Design and Rationale of the Cognitive Intervention to Improve Memory in Heart Failure Patients Study.

PubMed

Pressler, Susan J; Giordani, Bruno; Titler, Marita; Gradus-Pizlo, Irmina; Smith, Dean; Dorsey, Susan G; Gao, Sujuan; Jung, Miyeon

Memory loss is an independent predictor of mortality among heart failure patients. Twenty-three percent to 50% of heart failure patients have comorbid memory loss, but few interventions are available to treat the memory loss. The aims of this 3-arm randomized controlled trial were to (1) evaluate efficacy of computerized cognitive training intervention using BrainHQ to improve primary outcomes of memory and serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels and secondary outcomes of working memory, instrumental activities of daily living, and health-related quality of life among heart failure patients; (2) evaluate incremental cost-effectiveness of BrainHQ; and (3) examine depressive symptoms and genomic moderators of BrainHQ effect. A sample of 264 heart failure patients within 4 equal-sized blocks (normal/low baseline cognitive function and gender) will be randomly assigned to (1) BrainHQ, (2) active control computer-based crossword puzzles, and (3) usual care control groups. BrainHQ is an 8-week, 40-hour program individualized to each patient's performance. Data collection will be completed at baseline and at 10 weeks and 4 and 8 months. Descriptive statistics, mixed model analyses, and cost-utility analysis using intent-to-treat approach will be computed. This research will provide new knowledge about the efficacy of BrainHQ to improve memory and increase serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels in heart failure. If efficacious, the intervention will provide a new therapeutic approach that is easy to disseminate to treat a serious comorbid condition of heart failure.

Electronic Warfare Systems Career Ladder, AFSC 456X1A/B.

DTIC Science & Technology

1991-04-01

En .. 𔃾- (AS L o t.. 4 - 0 L. 0 IXtC SL U41 .004- -C . W a 3 2 ) P- C XL x1. C4’ X O b .4 -J L. 0...2 Im 1m 1 AL/HRD/ID 1 1M lm/lh1 ARMY OCCUPATIONAL SURVEY BRANCH 1 CCAF/AYX 1 DEFENSE TECHNICAL INFORMATION CENTER 2 DE1 3 , USAFOMS (KEESLER AFB MS) 1...1 i HQ AFISC/DAP 2 HQ AFLC/DPMAE 3 HQ AFSC/DPAL 3 3 HQ AFSC/TTA 1 1 HQ ATC/DPAE 3 3 HQ ATC/TTOA 2 1 HQ ESC/DPTE 3 3 HQ ESC/TTA 1 1 HQ MAC/DPAT 3 3

Engineering Assistant Career Ladder AFS 553XO.

DTIC Science & Technology

1983-12-01

2 2 2 HQ AFESC/DEP 1 1 1HQ AFISC/DAP I I HQ AFLC/MPCA 3 3 3HQ AFSC/MPAT 3 3 3HQ ATC/DPAE I I IHQ ATC/TTQC 1 1 1HQ MAC/DPAT 3 3 3HQ PACAF/DPAL 1 1...senior 553X0 personnel also completed a second booklet for either training emphasis (TE) or task difficulty ( TD ). The TE and TD booklets were processed

DoD Biometrics Collaboration Forum 25-27 Jan 2011. Event Report

DTIC Science & Technology

2011-03-01

GS-15 Level Staffing Marine Corps Action Tracking System ( MCATS ) Entered Staffing 21 December 2010 HQ USMC Receiving Staff Comments GO...SES Level Staffing MCATS TBD HQ USMC Assistant Commandant of the TBD HQ USMC 2011 DoD Biometrics Collaboration Forum Event Report 13...O-6/GS-15 Staffing MCATS Late March 2011 HQ USMC GO/SES Staffing MCATS Early April 2011 HQ USMC ACMC Signature TBD HQ USMC USMC

Synthesis and Characterization of a New Hydroquinone Derivative: Disodium p-Phenylene Diisostearyl Diphosphate.

PubMed

Hisama, Masayoshi; Matsuda, Sanae; Arai, Junichi; Masui, Katsunobu; Yamamura, Haruo

2015-01-01

A novel amphiphilic hydroquinone derivative having a C18 alkyl chain phosphate attached to the hydroquinone (HQ) moiety was chemically synthesized. The thermal stability, distribution between organic and aqueous phases, and in vitro skin permeability were evaluated. This HQ derivative was identified as disodium p-phenylene diisostearyl diphosphate (HQ-2P2IS) by UV, infrared, mass, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopies. Product HQ-2P2IS was obtained in good yield (56%), and it exhibited satisfactory stability in neutral solution, comparable to that of HQ. Its skin permeability was also higher than that of HQ. HQ-2P2IS is susceptible to enzymatic hydrolysis by tissue phosphatase, which releases HQ in the skin tissues. Thus, these characteristics indicate that the novel hydroquinone derivative presented herein, i.e., HQ-2P2IS, may serve as an effective pro-hydroquinone for skin care applications.

Effect of timing of joint application of hydroquinone and dicyandiamide on nitrous oxide emission from irrigated lowland rice paddy field.

PubMed

Li, Xianglan; Zhang, Guangbin; Xu, Hua; Cai, Zucong; Yagi, Kazuyuki

2009-06-01

A field experiment was conducted to study the effect of timing of joint application of urease inhibitor hydroquinone (HQ) and nitrification inhibitor dicyandiamide (DCD) on N(2)O emission from irrigated lowland rice paddy field. Four treatments including Treatment CK (the control with urea alone), HQ/DCD-1 (application of HQ and DCD together with fertilizer before transplanting), HQ/DCD-2 (HQ and DCD with fertilizer at tillering stage) and HQ/DCD-3 (HQ and DCD with fertilizer at panicle initiation stage) were designed and implemented separately during rice growth period. Seasonal peaks of N(2)O flux occurred during midseason drainage and significant negative correlation between N(2)O flux and water layer depth was observed (r=-0.69 to -0.75, P<0.01). Mean N(2)O flux was the highest in the control with urea alone, while joint addition of HQ and DCD with urea lowered mean N(2)O flux considerably (P<0.05). Total N(2)O emission during rice growth season in Treatment CK, HQ/DCD-1, HQ/DCD-2 and HQ/DCD-3 was 3.90, 2.98, 1.73 and 3.23kgN(2)O-N ha(-1), respectively. Application of HQ and DCD together with basal fertilizer, tillering fertilizer and panicle initiation fertilizer decreased the total N(2)O emission by 24%, 56% and 17%, respectively, while increased grain yield by 10%, 18% and 6%, respectively. Effect of application of inhibitors on N(2)O emission during the continuous period from incorporation of HQ and DCD to rice harvest was also studied, where results indicating that the highest inhibiting efficiency of inhibitors on N(2)O emission was recorded when HQ and DCD applied with fertilizer at tillering stage.

Metabolic fate and disposition of [14C]hydroquinone given orally to Sprague-Dawley rats.

PubMed

Divincenzo, G D; Hamilton, M L; Reynolds, R C; Ziegler, D A

1984-10-01

Hydroquinone (HQ) is used widely in industry and in commerce and is considered to have a low degree of toxicity. Although the metabolism of HQ has been studied elsewhere, a complete materials balance has not been reported. We investigated the metabolism of HQ in naive and HQ pretreated male Sprague-Dawley rats. [14C]HQ was administered by gavage in single doses of 5, 30, or 200 mg/kg to naive rats. HQ was given repeatedly by gavage to male rats at 200 mg/kg for 4 consecutive days followed by a single dose with 200 mg/kg of [14C]HQ. In separate studies rats were fed 5.6% unlabeled HQ in the diet for 2 days or were dosed by gavage with 311 mg/kg [14C]HQ. The excretion patterns of [14C]HQ and its metabolites were similar for rats dosed singly or repeatedly. Rats given a single dose of 200 mg/kg of [14C]HQ excreted 91.9% of the dose in the urine within 2-4 days; 3.8% was excreted in the feces, about 0.4% was excreted in expired air, and 1.2% remained in the carcass. Radioactivity was widely distributed throughout the tissues with higher concentrations in the liver and kidneys. A decrease in 14C tissue concentrations occurred from 48 to 96 h. The only radiolabeled compounds in the urine were HQ (1.1-8.6% of the dose), hydroquinone monosulfate (25-42%), and hydroquinone monoglucuronide (56-66%). Similar findings were observed for rats given HQ in the feed. There were no significant increases from controls for absolute or relative liver weights, liver microsomal protein concentrations, cytochrome b-5, cytochrome P-450 or cytochrome c reductase activity in rats dosed repeatedly with 200 mg/kg HQ. Cytochrome P-450 values were slightly but significantly decreased in rats dosed repeatedly with HQ compared with controls.

A Randomized, Investigator-Blinded Comparison of Two Topical Regimens in Fitzpatrick Skin Types III-VI With Moderate to Severe Facial Hyperpigmentation.

PubMed

Vanaman Wilson, Monique J; Jones, Isabela T; Bolton, Joanna; Larsen, Lisa; Wu, Douglas C; Goldman, Mitchel P

2017-11-01

Purpose: Though hydroquinone (HQ) remains the gold standard for treatment of hyperpigmentation, concerns about its safety have prompted the development of HQ-free topical skin lightening systems. To compare the efficacy and tolerability of a new HQ-free system and a popular HQ-based system for the improvement of facial hyperpigmentation and photoaging in darker skin types. This investigator-blinded trial randomized 30 subjects of Fitzpatrick skin types III to VI with moderate to severe hyperpigmentation to a new 7-product HQ-free system or a 7-product HQ-based system for 12 weeks. At 4, 8, and 12 week follow-up visits, a blinded investigator assessed efficacy and tolerability using standardized scales. Subjects also performed a self-assessment at each visit. Both the HQ-free and HQ-based systems produced significant improvements in Overall Hyperpigmentation that were sustained through week 12 (P=0.008, 0.0003). The HQ-based system demonstrated better improvement in overall hyperpigmentation at weeks 4, 8, 12 (P=0.01, 0.001, 0.003, respectively). Mottled Pigmentation Area Severity Index (MoPASI) scores improved with both systems (P=0.02, 0.01), with no statistically significant differences between the two treatment groups. Subject-rated hyperpigmentation was not different between groups. Subjects reported significantly more discomfort with the HQ-free system at week 8 (P=0.02); otherwise, measures of irritation were the same between groups. All irritation was described as mild to moderate. At week 12, 100% of subjects in the HQ-free group and 92.3% of subjects in the HQ-based group were satisfied with their outcome. Both a new HQ-free skincare system and a widely-available HQ-based system improved hyperpigmentation in Fitzpatrick skin types III to VI. Though the HQ-based system produced greater improvement in hyperpigmentation when compared to the HQ-free system, there was no difference in MoPASI scores between the treatment groups. Subjects were satisfied with both treatments and reported only mild to moderate irritation using either system.

J Drugs Dermatol. 2017;16(11):1127-1132.

Atrazine sorption by hydroxy-interlayered clays and their organic complexes.

PubMed

Indraratne, Srimathie P; Farenhorst, Annemieke; Goh, Tee Boon

2008-01-01

This study examined the sorption of atrazine by hydroxy-Fe interlayered montmorillonite (FeMt) and its hydroquinone (FeMtHQ), citrate (FeMtCt) and catechol (FeMtCC) complexes as well as by hydroxy-Al interlayered montmorillonite (AlMt) and its hydroquinone (AlMtHQ) and citrate (AlMtCt) complexes. Found among the clays were sorption distribution coefficients (K(d)) ranging from 24 to 123 mL g(-1) and maximum sorption (M) ranging from 2.2 to 16.8 microg g(-1). Both K(d) and M decreased in the order of FeMtCC > FeMtHQ > AlMtHQ > (AlMt = FeMt) > (AlMtCt = FeMtCt). The pH was negatively correlated with both K(d) (r = -0.90, p < 0.001) and M (r = -0.81, p < 0.001). When interlayered clays were associated with humified material (FeMtCC, FeMtHQ, AlMtHQ), both K(d) (r > 0.96, p < 0.01) and M (r > 0.94, p < 0.01) were highly positively correlated with total organic C and alkali-soluble C. However, clays with non-humified organic compounds (FeMtCt and AlMtCt) sorbed less atrazine than clays without any organic C (FeMt and AlMt). This suggests that functional groups of Fe-OH and Al-OH in FeMt and AlMt reduced the available sorption sites for atrazine by making complexes with citrate ions while forming FeMtCt and AlMtCt. The atrazine was sorbed through the hydrophobic interactions with organic compound surfaces as well as through H-bonding and ionic bonding with clay-mineral surfaces.

Hydroquinone-induced FOXP3-ADAM17-Lyn-Akt-p21 signaling axis promotes malignant progression of human leukemia U937 cells.

PubMed

Chen, Ying-Jung; Liu, Wen-Hsin; Chang, Long-Sen

2017-02-01

Hydroquinone (1,4-benzenediol; HQ), a major marrow metabolite of the leukemogen benzene, has been proven to evoke benzene-related hematological disorders and myelotoxicity in vitro and in vivo. The goal of the present study was to explore the role of FOXP3 in HQ-induced malignant progression of U937 human leukemia cells. U937 cells were treated with 5 μM HQ for 24 h, and the cells were re-suspended in serum-containing medium without HQ for 2 days. The same procedure was repeated three times, and the resulting U937/HQ cells were maintained in cultured medium containing 5 μM HQ. Proliferation and colony formation of U937/HQ cells were notably higher than those of U937 cells. Ten-eleven translocation methylcytosine dioxygenase-mediated demethylation of the Treg-specific demethylated region in FOXP3 gene resulted in higher FOXP3 expression in U937/HQ cells than in U937 cells. FOXP3-induced miR-183 expression reduced β-TrCP mRNA stability and suppressed β-TrCP-mediated Sp1 degradation, leading to up-regulation of Sp1 expression in U937/HQ cells. Sp1 up-regulation further increased ADAM17 and Lyn expression, and ADAM17 up-regulation stimulated Lyn activation in U937/HQ cells. Moreover, U937/HQ cells showed higher Lyn-mediated Akt activation and cytoplasmic p21 expression than U937 cells did. Abolishment of Akt activation decreased cytoplasmic p21 expression in U937/HQ cells. Suppression of FOXP3, ADAM17, and Lyn expression, as well as Akt inactivation, repressed proliferation and clonogenicity of U937/HQ cells. Together with the finding that cytoplasmic p21 shows anti-apoptotic and oncogenic activities in cancer cells, the present data suggest a role of FOXP3/ADAM17/Lyn/Akt/p21 signaling axis in HQ-induced hematological disorders.

ARC-2010-ACD10-0011

NASA Image and Video Library

2010-01-26

Small Business Council meeting hosed by NASA Ames Research Center: Naeemah Lee, H.Q., Cheryl Harrison, JSC, Gil DelVaile, GSRC, Mary Helen Ruiz, JPL, David Grove, HQ, John Cecconi, NSSC, Sandra Morris, HQ/OP, Michelle Stracener, SSC, Randy Manning, LaRC, Vernon Vann, LaRC, David Brock, MSFC, Ben Henson, MSFC, Larry Third, KSC, Robert Medina, DFRC, Christine Munroe, ARC, Lupe M. Velasquez, ARC, Monica F. Craft, JSC (?), Angel Castillo, NMO, Timothy C Pierce, GRC, Charles Williams, JSC, Jennifer Perez, GSFC, Rosa Acevedo, GSFC, Glenn A Delgado, HQ/Assoc Admin for Small Business, Tabisa Tepfer, HQ/OSBP/MORIAssoc, Richard Mann, HQ/OSBP

Risk assessment of skin lightening cosmetics containing hydroquinone.

PubMed

Matsumoto, Mariko; Todo, Hiroaki; Akiyama, Takumi; Hirata-Koizumi, Mutsuko; Sugibayashi, Kenji; Ikarashi, Yoshiaki; Ono, Atsushi; Hirose, Akihiko; Yokoyama, Kazuhito

2016-11-01

Following reports on potential risks of hydroquinone (HQ), HQ for skin lightening has been banned or restricted in Europe and the US. In contrast, HQ is not listed as a prohibited or limited ingredient for cosmetic use in Japan, and many HQ cosmetics are sold without restriction. To assess the risk of systemic effects of HQ, we examined the rat skin permeation rates of four HQ (0.3%, 1.0%, 2.6%, and 3.3%) cosmetics. The permeation coefficients ranged from 1.2 × 10 -9 to 3.1 × 10 -7  cm/s, with the highest value superior than the HQ aqueous solution (1.6 × 10 -7  cm/s). After dermal application of the HQ cosmetics to rats, HQ in plasma was detected only in the treatment by highest coefficient cosmetic. Absorbed HQ levels treated with this highest coefficient cosmetic in humans were estimated by numerical methods, and we calculated the margin of exposure (MOE) for the estimated dose (0.017 mg/kg-bw/day in proper use) to a benchmark dose for rat renal tubule adenomas. The MOE of 559 is judged to be in a range safe for the consumer. However, further consideration may be required for regulation of cosmetic ingredients. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Complementary effect of hydroquinone and retinoic acid on corneocyte desquamation with their combination use.

PubMed

Cheong, Kyung Ah; Lee, Tae Ryong; Lee, Ai-Young

2017-08-01

Retinoic acid (RA) enhances skin-lightening capabilities of hydroquinone (HQ), at least in part, by facilitating desquamation which leads to increase penetration of HQ. The desquamation also affects skin irritation levels. The mechanism of RA-induced desquamation, however, has not been completely explored and no such data has been available for HQ uses. To examine the role of HQ, RA, and their combination in the desquamation. Primary cultured normal human keratinocytes, which were treated with HQ and/or RA in presence or absence of serine-specific inhibitor Kazal type5 (SPINK5)/lympho-epithelial Kazal-type-related inhibitor (LEKTI) knockdown or recombinant human SPINK5/LEKTI, and biopsied skin samples applied with HQ or RA were examined. Expression levels of corneodesmosin (CDSN), desmocollin1 (DSC1), kallikrein5 (KLK5), KLK7, and SPINK5/LEKTI, and proteolysis activity against extracted human skin epidermal protein were determined using time-course real-time PCR, Western blotting, ELISA, and immunofluorescence staining. HQ increased but RA decreased the synthesis of CDSN and DSC1. HQ reduced corneodesmosome degradation by the upregulation of SPINK5/LEKTI, whereas RA showed opposite results without upregulation of SPINK5/LEKTI. The combination of HQ and RA was close to the sum of the individual components. HQ reduced corneocyte desquamation. However, RA enhanced desquamation. The combination induced more desquamation than HQ but less than RA. Copyright © 2017 Japanese Society for Investigative Dermatology. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

10′(Z),13′(E)-Heptadecadienylhydroquinone Inhibits Swarming and Virulence Factors and Increases Polymyxin B Susceptibility in Proteus mirabilis

PubMed Central

Wang, Won-Bo; Yuan, Yu-Han; Hsueh, Po-Ren; Liaw, Shwu-Jen

2012-01-01

In this study, we demonstrated that 10′(Z), 13′(E)-heptadecadienylhydroquinone (HQ17-2), isolated from the lacquer tree, could decrease swarming motility and hemolysin activity but increase polymyxin B (PB) susceptibilityof Proteus mirabilis which is intrinsically highly-resistant to PB. The increased PB susceptibility induced by HQ17-2 was also observed in clinical isolates and biofilm-grown cells. HQ17-2 could inhibit swarming in the wild-type and rppA mutant but not in the rcsB mutant, indicating that HQ17-2 inhibits swarming through the RcsB-dependent pathway, a two-component signaling pathway negatively regulating swarming and virulence factor expression. The inhibition of hemolysin activity by HQ17-2 is also mediated through the RcsB-dependent pathway, because HQ17-2 could not inhibit hemolysin activity in the rcsB mutant. Moreover, the finding that HQ17-2 inhibits the expression of flhDC gene in the wild-type and rcsB-complemented strain but not in the rcsB mutant supports the notion. By contrast, HQ17-2 could increase PB susceptibility in the wild-type and rcsB mutant but not in the rppA mutant, indicating that HQ17-2 increases PB susceptibility through the RppA-dependent pathway, a signaling pathway positively regulating PB resistance. In addition, HQ17-2 could inhibit the promoter activities of rppA and pmrI, a gene positively regulated by RppA and involved in PB resistance, in the wild-type but not in the rppA mutant. The inhibition of rppA and pmrI expression caused lipopolysaccharide purified from HQ17-2-treated cells to have higher affinity for PB. Altogether, this study uncovers new biological effects of HQ17-2 and provides evidence for the potential of HQ17-2 in clinical applications. PMID:23029100

Inhibition of autophagy enhances Hydroquinone-induced TK6 cell death.

PubMed

Xu, Longmei; Liu, Jiaxian; Chen, Yuting; Yun, Lin; Chen, Shaoyun; Zhou, Kairu; Lai, Bei; Song, Li; Yang, Hui; Liang, Hairong; Tang, Huanwen

2017-06-01

Hydroquinone (HQ), one of the metabolic products of benzene, is a carcinogen. It can induce apoptosis in lymphoma cells. However, whether HQ can induce autophagy and what roles autophagy plays in TK6 cells exposured to HQ remains unclear. In this study, we found that HQ could induce autophagy through techniques of qRT-PCR, Western blot, immunofluorescent assay of LC3 and transmission electron microscope. Furthermore, inhibiting autophagy using 3-methyladenine (3-MA) or chloroquine (CQ) significantly enhanced HQ-induced cell apoptosis, suggesting that autophagy may be a survival mechanism. Our study also showed that HQ activated PARP-1. Moreover, knockdown of PARP-1 strongly exhibited decreased autophagy related genes expression. In contrast, the absence of SIRT1 increased that. Altogether, our data provided evidence that HQ induced autophagy in TK6 cells and autophagy protected TK6 from HQ attack-induced injury in vitro, and the autophagy was partially mediated via activation of the PARP-1-SIRT1 signaling pathway. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Development and initial cohort validation of the Arthritis Research UK Musculoskeletal Health Questionnaire (MSK-HQ) for use across musculoskeletal care pathways

PubMed Central

Hill, Jonathan C; Kang, Sujin; Benedetto, Elena; Myers, Helen; Blackburn, Steven; Smith, Stephanie; Hay, Elaine; Rees, Jonathan; Beard, David; Glyn-Jones, Sion; Barker, Karen; Ellis, Benjamin; Fitzpatrick, Ray; Price, Andrew

2016-01-01

Objectives Current musculoskeletal outcome tools are fragmented across different healthcare settings and conditions. Our objectives were to develop and validate a single musculoskeletal outcome measure for use throughout the pathway and patients with different musculoskeletal conditions: the Arthritis Research UK Musculoskeletal Health Questionnaire (MSK-HQ). Setting A consensus workshop with stakeholders from across the musculoskeletal community, workshops and individual interviews with a broad mix of musculoskeletal patients identified and prioritised outcomes for MSK-HQ inclusion. Initial psychometric validation was conducted in four cohorts from community physiotherapy, and secondary care orthopaedic hip, knee and shoulder clinics. Participants Stakeholders (n=29) included primary care, physiotherapy, orthopaedic and rheumatology patients (n=8); general practitioners, physiotherapists, orthopaedists, rheumatologists and pain specialists (n=7), patient and professional national body representatives (n=10), and researchers (n=4). The four validation cohorts included 570 participants (n=210 physiotherapy, n=150 hip, n=150 knee, n=60 shoulder patients). Outcome measures Outcomes included the MSK-HQ's acceptability, feasibility, comprehension, readability and responder burden. The validation cohort outcomes were the MSK-HQ's completion rate, test–retest reliability and convergent validity with reference standards (EQ-5D-5L, Oxford Hip, Knee, Shoulder Scores, and the Keele MSK-PROM). Results Musculoskeletal domains prioritised were pain severity, physical function, work interference, social interference, sleep, fatigue, emotional health, physical activity, independence, understanding, confidence to self-manage and overall impact. Patients reported MSK-HQ items to be ‘highly relevant’ and ‘easy to understand’. Completion rates were high (94.2%), with scores normally distributed, and no floor/ceiling effects. Test–retest reliability was excellent, and convergent validity was strong (correlations 0.81–0.88). Conclusions A new musculoskeletal outcome measure has been developed through a coproduction process with patients to capture prioritised outcomes for use throughout the pathway and with different musculoskeletal conditions. Four validation cohorts found that the MSK-HQ had high completion rates, excellent test–retest reliability and strong convergent validity with reference standards. Further validation studies are ongoing, including a cohort with rheumatoid/inflammatory arthritis. PMID:27496243

Processus de modelisation et etude des orages geomagnetiques dans les reseaux electriques: Impact sur le reseau de transport d'Hydro-Quebec

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Abdellaoui, Amr

This research project presents a complete modelling process of the effects of GIC on Hydro-Quebec power system network for system planning studies. The advantage of the presented method is that it enables planning engineers to simulate the effects of geomagnetic disturbances on the Hydro-Quebec System under different conditions and contingencies within reasonable calculation time frame. This modelling method of GIC in electric power systems has been applied to the Hydro-Quebec System. An equivalent HQ DC model has been achieved. A numerical calculation method of DC sources from a non-uniform geoelectric field has been developed and implemented on HQ DC model. Harmonics and increased reactive power losses of saturated transformers have been defined as a function of GIC through a binary search algorithm using a chosen HQ magnetization curve. The evolution in time of each transformer saturation according to its effective GIC has been evaluated using analytical formulas. The reactive power losses of saturated transformers have been modeled in PSS/E[1] HQ network as constant reactive current loads assigned to the corresponding transformer buses. Finally, time domain simulations have been performed with PSS/E taking into account transformer saturation times. This has been achieved by integrating HQ DC model results and analytical calculations results of transformer saturation times into an EMTP load model. An interface has been used to link EMTP load model to HQ PSS/E network. Different aspects of GIC effects on the Hydro-Quebec system have been studied, including the influence of uniform and non-uniform geoelectric fields, the comparison of reactive power losses of the 735kV HQ system with those of Montreal network, the risks to voltage levels and the importance of reactive power dynamic reserve. This dissertation presents a new GIC modelling approach for power systems for planning and operations purposes. This methodology could be further enhanced, particularly, the aspect regarding the transformer saturation times. Hence more research remains to be pursued in this area.

Air Force Logistics Command DCS/Materiel Management 1988-9 Master Plan

DTIC Science & Technology

1988-10-01

MMMAI, AUTOVON 787-2587 Member: Mr James Gibbs, HQ AFLC/MMMES, AUTOVON 787-3407 PROJECT SPONSOR: Mr Steve Stewart, HQ AFLC/MMME, AUTOVON 787-5280 HQ...AFLC OPR: Mr James Gibbs, HQ AFLC/MMMES, AUTOVON 787-3407 PROBLEM STATEMENT: Item managers do not have a procedure to analyze the economic costs and/or...513) 429-0055 Contractor: The Analytic Sciences Corporation (Contact) Mr Rich Mabe , (513) 426-1040 PROJECT SPONSOR: Lt Col Michael Williams, HQ USAF

[Effect of hydroquinone on the histone deacetylase in human bone marrow mononuclear cells].

PubMed

Hong, L L; Yu, K; Yan, Q X; Xu, X; Shi, Y F; Ge, H P

2016-03-20

To observe the activity of histone deacetylase and the mRNA expression level of HDAC1 and HDAC2 in human bone marrow mononuclear cells, which induced by hydroquinone and exposed to hydroquinone plus Trichostatin as a histone deacetylase inhibitor for 10 hours respectively. Collect the bone marrow mononuclear cells suspension,divided into control group,HQ group (3 h, 6 h, 12 h, 24 h) , HQ+TSA 10 h group and HQ 10 h group. Extract the nuclear proteins and RNA, test the activity of histone deacetylase with the colorimetric HDAC assay kit and detect the mRNA expression level of HDAC1 and HDAC2 by real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). The HDAC activity of HQ3 h group, HQ6 h group and HQ12 h group were 1.31 times, 1.53 times and 1.148 times than that of control group respectively. And the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Except the HQ24 h group (P>0.05) , the HDAC1 mRNA expression of HQ3 h group, HQ6 h group and HQ12 h group were 1.173 times, 1.901 times and 2.348 times than that of control group respectively. And the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). The HDAC2 mRNA expression of HQ6 h group and HQ12 h group were 1.426 times and 1.766 times than that of the control group respectively. And the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). No significant difference was observed between HQ3 h group, HQ24 h group and control group (P>0.05). The cells were treated by hydroquinone plus TSA for 10 hours. The HDAC activity of HQ+TSA 10h group was reduced by 25.6% than that of HQ 10 h group (P<0.05) and rised 13.0% compared to the control group (P<0.05). And the difference was statistically significant between groups (P<0.05) .The cells were treated by hydroquinone plus TSA for 10 hours. The HDAC1 mRNA expression of the HQ+TSA 10h group is reduced by 26.9% than that of HQ10h group. The HDAC2 mRNA expression is reduced by 19.3% compared to the HQ 10h group.And the difference was statistically significant between groups (P<0.05). The HDAC1 and HDAC2 mRNA expression is obviously higher than the control group, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Treatment of hydroquinone, the histone deacetylase activity and the mRNA expression of HDAC1 and HDAC2 were increased in a certain time range. The histone deacetylase inhibitor (TSA) can reduce the histone deacetylase activity and the mRNA expression level of HDAC1 and HDAC2 in the bone marrow mononuclear cell induce by hydroquinone.It can be confirmed that hematopoietic damage induced by the benzene metabolites is related to the histone acetylation modification level.

32 CFR 806.26 - Addressing FOIA requests.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... (AFMC): HQ AFMC/SCDP, 4225 Logistics Avenue, Suite 6, Wright-Patterson AFB, OH 45433-5745. (4) Air Force..., Suite 2300, Arlington, VA 22209-2802. (3) Air Force Center for Environmental Excellence (AFCEE): HQ... (AFOSI): HQ AFOSI/SCR, P. O. Box 2218, Waldorf, MD 20604-2218. (10) Air Force Personnel Center (AFPC): HQ...

32 CFR 806.26 - Addressing FOIA requests.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... (AFMC): HQ AFMC/SCDP, 4225 Logistics Avenue, Suite 6, Wright-Patterson AFB, OH 45433-5745. (4) Air Force..., Suite 2300, Arlington, VA 22209-2802. (3) Air Force Center for Environmental Excellence (AFCEE): HQ... (AFOSI): HQ AFOSI/SCR, P. O. Box 2218, Waldorf, MD 20604-2218. (10) Air Force Personnel Center (AFPC): HQ...

Fuel Jettisoning by U.S. Air Force Aircraft. Volume II. Fuel Dump Listings.

DTIC Science & Technology

1980-03-01

C 󈧇 3 0 3’ .’. 9 A, MOOC -3 0 ftC’C’C’* ’ V CC’V N0 04*4C C -C’U~ 0 UN QO ’UC ’ ’UC ’C Coo I 0 0 0 0C𔃺 00C 0000 0 00 MI 00 OI ’Q 000 00 ’r 00 0 4 0...Environmental OSAF/QI 1 Hygiene Agency-HSE-EA 2 AFIT/LSGM 1 OASD/(I&L)EES 1 AFIT/ Library 1 ARPA 1 AFIT/DE 1 AFMSC/SGPA 1 R&D/EQ/Code 3021 1 Hq AFRES...HqUSAFA/ Library 1 AFWL/StJL (Tech Lib) 1 Hq AFESC/TST 1 AFTEC/SGB 1 OL-AD/OEHL 1 Hq AFRES/SGB 1 OUSDR&E 1 4TFW/DOV 1 Hq AAC/DEV 1 Hq AFESC/RDVCA 9 Hq AFLC

Hydroquinone stimulates cell invasion through activator protein-1-dependent induction of MMP-9 in HepG2 human hepatoma cells.

PubMed

Yu, Mi-Hee; Lee, Syng-Ook

2016-03-01

Hydroquinone (HQ) is a well-known environmental carcinogen and exposure of humans to HQ can also occur through plant foods, cosmetics, and tobacco products. Although liver is a major organ metabolizing HQ and susceptible to its toxicity, role of HQ in metastatic progression of human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains unclear. In this study, we examined the effect of HQ on the invasion of HCC cells and its underlying molecular mechanisms. HQ strongly induced matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) expression and secretion in HepG2 human hepatoma cells, which were well correlated with increased cell invasion. Mechanistic studies further demonstrated that HQ induced transcriptional activity of MMP-9 gene by activating activator protein-1 (AP-1), the well-known key element mediating MMP-9 gene expression, via MAP kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways. These results suggest that HQ may promote metastatic progression of HCC, although data on in vivo hydroquinone exposure and risk for HCC are contradictory. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Influence of dihydroxybenzenes on paracetamol and ciprofloxacin degradation and iron(III) reduction in Fenton processes.

PubMed

Costa E Silva, Beatriz; de Lima Perini, João Angelo; Nogueira, Raquel F Pupo

2017-03-01

The degradation of paracetamol (PCT) and ciprofloxacin (CIP) was compared in relation to the generation of dihydroxylated products, Fe(III) reduction and reaction rate in the presence of dihydroxybenzene (DHB) compounds, or under irradiation with free iron (Fe 3+ ) or citrate complex (Fecit) in Fenton or photo-Fenton process. The formation of hydroquinone (HQ) was observed only during PCT degradation in the dark, which increased drastically the rate of PCT degradation, since HQ formed was able to reduce Fe 3+ and contributed to PCT degradation efficiency. When HQ was initially added, PCT and CIP degradation rate in the dark was much higher in comparison to the absence of HQ, due to the higher and faster formation of Fe 2+ at the beginning of reaction. In the absence of HQ, no CIP degradation was observed; however, when HQ was added after 30 min, the degradation rate increased drastically. Ten PCT hydroxylated intermediates were identified in the absence of HQ, which could contribute for Fe(III) reduction and consequently to the degradation in a similar way as HQ. During CIP degradation, only one product of hydroxyl radical attack on benzene ring and substitution of the fluorine atom was identified when HQ was added to the reaction medium.

Neuroprotection and reduced gliosis by pre- and post-treatments of hydroquinone in a gerbil model of transient cerebral ischemia.

PubMed

Park, Joon Ha; Park, Chan Woo; Ahn, Ji Hyeon; Choi, Soo Young; Shin, Myoung Cheol; Cho, Jun Hwi; Lee, Tae-Kyeong; Kim, In Hye; Cho, Jeong Hwi; Lee, Jae-Chul; Kim, Yang Hee; Kim, Young-Myeong; Kim, Jong-Dai; Tae, Hyun-Jin; Shin, Bich Na; Bae, Eun Joo; Chen, Bai Hui; Won, Moo-Ho; Kang, Il Jun

2017-12-25

Hydroquinone (HQ), a major metabolite of benzene, exists in many plant-derived food and products. Although many studies have addressed biological properties of HQ including the regulation of immune responses and antioxidant activity, neuroprotective effects of HQ following ischemic insults have not yet been considered. Therefore, in this study, we examined neuroprotective effects of HQ against ischemic damage in the gerbil hippocampal cornu ammonis 1 (CA1) region following 5 min of transient cerebral ischemia. We found that pre- and post-treatments with 50 and 100 mg/kg of HQ protected CA1 pyramidal neurons from ischemic insult. Especially, pre- and post-treatments with 100 mg/kg of HQ showed strong neuroprotective effects against ischemic damage. In addition, pre- and post-treatments with 100 mg/kg of HQ significantly attenuated activations of astrocytes and microglia in the ischemic CA1 region compared to the vehicle-treated-ischemia-operated group. Briefly, these results show that pre- and post-treatments with HQ can protect neurons from transient cerebral ischemia and strongly attenuate ischemia-induced glial activation in the hippocampal CA1 region, and indicate that HQ can be used for both prevention and therapy of ischemic injury. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

The benzene metabolite, hydroquinone and etoposide both induce endoreduplication in human lymphoblastoid TK6 cells

PubMed Central

Ji, Zhiying; Zhang, Luoping; Guo, Weihong; McHale, Cliona M.; Smith, Martyn T.

2009-01-01

Both occupational exposure to the leukemogen benzene and in vitro exposure to its metabolite hydroquinone (HQ) lead to the induction of numerical and structural chromosome changes. Several studies have shown that HQ can form DNA adducts, disrupt microtubule assembly and inhibit DNA topoisomerase II (topo II) activity. As these are potential mechanisms underlying endoreduplication (END), a phenomenon that involves DNA amplification without corresponding cell division, we hypothesized that HQ could cause END. We measured END in the human lymphoblastoid cell line, TK6, treated with HQ (0–20 μM) and etoposide (0–0.2 μM) for 48 h. Etoposide was used as a positive control as it is a topo II poison and established human leukemogen that has previously been shown to induce END in Chinese hamster ovary cells. Both HQ and etoposide significantly induced END in a dose-dependent manner (Ptrend < 0.0001 and Ptrend = 0.0003, respectively). Since END may underlie the acquisition of high chromosome numbers by tumour cells, it may play a role in inducing genomic instability and subsequent carcinogenesis from HQ and etoposide. In order to further explore the cytogenetic effects of HQ and etoposide, we also examined specific structural changes. HQ did not induce translocations of chromosome 11 [t(11;?)] but significantly induced translocations of chromosome 21 [t(21;?)] and structural chromosome aberrations (SCA) (Ptrend = 0.0415 and Ptrend < 0.0001, respectively). Etoposide potently induced all these structural changes (Ptrend < 0.0001). The lack of an effect of HQ on t(11;?) and the reduced ability of HQ to induce t(21;?) and SCA, compared with etoposide, further suggests that HQ acts primarily as a topo II catalytic inhibitor rather than as a topo II poison in intact human cells. PMID:19491217

Polyaminoquinoline iron chelators for vectorization of antiproliferative agents: design, synthesis, and validation.

PubMed

Corcé, Vincent; Morin, Emmanuelle; Guihéneuf, Solène; Renault, Eric; Renaud, Stéphanie; Cannie, Isabelle; Tripier, Raphaël; Lima, Luís M P; Julienne, Karine; Gouin, Sébastien G; Loréal, Olivier; Deniaud, David; Gaboriau, François

2012-09-19

Iron chelation in tumoral cells has been reported as potentially useful during antitumoral treatment. Our aim was to develop new polyaminoquinoline iron chelators targeting tumoral cells. For this purpose, we designed, synthesized, and evaluated the biological activity of a new generation of iron chelators, which we named Quilamines, based on an 8-hydroxyquinoline (8-HQ) scaffold linked to linear polyamine vectors. These were designed to target tumor cells expressing an overactive polyamine transport system (PTS). A set of Quilamines bearing variable polyamine chains was designed and assessed for their ability to interact with iron. Quilamines were also screened for their cytostatic/cytotoxic effects and their selective uptake by the PTS in the CHO cell line. Our results show that both the 8-HQ moiety and the polyamine part participate in the iron coordination. HQ1-44, the most promising Quilamine identified, presents a homospermidine moiety and was shown to be highly taken up by the PTS and to display an efficient antiproliferative activity that occurred in the micromolar range. In addition, cytotoxicity was only observed at concentrations higher than 100 μM. We also demonstrated the high complexation capacity of HQ1-44 with iron while much weaker complexes were formed with other cations, indicative of a high selectivity. We applied the density functional theory to study the binding energy and the electronic structure of prototypical iron(III)-Quilamine complexes. On the basis of these calculations, Quilamine HQ1-44 is a strong tridentate ligand for iron(III) especially in the form of a 1:2 complex.

Bioenvironmental Engineering Career Ladder AFSC 907X0

DTIC Science & Technology

1991-05-01

TTA 1 1 HQ USAF/DPPE 1 HQ USAF/SGPA ( BOLLING AFB DC 20332-6188) 1 1 HQ USAFE/DPAT 3 3 HQ USAFE/TTA 1 1 HSD/SOSP 1 1 NODAC 1 USAFOMS/OMDQ 1 USAFOMS...this report are available for use by operations and training officials. Mr Roberto Salinas developed the survey instrument, Ms Becky Hernandez provided

Isokinetic Hamstrings: Quadriceps Ratios in Intercollegiate Athletes.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Rosene, John M.; Fogarty, Tracey D.; Mahaffey, Brian L.

2001-01-01

Compared the differences in the concentric hamstrings to quadriceps (H:Q) ratio among athletes in different sports at three velocities. Measurement of H:Q ratio of both knees among male and female college athletes indicated that the H:Q ratio increased as velocity increased. No differences existed for the H:Q ratio for sport or side of body. (SM)

Enhanced stability and dermal delivery of hydroquinone using solid lipid nanoparticles.

PubMed

Ghanbarzadeh, Saeed; Hariri, Reza; Kouhsoltani, Maryam; Shokri, Javad; Javadzadeh, Yousef; Hamishehkar, Hamed

2015-12-01

Hydroquinone (HQ), a well-known anti-hyperpigmentation agent suffers from (a) instability due to rapid oxidation, (b) insufficient skin penetration because of hydrophilic structure, and (c) severe side effects as a results of systemic absorption. This study aimed to load HQ into solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) to overcome the mentioned drawbacks for the efficient treatment of hyperpigmentation. The optimized SLN formulation was prepared by hot melt homogenization method and fully characterized by various techniques. The ability of SLNs in dermal delivery of HQ was assessed through the excised rat skin. The optimized HQ-loaded SLNs (particle size of 86 nm, encapsulation efficiency% of 89.5% and loading capacity% of 11.2%) exhibited a good physicochemical stability during a period of five months. XRD and DSC results showed that HQ was dispersed in an amorphous state, confirming uniform drug dispersion in the SLNs structure and embedment of drug in the solid lipid matrix. In vitro penetration studies showed almost 3 times higher drug accumulation in the skin and 6.5 times lower drug entrance to receiving compartment of Franz diffusion cell from HQ-loaded SLN hydrogel compared with HQ Carbopol made hydrogel. These results indicated the better HQ localization in the skin and its lower systemic absorption. It was concluded that SLN is a promising colloidal drug carrier for topical administration of HQ in the treatment of hyperpigmentation due to suitable HQ loading value in spite of its hydrophilic structure, high stability against oxidation and appropriate skin penetration along with the low systemic absorption. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Analysis of field errors for LARP Nb 3Sn HQ03 quadrupole magnet

DOE PAGES

Wang, Xiaorong; Ambrosio, Giorgio; Chlachidze, Guram; ...

2016-12-01

The U.S. LHC Accelerator Research Program, in close collaboration with CERN, has developed three generations of high-gradient quadrupole (HQ) Nb 3Sn model magnets, to support the development of the 150 mm aperture Nb 3Sn quadrupole magnets for the High-Luminosity LHC. The latest generation, HQ03, featured coils with better uniformity of coil dimensions and properties than the earlier generations. We tested the HQ03 magnet at FNAL, including the field quality study. The profiles of low-order harmonics along the magnet aperture observed at 15 kA, 1.9 K can be traced back to the assembled coil pack before the magnet assembly. Based onmore » the measured harmonics in the magnet center region, the coil block positioning tolerance was analyzed and compared with earlier HQ01 and HQ02 magnets to correlate with coil and magnet fabrication. Our study the capability of correcting the low-order non-allowed field errors, magnetic shims were installed in HQ03. Furthermore, the expected shim contribution agreed well with the calculation. For the persistent-current effect, the measured a4 can be related to 4% higher in the strand magnetization of one coil with respect to the other three coils. Lastly, we compare the field errors due to the inter-strand coupling currents between HQ03 and HQ02.« less

Gas-Phase Synthesis and Characterization of CH4-Loaded Hydroquinone Clathrates

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Lee, J.; Lee, Y; Takeya, S

2010-01-01

A CH{sub 4}-loaded hydroquinone (HQ) clathrate was synthesized via a gas-phase reaction using the {alpha}-form of crystalline HQ and CH{sub 4} gas at 12 MPa and room temperature. Solid-state {sup 13}C cross-polarization/magic angle spinning (CP/MAS) NMR and Raman spectroscopic measurements confirm the incorporation of CH{sub 4} molecules into the cages of the HQ clathrate framework. The chemical analysis indicates that about 69% of the cages are filled by CH{sub 4} molecules, that is, 0.69 CH{sub 4} per three HQ molecules. Rietveld refinement using synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) data shows that the CH{sub 4}-loaded HQ clathrate adopts the {beta}-form ofmore » HQ clathrate in a hexagonal space group R3 with lattice parameters of a = 16.6191 {angstrom} and c = 5.5038 {angstrom}. Time-resolved synchrotron XRD and quadrupole mass spectroscopic measurements show that the CH{sub 4}-loaded HQ clathrate is stable up to 368 K and gradually transforms to the {alpha}-form by releasing the confined CH{sub 4} gases between 368-378 K. Using solid-state {sup 13}C CP/MAS NMR, the reaction kinetics between the {alpha}-form HQ and CH{sub 4} gas is qualitatively described in terms of the particle size of the crystalline HQ.« less

76 FR 43616 - Procedures for Implementing the National Environmental Policy Act

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-07-21

... Studies. 4. NASA HQ 09/23/2009 ARRA Implementation of Venture-Class Mission, HQ ID-1095. 5. LaRC, VA 11/20.../2009 Develop Air Traffic Management Concepts. 5. NASA HQ 12/23/2009 ARRA-Funded Activities (HQ ID-1119... Composition, Cloud, Climate Coupling (TC-4). 3. WFF, VA 03/28/2008 ARCTAS Mission. The third proposed CatEx...

Silicone sheet containing all-trans retinoic acid and hydroquinone for the treatment of epidermal melanosis.

PubMed

Iida, Shoko; Takushima, Akihiko; Ohura, Norihiko; Sato, Suguru; Kurita, Masakazu; Harii, Kiyonori

2013-08-01

Although bleaching treatment using all-trans retinoic acid (RA) and hydroquinone (HQ) improves epidermal melanosis, the application of two medications and the irritant dermatitis induced by RA inconvenience patients. To overcome these problems, we developed a silicone sheet containing RA and HQ. To compare the efficacy of a silicone sheet containing RA and HQ with that of conventional bleaching treatment. Silicone sheets containing 1% RA and 5% HQ were applied at night during the bleaching phase of 4 weeks, followed by application of sheets containing 5% HQ during the healing phase of 4 weeks. Hemifacial epidermal melanosis, for which the sheets were applied, was compared with a contralateral face which was treated conventionally using RA and HQ. Twenty-four Japanese women who were enrolled in this study and followed up for more than 6 months were analyzed. RA/HQ sheets improved epidermal melanosis, as did the conventional bleaching method, but irritant dermatitis occurred less in patients treated using silicone sheets. RA/HQ sheets, which are easily applied to face skin, can improve epidermal melanosis to the same extent as conventional bleaching. © 2013 by the American Society for Dermatologic Surgery, Inc. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Mixing, Noise and Thrust Benefits Using Corrugated Designs

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

White, Samuel G.; Gilinsky, Mikhail M.

1998-01-01

This project was conducted as a support for effective research, training and teaching of Hampton University students in Fluid Mechanics and Acoustics. Basically, this work is organized and implemented by the new Fluid Mechanics and Acoustics Laboratory (FM & AL) which was established at Hampton University in the School of Engineering and Technology (E & T) in 1996. In addition, FM & AL in cooperation with NASA LaRC jointly conducts research with the Central AeroHydrodynamics Institute (TSAGI, Moscow) in Russia under a 2 year Civilian Research and Development Foundation (CRDF). This project is also conducted under control of NASA HQ. For fulfillment of the current project, several researchers were involved as was shown in the proposal to NASA in 1996. This work is the development and support for projects solve problems with the goal of reducing jet noise and increasing nozzle thrust.

Depigmentation with tert-butyl hydroquinone using black guinea pigs.

PubMed

Patrick, E; Juberg, D R; O'Donoghue, J; Maibach, H I

1999-01-01

tert-Butyl hydroquinone (TBHQ) has important and functional uses in consumer and commercial applications, some of which involve human exposure primarily through dermal contact. To assist in the safety evaluation of TBHQ, this study was conducted to determine whether TBHQ would produce changes in skin pigmentation after repeated dermal application to black guinea pigs. Hydroquinone (HQ) and hydroquinone monomethyl ether (HQMME) were used as positive controls. TBHQ and HQ were tested at concentrations of 0.1, 1.0 and 5.0%, while HQMME was tested at a concentration of 10.0%. Groups of five males and five females were dosed with TBHQ, HQ, or the vehicle (hydrophilic ointment) daily (M-F) for 13 weeks. In addition, animals (five males, five females) treated with HQMME received 13 doses over a 3-week period. The application site was evaluated weekly for degree of pigmentation loss and irritation. Twenty-four hours after final application, sites were evaluated for depigmentation, irritation and hyperpigmentation. Subsequently, the application site was depilated and re-evaluated for the same endpoints. Repetitive exposure to concentrations of 1.0% and 5.0% TBHQ and HQ were slightly to moderately irritating, while 0.1% of each of these test materials produced only weak irritant responses. No irritant responses to hydrophilic ointment were observed and HQMME produced weak irritant responses after 2 weeks. Neither 0.1% TBHQ nor HQ produced depigmentation, while 20% of animals dosed with 1.0% TBHQ and 30% of animals dosed with 1.0% HQ had spotty or uniform loss of pigment at the site of treatment. Approximately 40% of animals dosed with 5% TBHQ or HQ were depigmented at the treatment site at the final evaluation. HQMME produced complete depigmentation of the skin and hair in all animals. Hyperpigmentation of the treatment site was observed in 80-100% of animals in all groups (with the exception of HQMME-treated animals, treated for only 3 weeks), which may be attributable to the use of hydrophilic ointment as the vehicle, the application procedure, or simply clipping hair from the skin. Thus, this study showed that TBHQ causes depigmentation in black guinea pigs at concentrations of 1% or greater, but that a no-effect threshold for this endpoint exists at a concentration between 0.1 and 1.0%.

Development and initial cohort validation of the Arthritis Research UK Musculoskeletal Health Questionnaire (MSK-HQ) for use across musculoskeletal care pathways.

PubMed

Hill, Jonathan C; Kang, Sujin; Benedetto, Elena; Myers, Helen; Blackburn, Steven; Smith, Stephanie; Dunn, Kate M; Hay, Elaine; Rees, Jonathan; Beard, David; Glyn-Jones, Sion; Barker, Karen; Ellis, Benjamin; Fitzpatrick, Ray; Price, Andrew

2016-08-05

Current musculoskeletal outcome tools are fragmented across different healthcare settings and conditions. Our objectives were to develop and validate a single musculoskeletal outcome measure for use throughout the pathway and patients with different musculoskeletal conditions: the Arthritis Research UK Musculoskeletal Health Questionnaire (MSK-HQ). A consensus workshop with stakeholders from across the musculoskeletal community, workshops and individual interviews with a broad mix of musculoskeletal patients identified and prioritised outcomes for MSK-HQ inclusion. Initial psychometric validation was conducted in four cohorts from community physiotherapy, and secondary care orthopaedic hip, knee and shoulder clinics. Stakeholders (n=29) included primary care, physiotherapy, orthopaedic and rheumatology patients (n=8); general practitioners, physiotherapists, orthopaedists, rheumatologists and pain specialists (n=7), patient and professional national body representatives (n=10), and researchers (n=4). The four validation cohorts included 570 participants (n=210 physiotherapy, n=150 hip, n=150 knee, n=60 shoulder patients). Outcomes included the MSK-HQ's acceptability, feasibility, comprehension, readability and responder burden. The validation cohort outcomes were the MSK-HQ's completion rate, test-retest reliability and convergent validity with reference standards (EQ-5D-5L, Oxford Hip, Knee, Shoulder Scores, and the Keele MSK-PROM). Musculoskeletal domains prioritised were pain severity, physical function, work interference, social interference, sleep, fatigue, emotional health, physical activity, independence, understanding, confidence to self-manage and overall impact. Patients reported MSK-HQ items to be 'highly relevant' and 'easy to understand'. Completion rates were high (94.2%), with scores normally distributed, and no floor/ceiling effects. Test-retest reliability was excellent, and convergent validity was strong (correlations 0.81-0.88). A new musculoskeletal outcome measure has been developed through a coproduction process with patients to capture prioritised outcomes for use throughout the pathway and with different musculoskeletal conditions. Four validation cohorts found that the MSK-HQ had high completion rates, excellent test-retest reliability and strong convergent validity with reference standards. Further validation studies are ongoing, including a cohort with rheumatoid/inflammatory arthritis. Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://www.bmj.com/company/products-services/rights-and-licensing/

Risk assessment of free hydroquinone derived from Arctostaphylos Uva-ursi folium herbal preparations.

PubMed

de Arriba, Susana Garcia; Naser, Belal; Nolte, Klaus-Ulrich

2013-01-01

Uva-ursi folium (bearberry leaf) has been traditionally used to treat symptoms of lower urinary tract infections. The most representative constituent of this herbal drug is arbutin that is rapidly absorbed in the small intestine and undergoes hepatic conjugation to form hydroquinone (HQ) conjugates. As free HQ is crucial for the safety of the herbal preparation, we reviewed published and unpublished experimental and human studies to clarify some outdated assumptions and to support the safety of therapeutic daily doses of Uva-ursi folium extract. Specifically, data on pharmacokinetics and the human exposure of arbutin and HQ were reviewed. A therapeutic recommended human daily dose of bearberry leaf extract (420 mg hydroquinone derivatives calculated as anhydrous arbutin) liberates free HQ in urine at a maximum exposure level of 11 µg/kg body weight (bw)/d. By means of an experimental no observed effect level value, a permitted daily exposure dose below which there is a negligible risk to human health was estimated for free HQ (100 µg/kg bw/d). Dietary sources of arbutin/HQ that are regularly consumed long term by humans generate comparable free HQ exposure levels. There is no direct evidence, regarding human data, supporting the fact that free HQ causes convulsion, hepatotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, or promotion of tumors in humans. Free HQ had no activity promoting pancreatic, bladder, stomach, or liver carcinogenesis. In conclusion, under the recommended use conditions Uva-ursi folium is a safe therapeutic option for treating lower urinary tract infections.

Electronic transport properties of a quinone-based molecular switch

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zheng, Ya-Peng; Bian, Bao-An; Yuan, Pei-Pei

2016-09-01

In this paper, we carried out first-principles calculations based on density functional theory and non-equilibrium Green's function to investigate the electronic transport properties of a quinone-based molecule sandwiched between two Au electrodes. The molecular switch can be reversibly switched between the reduced hydroquinone (HQ) and oxidized quinone (Q) states via redox reactions. The switching behavior of two forms is analyzed through their I- V curves, transmission spectra and molecular projected self-consistent Hamiltonian at zero bias. Then we discuss the transmission spectra of the HQ and Q forms at different bias, and explain the oscillation of current according to the transmission eigenstates of LUMO energy level for Q form. The results suggest that this kind of a quinone-based molecule is usable as one of the good candidates for redox-controlled molecular switches.

Tyrosinase-catalyzed hydroxylation of hydroquinone, a depigmenting agent, to hydroxyhydroquinone: A kinetic study.

PubMed

García-Molina, María del Mar; Muñoz Muñoz, Jose Luis; Martinez-Ortiz, Francisco; Martinez, José Rodriguez; García-Ruiz, Pedro Antonio; Rodriguez-López, José Neptuno; García-Cánovas, Francisco

2014-07-01

Hydroquinone (HQ) is used as a depigmenting agent. In this work we demonstrate that tyrosinase hydroxylates HQ to 2-hydroxyhydroquinone (HHQ). Oxy-tyrosinase hydroxylates HQ to HHQ forming the complex met-tyrosinase-HHQ, which can evolve in two different ways, forming deoxy-tyrosinase and p-hydroxy-o-quinone, which rapidly isomerizes to 2-hydroxy-p-benzoquinone or on the other way generating met-tyrosinase and HHQ. In the latter case, HHQ is rapidly oxidized by oxygen to generate 2-hydroxy-p-benzoquinone, and therefore, it cannot close the enzyme catalytic cycle for the lack of reductant (HHQ). However, in the presence of hydrogen peroxide, met-tyrosinase (inactive on hydroquinone) is transformed into oxy-tyrosinase, which is active on HQ. Similarly, in the presence of ascorbic acid, HQ is transformed into 2-hydroxy-p-benzoquinone by the action of tyrosinase; however, in this case, ascorbic acid reduces met-tyrosinase to deoxy-tyrosinase, which after binding to oxygen, originates oxy-tyrosinase. This enzymatic form is now capable of reacting with HQ to generate p-hydroxy-o-quinone, which rapidly isomerizes to 2-hydroxy-p-benzoquinone. The formation of HHQ during the action of tyrosinase on HQ is demonstrated by means of high performance liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS) by using hydrogen peroxide and high ascorbic acid concentrations. We propose a kinetic mechanism for the tyrosinase oxidation of HQ which allows us the kinetic characterization of the process. A possible explanation of the cytotoxic effect of HQ is discussed. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Hydroquinone Strongly Alleviates Focal Ischemic Brain Injury via Blockage of Blood-Brain Barrier Disruption in Rats.

PubMed

Ha Park, Joon; Yoo, Ki-Yeon; Hye Kim, In; Cho, Jeong-Hwi; Lee, Jae-Chul; Hyeon Ahn, Ji; Jin Tae, Hyun; Chun Yan, Bing; Won Kim, Dae; Kyu Park, Ok; Kwon, Seung-Hae; Her, Song; Su Kim, Jin; Hoon Choi, Jung; Hyun Lee, Choong; Koo Hwang, In; Youl Cho, Jae; Hwi Cho, Jun; Kwon, Young-Guen; Ryoo, Sungwoo; Kim, Young-Myeong; Won, Moo-Ho; Jun Kang, Il

2016-12-01

Hydroquinone (HQ), a major benzene metabolite, occurs naturally in various plants and is manufactured for commercial use. Although HQ displays various biological effects, its neuroprotective effects following ischemic insults have not been investigated. In this study, we first examined neuroprotective effects of HQ in a rat model of transient focal cerebral ischemia. Animals were subjected to transient middle cerebral artery occlusion for 120 min. HQ (50 or 100 mg/kg) or vehicle was intraperitoneally administered once at 30 min after ischemia-reperfusion. Neuroprotection by treatment with 100 mg/kg of HQ was shown using evaluation of neurological deficits, positron-emission tomography (PET) and 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazoliumchloride (TTC) staining. In addition, HQ treatment significantly attenuated ischemia-induced Evans blue dye extravasation from blood vessels and significantly increased immunoreactivities of SMI-71 (an endothelial BBB marker) and glucose transporter-1 (GLUT-1, an endothelial cell marker) in ischemic cortex compared to the vehicle-treated ischemia-operated group. Confocal microscopy and western blot analysis also showed that HQ treatment maintained expressions of tight junction proteins (zonula occludens-1 and occludin) in the ischemic cortex. Post-treatment with HQ protected neurons from transient focal cerebral ischemic injury and the neuroprotective effect of HQ might be closely associated with prevention of BBB disruption via maintaining SMI-71 and GLUT-1 expressions as well as prevention of the degradation of zonula occludens-1 and occludin proteins. © The Author 2016. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society of Toxicology. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.

Additive effect of calcium depletion and low resource quality on Gammarus fossarum (Crustacea, Amphipoda) life history traits.

PubMed

Rollin, Marc; Coulaud, Romain; Danger, Michael; Sohm, Bénédicte; Flayac, Justine; Bec, Alexandre; Chaumot, Arnaud; Geffard, Olivier; Felten, Vincent

2018-04-01

Gammarus fossarum is an often-abundant crustacean detritivore that contributes importantly to leaf litter breakdown in oligotrophic, mainly heterotrophic, headwater streams. This species requires large amounts of Ca to moult, thus allowing growth and reproduction. Because resource quality is tightly coupled to the organism's growth and physiological status, we hypothesised that low Ca concentration [Ca] and low food resource quality (low phosphorus [P] and/or reduced highly unsaturated fatty acid [HUFA] contents) would interactively impair molecular responses (gene expression) and reproduction of G. fossarum. To investigate the effects of food resources quality, we experimentally manipulated the P content of sycamore leaves and also used diatoms because they contain high amounts of HUFAs. Three resource quality treatments were tested: low quality (LQ, unmanipulated leaves: low P content), high quality 1 (HQ1; P-manipulated leaves: high P content), and high quality 2 (unmanipulated leaves supplemented with a pellet containing diatoms: high P and HUFA content). Naturally, demineralised stream water was supplemented with CaSO 4 to obtain three Ca concentrations (2, 3.5, and 10.5 mg Ca L -1 ). For 21 days, pairs of G. fossarum were individually exposed to one of the nine treatments (3 [Ca] × 3 resource qualities). At the individual level, strong and significant delays in moult stage were observed in gammarids exposed to lower [Ca] and to lower resource quality, with additive effects lengthening the duration of the reproductive cycle. Effects at the molecular level were investigated by measuring expression of 12 genes involved in energy production, translation, or Ca or P homeostasis. Expression of ATP synthase beta (higher in HQ2), calcified cuticle protein (higher in HQ1 and HQ2), and tropomyosin (higher in HQ2 compared to HQ1) was significantly affected by resource quality, and significant additive effects on Ca transporting ATPase expression were induced by [Ca] and resource quality (higher for low [Ca] and higher resource quality). These results highlight the potential drastic deleterious effects of water [Ca] depletion on G. fossarum physiology, populations, and ecosystem functioning, especially in oligotrophic environments.

Monitoring underlying epoxy-coated St-37 corrosion via 8-hydroxyquinoline as a fluorescent indicator

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Roshan, Shamim; Sarabi Dariani, Ali Asghar; Mokhtari, Javad

2018-05-01

In the present study, successful performance of 8-hydroxyquinoline (8-HQ) as a ferric ion sensitive indicator is described. 8-HQ was used in epoxy coating because of its desirable properties. It doesn't exhibit premature fluorescence when mixed with coating precursors. Additionally it shows fluorescence turn-on mechanism upon chelate formation with Fe2+/Fe3+ ions produced during anodic reaction. The effect of different concentrations of 8-HQ (0.05, 0.1, 0.5 and 1 wt.%) incorporated in the epoxy coating on corrosion detection as well as optical and electrochemical behavior of the applied coating were studied. The fluorescence property of 8-HQ/Fe3+ solutions was evaluated by using fluorometer. The UV-Visible spectroscopy was used to investigate the effect of 8-HQ presence in the coating on transparency of the free films of the samples. The corrosion detection was performed by fluorescence microscope and the anti-corrosion performance of coated samples containing different concentrations of 8-HQ was studied using salt spray standard test and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The results of UV-Visible spectroscopy demonstrated that increasing 8-HQ concentration causes a slight decrease in coating transparency. According to the results of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements, the polarization resistance of the coated St-37 sample containing 0.1 wt.% 8-HQ was about 109 Ohm cm2 after 6 weeks immersion in corrosive electrolyte, while St-37 plates coated with other 8-HQ concentrations showed decreased resistance levels of about 106 Ohm cm2, during the same immersion period. Based on fluorescence microscopic investigation, as a result of incorporating 8-HQ into the epoxy matrix, fluorescence could be observed in regions where Fe2+/Fe3+ ions were produced through anodic reactions. This method is capable of detecting corrosion in situ at early stages before the metal surface suffers serious damages.

Health Risk Assessment of Ambient Air Concentrations of Benzene, Toluene and Xylene (BTX) in Service Station Environments

PubMed Central

Edokpolo, Benjamin; Yu, Qiming Jimmy; Connell, Des

2014-01-01

A comprehensive evaluation of the adverse health effects of human exposures to BTX from service station emissions was carried out using BTX exposure data from the scientific literature. The data was grouped into different scenarios based on activity, location and occupation and plotted as Cumulative Probability Distributions (CPD) plots. Health risk was evaluated for each scenario using the Hazard Quotient (HQ) at 50% (CEXP50) and 95% (CEXP95) exposure levels. HQ50 and HQ95 > 1 were obtained with benzene in the scenario for service station attendants and mechanics repairing petrol dispensing pumps indicating a possible health risk. The risk was minimized for service stations using vapour recovery systems which greatly reduced the benzene exposure levels. HQ50 and HQ95 < 1 were obtained for all other scenarios with benzene suggesting minimal risk for most of the exposed population. However, HQ50 and HQ95 < 1 was also found with toluene and xylene for all scenarios, suggesting minimal health risk. The lifetime excess Cancer Risk (CR) and Overall Risk Probability for cancer on exposure to benzene was calculated for all Scenarios and this was higher amongst service station attendants than any other scenario. PMID:24945191

Hydroquinone-induced malignant transformation of TK6 cells by facilitating SIRT1-mediated p53 degradation and up-regulating KRAS.

PubMed

Chen, Yuting; Chen, Jiajia; Yun, Lin; Xu, Longmei; Liu, Jiaxian; Xu, Yongchun; Yang, Hui; Liang, Hairong; Tang, Huanwen

2016-09-30

Hydroquinone (HQ), known as one of the metabolic products of benzene, causes a number of hematologic malignancies. The study evaluated the potential mechanism of Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) in HQ-induced TK6 cell malignant transformation. The data of our study show that short term exposure of TK6 cells to HQ led to a decrease expression of SIRT1. Knockdown of SIRT1 sensitized to the HQ-induced apoptosis in vitro and increased the expression of p53, p21 and γ-H2AX. Furthermore, chronic HQ-treated (20μM once a week for 19 weeks) caused carcinogenic transformation and was confirmed by abnormal cell proliferation, matrix metalloproteinase 9(MMP9) and subcutaneous tumor formation in nude mice. SIRT1 increased KRAS expression, and decreased H3K9 and H3K18 acetylation, inhibited p53 signaling and the level of caspase-3 in HQ-induced transformation cells. Taken together, these data suggest that SIRT1 is involved in HQ-induced malignant transformation associated with suppressing p53 signaling and activation of KRAS. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

Hydroquinone, a reactive metabolite of benzene, enhances interleukin-4 production in CD4+ T cells and increases immunoglobulin E levels in antigen-primed mice

PubMed Central

Lee, M H; Chung, S W; Kang, B Y; Kim, K-M; Kim, T S

2002-01-01

Exposure to cigarette smoke is known to increase the risk of the development of allergic disease. The mechanism is not well understood. In this study, we determined the effect of hydroquinone (HQ), a major metabolite of benzene present in large quantities in cigarette tar, on interleukin-4 (IL-4) production by CD4+ T cells. HQ significantly enhanced IL-4 production by keyhole limpet haemocyanin (KLH)-primed CD4+ T cells in a dose-dependent manner. The enhancing effect of HQ on IL-4 production was maximal at a concentration of 50 µm. It increased the level of IL-4 production approximately 10-fold. HQ enhanced IL-4 mRNA expression and also IL-4 gene promoter activity, suggesting that the enhancing effect of HQ on IL-4 production may occur at the transcriptional level. Furthermore, the injection of KLH-primed mice with HQ resulted in a significant increase in the levels of IL-4 and immunoglobulin E. These findings provide evidence that HQ, a major component of cigarette tar, may enhance allergic immune responses by inducing the production of IL-4 in CD4+ T cells. PMID:12153512

Paradoxical Inhibition of Glycolysis by Pioglitazone Opposes the Mitochondriopathy Caused by AIF Deficiency.

PubMed

Bénit, Paule; Pelhaître, Alice; Saunier, Elise; Bortoli, Sylvie; Coulibaly, Assetou; Rak, Malgorzata; Schiff, Manuel; Kroemer, Guido; Zeviani, Massimo; Rustin, Pierre

2017-03-01

Mice with the hypomorphic AIF-Harlequin mutation exhibit a highly heterogeneous mitochondriopathy that mostly affects respiratory chain complex I, causing a cerebral pathology that resembles that found in patients with AIF loss-of-function mutations. Here we describe that the antidiabetic drug pioglitazone (PIO) can improve the phenotype of a mouse Harlequin (Hq) subgroup, presumably due to an inhibition of glycolysis that causes an increase in blood glucose levels. This glycolysis-inhibitory PIO effect was observed in cultured astrocytes from Hq mice, as well as in human skin fibroblasts from patients with AIF mutation. Glycolysis inhibition by PIO resulted from direct competitive inhibition of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH). Moreover, GAPDH protein levels were reduced in the cerebellum and in the muscle from Hq mice that exhibited an improved phenotype upon PIO treatment. Altogether, our results suggest that excessive glycolysis participates to the pathogenesis of mitochondriopathies and that pharmacological inhibition of glycolysis may have beneficial effects in this condition. Copyright © 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Towards High-Energy-Density Pseudocapacitive Flowable Electrodes by the Incorporation of Hydroquinone

DOE PAGES

Boota, M.; Hatzell, K. B.; Kumbur, E. C.; ...

2015-01-29

Our study reports an investigation of hydroquinone (HQ) as a multielectron organic redox molecule to enhance the performance of flowable electrodes. Moreover, two different methods to produce high-performance pseudocapacitive flowable electrodes were investigated for electrochemical flow capacitors. First, HQ molecules were deposited on carbon spheres (CSs) by a self-assembly approach using various HQ loadings. In the second approach, HQ was used as a redox-mediating agent in the electrolyte. Flowable electrodes composed of HQ showed a capacitance of 342 Fg 1, which is >200% higher than that of flowable electrodes based on nontreated CSs (160 Fg 1), and outperformed (in gravimetricmore » performance) many reported film electrodes. A similar trend in capacitance was observed if HQ was used as a redox agent in the electrolyte; however, its poor cycle life restricted further consideration. Additionally, a twofold increase in capacitance was observed under flow conditions compared to that of previous studies.« less

Coarse-grained hydrodynamics from correlation functions

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Palmer, Bruce

This paper will describe a formalism for using correlation functions between different grid cells as the basis for determining coarse-grained hydrodynamic equations for modeling the behavior of mesoscopic fluid systems. Configuration from a molecular dynamics simulation are projected onto basis functions representing grid cells in a continuum hydrodynamic simulation. Equilbrium correlation functions between different grid cells are evaluated from the molecular simulation and used to determine the evolution operator for the coarse-grained hydrodynamic system. The formalism is applied to some simple hydrodynamic cases to determine the feasibility of applying this to realistic nanoscale systems.

In Vitro Selective Growth-Inhibitory Effect of 8-Hydroxyquinoline on Clostridium perfringens versus Bifidobacteria in a Medium Containing Chicken Ileal Digesta.

PubMed

Skrivanova, Eva; Van Immerseel, Filip; Hovorkova, Petra; Kokoska, Ladislav

2016-01-01

Clostridium perfringens-induced necrotic enteritis is generally controlled by antibiotics. However, because of increasing antibiotic resistance, other antibacterial agents are required, preferably ones that do not affect the beneficial intestinal microbiota of the host. This study evaluated the in vitro selective growth-inhibitory effect of 8-hydroxyquinoline (8HQ) on C. perfringens vs. bifidobacteria in a medium containing chicken ileal digesta. Prior to the experiments, the minimum inhibitory concentrations of 8HQ and penicillin G were determined by broth microdilution assay. The minimum inhibitory concentration values of 8HQ for C. perfringens were 16-32 times lower than the values for bifidobacteria. Treatment of autoclaved and non-autoclaved chicken ileal digesta with 8HQ showed a selective anticlostridial effect. After incubation of C. perfringens with autoclaved ileal digesta for 3 h, all 8HQ concentrations tested (32-2048 μg/mL) significantly reduced C. perfringens bacterial count. In contrast, the same treatment had no or only a slight effect on bifidobacteria counts. Unlike 8HQ, penicillin G did not exhibit any selectivity. Similar results were obtained after incubation for 24 h. In non-autoclaved ileal digesta, all 8HQ concentrations tested significantly reduced C. perfringens bacterial counts after incubation for 30 min and 3 h, while no effect was observed on bifidobacteria. These results suggest that 8HQ may serve as a prospective veterinary compound for use against necrotic enteritis in poultry.

Fractional erbium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet laser-assisted drug delivery of hydroquinone in the treatment of melasma

PubMed Central

Badawi, Ashraf M; Osman, Mai Abdelraouf

2018-01-01

Background Melasma is a difficult-to-treat hyperpigmentary disorder. Ablative fractional laser (AFL)-assisted delivery of topically applied drugs to varied targets in the skin has been an area of ongoing study and research. Objective The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of fractional erbium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Er:YAG) laser as an assisted drug delivery for enhancing topical hydroquinone (HQ) permeation into the skin of melasma patients. Patients and methods Thirty female patients with bilateral melasma were randomly treated in a split-face controlled manner with a fractional Er:YAG laser followed by 4% HQ cream on one side and 4% HQ cream alone on the other side. All patients received six laser sessions with a 2-week interval. The efficacy of treatments was determined through photographs, dermoscopic photomicrographs and Melasma Area Severity Index (MASI) score, all performed at baseline and at 12 weeks of starting therapy. The patient’s level of satisfaction was also recorded. Results Er:YAG laser + HQ showed significantly better results (p<0.005) with regard to decrease in the degree of pigmentation as assessed on the 4-point scale than HQ alone. There was a significant decrease in MASI scores on Er:YAG laser + HQ side vs HQ side. Minor reversible side effects were observed on both sides. Conclusion AFL-assisted delivery of HQ is a safe and effective method for the treatment of melasma. PMID:29379308

Poly(4-vinylphenylboronic acid) functionalized polypyrrole/graphene oxide nanosheets for simultaneous electrochemical determination of catechol and hydroquinone

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mao, Hui; Liu, Meihong; Cao, Zhenqian; Ji, Chunguang; Sun, Ying; Liu, Daliang; Wu, Shuyao; Zhang, Yu; Song, Xi-Ming

2017-10-01

Novel poly(4-vinylphenylboronic acid) (P4VPBA) functionalized polypyrrole/graphene oxide (PPy/GO) nanosheets, which combined the advantages of GO, PPy and PBA groups, were successfully prepared by a simple polymerization of 4-vinylphenylboronic acid (4VPBA) on the surface of pre-treated PPy/GO containing vinyl groups. Because of the synergistic effects of GO with excellent 2D structures and large surface area, PPy with good electronic conductivity and PBA with high recognition capability, P4VPBA/PPy/GO modified glassy carbon electrode presented excellent electrochemical sensing capabilities toward catechol (CC) and hydroquinone (HQ) with good stability, high sensitivity and selectivity, especially giving a large anodic peak potential difference between CC and HQ enough to well distinguish and simultaneously determine the two dihydroxybenzene isomers in their mixture. It is found that PBA groups on the surface of P4VPBA/PPy/GO nanosheets played an essential role for the discrimination and simultaneous electrochemical determination of CC and HQ, which may be due to the selective formation of stable cyclic esters by the covalent interaction between PBA groups and related molecules with a cis-diol in an alkaline aqueous solution. Therefore, P4VPBA/PPy/GO nanosheets can act as a good electrode material for building a steady electrochemical sensor for detecting the two dihydroxybenzene isomers with high sensitivity and selectivity.

Knowledge, Skills, Abilities, and Other Characteristics for Remotely Piloted Aircraft Pilots and Operators

DTIC Science & Technology

2011-10-19

Editor Dr. Gregory Manley HQ AFPC/DSYX, Dr. Lisa Mills AF/A1PF, Dr. Paul DiTullio HQ Af/A1PFA, Kenneth Schwartz HQ AFPC/DSYX, Johnny Weissmuller HQ...B ru s k ie w ic z e t a l. , 2 0 0 7 : A V O , M P O C h a p p e ll e e t a l. , 2 0 1 0 : M P O C h a p p e ll e e t a l. , 2 0 1 1

Imam Sahib Border Police Company Headquarters in Kunduz Province: $7.3 Million Facility Sits Largely Unused

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-01-01

Afghanistan Border Police Battalion (BN) Headquarters (HQ) to replace an existing sub-standard fac ility. The standard ABP BN HQ manning documents call for...current manning of the site revealed that an ABP BN HQ unit is now utilizing this as a headquarters. An ABP BN HQ has a tashkil manning of 59 personnel...The facility was built for 175 personnel. The difference in designs between an ABP battalion and a company is the amount of barrack space. The build

Test results of the LARP Nb$$_3$$Sn quadrupole HQ03a

DOE PAGES

DiMarco, J.; G. Ambrosio; Chlachidze, G.; ...

2016-03-09

The US LHC Accelerator Research Program (LARP) has been developingmore » $$Nb_3Sn$$ quadrupoles of progressively increasing performance for the high luminosity upgrade of the Large Hadron Collider. The 120 mm aperture High-field Quadrupole (HQ) models are the last step in the R&D phase supporting the development of the new IR Quadrupoles (MQXF). Three series of HQ coils were fabricated and assembled in a shell-based support structure, progressively optimizing the design and fabrication process. The final set of coils consistently applied the optimized design solutions, and was assembled in the HQ03a model. Furthermore, this paper reports a summary of the HQ03a test results, including training, mechanical performance, field quality and quench studies.« less

Determination of acrolein and other carbonyls in cigarette smoke using coupled silica cartridges impregnated with hydroquinone and 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine.

PubMed

Uchiyama, Shigehisa; Inaba, Yohei; Kunugita, Naoki

2010-06-25

A new method for the determination of acrolein and other carbonyls in cigarette smoke using a dual cartridge system has been developed. Each cartridge consists of reagent-impregnated silica particles. The first contains hydroquinone (HQ) for the inhibition of acrolein polymerization, while the second contains 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH) for the derivatization of carbonyls. Smoke samples were firstly drawn through the cartridge containing HQ-impregnated silica (HQ-silica) and then through the DNPH-impregnated silica (DNPH-silica). Acrolein in the sample was completely trapped in the first HQ-silica cartridge. Some other airborne carbonyls were also trapped by the HQ-silica, and those that pass through were trapped in the second DNPH-silica cartridge. Extraction was performed in the reverse direction to air sampling. When solvent was eluted through the dual-cartridges, excess DNPH was washed into the HQ bed where it reacted with acrolein and other trapped carbonyls to form the corresponding hydrazone derivatives. All of the hydrazones derived from airborne carbonyls were completely separated and measured using high-performance liquid chromatography. This HQ-DNPH-method can be applied for the determination of acrolein and other alpha,beta-unsaturated aldehydes, such as crotonaldehyde, in cigarette smoke. Copyright 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

A sensor based on the carbon nanotubes-ionic liquid composite for simultaneous determination of hydroquinone and catechol.

PubMed

Bu, Caihong; Liu, Xiuhui; Zhang, Yijun; Li, Li; Zhou, Xibin; Lu, Xiaoquan

2011-11-01

MWNTs-IL-Gel/GCE, a glassy carbon electrode modified with multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) and ionic liquids (IL), was developed to serve as a sensor for simultaneous determination of Hydroquinone (HQ) and catechol (CC) in this paper. The modified GCE showed two well-defined redox waves for HQ and CC in both CV and DPV with a peak potential separation of ca. 0.1 V, which was large enough for simultaneous detection. The results revealed that the oxidation of HQ and CC with the enhancement of the redox peak current and the decrease of the peak-to-peak separation exhibit excellent electrocatalytic behaviors. A high sensitivity of 1.8×10(-7)M with detection limits of 6.7×10(-8)M and 6.0×10(-8)M (S/N=3) for HQ and CC were obtained. Moreover, the constants of apparent electron transfer rate of HQ and CC at MWNTs-IL-Gel/GCE were calculated as 7.402 s(-1) and 8.179 s(-1), respectively, and the adsorption quantity of HQ and CC was 1.408×10(-6) mol cm(-2) with chronocoulometry. The developed sensor can be applied to determinate directly of HQ and CC in aqueous solution. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

32 CFR 516.62 - PFD and HQ USACIDC coordination.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 32 National Defense 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 true PFD and HQ USACIDC coordination. 516.62 Section 516.62 National Defense Department of Defense (Continued) DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY AID OF CIVIL AUTHORITIES AND PUBLIC RELATIONS LITIGATION Remedies in Procurement Fraud and Corruption § 516.62 PFD and HQ...

77 FR 41186 - Proposed Consent Decree, Clean Air Act Citizen Suit

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-07-12

... ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY [EPA-HQ-OGC-2012-0554; FRL-9699-6] Proposed Consent Decree, Clean... August 13, 2012. ADDRESSES: Submit your comments, identified by Docket ID number EPA-HQ- OGC-2012-0554... (identified by Docket ID No. EPA-HQ-OGC-2012-0554) contains a copy of the proposed consent decree. The...

Isokinetic Hamstrings:Quadriceps Ratios in Intercollegiate Athletes

PubMed Central

Fogarty, Tracey D.; Mahaffey, Brian L.

2001-01-01

Objective: To compare the differences in the concentric hamstrings:quadriceps (H:Q) ratio among athletes in different sports at 3 velocities. Design and Setting: We measured the H:Q ratio of both knees using the Biodex Pro Isokinetic Device. Subjects: Eighty-one male and female collegiate athletes. Measurements: We performed analyses for sport, velocity, and side of body for each sex. To compare the means of the concentric H:Q ratios for mean peak torque and mean total work, a 2 × 3 × 4 mixed-factorial analysis of variance was computed for women and a 2 × 2 × 3 mixed-factorial analysis of variance was computed for men. Results: We observed no significant interactions for men and women for the concentric H:Q ratio for mean peak torque. There was a significant mean difference among velocity conditions and a significant difference for men with respect to velocity. No significant differences were found for side of body or sport. Conclusions: The H:Q ratio increased as velocity increased. No differences existed for the H:Q ratio for sport or side of body. PMID:12937479

Hydroquinone-ZnO nano-laminate deposited by molecular-atomic layer deposition

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Huang, Jie; Lucero, Antonio T.; Cheng, Lanxia; Hwang, Hyeon Jun; Ha, Min-Woo; Kim, Jiyoung

2015-03-01

In this study, we have deposited organic-inorganic hybrid semiconducting hydroquinone (HQ)/zinc oxide (ZnO) superlattices using molecular-atomic layer deposition, which enables accurate control of film thickness, excellent uniformity, and sharp interfaces at a low deposition temperature (150 °C). Self-limiting growth of organic layers is observed for the HQ precursor on ZnO surface. Nano-laminates were prepared by varying the number of HQ to ZnO cycles in order to investigate the physical and electrical effects of different HQ to ZnO ratios. It is indicated that the addition of HQ layer results in enhanced mobility and reduced carrier concentration. The highest Hall mobility of approximately 2.3 cm2/V.s and the lowest n-type carrier concentration of approximately 1.0 × 1018/cm3 were achieved with the organic-inorganic superlattice deposited with a ratio of 10 ZnO cycles to 1 HQ cycle. This study offers an approach to tune the electrical transport characteristics of ALD ZnO matrix thin films using an organic dopant. Moreover, with organic embedment, this nano-laminate material may be useful for flexible electronics.

PARP-1 may be involved in hydroquinone-induced apoptosis by poly ADP-ribosylation of ZO-2

PubMed Central

Liu, Jiaxian; Yuan, Qian; Ling, Xiaoxuan; Tan, Qiang; Liang, Hairong; Chen, Jialong; Lin, Lianzai; Xiao, Yongmei; Chen, Wen; Liu, Linhua; Tang, Huanwen

2017-01-01

Hydroquinone (HQ), a major reactive metabolite of benzene, contributes to benzene-induced leukemia. The molecular mechanisms that underlie this activity remain to be elucidated. Poly ADP-ribosylation (PARylation) is a type of reversible posttranslational modification that is performed by enzymes in the PAR polymerase (PARP) family and mediates different biological processes, including apoptosis. Zona occludens 2 (ZO-2) is a tight junction scaffold protein, which is involved in cell proliferation and apoptosis. The present study investigated the activity and mechanisms regulated by PARP-1 during HQ-induced apoptosis using TK6 lymphoblastoid cells and PARP-1-silenced TK6 cells. The results revealed that exposure to 10 µM HQ for 72 h induced apoptosis in TK6 cells and that apoptosis was attenuated in PARP-1-silenced TK6 cells. In cells treated with HQ, inhibition of PARP-1 increased the expression of B cell leukemia/lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2), increased ATP production and reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production relative to the levels observed in cells treated with HQ alone. Co-localization of ZO-2 and PAR (or PARP-1 protein) was determined using immunofluorescence confocal microscopy. The findings of the present study revealed that ZO-2 was PARylated via an interaction with PARP-1, which was consistent with an analysis of protein expression that was performed using western blot analysis, which determined that ZO-2 protein expression was upregulated in HQ-treated control cells and downregulated in HQ-treated PARP-1-silenced TK6 cells. These findings indicated that prolonged exposure to a low dose of HQ induced TK6 cells to undergo apoptosis, whereas inhibiting PARP-1 attenuates cellular apoptosis by activating Bcl-2 and energy-saving processes and reducing ROS. The present study determined that PARP-1 was involved in HQ-induced apoptosis by PARylation of ZO-2. PMID:28983606

76 FR 78872 - EPA Responses to State and Tribal 2008 Ozone Designation Recommendations: Notice of Availability...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-12-20

... the online instructions for submitting comments. Email: [email protected] . Attention Docket ID No. EPA-HQ-OAR-2008-0476. Fax: (202) 566-9744. Attention Docket ID No. EPA-HQ-OAR- 2008-0476. Mail: Air Docket, Attention Docket ID No. EPA-HQ-OAR-2008- 0476, Environmental Protection Agency, Mail Code...

76 FR 15266 - National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants; Notice of Reconsideration

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-03-21

... ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY 40 CFR Parts 60 and 63 [EPA-HQ-OAR-2002-0058; EPA-HQ-OAR-2006-0790; EPA-HQ-OAR-2003-0119; FRL- 9272-7] RIN 2060-AQ25; RIN 2060-AM44; RIN 2060-AO12 National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants; Notice of Reconsideration AGENCY: Environmental Protection Agency...

78 FR 72676 - Draft National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) General Permit for Stormwater...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-12-03

.... Email: [email protected] , Attention Docket ID No. EPA- HQ-OW-2012-0803. Fax: (202) 566-9744 Mail: Water Docket, Environmental Protection Agency, Mailcode: 28221T, Attention Docket ID No. EPA-HQ-OW-2012..., Room 3334, 1301 Constitution Avenue NW., Washington, DC, Attention Docket ID No. EPA-HQ-OW-2012-0803...

75 FR 47594 - Board of Scientific Counselors, Executive Committee Meeting-August 2010

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-08-06

[email protected] , Attention Docket ID No. EPA-HQ-ORD-2010-0661. Fax: Fax comments to: (202) 566-0224, Attention Docket ID No. EPA-HQ-ORD-2010-0661. Mail: Send comments by mail to: Board of Scientific Counselors...., Washington, DC 20004, Attention Docket ID No. EPA-HQ-ORD-2010-0661. Hand Delivery or Courier: Deliver...

Real-space identification of intermolecular bonding with atomic force microscopy.

PubMed

Zhang, Jun; Chen, Pengcheng; Yuan, Bingkai; Ji, Wei; Cheng, Zhihai; Qiu, Xiaohui

2013-11-01

We report a real-space visualization of the formation of hydrogen bonding in 8-hydroxyquinoline (8-hq) molecular assemblies on a Cu(111) substrate, using noncontact atomic force microscopy (NC-AFM). The atomically resolved molecular structures enable a precise determination of the characteristics of hydrogen bonding networks, including the bonding sites, orientations, and lengths. The observation of bond contrast was interpreted by ab initio density functional calculations, which indicated the electron density contribution from the hybridized electronic state of the hydrogen bond. Intermolecular coordination between the dehydrogenated 8-hq and Cu adatoms was also revealed by the submolecular resolution AFM characterization. The direct identification of local bonding configurations by NC-AFM would facilitate detailed investigations of intermolecular interactions in complex molecules with multiple active sites.

Evaluation of the highly sensitive chemiluminescent enzyme immunoassay "Lumipulse HBsAg-HQ" for hepatitis B virus screening.

PubMed

Deguchi, Matsuo; Kagita, Masanori; Yoshioka, Nori; Tsukamoto, Hiroko; Takao, Miyuki; Tahara, Kazuko; Maeda, Ikuhiro; Hidaka, Yoh; Yamauchi, Satoshi; Kaneko, Atsushi; Miyakoshi, Hideo; Isomura, Mitsuo

2017-10-06

Ongoing efforts in the development of HBsAg detection kits are focused on improving sensitivity and specificity. The purpose of this study was to evaluate an improved, highly sensitive quantitative assay, "Lumipulse HBsAg-HQ", a chemiluminescent enzyme immunoassay designed for a fully automated instrument, the "Lumipulse G1200". Serum samples for reproducibility, dilution, correlation, sensitivity, and specificity studies were obtained from patients at the Osaka University Hospital. Seroconversion and sensitivity panels were purchased from a commercial vender. Subtype, sensitivity panels, and HBsAg recombinant proteins with one or two amino acid substitutions were prepared in-house. The coefficients of variation for the low, medium, and high concentration samples ranged from 1.93 to 2.55%. The HBsAg-HQ reagent for dilution testing showed good linearity in the 0.005-150 HBsAg IU/mL range and no prozone phenomenon. All 102 HBV carrier samples were positive by HBsAg-HQ, while other commercial reagents showed one or more to be negative. In the seroconversion panel, the 14-day blood sample was positive. The sensitivity against HBsAg-HQ "ad" and "ay" subtypes was 0.025 ng/mL. Comparisons among the HBsAg-HQ, HISCL, and Architect HBsAg reagents were performed using the Bland-Altman plot. Specificity for 1000 seronegative individuals was 99.7%. HBsAg-HQ detected 29 positive serum among 12 231 routinely obtained serum samples, which showed concentrations of 0.005-0.05 HBsAg IU/mL. According to these results, the Lumipulse HBsAg-HQ assay, with a highly sensitive limit of detection of 0.005 IU/mL, may facilitate the development of a better management strategy for a considerable proportion of infected patients. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Health risk assessment for exposure to nitrate in drinking water from village wells in Semarang, Indonesia.

PubMed

Sadler, Ross; Maetam, Brooke; Edokpolo, Benjamin; Connell, Des; Yu, Jimmy; Stewart, Donald; Park, M-J; Gray, Darren; Laksono, Budi

2016-09-01

The levels of nitrate in 52 drinking water wells in rural Central Java, Indonesia were evaluated in April 2014, and the results were used for a health risk assessment for the local populations by using probabilistic techniques. The concentrations of nitrate in drinking water had a range of 0.01-84 mg/L, a mean of 20 mg/L and a medium of 14 mg/L. Only two of the 52 samples exceeded the WHO guideline values of 50 mg/L for infant methaemoglobinaemia. The hazard quotient values as evaluated against the WHO guideline value at the 50 and 95 percentile points were HQ50 at 0.42 and HQ95 at 1.2, respectively. These indicated a low risk of infant methaemoglobinaemia for the whole population, but some risk for the sensitive portion of the population. The HQ50 and HQ95 values based on WHO acceptable daily intake dose for adult male and female were 0.35 and 1.0, respectively, indicating a generally a low level of risk. A risk characterisation linking birth defects to nitrate levels in water consumed during the first three months of pregnancy resulted in a HQ50/50 values of 1.5 and a HQ95/5 value of 65. These HQ values indicated an elevated risk for birth defects, in particular for the more sensitive population. A sanitation improvement program in the study area had a positive effect in reducing nitrate levels in wells and the corresponding risk for public health. For example, the birth defect HQ50/50 values for a subset of wells surveyed in both 2014 and 2015 was reduced from 1.1 to 0.71. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Comparison of deferral rates using a computerized versus written blood donor questionnaire: a randomized, cross-over study [ISRCTN84429599

PubMed Central

Sellors, John W; Hayward, Robert; Swanson, Graham; Ali, Anita; Haynes, R Brian; Bourque, Ronald; Moore, Karen-Ann; Lohfeld, Lynne; Dalby, Dawn; Howard, Michelle

2002-01-01

Background Self-administered computer-assisted blood donor screening strategies may elicit more accurate responses and improve the screening process. Methods Randomized crossover trial comparing responses to questions on a computerized hand-held tool (HealthQuiz, or HQ), to responses on the standard written instrument (Donor Health Assessment Questionnaire, or DHAQ). Randomly selected donors at 133 blood donation clinics in the area of Hamilton, Canada participated from 1995 to 1996. Donors were randomized to complete either the HQ or the DHAQ first, followed by the other instrument. In addition to responses of 'yes' and 'no' on both questionnaires, the HQ provided a response option of 'not sure'. The primary outcome was the number of additional donors deferred by the HQ. Results A total of 1239 donors participated. Seventy-one potential donors were deferred as a result of responses to the questionnaires; 56.3% (40/71) were deferred by the DHAQ, and an additional 43.7% (31/71) were deferred due to risks identified by the HQ but not by the DHAQ. Fourteen donors self-deferred; 11 indicated on the HQ that they should not donate blood on that day but did not use the confidential self-exclusion option on the DHAQ, and three used the self-exclusion option on the DHAQ but did not indicate that they should not donate blood on the HQ. The HQ identified a blood contact or risk factor for HIV/AIDS or sexually transmitted infection that was not identified by the DHAQ in 0.1% to 2.7% of donors. Conclusion A self-administered computerized questionnaire may increase risk reporting by blood donors. PMID:12191432

Analysis of pressure head-flow loops of pulsatile rotodynamic blood pumps.

PubMed

Jahren, Silje E; Ochsner, Gregor; Shu, Fangjun; Amacher, Raffael; Antaki, James F; Vandenberghe, Stijn

2014-04-01

The clinical importance of pulsatility is a recurring topic of debate in mechanical circulatory support. Lack of pulsatility has been identified as a possible factor responsible for adverse events and has also demonstrated a role in myocardial perfusion and cardiac recovery. A commonly used method for restoring pulsatility with rotodynamic blood pumps (RBPs) is to modulate the speed profile, synchronized to the cardiac cycle. This introduces additional parameters that influence the (un)loading of the heart, including the timing (phase shift) between the native cardiac cycle and the pump pulses, and the amplitude of speed modulation. In this study, the impact of these parameters upon the heart-RBP interaction was examined in terms of the pressure head-flow (HQ) diagram. The measurements were conducted using a rotodynamic Deltastream DP2 pump in a validated hybrid mock circulation with baroreflex function. The pump was operated with a sinusoidal speed profile, synchronized to the native cardiac cycle. The simulated ventriculo-aortic cannulation showed that the level of (un)loading and the shape of the HQ loops strongly depend on the phase shift. The HQ loops displayed characteristic shapes depending on the phase shift. Increased contribution of native contraction (increased ventricular stroke work [WS ]) resulted in a broadening of the loops. It was found that the previously described linear relationship between WS and the area of the HQ loop for constant pump speeds becomes a family of linear relationships, whose slope depends on the phase shift. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. and International Center for Artificial Organs and Transplantation.

75 FR 42676 - National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants for Major Sources: Industrial...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-07-22

... ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY 40 CFR Parts 60 and 63 [EPA-HQ-OAR-2002-0058; EPA-HQ-OAR-2006-0790; EPA-HQ-OAR-2003-0119; FRL- 9178-2] RIN 2060-AG69, RIN 2060-AM44, RIN 2060-AO12 National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants for Major Sources: Industrial, Commercial, and Institutional Boilers...

8-Hydroxyquinolines: a review of their metal chelating properties and medicinal applications

PubMed Central

Prachayasittikul, Veda; Prachayasittikul, Supaluk; Ruchirawat, Somsak; Prachayasittikul, Virapong

2013-01-01

Metal ions play an important role in biological processes and in metal homeostasis. Metal imbalance is the leading cause for many neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, and multiple sclerosis. 8-Hydroxyquinoline (8HQ) is a small planar molecule with a lipophilic effect and a metal chelating ability. As a result, 8HQ and its derivatives hold medicinal properties such as antineurodegenerative, anticancer, antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and antidiabetic activities. Herein, diverse bioactivities of 8HQ and newly synthesized 8HQ-based compounds are discussed together with their mechanisms of actions and structure–activity relationships. PMID:24115839

Postinflammatory hyperpigmentation: evolving combination treatment strategies.

PubMed

Taylor, Susan C; Burgess, Cheryl M; Callender, Valerie D; Fu, Jan; Rendon, Marta I; Roberts, Wendy E; Shalita, Alan R

2006-08-01

Postinflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH) is a common acquired excess of pigment in the epidermal and/or dermal layers of the skin. Lesions persist for extended periods if untreated, thus therapy is warranted. Topical monotherapies include the standard bleaching agent hydroquinone (HQ) as well as retinoids. Recently, several fixed-dose combination products were introduced to the armamentarium: HQ 4%-retinol 0.15% in a microsponge formulation; HQ 4%-retinol 0.3%; mequinol 2%-tretinoin (RA) 0.01%; and fluocinolone acetonide (FA) 0.01%, HQ 4%, and RA 0.05%. Recent findings have suggested that mequinol 2%-RA 0.01% solution is a promising alternative for the treatment of PIH.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Huang, Jie; Lucero, Antonio T.; Cheng, Lanxia

In this study, we have deposited organic-inorganic hybrid semiconducting hydroquinone (HQ)/zinc oxide (ZnO) superlattices using molecular-atomic layer deposition, which enables accurate control of film thickness, excellent uniformity, and sharp interfaces at a low deposition temperature (150 °C). Self-limiting growth of organic layers is observed for the HQ precursor on ZnO surface. Nano-laminates were prepared by varying the number of HQ to ZnO cycles in order to investigate the physical and electrical effects of different HQ to ZnO ratios. It is indicated that the addition of HQ layer results in enhanced mobility and reduced carrier concentration. The highest Hall mobility of approximatelymore » 2.3 cm{sup 2}/V·s and the lowest n-type carrier concentration of approximately 1.0 × 10{sup 18}/cm{sup 3} were achieved with the organic-inorganic superlattice deposited with a ratio of 10 ZnO cycles to 1 HQ cycle. This study offers an approach to tune the electrical transport characteristics of ALD ZnO matrix thin films using an organic dopant. Moreover, with organic embedment, this nano-laminate material may be useful for flexible electronics.« less

The co-drug of conjugated hydroquinone and azelaic acid to enhance topical skin targeting and decrease penetration through the skin.

PubMed

Hsieh, Pei-Wen; Al-Suwayeh, Saleh A; Fang, Chia-Lang; Lin, Chwan-Fwu; Chen, Chun-Che; Fang, Jia-You

2012-06-01

A co-drug of hydroquinone (HQ) and azelaic acid (AA), bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)nonanedioate (BHN), was synthesized and investigated as a topical prodrug with the aim of improving the dermal delivery of the parent drugs. Physicochemical parameters were ascertained, and the enzymatic hydrolysis was examined. Skin permeation of HQ, AA, and BHN was studied by determining the skin deposition and flux across nude mouse skin under equivalent doses with the same thermodynamic activity. The partition coefficient (log P) of the co-drug increased by up to 5.0 with HQ and AA conjugation, which had respective log P values of 0.5 and 1.4. In the skin absorption experiment, BHN in ethanol/pH 7 buffer resulted in a 2-fold enhancement of skin deposition compared to both HQ and AA. With permeation using polyethylene glycol 400/pH 7 buffer as the vehicle, the co-drug, respectively, exhibited 8.1- and 1.4-fold enhancements of skin uptake compared to HQ and AA alone. The transdermal flux from BHN was negligible compared to those with HQ and AA treatments. The results of a preliminary safety evaluation showed no signs of stratum corneum disruption or erythema by BHN application within 24h. The co-drug approach provides a viable option for the treatment of skin hyperpigmentation of HQ and AA. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Hydrodynamics-based functional forms of activity metabolism: a case for the power-law polynomial function in animal swimming energetics.

PubMed

Papadopoulos, Anthony

2009-01-01

The first-degree power-law polynomial function is frequently used to describe activity metabolism for steady swimming animals. This function has been used in hydrodynamics-based metabolic studies to evaluate important parameters of energetic costs, such as the standard metabolic rate and the drag power indices. In theory, however, the power-law polynomial function of any degree greater than one can be used to describe activity metabolism for steady swimming animals. In fact, activity metabolism has been described by the conventional exponential function and the cubic polynomial function, although only the power-law polynomial function models drag power since it conforms to hydrodynamic laws. Consequently, the first-degree power-law polynomial function yields incorrect parameter values of energetic costs if activity metabolism is governed by the power-law polynomial function of any degree greater than one. This issue is important in bioenergetics because correct comparisons of energetic costs among different steady swimming animals cannot be made unless the degree of the power-law polynomial function derives from activity metabolism. In other words, a hydrodynamics-based functional form of activity metabolism is a power-law polynomial function of any degree greater than or equal to one. Therefore, the degree of the power-law polynomial function should be treated as a parameter, not as a constant. This new treatment not only conforms to hydrodynamic laws, but also ensures correct comparisons of energetic costs among different steady swimming animals. Furthermore, the exponential power-law function, which is a new hydrodynamics-based functional form of activity metabolism, is a special case of the power-law polynomial function. Hence, the link between the hydrodynamics of steady swimming and the exponential-based metabolic model is defined.

Labor Costs in DoD Contracts.

DTIC Science & Technology

1985-08-01

Labor Costs in 000 Contracts HQ DA, ATTN: DACA -BUZ-X (Mr. Walker) HQ DA, ATTN: DACA -OM1Z-B (Mr. Olson) HQ DA, ATTN: DACS-DPZ-B (Dr. Bellaschi) Defense...counterparts and if so, recommend corrective action . C. APPROACH. In addition to reviewing current methods used to monitor and control labor costs, a...Compensation Related Actions .................................... 27 6. Compensation Data Information Flow .................................. 32 V

Pair mobility functions for rigid spheres in concentrated colloidal dispersions: Stresslet and straining motion couplings

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Su, Yu; Swan, James W.; Zia, Roseanna N.

2017-03-01

Accurate modeling of particle interactions arising from hydrodynamic, entropic, and other microscopic forces is essential to understanding and predicting particle motion and suspension behavior in complex and biological fluids. The long-range nature of hydrodynamic interactions can be particularly challenging to capture. In dilute dispersions, pair-level interactions are sufficient and can be modeled in detail by analytical relations derived by Jeffrey and Onishi [J. Fluid Mech. 139, 261-290 (1984)] and Jeffrey [Phys. Fluids A 4, 16-29 (1992)]. In more concentrated dispersions, analytical modeling of many-body hydrodynamic interactions quickly becomes intractable, leading to the development of simplified models. These include mean-field approaches that smear out particle-scale structure and essentially assume that long-range hydrodynamic interactions are screened by crowding, as particle mobility decays at high concentrations. Toward the development of an accurate and simplified model for the hydrodynamic interactions in concentrated suspensions, we recently computed a set of effective pair of hydrodynamic functions coupling particle motion to a hydrodynamic force and torque at volume fractions up to 50% utilizing accelerated Stokesian dynamics and a fast stochastic sampling technique [Zia et al., J. Chem. Phys. 143, 224901 (2015)]. We showed that the hydrodynamic mobility in suspensions of colloidal spheres is not screened, and the power law decay of the hydrodynamic functions persists at all concentrations studied. In the present work, we extend these mobility functions to include the couplings of particle motion and straining flow to the hydrodynamic stresslet. The couplings computed in these two articles constitute a set of orthogonal coupling functions that can be utilized to compute equilibrium properties in suspensions at arbitrary concentration and are readily applied to solve many-body hydrodynamic interactions analytically.

Photoelectrochemical processes in organic semiconductor: Ambipolar perylene diimide thin film

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kim, Jung Yong; Chung, In Jae

2018-03-01

A thin film of N,N‧-dioctadecyl-3,4,9,10-perylene tetracarboxylic diimide (PTCDI-C18) is spin-coated on indium tin oxide (ITO) glass. Using the PTCDI-C18/ITO electrode, we fabricate a photoelectrochemical cell with the ITO/PTCDI-C18/Redox Electrolyte/Pt configuration. The electrochemical properties of this device are investigated as a function of hydroquinone (HQ) concentration, bias voltage, and wavelength of light. Anodic photocurrent is observed at V ≥ -0.2 V vs. Ag/AgCl, indicating that the PTCDI-C18 film acts as an n-type semiconductor as usual. However, when benzoquinone (BQ) is inserted into the electrolyte system instead of HQ, cathodic photocurrent is observed at V ≤ 0.0 V, displaying that PTCDI-C18 abnormally serves as a p-type semiconductor. Hence the overall results reveal that the PTCDI-C18 film can be an ambipolar functional semiconductor depending on the redox couple in the appropriate voltage.

Genome-Wide Functional Profiling Reveals Genes Required for Tolerance to Benzene Metabolites in Yeast

PubMed Central

North, Matthew; Tandon, Vickram J.; Thomas, Reuben; Loguinov, Alex; Gerlovina, Inna; Hubbard, Alan E.; Zhang, Luoping; Smith, Martyn T.; Vulpe, Chris D.

2011-01-01

Benzene is a ubiquitous environmental contaminant and is widely used in industry. Exposure to benzene causes a number of serious health problems, including blood disorders and leukemia. Benzene undergoes complex metabolism in humans, making mechanistic determination of benzene toxicity difficult. We used a functional genomics approach to identify the genes that modulate the cellular toxicity of three of the phenolic metabolites of benzene, hydroquinone (HQ), catechol (CAT) and 1,2,4-benzenetriol (BT), in the model eukaryote Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Benzene metabolites generate oxidative and cytoskeletal stress, and tolerance requires correct regulation of iron homeostasis and the vacuolar ATPase. We have identified a conserved bZIP transcription factor, Yap3p, as important for a HQ-specific response pathway, as well as two genes that encode putative NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductases, PST2 and YCP4. Many of the yeast genes identified have human orthologs that may modulate human benzene toxicity in a similar manner and could play a role in benzene exposure-related disease. PMID:21912624

Quantification of Hydroxychloroquine in Blood Using Turbulent Flow Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry (TFLC-MS/MS).

PubMed

Chambliss, Allison B; Füzéry, Anna K; Clarke, William A

2016-01-01

Hydroxychloroquine (HQ) is used routinely in the treatment of autoimmune disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis and lupus erythematosus. Issues such as marked pharmacokinetic variability and patient non-compliance make therapeutic drug monitoring of HQ a useful tool for management of patients taking this drug. Quantitative measurements of HQ may aid in identifying poor efficacy as well as provide reliable information to distinguish patient non-compliance from refractory disease. We describe a rapid 7-min assay for the accurate and precise measurement of HQ concentrations in 100 μL samples of human blood using turbulent flow liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry. HQ is isolated from EDTA whole blood after a simple extraction with its deuterated analog, hydroxychloroquine-d4, in 0.33 M perchloric acid. Samples are then centrifuged and injected onto the TFLC-MS/MS system. Quantification is performed using a nine-point calibration curve that is linear over a wide range (15.7-4000 ng/mL) with precisions of <5 %.

Solid Phase Extraction of Inorganic Mercury Using 5-Phenylazo-8-hydroxyquinoline and Determination by Cold Vapor Atomic Fluorescence Spectroscopy in Natural Water Samples

PubMed Central

Daye, Mirna; Halwani, Jalal; Hamzeh, Mariam

2013-01-01

8-Hydroxyquinoline (8-HQ) was chosen as a powerful ligand for Hg solid phase extraction. Among several chelating resins based on 8-HQ, 5-phenylazo-8-hydroxyquinoline (5Ph8HQ) is used for mercury extraction in which the adsorption dynamics were fully studied. It has been shown that Hg(II) is totally absorbed by 5Ph8HQ within the first 30 minutes of contact time with t 1/2 5 minutes, following Langmuir adsorption model. At pH 4, the affinity of mercury is unchallenged by other metals except, for Cu(II), which have shown higher Kd value. With these latter characteristics, 5Ph8HQ was examined for the preconcentration of trace levels of Hg(II). The developed method showed quantitative recoveries of Hg(II) with LOD = 0.21 pg mL−1 and RSD = 3–6% using cold vapor atomic fluorescence spectroscopy (CV-AFS) with a preconcentration factor greater than 250. PMID:24459417

Field Quality and Fabrication Analysis of HQ02 Reconstructed Nb3Sn Coil Cross Sections

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Holik, Eddie Frank; Ambrosio, Giorgio; Carbonara, Andrea

2017-01-23

The US LHC Accelerator Research Program (LARP) quadrupole HQ02 was designed and fully tested as part of the low-beta quad development for Hi-Lumi LHC. HQ02’s design is well documented with full fabrication accounting along with full field analysis at low and high current. With this history, HQ02 is an excellent test bed for developing a methodology for measuring turn locations from magnet cross sections and comparing with CAD models and measured field. All 4 coils of HQ02 were cut in identical locations along the magnetic length corresponding to magnetic field measurement and coil metrology. A real-time camera and coordinate measuringmore » equipment was used to plot turn corners. Measurements include systematic and random displacements of winding blocks and individual turns along the magnetic length. The range of cable shifts and the field harmonic range along the length are in agreement, although correlating turn locations and measured harmonics in each cross section is challenging.« less

76 FR 10584 - Notice of Receipt of Several Pesticide Petitions Filed for Residues of Pesticide Chemicals in or...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-02-25

... ">[email protected] epa.gov . 2. PP 0E7802. (EPA-HQ-OPP-2010-1018). Interregional Research Project Number 4 (IR....gov ">[email protected] epa.gov . 3. PP 0E7804. (EPA-HQ-OPP-2010-0472). Interregional Research Project No....gov ">[email protected] epa.gov . 4. PP 0E7809. (EPA-HQ-OPP-2010-1017). Interregional Research Project No...

A comparison of the cytogenetic alterations and global DNA hypomethylation induced by the benzene metabolite, hydroquinone, with those induced by melphalan and etoposide

PubMed Central

Ji, Z; Zhang, L; Peng, V.; Ren, X; McHale, CM; Smith, MT

2015-01-01

Specific cytogenetic alterations and changes in DNA methylation are involved in leukemogenesis. Benzene, an established human leukemogen, is known to induce cytogenetic changes through its active metabolites including hydroquinone (HQ), but the specific alterations have not been fully characterized. Global DNA hypomethylation was reported in a population exposed to benzene, but has not been confirmed in vitro. In this study, we examined cytogenetic changes in chromosomes 5, 7, 8, 11 and 21, and global DNA methylation in human TK6 lymphoblastoid cells treated with HQ for 48 h, and compared the HQ-induced alterations with those induced by two well-known leukemogens, melphalan, an alkylating agent, and etoposide, a DNA topoisomerase II inhibitor. We found that rather than inducing cytogenetic alterations distinct from those induced by melphalan and etoposide, HQ induced alterations characteristic of each agent. HQ induced global DNA hypomethylation at a level intermediate to melphalan (no effect) and etoposide (potent effect). These results suggest that HQ may act similar to an alkylating agent and also similar to a DNA topoisomerase II inhibitor in living cells, both of which may be potential mechanisms of benzene toxicity. In addition to cytogenetic changes, global DNA hypomethylation may be another mechanism underlying the leukemogenicity of benzene. PMID:20339439

Sharptooth catfish shows its metal: a case study of metal contamination at two impoundments in the Olifants River, Limpopo river system, South Africa.

PubMed

Jooste, Antoinette; Marr, Sean M; Addo-Bediako, Abraham; Luus-Powell, Wilmien J

2015-02-01

Clarias gariepinus is increasing in importance as a global aquaculture species with a 100 fold increase in production over the past decade but this species still remains one of the most important wild harvested freshwater food fish throughout rural Africa. However, this species has been shown to accumulate metals from contaminated inland waters. In this paper, the metal concentrations in muscle tissue of C. gariepinus from two main-stem impoundments in the Olifants River, Limpopo Basin, were measured and a desktop risk assessment based on the US-EPA methodology completed to evaluate whether long-term consumption of C. gariepinus from these impoundments may pose a health risk to rural communities. Our results show that metals are accumulating in the muscle tissue of C. gariepinus and have appeared to have increased in the last two decades. Risk assessment generated Hazard quotients (HQ) greater than 1 indicate that long term consumption of fish from these impoundments may cause adverse health impacts. We found that lead (HQ=9), antimony (HQ=14), cobalt (HQ=2) and chromium (HQ=1) at one impoundment and lead (HQ=2) at the other impoundment were above acceptable levels for weekly consumption of 150 g C. gariepinus muscle tissue. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Comparison of Toxicity of Benzene Metabolite Hydroquinone in Hematopoietic Stem Cells Derived from Murine Embryonic Yolk Sac and Adult Bone Marrow

PubMed Central

Zhu, Jie; Wang, Hong; Yang, Shuo; Guo, Liqiao; Li, Zhen; Wang, Wei; Wang, Suhan; Huang, Wenting; Wang, Liping; Yang, Tan; Ma, Qiang; Bi, Yongyi

2013-01-01

Benzene is an occupational toxicant and an environmental pollutant that potentially causes hematotoxicity and leukemia in exposed populations. Epidemiological studies suggest an association between an increased incidence of childhood leukemia and benzene exposure during the early stages of pregnancy. However, experimental evidence supporting the association is lacking at the present time. It is believed that benzene and its metabolites target hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) to cause toxicity and cancer in the hematopoietic system. In the current study, we compared the effects of hydroquinone (HQ), a major metabolite of benzene in humans and animals, on mouse embryonic yolk sac hematopoietic stem cells (YS-HSCs) and adult bone marrow hematopoietic stem cells (BM-HSCs). YS-HSCs and BM-HSCs were isolated and enriched, and were exposed to HQ at increasing concentrations. HQ reduced the proliferation and the differentiation and colony formation, but increased the apoptosis of both YS-HSCs and BM-HSCs. However, the cytotoxic and apoptotic effects of HQ were more apparent and reduction of colony formation by HQ was more severe in YS-HSCs than in BM-HSCs. Differences in gene expression profiles were observed in HQ-treated YS-HSCs and BM-HSCs. Cyp4f18 was induced by HQ both in YS-HSCs and BM-HSCs, whereas DNA-PKcs was induced in BM-HSCs only. The results revealed differential effects of benzene metabolites on embryonic and adult HSCs. The study established an experimental system for comparison of the hematopoietic toxicity and leukemogenicity of benzene and metabolites during mouse embryonic development and adulthood. PMID:23940708

Development and Clinical Assessment of a Comprehensive Product for Pigmentation Control in Multiple Ethnic Populations.

PubMed

Makino, Elizabeth T; Kadoya, Kuniko; Sigler, Monya L; Hino, Peter D; Mehta, Rahul C

2016-12-01

Pigmentary changes in people of different ethnic origins are controlled by slight variations in key biological pathways leading to different outcomes from the same treatment. It is important to develop and test products for desired outcomes in varying ethnic populations. To develop a comprehensive product (LYT2) that affects all major biological pathways controlling pigmentation and test for clinical efficacy and safety in different ethnic populations. A thorough analysis of biological pathways was used to identify ingredient combinations for LYT2 that provided optimal melanin reduction in a 3-D skin model. Expression of four key genes for melanogenesis, TYR, TYRP-1, DCT, and MITF was analyzed by qPCR. Clinical study was conducted to compare the efficacy and tolerability of LYT2 against 4% hydroquinone (HQ). Average melanin suppression by LYT2 in 7 independent experiments was 45%. All four key genes show significant down- regulation of expression. LYT2 provided statistically significant reductions in mean overall hyperpigmentation grades as early as week 2 compared to baseline, with continued significant improvements through week 12 in all ethnic groups tested. We have successfully combined management of 6 categories of pathways related to melanogenesis: melanocyte activation, melanosome development, melanin production, melanin distribution, keratinocyte turnover, and barrier function to create a comprehensive HQ-free product. The outcome clearly shows greater pigmentation control with LYT2 compared to other HQ-free products in skin tissue models and earlier control in clinical studies compared to 4% HQ. Clinical study shows pigmentation control benefits of LYT2 in people of Caucasian, Hispanic, and African ethnic origins. J Drugs Dermatol. 2016;15(12):1562-1570.

Prediction of the external work of the native heart from the dynamic H-Q curves of the rotary blood pumps during left heart bypass.

PubMed

Yokoyama, Yoshimasa; Kawaguchi, Osamu; Kitao, Takashi; Kimura, Taro; Steinseifer, Ulrich; Takatani, Setsuo

2010-09-01

The ventricular performance is dependent on the drainage effect of rotary blood pumps (RBPs) and the performance of RBPs is affected by the ventricular pulsation. In this study, the interaction between the ventricle and RBPs was examined using the pressure-volume (P-V) diagram of the ventricle and dynamic head pressure-bypass flow (H-Q) curves (H, head pressure: arterial pressure minus ventricular pressure vs. Q, bypass flow) of the RBPs. We first investigated the relationships in a mock loop with a passive fill ventricle, followed by validation in ex vivo animal experiments. An apical drainage cannula with a micro-pressure sensor was especially fabricated to obtain ventricular pressure, while three pairs of ultrasonic crystals placed on the heart wall were used to derive ventricular volume. The mock loop-configured ventricular apical-descending aorta bypass revealed that the external work of the ventricle expressed by the area inside the P-V diagrams (EW(Heart) ) correlated strongly with the area inside dynamic H-Q curves (EW(VAD)), with the coefficients of correlation being R² = 0.869 ∼ 0.961. The results in the mock loop were verified in the ex vivo studies using three Shiba goats (10-25 kg in body weight), showing the correlation coefficients of R² = 0.802 ∼ 0.817. The linear regression analysis indicated that the increase in the bypass flow reduced pulsatility in the ventricle expressed in EW(Heart) as well as in EW(VAD) . Experimental results, both mock loop and animal studies, showed that the interaction between cardiac external work and H-Q performance of RBPs can be expressed by the relationships "EW(Heart) versus EW(VAD) ." The pulsatile nature of the native heart can be expressed in the area underneath the H-Q curves of RBPs EW(VAD) during left heart bypass indicating the status of the level of assistance by RBPs and the native heart function. © 2010, Copyright the Authors. Artificial Organs © 2010, International Center for Artificial Organs and Transplantation and Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Restrictive Cardiomyopathy Associated With Long-Term Use of Hydroxychloroquine for Systemic Lupus Erythematosus.

PubMed

Sabato, Leah A; Mendes, Lisa A; Cox, Zachary L

2017-10-01

Hydroxychloroquine (HQ) is commonly prescribed for autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus. We report a case of a 75-year-old female presenting with de novo decompensated heart failure and restrictive cardiomyopathy (left ventricular ejection fraction: 40%-45%) after treatment with HQ for more than 11 years. Hydroxychloroquine was discontinued, and follow-up echocardiogram 57 days after discontinuation showed normalization of her left ventricular ejection fraction. A score of 7 on the Naranjo Adverse Drug Reaction Probability Scale indicates that HQ is a probable cause of this patient's cardiomyopathy. An adverse drug effect due to HQ should be considered in treated patients who present with restrictive cardiomyopathy. Discontinuation may allow for partial or complete reversal of the cardiomyopathy.

Coarse-grained hydrodynamics from correlation functions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Palmer, Bruce

2018-02-01

This paper will describe a formalism for using correlation functions between different grid cells as the basis for determining coarse-grained hydrodynamic equations for modeling the behavior of mesoscopic fluid systems. Configurations from a molecular dynamics simulation or other atomistic simulation are projected onto basis functions representing grid cells in a continuum hydrodynamic simulation. Equilibrium correlation functions between different grid cells are evaluated from the molecular simulation and used to determine the evolution operator for the coarse-grained hydrodynamic system. The formalism is demonstrated on a discrete particle simulation of diffusion with a spatially dependent diffusion coefficient. Correlation functions are calculated from the particle simulation and the spatially varying diffusion coefficient is recovered using a fitting procedure.

Argument for a Joint Safety Reporting System

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-02-13

Process Manager for the HQ AF Safety Center (AFSEC) at Kirtland AFB, New Mexico . His primary duties included leadership and oversight of the day-to...Military Mishaps Functional Lead and Navy-Marine Corps Subject Matter Expert ( SME ) for the SIMWG, the DOD Force Risk Reduction system rolls up the service

Multifractal detrended fluctuation analysis to characterize phase couplings in seahorse (Hippocampus kuda) feeding clicks.

PubMed

Haris, K; Chakraborty, Bishwajit; Menezes, A; Sreepada, R A; Fernandes, W A

2014-10-01

Nonlinear phenomena in animal vocalizations fundamentally includes known features, namely, frequency jump, subharmonics, biphonation, and deterministic chaos. In the present study, the multifractal detrended fluctuation analysis (MFDFA) has been employed to characterize the phase couplings revealed in the feeding clicks of Hippocampus kuda yellow seahorse. The fluctuation function Fq(s), generalized Hurst exponent h(q), multifractal scaling exponent τ(q), and the multifractal spectrum f(α) calculated in the procedure followed were analyzed to comprehend the underlying nonlinearities in the seahorse clicks. The analyses carried out reveal long-range power-law correlation properties in the data, substantiating the multifractal behavior. The resulting h(q) spectrum exhibits a distinct characteristic pattern in relation to the seahorse sex and size, and reveals a spectral blind spot in the data that was not possible to detect by conventional spectral analyses. The corresponding multifractal spectrum related width parameter Δh(q) is well clustered, defining the individual seahorse clicks. The highest degree of multifractality is evident in the 18 cm male seahorse, signifying greater heterogeneity. A further comparison between the seahorse body size and weight (wet) with respect to the width parameter Δh(q) and the second-order Hurst exponent h(q=2) underscores the versatility of MFDFA as a robust statistical tool to analyze bioacoustic observations.

8-Hydroxyquinolines Are Boosting Agents of Copper-Related Toxicity in Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

PubMed

Shah, Santosh; Dalecki, Alex G; Malalasekera, Aruni P; Crawford, Cameron L; Michalek, Suzanne M; Kutsch, Olaf; Sun, Jim; Bossmann, Stefan H; Wolschendorf, Frank

2016-10-01

Copper (Cu) ions are likely the most important immunological metal-related toxin utilized in controlling bacterial infections. Impairment of bacterial Cu resistance reduces viability within the host. Thus, pharmacological enhancement of Cu-mediated antibacterial toxicity may lead to novel strategies in drug discovery and development. Screening for Cu toxicity-enhancing antibacterial molecules identified 8-hydroxyquinoline (8HQ) to be a potent Cu-dependent bactericidal inhibitor of Mycobacterium tuberculosis The MIC of 8HQ in the presence of Cu was 0.16 μM for replicating and nonreplicating M. tuberculosis cells. We found 8HQ's activity to be dependent on the presence of extracellular Cu and to be related to an increase in cell-associated labile Cu ions. Both findings are consistent with 8HQ acting as a Cu ionophore. Accordingly, we identified the 1:1 complex of 8HQ and Cu to be its active form, with Zn, Fe, or Mn neither enhancing nor reducing its Cu-specific action. This is remarkable, considering that the respective metal complexes have nearly identical structures and geometries. Finally, we found 8HQ to kill M. tuberculosis selectively within infected primary macrophages. Given the stark Cu-dependent nature of 8HQ activity, this is the first piece of evidence that Cu ions within macrophages may bestow antibacterial properties to a Cu-dependent inhibitor of M. tuberculosis In conclusion, our findings highlight the metal-binding ability of the 8-hydroxyquinoline scaffold to be a potential focus for future medicinal chemistry and highlight the potential of innate immunity-inspired screening platforms to reveal molecules with novel modes of action against M. tuberculosis. Copyright © 2016, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Hydrogen bond assisted interaction of glutamine with chromium (III) complex of 8-hydroxyquinoline: Experimental and theoretical studies

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Narayanan, Jayanthi; Carlos-Alberto, Aguilar H.; Arturo, Lazarini M.; Höpfl, Herbert; Enrique-Fernando, Velazquez C.; Fernando, Rocha A.; Fernando-Toyohiko, Wakida K.; Velazquez-Lopez, José E.; Lesli, Arroyo O.

2018-03-01

Chromium (III) complex [Cr (hq)3;C2H5OH] of 8-hydroxyquinoline (hq) was prepared and its structure was resolved by X-ray diffraction analysis at low-temperature, showing that Cr3+ ion presents in distorted octahedral geometry, and it is consistent with the DFT optimized structure. It was observed that solvent ethanol is involved a hydrogen bond with 8-hydroxyquinoline anion. Furthermore, the molecular orbital contributions to spectral bands observed for the complex were determined by TD-DFT. The interaction of [Cr (hq)3;C2H5OH] with glutamine (Gln) or asparagine (Asn) shows that the complex binds effectively with glutamine through hydrogen bonding (H2N+-HṡṡṡOethanol) to form a possible stable adduct [Cr (hq)3;C2H5OH)Gln], yielding its binding constant 10,000 times greater (1.4315 M-1) than that for Asn (5.0 × 10-4 M-1). This is apparently due to the formation of stable secondary coordination sphere through the hydrogen bond between the metal complex with Gln. This observation is good agreement with the total molecular energy as well as with the molecular orbital study, i.e. in the DFT calculation, a lower total molecular energy (-8299,549.441 kcal/mmol) for [Cr (hq)3;C2H5OH) Gln] was obtained than that resulted for [Cr (hq)3;C2H5OH)Asn] (-8194,799.867 kcal/mmol), establishing ethanol effectively stabilizes the interaction between glutamine and the complex. Finally, antibacterial properties of [Cr (hq)3;C2H5OH] against Gram positive Bacillus cereus and Gram negative Escherichia coli was also studied, and compared its bacterial growths for its adducts of glutamine or of asparagine.

Hypomethylation mediated by decreased DNMTs involves in the activation of proto-oncogene MPL in TK6 cells treated with hydroquinone.

PubMed

Liu, Linhua; Ling, Xiaoxuan; Liang, Hairong; Gao, Yuting; Yang, Hui; Shao, Junli; Tang, Huanwen

2012-03-25

Hydroquinone (HQ), one of the most important metabolites derived from benzene, is known to be associated with acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) risk, however, its carcinogenic mechanism remains unclear. In this study, the epigenetic mechanism of HQ exposure was investigated. We characterized the epigenomic response of TK6 cells to HQ exposure, and examined the mRNA expression of DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) including DNMT1, DNMT3a and DNMT3b, methyl-CpG-binding domain protein 2 (MBD2) and six proto-oncogenes (MPL, RAF1, MYB, MYC, ERBB2 and BRAF). Compared to the control cells, HQ exposure (2.5, 5.0, 10.0 and 20.0 μM for 48 h) resulted in the decrease of DNMTs and MBD2 expression, the global hypomethylation and increase of MPL at mRNA level. Meanwhile, most of these changes were in dose-dependent manner. Moreover, inhibition of DNMTs induced by 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (5-AZA), an identified DNMT inhibitor, caused more induction of MPL expression at mRNA level compared to the HQ (10.0 μM) pre-treated group. Furthermore, treatment of HQ potentially led to MPL itself hypomethylation (10.0 and 20.0 μM reduced by 47% and 44%, respectively), further revealing that the activation of proto-oncogene MPL was related to hypomethylation in its DNA sequences. In conclusion, hypomethylation, including global and specific hypomethylation, might be involved in the activation of MPL, and the hypomethylation could be induced by decreased DNMTs in TK6 cells exposed to HQ. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

Carrots and sticks: impact of an incentive/disincentive employee flexible credit benefit plan on health status and medical costs.

PubMed

Stein, A D; Karel, T; Zuidema, R

1999-01-01

Employee wellness programs aim to assist in controlling employer costs by improving the health status and fitness of employees, potentially increasing productivity, decreasing absenteeism, and reducing medical claims. Most such programs offer no disincentive for nonparticipation. We evaluated an incentive/disincentive program initiated by a large teaching hospital in western Michigan. The HealthPlus Health Quotient program is an incentive/disincentive approach to health promotion. The employer's contribution to the cafeteria plan benefit package is adjusted based on results of an annual appraisal of serum cholesterol, blood pressure, tobacco use, body fat, physical fitness, motor vehicle safety, nutrition, and alcohol consumption. The adjustment (health quotient [HQ]) can range from -$25 to +$25 per pay period. We examined whether appraised health improved between 1993 and 1996 and whether the HQ predicted medical claims. Mean HQ increased slightly (+$0.47 per pay period in 1993 to +$0.89 per pay period in 1996). Individuals with HQs of less than -$10 per pay period incurred approximately twice the medical claims of the other groups (test for linear trend, p = .003). After adjustment, medical claims of employees in the worst category (HQ < -$10 per pay period) were $1078 (95% confidence interval $429-$1728) greater than those for the neutral (HQ between -$2 and +$2 per pay period) category. A decrease in HQ of at least $6 per pay period from 1993 to 1995 was associated with $956 (95% confidence interval $264-$1647) greater costs in 1996 than was a stable HQ. The HealthPlus Health Quotient program is starting to yield benefits. Most employees are impacted minimally, but savings are accruing to the employer from reductions in medical claims paid and in days lost to illness and disability.

Anticancer activity of botanical alkyl hydroquinones attributed to topoisomerase II poisoning

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Huang, C.-P.; Fang, W.-H.; Lin, L.-I.

2008-03-15

Cytotoxic alkyl hydroquinone compounds have been isolated from many plants. We previously isolated 3 structurally similar cytotoxic alkyl hydroquinone compounds from the sap of the lacquer tree Rhus succedanea L. belonging to the sumac family, which have a long history of medicinal use in Asia. Each has an unsaturated alkyl chain attached to the 2-position of a hydroquinone ring. One of these isolates, 10'(Z),13'(E),15'(E)-heptadecatrienylhydroquinone [HQ17(3)], being the most cytotoxic, was chosen for studying the anticancer mechanism of these compounds. We found that HQ17(3) was a topoisomerase (Topo) II poison. It irreversibly inhibited Topo II{alpha} activity through the accumulation of Topomore » II-DNA cleavable complexes. A cell-based assay showed that HQ17(3) inhibited the growth of leukemia HL-60 cells with an EC{sub 50} of 0.9 {mu}M, inhibited the topoisomerase-II-deficient cells HL-60/MX2 with an EC{sub 50} of 9.6 {mu}M, and exerted no effect on peripheral blood mononuclear cells at concentrations up to 50 {mu}M. These results suggest that Topo II is the cellular drug target. In HL-60 cells, HQ17(3) promptly inhibited DNA synthesis, induced chromosomal breakage, and led to cell death with an EC{sub 50} about one-tenth that of hydroquinone. Pretreatment of the cells with N-acetylcysteine could not attenuate the cytotoxicity and DNA damage induced by HQ17(3). However, N-acetylcysteine did significantly reduce the cytotoxicity of hydroquinone. In F344 rats, intraperitoneal injection of HQ17(3) for 28 days induced no clinical signs of toxicity. These results indicated that HQ17(3) is a potential anticancer agent, and its structural features could be a model for anticancer drug design.« less

Quilamine HQ1-44, an iron chelator vectorized toward tumor cells by the polyamine transport system, inhibits HCT116 tumor growth without adverse effect.

PubMed

Renaud, Stéphanie; Corcé, Vincent; Cannie, Isabelle; Ropert, Martine; Lepage, Sylvie; Loréal, Olivier; Deniaud, David; Gaboriau, François

2015-08-01

Tumor cell growth requires large iron quantities and the deprivation of this metal induced by synthetic metal chelators is therefore an attractive method for limiting the cancer cell proliferation. The antiproliferative effect of the Quilamine HQ1-44, a new iron chelator vectorized toward tumor cells by a polyamine chain, is related to its high selectivity for the Polyamine Transport System (PTS), allowing its preferential uptake by tumoral cells. The difference in PTS activation between healthy cells and tumor cells enables tumor cells to be targeted, whereas the strong dependence of these cells on iron ensures a secondary targeting. Here, we demonstrated in vitro that HQ1-44 inhibits DNA synthesis and cell proliferation of HCT116 cells by modulating the intracellular metabolism of both iron and polyamines. Moreover, in vivo, in xenografted athymic nude mice, we found that HQ1-44 was as effective as cis-platin in reducing HCT116 tumor growth, without its side effects. Furthermore, as suggested by in vitro data, the depletion in exogenous or endogenous polyamines, known to activate the PTS, dramatically enhanced the antitumor efficiency of HQ1-44. These data support the need for further studies to assess the value of HQ1-44 as an adjuvant treatment in cancer. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

32 CFR 806.1 - Summary of revisions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... Headquarters United States Air Force (HQ USAF/SC) and Headquarters Air Force Communications and Information Center/Corporate Information Division (HQ AFCIC/ITC); contains significant changes and additions to...

Chemical-clathrate hybrid hydrogen storage: storage in both guest and host.

PubMed

Strobel, Timothy A; Kim, Yongkwan; Andrews, Gary S; Ferrell, Jack R; Koh, Carolyn A; Herring, Andrew M; Sloan, E Dendy

2008-11-12

Hydrogen storage from two independent sources of the same material represents a novel approach to the hydrogen storage problem, yielding storage capacities greater than either of the individual constituents. Here we report a novel hydrogen storage scheme in which recoverable hydrogen is stored molecularly within clathrate cavities as well as chemically in the clathrate host material. X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopic measurements confirm the formation of beta-hydroquinone (beta-HQ) clathrate with molecular hydrogen. Hydrogen within the beta-HQ clathrate vibrates at considerably lower frequency than hydrogen in the free gaseous phase and rotates nondegenerately with splitting comparable to the rotational constant. Compared with water-based clathrate hydrate phases, the beta-HQ+H2 clathrate shows remarkable stability over a range of p-T conditions. Subsequent to clathrate decomposition, the host HQ was used to directly power a PEM fuel cell. With one H2 molecule per cavity, 0.61 wt % hydrogen may be stored in the beta-HQ clathrate cavities. When this amount is combined with complete dehydrogenation of the host hydroxyl hydrogens, the maximum hydrogen storage capacity increases nearly 300% to 2.43 wt %.

Seven new species of Begonia (Begoniaceae) in Northern Vietnam and Southern China

PubMed Central

Chen, Wen-Hong; Radbouchoom, Sirilak; Nguyen, Hieu Quang; Nguyen, Hiep Tien; Nguyen4, Khang Sinh; Shui, Yu-Min

2018-01-01

Abstract Since 2016, KIB (Kunming Institute of Botany) and CPC (Centre for Plant Conservation of Vietnam) have conducted several surveys in the transboundary karst regions in Northern Vietnam and Southern China and seven new species in the genus Begonia Linn. (Begoniaceae) are firstly described. Amongst them, two species, Begonia albopunctata Y.M. Shui, W.H. Chen & H.Q. Nguyen and B. erectocarpa H.Q. Nguyen, Y.M. Shui & W.H. Chen, respectively belong to section Sphenanthera with berry fruits and section Leprosae with clavate berry fruits; four species, B. gulongshanensis Y.M. Shui & W. H. Chen, B. minissima H.Q. Nguyen, Y.M. Shui & W.H. Chen, B. mollissima Y.M. Shui, H.Q. Nguyen & W.H. Chen, B. rhytidophylla Y.M. Shui & W.H. Chen, belong to section Coelocentrum with parietal placentation; one species, Begonia bambusetorum H.Q. Nguyen, Y.M. Shui & W.H. Chen, belongs to section Diploclinium with 3-loculed ovary and capsules. The diagnostic characters of these species are described and illustrated in the text and photographs. PMID:29416422

Creating Joint Leaders Today for a Successful Air Force Tomorrow (1REV)

DTIC Science & Technology

2016-04-01

armed force in the same grade and competitive category who are serving on, or have served on, the HQ staff of their armed force; and 2. Officers in the...period from the release of the promotion results and the pin-on date. 5 Department of the Air Force, HQ Air Force Personnel Center, Demographics and...2009), Section 619a. 9 ibid, Section 619a. 10 Department of the Air Force, HQ Air Force Personnel Center, A-1 Manpower Division. 11 Phone

The Bachelor’s Degree in Military Arts and Science: A Foundation for Key Leader Development

DTIC Science & Technology

2016-06-10

8 Headquarters, Department of the Army, Army Regulation 350-1, Army Training and Leader Development (Washington, DC: HQ DA G3/5/7, 19 September...Units and Developing Leaders (Washington, DC: HQ DA G3/5/7, 23 August 2012). 10 Headquarters, Department of the Army, Army Doctrine Reference...Publication 3, Unified Land Operations (Washington, DC: HQ DA G3/5/7, 16 May 2012). 11 Headquarters, Department of the Army, Army Doctrine Reference

Electroless deposition of Au nanoparticles on reduced graphene oxide/polyimide film for electrochemical detection of hydroquinone and catechol

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Shen, Xuan; Xia, Xiaohong; Du, Yongling; Wang, Chunming

2017-09-01

An electrochemical sensor for determination of hydroquinone (HQ) and catechol (CC) was developed using Au nanoparticles (AuNPs) fabricated on reduced graphene oxide/polyimide (PI/RGO) film by electroless deposition. The electrochemical behaviors of HQ and CC at PI/RGO-AuNPs electrode were investigated by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). Under the optimized condition, the current responses at PI/RGO-AuNPs electrode were linear over ranges from 1 to 654 mol/L for HQ and from 2 to 1289 mol/L for CC, with the detection limits of 0.09 and 0.2 mol/L, respectively. The proposed electrode exhibited good reproducibility, stability and selectivity. In addition, the proposed electrode was successfully applied in the determination of HQ and CC in tap water and the Yellow River samples.

Fan Noise Control Using Herschel-Quincke Resonators

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Burdisso, Ricardo A.; Ng, Wing F.

2003-01-01

The research effort proposed for this NASA NRA is mainly experimental. In addition, Virginia Tech is working in partnership with Goodrich Aerospace, Aerostructures Group for the analytical development needed to support the experimental endeavor, i.e. model development, design, and system studies. In this project, Herschel-Quincke (HQ)liner technology experiments will be performed at the NASA Glenn Active Noise Control Fan (ANCF) facility. A schematic of both inlet and aft HQ-liner systems installed in the ANCF rig as well as a picture of the Glenn facility is shown. The main goal is to simultaneously test in both the inlet and bypass duct sections. The by-pass duct will have HQ-systems in both the inner and outer duct walls. The main advantages of performing tests at the ANCF facility are that the effect of the inlet HQ-system on the by-pass HQ-system and vice versa, can be accurately determined from the in-duct modal data. Another significant advantage is that it offers the opportunity to assess (on a common basis) the proposed noise reduction concept on the ANCF rig which in the past has been used for assessing other active and passive noise reduction strategies.

Fan Noise Control Using Herschel-quincke Resonators

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Burdisso, Ricardo A.; Ng, Wing F.; Provenza, Andrew (Technical Monitor)

2003-01-01

The research effort proposed for this NASA NRA is mainly experimental. In addition, Virginia Tech is working in partnership with Goodrich Aerospace, Aerostructures Group for the analytical development needed to support the experimental endeavor, i.e. model development, design, and system studies. In this project, Herschel-Quincke (HQ)liner technology experiments will be performed at the NASA Glenn Active Noise Control Fan (ANCF) facility. A schematic of both inlet and aft HQ-liner systems installed in the ANCF rig as well as a picture of the Glenn facility is shown. The main goal is to simultaneously test in both the inlet and bypass duct sections. The by-pass duct will have HQ-systems in both the inner and outer duct walls. The main advantages of performing tests at the ANCF facility are that the effect of the inlet HQ-system on the by-pass HQ-system and vice versa, can be accurately determined from the in-duct modal data. Another significant advantage is that it offers the opportunity to assess (on a common basis) the proposed noise reduction concept on the ANCF rig which in the past has been used for assessing other active and passive noise reduction strategies.

Induction of Renal Cell Tumors in Rats and Mice, and Enhancement of Hepatocellular Tumor Development in Mice after Long‐term Hydroquinone Treatment

PubMed Central

Hirose, Masao; Tanaka, Hikaru; Asakawa, Emiko; Shirai, Tomoyuki; Ito, Nobuyuki

1991-01-01

Hydroquinone (HQ) was administered to F344 rats and B6C3F1 mice of both sexes at a level of 0.8% in the diet for two years. This treatment induced renal tubular hyperplasia as well as adenomas, predominantly in males of both species, and was associated with chronic nephropathy in rats. In addition, the occurrence of epithelial hyperplasia of the renal papilla was increased in male rats. Foci of cellular alteration of the liver were significantly reduced in number by HQ in rats, but in contrast, were increased in mice, where development of hepatocellular adenoma was also enhanced in males. The incidence of squamous cell hyperplasia of the forestomach epithelium was significantly higher in mice of both sexes given HQ than in the controls, but no corresponding increase in tumor development was observed. The present study strongly indicates potential renal carcinogenicity of HQ in male rats and hepatocarcinogenicity in male mice. Thus, it is possible that HQ, which is present in the human environment, may play a role in cancer development in man. PMID:1752780

Fires Readiness: The State of US Army Fires in Support of Combined Arms Maneuver at the Division Level

DTIC Science & Technology

2016-06-10

proficiency in their core competencies. 15. SUBJECT TERMS Fires, Fire Support, DIVARTY, FAB , Combined Arms Maneuver, DOTMLPF 16. SECURITY...FAA Functional Area Analysis FAB Field Artillery Brigade FER Final Exercise Report FFA HQ Force Field Artillery Headquarters FM Field Manual FNA...function. This provided me the opportunity to work with several Division Artillerys (DIVARTYs) and Field Artillery Brigades ( FABs ). During this time

Organo-redox shuttle promoted protic ionic liquid electrolyte for supercapacitor

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sathyamoorthi, S.; Suryanarayanan, V.; Velayutham, D.

2015-01-01

Performance of activated charcoal based supercapacitor (SC) containing hydroquinone (HQ), as an organic redox shuttle, is evaluated in triethylammonium bis(trifluoromethane)sulfonimide (TEATFSI). Cyclic voltammograms of the SC show pseudocapacitive contribution of HQ and the galvanostatic charge-discharge measurement shows enhanced specific capacitance (72.0 F g-1) and specific energy (31.22 Wh Kg-1). The presence of HQ shows low charge transfer resistance, as confirmed by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Cyclic stability of the SC in the redox mediated electrolyte is comparable with that of the protic ionic liquid.

Simultaneous topographic and amperometric membrane mapping using an AFM probe integrated biosensor.

PubMed

Stanca, Sarmiza Elena; Csaki, Andrea; Urban, Matthias; Nietzsche, Sandor; Biskup, Christoph; Fritzsche, Wolfgang

2011-02-15

The investigation of the plasma membrane with intercorrelated multiparameter techniques is a prerequisite for understanding its function. Presented here, is a simultaneous electrochemical and topographic study of the cell membrane using a miniaturized amperometric enzymatic biosensor. The fabrication of this biosensor is also reported. The biosensor combines a scanning force microscopy (AFM) gold-coated cantilever and an enzymatic transducer layer of peroxidases (PODs). When these enzymes are brought in contact with the substrate, the specific redox reaction produces an electric current. The intensity of this current is detected simultaneously with the surface imaging. For sensor characterization, hydroquinone-2-carboxylic acid (HQ) is selected as an intrinsic source of H(2)O(2). HQ has been electrochemically regenerated by the reduction of antraquinone-2-carboxylic acid (AQ). The biosensor reaches the steady state value of the current intensity in 1 ± 0.2s. Copyright © 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Spectral-optical-electrical-thermal properties of deposited thin films of nano-sized calcium(II)-8-hydroxy-5,7-dinitroquinolate complex.

PubMed

Farag, A A M; Haggag, Sawsan M S; Mahmoud, Mohamed E

2011-11-01

Spectral-optical-electrical-thermal properties of deposited thin films of nano-sized calcium(II)-8-hydroxy-5,7-dinitroquinolate complex, Ca[((NO(2))(2)-8HQ)(2)], were explored, studied and evaluated in this work. Thin films of Ca[((NO(2))(2)-8HQ)(2)] were assembled by using a direct, simple and efficient layer-by-layer (LBL) chemical deposition technique. The optical properties of thin films were investigated by using spectrophotometric measurements of transmittance and reflectance at normal incidence in the wavelength range 200-2500 nm. The refractive index, n, and the absorption index, k, of Ca[((NO(2))(2)-8HQ)(2)] films were determined from the measured transmittance and reflectance. The real and imaginary dielectric constants were also determined. The analysis of the spectral behavior of the absorption coefficient in the intrinsic absorption region reveals a direct allowed transition with band gaps of 1.1 eV and 2.4 eV for the optical and transport energy gaps, respectively. The current-voltage characteristics of Ca[((NO(2))(2)-8HQ)(2)] showed a trap-charge limited conduction in determining the current at the intermediate and high bias regimes. Graphical representation of the current-voltage characteristics yields three distinct linear parts indicating the existence of three conduction mechanisms. Structural characterization and identification were confirmed by using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was also used to image the surface morphology of the deposited nano-sized metal complex and such study revealed a high homogeneity in surface spherical particle distribution with average particles size in the range 20-40 nm. Thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) was also studied for [(NO(2))(2)-8HQ] and Ca[((NO(2))(2)-8HQ)(2)] to evaluate and confirm the thermal stability characteristics incorporated into the synthesized nano-sized Ca[((NO(2))(2)-8HQ)(2)] complex. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Flame atomic absorption spectrometric determination of heavy metals in aqueous solution and surface water preceded by co-precipitation procedure with copper(II) 8-hydroxyquinoline

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ipeaiyeda, Ayodele Rotimi; Ayoade, Abisayo Ruth

2017-12-01

Co-precipitation procedure has widely been employed for preconcentration and separation of metal ions from the matrices of environmental samples. This is simply due to its simplicity, low consumption of separating solvent and short duration for analysis. Various organic ligands have been used for this purpose. However, there is dearth of information on the application of 8-hydroxyquinoline (8-HQ) as ligand and Cu(II) as carrier element. The use of Cu(II) is desirable because there is no contamination and background adsorption interference. Therefore, the objective of this study was to use 8-HQ in the presence of Cu(II) for coprecipitation of Cd(II), Co(II), Cr(III), Ni(II) and Pb(II) from standard solutions and surface water prior to their determinations by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS). The effects of pH, sample volume, amount of 8-HQ and Cu(II) and interfering ions on the recoveries of metal ions from standard solutions were monitored using FAAS. The water samples were treated with 8-HQ under the optimum experimental conditions and metal concentrations were determined by FAAS. The metal concentrations in water samples not treated with 8-HQ were also determined. The optimum recovery values for metal ions were higher than 85.0%. The concentrations (mg/L) of Co(II), Ni(II), Cr(III), and Pb(II) in water samples treated with 8-HQ were 0.014 ± 0.002, 0.03 ± 0.01, 0.04 ± 0.02 and 0.05 ± 0.02, respectively. These concentrations and those obtained without coprecipitation technique were significantly different. Coprecipitation procedure using 8-HQ as ligand and Cu(II) as carrier element enhanced the preconcentration and separation of metal ions from the matrix of water sample.

Analytical Modeling of Herschel-Quincke Concept Applied to Inlet Turbofan Engines

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hallez, Raphael F.; Burdisso, Ricardo A.; Gerhold, Carl H. (Technical Monitor)

2002-01-01

This report summarizes the key results obtained by the Vibration and Acoustics Laboratories at Virginia Tech over the period from January 1999 to December 2000 on the project 'Investigation of an Adaptive Herschel-Quincke Tube Concept for the Reduction of Tonal and Broadband Noise from Turbofan Engines', funded by NASA Langley Research Center. The Herschel-Quincke (HQ) tube concept is a developing technique the consists of circumferential arrays of tubes around the duct. The analytical model is developed to provide prediction and design guidelines for application of the HQ concept to turbofan engine inlets. An infinite duct model is developed and used to provide insight into attenuation mechanisms and design strategies. Based on this early model, the NASA-developed TBIEM3D code is modified for the HQ system. This model allows for investigation of the HQ system combined with a passive liner.

The Simultaneous Electrochemical Detection of Catechol and Hydroquinone with [Cu(Sal-β-Ala)(3,5-DMPz)2]/SWCNTs/GCE

PubMed Central

Alshahrani, Lina Abdullah; Li, Xi; Luo, Hui; Yang, Linlin; Wang, Mengmeng; Yan, Songling; Liu, Peng; Yang, Yuqin; Li, Quanhua

2014-01-01

A glassy carbon electrode was modified with a copper(II) complex [Cu(Sal-β-Ala) (3,5-DMPz)2] (Sal = salicylaldehyde, β-Ala = β-alanine, 3,5-DMPz = 3,5-dimethylpyrazole) and single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs). The modified electrode was used to detect catechol (CT) and hydroquinone (HQ) and exhibited good electrocatalytic activities toward the oxidation of CT and HQ. The peak currents were linear with the CT and HQ concentrations over the range of 5–215 μmol·L−1 and 5–370 μmol·L−1 with corresponding detection limits of 3.5 μmol·L−1 and 1.46 μmol·L−1 (S/N = 3) respectively. Moreover, the modified electrode exhibited good sensitivity, stability and reproducibility for the determination of CT and HQ, indicating the promising applications of the modified electrode in real sample analysis. PMID:25429411

A glassy carbon electrode modified with poly(2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine) for simultaneous detection of dihydroxybenzene isomers.

PubMed

Lopa, Nasrin Siraj; Rahman, Md Mahbubur; Jang, Hohyoun; Sutradhar, Sabuj Chandra; Ahmed, Faiz; Ryu, Taewook; Kim, Whangi

2017-12-06

2,4-Dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH) was electropolymerized on the surface of an anodized glassy carbon electrode by cyclic voltammetry. The anodized electrode has a highly electroactive surface due to the creation of chemically functionalized graphitic nanoparticles, and this facilitates the formation of poly-DNPH via radical polymerization. Poly-DNPH displays excellent redox activity due to the presence of nitro groups on its backbone. These catalyze the electro-oxidation of hydroquinone (HQ) and catechol (CT). The peak-to-peak separation is around 109 mV, while a bare GCE cannot resolve the peaks (located at 165 and 274 mV vs. Ag/AgCl). Sensitivity is also enhanced to ∼1.20 and 1.19 μA·cm -2 ·μM -1 , respectively. The sensor has a linear response that covers the 20-250 μM concentration range for both HQ and CT, with 0.75 and 0.76 μM detection limits, respectively, at simultaneous detection. Commonly present species do not interfere. Graphical abstract A novel conducting poly(2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine)-modified anodized glassy carbon electrode (pDNPH/AGCE) was developed by electrochemical method. The electro-catalytic activity of pDNPH/AGCE sensor was investigated for the selective and simultaneous electrochemical detection of hydroquinone (HQ) and catechol (CT), which revealed high sensitivities and low detection limits with excellent stability.

Further enhancement of facial appearance with a hydroquinone skin care system plus tretinoin in patients previously treated with botulinum toxin Type A.

PubMed

Schlessinger, Joel; Kenkel, Jeffrey; Werschler, Philip

2011-07-01

A hydroquinone (HQ) skin care system has been designed for use in conjunction with nonsurgical procedures. The authors evaluate the efficacy of this system plus tretinoin for improving facial appearance in comparison to a standard skin care regimen in users of botulinum toxin Type A (BoNT-A). In this multicenter, randomized, investigator-masked, parallel-group study, 61 patients who received upper facial treatment with BoNT-A at a plastic surgery or dermatology clinic were randomly assigned to apply either the HQ system (cleanser, toner, proprietary 4% hydroquinone, exfoliant, and sunscreen) plus 0.05% tretinoin cream or a standard skin care regimen (cleanser, moisturizer, and sunscreen) for 120 days. Outcomes were assessed by the investigators and through a patient questionnaire. Compared with standard skin care, the HQ system plus tretinoin resulted in significantly milder fine lines/wrinkles and hyperpigmentation at Days 30, 90, and 120 (p ≤ .05) and significantly superior overall ratings for each of nine patient assessments at Days 90 and 120 (p ≤ .05). A relatively greater proportion of patients using the HQ system plus tretinoin believed that their study treatment had further enhanced the improvements attained with BoNT-A (86% vs 8%). Both regimens were generally well tolerated. Adjunctive use of the HQ system plus tretinoin can further enhance the improvements in facial appearance attained with BoNT-A. Applying the HQ system plus tretinoin offers multiple clinical benefits over standard skin care, including significantly greater improvements in fine lines/wrinkles and hyperpigmentation.

Deoxyarbutin Possesses a Potent Skin-Lightening Capacity with No Discernible Cytotoxicity against Melanosomes.

PubMed

Miao, Fang; Shi, Ying; Fan, Zhi-Feng; Jiang, Shan; Xu, Shi-Zheng; Lei, Tie-Chi

2016-01-01

Safe and effective ingredients capable of removing undesired hyperpigmentation from facial skin are urgently needed for both pharmaceutical and cosmetic purposes. Deoxyarbutin (4-[(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl) oxy] phenol, D-Arb) is a glucoside derivative of hydroquinone. Here, we investigated the toxicity and efficacy of D-Arb at the sub-cellular level (directly on melanosomes) and skin pigmentation using in vivo and in vitro models to compare with its parent compound hydroquinone (1,4-benzenediol, HQ). At first, we examined the ultrastructural changes of melanosomes in hyperpigmented guinea pig skin induced by 308-nm monochromatic excimer lightand/or treated with HQ and D-Arb using transmission electron microscopy. The results showed that prominent changes in the melanosomal membrane, such as bulb-like structure and even complete rupture of the outer membranes, were found in the skin after topical application of 5% HQ for 10 days. These changes were barely observed in the skin treated with D-Arb. To further clarify whether membrane toxicity of HQ was a direct result of the compound treatment, we also examinedultrastructural changes of individual melanosomes purified from MNT1 human melanoma cells. Similar observations were obtained from the naked melanosome model in vitro. Finally, we determined the effects of melanosomal fractions exposed to HQ or D-Arb on hydroxyl radical generation in the Fenton reaction utilizing an electron spin resonance assay. D-Arb-treated melanosomesexhibit a moderate hydroxyl radical-scavenging activity, whereas HQ-treated melanosomessignificantly generate more hydroxyl free radicals. This study suggests that D-Arb possesses a potent ability in skin lightening and antioxidation with less melanosome cytotoxicity.

78 FR 65978 - Application To Export Electric Energy; Powerex Corp.

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-11-04

... above, by accessing the program Web site at http://energy.gov/node/11845 , or by emailing Angela Troy at hq.doe.gov ">Angela.Troy@ hq.doe.gov . Issued in Washington, DC, on October 29, 2013. Brian Mills...

Linearized hepatitis B surface antigen and hepatitis B core-related antigen in the natural history of chronic hepatitis B.

PubMed

Seto, W-K; Wong, D K-H; Fung, J; Huang, F-Y; Liu, K S-H; Lai, C-L; Yuen, M-F

2014-11-01

Changes in two novel HBV serological markers, linearized hepatitis B surface antigen (HQ-HBsAg) and hepatitis B core-related antigen (HBcrAg), in the natural history of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) have not been well characterized. Serum HQ-HBsAg and HBcrAg levels of 404 Asian treatment-naïve CHB patients were analysed in a cross-sectional manner. Patients were categorized into five groups: immune tolerant (IT group, n=52), immune clearance (IC group, n=105), hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)-negative hepatitis (ENH group, n=97), HBeAg-negative quiescent group (ENQ group, n=95) and CHB with hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) seroclearance (SC group, n=55). HQ-HBsAg and HBcrAg were measured and correlated with HBV DNA, HBsAg, HBV genotype and clinical parameters. HQ-HBsAg showed good correlation with HBsAg, especially in the ENQ group (r=0.874, p<0.001). Correlation of HQ-HBsAg with HBV DNA was less prominent and weakest in the ENH group (r=0.268, p 0.008). HBcrAg correlated best with HBV DNA in the ENQ group (r=0.537, p<0.001). In the ENQ group, 42.1% of patients had undetectable HBcrAg; this subgroup of patients, when compared with those with detectable HBcrAg, had significantly lower median HBV DNA (3.17/4.48 log IU/mL, p<0.001) and HBsAg (5.05/5.96 log mIU/mL, p<0.001) levels. Forty per cent of the SC group patients had detectable HQ-HBsAg and/or HBcrAg up to 42 months after HBsAg seroclearance. When comparing anti-HBs positivity and median time after HBsAg seroclearance in the SC group with and without detectable HQ-HBsAg/HBcrAg, there was no significant difference (22.7% and 36.4%, respectively, p 0.284, and 76.5 and 93.2 months, respectively, p 0.245). HQ-HBsAg and HBcrAg showed unique patterns of distribution throughout the five disease phases of CHB, including high detectability rates after HBsAg seroclearance, opening up different possibilities for their applicability. © 2014 The Authors Clinical Microbiology and Infection © 2014 European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases.

Nonlinear finite amplitude torsional vibrations of cantilevers in viscous fluids

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Aureli, Matteo; Pagano, Christopher; Porfiri, Maurizio

2012-06-01

In this paper, we study torsional vibrations of cantilever beams undergoing moderately large oscillations within a quiescent viscous fluid. The structure is modeled as an Euler-Bernoulli beam, with thin rectangular cross section, under base excitation. The distributed hydrodynamic loading experienced by the vibrating structure is described through a complex-valued hydrodynamic function which incorporates added mass and fluid damping elicited by moderately large rotations. We conduct a parametric study on the two dimensional computational fluid dynamics of a pitching rigid lamina, representative of a generic beam cross section, to investigate the dependence of the hydrodynamic function on the governing flow parameters. As the frequency and amplitude of the oscillation increase, vortex shedding and convection phenomena increase, thus resulting into nonlinear hydrodynamic damping. We derive a handleable nonlinear correction to the classical hydrodynamic function developed for small amplitude torsional vibrations for use in a reduced order nonlinear modal model and we validate theoretical results against experimental findings.

T -matrix approach to quark-gluon plasma

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Liu, Shuai Y. F.; Rapp, Ralf

2018-03-01

A self-consistent thermodynamic T -matrix approach is deployed to study the microscopic properties of the quark-gluon plasma (QGP), encompassing both light- and heavy-parton degrees of freedom in a unified framework. The starting point is a relativistic effective Hamiltonian with a universal color force. The input in-medium potential is quantitatively constrained by computing the heavy-quark (HQ) free energy from the static T -matrix and fitting it to pertinent lattice-QCD (lQCD) data. The corresponding T -matrix is then applied to compute the equation of state (EoS) of the QGP in a two-particle irreducible formalism, including the full off-shell properties of the selfconsistent single-parton spectral functions and their two-body interaction. In particular, the skeleton diagram functional is fully resummed to account for emerging bound and scattering states as the critical temperature is approached from above. We find that the solution satisfying three sets of lQCD data (EoS, HQ free energy, and quarkonium correlator ratios) is not unique. As limiting cases we discuss a weakly coupled solution, which features color potentials close to the free energy, relatively sharp quasiparticle spectral functions and weak hadronic resonances near Tc, and a strongly coupled solution with a strong color potential (much larger than the free energy), resulting in broad nonquasiparticle parton spectral functions and strong hadronic resonance states which dominate the EoS when approaching Tc.

Environmental Exposure to Cadmium: Health Risk Assessment and its Associations with Hypertension and Impaired Kidney Function

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wu, Haiyun; Liao, Qilin; Chillrud, Steven N.; Yang, Qiang; Huang, Lei; Bi, Jun; Yan, Beizhan

2016-07-01

Cadmium (Cd) is a toxic metal. This study was aimed to estimate the potential health risks in a Cd-polluted district in China, and examine the relationship between urinary cadmium(UCd) and hypertension and impaired kidney function at low exposure levels (UCd: GM 1.3 μg/g creatinine). Blood pressure measurement, questionnaires, and collection of urinary samples were conducted from 217 residents. Environmental samples, food, and cigarette samples were collected and detected to estimate the risks posed by Cd and the contribution of inhalation, ingestion, and dermal contact pathways to these risks. A logistic regression model was used in examining associations between exposure and hypertension and impaired kidney function. Results show that this population is at high risk. For non-smokers, incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR) and hazard quotient (HQ) are 1.74E-04 and 2.96, and for smokers, they are 1.07E-03 and 52.5, respectively. Among all exposure pathways, smoking and foods cause the major increases in ILCR and HQ. UCd is significantly associated with hypertension (odds ratio (OR) = 1.468 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.104, 1.953; P = 0.008) and impaired kidney function (OR = 1.902, 95% CI: 1.054, 3.432; P = 0.033). The results demonstrate that Cd can potentially lead to adverse health effects.

Wideband Communications Equipment, Ground Radio Communication, Space Comm Systems Equipment. 304X0/X4/X6 Training Requirements Analysis

DTIC Science & Technology

1990-05-01

are vague and appear to be only a detailed index to the referenced tech- nical orders, not as an effective learning tool as they could be. (HQ SPCD ...equipment now in use. (HQ SPCD /LGMK) The current dates of volumes and supplements are listed below in Table 6. 16 TABLE 6 DATES OF CDCs AND SUPPLEMENTS BY...of set criteria for the trainers to follow. (HQ SPCD /LGMK) c. The AFETS/CFS programs are some of the best training in the career fields. These

Fan noise control using Herschel-Quincke resonators on a production turbofan engine

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Burdisso, Ricardo A.; Gerhold, Carl H.

2002-05-01

The Herschel-Quincke (HQ) resonator concept is an innovative technique that consists of installing circumferential arrays of HQ waveguides around the inlet of a turbofan engine. An HQ waveguide is essentially a hollow side tube that travels along (but not necessarily parallel to) the engine axis and attaches to the inlet at each of the two ends of the tube. To investigate the potential of the concept, the approach was tested on a full-scale production Honeywell TFE731-60 engine. An HQ-inlet system containing two arrays was designed to attenuate the blade passage frequency (BPF) tone at approach condition, i.e., 60% engine power. However, the system was tested over the full range of engine power settings. The effects of each array both individually and together were evaluated as compared to the hard-wall case. Both far-field and induct data were recorded during the tests. The results show good attenuation of both the BPF tone and broadband components. Furthermore, reduction of ``buzz-saw'' tones, i.e., additional tones radiated from the inlet when the fan-tip speed goes supersonic, was observed with the HQ system. Some fan distortion effects and increase in noise was observed at higher engine speeds. [Work supported by NASA Langley Research Center.

Luminescence of five-coordinated nickel(ii) complexes with substituted-8-hydroxyquinolines and macrocyclic ligands.

PubMed

Santana, M Dolores; García-Bueno, Rocío; García, Gabriel; Pérez, José; García, Luis; Monge, Miguel; Laguna, Antonio

2010-02-21

A series of heteroleptic quinolinolate pentacoordinated nickel(ii) complexes, [Ni(mcN(3))(R(1),R(2),R(3)-8-hq)](PF(6)), were synthesized and characterized by spectroscopic methods. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies for [(Me(3)-mcN(3))Ni(N,O-2-CN-8-hq)][PF(6)] (6a), [(Me(4)-mcN(3))Ni(N,O-8-hq)][PF(6)] (2b) and [(Me(4)-mcN(3))Ni(N,O-5,7-I(2)-8-hq)][PF(6)] (5b) indicate that these complexes consist of a square-pyramidal ligand arrangement containing one chelating quinolinolate and one macrocyclic ligand (mcN(3)). Variation of the substituents on quinolinolate ligands imposes obvious electronic or structural effects on the nickel atom. These chromophores absorb moderately in the visible region and emit in the yellowish-green spectral region from a quinolinolate-centered intraligand charge-transfer excited state. The emission maxima are in the range 520-548 nm, with quantum yields between 0.11 and 1.63%, in deoxygenated organic solvents at room temperature. TD-DFT calculations allow exploration of the photophysical properties of complex [(Me(4)-mcN(3))Ni(N,O-8-hq)][PF(6)] and reveal the influence of the quinolinolate ligand on the HOMO/LUMO energies and oscillator strengths.

Effects of hydroquinone on retinal and vascular cells in vitro

PubMed Central

Sharma, Ashish; Patil, Jayaprakash A; Gramajo, Ana L; Seigel, Gail M; Kuppermann, Baruch D; Kenney, Cristina M

2012-01-01

Aim: To explore the molecular pathophysiology that might explain the epidemiologic association between cigarette smoke and age-related macular degeneration (AMD) by examining the effects of hydroquinone (HQ), a toxic compound present in high concentration in cigarette smoke-related tar, on human retinal pigment epithelial cells (ARPE-19), rat retinal neurosensory cells (R-28), and human microvascular endothelial cells (HMVEC). Materials and Methods: ARPE-19, R-28, and HMVEC were treated for 24 h with four different concentrations of HQ (500 μM, 200 μM, 100 μM, 50 μM). Cell viability, caspase-3/7 activation, DNA laddering patterns, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels were analyzed. Results: At 50 μM HQ, R-28 cells showed a significant decrease in cell viability compared with the dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)-treated controls. At the 100–500 μM concentrations, all three cell lines showed significant cell death (P < 0.001). In the ARPE-19, R-28, and HMVEC cultures, the caspase-3/7 activities were not increased at any of the HQ concentration. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that the mechanism of cell death in all three cell lines was through non-apoptotic pathway. In addition, neuroretinal R-28 cells were more sensitive to HQ than the ARPE-19 and HMVEC cultures. PMID:22569379

Hydroquinone induces DNA hypomethylation-independent overexpression of retroelements in human leukemia and hematopoietic stem cells.

PubMed

Conti, Anastasia; Rota, Federica; Ragni, Enrico; Favero, Chiara; Motta, Valeria; Lazzari, Lorenza; Bollati, Valentina; Fustinoni, Silvia; Dieci, Giorgio

2016-06-10

Hydroquinone (HQ) is an important benzene-derived metabolite associated with acute myelogenous leukemia risk. Although altered DNA methylation has been reported in both benzene-exposed human subjects and HQ-exposed cultured cells, the inventory of benzene metabolite effects on the epigenome is only starting to be established. In this study, we used a monocytic leukemia cell line (THP-1) and hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) from cord blood to investigate the effects of HQ treatment on the expression of the three most important families of retrotransposons in the human genome: LINE-1, Alu and Endogenous retroviruses (HERVs), that are normally subjected to tight epigenetic silencing. We found a clear tendency towards increased retrotransposon expression in response to HQ exposure, more pronounced in the case of LINE-1 and HERV. Such a partial loss of silencing, however, was generally not associated with HQ-induced DNA hypomethylation. On the other hand, retroelement derepression was also observed in the same cells in response to the hypomethylating agent decitabine. These observations suggest the existence of different types of epigenetic switches operating at human retroelements, and point to retroelement activation in response to benzene-derived metabolites as a novel factor deserving attention in benzene carcinogenesis studies. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Synthesis of nitrogen-doped activated graphene aerogel/gold nanoparticles and its application for electrochemical detection of hydroquinone and o-dihydroxybenzene

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Juanjuan, Zhang; Ruiyi, Li; Zaijun, Li; Junkang, Liu; Zhiguo, Gu; Guangli, Wang

2014-04-01

Graphene aerogel materials have attracted increasing attention owing to their large specific surface area, high conductivity and electronic interactions. Here, we report for the first time a novel strategy for the synthesis of nitrogen-doped activated graphene aerogel/gold nanoparticles (N-doped AGA/GNs). First, the mixture of graphite oxide, 2,4,6-trihydroxybenzaldehyde, urea and potassium hydroxide was dispersed in water and subsequently heated to form a graphene oxide hydrogel. Then, the hydrogel was dried by freeze-drying and reduced by thermal annealing in an Ar/H2 environment in sequence. Finally, GNs were adsorbed on the surface of the N-doped AGA. The resulting N-doped AGA/GNs offers excellent electronic conductivity (2.8 × 103 S m-1), specific surface area (1258 m2 g-1), well-defined 3D hierarchical porous structure and apparent heterogeneous electron transfer rate constant (40.78 +/- 0.15 cm s-1), which are notably better than that of previous graphene aerogel materials. Moreover, the N-doped AGA/GNs was used as a new sensing material for the electrochemical detection of hydroquinone (HQ) and o-dihydroxybenzene (DHB). Owing to the greatly enhanced electron transfer and mass transport, the sensor displays ultrasensitive electrochemical response to HQ and DHB. Its differential pulse voltammetric peak current linearly increases with the increase of HQ and DHB in the range of 5.0 × 10-8 to 1.8 × 10-4 M for HQ and 1 × 10-8 to 2.0 × 10-4 M for DHB. The detection limit is 1.5 × 10-8 M for HQ and 3.3 × 10-9 M for DHB (S/N = 3). This method provides the advantage of sensitivity, repeatability and stability compared with other HQ and DHB sensors. The sensor has been successfully applied to detection of HQ and DHB in real water samples with the spiked recovery in the range of 96.8-103.2%. The study also provides a promising approach for the fabrication of various graphene aerogel materials with improved electrochemical performances, which can be potentially applied in biosensors, electrocatalysis, and energy storage/conversion devices.Graphene aerogel materials have attracted increasing attention owing to their large specific surface area, high conductivity and electronic interactions. Here, we report for the first time a novel strategy for the synthesis of nitrogen-doped activated graphene aerogel/gold nanoparticles (N-doped AGA/GNs). First, the mixture of graphite oxide, 2,4,6-trihydroxybenzaldehyde, urea and potassium hydroxide was dispersed in water and subsequently heated to form a graphene oxide hydrogel. Then, the hydrogel was dried by freeze-drying and reduced by thermal annealing in an Ar/H2 environment in sequence. Finally, GNs were adsorbed on the surface of the N-doped AGA. The resulting N-doped AGA/GNs offers excellent electronic conductivity (2.8 × 103 S m-1), specific surface area (1258 m2 g-1), well-defined 3D hierarchical porous structure and apparent heterogeneous electron transfer rate constant (40.78 +/- 0.15 cm s-1), which are notably better than that of previous graphene aerogel materials. Moreover, the N-doped AGA/GNs was used as a new sensing material for the electrochemical detection of hydroquinone (HQ) and o-dihydroxybenzene (DHB). Owing to the greatly enhanced electron transfer and mass transport, the sensor displays ultrasensitive electrochemical response to HQ and DHB. Its differential pulse voltammetric peak current linearly increases with the increase of HQ and DHB in the range of 5.0 × 10-8 to 1.8 × 10-4 M for HQ and 1 × 10-8 to 2.0 × 10-4 M for DHB. The detection limit is 1.5 × 10-8 M for HQ and 3.3 × 10-9 M for DHB (S/N = 3). This method provides the advantage of sensitivity, repeatability and stability compared with other HQ and DHB sensors. The sensor has been successfully applied to detection of HQ and DHB in real water samples with the spiked recovery in the range of 96.8-103.2%. The study also provides a promising approach for the fabrication of various graphene aerogel materials with improved electrochemical performances, which can be potentially applied in biosensors, electrocatalysis, and energy storage/conversion devices. Electronic supplementary information (ESI) available. See DOI: 10.1039/c4nr00005f

85. Command HQ. SAC control center (MOD) new work cross ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

85. Command HQ. SAC control center (MOD) new work cross section, drawing number AW-30-02-07, dated 7 February, 1962 - Offutt Air Force Base, Strategic Air Command Headquarters & Command Center, Headquarters Building, 901 SAC Boulevard, Bellevue, Sarpy County, NE

Deoxyarbutin Possesses a Potent Skin-Lightening Capacity with No Discernible Cytotoxicity against Melanosomes

PubMed Central

Fan, Zhi-Feng; Jiang, Shan; Xu, Shi-Zheng; Lei, Tie-Chi

2016-01-01

Safe and effective ingredients capable of removing undesired hyperpigmentation from facial skin are urgently needed for both pharmaceutical and cosmetic purposes. Deoxyarbutin (4-[(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl) oxy] phenol, D-Arb) is a glucoside derivative of hydroquinone. Here, we investigated the toxicity and efficacy of D-Arb at the sub-cellular level (directly on melanosomes) and skin pigmentation using in vivo and in vitro models to compare with its parent compound hydroquinone (1,4-benzenediol, HQ). At first, we examined the ultrastructural changes of melanosomes in hyperpigmented guinea pig skin induced by 308-nm monochromatic excimer lightand/or treated with HQ and D-Arb using transmission electron microscopy. The results showed that prominent changes in the melanosomal membrane, such as bulb-like structure and even complete rupture of the outer membranes, were found in the skin after topical application of 5% HQ for 10 days. These changes were barely observed in the skin treated with D-Arb. To further clarify whether membrane toxicity of HQ was a direct result of the compound treatment, we also examinedultrastructural changes of individual melanosomes purified from MNT1 human melanoma cells. Similar observations were obtained from the naked melanosome model in vitro. Finally, we determined the effects of melanosomal fractions exposed to HQ or D-Arb on hydroxyl radical generation in the Fenton reaction utilizing an electron spin resonance assay. D-Arb-treated melanosomesexhibit a moderate hydroxyl radical-scavenging activity, whereas HQ-treated melanosomessignificantly generate more hydroxyl free radicals. This study suggests that D-Arb possesses a potent ability in skin lightening and antioxidation with less melanosome cytotoxicity. PMID:27776184

Health Risk Assessment for Exposure to Benzene in Petroleum Refinery Environments

PubMed Central

Edokpolo, Benjamin; Yu, Qiming Jimmy; Connell, Des

2015-01-01

The health risk resulting from benzene exposure in petroleum refineries was calculated using data from the scientific literature from various countries throughout the world. The exposure data was collated into four scenarios from petroleum refinery environments and plotted as cumulative probability distributions (CPD) plots. Health risk was evaluated for each scenario using the Hazard Quotient (HQ) at 50% (CEXP50) and 95% (CEXP95) exposure levels. Benzene levels were estimated to pose a significant risk with HQ50 > 1 and HQ95 > 1 for workers exposed to benzene as base estimates for petroleum refinery workers (Scenario 1), petroleum refinery workers evaluated with personal samplers in Bulgarian refineries (Scenario 2B) and evaluated using air inside petroleum refineries in Bulgarian refineries (Scenario 3B). HQ50 < 1 were calculated for petroleum refinery workers with personal samplers in Italian refineries (Scenario 2A), air inside petroleum refineries (Scenario 3A) and air outside petroleum refineries (Scenario 4) in India and Taiwan indicating little possible adverse health effects. Also, HQ95 was < 1 for Scenario 4 however potential risk was evaluated for Scenarios 2A and 3A with HQ95 > 1. The excess Cancer risk (CR) for lifetime exposure to benzene for all the scenarios was evaluated using the Slope Factor and Overall Risk Probability (ORP) methods. The result suggests a potential cancer risk for exposure to benzene in all the scenarios. However, there is a higher cancer risk at 95% (CEXP95) for petroleum refinery workers (2B) with a CR of 48,000 per 106 and exposure to benzene in air inside petroleum refineries (3B) with a CR of 28,000 per 106. PMID:25588154

Hydroquinone induces TK6 cell growth arrest and apoptosis through PARP-1/p53 regulatory pathway.

PubMed

Luo, Hao; Liang, Hairong; Chen, Jiajia; Xu, Yongchun; Chen, Yuting; Xu, Longmei; Yun, Lin; Liu, Jiaxian; Yang, Hui; Liu, Linhua; Peng, Jianming; Liu, Zhidong; Tang, Lin; Chen, Wen; Tang, Huanwen

2017-09-01

Hydroquinone (HQ), one of the most important metabolites derived from benzene, induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) participates in various biological processes, including DNA repair and cell cycle regulation. To explore whether PARP-1 regulatory pathway mediated HQ-induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, we assessed the effect of PARP-1 suppression on induction of apoptosis analyzed by FACSCalibur flow cytometer in PARP-1 deficientTK6 cells (TK6-shPARP-1). We observed an increase in the fraction of cells in G1 phase by 7.6% and increased apoptosis by 4.5% in PARP-1-deficient TK6 cells (TK6-shPARP-1) compared to those negative control cells (TK6-shNC cells) in response to HQ treatment. Furthermore, HQ might activate the extrinsic pathways of apoptosis via up-regulation of Fas expression, followed by caspase-3 activation, apoptotic body, and sub G1 accumulation. Enhanced p53 expression was observed in TK6-shPARP-1 cells than in TK6-shNC cells after HQ treatment. In contrast, Fas expression was lower in TK6-shPARP-1 cells than in TK6-shNC cells. Therefore, we conclude that HQ may activate apoptotic signals via Fas up-regulation and p53-mediated apoptosis in TK6-shNC cells. The reduction of PARP-1 expression further intensified up-regulation of p53 in TK6-shPARP-1 cells, resulting in an increased G1→S phase cell arrest and apoptosis in TK6-shPARP-1 cells compared to TK6-shNC cells. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Antimycobacterial activity of methanolic plant extract of Artemisia capillaris containing ursolic acid and hydroquinone against Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

PubMed

Jyoti, Md Anirban; Nam, Kung-Woo; Jang, Woong Sik; Kim, Young-Hee; Kim, Su-Kyung; Lee, Byung-Eui; Song, Ho-Yeon

2016-04-01

In order to protect against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) infection, novel drugs and new targets should be screened from the vast source of plants. We investigated the potentiality of the herbal plant of Artemisia capillaris extract (AC) against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. In this study, we isolated ursolic acid and hydroquinone by bio-activity guided fractionation from the methanol extracts of AC, and tested the inhibitory effects against several strains of MTB. Anti-mycobacterial evaluation of these compounds was carried out using the MGIT™ 960 and resazurin assay. Mycobacterial morphological changes due to the treatment of these compounds were further evaluated by Transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Ursolic acid (UA) and hydroquinone (HQ) inhibited the growth of both susceptible and resistant strains of M. tuberculosis. The MIC (minimum inhibitory concentration) values of both UA and HQ were 12.5 μg/ml against the susceptible strains of M. tuberculosis. Also both UA and HQ showed 12.5-25 μg/ml of MIC values against MDR/XDR MTB strains. However, against clinical strains of MTB, UA was found sensitive against those strains that are sensitive against both INH and RFP but resistant against those strains that are resistant to INH. On the other hand HQ was sensitive against all clinical strains. TEM image-analysis of the strain H37Ra after treatment with UA revealed cell wall lysis, whereas HQ-treated cells showed deformed cytoplasmic morphology. All these results indicate that AC extracts containing UA and HQ possess promising chemotherapeutic potency against MTB for future use. Copyright © 2015 Japanese Society of Chemotherapy and The Japanese Association for Infectious Diseases. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

23. H.Q. Morton photograph #47 'South Light, Fog Horn from ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

23. H.Q. Morton photograph #47 'South Light, Fog Horn from Bluff', (view looking NE) ca. 1880. (H. Q. Morton, Photographer, 75 Westminster Street, Providence, RI. - Block Island Southeast Light, Spring Street & Mohegan Trail at Mohegan Bluffs, New Shoreham, Washington County, RI

75 FR 27798 - Notice of Issuance of Final Determination Concerning Certain Commodity-Based Clustered Storage Units

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-05-18

... device to function as a cloud computing device similar to a network storage RAID array (HDDs strung... contract. This final determination, in HQ H082476, was issued at the request of Scale Computing under... response to your request dated October 15, 2009, made on behalf of Scale Computing (``Scale''). You ask for...

Constrained and Unconstrained Localization for Automated Inspection of Marine Propellers

DTIC Science & Technology

1991-05-01

associated control polyhedron and hq, (0 < i < m - 1, 0 < j n - 1) are positive weights. B1 v(u) and Bj,’v) are the B-spline basis functions over open...Inspection by Database Matching. Technical Report CMU-RI-TR-85-4, The Robotics Institute, Carnegie Mellon University, March, 1985. Tuohy, S. T., Patrikalakis

Hybrid Organic-Inorganic Films Grown Using Molecular Layer Deposition

DTIC Science & Technology

2011-03-01

shown that zincone films based on DEZ and hydroquinone (HQ) have displayed some conductivity when alloyed with ZnO ALD films [35]. The schematic...11 Schematic showing the two-step reaction sequence for AB zincone MLD growth using diethylzinc (DEZ) and hydroquinone (HQ). The hybrid organic

32 CFR 516.62 - PFD and HQ USACIDC coordination.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... AUTHORITIES AND PUBLIC RELATIONS LITIGATION Remedies in Procurement Fraud and Corruption § 516.62 PFD and HQ... procurement fraud or corruption investigations being conducted by USACIDC and possible remedies. These... affected by a significant investigation of fraud or corruption that relates to DOD procurement activities...

Synergistic action of the benzene metabolite hydroquinone on myelopoietic stimulating activity of granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor in vitro

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Irons, R. D.; Stillman, W. S.; Colagiovanni, D. B.; Henry, V. A.; Clarkson, T. W. (Principal Investigator)

1992-01-01

The effects of in vitro pretreatment with benzene metabolites on colony-forming response of murine bone marrow cells stimulated with recombinant granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor (rGM-CSF) were examined. Pretreatment with hydroquinone (HQ) at concentrations ranging from picomolar to micromolar for 30 min resulted in a 1.5- to 4.6-fold enhancement in colonies formed in response to rGM-CSF that was due to an increase in granulocyte/macrophage colonies. The synergism equaled or exceeded that reported for the effects of interleukin 1, interleukin 3, or interleukin 6 with GM-CSF. Optimal enhancement was obtained with 1 microM HQ and was largely independent of the concentration of rGM-CSF. Pretreatment with other authentic benzene metabolites, phenol and catechol, and the putative metabolite trans, trans-muconaldehyde did not enhance growth factor response. Coadministration of phenol and HQ did not enhance the maximal rGM-CSF response obtained with HQ alone but shifted the optimal concentration to 100 pM. Synergism between HQ and rGM-CSF was observed with nonadherent bone marrow cells and lineage-depleted bone marrow cells, suggesting an intrinsic effect on recruitment of myeloid progenitor cells not normally responsive to rGM-CSF. Alterations in differentiation in a myeloid progenitor cell population may be of relevance in the pathogenesis of acute myelogenous leukemia secondary to drug or chemical exposure.

Non-invasive assessment of culture media from goat cloned embryos associated with subjective morphology by gas chromatography - mass spectroscopy-based metabolomic analysis.

PubMed

Zhang, Yan-Li; Zhang, Guo-Min; Jia, Ruo-Xin; Wan, Yong-Jie; Yang, Hua; Sun, Ling-Wei; Han, Le; Wang, Feng

2018-01-01

Pre-implantation embryo metabolism demonstrates distinctive characteristics associated with the development potential of embryos. We aim to determine if metabolic differences correlate with embryo morphology. In this study, gas chromatography - mass spectroscopy (GC-MS)-based metabolomics was used to assess the culture media of goat cloned embryos collected from high-quality (HQ) and low-quality (LQ) groups based on morphology. Expression levels of amino acid transport genes were further examined by quantitative real-time PCR. Results showed that the HQ group presented higher percentages of blastocysts compared with the LQ counterparts (P < 0.05). Metabolic differences were also present between HQ and LQ groups. The culture media of the HQ group showed lower levels of valin, lysine, glutamine, mannose and acetol, and higher levels of glucose, phytosphingosine and phosphate than those of the LQ group. Additionally, expression levels of amino acid transport genes SLC1A5 and SLC3A2 were significantly lower in the HQ group than the LQ group (P < 0.05, respectively). To our knowledge, this is the first report which uses GC-MS to detect metabolic differences in goat cloned embryo culture media. The biochemical profiles may help to select the most in vitro viable embryos. © 2017 Japanese Society of Animal Science.

Mequinol 2%/tretinoin 0.01% solution: an effective and safe alternative to hydroquinone 3% in the treatment of solar lentigines.

PubMed

Jarratt, Michael

2004-11-01

A new topical solution containing 4-hydroxyanisole (mequinol) 2%/tretinoin 0.01% (Solagé) was compared with its active components, its vehicle, and hydroquinone (HQ) 3% in the treatment of solar lentigines. In a randomized, parallel-group, double-masked study, 216 subjects applied the treatments twice daily for 16 weeks and were followed up for a further 24 weeks. A significantly higher proportion (P < or = .05) of subjects achieved clinical success with mequinol 2%/tretinoin 0.01% compared with HQ 3% as measured by both the lesional pigmentation on the forearm and the physician global assessment at the end of treatment. The proportion of subjects achieving clinical success on the face in the mequinol 2%/tretinoin 0.01% group was consistently higher than that in the HQ 3% group. Some treatment effects remained at the end of the treatment-free follow-up, with trends apparent on the face in favor of mequinol 2%/tretinoin 0.01% over HQ 3%. In all treatment groups, skin-related adverse events were mild or moderate and transient. In conclusion, the mequinol 2%/tretinoin 0.01% solution is a highly effective and well-tolerated treatment for solar lentigines and related hyperpigmented lesions, being superior to HQ 3% for lesions on the forearm and of similar efficacy for lesions on the face.

Quantitative determination of a synthetic amide derivative of gallic acid, SG-HQ2, using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry, and its pharmacokinetics in rats.

PubMed

Seo, Seung-Yong; Kang, Wonku

2016-11-30

An amide derivative of gallic acid (GA), 3,4,5-trihydroxy-N-(8-hydroxyquinolin-2-yl)benzamide) (SG-HQ2) was recently synthesized, and its inhibitory actions were previously shown on histamine release and pro-inflammatory cytokine expression. In this study, a simultaneous quantification method was developed for the determination of SG-HQ2 and its possible metabolite, GA, in rat plasma using liquid chromatography with a tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). After simple protein precipitation with acetonitrile including diclofenac (internal standard, IS), the analytes were chromatographed on a reversed phased column with a mobile phase of acetonitrile and water (60:40, v/v, including 0.1% formic acid). The ion transitions of the precursor to the product ion were principally protonated ion [M+H] + at m/z 313.2→160.6 for SG-HQ2, and deprotonated ions [M-H] - at m/z 168.7→124.9 for GA and 296.0→251.6 for the IS. The accuracy and precision of the assay were in accordance with FDA regulations for the validation of bioanalytical methods. This method was successfully applied to a pharmacokinetic study of SG-HQ2 after intravenous administration in rats. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Modeling of nanoscale liquid mixture transport by density functional hydrodynamics

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Dinariev, Oleg Yu.; Evseev, Nikolay V.

2017-06-01

Modeling of multiphase compositional hydrodynamics at nanoscale is performed by means of density functional hydrodynamics (DFH). DFH is the method based on density functional theory and continuum mechanics. This method has been developed by the authors over 20 years and used for modeling in various multiphase hydrodynamic applications. In this paper, DFH was further extended to encompass phenomena inherent in liquids at nanoscale. The new DFH extension is based on the introduction of external potentials for chemical components. These potentials are localized in the vicinity of solid surfaces and take account of the van der Waals forces. A set of numerical examples, including disjoining pressure, film precursors, anomalous rheology, liquid in contact with heterogeneous surface, capillary condensation, and forward and reverse osmosis, is presented to demonstrate modeling capabilities.

76 FR 66925 - Guidance for 1-Hour SO2

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-10-28

... making decisions concerning each document. The draft of the guidance document is available online at http... instructions for submitting comments. Email: [email protected] . Attention Docket ID No. EPA-HQ-OAR-2010-1059. Fax: (202) 566-9744. Attention Docket ID No. EPA-HQ-OAR- 2010-1059. Mail: Air Docket, Attention...

cDNAs from Nylanderia sp nr pubens (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

7 new gene sequences were identified from workers of Rasberry crazy ant, Nylanderia sp.nr. pubens, and submitted to the National Center for Biotechnology Information GenBank. GenBank accession numbers are HQ636472-HQ636478. This information will provide scientists with genetic tools to study the pop...

32 CFR 813.6 - Planning and requesting combat documentation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... Joint Operation Planning and Execution System, that in turn, requests support from HQ AMC. HQ USAF can... 32 National Defense 6 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Planning and requesting combat documentation... SALES AND SERVICES VISUAL INFORMATION DOCUMENTATION PROGRAM § 813.6 Planning and requesting combat...

32 CFR 842.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... Judge Advocate General, Headquarters, United States Air Force, Building 5683, Bolling AFB, DC 20332-6128. (g) HQ 9AF. Headquarters Ninth Air Force, Shaw AFB, SC 29152-5002. (h) Owner. A holder of a legal... for purposes of security are not owners. (i) HQ PACAF. Headquarters, Pacific Air Forces, Hickam AFB...

77 FR 59611 - Notice of Receipt of Pesticide Products; Registration Applications

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-09-28

... Symbol: 85004-RN. Docket ID Number: EPA-HQ-OPP-2012- 0609. Applicant: Pasteuria Bioscience, Inc., 12085 Research Dr., Suite 185, Alachua, FL 32615. Active ingredient: Nematicide with Pasteuria spp. (Hoplolaimus... Symbol: 85004-RR. Docket ID Number: EPA-HQ-OPP-2012- 0609. Applicant: Pasteuria Bioscience, Inc., 12085...

Dipole-modified graphene with ultrahigh gas sensibility

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jia, Ruokun; Xie, Peng; Feng, Yancong; Chen, Zhuo; Umar, Ahmad; Wang, Yao

2018-05-01

This study reports the supramolecular assembly of functional graphene-based materials with ultrahigh gas sensing performances which are induced by charge transfer enhancement. Two typical Donor-π-Accepter (D-π-A) structure molecules 4-aminoquinoline (4AQ, μ = 3.17 Debye) and 4-hydroxyquinoline (4HQ, μ = 1.98 Debye), with different charge transfer enhancing effects, were selected to modify reduce oxide graphene (rGO) via supramolecular assembly. Notably, compared to the 4HQ-rGO, the 4AQ-rGO exhibits more significant increase of gas response (Ra/Rg = 3.79) toward 10 ppm NO2, which is ascribed to the larger dipole moment (μ) of 4AQ and hence the more intensive enhancing effect of charge transfer on the interface of rGO. Meanwhile, 4AQ-rGO sensors also reveal superior comprehensive gas sensing performances, including excellent gas sensing selectivity, linearity, repeatability and stability. It is believed that the present work demonstrates an effective supramolecular approach of modifying rGO with strong dipoles to significantly improve gas sensing properties of graphene-based materials.

Comparison of Lower Body Specific Resistance Training on the Hamstring to Quadriceps Strength Ratios in Men and Women

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Dorgo, Sandor; Edupuganti, Pradeep; Smith, Darla R.; Ortiz, Melchor

2012-01-01

In this study, we compared hamstring (H) and quadriceps (Q) strength changes in men and women, as well as changes in conventional and functional H:Q ratios following an identical 12-week resistance training program. An isokinetic dynamometer was used to assess 14 male and 14 female participants before and after the intervention, and conventional…

United States Air Force Statistical Digest 1948, Third Annual Edition, Volume 1

DTIC Science & Technology

1948-12-31

L. 1. B. Corporation, Summit, Nn Jersey Lab. For Electronics Inc., Boaton, MasB. Lear Inc., Grand. l:lIlp1ds, Michigan Loach JiBlay CCCPBJl.1, ~1j ADa...l. AlAbama 2. ~ela11iare 2. California 2. Illinois 2. Arkansas J. District of Columbia J. Idaho J. Indiana J. Floriea 4. Ken ~uc1y 4. l!onta.na 4. I""a...bomD, L, Hq. GrouF, ncn, Hq. • • Sroup, Trp Carr. Hq Sq , bOOlb,VHv. Sq, uOOlb, L•••• Sq, Ftr (All 1,ea). sq , Ren, lU~t l’hoto sq, Ken , thoto ••• Sq

75 FR 71430 - Agency Information Collection Activities; Submission to OMB for Review and Approval; Comment...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-11-23

... ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY [EPA-HQ-RCRA-2010-0512, FRL- 9230-5] Agency Information Collection...), EPA ICR Number 1442.21, OMB Control Number 2050-0085 AGENCY: Environmental Protection Agency. ACTION.... ADDRESSES: Submit your comments, referencing Docket ID No. EPA-HQ-RCRA- 2010-0512, to (1) EPA, either online...

76 FR 4258 - Occupational Radiation Protection; Revision

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-01-25

... instructions for submitting comments. E-mail: [email protected]hq.doe.gov . Include Docket Number HS- RM-09-835 and..., DC 20585. FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Judith Foulke, (301) 903-5865, e-mail: [email protected]hq.doe... Concentration (DAC) for Workers from External Exposure during Immersion in a Cloud of Airborne Radioactive...

76 FR 34978 - Petition Supplement Requesting Cancellation of Propoxur Pet Collar Uses; Notice of Availability

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-06-15

... non-dietary oral exposure pathway presented in the Revised N-methyl Carbamate (NMC) Cumulative Risk... Cumulative Risk Assessment docket EPA-HQ- OPP-2007-0935; 2. A petition supplement, dated April 23, 2009... ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY [EPA-HQ-OPP-2009-0207; FRL-8875-1] Petition Supplement Requesting...

32 CFR 291.6 - Procedures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... PROGRAM DEFENSE NUCLEAR AGENCY (DNA) FREEDOM OF INFORMATION ACT PROGRAM § 291.6 Procedures. (a) If HQ, DNA... handcarry the request to PAO. TDNM and AFRRI personnel will forward all FOIA requests to HQ, DNA, Attn: PAO. FCDNA will adhere to paragraph 6d and FCDNA Supplement to DNA Instruction 5400.7C. 2 2 Copies can be...

32 CFR 291.6 - Procedures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... PROGRAM DEFENSE NUCLEAR AGENCY (DNA) FREEDOM OF INFORMATION ACT PROGRAM § 291.6 Procedures. (a) If HQ, DNA... handcarry the request to PAO. TDNM and AFRRI personnel will forward all FOIA requests to HQ, DNA, Attn: PAO. FCDNA will adhere to paragraph 6d and FCDNA Supplement to DNA Instruction 5400.7C. 2 2 Copies can be...

32 CFR 989.22 - Mitigation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... EPF informed of the mitigation status. The EPF reports its status, through the MAJCOM, to HQ USAF/A7CI when requested. Upon request, the EPF must also provide the results of relevant mitigation monitoring... forwarded, through the MAJCOM EPF to HQ USAF/A7CI for review within 90 days from the date of signature of...

32 CFR 291.6 - Procedures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... PROGRAM DEFENSE NUCLEAR AGENCY (DNA) FREEDOM OF INFORMATION ACT PROGRAM § 291.6 Procedures. (a) If HQ, DNA... handcarry the request to PAO. TDNM and AFRRI personnel will forward all FOIA requests to HQ, DNA, Attn: PAO. FCDNA will adhere to paragraph 6d and FCDNA Supplement to DNA Instruction 5400.7C. 2 2 Copies can be...

32 CFR 291.6 - Procedures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... PROGRAM DEFENSE NUCLEAR AGENCY (DNA) FREEDOM OF INFORMATION ACT PROGRAM § 291.6 Procedures. (a) If HQ, DNA... handcarry the request to PAO. TDNM and AFRRI personnel will forward all FOIA requests to HQ, DNA, Attn: PAO. FCDNA will adhere to paragraph 6d and FCDNA Supplement to DNA Instruction 5400.7C. 2 2 Copies can be...

32 CFR 291.6 - Procedures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... PROGRAM DEFENSE NUCLEAR AGENCY (DNA) FREEDOM OF INFORMATION ACT PROGRAM § 291.6 Procedures. (a) If HQ, DNA... handcarry the request to PAO. TDNM and AFRRI personnel will forward all FOIA requests to HQ, DNA, Attn: PAO. FCDNA will adhere to paragraph 6d and FCDNA Supplement to DNA Instruction 5400.7C. 2 2 Copies can be...

76 FR 28662 - Industrial, Commercial, and Institutional Boilers and Process Heaters and Commercial and...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-05-18

... ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY 40 CFR Parts 60 and 63 [EPA-HQ-OAR-2002-0058; EPA-HQ-2003-0119; FRL-9308-6] RIN 2060-AQ25; 2060-AO12 Industrial, Commercial, and Institutional Boilers and Process Heaters and Commercial and Industrial Solid Waste Incineration Units AGENCY: Environmental Protection...

32 CFR Appendix A to Part 989 - Glossary of References, Abbreviations, Acronyms, and Terms

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... Engineering and the Environment AFCEE/TDB AFCEE Technical Directorate, Built Infrastructure Division (AFCEE... Materiel Command HQ USAF Headquarters, United States Air Force HQ USAF/A7C The Air Force Civil Engineer.../AQR Deputy Assistant Secretary of the Air Force (Science, Technology, and Engineering) SAF/GC Air...

77 FR 37912 - Committee Name: Homeland Security Academic Advisory Council

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-06-25

...Engagement@hq.dhs.gov or contact Lindsay Burton at 202-447-4686 as soon as possible. To facilitate public.... Email: AcademicEngagement@hq.dhs.gov . Include the docket number in the subject line of the message. Fax: 202-447-3713. Mail: Academic Engagement; MGMT/Office of Academic Engagement/Mailstop 0440; Department...

77 FR 31356 - Pesticide Products; Receipt of Applications To Register New Uses

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-05-25

... Number: EPA-HQ-OPP-2012- 0241. Company name and address: Bayer CropScience LP, 2 T. W. Alexander Drive.... Registration Number: 264-825. Docket Number: EPA-HQ-OPP-2012- 0325. Company name and address: Bayer CropScience... pesticide manufacturer. Potentially affected entities may include, but are not limited to: Crop production...

Hazardous Waste Cleanup: HQ 10th MTN Division & Fort Drum in Fort Drum, New York

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

HQ 10th MTN Division & Fort Drum facility is located at Jones Street and Off North Memorial Drive, in Fort Drum, in the northern portion of New York State approximately 10 miles northeast of Watertown. Fort Drum is the largest Army installation in the nort

Topical treatment of melasma.

PubMed

Bandyopadhyay, Debabrata

2009-01-01

Melasma is a common hypermelanotic disorder affecting the face that is associated with considerable psychological impacts. The management of melasma is challenging and requires a long-term treatment plan. In addition to avoidance of aggravating factors like oral pills and ultraviolet exposure, topical therapy has remained the mainstay of treatment. Multiple options for topical treatment are available, of which hydroquinone (HQ) is the most commonly prescribed agent. Besides HQ, other topical agents for which varying degrees of evidence for clinical efficacy exist include azelaic acid, kojic acid, retinoids, topical steroids, glycolic acid, mequinol, and arbutin. Topical medications modify various stages of melanogenesis, the most common mode of action being inhibition of the enzyme, tyrosinase. Combination therapy is the preferred mode of treatment for the synergism and reduction of untoward effects. The most popular combination consists of HQ, a topical steroid, and retinoic acid. Prolonged HQ usage may lead to untoward effects like depigmentation and exogenous ochronosis. The search for safer alternatives has given rise to the development of many newer agents, several of them from natural sources. Well-designed controlled clinical trials are needed to clarify their role in the routine management of melasma.

Study of Hydroquinone Mediated Cytotoxicity and Hypopigmentation Effects from UVB-Irradiated Arbutin and DeoxyArbutin

PubMed Central

Chang, Nai-Fang; Chen, Yi-Shyan; Lin, Ying-Ju; Tai, Ting-Hsuan; Chen, An-Ni; Huang, Chen-Hsuan; Lin, Chih-Chien

2017-01-01

Arbutin (Arb) and deoxyArbutin (dA) are both effective hypopigmentation agents. However, they are glucoside derivatives of hydroquinone (HQ), which may be decayed into HQ under higher energy environments. Therefore, safety and toxicity are very important issues when considering the usage of these compounds. However, no study has verified the properties of Ultra-Violet B (UVB)-irradiated Arb and dA. In this work, we investigated the cytotoxicity and hypopigmentation effects of UVB-irradiated Arb and dA in Detroit 551 human fibroblast cells and B16-F10 mouse melanoma cells. The results showed that UVB-irradiated Arb and dA have strong cytotoxicity for the fibroblast cells, especially for dA, the caspase-3 is also activated by the treatment of UVB-irradiated dA in Detroit 551 cells. The results correlated with the produced HQ. In addition, UVB-irradiated Arb and dA suppressed the production of melanin in melanoma cells; this is due to the release of HQ that compensates for the UVB triggered Arb and dA decomposition. PMID:28467382

Study of Hydroquinone Mediated Cytotoxicity and Hypopigmentation Effects from UVB-Irradiated Arbutin and DeoxyArbutin.

PubMed

Chang, Nai-Fang; Chen, Yi-Shyan; Lin, Ying-Ju; Tai, Ting-Hsuan; Chen, An-Ni; Huang, Chen-Hsuan; Lin, Chih-Chien

2017-05-03

Arbutin (Arb) and deoxyArbutin (dA) are both effective hypopigmentation agents. However, they are glucoside derivatives of hydroquinone (HQ), which may be decayed into HQ under higher energy environments. Therefore, safety and toxicity are very important issues when considering the usage of these compounds. However, no study has verified the properties of Ultra-Violet B (UVB)-irradiated Arb and dA. In this work, we investigated the cytotoxicity and hypopigmentation effects of UVB-irradiated Arb and dA in Detroit 551 human fibroblast cells and B16-F10 mouse melanoma cells. The results showed that UVB-irradiated Arb and dA have strong cytotoxicity for the fibroblast cells, especially for dA, the caspase-3 is also activated by the treatment of UVB-irradiated dA in Detroit 551 cells. The results correlated with the produced HQ. In addition, UVB-irradiated Arb and dA suppressed the production of melanin in melanoma cells; this is due to the release of HQ that compensates for the UVB triggered Arb and dA decomposition.

Direct Electrodeposition of Gold Nanoparticles on Glassy Carbon Electrode for Selective Determination Catechol in the Presence of Hydroquinone.

PubMed

Jayakumar, C; Magdalane, C Maria; Kaviyarasu, K; Kulandainathan, M Anbu; Jeyaraj, Boniface; Maaza, M

2018-07-01

A simple and reliable voltammetric sensor for simultaneous determination of Catechol (CT) and Hydroquinone (HQ) was developed by electrodepositing the gold nanoparticles on the surface of the Glassy Carbon Electrode (GCE). The cyclic voltammograms in a mixed solution of CT and HQ have shown that the oxidation peaks become well resolved and were separated by 110 mV, although the bare GCE gave a single broad oxidation peak. Moreover, the oxidation peak currents of both CT and HQ were remarkably increased three times in comparison with the bare GCE. This makes gold nanoparticles deposited GCE a suitable candidate for the determination of these isomers. In the presence of 1 mM HQ isomer, the oxidation peak currents of differential pulse voltammograms are proportional to the concentration of CT in the range of 21 μM to 323 μM with limit of detection 3.0 μM (S/N = 3). The proposed sensor has some important advantages such as low cost, ease of preparation, good stability and high reproducibility.

Enhanced neuronal glucose transporter expression reveals metabolic choice in a HD Drosophila model.

PubMed

Besson, Marie Thérèse; Alegría, Karin; Garrido-Gerter, Pamela; Barros, Luis Felipe; Liévens, Jean-Charles

2015-01-01

Huntington's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder caused by toxic insertions of polyglutamine residues in the Huntingtin protein and characterized by progressive deterioration of cognitive and motor functions. Altered brain glucose metabolism has long been suggested and a possible link has been proposed in HD. However, the precise function of glucose transporters was not yet determined. Here, we report the effects of the specifically-neuronal human glucose transporter expression in neurons of a Drosophila model carrying the exon 1 of the human huntingtin gene with 93 glutamine repeats (HQ93). We demonstrated that overexpression of the human glucose transporter in neurons ameliorated significantly the status of HD flies by increasing their lifespan, reducing their locomotor deficits and rescuing eye neurodegeneration. Then, we investigated whether increasing the major pathways of glucose catabolism, glycolysis and pentose-phosphate pathway (PPP) impacts HD. To mimic increased glycolytic flux, we overexpressed phosphofructokinase (PFK) which catalyzes an irreversible step in glycolysis. Overexpression of PFK did not affect HQ93 fly survival, but protected from photoreceptor loss. Overexpression of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), the key enzyme of the PPP, extended significantly the lifespan of HD flies and rescued eye neurodegeneration. Since G6PD is able to synthesize NADPH involved in cell survival by maintenance of the redox state, we showed that tolerance to experimental oxidative stress was enhanced in flies co-expressing HQ93 and G6PD. Additionally overexpressions of hGluT3, G6PD or PFK were able to circumvent mitochondrial deficits induced by specific silencing of genes necessary for mitochondrial homeostasis. Our study confirms the involvement of bioenergetic deficits in HD course; they can be rescued by specific expression of a glucose transporter in neurons. Finally, the PPP and, to a lesser extent, the glycolysis seem to mediate the hGluT3 protective effects, whereas, in addition, the PPP provides increased protection to oxidative stress.

Does the Q - H index show a stronger relationship than the H:Q ratio in regard to knee pain during daily activities in patients with knee osteoarthritis?

PubMed

Fujita, Remi; Matsui, Yasumoto; Harada, Atsushi; Takemura, Marie; Kondo, Izumi; Nemoto, Tetsuya; Sakai, Tadahiro; Hiraiwa, Hideki; Ota, Susumu

2016-12-01

[Purpose] The purpose of this study was to elucidate the relationship between knee muscle strength and knee pain in activities of daily living, based on consideration of the difference between extension and flexion strength (Q - H) and the hamstring:quadriceps (H:Q) ratio in patients with knee osteoarthritis. [Subjects and Methods] The participants were 78 females with knee osteoarthritis, and a total of 133 knees that had not been treated surgically were the targets of this research. The legs were divided according to dominance. Isometric knee extension and flexion muscle strength and knee pain during activities of daily living were measured. The H:Q ratio (flexion/extension muscle strength) and the difference between extension and flexion strength, (extension muscle strength/weight) minus (flexion muscle strength/weight), that is, Q - H, were calculated. The correlation between these indices and the knee pain score during activities of daily living was investigated. [Results] Greater knee pain during activities of daily living was related to lower knee extension muscle strength and Q - H in both the dominant and nondominant legs. Knee flexion muscle strength and the H:Q ratio were not significantly correlated with knee pain during any activities of daily living. [Conclusion] Knee extension muscle strength and Q - H were found to be significantly correlated with knee pain during activities of daily living, whereas the H:Q ratio was not.

The Cu-MOF-199/single-walled carbon nanotubes modified electrode for simultaneous determination of hydroquinone and catechol with extended linear ranges and lower detection limits.

PubMed

Zhou, Jian; Li, Xi; Yang, Linlin; Yan, Songlin; Wang, Mengmeng; Cheng, Dan; Chen, Qi; Dong, Yulin; Liu, Peng; Cai, Weiquan; Zhang, Chaocan

2015-10-29

A novel electrochemical sensor based on Cu-MOF-199 [Cu-MOF-199 = Cu3(BTC)2 (BTC = 1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylicacid)] and SWCNTs (single-walled carbon nanotubes) was fabricated for the simultaneous determination of hydroquinone (HQ) and catechol (CT). The modification procedure was carried out through casting SWCNTs on the bare glassy carbon electrode (GCE) and followed by the electrodeposition of Cu-MOF-199 on the SWCNTs modified electrode. Cyclic voltammetry (CV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were performed to characterize the electrochemical performance and surface characteristics of the as-prepared sensor. The composite electrode exhibited an excellent electrocatalytic activity with increased electrochemical signals towards the oxidation of HQ and CT, owing to the synergistic effect of SWCNTs and Cu-MOF-199. Under the optimized condition, the linear response range were from 0.1 to 1453 μmol L(-1) (RHQ = 0.9999) for HQ and 0.1-1150 μmol L(-1) (RCT = 0.9990) for CT. The detection limits for HQ and CT were as low as 0.08 and 0.1 μmol L(-1), respectively. Moreover, the modified electrode presented the good reproducibility and the excellent anti-interference performance. The analytical performance of the developed sensor for the simultaneous detection of HQ and CT had been evaluated in practical samples with satisfying results. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

miR-7-5p overexpression suppresses cell proliferation and promotes apoptosis through inhibiting the ability of DNA damage repair of PARP-1 and BRCA1 in TK6 cells exposed to hydroquinone.

PubMed

Luo, Hao; Liang, Hairong; Chen, Yuting; Chen, Shaoyun; Xu, Yongchun; Xu, Longmei; Liu, Jiaxian; Zhou, Kairu; Peng, Jucheng; Guo, Guoqiang; Lai, Bei; Song, Li; Yang, Hui; Liu, Linhua; Peng, Jianming; Liu, Zhidong; Tang, Lin; Chen, Wen; Tang, Huanwen

2018-03-01

Hydroquinone (HQ), one of the major metabolic products of benzene, is a carcinogen, which induces apoptosis and inhibit proliferation in lymphoma cells. microRNA-7-5p (miR-7-5p), a tumor suppressor, participates in various biological processes including cell proliferation and apoptosis regulation by repressing expression of specific oncogenic target genes. To explore whether miR-7-5p is involved in HQ-induced cell proliferation and apoptosis, we assessed the effect of miR-7-5p overexpression on induction of apoptosis analyzed by FACSCalibur flow cytometer in transfection of TK6 cells with miR-7-5p mimic (TK6- miR-7-5p). We observed an increased apoptosis by 25.43% and decreased proliferation by 28.30% in TK6-miR-7-5p cells compared to those negative control cells (TK6-shNC) in response to HQ treatment. Furthermore, HQ might active the apoptotic pathway via partly downregulation the expression of BRCA1 and PARP-1, followed by p53 activation, in TK6-miR-7-5p cells. In contrast, attenuated p53 and BRCA1 expression was observed in shPARP-1 cells than in NC cells after HQ treatment. Therefore, we conclude that HQ may activate apoptotic signals via inhibiting the tumor suppressive effects of miR-7-5p, which may be mediated partly by upregulating the expression of PARP-1 and BRCA1 in control cells. The increase of miR-7-5p expression further intensified downregulation of PARP-1 and BRCA1 in TK6-miR-7-5p cells, resulting in an increase of apoptosis and proliferation inhibited. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

A Pragmatic Approach to Assess the Exposure of the Honey Bee (Apis mellifera) When Subjected to Pesticide Spray

PubMed Central

Poquet, Yannick; Bodin, Laurent; Tchamitchian, Marc; Fusellier, Marion; Giroud, Barbara; Lafay, Florent; Buleté, Audrey; Tchamitchian, Sylvie; Cousin, Marianne; Pélissier, Michel; Brunet, Jean-Luc; Belzunces, Luc P.

2014-01-01

Plant protection spray treatments may expose non-target organisms to pesticides. In the pesticide registration procedure, the honey bee represents one of the non-target model species for which the risk posed by pesticides must be assessed on the basis of the hazard quotient (HQ). The HQ is defined as the ratio between environmental exposure and toxicity. For the honey bee, the HQ calculation is not consistent because it corresponds to the ratio between the pesticide field rate (in mass of pesticide/ha) and LD50 (in mass of pesticide/bee). Thus, in contrast to all other species, the HQ can only be interpreted empirically because it corresponds to a number of bees/ha. This type of HQ calculation is due to the difficulty in transforming pesticide field rates into doses to which bees are exposed. In this study, we used a pragmatic approach to determine the apparent exposure surface area of honey bees submitted to pesticide treatments by spraying with a Potter-type tower. The doses received by the bees were quantified by very efficient chemical analyses, which enabled us to determine an apparent surface area of 1.05 cm2/bee. The apparent surface area was used to calculate the exposure levels of bees submitted to pesticide sprays and then to revisit the HQ ratios with a calculation mode similar to that used for all other living species. X-tomography was used to assess the physical surface area of a bee, which was 3.27 cm2/bee, and showed that the apparent exposure surface was not overestimated. The control experiments showed that the toxicity induced by doses calculated with the exposure surface area was similar to that induced by treatments according to the European testing procedure. This new approach to measure risk is more accurate and could become a tool to aid the decision-making process in the risk assessment of pesticides. PMID:25412103

Rb silencing mediated by the down-regulation of MeCP2 is involved in cell transformation induced by long-term exposure to hydroquinone.

PubMed

Liu, Linhua; Ling, Xiaoxuan; Wu, Minhua; Chen, Jialong; Chen, Shaoqiao; Tan, Qiang; Chen, Jiansong; Liu, Jiaxian; Zou, Fei

2017-02-01

Hydroquinone (HQ), a metabolite of benzene, is a well-known human carcinogen; however, its molecular mechanisms of action remain unclear. MeCP2 has been traditionally described as a transcriptional repressor, though growing evidence indicates that it also activates gene expression. Here, we investigated whether some epigenetic machinery genes are aberrantly expressed as target tumor suppressor genes in HQ-transformed TK6 lymphoblastoid cells. Our results showed that treatment with 5-Aza-2'-deoxycytidine or trichostatin A enhanced the expression of Rb, resulting in cell arrest in G1-phase, and subsequently, an increase in apoptosis and a decrease in cell growth. Moreover, we hypothesised that Rb was silenced by the down-regulation of MeCP2 in HQ-transformed cells, resulting in the dynamic expression of Rb and epigenetic machinery proteins in HQ-transformed cells at different time points. The expression of Rb and MeCP2 in patients with B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (B-NHL) showed that positive staining for MeCP2 or Rb was significantly lower in B-NHL tumor tissues, and these changes were significantly and negatively correlated with the grade of B-NHL. The restoration of MeCP2 in HQ-transformed cells enhanced the expression of Rb, promoted cell apoptosis, and inhibited cell growth. The changes in the expression patterns of MeCP2 and Rb were inversely correlated with the degree of DNA methylation. A ChiP assay revealed that MeCP2 proteins were recruited to the Rb promoter with lower 5'-methylcytosine levels. In conclusion, we demonstrated that the down-regulation of MeCP2 silences Rb, a process involved in cell transformation resulting from long-term exposure to HQ. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Linearly resummed hydrodynamics in a weakly curved spacetime

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bu, Yanyan; Lublinsky, Michael

2015-04-01

We extend our study of all-order linearly resummed hydrodynamics in a flat space [1, 2] to fluids in weakly curved spaces. The underlying microscopic theory is a finite temperature super-Yang-Mills theory at strong coupling. The AdS/CFT correspondence relates black brane solutions of the Einstein gravity in asymptotically locally AdS5 geometry to relativistic conformal fluids in a weakly curved 4D background. To linear order in the amplitude of hydrodynamic variables and metric perturbations, the fluid's energy-momentum tensor is computed with derivatives of both the fluid velocity and background metric resummed to all orders. We extensively discuss the meaning of all order hydrodynamics by expressing it in terms of the memory function formalism, which is also suitable for practical simulations. In addition to two viscosity functions discussed at length in refs. [1, 2], we find four curvature induced structures coupled to the fluid via new transport coefficient functions. In ref. [3], the latter were referred to as gravitational susceptibilities of the fluid. We analytically compute these coefficients in the hydrodynamic limit, and then numerically up to large values of momenta.

Combined analysis of the radar cross-section modulation due to the long ocean waves around 14° and 34° incidence: Implication for the hydrodynamic modulation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hauser, DanièLe; Caudal, GéRard

1996-11-01

The analysis of synthetic aperture radar observations over the ocean to derive the directional spectra of the waves is based upon a complex transfer function which is the sum of three terms: tilt modulation, hydrodynamic modulation, and velocity bunching effect. Both the hydrodynamic and the velocity bunching terms are still poorly known. Here we focus on the hydrodynamic part of the transfer function, from an experimental point of view. In this paper a new method is proposed to estimate the hydrodynamic modulation. The approach consists in analyzing observations obtained with an airborne real-aperture radar (called RESSAC). This radar (C band, HH polarized, broad beam of 14° × 3°) was used during the SEMAPHORE experiment, in two different modes. From the first mode (incidence angles from 7° to 21°) the directional spectra of the long waves are deduced under the assumption that the hydrodynamic modulation can be neglected (small incidence angles) and validated against in situ measurements. From the second mode (incidence angle from 27° to 41°) the amplitude and phase of the hydrodynamic modulation are deduced by combining the measured signal modulation spectrum at a mean incidence angle of 34° and the directional wave spectrum obtained from the first mode. The results, obtained in four different wind-wave cases of the SEMAPHORE experiment, show that the modulus of the hydrodynamic modulation is larger than that of the tilt modulation. Furthermore, we find that the modulus of the hydrodynamic transfer function is several times larger (by a factor 2-12) than the theoretical value proposed in previous works and 1.5-2.5 larger than experimental values reported in recent papers. The phase of the hydrodynamic modulation is found to be close to zero for waves propagating at an angle from the wind direction and between -20° and -40° for waves propagating along the wind direction. This indicates a significant influence of the wind-wave angle on the phase of the hydrodynamic modulation, in agreement with experimental results reported in recent papers.

The Modeling and Control of Acoustic/Structure Interaction Problems via Piezoceramic Actuators: 2-D Numerical Examples

DTIC Science & Technology

1992-04-01

the voltage applied to the it" patch, K ’ is a parameter which depends on the geometry and piezoceramic...in the state space II L 2(fQ) x L2 (F0 ). Here L2(Q) is the quotient space of L2 over the constant functions. The use of the quotient space results...form of the problem, we also define the Hilbert space V = fti(Q) x H(F 0 ) where h!(Q) is the quotient space of Il’ over the constant functions

32 CFR 903.6 - Reassignment of Air Force members to become cadet candidates at the preparatory school.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... members at technical training schools remain there in casual status until the earliest reporting date for the HQ USAFA/PL. Students must not leave their training school without coordinating with HQ USAFA/RR. ... (Continued) DEPARTMENT OF THE AIR FORCE MILITARY TRAINING AND SCHOOLS AIR FORCE ACADEMY PREPARATORY SCHOOL...

76 FR 36042 - EPA Responses to State and Tribal 2008 Lead Designation Recommendations: Notice of Availability...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-06-21

... newly deployed monitors can be considered in making appropriate designation decisions. States previously... submitting comments. E-mail: [email protected] . Attention Docket ID No. EPA-HQ-OAR-2009-0443. Fax: 202-566-9744. Attention Docket ID No. EPA-HQ-OAR- 2009-0443. Mail: Air Docket, Attention Docket ID No. EPA...

SERC 2014 2018 Technical Plan: 2016 Update

DTIC Science & Technology

2016-02-18

Contract Number: HQ0034-13-D-0004 February 18, 2016 SERC 2014-2018 Technical Plan Update SERC 2014-2018 Technical Plan: 2016 Update...UNCLASSIFIED / APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE Contract Number: HQ0034-13-D-0004 February 18, 2016 SERC 2014-2018 Technical Plan Update ii...18, 2016 SERC 2014-2018 Technical Plan Update iii TABLE OF CONTENTS Table of Contents

77 FR 72846 - H.Q. Energy Services (U.S.) Inc. v. ISO New England Inc.; Notice of Complaint

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-12-06

... DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY Federal Energy Regulatory Commission [Docket No. EL13-25-000] H.Q. Energy Services (U.S.) Inc. v. ISO New England Inc.; Notice of Complaint Take notice that on November 28, 2012... ISO New England Inc. (Respondent), requesting the Commission to issue an order requiring the...

75 FR 33610 - Application To Export Electric Energy; H.Q. Energy Services (U.S.) Inc.

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-06-14

... DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY [OE Docket No. EA-182-C] Application To Export Electric Energy; H.Q. Energy... electric energy from the United States to Canada pursuant to section 202(e) of the Federal Power Act (FPA... transmit electric energy from the United States to Canada as a power marketer using existing international...

26 CFR 20.2056A-2 - Requirements for qualified domestic trust.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... United States, Estate Tax Group, Assistant Commissioner (International), 950 L'Enfant Plaza, CP:IN:D:C:EX..., Assistant Commissioner (International), 950 L'Enfant Plaza, CP:IN:D:C:EX:HQ:1114, Washington, DC 20024..., CP:IN:D:C:EX:HQ:1114, Washington, DC 20024). The Internal Revenue Service will not draw on the letter...

26 CFR 20.2056A-2 - Requirements for qualified domestic trust.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... United States, Estate Tax Group, Assistant Commissioner (International), 950 L'Enfant Plaza, CP:IN:D:C:EX..., Assistant Commissioner (International), 950 L'Enfant Plaza, CP:IN:D:C:EX:HQ:1114, Washington, DC 20024..., CP:IN:D:C:EX:HQ:1114, Washington, DC 20024). The Internal Revenue Service will not draw on the letter...

26 CFR 20.2056A-2 - Requirements for qualified domestic trust.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... United States, Estate Tax Group, Assistant Commissioner (International), 950 L'Enfant Plaza, CP:IN:D:C:EX..., Assistant Commissioner (International), 950 L'Enfant Plaza, CP:IN:D:C:EX:HQ:1114, Washington, DC 20024..., CP:IN:D:C:EX:HQ:1114, Washington, DC 20024). The Internal Revenue Service will not draw on the letter...

26 CFR 20.2056A-2 - Requirements for qualified domestic trust.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... United States, Estate Tax Group, Assistant Commissioner (International), 950 L'Enfant Plaza, CP:IN:D:C:EX..., Assistant Commissioner (International), 950 L'Enfant Plaza, CP:IN:D:C:EX:HQ:1114, Washington, DC 20024..., CP:IN:D:C:EX:HQ:1114, Washington, DC 20024). The Internal Revenue Service will not draw on the letter...

26 CFR 20.2056A-2 - Requirements for qualified domestic trust.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... United States, Estate Tax Group, Assistant Commissioner (International), 950 L'Enfant Plaza, CP:IN:D:C:EX..., Assistant Commissioner (International), 950 L'Enfant Plaza, CP:IN:D:C:EX:HQ:1114, Washington, DC 20024..., CP:IN:D:C:EX:HQ:1114, Washington, DC 20024). The Internal Revenue Service will not draw on the letter...

76 FR 41747 - Protection of Stratospheric Ozone: Extension of Global Laboratory and Analytical Use Exemption...

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2011-07-15

...: 202-566-1741. Mail: Docket EPA-HQ-OAR-2010-0672, Air and Radiation Docket and Information Center, U.S... Delivery: Docket EPA-HQ-OAR-2010-0672, Air and Radiation Docket at EPA West, 1301 Constitution Avenue, NW... spectroscopic measurements: (i) of hydrocarbons (oil and grease) in water or soil (ii) of simethicone...

76 FR 21692 - National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants: Primary Lead Smelting

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-04-18

[email protected] . Attention Docket ID Number EPA-HQ-OAR-2004-0305. Fax: (202) 566-9744. Attention Docket... (6102T), EPA West (Air Docket), Attention Docket ID Number EPA- HQ-OAR-2004-0305, U.S. Environmental... Agency, EPA West (Air Docket), Room 3334, 1301 Constitution Avenue, NW., Washington, DC 20004, Attention...

The influence of synthesis conditions on the stability of tris(8-hydroxyquinoline) aluminum organometallic luminophore

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Akkuzina, A. A.; Khomyakov, A. V.; Avetisov, R. I.; Avetissov, I. Ch.

2017-04-01

Single-phase crystalline luminophore tris(8-hydroxyquinoline) aluminum (Alq3) has been synthesized at T = 483 K and a partial pressure of 8-hydroxyquinoline vapor from 0.15 to 6.12 Torr. The influence of P 8-Hq on the luminescent characteristics of crystalline Alq3 samples has been studied. It has been found that an increase in P 8-Hq led to a shift of the photoluminescence-band maximum and to a change in the photoluminescence-decay kinetics. It has been shown that Alq3 synthesized at T = 483 K and P 8-Hq = 6.12 Torr had the most stable spectral-luminescent characteristics. The results obtained are discussed taking into account defect formation in crystalline Alq3.

76 FR 38150 - Agency Information Collection Activities; Submission to OMB for Review and Approval; Comment...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-06-29

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75 FR 12232 - Board of Scientific Counselors, Executive Committee Meeting-April 2010

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2010-03-15

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76 FR 14812 - Additional Air Quality Designations for the 2006 24-Hour Fine Particle National Ambient Air...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-03-18

... ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY 40 CFR Part 81 [EPA-HQ-OAR-2007-0562; EPA-HQ-OAR-2010-0163; FRL-9261-3] RIN-2060-AQ30 Additional Air Quality Designations for the 2006 24-Hour Fine Particle National... Particles National Ambient Air Quality Standards Correction In rule document 2011-2269 appearing on pages...

Lieutenant General Patton’s Seventh Army in Sicily 1943: The Maturation of an American Operational Artist

DTIC Science & Technology

2014-05-22

locations included Force 141 at Algiers, Western TF HQ (U.S.) at Rabat, Morocco, Eastern TF HQ (British) at Cairo, Egypt , as well as the HQs for the 45th...and Staff College, 1947. Patton, George S. War As I Knew It. 1947. Reprint, New York: Pyramid , 1966. Province, Charles M., ed. Military Essays

75 FR 80808 - Proposed Consent Decree, Clean Air Act Citizen Suit

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-12-23

... number EPA-HQ- OGC-2010-1060, online at http://www.regulations.gov (EPA's preferred method); by e-mail to... Center, EPA West, Room 3334, 1301 Constitution Ave., NW., Washington, DC, between 8:30 a.m. and 4:30 p.m... No. EPA-HQ-OGC-2010-1060) contains a copy of the proposed consent decree. The official public docket...

32 CFR 842.121 - Referring a claim to the US Attorney.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 32 National Defense 6 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Referring a claim to the US Attorney. 842.121... to the US Attorney. Only HQ USAF/JACC authorizes referral of a claim to the US Attorney. The base SJA...-case basis, HQ USAF/JACC will authorize referral of a case to the US Attorney by telephone. ...

TOPICAL TREATMENT OF MELASMA

PubMed Central

Bandyopadhyay, Debabrata

2009-01-01

Melasma is a common hypermelanotic disorder affecting the face that is associated with considerable psychological impacts. The management of melasma is challenging and requires a long-term treatment plan. In addition to avoidance of aggravating factors like oral pills and ultraviolet exposure, topical therapy has remained the mainstay of treatment. Multiple options for topical treatment are available, of which hydroquinone (HQ) is the most commonly prescribed agent. Besides HQ, other topical agents for which varying degrees of evidence for clinical efficacy exist include azelaic acid, kojic acid, retinoids, topical steroids, glycolic acid, mequinol, and arbutin. Topical medications modify various stages of melanogenesis, the most common mode of action being inhibition of the enzyme, tyrosinase. Combination therapy is the preferred mode of treatment for the synergism and reduction of untoward effects. The most popular combination consists of HQ, a topical steroid, and retinoic acid. Prolonged HQ usage may lead to untoward effects like depigmentation and exogenous ochronosis. The search for safer alternatives has given rise to the development of many newer agents, several of them from natural sources. Well-designed controlled clinical trials are needed to clarify their role in the routine management of melasma. PMID:20101327

Operation REDWING 1956

DTIC Science & Technology

1982-08-01

AIRCRAFT UNIT Hq TAU 2 0 1 0 Eniwetok Is. 20 Mar Hq USAF Elm 0 4 0 0 Eniwetok Is. 30 Apr Hq USAF Elm 4 3 2 0 Parry Is. 30 Apr 4g Drop & Cann Elm 15 41 0...0 Eniwrv k Is. 1 5-36 16 Mar i 4 2 5-52 mqý Effects Elm 14 7 8 53 Eniwecck Is. 1 B-52 21 Mar 1 B-47 I B-57 1 B-66 2 F-84F 1 F-101 IBDA Elm 11 35 0 0...Eniwetok Is. 3 B-47 30 Apr Ionosphere Elm 6 12 0 0 Eniwetok Is. 1 C-97 30 Apr * "Navy Effects Elm 8 31 13 0 I A3D "I P2V Early Pe.ietr Elm 16 40 0 0

Relativistic corrections to heavy quark fragmentation to S-wave heavy mesons

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sang, Wen-Long; Yang, Lan-Fei; Chen, Yu-Qi

2009-07-01

The relativistic corrections of order v2 to the fragmentation functions for the heavy quark to S-wave heavy quarkonia are calculated in the framework of the nonrelativistic quantum chromodynamics factorization formula. We derive the fragmentation functions by using the Collins-Soper definition in both the Feynman gauge and the axial gauge. We also extract them through the process Z0→Hq qmacr in the limit MZ/m→∞. We find that all results obtained by these two different methods and in different gauges are the same. We estimate the relative size of the relativistic corrections to the fragmentation functions.

Consideration of USAF (United States Air Force) Logistics Doctrine Principles in a Decision Making Framework.

DTIC Science & Technology

1987-09-01

Henry Fayu.l: planning, organizing, commanding, coordinating, and controlling (Donnelly, Gibson, and Ivancevich , 1984:88). In 2 their text, Donnelly (et...al) describe the management function as "planning, organizing, and controlling (Donnelly, Gibson, and Ivancevich , 1984:5)." 3. Logistics Management...Air Force Weapon Systems. Washington DC: HQ USAF, 1 February 1985. Donnelly, James H., James L. Gibson, John M. Ivancevich , Fundamentals of Management

Technical Order Managers Handbook: Utilization Assessment.

DTIC Science & Technology

1984-10-01

FOOTNOTE KEY ’HQ USAF/LEYE, ASD/AEGL, ASD/RWNL, ASD/TAMC, ASD/YWLL. ASD/YYL, SA-ALC/MMEDTA * 2ASD /YYL 3. HQ AFLC/MMEMB, AFITILSY, ASD/AESL, ASD/AFC, ASD...ASD/AWL, ASD/TAFC 2’SA-ALC/MMEDTA 2ASD /AFYC, ASD/TAAXL * 2-ASD/TAFC 12 . . . ’ 2bASD/TAFC 2 7 ASD/AFYC, ASI)/TAFC 2BASDfl’AAXL, ASDITAFC, SM-ALC

77 FR 24271 - Federal Plan Requirements for Hospital/Medical/Infectious Waste Incinerators Constructed on or...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-04-23

... a-and-r[email protected] , Attention Docket ID No. EPA-HQ-OAR-2011-0405. Facsimile: Fax your comments... electronic mail to a-and-r[email protected] , Attention Docket ID No. EPA-HQ-OAR-2006-0534. Facsimile: Fax your....regulations.gov Web site is an ``anonymous access'' system, which means the EPA will not know your identity or...

United States Air Force F-35A Operational Basing Environmental Impact Statement. Appendix E: Comments

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-09-01

Germanos, Nicholas M Civ USAF HQ ACC/A7NS From: Sent: To: Subject: Dear Mr. Germanos, Ginger Hobbs Monday, July 15, 2013 9:45PM Germanos...considerat ion of all t he facts. Thank you, Ginger Hobbs 1 E-757 Germanos, Nicholas M Civ USAF HQ ACC/A7NS From: Sent: To: Subject: Kara Schwartz

Barley as a green factory for the production of functional Flt3 ligand.

PubMed

Erlendsson, Lýdur S; Muench, Marcus O; Hellman, Ulf; Hrafnkelsdóttir, Soffía M; Jonsson, Anders; Balmer, Yves; Mäntylä, Einar; Orvar, Björn L

2010-02-01

Biologically active recombinant human Flt3 ligand was expressed and isolated from transgenic barley seeds. Its expression is controlled by a tissue specific promoter that confines accumulation of the recombinant protein to the endosperm tissue of the seed. The recombinant Flt3 ligand variant expressed in the seeds contains an HQ-tag for affinity purification on immobilized metal ion affinity chromatography (IMAC) resin. The tagged protein was purified from seed extracts to near homogeneity using sequential chromatography on IMAC affinity resin and cation exchange resin. We also show that the recombinant Flt3 ligand protein undergoes posttranslational modifications: it is a glycoprotein containing alpha-1,3-fucose and alpha-1,2-xylose. The HQ-tagged Flt3 ligand variant exhibits comparable biological activity to commercial Flt3 ligand. This is the first report showing expression and accumulation of recombinant human growth factor in barley seeds with a yield of active protein similar to a bacterial expression system. The present results demonstrate that plant molecular farming is a viable approach for the bioproduction of human-derived growth factors.

Application of a Newly Developed High-Sensitivity HBsAg Chemiluminescent Enzyme Immunoassay for Hepatitis B Patients with HBsAg Seroclearance

PubMed Central

Shinkai, Noboru; Matsuura, Kentaro; Sugauchi, Fuminaka; Watanabe, Tsunamasa; Murakami, Shuko; Iio, Etsuko; Ogawa, Shintaro; Nojiri, Shunsuke; Joh, Takashi

2013-01-01

We modified and automated a highly sensitive chemiluminescent enzyme immunoassay (CLEIA) for surface antigen (HBsAg) detection using a combination of monoclonal antibodies, each for a specific epitope of HBsAg, and by improving an earlier conjugation technique. Of 471 hepatitis B virus (HBV) carriers seen in our hospital between 2009 and 2012, 26 were HBsAg seronegative as determined by the Abbott Architect assay. The Lumipulse HBsAg-HQ assay was used to recheck those 26 patients who demonstrated seroclearance by the Abbott Architect assay. The performance of the Lumipulse HBsAg-HQ assay was compared with that of a quantitative HBsAg detection system (Abbott Architect) and the Roche Cobas TaqMan HBV DNA assay (CTM) (lower limit of detection, 2.1 log copies/ml) using blood serum samples from patients who were determined to be HBsAg seronegative by the Abbott Architect assay. Ten patients had spontaneous HBsAg loss. Of 8 patients treated with nucleotide analogues (NAs), two were HBsAg seronegative after stopping lamivudine therapy and 6 were HBsAg seronegative during entecavir therapy. Eight acute hepatitis B (AH) patients became HBsAg seronegative. Of the 26 patients, 16 were HBsAg positive by the Lumipulse HBsAg-HQ assay but negative by the Abbott Architect assay. The differences between the two assays in terms of detectable HBsAg persisted over the long term in the spontaneous loss group (median, 10 months), the NA-treated group (2.5 months), and the AH group (0.5 months). In 9 patients, the Lumipulse HBsAg-HQ assay detected HBsAg when HBV DNA was negative by the CTM assay. HBsAg was also detected by the Lumipulse HBsAg-HQ assay in 4 patients with an anti-HBs concentration of >10 mIU/ml, 3 of whom had no HBsAg escape mutations. The automatic, highly sensitive HBsAg CLEIA Lumipulse HBsAg-HQ is a convenient and precise assay for HBV monitoring. PMID:23946517

Application of a newly developed high-sensitivity HBsAg chemiluminescent enzyme immunoassay for hepatitis B patients with HBsAg seroclearance.

PubMed

Shinkai, Noboru; Matsuura, Kentaro; Sugauchi, Fuminaka; Watanabe, Tsunamasa; Murakami, Shuko; Iio, Etsuko; Ogawa, Shintaro; Nojiri, Shunsuke; Joh, Takashi; Tanaka, Yasuhito

2013-11-01

We modified and automated a highly sensitive chemiluminescent enzyme immunoassay (CLEIA) for surface antigen (HBsAg) detection using a combination of monoclonal antibodies, each for a specific epitope of HBsAg, and by improving an earlier conjugation technique. Of 471 hepatitis B virus (HBV) carriers seen in our hospital between 2009 and 2012, 26 were HBsAg seronegative as determined by the Abbott Architect assay. The Lumipulse HBsAg-HQ assay was used to recheck those 26 patients who demonstrated seroclearance by the Abbott Architect assay. The performance of the Lumipulse HBsAg-HQ assay was compared with that of a quantitative HBsAg detection system (Abbott Architect) and the Roche Cobas TaqMan HBV DNA assay (CTM) (lower limit of detection, 2.1 log copies/ml) using blood serum samples from patients who were determined to be HBsAg seronegative by the Abbott Architect assay. Ten patients had spontaneous HBsAg loss. Of 8 patients treated with nucleotide analogues (NAs), two were HBsAg seronegative after stopping lamivudine therapy and 6 were HBsAg seronegative during entecavir therapy. Eight acute hepatitis B (AH) patients became HBsAg seronegative. Of the 26 patients, 16 were HBsAg positive by the Lumipulse HBsAg-HQ assay but negative by the Abbott Architect assay. The differences between the two assays in terms of detectable HBsAg persisted over the long term in the spontaneous loss group (median, 10 months), the NA-treated group (2.5 months), and the AH group (0.5 months). In 9 patients, the Lumipulse HBsAg-HQ assay detected HBsAg when HBV DNA was negative by the CTM assay. HBsAg was also detected by the Lumipulse HBsAg-HQ assay in 4 patients with an anti-HBs concentration of >10 mIU/ml, 3 of whom had no HBsAg escape mutations. The automatic, highly sensitive HBsAg CLEIA Lumipulse HBsAg-HQ is a convenient and precise assay for HBV monitoring.

Mechanism of synergistic DNA damage induced by the hydroquinone metabolite of brominated phenolic environmental pollutants and Cu(II): Formation of DNA-Cu complex and site-specific production of hydroxyl radicals.

PubMed

Shao, Bo; Mao, Li; Qu, Na; Wang, Ya-Fen; Gao, Hui-Ying; Li, Feng; Qin, Li; Shao, Jie; Huang, Chun-Hua; Xu, Dan; Xie, Lin-Na; Shen, Chen; Zhou, Xiang; Zhu, Ben-Zhan

2017-03-01

2,6-Dibromohydroquinone (2,6-DBrHQ) has been identified as an reactive metabolite of many brominated phenolic environmental pollutants such as tetrabromobisphenol-A (TBBPA), bromoxynil and 2,4,6-tribromophenol, and was also found as one of disinfection byproducts in drinking water. In this study, we found that the combination of 2,6-DBrHQ and Cu(II) together could induce synergistic DNA damage as measured by double strand breakage in plasmid DNA and 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-oxodG) formation, while either of them alone has no effect. 2,6-DBrHQ/Cu(II)-induced DNA damage could be inhibited by the Cu(I)-specific chelating agent bathocuproine disulfonate and catalase, but not by superoxide dismutase, nor by the typical hydroxyl radical (•OH) scavengers such as DMSO and mannitol. Interestingly, we found that Cu(II)/Cu(I) could be combined with DNA to form DNA-Cu(II)/Cu(I) complex by complementary application of low temperature direct ESR, circular dichroism, cyclic voltammetry and oxygen consumption methods; and the highly reactive •OH were produced synergistically by DNA-bound-Cu(I) with H 2 O 2 produced by the redox reactions between 2,6-DBrHQ and Cu(II), which then immediately attack DNA in a site-specific manner as demonstrated by both fluorescent method and by ESR spin-trapping studies. Further DNA sequencing investigations provided more direct evidence that 2,6-DBrHQ/Cu(II) caused preferential cleavage at guanine, thymine and cytosine residues. Based on these data, we proposed that the synergistic DNA damage induced by 2,6-DBrHQ/Cu(II) might be due to the synergistic and site-specific production of •OH near the binding site of copper and DNA. Our findings may have broad biological and environmental implications for future research on the carcinogenic polyhalogenated phenolic compounds. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

A private school leadership perspective on highly qualified middle school science teachers

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bogaski, Carolyn Siniscalchi

The purpose of this study was to determine how Florida (FL) private, middle school (MS) leaders define highly qualified (HQ) MS science teachers, and how congruent their definitions are. The study also determines how congruent these leaders' definitions are with FL, national, and National Science Teachers Association (NSTA) definitions. Lastly, the study determines the major challenges these private MS leaders have in hiring MS science teachers who meet the NSTA definition of HQ. A convergent mixed methods survey design (Creswell, 2014) was used, in which qualitative and quantitative data were collected in parallel, analyzed separately, and then merged. Participants in the survey consisted of 119 leaders. A congruency rubric separated responses by religious affiliation and socioeconomic status (SES) level and matched responses with the percentage of congruency with the existing FL, national, and NSTA definitions of HQ. Descriptive statistics, paired samples t-test, and chi-squared test were used to analyze the quantitative and qualitative data. Qualitative data were coded into preliminary and final codes. Final codes were converted into magnitude codes, which allowed the researcher to analyze further the qualitative data statistically. Survey responses received were definitely congruent, except in ranking the importance of a candidate having an out-of-field degree with state certification, and in ranking the importance of a candidate being fully qualified to teach science in their state with a strong knowledge of science content. Segregating the survey responses into registered religious affiliations and SES levels found that the definition of a HQ MS science teacher was mostly congruent among all demographics, with only a couple of exceptions. The study found that these private school leaders' common definition of a HQ MS science teacher is one with adequate science content knowledge, pedagogy including engagement in laboratory activities, ability to relate to their MS students, and consistent professional growth. A seventh dimension of passion for science was recommended to be added to the NSTA position statement for teaching middle level science, as well as recommendations regarding policy, university based teacher preparation programs, private MS leaders, and future research in this untapped area of leadership and private HQ MS science teachers.

Infrared Spectrum and UV-Induced Photochemistry of Matrix-Isolated 5-Hydroxyquinoline.

PubMed

Kuş, Nihal; Sagdinc, Seda; Fausto, Rui

2015-06-18

The structure, infrared spectrum, and photochemistry of 5-hydroxyquinoline (5HQ) were studied by matrix isolation infrared spectroscopy, complemented by theoretical calculations performed at the DFT(B3LYP)/6-311++G(d,p) level of approximation. According to the calculations, the trans conformer of 5HQ (with the OH group pointing to the opposite direction of the pyridine ring of the molecule) is more stable than the cis form (by ∼8.8 kJ mol(-1)). The main factors determining the relative stability of the two conformers were rationalized through natural bond orbital (NBO) and charge density analyses. The compound was trapped in solid nitrogen at 10 K, and its infrared spectra registered and interpreted, showing the sole presence in the matrix of the more stable trans conformer. Broadband in situ UV irradiations (λ ≥ 288 nm and λ ≥ 235 nm) allowed for the observation of different chemical transformations, which started by excitation to the S1 state of 5HQ, followed by homolytic cleavage of the O-H bond, and subsequent reattachment of the H atom to the 5HQ radical to form quinolin-5(6H)-one and quinolin-5(8H)-one. The first of these two quinolinones was found to convert to open-ring isomeric ketenes, especially when irradiation was performed at higher energy, whereas the second is rather stable under the used experimental conditions. As a whole, the observed photochemistry of matrix-isolated 5HQ closely matches those previously reported for phenol and thiophenol. A detailed mechanistic interpretation for the observed photochemical processes is here proposed, which received support from time-dependent DFT calculations.

A force plate measurement system to assess hindlimb weight support of spinal cord injured rats.

PubMed

Chang, Ming-Wen; Chang, Ching-Ping; Wei, Ying-Chieh; Hou, Shang-You; Young, Ming-Shing; Lin, Mao-Tsun

2010-05-30

This paper describes a force plate system for quantitative measurement of the hindlimb weight support of rats. The system is built around a microcontroller and uses strain gauges to measure individually the weight applied by each limb and also the general hindquarters of the rat. The sum of weights on the individual force plates adds up to the total weight of the rat. Mathematical comparison of the weights of the different force plates allows calculation of the weight percentage of the hindquarters (W%HQ=(hindquarters weight/total weight)x100%). When hindlimb impairment is high, the W%HQ is high and vise versa, allowing hindlimb weight support to be evaluated by the W%HQ. An actual laboratory embodiment is demonstrated and real experiments are performed on spinal cord damaged rats. W%HQ results are compared with Basso, Beattie, Bresnahan (BBB) locomotor behavioural test results on the same rats at approximately the same time. When a rat is placed in the correct position of the test chamber, the user can use a local keypad/LCD display (standalone mode) or the PC keyboard/display to control the system and access the current data. Comparing our results with those of the BBB method confirms the proposed hardware and W%HQ metric represent very well the recovery of a rat after spinal cord injury. Medical investigators report that under actual use, the presented system is stable, accurate and easy to use. Additional advantages of the presented force plate system include stand-alone capability, non-dependence on subjective human judgement and quantitative results. (c) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Measurements and analysis of dynamic effects in the LARP model quadrupole HQ02b during rapid discharge

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Sorbi, Massimo; Ambrosio, Giorgio; Bajas, Hugo

This paper presents the analysis of some quench tests addressed to study the dynamic effects in the 1-m-long 120-mm-aperture Nb 3Sn quadrupole magnet, i.e., HQ02b, designed, fabricated, and tested by the LHC Accelerator Research Program. The magnet has a short sample gradient of 205 T/m at 1.9 K and a peak field of 14.2 T. The test campaign has been performed at CERN in April 2014. In the specific tests, which were dedicated to the measurements of the dynamic inductance of the magnet during the rapid current discharge for a quench, the protection heaters were activated only in some windings,more » in order to obtain the measure of the resistive and inductive voltages separately. The analysis of the results confirms a very low value of the dynamic inductance at the beginning of the discharge, which later approaches the nominal value. Indications of dynamic inductance variation were already found from the analysis of current decay during quenches in the previous magnets HQ02a and HQ02a2; however, with this dedicated test of HQ02b, a quantitative measurement and assessment has been possible. An analytical model using interfilament coupling current influence for the inductance lowering has been implemented in the quench calculation code QLASA, and the comparison with experimental data is given. In conclusion, the agreement of the model with the experimental results is very good and allows predicting more accurately the critical parameters in quench analysis (MIITs, hot spot temperature) for the MQXF Nb3Sn quadrupoles, which will be installed in the High Luminosity LHC.« less

Measurements and analysis of dynamic effects in the LARP model quadrupole HQ02b during rapid discharge

DOE PAGES

Sorbi, Massimo; Ambrosio, Giorgio; Bajas, Hugo; ...

2016-06-01

This paper presents the analysis of some quench tests addressed to study the dynamic effects in the 1-m-long 120-mm-aperture Nb 3Sn quadrupole magnet, i.e., HQ02b, designed, fabricated, and tested by the LHC Accelerator Research Program. The magnet has a short sample gradient of 205 T/m at 1.9 K and a peak field of 14.2 T. The test campaign has been performed at CERN in April 2014. In the specific tests, which were dedicated to the measurements of the dynamic inductance of the magnet during the rapid current discharge for a quench, the protection heaters were activated only in some windings,more » in order to obtain the measure of the resistive and inductive voltages separately. The analysis of the results confirms a very low value of the dynamic inductance at the beginning of the discharge, which later approaches the nominal value. Indications of dynamic inductance variation were already found from the analysis of current decay during quenches in the previous magnets HQ02a and HQ02a2; however, with this dedicated test of HQ02b, a quantitative measurement and assessment has been possible. An analytical model using interfilament coupling current influence for the inductance lowering has been implemented in the quench calculation code QLASA, and the comparison with experimental data is given. In conclusion, the agreement of the model with the experimental results is very good and allows predicting more accurately the critical parameters in quench analysis (MIITs, hot spot temperature) for the MQXF Nb3Sn quadrupoles, which will be installed in the High Luminosity LHC.« less

Comparison of the therapeutic efficacy and safety of combined oral tranexamic acid and topical hydroquinone 4% treatment vs. topical hydroquinone 4% alone in melasma: a parallel-group, assessor- and analyst-blinded, randomized controlled trial with a short-term follow-up.

PubMed

Lajevardi, Vahideh; Ghayoumi, Afsaneh; Abedini, Robabeh; Hosseini, Hamed; Goodarzi, Azadeh; Akbari, Zahra; Hedayat, Kosar

2017-06-01

Melasma's high prevalence and profound psychological impact on patients necessitate efficacious, economical, and safe therapeutic interventions. Adjunctive therapies such as tranexamic acid (TA) can enhance the therapeutic effect of standard treatments like hydroquinone 4% cream (HQ). To conduct an assessor- and analyst-blinded, parallel, superiority, randomized controlled trial to compare the clinical efficacy and safety of oral TA plus HQ vs. HQ alone in melasma treatment. A total of 100 eligible patients with symmetric facial melasma were assigned to the intervention (250 mg thrice daily oral TA plus HQ 4% cream nightly) or the control group (HQ 4% cream only). Following 3 months of treatment, MASI (melasma area and severity index) score reduction was calculated as the primary outcome measure. After a 3-month follow-up, relapse was also assessed. A total of 88 patients completed the study. At the end of the 6-month period, the overall mean of the MASI score in the intervention group was 1.8 points lower than in the controls (95% confidence interval, 0.36-3.24, P = 0.015) but the relapse rate was not significantly different (30% vs. 26% in the treatment vs. control group, respectively). Side effect occurrence was also similar, but treatment satisfaction was higher in the intervention group than the controls, with 82.2% vs. 34.95 of patients reporting moderate-to-complete satisfaction, respectively (P < 0.001). Oral TA can enhance the efficacy of hydroquinone 4% cream in melasma treatment, but the high incidence of relapse suggests that treatment effects may be temporary, warranting more investigation. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Cigarette Smoke-Related Hydroquinone Induces Filamentous Actin Reorganization and Heat Shock Protein 27 Phosphorylation through p38 and Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase 1/2 in Retinal Pigment Epithelium

PubMed Central

Pons, Marianne; Cousins, Scott W.; Csaky, Karl G.; Striker, Gary; Marin-Castaño, Maria E.

2010-01-01

Retinal pigment epithelium (RPE)-derived membranous debris named blebs, may accumulate and contribute to sub-RPE deposit formation, which is the earliest sign of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Oxidative injury to the RPE might play a significant role in AMD. However, the underlying mechanisms are unknown. We previously reported that hydroquinone (HQ), a major pro-oxidant in cigarette smoke, foodstuff, and atmospheric pollutants, induces actin rearrangement and membrane blebbing in RPE cells as well as sub-RPE deposits in mice. Here, we show for the first time that phosphorylated Heat shock protein 27 (Hsp27), a key regulator of actin filaments dynamics, is up-regulated in RPE from patients with AMD. Also, HQ-induced nonlethal oxidative injury led to Hsp27mRNA up-regulation, dimer formation, and Hsp27 phosphorylation in ARPE-19 cells. Furthermore, we found that a cross talk between p38 and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) mediates HQ-induced Hsp27 phosphorylation and actin aggregate formation, revealing ERK as a novel upstream mediator of Hsp27 phosphorylation. Finally, we demonstrated that Hsp25, p38, and ERK phosphorylation are increased in aging C57BL/6 mice chronically exposed to HQ, whereas Hsp25 expression is decreased. Our data suggest that phosphorylated Hsp27 might be a key mediator in AMD and HQ-induced oxidative injury to the RPE, which may provide helpful insights into the early cellular events associated with actin reorganization and bleb formation involved in sub-RPE deposits formation relevant to the pathogenesis of AMD. PMID:20651235

A Prospective Study of Overuse Knee Injuries Among Female Athletes With Muscle Imbalances and Structural Abnormalities

PubMed Central

Pescatello, Linda S.; Faghri, Pouran; Anderson, Jeffrey

2004-01-01

Objective: To prospectively examine the influence of hamstring-to-quadriceps (H:Q) ratio and structural abnormalities on the prevalence of overuse knee injuries among female collegiate athletes. Design and Setting: We used chi-square 2 × 2 contingency tables and the Fischer exact test to examine associations among H:Q ratios, structural abnormalities, and overuse knee injuries. Subjects: Fifty-three apparently healthy women (age = 19.4 ± 1.3 years, height = 167.6 ± 10.1 cm, mass = 65.0 ± 10.0 kg) from National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I women's field hockey (n = 23), soccer (n = 20), and basketball teams (n = 10) volunteered. Measurements: The H:Q ratio was determined from a preseason isokinetic test on a Biodex system at 60°/s and 300°/s. We measured athletes for genu recurvatum and Q-angles with a 14-in (35.56-cm) goniometer. Iliotibial band flexibility was assessed via the Ober test. Results: Ten overuse knee injuries (iliotibial band friction syndromes = 5, patellar tendinitis = 3, patellofemoral syndrome = 1, pes anserine tendinitis = 1) occurred in 9 athletes. The H:Q ratio below the normal range at 300°/s (P = 0.047) was associated with overuse knee injuries, as was the presence of genu recurvatum (P = 0.004). In addition, athletes possessing lower H:Q ratios at 300°/s and genu recurvatum incurred more overuse knee injuries than athletes without these abnormalities (P = 0.001). Conclusions: The presence of genu recurvatum and an H: Q ratio below normal range was associated with an increased prevalence of overuse knee injuries among female collegiate athletes. Further investigation is needed to clarify which preseason screening procedures may identify collegiate athletes who are susceptible to overuse knee injuries. PMID:15496997

A Prospective Study of Overuse Knee Injuries Among Female Athletes With Muscle Imbalances and Structural Abnormalities.

PubMed

Devan, Michelle R; Pescatello, Linda S; Faghri, Pouran; Anderson, Jeffrey

2004-09-01

OBJECTIVE: To prospectively examine the influence of hamstring-to-quadriceps (H:Q) ratio and structural abnormalities on the prevalence of overuse knee injuries among female collegiate athletes. DESIGN AND SETTING: We used chi-square 2 x 2 contingency tables and the Fischer exact test to examine associations among H:Q ratios, structural abnormalities, and overuse knee injuries. SUBJECTS: Fifty-three apparently healthy women (age = 19.4 +/- 1.3 years, height = 167.6 +/- 10.1 cm, mass = 65.0 +/- 10.0 kg) from National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I women's field hockey (n = 23), soccer (n = 20), and basketball teams (n = 10) volunteered. MEASUREMENTS: The H:Q ratio was determined from a preseason isokinetic test on a Biodex system at 60 degrees /s and 300 degrees /s. We measured athletes for genu recurvatum and Q-angles with a 14-in (35.56-cm) goniometer. Iliotibial band flexibility was assessed via the Ober test. RESULTS: Ten overuse knee injuries (iliotibial band friction syndromes = 5, patellar tendinitis = 3, patellofemoral syndrome = 1, pes anserine tendinitis = 1) occurred in 9 athletes. The H:Q ratio below the normal range at 300 degrees /s (P = 0.047) was associated with overuse knee injuries, as was the presence of genu recurvatum (P = 0.004). In addition, athletes possessing lower H:Q ratios at 300 degrees /s and genu recurvatum incurred more overuse knee injuries than athletes without these abnormalities (P = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The presence of genu recurvatum and an H: Q ratio below normal range was associated with an increased prevalence of overuse knee injuries among female collegiate athletes. Further investigation is needed to clarify which preseason screening procedures may identify collegiate athletes who are susceptible to overuse knee injuries.

Hydration effects on the electronic properties of eumelanin building blocks

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Assis Oliveira, Leonardo Bruno; Departamento de Física - CEPAE, Universidade Federal de Goiás, 74690-900 Goiânia, GO; Escola de Ciências Exatas e da Computação, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Goiás, 74605-010 Goiânia, GO

2016-08-28

Theoretical results for the electronic properties of eumelanin building blocks in the gas phase and water are presented. The building blocks presently investigated include the monomeric species DHI (5,6-dihydroxyindole) or hydroquinone (HQ), DHICA (5,6-dihydroxyindole-2-carboxylic acid), indolequinone (IQ), quinone methide (MQ), two covalently bonded dimers [HM ≡ HQ + MQ and IM ≡ IQ + MQ], and two tetramers [HMIM ≡ HQ + IM, IMIM ≡ IM + IM]. The electronic properties in water were determined by carrying out sequential Monte Carlo/time dependent density functional theory calculations. The results illustrate the role played by hydrogen bonding and electrostatic interactions in themore » electronic properties of eumelanin building blocks in a polar environment. In water, the dipole moments of monomeric species are significantly increased ([54–79]%) relative to their gas phase values. Recently, it has been proposed that the observed enhancement of the higher-energy absorption intensity in eumelanin can be explained by excitonic coupling among eumelanin protomolecules [C.-T. Chen et al., Nat. Commun. 5, 3859 (2014)]. Here, we are providing evidence that for DHICA, IQ, and HMIM, the electronic absorption toward the higher-energy end of the spectrum ([180–220] nm) is enhanced by long-range Coulombic interactions with the water environment. It was verified that by superposing the absorption spectra of different eumelanin building blocks corresponding to the monomers, dimers, and tetramers in liquid water, the behaviour of the experimental spectrum, which is characterised by a nearly monotonic decay from the ultraviolet to the infrared, is qualitatively reproduced. This result is in keeping with a “chemical disorder model,” where the broadband absorption of eumelanin pigments is determined by the superposition of the spectra associated with the monomeric and oligomeric building blocks.« less

Hydration effects on the electronic properties of eumelanin building blocks.

PubMed

Assis Oliveira, Leonardo Bruno; L Fonseca, Tertius; Costa Cabral, Benedito J; Coutinho, Kaline; Canuto, Sylvio

2016-08-28

Theoretical results for the electronic properties of eumelanin building blocks in the gas phase and water are presented. The building blocks presently investigated include the monomeric species DHI (5,6-dihydroxyindole) or hydroquinone (HQ), DHICA (5,6-dihydroxyindole-2-carboxylic acid), indolequinone (IQ), quinone methide (MQ), two covalently bonded dimers [HM ≡ HQ + MQ and IM ≡ IQ + MQ], and two tetramers [HMIM ≡ HQ + IM, IMIM ≡ IM + IM]. The electronic properties in water were determined by carrying out sequential Monte Carlo/time dependent density functional theory calculations. The results illustrate the role played by hydrogen bonding and electrostatic interactions in the electronic properties of eumelanin building blocks in a polar environment. In water, the dipole moments of monomeric species are significantly increased ([54-79]%) relative to their gas phase values. Recently, it has been proposed that the observed enhancement of the higher-energy absorption intensity in eumelanin can be explained by excitonic coupling among eumelanin protomolecules [C.-T. Chen et al., Nat. Commun. 5, 3859 (2014)]. Here, we are providing evidence that for DHICA, IQ, and HMIM, the electronic absorption toward the higher-energy end of the spectrum ([180-220] nm) is enhanced by long-range Coulombic interactions with the water environment. It was verified that by superposing the absorption spectra of different eumelanin building blocks corresponding to the monomers, dimers, and tetramers in liquid water, the behaviour of the experimental spectrum, which is characterised by a nearly monotonic decay from the ultraviolet to the infrared, is qualitatively reproduced. This result is in keeping with a "chemical disorder model," where the broadband absorption of eumelanin pigments is determined by the superposition of the spectra associated with the monomeric and oligomeric building blocks.

Hydration effects on the electronic properties of eumelanin building blocks

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Assis Oliveira, Leonardo Bruno; L. Fonseca, Tertius; Costa Cabral, Benedito J.; Coutinho, Kaline; Canuto, Sylvio

2016-08-01

Theoretical results for the electronic properties of eumelanin building blocks in the gas phase and water are presented. The building blocks presently investigated include the monomeric species DHI (5,6-dihydroxyindole) or hydroquinone (HQ), DHICA (5,6-dihydroxyindole-2-carboxylic acid), indolequinone (IQ), quinone methide (MQ), two covalently bonded dimers [HM ≡ HQ + MQ and IM ≡ IQ + MQ], and two tetramers [HMIM ≡ HQ + IM, IMIM ≡ IM + IM]. The electronic properties in water were determined by carrying out sequential Monte Carlo/time dependent density functional theory calculations. The results illustrate the role played by hydrogen bonding and electrostatic interactions in the electronic properties of eumelanin building blocks in a polar environment. In water, the dipole moments of monomeric species are significantly increased ([54-79]%) relative to their gas phase values. Recently, it has been proposed that the observed enhancement of the higher-energy absorption intensity in eumelanin can be explained by excitonic coupling among eumelanin protomolecules [C.-T. Chen et al., Nat. Commun. 5, 3859 (2014)]. Here, we are providing evidence that for DHICA, IQ, and HMIM, the electronic absorption toward the higher-energy end of the spectrum ([180-220] nm) is enhanced by long-range Coulombic interactions with the water environment. It was verified that by superposing the absorption spectra of different eumelanin building blocks corresponding to the monomers, dimers, and tetramers in liquid water, the behaviour of the experimental spectrum, which is characterised by a nearly monotonic decay from the ultraviolet to the infrared, is qualitatively reproduced. This result is in keeping with a "chemical disorder model," where the broadband absorption of eumelanin pigments is determined by the superposition of the spectra associated with the monomeric and oligomeric building blocks.

US Army Order of Battle 1919-1941. Volume 2. The Arms: Calvary, Field Artillery, and Coast Artillery, 1919-41

DTIC Science & Technology

2010-01-01

Artillery Regiment (75-mm G-P) (GHQR) Organized Reserve Michigan HQ— Alpena , MI, 1921–25; Flint, MI, 1925–29; Inactive, 1929–41 Constituted in the O.R. on... Alpena , MI. Subordinate battalion HQ concurrently organized as follows: 1st Bn. at Saginaw, MI,and 2d Bn. at Owosso, MI. Regimental HQ relocated on 2

Area Assessment: Peru.

DTIC Science & Technology

1985-09-24

covers over half the country, including the vast Amazon River Basin and the Madre de Dio River Basin. The sierra, which makes up over one-fourth of Peru...departments. d. FOURTH (HQ CUSCO): Puno, Cusco, Apurimac, Junin, Pasco, Huanuco, San Martin, Auacucho, and Madre de Dios departments. e. FIFTH (HQ...panies. In Peru the gold boom began in 1978 in the southeastern jungle region ( Madre de Dios ) when the Peruvian Government issued Decree-Law No. 22178

Media Teleconference: NOAA climate forecaster to discuss status of El Niño

Science.gov Websites

Media Contact NOAA HQ John Ewald 240-429-6127 NOAA NCEI Katy Matthews 828-257-3136 NASA GISS Michael Cabbage/ Leslie McCarthy 212-678-5516 / 5507 NASA HQ Steve Cole 202-358-0918 Wednesday: NOAA, NASA to experts from NOAA and NASA will announce new data on 2015 global temperatures during a media

Modelling Operational Command Structures Using ORGAHEAD

DTIC Science & Technology

2005-07-01

1999 he was awarded a PhD from the University of South Australia. Dr. Sproles works part-time with DSTO Edinburgh under contract between the...Australia. Manchester, W, 1978, American Caesar. Douglas MacArthur 1880-1964, Dell Publishing Co., New York, NY, USA. Manuel, K.T., and...Egypt Jordon Canada Italy HQ INTERFET HQ 3 Bde (Australia) Singapore Malaysia Fiji UK NZThailand Philipinnes S Korea Kenya Brazil Eire FranceNorway

Analysis of hydroquinone and some of its ethers by using capillary electrochromatography.

PubMed

Desiderio, C; Ossicini, L; Fanali, S

2000-07-28

Capillary electrochromatography (CEC) was used for the analysis of relevant compounds in cosmetic preparation. Hydroquinone (HQ) and some of its ethers (methyl-, dimethyl-, benzyl-, phenyl-, propyl-HQ derivatives) were analyzed by using an octadecylsilica (ODS) stationary phase packed in fused-silica capillary (100 microm I.D.; 30 cm and 21.5 cm total and effective lengths, respectively). 20 mM Ammonium acetate pH 6-acetonitrile (50-70%) were the mobile phases used for the experiments. The acetonitrile (ACN) content strongly influenced the resolution of the studied compounds as well as the efficiency and the retention factor. Baseline resolution for the studied analytes was achieved at both the lowest and the highest percentage of ACN, the last one providing the shortest analysis time. Mobile phase containing 70% of ACN was therefore used for the analysis of an extract of skin-toning cream declared to contain HQ. Good repeatability of both retention times, peak areas and peak areas ratio (Asample/Ainternational standard) was found. The calibration graphs were linear in the concentration range studied (5-90 microg/ml) with correlation coefficients between 0.9975 and 09991. The analysis of the cosmetic preparation revealed the presence of HQ (1.72%, w/w) and of two additional peaks (not identified).

Health-relevant personality is associated with sensitivity to sound (hyperacusis).

PubMed

Villaume, Karin; Hasson, Dan

2017-04-01

Hyperacusis, over-sensitivity to sounds, causes distress and disability and the etiology is not fully understood. The study aims to explore possible associations between health-relevant personality traits and hyperacusis. Hyperacusis was assessed using the Hyperacusis Questionnaire (HQ), and clinical uncomfortable loudness levels (ULL). Personality was measured with the Health-relevant Personality (HP5i) Inventory. The study sample was 348 (140 men and 208 women; age 23-71 years). Moderate correlations were found between the personality trait negative affectivity (NA; a facet of neuroticism) and dimensions of the HQ and weak correlations were found with the ULLs. Hedonic capacity (a facet of extraversion) was significantly correlated with the HQ but not with the ULLs. Impulsivity (a facet of conscientiousness) was correlated with the HQ and the ULLs. A significant difference in mean values was found in all hyperacusis measures and different levels of NA - those with higher levels displayed more severe signs of hyperacusis. A multiple logistic regression analysis showed that higher levels of NA increases the odds of having hyperacusis on average 4.6 times for men and 2.4 times for women. These findings imply that health-relevant personality traits should be considered in the diagnosis and treatment of hyperacusis. © 2017 Scandinavian Psychological Associations and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Carbon nanosheets-based supercapacitors: Design of dual redox additives of 1, 4-dihydroxyanthraquinone and hydroquinone for improved performance

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Xu, Dong; Sun, Xiao Na; Hu, Wei; Chen, Xiang Ying

2017-07-01

Using thiocarbanilide and Mg(OH)2 powders as carbon precursor and template, respectively, novel 2D carbon nanosheets with large area have been produced. Next, based on the cooperative effect, 1, 4-dihydroxyanthraquinone (DQ) and hydroquinone (HQ) regarded as efficient dual redox additives have been incorporated into the electrode carbon material and H2SO4 electrolyte, respectively, to largely elevate the capacitive performance of supercapacitors. More importantly, the cooperative effect results from the redox processes of DQ and HQ consecutively occurring in the electrode carbon material and aqueous H2SO4 electrolyte, respectively. Besides, the molar ratio of DQ and HQ exerts a crucial role in the determination of the electrochemical behaviors and eventually the optimum condition is the mass ratio of 1:1 concerning the DQ and porous carbon within solid electrode while retaining the HQ concentration as 20 mmol L-1 in 1 mol L-1 H2SO4 electrolyte. As a result, the maximum specific capacitance is achieved of 239 F g-1 at 3 A g-1, and furthermore the maximum energy density up to 21.1 Wh kg-1 is almost 3.5 times larger than that of the one without introducing any redox additive.

Simultaneous determination of hydroquinone, catechol and resorcinol by voltammetry using graphene screen-printed electrodes and partial least squares calibration.

PubMed

Aragó, Miriam; Ariño, Cristina; Dago, Àngela; Díaz-Cruz, José Manuel; Esteban, Miquel

2016-11-01

Catechol (CC), resorcinol (RC) and hydroquinone (HQ) are dihydroxybenzene isomers that usually coexist in different samples and can be determined using voltammetric techniques taking profit of their fast response, high sensitivity and selectivity, cheap instrumentation, simple and timesaving operation modes. However, a strong overlapping of CC and HQ signals is observed hindering their accurate analysis. In the present work, the combination of differential pulse voltammetry with graphene screen-printed electrodes (allowing detection limits of 2.7, 1.7 and 2.4µmolL(-1) for HQ, CC and RC respectively) and the data analysis by partial least squares calibration (giving root mean square errors of prediction, RMSEP values, of 2.6, 4.1 and 2.3 for HQ, CC and RC respectively) has been proposed as a powerful tool for the quantification of mixtures of these dihydroxybenzene isomers. The commercial availability of the screen-printed devices and the low cost and simplicity of the analysis suggest that the proposed method can be a valuable alternative to chromatographic and electrophoretic methods for the considered species. The method has been applied to the analysis of these isomers in spiked tap water. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Young swimmers' classification based on kinematics, hydrodynamics, and anthropometrics.

PubMed

Barbosa, Tiago M; Morais, Jorge E; Costa, Mário J; Goncalves, José; Marinho, Daniel A; Silva, António J

2014-04-01

The aim of this article has been to classify swimmers based on kinematics, hydrodynamics, and anthropometrics. Sixty-seven young swimmers made a maximal 25 m front-crawl to measure with a speedometer the swimming velocity (v), speed-fluctuation (dv) and dv normalized to v (dv/v). Another two 25 m bouts with and without carrying a perturbation device were made to estimate active drag coefficient (CDa). Trunk transverse surface area (S) was measured with photogrammetric technique on land and in the hydrodynamic position. Cluster 1 was related to swimmers with a high speed fluctuation (ie, dv and dv/v), cluster 2 with anthropometrics (ie, S) and cluster 3 with a high hydrodynamic profile (ie, CDa). The variable that seems to discriminate better the clusters was the dv/v (F=53.680; P<.001), followed by the dv (F=28.506; P<.001), CDa (F=21.025; P<.001), S (F=6.297; P<.01) and v (F=5.375; P=.01). Stepwise discriminant analysis extracted 2 functions: Function 1 was mainly defined by dv/v and S (74.3% of variance), whereas function 2 was mainly defined by CDa (25.7% of variance). It can be concluded that kinematics, hydrodynamics and anthropometrics are determinant domains in which to classify and characterize young swimmers' profiles.

Nonlinear finite amplitude vibrations of sharp-edged beams in viscous fluids

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Aureli, M.; Basaran, M. E.; Porfiri, M.

2012-03-01

In this paper, we study flexural vibrations of a cantilever beam with thin rectangular cross section submerged in a quiescent viscous fluid and undergoing oscillations whose amplitude is comparable with its width. The structure is modeled using Euler-Bernoulli beam theory and the distributed hydrodynamic loading is described by a single complex-valued hydrodynamic function which accounts for added mass and fluid damping experienced by the structure. We perform a parametric 2D computational fluid dynamics analysis of an oscillating rigid lamina, representative of a generic beam cross section, to understand the dependence of the hydrodynamic function on the governing flow parameters. We find that increasing the frequency and amplitude of the vibration elicits vortex shedding and convection phenomena which are, in turn, responsible for nonlinear hydrodynamic damping. We establish a manageable nonlinear correction to the classical hydrodynamic function developed for small amplitude vibration and we derive a computationally efficient reduced order modal model for the beam nonlinear oscillations. Numerical and theoretical results are validated by comparison with ad hoc designed experiments on tapered beams and multimodal vibrations and with data available in the literature. Findings from this work are expected to find applications in the design of slender structures of interest in marine applications, such as biomimetic propulsion systems and energy harvesting devices.

Program Manager: Journal of the Defense Systems Management College. Volume 19, Number 1, January-February 1990

DTIC Science & Technology

1990-02-01

proposal to the HQ USAF than optimum communication be- While the report indicated that this recommended a long-range, integrated tween the user and the...SRA), conduct of The three functional Working Integrated logistics program plan- tradeoff studies, and development of Groups are separated into the...as well * INTEGRATION as a rapid retargeting capability. V. SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS Working Conditions At the same time, SAC realized that VI. SYSTEM

Dynamic density functional theory with hydrodynamic interactions and fluctuations

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Donev, Aleksandar, E-mail: donev@courant.nyu.edu; Vanden-Eijnden, Eric, E-mail: eve2@courant.nyu.edu

2014-06-21

We derive a closed equation for the empirical concentration of colloidal particles in the presence of both hydrodynamic and direct interactions. The ensemble average of our functional Langevin equation reproduces known deterministic Dynamic Density Functional Theory (DDFT) [M. Rex and H. Löwen, “Dynamical density functional theory with hydrodynamic interactions and colloids in unstable traps,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 101(14), 148302 (2008)], and, at the same time, it also describes the microscopic fluctuations around the mean behavior. We suggest separating the ideal (non-interacting) contribution from additional corrections due to pairwise interactions. We find that, for an incompressible fluid and in the absencemore » of direct interactions, the mean concentration follows Fick's law just as for uncorrelated walkers. At the same time, the nature of the stochastic terms in fluctuating DDFT is shown to be distinctly different for hydrodynamically-correlated and uncorrelated walkers. This leads to striking differences in the behavior of the fluctuations around Fick's law, even in the absence of pairwise interactions. We connect our own prior work [A. Donev, T. G. Fai, and E. Vanden-Eijnden, “A reversible mesoscopic model of diffusion in liquids: from giant fluctuations to Fick's law,” J. Stat. Mech.: Theory Exp. (2014) P04004] on fluctuating hydrodynamics of diffusion in liquids to the DDFT literature, and demonstrate that the fluid cannot easily be eliminated from consideration if one wants to describe the collective diffusion in colloidal suspensions.« less

Theoretical study of the criteria and consequences of hydrodynamic electron flow in graphene.

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Adam, Shaffique; Ho, Derek; Yudhistira, Indra; Chakraborty, Nilotpal

Experiments on graphene electrons have succeeded in entering the hydrodynamic regime, as demonstrated by successful observations of Wiedemann-Franz law violations, and evidence for electron vortices. The hydrodynamic regime is expected to occur when electron-electron interactions dominate over all other electron collision mechanisms. We calculate the electron-electron, electron-impurity and electron-phonon scattering rates as a function of temperature, charge doping and disorder (charge puddle) strength. We find that there exists a window in parameter space where electron-electron scattering dominates and hydrodynamic effects become observable. However, we also find that disorder induced carrier density inhomogeneity continues to play an important role in the vicinity of charge neutrality, even in the strongly interacting hydrodynamic regime. For example, although the ratio of thermal conductivity and electrical conductivity show a violation of the Wiedemann-Franz law in the aforementioned experiment, the electrical conductivity as a function of temperature still follows a disorder-driven universal scaling theory first predicted in This work was supported by the National Research Foundation of Singapore (NRF-NRFF2012-01).

Simplified Key Management for Digital Access Control of Information Objects

DTIC Science & Technology

2016-07-02

0001, Task BC-5-2283, “Architecture, Design of Services for Air Force Wide Distributed Systems,” for USAF HQ USAF SAF/CIO A6. The views, opinions...Challenges for Cloud Computing,” Lecture Notes in Engineering and Computer Science: Proceedings World Congress on Engineering and Computer Science 2011...P. Konieczny USAF HQ USAF SAF/CIO A6 11. SPONSOR’S / MONITOR’S REPORT NUMBER(S) 12. DISTRIBUTION / AVAILABILITY STATEMENT Approved for public

78 FR 33785 - Receipt of Several Pesticide Petitions Filed for Residues of Pesticide Chemicals in or on Various...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-06-05

...: [email protected] . 7. PP 2F8101. (EPA-HQ-OPP-2013-0226). Bayer CropScience LP, 2 T.W. Alexander Drive..., pads at 0.9 ppm; cattle/goat/hog/horse/sheep, fat at 0.5 ppm; cattle/goat/hog/horse/sheep, meat at 1...: [email protected] . 8. PP 2F8120. (EPA-HQ-OPP-2013-0015). Dow AgroSciences, 9330 Zionsville Road...

Breaking the Mold: Tanks in the Cities

DTIC Science & Technology

2006-01-01

Palestinian fighters planned to concentrate on protecting the PLO headquarters and the three refugee camps of Sabra, Shatilla, and Burj al ...cover the camps, which were located on more Map 18. Beirut, 1982. 2 Miles Scale Airport Presidential PalaceG re en Li ne Port Burj al - Barajinah PLO HQ...Attack into Beirut, 1982. 2 Miles Scale Airport Presidential PalaceG re en Li ne Port Burj al - Barajinah PLO HQ University Stadium Shatilla Sabra East

Kernel ADA Programming Support Environment (KAPSE) Interface Team Public Report. Volume 4.

DTIC Science & Technology

1984-04-30

the document until further discussion has taken place among the group metbers. RACWG announced their editor, Reed Kotler . The RACWG plans to narrow...KRUTAR, Rudy NRL *LAPLANT, Bill HQ USAF LOPER, Warren NOSC *MAGLIERI, Lucas Canadian National Defense HQ MILLER, Jo NWC MYERS, Gil NOSC *MYERS, Philip ...HUMPHREY, Dianna Control Data Corp. JOHNSON, Ron Boeing Aerospace Co. KERNER, Judy Norden Systems KOTLER , Reed Lockheed Missiles & Space LAMB, J. Eli

Multi-scaling modelling in financial markets

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Liu, Ruipeng; Aste, Tomaso; Di Matteo, T.

2007-12-01

In the recent years, a new wave of interest spurred the involvement of complexity in finance which might provide a guideline to understand the mechanism of financial markets, and researchers with different backgrounds have made increasing contributions introducing new techniques and methodologies. In this paper, Markov-switching multifractal models (MSM) are briefly reviewed and the multi-scaling properties of different financial data are analyzed by computing the scaling exponents by means of the generalized Hurst exponent H(q). In particular we have considered H(q) for price data, absolute returns and squared returns of different empirical financial time series. We have computed H(q) for the simulated data based on the MSM models with Binomial and Lognormal distributions of the volatility components. The results demonstrate the capacity of the multifractal (MF) models to capture the stylized facts in finance, and the ability of the generalized Hurst exponents approach to detect the scaling feature of financial time series.

Evaluation of Multi-Vessel Ship Motion Prediction Codes

DTIC Science & Technology

2008-09-01

each other, and accounting for the hydrodynamic effects between the hulls. The major differences in the capabilities of the codes were in the non...Figure 28. Effects of irregular frequency smoothing has on the resultant pitch transfer function for three meter separation, 135 degree heading, and...and accounting for the hydrodynamic effects between the hulls. The major differences in the capabilities of the codes were in the non-hydrodynamic

Golden Legacy, Boundless Future: Essays on the United States Air Force and the Rise of Aerospace Power

DTIC Science & Technology

2000-01-01

tactical support, and, to a lesser extent, bom- bardment. The American Army had to digest quickly the crucial lesson already absorbed by the...2. United States Air Force Statistical Digest , 1947, Director of Statistical Services, Comptroller, HQ USAF, Washington, D.C., 1948, 15-16, 72, 132...Statistical Digest , Director of Statistical Services, Deputy Chief of Staff, Comptroller, HQ USAF, Washington, D.C., Nov 1952, 162-164. 6. Sarah A

Air Parity: Re-Discovering Contested Air Operations

DTIC Science & Technology

2016-06-01

these days repeated in attack numbers and flying conditions, but the phase would end with bad weather – from 19 to 23 August dense cloud cover would...Command HQ acted as the central processor of information from the radar warning system.149 It did not make any tactical decisions, which...hours to spare[.] My HQ , for example, provided a daily working party of 53 officers and men for 3 ½ months.”292 The Army would also assist the ground

Thin film assembly of nano-sized Zn(II)-8-hydroxy-5,7-dinitroquinolate by using successive ion layer adsorption and reaction (SILAR) technique: characterization and optical-electrical-photovoltaic properties.

PubMed

Farag, A A M; Haggag, Sawsan M S; Mahmoud, Mohamed E

2012-07-01

A method is described for thin film assembly of nano-sized Zn(II)-8-hydroxy-5,7-dinitroquinolate complex, Zn[((NO(2))(2)-8HQ)(2)] by using successive ion layer adsorption and reaction (SILAR) technique. Highly homogeneous assembled nano-sized metal complex thin films with particle size distribution in the range 27-47nm was identified by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Zn[((NO(2))(2)-8HQ)(2)] and [(NO(2))(2)-8HQ] ligand were studied by thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA). Graphical representation of temperature dependence of the dark electrical conductivity produced two distinct linear parts for two activation energies at 0.377eV and 1.11eV. The analysis of the spectral behavior of the absorption coefficient in the intrinsic absorption region reveals a direct allowed transition with a fundamental band gap of 2.74eV. The dark current density-voltage (J-V) characteristics showed the rectification effect due to the formation of junction barrier of Zn[((NO(2))(2)-8HQ)(2)] complex film/n-Si interface. The photocurrent in the reverse direction is strongly increased by photo-illumination and the photovoltaic characteristics were also determined and evaluated. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

A glassy carbon electrode modified with cerium phosphate nanotubes for the simultaneous determination of hydroquinone, catechol and resorcinol.

PubMed

Li, Zhen; Yue, Yuhua; Hao, Yanjun; Feng, Shun; Zhou, Xianli

2018-03-12

A nafion film containing cerium phosphate nanotubes was pasted onto a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) to obtain a sensor for hydroquinone (HQ). The morphologies and components of the coating were characterized by transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive spectroscopy. Cyclic voltammetry and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) showed the specific surface of the electrode to be significantly increased and the electron transfer rate to be accelerated. The modified GCE was applied to the determination of hydroquinone (HQ) via DPV. The oxidation current increases linearly in the 0.23 μM to 16 mM HQ concentration range which is as wide as five orders of magnitude. The limit of detection is 0.12 μM (based on a signal-to-noise ratio of 3), and the sensitivity is 1.41 μA·μM -1  cm -2 . The method was further applied to the simultaneous determination of HQ, catechol and resorcinol. The potentials for the three species are well separated (20, 134, and 572 mV vs SCE). Average recoveries from (spiked) real water samples are between 95.2 and 107.0%, with relative standard deviations of 0.9~2.7% (for n = 3) at three spiking levels. The method was validated by independent assays using HPLC. Graphical abstract ᅟ.

Risk assessment of antibiotic residues in different water matrices in India: key issues and challenges.

PubMed

Mutiyar, Pravin K; Mittal, Atul K

2014-06-01

Global detection of antibiotic substances in water matrices has considerably increased in the recent past. However, in India research on this issue is limited or generalised in the literature. Risks associated with the presence of antibiotics in the environment can be quantified using a hazard quotient (HQ) approach. Here, HQs were developed using the measured environmental concentration (MEC) approach for antibiotic residues in Indian water matrices previously reported in the literature. In the present study, environmental risk assessment, using the HQ index [HQ = measured environmental concentration (MEC)/predicted no effect concentration (PNEC)] for different antibiotics, was performed according to the guidelines of European Medicine Evaluation Agency (EMEA). MEC and PNEC levels were obtained from the literature. PNEC values were also calculated from EC50 using a safety factor when no PNECs were reported in the literature. HQs were obtained for industrial effluents (HQ = 10(4)) that were greater than any previously reported values. Ciprofloxacin, a fluoroquinolone antibiotic, seemed to present the greatest risk in India. The HQ indices for Indian water matrices were in the following order: industrial effluents > lake water > river water > hospital effluents > treated sewage ≃ groundwater. A very high HQ represents a potential environmental concern for aquatic environments in India and demands that immediate attention be devoted to regulating these compounds, especially in pharmaceutical industrial wastewater.

A lower extremity strength-based profile of NCAA Division I women's basketball and gymnastics athletes: implications for knee joint injury risk assessment.

PubMed

Thompson, Brennan J; Cazier, Curtis S; Bressel, Eadric; Dolny, Dennis G

2018-08-01

This study aimed to provide a comprehensive strength-based physiological profile of women's NCAA Division I basketball and gymnastic athletes; and to make sport-specific comparisons for various strength characteristics of the knee flexor and extensor muscles. A focus on antagonist muscle balance (hamstrings-to-quadriceps ratios, H:Q) was used to elucidate vulnerabilities in these at-risk female athletes. Fourteen NCAA Division I women's basketball and 13 gymnastics athletes performed strength testing of the knee extensors and flexors. Outcome measures included absolute and relative (body mass normalised) peak torque (PT), rate of torque development at 50, 100, 200 ms (RTD50 etc.) and H:Q ratios of all variables. The basketball athletes had greater absolute strength for all variables except for isokinetic PT at 240°s -1 and isometric RTD50 for the knee extensors. Gymnasts showed ~20% weaker body mass relative concentric PT for the knee flexors at 60 and 120°·s -1 , and decreased conventional H:Q ratios at 60 and 240°·s -1 (~15%). These findings suggest that collegiate level gymnastics athletes may be prone to increased ACL injury risk due to deficient knee flexor strength and H:Q strength imbalance. Coaches may use these findings when implementing injury prevention screening and/or for individualised strength training programming centered around an athletes strength-related deficits.

The Safety and Efficacy of Treatment With a 1,927-nm Diode Laser With and Without Topical Hydroquinone for Facial Hyperpigmentation and Melasma in Darker Skin Types.

PubMed

Vanaman Wilson, Monique J; Jones, Isabela T; Bolton, Joanna; Larsen, Lisa; Fabi, Sabrina Guillen

2018-04-13

The nonablative, fractional, 1,927-nm diode laser is theoretically a safe and effective treatment for hyperpigmentation and melasma in darker skin and may potentiate topical cosmeceutical delivery. To evaluate the use of a nonablative, fractional, 1,927-nm diode laser with and without topical 2% hydroquinone (HQ) cream for moderate-to-severe facial hyperpigmentation in Fitzpatrick skin Types III-V. Forty adults underwent 4 laser treatments at 2-week intervals and were randomized to daily application of 2% HQ cream or moisturizer. Follow-ups were conducted 4 and 12 weeks after the final laser treatment. Hydroquinone and moisturizer groups demonstrated Mottled Pigmentation Area and Severity Index improvements of approximately 50% at post-treatment Weeks 4 and 12. Blinded investigator-assessed hyperpigmentation and photodamage improved significantly for both the groups at post-treatment Weeks 4 and 12. Subject satisfaction improved significantly in both the groups by post-treatment Week 4. Although investigator-rated Global Aesthetic Improvement Scale scores were significantly better in the HQ group at post-treatment Week 12, satisfaction was higher among those using moisturizer. No adverse events were noted. The nonablative, fractional, 1,927-nm diode laser produced significant improvement in hyperpigmentation in Fitzpatrick skin Types III-V by 4 weeks, with maintenance of results at 12 weeks after treatment even without HQ.

Uncertainty factors in screening ecological risk assessments

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Duke, L.D.; Taggart, M.

2000-06-01

The hazard quotient (HQ) method is commonly used in screening ecological risk assessments (ERAs) to estimate risk to wildlife at contaminated sites. Many ERAs use uncertainty factors (UFs) in the HQ calculation to incorporate uncertainty associated with predicting wildlife responses to contaminant exposure using laboratory toxicity data. The overall objective was to evaluate the current UF methodology as applied to screening ERAs in California, USA. Specific objectives included characterizing current UF methodology, evaluating the degree of conservatism in UFs as applied, and identifying limitations to the current approach. Twenty-four of 29 evaluated ERAs used the HQ approach: 23 of thesemore » used UFs in the HQ calculation. All 24 made interspecies extrapolations, and 21 compensated for its uncertainty, most using allometric adjustments and some using RFs. Most also incorporated uncertainty for same-species extrapolations. Twenty-one ERAs used UFs extrapolating from lowest observed adverse effect level (LOAEL) to no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL), and 18 used UFs extrapolating from subchronic to chronic exposure. Values and application of all UF types were inconsistent. Maximum cumulative UFs ranged from 10 to 3,000. Results suggest UF methodology is widely used but inconsistently applied and is not uniformly conservative relative to UFs recommended in regulatory guidelines and academic literature. The method is limited by lack of consensus among scientists, regulators, and practitioners about magnitudes, types, and conceptual underpinnings of the UF methodology.« less

Formation and Entrapment of Tris(8-hydroxyquinoline)aluminum from 8-Hydroxyquinoline in Anodic Porous Alumina

PubMed Central

Yamaguchi, Shohei; Matsui, Kazunori

2016-01-01

The formation and entrapment of tris(8-hydroxyquinoline)aluminum (Alq3) molecules on the surface of anodic porous alumina (APA) immersed in an ethanol solution of 8-hydroxyquinoline (HQ) were investigated by absorption, fluorescence, and Raman spectroscopies. The effects of the selected APA preparation conditions (galvanostatic or potentiostatic anodization method, anodizing current and voltage values, one- or two-step anodizing process, and sulfuric acid electrolyte concentration) on the adsorption and desorption of Alq3 species were examined. Among the listed parameters, sulfuric acid concentration was the most important factor in determining the Alq3 adsorption characteristics. The Alq3 content measured after desorption under galvanostatic conditions was 2.5 times larger than that obtained under potentiostatic ones, regardless of the adsorbed quantities. The obtained results suggest the existence of at least two types of adsorption sites on the APA surface characterized by different magnitudes of the Alq3 bonding strength. The related fluorescence spectra contained two peaks at wavelengths of 480 and 505 nm, which could be attributed to isolated Alq3 species inside nanovoids and aggregated Alq3 clusters in the pores of APA, respectively. The former species were attached to the adsorption sites with higher binding energies, whereas the latter ones were bound to the APA surface more weakly. Similar results were obtained for the Alq3 species formed from the HQ solution, which quantitatively exceeded the number of the Alq3 species adsorbed from the Alq3 solution. Alq3 molecules were formed in the HQ solution during the reaction of HQ molecules with the Al3+ ions in the oxide dissolution zone near the oxide/electrolyte interface through the cracks and the Al3+ ions adsorbed on surface of pore and cracks. In addition, it was suggested that HQ molecules could penetrate the nanovoids more easily than Alq3 species because of their smaller sizes, which resulted in higher magnitudes of the adsorption. PMID:28773840

EXERCISES THAT FACILITATE OPTIMAL HAMSTRING AND QUADRICEPS CO-ACTIVATION TO HELP DECREASE ACL INJURY RISK IN HEALTHY FEMALES: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE.

PubMed Central

Dedinsky, Rachel; Baker, Lindsey; Imbus, Samuel; Bowman, Melissa

2017-01-01

Background Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury is common among females due to many anatomic, hormonal, and neuromuscular risk factors. One modifiable risk factor that places females at increased risk of ACL injury is a poor hamstrings: quadriceps (H:Q) co-activation ratio, which should be 0.6 or greater in order to decrease the stress placed on the ACL. Exercises that produce more quadriceps dominant muscle activation can add to the tension placed upon the ACL, potentially increasing the risk of ACL injury. Hypothesis/Purpose The purpose of this systematic review was to compare quadriceps and hamstring muscle activation during common closed kinetic chain therapeutic exercises in healthy female knees to determine what exercises are able to produce adequate H:Q co-activation ratios. Study Design Systematic Review Methods Multiple online databases were systematically searched and screened for inclusion. Eight articles were identified for inclusion. Data on mean electromyography (EMG) activation of both quadriceps and hamstring muscles, % maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC), and H:Q co-activation ratios were extracted from the studies. Quality assessment was performed on all included studies. Results Exercises analyzed in the studies included variations of the double leg squat, variations of the single leg squat, lateral step-up, Fitter, Stairmaster® (Core Health and Fitness, Vancouver, WA), and slide board. All exercises, except the squat machine with posterior support at the level of the scapula and feet placed 50 cm in front of the hips, produced higher quadriceps muscle activation compared to hamstring muscle activation. Conclusion Overall, two leg squats demonstrate poor H:Q co-activation ratios. Single leg exercises, when performed between 30 and 90 degrees of knee flexion, produce adequate H:Q ratios, thereby potentially reducing the risk of tensile stress on the ACL and ACL injury. Level of Evidence 2a- Systematic Review of Cohort Studies PMID:28217412

Knee strength ratios in competitive female athletes

PubMed Central

Murawa, Michal; Mackala, Krzysztof; Dworak, Lechoslaw Bogdan

2018-01-01

Knee strength ratios are related to the movement patterns, sport-specific training and knee injuries in athletes. The purpose of this study was to determine the ratios in the concentric isokinetic strength of the hamstrings and quadriceps and the isometric strength of the knee extensors. In female basketball players (n = 14) and female volleyball players (n = 12) were evaluated: the hamstrings to quadriceps peak torque ratio (H/Q) and side-to-side peak torque ratio (TR) for hamstrings and quadriceps; the ratio of the maximal bilateral strength to the summed maximal unilateral strength (B/U) and side-to-side maximal strength ratio (SR) for knee extensors. For the H/Q values, a 2 × 2 × 3 mixed-factorial analysis of variance and Bonferroni post hoc test were computed. The H/Q values increased from 48.0 (3.9)% at 60°/s to 70.4 (7.9)% at 300°/s. Furthermore, there were significant differences in the H/Q values between 300°/s and 180°/s, 300°/s and 60°/s in basketball and volleyball athletes, and between 180°/s and 60°/s only in basketball athletes (p < .05). Significantly higher H/Q results at 60°/s demonstrated basketball players than volleyball players (p < .05). Differences in the TR and SR mean values ranged from 4.4% to 8.6% and indicated no significant side-to-side strength deficits (p > .05). In both groups, greater isometric strength developed bilaterally was found (B/U > 100%). The findings revealed the magnitude of knee strength ratios in female athletes determined by sport-specific movements in basketball and volleyball. This study highlighted the importance of the bilateral strength deficit and muscular balance between the hamstrings and quadriceps in basketball and volleyball athletes in activities related to their movement patterns and specific training. PMID:29315348

Multifunctional (3-in-1) cancer theranostics applications of hydroxyquinoline-appended polyfluorene nanoparticles† †Electronic supplementary information (ESI) available: Synthesis, characterization, stability, optical properties, imaging, drug delivery, etc. See DOI: 10.1039/c7sc03321d

PubMed Central

Chowdhury, Sayan Roy; Mukherjee, Sudip; Das, Sourav

2017-01-01

The accumulation of fluorescent hydroxyquinoline-affixed polyfluorene (PF-HQ) nanoparticles and their utility for multi-color bio-imaging and drug delivery for cancer treatment are reported. The formation of nanoparticles (PF-HQ) containing hydrophobic pockets via three-dimensional growth of a polymeric backbone in a higher water fraction (THF : H2O = 1 : 9) was observed. The nanoparticles showed incredible dual-state optical and fluorescence properties, which were further explored in multi-color cell imaging in both cancer and normal cells. The cell viability assay in various normal cells confirmed the biocompatible nature of PF-HQ, which was further supported by an ex vivo (chick chorioallantoic membrane assay) model. This encouraged us to fabricate PF-HQ-based new drug delivery systems (DDS: PF-HQ–DOX) upon conjugation with the FDA-approved anti-cancer drug doxorubicin (DOX) by filling the hydrophobic pockets of the polymer nanoparticles. The enhanced anti-cancer activity of the DDS (PF-HQ–DOX) compared with that of free DOX was observed in mouse melanoma cancer cells (B16F10) and a subcutaneous mouse (C57BL6/J) melanoma tumor model upon administration of PF-HQ–DOX. Ex vivo biodistribution studies using a fluorescence quantification method demonstrated the enhanced accumulation of DOX in tumor tissues in the PF-HQ–DOX-treated group compared to that of the free drug, signifying the drug delivery efficacy of the delivery system by a passive targeting manner. Based on the above biological data (in vitro and in the pre-clinical model), these robust and versatile fluorescent hydroxyquinoline-affixed polyfluorene (PF-HQ) nanoparticles could be effectively utilized for multifunctional biomedical applications (as they are biocompatible and can be used for bio-imaging and as a drug delivery vehicle). PMID:29568419

Development and usage of eXtension's HorseQuest: an online resource.

PubMed

Greene, E A; Griffin, A S; Whittle, J; Williams, C A; Howard, A B; Anderson, K P

2010-08-01

eXtension (pronounced e-extension) is an online resource transforming how faculty can collaborate and deliver equine education. As the first Community of Practice launched from eXtension, HorseQuest (HQ) offers free, interactive, peer-reviewed, online resources on a variety of equine-related topics at http://www.extension.org. This group has adapted traditional educational content to the online environment to maximize search engine optimization, to be more discoverable and relevant in the online world. This means that HQ resources are consistently being found on the first page of search results. Also, by researching key words searched by Internet users, HQ has guided new content direction and determined potential webcast topics based on relevance and frequency of those searches. In addition to establishing good search engine optimization, HQ has been utilizing the viral networking aspect of YouTube by uploading clips of existing equine educational videos to YouTube. HorseQuest content appears in mainstream media, is passed on by the user, and helps HQ effectively reach their community of interest (horse enthusiasts). HorseQuest partners with My Horse University to produce webcasts that combine concise knowledge exchange via a scripted presentation with viewer chat and incoming questions. HorseQuest has produced and published content including 12 learning modules, 8 webchats, 21 webcasts, and 572 videos segments. After the official public launch, there was a steady increase in average number of visits/mo and average page views/mo over the 26-mo period. These regressions show a statistically significant increase in visits (P < 0.001) of approximately 450 visits per month and a significant increase in page views (P = 0.004) of about 373 page views per month. HorseQuest is a resource for several state 4-H advancement and competition programs and will continue to be incorporated into traditional extension programs, while reaching and affecting global audiences.

Isokinetic hamstrings-to-quadriceps peak torque ratio: the influence of sport modality, gender, and angular velocity.

PubMed

Andrade, Marilia Dos Santos; De Lira, Claudio Andre Barbosa; Koffes, Fabiana De Carvalho; Mascarin, Naryana Cristina; Benedito-Silva, Ana Amélia; Da Silva, Antonio Carlos

2012-01-01

The purpose of this study was to determine differences in hamstrings-to-quadriceps (H/Q) peak torque ratios evaluated at different angular velocities between men and women who participate in judo, handball or soccer. A total of 166 athletes, including 58 judokas (26 females and 32 males), 39 handball players (22 females and 17 males), and 69 soccer players (17 females and 52 males), were evaluated using an isokinetic dynamometer. The H/Q isokinetic peak torque ratios were calculated at angular velocities of 1.05 rad · s⁻¹ and 5.23 rad · s⁻¹. In the analysis by gender, female soccer players produced lower H/Q peak torque ratios at 1.05 rad · s⁻¹ than males involved in the same sport. However, when H/Q peak torque ratio was assessed at 5.23 rad · s⁻¹, there were no significant differences between the sexes. In the analysis by sport, there were no differences among females at 1.05 rad · s⁻¹. In contrast, male soccer players had significantly higher H/Q peak torque ratios than judokas (66 ± 12% vs. 57 ± 14%, respectively). Female handball players produced significantly lower peak torque ratios at 5.23 rad · s⁻¹ than judokas or soccer players, whereas males presented no ratio differences among sports At 5.23 rad · s⁻¹. In the analysis by velocity, women's muscular ratios assessed at 1.05 rad · s⁻¹ were significantly lower than at 5.23 rad · s⁻¹ for all sports; among men, only judokas presented lower ratios at 1.05 rad · s⁻¹ than at 5.23 rad · s⁻¹. The present results suggest that sport modality and angular velocity influence the isokinetic strength profiles of men and women.

Successive spectrophotometric resolution as a novel technique for the analysis of ternary mixtures of pharmaceuticals

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lotfy, Hayam M.; Tawakkol, Shereen M.; Fahmy, Nesma M.; Shehata, Mostafa A.

2014-03-01

A novel spectrophotometric technique was developed for the simultaneous determination of ternary mixtures, without prior separation steps. This technique was called successive spectrophotometric resolution technique. The technique was based on either the successive ratio subtraction or successive derivative subtraction. The mathematical explanation of the procedure was illustrated. In order to evaluate the applicability of the methods a model data as well as an experimental data were tested. The results from experimental data related to the simultaneous spectrophotometric determination of lidocaine hydrochloride (LH), calcium dobesilate (CD) and dexamethasone acetate (DA); in the presence of hydroquinone (HQ), the degradation product of calcium dobesilate were discussed. The proposed drugs were determined at their maxima 202 nm, 305 nm, 239 nm and 225 nm for LH, CD, DA and HQ respectively; by successive ratio subtraction coupled with constant multiplication method to obtain the zero order absorption spectra, while by applying successive derivative subtraction they were determined at their first derivative spectra at 210 nm for LH, 320 nm or P292-320 for CD, 256 nm or P225-252 for DA and P220-233 for HQ respectively. The calibration curves were linear over the concentration range of 2-20 μg/mL for both LH and DA, 6-50 μg/mL for CD, and 3-40 μg/mL for HQ. The proposed methods were checked using laboratory-prepared mixtures and were successfully applied for the analysis of pharmaceutical formulation containing the cited drugs with no interference from other dosage form additives. The proposed methods were validated according to the ICH guidelines. The obtained results were statistically compared with those of the official BP methods for LH, DA, and CD, and with the official USP method for HQ; using student t-test, F-test, and one way ANOVA, showing no significant difference with respect to accuracy and precision.

Droplet motion in microfluidic networks: Hydrodynamic interactions and pressure-drop measurements

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sessoms, D. A.; Belloul, M.; Engl, W.; Roche, M.; Courbin, L.; Panizza, P.

2009-07-01

We present experimental, numerical, and theoretical studies of droplet flows in hydrodynamic networks. Using both millifluidic and microfluidic devices, we study the partitioning of monodisperse droplets in an asymmetric loop. In both cases, we show that droplet traffic results from the hydrodynamic feedback due to the presence of droplets in the outlet channels. We develop a recently-introduced phenomenological model [W. Engl , Phys. Rev. Lett. 95, 208304 (2005)] and successfully confront its predictions to our experimental results. This approach offers a simple way to measure the excess hydrodynamic resistance of a channel filled with droplets. We discuss the traffic behavior and the variations in the corresponding hydrodynamic resistance length Ld and of the droplet mobility β , as a function of droplet interdistance and confinement for channels having circular or rectangular cross sections.

Composite generalized Langevin equation for Brownian motion in different hydrodynamic and adhesion regimes.

PubMed

Yu, Hsiu-Yu; Eckmann, David M; Ayyaswamy, Portonovo S; Radhakrishnan, Ravi

2015-05-01

We present a composite generalized Langevin equation as a unified framework for bridging the hydrodynamic, Brownian, and adhesive spring forces associated with a nanoparticle at different positions from a wall, namely, a bulklike regime, a near-wall regime, and a lubrication regime. The particle velocity autocorrelation function dictates the dynamical interplay between the aforementioned forces, and our proposed methodology successfully captures the well-known hydrodynamic long-time tail with context-dependent scaling exponents and oscillatory behavior due to the binding interaction. Employing the reactive flux formalism, we analyze the effect of hydrodynamic variables on the particle trajectory and characterize the transient kinetics of a particle crossing a predefined milestone. The results suggest that both wall-hydrodynamic interactions and adhesion strength impact the particle kinetics.

Relativistic hydrodynamics from quantum field theory on the basis of the generalized Gibbs ensemble method

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hayata, Tomoya; Hidaka, Yoshimasa; Noumi, Toshifumi; Hongo, Masaru

2015-09-01

We derive relativistic hydrodynamics from quantum field theories by assuming that the density operator is given by a local Gibbs distribution at initial time. We decompose the energy-momentum tensor and particle current into nondissipative and dissipative parts, and analyze their time evolution in detail. Performing the path-integral formulation of the local Gibbs distribution, we microscopically derive the generating functional for the nondissipative hydrodynamics. We also construct a basis to study dissipative corrections. In particular, we derive the first-order dissipative hydrodynamic equations without a choice of frame such as the Landau-Lifshitz or Eckart frame.

The Green's function in a channel with a sound-absorbing cover in the case of a uniform flow

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sobolev, A. F.

2012-07-01

We study the modal structure of an acoustic field of a point source as function of channel wall admittance in the case of a two-dimensional channel. The characteristic equation for determining the eigen-values corresponding to the boundary problem is studied in the form of this equation's dependence on the admittance, which varies in the entire complex plane. All modes, without exception, existing in the channel and forming the source field are classified based on the obtained topography of the characteristic equation. The expressions that describe the amplitudes and spatial distribution of the hydrodynamic modes, attenuation rate (for stable modes), or increment (for unstable modes) were obtained as functions of the wall admittance and flow velocity. It is shown that in addition to the hydrodynamic unstable modes existing downstream from the source, hydrodynamic unstable modes exist upstream from the source at any admittance. They appear only when the admittance has an elastic character. It is shown that hydrodynamic modes are induced only in the case when the source is located close to the wall or on the wall. The amplitude of these modes decreases exponentially with distance from the wall.

Boreal tree hydrodynamics: asynchronous, diverging, yet complementary.

PubMed

Pappas, Christoforos; Matheny, Ashley M; Baltzer, Jennifer L; Barr, Alan G; Black, T Andrew; Bohrer, Gil; Detto, Matteo; Maillet, Jason; Roy, Alexandre; Sonnentag, Oliver; Stephens, Jilmarie

2018-05-08

Water stress has been identified as a key mechanism of the contemporary increase in tree mortality rates in northwestern North America. However, a detailed analysis of boreal tree hydrodynamics and their interspecific differences is still lacking. Here we examine the hydraulic behaviour of co-occurring larch (Larix laricina) and black spruce (Picea mariana), two characteristic boreal tree species, near the southern limit of the boreal ecozone in central Canada. Sap flux density (Js), concurrently recorded stem radius fluctuations and meteorological conditions are used to quantify tree hydraulic functioning and to scrutinize tree water-use strategies. Our analysis revealed asynchrony in the diel hydrodynamics of the two species with the initial rise in Js occurring 2 h earlier in larch than in black spruce. Interspecific differences in larch and black spruce crown architecture explained the observed asynchrony in their hydraulic functioning. Furthermore, the two species exhibited diverging stomatal regulation strategies with larch and black spruce employing relatively isohydric and anisohydric behaviour, respectively. Such asynchronous and diverging tree-level hydrodynamics provide new insights into the ecosystem-level complementarity in tree form and function, with implications for understanding boreal forests' water and carbon dynamics and their resilience to environmental stress.

Holographic constraints on Bjorken hydrodynamics at finite coupling

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

DiNunno, Brandon S.; Grozdanov, Sašo; Pedraza, Juan F.; Young, Steve

2017-10-01

In large- N c conformal field theories with classical holographic duals, inverse coupling constant corrections are obtained by considering higher-derivative terms in the corresponding gravity theory. In this work, we use type IIB supergravity and bottom-up Gauss-Bonnet gravity to study the dynamics of boost-invariant Bjorken hydrodynamics at finite coupling. We analyze the time-dependent decay properties of non-local observables (scalar two-point functions and Wilson loops) probing the different models of Bjorken flow and show that they can be expressed generically in terms of a few field theory parameters. In addition, our computations provide an analytically quantifiable probe of the coupling-dependent validity of hydrodynamics at early times in a simple model of heavy-ion collisions, which is an observable closely analogous to the hydrodynamization time of a quark-gluon plasma. We find that to third order in the hydrodynamic expansion, the convergence of hydrodynamics is improved and that generically, as expected from field theory considerations and recent holographic results, the applicability of hydrodynamics is delayed as the field theory coupling decreases.

Frequency-dependent hydrodynamic interaction between two solid spheres

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jung, Gerhard; Schmid, Friederike

2017-12-01

Hydrodynamic interactions play an important role in many areas of soft matter science. In simulations with implicit solvent, various techniques such as Brownian or Stokesian dynamics explicitly include hydrodynamic interactions a posteriori by using hydrodynamic diffusion tensors derived from the Stokes equation. However, this equation assumes the interaction to be instantaneous which is an idealized approximation and only valid on long time scales. In the present paper, we go one step further and analyze the time-dependence of hydrodynamic interactions between finite-sized particles in a compressible fluid on the basis of the linearized Navier-Stokes equation. The theoretical results show that at high frequencies, the compressibility of the fluid has a significant impact on the frequency-dependent pair interactions. The predictions of hydrodynamic theory are compared to molecular dynamics simulations of two nanocolloids in a Lennard-Jones fluid. For this system, we reconstruct memory functions by extending the inverse Volterra technique. The simulation data agree very well with the theory, therefore, the theory can be used to implement dynamically consistent hydrodynamic interactions in the increasingly popular field of non-Markovian modeling.

Dynamic density functional theory with hydrodynamic interactions: theoretical development and application in the study of phase separation in gas-liquid systems.

PubMed

Kikkinides, E S; Monson, P A

2015-03-07

Building on recent developments in dynamic density functional theory, we have developed a version of the theory that includes hydrodynamic interactions. This is achieved by combining the continuity and momentum equations eliminating velocity fields, so the resulting model equation contains only terms related to the fluid density and its time and spatial derivatives. The new model satisfies simultaneously continuity and momentum equations under the assumptions of constant dynamic or kinematic viscosity and small velocities and/or density gradients. We present applications of the theory to spinodal decomposition of subcritical temperatures for one-dimensional and three-dimensional density perturbations for both a van der Waals fluid and for a lattice gas model in mean field theory. In the latter case, the theory provides a hydrodynamic extension to the recently studied dynamic mean field theory. We find that the theory correctly describes the transition from diffusive phase separation at short times to hydrodynamic behaviour at long times.

Dynamic density functional theory with hydrodynamic interactions: Theoretical development and application in the study of phase separation in gas-liquid systems

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Kikkinides, E. S.; Monson, P. A.

Building on recent developments in dynamic density functional theory, we have developed a version of the theory that includes hydrodynamic interactions. This is achieved by combining the continuity and momentum equations eliminating velocity fields, so the resulting model equation contains only terms related to the fluid density and its time and spatial derivatives. The new model satisfies simultaneously continuity and momentum equations under the assumptions of constant dynamic or kinematic viscosity and small velocities and/or density gradients. We present applications of the theory to spinodal decomposition of subcritical temperatures for one-dimensional and three-dimensional density perturbations for both a van dermore » Waals fluid and for a lattice gas model in mean field theory. In the latter case, the theory provides a hydrodynamic extension to the recently studied dynamic mean field theory. We find that the theory correctly describes the transition from diffusive phase separation at short times to hydrodynamic behaviour at long times.« less

Trajectories of prosocial behavior from adolescence to early adulthood: associations with personality change.

PubMed

Luengo Kanacri, Bernadette P; Pastorelli, Concetta; Eisenberg, Nancy; Zuffianò, Antonio; Castellani, Valeria; Caprara, Gian Vittorio

2014-07-01

The goal of this study was to identify heterogenic longitudinal patterns of change in prosocial behavior from adolescence to early adulthood and their association with change in Big Five Factor (BFF) personality traits from adolescence until early adulthood. Participants were 573 Italian adolescents aged approximately 13 at the first assessment and 21 at the last assessment. Using growth mixture modeling, low increasing (LI; 18%), medium quadratic (MQ; 26%), and high quadratic (HQ; 54%) trajectories of prosocial behavior were distinguished. Generally, the LI trajectory group predicted an increase in Conscientiousness over time, whereas the HQ trajectory group predicted greater change in Agreeableness and Openness. In addition, positive changes in Conscientiousness, Agreeableness, and Openness between ages 13 and 21 predicted a higher probability of belonging to the HQ prosocial group. Findings support a malleable perspective on personality and identify longterm positive pathways for youths' prosocial development. Copyright © 2014 The Foundation for Professionals in Services for Adolescents. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Does consumption of leafy vegetables grown in peri-urban agriculture pose a risk to human health?

PubMed

Nabulo, G; Black, C R; Craigon, J; Young, S D

2012-03-01

Concentrations of potentially toxic elements were measured in soils and five contrasting tropical leafy vegetables grown in a replicated field trial at five contaminated urban agriculture sites in Kampala City, Uganda. Soil contamination at each site could be tentatively ascribed to known waste disposal practices. There was considerable variation in metal uptake between vegetable types. Washing leafy vegetables reduced chromium and lead concentrations but exogenous contamination of leaves also depended on vegetable type, with Gynandropsis gynandra L. showing a marked tendency to accumulate Pb and Cr. For the worst case scenario of children consuming unwashed vegetables, some metal 'hazard quotient' (HQ) limits (1.0) were violated at four of the five sites studied. For the 25 'site-vegetable' combinations assessed, the HQ for Pb exceeded 1.0 in 36% of cases. A vegetable-specific site screening tool based on soil extraction with 0.01 M CaCl(2) and extrapolation to provide HQ values was assessed. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Recent UAS Developments: VTOL HQ-series Shipboard Recovery and Autonomous Monitoring with MicroQuads

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wardell, L. J.; Farber, A. M.; Douglas, J.

2017-12-01

Ocean research would benefit from reliable shipboard launch and recovery of small class UAS. The vertical take-off and landing (VTOL) system reduces equipment footprint without the need for launchers or recovery systems. The HQ-60 (Latitude Engineering) has demonstrated reliable ship take-off and recovery on a 10x10' area on the R/V Falkor (Schmidt Ocean Institute) and other research vessels. The HQ-60 recently set a record for longest time aloft for a VTOL aircraft, flying nearly 22.5 hours non-stop. To support close-range research, autonomous MicroQuads that "perch" in a protective box that also recharges the aircraft and transmits the data is in development. Recent MicroQuad work with developing high-resolution (<1cm) DEMs using on-board cameras has yielded promising results for the use of surface change detection. Recent USDA development targeted erosion monitoring with this system. The latest updates and testing results for both systems will be presented.

[Potential health risks from consumption of water with arsenic in Colima, Mexico].

PubMed

Mendoza-Cano, Oliver; Sánchez-Piña, Ramón Alberto; Barrón-Quintana, Julián; Cuevas-Arellano, Herguin Benjamin; Escalante-Minakata, Pilar; Solano-Barajas, Ramón

2017-01-01

To estimate potential health risks due to chronic ingestion of arsenic from groundwater in Colima, Mexico. Samples were randomly taken in 36 wells from 10 local aquifers. Analysis was performed by ICP-OES following international standards. Geostatistical interpolation was performed with ArcGIS, implementing a model weighting inverse distance to estimate arsenic routes of exposure and consumption on each locality. The Hazard Quotient Ratio (HQ) and carcinogenic risk (R) for As were estimated. The weighted average HQ for arsenic in Colima is 2.41. There are HQ> 1 values indicating adverse non-cancer health effects by continuous and prolonged intake of water with arsenic, which could affect 183 832 individuals in the state. The risk of developing any type of cancer among the population in this study due to high arsenic concentrations in groundwater (R) is 1.089E-3, which could statistically cause 446 cases of cancer. Current levels of arsenic in groundwater increase carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic human health risks in Colima.

Hydrodynamical analysis of the effect of fish fins morphology

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Azwadi Che Sidik, Nor; Yen, Tey Wah

2013-12-01

The previous works on the biomechanics of fishes focuses on the locomotion effect of the fish bodies. However, there is quite a insufficiency in unveiling the respective function of fins when the fishes pose statics and exposed to fluid flow. Accordingly, this paper's focus is to investigate the hydrodynamic effect of the fins configuration to the fluid flow of shark-shaped-inspired structure. The drag and lift coefficient is computed for different cases of fish fins addition and configuration. The k-epsilon turbulence model is deployed using finite volume method with the aid of commercial software ANSYS CFX. The finding will demystify some of the functions of the fish's fins in term of their contribution to the hydrodynamic flow around the fishes.

Hydrodynamic predictions for 5.44 TeV Xe+Xe collisions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Giacalone, Giuliano; Noronha-Hostler, Jacquelyn; Luzum, Matthew; Ollitrault, Jean-Yves

2018-03-01

We argue that relativistic hydrodynamics is able to make robust predictions for soft particle production in Xe+Xe collisions at the CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC). The change of system size from Pb+Pb to Xe+Xe provides a unique opportunity to test the scaling laws inherent to fluid dynamics. Using event-by-event hydrodynamic simulations, we make quantitative predictions for several observables: mean transverse momentum, anisotropic flow coefficients, and their fluctuations. Results are shown as a function of collision centrality.

Self-Administered Questionnaire Is a Reliable Measure of Coffee Consumption

PubMed Central

Sääksjärvi, Katri; Knekt, Paul; Männistö, Satu; Heliövaara, Markku

2010-01-01

Background The objective of this study was to assess the agreement and repeatability of 2 methods of measuring habitual coffee consumption, and to examine their homogeneity with respect to socioeconomic and lifestyle factors. Methods Data on coffee consumption were collected from 4254 subjects by means of a health questionnaire (HQ) and a 1-year dietary history interview (DHI), the latter of which was used as the reference method during the Finnish Mobile Clinic Health Examination Survey conducted in 1973–1976. Short-term repeatability of the methods was assessed using data from 286 and 93 subjects who repeated the HQ and the DHI, respectively, after an interval of 4 to 8 months. The strength of agreement between the 2 methods and between the repeated measurements was estimated using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs). Results The ICC was 0.86 for the agreement between the HQ and the DHI, and 0.77 and 0.85 for the repeatability of the HQ and the DHI, respectively. There were no statistically significant systematic differences in mean intake values between the 2 methods or between repeated measurements. In subgroup analysis of background variables, there were only minor differences in agreement and repeatability, with somewhat higher ICC values among subjects with a healthier lifestyle and higher education. Conclusions The high reliability and homogeneity of the health questionnaire make it a useful tool for measuring habitual coffee consumption for the purposes of epidemiological research. PMID:20671374

Retrospective and current risks of mercury to panthers in the Florida Everglades.

PubMed

Barron, Mace G; Duvall, Stephanie E; Barron, Kyle J

2004-04-01

Florida panthers are an endangered species inhabiting south Florida. Hg has been suggested as a causative factor for low populations and some reported panther deaths, but a quantitative assessment of risks has never been performed. This study quantitatively evaluated retrospective (pre-1992) and current (2002) risks of chronic dietary Hg exposures to panthers in the Florida Everglades. A probabilistic assessment of Hg risks was performed using a dietary exposure model and Latin Hypercube sampling that incorporated the variability and uncertainty in ingestion rate, diet, body weight, and mercury exposure of panthers. Hazard quotients (HQs) for retrospective risks ranged from less than 0.1-20, with a 46% probability of exceeding chronic dietary thresholds for methylmercury. Retrospective risks of developing clinical symptoms, including ataxia and convulsions, had an HQ range of <0.1-5.4 with a 17% probability of exceeding an HQ of 1. Current risks were substantially lower (4% probability of exceedences; HQ range <0.1-3.5) because of an estimated 70-90% decline in Hg exposure to panthers over the last decade. Under worst case conditions of panthers consuming only raccoons from the most contaminated area of the Everglades, current risks of developing clinical symptoms that may lead to death was 4.6%. Current risks of mercury poisoning of panthers with a diversified diet was 0.1% (HQ range of <0.1-1.4). The results of this assessment indicate that past Hg exposures likely adversely affected panthers in the Everglades, but current risks of Hg are low.

Cardioprotection by modulation of mitochondrial respiration during ischemia–reperfusion: Role of apoptosis-inducing factor

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Xu, Aijun; Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030; Szczepanek, Karol

Highlights: •Blockade of electron transport prevents the loss of AIF from mitochondria during IR. •Blockade of electron transport decreases caspase-independent cell death during IR. •Mitochondrial AIF content is down-regulated in Harlequin mice. •Blockade of electron transport protects Harlequin mouse hearts during IR. •Amobarbital protection is partially dependent on mitochondrial AIF content. -- Abstract: The transient, reversible blockade of electron transport (BET) during ischemia or at the onset of reperfusion protects mitochondria and decreases cardiac injury. Apoptosis inducing factor (AIF) is located within the mitochondrial intermembrane space. A release of AIF from mitochondria into cytosol and nucleus triggers caspase-independent cell death.more » We asked if BET prevents the loss of AIF from mitochondria as a mechanism of protection in the buffer perfused heart. BET during ischemia with amobarbital, a rapidly reversible inhibitor of mitochondrial complex I, attenuated a release of AIF from mitochondria into cytosol, in turn decreasing the formation of cleaved and activated PARP-1. These results suggest that BET-mediated protection may occur through prevention of the loss of AIF from mitochondria during ischemia–reperfusion. In order to further clarify the role of mitochondrial AIF in BET-mediated protection, Harlequin (Hq) mice, a genetic model with mitochondrial AIF deficiency, were used to test whether BET could still decrease cell injury in Hq mouse hearts during reperfusion. BET during ischemia protected Hq mouse hearts against ischemia–reperfusion injury and improved mitochondrial function in these hearts during reperfusion. Thus, cardiac injury can still be decreased in the presence of down-regulated mitochondrial AIF content. Taken together, BET during ischemia protects both hearts with normal mitochondrial AIF content and hearts with mitochondrial AIF deficiency. Although preservation of mitochondrial AIF content plays a key role in reducing cell injury during reperfusion, the protection derived from the BET is not fully dependent on AIF-driven mechanisms.« less

Death Spiral: Luftwaffe Airlift Training, Operation Stosser, and Lessons for the Mordern U.S. Air Force

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-05-22

long substitute, Pilot Check-Out ( PCO ), which re-taught the basics of air refueling and assault-zone landings as a "top­ off’ course. While some cost...saving occurred the failure rates and poor performance ofnew students at PIQ and PCO forced changes in the program. 132 Reoccurring failures reduced...AFB, TX: HQ AETC/A3ZM, February 2013. ---.Air Education and Training Command Syllabus C-17 Pilot Checkout ( PCO ). Randolph AFB, TX: HQ AETC/A3ZM

Biofuel Pilot at St. Juliens Creek and Proposed NAVFAC Policy on Use of Biofuel In Heating Boilers

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-09-01

Engineering and Expeditionary Warfare Center (NAVFAC EXWC) was tasked by NAVFAC HQ with facilitating a pilot study on the use of B20 Biodiesel (20...by NAVFAC HQ with facilitating a pilot study on the use of B20 Biodiesel (20 % biofuel mixed with 80 % fossil fuel oil hereafter referred to as B20...renewable) attributes of B20 as compared to conventional fossil fuel oil, and the ease of boiler and fuel system conversion to the biodiesel fuel

Ideal hydrodynamics and elliptic flow at CERN Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS) energies: Importance of the initial conditions

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Petersen, Hannah; Institut fuer Theoretische Physik, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universitaet, Max-von-Laue-Str. 1, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main; Bleicher, Marcus

2009-05-15

The elliptic flow excitation function calculated in a full (3+1) dimensional hybrid Boltzmann approach with an intermediate hydrodynamic stage for heavy ion reactions from GSI Schwerionen Synchrotron to the highest CERN Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS) energies is discussed in the context of the experimental data. In this study, we employ a hadron gas equation of state to investigate the differences in the dynamics and viscosity effects. The specific event-by-event setup with initial conditions and freeze-out from a nonequilibrium transport model allows for a direct comparison between ideal fluid dynamics and transport simulations. At higher SPS energies, where the pure transportmore » calculation cannot account for the high elliptic flow values, the smaller mean free path in the hydrodynamic evolution leads to higher elliptic flow values. In contrast to previous studies within pure hydrodynamics, the more realistic initial conditions employed here and the inclusion of a sequential final state hadronic decoupling provides results that are in line with the experimental data almost over the whole energy range from E{sub lab}=2-160A GeV. Thus, this new approach leads to a substantially different shape of the v{sub 2}/{epsilon} scaling curve as a function of (1/SdN{sub ch}/dy) in line with the experimental data compared to previous ideal hydrodynamic calculations. This hints at a strong influence of the initial conditions for the hydrodynamic evolution on the finally observed v{sub 2} values, thus questioning the standard interpretation that the hydrodynamic limit is only reached at BNL Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider energies.« less

Exploring the Feasibility of Developing an Automated Work Estimation System for the Air Force Communications Command Engineering and Installation Function.

DTIC Science & Technology

1983-09-01

tion of common pins (26:10). However, except for work done by Charles Babbage in the 1800s, the real development of time study methods and...these standards is not. Charles Day (12:61), in a recent article, conveyed that the science of work management has been hampered by the inordinate...A103238. 11. Conner, Eva. HQ AFCC/EPCP, Scott AFB IL. Personal interview. 21 January 1983. 115 12. Day, Charles R. "Solving the Mystery of

Dissipative quantum hydrodynamics model of x-ray Thomson scattering in dense plasmas

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Diaw, Abdourahmane; Murillo, Michael

2017-10-01

X-ray Thomson scattering (XRTS) provides detailed diagnostic information about dense plasma experiments. The inferences made rely on an accurate model for the form factor, which is typically expressed in terms of a well-known response function. Here, we develop an alternate approach based on quantum hydrodynamics using a viscous form of dynamical density functional theory. This approach is shown to include the equation of state self-consistently, including sum rules, as well as irreversibility arising from collisions. This framework is used to generate a model for the scattering spectrum, and it offers an avenue for measuring hydrodynamic properties, such as transport coefficients, using XRTS. This work was supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (Grant No. FA9550-12-1-0344).

How does variation in rainfall affect simulated tropical tree mortality, functional diversity and coexistence?

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Powell, T.; Kueppers, L. M.; Koven, C.; Johnson, D. J.; Faybishenko, B.; McDowell, N. G.; Chambers, J. Q.

2016-12-01

Land surface models that include demographic and plant hydrodynamic processes are promising tools for characterizing how different drought scenarios may affect carbon cycling of tropical forests. The Ecosystem Demography (ED2) model, now formulated with such features, was used to evaluate how different drought scenarios affect mortality patterns, functional diversity and coexistence of four plant functional types (PFTs) of tropical trees at Barro Colorado Island (BCI), Panama. The four PFTs simulated were early- versus late-successional groups subdivided into drought-tolerant versus -intolerant groups. The hydrodynamic formulation enables the four PFTs to compete mechanistically along two largely orthogonal resource gradients of water and light. The model simulations produced considerable differences in the aboveground biomass response to contrasting drying scenarios that included longer dry seasons, El Nino related droughts, and drier dry seasons. The emergent mortality dynamics reflect the physiological trade-off between water-use and carbon fixation formulated by the hydrodynamic regulation over stomatal conductance. During dry periods, the model predicts increased mortality rates of pioneer trees compared to generalists and drought-intolerant trees compared to -tolerant trees. The model also predicts that surviving cohorts in the smallest size classes of drought-intolerant trees are occasionally primed for release from competition following acute droughts. Observations at BCI showed increased mortality rates for large trees (i.e. >30 cm dbh) during the 1982 El Nino drought, but not subsequent El Nino related droughts. The causes of the elevated mortality rates are explored with the model. Coexistence of four plant functional types in the model is highly sensitive to the parameterization of stem hydraulic conductivity; but, surprisingly not very sensitive to shifts in rainfall patterns. These results demonstrate (a) that plant hydrodynamics are critical for simulating dynamic mortality patterns between drought-tolerant and -intolerant PFTs in order to increase representation of functional diversity in land surface models, and (b) that more demographic, plant hydraulic and deeper soil moisture observations are required to constrain hydrodynamic parameter selection.

Assessing dietary exposure to cadmium in a metal recycling community in Vietnam: age and gender aspects.

PubMed

Ngo, Duc Minh; Hough, Rupert Lloyd; Le, Thi Thuy; Nyberg, Ylva; Le, Bach Mai; Nguyen, Cong Vinh; Nguyen, Manh Khai; Oborn, Ingrid

2012-02-01

This study estimates the dietary exposure to cadmium (Cd), and associated potential health risks, for individuals living and working in a metal recycling community (n=132) in Vietnam in comparison to an agricultural (reference) community (n=130). Individual-level exposure to Cd was estimated through analysis of staple foodstuffs combined with information from a food frequency questionnaire. Individual-level exposure estimates were compared with published 'safe' doses to derive a Hazard Quotient (HQ) for each member of the study population. Looking at the populations as a whole, there were no significant differences in the diets of the two villages. However, significantly more rice was consumed by working age adults (18-60 years) in the recycling village compared to the reference village (p<0.001). Rice was the main staple food with individuals consuming 461±162g/d, followed by water spinach (103±51kg/d). Concentrations of Cd in the studied foodstuffs were elevated in the metal recycling village. Values of HQ exceeded unity for 87% of adult participants of the metal recycling community (39% had a HQ>3), while 20% of adult participants from the reference village had an HQ>1. We found an elevated health risk from dietary exposure to Cd in the metal recycling village compared to the reference community. WHO standard of 0.4mg Cd/kg rice may not be protective where people consume large amounts of rice/have relatively low body weight. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Halogenated quinolines bearing polar functionality at the 2-position: Identification of new antibacterial agents with enhanced activity against Staphylococcus epidermidis.

PubMed

Basak, Akash; Abouelhassan, Yasmeen; Kim, Young S; Norwood, Verrill M; Jin, Shouguang; Huigens, Robert W

2018-06-19

Antibiotic-resistant bacteria and surface-attached biofilms continue to play a significant role in human health and disease. Innovative strategies are needed to identify new therapeutic leads to tackle infections of drug-resistant and tolerant bacteria. We synthesized a focused library of 14 new halogenated quinolines to investigate the impact of ClogP values on antibacterial and biofilm-eradication activities. During these investigations, we found select polar appendages at the 2-position of the HQ scaffold were more well-tolerated than others. We were delighted to see multiple compounds display enhanced activities against the major human pathogen S. epidermidis. In particular, HQ 2 (ClogP = 3.44) demonstrated enhanced activities against MRSE 35984 planktonic cells (MIC = 0.59 μM) compared to MRSA and VRE strains in addition to potent MRSE biofilm eradication activities (MBEC = 2.35 μM). Several of the halogenated quinolines identified here reported low cytotoxicity against HeLa cells with minimal hemolytic activity against red blood cells. We believe that halogenated quinoline small molecules could play an important role in the development of next-generation antibacterial therapeutics capable of targeting and eradicating biofilm-associated infections. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.

DeoxyArbutin: a novel reversible tyrosinase inhibitor with effective in vivo skin lightening potency.

PubMed

Boissy, Raymond E; Visscher, Marty; DeLong, Mitchell A

2005-08-01

Modulation of melanogenesis in the melanocytes can be achieved using chemicals that share structural homologies with the substrate tyrosine and as thus competitively inhibit the catalytic function of tyrosinase. We have developed a new tyrosinase inhibitor, deoxyArbutin (dA), based on this premise. DeoxyArbutin demonstrates effective inhibition of mushroom tyrosinase in vitro with a Ki that is 10-fold lower that hydroquinone (HQ) and 350-fold lower than arbutin. In a hairless, pigmented guinea pig model, dA demonstrated rapid and sustained skin lightening that was completely reversible within 8 weeks after halt in topical application. In contrast, HQ induced a short but unsustained skin lightening effect whereas kojic acid and arbutin exhibit no skin lightening effect. Results from a panel of safety tests supported the overall establishment of dA as an actionable molecule. In a human clinical trial, topical treatment of dA for 12 weeks resulted in a significant or slight reduction in overall skin lightness and improvement of solar lentigines in a population of light skin or dark skin individuals, respectively. These data demonstrate that dA has potential tyrosinase inhibitory activity that can result in skin lightening and may be used to ameliorate hyperpigmentary lesions.

Aspects of hot Galilean field theory

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jensen, Kristan

2015-04-01

We reconsider general aspects of Galilean-invariant thermal field theory. Using the proposal of our companion paper, we recast non-relativistic hydrodynamics in a manifestly covariant way and couple it to a background spacetime. We examine the concomitant consequences for the thermal partition functions of Galilean theories on a time-independent, but weakly curved background. We work out both the hydrodynamics and partition functions in detail for the example of parity-violating normal fluids in two dimensions to first order in the gradient expansion, finding results that differ from those previously reported in the literature. As for relativistic field theories, the equality-type constraints imposed by the existence of an entropy current appear to be in one-to-one correspondence with those arising from the existence of a hydrostatic partition function. Along the way, we obtain a number of useful results about non-relativistic hydrodynamics, including a manifestly boost-invariant presentation thereof, simplified Ward identities, the systematics of redefinitions of the fluid variables, and the positivity of entropy production.

A hydrodynamic approach to cosmology - Texture-seeded cold dark matter and hot dark matter cosmogonies

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Cen, R. Y.; Ostriker, J. P.; Spergel, D. N.; Turok, N.

1991-01-01

Hydrodynamical simulations of galaxy formation in a texture-seeded cosmology are presented, with attention given to Omega = 1 galaxies dominated by both hot dark matter (HDM) and cold dark matter (CDM). The simulations include both gravitational and hydrodynamical physics with a detailed treatment of collisional and radiative thermal processes, and use a cooling criterion to estimate galaxy formation. Background radiation fields and Zel'dovich-Sunyaev fluctuations are explicitly computed. The derived galaxy mass function is well fitted by the observed Schechter luminosity function for a baryonic M/L of 3 and total M/L of 60 in galaxies. In both HDM and CDM texture scenarios, the 'galaxies' and 'clusters' are significantly more strongly correlated than the dark matter due to physical bias processes. The slope of the correlation function in both cases is consistent with observations. In contrast to Gaussian models, peaks in the dark matter density distributrion are less correlated than average.

Great hammerhead sharks swim on their side to reduce transport costs

PubMed Central

Payne, Nicholas L.; Iosilevskii, Gil; Barnett, Adam; Fischer, Chris; Graham, Rachel T.; Gleiss, Adrian C.; Watanabe, Yuuki Y.

2016-01-01

Animals exhibit various physiological and behavioural strategies for minimizing travel costs. Fins of aquatic animals play key roles in efficient travel and, for sharks, the functions of dorsal and pectoral fins are considered well divided: the former assists propulsion and generates lateral hydrodynamic forces during turns and the latter generates vertical forces that offset sharks' negative buoyancy. Here we show that great hammerhead sharks drastically reconfigure the function of these structures, using an exaggerated dorsal fin to generate lift by swimming rolled on their side. Tagged wild sharks spend up to 90% of time swimming at roll angles between 50° and 75°, and hydrodynamic modelling shows that doing so reduces drag—and in turn, the cost of transport—by around 10% compared with traditional upright swimming. Employment of such a strongly selected feature for such a unique purpose raises interesting questions about evolutionary pathways to hydrodynamic adaptations, and our perception of form and function. PMID:27457414

Generalized hydrodynamic correlations and fractional memory functions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rodríguez, Rosalio F.; Fujioka, Jorge

2015-12-01

A fractional generalized hydrodynamic (GH) model of the longitudinal velocity fluctuations correlation, and its associated memory function, for a complex fluid is analyzed. The adiabatic elimination of fast variables introduces memory effects in the transport equations, and the dynamic of the fluctuations is described by a generalized Langevin equation with long-range noise correlations. These features motivate the introduction of Caputo time fractional derivatives and allows us to calculate analytic expressions for the fractional longitudinal velocity correlation function and its associated memory function. Our analysis eliminates a spurious constant term in the non-fractional memory function found in the non-fractional description. It also produces a significantly slower power-law decay of the memory function in the GH regime that reduces to the well-known exponential decay in the non-fractional Navier-Stokes limit.

Far-from-equilibrium attractors and nonlinear dynamical systems approach to the Gubser flow

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Behtash, Alireza; Cruz-Camacho, C. N.; Martinez, M.

2018-02-01

The nonequilibrium attractors of systems undergoing Gubser flow within relativistic kinetic theory are studied. In doing so we employ well-established methods of nonlinear dynamical systems which rely on finding the fixed points, investigating the structure of the flow diagrams of the evolution equations, and characterizing the basin of attraction using a Lyapunov function near the stable fixed points. We obtain the attractors of anisotropic hydrodynamics, Israel-Stewart (IS) and transient fluid (DNMR) theories and show that they are indeed nonplanar and the basin of attraction is essentially three dimensional. The attractors of each hydrodynamical model are compared with the one obtained from the exact Gubser solution of the Boltzmann equation within the relaxation time approximation. We observe that the anisotropic hydrodynamics is able to match up to high numerical accuracy the attractor of the exact solution while the second-order hydrodynamical theories fail to describe it. We show that the IS and DNMR asymptotic series expansions diverge and use resurgence techniques to perform the resummation of these divergences. We also comment on a possible link between the manifold of steepest descent paths in path integrals and the basin of attraction for the attractors via Lyapunov functions that opens a new horizon toward an effective field theory description of hydrodynamics. Our findings indicate that the reorganization of the expansion series carried out by anisotropic hydrodynamics resums the Knudsen and inverse Reynolds numbers to all orders and thus, it can be understood as an effective theory for the far-from-equilibrium fluid dynamics.

Effects of wing flexibility and variable air lift upon wing bending moment during landing impacts of a small seaplane

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Merten, Kenneth F; Beck, Edgar B

1951-01-01

A smooth-water-landing investigation was conducted with a small seaplane to obtain experimental wing-bending-moment time histories together with time histories of the various parameters necessary for the prediction of wing bending moments during hydrodynamic forcing functions. The experimental results were compared with calculated results which include inertia-load effects and the effects of air-load variation during impact. The responses of the fundamental mode were calculated with the use of the measured hydrodynamic forcing functions. From these responses, the wing bending moments due to the hydrodynamic load were calculated according to the procedure given in R.M. No. 2221. The comparison of the time histories of the experimental and calculated wing bending moments showed good agreement both in phase relationship of the oscillations and in numerical values.

Universal hydrodynamic flow in holographic planar shock collisions

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Chesler, Paul M.; Kilbertus, Niki; van der Schee, Wilke

2015-11-20

We study the collision of planar shock waves in AdS 5 as a function of shock profile. In the dual field theory the shock waves describe planar sheets of energy whose collision results in the formation of a plasma which behaves hydrodynamically at late times. We find that the post-collision stress tensor near the light cone exhibits transient non-universal behavior which depends on both the shock width and the precise functional form of the shock profile. However, over a large range of shock widths, including those which yield qualitative different behavior near the future light cone, and for different shockmore » profiles, we find universal behavior in the subsequent hydrodynamic evolution. In addition, we compute the rapidity distribution of produced particles and find it to be well described by a Gaussian.« less

Report to Congress on Sustainable Ranges, 2012

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-05-01

4ID AVN BDE HQ, 41st Fires BDE, 4th Sustainment BDE, 7-158 AVN (-), 6-52 AVN (-), 11th MP BN, 308th MI BDE, 21st Cavalry BDE (Air Combat), TF Odin, 1st...Army Division West HQ, 120 Infantry BDE, 166th AVN , 479 FA BDE, 407 AFSB, 901 SPT BN, 15th Sustainment BDE, 36th EN BDE, 89th MP BDE, 57th SIG BDE...1st Maneuver Enhancement Brigade; 162nd Infantry Training Brigade; the JRTC Operations Group; the 115th CSH and the 5th AVN BN. Home station unit

Engineering from the Sea: Establishing How Australian Army Engineers Fit into Australia’s Amphibious Concept

DTIC Science & Technology

2011-03-16

as a Geospatial Technician ( Geotech ). Specialist ( 4) TpHQ (1:4) Manning: 1 Offr : 45 Enlisted EODDet (2) Lane metres: 127.0 2xEDDteams Plus: I I...CAPT and Geotech with CT HQ I I I I L CE Sect- Mech (0:10) CE Sect- Mech (0:10) CE Sect - Light (0:8) Support Sect (0:9) M113AS4 Armoured...such as asbestos. An RAE Captain is included in the JTF Headquarters, as well as a Geotech . It is also more than likely that a technically qualified

Cost and Operational Effectiveness Analysis (COEA) for the Lightweight Water Purifier (LWP).

DTIC Science & Technology

1996-03-11

HIL- ENEME , CA 93043-4328 HQ USAF/XORD, 1480 AIRFORCE PENTAGON, WASH[NGTON, DC 20330-1480 HQ ACC/CEX (ATTN-: MR. FISHER), 129 ANDREWS ST, STE 102...2014 50 2015 50 2016 50 2017 50 2018 50 2019 50 2020 50 2021 50 2022 0 S50 50 1000ROWPU-yrs 4. Initial Deployment of the 600 GPH ROWPU for Special...OPERATIONS FORCES (SOF) 07/11/95 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 1.0 RDT&E-FUNDED ELEMENTS 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.01 DEVELOPMENT

United States Air Force F-35A Operational Basing Environmental Impact Statement. Appendix E: Comments

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-09-01

Germanos, Nicholas M Civ USAF HQ ACC/A7NS From: Sent: To: Subject: Hi Leo Ioannou Wednesday, July 10, 2013 11:28 AM Germanos, Nicholas M Civ USAF HQ...we have them here . And the F35s, even if they are louder, I would not mind them either. Remember . Keep the F35s coming. SOUND OF FREEDOM Leo ...34 Explaining further, Reuters reported that: uThose a re the dates that Loc kheed Martin’s F-35 will achieve <http://articles.chicagotribune.com/2013-05

[Pollution characteristics and health risk assessment of heavy metals in PM(2.5) in Lanzhou].

PubMed

Wei, Q Z; Li, S; Jia, Q; Luo, B; Su, L M; Liu, Q; Yuan, X R; Wang, Y H; Ruan, Y; Niu, J P

2018-06-06

Objective: To understand the pollution characteristics and assess the pollution health risks of heavy metals in atmospheric PM(2.5) in Lanzhou. Methods: According to the regional characteristics of air pollution and industrial distribution characteristics in Lanzhou, atmospheric PM(2.5) was sampled monthly in Chengguan and Xigu Districts from January, 2015 to December, 2016. Detected the concentration of PM(2.5) and 12 kinds of elements (Sb, Al, As, Be, Cd, Cr, Hg, Pb, Mn, Ni, Se and Tl) by weighing method and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Enrichment factor and geo-accumulation index were used to describe the pollution characteristics, while health risk assessment was conducted using the recommended United States Environmental Protection Agency (USA EPA) model. The health risks of non-carcinogens were evaluated by non-cancer hazard quotient (HQ), the non-carcinogenic risk was considered to be negligible when HQ<1, HQ>1 meant a health risk. With a single contaminant cancer Risk value to evaluate the health risks of carcinogens, when the Risk value between 10(-6) to10(-4) as an acceptable level. Results: The daily average concentrations of PM(2.5) was 83.0 μg/m(3), 77.0 μg/m(3) in Chengguan and Xigu Districts, respectively, during the sampling periods, and the concentration of PM(2.5) in winter/spring was higher than summer/fall in both districts. The concentration of Al in PM(2.5) was the highest and other elements in descending order: Pb, Mn, As, Sb/Cd, Tl in both districts. Enrichment factor results showed that Al and Mn were mainly affected by natural factors, the rest of five elements were all typical man-made pollution elements and according to geo-accumulation index pollution level of Cd was the strongest in the winter. The results of health risk assessment showed that Mn had the highest non-cancer risks (HQ>1) and affected the health of the children seriously. HQ reached up to 2.44 and 1.79 in Chengguan and Xigu Districts, respectively. Pb, As, Sb, Cd had slight health impact (HQ<1), could be negligible. The cancer risks range of As, Cr were 6.33×10(-6) to 6.46×10(-5) between the acceptable level of risk (10(-6) to 10(-4)), which indicated that As and Cd had potential cancer-risks. Conclusions: The pollution level of atmospheric PM(2.5) and the heavy metals in it was still grim;the non-cancer risks caused by multiple metals on children deserved attention. Although the cancer risks of As and Cd were between the acceptable level of risk, the potential cancer risk still shall not be ignored.

A Bullet Fired in Dry Water: An Investigative Activity to Learn Hydrodynamics Concepts

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Leitão, Ulisses Azevedo; dos Anjos Pinheiro da Silva, Antonio; Trindade do Nascimento, Natália Cristina; da Cruz Gervásio, Lilian Mara Benedita

2017-01-01

In this paper we report an investigative activity on hydrodynamics, in the context of an inquiry-based learning project. The aim is to analyse the experiment of a bullet shot underwater. Using "Tracker," a video analysing and modelling software, the displacement of the bullet was measured as function of time, processing a slow motion…

Hydrodynamics of confined colloidal fluids in two dimensions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sané, Jimaan; Padding, Johan T.; Louis, Ard A.

2009-05-01

We apply a hybrid molecular dynamics and mesoscopic simulation technique to study the dynamics of two-dimensional colloidal disks in confined geometries. We calculate the velocity autocorrelation functions and observe the predicted t-1 long-time hydrodynamic tail that characterizes unconfined fluids, as well as more complex oscillating behavior and negative tails for strongly confined geometries. Because the t-1 tail of the velocity autocorrelation function is cut off for longer times in finite systems, the related diffusion coefficient does not diverge but instead depends logarithmically on the overall size of the system. The Langevin equation gives a poor approximation to the velocity autocorrelation function at both short and long times.

Flow Visualization and Pattern Formation in Vertically Falling Liquid Films

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Balakotaiah, Vemuri; Malamataris, Nikolaos

2008-11-01

Analytical results of a low-dimensional two equation h-q model and results of a direct numerical simulation of the transient two-dimensional Navier Stokes equations are presented for vertically falling liquid films along a solid wall. The numerical study aims at the elucidation of the hydrodynamics of the falling film. The analytical study aims at the calculation of the parameter space where pattern formation occurs for this flow. It has been found that when the wave amplitude exceeds a certain magnitude, flow reversal occurs in the film underneath the minimum of the waves [1]. The instantaneous vortical structures possess two hyperbolic points on the vertical wall and an elliptic point in the film. As the wave amplitude increases further, the elliptic point reaches the free surface of the film and two more hyperbolic points are formed in the free surface that replace the elliptic point. Between the two hyperbolic points on the free surface, the streamwise component of velocity is negative and the film is divided into asymmetric patterns of up and down flows. Depending on the value of the Kapitza number, these patterns are either stationary or oscillatory. Physical reasons for the influence of the Kapitza number on pattern formation are given. Movies are shown where the pattern formation is demonstrated. [1] N.A.Malamataris and V.Balakotaiah (2008), AIChE J., 54(7), p. 1725-1740

Pair mobility functions for rigid spheres in concentrated colloidal dispersions: Force, torque, translation, and rotation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zia, Roseanna N.; Swan, James W.; Su, Yu

2015-12-01

The formulation of detailed models for the dynamics of condensed soft matter including colloidal suspensions and other complex fluids requires accurate description of the physical forces between microstructural constituents. In dilute suspensions, pair-level interactions are sufficient to capture hydrodynamic, interparticle, and thermodynamic forces. In dense suspensions, many-body interactions must be considered. Prior analytical approaches to capturing such interactions such as mean-field approaches replace detailed interactions with averaged approximations. However, long-range coupling and effects of concentration on local structure, which may play an important role in, e.g., phase transitions, are smeared out in such approaches. An alternative to such approximations is the detailed modeling of hydrodynamic interactions utilizing precise couplings between moments of the hydrodynamic traction on a suspended particle and the motion of that or other suspended particles. For two isolated spheres, a set of these functions was calculated by Jeffrey and Onishi [J. Fluid Mech. 139, 261-290 (1984)] and Jeffrey [J. Phys. Fluids 4, 16-29 (1992)]. Along with pioneering work by Batchelor, these are the touchstone for low-Reynolds-number hydrodynamic interactions and have been applied directly in the solution of many important problems related to the dynamics of dilute colloidal dispersions [G. K. Batchelor and J. T. Green, J. Fluid Mech. 56, 375-400 (1972) and G. K. Batchelor, J. Fluid Mech. 74, 1-29 (1976)]. Toward extension of these functions to concentrated systems, here we present a new stochastic sampling technique to rapidly calculate an analogous set of mobility functions describing the hydrodynamic interactions between two hard spheres immersed in a suspension of arbitrary concentration, utilizing accelerated Stokesian dynamics simulations. These mobility functions provide precise, radially dependent couplings of hydrodynamic force and torque to particle translation and rotation, for arbitrary colloid volume fraction ϕ. The pair mobilities (describing entrainment of one particle by the disturbance flow created by another) decay slowly with separation distance: as 1/r, for volume fractions 0.05 ≤ ϕ ≤ 0.5. For the relative mobility, we find an initially rapid growth as a pair separates, followed by a slow, 1/r growth. Up to ϕ ≤ 0.4, the relative mobility does not reached the far-field value even beyond separations of many particle sizes. In the case of ϕ = 0.5, the far-field asymptote is reached but only at a separation of eight radii and after a slow 1/r growth. At these higher concentrations, the coefficients also reveal liquid-like structural effects on pair mobility at close separations. These results confirm that long-range many-body hydrodynamic interactions are an essential part of the dynamics of concentrated systems and that care must be taken when applying renormalization schemes.

Pair mobility functions for rigid spheres in concentrated colloidal dispersions: Force, torque, translation, and rotation.

PubMed

Zia, Roseanna N; Swan, James W; Su, Yu

2015-12-14

The formulation of detailed models for the dynamics of condensed soft matter including colloidal suspensions and other complex fluids requires accurate description of the physical forces between microstructural constituents. In dilute suspensions, pair-level interactions are sufficient to capture hydrodynamic, interparticle, and thermodynamic forces. In dense suspensions, many-body interactions must be considered. Prior analytical approaches to capturing such interactions such as mean-field approaches replace detailed interactions with averaged approximations. However, long-range coupling and effects of concentration on local structure, which may play an important role in, e.g., phase transitions, are smeared out in such approaches. An alternative to such approximations is the detailed modeling of hydrodynamic interactions utilizing precise couplings between moments of the hydrodynamic traction on a suspended particle and the motion of that or other suspended particles. For two isolated spheres, a set of these functions was calculated by Jeffrey and Onishi [J. Fluid Mech. 139, 261-290 (1984)] and Jeffrey [J. Phys. Fluids 4, 16-29 (1992)]. Along with pioneering work by Batchelor, these are the touchstone for low-Reynolds-number hydrodynamic interactions and have been applied directly in the solution of many important problems related to the dynamics of dilute colloidal dispersions [G. K. Batchelor and J. T. Green, J. Fluid Mech. 56, 375-400 (1972) and G. K. Batchelor, J. Fluid Mech. 74, 1-29 (1976)]. Toward extension of these functions to concentrated systems, here we present a new stochastic sampling technique to rapidly calculate an analogous set of mobility functions describing the hydrodynamic interactions between two hard spheres immersed in a suspension of arbitrary concentration, utilizing accelerated Stokesian dynamics simulations. These mobility functions provide precise, radially dependent couplings of hydrodynamic force and torque to particle translation and rotation, for arbitrary colloid volume fraction ϕ. The pair mobilities (describing entrainment of one particle by the disturbance flow created by another) decay slowly with separation distance: as 1/r, for volume fractions 0.05 ≤ ϕ ≤ 0.5. For the relative mobility, we find an initially rapid growth as a pair separates, followed by a slow, 1/r growth. Up to ϕ ≤ 0.4, the relative mobility does not reached the far-field value even beyond separations of many particle sizes. In the case of ϕ = 0.5, the far-field asymptote is reached but only at a separation of eight radii and after a slow 1/r growth. At these higher concentrations, the coefficients also reveal liquid-like structural effects on pair mobility at close separations. These results confirm that long-range many-body hydrodynamic interactions are an essential part of the dynamics of concentrated systems and that care must be taken when applying renormalization schemes.

Pair mobility functions for rigid spheres in concentrated colloidal dispersions: Force, torque, translation, and rotation

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Zia, Roseanna N., E-mail: zia@cbe.cornell.edu; Su, Yu; Swan, James W.

2015-12-14

The formulation of detailed models for the dynamics of condensed soft matter including colloidal suspensions and other complex fluids requires accurate description of the physical forces between microstructural constituents. In dilute suspensions, pair-level interactions are sufficient to capture hydrodynamic, interparticle, and thermodynamic forces. In dense suspensions, many-body interactions must be considered. Prior analytical approaches to capturing such interactions such as mean-field approaches replace detailed interactions with averaged approximations. However, long-range coupling and effects of concentration on local structure, which may play an important role in, e.g., phase transitions, are smeared out in such approaches. An alternative to such approximations ismore » the detailed modeling of hydrodynamic interactions utilizing precise couplings between moments of the hydrodynamic traction on a suspended particle and the motion of that or other suspended particles. For two isolated spheres, a set of these functions was calculated by Jeffrey and Onishi [J. Fluid Mech. 139, 261–290 (1984)] and Jeffrey [J. Phys. Fluids 4, 16–29 (1992)]. Along with pioneering work by Batchelor, these are the touchstone for low-Reynolds-number hydrodynamic interactions and have been applied directly in the solution of many important problems related to the dynamics of dilute colloidal dispersions [G. K. Batchelor and J. T. Green, J. Fluid Mech. 56, 375–400 (1972) and G. K. Batchelor, J. Fluid Mech. 74, 1–29 (1976)]. Toward extension of these functions to concentrated systems, here we present a new stochastic sampling technique to rapidly calculate an analogous set of mobility functions describing the hydrodynamic interactions between two hard spheres immersed in a suspension of arbitrary concentration, utilizing accelerated Stokesian dynamics simulations. These mobility functions provide precise, radially dependent couplings of hydrodynamic force and torque to particle translation and rotation, for arbitrary colloid volume fraction ϕ. The pair mobilities (describing entrainment of one particle by the disturbance flow created by another) decay slowly with separation distance: as 1/r, for volume fractions 0.05 ≤ ϕ ≤ 0.5. For the relative mobility, we find an initially rapid growth as a pair separates, followed by a slow, 1/r growth. Up to ϕ ≤ 0.4, the relative mobility does not reached the far-field value even beyond separations of many particle sizes. In the case of ϕ = 0.5, the far-field asymptote is reached but only at a separation of eight radii and after a slow 1/r growth. At these higher concentrations, the coefficients also reveal liquid-like structural effects on pair mobility at close separations. These results confirm that long-range many-body hydrodynamic interactions are an essential part of the dynamics of concentrated systems and that care must be taken when applying renormalization schemes.« less

Hydrodynamic dispersion of microswimmers in suspension

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Martin, Matthieu; Rafaï, Salima; Peyla, Philippe

2014-11-01

In our laboratory, we study hydrodynamics of suspensions of micro-swimmers. These micro-organisms are unicellular algae Chlamydomonas Rheinhardii which are able to swim by using their flagella. The swimming dynamics of these micro-swimmers can be seen as a random walk, in absence of any kind of interaction. In addition, these algae have the property of being phototactic, i.e. they swim towards the light. Combining this property with a hydrodynamic flow, we were able to reversibly separate algae from the rest of the fluid. But for sufficiently high volume fraction, these active particles interact with each other. We are now interested in how the coupling of hydrodynamic interactions between swimmers and phototaxis can modify the swimming dynamics at the scale of the suspension. To this aim, we conduct experiments in microfluidic devices to study the dispersion of the micro-organisms in a the liquid phase as a function of the volume fraction. We show that the dispersion of an assembly of puller type microswimmers is quantitatively affected by hydrodynamics interactions. Phd student.

An Analog Macroscopic Technique for Studying Molecular Hydrodynamic Processes in Dense Gases and Liquids.

PubMed

Dahlberg, Jerry; Tkacik, Peter T; Mullany, Brigid; Fleischhauer, Eric; Shahinian, Hossein; Azimi, Farzad; Navare, Jayesh; Owen, Spencer; Bisel, Tucker; Martin, Tony; Sholar, Jodie; Keanini, Russell G

2017-12-04

An analog, macroscopic method for studying molecular-scale hydrodynamic processes in dense gases and liquids is described. The technique applies a standard fluid dynamic diagnostic, particle image velocimetry (PIV), to measure: i) velocities of individual particles (grains), extant on short, grain-collision time-scales, ii) velocities of systems of particles, on both short collision-time- and long, continuum-flow-time-scales, iii) collective hydrodynamic modes known to exist in dense molecular fluids, and iv) short- and long-time-scale velocity autocorrelation functions, central to understanding particle-scale dynamics in strongly interacting, dense fluid systems. The basic system is composed of an imaging system, light source, vibrational sensors, vibrational system with a known media, and PIV and analysis software. Required experimental measurements and an outline of the theoretical tools needed when using the analog technique to study molecular-scale hydrodynamic processes are highlighted. The proposed technique provides a relatively straightforward alternative to photonic and neutron beam scattering methods traditionally used in molecular hydrodynamic studies.

Anisotropic hydrodynamics for conformal Gubser flow

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Nopoush, Mohammad; Ryblewski, Radoslaw; Strickland, Michael

2015-02-01

We derive the equations of motion for a system undergoing boost-invariant longitudinal and azimuthally symmetric transverse "Gubser flow" using leading-order anisotropic hydrodynamics. This is accomplished by assuming that the one-particle distribution function is ellipsoidally symmetric in the momenta conjugate to the de Sitter coordinates used to parametrize the Gubser flow. We then demonstrate that the S O (3 )q symmetry in de Sitter space further constrains the anisotropy tensor to be of spheroidal form. The resulting system of two coupled ordinary differential equations for the de Sitter-space momentum scale and anisotropy parameter are solved numerically and compared to a recently obtained exact solution of the relaxation-time-approximation Boltzmann equation subject to the same flow. We show that anisotropic hydrodynamics describes the spatiotemporal evolution of the system better than all currently known dissipative hydrodynamics approaches. In addition, we prove that anisotropic hydrodynamics gives the exact solution of the relaxation-time approximation Boltzmann equation in the ideal, η /s →0 , and free-streaming, η /s →∞, limits.

Pre-clinical Evaluation of a Cyanine-Based SPECT Probe for Multimodal Tumor Necrosis Imaging.

PubMed

Stammes, Marieke A; Knol-Blankevoort, Vicky T; Cruz, Luis J; Feitsma, Hans R I J; Mezzanotte, Laura; Cordfunke, Robert A; Sinisi, Riccardo; Dubikovskaya, Elena A; Maeda, Azusa; DaCosta, Ralph S; Bierau, Katja; Chan, Alan; Kaijzel, Eric L; Snoeks, Thomas J A; van Beek, Ermond R; Löwik, Clemens W G M

2016-12-01

Recently we showed that a number of carboxylated near-infrared fluorescent (NIRF) cyanine dyes possess strong necrosis avid properties in vitro as well as in different mouse models of spontaneous and therapy-induced tumor necrosis, indicating their potential use for cancer diagnostic- and prognostic purposes. In the previous study, the detection of the cyanines was achieved by whole body optical imaging, a technique that, due to the limited penetration of near-infrared light, is not suitable for investigations deeper than 1 cm within the human body. Therefore, in order to facilitate clinical translation, the purpose of the present study was to generate a necrosis avid cyanine-based NIRF probe that could also be used for single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). For this, the necrosis avid NIRF cyanine HQ4 was radiolabeled with 111 indium, via the chelate diethylene triamine pentaacetic acid (DTPA). The necrosis avid properties of the radiotracer [ 111 In]DTPA-HQ4 were examined in vitro and in vivo in different breast tumor models in mice using SPECT and optical imaging. Moreover, biodistribution studies were performed to examine the pharmacokinetics of the probe in vivo. Using optical imaging and radioactivity measurements, in vitro, we showed selective accumulation of [ 111 In]DTPA-HQ4 in dead cells. Using SPECT and in biodistribution studies, the necrosis avidity of the radiotracer was confirmed in a 4T1 mouse breast cancer model of spontaneous tumor necrosis and in a MCF-7 human breast cancer model of chemotherapy-induced tumor necrosis. The radiotracer [ 111 In]DTPA-HQ4 possessed strong and selective necrosis avidity in vitro and in various mouse models of tumor necrosis in vivo, indicating its potential to be clinically applied for diagnostic purposes and to monitor anti-cancer treatment efficacy.

Toxicity of six insecticides to predatory mite Amblyseius cucumeris (Oudemans) (Acari: Phytoseiidae) in- and off-field.

PubMed

Cheng, Shenhang; Lin, Ronghua; Zhang, Nan; Yuan, Shankui; Zhou, Xinxin; Huang, Jian; Ren, Xiaodong; Wang, Shoushan; Jiang, Hui; Yu, Caihong

2018-06-22

Amblyseius cucumeris (Oudemans) is a beneficial non-target arthropod (NTA) and a key predator of tetranychid mites in integrated pest management (IPM) programs across China. Evaluating the toxic effects of insecticides on such predatory mites is essential for the success and development of IPM. We tested six insecticides to determine the risk of neonicotinoid insecticide toxicity to predatory mites, using the 'open glass plate method' and adult female A. cucumeris in a "worst case laboratory exposure" scenario. A 48-h toxicity test was performed using the hazard quotient (HQ) approach to evaluate the risk of each insecticide. The LR 50 values (application rate that caused 50% mortality) of acetamiprid, thiamethoxam, imidacloprid, and dinotefuran were 76.4, 104.5, 84.9, and 224.6 g active ingredient (a.i.) ha -1 , respectively, with in-field HQ values of 0.40, 1.28, 0.49, and 0.82, respectively. The HQ values were lower than the trigger value of 2, and were consistent with off-field values. The risks of the four neonicotinoid insecticides to adult female A. cucumeris were acceptable in two exposure scenarios in field and off field. The 48-h LR 50 values for bifenthrin and malathion were 0.008 and 0.062 g. a.i. ha -1 , respectively, which were much lower than the recommended field application rates. The HQ values were much higher than the trigger values for both in- and off-field, indicating that the risks of these two insecticides were unacceptable. Bifenthrin and malathion posed an extremely high risk to the test species, and their use should be restricted to reduce risks to the field with augmentative releases of A. cucumeris. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Effects of stretching and fatigue on peak torque, muscle imbalance, and stability.

PubMed

Costa, Pablo B; Ruas, Cassio V; Smith, Cory M

2018-01-01

The present study examined the acute effects of hamstrings stretching and fatigue on knee extension and flexion peak torque (PT), hamstrings to quadriceps (H:Q) ratio, and postural stability. Seventeen women (mean±SD age=21.8±2.1 years; body mass=63.0±10.5 kg; height=164.7±6.2 cm) and eighteen men (25.8±4.6 years; 83.6±13.2 kg; 175.3±6.0 cm) took part in three laboratory visits. The first visit was a familiarization session, and the subsequent two visits were randomly assigned as a control or stretching condition. For the testing visits, subjects performed a postural stability assessment, stretched (or sat quietly during the control condition), performed a 50-repetition unilateral isokinetic fatigue protocol, and repeated the postural stability assessment. There were no significant differences between control and stretching conditions for initial quadriceps and hamstrings PT, initial H:Q ratio, quadriceps and hamstrings PT fatigue indexes, H:Q ratio Fatigue Index, rating of perceived exertion (RPE), or postural stability (P>0.05). When analyzing 5 intervals of 10 repetitions, significant declines in quadriceps PT were found in all intervals for both conditions (P<0.05). However, a decline in hamstrings PT was only found until the fourth interval (i.e., repetitions 31 to 40) for the stretching condition (P<0.05). Stretching the hamstrings immediately prior to long-duration activities may eventually cause adverse effects in force-generating capacity of this muscle group to occur earlier when fatiguing tasks are involved. Nevertheless, no changes were found for the H:Q ratios after stretching when compared to no-stretching.

Nanoscale Au-In alloy-oxide core-shell particles as electrocatalysts for efficient hydroquinone detection

DOE PAGES

Sutter, E.; Tong, X.; Medina-Plaza, C.; ...

2015-10-09

The presence of hydroquinone (HQ), a phenol ubiquitous in nature and widely used in industry, needs to be monitored because of its toxicity to the environment. Here we demonstrate efficient detection of HQ using simple, fast, and noninvasive electrochemical measurements on indium tin oxide (ITO) electrodes modified with nanoparticles comprising bimetallic Au–In cores and mixed Au–In oxide shells. Whereas bare ITO electrodes show very low activity for the detection of HQ, their modification with Au–In core–shell nanoparticles induces a pronounced shift of the oxidation peak to lower potentials, i.e., facilitated oxidation. The response of the different electrodes was correlated withmore » the initial composition of the bimetallic nanoparticle cores, which in turn determined the amount of Au and In stabilized on the surface of the amorphous Au–In oxide shells available for the electrochemical reaction. While adding core–shell nanostructures with different compositions of the alloy core facilitates the electrocatalytic (reduction-) oxidation of HQ, the activity is highest for particles with AuIn cores (i.e., a Au:In ratio of 1). This optimal system is found to follow a single pathway, the two-electron oxidation of the quinone–hydroquinone couple, which gives rise to high oxidation peaks and is most effective in facilitating the electrode-to-analyte charge transfer and thus detection. The limits of detection (LOD) decreased when increasing the amount of Au exposed on the surface of the amorphous Au–In oxide shells. As a result the LODs were in the range of 10 –5 – 10 –6 M and were lower than those obtained using bulk Au.« less

Effects of immunocastration and a β-adrenergic agonist on retail cuts of feedlot finished Nellore cattle.

PubMed

Brigida, D J; Antonelo, D S; Mazon, M R; Nubiato, K E Z; Gómez, J F M; Netto, A S; Leme, P R; Cônsolo, N R B; Pesce, D M C; Silva, S L

2017-12-19

Immunocastration (ImC) has been proposed as an animal welfare-friendly alternative to reduce sexual and aggressive behavior and to increase carcass fat deposition with positive effects on meat quality. The β-adrenergic agonists (β-AA) are known as repartitioning agents that acts increasing lean tissue deposition. The combined use of these technologies can positively affect meat quality and increase retail cuts yield. Thus, this research was conducted to evaluate the combined effects of ImC and β-AA (zilpaterol hydrochloride (ZH) and ractopamine hydrochloride (RH)) on retail cuts, bones, and fat trim of feedlot finished Bos indicus (Nellore) cattle. No interaction was observed between sexual condition and diet for any trait. The ImC decreased cold carcass, hindquarter (HQ), forequarter (FQ) and combined brisket, short ribs and flank (BSF) weights. The ImC also showed smaller weights of retail cuts and bones on the HQ and on the FQ than non-castrated (NoC). Fat trim weights did not differ from ImC and NoC. The most of subprimal cuts were heavier in NoC than in ImC. Feeding β-AA did not affect cold carcass weight; however, animals fed ZH had higher weights of HQ and retail cuts in HQ when compared with RH and control (CO) group, with no differences between RH and CO for both traits. The weights of FQ, BSF, retail cuts in FQ, as well as bones and fat trimmings were not affected by β-AA. In summary, ImC decreases carcass and retail cut weights, whereas ZH supplementation leads to an improvement in carcass lean tissue and retail cuts.

Combined use of two formulations containing diacetyl boldine, TGF-β1 biomimetic oligopeptide-68 with other hypopigmenting/exfoliating agents and sunscreen provides effective and convenient treatment for facial melasma. Either is equal to or is better than 4% hydroquinone on normal skin.

PubMed

Pratchyapurit, Walai-Orn

2016-06-01

Treatment of melasma remains a challenge and involves multistep approach. Diacetyl boldine (DAB) stabilizes tyrosinase in its inactive form while TGF-β1 biomimetic oligopeptide-68 inhibits tyrosinase activity. (1) to study the efficacy and safety of the combination use of two formulae containing two principal ingredients: DAB and TGF-β1 biomimetic oligopeptide-68 on facial melasma, and (2) to compare their efficacy with 2% and 4% hydroquinone cream (HQ) on sun-protected normal skin. A randomized, double-blind, 12-week comparative study of pre-/post-treatment was conducted in 40 females. Melasma was evaluated by manual MASI score and MASI score with instrumentally graded darkness at baseline, 6th week, and 12th week. The author also compared their effect with HQ on the arms, assessed their safety profile throughout the study. Thirty-eight subjects have completed the study. Their melasma showed improvement at the 6th week and 12th week as compared with baseline (P < 0.05). None developed severe reaction. Most subjects had temporary, mild skin reaction. About 2.6% of subjects graded themselves markedly improved, 76.3% moderately improved, and 21.1% slightly improved. Each formula showed either more efficacy or exerted faster action on pigment reduction than HQ. Combination of DAB serum at night and DAB/TGF-β1 biomimetic oligopeptide-68/sunscreen cream in the morning and at noon was effective and safe for facial melasma. They were superior to HQ in pigment reduction. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Metabolic Rate Constants for Hydroquinone in F344 Rat and Human Liver Isolated Hepatocytes: Application to a PBPK model.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Poet, Torka S.; Wu, Hong; English, J C.

2004-11-15

Hydroquinone (HQ) is an important industrial chemical that also occurs naturally in foods and in the leaves and bark of a number of plant species. Exposure of laboratory animals to HQ may result in a species-, sex-, and strain-specific nephrotoxicity. The sensitivity of male F344 vs. female F344 and Sprague-Dawley rats or B6C3F1 mice appears to be related to differences in the rates of formation and further metabolism of key nephrotoxic metabolites. Metabolic rate constants for the conversion of HQ through several metabolic steps to the mono-glutathione conjugate and subsequent detoxification via mercapturic acid were measured in suspension cultures ofmore » hepatocytes isolated from male F344 rats and humans. An in vitro mathematic kinetic model was used to analyze each metabolic step by simultaneously fitting the disappearance of each substrate and the appearance of subsequent metabolites. An iterative, nested approach was used whereby downstream metabolites were considered first and the model was constrained by the requirement that rate constants determined during analysis of individual metabolic steps must also satisfy the complete, integrated metabolism scheme, including competitive pathways. The results from this study indicated that the overall capacity for metabolism of HQ and its mono-glutathione conjugate is greater in hepatocytes from humans than those isolated from rats, suggesting a greater capacity for detoxification of the glutathione conjugates. Metabolic rate constants were applied to an existing physiologically based pharmacokinetic model and the model was used to predict total glutathione metabolites produced in the liver. The results showed that body burdens of these metabolites will be much higher in rats than humans.« less

Protein Conformational Gating of Enzymatic Activity in Xanthine Oxidoreductase

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Ishikita, Hiroshi; Eger, Bryan T.; Okamoto, Ken

2012-05-24

In mammals, xanthine oxidoreductase can exist as xanthine dehydrogenase (XDH) and xanthine oxidase (XO). The two enzymes possess common redox active cofactors, which form an electron transfer (ET) pathway terminated by a flavin cofactor. In spite of identical protein primary structures, the redox potential difference between XDH and XO for the flavin semiquinone/hydroquinone pair (E{sub sq/hq}) is {approx}170 mV, a striking difference. The former greatly prefers NAD{sup +} as ultimate substrate for ET from the iron-sulfur cluster FeS-II via flavin while the latter only accepts dioxygen. In XDH (without NAD{sup +}), however, the redox potential of the electron donor FeS-IImore » is 180 mV higher than that for the acceptor flavin, yielding an energetically uphill ET. On the basis of new 1.65, 2.3, 1.9, and 2.2 {angstrom} resolution crystal structures for XDH, XO, the NAD{sup +}- and NADH-complexed XDH, E{sub sq/hq} were calculated to better understand how the enzyme activates an ET from FeS-II to flavin. The majority of the E{sub sq/hq} difference between XDH and XO originates from a conformational change in the loop at positions 423-433 near the flavin binding site, causing the differences in stability of the semiquinone state. There was no large conformational change observed in response to NAD{sup +} binding at XDH. Instead, the positive charge of the NAD{sup +} ring, deprotonation of Asp429, and capping of the bulk surface of the flavin by the NAD{sup +} molecule all contribute to altering E{sub sq/hq} upon NAD{sup +} binding to XDH.« less

Morphology of seahorse head hydrodynamically aids in capture of evasive prey.

PubMed

Gemmell, Brad J; Sheng, Jian; Buskey, Edward J

2013-01-01

Syngnathid fish (seahorses, pipefish and sea dragons) are slow swimmers yet capture evasive prey (copepods) using a technique known as the 'pivot' feeding, which involves rapid movement to overcome prey escape capabilities. However, this feeding mode functions only at short range and requires approaching very closely to hydrodynamically sensitive prey without triggering an escape. Here we investigate the role of head morphology on prey capture using holographic and particle image velocimetry (PIV). We show that head morphology functions to create a reduced fluid deformation zone, minimizing hydrodynamic disturbance where feeding strikes occur (above the end of the snout), and permits syngnathid fish to approach highly sensitive copepod prey (Acartia tonsa) undetected. The results explain how these animals can successfully employ short range 'pivot' feeding effectively on evasive prey. The need to approach prey with stealth may have selected for a head shape that produces lower deformation rates than other fish.

Seal Whiskers Vibrate Over Broad Frequencies During Hydrodynamic Tracking.

PubMed

Murphy, Christin T; Reichmuth, Colleen; Eberhardt, William C; Calhoun, Benton H; Mann, David A

2017-08-21

Although it is known that seals can use their whiskers (vibrissae) to extract relevant information from complex underwater flow fields, the underlying functioning of the system and the signals received by the sensors are poorly understood. Here we show that the vibrations of seal whiskers may provide information about hydrodynamic events and enable the sophisticated wake-tracking abilities of these animals. We developed a miniature accelerometer tag to study seal whisker movement in situ. We tested the ability of the tag to measure vibration in excised whiskers in a flume in response to laminar flow and disturbed flow. We then trained a seal to wear the tag and follow an underwater hydrodynamic trail to measure the whisker signals available to the seal. The results showed that whiskers vibrated at frequencies of 100-300 Hz, with a dynamic response. These measurements are the first to capture the incoming signals received by the vibrissae of a live seal and show that there are prominent signals at frequencies where the seal tactogram shows good sensitivity. Tapping into the mechanoreceptive interface between the animal and the environment may help to decipher the functional basis of this extraordinary hydrodynamic detection ability.

Dynamical density functional theory for microswimmers

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Menzel, Andreas M.; Saha, Arnab; Hoell, Christian; Löwen, Hartmut

2016-01-01

Dynamical density functional theory (DDFT) has been successfully derived and applied to describe on one hand passive colloidal suspensions, including hydrodynamic interactions between individual particles. On the other hand, active "dry" crowds of self-propelled particles have been characterized using DDFT. Here, we go one essential step further and combine these two approaches. We establish a DDFT for active microswimmer suspensions. For this purpose, simple minimal model microswimmers are introduced. These microswimmers self-propel by setting the surrounding fluid into motion. They hydrodynamically interact with each other through their actively self-induced fluid flows and via the common "passive" hydrodynamic interactions. An effective soft steric repulsion is also taken into account. We derive the DDFT starting from common statistical approaches. Our DDFT is then tested and applied by characterizing a suspension of microswimmers, the motion of which is restricted to a plane within a three-dimensional bulk fluid. Moreover, the swimmers are confined by a radially symmetric trapping potential. In certain parameter ranges, we find rotational symmetry breaking in combination with the formation of a "hydrodynamic pumping state," which has previously been observed in the literature as a result of particle-based simulations. An additional instability of this pumping state is revealed.

The Hydrodynamics and Odorant Transport Phenomena of Olfaction in the Hammerhead Shark

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rygg, Alex; Craven, Brent

2013-11-01

The hammerhead shark possesses a unique head morphology that is thought to facilitate enhanced olfactory performance. The olfactory organs, located at the distal ends of the cephalofoil, contain numerous lamellae that increase the surface area for olfaction. Functionally, for the shark to detect chemical stimuli, water-borne odors must reach the olfactory sensory epithelium that lines these lamellae. Thus, odorant transport from the aquatic environment to the sensory epithelium is the first critical step in olfaction. Here we investigate the hydrodynamics and odorant transport phenomena of olfaction in the hammerhead shark based on an anatomically-accurate reconstruction of the head and olfactory chamber from high-resolution micro-CT and MRI scans of a cadaver specimen. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations of water flow in the reconstructed model reveal the external and internal hydrodynamics of olfaction during swimming. Odorant transport in the olfactory organ is investigated using a multi-scale approach, whereby molecular dynamics (MD) simulations are used to calculate odorant partition coefficients that are subsequently utilized in macro-scale CFD simulations of odorant deposition. The hydrodynamic and odorant transport results are used to elucidate several important features of olfactory function in the hammerhead shark.

Influence of mass transfer on bubble plume hydrodynamics.

PubMed

Lima Neto, Iran E; Parente, Priscila A B

2016-03-01

This paper presents an integral model to evaluate the impact of gas transfer on the hydrodynamics of bubble plumes. The model is based on the Gaussian type self-similarity and functional relationships for the entrainment coefficient and factor of momentum amplification due to turbulence. The impact of mass transfer on bubble plume hydrodynamics is investigated considering different bubble sizes, gas flow rates and water depths. The results revealed a relevant impact when fine bubbles are considered, even for moderate water depths. Additionally, model simulations indicate that for weak bubble plumes (i.e., with relatively low flow rates and large depths and slip velocities), both dissolution and turbulence can affect plume hydrodynamics, which demonstrates the importance of taking the momentum amplification factor relationship into account. For deeper water conditions, simulations of bubble dissolution/decompression using the present model and classical models available in the literature resulted in a very good agreement for both aeration and oxygenation processes. Sensitivity analysis showed that the water depth, followed by the bubble size and the flow rate are the most important parameters that affect plume hydrodynamics. Lastly, dimensionless correlations are proposed to assess the impact of mass transfer on plume hydrodynamics, including both the aeration and oxygenation modes.

Maniac talk - Dr. Richard R. Fisher, Director, Heliophysics Division (Emeritus), NASA HQ

NASA Image and Video Library

2016-05-25

Dr. Richard R. Fisher: "As in the case of learning how to perform in any specialized context, I found there were a number of issues I was neither taught nor did I learn from life experience. Over the course of a 50-year career that transitioned from ground-based to space-based, I came to understand that there are specific tools and values that proved vital. Using my own journey, I shall summarize a few of the more useful, to identify and make available things and ideas that helped me with my time with NASA." Dr. Richard R. Fisher, Director, Heliophysics Division (Emeritus), NASA HQ

Catalytic Oxidation of Hydroquinone in Aqueous Solution over Bimetallic PdCo Catalyst Supported on Carbon: Effect of Interferents and Electrochemical Measurement.

PubMed

Ye, Weichun; Shi, Xuezhao; Zhang, Yane; Hong, Chenghui; Wang, Chunming; Budzianowski, Wojciech M; Xue, Desheng

2016-02-10

Palladium-cobalt alloy nanoparticles were synthesized and dispersed on carbon black support, aiming to have a less expensive catalyst. Catalytic behaviors of PdCo/C catalyst for the oxidation of hydroquinone (HQ) with H2O2 in aqueous solution were evaluated using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The results revealed that PdCo/C catalyst had better catalytic activity than an equal amount of commercial Pd/C and Co/C catalysts because of the d-band hybridization between Pd and Co. The effects of pH value, solvent, and various interferents including inorganic and organic compounds on the efficiency of HQ oxidation were further investigated. Furthermore, on the basis of mixed potential theory, comprehensive electrochemical measurements such as the open-circuit potential-time (OCP-t) technique and Tafel plot were efficient to assess the catalytic activity of the catalyst, and the results obtained were consistent with those of HPLC measurements. The efficient HQ oxidation was closely associated with the catalytic activity of PdCo nanoparticles because they accelerated the electron-transfer process and facilitated the generation of OH radicals.

Effect of cobalt doping level of ferrites in enhancing sensitivity of analytical performances of carbon paste electrode for simultaneous determination of catechol and hydroquinone.

PubMed

Lakić, Mladen; Vukadinović, Aleksandar; Kalcher, Kurt; Nikolić, Aleksandar S; Stanković, Dalibor M

2016-12-01

This work presents the simultaneous determination of catechol (CC) and hydroquinone (HQ), employing a modified carbon paste electrode (CPE) with ferrite nanomaterial. Ferrite nanomaterial was doped with different amount of cobalt and this was investigated toward simultaneous oxidation of CC and HQ. It was shown that this modification strongly increases electrochemical characteristics of the CPE. Also, electrocatalytic activity of such materials strongly depends on the level of substituted Co in the ferrite nanoparticles. The modified electrodes, labeled as CoFerrite/CPE, showed two pairs of well-defined redox peaks for the electrochemical processes of catechol and hydroquinone. Involving of ferrite material in the structure of CPE, cause increase in the potentials differences between redox couples of the investigated compounds, accompanied with increases in peaks currents. Several important parameters were optimized and calibration curves, with limits of detection (LOD) of 0.15 and 0.3µM for catechol and hydroquinone, respectively, were constructed by employing amperometric detection. Effect of possible interfering compounds was also studied, and proposed method was successfully applied for CC and HQ quantification in real samples. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Search for the associated production of a Higgs boson with a single top quark in proton-proton collisions at √{s}=8 TeV

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Khachatryan, V.; Sirunyan, A. M.; Tumasyan, A.; Adam, W.; Asilar, E.; Bergauer, T.; Brandstetter, J.; Brondolin, E.; Dragicevic, M.; Erö, J.; Flechl, M.; Friedl, M.; Frühwirth, R.; Ghete, V. M.; Hartl, C.; Hörmann, N.; Hrubec, J.; Jeitler, M.; Knünz, V.; König, A.; Krammer, M.; Krätschmer, I.; Liko, D.; Matsushita, T.; Mikulec, I.; Rabady, D.; Rahbaran, B.; Rohringer, H.; Schieck, J.; Schöfbeck, R.; Strauss, J.; Treberer-Treberspurg, W.; Waltenberger, W.; Wulz, C.-E.; Mossolov, V.; Shumeiko, N.; Suarez Gonzalez, J.; Alderweireldt, S.; Cornelis, T.; de Wolf, E. A.; Janssen, X.; Knutsson, A.; Lauwers, J.; Luyckx, S.; van de Klundert, M.; van Haevermaet, H.; van Mechelen, P.; van Remortel, N.; van Spilbeeck, A.; Abu Zeid, S.; Blekman, F.; D'Hondt, J.; Daci, N.; de Bruyn, I.; Deroover, K.; Heracleous, N.; Keaveney, J.; Lowette, S.; Moreels, L.; Olbrechts, A.; Python, Q.; Strom, D.; Tavernier, S.; van Doninck, W.; van Mulders, P.; van Onsem, G. P.; van Parijs, I.; Barria, P.; Brun, H.; Caillol, C.; Clerbaux, B.; de Lentdecker, G.; Fasanella, G.; Favart, L.; Grebenyuk, A.; Karapostoli, G.; Lenzi, T.; Léonard, A.; Maerschalk, T.; Marinov, A.; Perniè, L.; Randle-Conde, A.; Reis, T.; Seva, T.; Vander Velde, C.; Vanlaer, P.; Yonamine, R.; Zenoni, F.; Zhang, F.; Beernaert, K.; Benucci, L.; Cimmino, A.; Crucy, S.; Dobur, D.; Fagot, A.; Garcia, G.; Gul, M.; McCartin, J.; Ocampo Rios, A. A.; Poyraz, D.; Ryckbosch, D.; Salva, S.; Sigamani, M.; Strobbe, N.; Tytgat, M.; van Driessche, W.; Yazgan, E.; Zaganidis, N.; Basegmez, S.; Beluffi, C.; Bondu, O.; Brochet, S.; Bruno, G.; Caudron, A.; Ceard, L.; da Silveira, G. G.; Delaere, C.; Favart, D.; Forthomme, L.; Giammanco, A.; Hollar, J.; Jafari, A.; Jez, P.; Komm, M.; Lemaitre, V.; Mertens, A.; Musich, M.; Nuttens, C.; Perrini, L.; Pin, A.; Piotrzkowski, K.; Popov, A.; Quertenmont, L.; Selvaggi, M.; Vidal Marono, M.; Beliy, N.; Hammad, G. H.; Aldá Júnior, W. L.; Alves, F. L.; Alves, G. A.; Brito, L.; Correa Martins Junior, M.; Hamer, M.; Hensel, C.; Mora Herrera, C.; Moraes, A.; Pol, M. E.; Rebello Teles, P.; Belchior Batista Das Chagas, E.; Carvalho, W.; Chinellato, J.; Custódio, A.; da Costa, E. M.; de Jesus Damiao, D.; de Oliveira Martins, C.; Fonseca de Souza, S.; Huertas Guativa, L. M.; Malbouisson, H.; Matos Figueiredo, D.; Mundim, L.; Nogima, H.; Prado da Silva, W. L.; Santoro, A.; Sznajder, A.; Tonelli Manganote, E. J.; Vilela Pereira, A.; Ahuja, S.; Bernardes, C. A.; de Souza Santos, A.; Dogra, S.; Fernandez Perez Tomei, T. R.; Gregores, E. M.; Mercadante, P. G.; Moon, C. S.; Novaes, S. F.; Padula, Sandra S.; Romero Abad, D.; Ruiz Vargas, J. C.; Aleksandrov, A.; Hadjiiska, R.; Iaydjiev, P.; Rodozov, M.; Stoykova, S.; Sultanov, G.; Vutova, M.; Dimitrov, A.; Glushkov, I.; Litov, L.; Pavlov, B.; Petkov, P.; Ahmad, M.; Bian, J. G.; Chen, G. M.; Chen, H. S.; Chen, M.; Cheng, T.; Du, R.; Jiang, C. H.; Plestina, R.; Romeo, F.; Shaheen, S. M.; Tao, J.; Wang, C.; Wang, Z.; Zhang, H.; Asawatangtrakuldee, C.; Ban, Y.; Li, Q.; Liu, S.; Mao, Y.; Qian, S. J.; Wang, D.; Xu, Z.; Avila, C.; Cabrera, A.; Chaparro Sierra, L. F.; Florez, C.; Gomez, J. P.; Gomez Moreno, B.; Sanabria, J. C.; Godinovic, N.; Lelas, D.; Puljak, I.; Ribeiro Cipriano, P. M.; Antunovic, Z.; Kovac, M.; Brigljevic, V.; Kadija, K.; Luetic, J.; Micanovic, S.; Sudic, L.; Attikis, A.; Mavromanolakis, G.; Mousa, J.; Nicolaou, C.; Ptochos, F.; Razis, P. A.; Rykaczewski, H.; Bodlak, M.; Finger, M.; Finger, M.; Assran, Y.; El Sawy, M.; Elgammal, S.; Ellithi Kamel, A.; Mahmoud, M. A.; Calpas, B.; Kadastik, M.; Murumaa, M.; Raidal, M.; Tiko, A.; Veelken, C.; Eerola, P.; Pekkanen, J.; Voutilainen, M.; Härkönen, J.; Karimäki, V.; Kinnunen, R.; Lampén, T.; Lassila-Perini, K.; Lehti, S.; Lindén, T.; Luukka, P.; Mäenpää, T.; Peltola, T.; Tuominen, E.; Tuominiemi, J.; Tuovinen, E.; Wendland, L.; Talvitie, J.; Tuuva, T.; Besancon, M.; Couderc, F.; Dejardin, M.; Denegri, D.; Fabbro, B.; Faure, J. L.; Favaro, C.; Ferri, F.; Ganjour, S.; Givernaud, A.; Gras, P.; Hamel de Monchenault, G.; Jarry, P.; Locci, E.; Machet, M.; Malcles, J.; Rander, J.; Rosowsky, A.; Titov, M.; Zghiche, A.; Antropov, I.; Baffioni, S.; Beaudette, F.; Busson, P.; Cadamuro, L.; Chapon, E.; Charlot, C.; Dahms, T.; Davignon, O.; Filipovic, N.; Florent, A.; Granier de Cassagnac, R.; Lisniak, S.; Mastrolorenzo, L.; Miné, P.; Naranjo, I. N.; Nguyen, M.; Ochando, C.; Ortona, G.; Paganini, P.; Pigard, P.; Regnard, S.; Salerno, R.; Sauvan, J. B.; Sirois, Y.; Strebler, T.; Yilmaz, Y.; Zabi, A.; Agram, J.-L.; Andrea, J.; Aubin, A.; Bloch, D.; Brom, J.-M.; Buttignol, M.; Chabert, E. C.; Chanon, N.; Collard, C.; Conte, E.; Coubez, X.; Fontaine, J.-C.; Gelé, D.; Goerlach, U.; Goetzmann, C.; Le Bihan, A.-C.; Merlin, J. A.; Skovpen, K.; van Hove, P.; Gadrat, S.; Beauceron, S.; Bernet, C.; Boudoul, G.; Bouvier, E.; Carrillo Montoya, C. A.; Chierici, R.; Contardo, D.; Courbon, B.; Depasse, P.; El Mamouni, H.; Fan, J.; Fay, J.; Gascon, S.; Gouzevitch, M.; Ille, B.; Lagarde, F.; Laktineh, I. B.; Lethuillier, M.; Mirabito, L.; Pequegnot, A. L.; Perries, S.; Ruiz Alvarez, J. D.; Sabes, D.; Sgandurra, L.; Sordini, V.; Vander Donckt, M.; Verdier, P.; Viret, S.; Toriashvili, T.; Tsamalaidze, Z.; Autermann, C.; Beranek, S.; Edelhoff, M.; Feld, L.; Heister, A.; Kiesel, M. K.; Klein, K.; Lipinski, M.; Ostapchuk, A.; Preuten, M.; Raupach, F.; Schael, S.; Schulte, J. F.; Verlage, T.; Weber, H.; Wittmer, B.; Zhukov, V.; Ata, M.; Brodski, M.; Dietz-Laursonn, E.; Duchardt, D.; Endres, M.; Erdmann, M.; Erdweg, S.; Esch, T.; Fischer, R.; Güth, A.; Hebbeker, T.; Heidemann, C.; Hoepfner, K.; Klingebiel, D.; Knutzen, S.; Kreuzer, P.; Merschmeyer, M.; Meyer, A.; Millet, P.; Olschewski, M.; Padeken, K.; Papacz, P.; Pook, T.; Radziej, M.; Reithler, H.; Rieger, M.; Scheuch, F.; Sonnenschein, L.; Teyssier, D.; Thüer, S.; Cherepanov, V.; Erdogan, Y.; Flügge, G.; Geenen, H.; Geisler, M.; Hoehle, F.; Kargoll, B.; Kress, T.; Kuessel, Y.; Künsken, A.; Lingemann, J.; Nehrkorn, A.; Nowack, A.; Nugent, I. M.; Pistone, C.; Pooth, O.; Stahl, A.; Aldaya Martin, M.; Asin, I.; Bartosik, N.; Behnke, O.; Behrens, U.; Bell, A. J.; Borras, K.; Burgmeier, A.; Cakir, A.; Campbell, A.; Choudhury, S.; Costanza, F.; Diez Pardos, C.; Dolinska, G.; Dooling, S.; Dorland, T.; Eckerlin, G.; Eckstein, D.; Eichhorn, T.; Flucke, G.; Gallo, E.; Garay Garcia, J.; Geiser, A.; Gizhko, A.; Gunnellini, P.; Hauk, J.; Hempel, M.; Jung, H.; Kalogeropoulos, A.; Karacheban, O.; Kasemann, M.; Katsas, P.; Kieseler, J.; Kleinwort, C.; Korol, I.; Lange, W.; Leonard, J.; Lipka, K.; Lobanov, A.; Lohmann, W.; Mankel, R.; Marfin, I.; Melzer-Pellmann, I.-A.; Meyer, A. B.; Mittag, G.; Mnich, J.; Mussgiller, A.; Naumann-Emme, S.; Nayak, A.; Ntomari, E.; Perrey, H.; Pitzl, D.; Placakyte, R.; Raspereza, A.; Roland, B.; Sahin, M. Ö.; Saxena, P.; Schoerner-Sadenius, T.; Schröder, M.; Seitz, C.; Spannagel, S.; Trippkewitz, K. D.; Walsh, R.; Wissing, C.; Blobel, V.; Centis Vignali, M.; Draeger, A. R.; Erfle, J.; Garutti, E.; Goebel, K.; Gonzalez, D.; Görner, M.; Haller, J.; Hoffmann, M.; Höing, R. S.; Junkes, A.; Klanner, R.; Kogler, R.; Lapsien, T.; Lenz, T.; Marchesini, I.; Marconi, D.; Meyer, M.; Nowatschin, D.; Ott, J.; Pantaleo, F.; Peiffer, T.; Perieanu, A.; Pietsch, N.; Poehlsen, J.; Rathjens, D.; Sander, C.; Schettler, H.; Schleper, P.; Schlieckau, E.; Schmidt, A.; Schwandt, J.; Seidel, M.; Sola, V.; Stadie, H.; Steinbrück, G.; Tholen, H.; Troendle, D.; Usai, E.; Vanelderen, L.; Vanhoefer, A.; Vormwald, B.; Akbiyik, M.; Barth, C.; Baus, C.; Berger, J.; Böser, C.; Butz, E.; Chwalek, T.; Colombo, F.; de Boer, W.; Descroix, A.; Dierlamm, A.; Faltermann, N.; Fink, S.; Frensch, F.; Giffels, M.; Gilbert, A.; Hartmann, F.; Heindl, S. M.; Husemann, U.; Katkov, I.; Kornmayer, A.; Lobelle Pardo, P.; Maier, B.; Mildner, H.; Mozer, M. U.; Müller, T.; Müller, Th.; Plagge, M.; Quast, G.; Rabbertz, K.; Röcker, S.; Roscher, F.; Simonis, H. J.; Stober, F. M.; Ulrich, R.; Wagner-Kuhr, J.; Wayand, S.; Weber, M.; Weiler, T.; Wöhrmann, C.; Wolf, R.; Anagnostou, G.; Daskalakis, G.; Geralis, T.; Giakoumopoulou, V. A.; Kyriakis, A.; Loukas, D.; Psallidas, A.; Topsis-Giotis, I.; Agapitos, A.; Kesisoglou, S.; Panagiotou, A.; Saoulidou, N.; Tziaferi, E.; Evangelou, I.; Flouris, G.; Foudas, C.; Kokkas, P.; Loukas, N.; Manthos, N.; Papadopoulos, I.; Paradas, E.; Strologas, J.; Bencze, G.; Hajdu, C.; Hazi, A.; Hidas, P.; Horvath, D.; Sikler, F.; Veszpremi, V.; Vesztergombi, G.; Zsigmond, A. J.; Beni, N.; Czellar, S.; Karancsi, J.; Molnar, J.; Szillasi, Z.; Bartók, M.; Makovec, A.; Raics, P.; Trocsanyi, Z. L.; Ujvari, B.; Mal, P.; Mandal, K.; Sahoo, D. K.; Sahoo, N.; Swain, S. K.; Bansal, S.; Beri, S. B.; Bhatnagar, V.; Chawla, R.; Gupta, R.; Bhawandeep, U.; Kalsi, A. K.; Kaur, A.; Kaur, M.; Kumar, R.; Mehta, A.; Mittal, M.; Singh, J. B.; Walia, G.; Kumar, Ashok; Bhardwaj, A.; Choudhary, B. C.; Garg, R. B.; Kumar, A.; Malhotra, S.; Naimuddin, M.; Nishu, N.; Ranjan, K.; Sharma, R.; Sharma, V.; Bhattacharya, S.; Chatterjee, K.; Dey, S.; Dutta, S.; Jain, Sa.; Majumdar, N.; Modak, A.; Mondal, K.; Mukherjee, S.; Mukhopadhyay, S.; Roy, A.; Roy, D.; Roy Chowdhury, S.; Sarkar, S.; Sharan, M.; Abdulsalam, A.; Chudasama, R.; Dutta, D.; Jha, V.; Kumar, V.; Mohanty, A. K.; Pant, L. M.; Shukla, P.; Topkar, A.; Aziz, T.; Banerjee, S.; Bhowmik, S.; Chatterjee, R. M.; Dewanjee, R. K.; Dugad, S.; Ganguly, S.; Ghosh, S.; Guchait, M.; Gurtu, A.; Kole, G.; Kumar, S.; Mahakud, B.; Maity, M.; Majumder, G.; Mazumdar, K.; Mitra, S.; Mohanty, G. B.; Parida, B.; Sarkar, T.; Sur, N.; Sutar, B.; Wickramage, N.; Chauhan, S.; Dube, S.; Sharma, S.; Bakhshiansohi, H.; Behnamian, H.; Etesami, S. M.; Fahim, A.; Goldouzian, R.; Khakzad, M.; Mohammadi Najafabadi, M.; Naseri, M.; Paktinat Mehdiabadi, S.; Rezaei Hosseinabadi, F.; Safarzadeh, B.; Zeinali, M.; Felcini, M.; Grunewald, M.; Abbrescia, M.; Calabria, C.; Caputo, C.; Colaleo, A.; Creanza, D.; Cristella, L.; de Filippis, N.; de Palma, M.; Fiore, L.; Iaselli, G.; Maggi, G.; Maggi, M.; Miniello, G.; My, S.; Nuzzo, S.; Pompili, A.; Pugliese, G.; Radogna, R.; Ranieri, A.; Selvaggi, G.; Silvestris, L.; Venditti, R.; Verwilligen, P.; Abbiendi, G.; Battilana, C.; Benvenuti, A. C.; Bonacorsi, D.; Braibant-Giacomelli, S.; Brigliadori, L.; Campanini, R.; Capiluppi, P.; Castro, A.; Cavallo, F. R.; Chhibra, S. S.; Codispoti, G.; Cuffiani, M.; Dallavalle, G. M.; Fabbri, F.; Fanfani, A.; Fasanella, D.; Giacomelli, P.; Grandi, C.; Guiducci, L.; Marcellini, S.; Masetti, G.; Montanari, A.; Navarria, F. L.; Perrotta, A.; Rossi, A. M.; Rovelli, T.; Siroli, G. P.; Tosi, N.; Travaglini, R.; Cappello, G.; Chiorboli, M.; Costa, S.; Giordano, F.; Potenza, R.; Tricomi, A.; Tuve, C.; Barbagli, G.; Ciulli, V.; Civinini, C.; D'Alessandro, R.; Focardi, E.; Gonzi, S.; Gori, V.; Lenzi, P.; Meschini, M.; Paoletti, S.; Sguazzoni, G.; Tropiano, A.; Viliani, L.; Benussi, L.; Bianco, S.; Fabbri, F.; Piccolo, D.; Primavera, F.; Calvelli, V.; Ferro, F.; Vetere, M. Lo; Monge, M. R.; Robutti, E.; Tosi, S.; Brianza, L.; Dinardo, M. E.; Fiorendi, S.; Gennai, S.; Gerosa, R.; Ghezzi, A.; Govoni, P.; Malvezzi, S.; Manzoni, R. A.; Marzocchi, B.; Menasce, D.; Moroni, L.; Paganoni, M.; Pedrini, D.; Ragazzi, S.; Redaelli, N.; Tabarelli de Fatis, T.; Buontempo, S.; Cavallo, N.; di Guida, S.; Esposito, M.; Fabozzi, F.; Iorio, A. O. 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P.; Majumder, D.; Malek, M.; Murray, M.; Sanders, S.; Stringer, R.; Wang, Q.; Ivanov, A.; Kaadze, K.; Khalil, S.; Makouski, M.; Maravin, Y.; Mohammadi, A.; Saini, L. K.; Skhirtladze, N.; Toda, S.; Lange, D.; Rebassoo, F.; Wright, D.; Anelli, C.; Baden, A.; Baron, O.; Belloni, A.; Calvert, B.; Eno, S. C.; Ferraioli, C.; Gomez, J. A.; Hadley, N. J.; Jabeen, S.; Kellogg, R. G.; Kolberg, T.; Kunkle, J.; Lu, Y.; Mignerey, A. C.; Shin, Y. H.; Skuja, A.; Tonjes, M. B.; Tonwar, S. C.; Apyan, A.; Barbieri, R.; Baty, A.; Bierwagen, K.; Brandt, S.; Busza, W.; Cali, I. A.; Demiragli, Z.; Di Matteo, L.; Gomez Ceballos, G.; Goncharov, M.; Gulhan, D.; Iiyama, Y.; Innocenti, G. M.; Klute, M.; Kovalskyi, D.; Lai, Y. S.; Lee, Y.-J.; Levin, A.; Luckey, P. D.; Marini, A. C.; McGinn, C.; Mironov, C.; Narayanan, S.; Niu, X.; Paus, C.; Ralph, D.; Roland, C.; Roland, G.; Salfeldnebgen, J.; Stephans, G. S. F.; Sumorok, K.; Varma, M.; Velicanu, D.; Veverka, J.; Wang, J.; Wang, T. W.; Wyslouch, B.; Yang, M.; Zhukova, V.; Dahmes, B.; Evans, A.; Finkel, A.; Gude, A.; Hansen, P.; Kalafut, S.; Kao, S. C.; Klapoetke, K.; Kubota, Y.; Lesko, Z.; Mans, J.; Nourbakhsh, S.; Ruckstuhl, N.; Rusack, R.; Tambe, N.; Turkewitz, J.; Acosta, J. G.; Oliveros, S.; Avdeeva, E.; Bloom, K.; Bose, S.; Claes, D. R.; Dominguez, A.; Fangmeier, C.; Gonzalez Suarez, R.; Kamalieddin, R.; Keller, J.; Knowlton, D.; Kravchenko, I.; Lazo-Flores, J.; Meier, F.; Monroy, J.; Ratnikov, F.; Siado, J. E.; Snow, G. R.; Alyari, M.; Dolen, J.; George, J.; Godshalk, A.; Harrington, C.; Iashvili, I.; Kaisen, J.; Kharchilava, A.; Kumar, A.; Rappoccio, S.; Roozbahani, B.; Alverson, G.; Barberis, E.; Baumgartel, D.; Chasco, M.; Hortiangtham, A.; Massironi, A.; Morse, D. M.; Nash, D.; Orimoto, T.; Teixeira de Lima, R.; Trocino, D.; Wang, R.-J.; Wood, D.; Zhang, J.; Hahn, K. A.; Kubik, A.; Mucia, N.; Odell, N.; Pollack, B.; Pozdnyakov, A.; Schmitt, M.; Stoynev, S.; Sung, K.; Trovato, M.; Velasco, M.; Brinkerhoff, A.; Dev, N.; Hildreth, M.; Jessop, C.; Karmgard, D. J.; Kellams, N.; Lannon, K.; Lynch, S.; Marinelli, N.; Meng, F.; Mueller, C.; Musienko, Y.; Pearson, T.; Planer, M.; Reinsvold, A.; Ruchti, R.; Smith, G.; Taroni, S.; Valls, N.; Wayne, M.; Wolf, M.; Woodard, A.; Antonelli, L.; Brinson, J.; Bylsma, B.; Durkin, L. S.; Flowers, S.; Hart, A.; Hill, C.; Hughes, R.; Ji, W.; Kotov, K.; Ling, T. Y.; Liu, B.; Luo, W.; Puigh, D.; Rodenburg, M.; Winer, B. L.; Wulsin, H. W.; Driga, O.; Elmer, P.; Hardenbrook, J.; Hebda, P.; Koay, S. A.; Lujan, P.; Marlow, D.; Medvedeva, T.; Mooney, M.; Olsen, J.; Palmer, C.; Piroué, P.; Quan, X.; Saka, H.; Stickland, D.; Tully, C.; Werner, J. S.; Zuranski, A.; Malik, S.; Barnes, V. E.; Benedetti, D.; Bortoletto, D.; Gutay, L.; Jha, M. K.; Jones, M.; Jung, K.; Miller, D. H.; Neumeister, N.; Radburn-Smith, B. C.; Shi, X.; Shipsey, I.; Silvers, D.; Sun, J.; Svyatkovskiy, A.; Wang, F.; Xie, W.; Xu, L.; Parashar, N.; Stupak, J.; Adair, A.; Akgun, B.; Chen, Z.; Ecklund, K. M.; Geurts, F. J. M.; Guilbaud, M.; Li, W.; Michlin, B.; Northup, M.; Padley, B. P.; Redjimi, R.; Roberts, J.; Rorie, J.; Tu, Z.; Zabel, J.; Betchart, B.; Bodek, A.; de Barbaro, P.; Demina, R.; Eshaq, Y.; Ferbel, T.; Galanti, M.; Garcia-Bellido, A.; Han, J.; Harel, A.; Hindrichs, O.; Khukhunaishvili, A.; Petrillo, G.; Tan, P.; Verzetti, M.; Arora, S.; Barker, A.; Chou, J. P.; Contreras-Campana, C.; Contreras-Campana, E.; Duggan, D.; Ferencek, D.; Gershtein, Y.; Gray, R.; Halkiadakis, E.; Hidas, D.; Hughes, E.; Kaplan, S.; Kunnawalkam Elayavalli, R.; Lath, A.; Nash, K.; Panwalkar, S.; Park, M.; Salur, S.; Schnetzer, S.; Sheffield, D.; Somalwar, S.; Stone, R.; Thomas, S.; Thomassen, P.; Walker, M.; Foerster, M.; Riley, G.; Rose, K.; Spanier, S.; York, A.; Bouhali, O.; Castaneda Hernandez, A.; Dalchenko, M.; de Mattia, M.; Delgado, A.; Dildick, S.; Eusebi, R.; Gilmore, J.; Kamon, T.; Krutelyov, V.; Mueller, R.; Osipenkov, I.; Pakhotin, Y.; Patel, R.; Perloff, A.; Rose, A.; Safonov, A.; Tatarinov, A.; Ulmer, K. A.; Akchurin, N.; Cowden, C.; Damgov, J.; Dragoiu, C.; Dudero, P. R.; Faulkner, J.; Kunori, S.; Lamichhane, K.; Lee, S. W.; Libeiro, T.; Undleeb, S.; Volobouev, I.; Appelt, E.; Delannoy, A. G.; Greene, S.; Gurrola, A.; Janjam, R.; Johns, W.; Maguire, C.; Mao, Y.; Melo, A.; Ni, H.; Sheldon, P.; Snook, B.; Tuo, S.; Velkovska, J.; Xu, Q.; Arenton, M. W.; Cox, B.; Francis, B.; Goodell, J.; Hirosky, R.; Ledovskoy, A.; Li, H.; Lin, C.; Neu, C.; Sun, X.; Wang, Y.; Wolfe, E.; Wood, J.; Xia, F.; Clarke, C.; Harr, R.; Karchin, P. E.; Kottachchi Kankanamge Don, C.; Lamichhane, P.; Sturdy, J.; Belknap, D. A.; Carlsmith, D.; Cepeda, M.; Dasu, S.; Dodd, L.; Duric, S.; Friis, E.; Gomber, B.; Grothe, M.; Hall-Wilton, R.; Herndon, M.; Hervé, A.; Klabbers, P.; Lanaro, A.; Levine, A.; Long, K.; Loveless, R.; Mohapatra, A.; Ojalvo, I.; Perry, T.; Pierro, G. A.; Polese, G.; Ruggles, T.; Sarangi, T.; Savin, A.; Sharma, A.; Smith, N.; Smith, W. H.; Taylor, D.; Woods, N.

2016-06-01

This paper presents the search for the production of a Higgs boson in association with a single top quark (tHq), using data collected in proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 8 TeV corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 19.7 fb-1. The search exploits a variety of Higgs boson decay modes resulting in final states with photons, bottom quarks, and multiple charged leptons, including tau leptons, and employs a variety of multivariate techniques to maximize sensitivity to the signal. The analysis is optimized for the opposite sign of the Yukawa coupling to that in the standard model, corresponding to a large enhancement of the signal cross section. In the absence of an excess of candidate signal events over the background predictions, 95% confidence level observed (expected) upper limits on anomalous tHq production are set, ranging between 600 (450) fb and 1000 (700) fb depending on the assumed diphoton branching fraction of the Higgs boson. This is the first time that results on anomalous tHq production have been reported. [Figure not available: see fulltext.

Relativistic fluid dynamics with spin

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Florkowski, Wojciech; Friman, Bengt; Jaiswal, Amaresh; Speranza, Enrico

2018-04-01

Using the conservation laws for charge, energy, momentum, and angular momentum, we derive hydrodynamic equations for the charge density, local temperature, and fluid velocity, as well as for the polarization tensor, starting from local equilibrium distribution functions for particles and antiparticles with spin 1/2. The resulting set of differential equations extends the standard picture of perfect-fluid hydrodynamics with a conserved entropy current in a minimal way. This framework can be used in space-time analyses of the evolution of spin and polarization in various physical systems including high-energy nuclear collisions. We demonstrate that a stationary vortex, which exhibits vorticity-spin alignment, corresponds to a special solution of the spin-hydrodynamical equations.

ANDRILL Borehole AND-1B: Well Log Analysis of Lithofacies and Glacimarine Cycles.

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jackolski, C. L.; Williams, T.; Powell, R. D.; Jarrard, R.; Morin, R. H.; Talarico, F. M.; Niessen, F.; Kuhn, G.

2008-12-01

During the 2006-2007 austral summer, the Antarctic geological drilling program ANDRILL recovered cores of sedimentary rock from a 1285-m-deep borehole below the McMurdo Ice Shelf. Well logging instruments were deployed to a depth of 1017 mbsf after core recovery. This study focuses on two intervals of the AND-1B borehole: upper HQ (238-343 mbsf; Pliocene) and NQ (698-1017 mbsf; upper Miocene), which were logged with natural gamma ray, induction resistivity and magnetic susceptibility tools. To understand how the well logs fit into a more complete physical properties data set, we performed factor and cluster analyses on a suite of well logs and core logs in the upper HQ and NQ intervals. In both intervals, factor analysis groups resistivity and core P-velocity into a factor that we interpret as being inversely proportional to porosity. It also groups natural gamma and potassium (from the XRF core scanner) into a factor that we interpret as a particle-size or lithology index. An additional factor in the NQ interval, influenced by clast number and magnetic susceptibility, distinguishes subglacial diamictites from other lithofacies. The factors in each interval (2 in HQ, 3 in NQ) are used as input to cluster analysis. The results are log data objectively organized into clusters, or electrofacies. We compare these electrofacies to the lithofacies, well logs and unconformity-bounded glacimarine cycles of AND-1B. Patterns in the glacimarine cycles are observed in the well logs and electrofacies. In the NQ glacimarine sediments, an electrofacies pattern is produced between subglacial diamictites at the bottom of each sequence and the glacial retreat facies above. Subglacial diamictites have higher values for the additional NQ factor, corresponding to clast number and magnetic susceptibility, than the muds and sands that form the retreat facies. Differences in the porosity factor are not observed in any electrofacies pattern in the NQ interval, but subtle patterns in the resistivity well log are observed. Subglacial diamictites have greater resistivities than most retreat facies. In the HQ interval, there is only one glacimarine cycle that resembles those in the NQ interval, and most of the interval is subglacial or ice-proximal diamictite. There are only two and a half cycles in the HQ interval, but they contain an incipient electrofacies pattern. In the lower two cycles, the potassium/gamma factor is low at the bottom and high toward the top, and porosity, as indicated by the porosity factor, is low at the bottom and high toward the top. Throughout most of the HQ interval, potassium and natural gamma correlate with porosity. Two exceptions are the lower half of the top cycle, in which resistivity increases toward the top, and the two diatomite beds at the top of the two lower cycles, in which potassium/gamma is low and porosity is very high.

Interferometry correlations in central p+Pb collisions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bożek, Piotr; Bysiak, Sebastian

2018-01-01

We present results on interferometry correlations for pions emitted in central p+Pb collisions at √{s_{NN}}=5.02 TeV in a 3+1-dimensional viscous hydrodynamic model with initial conditions from the Glauber Monte Carlo model. The correlation function is calculated as a function of the pion pair rapidity. The extracted interferometry radii show a weak rapidity dependence, reflecting the lack of boost invariance of the pion distribution. A cross term between the out and long directions is found to be nonzero. The results obtained in the hydrodynamic model are in fair agreement with recent data of the ATLAS Collaboration.

A Navier-Stokes phase-field crystal model for colloidal suspensions

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Praetorius, Simon, E-mail: simon.praetorius@tu-dresden.de; Voigt, Axel, E-mail: axel.voigt@tu-dresden.de

2015-04-21

We develop a fully continuous model for colloidal suspensions with hydrodynamic interactions. The Navier-Stokes Phase-Field Crystal model combines ideas of dynamic density functional theory with particulate flow approaches and is derived in detail and related to other dynamic density functional theory approaches with hydrodynamic interactions. The derived system is numerically solved using adaptive finite elements and is used to analyze colloidal crystallization in flowing environments demonstrating a strong coupling in both directions between the crystal shape and the flow field. We further validate the model against other computational approaches for particulate flow systems for various colloidal sedimentation problems.

A Navier-Stokes phase-field crystal model for colloidal suspensions.

PubMed

Praetorius, Simon; Voigt, Axel

2015-04-21

We develop a fully continuous model for colloidal suspensions with hydrodynamic interactions. The Navier-Stokes Phase-Field Crystal model combines ideas of dynamic density functional theory with particulate flow approaches and is derived in detail and related to other dynamic density functional theory approaches with hydrodynamic interactions. The derived system is numerically solved using adaptive finite elements and is used to analyze colloidal crystallization in flowing environments demonstrating a strong coupling in both directions between the crystal shape and the flow field. We further validate the model against other computational approaches for particulate flow systems for various colloidal sedimentation problems.

Tinnitus and hyperacusis in autism spectrum disorders with emphasis on high functioning individuals diagnosed with Asperger's Syndrome.

PubMed

Danesh, Ali A; Lang, Dustin; Kaf, Wafaa; Andreassen, William D; Scott, Jack; Eshraghi, Adrien A

2015-10-01

To evaluate the prevalence of tinnitus and hyperacusis in individuals with Asperger's Syndrome (AS). A home-developed case-history survey and three item-weighted questionnaires: Tinnitus Reaction Questionnaire (TRQ), Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI), and the Hyperacusis Questionnaire (HQ) were employed. These tools categorize the subjective response to tinnitus and hyperacusis. The research tools were mailed to a mailing list of individuals with Asperger's Syndrome. A total of 55 subjects diagnosed with AS were included in the analysis (15.5% response rate). Sixty-nine percent of all respondents (38/55) reported hyperacusis with an average HQ score of 20.7. Furthermore, 35% (19/55) reported perceiving tinnitus with average scores of 27 for the TRQ and 23 for the THI. Thirty-one percent (17/55) reported both hyperacusis and tinnitus. The prevalence of hyperacusis in the AS respondents remained relatively constant across age groups. Hyperacusis and tinnitus are more prevalent in the ASD population subgroup diagnosed with AS under DSM-IV criteria than in the general public. Hyperacusis also appears to be more prevalent in the AS population than in the ASD population at large. Future research is warranted to provide insight into the possible correlation between tinnitus and hyperacusis symptoms and the abnormal social interactions observed in this group. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

Hydrodynamic correlation functions of hard-sphere fluids at short times

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Leegwater, Jan A.; van Beijeren, Henk

1989-11-01

The short-time behavior of the coherent intermediate scattering function for a fluid of hard-sphere particles is calculated exactly through order t 4, and the other hydrodynamic correlation functions are calculated exactly through order t 2. It is shown that for all of the correlation functions considered the Enskog theory gives a fair approximation. Also, the initial time behavior of various Green-Kubo integrands is studied. For the shear-viscosity integrand it is found that at density nσ3=0.837 the prediction of the Enskog theory is 32% too low. The initial value of the bulk viscosity integrand is nonzero, in contrast to the Enskog result. The initial value of the thermal conductivity integrand at high densities is predicted well by Enskog theory.

Genes Involved in Degradation of para-Nitrophenol Are Differentially Arranged in Form of Non-Contiguous Gene Clusters in Burkholderia sp. strain SJ98

PubMed Central

Vikram, Surendra; Pandey, Janmejay; Kumar, Shailesh; Raghava, Gajendra Pal Singh

2013-01-01

Biodegradation of para-Nitrophenol (PNP) proceeds via two distinct pathways, having 1,2,3-benzenetriol (BT) and hydroquinone (HQ) as their respective terminal aromatic intermediates. Genes involved in these pathways have already been studied in different PNP degrading bacteria. Burkholderia sp. strain SJ98 degrades PNP via both the pathways. Earlier, we have sequenced and analyzed a ~41 kb fragment from the genomic library of strain SJ98. This DNA fragment was found to harbor all the lower pathway genes; however, genes responsible for the initial transformation of PNP could not be identified within this fragment. Now, we have sequenced and annotated the whole genome of strain SJ98 and found two ORFs (viz., pnpA and pnpB) showing maximum identity at amino acid level with p-nitrophenol 4-monooxygenase (PnpM) and p-benzoquinone reductase (BqR). Unlike the other PNP gene clusters reported earlier in different bacteria, these two ORFs in SJ98 genome are physically separated from the other genes of PNP degradation pathway. In order to ascertain the identity of ORFs pnpA and pnpB, we have performed in-vitro assays using recombinant proteins heterologously expressed and purified to homogeneity. Purified PnpA was found to be a functional PnpM and transformed PNP into benzoquinone (BQ), while PnpB was found to be a functional BqR which catalyzed the transformation of BQ into hydroquinone (HQ). Noticeably, PnpM from strain SJ98 could also transform a number of PNP analogues. Based on the above observations, we propose that the genes for PNP degradation in strain SJ98 are arranged differentially in form of non-contiguous gene clusters. This is the first report for such arrangement for gene clusters involved in PNP degradation. Therefore, we propose that PNP degradation in strain SJ98 could be an important model system for further studies on differential evolution of PNP degradation functions. PMID:24376843

Hydrodynamic coupling of two sharp-edged beams vibrating in a viscous fluid

PubMed Central

Intartaglia, Carmela; Soria, Leonardo; Porfiri, Maurizio

2014-01-01

In this paper, we study flexural vibrations of two thin beams that are coupled through an otherwise quiescent viscous fluid. While most of the research has focused on isolated beams immersed in placid fluids, inertial and viscous hydrodynamic coupling is ubiquitous across a multitude of engineering and natural systems comprising arrays of flexible structures. In these cases, the distributed hydrodynamic loading experienced by each oscillating structure is not only related to its absolute motion but is also influenced by its relative motion with respect to the neighbouring structures. Here, we focus on linear vibrations of two identical beams for low Knudsen, Keulegan–Carpenter and squeeze numbers. Thus, we describe the fluid flow using unsteady Stokes hydrodynamics and we propose a boundary integral formulation to compute pertinent hydrodynamic functions to study the fluid effect. We validate the proposed theoretical approach through experiments on centimetre-size compliant cantilevers that are subjected to underwater base-excitation. We consider different geometric arrangements, beam interdistances and excitation frequencies to ascertain the model accuracy in terms of the relevant non-dimensional parameters. PMID:24511249

Anomalous-hydrodynamic analysis of charge-dependent elliptic flow in heavy-ion collisions

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Hongo, Masaru; Hirono, Yuji; Hirano, Tetsufumi

Anomalous hydrodynamics is a low-energy effective theory that captures effects of quantum anomalies. We develop a numerical code of anomalous hydrodynamics and apply it to dynamics of heavy-ion collisions, where anomalous transports are expected to occur. This is the first attempt to perform fully non-linear numerical simulations of anomalous hydrodynamics. We discuss implications of the simulations for possible experimental observations of anomalous transport effects. From analyses of the charge-dependent elliptic flow parameters (vmore » $$±\\atop{2}$$) as a function of the net charge asymmetry A ±, we find that the linear dependence of Δv$$±\\atop{2}$$ ≡ v$$-\\atop{2}$$ - v$$+\\atop{2}$$ on the net charge asymmetry A ± cannot be regarded as a robust signal of anomalous transports, contrary to previous studies. We, however, find that the intercept Δv$$±\\atop{2}$$ (A ± = 0) is sensitive to anomalous transport effects.« less

Anomalous-hydrodynamic analysis of charge-dependent elliptic flow in heavy-ion collisions

DOE PAGES

Hongo, Masaru; Hirono, Yuji; Hirano, Tetsufumi

2017-12-10

Anomalous hydrodynamics is a low-energy effective theory that captures effects of quantum anomalies. We develop a numerical code of anomalous hydrodynamics and apply it to dynamics of heavy-ion collisions, where anomalous transports are expected to occur. This is the first attempt to perform fully non-linear numerical simulations of anomalous hydrodynamics. We discuss implications of the simulations for possible experimental observations of anomalous transport effects. From analyses of the charge-dependent elliptic flow parameters (vmore » $$±\\atop{2}$$) as a function of the net charge asymmetry A ±, we find that the linear dependence of Δv$$±\\atop{2}$$ ≡ v$$-\\atop{2}$$ - v$$+\\atop{2}$$ on the net charge asymmetry A ± cannot be regarded as a robust signal of anomalous transports, contrary to previous studies. We, however, find that the intercept Δv$$±\\atop{2}$$ (A ± = 0) is sensitive to anomalous transport effects.« less

Theoretical determination of hydrodynamic window in monolayer and bilayer graphene from scattering rates

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ho, Derek Y. H.; Yudhistira, Indra; Chakraborty, Nilotpal; Adam, Shaffique

2018-03-01

Electrons behave like a classical fluid with a momentum distribution function that varies slowly in space and time when the quantum-mechanical carrier-carrier scattering dominates over all other scattering processes. Recent experiments in monolayer and bilayer graphene have reported signatures of such hydrodynamic electron behavior in ultraclean devices. In this theoretical work, starting from a microscopic treatment of electron-electron, electron-phonon, and electron-impurity interactions within the random phase approximation, we demonstrate that monolayer and bilayer graphene both host two different hydrodynamic regimes. We predict that the hydrodynamic window in bilayer graphene is stronger than in monolayer graphene, and has a characteristic "v shape" as opposed to a "lung shape." Finally, we collapse experimental data onto a universal disorder-limited theory, demonstrating that the observed violation of the Wiedemann-Franz law in monolayers occurs in a regime dominated by impurity-induced electron-hole puddles.

What Controls Thermo-osmosis? Molecular Simulations Show the Critical Role of Interfacial Hydrodynamics

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Fu, Li; Merabia, Samy; Joly, Laurent

2017-11-01

Thermo-osmotic and related thermophoretic phenomena can be found in many situations from biology to colloid science, but the underlying molecular mechanisms remain largely unexplored. Using molecular dynamics simulations, we measure the thermo-osmosis coefficient by both mechanocaloric and thermo-osmotic routes, for different solid-liquid interfacial energies. The simulations reveal, in particular, the crucial role of nanoscale interfacial hydrodynamics. For nonwetting surfaces, thermo-osmotic transport is largely amplified by hydrodynamic slip at the interface. For wetting surfaces, the position of the hydrodynamic shear plane plays a key role in determining the amplitude and sign of the thermo-osmosis coefficient. Finally, we measure a giant thermo-osmotic response of the water-graphene interface, which we relate to the very low interfacial friction displayed by this system. These results open new perspectives for the design of efficient functional interfaces for, e.g., waste-heat harvesting.

What Controls Thermo-osmosis? Molecular Simulations Show the Critical Role of Interfacial Hydrodynamics.

PubMed

Fu, Li; Merabia, Samy; Joly, Laurent

2017-11-24

Thermo-osmotic and related thermophoretic phenomena can be found in many situations from biology to colloid science, but the underlying molecular mechanisms remain largely unexplored. Using molecular dynamics simulations, we measure the thermo-osmosis coefficient by both mechanocaloric and thermo-osmotic routes, for different solid-liquid interfacial energies. The simulations reveal, in particular, the crucial role of nanoscale interfacial hydrodynamics. For nonwetting surfaces, thermo-osmotic transport is largely amplified by hydrodynamic slip at the interface. For wetting surfaces, the position of the hydrodynamic shear plane plays a key role in determining the amplitude and sign of the thermo-osmosis coefficient. Finally, we measure a giant thermo-osmotic response of the water-graphene interface, which we relate to the very low interfacial friction displayed by this system. These results open new perspectives for the design of efficient functional interfaces for, e.g., waste-heat harvesting.

Synergistic cloud point extraction behavior of aluminum(III) with 2-methyl-8-quinolinol and 3,5-dichlorophenol.

PubMed

Ohashi, Akira; Tsuguchi, Akira; Imura, Hisanori; Ohashi, Kousaburo

2004-07-01

The cloud point extraction behavior of aluminum(III) with 8-quinolinol (HQ) or 2-methyl-8-quinolinol (HMQ) and Triton X-100 was investigated in the absence and presence of 3,5-dichlorophenol (Hdcp). Aluminum(III) was almost extracted with HQ and 4(v/v)% Triton X-100 above pH 5.0, but was not extracted with HMQ-Triton X-100. However, in the presence of Hdcp, it was almost quantitatively extracted with HMQ-Triton X-100. The synergistic effect of Hdcp on the extraction of aluminum(III) with HMQ and Triton X-100 may be caused by the formation of a mixed-ligand complex, Al(dcp)(MQ)2.

Examining the free radical bonding mechanism of benzoquinone- and hydroquinone-methanol passivation of silicon surfaces

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kotulak, Nicole A.; Chen, Meixi; Schreiber, Nikolas; Jones, Kevin; Opila, Robert L.

2015-11-01

The surface passivation of p-benzoquinone (BQ) and hydroquinone (HQ) when dissolved in methanol (ME) has been examined through effective lifetime testing of crystalline silicon (c-Si) wafers treated with the aforementioned solutions. Changes in the availability of both photons and protons in the solutions were demonstrated to affect the level of passivation achieved. The requirement of both excess protons and ambient light exposure to maintain high effective lifetimes supports the presence of a free radical species that drives the surface passivation. Surface analysis suggests a 1:1 ratio of HQ-like bonds to methoxy bonds on the c-Si surface after treatment with a BQ/ME solution.

Transient hydrodynamic finite-size effects in simulations under periodic boundary conditions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Asta, Adelchi J.; Levesque, Maximilien; Vuilleumier, Rodolphe; Rotenberg, Benjamin

2017-06-01

We use lattice-Boltzmann and analytical calculations to investigate transient hydrodynamic finite-size effects induced by the use of periodic boundary conditions. These effects are inevitable in simulations at the molecular, mesoscopic, or continuum levels of description. We analyze the transient response to a local perturbation in the fluid and obtain the local velocity correlation function via linear response theory. This approach is validated by comparing the finite-size effects on the steady-state velocity with the known results for the diffusion coefficient. We next investigate the full time dependence of the local velocity autocorrelation function. We find at long times a crossover between the expected t-3 /2 hydrodynamic tail and an oscillatory exponential decay, and study the scaling with the system size of the crossover time, exponential rate and amplitude, and oscillation frequency. We interpret these results from the analytic solution of the compressible Navier-Stokes equation for the slowest modes, which are set by the system size. The present work not only provides a comprehensive analysis of hydrodynamic finite-size effects in bulk fluids, which arise regardless of the level of description and simulation algorithm, but also establishes the lattice-Boltzmann method as a suitable tool to investigate such effects in general.

Hydrodynamic limit of Wigner-Poisson kinetic theory: Revisited

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Akbari-Moghanjoughi, M.; International Centre for Advanced Studies in Physical Sciences and Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ruhr University Bochum, D-44780 Bochum

2015-02-15

In this paper, we revisit the hydrodynamic limit of the Langmuir wave dispersion relation based on the Wigner-Poisson model in connection with that obtained directly from the original Lindhard dielectric function based on the random-phase-approximation. It is observed that the (fourth-order) expansion of the exact Lindhard dielectric constant correctly reduces to the hydrodynamic dispersion relation with an additional term of fourth-order, beside that caused by the quantum diffraction effect. It is also revealed that the generalized Lindhard dielectric theory accounts for the recently discovered Shukla-Eliasson attractive potential (SEAP). However, the expansion of the exact Lindhard static dielectric function leads tomore » a k{sup 4} term of different magnitude than that obtained from the linearized quantum hydrodynamics model. It is shown that a correction factor of 1/9 should be included in the term arising from the quantum Bohm potential of the momentum balance equation in fluid model in order for a correct plasma dielectric response treatment. Finally, it is observed that the long-range oscillatory screening potential (Friedel oscillations) of type cos(2k{sub F}r)/r{sup 3}, which is a consequence of the divergence of the dielectric function at point k = 2k{sub F} in a quantum plasma, arises due to the finiteness of the Fermi-wavenumber and is smeared out in the limit of very high electron number-densities, typical of white dwarfs and neutron stars. In the very low electron number-density regime, typical of semiconductors and metals, where the Friedel oscillation wavelength becomes much larger compared to the interparticle distances, the SEAP appears with a much deeper potential valley. It is remarked that the fourth-order approximate Lindhard dielectric constant approaches that of the linearized quantum hydrodynamic in the limit if very high electron number-density. By evaluation of the imaginary part of the Lindhard dielectric function, it is shown that the Landau-damping region in ω-k plane increases dramatically by increase of the electron number-density.« less

Coil End Parts Development Using BEND and Design for MQXF by LARP

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Yu, Miao; Ambrosio, G.; Bermudez, S. Izquierdo

2016-09-06

End parts are critical components for saddle-shaped coils. They have a structural function where the cables are deformed in order to cross over the magnet aperture. Based on the previous design of the US LARP program for 90 mm aperture quadrupoles (TQ/LQ) and 120 mm aperture quadrupoles (HQ/LHQ) using BEND, the coil ends of the low-β quadruples (MQXF) for the HiLumi LHC upgrade were developed. This paper shows the design of the MQXF coil ends, the analysis of the coil ends during the coil fabrication, the autopsy analysis of the coil ends and the feedback to BEND parameters.

[Development of lipids and carbohydrates metabolism disorders caused by drinkable water with high content of chlorine organic compounds].

PubMed

Luzhetsky, K P; Ustinova, O Yu; Shur, P Z; Kiryanov, D A; Dolgikh, O V; Chigvintsev, v M; Perevalov, A Ya

2015-01-01

Evaluation of effects caused by environmental peroral exposure to chlorine organic compounds revealed that individuals with AG variation of HTR2A gene are a community with increased sensitivity to chloroform and a risk group for lipid and carbohydrates metabolism disorders. Individual risk of endocrine disorders (ICD: E67.8 excessive nutrition and E66.0 obesity) in these individuals is higher than in general population exposed to chloroform at residence (HQ1.72). Serum serotonin level, that is functionally connected with HTR2A gene, is 1.3 times lower vs. the reference group value.

Fish locomotion: kinematics and hydrodynamics of flexible foil-like fins

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lauder, George V.; Madden, Peter G. A.

2007-11-01

The fins of fishes are remarkable propulsive devices that appear at the origin of fishes about 500 million years ago and have been a key feature of fish evolutionary diversification. Most fish species possess both median (midline) dorsal, anal, and caudal fins as well as paired pectoral and pelvic fins. Fish fins are supported by jointed skeletal elements, fin rays, that in turn support a thin collagenous membrane. Muscles at the base of the fin attach to and actuate each fin ray, and fish fins thus generate their own hydrodynamic wake during locomotion, in addition to fluid motion induced by undulation of the body. In bony fishes, the jointed fin rays can be actively deformed and the fin surface can thus actively resist hydrodynamic loading. Fish fins are highly flexible, exhibit considerable deformation during locomotion, and can interact hydrodynamically during both propulsion and maneuvering. For example, the dorsal and anal fins shed a vortex wake that greatly modifies the flow environment experienced by the tail fin. New experimental kinematic and hydrodynamic data are presented for pectoral fin function in bluegill sunfish. The highly flexible sunfish pectoral fin moves in a complex manner with two leading edges, a spanwise wave of bending, and substantial changes in area through the fin beat cycle. Data from scanning particle image velocimetry (PIV) and time-resolved stereo PIV show that the pectoral fin generates thrust throughout the fin beat cycle, and that there is no time of net drag. Continuous thrust production is due to fin flexibility which enables some part of the fin to generate thrust at all times and to smooth out oscillations that might arise at the transition from outstroke to instroke during the movement cycle. Computational fluid dynamic analyses of sunfish pectoral fin function corroborate this conclusion. Future research on fish fin function will benefit considerably from close integration with studies of robotic model fins.

Quality site seasonal report: Army Air Force Exchange Service Headquarters Building, SFBP 1343, August 1984 through May 1985

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Pollock, E.O. Jr.

1987-10-15

The active solar Domestic Hot Water (DHW) system at the HQ Army-Air Force Exchange Service (AAFES) Building was designed and constructed as part of the Solar in Federal Buildings Programs (SFBP). This retrofitted system is one of eight of the systems in the SFBP selected for quality monitoring. The purpose of this monitoring effort is to document the performance of quality state-of-the-art solar systems in large federal building applications. The six-story HQ AAFES Building houses a cafeteria, officer's mess and club and office space for 2400 employees. The siphon-return drainback system uses 1147 ft/sup 2/ of Aircraftsman flat-plate collectors tomore » collect solar energy which is used to preheat domestic hot water. Solar energy is stored in a 1329-gallon tank and transferred to the hot water load through a heat exchanger located in the 356-gallon DHW preheat tank. Auxiliary energy is supplied by two gas fired boilers which boost the temperature to 130/sup 0/F before it is distributed to the load. Highlights of the performance of the HQ AAFES Building solar system during the monitoring period from August 1984 through May 1985 are presented in this report.« less

Investigation and health risk assessment of heavy metals in soils from partial areas of Daye city, china

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Xiao, M. S.; Li, F.; Zhang, J. D.; Lin, S. Y.; Zhuang, Z. Y.; Wu, Z. X.

2017-05-01

Heavy metals (Cu and Pb) in four sampling sites from parts areas of Daye city were collected. Concentrations of Cu and Pb in soils in sampling sites were detected, the enrichment degree was measured by geo-accumulation index, and the human health risks were calculated by applying the human health risk assessment model. The results show that the concentrations of Cu and Pb of soils in some areas are much more than Daye City, Hubei Province soil background value. The concentration of Cu and Pb in Xiaganwan soil sample has a higher value and the concentration of Cu (110.17 mg·kg-1) exceeds the soil environmental quality standards. The values of Igeo of Cu and Pb in the soil in some areas of Daye city are 1 except Xiaganwan sample is 2. For human health risk assessment, the non-cancer risk of Cu in three routes of exposure is less than Pb. The non-cancer risk both adults and children are less than 1 and show a general trend of HQ in oral ingestion exposure pathway > HQ in inhalation exposure pathway>HQ in skin contact exposure pathway. It will not cause significant non-carcinogenic health effects on the human body.

Measurement of Magnetic Exchange in Asymmetric Lanthanide Dimetallics: Toward a Transferable Theoretical Framework.

PubMed

Giansiracusa, Marcus J; Moreno-Pineda, Eufemio; Hussain, Riaz; Marx, Raphael; Martínez Prada, María; Neugebauer, Petr; Al-Badran, Susan; Collison, David; Tuna, Floriana; van Slageren, Joris; Carretta, Stefano; Guidi, Tatiana; McInnes, Eric J L; Winpenny, Richard E P; Chilton, Nicholas F

2018-02-21

Magnetic exchange interactions within the asymmetric dimetallic compounds [hqH 2 ][Ln 2 (hq) 4 (NO 3 ) 3 ]·MeOH, (Ln = Er(III) and Yb(III), hqH = 8-hydroxyquinoline) have been directly probed with EPR spectroscopy and accurately modeled by spin Hamiltonian techniques. Exploitation of site selectivity via doping experiments in Y(III) and Lu(III) matrices yields simple EPR spectra corresponding to isolated Kramers doublets, allowing determination of the local magnetic properties of the individual sites within the dimetallic compounds. CASSCF-SO calculations and INS and far-IR measurements are all employed to further support the identification and modeling of the local electronic structure for each site. EPR spectra of the pure dimetallic compounds are highly featured and correspond to transitions within the lowest-lying exchange-coupled manifold, permitting determination of the highly anisotropic magnetic exchange between the lanthanide ions. We find a unique orientation for the exchange interaction, corresponding to a common elongated oxygen bridge for both isostructural analogs. This suggests a microscopic physical connection to the magnetic superexchange. These results are of fundamental importance for building and validating model microscopic Hamiltonians to understand the origins of magnetic interactions between lanthanides and how they may be controlled with chemistry.

The Yucatan miniature swine as an in vivo model for screening skin depigmentation.

PubMed

Nair, X; Tramposch, K M

1991-12-01

The usefulness of the Yucatan miniature pig as a screen for skin dipigmenting activity by topical application was evaluated with standard compounds. This is a naturally occurring breed of swine with light brown to dark brown skin that is relatively hairless. The skin morphology, including the pattern of pigment distribution, in this breed of swine closely resembles the human skin. Test compounds examined in this study included the three standard compounds with known clinical depigmenting activity, hydroquinone (HQ), 4-hydroxyanisole (4HA) and tert-butyl catechol (TBC), each at a 5% concentration. Test materials in 25 microliters of propylene glycol/ethanol (50:50) were applied topically twice daily, 7 days a week for 90 days to test sites on each side of the dorsal mid-line. Test sites were graded weekly for variation in pigmentation and local irritation. After 90 days of test material application, skin biopsies of the test sites were taken for histological evaluation. Topical application of HQ, 4HA and TBC promoted marked skin depigmentation which was substantiated by reductions of pigment and melanocytes observed on microscopic examination. While both HQ and TBC produced marked local irritation, 4HA was only mildly irritating. These results suggest that the Yucatan pig, could be a potentially useful model for screening compounds with skin depigmenting activity.

Effects of intracellular iron overload on cell death and identification of potent cell death inhibitors.

PubMed

Fang, Shenglin; Yu, Xiaonan; Ding, Haoxuan; Han, Jianan; Feng, Jie

2018-06-11

Iron overload causes many diseases, while the underlying etiologies of these diseases are unclear. Cell death processes including apoptosis, necroptosis, cyclophilin D-(CypD)-dependent necrosis and a recently described additional form of regulated cell death called ferroptosis, are dependent on iron or iron-dependent reactive oxygen species (ROS). However, whether the accumulation of intracellular iron itself induces ferroptosis or other forms of cell death is largely elusive. In present study, we study the role of intracellular iron overload itself-induced cell death mechanisms by using ferric ammonium citrate (FAC) and a membrane-permeable Ferric 8-hydroxyquinoline complex (Fe-8HQ) respectively. We show that FAC-induced intracellular iron overload causes ferroptosis. We also identify 3-phosphoinositide-dependent kinase 1 (PDK1) inhibitor GSK2334470 as a potent ferroptosis inhibitor. Whereas, Fe-8HQ-induced intracellular iron overload causes unregulated necrosis, but partially activates PARP-1 dependent parthanatos. Interestingly, we identify many phenolic compounds as potent inhibitors of Fe-8HQ-induced cell death. In conclusion, intracellular iron overload-induced cell death form might be dependent on the intracellular iron accumulation rate, newly identified cell death inhibitors in our study that target ferroptosis and unregulated oxidative cell death represent potential therapeutic strategies against iron overload related diseases. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Arsenic health risk assessment in drinking water and source apportionment using multivariate statistical techniques in Kohistan region, northern Pakistan.

PubMed

Muhammad, Said; Tahir Shah, M; Khan, Sardar

2010-10-01

The present study was conducted in Kohistan region, where mafic and ultramafic rocks (Kohistan island arc and Indus suture zone) and metasedimentary rocks (Indian plate) are exposed. Water samples were collected from the springs, streams and Indus river and analyzed for physical parameters, anions, cations and arsenic (As(3+), As(5+) and arsenic total). The water quality in Kohistan region was evaluated by comparing the physio-chemical parameters with permissible limits set by Pakistan environmental protection agency and world health organization. Most of the studied parameters were found within their respective permissible limits. However in some samples, the iron and arsenic concentrations exceeded their permissible limits. For health risk assessment of arsenic, the average daily dose, hazards quotient (HQ) and cancer risk were calculated by using statistical formulas. The values of HQ were found >1 in the samples collected from Jabba, Dubair, while HQ values were <1 in rest of the samples. This level of contamination should have low chronic risk and medium cancer risk when compared with US EPA guidelines. Furthermore, the inter-dependence of physio-chemical parameters and pollution load was also calculated by using multivariate statistical techniques like one-way ANOVA, correlation analysis, regression analysis, cluster analysis and principle component analysis. Copyright © 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Anticlostridial agent 8-hydroxyquinoline improves the isolation of faecal bifidobacteria on modified Wilkins-Chalgren agar with mupirocin.

PubMed

Novakova, J; Vlkova, E; Salmonova, H; Pechar, R; Rada, V; Kokoska, L

2016-04-01

The need for suitable selective cultivation media for the isolation of Bifidobacterium spp. continues to be a real concern in the field of intestinal microbiology. Isolation of bifidobacteria from human and animal faecal samples using selective agar plating may be problematic especially in samples with increased clostridial counts than bifidobacterial counts. Due to the absence of anticlostridial agents in existing selective media, clostridia can displace bifidobacteria resulting in incorrect estimation of their counts. Therefore, we supplemented the existing selective medium 'modified Wilkins Chalgren agar with mupirocin' (MWM) with 90 mg l(-1) of 8-hydroxyquinoline (8HQ), which was recently proved to act selectively against clostridia. The newly composed 'modified Wilkins-Chalgren agar with 8HQ' (MWMQ) was tested on pure bifidobacterial and clostridial strains, their mixtures, and using faecal samples of mammalian origin; its selectivity was evaluated by genus-specific identification of isolates. The results demonstrated that the presence of 8HQ in this agar eliminated the growth of nonbifidobacterial strains on MWMQ compared to that on MWM, whereas the recovery of bifidobacterial counts was at satisfactory levels. In conclusion, MWMQ could be recommended for bifidobacterial isolation from human and animal faeces especially when bifidobacteria are not numerically dominant and there are chances of clostridial contamination. Routine isolation of bifidobacteria from mammalian faeces does not use a reliable selective agar with an anticlostridial agent. Overgrowth of clostridia may result in incorrect estimation of bifidobacterial counts. Thus, in order to improve the selectivity of existing media for bifidobacterial isolation, we chose the modified Wilkins-Chalgren agar with mupirocin and supplemented it with 8-hydroxyquinoline (8HQ), a molecule that shows anticlostridial activity without affecting the growth of bifidobacteria. This newly composed medium showed enhanced selectivity and specificity compared to the original medium and therefore, can be recommended for the isolation of bifidobacteria from mammal faeces. © 2016 The Society for Applied Microbiology.

[Survey of occupational health practices of foreign-owned companies].

PubMed

Nakamura, Saki; Maruyama, Takashi; Hasegawa, Kumi; Nagata, Tomohisa; Mori, Koji

2011-01-01

We conducted a survey to clarify the present state of the occupational health practices (OHPs) of foreign-owned companies (FOCs) in Japan. The results reveal more strategic OHPs of FOCs located in Japan as local subsidiaries. Furthermore, the results should contribute to smoother global development of OHPs for international corporations with headquarters (HQs) in Japan. A total of 1,220 FOCs in Japan with at least 50 employees that are listed in Gaishikeikigyo-Soran (Overview of FOCs) 2009 published by Toyo Keizai, Inc. were targeted in our survey. A questionnaire with items concerning the (1) present situation of global and local OHP standards, (2) relationships with overseas HQ, and (3) impressions regarding daily OHPs was sent to a high-ranking person engaged in OHPs at each FOC. We ask about renkei-kan (sense of cooperation with overseas HQ), a positive Japanese word, in order to evaluate preferable relationships between FOCs and their HQs. There were 123 valid responses. Of these, only 50 had indicated the implementation of global standards (GS). Of the OHPs that were mentioned in GS, responses mainly included risk management for occupational diseases. With respect to local standards (LS), responses indicated that individual approaches toward each worker were an area of particular focus. Satisfaction with staff numbers and budget was high, although HQ involvement in staff numbers and budget control was low. Furthermore, 71.5% of respondents had low renkei-kan. We also found correlations among: renkei-kan, GS availability, frequency of reporting to overseas superiors, audit interval, and understanding of OHP organization at HQs. We found FOCs established OHPs independently of HQs and that they were satisfied with the present situation. On the other hand, there are many respondents who do not have positive feelings, renkei-kan, toward their relationships with HQs. OHP staff of FOCs can enhance renkei-kan by making use of GS, identifying key HQ personnel, and implementing understanding for them and their organization through daily reports and regular audits.

Determination of Arsenic Species in Ophiocordyceps sinensis from Major Habitats in China by HPLC-ICP-MS and the Edible Hazard Assessment.

PubMed

Guo, Lian-Xian; Zhang, Gui-Wei; Wang, Jia-Ting; Zhong, Yue-Ping; Huang, Zhi-Gang

2018-04-26

This study sought to determine the concentration and distribution of arsenic (As) species in Ophiocordyceps sinensis ( O. sinensis ), and to assess its edible hazard for long term consumption. The total arsenic concentrations, measured through inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), ranged from 4.00 mg/kg to 5.25 mg/kg. As determined by HPLC-ICP-MS, the most concerning arsenic species—AsB, MMA V , DMA V , As V , and As Ш —were either not detected (MMA V and DMA V ) or were detected as minor As species (AsB: 1.4⁻2.9%; As V : 1.3⁻3.2%, and As Ш : 4.1⁻6.0%). The major components were a cluster of unknown organic As (uAs) compounds with As Ш , which accounted for 91.7⁻94.0% of the As content. Based on the H₂O₂ test and the chromatography behavior, it can be inferred that, the uAs might not be toxic organic As. Estimated daily intake ( EDI) , hazard quotient ( HQ ), and cancer risk ( CR ) caused by the total As content; the sum of inorganic As (iAs) and uAs, namely i+uAs; and iAs exposure from long term O. sinensis consumption were calculated and evaluated through equations from the US Environmental Protection Agency and the uncertainties were analyzed by Monte-Carlo Simulation (MCS). EDI total As and EDI i+uAs are approximately ten times more than EDI iAs ; HQ total As and HQ i+u As > 1 while HQ i As < 1; and CR total As and CR i+uAs > 1 × 10 −4 while CR iAs < 1 × 10 −4 . Thus, if the uAs is non-toxic, there is no particular risk to local consumers and the carcinogenic risk is acceptable for consumption of O. sinensis because the concentration of toxic iAs is very low.

Bioavailability and risk assessment of potentially toxic elements in garden edible vegetables and soils around a highly contaminated former mining area in Germany.

PubMed

Antoniadis, Vasileios; Shaheen, Sabry M; Boersch, Judith; Frohne, Tina; Du Laing, Gijs; Rinklebe, Jörg

2017-01-15

Although soil contamination by potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in Europe has a history of many centuries, related problems are often considered as having been dealt with due to the enforcement of tight legislations. However, there are many unsolved issues. We aimed to assess PTE levels in highly contaminated soils and in garden edible vegetables using human health risk indices in order to evaluate the availability and mobilization of arsenic (As), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), mercury (Hg), lead (Pb), and zinc (Zn). In four gardens in Germany, situated on, or in the vicinity of, a mine dump area, we planted beans (Phaseolus vulgaris ssp. nanus), carrots (Daucus sativus) and lettuce (Lactuca sativa ssp. capitata). We examined soil-to-plant mobilization of elements using transfer coefficient (TC), as well as soil contamination using contamination factor (CF), enrichment factor (EF), and bioaccumulation index (I geo ). In addition, we tested two human health risk assessment indices: Soil-induced hazard quotient (HQ S ) (representing the "direct soil ingestion" pathway), and vegetable-induced hazard quotient (HQ V ) (representing the "vegetable intake" pathway). The studied elements were highly elevated in the soils. The values in garden 2 were especially high (e.g., Pb: 13789.0 and Hg: 36.8 mg kg -1 ) and largely exceeded the reported regulation limits of 50 (for As), 40 (Cu), 400 (Pb), 150 (Zn), and 5 (Hg) mg kg -1 . Similarly, element concentrations were very high in the grown vegetables. The indices of CF, EF and I geo were enhanced even to levels that are rarely reported in the literature. Specifically, garden 2 indicated severe contamination due to multi-element deposition. The contribution of each PTE to the total of measured HQ S revealed that Pb was the single most important element causing health risk (contributing up to 77% to total HQ S ). Lead also posed the highest risk concerning vegetable consumption, contributing up to 77% to total HQ V . The presence of lead in both cases was followed by that of As, Mn and Hg. We conclude that in multi-element contamination cases, along with high-toxicity elements (here, Pb, As and Hg) other elements may also be responsible for increasing human health risks (i.e., Mn), due to the possibility of adverse synergism of the PTEs. Copyright © 2016. Published by Elsevier Ltd.

A tool for rapid screening of direct DNA agents using reaction rates and relative interaction potency: towards screening environmental contaminants for hazard.

PubMed

Gavina, Jennilee M A; Rubab, Mamoona; Zhang, Huijuan; Zhu, Jiping; Nong, Andy; Feng, Yong-Lai

2011-11-01

DNA damage represents a potential biomarker for determining the exposure risk to chemicals and may provide early warning data for identifying chemical hazards to human health. Here, we have demonstrated a simple chromatography-based method that can be used to rapidly screen for the presence of chemical hazards as well as to determine parameters relevant to hazard assessment. In this proof-of-principle study, a simple in vitro system was used to determine the interaction of pollutants and probable carcinogens, phenyl glycidyl ether (PGE), tetrachlorohydroquinone (Cl(4)HQ), methylmethane sulfonate (MMS), styrene-7,8-oxide (SO), and benzo[a]pyrene-7,8-dihydrodiol-9,10-epoxide (BPDE), a metabolite of benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P), with single- and double-stranded DNA probes. Differences in potency and reaction kinetics were studied for chemical and DNA type. A relative interaction potency equivalency (PEQ) of a chemical was determined by ratio of interaction potency of a chemical to BPDE as the reference chemical in the reaction with single- and double-stranded oligodeoxynucleotides. PEQs were found to be BPDE > PGE > SO > MMS > Cl(4)HQ for single-stranded oligodeoxynucleotides while they were found to be BPDE > PGE > Cl(4)HQ > MMS > SO for double-stranded oligodeoxynucleotides. Kinetics evaluation revealed that BPDE reacted with both DNA probes at a significantly faster rate, as compared to the remaining test chemicals. Equilibrium was reached within an hour for BPDE, but required a minimum of 48 h for the remaining chemicals. First-order rate constants were (1.61 ± 0.2) × 10(-3) s(-1) and (3.18 ± 0.4) × 10(-4) s(-1) for reaction of BPDE with double- and single-stranded DNA, respectively. The remaining chemicals possessed rate constants from 2 to 13 × 10(-6) s(-1) with a relative kinetic order for reaction with DNA of BPDE ≫ MMS > SO > PGE > Cl(4)HQ for ds-DNA and BPDE ≫ SO ≈ Cl(4)HQ ≈ MMS > PGE for ss-DNA. We further found that the reaction potency, defined by dose-response between chemical pollutants and DNA, depends on the form of DNA present for reaction. Noteworthy, we found that relative PEQ did not follow the same kinetic trends. However, our preliminary findings suggest that reaction kinetics, in combination with relative interaction potency, may be a significant parameter that can be used to evaluate the hazard level of environmental pollutants.

Hydrodynamic role of fish squamosal integument as an analog of the surfaces directly formed by the turbulent flow. Report 2: Hydrodynamic function of squamosal integument

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Kudryashov, A. F.; Barsukov, V. V.

1980-01-01

The stream flowing round the slowly swimming squama free fish can be laminized with the aid of the external slime coat alone. The slime of the fish with well developed squamae can laminize the stream together with the squamatic integument. Adjustments preventing a loss of the slime during laminization are better developed in the fastest squama free fishes.

Desagregation des debits mensuels en debits journaliers

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ypou, Tanou Ya Kouassi

A good estimate of the historical natural flow of water in a water system, allows an appropriate management of reservoirs of hydroelectric plants. This management is a guarantee for efficient planning of hydropower production. The reconstruction of the real natural inputs with quality features for the periods before and after the impoundment of reservoirs is sought by HQ. The implementation of a good quality daily historical data from monthly data remains a major concern both for HQ and for the scientific community. Beyond the benefits of mastering simulations of the basin's hydrological behavior in water systems, this study allows the establishment of appropriate measures to protect the population and the various properties located in riparian areas of water systems. The main objective of the study is the breakdown of monthly flows in daily flows. This study is in the business context of HQ. To reconstruct the historical supply of water systems, HSAMI and HYDROTEL models are used. Different methods have been used by HQ to constitute the daily historical rates. So far, a good quality of the reconstituted daily data analysis illustrates the serious discrepancies and errors in those series. Several previous studies in the literature have attempted to reconstruct the daily flow rates from historical monthly series, but as explained in the report, these different approaches have results that do not represent the reality of HQ's water systems. Clearly the methods are not effective in the operational framework of Hydro-Quebec. This report presents an optimized use based on the approach HSAMI and HYDROTEL models in order to transform the flow of rain for the reconstruction of natural flow series. This approach is applied to Outardes's and Saint-Maurice's water systems with the weather and physical field data available. Input the hydrological data are validated by a process of analyzing data quality, specific flow and evaporation parameters. Input the metrological data has been analysis by Statistics, climate and water for weather series criteria. An automatic calibration of the two models is made with the Matlab software. The results of the calibration of Outardes's and Saint-Maurice's water systems are presented in this report. The modeling of ground conditions is made for input data needs of different models using the features included in the models are generally presented in this report and in particularly the model for HYDROTEL and PHYSITEL. The historical simulation flows is performed using meteorological data and physical field data on the periods of 1965 to 2014. Based on the quality of input data available and the goal of generating daily historical supply series using monthly series of natural inputs, the quality criteria have been defined to qualify the model to choose. Indeed, the quality criteria for comparing the two models are the criterion of NSE and KGE. Analysis of the results led to the conclusion that the HYDROTEL model is most appropriate in the operational framework of HQ to disaggregate monthly historical series of daily flows in series. The HYDROTEL model enabled to disaggregate monthly debits daily flows. The daily discharges simulated ponds Beaumont, Vermillion, La tuque are presented and analyzed in this report. Keywords: disaggregation, natural flow, HYDROTEL, HSAMI, data reconstruction .

Fluctuating Hydrodynamics Confronts the Rapidity Dependence of Transverse Momentum Fluctuations

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Pokharel, Rajendra; Gavin, Sean; Moschelli, George

2012-10-01

Interest in the development of the theory of fluctuating hydrodynamics is growing [1]. Early efforts suggested that viscous diffusion broadens the rapidity dependence of transverse momentum correlations [2]. That work stimulated an experimental analysis by STAR [3]. We attack this new data along two fronts. First, we compute STAR's fluctuation observable using the NeXSPheRIO code, which combines fluctuating initial conditions from a string fragmentation model with deterministic viscosity-free hydrodynamic evolution. We find that NeXSPheRIO produces a longitudinal narrowing, in contrast to the data. Second, we study the hydrodynamic evolution using second order causal viscous hydrodynamics including Langevin noise. We obtain a deterministic evolution equation for the transverse momentum density correlation function. We use the latest theoretical equations of state and transport coefficients to compute STAR's observable. The results are in excellent accord with the measured broadening. In addition, we predict features of the distribution that can distinguish 2nd and 1st order diffusion. [4pt] [1] J. Kapusta, B. Mueller, M. Stephanov, arXiv:1112.6405 [nucl-th].[0pt] [2] S. Gavin and M. Abdel-Aziz, Phys. Rev. Lett. 97, 162302 (2006)[0pt] [3] H. Agakishiev et al., STAR, STAR, Phys. Lett. B704

A weakly-compressible Cartesian grid approach for hydrodynamic flows

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bigay, P.; Oger, G.; Guilcher, P.-M.; Le Touzé, D.

2017-11-01

The present article aims at proposing an original strategy to solve hydrodynamic flows. In introduction, the motivations for this strategy are developed. It aims at modeling viscous and turbulent flows including complex moving geometries, while avoiding meshing constraints. The proposed approach relies on a weakly-compressible formulation of the Navier-Stokes equations. Unlike most hydrodynamic CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) solvers usually based on implicit incompressible formulations, a fully-explicit temporal scheme is used. A purely Cartesian grid is adopted for numerical accuracy and algorithmic simplicity purposes. This characteristic allows an easy use of Adaptive Mesh Refinement (AMR) methods embedded within a massively parallel framework. Geometries are automatically immersed within the Cartesian grid with an AMR compatible treatment. The method proposed uses an Immersed Boundary Method (IBM) adapted to the weakly-compressible formalism and imposed smoothly through a regularization function, which stands as another originality of this work. All these features have been implemented within an in-house solver based on this WCCH (Weakly-Compressible Cartesian Hydrodynamic) method which meets the above requirements whilst allowing the use of high-order (> 3) spatial schemes rarely used in existing hydrodynamic solvers. The details of this WCCH method are presented and validated in this article.

Quasinormal modes of charged magnetic black branes & chiral magnetic transport

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ammon, Martin; Kaminski, Matthias; Koirala, Roshan; Leiber, Julian; Wu, Jackson

2017-04-01

We compute quasinormal modes (QNMs) of the metric and gauge field perturbations about black branes electrically and magnetically charged in the Einstein-Maxwell-Chern-Simons theory. By the gauge/gravity correspondence, this theory is dual to a particular class of field theories with a chiral anomaly, in a thermal charged plasma state subjected to a constant external magnetic field, B. The QNMs are dual to the poles of the two-point functions of the energy-momentum and axial current operators, and they encode information about the dissipation and transport of charges in the plasma. Complementary to the gravity calculation, we work out the hydrodynamic description of the dual field theory in the presence of a chiral anomaly, and a constant external B. We find good agreement with the weak field hydrodynamics, which can extend beyond the weak B regime into intermediate regimes. Furthermore, we provide results that can be tested against thermodynamics and hydrodynamics in the strong B regime. We find QNMs exhibiting Landau level behavior, which become long-lived at large B if the anomaly coefficient exceeds a critical magnitude. Chiral transport is analyzed beyond the hydrodynamic approximation for the five (formerly) hydrodynamic modes, including a chiral magnetic wave.

Quantum Dynamics of H2 Trapped within Organic Clathrate Cages

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Strobel, Timothy A.; Ramirez-Cuesta, Anibal J.; Daemen, Luke L.; Bhadram, Venkata S.; Jenkins, Timothy A.; Brown, Craig M.; Cheng, Yongqiang

2018-03-01

The rotational and translational dynamics of molecular hydrogen trapped within β -hydroquinone clathrate (H2 @β -HQ)—a practical example of a quantum particle trapped within an anisotropic confining potential—were investigated using inelastic neutron scattering and Raman spectroscopy. High-resolution vibrational spectra, including those collected from the VISION spectrometer at Oak Ridge National Laboratory, indicate relatively strong attractive interaction between guest and host with a strikingly large splitting of rotational energy levels compared with similar guest-host systems. Unlike related molecular systems in which confined H2 exhibits nearly free rotation, the behavior of H2 @β -HQ is explained using a two-dimensional (2D) hindered rotor model with barrier height more than 2 times the rotational constant (-16.2 meV ).

Metric anisotropies and emergent anisotropic hydrodynamics

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Dash, Ashutosh; Jaiswal, Amaresh

2018-05-01

Expansion of a locally equilibrated fluid is considered in an anisotropic space-time given by the Bianchi type-I metric. Starting from the isotropic equilibrium phase-space distribution function in the local rest frame, we obtain expressions for components of the energy-momentum tensor and conserved current, such as number density, energy density, and pressure components. In the case of an axissymmetric Bianchi type-I metric, we show that they are identical to those obtained within the setup of anisotropic hydrodynamics. We further consider the case in which the Bianchi type-I metric is a vacuum solution of the Einstein equation: the Kasner metric. For the axissymmetric Kasner metric, we discuss the implications of our results in the context of anisotropic hydrodynamics.

Hydrodynamic dispersion in porous media with macroscopic disorder of parameters

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Goldobin, D. S.; Maryshev, B. S.

2017-10-01

We present an analytical derivation of the macroscopic hydrodynamic dispersion for flows in porous media with frozen disorder of macroscopic parameters: porosity and permeability. The parameter inhomogeneities generate inhomogeneities of filtration flow which perform fluid mixing and, on the large spacial scale, act as an additional effective diffusion (eddy diffusivity or hydrodynamic dispersion). The derivation is performed for the general case, where the only restrictions are (i) the spatial autocorrelation functions of parameter inhomogeneities decay with the distance r not slower than 1/rn with n > 1, and (ii) the amplitudes of inhomogeneities are small compared to the mean value of parameters. Our analytical findings are confirmed with the results of direct numerical simulation for the transport of a passive scalar in inhomogeneous filtration flow.

GENASIS: General Astrophysical Simulation System. I. Refinable Mesh and Nonrelativistic Hydrodynamics

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Cardall, Christian Y.; Budiardja, Reuben D.; Endeve, Eirik; Mezzacappa, Anthony

2014-02-01

GenASiS (General Astrophysical Simulation System) is a new code being developed initially and primarily, though by no means exclusively, for the simulation of core-collapse supernovae on the world's leading capability supercomputers. This paper—the first in a series—demonstrates a centrally refined coordinate patch suitable for gravitational collapse and documents methods for compressible nonrelativistic hydrodynamics. We benchmark the hydrodynamics capabilities of GenASiS against many standard test problems; the results illustrate the basic competence of our implementation, demonstrate the strengths and limitations of the HLLC relative to the HLL Riemann solver in a number of interesting cases, and provide preliminary indications of the code's ability to scale and to function with cell-by-cell fixed-mesh refinement.

Coherent dynamic structure factors of strongly coupled plasmas: A generalized hydrodynamic approach

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Luo, Di; Hu, GuangYue; Gong, Tao

2016-05-15

A generalized hydrodynamic fluctuation model is proposed to simplify the calculation of the dynamic structure factor S(ω, k) of non-ideal plasmas using the fluctuation-dissipation theorem. In this model, the kinetic and correlation effects are both included in hydrodynamic coefficients, which are considered as functions of the coupling strength (Γ) and collision parameter (kλ{sub ei}), where λ{sub ei} is the electron-ion mean free path. A particle-particle particle-mesh molecular dynamics simulation code is also developed to simulate the dynamic structure factors, which are used to benchmark the calculation of our model. A good agreement between the two different approaches confirms the reliabilitymore » of our model.« less

[The biological reaction of inflammation, methylglyoxal of blood plasma, functional and structural alterations in elastic type arteries at the early stage of hypertension disease].

PubMed

Titov, V N; Dmitriev, V A; Oshchepkov, E V; Balakhonova, T V; Tripoten', M I; Shiriaeva, Iu K

2012-08-01

The article deals with studying of the relationship between biologic reaction of inflammation with glycosylation reaction and content of methylglyoxal in blood serum. The positive correlation between pulse wave velocity and content of methylglyoxal, C-reactive protein in intercellular medium and malleolar brachial index value was established. This data matches the experimental results concerning involvement of biological reaction of inflammation into structural changes of elastic type arteries under hypertension disease, formation of arteries' rigidity and increase of pulse wave velocity. The arterial blood pressure is a biological reaction of hydrodynamic pressure which is used in vivo by several biological functions: biological function of homeostasis, function of endoecology, biological function of adaptation and function of locomotion. The biological reaction of hydrodynamic (hydraulic) pressure is a mode of compensation of derangement of several biological functions which results in the very high rate of hypertension disease in population. As a matter of fact, hypertension disease is a syndrome of lingering pathological compensation by higher arterial blood pressure of the biological functions derangements occurring in the distal section at the level of paracrine cenoses of cells. The arterial blood pressure is a kind of in vivo integral indicator of deranged metabolism. The essential hypertension disease pathogenically is a result of the derangement of three biological functions: biological function of homeostasis, biological function of trophology - nutrition (biological reaction of external feeding - exotrophia) and biological function of endoecology. In case of "littering" of intercellular medium in vivo with nonspecific endogenic flogogens a phylogenetically earlier activation of biological reactions of excretion, inflammation and hydrodynamic arterial blood pressure occur. In case of derangement of biological function of homeostasis, decreasing of perfusion even in single paracrine cenoses and derangement of biological function of endoecology ("purity" of intercellular medium) the only response always will be the increase of arterial blood pressure.

Experimental study of oscillating plates in viscous fluids: Qualitative and quantitative analysis of the flow physics and hydrodynamic forces

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Shrestha, Bishwash; Ahsan, Syed N.; Aureli, Matteo

2018-01-01

In this paper, we present a comprehensive experimental study on harmonic oscillations of a submerged rigid plate in a quiescent, incompressible, Newtonian, viscous fluid. The fluid-structure interaction problem is analyzed from both qualitative and quantitative perspectives via a detailed particle image velocimetry (PIV) experimental campaign conducted over a broad range of oscillation frequency and amplitude parameters. Our primary goal is to identify the effect of the oscillation characteristics on the mechanisms of fluid-structure interaction and on the dynamics of vortex shedding and convection and to elucidate the behavior of hydrodynamic forces on the oscillating structure. Towards this goal, we study the flow in terms of qualitative aspects of its pathlines, vortex shedding, and symmetry breaking phenomena and identify distinct hydrodynamic regimes in the vicinity of the oscillating structure. Based on these experimental observations, we produce a novel phase diagram detailing the occurrence of distinct hydrodynamic regimes as a function of relevant governing nondimensional parameters. We further study the hydrodynamic forces associated with each regime using both PIV and direct force measurement via a load cell. Our quantitative results on experimental estimation of hydrodynamic forces show good agreement against predictions from the literature, where numerical and semi-analytical models are available. The findings and observations in this work shed light on the relationship between flow physics, vortex shedding, and convection mechanisms and the hydrodynamic forces acting on a rigid oscillating plate and, as such, have relevance to various engineering applications, including energy harvesting devices, biomimetic robotic system, and micro-mechanical sensors and actuators.

The naphthoate-modifying Cu2 +-detective Bodipy sensors with the fluorescent ON-OFF performance unaffected by molecular configuration

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chen, Yuting; Zhao, Luyang; Jiang, Jianzhuang

2017-03-01

Two new boron-dipyrromethenes decorated with 8-hydroxyquinoline-naphthoate moiety, namely 4,4-difluoro-8-(5-(8-hydroxyquinoline-naphthoate))-3,5-dimethyl-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene (8-HQ-N-DMe-Bodipy) (1) and 4,4-difluoro-8-(5-(8-hydroxyquinoline-naphthoate))-1,3,5,7-tetramethyl-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene (8-HQ-N-TMe-Bodipy) (2) have been synthesized. Single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis discloses the very much similar steric arrangement of 8-hydroxyquinoline-naphthoate moiety in these two compounds as revealed by the close torsion angle of C-C-O-C bridge, 174.15 and 171.81° for 1 and 2, respectively, despite the different dihedral angle between quinoline moiety and Bodipy fluorophore for 1 (73.46°) and 2 (82.26°) due to the steric hindrance originated from the C-1/C-7 methyl substituents on Bodipy core for the latter species. Systemic optical studies unravel the red-shifted absorption and fluorescence emission together with slightly lower quantum yield for 1 relative to that of 2, indicating the configuration effect on their spectroscopic properties. However, the binding of Cu2 + with hydroxyquinoline-naphthoate receptor in both 1 and 2 leads to similar fluorescent quenching characteristic due to the photo-induced electron transfer process on the basis of density functional theory calculations, suggesting their high sensitively fluorescent ON-OFF sensing potential to Cu2 + almost unaffected by molecular configuration.

Evaluation of non-specific binding suppression schemes for neutravidin and alkaline phosphatase at the surface of reticulated vitreous carbon electrodes.

PubMed

Shedge, Hemangi Y; Creager, Stephen E

2010-01-11

Non-specific binding (NSB) of high-molecular-weight proteins onto electrode surfaces can complicate the application of electroanalytical techniques to clinical and environmental research, particularly in biosensor applications. We present herein various strategies to modify the surface of reticulated vitreous carbon (RVC) electrodes to suppress non-specific binding of biomolecules onto its surface. Non-specific binding and specific binding (SB) of two enzyme conjugates, neutravidin-alkaline phosphatase (NA-ALP) and biotinylated alkaline phosphatase (B-ALP), and also neutravidin itself, were studied using hydroquinone diphosphate (HQDP) as an enzyme substrate for ALP inside the pores of RVC electrodes that had been subjected to various modification schemes. The extent of NSB and SB of these biomolecules inside RVC pores was assessed by measuring the initial rate of generation of an electroactive product, hydroquinone (HQ), of the enzyme-catalyzed reaction, using linear scan voltammetry (LSV) for HQ detection. Electrodes functionalized with phenylacetic acid and poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) showed low NSB and high SB (when biotin capture ligands were included in the modification scheme) in comparison with unmodified electrodes and RVC electrodes modified in other ways. A simple sandwich bioassay for neutravidin was performed on the RVC electrode with the lowest NSB. A concentration detection limit of 52+/-2 ng mL(-1) and an absolute detection limit of 5.2+/-0.2 ng were achieved for neutravidin when this assay was performed using a 100 microL sample size.

Entropy-based artificial viscosity stabilization for non-equilibrium Grey Radiation-Hydrodynamics

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Delchini, Marc O., E-mail: delchinm@email.tamu.edu; Ragusa, Jean C., E-mail: jean.ragusa@tamu.edu; Morel, Jim, E-mail: jim.morel@tamu.edu

2015-09-01

The entropy viscosity method is extended to the non-equilibrium Grey Radiation-Hydrodynamic equations. The method employs a viscous regularization to stabilize the numerical solution. The artificial viscosity coefficient is modulated by the entropy production and peaks at shock locations. The added dissipative terms are consistent with the entropy minimum principle. A new functional form of the entropy residual, suitable for the Radiation-Hydrodynamic equations, is derived. We demonstrate that the viscous regularization preserves the equilibrium diffusion limit. The equations are discretized with a standard Continuous Galerkin Finite Element Method and a fully implicit temporal integrator within the MOOSE multiphysics framework. The methodmore » of manufactured solutions is employed to demonstrate second-order accuracy in both the equilibrium diffusion and streaming limits. Several typical 1-D radiation-hydrodynamic test cases with shocks (from Mach 1.05 to Mach 50) are presented to establish the ability of the technique to capture and resolve shocks.« less

Nanoparticle Brownian motion and hydrodynamic interactions in the presence of flow fields

PubMed Central

Uma, B.; Swaminathan, T. N.; Radhakrishnan, R.; Eckmann, D. M.; Ayyaswamy, P. S.

2011-01-01

We consider the Brownian motion of a nanoparticle in an incompressible Newtonian fluid medium (quiescent or fully developed Poiseuille flow) with the fluctuating hydrodynamics approach. The formalism considers situations where both the Brownian motion and the hydrodynamic interactions are important. The flow results have been modified to account for compressibility effects. Different nanoparticle sizes and nearly neutrally buoyant particle densities are also considered. Tracked particles are initially located at various distances from the bounding wall to delineate wall effects. The results for thermal equilibrium are validated by comparing the predictions for the temperatures of the particle with those obtained from the equipartition theorem. The nature of the hydrodynamic interactions is verified by comparing the velocity autocorrelation functions and mean square displacements with analytical and experimental results where available. The equipartition theorem for a Brownian particle in Poiseuille flow is verified for a range of low Reynolds numbers. Numerical predictions of wall interactions with the particle in terms of particle diffusivities are consistent with results, where available. PMID:21918592

A general method for generating bathymetric data for hydrodynamic computer models

USGS Publications Warehouse

Burau, J.R.; Cheng, R.T.

1989-01-01

To generate water depth data from randomly distributed bathymetric data for numerical hydrodymamic models, raw input data from field surveys, water depth data digitized from nautical charts, or a combination of the two are sorted to given an ordered data set on which a search algorithm is used to isolate data for interpolation. Water depths at locations required by hydrodynamic models are interpolated from the bathymetric data base using linear or cubic shape functions used in the finite-element method. The bathymetric database organization and preprocessing, the search algorithm used in finding the bounding points for interpolation, the mathematics of the interpolation formulae, and the features of the automatic generation of water depths at hydrodynamic model grid points are included in the analysis. This report includes documentation of two computer programs which are used to: (1) organize the input bathymetric data; and (2) to interpolate depths for hydrodynamic models. An example of computer program operation is drawn from a realistic application to the San Francisco Bay estuarine system. (Author 's abstract)

Stress-stress correlator in ϕ 4 theory: poles or a cut?

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Moore, Guy D.

2018-05-01

We explore the analytical properties of the traceless stress tensor 2-point function at zero momentum and small frequency (relevant for shear viscosity and hydrodynamic response) in hot, weakly coupled λ ϕ 4 theory. We show that, rather than one or a small number of poles, the correlator has a cut along the negative imaginary frequency axis. We briefly discuss this result's relevance for constructing 2'nd order hydrodynamic models of hot relativistic field theories.

Unsteady non-Newtonian hydrodynamics in granular gases.

PubMed

Astillero, Antonio; Santos, Andrés

2012-02-01

The temporal evolution of a dilute granular gas, both in a compressible flow (uniform longitudinal flow) and in an incompressible flow (uniform shear flow), is investigated by means of the direct simulation Monte Carlo method to solve the Boltzmann equation. Emphasis is laid on the identification of a first "kinetic" stage (where the physical properties are strongly dependent on the initial state) subsequently followed by an unsteady "hydrodynamic" stage (where the momentum fluxes are well-defined non-Newtonian functions of the rate of strain). The simulation data are seen to support this two-stage scenario. Furthermore, the rheological functions obtained from simulation are well described by an approximate analytical solution of a model kinetic equation. © 2012 American Physical Society

32 CFR 323.2 - Applicability.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... DEFENSE LOGISTICS AGENCY PRIVACY PROGRAM § 323.2 Applicability. This part: (a) Applies to Defense Logistics Agency Headquarters (DLA HQ) and all other organizational entities within the Defense Logistics...

32 CFR 323.2 - Applicability.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... DEFENSE LOGISTICS AGENCY PRIVACY PROGRAM § 323.2 Applicability. This part: (a) Applies to Defense Logistics Agency Headquarters (DLA HQ) and all other organizational entities within the Defense Logistics...

Hydroquinone PBPK model refinement and application to dermal exposure.

PubMed

Poet, Torka S; Carlton, Betsy D; Deyo, James A; Hinderliter, Paul M

2010-11-01

A physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model for hydroquinone (HQ) was refined to include an expanded description of HQ-glucuronide metabolites and a description of dermal exposures to support route-to-route and cross-species extrapolation. Total urinary excretion of metabolites from in vivo rat dermal exposures was used to estimate a percutaneous permeability coefficient (K(p); 3.6×10(-5) cm/h). The human in vivo K(p) was estimated to be 1.62×10(-4) cm/h, based on in vitro skin permeability data in rats and humans and rat in vivo values. The projected total multi-substituted glutathione (which was used as an internal dose surrogate for the toxic glutathione metabolites) was modeled following an exposure scenario based on submersion of both hands in a 5% aqueous solution of HQ (similar to black and white photographic developing solution) for 2 h, a worst-case exposure scenario. Total multi-substituted glutathione following this human dermal exposure scenario was several orders of magnitude lower than the internal total glutathione conjugates in rats following an oral exposure to the rat NOEL of 20 mg/kg. Thus, under more realistic human dermal exposure conditions, it is unlikely that toxic glutathione conjugates (primarily the di- and, to a lesser degree, the tri-glutathione conjugate) will reach significant levels in target tissues. Copyright © 2010. Published by Elsevier Ltd.

Necrosis avid near infrared fluorescent cyanines for imaging cell death and their use to monitor therapeutic efficacy in mouse tumor models

PubMed Central

Xie, Bangwen; Stammes, Marieke A.; van Driel, Pieter B.A.A.; Cruz, Luis J.; Knol-Blankevoort, Vicky T.; Löwik, Martijn A.M.; Mezzanotte, Laura; Que, Ivo; Chan, Alan; van den Wijngaard, Jeroen P.H.M.; Siebes, Maria; Gottschalk, Sven; Razansky, Daniel; Ntziachristos, Vasilis; Keereweer, Stijn; Horobin, Richard W.; Hoehn, Mathias; Kaijzel, Eric L.; van Beek, Ermond R.; Snoeks, Thomas J.A.; Löwik, Clemens W.G.M.

2015-01-01

Quantification of tumor necrosis in cancer patients is of diagnostic value as the amount of necrosis is correlated with disease prognosis and it could also be used to predict early efficacy of anti-cancer treatments. In the present study, we identified two near infrared fluorescent (NIRF) carboxylated cyanines, HQ5 and IRDye 800CW (800CW), which possess strong necrosis avidity. In vitro studies showed that both dyes selectively bind to cytoplasmic proteins of dead cells that have lost membrane integrity. Affinity for cytoplasmic proteins was confirmed using quantitative structure activity relations modeling. In vivo results, using NIRF and optoacoustic imaging, confirmed the necrosis avid properties of HQ5 and 800CW in a mouse 4T1 breast cancer tumor model of spontaneous necrosis. Finally, in a mouse EL4 lymphoma tumor model, already 24 h post chemotherapy, a significant increase in 800CW fluorescence intensity was observed in treated compared to untreated tumors. In conclusion, we show, for the first time, that the NIRF carboxylated cyanines HQ5 and 800CW possess strong necrosis avid properties in vitro and in vivo. When translated to the clinic, these dyes may be used for diagnostic or prognostic purposes and for monitoring in vivo tumor response early after the start of treatment. PMID:26472022

Flow sensing by pinniped whiskers

PubMed Central

Miersch, L.; Hanke, W.; Wieskotten, S.; Hanke, F. D.; Oeffner, J.; Leder, A.; Brede, M.; Witte, M.; Dehnhardt, G.

2011-01-01

Beside their haptic function, vibrissae of harbour seals (Phocidae) and California sea lions (Otariidae) both represent highly sensitive hydrodynamic receptor systems, although their vibrissal hair shafts differ considerably in structure. To quantify the sensory performance of both hair types, isolated single whiskers were used to measure vortex shedding frequencies produced in the wake of a cylinder immersed in a rotational flow tank. These measurements revealed that both whisker types were able to detect the vortex shedding frequency but differed considerably with respect to the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). While the signal detected by sea lion whiskers was substantially corrupted by noise, harbour seal whiskers showed a higher SNR with largely reduced noise. However, further analysis revealed that in sea lion whiskers, each noise signal contained a dominant frequency suggested to function as a characteristic carrier signal. While in harbour seal whiskers the unique surface structure explains its high sensitivity, this more or less steady fundamental frequency might represent the mechanism underlying hydrodynamic reception in the fast swimming sea lion by being modulated in response to hydrodynamic stimuli impinging on the hair. PMID:21969689

Tidal flushing and wind driven circulation of Ahe atoll lagoon (Tuamotu Archipelago, French Polynesia) from in situ observations and numerical modelling.

PubMed

Dumas, F; Le Gendre, R; Thomas, Y; Andréfouët, S

2012-01-01

Hydrodynamic functioning and water circulation of the semi-closed deep lagoon of Ahe atoll (Tuamotu Archipelago, French Polynesia) were investigated using 1 year of field data and a 3D hydrodynamical model. Tidal amplitude averaged less than 30 cm, but tide generated very strong currents (2 ms(-1)) in the pass, creating a jet-like circulation that partitioned the lagoon into three residual circulation cells. The pass entirely flushed excess water brought by waves-induced radiation stress. Circulation patterns were computed for climatological meteorological conditions and summarized with stream function and flushing time. Lagoon hydrodynamics and general overturning circulation was driven by wind. Renewal time was 250 days, whereas the e-flushing time yielded a lagoon-wide 80-days average. Tide-driven flush through the pass and wind-driven overturning circulation designate Ahe as a wind-driven, tidally and weakly wave-flushed deep lagoon. The 3D model allows studying pearl oyster larvae dispersal in both realistic and climatological conditions for aquaculture applications. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Hydrodynamic entrainment in micro-confined suspensions and its implications for two-point microrheology

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Aponte-Rivera, Christian; Zia, Roseanna N.

2017-11-01

We study hydrodynamic entrainment in spherically confined colloidal suspensions of hydrodynamically interacting particles as a model system for intracellular and other micro-confined biophysical transport. Modeling of transport and rheology in such materials requires an accurate description of the microscopic forces driving particle motion and of particle interactions with nearby boundaries. We carry out dynamic simulations of concentrated, spherically confined colloids as a model system to study the effect of 3D confinement on entrainment and rheology. We show that entrainment between two tracer particles exhibits qualitatively different functional dependence on inter-particle separation as compared to an unbound suspension, and develop a scaling theory that collapses the concentrated mobility of spherically confined suspensions for all volume fractions and particle to cavity size ratios onto a master curve. For widely separated particles, the master curve can be predicted via a Green's function, which suggests a framework with which to conduct two-point microrheology measurements near confining boundaries. The implications of these results for experiments in micro-confined biophysical systems, such as the interior of eukaryotic cells, are discussed.

Colloid-colloid hydrodynamic interaction around a bend in a quasi-one-dimensional channel.

PubMed

Liepold, Christopher; Zarcone, Ryan; Heumann, Tibor; Rice, Stuart A; Lin, Binhua

2017-07-01

We report a study of how a bend in a quasi-one-dimensional (q1D) channel containing a colloid suspension at equilibrium that exhibits single-file particle motion affects the hydrodynamic coupling between colloid particles. We observe both structural and dynamical responses as the bend angle becomes more acute. The structural response is an increasing depletion of particles in the vicinity of the bend and an increase in the nearest-neighbor separation in the pair correlation function for particles on opposite sides of the bend. The dynamical response monitored by the change in the self-diffusion [D_{11}(x)] and coupling [D_{12}(x)] terms of the pair diffusion tensor reveals that the pair separation dependence of D_{12} mimics that of the pair correlation function just as in a straight q1D channel. We show that the observed behavior is a consequence of the boundary conditions imposed on the q1D channel: both the single-file motion and the hydrodynamic flow must follow the channel around the bend.

32 CFR 291.2 - Applicability.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... INFORMATION ACT PROGRAM DEFENSE NUCLEAR AGENCY (DNA) FREEDOM OF INFORMATION ACT PROGRAM § 291.2 Applicability. This part applies to Headquarters, Defense Nuclear Agency (HQ, DNA), Field Command, Defense Nuclear...

32 CFR 291.2 - Applicability.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... INFORMATION ACT PROGRAM DEFENSE NUCLEAR AGENCY (DNA) FREEDOM OF INFORMATION ACT PROGRAM § 291.2 Applicability. This part applies to Headquarters, Defense Nuclear Agency (HQ, DNA), Field Command, Defense Nuclear...

32 CFR 291.2 - Applicability.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... INFORMATION ACT PROGRAM DEFENSE NUCLEAR AGENCY (DNA) FREEDOM OF INFORMATION ACT PROGRAM § 291.2 Applicability. This part applies to Headquarters, Defense Nuclear Agency (HQ, DNA), Field Command, Defense Nuclear...

32 CFR 291.2 - Applicability.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... INFORMATION ACT PROGRAM DEFENSE NUCLEAR AGENCY (DNA) FREEDOM OF INFORMATION ACT PROGRAM § 291.2 Applicability. This part applies to Headquarters, Defense Nuclear Agency (HQ, DNA), Field Command, Defense Nuclear...

32 CFR 291.2 - Applicability.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... INFORMATION ACT PROGRAM DEFENSE NUCLEAR AGENCY (DNA) FREEDOM OF INFORMATION ACT PROGRAM § 291.2 Applicability. This part applies to Headquarters, Defense Nuclear Agency (HQ, DNA), Field Command, Defense Nuclear...

Brownian dynamics without Green's functions

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Delong, Steven; Donev, Aleksandar, E-mail: donev@courant.nyu.edu; Usabiaga, Florencio Balboa

2014-04-07

We develop a Fluctuating Immersed Boundary (FIB) method for performing Brownian dynamics simulations of confined particle suspensions. Unlike traditional methods which employ analytical Green's functions for Stokes flow in the confined geometry, the FIB method uses a fluctuating finite-volume Stokes solver to generate the action of the response functions “on the fly.” Importantly, we demonstrate that both the deterministic terms necessary to capture the hydrodynamic interactions among the suspended particles, as well as the stochastic terms necessary to generate the hydrodynamically correlated Brownian motion, can be generated by solving the steady Stokes equations numerically only once per time step. Thismore » is accomplished by including a stochastic contribution to the stress tensor in the fluid equations consistent with fluctuating hydrodynamics. We develop novel temporal integrators that account for the multiplicative nature of the noise in the equations of Brownian dynamics and the strong dependence of the mobility on the configuration for confined systems. Notably, we propose a random finite difference approach to approximating the stochastic drift proportional to the divergence of the configuration-dependent mobility matrix. Through comparisons with analytical and existing computational results, we numerically demonstrate the ability of the FIB method to accurately capture both the static (equilibrium) and dynamic properties of interacting particles in flow.« less

Physical Intrepretation of Mathematically Invariant K(r,P) Type Equations of State for Hydrodynamically Driven Flow

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hrbek, George

2001-06-01

At SCCM Shock 99, Lie Group Theory was applied to the problem of temperature independent, hydrodynamic shock in a Birch-Murnaghan continuum. (1) Ratios of the group parameters were shown to be linked to the physical parameters specified in the second, third, and fourth order BM-EOS approximations. This effort has subsequently been extended to provide a general formalism for a wide class of mathematical forms (i.e., K(r,P)) of the equation of state. Variations in material expansion and resistance (i.e., counter pressure) are shown to be functions of compression and material variation ahead of the expanding front. Specific examples included the Birch-Murnaghan, Vinet, Brennan-Stacey, Shanker, Tait, Poirier, and Jones-Wilkins-Lee (JWL) forms. (2) With these ratios defined, the next step is to predict the behavior of these K(r,P) type solids. To do this, one must introduce the group ratios into a numerical simulation for the flow and generate the density, pressure, and particle velocity profiles as the shock moves through the material. This will allow the various equations of state, and their respective fitting coefficients, to be compared with experiments, and additionally, allow the empirical coefficients for these EOS forms to be adjusted accordingly. (1) Hrbek, G. M., Invariant Functional Forms For The Second, Third, And Fourth Order Birch-Murnaghan Equation of State For Materials Subject to Hydrodynamic Shock, Proceedings of the 11th American Physical Society Topical Group Meeting on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter (SCCM Shock 99), Snowbird, Utah (2) Hrbek, G. M., Invariant Functional Forms For K(r,P) Type Equations Of State For Hydrodynamically Driven Flows, Submitted to the 12th American Physical Society Topical Group Meeting on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter (SCCM Shock 01), Atlanta, Georgia

Invariant Functional Forms for K(r,P) Type Equations of State for Hydrodynamically Driven Flow

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hrbek, George

2001-06-01

At the 11th American Physical Society Topical Group Meeting on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter, Group Theoretic Methods, as defined by Lie were applied to the problem of temperature independent, hydrodynamic shock in a Birch-Murnaghan continuum. (1) Group parameter ratios were linked to the physical quantities (i.e., KT, K'T, and K''T) specified for the various order Birch-Murnaghan approximations. This technique has now been generalized to provide a mathematical formalism applicable to a wide class of forms (i.e., K(r,P)) for the equation of state. Variations in material expansion and resistance (i.e., counter pressure) are shown to be functions of compression and material variation ahead of the expanding front. Illustrative examples include the Birch-Murnaghan, Vinet, Brennan-Stacey, Shanker, Tait, Poirier, and Jones-Wilkins-Lee (JWL) forms. The results of this study will allow the various equations of state, and their respective fitting coefficients, to be compared with experiments. To do this, one must introduce the group ratios into a numerical simulation for the flow and generate the density, pressure, and particle velocity profiles as the shock moves through the material. (2) (1) Hrbek, G. M., Invariant Functional Forms For The Second, Third, And Fourth Order Birch-Murnaghan Equation of State For Materials Subject to Hydrodynamic Shock, Proceedings of the 11th American Physical Society Topical Group Meeting on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter (SCCM Shock 99), Snowbird, Utah (2) Hrbek, G. M., Physical Interpretation of Mathematically Invariant K(r,P) Type Equations Of State For Hydrodynamically Driven Flows, Submitted to the 12th American Physical Society Topical Group Meeting on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter (SCCM Shock 01), Atlanta, Georgia

Fluid dynamics of out of equilibrium boost invariant plasmas

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Blaizot, Jean-Paul; Yan, Li

2018-05-01

By solving a simple kinetic equation, in the relaxation time approximation, and for a particular set of moments of the distribution function, we establish a set of equations which, on the one hand, capture exactly the dynamics of the kinetic equation, and, on the other hand, coincide with the hierarchy of equations of viscous hydrodynamics, to arbitrary order in the viscous corrections. This correspondence sheds light on the underlying mechanism responsible for the apparent success of hydrodynamics in regimes that are far from local equilibrium.

Anomalous-hydrodynamic analysis of charge-dependent elliptic flow in heavy-ion collisions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hongo, Masaru; Hirono, Yuji; Hirano, Tetsufumi

2017-12-01

Anomalous hydrodynamics is a low-energy effective theory that captures effects of quantum anomalies. We develop a numerical code of ideal anomalous hydrodynamics and apply it to dynamics of heavy-ion collisions, where anomalous transports are expected to occur. We discuss implications of the simulations for possible experimental observations of anomalous transport effects. From analyses of the charge-dependent elliptic flow parameters (v2±) as a function of the net charge asymmetry A±, we find that the linear dependence of Δ v2± ≡ v2- - v2+ on the net charge asymmetry A± can come from a mechanism unrelated to anomalous transport effects. Instead, we find that a finite intercept Δ v2± (A± = 0) can come from anomalous effects.

Unconventional transport in ultraclean graphene constriction devices

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Pita Vidal, Marta; Ma, Qiong; Watanabe, Kenji; Taniguchi, Takashi; Jarillo-Herrero, Pablo

Under mesoscopic conditions, strong electron-electron interactions and weak electron-phonon coupling in graphene lead to hydrodynamic behavior of electrons, resulting in unusual and unexpected transport phenomena. Specifically, this hydrodynamical collective cooperation of electrons is predicted to enhance the flow of electrical current, leading to a striking higher-than-ballistic conductance through a narrow geometrical constriction. To access the hydrodynamic regime, we fabricated high-quality, low-disorder graphene nano-constriction devices encapsulated by hexagonal boron nitride, where electron-electron scattering dominates impurity scattering. We will report on our systematic four-probe conductance measurements on devices with different constriction widths as a function of number density and temperature. The observation of quantum transport phenomena that are inconsistent with the non-interacting ballistic free-fermion model would suggest a macroscopic transport signature of electron viscosity.

Dark-ages Reionization and Galaxy Formation Simulation - XIV. Gas accretion, cooling, and star formation in dwarf galaxies at high redshift

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Qin, Yuxiang; Duffy, Alan R.; Mutch, Simon J.; Poole, Gregory B.; Geil, Paul M.; Mesinger, Andrei; Wyithe, J. Stuart B.

2018-06-01

We study dwarf galaxy formation at high redshift (z ≥ 5) using a suite of high-resolution, cosmological hydrodynamic simulations and a semi-analytic model (SAM). We focus on gas accretion, cooling, and star formation in this work by isolating the relevant process from reionization and supernova feedback, which will be further discussed in a companion paper. We apply the SAM to halo merger trees constructed from a collisionless N-body simulation sharing identical initial conditions to the hydrodynamic suite, and calibrate the free parameters against the stellar mass function predicted by the hydrodynamic simulations at z = 5. By making comparisons of the star formation history and gas components calculated by the two modelling techniques, we find that semi-analytic prescriptions that are commonly adopted in the literature of low-redshift galaxy formation do not accurately represent dwarf galaxy properties in the hydrodynamic simulation at earlier times. We propose three modifications to SAMs that will provide more accurate high-redshift simulations. These include (1) the halo mass and baryon fraction which are overestimated by collisionless N-body simulations; (2) the star formation efficiency which follows a different cosmic evolutionary path from the hydrodynamic simulation; and (3) the cooling rate which is not well defined for dwarf galaxies at high redshift. Accurate semi-analytic modelling of dwarf galaxy formation informed by detailed hydrodynamical modelling will facilitate reliable semi-analytic predictions over the large volumes needed for the study of reionization.

Microscopic diffusion and hydrodynamic interactions of hemoglobin in red blood cells.

PubMed

Doster, Wolfgang; Longeville, Stéphane

2007-08-15

The cytoplasm of red blood cells is congested with the oxygen storage protein hemoglobin occupying a quarter of the cell volume. The high protein concentration leads to a reduced mobility; the self-diffusion coefficient of hemoglobin in blood cells is six times lower than in dilute solution. This effect is generally assigned to excluded volume effects in crowded media. However, the collective or gradient diffusion coefficient of hemoglobin is only weakly dependent on concentration, suggesting the compensation of osmotic and friction forces. This would exclude hydrodynamic interactions, which are of dynamic origin and do not contribute to the osmotic pressure. Hydrodynamic coupling between protein molecules is dominant at short time- and length scales before direct interactions are fully established. Employing neutron spin-echo-spectroscopy, we study hemoglobin diffusion on a nanosecond timescale and protein displacements on the scale of a few nanometers. A time- and wave-vector dependent diffusion coefficient is found, suggesting the crossover of self- and collective diffusion. Moreover, a wave-vector dependent friction function is derived, which is a characteristic feature of hydrodynamic interactions. The wave-vector and concentration dependence of the long-time self-diffusion coefficient of hemoglobin agree qualitatively with theoretical results on hydrodynamics in hard spheres suspensions. Quantitative agreement requires us to adjust the volume fraction by including part of the hydration shell: Proteins exhibit a larger surface/volume ratio compared to standard colloids of much larger size. It is concluded that hydrodynamic and not direct interactions dominate long-range molecular transport at high concentration.

Heterogeneity of hydrodynamic properties and groundwater circulation of a coastal andesitic volcanic aquifer controlled by tectonic induced faults and rock fracturing - Martinique island (Lesser Antilles - FWI)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Vittecoq, B.; Reninger, P. A.; Violette, S.; Martelet, G.; Dewandel, B.; Audru, J. C.

2015-10-01

We conducted a multidisciplinary study to analyze the structure and the hydrogeological functioning of an andesitic coastal aquifer and to highlight the importance of faults and associated rock fracturing on groundwater flow. A helicopter-borne geophysical survey with an unprecedented resolution (SkyTEM) was flown over this aquifer in 2013. TDEM resistivity, total magnetic intensity, geological and hydrogeological data from 30 boreholes and two pumping tests were correlated, including one which lasted an exceptional 15 months. We demonstrate that heterogeneous hydrodynamic properties and channelized flows result from tectonically-controlled aquifer compartmentalization along the structural directions of successive tectonic phases. Significant fracturing of the central compartment results in enhanced hydrodynamic properties of the aquifer and an inverse relationship between electrical resistivity and transmissivity. Basalts within the fractured compartment have lower resistivity and higher permeability than basalts outside the compartment. Pumping tests demonstrate that the key factor is the hydraulic conductivity contrast between compartments rather than the hydrodynamic properties of the fault structure. In addition, compartmentalization and associated transmissivity contrasts protect the aquifer from seawater intrusion. Finally, unlike basaltic volcanic islands, the age of the volcanic formations is not the key factor that determines hydrodynamic properties of andesitic islands. Basalts that are several million years old (15 Ma here) have favorable hydrodynamic properties that are generated or maintained by earthquakes/faulting that result from active subduction beneath these islands, which is superimposed on their primary permeability.

Graphite-silicone rubber composite electrode: Preparation and possibilities of analytical application.

PubMed

de Oliveira, Aline Carlos; dos Santos, Sidney Xavier; Cavalheiro, Eder Tadeu Gomes

2008-01-15

Composite electrodes were prepared using graphite powder and silicone rubber in different compositions. The use of such hydrophopic materials interned to diminish the swallowing observed in other cases when the electrodes are used in aqueous solutions for a long time. The composite was characterized for the response reproducibility, ohmic resistance, thermal behavior and active area. The voltammetric response in relation to analytes with known voltammetric behavior was also evaluated, always in comparison with the glassy carbon. The 70% (graphite, w/w) composite electrode was used in the quantitative determination of hydroquinone (HQ) in a DPV procedure in which a detection limit of 5.1x10(-8)molL(-1) was observed. HQ was determined in a photographic developer sample with errors lower then 1% in relation to the label value.

SAFETY ANALYSIS REPORT FOR PACKAGING, MODEL 9977, ADDENDUM 3, JUSTIFICATION FOR SMALL GRAM QUANTITY CONTENTS

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Abramczyk, G.

2011-10-31

This Addendum establishes a new family of content envelopes consisting of small quantities of radioactive materials. These content envelopes and specific packing configurations are shown to be subcritical. However, the dose rates of some payloads must be measured and shown to comply with applicable radiation limits. Authorization for shipment of the content envelop requires acceptance of this Addendum by the DOE-HQ certifying official as a supplement to the 9977 SARP Revision 2 and DOE-HQ's subsequent revision of the CoC Revision 10 (which is based on SARP Addendum 2 and SARP Addendum 4) to authorize the additional content envelope. The Smallmore » Gram Quantity Content Envelopes and packing configurations will be incorporated in the next revision of the 9977 SARP.« less

Hydrodynamic simulation and particle-tracking techniques for identification of source areas to public-water intakes on the St. Clair-Detroit river waterway in the Great Lakes Basin

USGS Publications Warehouse

Holtschlag, David J.; Koschik, John A.

2004-01-01

Source areas to public water intakes on the St. Clair-Detroit River Waterway were identified by use of hydrodynamic simulation and particle-tracking analyses to help protect public supplies from contaminant spills and discharges. This report describes techniques used to identify these areas and illustrates typical results using selected points on St. Clair River and Lake St. Clair. Parameterization of an existing two-dimensional hydrodynamic model (RMA2) of the St. Clair-Detroit River Waterway was enhanced to improve estimation of local flow velocities. Improvements in simulation accuracy were achieved by computing channel roughness coefficients as a function of flow depth, and determining eddy viscosity coefficients on the basis of velocity data. The enhanced parameterization was combined with refinements in the model mesh near 13 public water intakes on the St. Clair-Detroit River Waterway to improve the resolution of flow velocities while maintaining consistency with flow and water-level data. Scenarios representing a range of likely flow and wind conditions were developed for hydrodynamic simulation. Particle-tracking analyses combined advective movements described by hydrodynamic scenarios with random components associated with sub-grid-scale movement and turbulent mixing to identify source areas to public water intakes.

Fluctuating hydrodynamics for multiscale modeling and simulation: energy and heat transfer in molecular fluids.

PubMed

Shang, Barry Z; Voulgarakis, Nikolaos K; Chu, Jhih-Wei

2012-07-28

This work illustrates that fluctuating hydrodynamics (FHD) simulations can be used to capture the thermodynamic and hydrodynamic responses of molecular fluids at the nanoscale, including those associated with energy and heat transfer. Using all-atom molecular dynamics (MD) trajectories as the reference data, the atomistic coordinates of each snapshot are mapped onto mass, momentum, and energy density fields on Eulerian grids to generate a corresponding field trajectory. The molecular length-scale associated with finite molecule size is explicitly imposed during this coarse-graining by requiring that the variances of density fields scale inversely with the grid volume. From the fluctuations of field variables, the response functions and transport coefficients encoded in the all-atom MD trajectory are computed. By using the extracted fluid properties in FHD simulations, we show that the fluctuations and relaxation of hydrodynamic fields quantitatively match with those observed in the reference all-atom MD trajectory, hence establishing compatibility between the atomistic and field representations. We also show that inclusion of energy transfer in the FHD equations can more accurately capture the thermodynamic and hydrodynamic responses of molecular fluids. The results indicate that the proposed MD-to-FHD mapping with explicit consideration of finite molecule size provides a robust framework for coarse-graining the solution phase of complex molecular systems.

Experimental investigation of the hydrodynamic forces on the shroud of a centrifugal pump impeller. Thesis

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Zhuang, Fei

1989-01-01

Fluid-induced forces acting on a rotating impeller are known to cause rotor-dynamic problems in turbomachines. The forces generated by leakage flow along the front shroud surface of a centrifugal turbomachine impeller play an important role among these fluid-induced forces. The present research was aimed to gain a better understanding of these shroud forces. An experimental apparatus was designed and constructed to simulate the impeller shroud leakage flow. Hydrodynamic forces and steady and unsteady pressure distributions on the rotating shroud were measured as functions of eccentricity, width of shroud clearance, face seal clearance and shaft rotating speed. The forces measured from the dynamometer and manometers agreed well. The hydrodynamic force matrices were found skew-symmetric and statically unstable. This is qualitatively similar to the result of previous hydrodynamic volute force measurements. Nondimensionalized normal and tangential forces decrease slightly as Reynolds number increases. As the width of the shroud clearance decreases and/or the eccentricity increases, the hydrodynamic forces increase nonlinearly. There was some evidence found that increased front seal clearance could reduce the radial shroud forces and the relative magnitude of the destabilizing tangential force. Subharmonic pressure fluctuations were also observed which may adversely affect the behavior of the rotor system.

Analytical Phase Equilibrium Function for Mixtures Obeying Raoult's and Henry's Laws

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hayes, Robert

When a mixture of two substances exists in both the liquid and gas phase at equilibrium, Raoults and Henry's laws (ideal solution and ideal dilute solution approximations) can be used to estimate the gas and liquid mole fractions at the extremes of either very little solute or solvent. By assuming that a cubic polynomial can reasonably approximate the intermediate values to these extremes as a function of mole fraction, the cubic polynomial is solved and presented. A closed form equation approximating the pressure dependence on mole fraction of the constituents is thereby obtained. As a first approximation, this is a very simple and potentially useful means to estimate gas and liquid mole fractions of equilibrium mixtures. Mixtures with an azeotrope require additional attention if this type of approach is to be utilized. This work supported in part by federal Grant NRC-HQ-84-14-G-0059.

14 CFR 1260.6 - Publication.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... § 1260.6 Publication. The official site for accessing the NASA Grant and Cooperative Agreement Handbook, including current Grant Notices, is on the internet at: http://ec.msfc.nasa.gov/hq/grcover.htm ...

14 CFR 1260.6 - Publication.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... § 1260.6 Publication. The official site for accessing the NASA Grant and Cooperative Agreement Handbook, including current Grant Notices, is on the internet at: http://ec.msfc.nasa.gov/hq/grcover.htm ...

14 CFR 1260.6 - Publication.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... § 1260.6 Publication. The official site for accessing the NASA Grant and Cooperative Agreement Handbook, including current Grant Notices, is on the internet at: http://ec.msfc.nasa.gov/hq/grcover.htm ...

14 CFR 1260.6 - Publication.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... § 1260.6 Publication. The official site for accessing the NASA Grant and Cooperative Agreement Handbook, including current Grant Notices, is on the internet at: http://ec.msfc.nasa.gov/hq/grcover.htm ...

75 FR 26754 - Pesticide Products; Registration Applications

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-05-12

... Use/Terrestrial Non- food Crops: Landscape ornamentals and turf grass (including sod farms) and...) and turf grass (including sod farms) Docket ID Number: EPA-HQ-OPP-2010-0349. New Active Ingredient...

Evaluation of a hydroquinone-free skin brightening product using in vitro inhibition of melanogenesis and clinical reduction of ultraviolet-induced hyperpigmentation.

PubMed

Makino, Elizabeth T T; Mehta, Rahul C C; Banga, Ajay; Jain, Piyush; Sigler, Monya L L; Sonti, Sujatha

2013-03-01

Skin lightening preparations are used by people all over the world for a diverse range of dermatologic indications. Hydroquinone (HQ) is the gold standard and remains the only prescription product available in the United States for the treatment of generalized facial hyperpigmentation. Irritation and the risk of exogenous ochronosis are the main adverse effects for concern. Therefore, there has been a constant search for new treatment alternatives. Understanding the molecular mechanisms involved in pigmentation has resulted in the development of a series of formulations that utilize a multimodal treatment approach. These proprietary formulas combine skin lightening agents that act via different mechanisms of action. The actives included 4-ethoxybenzaldehyde (anti-inflammatory and prostaglandin E2 suppressor), licorice extract (tyrosinase inhibitor), tetrahexyldecyl ascorbate (antioxidant), niacinamide (melanosome transport inhibitor), ethyl linoleate (tyrosinase inhibitor; enhances turnover of epidermis), hexylresorcinol (tyrosinase inhibitor), and retinol (tyrosinase transcription inhibitor; enhances turnover of epidermis). Select formulations were tested in several studies using the MelanoDerm™ Skin Model (MatTek Corporation, Ashland, MA) to assess the ability of the product to reduce melanin production and distribution. A single-center, double-blind comparison clinical study of 18 subjects was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of the product in reducing ultraviolet-induced hyperpigmentation. Test sites were irradiated with 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, and 2.5 minimal erythema doses. After 5 days, to allow for pigmentation development, the product or 4% HQ cream was applied to the respective test sites, once daily for 4 weeks. Chroma Meter measurements (L* brightness) and standardized digital photographs were taken of the test sites twice a week. The test product resulted in greater reduction in melanin as measured by melanin content and histological staining compared with the positive control in the MelanoDerm Skin Model. The product also demonstrated statistically significant reductions in pigmentation compared with baseline (all P ≤.0001) at the end of the clinical study, and produced greater increases in L*, compared with 4% HQ. Results from these studies indicate that a product designed to affect multiple pathways of melanogenesis and melanin distribution may provide an additional treatment option beyond HQ for hyperpigmentation.

[Characteristics of ammonia volatilization and nitrous oxide emission from a paddy soil under continuous application of different slow/controlled release urea.

PubMed

Sun, Xiang Xin; Li, Dong Po; Wu, Zhi Jie; Cui, Ya Lan; Han, Mei; Li, Yong Hua; Yang, De Fu; Cui, Yong Kun

2016-06-01

The characteristics of ammonia volatilization and nitrous oxide emission from a paddy soil were examined under 9-year application of different slow/controlled release urea with the common large granule urea (U) as the control. The results showed that compared with the control, all slow/controlled release urea treatments, except 25.8% increase of ammonia volatilization under 1% 3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate (DMPP)+U, could decrease the ammonia volatilization. Polymer coated urea (PCU) dominated the highest reduction of 73.4% compared to U, followed by sulfur coated urea (SCU) (72.2%), 0.5% N-(N-butyl) thiophosphoric triamide (NBPT)+1% DMPP+U (71.9%), 1% hydroquinone (HQ)+3% dicyandiamide (DCD)+U (46.9%), 0.5% NBPT+U (43.2%), 1% HQ +U (40.2%), 3% DCD+U (25.5%), and the ammonia volatilization under different slow/controlled release urea treatments were statistically lower than that of U (P<0.05). 1% DMPP+U caused the lowest emission of N 2 O under different slow/controlled release urea treatments. The slow/controlled release urea also had a significant potential of N 2 O emission reduction: 1% DMPP+U showed the highest reduction of 74.9% compared to U, followed by PCU (62.1%), 1% HQ+3% DCD+U (54.7%), 0.5% NBPT+1% DMPP+U (42.2%), 3% DCD+U (35.9%), 1% HQ +U (28.9%), 0.5% NBPT+U (17.7%), SCU (14.5%), and N 2 O emissions under different slow/controlled release urea treatments were statistically lower than that of U (P<0.05). The comprehensive analysis showed that 0.5% NBPT+1% DMPP+U, SCU and PCU had similar effects on decreasing the ammonia volatilization and N 2 O emission and were remarkably better than the other treatments. The slow release urea with the combination of urease and nitrification inhibitors should be the first choice for reducing N loss and environmental pollution in paddy field, in view of the higher costs of coated urea fertilizers.

TU-CD-BRB-10: 18F-FDG PET Image-Derived Tumor Features Highlight Altered Pathways Identified by Trancriptomic Analysis in Head and Neck Cancer

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Tixier, F; INSERM UMR1101 LaTIM, Brest; Cheze-Le-Rest, C

2015-06-15

Purpose: Several quantitative features can be extracted from 18F-FDG PET images, such as standardized uptake values (SUVs), metabolic tumor volume (MTV), shape characterization (SC) or intra-tumor radiotracer heterogeneity quantification (HQ). Some of these features calculated from baseline 18F-FDG PET images have shown a prognostic and predictive clinical value. It has been hypothesized that these features highlight underlying tumor patho-physiological processes at smaller scales. The objective of this study was to investigate the ability of recovering alterations of signaling pathways from FDG PET image-derived features. Methods: 52 patients were prospectively recruited from two medical centers (Brest and Poitiers). All patients underwentmore » an FDG PET scan for staging and biopsies of both healthy and primary tumor tissues. Biopsies went through a transcriptomic analysis performed in four spates on 4×44k chips (Agilent™). Primary tumors were delineated in the PET images using the Fuzzy Locally Adaptive Bayesian algorithm and characterized using 10 features including SUVs, SC and HQ. A module network algorithm followed by functional annotation was exploited in order to link PET features with signaling pathways alterations. Results: Several PET-derived features were found to discriminate differentially expressed genes between tumor and healthy tissue (fold-change >2, p<0.01) into 30 co-regulated groups (p<0.05). Functional annotations applied to these groups of genes highlighted associations with well-known pathways involved in cancer processes, such as cell proliferation and apoptosis, as well as with more specific ones such as unsaturated fatty acids. Conclusion: Quantitative features extracted from baseline 18F-FDG PET images usually exploited only for diagnosis and staging, were identified in this work as being related to specific altered pathways and may show promise as tools for personalizing treatment decisions.« less

Propulsion and hydrodynamic particle transport of magnetically twisted colloidal ribbons

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Massana-Cid, Helena; Martinez-Pedrero, Fernando; Navarro-Argemí, Eloy; Pagonabarraga, Ignacio; Tierno, Pietro

2017-10-01

We describe a method to trap, transport and release microscopic particles in a viscous fluid using the hydrodynamic flow field generated by a magnetically propelled colloidal ribbon. The ribbon is composed of ferromagnetic microellipsoids that arrange with their long axis parallel to each other, a configuration that is energetically favorable due to their permanent magnetic moments. We use an external precessing magnetic field to torque the anisotropic particles forming the ribbon, and to induce propulsion of the entire structure due to the hydrodynamic coupling with the close substrate. The propulsion speed of the ribbon can be controlled by varying the driving frequency, or the amplitude of the precessing field. The latter parameter is also used to reduce the average inter particle distance and to induce the twisting of the ribbon due to the increase in the attraction between the rotating ellipsoids. Furthermore, non magnetic particles are attracted or repelled with the hydrodynamic flow field generated by the propelling ribbon. The proposed method may be used in channel free microfluidic applications, where the precise trapping and transport of functionalized particles via non invasive magnetic fields is required.

Hydrodynamic blade guide

DOEpatents

Blaedel, Kenneth L.; Davis, Pete J.; Landram, Charles S.

2000-01-01

A saw having a self-pumped hydrodynamic blade guide or bearing for retaining the saw blade in a centered position in the saw kerf (width of cut made by the saw). The hydrodynamic blade guide or bearing utilizes pockets or grooves incorporated into the sides of the blade. The saw kerf in the workpiece provides the guide or bearing stator surface. Both sides of the blade entrain cutting fluid as the blade enters the kerf in the workpiece, and the trapped fluid provides pressure between the blade and the workpiece as an inverse function of the gap between the blade surface and the workpiece surface. If the blade wanders from the center of the kerf, then one gap will increase and one gap will decrease and the consequent pressure difference between the two sides of the blade will cause the blade to re-center itself in the kerf. Saws using the hydrodynamic blade guide or bearing have particular application in slicing slabs from boules of single crystal materials, for example, as well as for cutting other difficult to saw materials such as ceramics, glass, and brittle composite materials.

A linked hydrodynamic and water quality model for the Salton Sea

USGS Publications Warehouse

Chung, E.G.; Schladow, S.G.; Perez-Losada, J.; Robertson, Dale M.

2008-01-01

A linked hydrodynamic and water quality model was developed and applied to the Salton Sea. The hydrodynamic component is based on the one-dimensional numerical model, DLM. The water quality model is based on a new conceptual model for nutrient cycling in the Sea, and simulates temperature, total suspended sediment concentration, nutrient concentrations, including PO4-3, NO3-1 and NH4+1, DO concentration and chlorophyll a concentration as functions of depth and time. Existing water temperature data from 1997 were used to verify that the model could accurately represent the onset and breakup of thermal stratification. 1999 is the only year with a near-complete dataset for water quality variables for the Salton Sea. The linked hydrodynamic and water quality model was run for 1999, and by adjustment of rate coefficients and other water quality parameters, a good match with the data was obtained. In this article, the model is fully described and the model results for reductions in external phosphorus load on chlorophyll a distribution are presented. ?? 2008 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.

Hydrodynamics of fossil fishes

PubMed Central

Fletcher, Thomas; Altringham, John; Peakall, Jeffrey; Wignall, Paul; Dorrell, Robert

2014-01-01

From their earliest origins, fishes have developed a suite of adaptations for locomotion in water, which determine performance and ultimately fitness. Even without data from behaviour, soft tissue and extant relatives, it is possible to infer a wealth of palaeobiological and palaeoecological information. As in extant species, aspects of gross morphology such as streamlining, fin position and tail type are optimized even in the earliest fishes, indicating similar life strategies have been present throughout their evolutionary history. As hydrodynamical studies become more sophisticated, increasingly complex fluid movement can be modelled, including vortex formation and boundary layer control. Drag-reducing riblets ornamenting the scales of fast-moving sharks have been subjected to particularly intense research, but this has not been extended to extinct forms. Riblets are a convergent adaptation seen in many Palaeozoic fishes, and probably served a similar hydrodynamic purpose. Conversely, structures which appear to increase skin friction may act as turbulisors, reducing overall drag while serving a protective function. Here, we examine the diverse adaptions that contribute to drag reduction in modern fishes and review the few attempts to elucidate the hydrodynamics of extinct forms. PMID:24943377

Effects of Interfacial Translation-rotation Coupling for Confined Ferrofluids

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Fang, Angbo

2011-03-01

Ferrofluids have wide applications ranging from semiconductor fabrications to biomedical processes. The hydrodynamic spin diffusion theory for ferrofluids has been successful in explaining many experimental data, but it suffers from some fatal flaws. For example, it fails to predict the incorrect flow direction for a ferrofluid confined in a concentric cylinder channel in the presence of a rotating magnetic field. In this work we develop a method to establish the general hydrodynamic boundary conditions (BCs) for micro-polar fluids such as ferrofluids. Through a dynamic generalization of the mesoscopic diffuse interface model, we are able to obtain the surface dissipation functional, in which the interfacial translation-rotation coupling plays a significant role. The generalized hydrodynamic BCs can be obtained straightforwardly by using Onsager's variational approach. The resulted velocity profile and other quantities compares well with the experimental data, strikingly different from traditional theories. The methodology can be applied to study the hydrodynamic behavior of other structured fluids in confined channels or multi-phase flows. The work is supported by a research award made by the King Abdullah University of Science and Technology.

Second-order (2 +1 ) -dimensional anisotropic hydrodynamics

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bazow, Dennis; Heinz, Ulrich; Strickland, Michael

2014-11-01

We present a complete formulation of second-order (2 +1 ) -dimensional anisotropic hydrodynamics. The resulting framework generalizes leading-order anisotropic hydrodynamics by allowing for deviations of the one-particle distribution function from the spheroidal form assumed at leading order. We derive complete second-order equations of motion for the additional terms in the macroscopic currents generated by these deviations from their kinetic definition using a Grad-Israel-Stewart 14-moment ansatz. The result is a set of coupled partial differential equations for the momentum-space anisotropy parameter, effective temperature, the transverse components of the fluid four-velocity, and the viscous tensor components generated by deviations of the distribution from spheroidal form. We then perform a quantitative test of our approach by applying it to the case of one-dimensional boost-invariant expansion in the relaxation time approximation (RTA) in which case it is possible to numerically solve the Boltzmann equation exactly. We demonstrate that the second-order anisotropic hydrodynamics approach provides an excellent approximation to the exact (0+1)-dimensional RTA solution for both small and large values of the shear viscosity.

On the numerical solution of the dynamically loaded hydrodynamic lubrication of the point contact problem

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Lim, Sang G.; Brewe, David E.; Prahl, Joseph M.

1990-01-01

The transient analysis of hydrodynamic lubrication of a point-contact is presented. A body-fitted coordinate system is introduced to transform the physical domain to a rectangular computational domain, enabling the use of the Newton-Raphson method for determining pressures and locating the cavitation boundary, where the Reynolds boundary condition is specified. In order to obtain the transient solution, an explicit Euler method is used to effect a time march. The transient dynamic load is a sinusoidal function of time with frequency, fractional loading, and mean load as parameters. Results include the variation of the minimum film thickness and phase-lag with time as functions of excitation frequency. The results are compared with the analytic solution to the transient step bearing problem with the same dynamic loading function. The similarities of the results suggest an approximate model of the point contact minimum film thickness solution.

32 CFR 1290.7 - Responsibilities.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... Responsibilities. (a) HQ DLA. (1) The Command Security Officer, DLA (DLA-T) will: (i) Exercise staff supervision... enforcement/security force (080, 083, 085 and 1800 series) personnel to issue DD Form 1805. (3) Periodically...

32 CFR 1290.7 - Responsibilities.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... Responsibilities. (a) HQ DLA. (1) The Command Security Officer, DLA (DLA-T) will: (i) Exercise staff supervision... enforcement/security force (080, 083, 085 and 1800 series) personnel to issue DD Form 1805. (3) Periodically...

75 FR 10259 - Pesticide Products; Registration Applications

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-03-05

... affected by this action if you are an agricultural producer, food manufacturer, or pesticide manufacturer..., 70127-8, 70127-10. Docket Number: EPA-HQ-OPP-2010-0081. Company Name and Address: Novozymes Biologicals...

Vortex Formation Time is Not an Index of Ventricular Function

PubMed Central

Vlachos, Pavlos P.; Little, William C.

2015-01-01

The diastolic intraventricular ring vortex formation and pinch-off process may provide clinically useful insights into diastolic function in health and disease. The vortex ring formation time (FT) concept, based on hydrodynamic experiments dealing with unconfined (large tank) flow, has attracted considerable attention and popularity. Dynamic conditions evolving within the very confined space of a filling, expansible ventricular chamber with relaxing and rebounding viscoelastic muscular boundaries, diverge from unconfined (large tank) flow and encompass rebounding walls’ suction and myocardial relaxation. Indeed, clinical/physiological findings seeking validation in vivo failed to support the notion that FT is an index of normal/abnormal diastolic ventricular function. Therefore, FT as originally proposed cannot and should not be utilized as such an index. Evidently, physiologically accurate models accounting for coupled hydrodynamic and (patho)physiological myocardial wall interactions with the intraventricular flow are still needed to enhance our understanding and yield diastolic function indices useful and reliable in the clinical setting. PMID:25609509

Atomistic Simulations of Hydrodynamic and Interaction Forces on Functionalized Silica Nanoparticles

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lane, J. Matthew D.; Ismail, Ahmed E.; Chandross, Michael; Lorenz, Christian D.; Grest, Gary S.

2009-03-01

It is often desired to prevent the flocculation and phase separation of nanoparticles in solution. This can be accomplished either by manipulating the solvent or by tailoring the surface chemistry of the nanoparticles through functionalization with a monolayer of oligomer chains. Since it is not known how these functionalized coatings affect the interactions between nanoparticles and with the surrounding solvent, we present results from a series of molecular dynamics simulations of polyethylene oxide (PEO) coated silica nanoparticles of varying size (5 to 20 nm diameter) in water. For a single nanoparticle we determined the Stokes drag on the nanoparticle as it moves through the solvent and as it approaches a wall. Due to hydrodynamic interactions there are large finite size effects which we estimate by varying the size of the simulation cell. We also determined both solvent-mediated (velocity-independent) and lubrication (velocity-dependent) forces between two nanoparticles as a function of the coverage and chain length of the PEO chains.

Numerical Simulation of Hydrodynamics of a Heavy Liquid Drop Covered by Vapor Film in a Water Pool

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Ma, W.M.; Yang, Z.L.; Giri, A.

2002-07-01

A numerical study on the hydrodynamics of a droplet covered by vapor film in water pool is carried out. Two level set functions are used as to implicitly capture the interfaces among three immiscible fluids (melt-drop, vapor and coolant). This approach leaves only one set of conservation equations for the three phases. A high-order Navier-Stokes solver, called Cubic-Interpolated Pseudo-Particle (CIP) algorithm, is employed in combination with level set approach, which allows large density ratios (up to 1000), surface tension and jump in viscosity. By this calculation, the hydrodynamic behavior of a melt droplet falling into a volatile coolant is simulated,more » which is of great significance to reveal the mechanism of steam explosion during a hypothetical severe reactor accident. (authors)« less

76 FR 21072 - NASA Advisory Council; Education and Public Outreach Committee; Meeting

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-04-14

...: FIRST Robotics Championship Opening Ceremony, FIRST Robotics from the NASA HQ Perspective, FIRST Robotics from the NASA Center Perspective, Leadership Forum, Tour the FIRST Robotics Teams. The meeting...

32 CFR 644.27 - Authority to issue Real Estate Directives.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... Department of the Army policies, excepting the acquisition by lease of industrial and commercial facilities..., Directorate of Engineering and Services, HQ, USAF. Major Air Commands and Air Force Regional Civil Engineers...

14 CFR § 1260.6 - Publication.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... § 1260.6 Publication. The official site for accessing the NASA Grant and Cooperative Agreement Handbook, including current Grant Notices, is on the internet at: http://ec.msfc.nasa.gov/hq/grcover.htm ...

New Supercapacitors Based on the Synergetic Redox Effect between Electrode and Electrolyte

PubMed Central

Zhang, You; Cui, Xiuguo; Zu, Lei; Cai, Xiaomin; Liu, Yang; Wang, Xiaodong; Lian, Huiqin

2016-01-01

Redox electrolytes can provide significant enhancement of capacitance for supercapacitors. However, more important promotion comes from the synergetic effect and matching between the electrode and electrolyte. Herein, we report a novel electrochemical system consisted of a polyanilline/carbon nanotube composite redox electrode and a hydroquinone (HQ) redox electrolyte, which exhibits a specific capacitance of 7926 F/g in a three-electrode system when the concentration of HQ in H2SO4 aqueous electrolyte is 2 mol/L, and the maximum energy density of 114 Wh/kg in two-electrode symmetric configuration. Moreover, the specific capacitance retention of 96% after 1000 galvanostatic charge/discharge cycles proves an excellent cyclic stability. These ultrahigh performances of the supercapacitor are attributed to the synergistic effect both in redox polyanilline-based electrolyte and the redox hydroquinone electrode. PMID:28773855

Inelastic Neutron Scattering and Magnetisation Investigation of an Exchange-Coupled Dy2 SMM

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Baker, Michael L.; Zhang, Qing; Sarachik, Myriam P.; Kent, Andrew D.; Chen, Yizhang; Butch, Nicholas; Pineda, Eufemio M.; McInnes, Eric

The strong spin orbit coupling and weak crystal field energies of simple exchange-coupled rare earth SMMs makes the precise evaluation of their magnetic properties nontrivial. Here we report a detailed investigation of the single molecule magnet hqH2Dy2(hq)4(NO3)3MeOH. Inelastic neutron scattering is used to obtain direct access to several low energy crystal field excitations. The INS results display several features that are not found in earlier FIR absorption experiments, while other features found in the latter are absent. Based on the effective point charge model, numerical calculations are currently underway to resolve these apparent discrepancies using complementary magnetisation measurements to resolve the exchange between Dy ions. Work supported by ARO W911NF-13-1-1025 (CCNY) and NSF-DMR-1309202 (NYU).

Assessment of isokinetic knee strength in elite young female basketball players: correlation with vertical jump.

PubMed

Rouis, M; Coudrat, L; Jaafar, H; Filliard, J-R; Vandewalle, H; Barthelemy, Y; Driss, T

2015-12-01

To explore the isokinetic concentric strength of the knee muscle groups, and the relationship between the isokinetic knee extensors strength and the vertical jump performance in young elite female basketball players. Eighteen elite female basketball players performed a countermovement jump, and an isokinetic knee test using a Biodex dynamometer. The maximal isokinetic peak torque of the knee extensor and flexor muscles was recorded at four angular velocities (90°/s, 180°/s, 240°/s and 300°/s) for the dominant and non-dominant legs. The conventional hamstring/quadriceps ratio (H/Q) was assessed at each angular velocity for both legs. There was no significant difference between dominant and non-dominant leg whatever the angular velocity (all P>0.05). However, the H/Q ratio enhanced as the velocity increased from 180°/s to 300°/s (P<0.05). Furthermore, low to high significant positive correlations were detected between the isokinetic measures of the knee extensors and the vertical jump height. The highest one was found for the knee extensors peak torque at a velocity of 240°/s (r=0.88, P<0.001). The results accounted for an optimal velocity at which a strong relationship could be obtained between isokinetic knee extensors strength and vertical jump height. Interestingly, the H/Q ratio of the young elite female basketball players in the present study was unusual as it was close to that generally observed in regular sportsmen.

Assessment of Reduced Tolerance to Sound (Hyperacusis) in University Students.

PubMed

Yilmaz, Sule; Taş, Memduha; Bulut, Erdoğan; Nurçin, Elçin

2017-01-01

Hyperacusis is defined as a reduction in tolerance to ordinary environmental sounds. Hyperacusis can occur in individuals of all age groups, making daily life difficult for the sufferers. Although there is no objective test to accurately diagnose hyperacusis, questionnaires are useful for the assessment of hyperacusis. The aim of this study was to explore the reduced sound tolerance in university students using a hyperacusis questionnaire (HQ). A total of 536 university students (300 females and 236 males) aged between 18 and 25 years, with a mean age of 21.34 ± 1.87 years, were assessed using an HQ developed by Khalfa. The mean total score of all the participants was 16.34 ± 7.91, and 5.78% of the participants had total scores indicating hyperacusis, where a majority of them were females. Females had significantly higher scores than men in terms of both the total and the attentional and emotional dimensions. The scores of the participants who reported noise exposure or a decrease in their tolerance to noise were significantly higher than those of the other participants. Even among young adults, there was a group of participants suffering from some problems related to decreased tolerance to everyday sounds. Although the Turkish translation of the HQ seems to be a reliable tool for evaluating hyperacusis in young adults, further work with various populations of different age groups is required to establish validity and to assess the psychometric qualities of the Turkish form.

Health risk assessment of groundwater arsenic pollution in southern Taiwan.

PubMed

Liang, Ching-Ping; Wang, Sheng-Wei; Kao, Yu-Hsuan; Chen, Jui-Sheng

2016-12-01

Residents of the Pingtung Plain, Taiwan, use groundwater for drinking. However, monitoring results showed that a considerable portion of groundwater has an As concentration higher than the safe drinking water regulation of 10 μg/L. Considering residents of the Pingtung Plain continue to use groundwater for drinking, this study attempted to evaluate the exposure and health risk from drinking groundwater. The health risk from drinking groundwater was evaluated based on the hazard quotient (HQ) and target risk (TR) established by the US Environmental Protection Agency. The results showed that the 95th percentile of HQ exceeded 1 and TR was above the safe value of threshold value of 10 -6 . To illustrate significant variability of the drinking water consumption rate and body weight of each individual, health risk assessments were also performed using a spectrum of daily water intake rate and body weight to reasonably and conservatively assess the exposure and health risk for the specific subgroups of population of the Pingtung Plain. The assessment results showed that 0.01-7.50 % of the population's HQ levels are higher than 1 and as much as 77.7-93.3 % of the population being in high cancer risk category and having a TR value >10 -6 . The TR estimation results implied that groundwater use for drinking purpose places people at risk of As exposure. The government must make great efforts to provide safe drinking water for residents of the Pingtung Plain.

Assessment of edibility and effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on Solanum melongena L. grown under heavy metal(loid) contaminated soil.

PubMed

Chaturvedi, Ritu; Favas, Paulo; Pratas, João; Varun, Mayank; Paul, Manoj S

2018-02-01

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) aids in plant establishment at heavy metal(loid) (HM) contaminated soils, strengthening plant defense system along with promoting growth. A pot experiment was carried out to evaluate the effect of AMF on eggplants grown under HM stress. Further, the potential health risks of HM exposure to the humans via dietary intake of eggplant were also estimated. Results showed that AMF application improved growth, biomass and antioxidative defense response of plants against HM stress. Significant difference (p ≤ 0.001) in parameters under study was found on increasing metal dose and on application of AMF. Among metal(loid)s maximum uptake was recorded for Pb (29.64mgkg - 1 in roots; 23.08mgkg - 1 in shoot) followed by As (3.84mgkg - 1 in roots; 8.20mgkg - 1 in shoot) and, Cd (0.96mgkg - 1 in roots; 2.12mgkg - 1 in shoot). Based on the accumulation of HM in edible part, Hazard Quotient (HQ) was calculated. HQ was found to be > 1 for Pb, which highlights the risks associated with consumption of Eggplants grown on Pb contaminated soil. However this potential, which was further enhanced by application of AMF, can be harnessed for on-site remediation of Pb contaminated soils. The content of Cd and As in the edible part was found to be within safe limits (HQ < 1) when compared to chronic reference dose stated by USEPA. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Exercise order affects the total training volume and the ratings of perceived exertion in response to a super-set resistance training session

PubMed Central

Balsamo, Sandor; Tibana, Ramires Alsamir; Nascimento, Dahan da Cunha; de Farias, Gleyverton Landim; Petruccelli, Zeno; de Santana, Frederico dos Santos; Martins, Otávio Vanni; de Aguiar, Fernando; Pereira, Guilherme Borges; de Souza, Jéssica Cardoso; Prestes, Jonato

2012-01-01

The super-set is a widely used resistance training method consisting of exercises for agonist and antagonist muscles with limited or no rest interval between them – for example, bench press followed by bent-over rows. In this sense, the aim of the present study was to compare the effects of different super-set exercise sequences on the total training volume. A secondary aim was to evaluate the ratings of perceived exertion and fatigue index in response to different exercise order. On separate testing days, twelve resistance-trained men, aged 23.0 ± 4.3 years, height 174.8 ± 6.75 cm, body mass 77.8 ± 13.27 kg, body fat 12.0% ± 4.7%, were submitted to a super-set method by using two different exercise orders: quadriceps (leg extension) + hamstrings (leg curl) (QH) or hamstrings (leg curl) + quadriceps (leg extension) (HQ). Sessions consisted of three sets with a ten-repetition maximum load with 90 seconds rest between sets. Results revealed that the total training volume was higher for the HQ exercise order (P = 0.02) with lower perceived exertion than the inverse order (P = 0.04). These results suggest that HQ exercise order involving lower limbs may benefit practitioners interested in reaching a higher total training volume with lower ratings of perceived exertion compared with the leg extension plus leg curl order. PMID:22371654

Science and Observation Recommendations for Future NASA Carbon Cycle Research

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

McClain, Charles R.; Collatz, G. J.; Kawa, S. R.; Gregg, W. W.; Gervin, J. C.; Abshire, J. B.; Andrews, A. E.; Behrenfeld, M. J.; Demaio, L. D.; Knox, R. G.

2002-01-01

Between October 2000 and June 2001, an Agency-wide planning, effort was organized by elements of NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) to define future research and technology development activities. This planning effort was conducted at the request of the Associate Administrator of the Office of Earth Science (Code Y), Dr. Ghassem Asrar, at NASA Headquarters (HQ). The primary points of contact were Dr. Mary Cleave, Deputy Associate Administrator for Advanced Planning at NASA HQ (Headquarters) and Dr. Charles McClain of the Office of Global Carbon Studies (Code 970.2) at GSFC. During this period, GSFC hosted three workshops to define the science requirements and objectives, the observational and modeling requirements to meet the science objectives, the technology development requirements, and a cost plan for both the science program and new flight projects that will be needed for new observations beyond the present or currently planned. The plan definition process was very intensive as HQ required the final presentation package by mid-June 2001. This deadline was met and the recommendations were ultimately refined and folded into a broader program plan, which also included climate modeling, aerosol observations, and science computing technology development, for contributing to the President's Climate Change Research Initiative. This technical memorandum outlines the process and recommendations made for cross-cutting carbon cycle research as presented in June. A separate NASA document outlines the budget profiles or cost analyses conducted as part of the planning effort.

Uniaxially aligned electrospun cellulose acetate nanofibers for thin layer chromatographic screening of hydroquinone and retinoic acid adulterated in cosmetics.

PubMed

Tidjarat, Siripran; Winotapun, Weerapath; Opanasopit, Praneet; Ngawhirunpat, Tanasait; Rojanarata, Theerasak

2014-11-07

Uniaxially aligned cellulose acetate (CA) nanofibers were successfully fabricated by electrospinning and applied to use as stationary phase for thin layer chromatography. The control of alignment was achieved by using a drum collector rotating at a high speed of 6000 rpm. Spin time of 6h was used to produce the fiber thickness of about 10 μm which was adequate for good separation. Without any chemical modification after the electrospinning process, CA nanofibers could be readily devised for screening hydroquinone (HQ) and retinoic acid (RA) adulterated in cosmetics using the mobile phase consisting of 65:35:2.5 methanol/water/acetic acid. It was found that the separation run on the aligned nanofibers over a distance of 5 cm took less than 15 min which was two to three times faster than that on the non-aligned ones. On the aligned nanofibers, the masses of HQ and RA which could be visualized were 10 and 25 ng, respectively, which were two times lower than those on the non-aligned CA fibers and five times lower than those on conventional silica plates due to the appearance of darker and sharper of spots on the aligned nanofibers. Furthermore, the proposed method efficiently resolved HQ from RA and ingredients commonly found in cosmetic creams. Due to the satisfactory analytical performance, facile and inexpensive production process, uniaxially aligned electrospun CA nanofibers are promising alternative media for planar chromatography. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Health risk evaluation of heavy metals in green land soils from urban parks in Urumqi, northwest China.

PubMed

Zhaoyong, Zhang; Xiaodong, Yang; Simay, Zibibula; Mohammed, Anwar

2018-02-01

Here, we sampled, tested, and analyzed heavy metals in soil obtained from green land in urban parks of Urumqi. Analysis included soil nutrient contents, particle size distribution, and health risks of heavy metal contaminants. Results showed that (1) organic matter and rapidly available phosphorus contents of all samples ranged from 6.07-58.34 and 6.52-116.15 mg/kg, with average values of 31.26 and 36.24 mg/kg, respectively; (2) silt (particle size 20-200 μm) comprised most of the particle distribution, accounting for 46.56-87.38% of the total, and the remaining particles were clay particles (0-20 μm) and sand (200-2000 μm); (3) calculations of HQ ing , HQ inh , and HQ derm for eight heavy metals in three exposure patterns revealed values less than 1 for children and adults, indicating a level of carcinogenic risk for these heavy metals; and (4) calculating the carcinogenic risks of nickel, chromium, and cadmium through breathing pathway indicating no potential carcinogenic risk for any of the three. This research showed high soil nutrient content, providing fertile ground for plant growth in the green land of these urban parks. However, measures such as using sprinklers and increased green vegetation areas have been proposed to improve soil texture. This research can serve as a reference point for soil environmental protection efforts as well as future plant growth in urban Urumqi parks.

Spatial-temporal distribution and potential ecological risk assessment of nonylphenol and octylphenol in riverine outlets of Pearl River Delta, China.

PubMed

Chen, Ru; Yin, Pinghe; Zhao, Ling; Yu, Qiming; Hong, Aihua; Duan, Shunshan

2014-11-01

The aquatic environments of the Pearl River Delta in Southern China are subjected to contamination with various industrial chemicals from local industries. In this paper, the occurrence, seasonal variation and spatial distribution of alkylphenol octylphenol (OP) and nonylphenol (NP) in river surface water and sediments in the runoff outlets of the Pearl River Delta were investigated. NP and OP were detected in all water and sediment samples and their mean concentrations in surface water during the dry season ranged from 810 to 3366 ng/L and 85.5 to 581 ng/L, respectively, and those in sediments ranged from 14.2 to 95.2 ng/g dw and 0.4 to 3.0 ng/g dw, respectively. In surface water, much higher concentrations were detected in the dry season than those in the wet season. In sediments, the concentrations in the dry season were also mostly higher. High concentrations of NP and OP were found in Humen outlet, likely due to high levels of domestic and industrial wastewater discharges. An ecological risk assessment with the use of hazard quotient (HQ) was also carried out and the HQ values ranged from 3.6×10(-5) to 35 and 64% of samples gave a HQ>1, indicating that the current levels of NP and OP pose a significant risk to the relevant aquatic organisms in the region. Copyright © 2014. Published by Elsevier B.V.

How to react to shallow water hydrodynamics: The larger benthic foraminifera solution

PubMed Central

Briguglio, Antonino; Hohenegger, Johann

2016-01-01

Symbiont-bearing larger benthic foraminifera inhabit the photic zone to provide their endosymbiotic algae with light. Because of the hydrodynamic conditions of shallow water environments, tests of larger foraminifera can be entrained and transported by water motion. To resist water motion, these foraminifera have to build a test able to avoid transport or have to develop special mechanisms to attach themselves to substrate or to hide their test below sediment grains. For those species which resist transport by the construction of hydrodynamic convenient shapes, the calculation of hydrodynamic parameters of their test defines the energetic input they can resist and therefore the scenario where they can live in. Measuring the density, size and shape of every test, combined with experimental data, helps to define the best mathematical approach for the settling velocity and Reynolds number of every shell. The comparison between water motion at the sediment-water interface and the specimen-specific settling velocity helps to calculate the water depths at which, for a certain test type, transport, deposition and accumulation may occur. The results obtained for the investigated taxa show that the mathematical approach gives reliable results and can discriminate the hydrodynamic behaviour of different shapes. Furthermore, the study of the settling velocities, calculated for all the investigated taxa, shows that several species are capable to resist water motion and therefore they appear to be functionally adapted to the hydrodynamic condition of its specific environment. The same study is not recommended on species which resist water motion by adopting hiding or anchoring strategies to avoid the effect of water motion. PMID:27524855

Multiscale molecular dynamics/hydrodynamics implementation of two dimensional "Mercedes Benz" water model

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Scukins, A.; Nerukh, D.; Pavlov, E.; Karabasov, S.; Markesteijn, A.

2015-09-01

A multiscale Molecular Dynamics/Hydrodynamics implementation of the 2D Mercedes Benz (MB or BN2D) [1] water model is developed and investigated. The concept and the governing equations of multiscale coupling together with the results of the two-way coupling implementation are reported. The sensitivity of the multiscale model for obtaining macroscopic and microscopic parameters of the system, such as macroscopic density and velocity fluctuations, radial distribution and velocity autocorrelation functions of MB particles, is evaluated. Critical issues for extending the current model to large systems are discussed.

The experimental study of hydrodynamic characteristics of the overland flow on a slope with three-dimensional Geomat

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wang, Guang-yue; Sun, Guo-rui; Li, Jian-kang; Li, Jiong

2018-02-01

The hydrodynamic characteristics of the overland flow on a slope with a three-dimensional Geomat are studied for different rainfall intensities and slope gradients. The rainfall intensity is adjusted in the rainfall simulation system. It is shown that the velocity of the overland flow has a strong positive correlation with the slope length and the rainfall intensity, the scour depth decreases with the increase of the slope gradient for a given rainfall intensity, and the scour depth increases with the increase of the rainfall intensity for a given slope gradient, the overland flow starts with a transitional flow on the top and finishes with a turbulent flow on the bottom on the slope with the three-dimensional Geomat for different rainfall intensities and slope gradients, the resistance coefficient and the turbulent flow Reynolds number are in positively related logarithmic functions, the resistance coefficient and the slope gradient are in positively related power functions, and the trend becomes leveled with the increase of the rainfall intensity. This study provides some important theoretical insight for further studies of the hydrodynamic process of the erosion on the slope surface with a three-dimensional Geomat.

Acoustic cavitation studies

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Crum, L. A.

1981-09-01

The primary thrust of this study was toward a more complete understanding of general aspects of acoustic cavitation. The effect of long-chain polymer additives on the cavitation threshold was investigated to determine if they reduced the acoustic cavitation threshold in a similar manner to the observed reduction in the cavitation index in hydrodynamic cavitation. Measurements were made of the acoustic cavitation threshold as a function of polymer concentration for additives such as guar gum and polyethelene oxide. The measurements were also made as a function of dissolved gas concentration, surface tension and viscosity. It was determined that there was a significant increase in the acoustic cavitation threshold for increased concentrations of the polymer additives (measurable effects could be obtained for concentrations as low as a few parts per million). One would normally expect that an additive that reduces surface tension to decrease the pressure required to cause a cavity to grow and thus these additives, at first thought, should reduce the threshold. However, even in the hydrodynamic case, the threshold was increased. In both of the hydrodynamic cases considered, the explanation for the increased threshold was given in terms of changed fluid dynamics rather than changed physical properties of the fluid.

Quantum hydrodynamics: capturing a reactive scattering resonance.

PubMed

Derrickson, Sean W; Bittner, Eric R; Kendrick, Brian K

2005-08-01

The hydrodynamic equations of motion associated with the de Broglie-Bohm formulation of quantum mechanics are solved using a meshless method based upon a moving least-squares approach. An arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian frame of reference and a regridding algorithm which adds and deletes computational points are used to maintain a uniform and nearly constant interparticle spacing. The methodology also uses averaged fields to maintain unitary time evolution. The numerical instabilities associated with the formation of nodes in the reflected portion of the wave packet are avoided by adding artificial viscosity to the equations of motion. A new and more robust artificial viscosity algorithm is presented which gives accurate scattering results and is capable of capturing quantum resonances. The methodology is applied to a one-dimensional model chemical reaction that is known to exhibit a quantum resonance. The correlation function approach is used to compute the reactive scattering matrix, reaction probability, and time delay as a function of energy. Excellent agreement is obtained between the scattering results based upon the quantum hydrodynamic approach and those based upon standard quantum mechanics. This is the first clear demonstration of the ability of moving grid approaches to accurately and robustly reproduce resonance structures in a scattering system.

Bulk dynamics of Brownian hard disks: Dynamical density functional theory versus experiments on two-dimensional colloidal hard spheres

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Stopper, Daniel; Thorneywork, Alice L.; Dullens, Roel P. A.; Roth, Roland

2018-03-01

Using dynamical density functional theory (DDFT), we theoretically study Brownian self-diffusion and structural relaxation of hard disks and compare to experimental results on quasi two-dimensional colloidal hard spheres. To this end, we calculate the self-van Hove correlation function and distinct van Hove correlation function by extending a recently proposed DDFT-approach for three-dimensional systems to two dimensions. We find that the theoretical results for both self-part and distinct part of the van Hove function are in very good quantitative agreement with the experiments up to relatively high fluid packing fractions of roughly 0.60. However, at even higher densities, deviations between the experiment and the theoretical approach become clearly visible. Upon increasing packing fraction, in experiments, the short-time self-diffusive behavior is strongly affected by hydrodynamic effects and leads to a significant decrease in the respective mean-squared displacement. By contrast, and in accordance with previous simulation studies, the present DDFT, which neglects hydrodynamic effects, shows no dependence on the particle density for this quantity.

Equalizing resolution in smoothed-particle hydrodynamics calculations using self-adaptive sinc kernels

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

García-Senz, Domingo; Cabezón, Rubén M.; Escartín, José A.; Ebinger, Kevin

2014-10-01

Context. The smoothed-particle hydrodynamics (SPH) technique is a numerical method for solving gas-dynamical problems. It has been applied to simulate the evolution of a wide variety of astrophysical systems. The method has a second-order accuracy, with a resolution that is usually much higher in the compressed regions than in the diluted zones of the fluid. Aims: We propose and check a method to balance and equalize the resolution of SPH between high- and low-density regions. This method relies on the versatility of a family of interpolators called sinc kernels, which allows increasing the interpolation quality by varying only a single parameter (the exponent of the sinc function). Methods: The proposed method was checked and validated through a number of numerical tests, from standard one-dimensional Riemann problems in shock tubes, to multidimensional simulations of explosions, hydrodynamic instabilities, and the collapse of a Sun-like polytrope. Results: The analysis of the hydrodynamical simulations suggests that the scheme devised to equalize the accuracy improves the treatment of the post-shock regions and, in general, of the rarefacted zones of fluids while causing no harm to the growth of hydrodynamic instabilities. The method is robust and easy to implement with a low computational overload. It conserves mass, energy, and momentum and reduces to the standard SPH scheme in regions of the fluid that have smooth density gradients.

Hydrodynamic conditioning of diversity and functional traits in subtidal estuarine macrozoobenthic communities

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

van der Wal, Daphne; Lambert, Gwladys I.; Ysebaert, Tom; Plancke, Yves M. G.; Herman, Peter M. J.

2017-10-01

Variations in abundance and diversity of estuarine benthic macrofauna are typically described along the salinity gradient. The influence of gradients in water depth, hydrodynamic energy and sediment properties are less well known. We studied how these variables influence the distribution of subtidal macrofauna in the polyhaline zone of a temperate estuary (Westerschelde, SW Netherlands). Macrofauna density, biomass and species richness, combined in a so-called ecological richness, decreased with current velocities and median grain-size and increased with organic carbon of the sediment, in total explaining 39% of the variation. The macrofauna community composition was less well explained by the three environmental variables (approx. 12-15% in total, with current velocity explaining approx. 8%). Salinity, water depth and distance to the intertidal zone had a very limited effect on both ecological richness and the macrofauna community. The proportion of (surface) deposit feeders (including opportunistic species), decreased relative to that of omnivores and carnivores with increasing current velocity and sediment grain-size. In parallel, the proportion of burrowing sessile benthic species decreased relative to that of mobile benthic species that are able to swim. Correspondingly, spatial variations in hydrodynamics yielded distinct hotspots and coldspots in ecological richness. The findings highlight the importance of local hydrodynamic conditions for estuarine restoration and conservation. The study provides a tool based on a hydrodynamic model to assess and predict ecological richness in estuaries.

A Computational Study of the Hydrodynamics in the Nasal Region of a Hammerhead Shark (Sphyrna tudes): Implications for Olfaction

PubMed Central

Rygg, Alex D.; Cox, Jonathan P. L.; Abel, Richard; Webb, Andrew G.; Smith, Nadine B.; Craven, Brent A.

2013-01-01

The hammerhead shark possesses a unique head morphology that is thought to facilitate enhanced olfactory performance. The olfactory chambers, located at the distal ends of the cephalofoil, contain numerous lamellae that increase the surface area for olfaction. Functionally, for the shark to detect chemical stimuli, water-borne odors must reach the olfactory sensory epithelium that lines these lamellae. Thus, odorant transport from the aquatic environment to the sensory epithelium is the first critical step in olfaction. Here we investigate the hydrodynamics of olfaction in Sphyrna tudes based on an anatomically-accurate reconstruction of the head and olfactory chamber from high-resolution micro-CT and MRI scans of a cadaver specimen. Computational fluid dynamics simulations of water flow in the reconstructed model reveal the external and internal hydrodynamics of olfaction during swimming. Computed external flow patterns elucidate the occurrence of flow phenomena that result in high and low pressures at the incurrent and excurrent nostrils, respectively, which induces flow through the olfactory chamber. The major (prenarial) nasal groove along the cephalofoil is shown to facilitate sampling of a large spatial extent (i.e., an extended hydrodynamic “reach”) by directing oncoming flow towards the incurrent nostril. Further, both the major and minor nasal grooves redirect some flow away from the incurrent nostril, thereby limiting the amount of fluid that enters the olfactory chamber. Internal hydrodynamic flow patterns are also revealed, where we show that flow rates within the sensory channels between olfactory lamellae are passively regulated by the apical gap, which functions as a partial bypass for flow in the olfactory chamber. Consequently, the hammerhead shark appears to utilize external (major and minor nasal grooves) and internal (apical gap) flow regulation mechanisms to limit water flow between the olfactory lamellae, thus protecting these delicate structures from otherwise high flow rates incurred by sampling a larger area. PMID:23555780

Cooperative breakups induced by drop-to-drop interactions in one-dimensional flows of drops against micro-obstacles.

PubMed

Schmit, Alexandre; Salkin, Louis; Courbin, Laurent; Panizza, Pascal

2015-03-28

Depending on the capillary number at play and the parameters of the flow geometry, a drop may or may not break when colliding with an obstacle in a microdevice. Modeling the flow of one-dimensional trains of monodisperse drops impacting a micro-obstacle, we show numerically that complex dynamics may arise through drop-to-drop hydrodynamic interactions: we observe sequences of breakup events in which the size of the daughter drops created upon breaking mother ones becomes a periodic function of time. We demonstrate the existence of numerous bifurcations between periodic breakup regimes and we establish diagrams mapping the possible breakup dynamics as a function of the governing (physicochemical, hydrodynamic, and geometric) parameters. Microfluidic experiments validate our model as they concur very well with predictions.

Response function of a moving contact line

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Perrin, H.; Belardinelli, D.; Sbragaglia, M.; Andreotti, B.

2018-04-01

The hydrodynamics of a liquid-vapor interface in contact with a heterogeneous surface is largely impacted by the presence of defects at the smaller scales. Such defects introduce morphological disturbances on the contact line and ultimately determine the force exerted on the wedge of liquid in contact with the surface. From the mathematical point of view, defects introduce perturbation modes, whose space-time evolution is governed by the interfacial hydrodynamic equations of the contact line. In this paper we derive the response function of the contact line to such generic perturbations. The contact line response may be used to design simplified one-dimensional time-dependent models accounting for the complexity of interfacial flows coupled to nanoscale defects, yet offering a more tractable mathematical framework to explore contact line motion through a disordered energy landscape.

32 CFR 881.8 - Disposition of documents.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... documents. (a) File a copy of the application, supporting evidence, and DD Form 214 in the Master Personnel... cases. Send copies of DD Form 214 to: (1) The applicant. (2) The Veterans' Administration. (3) HQ AFPC...

VEGGIE and the VEG-01 Hardware Validation Test

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Massa, Gioia

2015-01-01

This is a presentation to NASA HQ for a lunch-and-learn detailing the Veggie testing and results. Space Life and Physical Sciences plans to record this presentation and make it available for public display.

32 CFR 323.1 - Purpose and scope.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... DEFENSE LOGISTICS AGENCY PRIVACY PROGRAM § 323.1 Purpose and scope. This part 323 implements the Privacy... Privacy Program (32 CFR part 286a). It applies to Headquarters, Defense Logistics Agency (HQ DLA) and all...

33 CFR 101.510 - Assessment tools.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... may include: (a) DHS/TSA's vulnerability self-assessment tool located at http://www.tsa.gov/risk; and (b) USCG assessment tools, available from the cognizant COTP or at http://www.uscg.mil/hq/g-m/nvic...

78 FR 40737 - Issuance of Two Experimental Use Permits

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-07-08

.... SUMMARY: EPA has granted experimental use permits (EUPs) to the following pesticide applicants: Stephen L... has issued the following EUPs: 1. 88877-EUP-1. (EPA-HQ-OPP-2012-0181). Issuance. Stephen L. Dobson...

32 CFR 644.27 - Authority to issue Real Estate Directives.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

..., Directorate of Engineering and Services, HQ, USAF. Major Air Commands and Air Force Regional Civil Engineers... Engineers will assign numbers to Real Estate Directives issued by Air Force Regional Civil Engineers. The...

32 CFR 842.136 - Claim payments and deposits.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... more than $2500: HQ AAFES, Comptroller, Insurance Branch, P.O. Box 660202, Dallas, TX 75266-0202. (2) Claims payable for $2500 or less: AAFES Operations Center (OSC-AC), 2727 LBJ Highway, Dallas TX 75266...

32 CFR 323.1 - Purpose and scope.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... DEFENSE LOGISTICS AGENCY PRIVACY PROGRAM § 323.1 Purpose and scope. This part 323 implements the Privacy... Privacy Program (32 CFR part 286a). It applies to Headquarters, Defense Logistics Agency (HQ DLA) and all...

32 CFR 323.1 - Purpose and scope.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... DEFENSE LOGISTICS AGENCY PRIVACY PROGRAM § 323.1 Purpose and scope. This part 323 implements the Privacy... Privacy Program (32 CFR part 286a). It applies to Headquarters, Defense Logistics Agency (HQ DLA) and all...

14 CFR 1274.210 - Unsolicited proposals.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

...”, which is available on the NASA Acquisition Internet Service Website at: http://ec.msfc.nasa.gov/hq... unsolicited proposal, in addition to the requirements of NFS 1805.303-71(a)(3), NASA personnel must take...

14 CFR § 1274.210 - Unsolicited proposals.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

...”, which is available on the NASA Acquisition Internet Service Website at: http://ec.msfc.nasa.gov/hq... unsolicited proposal, in addition to the requirements of NFS 1805.303-71(a)(3), NASA personnel must take...

14 CFR 1274.210 - Unsolicited proposals.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

...”, which is available on the NASA Acquisition Internet Service Website at: http://ec.msfc.nasa.gov/hq... unsolicited proposal, in addition to the requirements of NFS 1805.303-71(a)(3), NASA personnel must take...

14 CFR 1274.210 - Unsolicited proposals.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

...”, which is available on the NASA Acquisition Internet Service Website at: http://ec.msfc.nasa.gov/hq... unsolicited proposal, in addition to the requirements of NFS 1805.303-71(a)(3), NASA personnel must take...

14 CFR 1274.210 - Unsolicited proposals.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

...”, which is available on the NASA Acquisition Internet Service Website at: http://ec.msfc.nasa.gov/hq... unsolicited proposal, in addition to the requirements of NFS 1805.303-71(a)(3), NASA personnel must take...

Muscle-targeted hydrodynamic gene introduction of insulin-like growth factor-1 using polyplex nanomicelle to treat peripheral nerve injury.

PubMed

Nagata, Kazuya; Itaka, Keiji; Baba, Miyuki; Uchida, Satoshi; Ishii, Takehiko; Kataoka, Kazunori

2014-06-10

The recovery of neurologic function after peripheral nerve injury often remains incomplete because of the prolonged reinnervation process, which leads to skeletal muscle atrophy and articular contracture from disuse over time. To rescue the skeletal muscle and promote functional recovery, insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), a potent myogenic factor, was introduced into the muscle by hydrodynamic injection of IGF-1-expressing plasmid DNA using a biocompatible nonviral gene carrier, a polyplex nanomicelle. In a mouse model of sciatic nerve injury, the introduction of IGF-1 into the skeletal muscle of the paralyzed limb effectively alleviated a decrease in muscle weight compared with that in untreated control mice. Histologic analysis of the muscle revealed the IGF-1-expressing plasmid DNA (pDNA) to have a myogenic effect, inducing muscle hypertrophy with the upregulation of the myogenic regulatory factors, myogenin and MyoD. The evaluation of motor function by walking track analysis revealed that the group that received the hydrodynamic injection of IGF-1-expressing pDNA using the polyplex nanomicelle had significantly early recovery of motor function compared with groups receiving negative control pDNA and untreated controls. Early recovery of sensation in the distal area of sciatic nerve injury was also induced by the introduction of IGF-1-expressing pDNA, presumably because of the effect of secreted IGF-1 protein in the vicinity of the injured sciatic nerve exerting a synergistic effect with muscle hypertrophy, inducing a more favorable prognosis. This approach of introducing IGF-1 into skeletal muscle is promising for the treatment of peripheral nerve injury by promoting early motor function recovery. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Calibration of HEC-Ras hydrodynamic model using gauged discharge data and flood inundation maps

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tong, Rui; Komma, Jürgen

2017-04-01

The estimation of flood is essential for disaster alleviation. Hydrodynamic models are implemented to predict the occurrence and variance of flood in different scales. In practice, the calibration of hydrodynamic models aims to search the best possible parameters for the representation the natural flow resistance. Recent years have seen the calibration of hydrodynamic models being more actual and faster following the advance of earth observation products and computer based optimization techniques. In this study, the Hydrologic Engineering River Analysis System (HEC-Ras) model was set up with high-resolution digital elevation model from Laser scanner for the river Inn in Tyrol, Austria. 10 largest flood events from 19 hourly discharge gauges and flood inundation maps were selected to calibrate the HEC-Ras model. Manning roughness values and lateral inflow factors as parameters were automatically optimized with the Shuffled complex with Principal component analysis (SP-UCI) algorithm developed from the Shuffled Complex Evolution (SCE-UA). Different objective functions (Nash-Sutcliffe model efficiency coefficient, the timing of peak, peak value and Root-mean-square deviation) were used in single or multiple way. It was found that the lateral inflow factor was the most sensitive parameter. SP-UCI algorithm could avoid the local optimal and achieve efficient and effective parameters in the calibration of HEC-Ras model using flood extension images. As results showed, calibration by means of gauged discharge data and flood inundation maps, together with objective function of Nash-Sutcliffe model efficiency coefficient, was very robust to obtain more reliable flood simulation, and also to catch up with the peak value and the timing of peak.

Validating Semi-analytic Models of High-redshift Galaxy Formation Using Radiation Hydrodynamical Simulations

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Côté, Benoit; Silvia, Devin W.; O’Shea, Brian W.; Smith, Britton; Wise, John H.

2018-05-01

We use a cosmological hydrodynamic simulation calculated with Enzo and the semi-analytic galaxy formation model (SAM) GAMMA to address the chemical evolution of dwarf galaxies in the early universe. The long-term goal of the project is to better understand the origin of metal-poor stars and the formation of dwarf galaxies and the Milky Way halo by cross-validating these theoretical approaches. We combine GAMMA with the merger tree of the most massive galaxy found in the hydrodynamic simulation and compare the star formation rate, the metallicity distribution function (MDF), and the age–metallicity relationship predicted by the two approaches. We found that the SAM can reproduce the global trends of the hydrodynamic simulation. However, there are degeneracies between the model parameters, and more constraints (e.g., star formation efficiency, gas flows) need to be extracted from the simulation to isolate the correct semi-analytic solution. Stochastic processes such as bursty star formation histories and star formation triggered by supernova explosions cannot be reproduced by the current version of GAMMA. Non-uniform mixing in the galaxy’s interstellar medium, coming primarily from self-enrichment by local supernovae, causes a broadening in the MDF that can be emulated in the SAM by convolving its predicted MDF with a Gaussian function having a standard deviation of ∼0.2 dex. We found that the most massive galaxy in the simulation retains nearby 100% of its baryonic mass within its virial radius, which is in agreement with what is needed in GAMMA to reproduce the global trends of the simulation.

Parametric geometric model and hydrodynamic shape optimization of a flying-wing structure underwater glider

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wang, Zhen-yu; Yu, Jian-cheng; Zhang, Ai-qun; Wang, Ya-xing; Zhao, Wen-tao

2017-12-01

Combining high precision numerical analysis methods with optimization algorithms to make a systematic exploration of a design space has become an important topic in the modern design methods. During the design process of an underwater glider's flying-wing structure, a surrogate model is introduced to decrease the computation time for a high precision analysis. By these means, the contradiction between precision and efficiency is solved effectively. Based on the parametric geometry modeling, mesh generation and computational fluid dynamics analysis, a surrogate model is constructed by adopting the design of experiment (DOE) theory to solve the multi-objects design optimization problem of the underwater glider. The procedure of a surrogate model construction is presented, and the Gaussian kernel function is specifically discussed. The Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm is applied to hydrodynamic design optimization. The hydrodynamic performance of the optimized flying-wing structure underwater glider increases by 9.1%.

Horizontal density-gradient effects on simulation of flow and transport in the Potomac Estuary

USGS Publications Warehouse

Schaffranek, Raymond W.; Baltzer, Robert A.; ,

1990-01-01

A two-dimensional, depth-integrated, hydrodynamic/transport model of the Potomac Estuary between Indian Head and Morgantown, Md., has been extended to include treatment of baroclinic forcing due to horizontal density gradients. The finite-difference model numerically integrates equations of mass and momentum conservation in conjunction with a transport equation for heat, salt, and constituent fluxes. Lateral and longitudinal density gradients are determined from salinity distributions computed from the convection-diffusion equation and an equation of state that expresses density as a function of temperature and salinity; thus, the hydrodynamic and transport computations are directly coupled. Horizontal density variations are shown to contribute significantly to momentum fluxes determined in the hydrodynamic computation. These fluxes lead to enchanced tidal pumping, and consequently greater dispersion, as is evidenced by numerical simulations. Density gradient effects on tidal propagation and transport behavior are discussed and demonstrated.

The biogeodynamics of microbial landscapes

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Battin, T. J.; Hödl, I.; Bertuzzo, E.; Mari, L.; Suweis, S. S.; Rinaldo, A.

2011-12-01

Spatial configuration is fundamental in defining the structural and functional properties of biological systems. Biofilms, surface-attached and matrix-enclosed microorganisms, are a striking example of spatial organisation. Coupled biotic and abiotic processes shape the spatial organisation across scales of the landscapes formed by these benthic biofilms in streams and rivers. Experimenting with such biofilms in streams, we found that, depending on the streambed topography and the related hydrodynamic microenvironment, biofilm landscapes form increasingly diverging spatial patterns as they grow. Strikingly, however, cluster size distributions tend to converge even in contrasting hydrodynamic microenvironments. To reproduce the observed cluster size distributions we used a continuous, size-structured population model. The model accounts for the formation, growth, erosion and merging of biofilm clusters. Our results suggest not only that hydrodynamic forcing induce the diverging patterning of the microbial landscape, but also that microorganisms have developed strategies to equally exploit spatial resources independently of the physical structure of the microenvironment where they live.

Three dimensional, numerical analysis of an elasto hydrodynamic lubrication using fluid structure interaction (FSI) approach

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hanoca, P.; Ramakrishna, H. V.

2018-03-01

This work is related to develop a methodology to model and simulate the TEHD using the sequential application of CFD and CSD. The FSI analyses are carried out using ANSYS Workbench. In this analysis steady state, 3D Navier-Stoke equations along with energy equation are solved. Liquid properties are introduced where the viscosity and density are the function of pressure and temperature. The cavitation phenomenon is adopted in the analysis. Numerical analysis has been carried at different speeds and surfaces temperatures. During the analysis, it was found that as speed increases, hydrodynamic pressures will also increases. The pressure profile obtained from the Roelands equation is more sensitive to the temperature as compared to the Barus equation. The stress distributions specify the significant positions in the bearing structure. The developed method is capable of giving latest approaching into the physics of elasto hydrodynamic lubrication.

Theory of strong turbulence by renormalization

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Tchen, C. M.

1981-01-01

The hydrodynamical equations of turbulent motions are inhomogeneous and nonlinear in their inertia and force terms and will generate a hierarchy. A kinetic method was developed to transform the hydrodynamic equations into a master equation governing the velocity distribution, as a function of the time, the position and the velocity as an independent variable. The master equation presents the advantage of being homogeneous and having fewer nonlinear terms and is therefore simpler for the investigation of closure. After the closure by means of a cascade scaling procedure, the kinetic equation is derived and possesses a memory which represents the nonMarkovian character of turbulence. The kinetic equation is transformed back to the hydrodynamical form to yield an energy balance in the cascade form. Normal and anomalous transports are analyzed. The theory is described for incompressible, compressible and plasma turbulence. Applications of the method to problems relating to sound generation and the propagation of light in a nonfrozen turbulence are considered.

Activity-dependent self-regulation of viscous length scales in biological systems

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Nandi, Saroj Kumar

2018-05-01

The cellular cortex, which is a highly viscous thin cytoplasmic layer just below the cell membrane, controls the cell's mechanical properties, which can be characterized by a hydrodynamic length scale ℓ . Cells actively regulate ℓ via the activity of force-generating molecules, such as myosin II. Here we develop a general theory for such systems through a coarse-grained hydrodynamic approach including activity in the static description of the system providing an experimentally accessible parameter and elucidate the detailed mechanism of how a living system can actively self-regulate its hydrodynamic length scale, controlling the rigidity of the system. Remarkably, we find that ℓ , as a function of activity, behaves universally and roughly inversely proportional to the activity of the system. Our theory rationalizes a number of experimental findings on diverse systems, and comparison of our theory with existing experimental data shows good agreement.

Self organization of exotic oil-in-oil phases driven by tunable electrohydrodynamics

PubMed Central

Varshney, Atul; Ghosh, Shankar; Bhattacharya, S.; Yethiraj, Anand

2012-01-01

Self organization of large-scale structures in nature - either coherent structures like crystals, or incoherent dynamic structures like clouds - is governed by long-range interactions. In many problems, hydrodynamics and electrostatics are the source of such long-range interactions. The tuning of electrostatic interactions has helped to elucidate when coherent crystalline structures or incoherent amorphous structures form in colloidal systems. However, there is little understanding of self organization in situations where both electrostatic and hydrodynamic interactions are present. We present a minimal two-component oil-in-oil model system where we can control the strength and lengthscale of the electrohydrodynamic interactions by tuning the amplitude and frequency of the imposed electric field. As a function of the hydrodynamic lengthscale, we observe a rich phenomenology of exotic structure and dynamics, from incoherent cloud-like structures and chaotic droplet dynamics, to polyhedral droplet phases, to coherent droplet arrays. PMID:23071902

Fast and accurate Voronoi density gridding from Lagrangian hydrodynamics data

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Petkova, Maya A.; Laibe, Guillaume; Bonnell, Ian A.

2018-01-01

Voronoi grids have been successfully used to represent density structures of gas in astronomical hydrodynamics simulations. While some codes are explicitly built around using a Voronoi grid, others, such as Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH), use particle-based representations and can benefit from constructing a Voronoi grid for post-processing their output. So far, calculating the density of each Voronoi cell from SPH data has been done numerically, which is both slow and potentially inaccurate. This paper proposes an alternative analytic method, which is fast and accurate. We derive an expression for the integral of a cubic spline kernel over the volume of a Voronoi cell and link it to the density of the cell. Mass conservation is ensured rigorously by the procedure. The method can be applied more broadly to integrate a spherically symmetric polynomial function over the volume of a random polyhedron.

"Data characterizing microfabricated human blood vessels created via hydrodynamic focusing".

PubMed

DiVito, Kyle A; Daniele, Michael A; Roberts, Steven A; Ligler, Frances S; Adams, André A

2017-10-01

This data article provides further detailed information related to our research article titled "Microfabricated Blood Vessels Undergo Neovascularization" (DiVito et al., 2017) [1], in which we report fabrication of human blood vessels using hydrodynamic focusing (HDF). Hydrodynamic focusing with advection inducing chevrons were used in concert to encase one fluid stream within another, shaping the inner core fluid into 'bullseye-like" cross-sections that were preserved through click photochemistry producing streams of cellularized hollow 3-dimensional assemblies, such as human blood vessels (Daniele et al., 2015a, 2015b, 2014, 2016; Roberts et al., 2016) [2], [3], [4], [5], [6]. Applications for fabricated blood vessels span general tissue engineering to organ-on-chip technologies, with specific utility in in vitro drug delivery and pharmacodynamics studies. Here, we report data regarding the construction of blood vessels including cellular composition and cell positioning within the engineered vascular construct as well as functional aspects of the tissues.

Optimization of the coherence function estimation for multi-core central processing unit

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Cheremnov, A. G.; Faerman, V. A.; Avramchuk, V. S.

2017-02-01

The paper considers use of parallel processing on multi-core central processing unit for optimization of the coherence function evaluation arising in digital signal processing. Coherence function along with other methods of spectral analysis is commonly used for vibration diagnosis of rotating machinery and its particular nodes. An algorithm is given for the function evaluation for signals represented with digital samples. The algorithm is analyzed for its software implementation and computational problems. Optimization measures are described, including algorithmic, architecture and compiler optimization, their results are assessed for multi-core processors from different manufacturers. Thus, speeding-up of the parallel execution with respect to sequential execution was studied and results are presented for Intel Core i7-4720HQ и AMD FX-9590 processors. The results show comparatively high efficiency of the optimization measures taken. In particular, acceleration indicators and average CPU utilization have been significantly improved, showing high degree of parallelism of the constructed calculating functions. The developed software underwent state registration and will be used as a part of a software and hardware solution for rotating machinery fault diagnosis and pipeline leak location with acoustic correlation method.

General dynamical density functional theory for classical fluids.

PubMed

Goddard, Benjamin D; Nold, Andreas; Savva, Nikos; Pavliotis, Grigorios A; Kalliadasis, Serafim

2012-09-21

We study the dynamics of a colloidal fluid including inertia and hydrodynamic interactions, two effects which strongly influence the nonequilibrium properties of the system. We derive a general dynamical density functional theory which shows very good agreement with full Langevin dynamics. In suitable limits, we recover existing dynamical density functional theories and a Navier-Stokes-like equation with additional nonlocal terms.

Computation and analysis of the transverse current autocorrelation function, Ct(k,t), for small wave vectors: A molecular-dynamics study for a Lennard-Jones fluid

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Vogelsang, R.; Hoheisel, C.

1987-02-01

Molecular-dynamics (MD) calculations are reported for three thermodynamic states of a Lennard-Jones fluid. Systems of 2048 particles and 105 integration steps were used. The transverse current autocorrelation function, Ct(k,t), has been determined for wave vectors of the range 0.5<||k||σ<1.5. Ct(k,t) was fitted by hydrodynamic-type functions. The fits returned k-dependent decay times and shear viscosities which showed a systematic behavior as a function of k. Extrapolation to the hydrodynamic region at k=0 gave shear viscosity coefficients in good agreement with direct Green-Kubo results obtained in previous work. The two-exponential model fit for the memory function proposed by other authors does not provide a reasonable description of the MD results, as the fit parameters show no systematic wave-vector dependence, although the Ct(k,t) functions are somewhat better fitted. Similarly, the semiempirical interpolation formula for the decay time based on the viscoelastic concept proposed by Akcasu and Daniels fails to reproduce the correct k dependence for the wavelength range investigated herein.

Best Practices for HQ EICs Working With Regions and Other AAships

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

Coordination between different editors is important, so that content in common gets interlinked rather than duplicated across different web areas, and regional content can be contributed and updated by regional subject matter experts.

76 FR 52672 - President's National Security Telecommunications Advisory Committee

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-08-23

... instructions for submitting written comments. E-mail: [email protected]hq.dhs.gov . Include the docket number in the... call, the NSTAC members will receive an update regarding the progress of the NSTAC's Cloud Computing...

jsc2013e009914

NASA Image and Video Library

2013-02-04

JSC2013-E-009914 (1969) -- Vice President Spiro Agnew pins Flight Director Eugene F. Kranz as NASA Administrator Thomas Paine and Apollo 9 Commander James A. McDivitt look on. Photo credit: NASA Hq. photo identification no. is 69-H-537

76 FR 81487 - Agency Information Collection Extension; Correction

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-12-28

... to Kathleen Binder at kathleen.binder@hq.doe.gov . Correction In the Federal Register of December 16... corrected to read: (1) OMB No. 1910-5118; Issued in Washington, DC on December 21, 2011. Kathleen M. Binder...

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Khangaonkar, Tarang P.; Breithaupt, Stephen A.; Kristanovich, Felix C.

A hydrodynamic and hydrologic modeling analysis was conducted to evaluate the feasibility of restoring natural estuarine functions and tidal marine wetlands habitat in the Chinook River estuary, located near the mouth of the Columbia River in Washington. The reduction in salmonid populations is attributable primarily to the construction of a Highway 101 overpass across the mouth of the Chinook River in the early 1920s with a tide gate under the overpass. This construction, which was designed to eliminate tidal action in the estuary, has impeded the upstream passage of salmonids. The goal of the Chinook River Restoration Project is tomore » restore tidal functions through the estuary, by removing the tide gate at the mouth of the river, filling drainage ditches, restoring tidal swales, and reforesting riparian areas. The hydrologic model (HEC-HMS) was used to compute Chinook River and tributary inflows for use as input to the hydrodynamic model at the project area boundary. The hydrodynamic model (RMA-10) was used to generate information on water levels, velocities, salinity, and inundation during both normal tides and 100-year storm conditions under existing conditions and under the restoration alternatives. The RMA-10 model was extended well upstream of the normal tidal flats into the watershed domain to correctly simulate flooding and drainage with tidal effects included, using the wetting and drying schemes. The major conclusion of the hydrologic and hydrodynamic modeling study was that restoration of the tidal functions in the Chinook River estuary would be feasible through opening or removal of the tide gate. Implementation of the preferred alternative (removal of the tide gate, restoration of the channel under Hwy 101 to a 200-foot width, and construction of an internal levee inside the project area) would provide the required restorations benefits (inundation, habitat, velocities, and salinity penetration, etc.) and meet flood protection requirements. The alternative design included design of storage such that relatively little difference in the drainage or inundation upstream of Chinook River Valley Road would occur as a result of the proposed restoration activities.« less