Kumar, C S

2014-01-01

The mol-ecule of the title hydrazine derivative, C15H14N4O6, is essentially planar, the dihedral angle between the substituted benzene rings being 2.25 (9)°. The eth-oxy and hy-droxy groups are almost coplanar with their bound benzene ring [r.m.s. deviation = 0.0153 (2) Å for the ten non-H atoms]. Intra-molecular N-H⋯O and O-H⋯Oeth-oxy hydrogen bonds generate S(6) and S(5) ring motifs, respectively. In the crystal, mol-ecules are linked by O-H⋯Onitro hydrogen bonds into chains propagating in [010]. Weak aromatic π-π inter-actions, with centroid-centroid distances of 3.8192 (19) and 4.0491 (19) Å, are also observed.

Hydrazine-Assisted Formation of Indium Phosphide (InP)-Based Nanowires and Core-Shell Composites

PubMed Central

Patzke, Greta R.; Kontic, Roman; Shiolashvili, Zeinab; Makhatadze, Nino; Jishiashvili, David

2012-01-01

Indium phosphide nanowires (InP NWs) are accessible at 440 °C from a novel vapor phase deposition approach from crystalline InP sources in hydrazine atmospheres containing 3 mol % H2O. Uniform zinc blende (ZB) InP NWs with diameters around 20 nm and lengths up to several tens of micrometers are preferably deposited on Si substrates. InP particle sizes further increase with the deposition temperature. The straightforward protocol was extended on the one-step formation of new core-shell InP–Ga NWs from mixed InP/Ga source materials. Composite nanocables with diameters below 20 nm and shells of amorphous gallium oxide are obtained at low deposition temperatures around 350 °C. Furthermore, InP/Zn sources afford InP NWs with amorphous Zn/P/O-coatings at slightly higher temperatures (400 °C) from analogous setups. At 450 °C, the smooth outer layer of InP-Zn NWs is transformed into bead-shaped coatings. The novel combinations of the key semiconductor InP with isotropic insulator shell materials open up interesting application perspectives in nanoelectronics. PMID:28809296

Preparation, characterization, non-isothermal reaction kinetics, thermodynamic properties, and safety performances of high nitrogen compound: hydrazine 3-nitro-1,2,4-triazol-5-one complex.

PubMed

Yi, Jian-Hua; Zhao, Feng-Qi; Gao, Hong-Xu; Xu, Si-Yu; Wang, Min-Chang; Hu, Rong-Zu

2008-05-01

A new high nitrogen compound hydrazine 3-nitro-1,2,4-triazol-5-one complex (HNTO) was prepared by the reaction of 3-nitro-1,2,4-triazol-5-one with hydrazine hydrate, and its structure was characterized by means of organic elemental analyzer, FT-IR, XRD, (13)C NMR and (15)N NMR. The non-isothermal reaction kinetics of the main exothermic decomposition reaction of HNTO was investigated by means of DSC. The thermodynamic properties of HNTO were calculated. The results showed that the formation of HNTO is achieved by proton transfer of N(4) atom, and it makes a higher nitrogen content and lower acidity. The reaction mechanism of HNTO is classified as nucleation and growth, and the mechanism function is Avramo-Erofeev equation with n=2/5. The kinetic parameters of the reaction are E(a)=195.29 kJ mol(-1), lg(A (s(-1)))=19.37, respectively. The kinetic equation can be expressed as: d(alpha)/d(t) = 10(18.97)(1 - alpha)[-ln(1 - alpha)](3/5) e(-2.35 x 10(4)/T). The safety performances of HNTO were carried out. The critical temperature of thermal explosion are 464.26 and 474.37 K, the adiabatic time-to-explosion is 262s, the impact sensitivity H(50)=45.7 cm, the friction sensitivity P=20% and the electrostatic spark sensitivity E(50)>5.4J (no ignition). It shows that HNTO has an insensitive nature as RDX and NTO, etc.

Optical, Fluorescence with quantum analysis of hydrazine (1, 3- Dinitro Phenyl) by DFT and Ab initio approach

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Cecily Mary Glory, D.; Sambathkumar, K.; Madivanane, R.; Velmurugan, G.; Gayathri, R.; Nithiyanantham, S.; Venkatachalapathy, M.; Rajkamal, N.

2018-07-01

Experimental and computational study of molecular structure, vibrational and UV-spectral analysis of Hydrazine (1, 3- Dinitrophenyl) (HDP) derivatives. The crystal was grown by slow cooling method and the crystalline perfection of single crystals was evaluated by high resolution X-ray diffractometry (HRXRD) using a multicrystal X-ray diffractometer. Fluorescence, FT-IR and FT-Raman spectra of HDP crystal were recorded. The assignments of the vibrational spectra have been carried out with the help of normal co-ordinate analysis (NCA) followed by scaled quantum force field methodology (SQMFF). NMR studies have confirmed respectively the crystal structure and functional groups of the grown crystal. The energy and oscillator strength calculated by Time-Dependent Density Functional Theory (TD-DFT) result complements the experimental findings. The calculated MESP, UV, HOMO-LUMO energies show that charge transfer done within the molecule. And various thermodynamic parameters are studied. Fukui determines the local reactive site of electrophilic, nucleophilic, descriptor.

Removal of Lead from Water Using Calcium Alginate Beads Doped with Hydrazine Sulphate-Activated Red Mud as Adsorbent

PubMed Central

2017-01-01

Calcium alginate beads doped with hydrazine sulphate-treated red mud are investigated as adsorbent for extracting lead ions from water using batch methods of extraction. Different extraction conditions are optimised for maximum lead extraction. Substantial amount of lead is removed, and the adsorption ability is found to be 138.6 mg/g. Surface characterization using FTIR, EDX, and FESEM confirms that lead is “onto” the surface of the adsorbent. Thermodynamic parameters, adsorption isotherms, and kinetics of adsorption are analysed. Adsorption is “physisorption” in nature and spontaneous. The adsorbent developed can be regenerated using 0.1 M HCl. Thus regenerated adsorbent can be used as the adsorbent for further removal of lead at least 10 times, and this enables the complete removal of lead from water by repetitive use of the regenerated adsorbent. The beads facilitate the easy filtration. The methodology developed is successfully applied for removing lead from industrial waste waters. PMID:29527385

Synthesis of TiO₂-loaded Co0.85Se thin films with heterostructure and their enhanced catalytic activity for p-nitrophenol reduction and hydrazine hydrate decomposition.

PubMed

Zuo, Yong; Song, Ji-Ming; Niu, He-Lin; Mao, Chang-Jie; Zhang, Sheng-Yi; Shen, Yu-Hua

2016-04-08

P-nitrophenol (4-NP) and hydrazine hydrate are considered to be highly toxic pollutants in wastewater, and it is of great importance to remove them. Herein, TiO2-loaded Co0.85Se thin films with heterostructure were successfully synthesized by a hydrothermal route. The as-synthesized samples were characterized by x-ray diffraction, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy and selective-area electron diffraction. The results demonstrate that TiO2 nanoparticles with a size of about 10 nm are easily loaded on the surface of graphene-like Co0.85Se nanofilms, and the NH3 · H2O plays an important role in the generation and crystallization of TiO2 nanoparticles. Brunauer-Emmett-Teller measurement shows that the obtained nanocomposites have a larger specific surface area (199.3 m(2) g(-1)) than that of Co0.85Se nanofilms (55.17 m(2) g(-1)) and TiO2 nanoparticles (19.49 m(2) g(-1)). The catalytic tests indicate Co0.85Se-TiO2 nanofilms have the highest activity for 4-NP reduction and hydrazine hydrate decomposition within 10 min and 8 min, respectively, compared with the corresponding precursor Co0.85Se nanofilms and TiO2 nanoparticles. The enhanced catalytic performance can be attributed to the larger specific surface area and higher rate of interfacial charge transfer in the heterojunction than that of the single components. In addition, recycling tests show that the as-synthesized sample presents stable conversion efficiency for 4-NP reduction.

Prolinimines: N-Amino-l-Pro-methyl Ester (Hydrazine) Schiff Bases from a Fish Gastrointestinal Tract-Derived Fungus, Trichoderma sp. CMB-F563.

PubMed

Mohamed, Osama G; Khalil, Zeinab G; Capon, Robert J

2018-01-19

A rice cultivation of a fish gastrointestinal tract-derived fungus, Trichoderma sp. CMB-F563, yielded natural products incorporating a rare hydrazine moiety, embedded within a Schiff base. Structures inclusive of absolute configurations were assigned to prolinimines A-D (1-4) on the basis of detailed spectroscopic and C 3 Marfey's analysis, as well as biosynthetic considerations, biomimetic total synthesis, and chemical transformations. Of note, monomeric 1 proved to be acid labile and, during isolation, underwent quantitative transformation to dimeric 3 and trimeric 4. Prolinimines are only the second reported natural products incorporating an N-amino-Pro residue, the first to include l-Pro, the first to occur as Schiff bases, and the first to be isolated from a microorganism.

Employing a hydrazine linked asymmetric double naphthalene hybrid for efficient naked eye detection of F-: Crystal structure with real application for F-

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bhattacharyya, Arghyadeep; Makhal, Subhash Chandra; Ghosh, Soumen; Guchhait, Nikhil

2018-06-01

An asymmetric hydrazide, (12E, 13E)-2-((naphthalen-1-yl) methylene)-1-(1-(2-hydroxynaphthalen-6-yl) ethylidene) hydrazine (abbreviated as AH) is synthesized and characterized by standard techniques and crystal structure of AH has been obtained. The naked eye detection of F- in aqueous acetonitrile (acetonitrile: water = 7:3/v:v) by AH has been investigated by UV-Visible titration and in presence of other anions, the limit of detection being 1.31 × 10-6(M). The mechanism of F- sensing has been explored by 1H NMR titration. AH undergoes hydrogen bonding with F- followed by deprotonation. The practical utility of AH has been explored by successful test kit response and color change in toothpaste solution.

Reducing Dangerous Effects of Unsymmetrical Dimethyl Hydrazine as a Liquid Propellant by Addition of Hydroxyethylhydrazine, Part II, Performance with Several Oxidizers

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Keshavarz, Mohammad Hossein; Ramadan, Alireza; Mousaviazar, Ali; Zali, Abbas; Shokrollahi, Arash

2011-07-01

This work continues the study of suitable binary liquid mixtures of unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine (UDMH) and hydroxyethylhydrazine (HEH) to reduce the harmful effects of pure UDMH. The synthesized HEH was mixed with UDMH up to 40 wt% of HEH to study the performance and properties of binary liquid mixtures of UDMH/HEH. The existence of strong hydrogen bonding between HEH and UDMH provides low-volatile mixtures of these hydrazine derivatives. The addition of HEH significantly reduces the vapor pressure of UDMH, thus reducing the known UDMH health risk to inhalation exposure. Specific impulse was used to study performance of binary mixture UDMH/HEH with respect to pure UDMH. A binary mixture of UDMH/HEH reacts spontaneously in contact with nitrogen tetroxide, red fuming nitric acid (RFNA), and inhibited red fuming nitric acid (IRFNA).

Key study on the potential of hydrazine bisborane for solid- and liquid-state chemical hydrogen storage.

PubMed

Pylypko, Sergii; Petit, Eddy; Yot, Pascal G; Salles, Fabrice; Cretin, Marc; Miele, Philippe; Demirci, Umit B

2015-05-04

Hydrazine bisborane N2H4(BH3)2 (HBB; 16.8 wt %) recently re-emerged as a potential hydrogen storage material. However, such potential is controversial: HBB was seen as a hazardous compound up to 2010, but now it would be suitable for hydrogen storage. In this context, we focused on fundamentals of HBB because they are missing in the literature and should help to shed light on its effective potential while taking into consideration any risk. Experimental/computational methods were used to get a complete characterization data sheet, including, e.g., XRD, NMR, FTIR, Raman, TGA, and DSC. From the reported results and discussion, it is concluded that HBB has potential in the field of chemical hydrogen storage given that both thermolytic and hydrolytic dehydrogenations were analyzed. In solid-state chemical hydrogen storage, it cannot be used in the pristine state (risk of explosion during dehydrogenation) but can be used for the synthesis of derivatives with improved dehydrogenation properties. In liquid-state chemical hydrogen storage, it can be studied for room-temperature dehydrogenation, but this requires the development of an active and selective metal-based catalyst. HBB is a thus a candidate for chemical hydrogen storage.

Why Orange Guaymas Basin Beggiatoa spp. Are Orange: Single-Filament-Genome-Enabled Identification of an Abundant Octaheme Cytochrome with Hydroxylamine Oxidase, Hydrazine Oxidase, and Nitrite Reductase Activities

PubMed Central

Biddle, Jennifer F.; Siebert, Jason R.; Staunton, Eric; Hegg, Eric L.; Matthysse, Ann G.; Teske, Andreas

2013-01-01

Orange, white, and yellow vacuolated Beggiatoaceae filaments are visually dominant members of microbial mats found near sea floor hydrothermal vents and cold seeps, with orange filaments typically concentrated toward the mat centers. No marine vacuolate Beggiatoaceae are yet in pure culture, but evidence to date suggests they are nitrate-reducing, sulfide-oxidizing bacteria. The nearly complete genome sequence of a single orange Beggiatoa (“Candidatus Maribeggiatoa”) filament from a microbial mat sample collected in 2008 at a hydrothermal site in Guaymas Basin (Gulf of California, Mexico) was recently obtained. From this sequence, the gene encoding an abundant soluble orange-pigmented protein in Guaymas Basin mat samples (collected in 2009) was identified by microcapillary reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) nano-electrospray tandem mass spectrometry (μLC–MS-MS) of a pigmented band excised from a denaturing polyacrylamide gel. The predicted protein sequence is related to a large group of octaheme cytochromes whose few characterized representatives are hydroxylamine or hydrazine oxidases. The protein was partially purified and shown by in vitro assays to have hydroxylamine oxidase, hydrazine oxidase, and nitrite reductase activities. From what is known of Beggiatoaceae physiology, nitrite reduction is the most likely in vivo role of the octaheme protein, but future experiments are required to confirm this tentative conclusion. Thus, while present-day genomic and proteomic techniques have allowed precise identification of an abundant mat protein, and its potential activities could be assayed, proof of its physiological role remains elusive in the absence of a pure culture that can be genetically manipulated. PMID:23220958

Synthesis of TiO2-loaded Co0.85Se thin films with heterostructure and their enhanced catalytic activity for p-nitrophenol reduction and hydrazine hydrate decomposition

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zuo, Yong; Song, Ji-Ming; Niu, He-Lin; Mao, Chang-Jie; Zhang, Sheng-Yi; Shen, Yu-Hua

2016-04-01

P-nitrophenol (4-NP) and hydrazine hydrate are considered to be highly toxic pollutants in wastewater, and it is of great importance to remove them. Herein, TiO2-loaded Co0.85Se thin films with heterostructure were successfully synthesized by a hydrothermal route. The as-synthesized samples were characterized by x-ray diffraction, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy and selective-area electron diffraction. The results demonstrate that TiO2 nanoparticles with a size of about 10 nm are easily loaded on the surface of graphene-like Co0.85Se nanofilms, and the NH3 · H2O plays an important role in the generation and crystallization of TiO2 nanoparticles. Brunauer-Emmett-Teller measurement shows that the obtained nanocomposites have a larger specific surface area (199.3 m2 g-1) than that of Co0.85Se nanofilms (55.17 m2 g-1) and TiO2 nanoparticles (19.49 m2 g-1). The catalytic tests indicate Co0.85Se-TiO2 nanofilms have the highest activity for 4-NP reduction and hydrazine hydrate decomposition within 10 min and 8 min, respectively, compared with the corresponding precursor Co0.85Se nanofilms and TiO2 nanoparticles. The enhanced catalytic performance can be attributed to the larger specific surface area and higher rate of interfacial charge transfer in the heterojunction than that of the single components. In addition, recycling tests show that the as-synthesized sample presents stable conversion efficiency for 4-NP reduction.

Amorphous nickel-cobalt complexes hybridized with 1T-phase molybdenum disulfide via hydrazine-induced phase transformation for water splitting

PubMed Central

Li, Haoyi; Chen, Shuangming; Jia, Xiaofan; Xu, Biao; Lin, Haifeng; Yang, Haozhou; Song, Li; Wang, Xun

2017-01-01

Highly active and robust eletcrocatalysts based on earth-abundant elements are desirable to generate hydrogen and oxygen as fuels from water sustainably to replace noble metal materials. Here we report an approach to synthesize porous hybrid nanostructures combining amorphous nickel-cobalt complexes with 1T phase molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) via hydrazine-induced phase transformation for water splitting. The hybrid nanostructures exhibit overpotentials of 70 mV for hydrogen evolution and 235 mV for oxygen evolution at 10 mA cm−2 with long-term stability, which have superior kinetics for hydrogen- and oxygen-evolution with Tafel slope values of 38.1 and 45.7 mV dec−1. Moreover, we achieve 10 mA cm−2 at a low voltage of 1.44 V for 48 h in basic media for overall water splitting. We propose that such performance is likely due to the complete transformation of MoS2 to metallic 1T phase, high porosity and stabilization effect of nickel-cobalt complexes on 1T phase MoS2. PMID:28485395

Amorphous nickel-cobalt complexes hybridized with 1T-phase molybdenum disulfide via hydrazine-induced phase transformation for water splitting

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Li, Haoyi; Chen, Shuangming; Jia, Xiaofan; Xu, Biao; Lin, Haifeng; Yang, Haozhou; Song, Li; Wang, Xun

2017-05-01

Highly active and robust eletcrocatalysts based on earth-abundant elements are desirable to generate hydrogen and oxygen as fuels from water sustainably to replace noble metal materials. Here we report an approach to synthesize porous hybrid nanostructures combining amorphous nickel-cobalt complexes with 1T phase molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) via hydrazine-induced phase transformation for water splitting. The hybrid nanostructures exhibit overpotentials of 70 mV for hydrogen evolution and 235 mV for oxygen evolution at 10 mA cm-2 with long-term stability, which have superior kinetics for hydrogen- and oxygen-evolution with Tafel slope values of 38.1 and 45.7 mV dec-1. Moreover, we achieve 10 mA cm-2 at a low voltage of 1.44 V for 48 h in basic media for overall water splitting. We propose that such performance is likely due to the complete transformation of MoS2 to metallic 1T phase, high porosity and stabilization effect of nickel-cobalt complexes on 1T phase MoS2.

Determination of 17-oxosteroid glucuronides and sulfates in urine and serum by fluorescence high-performance liquid chromatography using dansyl hydrazine as a prelabeling reagent.

PubMed

Kawasaki, T; Maeda, M; Tsuji, A

1982-12-10

A fluorescence high-performance liquid chromatographic method is described for the direct determination of conjugated 17-oxosteroids in biological fluids without hydrolysis. Conjugated 17-oxosteroids are extracted with Sep-Pak C18 cartridge, labeled with dansyl hydrazine in trichloroacetic acid--benzene solution and then separated by high-performance liquid chromatography on reversed-phase muBondapak C18 column using 0.01 M sodium acetate in methanol-water-acetic acid (65:35:1, v/v) as the mobile phase. The eluate is monitored by a fluorophotometer at 365 nm (excitation) and 520 nm (emission). Linearities of fluorescence intensities (peak heights) with the amounts of various conjugated 17-oxosteroids were obtained between 10 pmol and 100 pmol. This method is sensitive, reliable and useful for the simultaneous determination of conjugated 17-oxosteroids in urine and serum.

Synthesis of non-hydrazine solution processed Cu2(ZnSn)S4 thin films for solar cells applications

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gupta, Indu; Gupta, Preeti; Mohanty, Bhaskar Chandra

2017-05-01

Solution processing provides a versatile and inexpensive means to prepare Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) thin films for photovoltaic applications. Differently with the reported growth of CZTS films from hydrazine based toxic solutions, we demonstrate a simple non-toxic ethanol based solution approach to synthesize the films. Using the chemical bath deposition (CBD) method, the CZTS thin films were grown from metal salts (copper chloride, zinc chloride, and tin chloride) in ethanol and monoethanol amine (MEA) and thioacetamide in ethanol as sulfur source in a single dip followed by sulfurization. The structure, composition, morphology and optical properties of the CZTS film were studied by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and UV-vis spectroscopy. The results revealed that a post-deposition sulfurization is necessary to the phase formation and among all, sulfurization at 450°C for 60 min yielded phase pure CZTS films having kesterite structure, relatively compact morphology and an optical band gap of ˜1.52 eV indicating its suitability for solar cell applications. The results clearly validate the CBD method as a potential scalable route of preparation of CZTS thin films.

A Novel Green TiO2 Photocatalyst with a Surface Charge-Transfer Complex of Ti and Hydrazine Groups.

PubMed

Tian, Lihong; Xu, Jilian; Alnafisah, Abrar; Wang, Ran; Tan, Xinyu; Oyler, Nathan A; Liu, Lei; Chen, Xiaobo

2017-04-19

The optical property of TiO 2 plays an important role in its various and promising photocatalytic applications. Previous efforts in improving its optical properties include doping with various metal and/or non-metal elements, coupling with other colorful semiconductors or molecules, and hydrogenating to crystalline/disordered core/shell nanostructures. Here, we report a beautiful green TiO 2 achieved by forming the charge-transfer complex of colorless hydrazine groups and surface Ti 4+ , which extends the optical absorption into the near infrared region (≈1100 nm, 1.05 eV). It shows an enhanced photocatalytic performance in hydrogen generation under simulated sunlight, and degradation of organic pollution under visible light due to an impurity state (about 0.28 eV) resulting in fast electron-hole separation and injection of electrons from the ligand to the conduction band of TiO 2 . This study demonstrates an alternative approach to tune the optical, impurity state and photocatalytic properties of TiO 2 nanoparticles and we believe this will spur a wide interest in related materials and applications. © 2017 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

Determination of trace selenium by solid substrate-room temperature phosphorescence enhancing method based on potassium chlorate oxidizing phenyl hydrazine-1,2-dihydroxynaphthalene-3,6-disulfonic acid system.

PubMed

Liu, Jia-Ming; Cui, Xiao-Jie; Li, Lai-Ming; Fu, Geng-Min; Lin, Shao-Xian; Yang, Min-Lan; Xu, Mei-Ying; Wu, Zhi-Qun

2007-04-01

A new method for the determination of trace selenium based on solid substrate-room temperature phosphorimetry (SS-RTP) has been established. This method was based on the fact that in HCl-KCl buffer solution, potassium chlorate could oxidize phenyl hydrazine to form chloridize diazo-ion after being heated at 100 degrees C for 20 min, and then the diazo-ion reacted with 1,2-dihydroxynaphthalene-3,6-disulfonic acid to form red azo-compound which could emit strong room temperature phosphorescence (RTP) signal on filter paper. Selenium could catalyze potassium chlorate oxidizing the reaction between phenyl hydrazine and 1,2-dihydroxynaphthalene-3,6-disulfonic acid, which caused the sharp enhancement of SS-RTP. Under the optimum condition, the relationship between the phosphorescence emission intensity (DeltaIp) and the content of selenium obeyed Beer's law when the concentration of selenium is within the range of 1.60-320 fg spot-1 (or 0.0040-0.80 ng ml-1 with a sample volume of 0.4 microl). The regression equation of working curve can be expressed as DeltaIp=13.12+0.4839CSe(IV) (fg spot-1) (n=6), with correlation coefficient r=0.9991 and a detection limit of 0.28 fg spot-1 (corresponding to a concentration range of 7.0x10(-13) g ml-1 Se(IV), n=11). After 11-fold measurement, R.S.D. were 2.8 and 3.5% for the samples containing 0.0040 and 0.80 ng ml-1 of Se(IV), respectively. This accurate and sensitive method with good repeatability has been successfully applied to the determination of trace selenium in Chinese wolfberry and egg yolk with satisfactory results. The mechanism of the enhancement of phosphorescence was also discussed.

Determination of trace selenium by solid substrate-room temperature phosphorescence enhancing method based on potassium chlorate oxidizing phenyl hydrazine-1,2-dihydroxynaphthalene-3,6-disulfonic acid system

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Liu, Jia-Ming; Cui, Xiao-Jie; Li, Lai-Ming; Fu, Geng-Min; Lin, Shao-Xian; Yang, Min-Lan; Xu, Mei-Ying; Wu, Zhi-Qun

2007-04-01

A new method for the determination of trace selenium based on solid substrate-room temperature phosphorimetry (SS-RTP) has been established. This method was based on the fact that in HCl-KCl buffer solution, potassium chlorate could oxidize phenyl hydrazine to form chloridize diazo-ion after being heated at 100 °C for 20 min, and then the diazo-ion reacted with 1,2-dihydroxynaphthalene-3,6-disulfonic acid to form red azo-compound which could emit strong room temperature phosphorescence (RTP) signal on filter paper. Selenium could catalyze potassium chlorate oxidizing the reaction between phenyl hydrazine and 1,2-dihydroxynaphthalene-3,6-disulfonic acid, which caused the sharp enhancement of SS-RTP. Under the optimum condition, the relationship between the phosphorescence emission intensity (Δ Ip) and the content of selenium obeyed Beer's law when the concentration of selenium is within the range of 1.60-320 fg spot -1 (or 0.0040-0.80 ng ml -1 with a sample volume of 0.4 μl). The regression equation of working curve can be expressed as Δ Ip = 13.12 + 0.4839 CSe(IV) (fg spot -1) ( n = 6), with correlation coefficient r = 0.9991 and a detection limit of 0.28 fg spot -1 (corresponding to a concentration range of 7.0 × 10 -13 g ml -1 Se(IV), n = 11). After 11-fold measurement, R.S.D. were 2.8 and 3.5% for the samples containing 0.0040 and 0.80 ng ml -1 of Se(IV), respectively. This accurate and sensitive method with good repeatability has been successfully applied to the determination of trace selenium in Chinese wolfberry and egg yolk with satisfactory results. The mechanism of the enhancement of phosphorescence was also discussed.

Diversity and Spatial Distribution of Hydrazine Oxidoreductase (hzo) Gene in the Oxygen Minimum Zone Off Costa Rica

PubMed Central

Kong, Liangliang; Jing, Hongmei; Kataoka, Takafumi; Buchwald, Carolyn; Liu, Hongbin

2013-01-01

Anaerobic ammonia oxidation (anammox) as an important nitrogen loss pathway has been reported in marine oxygen minimum zones (OMZs), but the community composition and spatial distribution of anammox bacteria in the eastern tropical North Pacific (ETNP) OMZ are poorly determined. In this study, anammox bacterial communities in the OMZ off Costa Rica (CRD-OMZ) were analyzed based on both hydrazine oxidoreductase (hzo) genes and their transcripts assigned to cluster 1 and 2. The anammox communities revealed by hzo genes and proteins in CRD-OMZ showed a low diversity. Gene quantification results showed that hzo gene abundances peaked in the upper OMZs, associated with the peaks of nitrite concentration. Nitrite and oxygen concentrations may therefore colimit the distribution of anammox bacteria in this area. Furthermore, transcriptional activity of anammox bacteria was confirmed by obtaining abundant hzo mRNA transcripts through qRT-PCR. A novel hzo cluster 2x clade was identified by the phylogenetic analysis and these novel sequences were abundant and widely distributed in this environment. Our study demonstrated that both cluster 1 and 2 anammox bacteria play an active role in the CRD-OMZ, and the cluster 1 abundance and transcriptional activity were higher than cluster 2 in both free-living and particle-attached fractions at both gene and transcriptional levels. PMID:24205176

Diversity and spatial distribution of hydrazine oxidoreductase (hzo) gene in the oxygen minimum zone off Costa Rica.

PubMed

Kong, Liangliang; Jing, Hongmei; Kataoka, Takafumi; Buchwald, Carolyn; Liu, Hongbin

2013-01-01

Anaerobic ammonia oxidation (anammox) as an important nitrogen loss pathway has been reported in marine oxygen minimum zones (OMZs), but the community composition and spatial distribution of anammox bacteria in the eastern tropical North Pacific (ETNP) OMZ are poorly determined. In this study, anammox bacterial communities in the OMZ off Costa Rica (CRD-OMZ) were analyzed based on both hydrazine oxidoreductase (hzo) genes and their transcripts assigned to cluster 1 and 2. The anammox communities revealed by hzo genes and proteins in CRD-OMZ showed a low diversity. Gene quantification results showed that hzo gene abundances peaked in the upper OMZs, associated with the peaks of nitrite concentration. Nitrite and oxygen concentrations may therefore colimit the distribution of anammox bacteria in this area. Furthermore, transcriptional activity of anammox bacteria was confirmed by obtaining abundant hzo mRNA transcripts through qRT-PCR. A novel hzo cluster 2x clade was identified by the phylogenetic analysis and these novel sequences were abundant and widely distributed in this environment. Our study demonstrated that both cluster 1 and 2 anammox bacteria play an active role in the CRD-OMZ, and the cluster 1 abundance and transcriptional activity were higher than cluster 2 in both free-living and particle-attached fractions at both gene and transcriptional levels.

Hydrazine-enhanced NO conversion in a pulsed corona discharge plasma (PCDP) reactor: Behaviors and mechanism

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hong, Liu; Chen, De-Zhen; Yin, Li-Jie; Chen, Hui; Wang, Du; Hu, Yu-Yan

2016-09-01

The NO conversion efficiency in a pulsed corona discharge plasma (PCDP) reactor in the presence of a new additive, hydrazine hydrate (N2H4.H2O), was studied, and the reaction mechanism was analyzed. The NO conversion efficiency reached 62.5%, and the NO conversion Energy Yield (EY) reached 20.9 gNO/kWh, which is higher than that obtained using water or ammonia additives under the same conditions. The predominant elementary reactions and radicals, as well as the mechanism by which the additive enhanced the NO conversion process, were determined by comparing experimental data with theoretical simulation results and by performing a sensitivity analysis. After the addition of N2H4.H2O, the N2H4 reacts with radicals generated in the PCDP reactor to form a large quantity of strongly reducing species with NH2 as the predominant component, which can directly reduce NO to N2 and effectively prevent the generation of N2O. Compared with the traditional PCDP-based De-NOx process in which nitric acid is generated by oxidation with an additional neutralization step required, this new PCDP-based De-NOx process with N2H4.H2O addition is superior because NO is mostly reduced to N2. The study provides a basis for the application of N2H4.H2O as a synergist to improve NO abatement in a PCDP reactor.

Air oxidation of hydrazine. 1. Reaction kinetics on natural kaolinites, halloysites, and model substituent layers with varying iron and titanium oxide and O- center contents

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Coyne, L.; Mariner, R.; Rice, A.

1991-01-01

Air oxidation of hydrazine was studied by using a group of kaolinites, halloysites, and substituent oxides as models for the tetrahedral and octahedral sheets. The rate was found to be linear with oxygen. The stoichiometry showed that oxygen was the primary oxidant and that dinitrogen was the only important nitrogen-containing product. The rates on kaolinites were strongly inhibited by water. Those on three-dimensional silica and gibbsite appeared not to be. That on a supposedly layered silica formed from a natural kaolinite by acid leaching showed transitional behavior--slowed relative to that expected from a second-order reaction relative to that on the gibbsite and silica but faster than those on the kaolinites. The most striking result of the reaction was the marked increase in the rate of reaction of a constant amount of hydrazine as the amount of clay was increased. The increase was apparent (in spite of the water inhibition at high conversions) over a 2 order of magnitude variation of the clay weight. The weight dependence was taken to indicate that the role of the clay is very important, that the number of reactive centers is very small, or that they may be deactivated over the course of the reaction. In contrast to the strong dependence on overall amount of clay, the variation of amounts of putative oxidizing centers, such as structural Fe(III), admixed TiO2 or Fe2O3, or O- centers, did not result in alteration of the rate commensurate with the degree of variation of the entity in question. Surface iron does play some role, however, as samples that were pretreated with a reducing agent were less active as catalysts than the parent material. These results were taken to indicate either that the various centers interact to such a degree that they cannot be considered independently or that the reaction might proceed by way of surface complexation, rather than single electron transfers.

Improvement in Titanium Complexes Bearing Schiff Base Ligands in the Ring-Opening Polymerization of L-Lactide: A Dinuclear System with Hydrazine-Bridging Schiff Base Ligands.

PubMed

Tseng, Hsi-Ching; Chen, Hsing-Yin; Huang, Yen-Tzu; Lu, Wei-Yi; Chang, Yu-Lun; Chiang, Michael Y; Lai, Yi-Chun; Chen, Hsuan-Ying

2016-02-15

A series of titanium (Ti) complexes bearing hydrazine-bridging Schiff base ligands were synthesized and investigated as catalysts for the ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of L-lactide (LA). Complexes with electron withdrawing or steric bulky groups reduced the catalytic activity. In addition, the steric bulky substituent on the imine groups reduced the space around the Ti atom and then reduced LA coordination with Ti atom, thereby reducing catalytic activity. All the dinuclear Ti complexes exhibited higher catalytic activity (approximately 10-60-fold) than mononuclear L(Cl-H)-TiOPr2 did. The strategy of bridging dinuclear Ti complexes with isopropoxide groups in the ROP of LA was successful, and adjusting the crowded heptacoordinated transition state by the bridging isopropoxide groups may be the key to our successful strategy.

Hydrazine functionalized probes for chromogenic and fluorescent ratiometric sensing of pH and F-: experimental and DFT studies.

PubMed

Roy Chowdhury, Additi; Mondal, Amita; Roy, Biswajit Gopal; K, Jagadeesh C Bose; Mukhopadhyay, Sudit; Banerjee, Priyabrata

2017-11-08

Two novel hydrazine based sensors, BPPIH (N 1 ,N 3 -bis(perfluorophenyl)isophthalohydrazide) and BPBIH (N 1' ,N 3' -bis(perfluorobenzylidene)isophthalohydrazide), are presented here. BPPIH is found to be a highly sensitive pH sensor in the pH range 5.0 to 10.0 in a DMSO-water solvent mixture with a pK a value of 9.22. Interesting optical responses have been observed for BPPIH in the above mentioned pH range. BPBIH on the other hand turns out to be a less effective pH sensor in the above mentioned pH range. The increase in fluorescence intensity at a lower pH for BPPIH was explained by using density functional theory. The ability of BPPIH to monitor the pH changes inside cancer cells is a useful application of the sensor as a functional material. In addition fluoride (F - ) selectivity studies of these two chemosensors have been performed and show that between them, BPBIH shows greater selectivity towards F - . The interaction energy calculated from the DFT-D3 supports the experimental findings. The pH sensor (BPPIH) can be further interfaced with suitable circuitry interfaced with desired programming for ease of access and enhancement of practical applications.

(E)-1-(2,4-Di­nitro­phen­yl)-2-(3-eth­oxy-4-hy­droxy­benzyl­idene)hydrazine

PubMed Central

Fun, Hoong-Kun; Chantrapromma, Suchada; Ruanwas, Pumsak; Kobkeatthawin, Thawanrat; Chidan Kumar, C. S.

2014-01-01

The mol­ecule of the title hydrazine derivative, C15H14N4O6, is essentially planar, the dihedral angle between the substituted benzene rings being 2.25 (9)°. The eth­oxy and hy­droxy groups are almost coplanar with their bound benzene ring [r.m.s. deviation = 0.0153 (2) Å for the ten non-H atoms]. Intra­molecular N—H⋯O and O—H⋯Oeth­oxy hydrogen bonds generate S(6) and S(5) ring motifs, respectively. In the crystal, mol­ecules are linked by O—H⋯Onitro hydrogen bonds into chains propagating in [010]. Weak aromatic π–π inter­actions, with centroid–centroid distances of 3.8192 (19) and 4.0491 (19) Å, are also observed. PMID:24527018

The crystal structure of a new ferrocenyl P,N ligand: 1-[(2,2-di-methyl-hydrazin-1-yl-idene)meth-yl]-1'-(di-phenyl-phospho-rothio-yl)ferrocene.

PubMed

Mouas, Toma Nardjes; Daran, Jean-Claude; Merazig, Hocine; Manoury, Eric

2018-02-01

The asymmetric unit of the title compound, [Fe(C 8 H 11 N 2 )(C 17 H 14 PS)], contains two independent mol-ecules ( A and B ) with very similar conformations. Each mol-ecule is built up from a ferrocene unit substituted in the 1 and 1' positions by a protected sulfur di-phenyl-phosphine and by a di-methyl-hydrazine, -C(H)=N-N(CH 3 ) 2 , fragment. The two independent mol-ecules are linked by a C-H⋯N hydrogen bond. In the crystal, the A - B dimer is linked by a pair of C-H⋯S hydrogen bonds, forming a centrosymmetric four-mol-ecule arrangement. These units are linked by C-H⋯π inter-actions, forming a supra-molecular three-dimensional structure.

ZnO nanorods/ZnS.(1,6-hexanediamine)0.5 hybrid nanoplates hierarchical heteroarchitecture with improved electrochemical catalytic properties for hydrazine

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wu, Zhengcui; Wu, Yaqin; Pei, Tonghui; Wang, Huan; Geng, Baoyou

2014-02-01

Novel hierarchical heteronanostructures of ZnO nanorods/ZnS.(HDA)0.5 (HDA = 1,6-hexanediamine) hybrid nanoplates on a zinc substrate are successfully synthesized on a large scale by combining hydrothermal growth (for ZnO nanorods) and liquid chemical conversion (for ZnS.(HDA)0.5 nanoplates) techniques. The formation of ZnS.(HDA)0.5 hybrid nanoplates branches takes advantage of the preferential binding of 1,6-hexanediamine on specific facets of ZnS, which makes the thickening rate much lower than the lateral growth rate. The ZnS.(HDA)0.5 hybrid nanoplates have a layered structure with 1,6-hexanediamine inserted into interlayers of wurtzite ZnS through the bonding of nitrogen. The number density and thickness of the secondary ZnS.(HDA)0.5 nanoplates can be conveniently engineered by variation of the sulfur source and straightforward adjustment of reactant concentrations such as 1,6-hexanediamine and the sulfur source. The fabricated ZnO/ZnS.(HDA)0.5 heteronanostructures show improved electrochemical catalytic properties for hydrazine compared with the primary ZnO nanorods. Due to its simplicity and efficiency, this approach could be similarly used to fabricate varieties of hybrid heterostructures made of materials with an intrinsic large lattice mismatch.Novel hierarchical heteronanostructures of ZnO nanorods/ZnS.(HDA)0.5 (HDA = 1,6-hexanediamine) hybrid nanoplates on a zinc substrate are successfully synthesized on a large scale by combining hydrothermal growth (for ZnO nanorods) and liquid chemical conversion (for ZnS.(HDA)0.5 nanoplates) techniques. The formation of ZnS.(HDA)0.5 hybrid nanoplates branches takes advantage of the preferential binding of 1,6-hexanediamine on specific facets of ZnS, which makes the thickening rate much lower than the lateral growth rate. The ZnS.(HDA)0.5 hybrid nanoplates have a layered structure with 1,6-hexanediamine inserted into interlayers of wurtzite ZnS through the bonding of nitrogen. The number density and thickness of the

Determination of the molecular structure of tetrakis(trimethylsilyl)hydrazine, N 2(SiMe 3) 4, in the gas phase by electron diffraction

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Brain, Paul T.; Irving, Iain A.; Rankin, David W. H.; Robertson, Heather E.; Leung, Wing-Por; Bühl, Michael

1997-09-01

The gas-phase molecular structure of tetrakis(trimethylsily)hydrazine, N 2(SiMe 3) 4, in the gas phase has been determined by electron diffraction. The skeleton consists of two planar NSi 2 fragments which are not coplanar, but twisted 86.9(38)° relative to one another. This conformation, combined with the arrangements of the trimethylsilyl groups, gives the molecule overall D2 symmetry, and ensures that there are no major steric interactions between the groups. Ab initio calculations at the {SCF}/{6-31 G∗ } level confirm that D2 symmetry is favoured. The bond lengths ( ra) of 143.3(16) pm for NN. 175.9(5) pm for SiN and 187.5(2) pm for SiC, and the SiNSi and CSiC angles of 124.1(15)° and 108.8(7) respectively, also indicate that this is not a severely strained molecule, although the SiN distance is quite long, being comparable to that observed in N(SiMe 3) 3.

Mechanistic insight into the hydrazine decomposition on Rh(111): effect of reaction intermediate on catalytic activity.

PubMed

Deng, Zhigang; Lu, Xiaoqing; Wen, Zengqiang; Wei, Shuxian; Liu, Yunjie; Fu, Dianling; Zhao, Lianming; Guo, Wenyue

2013-10-14

Periodic density functional theory (DFT) calculations have been performed to systematically investigate the effect of reaction intermediate on catalytic activity for hydrazine (N2H4) decomposition on Rh(111). Reaction mechanisms via intramolecular and NH2-assisted N2H4 decompositions are comparatively analyzed, including adsorption configuration, reaction energy and barrier of elementary step, and reaction network. Our results show that the most favorable N2H4 decomposition pathway starts with the initial N-N bond scission to the NH2 intermediate, followed by stepwise H stripping from adsorbed N2Hx (x = 1-4) species, and finally forms the N2 and NH3 products. Comparatively, the stepwise intramolecular dehydrogenation via N2H4→ N2H3→ N2H2→ N2H → N2, and N2H4→ NH2→ NH → N with or without NH2 promotion effect, are unfavorable due to higher energy barriers encountered. Energy barrier analysis, reaction rate constants, and electronic structures are used to identify the crucial competitive route. The promotion effect of the NH2 intermediate is structurally reflected in the weakening of the N-H bond and strengthening of the N-N bond in N2Hx in the coadsorption system; it results intrinsically from the less structural deformation of the adsorbate, and weakening of the interaction between dehydrogenated fragment and departing H in transition state. Our results highlight the crucial effect of reaction intermediate on catalytic activity and provide a theoretical approach to analyze the effect.

Non-adiabatic behavior in the homolytic and heterolytic bond dissociation of protonated hydrazine: A guided ion beam and theoretical investigation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

McNary, Christopher P.; Armentrout, P. B.

2017-09-01

Threshold collision-induced dissociation using a guided ion beam tandem mass spectrometer was performed on protonated hydrazine and its perdeuterated variant. The dominant dissociation pathways observed were endothermic homolytic and heterolytic cleavages of the N-N bond. The data were analyzed using a statistical model after accounting for internal and kinetic energy distributions, multiple collisions, and kinetic shifts to obtain 0 K bond dissociation energies. Comparison with literature thermochemistry demonstrates that both channels behave non-adiabatically. Heterolytic bond cleavage yields NH2+ + NH3 products, but the NH2+ fragment is in the spin-restricted excited 1A1 state and not in the spin-forbidden ground 3B1 state, whereas homolytic bond cleavage leads to dissociation to the NH3+ + NH2 product asymptote with NH2 in its excited 2A1 state rather than the energetically favored 2B1 state. The rationale for the non-adiabatic behavior observed in the homolytic bond cleavage is revealed by detailed theoretical calculations of the relevant potential energy surfaces and the relevant occupied valence molecular orbitals. These calculations suggest that the non-adiabatic behavior results from conservation of the σ and π character of the binding and lone pair electrons on the nitrogen atoms.

Study of monopropellants for electrothermal thrusters: Analytical task summary report

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Kuenzly, J. D.; Grabbi, R.

1973-01-01

The feasibility of operating small thrust level electrothermal thrusters is determined with monopropellants other than MIL-grade hydrazine. The work scope includes analytical study, design and fabrication of demonstration thrusters, and an evaluation test program where monopropellants with freezing points lower than MIL-grade hydrazine are evaluated and characterized to determine their applicability to electrothermal thrusters for spacecraft attitude control. Results of propellant chemistry studies and performance analyses indicated that the most promising candidate monopropellants to be investigated are monomethylhydrazine, Aerozine-50, 77% hydrazine-23% hydrazine azide blend, and TRW formulated mixed hydrazine monopropellant (MHM) consisting of 35% hydrazine-50% monomethylhydrazine-15% ammonia.

In-Doped ZnO Hexagonal Stepped Nanorods and Nanodisks as Potential Scaffold for Highly-Sensitive Phenyl Hydrazine Chemical Sensors.

PubMed

Umar, Ahmad; Kim, Sang Hoon; Kumar, Rajesh; Al-Assiri, Mohammad S; Al-Salami, A E; Ibrahim, Ahmed A; Baskoutas, Sotirios

2017-11-21

Herein, we report the growth of In-doped ZnO (IZO) nanomaterials, i.e., stepped hexagonal nanorods and nanodisks by the thermal evaporation process using metallic zinc and indium powders in the presence of oxygen. The as-grown IZO nanomaterials were investigated by several techniques in order to examine their morphological, structural, compositional and optical properties. The detailed investigations confirmed that the grown nanomaterials, i.e., nanorods and nanodisks possess well-crystallinity with wurtzite hexagonal phase and grown in high density. The room-temperature PL spectra exhibited a suppressed UV emissions with strong green emissions for both In-doped ZnO nanomaterials, i.e., nanorods and nanodisks. From an application point of view, the grown IZO nanomaterials were used as a potential scaffold to fabricate sensitive phenyl hydrazine chemical sensors based on the I-V technique. The observed sensitivities of the fabricated sensors based on IZO nanorods and nanodisks were 70.43 μA·mM -1 cm -2 and 130.18 μA·mM -1 cm -2 , respectively. For both the fabricated sensors, the experimental detection limit was 0.5 μM, while the linear range was 0.5 μM-5.0 mM. The observed results revealed that the simply grown IZO nanomaterials could efficiently be used to fabricate highly sensitive chemical sensors.

Torsion-wagging tunneling and vibrational states in hydrazine determined from its ab initio potential energy surface

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Łodyga, Wiesław; Makarewicz, Jan

2012-05-01

Geometries, anharmonic vibrations, and torsion-wagging (TW) multiplets of hydrazine and its deuterated species are studied using high-level ab initio methods employing the second-order Møller-Plesset perturbation theory (MP2) as well as the coupled cluster singles and doubles model including connected triple corrections, CCSD(T), in conjunction with extended basis sets containing diffuse and core functions. To describe the splitting patterns caused by tunneling in TW states, the 3D potential energy surface (PES) for the large-amplitude TW modes is constructed. Stationary points in the 3D PES, including equivalent local minima and saddle points are characterized. Using this 3D PES, a flexible Hamiltonian is built numerically and then employed to solve the vibrational problem for TW coupled motion. The calculated ground state rav structure is expected to be more reliable than the experimental one that has been determined using a simplified structural model. The calculated fundamental frequencies allowed resolution of the assignment problems discussed earlier in the literature. The determined energy barriers, including the contributions from the small-amplitude vibrations, to the tunneling of the symmetric and antisymmetric wagging mode of 1997 cm-1 and 3454 cm-1, respectively, are in reasonable agreement with the empirical estimates of 2072 cm-1 and 3312 cm-1, respectively [W. Łodyga et al. J. Mol. Spectrosc. 183, 374 (1997), 10.1006/jmsp.1997.7271]. However, the empirical torsion barrier of 934 cm-1 appears to be overestimated. The ab initio calculations yield two torsion barriers: cis and trans of 744 cm-1 and 2706 cm-1, respectively. The multiplets of the excited torsion states are predicted from the refined 3D PES.

ZnO nanorods/ZnS·(1,6-hexanediamine)(0.5) hybrid nanoplates hierarchical heteroarchitecture with improved electrochemical catalytic properties for hydrazine.

PubMed

Wu, Zhengcui; Wu, Yaqin; Pei, Tonghui; Wang, Huan; Geng, Baoyou

2014-03-07

Novel hierarchical heteronanostructures of ZnO nanorods/ZnS·(HDA)0.5 (HDA = 1,6-hexanediamine) hybrid nanoplates on a zinc substrate are successfully synthesized on a large scale by combining hydrothermal growth (for ZnO nanorods) and liquid chemical conversion (for ZnS·(HDA)0.5 nanoplates) techniques. The formation of ZnS·(HDA)0.5 hybrid nanoplates branches takes advantage of the preferential binding of 1,6-hexanediamine on specific facets of ZnS, which makes the thickening rate much lower than the lateral growth rate. The ZnS·(HDA)0.5 hybrid nanoplates have a layered structure with 1,6-hexanediamine inserted into interlayers of wurtzite ZnS through the bonding of nitrogen. The number density and thickness of the secondary ZnS·(HDA)0.5 nanoplates can be conveniently engineered by variation of the sulfur source and straightforward adjustment of reactant concentrations such as 1,6-hexanediamine and the sulfur source. The fabricated ZnO/ZnS·(HDA)0.5 heteronanostructures show improved electrochemical catalytic properties for hydrazine compared with the primary ZnO nanorods. Due to its simplicity and efficiency, this approach could be similarly used to fabricate varieties of hybrid heterostructures made of materials with an intrinsic large lattice mismatch.

Preparation of CuO/NiO composite nanofibers by electrospinning and their application for electro-catalytic oxidation of hydrazine

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hosseini, Sayed Reza; Ghasemi, Shahram; Kamali-Rousta, Mina

2017-03-01

In present work, polyvinyl alcohol/copper acetate-nickel acetate composite nanofibers (PVA/Cu(OAc)2-Ni(OAc)2 NFs) with various weight percentages of Cu(OAc)2:Ni(OAc)2 such as 25:75, 50:50 and 75:25 are fabricated by electrospinning method. After this, the CuO/NiO composite NFs are produced after thermal treatment. A calcination temperature at about 600 °C is determined by thermal gravimetric analysis. Field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) for morphology characterization indicates that large quantities of the prepared PVA/Cu(OAc)2-Ni(OAc)2 composite fibers have smooth and bead-free surfaces. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, FE-SEM and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy are used to characterize the CuO/NiO composites. According to FE-SEM results, with increasing of Cu(OAc)2 content in polymeric solution, the fibers don't remain as continuous structures after calcination and accumulate in the form of nanoparticles. Also, a carbon paste electrode (CPE) bulky modified with CuO/NiO composites is used for investigation of the electro-catalytic oxidation of hydrazine hydrate in NaOH solution. The catalytic activities of the synthesized catalysts are studied through cyclic voltammetry, chronoamperometry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The obtained results demonstrate that the most appropriate proportion of Cu(OAc)2:Ni(OAc)2 in electrospinning solution to enhance the electro-catalytic ability is 25:75.

Synthesis of t-butyl 2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)hydrazine carboxylate: Experimental and theoretical investigations of its properties

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bhat, Muzzaffar A.; Lone, Shabir H.; Mir, Muzzaffar A.; Majid, Sheikh A.; Bhat, Haroon Mohi-ud-din; Butcher, Raymond J.; Srivastava, Sanjay K.

2018-07-01

A convenient and facile synthesis of t-butyl-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)hydrazine carboxylate (1) was accomplished by refluxing t-butyl carbazate with an appropriate aldehyde in ethanol. The resulting compound was characterized using spectral data analysis augmented by X-ray. Single crystal analysis depicted that compound 1 crystallizes in a monoclinic crystal system with P 21/c space group having trans-geometry at the Cdbnd N bond. The structural and electronic properties of the title compound have been calculated using DFT/B3LYP/6-311G (d,p) level of theory. Theoretically obtained parameters were well compared to the experimentally obtained results which depicted excellent agreement. Molecular electrostatic potential surface, frontier orbital analysis and vibrational analysis were also carried out. HOMO-LUMO energy gap was calculated which allowed the calculation of relative reactivity descriptors like chemical hardness, chemical inertness, chemical potential, nucleophilicity and electrophilicity index of the synthesized product. Pass prediction was carried out which revealed that compound 1 can be highly active against Mcl-1 enzyme, with Pa of 0.544. Based on Pass, molecular docking of compound 1 was carried out against Mcl-1 protein. Compound 1 displayed a binding free energy of -5.22 kcal/mol and inhibition constant of 149.06 μM and 1 depicted only alkyl hydrophobic and mixed pi/alkyl hydrophobic interactions with Mcl-1 enzyme. In short, this study reveals the synthesis of a new schiff base, and unravels the structural, electronic and biological properties of the title compound, paving way for further research in the field of drug development.

New PCR primers targeting hydrazine synthase and cytochrome c biogenesis proteins in anammox bacteria.

PubMed

Zhou, Zhichao; Chen, Jing; Meng, Han; Dvornyk, Volodymyr; Gu, Ji-Dong

2017-02-01

PCR primers targeting genes encoding the two proteins of anammox bacteria, hydrazine synthase and cytochrome c biogenesis protein, were designed and tested in this study. Three different ecotypes of samples, namely ocean sediments, coastal wetland sediments, and wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) samples, were used to assess the primer efficiency and the community structures of anammox bacteria retrieved by 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and the functional genes. Abundances of hzsB gene of anammox bacteria in South China Sea (SCS) samples were significantly correlated with 16S rRNA gene by qPCR method. And hzsB and hzsC gene primer pair hzsB364f-hzsB640r and hzsC745f-hzsC862r in combination with anammox bacterial 16S rRNA gene primers were recommended for quantifying anammox bacteria. Congruent with 16S rRNA gene-based community study, functional gene hzsB could also delineate the coastal-ocean distributing pattern, and seawater depth was positively associated with the diversity and abundance of anammox bacteria from shallow- to deep-sea. Both hzsC and ccsA genes could differentiate marine samples between deep and shallow groups of the Scalindua sp. clades. As for WWTP samples, non-Scalindua anammox bacteria reflected by hzsB, hzsC, ccsA, and ccsB gene-based libraries showed a similar distribution pattern with that by 16S rRNA gene. NH 4 + and NH 4 + /Σ(NO 3 - + NO 2 - ) positively correlated with anammox bacteria gene diversity, but organic matter contents correlated negatively with anammox bacteria gene diversity in SCS. Salinity was positively associated with diversity indices of hzsC and ccsB gene-harboring anammox bacteria communities and could potentially differentiate the distribution patterns between shallow- and deep-sea sediment samples. SCS surface sediments harbored considerably diverse community of Scalindua. A new Mai Po clade representing coastal estuary wetland anammox bacteria group based on 16S rRNA gene phylogeny is proposed. Existence of anammox

Synthesis, spectroscopic, anticancer, antibacterial and antifungal studies of Ni(II) and Cu(II) complexes with hydrazine carboxamide, 2-[3-methyl-2-thienyl methylene

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chandra, Sulekh; Vandana; Kumar, Suresh

2015-01-01

Schiff's base ligand(L) hydrazine carboxamide, 2-[3-methyl-2-thienyl methylene] and its metal complexes have been synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, molar conductance, various spectroscopic techniques such as electronic, IR, 1H NMR, mass, EPR. Molar conductance of complexes in DMF solution corresponds to non-electrolyte. Complexes have general composition [M(L)2X2], where M = Ni(II) and Cu(II), X = Cl-, NO3-, CH3COO- and ½SO42-. On the basis of above spectral studies, an octahedral geometry has been assigned for Ni(II) complexes and tetragonal geometry for Cu(II) complexes except [Cu(L)2SO4] which possesses five coordinated trigonal bipyramidal geometry. These metal complexes were also tested for their anticancer, antibacterial and antifungal activities to assess their inhibition potential. Anticancer activity of ligand and its metal complexes were evaluated using SRB fluorometric assay and Adriamycin (ADR) was applied as positive control. Schiff's base ligand and its metal complexes were screened for their antibacterial and antifungal activity against Escherichia coli, Bacillus cereus and Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, respectively. Kirby-Bauer single disk susceptibility test was used for antibacterial activity and well diffusion method for antifungal activity of the compounds on the used fungi.

Luminescent detection of hydrazine and hydrazine derivatives

DOEpatents

Swager, Timothy M [Newton, MA; Thomas, III, Samuel W.

2012-04-17

The present invention generally relates to methods for modulating the optical properties of a luminescent polymer via interaction with a species (e.g., an analyte). In some cases, the present invention provides methods for determination of an analyte by monitoring a change in an optical signal of a luminescent polymer upon exposure to an analyte. Methods of the present invention may be useful for the vapor phase detection of analytes such as explosives and toxins. The present invention also provides methods for increasing the luminescence intensity of a polymer, such as a polymer that has been photobleached, by exposing the luminescent polymer to a species such as a reducing agent.

A Comparison of Two Different Approaches to Hydrazine Loading of Spacecraft: The Use of SCAPE and Alternative Approaches

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Houseman, John; Patzold, Jack D.; Jackson, Julie R.; Brown, Pamela R.

1999-01-01

The loading of spacecraft with Hydrazine type fuels has long been recognized as a hazardous operation. This has led to safety strategies that include the use of SCAPE protective suits for personnel. The use of SCAPE suits have an excellent safety record, however there are associated drawbacks. Drawbacks include the high cost of maintaining and cleaning the suits, reduced mobility and dexterity when wearing the suits, the requirement for extensive specialized health and safety training, and the need to rotate personnel every two hours. A study was undertaken to look at procedures and/or equipment to eliminate or reduce the time spent in SCAPE-type operations. The major conclusions are drawn from observations of the loading of the JPL/NASA spacecraft Deep Space One (DS1) at KSC and the loading of a commercial communications satellite by Motorola at Vandenberg AF Base. The DS1 operations require extensive use of SCAPE suits, while the Motorola operation uses only SPLASH attire with a two-man team on standby in SCAPE. The Motorola team used very different loading equipment and procedures based on an integrated approach involving the propellant supplier. Overall, the Motorola approach was very clean, much faster and simpler than the DS1 procedure. The DS1 spacecraft used a bladder in the propellant tank, whereas the Motorola spacecraft used a Propellant Management Device (PMD). The Motorola approach cannot be used for tanks with bladders. To overcome this problem, some new procedures and new equipment are proposed to enable tanks with bladders to be loaded without using SCAPE, using a modified Motorola approach. Overall, it appears feasible to adopt the non-SCAPE approach while maintaining a very high degree of safety and reliability.

A combined experimental and DFT study of a novel unsymmetrical azine 2-(4-methoxybenzylidene)-1-(1-(4-isobutylphenyl) ethylidene) hydrazine

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Vijaya, P.; Sankaran, K. R.

2015-03-01

A novel unsymmetrical azine 2-(4-methoxybenzylidene)-1-(1-(4-isobutylphenyl) ethylidene) hydrazine (UA) was prepared and characterized by IR, 1H and 13C NMR spectral studies. A 2D - potential energy scan (PES) of p-isobutylacetophenone (IBAP) was the portal to the conformational analysis of UA by density functional theory (DFT) methods using 6-31G(d,p) basis set by Gaussian 03 program. The theoretical IR frequencies were found to be in good agreement with the experimental values. The IR frequencies of UA were analyzed by means of Potential energy Distribution (PED %) calculation using Vibrational Energy Distribution Analysis (VEDA 4) program. The experimental NMR chemical shift values of UA were compared with the theoretical values obtained by DFT method. Nonlinear optical behavior of the unsymmetrical azine is also examined by the theoretically predicted values of dipole moment (μ), polarizability (α0) and first hyperpolarizability (βtot). Stability of the UA molecule has been analyzed using NBO analysis. The electrochemistry of UA studied experimentally by cyclic voltammetry is complemented by the computational analysis of the anionic form of the molecule UA. The determination of various global and local reactivity descriptors in the context of chemical reactivity is also performed and the electrophilicity at the vital atomic sites in UA is revealed. Bader's Atoms in molecules (AIM) theory of UA indicated the presence of intramolecular hydrogen bonding in the molecule. The molecular electrostatic potential (MEP) and HOMO-LUMO orbital analysis are also performed for the molecule UA.

A combined experimental and DFT study of a novel unsymmetrical azine 2-(4-methoxybenzylidene)-1-(1-(4-isobutylphenyl) ethylidene) hydrazine.

PubMed

Vijaya, P; Sankaran, K R

2015-03-05

A novel unsymmetrical azine 2-(4-methoxybenzylidene)-1-(1-(4-isobutylphenyl) ethylidene) hydrazine (UA) was prepared and characterized by IR, (1)H and (13)C NMR spectral studies. A 2D - potential energy scan (PES) of p-isobutylacetophenone (IBAP) was the portal to the conformational analysis of UA by density functional theory (DFT) methods using 6-31G(d,p) basis set by Gaussian 03 program. The theoretical IR frequencies were found to be in good agreement with the experimental values. The IR frequencies of UA were analyzed by means of Potential energy Distribution (PED %) calculation using Vibrational Energy Distribution Analysis (VEDA 4) program. The experimental NMR chemical shift values of UA were compared with the theoretical values obtained by DFT method. Nonlinear optical behavior of the unsymmetrical azine is also examined by the theoretically predicted values of dipole moment (μ), polarizability (α0) and first hyperpolarizability (βtot). Stability of the UA molecule has been analyzed using NBO analysis. The electrochemistry of UA studied experimentally by cyclic voltammetry is complemented by the computational analysis of the anionic form of the molecule UA. The determination of various global and local reactivity descriptors in the context of chemical reactivity is also performed and the electrophilicity at the vital atomic sites in UA is revealed. Bader's Atoms in molecules (AIM) theory of UA indicated the presence of intramolecular hydrogen bonding in the molecule. The molecular electrostatic potential (MEP) and HOMO-LUMO orbital analysis are also performed for the molecule UA. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Photoresponse and DFT studies of new synthesized 2-benzylidene-3-hydroxy -1-(5,6-diphenyl-1,2,4-triazine-3-yl)hydrazine and optical sensor application

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Taha, A.; Farag, A. A. M.; Adly, O. M. I.; Roushdy, N.; Shebl, Magdy; Ahmed, H. M.

2017-08-01

A newly Schiff base,2-benzylidene-3-hydroxy-1-(5,6-diphenyl-1,2,4-triazine-3-yl)hydrazine] (HBDHT) was synthesized and characterized on the basis of micro-analytical and spectroscopic studies. Basic parameters of the combined compound HBDHT were ascertained on the premise of DFT level actualized on Gaussian 09. Thin films of HBDHT were successfully prepared by spin coating technique and confirmed by atomic force microscopy (AFM). The optical attributes of the studied films were considered utilizing spectrophotometric estimations in a wide spectral range of 200-2500 nm. Some important optical parameters such as extinction index, refractive index, dispersion energy, oscillator energy and high-frequency dielectric constant were extracted. Analysis of the absorption coefficient near the fundamental absorption edge confirms an indirectly allowed transition with an energy gap of 1.7eV. The refractive index dispersion was estimated on basis of single oscillator model expressed by Wemple-Didomenico. Current-voltage (I-V) characteristics were studied in dark and under illumination of 100 mW/cm2 to clarify the sensitivity to light. Moreover, the photo-transient properties were also investigated to confirm that the prepared heterojunction based HBDHT can be operated as a photodiode.

Trajectory correction propulsion for TOPS

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Long, H. R.; Bjorklund, R. A.

1972-01-01

A blowdown-pressurized hydrazine propulsion system was selected to provide trajectory correction impulse for outer planet flyby spacecraft as the result of cost/mass/reliability tradeoff analyses. Present hydrazine component and system technology and component designs were evaluated for application to the Thermoelectric Outer Planet Spacecraft (TOPS); while general hydrazine technology was adequate, component design changes were deemed necessary for TOPS-type missions. A prototype hydrazine propulsion system was fabricated and fired nine times for a total of 1600 s to demonstrate the operation and performance of the TOPS propulsion configuration. A flight-weight trajectory correction propulsion subsystem (TCPS) was designed for the TOPS based on actual and estimated advanced components.

Propellant material compatibility program and results

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Toth, L. R.; Cannon, W. A.; Coulbert, C. D.; Long, H. R.

1976-01-01

The effects of long-term (up to 10 years) contact of inert materials with earth-storable propellants were studied for the purpose of designing chemical propulsion system components that can be used for current as well as future planetary spacecraft. The primary experimental work, and results to date are reported. Investigations include the following propellants: hydrazine, hydrazine-hydrazine nitrate blends, monomethyl-hydrazine, and nitrogen tetroxide. Materials include: aluminum alloys, corrosion-resistant steels, and titanium alloys. More than 700 test specimen capsules were placed in long-term storage testing at 43 C in the special material compatibility facility. Material ratings relative to the 10-year requirement have been assigned.

Environmental Quality Research, Use of Unicellular Algae for Evaluation of Potential Aquatic Contaminants

DTIC Science & Technology

1978-11-01

bioassays to determine the toxic and/or biostimulating effects of hydrazine and methylated hydrazines in various freshwater and marine aquatic environments...Table 2. TABLE 2 COMPOUNDS TESTED AND TEST CONDITIONS OF 1976/77 BIOASSAYS COMPOUND TEST CONDITIONS Type of Water Nutrient Level Hydrazine Freshwater ...AMRL-TR-78-86 ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY RESEARCH, USE OF UNICELLULAR ALGAE FOR EVALUATION OF POTENTIAL AQUATIC CONTAMINANTS Third Annual Report JAN

Inflight performance of the Ulysses reaction control system

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

McGarry, Andrew; Berry, William; Parker, David

1997-01-01

The Ulysses spacecraft has been exploring the heliosphere since October 1990 in a six-year polar orbit. Despite varying operational demands, the pressure-fed monopropellant hydrazine reaction control system (RCS) has experienced few problems. The observed anomalies, having minimal operational impact, include plume impingement effects, electrical power overload effects and hydrazine gas generation effects. These anomalies are presented and discussed, with emphasis on the first observation of gas in the hydrazine propellant. The relatively low gas generation rate is attributed to: the use of high purity hydrazine; the configuration of the spin-stabilized spacecraft; the extensive use of titanium alloys; and the efficiency of the thermal control of the propellant tank which maintains a temperature of 21 C.

The crystal structure of a new ferrocenyl P,N ligand: 1-[(2,2-di­methyl­hydrazin-1-yl­idene)meth­yl]-1′-(di­phenyl­phospho­rothio­yl)ferrocene

PubMed Central

Mouas, Toma Nardjes; Daran, Jean-Claude; Merazig, Hocine

2018-01-01

The asymmetric unit of the title compound, [Fe(C8H11N2)(C17H14PS)], contains two independent mol­ecules (A and B) with very similar conformations. Each mol­ecule is built up from a ferrocene unit substituted in the 1 and 1′ positions by a protected sulfur di­phenyl­phosphine and by a di­methyl­hydrazine, –C(H)=N—N(CH3)2, fragment. The two independent mol­ecules are linked by a C—H⋯N hydrogen bond. In the crystal, the A–B dimer is linked by a pair of C—H⋯S hydrogen bonds, forming a centrosymmetric four-mol­ecule arrangement. These units are linked by C—H⋯π inter­actions, forming a supra­molecular three-dimensional structure. PMID:29850039

Tuning the field distribution and fabrication of an Al@ZnO core-shell nanostructure for a SPR-based fiber optic phenyl hydrazine sensor.

PubMed

Tabassum, Rana; Kaur, Parvinder; Gupta, Banshi D

2016-05-27

We report the fabrication and characterization of a surface plasmon resonance (SPR)-based fiber optic sensor that uses coatings of silver and aluminum (Al)-zinc oxide (ZnO) core-shell nanostructure (Al@ZnO) for the detection of phenyl hydrazine (Ph-Hyd). To optimize the volume fraction (f) of Al in ZnO and the thickness of the core-shell nanostructure layer (d), the electric field intensity along the normal to the multilayer system is simulated using the two-dimensional multilayer matrix method. The Al@ZnO core-shell nanostructure is prepared using the laser ablation technique. Various probes are fabricated with different values of f and an optimized thickness of core-shell nanostructure for the characterization of the Ph-Hyd sensor. The performance of the Ph-Hyd sensor is evaluated in terms of sensitivity. It is found that the Ag/Al@ZnO nanostructure core-shell-coated SPR probe with f = 0.25 and d = 0.040 μm possesses the maximum sensitivity towards Ph-Hyd. These results are in agreement with the simulated ones obtained using electric field intensity. In addition, the performance of the proposed probe is compared with that of probes coated with (i) Al@ZnO nanocomposite, (ii) Al nanoparticles and (iii) ZnO nanoparticles. It is found that the probe coated with an Al@ZnO core-shell nanostructure shows the largest resonance wavelength shift. The detailed mechanism of the sensing (involving chemical reactions) is presented. The sensor also manifests optimum performance at pH 7.

Determination of hydrazine in drinking water: Development and multivariate optimization of a rapid and simple solid phase microextraction-gas chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry protocol.

PubMed

Gionfriddo, Emanuela; Naccarato, Attilio; Sindona, Giovanni; Tagarelli, Antonio

2014-07-04

In this work, the capabilities of solid phase microextraction were exploited in a fully optimized SPME-GC-QqQ-MS analytical approach for hydrazine assay. A rapid and easy method was obtained by a simple derivatization reaction with propyl chloroformate and pyridine carried out directly in water samples, followed by automated SPME analysis in the same vial without further sample handling. The affinity of the different derivatized compounds obtained towards five commercially available SPME coatings was evaluated, in order to achieve the best extraction efficiency. GC analyses were carried out using a GC-QqQ-MS instrument in selected reaction monitoring (SRM) acquisition mode which has allowed the achievement of high specificity by selecting appropriate precursor-product ion couples improving the capability in analyte identification. The multivariate approach of experimental design was crucial in order to optimize derivatization reaction, SPME process and tandem mass spectrometry parameters. Accuracy of the proposed protocol, tested at 60, 200 and 800 ng L(-1), provided satisfactory values (114.2%, 83.6% and 98.6%, respectively), whereas precision (RSD%) at the same concentration levels were of 10.9%, 7.9% and 7.7% respectively. Limit of detection and quantification of 4.4 and 8.3 ng L(-1) were obtained. The reliable application of the proposed protocol to real drinking water samples confirmed its capability to be used as analytical tool for routine analyses. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Attitude Control Propulsion Components, Volume 2

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1974-01-01

Attitude control propulsion components are described, including hydrazine thrusters, hydrazine thruster and cold gas jet valves, and pressure and temperature transducers. Component-ordered data are presented in tabular form; the manufacturer and specific space program are included.

Experimental and theoretical studies on tautomeric structures of a newly synthesized 2,2‧(hydrazine-1,2-diylidenebis(propan-1-yl-1-ylidene))diphenol

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Karakurt, Tuncay; Cukurovali, Alaaddin; Subasi, Nuriye Tuna; Onaran, Abdurrahman; Ece, Abdulilah; Eker, Sıtkı; Kani, Ibrahim

2018-02-01

In the present study, a single crystal of a Schiff base, 2,2‧(hydrazine-1,2-diylidenebis(propan-1-yl-1-ylidene))diphenol, was synthesized. The structure of the synthesized crystal was confirmed by 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopic and X-ray diffraction analysis techniques. Experimental and theoretical studies were carried out on two tautomeric structures. It has been observed that the title compound studied can be in two different tautomeric forms, phenol-imine and keto-amine. Theoretical calculations have been performed to support experimental results. Accordingly, the geometric parameters of the compound were optimized by the density functional theory (DFT) method using the Gaussian 09 and Quantum Espresso (QE) packet program was used for periodic boundary conditions (PBC) studies. Furthermore, the compound was also tested for in vitro antifungal activity against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Alternaria solani, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici and Monilinia fructigena plant pathogens. Promising inhibition profiles were observed especially towards A. solani. Finally, molecular docking studies and post-docking procedure based on Molecular Mechanics-Generalized Born Surface Area (MM-GBSA) were also carried out to get insight into the compound's binding interactions with the potential. Although theoretical calculations showed that the phenol-imine form was more stable, keto-amine form was predicted to have better binding affinity which was concluded to result from loss of rotational entropy in phenol-imine upon binding. The results obtained here from both experimental and computational methods might serve as a potential lead in the development of novel anti-fungal agents.

Regeneration of ammonia borane from polyborazylene

DOEpatents

Sutton, Andrew; Gordon, John C; Ott, Kevin C; Burrell, Anthony K

2013-02-05

Method of producing ammonia borane, comprising providing a reagent comprising a dehydrogenated material in a suitable solvent; and combining the reagent with a reducing agent comprising hydrazine, a hydrazine derivative, or combinations thereof, in a reaction which produces a mixture comprising ammonia borane.

Design and construction of new potentiometric sensors for determination of Al3+ ion based on (Z)-2-(2-methyl benzylidene)-1-(2,4-dinitrophenyl) hydrazine.

PubMed

Mizani, F; Salmanzadeh Ardabili, S; Ganjaliab, M R; Faridbod, F; Payehghadr, M; Azmoodeh, M

2015-04-01

(Z)-2-(2-methyl benzylidene)-1-(2,4-dinitrophenyl) hydrazine (L) was used as an active component of PVC membrane electrode (PME), coated graphite electrode (CGE) and coated silver wire electrode (CWE) for sensing Al(3+) ion. The electrodes exhibited linear Nernstian responses to Al(3+) ion in the concentration range of 1.0×10(-6) to 1.0×10(-1)M (for PME, LOD=8.8×10(-7)M), 5.5×10(-7) to 2.0×10(-1)M (for CWE, LOD=3.3×10(-7)M) and 1.5×10(-7) to 1.0×10(-1)M (for CGE, LOD=9.2×10(-8)M). The best performances were observed with the membranes having the composition of L:PVC:NPOE:NaTPB in the ratio of 5:35:57:3 (w/w; mg). The electrodes have a response time of 6s and an applicable pH range of 3.5-9.1. The sensors have a lifetime of about 15weeks and exhibited excellent selectivity over a number of mono-, bi-, and tri-valent cations including alkali, alkaline earth metal, heavy and transition metal ions. Analytical utility of the proposed sensor has been further tested by using it as an indicator electrode in the potentiometric titration of Al(3+) with EDTA. The electrode was also successfully applied for the determination of Al(3+) ion in real and pharmaceutical samples. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Electrostatic Evaluation of the Propellant Handlers Ensemble

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hogue, Michael D.; Calle, Carlos I.; Buhler, Charles

2006-01-01

The Self-Contained Atmospheric Protective Ensemble (SCAPE) used in propellant handling at NASA's Kennedy Space Center (KSC) has recently completed a series of tests to determine its electrostatic properties of the coverall fabric used in the Propellant Handlers Ensemble (PHE). Understanding these electrostatic properties are fundamental to ensuring safe operations when working with flammable rocket propellants such as hydrazine, methyl hydrazine, and unsymmetrical dimethyl hydrazine. These tests include surface resistivity, charge decay, triboelectric charging, and flame incendivity. In this presentation, we will discuss the results of these tests on the current PHE as well as new fabrics and materials being evaluated for the next generation of PHE.

Hypergolic fuel detection using individual single walled carbon nanotube networks

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Desai, S. C.; Willitsford, A. H.; Sumanasekera, G. U.; Yu, M.; Tian, W. Q.; Jayanthi, C. S.; Wu, S. Y.

2010-06-01

Accurate and reliable detection of hypergolic fuels such as hydrazine (N2H4) and its derivatives is vital to missile defense, aviation, homeland security, and the chemical industry. More importantly these sensors need to be capable of operation at low temperatures (below room temperature) as most of the widely used chemical sensors operate at high temperatures (above 300 °C). In this research a simple and highly sensitive single walled carbon nanotube (SWNT) network sensor was developed for real time monitoring of hydrazine leaks to concentrations at parts per million levels. Upon exposure to hydrazine vapor, the resistance of the air exposed nanotubes (p-type) is observed to increase rapidly while that of the vacuum-degassed nanotubes (n-type) is observed to decrease. It was found that the resistance of the sample can be recovered through vacuum pumping and exposure to ultraviolet light. The experimental results support the electrochemical charge transfer mechanism between the oxygen redox couple of the ambient and the Fermi level of the SWNT. Theoretical results of the hydrazine-SWNT interaction are compared with the experimental observations. It was found that a monolayer of water molecules on the SWNT is necessary to induce strong interactions between hydrazine and the SWNT by way of introducing new occupied states near the bottom of the conduction band of the SWNT.

Monte Carlo sensitivity analysis of unknown parameters in hazardous materials transportation risk assessment.

PubMed

Pet-Armacost, J J; Sepulveda, J; Sakude, M

1999-12-01

The US Department of Transportation was interested in the risks associated with transporting Hydrazine in tanks with and without relief devices. Hydrazine is both highly toxic and flammable, as well as corrosive. Consequently, there was a conflict as to whether a relief device should be used or not. Data were not available on the impact of relief devices on release probabilities or the impact of Hydrazine on the likelihood of fires and explosions. In this paper, a Monte Carlo sensitivity analysis of the unknown parameters was used to assess the risks associated with highway transport of Hydrazine. To help determine whether or not relief devices should be used, fault trees and event trees were used to model the sequences of events that could lead to adverse consequences during transport of Hydrazine. The event probabilities in the event trees were derived as functions of the parameters whose effects were not known. The impacts of these parameters on the risk of toxic exposures, fires, and explosions were analyzed through a Monte Carlo sensitivity analysis and analyzed statistically through an analysis of variance. The analysis allowed the determination of which of the unknown parameters had a significant impact on the risks. It also provided the necessary support to a critical transportation decision even though the values of several key parameters were not known.

In-situ growth of iron-based metal-organic framework crystal on ordered mesoporous carbon for efficient electrocatalysis of p-nitrotoluene and hydrazine.

PubMed

Yuan, Shuang; Bo, Xiangjie; Guo, Liping

2018-09-18

In this paper, H 2 N-Fe-MIL-88B@OMC composites were fabricated by the simple hydrothermal method through in-situ growth iron-based metal-organic frameworks (H 2 N-Fe-MIL-88B) on ordered mesoporous carbon (OMC). Compared with pure H 2 N-Fe-MIL-88B crystals, the introduction of OMC can shrink the size of H 2 N-Fe-MIL-88B, increase the specific surface area, decrease the electron transfer resistance and drastically improve the electrochemical performance of H 2 N-Fe-MIL-88B@OMC. The composite exhibits remarkable electrocatalytic activity for p-nitrotoluene (p-NT) reduction and hydrazine (N 2 H 4 ) oxidation. Therefore, a novel electrochemical sensor based on H 2 N-Fe-MIL-88B@OMC was constructed for the efficient detection of these two environmental pollutants, respectively. Under the optimal experimental conditions, the proposed sensor displays a wide linearity range for p-NT that is composed by two line segments (20-225 μM and 225-2600 μM) and the limit of detection (LOD) is 8 μM (S/N = 3). Meanwhile, the sensor also shows a linear response to N 2 H 4 in the range of 0.006-0.061 μM and 0.061-611.111 μM with a high sensitivity of 20.1 μA/μM·cm 2 in low concentration range as well as a very low LOD as 5.3 nM (S/N = 3). And the response time of the sensor for N 2 H 4 detection is about 1 s. In addition, the proposed sensor shows satisfactory electrochemical stability, reproducibility, selectivity and practicability. H 2 N-Fe-MIL-88B@OMC may be a splendid candidate for developing electrochemical sensors to detect environmental pollutants. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Overview of reductants utilized in nuclear fuel reprocessing/recycling

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Paviet-Hartmann, P.; Riddle, C.; Campbell, K.

2013-07-01

The most widely used reductant to partition plutonium from uranium in the Purex process was ferrous sulfamate, other alternates were proposed such as hydrazine-stabilized ferrous nitrate or uranous nitrate, platinum catalyzed hydrogen, and hydrazine, hydroxylamine salts. New candidates to replace hydrazine or hydroxylamine nitrate (HAN) are pursued worldwide. They may improve the performance of the industrial Purex process towards different operations such as de-extraction of plutonium and reduction of the amount of hydrazine which will limit the formation of hydrazoic acid. When looking at future recycling technologies using hydroxamic ligands, neither acetohydroxamic acid (AHA) nor formohydroxamic acid (FHA) seem promisingmore » because they hydrolyze to give hydroxylamine and the parent carboxylic acid. Hydroxyethylhydrazine, HOC{sub 2}H{sub 4}N{sub 2}H{sub 3} (HEH) is a promising non-salt-forming reductant of Np and Pu ions because it is selective to neptunium and plutonium ions at room temperature and at relatively low acidity, it could serve as a replacement of HAN or AHA for the development of a novel used nuclear fuel recycling process.« less

Reduced Toxicity, High Performance Monopropellant at the U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hawkins, T. W.; Brand, A. J.; McKay, M. B.; Tinnirello, M.

2010-09-01

Current programs are aiming to develop reduced toxicity monopropellant formulations to replace spacecraft hydrazine monopropellant. The Air Force Research Laboratory's(AFRL's) approach to replacing hydrazine is the synthesis and development of energetic compounds/formulations with substantially less vapor toxicity and superior performance(specific impulse and density). Characterization and testing of these high energy density materials is an essential part of the screening process for viable advanced propellants. Hazardous handling characteristics, undesirable physical properties or unacceptable sensitivity behaviors must also be identified and/or modified to further development by a potential user. AFRL has successfully identified a novel monopropellant(designated AF-M315E) that shows great promise as an avenue toward replacement of hydrazine monopropellant for spacecraft propulsion. Hazard and safety/sensitivity, stability, and toxicity studies have been conducted on the monopropellant and will be described. The results from AF-M315E indicate that a >50% improvement in propulsion system performance over hydrazine is achievable while simultaneously providing a safer environment for the general public, ground personnel, crews and flight participants.

Toxicity Warning Badge

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1996-01-01

Kennedy Space Center contracted GMD Systems, Inc., now Bacharach, Inc., to design a system for monitoring personnel exposure to hydrazine and monomethyl hydrazine, two dangerous gases which ignite on contact with an oxidizer. GMD developed a reliable colorimetric gas monitoring dosimeter for NASA, then modified it to create the commercial GMD 530 Series Hydrazine Badge. The badge has two separate paper tape chemistries which change color when the gases are detected, the density of the color being in proportion to the time of exposure and amount of gas in the air. The badge is used in facilities where hypergolic fuel is produced or used in support of space vehicles, satellites, missiles, and military aircraft auxiliary power units.

Nontoxic Hydroxylammonium Nitrate (HAN) Monopropellant Propulsion

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

McKechnie, Timothy N.

2015-01-01

Nontoxic monopropellants have been developed that provide better performance than toxic hydrazine. Formulations based on HAN have superior performance as compared to hydrazine with enhanced specific impulse (Isp), higher density and volumetric impulse, lower melting point, and much lower toxicity. However, HAN-based monopropellants require higher chamber temperatures (2,083 K vs. 883 K) to combust. Current hydrazine-based combustion chamber technology (Inconel® or niobium C103 and silicide coating) and catalyst (Shell 405) are inadequate. In Phase I, state-of-the-art iridium-lined rhenium chambers and innovative new foam catalysts were demonstrated in pulse and 10-second firings. Phase II developed and tested a flight-weight thruster for an environmentally green monopropellant.

PRECIPITATION OF PLUTONOUS PEROXIDE

DOEpatents

Barrick, J.G.; Manion, J.P.

1961-08-15

A precipitation process for recovering plutonium values contained in an aqueous solution is described. In the process for precipitating plutonium as plutonous peroxide, hydroxylamine or hydrazine is added to the plutoniumcontaining solution prior to the addition of peroxide to precipitate plutonium. The addition of hydroxylamine or hydrazine increases the amount of plutonium precipitated as plutonous peroxide. (AEC)

Reactivity of pyrylium salts toward basic reactants

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Neidlein, R.; Witerzens, P.

1981-01-01

The reactivity of some N-acyl and N-sulfonyl-hydrazines 2-4, 10a-10g, 12, 13, 16a, 16b and of hydrazones 18, benzyldihydrazone 21 towards pyrylium salts 1 was examined. By reaction of 2,4,6-trimethyl-pyrylium salt 1 with substituted hydrazines some pyridinium salts were obtained. Relationships between basicity and reactivity were discussed.

IMPROVEMENT UPON THE CARRIER PRECIPITATION OF PLUTONIUM IONS FROM NITRIC ACID SOLUTIONS

DOEpatents

James, R.A.; Thompson, S.G.

1958-12-23

A process is reported for improving the removal of plutonlum by carrier precipitation by the addition of nitrite ions to a nitrlc acid solutlon of neutronirradiated unanium so as to destroy any hydrazine that may be present in the solution since the hydrazine tends to complex the tetravalent plutonium and prevents removal by the carrier precipltate, such as bismuth phospbate.

FT-IR, FT-Raman, UV, NMR spectra and molecular structure investigation of (E)-2-(3-chloropyrazin-2-yl)-1-(3-ethyl-2, 6-diphenyl piperidin-4-ylidene) hydrazine: A combined experimental and theoretical study

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Therasa Alphonsa, A.; Loganathan, C.; Athavan Alias Anand, S.; Kabilan, S.

2015-11-01

This work presents the characterization of (E)-2-(3-chloropyrazin-2-yl)-1-(3-ethyl-2, 6-diphenyl piperidin-4-ylidene) hydrazine (HDE) by quantum chemical calculations and spectral techniques. The structure was investigated by FT-IR, FT-Raman, UV-vis and NMR techniques. The geometrical parameters and energies have been obtained from Density functional theory (DFT) B3LYP (6-31G (d, p)) basis set calculations. The geometry of the molecule was fully optimized, vibrational spectra were calculated and fundamental vibrations were assigned on the basis of total energy distribution (TED) of the vibrational modes, calculated with scaled quantum mechanics (SQM) method. 1H and 13C NMR chemical shifts of the molecule were calculated using Gauge-independent atomic orbital method (GIAO). The electronic properties such as excitation energies, wavelength, HOMO, LUMO energies performed by Time dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) results complements with the experimental findings. NBO analysis has been performed for analyzing charge delocalization throughout the molecule. The calculation results were applied to simulate spectra of the title compound, which show excellent agreement with observed spectra. To provide information about the interactions between human cytochrome protein and the novel compound theoretically, docking studies were carried out using Schrödinger software.

A facile thermal decomposition route to synthesise CoFe2O4 nanostructures

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kalpanadevi, K.; Sinduja, C. R.; Manimekalai, R.

2014-01-01

The synthesis of CoFe2O4 nanoparticles has been achieved by a simple thermal decomposition method from an inorganic precursor, cobalt ferrous cinnamate hydrazinate (CoFe2(cin)3(N2H4)3) which was obtained by a novel precipitation method from the corresponding metal salts, cinnamic acid and hydrazine hydrate. The precursor was characterized by hydrazine and metal analyses, infrared spectral analysis and thermo gravimetric analysis. Under appropriate annealing, CoFe2(cin)3(N2H4)3 yielded CoFe2O4 nanoparticles, which were characterized for their size and structure using X-Ray diffraction (XRD), high resolution transmission electron microscopic (HRTEM), selected area electron diffraction (SAED) and scanning electron microscopic (SEM) techniques.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Chumakov, Yu. M.; Paholnitcaia, A. Yu.; Petrenko, P. A.

Two crystal modifications of nitrato-(2-[2-(1-pyridine-2-ylethylidene)hydrazine]-1,3-benzothiazolo) aquacopper (I and II) and two modifications of chloro-(2-[2-phenyl(pyridine-2-ylethylidene)hydrazine]-1,3-benzothiazolo) copper (III and IV) have been synthesized and studied by X-ray diffraction. In structures I and II, the copper atoms coordinate a monodeprotonated molecule of the organic ligand, nitrate ions, and a water molecule. In crystals of I, the complexes are monomeric, whereas complexes II are linked via nitrate ions to form polymeric chains. In both structures the coordination polyhedron of the copper atom can be described as a distorted tetragonal bipyramid—(4 + 1 + 1) in I and (4 + 2) in II. These coordinationmore » polyherdra have different compositions. In structures III and IV, the metal atoms coordinate a monodeprotonated (2-[2-phenyl(pyridine-2-ylethylidene)hydrazine]-1,3-benzothiazole molecule and chloride ions. In III the complex-forming ion has square-planar coordination geometry, whereas structure IV consists of centrosymmetric dimers with two bridging chlorine atoms. It was found that nitrato-(2-[2-(1-pyridine-2-ylethylidene)hydrazine]-1,3-benzothiazolo) aquacopper possesses antitumor activity.« less

Suicide inactivation of hydroxylamine oxidoreductase of Nitrosomonas europaea by organohydrazines.

PubMed

Logan, M S; Hooper, A B

1995-07-18

In the presence of a suitable electron acceptor such as mammalian cytochrome c, hydroxylamine oxidoreductase (HAO) from the chemolithotrophic bacterium Nitrosomonas europaea catalyzes the oxidation of hydroxylamine or hydrazine to nitrite or dinitrogen, respectively. Each subunit of HAO contains 7 c-hemes and a chromophore of the active site called heme P460, a c-heme bridged from a methylene carbon to a ring carbon of a tyrosine of the peptide chain. Reaction with either substrate results in reduction of several c-hemes of HAO. The reaction of organohydrazines with HAO was investigated in this work. HAO was inactivated by (phenyl-, (methyl-, or (hydroxyethyl)hydrazine. The process followed first order kinetics and was inhibited by the substrates, hydroxylamine or hydrazine. Complete loss of enzyme activity and absorbancy characteristic of native heme P460 of HAO occurred at a 1:1 ratio of phenylhydrazine and HAO. HAO was covalently derivatized by two molecules of [14C]-phenylhydrazine per subunit. Heme P460 was derivatized with high affinity, and an amino acid residue was derivatized with lower affinity. c-Hemes were not derivatized except for the partial reaction of (hydroxyethyl)hydrazine with one heme. As with hydroxylamine and hydrazine, incubation with organohydrazines resulted in reduction of c-heme of HAO. Derivatized minus native optical difference spectra of ferric or ferrous HAO revealed changes in the optical properties of heme P460 which were generally similar to shifts seen in the reaction of the heme of other hemoproteins with organohydrazines.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Environmental Quality Research. Use of Unicellular Algae for Evaluation of Potential Aquatic Contaminants

DTIC Science & Technology

1977-11-01

Potential Aquatic Contaminants." Research was conducted by the Water Resources Laboratory, School of Engineering, University of California, Irvine...hydrazine concentration is 10 PZ/Z . This level of copper is not toxic to most aquatic organisms. In oligotrophic freshwater environments hydrazine will...AMRL-TR-77-53 ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY RESEARCH Use of Unicellular Algae for Evaluation of Potential Aquatic Contaminants Second Annual Report JAN SCII

Proceedings of the Conference on Environmental Toxicology (9th), 28, 29, and 30 March 1979

DTIC Science & Technology

1979-08-01

collected on all persons by the method of saline induction. All samples were analyzed in the laboratory of Dr. Geno Saccomanno, Grand Junction, Colorado...hydrazine was labeled by 1 4 C-methyl-methionine to a greater extent than in saline -treated animals. In the current studies, young adult fasted male...METHIONINE: COMPARISON TO METHYLATION IN HYDRAZINE- AND MMH-TREATED RATS 7-Methylguanine Content Treatment (pMole/Mole Guanine) Saline 0 (None

Recent Developments in Chemically Reactive Sensors for Propellants

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Davis, Dennis D.; Mast, Dion J.; Baker, David L.; Fries, Joseph (Technical Monitor)

1999-01-01

Propellant system leaks can pose a significant hazard in aerospace operations. For example, a leak in the hydrazine supply system of the shuttle auxiliary power unit (APU) has resulted in hydrazine ignition and fire in the aft compartment of the shuttle. Sensors indicating the location of a leak could provide valuable information required for operational decisions. WSTF has developed a small, single-use sensor for detection of propellant leaks. The sensor is composed of a thermistor bead coated with a substance which is chemically reactive with the propellant. The reactive thermistor is one of a pair of closely located thermistors, the other being a reference. On exposure to the propellant, the reactive coating responds exothermically to it and increases the temperature of the coated-thermistor by several degrees. The temperature rise is sensed by a resistive bridge circuit, and an alarm is registered by data acquisition software. The concept is general and has been applied to sensors for hydrazine, monomethylhydrazine, unsym-dimethylhydrazine, ammonia, hydrogen peroxide, ethanol, and dinitrogen tetroxide. Responses of these sensors to humidity, propellant concentration, distance from the liquid leak, and ambient pressure levels arc presented. A multi-use sensor has also been developed for hydrazine based on its catalytic reactivity with noble metals.

Hydrocarbon-Seeded Ignition System for Small Spacecraft Thrusters Using Ionic Liquid Propellants

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Whitmore, Stephen A.; Merkley, Daniel P.; Eilers, Shannon D.; Taylor, Terry L.

2013-01-01

"Green" propellants based on Ionic-liquids (ILs) like Ammonium DiNitramide and Hydroxyl Ammonium Nitrate have recently been developed as reduced-hazard replacements for hydrazine. Compared to hydrazine, ILs offer up to a 50% improvement in available density-specific impulse. These materials present minimal vapor hazard at room temperature, and this property makes IL's potentially advantageous for "ride-share" launch opportunities where hazards introduced by hydrazine servicing are cost-prohibitive. Even though ILs present a reduced hazard compared to hydrazine, in crystalline form they are potentially explosive and are mixed in aqueous solutions to buffer against explosion. Unfortunately, the high water content makes IL-propellants difficult to ignite and currently a reliable "coldstart" capability does not exist. For reliable ignition, IL-propellants catalyst beds must be pre-heated to greater than 350 C before firing. The required preheat power source is substantial and presents a significant disadvantage for SmallSats where power budgets are extremely limited. Design and development of a "micro-hybrid" igniter designed to act as a "drop-in" replacement for existing IL catalyst beds is presented. The design requires significantly lower input energy and offers a smaller overall form factor. Unlike single-use "squib" pyrotechnic igniters, the system allows the gas generation cycle to be terminated and reinitiated on demand.

Hydrazine APU Starter Development.

DTIC Science & Technology

1983-06-01

electrical solenoid valve is energized. Flywheel speed is monitored independently of the drive shaft speed (rotor speed) via a photo cell mounted in the...center of the top plate. The photocell detects the passage of a black stripe that is painted on the flywheel. Stall torque is monitored with a load cell ...zi Nt1 0m < -C3C C=, * r C ~ L 13 *36 *Si 0 IP *45 a T a *z a oz *it a *t a i a-a 1381 C,3( ( C ( C rcr ~ (C~rrC .C 6v 20 c, f4- 0 *0 0 04 *0 El 06 *0b

Fuels and Lubricants for Aircraft

DTIC Science & Technology

1975-02-27

probable but fundamentally possible is the use of hydrides, i.e., compounds of hydrogen "with other elements .(boranes, hydra-zine, ammonia ), alcohols...mixtures; 24. Liquid hydrogen; 25. Nitrogen hydrides and their derivatives ( ammonia , hydrazine, amines, DMH); 26. Boron, Al, Mg, Li, Be and other metals... method . For inflammation to occur, it is necessary that th’e rate of liberation of heat due to exochermic reactions in an initially heated volume of

Interactions of Hydrazine and of Hydrazine Derivatives with Soil Constituents and with Soils

DTIC Science & Technology

1984-08-23

vigorously. After flocs which formed on addition of alkali had redissolved a homogeneous dark red solution (pH 2.0) was obtained. This solution was allowed to...collected fractions of the eluate. Scintillation techniques (Smedley, 1978), atomic absorption and radioisotopic labelling techniques (Hartmann, 1981), and...but significantly less exothermic in the cases of the alkali -earth than the alkali metals. The heat of hydration of the divalent cations is greater than

Fast Hydrazone Reactants: Electronic and Acid/Base Effects Strongly Influence Rate at Biological pH

PubMed Central

Kool, Eric T.; Park, Do-Hyoung; Crisalli, Pete

2013-01-01

Kinetics studies with structurally varied aldehydes and ketones in aqueous buffer at pH 7.4 reveal that carbonyl compounds with neighboring acid/base groups form hydrazones at accelerated rates. Similarly, tests of a hydrazine with a neighboring carboxylic acid group show that it also reacts at an accelerated rate. Rate constants for the fastest carbonyl/hydrazine combinations are 2–20 M−1sec−1, which is faster than recent strain-promoted cycloaddition reactions. PMID:24224646

Sensing strategies for toxic vapor detection

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Mottola, Horacio A.

1995-01-01

This work was motivated by the recommendations of the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) that threshold limits for hydrazine, H2N-NH2 in air be lowered from 100 to 10 parts-per-billion (ppb) concentration levels. Hydrazine is one of the high-energy propellants used in large volumes in Space Shuttle, Titan, payloads, and other aerospace operations. Since analytical methods presently available for hydrazine detection and/or determination do not satisfy such low levels of detection, the ultimate goal of this research is the development and characterization of a portable and compact chemical sensor ideally capable to detect (in real time) 1 ppb of hydrazine, continuously and reversibly. The laboratory prototype developed as part of this project is comprised of: (1) a reactor part in which H2N-NH2 reacts, generating chemiluminescence emission, with tris(2,2'-bipyridine)ruthenium(III), which is immobilized on an ion-exchange polymeric materials of a perfluorinated hydrocarbon containing sulfonate groups as exchange centers (Nafion); (2) an electrochemical three-electrode cell posed at a potential at which the immobilized ruthenium complex could be reoxidized to the 3-oxidation state (as to provide reversible and continuous detection); and (3) a low power consumption photomultiplier tube to collect and quantitatively integrate the emitted photons with the help of auxiliary electronics and readout device.

Advanced Compatibility Characterization Of AF-M315E With Spacecraft Propulsion System Materials Project

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

McClure, Mark B.; Greene, Benjamin

2014-01-01

All spacecraft require propulsion systems for thrust and maneuvering. Propulsion systems can be chemical, nuclear, electrical, cold gas or combinations thereof. Chemical propulsion has proven to be the most reliable technology since the deployment of launch vehicles. Performance, storability, and handling are three important aspects of liquid chemical propulsion. Bipropellant systems require a fuel and an oxidizer for propulsion, but monopropellants only require a fuel and a catalyst for propulsion and are therefore simpler and lighter. Hydrazine is the state of the art propellant for monopropellant systems, but has drawbacks because it is highly hazardous to human health, which requires extensive care in handling, complex ground ops due to safety and environmental considerations, and lengthy turnaround times for reusable spacecraft. All users of hydrazine monopropellant must contend with these issues and their associated costs. The development of a new monopropellant, intended to replace hydrazine, has been in progress for years. This project will apply advanced techniques to characterize the engineering properties of materials used in AF-M315E propulsion systems after propellant exposure. AF-M315E monopropellant has been selected HQ's Green Propellant Infusion Mission (GPIM) to replace toxic hydrazine for improved performance and reduce safety and health issues that will shorten reusable spacecraft turn-around time. In addition, this project will fundamentally strengthen JSC's core competency to evaluate, use and infuse liquid propellant systems.

Vandenberg Air Force Base Emission Survey.

DTIC Science & Technology

1983-01-01

1,020 gals) b. SLC-3 Hydrazine Scrubber c. SLC-4 1) West Pad - Two Aerozine-50 Tanks (11,000 gals each) (one emission point) - Unsymmetrical Dimethyl...Launch Complex (SLC)-2 1) Aerozine-50 Tank (880 gal) 2) Nitrogen Tetroxide Tank (1,020 gal) b. SLC-3 Hydrazine Scrubber c. SLC-4 1) West Pad - Two...vapors are put through a scrubber to reduce the amount of fuel vapor entering the atmosphere. Likewise, specific Oxidizer vapors are disposed of by a

R&D of Energetic Ionic Liquids

DTIC Science & Technology

2011-11-01

Ammonia 3-6 H2O balance Properties LMP-103S AF - M315E Hydrazine Ispvac,lbf sec/lbm (e = 50:1 Pc = 300 psi) 252 (theor.) 235 (del) 266...Distribution A: Public Release, Distribution unlimited. AF - M315E is US Air Force IL-Based Monopropellant •Significant physical property and performance...6 Toxicity Assessment of AF - M315E Toxicity Testing Results PROPERTY AF - M315E HYDRAZINE LD50 (rat), mg/kg 550 60 Dermal Irritation (rabbit

The Effect of Reduction Potential on the Generation of the Perylene Diimide Radical Anions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhao, Y. Z.; Li, K. X.; Ding, S. Y.; Zhu, M.; Ren, H. P.; Ma, Q.; Guo, Z.; Tian, S. P.; Zhang, H. Q.; Miao, Z. C.

2018-07-01

Perylene diimide derivatives (PDIs) with different substituents in the bay positions (Un-PDI, DFPDI and THBPDI) were chosen in this report to investigate the effect of potential on the reduction of PDIs through base (hydrazine, 1,2-ethanediamine and triethylamine)-driven keto-enol anion tautomerism. The reduction potentials (PDI/PDI•-) of these compounds determined via cyclic voltammetry are -0.51, ‒0.34, and -0.098 V for Un-PDI, DFPDI, and THBPDI, respectively. The reduction of Un-PDI, DFPDI and THBPDI by hydrazine can produce corresponding radical anions and dianions, but the volume of hydrazine added at which the radicals started to appear is different and depends on their reduction potential. The similar phenomenon was observed using 1,2-ethylenediamine and triethylamine. However, only the radical anion was obtained even in a large excess of 1,2-ethanediamine or triethylamine. Moreover, the reduction of these PDIs with different bases added in the same amount was investigated, and the correlation with their basicity was shown.

Material Compatibility with Space Storable Propellants. Design Guidebook

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Uney, P. E.; Fester, D. A.

1972-01-01

An important consideration in the design of spacecraft for interplanetary missions is the compatibility of storage materials with the propellants. Serious problems can arise because many propellants are either extremely reactive or subject to catalytic decomposition, making the selection of proper materials of construction for propellant containment and control a critical requirement for the long-life applications. To aid in selecting materials and designing and evaluating various propulsion subsystems, available information on the compatibility of spacecraft materials with propellants of interest was compiled from literature searches and personal contacts. The compatibility of both metals and nonmetals with hydrazine, monomethyl hydrazine, nitrated hydrazine, and diborance fuels and nitrogen tetroxide, fluorine, oxygen difluoride, and Flox oxidizers was surveyed. These fuels and oxidizers encompass the wide variety of problems encountered in propellant storage. As such, they present worst case situations of the propellant affecting the material and the material affecting the propellant. This includes material attack, propellant decomposition, and the formation of clogging materials.

Synthesis, properties, and NMR studies of a C8-phenylguanine modified oligonucleotide that preferentially adopts the Z DNA conformation.

PubMed

Gannett, Peter M; Heavner, Sue; Daft, Jonathan R; Shaughnessy, Kevin H; Epperson, Jon D; Greenbaum, Nancy L

2003-10-01

Carcinogenic aryl hydrazines produce C8-arylated purine adducts. The effect of these adducts on DNA conformation and their role in hydrazine carcinogenesis are unknown. Here, we describe a new synthetic route to produce these adducts that is also compatible with the synthesis of the corresponding phosphoramidites needed for oligonucleotide synthesis. Two oligonucleotides were prepared, an unmodified oligonucleotide, d((5)(')CGCGCGCGCG(3)(')), and a C8-phenylguanine modified oligonucleotide, d((5)(')CGCGCGCGCG(3)(')) (G = 8-phenylguanine). These oligonucleotides were compared using thermal denaturation, circular dichroism, NMR, and molecular modeling. The phenyl modification destabilizes the B DNA form and stabilizes the Z DNA form such that the B:Z ratio is near one under physiological conditions. In light of recent studies that show a role for Z DNA in gene expression and cell transformation, Z DNA stabilization by C8-arylguanine formation from aryl hydrazines may be relevant to their role in carcinogenesis.

Application of selection techniques to electric-propulsion options on an advanced synchronous satellite

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Holcomb, L. B.; Degrey, S. P.

1973-01-01

This paper addresses the comparison of several candidate auxiliary-propulsion systems and system combinations for an advanced synchronous satellite. Economic selection techniques, evolved at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, are used as a basis for system option comparisons. Electric auxiliary-propulsion types considered include pulsed plasma and ion bombardment, with hydrazine systems used as a state-of-the-art reference. Current as well as projected electric-propulsion system performance data are used, as well as projected hydrazine system costs resulting from NASA standardization program projections.

Design and Implementation of the MSL Cruise Propulsion Tank Heaters

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Krylo, Robert; Mikhaylov, Rebecca; Cucullu, Gordon; Watkins, Brenda

2008-01-01

This slide presentation reviews the design and the implementation of the heaters for the Mars Science Laboratory (MSL). The pressurized tanks store hydrazine that freezes at 2 C, this means that heaters are required to keep the hydrazine and the helium at 36 C for the trip to Mars. Using the TMG software the heat loss was analyzed, and a thermal model simulates a half full tank which yielded a 13W heating requirement for each hemisphere. Views of the design, and the heater are included.

Development of a potentiometric EDTA method for determination of molybdenum. Use of the analysis for molybdenite concentrates

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Khristova, R.; Vanmen, M.

1986-01-01

Based on considerations of principles and experimental data, the interference of sulfate ions in poteniometric titration of EDTA with FeCl3 was confirmed. The method of back complexometric titration of molybdenum of Nonova and Gasheva was improved by replacing hydrazine sulfate with hydrazine hydrochloride for reduction of Mo(VI) to Mo(V). The method can be used for one to tenths of mg of molybdenum with 0.04 mg standard deviation. The specific method of determination of molybdenum in molybdenite concentrates is presented.

Theory investigation progress of DMAZ

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Xie, Hui; Mu, Xiaogang; Zhang, Yue; Wang, Xuanjun

2017-05-01

The recent progress in the theoretical study of N, N-dimethyl-2-azidoethylamine (DMAZ), a new type of azide fuel, is summarized. Thermodynamic Properties (such as Enthalpy-of-Formation, Enthalpy-of-Vaporization, and Enthalpy-of-Sublimation), conformers, Spectrums, the Henry's constant, ignition delay et al. are studied by Density Functional Theory (DFT). It is proved that DMAZ has good performance with a density impulse 2.499 Ns/m3, and has a good application prospect in replacing the traditional hydrazine propellant methyl-hydrazine (MMH).

Attitude Control Propulsion Components, Volume 1

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1974-01-01

Effort was made to include as much engineering information on each component as possible, consistent with usefulness and catalog size limitations. The contents of this catalog contain components which were qualified for use with spacecraft monopropellant hydrazine and inert gas attitude control systems. Thrust ranges up to 44.5 N (10.0 lbf) for hydrazine and inert gas sytems were considered. Additionally, some components qualified for uses other than spacecraft attitude control are included because they are suitable for use in attitude controls systems.

Creation of high-refractive-index amorphous titanium oxide thin films from low-fractal-dimension polymeric precursors synthesized by a sol-gel technique with a hydrazine monohydrochloride catalyst.

PubMed

Shimizu, Wataru; Nakamura, Satoshi; Sato, Takaaki; Murakami, Yasushi

2012-08-21

Amorphous titanium dioxide (TiO(2)) thin films exhibiting high refractive indices (n ≈ 2.1) and high transparency were fabricated by spin-coating titanium oxide liquid precursors having a weakly branched polymeric structure. The precursor solution was prepared from titanium tetra-n-butoxide (TTBO) via the catalytic sol-gel process with hydrazine monohydrochloride used as a salt catalyst, which serves as a conjugate acid-base pair catalyst. Our unique catalytic sol-gel technique accelerated the overall polycondensation reaction of partially hydrolyzed alkoxides, which facilitated the formation of liner polymer-like titanium oxide aggregates having a low fractal dimension of ca. (5)/(3), known as a characteristic of the so-called "expanded polymer chain". Such linear polymeric features are essential to the production of highly dense amorphous TiO(2) thin films; mutual interpenetration of the linear polymeric aggregates avoided the creation of void space that is often generated by the densification of high-fractal-dimension (particle-like) aggregates produced in a conventional sol-gel process. The mesh size of the titanium oxide polymers can be tuned either by water concentration or the reaction time, and the smaller mesh size in the liquid precursor led to a higher n value of the solid thin film, thanks to its higher local electron density. The reaction that required no addition of organic ligand to stabilize titanium alkoxides was advantageous to overcoming issues from organic residues such as coloration. The dense amorphous film structure suppressed light scattering loss owing to its extremely smooth surface and the absence of inhomogeneous grains or particles. Furthermore, the fabrication can be accomplished at a low heating temperature of <80 °C. Indeed, we successfully obtained a transparent film with a high refractive index of n = 2.064 (at λ = 633 nm) on a low-heat-resistance plastic, poly(methyl methacrylate), at 60 °C. The result offers an efficient

Green Applications for Space Power Project

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Robinson, Joel (Principal Investigator)

2014-01-01

Spacecraft propulsion and power for many decades has relied on Hydrazine monopropellant technology for auxiliary power units (APU), orbital circularization, orbit raising/lowering and attitude control. However, Hydrazine is toxic and therefore requires special ground handling procedures to ensure launch crew safety. The Swedish Company ECAPS has developed a technology based upon the propellant Ammonium Dinitramide (ADN) that offers higher performance, higher density and reduced ground handling support than Hydrazine. This blended propellant is called LMP-103S. Currently, the United States Air Force (USAF) is pursuing a technology based on Hydroxyl Ammonium Nitrate (HAN, otherwise known as AF-M315E) with industry partners Aerojet and Moog. Based on the advantages offered by these propellants, MSFC should explore powering APU's with these propellants. Due to the availability of space hardware, the principal investigator has found a collection of USAF hardware, that will act as a surrogate, which operates on a Hydrazine derivative. The F-16 fighter jet uses H-70 or 30% diluted Hydrazine for an Emergency Power Unit (EPU) which supplies power to the plane. The PI has acquired two EPU's from planes slated for destruction at the Davis Monthan AFB. This CIF will include a partnership with 2 other NASA Centers who are individually seeking seed funds from their respective organizations: Kennedy Space Center (KSC) and Dryden Flight Research Center (DFRC). KSC is preparing for future flights from their launch pads that will utilize green propellants and desire a low-cost testbed in which to test and calibrate new leak detection sensors. DFRC has access to F-16's which can be used by MSFC & KSC to perform a ground test that demonstrates emergency power supplied to the jet. Neither of the green propellant alternatives have been considered nor evaluated for an APU application. Work has already been accomplished to characterize and obtain the properties of these 2 propellants

An Assessment of Hydrazine, Hydrazine Hydrate and Liquid Ammonia as Fuels for Rocket Propulsion

DTIC Science & Technology

1949-08-01

oxide, hyponitrites, or potassium nitrososulphite; decomposition of aminogunnidine; hydrolysis of bis-dinzo acetic acid; and nlso n cyclic process due to... Dehydration of hydrnzinc hydrnte. This may be carried out with caustic alknli, quick- lime or baryto. The method is probably suitable for laboratory scale...certaini that it can be opernted under safe conditions. These disadvontages should not be so formidable if only a partial dehydration were desired. In this

Automated solid-phase extraction coupled online with HPLC-FLD for the quantification of zearalenone in edible oil.

PubMed

Drzymala, Sarah S; Weiz, Stefan; Heinze, Julia; Marten, Silvia; Prinz, Carsten; Zimathies, Annett; Garbe, Leif-Alexander; Koch, Matthias

2015-05-01

Established maximum levels for the mycotoxin zearalenone (ZEN) in edible oil require monitoring by reliable analytical methods. Therefore, an automated SPE-HPLC online system based on dynamic covalent hydrazine chemistry has been developed. The SPE step comprises a reversible hydrazone formation by ZEN and a hydrazine moiety covalently attached to a solid phase. Seven hydrazine materials with different properties regarding the resin backbone, pore size, particle size, specific surface area, and loading have been evaluated. As a result, a hydrazine-functionalized silica gel was chosen. The final automated online method was validated and applied to the analysis of three maize germ oil samples including a provisionally certified reference material. Important performance criteria for the recovery (70-120 %) and precision (RSDr <25 %) as set by the Commission Regulation EC 401/2006 were fulfilled: The mean recovery was 78 % and RSDr did not exceed 8 %. The results of the SPE-HPLC online method were further compared to results obtained by liquid-liquid extraction with stable isotope dilution analysis LC-MS/MS and found to be in good agreement. The developed SPE-HPLC online system with fluorescence detection allows a reliable, accurate, and sensitive quantification (limit of quantification, 30 μg/kg) of ZEN in edible oils while significantly reducing the workload. To our knowledge, this is the first report on an automated SPE-HPLC method based on a covalent SPE approach.

Photochemical synthesis of biomolecules under anoxic conditions

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Folsome, C.; Brittain, A.; Zelko, M.

1983-01-01

The long-wavelength UV anoxic photosynthesis of uracil, various sugars (including deoxyribose and glycoaldehyde), amino acids, and other organic photoproducts is reported. The reactions were conducted in a mixture of water, calcium carbonate, hydrazine, and formaldehyde which were subjected to 24 hr or 72 hr radiation. Product yields were greatest when the hydrazine/formaldehyde ratio was one, and when the reactant concentrations were low. These data suggest that organic products can be formed in variety from those amounts of formaldehyde and hydazine precursors which are themselves formed under anoxic UV photochemical conditions.

Environmental Quality Research: Fish and Aufwuchs Bioassay

DTIC Science & Technology

1977-11-01

WSF) of JP-8 and the solution was renewed each day. Acute toxicity as assessed by the 96-hr LC 50 values was not significantly different over the pH...The 96-hr LC 50 of hydrazine to three-spine sticklebacks was 3.4 mg/i (nominal initial concentration) using 24 hr solution renewal, but the estimated...34spill," i.e., static bioassay with no hydrazine renewal, the 96-hr LC 50 to sticklebacks was 6.6 mg/k (95% confidence limits of 5.0 to 8.8 mg/k) based

NASA - Johnson Space Center's New Capabilities for Air Purification

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Graf, John

2015-01-01

NASA has some unique and challenging air purification problems that cannot be adequately met with COTS technology: 1) ammonia removal from air, 2) hydrazine removal from air, 3) CO conversion to CO2 in low temperature, high humidity environments. NASA has sponsored the development of new sorbents and new catalysts. These new sorbents and catalysts work better than COTS technology for our application. If attendees have a need for an effective ammonia sorbent, an effective hydrazine sorbent, or an effective CO conversion catalyst, we should learn to see if NASA sponsored technology development can help.

A study for hypergolic vapor sensor development

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Stetter, J. R.

1977-01-01

The use of an electrochemical technique for MMH and N02 measurement was investigated. Specific MMH and N02 electrochemical sensors were developed. Experimental techniques for preparation, handling, and analysis of hydrazine's vapor mixtures at ppb and ppm levels were developed. Two approaches to N02 instrument design were evaluated including specific adsorption and specific electrochemical reduction. Two approaches to hydrazines monitoring were evaluated including catalytic conversion to N0 with subsequent N0 detection and direct specific electrochemical oxidation. Two engineering prototype MMH/N02 monitors were designed and constructed.

Space Shuttle Upgrades Advanced Hydraulic Power System

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2004-01-01

Three Auxiliary Power Units (APU) on the Space Shuttle Orbiter each provide 145 hp shaft power to a hydraulic pump which outputs 3000 psi hydraulic fluid to 41 hydraulic actuators. A hydrazine fuel powered APU utilized throughout the Shuttle program has undergone many improvements, but concerns remain with flight safety, operational cost, critical failure modes, and hydrazine related hazards. The advanced hydraulic power system (AHPS), also known as the electric APU, is being evaluated as an upgrade to replace the hydrazine APU. The AHPS replaces the high-speed turbine and hydrazine fuel supply system with a battery power supply and electric motor/pump that converts 300 volt electrical power to 3000 psi hydraulic power. AHPS upgrade benefits include elimination of toxic hydrazine propellant to improve flight safety, reduction in hazardous ground processing operations, and improved reliability. Development of this upgrade provides many interesting challenges and includes development of four hardware elements that comprise the AHPS system: Battery - The battery provides a high voltage supply of power using lithium ion cells. This is a large battery that must provide 28 kilowatt hours of energy over 99 minutes of operation at 300 volts with a peak power of 130 kilowatts for three seconds. High Voltage Power Distribution and Control (PD&C) - The PD&C distributes electric power from the battery to the EHDU. This 300 volt system includes wiring and components necessary to distribute power and provide fault current protection. Electro-Hydraulic Drive Unit (EHDU) - The EHDU converts electric input power to hydraulic output power. The EHDU must provide over 90 kilowatts of stable, output hydraulic power at 3000 psi with high efficiency and rapid response time. Cooling System - The cooling system provides thermal control of the Orbiter hydraulic fluid and EHDU electronic components. Symposium presentation will provide an overview of the AHPS upgrade, descriptions of the four

Theoretical performance of some rocket propellants containing hydrogen, nitrogen, and oxygen

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Miller, Riley O; Ordin, Paul M

1948-01-01

Theoretical performance data including nozzle-exit temperature, specific impulse, volume specific impulse and composition, temperature, and mean molecular weight of reaction products based on frozen equilibrium and isentropic expansion are presented for 13 propellant combinations at reaction pressure of 300 pounds per square inch absolute and expansion ratio of 20.4. On basis of maximum specific impulse alone, five fuels had the following order for any given oxidant: liquid hydrogen, hydrazine, liquid ammonia, and either hydrazine hydrate or hydroxylamine. Three oxidants with a given fuel had the following order: liquid ozone, liquid oxygen, and 100-percent hydrogen peroxide.

Electric auxiliary power unit for Shuttle evolution

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Meyer, Doug; Weber, Kent; Scott, Walter

1989-01-01

The Space Shuttle Orbiter currently uses three hydrazine fueled auxiliary power units (APUs) to provide hydraulic power for the vehicle aerodynamic surface controls, main engine thrust vector control, landing gear, steering, and brakes. Electric auxiliary power units have been proposed as possible replacements to the hydrazine auxiliary power units. Along with the potential advantages, this paper describes an Electric APU configuration and addresses the technical issues and risks associated with the subsystem components. Additionally, characteristics of an Electric APU compared to the existing APU and the direction of future study with respect to the Electric APU is suggested.

Microwave-Assisted Piloty-Robinson Synthesis of 3,4-Disubstituted Pyrroles

PubMed Central

Milgram, Benjamin C.; Eskildsen, Katrine; Richter, Steven M.; Scheidt, W. Robert; Scheidt, Karl A.

2007-01-01

The synthesis of N-acyl 3,4-disubstituted pyrroles can be accomplished directly from hydrazine and an aldehyde via a Piloty-Robinson pyrrole synthesis. The use of microwave radiation for the cyclization and pyrrole formation greatly reduces the time necessary for this process and facilitates moderate to good yields from hydrazine for the corresponding 3,4-disubstituted products (5–12). By simple hydrolysis, the free N–H pyrroles can be accessed after the Piloty-Robinson reaction and then used directly in the synthesis of octaethylporphyrin (H2OEP, 14) and octaethyltetraphenylporphyrin (H2OETPP, 15). PMID:17432915

SEPARATION OF URANIUM FROM OTHER METALS

DOEpatents

Hyman, H.H.

1959-07-01

The separation of uranium from other elements, such as ruthenium, zirconium, niobium, cerium, and other rare earth metals is described. According to the invention, this is accomplished by adding hydrazine to an acid aqueous solution containing salts of uranium, preferably hexavalent uranium, and then treating the mixture with a substantially water immiscible ketone, such as hexone. A reaction takes place between the ketone and the hydrazine whereby a complex, a ketazine, is formed; this complex has a greater power of extraction for uranium than the ketone by itself. When contaminating elements are present, they substantially remain in ihe aqueous solution.

Monopropellant engine investigation for space shuttle reaction control system. Volume 3: Improvement of metal foam for catalyst retention

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1975-01-01

The retention of granular catalyst in a metal foam matrix was demonstrated to greatly increase the life capability of hydrazine monopropellant reactors. Since nickel foam used in previous tests was found to become degraded after long-term exposure the cause of degradation was examined and metal foams of improved durability were developed. The most durable foam developed was a rhodium-coated nickel foam. An all-platinum foam was found to be incompatible in a hot ammonia (hydrazine) environment. It is recommended to scale up the manufacturing process for the improved foam to produce samples sufficiently large for space shuttle APU gas generator testing.

α-Oxo-Ketenimines from Isocyanides and α-Haloketones: Synthesis and Divergent Reactivity.

PubMed

Mamboury, Mathias; Wang, Qian; Zhu, Jieping

2017-09-18

The palladium-catalyzed reaction of α-haloketones with isocyanides afforded α-oxo-ketenimines through β-hydride elimination of the β-oxo-imidoyl palladium intermediates. Reaction of these relatively stable α-oxo-ketenimines with nucleophiles such as hydrazines, hydrazoic acid, amines, and Grignard reagent afforded pyrazoles, tetrazole, β-keto amidines, and enaminone, respectively, with high chemoselectivity. Whereas amines attack exclusively on the ketenimine functions, the formal [3+2] cycloaddition between N-monosubstituted hydrazines and α-oxo-ketenimines was initiated by nucleophilic addition to the carbonyl group. © 2017 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

A Cooling System for the EAPU Shuttle Upgrade

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Tongue, Stephen; Guyette, Greg; Irbeck, Bradley

2001-01-01

The Shuttle orbiter currently uses hydrazine-powered APU's for powering its hydraulic system pumps. To enhance vehicle safety and reliability, NASA is pursuing an APU upgrade where the hydrazine powered turbine is replaced by an electric motor pump and battery power supply. This EAPU (Electric APU) upgrade presents several thermal control challenges most notably the new requirement for moderate temperature control of high-power electron ics at 132 of (55.6 C). This paper describes how the existing Water Spray Boiler (WSB), which currently cools the hydraulic fluid and APU lubrication oil, is being modified to provide EAPU thermal management.

Environmental crack-growth behavior of high strength pressure vessel alloys

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Forman, R. G.

1975-01-01

Results of sustained-load environmental crack growth threshold tests performed on six spacecraft pressure vessel alloys are presented. The alloys were Inconel 718, 6Al-4V titanium, A-286 steel, AM-350 stainless steel, cryoformed AISI 301 stainless steel; and cryoformed AISI 304L steel. The test environments for the program were air, pressurized gases of hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and carbon dioxide, and liquid environments of distilled water, sea water, nitrogen tetroxide, hydrazine, aerozine 50, monomethyl hydrazine, and hydrogen peroxide. Surface flaw type specimens were used with flaws located in both base metal and weld metal.

Influence of Glutathione and Glutathione S-transferases on DNA Interstrand Cross-Link Formation by 1,2-Bis(methylsulfonyl)-1-(2-chloroethyl)hydrazine, the Active Anticancer Moiety Generated by Laromustine

PubMed Central

2015-01-01

Prodrugs of 1,2-bis(methylsulfonyl)-1-(2-chloroethyl)hydrazine (90CE) are promising anticancer agents. The 90CE moiety is a readily latentiated, short-lived (t1/2 ∼ 30 s) chloroethylating agent that can generate high yields of oxophilic electrophiles responsible for the chloroethylation of the O-6 position of guanine in DNA. These guanine O-6 alkylations are believed to be responsible for the therapeutic effects of 90CE and its prodrugs. Thus, 90CE demonstrates high selectivity toward tumors with diminished levels of O6-alkylguanine-DNA alkyltransferase (MGMT), the resistance protein responsible for O6-alkylguanine repair. The formation of O6-(2-chloroethyl)guanine lesions ultimately leads to the generation of highly cytotoxic 1-(N3-cytosinyl),-2-(N1-guaninyl)ethane DNA interstrand cross-links via N1,O6-ethanoguanine intermediates. The anticancer activity arising from this sequence of reactions is thus identical to this component of the anticancer activity of the clinically used chloroethylnitrosoureas. Herein, we evaluate the ability of glutathione (GSH) and other low molecular weight thiols, as well as GSH coupled with various glutathione S-transferase enzymes (GSTs) to attenuate the final yields of cross-links generated by 90CE when added prior to or immediately following the initial chloroethylation step to determine the major point(s) of interaction. In contrast to studies utilizing BCNU as a chloroethylating agent by others, GSH (or GSH/GST) did not appreciably quench DNA interstrand cross-link precursors. While thiols alone offered little protection at either alkylation step, the GSH/GST couple was able to diminish the initial yields of cross-link precursors. 90CE exhibited a very different GST isoenzyme susceptibility to that reported for BCNU, this could have important implications in the relative resistance of tumor cells to these agents. The protection afforded by GSH/GST was compared to that produced by MGMT. PMID:25012050

Influence of glutathione and glutathione S-transferases on DNA interstrand cross-link formation by 1,2-bis(methylsulfonyl)-1-(2-chloroethyl)hydrazine, the active anticancer moiety generated by laromustine.

PubMed

Penketh, Philip G; Patridge, Eric; Shyam, Krishnamurthy; Baumann, Raymond P; Zhu, Rui; Ishiguro, Kimiko; Sartorelli, Alan C

2014-08-18

Prodrugs of 1,2-bis(methylsulfonyl)-1-(2-chloroethyl)hydrazine (90CE) are promising anticancer agents. The 90CE moiety is a readily latentiated, short-lived (t1/2 ∼ 30 s) chloroethylating agent that can generate high yields of oxophilic electrophiles responsible for the chloroethylation of the O-6 position of guanine in DNA. These guanine O-6 alkylations are believed to be responsible for the therapeutic effects of 90CE and its prodrugs. Thus, 90CE demonstrates high selectivity toward tumors with diminished levels of O(6)-alkylguanine-DNA alkyltransferase (MGMT), the resistance protein responsible for O(6)-alkylguanine repair. The formation of O(6)-(2-chloroethyl)guanine lesions ultimately leads to the generation of highly cytotoxic 1-(N(3)-cytosinyl),-2-(N(1)-guaninyl)ethane DNA interstrand cross-links via N(1),O(6)-ethanoguanine intermediates. The anticancer activity arising from this sequence of reactions is thus identical to this component of the anticancer activity of the clinically used chloroethylnitrosoureas. Herein, we evaluate the ability of glutathione (GSH) and other low molecular weight thiols, as well as GSH coupled with various glutathione S-transferase enzymes (GSTs) to attenuate the final yields of cross-links generated by 90CE when added prior to or immediately following the initial chloroethylation step to determine the major point(s) of interaction. In contrast to studies utilizing BCNU as a chloroethylating agent by others, GSH (or GSH/GST) did not appreciably quench DNA interstrand cross-link precursors. While thiols alone offered little protection at either alkylation step, the GSH/GST couple was able to diminish the initial yields of cross-link precursors. 90CE exhibited a very different GST isoenzyme susceptibility to that reported for BCNU, this could have important implications in the relative resistance of tumor cells to these agents. The protection afforded by GSH/GST was compared to that produced by MGMT.

A facile iodine(III)-mediated synthesis of 3-(3-aryl-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridines via oxidation of 2-((3-aryl-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)methylene)-1-(pyridin-2-yl)hydrazines and their antimicrobial evaluations

PubMed Central

2011-01-01

Background Fused heterocyclic 1,2,4-triazoles have acquired much importance because of their interesting biological properties. Although a number of methods have been reported in the literature which includes oxidation with phosphorus oxychloride, lead tetraacetate, bromine, etc., hypervalent iodine reagents have emerged as reagents of choice for various synthetically useful transformations due to their low toxicity, ready availability and ease of handling. Results A series of new 3-(3-aryl-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridines 4 has been conveniently synthesized by oxidative cyclization of 2-(3-aryl-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)methylene)-1-(pyridin-2-yl)hydrazines 3 promoted with iodobenzene diacetate under mild conditions (up to 90% isolated yields). All the new compounds were tested in vitro for their antimicrobial activity. Conclusions Iodine(III)-mediated oxidative approach has offered an easy access to new 3-(3-aryl-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridines 4. The antibacterial and antifungal activities of newly synthesized compounds have proved them potent antimicrobial agents. PMID:22373059

High-yielding and photolabile approaches to the covalent attachment of biomolecules to surfaces via hydrazone chemistry.

PubMed

Lee, Ju Hun; Domaille, Dylan W; Noh, Hyunwoo; Oh, Taeseok; Choi, Chulmin; Jin, Sungho; Cha, Jennifer N

2014-07-22

The development of strategies to couple biomolecules covalently to surfaces is necessary for constructing sensing arrays for biological and biomedical applications. One attractive conjugation reaction is hydrazone formation--the reaction of a hydrazine with an aldehyde or ketone--as both hydrazines and aldehydes/ketones are largely bioorthogonal, which makes this particular reaction suitable for conjugating biomolecules to a variety of substrates. We show that the mild reaction conditions afforded by hydrazone conjugation enable the conjugation of DNA and proteins to the substrate surface in significantly higher yields than can be achieved with traditional bioconjugation techniques, such as maleimide chemistry. Next, we designed and synthesized a photocaged aryl ketone that can be conjugated to a surface and photochemically activated to provide a suitable partner for subsequent hydrazone formation between the surface-anchored ketone and DNA- or protein-hydrazines. Finally, we exploit the latent functionality of the photocaged ketone and pattern multiple biomolecules on the same substrate, effectively demonstrating a strategy for designing substrates with well-defined domains of different biomolecules. We expect that this approach can be extended to the production of multiplexed assays by using an appropriate mask with sequential photoexposure and biomolecule conjugation steps.

Benefits of Low-Power Electrothermal Propulsion

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Oleson, Steven R.; Sankovic, John M.

1997-01-01

Mission analyses were completed to show the benefits of low-power electrothermal propulsion systems for three classes'of LEO smallsat missions. Three different electrothermal systems were considered: (1) a 40 W ammonia resistojet system, (2) a 600 W hydrazine arcjet system, and (3) a 300 W ammonia resistojet. The benefits of using two 40 W ammonia resistojet systems were analyzed for three months of drag makeup of a Shuttle-launched 100 kg spacecraft in a 297 km orbit. The two 46 W resistojets decreased the propulsion system wet mass by 50% when compared to state-of-art hydrazine monopropellant thrusters. The 600 W arcjet system was used for a 300 km sun synchronous makeup mission of a 1000 kg satellite and was found to decrease the wet propulsion mass by 30%. Finally, the 300 W arcjet system was used on a 200 kg Earth-orbiting spacecraft for both orbit transfer from 300 to 400 km, two years of drag makeup, and a final orbit rise to 700 km. The arcjet system was determined to halve the propulsion system wet mass required for that scenario as compared to hydrazine monopropellant thrusters.

Heterobimetallic Ti/Co Complexes That Promote Catalytic N-N Bond Cleavage.

PubMed

Wu, Bing; Gramigna, Kathryn M; Bezpalko, Mark W; Foxman, Bruce M; Thomas, Christine M

2015-11-16

Treatment of the tris(phosphinoamide) titanium precursor ClTi(XylNP(i)Pr2)3 (1) with CoI2 leads to the heterobimetallic complex (η(2)-(i)Pr2PNXyl)Ti(XylNP(i)Pr2)2(μ-Cl)CoI (2). One-electron reduction of 2 affords (η(2)-(i)Pr2PNXyl)Ti(XylNP(i)Pr2)2CoI (3), which can be reduced by another electron under dinitrogen to generate the reduced diamagnetic complex (THF)Ti(XylNP(i)Pr2)3CoN2 (4). The removal of the dinitrogen ligand from 4 under vacuum affords (THF)Ti(XylNP(i)Pr2)3Co (5), which features a Ti-Co triple bond. Treatment of 4 with hydrazine or methyl hydrazine results in N-N bond cleavage and affords the new diamagnetic complexes (L)Ti(XylNP(i)Pr2)3CoN2 (L = NH3 (6), MeNH2 (7)). Complexes 4, 5, and 6 have been shown to catalyze the disproportionation of hydrazine into ammonia and dinitrogen gas through a mechanism involving a diazene intermediate.

Alternative bases in the RNA world: the prebiotic synthesis of urazole and its ribosides

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Kolb, V. M.; Dworkin, J. P.; Miller, S. L.

1994-01-01

Urazole is a five-membered heterocyclic compound which is isosteric with uracil's hydrogen-bonding segment. Urazole reacts spontaneoulsy with ribose (and other aldoses) to give a mixture of four ribosides: alpha and beta pyranosides and furanosides. This reaction occurs in aqueous solution at mild temperatures. Thermodynamic and kinetic parameters for the reaction of urazole with ribose were determined. In contrast, uracil is completely unreactive with ribose under these conditions. Urazole's unusual reactivity is ascribed to the hydrazine portion of the molecule. Urazole can be synthesized from biuret and hydrazine under prebiotic conditions. The prebiotic synthesis of guanazole, which is isosteric in part to diaminopyrimidine and cytosine, is accomplished from dicyandiamide and hydrazine. Kinetic parameters for both prebiotic reactions were measured. Urazole and guanazole are transparent in the UV, which would be a favorable property in the absence of an ozone layer on the early Earth. Urazole makes hydrogen bonds with adenine in DMSO similar to those of uracil, as established by H NMR. All of these properties make urazole an attractive potential precursor to uracil and guanazole a potential precursor to cytosine in the RNA or pre-RNA world.

Formation of Nitrogen and Hydrogen-bearing Molecules in Solid Ammonia and Implications for Solar System and Interstellar Ices

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zheng, Weijun; Jewitt, David; Osamura, Yoshihiro; Kaiser, Ralf I.

2008-02-01

We irradiated solid ammonia (NH3) in the temperature range of 10-60 K with high-energy electrons to simulate the processing of ammonia-bearing ices in the interstellar medium and in the solar system. By monitoring the newly formed molecules online and in situ, the synthesis of hydrazine (N2H4), diazene (N2H2 isomers), hydrogen azide (HN3), the amino radical (NH2), molecular hydrogen (H2), and molecular nitrogen (N2) has been confirmed. Our results show that the production rates of hydrazine, diazene, hydrogen azide, molecular hydrogen, and molecular nitrogen are higher in amorphous ammonia than those in crystalline ammonia; this behavior is similar to the production of molecular hydrogen, molecular oxygen, and hydrogen peroxide found in electron-irradiated water ices. However, the formation of hydrazine in crystalline ammonia does not show any temperature dependence. Our experimental results give hints to the origin of molecular nitrogen in the Saturnian system and possibly in the atmospheres of proto-Earth and Titan; our research may also guide the search of hitherto unobserved nitrogen-bearing molecules in the interstellar medium and in our solar system.

Potential biofouling of spacecraft propellant systems due to contaminated deionized water

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hogue, Patrick

2006-08-01

Deionized (DI) water, with a density close to hydrazine, is used to fill spacecraft propellant tanks for mechanical testing during ground operations, after which is it removed and the tanks dried for use with anhydrous hydrazine. Pure nitrogen is used as a pressurant during storage and during water fill and drain operations. Since DI water systems are notorious for contamination by slime-forming bacteria, DI water intended for use in New Horizons and STEREO hydrazine tanks at APL was assessed for microorganism content using the heterotrophic plate count (HPC) method. Results show that some growth occurred during storage of DI water in propellant tanks, however not at the logarithmic rate associated with well-nourished bacteria. Ralstonia and Burkholderia were present in DI water on-loaded however only Ralstonia was present in off-loaded water. One possible source of nutrients during water storage in propellant tanks is organic material originating from the EPDM (EPR per AF-E-332) expulsion diaphragm. This paper will demonstrate potential for bio-fouling of spacecraft propulsion systems due to growth of slime-forming bacteria and will suggest that specifications controlling microorganism content should be imposed on water used for spacecraft ground testing.

Structure investigation of three hydrazones Schiff's bases by spectroscopic, thermal and molecular orbital calculations and their biological activities

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Belal, Arafa A. M.; Zayed, M. A.; El-Desawy, M.; Rakha, Sh. M. A. H.

2015-03-01

Three Schiff's bases AI (2(1-hydrazonoethyl)phenol), AII (2, 4-dibromo 6-(hydrazonomethyl)phenol) and AIII (2(hydrazonomethyl)phenol) were prepared as new hydrazone compounds via condensation reactions with molar ratio (1:1) of reactants. Firstly by reaction of 2-hydroxy acetophenone solution and hydrazine hydrate; it gives AI. Secondly condensation between 3,5-dibromo-salicylaldehyde and hydrazine hydrate gives AII. Thirdly condensation between salicylaldehyde and hydrazine hydrate gives AIII. The structures of AI-AIII were characterized by elemental analysis (EA), mass (MS), FT-IR and 1H NMR spectra, and thermal analyses (TG, DTG, and DTA). The activation thermodynamic parameters, such as, ΔE∗, ΔH∗, ΔS∗ and ΔG∗ were calculated from the TG curves using Coats-Redfern method. It is important to investigate their molecular structures to know the active groups and weak bond responsible for their biological activities. Consequently in the present work, the obtained thermal (TA) and mass (MS) practical results are confirmed by semi-empirical MO-calculations (MOCS) using PM3 procedure. Their biological activities have been tested in vitro against Escherichia coli, Proteus vulgaris, Bacillissubtilies and Staphylococcus aurous bacteria in order to assess their anti-microbial potential.

HAN-Based Monopropellant Propulsion System with Applications

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Jankovsky, Robert S.; Oleson, Steven R.

1997-01-01

NASA is developing a new monopropellant propulsion system for small, cost-driven spacecraft with AV requirements in the range of 10-150 m/sec. This system is based on a hydroxylammonium nitrate (HAN)/water/fuel monopropellant blend which is extremely dense, environmentally benign, and promises good performance and simplicity. State-of-art (SOA) small spacecraft typically employ either hydrazine or high pressure stored gas. Herein, a 'typical' small satellite bus is used to illustrate how a HAN-based monopropellant propulsion system fulfills small satellite propulsion requirements by providing mass and/or volume savings of SOA hydrazine monopropellants with the cost benefits of a stored nitrogen gas.

[Progress in the protective medicine against [correction of aganist] rocket propellents].

PubMed

Hu, W X; Tan, C Y; Tan, S J; Jiang, J

1999-12-01

To review the progress in the major assignment, the organization and implementation of protection against liquid rocket propellent. The safety detection methods of the rocket [correction of rocked] propellent in the launching field were also discussed. Three steps of the sanitation and protection of the liquid propellent, the toxicity and the toxicology of hydrazine on central nervous system, blood circulatory system, assimilation system, respiratory system, immune system, liver, kidney, eye, skin and its hereditary toxicology were described. In addition, the clinical types of poisoning, the current principle and the common ways of the prevention and treatment of hydrazine and nitrogen oxides poisoning were summarized.

Historical perspective - Viking Mars Lander propulsion

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Morrisey, Donald C.

1989-01-01

This paper discusses the Viking 1 and 2 missions to Mars in 1975-1976 and describes the design evolution of the Viking Terminal Descent Rocket Engines responsible for decelerating the Viking Mars Landers during the final portion of their descent from orbit. The Viking Terminal Descent Rocket Engines have twice the thrust of the largest monopropellant hydrazine engine developed previously but weigh considerably less. The engine has 18 nozzles, the capability of 10:1 throttling, is totally sealed until fired, employs no organic unsealed materials, is 100 percent germ free, utilized hydrazine STM-20 as the propellant, and starts at a temperature more than 45 F below the propellant's freezing point.

The development of a non-cryogenic nitrogen/oxygen supply system

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Greenough, B. M.

1972-01-01

Development of the hydrazine/water electrolysis process in a manned spacecraft to provide metabolic oxygen and both oxygen and nitrogen for cabin leakage makeup was studied. Electrode development efforts were directed to stability, achieved with catalyst additives and improved processing techniques, and a higher hydrazine conversion efficiency, achieved by reducing catalyst loading on the cathodes. Extensive testing of the one-man breadboard N2/02 system provided complete characterization of cabin atmosphere control aspects. A detailed design of a prototype modular N2/02 unit was conducted. The contact heat exchanger which is an integral component of this design was fabricated and sucessfully design-verification tested.

Study of complex formation of 5,5'-(2 E, 2' E)-2,2'-(ethane-1,2-diylidene)bis(hydrazine-1-yl-2-ylidene)bis(4-amino-4H-1,2,4-triazole-3-thiol) (HYT) macrocyclic ligand with Cd2+ cation in non-aqueous solution by spectroscopic and conductometric methods

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mallaekeh, Hassan; Shams, Alireza; Shaker, Mohammad; Bahramzadeh, Ehsan; Arefi, Donya

2014-12-01

In this paper the complexation reaction of the 5,5'-(2 E,2' E)-2,2'-(ethane-1,2-diylidene)bis(hydrazine-1-yl-2-ylidene)bis(4-amino-4H-1,2,4-triazole-3-thiol) ligand (HYT) with Cd2+ education was studied in some binary mixtures of methanol (MeOH), n-propanol (PrOH) and dimethyl-formamide (DMF) at different temperatures using the conductometry and spectrophotometry. The stability constants of the complex was determined using a GENPLOT computer program. The conductance data and absorbance-mole ratio plots show that in all solvent systems, the stoichiometry of the complex formed between (HYT) and Cd2+ cation is 1: 1. The obtained results show that the stability of (HYT)-Cd complex is sensitive to the mixed solvents composition. The values of thermodynamic parameters (Δ G ∘, Δ H ∘, and Δ S ∘) for formation of (HYT)-Cd complex were obtained from temperature dependence of the stability constant using the van't Hoff plots. The results show that in most cases, the complex are enthalpy destabilized but entropy stabilized and the complex formation is affected by pH, time, temperature and the nature of the solvent.

Molecular structure, NMR, UV-Visible, vibrational spectroscopic and HOMO, LUMO analysis of (E)-1-(2, 6-bis (4-methoxyphenyl)-3, 3-dimethylpiperidine-4-ylidene)-2-(3-(3, 5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl) pyrazin-2-yl) hydrazine by DFT method

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Alphonsa, A. Therasa; Loganathan, C.; Anand, S. Athavan Alias; Kabilan, S.

2016-02-01

We have synthesized (E)-1-(2, 6-bis (4-methoxyphenyl)-3, 3-dimethylpiperidine-4-ylidene)-2-(3-(3, 5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl) pyrazin-2-yl) hydrazine (PM6). It was characterized using FT-IR, FT-Raman, 1H NMR, 13C NMR techniques. To interpret the experimental data, ab initio computations of the vibrational frequencies were carried out using the Gaussian 09 program followed by the full optimizations done using Density Functional Theory (DFT) at B3LYP/6-311 G(d,p) level. The combined use of experiments and computations allowed a firm assignment of the majority of observed bands for the compound. The calculated stretching frequencies have been found to be in good agreement with the experimental frequencies. The electronic and charge transfer properties have been explained on the basis of highest occupied molecular orbitals (HOMOs), lowest unoccupied molecular orbitals (LUMOs) and density of states (DOS). The absorption spectra have been computed by using time dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT). 1H and 13C NMR spectra were recorded and 1H and 13C NMR chemical shifts of the molecule were calculated using the gauge independent atomic orbital (GIAO) method. From the optimized geometry of the molecule, molecular electrostatic potential (MEP) distribution, frontier molecular orbitals (FMOs) of the title compound have been calculated in the ground state theoretically. The theoretical results showed good agreement with the experimental values.

Generation of semicarbazide from natural azine development in foods, followed by reaction with urea compounds.

PubMed

Abernethy, Grant A

2015-01-01

This paper proposes a mechanism to explain the trace levels of natural semicarbazide occasionally observed in foods. The analytical derivative of semicarbazide, 2-nitrobenzaldehyde semicarbazone, is often measured as a metabolite marker to detect the widely banned antibiotic nitrofurazone. However, this marker is not specific as semicarbazide may be present in foods for several reasons other than exposure to nitrofurazone. In some cases, an entirely natural origin of semicarbazide is suspected, although up until now there was no explanation about how semicarbazide could occur naturally. In this work, semicarbazide is proposed as being generated from natural food compounds via an azine intermediate. Hydrazine, in the form of azines or hydrazones, may be generated in dilute aqueous solution from the natural food compounds ammonia, hydrogen peroxide and acetone, following known oxidation chemistry. When this mixture was prepared in the presence of ureas such as allantoin, urea, biuret or hydroxyurea, and then analysed by the standard method for the determination of semicarbazide, 2-nitrobenzaldehyde semicarbazone was detected. 2-Nitrobenzaldehyde aldazine was also found, and it may be a general marker for azines in foods. This proposal, that azine formation is central to semicarbazide development, provides a convergence of the published mechanisms for semicarbazide. The reaction starts with hydrogen peroxide, peracetic acid, atmospheric oxygen or hypochlorite; generates hydrazine either by an oxaziridine intermediate or via the chlorination of ammonia; and then either route may converge on azine formation, followed by reaction with a urea compound. Additionally, carbamate ion may speculatively generate semicarbazide by reaction with hydrazine, which might be a significant route in the case of the hypochlorite treatment of foods or food contact surfaces. Significantly, detection of 2-nitrobenzaldehyde semicarbazone may be somewhat artefactual because semicarbazide can

In vitro granulocyte adherence and in vivo margination: two associated complement-dependent functions. Studies based on the acute neutropenia of filtration leukophoresis.

PubMed

Fehr, J; Jacob, H S

1977-09-01

To study mechanisms and mediators regulating the distribution of intravascular granulocytes between circulating and marginated pools, a human model with extreme transient margination, the neutropenia of continuous flow filtration leukophoresis, was analyzed. Studies in animals demonstrated the existence of a complement (C)-derived granulocytopenia-inducing factor. Thus, autologous plasma, exposed to nylon fibers (NF) of the filtration system, produced an acute selective decrement of circulating granulocytes and monocytes. This phenomenon was blocked by decomplementing plasma, by pretreatment of plasma with EDTA or hydrazine, and by preheating at 56 degrees C, but did occur after recombination of heat-inactivated and hydrazine-treated plasma before NF exposure. Preheating plasma at 50 degrees C did not inhibit the neutropenic response, suggesting involvement of the classical pathway of C activation. Ultrafiltration studies indicated that the NF-provoked neutropenia-inducing factor has a mol wt in the range of 10,000-30,000, and is heat stable (56 degrees C). To analyze the hypothesis that C- induced neutrophil margination might be consequent to increased cell adhesiveness to endothelial surfaces, the role of C in promoting granulocyte adherence was evaluated in vitro. Measured with a plastic Petridish assay, granulocyte adherence was significantly reduced in heat- inactivated (56 degrees C) and hydrazine-treated plasma, but adherence promoting capacity was restored by mixing the two plasmas, or by adding purified C3 to hydrazine-treated plasma. After exposure to activated C, neutrophils showed significantly increased adhesiveness which was maintained when cells were resuspended in heat-inactivated plasma, but progressively lost when resuspended in fresh plasma. On the basis of these results we conclude that granulocyte adhesiveness in vitro and margination in vivo are closely associated, C-dependent phenomena.

Liquid-phase chemical hydrogen storage: catalytic hydrogen generation under ambient conditions.

PubMed

Jiang, Hai-Long; Singh, Sanjay Kumar; Yan, Jun-Min; Zhang, Xin-Bo; Xu, Qiang

2010-05-25

There is a demand for a sufficient and sustainable energy supply. Hence, the search for applicable hydrogen storage materials is extremely important owing to the diversified merits of hydrogen energy. Lithium and sodium borohydride, ammonia borane, hydrazine, and formic acid have been extensively investigated as promising hydrogen storage materials based on their relatively high hydrogen content. Significant advances, such as hydrogen generation temperatures and reaction kinetics, have been made in the catalytic hydrolysis of aqueous lithium and sodium borohydride and ammonia borane as well as in the catalytic decomposition of hydrous hydrazine and formic acid. In this Minireview we briefly survey the research progresses in catalytic hydrogen generation from these liquid-phase chemical hydrogen storage materials.

Polymorphic one-dimensional (N2H4)2ZnTe: soluble precursors for the formation of hexagonal or cubic zinc telluride.

PubMed

Mitzi, David B

2005-10-03

Two hydrazine zinc(II) telluride polymorphs, (N2H4)2ZnTe, have been isolated, using ambient-temperature solution-based techniques, and the crystal structures determined: alpha-(N2H4)2ZnTe (1) [P21, a = 7.2157(4) Angstroms, b = 11.5439(6) Angstroms, c = 7.3909(4) Angstroms, beta = 101.296(1) degrees, Z = 4] and beta-(N2H4)2ZnTe (2) [Pn, a = 8.1301(5) Angstroms, b = 6.9580(5) Angstroms, c = 10.7380(7) Angstroms, beta = 91.703(1) degrees, Z = 4]. The zinc atoms in 1 and 2 are tetrahedrally bonded to two terminal hydrazine molecules and two bridging tellurium atoms, leading to the formation of extended one-dimensional (1-D) zinc telluride chains, with different chain conformations and packings distinguishing the two polymorphs. Thermal decomposition of (N2H4)2ZnTe first yields crystalline wurtzite (hexagonal) ZnTe at temperatures as low as 200 degrees C, followed by the more stable zinc blende (cubic) form at temperatures above 350 degrees C. The 1-D polymorphs are soluble in hydrazine and can be used as convenient precursors for the low-temperature solution processing of p-type ZnTe semiconducting films.

Optoacoustic Spectroscopy to Detect Hydrazine Fuels.

DTIC Science & Technology

1981-07-01

signals in noise. Proc IEEE 58:610 (1970). 303. Rosen, H., A. D. Hansen, L. Gundel, and T. Novakov . Photoacoustic investigation of urban aerosol...Appl Phys 40:5404 (1969). 383. Yasa, Z., N. M. Amer, H. Rosen, A. D. Hansen, and T. Novakov . Photoacous- tic investigation of urban aerosol particles

Comparative Metabolism of Hydrazine and Naphthalene.

DTIC Science & Technology

1980-09-01

compounds and chemicals like those in cigarette smoke. Another question of considerable importance to the Air Force is whether animal species currently...the pulmonary cytochrome P-450 monooxygenases differ between species or that enzymes responsible for the detoxification of the "toxic" metabolite(s...metabolic steps in the activation and detoxification of a compound like naphthalene are undertaken in animal lung tissue so that such processes can be

Hydrazine Gas Generator Program. [space shuttles

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Kusak, L.; Marcy, R. D.

1975-01-01

The design and fabrication of a flight gas generator for the space shuttle were investigated. Critical performance parameters and stability criteria were evaluated as well as a scaling laws that could be applied in designing the flight gas generator. A test program to provide the necessary design information was included. A structural design, including thermal and stress analysis, and two gas generators were fabricated based on the results. Conclusions are presented.

40 CFR 721.4280 - Substituted hydrazine.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

...). (ii) Hazard communication program. Requirements as specified in § 721.72 (a), (b), (c), (d), (e...)(5). In addition, the human health hazard statement shall include mutagenicity. (iii) Industrial...

Determining resin/fiber content of laminates

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Garrard, G. G.; Houston, D. W.

1979-01-01

Article discusses procedure where hydrazine is used to extract graphite fibers from cured polyimide resin. Method does not attack graphite fibers and is faster than hot-concentrated-acid digestion process.

The influence of different modified graphene on property of DSSCs

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Xu, Kai; Shen, Yue; Zhang, Zongkun; Cao, Meng; Gu, Feng; Wang, Linjun

2016-01-01

Two kinds of modified reduced graphene oxide (rGO) power with different hydrophilic property were synthesized in NH3/hydrazine hydrate (N-rGO) and KOH/hydrazine hydrate (K-rGO) reduction systems, respectively, and be used as counter electrode materials. The as-prepared rGO counter electrodes were confirmed as substitution for Pt counter electrode in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). The efficiency (η) of DSSCs based on N-rGO counter electrodes achieved 4.72% while that of K-rGO counter electrode was just 3.38%. The electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements revealed that the hydrophilic K-rGO counter electrode has a low charge transfer resistance (Rct) and the hydrophobic N-rGO counter electrode has a low series resistance (Rs).

High- and low-thrust propulsion systems for the space station

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Jones, R. E.

1987-01-01

The purpose of the Advanced Development program was to investigate propulsion options for the space station. Two options were investigated in detail: a high-thrust system consisting of 25 to 50 lbf gaseous oxygen/hydrogen rockets, and a low-thrust system of 0.1 lbf multipropellant resistojets. An effort is also being conducted to determine the life capability of hydrazine-fueled thrusters. During the course of this program, studies clearly identified the benefits of utilizing waste water and other fluids as propellant sources. The results of the H/O thruster test programs are presented and the plan to determine the life of hydrazine thrusters is discussed. The background required to establish a long-life resistojet is presented and the first design model is shown in detail.

Attitude analysis of the Earth Radiation Budget Satellite (ERBS) yaw turn anomaly

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Kronenwetter, J.; Phenneger, M.; Weaver, William L.

1988-01-01

The July 2 Earth Radiation Budget Satellite (ERBS) hydrazine thruster-controlled yaw inversion maneuver resulted in a 2.1 deg/sec attitude spin. This mode continued for 150 minutes until the spacecraft was inertially despun using the hydrazine thrusters. The spacecraft remained in a low-rate Y-axis spin of .06 deg/sec for 3 hours until the B-DOT control mode was activated. After 5 hours in this mode, the spacecraft Y-axis was aligned to the orbit normal, and the spacecraft was commanded to the mission mode of attitude control. This work presents the experience of real-time attitude determination support following analysis using the playback telemetry tape recorded for 7 hours from the start of the attitude control anomaly.

Synthesis of peptide .alpha.-thioesters

DOEpatents

Camarero, Julio A [Livermore, CA; Mitchell, Alexander R [Livermore, CA; De Yoreo, James J [Clayton, CA

2008-08-19

Disclosed herein is a new method for the solid phase peptide synthesis (SPPS) of C-terminal peptide .alpha. thioesters using Fmoc/t-Bu chemistry. This method is based on the use of an aryl hydrazine linker, which is totally stable to conditions required for Fmoc-SPPS. When the peptide synthesis has been completed, activation of the linker is achieved by mild oxidation. The oxidation step converts the acyl-hydrazine group into a highly reactive acyl-diazene intermediate which reacts with an .alpha.-amino acid alkylthioester (H-AA-SR) to yield the corresponding peptide .alpha.-thioester in good yield. A variety of peptide thioesters, cyclic peptides and a fully functional Src homology 3 (SH3) protein domain have been successfully prepared.

High-power CW laser using hydrogen-fluorine reaction

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Moynihan, P. I.

1975-01-01

Continuous-wave laser has been proposed based on reaction of hydrogen and fluorine. Hydrogen is produced by dissociation of hydrazine, which can be stored as liquid in light containers at room temperature.

Alkaline deoxygenated graphene oxide for supercapacitor applications: An effective green alternative for chemically reduced graphene

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Perera, Sanjaya D.; Mariano, Ruperto G.; Nijem, Nour; Chabal, Yves; Ferraris, John P.; Balkus, Kenneth J.

2012-10-01

Graphene is a promising electrode material for energy storage applications. The most successful method for preparing graphene from graphite involves the oxidation of graphite to graphene oxide (GO) and reduction back to graphene. Even though different chemical and thermal methods have been developed to reduce GO to graphene, the use of less toxic materials to generate graphene still remains a challenge. In this study we developed a facile one-pot synthesis of deoxygenated graphene (hGO) via alkaline hydrothermal process, which exhibits similar properties to the graphene obtained via hydrazine reduction (i.e. the same degree of deoxygenation found in hydrazine reduced GO). Moreover, the hGO formed freestanding, binder-free paper electrodes for supercapacitors. Coin cell type (CR2032) symmetric supercapacitors were assembled using the hGO electrodes. Electrochemical characterization of hGO was carried out using lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (LiTFSI) and ethylmethylimidazolium bis-(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (EMITFSI) electrolytes. The results for the hGO electrodes were compared with the hydrazine reduced GO (rGO) electrode. The hGO electrode exhibits a energy density of 20 W h kg-1 and 50 W h kg-1 in LiTFSI and EMITFSI respectively, while delivering a maximum power density of 11 kW kg-1 and 14.7 kW kg-1 in LiTFSI and EMITFSI, respectively.

Development of an Automated Reader for Analysis and Storage of Personnel Dosimeter Badge Data

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Meneghelli, B. J.; Hodge, T. R.; Robinson, L. J.; Lueck, D. E.

1997-01-01

The collection and archiving of data from personnel dosimeters has become increasingly important in light of the lowered Threshold Limit Values (TLV) for HydraZine (HZ), MonoMethylHydrazine (MMH), and Unsymmetrical DiMethylHydrazine (UDMH). The American Conference of Government Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) lowered the TLV from 100 parts per billion (ppb) to IO ppb and has caused increased concern over long term exposures of personnel to trace levels of these hypergols and other potentially harmful chemicals. An automated system of reading the exposure levels of personnel dosimeters and storing exposure data for subsequent evaluation has been developed. The reading of personnel dosimeter badges for exposure to potentially harmful vapor concentrations of hydrazines or other chemicals is performed visually by comparing the color developed by the badge with a calibrated color comparator. The result obtained using visual comparisons of the developed badge color with the comparator may vary widely from user to user. The automated badge reader takes the variability out of the dosimeter reading by accurately comparing the reflectance obtained from a colored spot on the badge with a reading on the same spot prior to any exposure to chemical vapors. The observed difference between the reflectance values is used as part of a calculation of the dose value for the badge based on a stored calibration curve. The badge reader also stores bar-code data unique to each badge, as well as bar-code information on the user, as part of the permanent badge record. The start and stop exposure times for each badge are recorded and can be used as part of the calculated concentration, in ppm, for each badge logged during a recording period. The badge reader is equipped with a number of badge holders, each of which is unique to a specific type of personnel dosimeter badge. This gives the reader maximum flexibility to allow for the reading of several different types of badges. Test results of

Chemical Agents

MedlinePlus

... E Ethylene glycol F Fentanyls and other opioids H Hydrazine Hydrofluoric acid (hydrogen fluoride) Hydrogen chloride Hydrogen ... M Mercury Methyl bromide Methyl isocyanate Mustard gas (H) (sulfur mustard) N Nicotine Nitrogen mustard (HN-1, ...

Propellant Vaporization as a Criterion for Rocket-Engine Design; Experimental Performance, Vaporization and Heat-Transfer Rates with Various Propellant Combinations

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Clark, Bruce J.; Hersch, Martin; Priem, Richard J.

1959-01-01

Experimental combustion efficiencies of eleven propellant combinations were determined as a function of chamber length. Efficiencies were measured in terms of characteristic exhaust velocities at three chamber lengths and in terms of gas velocities. The data were obtained in a nominal 200-pound-thrust rocket engine. Injector and engine configurations were kept essentially the same to allow comparison of the performance. The data, except for those on hydrazine and ammonia-fluorine, agreed with predicted results based on the assumption that vaporization of the propellants determines the rate of combustion. Decomposition in the liquid phase may be.responsible for the anomalous behavior of hydrazine. Over-all heat-transfer rates were also measured for each combination. These rates were close to the values predicted by standard heat-transfer calculations except for the combinations using ammonia.

Recommended Figures of Merit for Green Monopropellants

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Marshall. William M.; Deans, Matthew C.

2013-01-01

Hydrazine propellant has historically been used as a rocket thruster monopropellant since the mid-1960s. Mission managers are well aware of its characteristics and performance. However, it is a known toxic chemical and a wide effort is underway to reduce and/or eliminate its use worldwide. Several new propellant combinations have been developed in the last few years which tout or promise to provide same or better performance as hydrazine while being "non-toxic" or "green". Yet, there is no consistent definition for what constitutes "non-toxic" or "green", and thus no good figure of merit for which to compare. This paper seeks to review the three major categories of figures of merit, and discusses how they might be used to assess the viability of a propellant.

Synthesis and Structural Characterization of CdFe2O4 Nanostructures

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kalpanadevi, K.; Sinduja, C. R.; Manimekalai, R.

The synthesis of CdFe2O4 nanoparticles has been achieved by a simple thermal decomposition method from the inorganic precursor, [CdFe2(cin)3(N2H4)3], which was obtained by a simple precipitation method from the corresponding metal salts, cinnamic acid and hydrazine hydrate. The precursor was characterized by hydrazine and metal analyses, infrared spectral analysis and thermo gravimetric analysis. On appropriate annealing, [CdFe2(cin)3(N2H4)3] yielded CdFe2O4 nanoparticles. The XRD studies showed that the crystallite size of the particles was 13nm. The results of HRTEM studies also agreed well with those of XRD. SAED pattern of the sample established the polycrystalline nature of the nanoparticles. SEM images displayed a random distribution of grains in the sample.

Evaluation test program, valve, explosive actuated, normally closed Pyronetics model 1400

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Avalos, E.

1971-01-01

Evaluation tests of the explosive actuated normally closed valves used to control and isolate hydrazine flow in the TOPS spacecraft, are presented. The malfunctions, modifications, service life, and reliability of the valve are also outlined.

Synthesis, structure, and thermal properties of soluble hydrazinium germanium(IV) and tin(IV) selenide salts.

PubMed

Mitzi, David B

2005-05-16

The crystal structures of two hydrazinium-based germanium(IV) and tin(IV) selenide salts are determined. (N(2)H(5))(4)Ge(2)Se(6) (1) [I4(1)cd, a = 12.708(1) Angstroms, c = 21.955(2) Angstroms, Z = 8] and (N(2)H(4))(3)(N(2)H(5))(4)Sn(2)Se(6) (2) [P, a = 6.6475(6) Angstroms, b = 9.5474(9) Angstroms, c = 9.8830(10) Angstroms, alpha = 94.110(2) degrees, beta = 99.429(2) degrees, gamma = 104.141(2) degrees, Z = 1] each consist of anionic dimers of edge-sharing metal selenide tetrahedra, M(2)Se(6)(4-) (M = Ge or Sn), separated by hydrazinium cations and, for 2, additional neutral hydrazine molecules. Substantial hydrogen bonding exists among the hydrazine/hydrazinium molecules as well as between the hydrazinium cations and the selenide anions. Whereas the previously reported tin(IV) sulfide system, (N(2)H(5))(4)Sn(2)S(6), decomposes cleanly to microcrystalline SnS(2) when heated to 200 degrees C in an inert atmosphere, higher temperatures (>300 degrees C) are required to dissociate selenium from 1 and 2 for the analogous preparations of single-phase metal selenides. The metal chalcogenide salts are highly soluble in hydrazine, as well as in a variety of amines and DMSO, highlighting the potential usefulness of these compounds as precursors for the solution deposition of the corresponding metal chalcogenide films.

Structural, optical, and electrical properties of PbSe nanocrystal solids treated thermally or with simple amines.

PubMed

Law, Matt; Luther, Joseph M; Song, Qing; Hughes, Barbara K; Perkins, Craig L; Nozik, Arthur J

2008-05-07

We describe the structural, optical, and electrical properties of films of spin-cast, oleate-capped PbSe nanocrystals that are treated thermally or chemically in solutions of hydrazine, methylamine, or pyridine to produce electronically coupled nanocrystal solids. Postdeposition heat treatments trigger nanocrystal sintering at approximately 200 degrees C, before a substantial fraction of the oleate capping group evaporates or pyrolyzes. The sintered nanocrystal films have a large hole density and are highly conductive. Most of the amine treatments preserve the size of the nanocrystals and remove much of the oleate, decreasing the separation between nanocrystals and yielding conductive films. X-ray scattering, X-ray photoelectron and optical spectroscopy, electron microscopy, and field-effect transistor electrical measurements are used to compare the impact of these chemical treatments. We find that the concentration of amines adsorbed to the NC films is very low in all cases. Treatments in hydrazine in acetonitrile remove only 2-7% of the oleate yet result in high-mobility n-type transistors. In contrast, ethanol-based hydrazine treatments remove 85-90% of the original oleate load. Treatments in pure ethanol strip 20% of the oleate and create conductive p-type transistors. Methylamine- and pyridine-treated films are also p-type. These chemically treated films oxidize rapidly in air to yield, after short air exposures, highly conductive p-type nanocrystal solids. Our results aid in the rational development of solar cells based on colloidal nanocrystal films.

Solar Electric and Chemical Propulsion Technology Applications to a Titan Orbiter/Lander Mission

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Cupples, Michael

2007-01-01

Several advanced propulsion technology options were assessed for a conceptual Titan Orbiter/Lander mission. For convenience of presentation, the mission was broken into two phases: interplanetary and Titan capture. The interplanetary phase of the mission was evaluated for an advanced Solar Electric Propulsion System (SEPS), while the Titan capture phase was evaluated for state-of-art chemical propulsion (NTO/Hydrazine), three advanced chemical propulsion options (LOX/Hydrazine, Fluorine/Hydrazine, high Isp mono-propellant), and advanced tank technologies. Hence, this study was referred to as a SEPS/Chemical based option. The SEPS/Chemical study results were briefly compared to a 2002 NASA study that included two general propulsion options for the same conceptual mission: an all propulsive based mission and a SEPS/Aerocapture based mission. The SEP/Chemical study assumed identical science payload as the 2002 NASA study science payload. The SEPS/Chemical study results indicated that the Titan mission was feasible for a medium launch vehicle, an interplanetary transfer time of approximately 8 years, an advanced SEPS (30 kW), and current chemical engine technology (yet with advanced tanks) for the Titan capture. The 2002 NASA study showed the feasibility of the mission based on a somewhat smaller medium launch vehicle, an interplanetary transfer time of approximately 5.9 years, an advanced SEPS (24 kW), and advanced Aerocapture based propulsion technology for the Titan capture. Further comparisons and study results were presented for the advanced chemical and advanced tank technologies.

Expected and unexpected products of reactions of 2-hydrazinylbenzo-thia-zole with 3-nitro-benzene-sulfonyl chloride in different solvents.

PubMed

Morscher, Alexandra; de Souza, Marcus V N; Wardell, James L; Harrison, William T A

2018-05-01

The syntheses and crystal structures of 2-[2-(propan-2-yl-idene)hydrazin-yl]-1,3-benzo-thia-zol-3-ium 3-nitro-benzene-sulfonate (C 10 H 12 N 2 S + ·C 6 H 4 NO 5 S - ), (I), 2-[2-(3-nitro-benzene-sulfon-yl)hydrazin-yl]-1,3-benzo-thia-zole (C 13 H 10 N 4 O 4 S 2 ), (II) and 2-[2-(3-nitro-benzene-sulfon-yl)hydrazin-yl]-1,3-benzo-thia-zol-3-ium 3-nitro-benzene-sulfonate (C 13 H 11 N 4 O 4 S 2 + ·C 6 H 4 NO 5 S - ), (III) are reported. Salt (I) arose from an unexpected reaction of 2-hydrazinylbenzo-thia-zole with the acetone solvent in the presence of 3-nitro-benzene-sulfonyl chloride, whereas (II) and (III) were recovered from the equivalent reaction carried out in methanol. The crystal of (I) features ion pairs linked by pairs of N-H⋯O s (s = sulfonate) hydrogen bonds; adjacent cations inter-act by way of short π-π stacking inter-actions between the thia-zole rings [centroid-centroid separation = 3.4274 (18) Å]. In (II), which crystallizes with two neutral mol-ecules in the asymmetric unit, the mol-ecules are linked by N-H⋯N and N-H⋯O n (n = nitro) hydrogen bonds to generate [[Formula: see text]1[Formula: see text

Green reduction of graphene oxide by ascorbic acid

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Khosroshahi, Zahra; Kharaziha, Mahshid; Karimzadeh, Fathallah; Allafchian, Alireza

2018-01-01

Graphene, a single layer of sp2-hybridized carbon atoms in a hexagonal (two-dimensional honey-comb) lattice, has attracted strong scientific and technological interest due to its novel and excellent optical, chemical, electrical, mechanical and thermal properties. The solution-processable chemical reduction of Graphene oxide (GO is considered as the most favorable method regarding mass production of graphene. Generally, the reduction of GO is carried out by chemical approaches using different reductants such as hydrazine and sodium borohydride. These components are corrosive, combustible and highly toxic which may be dangerous for personnel health and the environment. Hence, these reducing agents are not promising choice for reducing of graphene oxide (GO). As a consequence, it is necessary for further development and optimization of eco-friendly, natural reducing agent for clean and effective reduction of GO. Ascorbic acid, an eco-friendly and natural reducing agents, having a mild reductive ability and nontoxic property. So, the aim of this research was to green synthesis of GO with ascorbic acid. For this purpose, the required amount of NaOH and ascorbic acid were added to GO solution (0.5 mg/ml) and were heated at 95 °C for 1 hour. According to the X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and electrochemical results, GO were reduced with ascorbic acid like hydrazine with better electrochemical properties and ascorbic acid is an ideal substitute for hydrazine in the reduction of graphene oxide process.

KSC-97pc402

NASA Image and Video Library

1997-03-06

Workers take off the protective covering on the propulsion module for the Cassini spacecraft after uncrating the module at KSC's Spacecraft Assembly and Encapsulation Facility-2 (SAEF-2). The extended journey of 6.7 years to Saturn and the 4-year mission for Cassini once it gets there will require the spacecraft to carry a large amount of propellant for inflight trajectory-correction maneuvers and attitude control, particularly during the science observations. The propulsion module has redundant 445-newton main engines that burn nitrogen tetraoxide and monomethyl-hydrazine for main propulsion and 16 smaller 1-newton engines that burn hydrazine to control attitude and to correct small deviations from the spacecraft flight path. Cassini will be launched on a Titan IVB/Centaur expendable launch vehicle. Liftoff is targeted for October 6 from Launch Complex 40, Cape Canaveral Air Station

NASA Developments in Personnel Protective Equipment

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Graf, John

2015-01-01

NASA has some unique and challenging PPE needs: there are credible threats to air quality (fire, ammonia leak, hydrazine leak)that require a contingency breathing apparatus that operates for many hours - but there is not enough space or up-mass to provide supplied air tanks. We cannot use "Scott Air Tanks" commonly used by firefighters and other first responders. NASA has developed a respirator based emergency breathing device. It uses a "one size fits everybody in the astronaut corps" hooded mask with excellent chemical permeability and fire resistance properties, and a filtering respirator cartridge that protects the wearer from ammonia leaks, hydrazine leaks, or products of combustion. If you need a small, lightweight emergency breathing system that lasts longer than a supplied air system, we should meet and learn if NASA sponsored technology development can help.

Workers take off the protective covering on Cassini's propulsion module in SAEF-2

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1997-01-01

Workers take off the protective covering on the propulsion module for the Cassini spacecraft after uncrating the module at KSC's Spacecraft Assembly and Encapsulation Facility-2 (SAEF-2). The extended journey of 6.7 years to Saturn and the 4-year mission for Cassini once it gets there will require the spacecraft to carry a large amount of propellant for inflight trajectory- correction maneuvers and attitude control, particularly during the science observations. The propulsion module has redundant 445-newton main engines that burn nitrogen tetraoxide and monomethyl-hydrazine for main propulsion and 16 smaller 1-newton engines that burn hydrazine to control attitude and to correct small deviations from the spacecraft flight path. Cassini will be launched on a Titan IVB/Centaur expendable launch vehicle. Liftoff is targeted for October 6 from Launch Complex 40, Cape Canaveral Air Station.

Direct N2H4/H2O2 Fuel Cells Powered by Nanoporous Gold Leaves

PubMed Central

Yan, Xiuling; Meng, Fanhui; Xie, Yun; Liu, Jianguo; Ding, Yi

2012-01-01

Dealloyed nanoporous gold leaves (NPGLs) are found to exhibit high electrocatalytic properties toward both hydrazine (N2H4) oxidation and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) reduction. This observation allows the implementation of a direct hydrazine-hydrogen peroxide fuel cell (DHHPFC) based on these novel porous membrane catalysts. The effects of fuel and oxidizer flow rate, concentration and cell temperature on the performance of DHHPFC are systematically investigated. With a loading of ~0.1 mg cm−2 Au on each side, an open circuit voltage (OCV) of 1.2 V is obtained at 80°C with a maximum power density 195 mW cm−2, which is 22 times higher than that of commercial Pt/C electrocatalyst at the same noble metal loading. NPGLs thus hold great potential as effective and stable electrocatalysts for DHHPFCs. PMID:23230507

Performance of a Miniaturized Arcjet

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Sankovic, John M.; Jacobson, David T.

1995-01-01

Performance measurements were obtained and life-limiting mechanisms were identified on a laboratory-model arcjet thruster designed to operate at a nominal power level of 300 W. The design employed a supersonic-arc-attachment concept and was operated from 200 to 400 W on hydrogen/nitrogen mixtures in ratios simulating fully decomposed hydrazine and ammonia. Power was provided by breadboard power processor. Performance was found to be a strong function of propellant flow rate. Anode losses were essentially constant for the range of mass flow rates tested. It is believed that the performance is dominated by viscous effects. Significantly improved performance was noted with simulated ammonia operation. At 300 W the specific impulse on simulated ammonia was 410 s with an efficiency of 0.34, while simulated hydrazine provided 370 s specific impulse at an efficiency of 0.27.

Lower power dc arcjet operations with hydrogen hydrogen/nitrogen propellant mixtures

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Curran, F. M.; Nakanishi, S.

1986-01-01

The arcjet assembly from a flight model system was modified with a new thoriated tungsten nozzle insert and has been tested with hydrogen-nitrogen mixtures simulating the decomposition products of ammonia and hydrazine. Arcjet power consumption ranged from 0.7 to 1.15 kW depending on low rate, input current, and mixture composition. At a nominal 1 kW power level the ammonia mixtures thrust efficiency was about 0.31 at specific impulse values ranging between 460 and 500 sec. Hydrazine mixtures gave similar thrust efficiencies at the same power level with specific impulse values between 395 and 430 sec. Large, spontaneous voltage mode changes were not observed once the thruster had passed a period of instability immediately following start up. This period of instability, and the startup at low pressure, were seen as major causes of constrictor damage during the tests.

Nitrogen supply system based on hydrazine dissociation

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Heppner, D. B.; Quattrone, P. D.

1981-01-01

Future long-duration manned space missions will require a method of generating N2 for cabin leakage makeup and repressurization. Life Systems, working with NASA, is developing a Nitrogen Supply Subsystem (NSS) based on the dissociation of N2H4 into a mixture of H2 and N2. The latter is separated to provide the makeup N2. Recent advances in specific hardware developments have resulted in the design and fabrication of a nominal 3.6 kg/day N2 generation module. The design integrates a N2H4 catalytic dissociator, three ammonia (NH3) dissociation stages and four H2 separation stages into a 33 kg, 14 cu dm module. A technique has been devised to alternate the NH3 dissociation and H2 separation stages to give high N2 purity in the product stream. Tests have shown the product stream to contain less than 0.5 percent H2 and 20 ppm NH3. This paper discusses the development and test activities of the NSS program. It reviews the design, configuration, operation and projected performance characteristics of a 4.4 kg/day NSS suitable for NASA's planned Space Operations Center.

Effects of Hydrazine on Pregnant ICR Mice

DTIC Science & Technology

1980-03-01

4 to 30 mg/kg there was an increasing percentage of litters with soft tissue anomalies with exencephaly and hydronephrosis produced most often...p< 0.01). At 20 mg/kg the largest number of litters and the most fetuses were affected. Exencephaly and hydronephrosis were the most frequently...Microopthalmia i(i) 1(i) Hydronephrosis i(i) i(i) 5(7) i(i) Hypoplasia of 1(i) Teste Undescended i(i) Teste Enlarged 1(i) i(i) Bladder Cleft Palate 1

Laboratory Evaluation of a Colorimetric Hydrazine Dosimeter

DTIC Science & Technology

1990-06-12

4.5 4.5 4 4.3 012 3 3.5 4 3.5 4 4.5 4.5 4.3 59456 014 5 5 5 5.0 5 5.5 5 5.2 014 5.5 6 5 5.5 6 6 6 6.0 GMO COLOR BADGE LOG SHEET TEST 30 1.0. BADGE...3 3.5 3.3 38959 CON .164 0 1.5 1.5 1.5 2 2 2.0 2 2 2.0 2 2 2.0 GMO COLOR BADGE LOG SHEET TEST 84 I.D. BADGE DATE INTER- MMH TIME DOSE RH TEMP POST

The Effects of Hydrazines of Neuronal Excitability

DTIC Science & Technology

1992-01-10

Westbrook, G.L., and Guthrie, P.B. Nature 309, 261, 1984. 47. Nowack, L., Bregestovski, P ., Ascher, P ., Herbet, A ., and Prochiantz, A . Nature 307, 462...NEURONAL EXCITABILITY PE - 61102F PR - 2312 6. AUT;QP(S) TA - A5 Dr Robedrt J. DeLorenzo 7. pERFORMING oRGANIZAntIO NAME(S AND ADORISS(ES) L P !RJORMw4...NISN 7540-OI-ZWOQ0 Stlan~d Faorm 298 (Rov 2.69) P - la o MUSeZ9t S Medical College of Virginia Virginia Commonwealth University January 10, 1992 ji Dr

The Effects of Hydrazines of Neuronal Excitability.

DTIC Science & Technology

1991-12-31

Neurosci. 6, 262, 1983. 39. Latorre, R. Oberhauser, A ., Labarca, P ., and Alvarez, 0. Ann. Rev. Physiol. 51, 385, 1989. 40. Blair L.A. and Dionne V.E. Nature...Westbrook, G.L., and Guthrie, P.B. Nature 309, 261, 1984. 47. Nowack, L., Bregestovski, P ., Ascher, P ., Herbet, A ., and Prochiantz, A . Nature 307, 462...2* Richmond, VA 23298-0599 S.S@SSIOIOIGAGENtcy NAME(1S) AND AOQEE /S(S -- m Dr Cornette AGENCY WJ# A $U AFOSR/NL ’Building 410 Bolling AFB DC 20332-6448

GREENER AND RAPID ACCESS TO BIO-ACTIVE HETEROCYCLES: ROOM TEMPERATURE SYNTHESIS OF PYRAZOLES AND DIAZEPINES IN AQUEOUS MEDIUM

EPA Science Inventory

An expeditious room temperature synthesis of pyrazoles and diazepines by condensation of hydrazines/hydrazides and diamines with various 1,3-diketones is described. This greener protocol was catalyzed by polystyrene supported sulfonic acid (PSSA) and proceeded efficiently in wate...

Arc-Jet Thrustor Development

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Curran, F. M.; Hamley, J. A.; Gruber, R. P.; Sankovic, J. M.; Haag, T. W.; Marren, W. E.; Sarmiento, C. J.; Carney, L.

1993-01-01

Two flight-type 1.4-kW hydrazine arcjet systems developed and tested under Lewis program. Each consists of thrustor, gas generator, and power-processing unit. Performance significantly improved. Technology transferred to user community, and first commercial flight anticipated in 1993.

40 CFR Table 2 to Subpart Jj of... - List of Volatile Hazardous Air Pollutants

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

...-Dichloropropene 542756 Diethanolamine 111422 N,N-Dimethylaniline 121697 Diethyl sulfate 64675 3,3... 79447 N,N-Dimethylformamide 68122 1,1-Dimethylhydrazine 57147 Dimethyl phthalate 131113 Dimethyl sulfate... Hexamethylphosphoramide 680319 Hexane 110543 Hydrazine 302012 Hydroquinone 123319 Isophorone 78591 Maleic anhydride 108316...

40 CFR Table 2 to Subpart Jj of... - List of Volatile Hazardous Air Pollutants

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

...-Dichloropropene 542756 Diethanolamine 111422 N,N-Dimethylaniline 121697 Diethyl sulfate 64675 3,3... 79447 N,N-Dimethylformamide 68122 1,1-Dimethylhydrazine 57147 Dimethyl phthalate 131113 Dimethyl sulfate... Hexamethylphosphoramide 680319 Hexane 110543 Hydrazine 302012 Hydroquinone 123319 Isophorone 78591 Maleic anhydride 108316...

40 CFR Table 2 to Subpart Jj of... - List of Volatile Hazardous Air Pollutants

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

...-Dichloropropene 542756 Diethanolamine 111422 N,N-Dimethylaniline 121697 Diethyl sulfate 64675 3,3... 79447 N,N-Dimethylformamide 68122 1,1-Dimethylhydrazine 57147 Dimethyl phthalate 131113 Dimethyl sulfate... Hexamethylphosphoramide 680319 Hexane 110543 Hydrazine 302012 Hydroquinone 123319 Isophorone 78591 Maleic anhydride 108316...

'GREENER' CHEMICAL SYNTHESES USING ALTERNATE REACTION CONDITIONS

EPA Science Inventory

Microwave (MW) irradiation in conjunction with water as reaction media has proven to be a greener chemical approach for expeditious N-alkylation reactions of amines and hydrazines wherein the reactions under mildly basic conditions afford tertiary amines and double N-alkylation t...

CHEMICAL TRANSFORMATIONS USING NON-TRADITIONAL APPROACHES: MICROWAVE-ASSISTED GREENER SYNTHESES IN AQUEOUS MEDIA OR UNDER SOLVENT-FREE CONDITIONS

EPA Science Inventory

Microwave (MW) irradiation in conjunction with water as reaction media has proven to be a 'greener' chemical approach for expeditious N-alkylation reactions of amines and hydrazines wherein the reactions under mildly basic conditions afford tertiary amines and double N<...