Literary and Electronic Hypertext: Borges, Criticism, Literary Research, and the Computer.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Davison, Ned J.

1991-01-01

Examines what "hypertext" means to literary criticism on the one hand (i.e., intertextuality) and computing on the other, to determine how the two concepts may serve each other in a mutually productive way. (GLR)

How to use the WWW to distribute STI

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Roper, Donna G.

1994-01-01

This presentation explains how to use the World Wide Web (WWW) to distribute scientific and technical information as hypermedia. WWW clients and servers use the HyperText Transfer Protocol (HTTP) to transfer documents containing links to other text, graphics, video, and sound. The standard language for these documents is the HyperText MarkUp Language (HTML). These are simply text files with formatting codes that contain layout information and hyperlinks. HTML documents can be created with any text editor or with one of the publicly available HTML editors or convertors. HTML can also include links to available image formats. This presentation is available online. The URL is http://sti.larc.nasa. (followed by) gov/demos/workshop/introtext.html.

Hypermedia 1990 structured Hypertext tutorial

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Johnson, J. Scott

1990-01-01

Hypermedia 1990 structured Hypertext tutorial is presented in the form of view-graphs. The following subject areas are covered: structured hypertext; analyzing hypertext documents for structure; designing structured hypertext documents; creating structured hypertext applications; structuring service and repair documents; maintaining structured hypertext documents; and structured hypertext conclusion.

Improving the Conceptual Understanding in Kinematics Subject Matter with Hypertext Media Learning and Formal Thinking

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Manurung, Sondang R.; Mihardi, Satria

2016-01-01

The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of hypertext media based kinematic learning and formal thinking ability to improve the conceptual understanding of physic prospective students. The research design used is the one-group pretest-posttest experimental design is carried out in the research by taking 36 students on from…

Learning with Hypertext Learning Environments: Theory, Design, and Research.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Jacobson, Michael J.; And Others

1996-01-01

Studied 69 undergraduates who used conceptually-indexed hypertext learning environments with differently structured thematic criss-crossing (TCC) treatments: guided and learner selected. Found that students need explicit modeling and scaffolding support to learn complex knowledge from these learning environments, and considers implications for…

Feral Hypertext: When Hypertext Literature Escapes Control

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rettberg, Jill Walker

This article explores the historical development of hypertext, arguing that we have seen a transition from early visions and implementations of hypertext that primarily dealt with using hypertext to gain greater control over knowledge and ideas, to today's messy web. Pre-web hypertext can be seen as a domesticated species bred in captivity. On the web, however, some breeds of hypertext have gone feral. Feral hypertext is no longer tame and domesticated, but is fundamentally out of our control. In order to understand and work with feral hypertext, we need to accept this and think more as hunter-gatherers than as the farmers we were for domesticated hypertext. The article discusses hypertext in general with an emphasis on literary and creative hypertext practice.

An Evaluation of the Impact of E-Learning Media Formats on Student Perception and Performance

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kurbel, Karl; Stankov, Ivo; Datsenka, Rastsislau

Factors influencing student evaluation of web-based courses are analyzed, based on student feedback from an online distance-learning graduate program. The impact of different media formats on the perception of the courses by the students as well as on their performance in these courses are examined. In particular, we studied conventional hypertext-based courses, video-based courses and audio-based courses, and tried to find out whether the media format has an effect on how students assess courses and how good or bad their grades are. Statistical analyses were performed to answer several research questions related to the topic and to properly evaluate the factors influencing student evaluation.

E-Learning Today: A Review of Research on Hypertext Comprehension

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hinesley, Gail A.

2007-01-01

Use of hypertext is pervasive in education today--it is used for all online course delivery as well as many stand-alone delivery methods such as educational computer software and compact discs (CDs). This article will review Kintsch's Construction-Integration and Anderson's Adaptive Control of Thought-Rational (ACT-R) cognitive architectures and…

Addressing hypertext design and conversion issues

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Glusko, Robert J.

1990-01-01

Hypertext is a network of information units connected by relational links. A hypertext system is a configuration of hardware and software that presents a hypertext to users and allows them to manage and access the information that it contains. Hypertext is also a user interface concept that closely supports the ways that people use printed information. Hypertext concepts encourage modularity and the elimination of redundancy in data bases because information can be stored only once but viewed in any appropriate context. Hypertext is such a hot idea because it is an enabling technology in that workstations and personal computers finally provide enough local processing power for hypertext user interfaces.

Hypertext: Link to the Future.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Marmion, Dan

1990-01-01

Describes the origins of hypertext and reviews the history of the concept of nonsequential access to information that led to hypertext. Technological developments that have been combined with hypertext are discussed, including workstations, video and laser disk technology, and microcomputers; and library applications of hypertext and hypermedia…

Hypertext and Information Retrieval.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Smith, Karen E.; And Others

1988-01-01

An overview of hypertext and hypermedia is followed by a description of the Intermedia system, and possibilities for using hypertext in the information industry are explored. A sidebar discusses information retrieval in the humanities using hypertext, and a 58-item annotated bibliography on hypertext is presented. (7 references) (MES)

Automating hypertext for decision support

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Bieber, Michael

1990-01-01

A decision support system (DSS) shell is being constructed that can support applications in a variety of fields, e.g., engineering, manufacturing, finance. The shell provides a hypertext-style interface for 'navigating' among DSS application models, data, and reports. The traditional notion of hypertext had to be enhanced. Hypertext normally requires manually, pre-defined links. A DSS shell, however, requires that hypertext connections to be built 'on the fly'. The role of hypertext is discussed in augmenting DSS applications and the decision making process. Also discussed is how hypertext nodes, links, and link markers tailored to an arbitrary DSS application were automatically generated.

A Remote Knowledge Repository System for Teaching and Learning.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Martins, Protasio D.; Maidantchik, Carmen; Lemos, Leandro T.; Manoel de Seixas, Jose

Changes in the global economy and the extensive use of the internet implied a conceptual redefinition of the working and social structure, and consequently an enhancement of educational systems that instruct engineers. This paper presents a repository of remote multimedia information such as formatted or non-formatted documents, hypertext pages,…

Hypertext-based design of a user interface for scheduling

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Woerner, Irene W.; Biefeld, Eric

1993-01-01

Operations Mission Planner (OMP) is an ongoing research project at JPL that utilizes AI techniques to create an intelligent, automated planning and scheduling system. The information space reflects the complexity and diversity of tasks necessary in most real-world scheduling problems. Thus the problem of the user interface is to present as much information as possible at a given moment and allow the user to quickly navigate through the various types of displays. This paper describes a design which applies the hypertext model to solve these user interface problems. The general paradigm is to provide maps and search queries to allow the user to quickly find an interesting conflict or problem, and then allow the user to navigate through the displays in a hypertext fashion.

Blue hypertext is a good design decision: no perceptual disadvantage in reading and successful highlighting of relevant information.

PubMed

Gagl, Benjamin

2016-01-01

Highlighted text in the Internet (i.e., hypertext) is predominantly blue and underlined. The perceptibility of these hypertext characteristics was heavily questioned by applied research and empirical tests resulted in inconclusive results. The ability to recognize blue text in foveal and parafoveal vision was identified as potentially constrained by the low number of foveally centered blue light sensitive retinal cells. The present study investigates if foveal and parafoveal perceptibility of blue hypertext is reduced in comparison to normal black text during reading. A silent-sentence reading study with simultaneous eye movement recordings and the invisible boundary paradigm, which allows the investigation of foveal and parafoveal perceptibility, separately, was realized (comparing fixation times after degraded vs. un-degraded parafoveal previews). Target words in sentences were presented in either black or blue and either underlined or normal. No effect of color and underlining, but a preview benefit could be detected for first pass reading measures. Fixation time measures that included re-reading, e.g., total viewing times, showed, in addition to a preview effect, a reduced fixation time for not highlighted (black not underlined) in contrast to highlighted target words (either blue or underlined or both). The present pattern reflects no detectable perceptual disadvantage of hyperlink stimuli but increased attraction of attention resources, after first pass reading, through highlighting. Blue or underlined text allows readers to easily perceive hypertext and at the same time readers re-visited highlighted words longer. On the basis of the present evidence, blue hypertext can be safely recommended to web designers for future use.

Control and the Cyborg: Writing and Being Written in Hypertext.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Johnson-Eilola, Johndan

1993-01-01

Describes the computer technology called hypertext, especially as it relates to teaching composition. Argues that the ability to redistribute textual control hold both empowerment and danger for hypertext writer/readers, who can be compared to cyborgs. Discusses the implications of hypertext for composition pedagogy. (HB)

Empirical Evaluation of Adaptive Annotation in Hypermedia.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Specht, Marcus

Empirical evaluations of learning with hypertext have shown contradictory results. Adaptive hypertext was introduced to solve some problems when learning with hypertext. This paper reports on two empirical studies comparing different forms of adaptive hypertext. In the first experiment, four treatments were realized by a combination of adaptive…

Visual-Spatial Thinking in Hypertexts.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Johnson-Sheehan, Richard; Baehr, Craig

2001-01-01

Explores what it means to think visually and spatially in hypertexts and how users react and maneuver in real and virtual three-dimensional spaces. Offers four principles of visual thinking that can be applied when developing hypertexts. Applies these principles to actual hypertexts, demonstrating how selectivity, fixation, depth discernment, and…

Seven ways to make a hypertext project fail

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Glushko, Robert J.

1990-01-01

Hypertext is an exciting concept, but designing and developing hypertext applications of practical scale is hard. To make a project feasible and successful 'hypertext engineers' must overcome the following problems: (1) developing realistic expectations in the face of hypertext hype; (2) assembling a multidisciplinary project team; (3) establishing and following design guidelines; (4) dealing with installed base constraints; (5) obtaining usable source files; (6) finding appropriate software technology and methods; and (7) overcoming legal uncertainties about intellectual property concerns.

Authoritative Authoring: Software That Makes Multimedia Happen.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Florio, Chris; Murie, Michael

1996-01-01

Compares seven mid- to high-end multimedia authoring software systems that combine graphics, sound, animation, video, and text for Windows and Macintosh platforms. A run-time project was created with each program using video, animation, graphics, sound, formatted text, hypertext, and buttons. (LRW)

XML: An Introduction.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lewis, John D.

1998-01-01

Describes XML (extensible markup language), a new language classification submitted to the World Wide Web Consortium that is defined in terms of both SGML (Standard Generalized Markup Language) and HTML (Hypertext Markup Language), specifically designed for the Internet. Limitations of PDF (Portable Document Format) files for electronic journals…

Blue hypertext is a good design decision: no perceptual disadvantage in reading and successful highlighting of relevant information

PubMed Central

2016-01-01

Background Highlighted text in the Internet (i.e., hypertext) is predominantly blue and underlined. The perceptibility of these hypertext characteristics was heavily questioned by applied research and empirical tests resulted in inconclusive results. The ability to recognize blue text in foveal and parafoveal vision was identified as potentially constrained by the low number of foveally centered blue light sensitive retinal cells. The present study investigates if foveal and parafoveal perceptibility of blue hypertext is reduced in comparison to normal black text during reading. Methods A silent-sentence reading study with simultaneous eye movement recordings and the invisible boundary paradigm, which allows the investigation of foveal and parafoveal perceptibility, separately, was realized (comparing fixation times after degraded vs. un-degraded parafoveal previews). Target words in sentences were presented in either black or blue and either underlined or normal. Results No effect of color and underlining, but a preview benefit could be detected for first pass reading measures. Fixation time measures that included re-reading, e.g., total viewing times, showed, in addition to a preview effect, a reduced fixation time for not highlighted (black not underlined) in contrast to highlighted target words (either blue or underlined or both). Discussion The present pattern reflects no detectable perceptual disadvantage of hyperlink stimuli but increased attraction of attention resources, after first pass reading, through highlighting. Blue or underlined text allows readers to easily perceive hypertext and at the same time readers re-visited highlighted words longer. On the basis of the present evidence, blue hypertext can be safely recommended to web designers for future use. PMID:27688970

Development and implementation of an electronic library tour for the NASA Langley Technical Library. M.S. Thesis, North Carolina Univ., Jul. 1994

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Rinker, Nancy A.

1994-01-01

The role of librarians today is drastically influenced by the changing nature of information and library services. The museum-like libraries of yesterday are a thing of the past: today's libraries are bustling with life, activity, and the sounds of new technologies. Libraries are replacing their paper card catalogs with state-of-the-art online systems, which provide faster and more comprehensive search capabilities. Even the resources themselves are changing. New formats for information, such as CD-ROM's, are becoming popular for all types of publications, from bibliographic tools to encyclopedias to electronic journals, even replacing print materials completely in some cases. Today it is almost impossible to walk into a library and find the information you need without coming into contact with at least one computer system. Librarians are not only struggling to keep up with the technological advancements of the day, but they are becoming information intermediaries: they must teach library users how to use all of the new systems and electronic resources. Not surprisingly, bibliographic instruction itself has taken on a new look and feel in these electronically advanced libraries. Many libraries are experimenting with the development of expert systems and other computer aided instruction interfaces for teaching patrons how to use the library and its resources. One popular type of interface in library instruction programs is hypertext, which utilizes 'stacks' or linked pages of information. Hypertext stacks can incorporate color graphics along with text to provide a more interesting interface and entice users into trying out the system. Another advantage of hypertext is that it is generally easy to use, even for those unfamiliar with computers. As such, it lends itself well to application in libraries, which often serve a broad range of clientele. This paper will discuss the design, development, and implementation of a hypertext library tour in a special library setting. The library featured in the electronic library tour is the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's Technical Library at Langley Research Center in Hampton, Virginia.

Archive of chirp seismic reflection data collected during USGS cruises 00SCC02 and 00SCC04, Barataria Basin, Louisiana, May 12-31 and June 17-July 2, 2000

USGS Publications Warehouse

Calderon, Karynna; Dadisman, S.V.; Kindinger, J.L.; Flocks, J.G.; Wiese, D.S.; Kulp, Mark; Penland, Shea; Britsch, L.D.; Brooks, G.R.

2003-01-01

This archive consists of two-dimensional marine seismic reflection profile data collected in the Barataria Basin of southern Louisiana. These data were acquired in May, June, and July of 2000 aboard the R/V G.K. Gilbert. Included here are data in a variety of formats including binary, American Standard Code for Information Interchange (ASCII), Hyper-Text Markup Language (HTML), shapefiles, and Graphics Interchange Format (GIF) and Joint Photographic Experts Group (JPEG) images. Binary data are in Society of Exploration Geophysicists (SEG) SEG-Y format and may be downloaded for further processing or display. Reference maps and GIF images of the profiles may be viewed with a web browser. The Geographic Information Systems (GIS) information provided here is compatible with Environmental Systems Research Institute (ESRI) GIS software.

XML Content Finally Arrives on the Web!

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Funke, Susan

1998-01-01

Explains extensible markup language (XML) and how it differs from hypertext markup language (HTML) and standard generalized markup language (SGML). Highlights include features of XML, including better formatting of documents, better searching capabilities, multiple uses for hyperlinking, and an increase in Web applications; Web browsers; and what…

Hypertext Image Retrieval: The Evolution of an Application.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Roberts, G. Louis; Kenney, Carol E.

1991-01-01

Describes the development and implementation of a full-text image retrieval system at the Boeing Commercial Airplane Group. The conversion of card formats to a microcomputer-based system using HyperCard is described; the online system architecture is explained; and future plans are discussed, including conversion to digital images. (LRW)

Query by Browsing: An Alternative Hypertext Information Retrieval Method

PubMed Central

Frisse, Mark E.; Cousins, Steve B.

1989-01-01

In this paper we discuss our efforts to develop programs which enhance the ability to navigate through large medical hypertext systems. Our approach organizes hypertext index terms into a belief network and uses reader feedback to update the degree of belief in the index terms' utility to a query. We begin by describing various possible configurations for indexes to hypertext. We then describe how belief network calculations can be applied to these indexes. After a brief discussion of early results using manuscripts from a medical handbook, we close with an analysis of our approach's applicability to a wider range of hypertext information retrieval problems.

Development of interactive hypermedia software for high school biology: A research and development study

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Alturki, Uthman T.

The goal of this research was to research, design, and develop a hypertext program for students who study biology. The Ecology Hypertext Program was developed using Research and Development (R&D) methodology. The purpose of this study was to place the final "product", a CD-ROM for learning biology concepts, in the hands of teachers and students to help them in learning and teaching process. The product was created through a cycle of literature review, needs assessment, development, and a cycle of field tests and revisions. I applied the ten steps of R&D process suggested by Borg and Gall (1989) which, consisted of: (1) Literature review, (2) Needs assessment, (3) Planning, (4) Develop preliminary product, (5) Preliminary field-testing, (6) Preliminary revision, (7) Main field-testing, (8) Main revision, (9) Final field-testing, and (10) Final product revision. The literature review and needs assessment provided a support and foundation for designing the preliminary product---the Ecology Hypertext Program. Participants in the needs assessment joined a focus group discussion. They were a group of graduate students in education who suggested the importance for designing this product. For the preliminary field test, the participants were a group of high school students studying biology. They were the potential user of the product. They reviewed the preliminary product and then filled out a questionnaire. Their feedback and suggestions were used to develop and improve the product in a step called preliminary revision. The second round of field tasting was the main field test in which the participants joined a focus group discussion. They were the same group who participated in needs assessment task. They reviewed the revised product and then provided ideas and suggestions to improve the product. Their feedback were categorized and implemented to develop the product as in the main revision task. Finally, a group of science teachers participated in this study by reviewing the product and then filling out the questionnaire. Their suggestions were used to conduct the final step in R&D methodology, the final product revision. The primary result of this study was the Ecology Hypertext Program. It considered a small attempt to give students an opportunity to learn through an interactive hypertext program. In addition, using the R&D methodology was an ideal procedure for designing and developing new educational products and material.

Intelligent hypertext manual development for the Space Shuttle hazardous gas detection system

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Lo, Ching F.; Hoyt, W. Andes

1989-01-01

This research is designed to utilize artificial intelligence (AI) technology to increase the efficiency of personnel involved with monitoring the space shuttle hazardous gas detection systems at the Marshall Space Flight Center. The objective is to create a computerized service manual in the form of a hypertext and expert system which stores experts' knowledge and experience. The resulting Intelligent Manual will assist the user in interpreting data timely, in identifying possible faults, in locating the applicable documentation efficiently, in training inexperienced personnel effectively, and updating the manual frequently as required.

Using Hypertext to Facilitate Information Sharing in Biomedical Research Groups

PubMed Central

Chaney, R. Jesse; Shipman, Frank M.; Gorry, G. Anthony

1989-01-01

As part of our effort to create an Integrated Academic Information Management System at Baylor College of Medicine, we are developing information technology to support the efforts of scientific work groups. Many of our ideas in this regard are embodied in a system called the Virtual Notebook which is intended to facilitate information sharing and management in such groups. Here we discuss the foundations of that system - a hypertext system that we have developed using a relational data base and the distributable interface the we have written in the X Window System.

How do students navigate and learn from nonlinear science texts: Can metanavigation support promote science learning?

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Stylianou, Agni

2003-06-01

Digital texts which are based on hypertext and hypermedia technologies are now being used to support science learning. Hypertext offers certain opportunities for learning as well as difficulties that challenge readers to become metacognitively aware of their navigation decisions in order to trade both meaning and structure while reading. The goal of this study was to investigate whether supporting sixth grade students to monitor and regulate their navigation behavior while reading from hypertext would lead to better navigation and learning. Metanavigation support in the form of prompts was provided to groups of students who used a hypertext system called CoMPASS to complete a design challenge. The metanavigation prompts aimed at encouraging students to understand the affordances of the navigational aids in CoMPASS and use them to guide their navigation. The study was conducted in a real classroom setting during the implementation of CoMPASS in sixth grade science classes. Multiple sources of group and individual data were collected and analyzed. Measures included student's individual performance in a pre-science knowledge test, the Metacognitive Awareness of Reading Strategies Inventory (MARSI), a reading comprehension test and a concept map test. Process measures included log file information that captured group navigation paths during the use of CoMPASS. The results suggested that providing metanavigation support enabled the groups to make coherent transitions among the text units. Findings also revealed that reading comprehension, presence of metanavigation support and prior domain knowledge significantly predicted students' individual understanding of science. Implications for hypertext design and literacy research fields are discussed.

Hypertext comprehension of deaf and hard-of-hearing students and students with specific language impairment.

PubMed

Blom, Helen; Segers, Eliane; Hermans, Daan; Knoors, Harry; Verhoeven, Ludo

2017-02-01

This paper provides insight into the reading comprehension of hierarchically structured hypertexts within D/HH students and students with SLI. To our knowledge, it is the first study on hypertext comprehension in D/HH students and students with SLI, and it also considers the role of working memory. We compared hypertext versus linear text comprehension in D/HH students and students with SLI versus younger students without language problems who had a similar level of decoding and vocabulary. The results demonstrated no difference in text comprehension between the hierarchically structured hypertext and the linear text. Text comprehension of D/HH students and students with SLI was comparable to that of the students without language problems. In addition, there was a similar positive predictive value of visuospatial and not verbal working memory on hypertext comprehension for all three groups. The findings implicate that educational settings can make use of hierarchically structured hypertexts as well as linear texts and that children can navigate in the digital world from young age on, even if language or working memory problems are present. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

So You Wanna Be a Web Author?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Buchanan, Larry

1996-01-01

Defines HyperText Markup Language (HTML) as it relates to the World Wide Web (WWW). Describes steps needed to create HTML files on a UNIX system and to make them accessible via the WWW. Presents a list of basic HTML formatting codes and explains the coding used in the author's personal HTML file. (JMV)

Making the World Wide Web Accessible to All Students.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Guthrie, Sally A.

2000-01-01

Examines the accessibility of Web sites belonging to 80 colleges of communications and schools of journalism by examining the hypertext markup language (HTML) used to format the pages. Suggests ways to revise the markup of pages to make them more accessible to students with vision, hearing, and mobility problems. Lists resources of the latest…

World-Wide Web: The Information Universe.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Berners-Lee, Tim; And Others

1992-01-01

Describes the World-Wide Web (W3) project, which is designed to create a global information universe using techniques of hypertext, information retrieval, and wide area networking. Discussion covers the W3 data model, W3 architecture, the document naming scheme, protocols, document formats, comparison with other systems, experience with the W3…

Hypertext Interchange Using ICA.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Rada, Roy; And Others

1995-01-01

Discusses extended ICA (Integrated Chameleon Architecture), a public domain toolset for generating text-to-hypertext translators. A system called SGML-MUCH has been developed using E-ICA (Extended Integrated Chameleon Architecture) and is presented as a case study with converters for the hypertext systems MUCH, Guide, Hyperties, and Toolbook.…

TELLTALE: Experiments in a Dynamic Hypertext Environment for Degraded and Multilingual Data.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Pearce, Claudia; Nicholas, Charles

1996-01-01

Presents experimentation results for the TELLTALE system, a dynamic hypertext environment that provides full-text search from a hypertext-style user interface for text corpora that may be garbled by OCR (optical character recognition) or transmission errors, and that may contain languages other than English. (Author/LRW)

The User Interface: A Hypertext Model Linking Art Objects and Related Information.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Moline, Judi

This report presents a model combining the emerging technologies of hypertext and expert systems. Hypertext is relatively unexplored but promises an innovative approach to information retrieval. In contrast, expert systems have been used experimentally in many different application areas ranging from medical diagnosis to oil exploration. The…

Hypertext Publishing and the Revitalization of Knowledge.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Louie, Steven; Rubeck, Robert F.

1989-01-01

Discusses the use of hypertext for publishing and other document control activities in higher education. Topics discussed include a model of hypertext, called GUIDE, that is used at the University of Arizona Medical School; the increase in the number of scholarly publications; courseware development by faculty; and artificial intelligence. (LRW)

Hypertext: Behind the Hype. ERIC Digest.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bevilacqua, Ann F.

This digest begins by defining the concept of hypertext and describing the two types of hypertext--static and dynamic. Three prototype applications are then discussed: (1) Intermedia, a large-scale multimedia system at Brown University; (2) the Perseus Project at Harvard University, which is developing interactive courseware on classical Greek…

Information Comparisons in Example-Based Hypermedia Environments: Supporting Learners with Processing Prompts and an Interactive Comparison Tool

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gerjets, Peter; Scheiter, Katharina; Schuh, Julia

2008-01-01

Global comparisons of learning from hypertext/hypermedia and traditional presentation formats like text have yet failed to show major advantages concerning the effectiveness of hypermedia learning. Thus, it is proposed in the current paper to evaluate hypermedia environments more specifically with regard to their potential to implement and support…

Meditations upon Hypertext: A Rhetorethics for Cyborgs.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gilbert, Pamela K.

1997-01-01

Suggests that the ability to actualize the potential of hypertext is limited by the lack of an adequate theory of hypertext reading which accounts for ethical and political issues of identity or subjectivity. Identifies examples of this problem and speculates on some responses; considers what sort of reader and/or reading practices hypertext…

Navigation and Comprehension of Digital Expository Texts: Hypertext Structure, Previous Domain Knowledge, and Working Memory Capacity

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Burin, Debora I.; Barreyro, Juan P.; Saux, Gastón; Irrazábal, Natalia C.

2015-01-01

Introduction: In contemporary information societies, reading digital text has become pervasive. One of the most distinctive features of digital texts is their internal connections via hyperlinks, resulting in non-linear hypertexts. Hypertext structure and previous knowledge affect navigation and comprehension of digital expository texts. From the…

Using an Architectural Metaphor for Information Design in Hypertext.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Deboard, Donn R.; Lee, Doris

2001-01-01

Uses Frank Lloyd Wright's (1867-1959) organic architecture as a metaphor to define the relationship between a part and a whole, whether the focus is on a building and its surroundings or information delivered via hypertext. Reviews effective strategies for designing text information via hypertext and incorporates three levels of information…

Debugging expert systems using a dynamically created hypertext network

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Boyle, Craig D. B.; Schuette, John F.

1991-01-01

The labor intensive nature of expert system writing and debugging motivated this study. The hypothesis is that a hypertext based debugging tool is easier and faster than one traditional tool, the graphical execution trace. HESDE (Hypertext Expert System Debugging Environment) uses Hypertext nodes and links to represent the objects and their relationships created during the execution of a rule based expert system. HESDE operates transparently on top of the CLIPS (C Language Integrated Production System) rule based system environment and is used during the knowledge base debugging process. During the execution process HESDE builds an execution trace. Use of facts, rules, and their values are automatically stored in a Hypertext network for each execution cycle. After the execution process, the knowledge engineer may access the Hypertext network and browse the network created. The network may be viewed in terms of rules, facts, and values. An experiment was conducted to compare HESDE with a graphical debugging environment. Subjects were given representative tasks. For speed and accuracy, in eight of the eleven tasks given to subjects, HESDE was significantly better.

Techniques for capturing expert knowledge - An expert systems/hypertext approach

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Lafferty, Larry; Taylor, Greg; Schumann, Robin; Evans, Randy; Koller, Albert M., Jr.

1990-01-01

The knowledge-acquisition strategy developed for the Explosive Hazards Classification (EHC) Expert System is described in which expert systems and hypertext are combined, and broad applications are proposed. The EHC expert system is based on rapid prototyping in which primary knowledge acquisition from experts is not emphasized; the explosive hazards technical bulletin, technical guidance, and minimal interviewing are used to develop the knowledge-based system. Hypertext is used to capture the technical information with respect to four issues including procedural, materials, test, and classification issues. The hypertext display allows the integration of multiple knowlege representations such as clarifications or opinions, and thereby allows the performance of a broad range of tasks on a single machine. Among other recommendations, it is suggested that the integration of hypertext and expert systems makes the resulting synergistic system highly efficient.

Linking Information to Objects: A Hypertext Prototype for Numismatists.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Moline, Judi

1991-01-01

This report focuses on the user of a prototype hypertext application designed to help coin collectors link ancient coins with relevant numismatic information. It is noted that hypertext systems promote the collection of information that may be multimedia in nature and may be linked so that information can be accessed in a non-linear manner. The…

An Investigation of Scaffolded Reading on EFL Hypertext Comprehension

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Shang, Hui-Fang

2015-01-01

With the rapid growth of computer technology, some printed texts are designed as hypertexts to help EFL (English as a foreign language) learners search for and process multiple resources in a timely manner for autonomous learning. The purpose of this study was to design a hypertext system and examine if a 14-week teacher-guided print-based and…

Proceedings of the Hypertext Standardization Workshop (Gaithersburg, Maryland, January 16-18, 1990).

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Moline, Judi, Ed.; And Others

This report constitutes the proceedings of a three day workshop on Hypertext Standardization held at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) on January 16-18, 1990. Efforts towards standardization of hypertext have already been initiated in various interested organizations. The major purpose of the workshop was to provide a forum…

Hypertext and Hypermedia: Applications for Educational Use. Year 2 Monograph.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Boone, Randall; Higgins, Kyle

This report presents information on the second year of a 3-year project to develop hypertext computer study guides and to study their use by secondary students, including remedial students and those with learning disabilities. The first section provides an introduction to hypertext, what it is, how it is structured, and how it compares with…

Hypertext Theory: Rethinking and Reformulating What We Know, Web 2.0

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Baehr, Craig; Lang, Susan M.

2012-01-01

This article traces the influences of hypertext theory throughout the various genres of online publication in technical communication. It begins with a look back at some of the important concepts and theorists writing about hypertext theory from the post-World War II era, to the early years of the World Wide Web 2.0, and the very differing notions…

Development of an intelligent hypertext system for wind tunnel testing

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Lo, Ching F.; Shi, George Z.; Steinle, Frank W.; Wu, Y. C. L. Susan; Hoyt, W. Andes

1991-01-01

This paper summarizes the results of a system utilizing artificial intelligence technology to improve the productivity of project engineers who conduct wind tunnel tests. The objective was to create an intelligent hypertext system which integrates a hypertext manual and expert system that stores experts' knowledge and experience. The preliminary (Phase I) effort implemented a prototype IHS module encompassing a portion of the manuals and knowledge used for wind tunnel testing. The effort successfully demonstrated the feasibility of the intelligent hypertext system concept. A module for the internal strain gage balance, implemented on both IBM-PC and Macintosh computers, is presented. A description of the Phase II effort is included.

Toward intelligent information sysytem

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Onodera, Natsuo

"Hypertext" means a concept of a novel computer-assisted tool for storage and retrieval of text information based on human association. Structure of knowledge in our idea processing is generally complicated and networked, but traditional paper documents merely express it in essentially linear and sequential forms. However, recent advances in work-station technology have allowed us to process easily electronic documents containing non-linear structure such as references or hierarchies. This paper describes concept, history and basic organization of hypertext, and shows the outline and features of existing main hypertext systems. Particularly, use of the hypertext database is illustrated by an example of Intermedia developed by Brown University.

Goal-Directed Reading of Complex, Embedded Hypertexts: Effects of Goal and Interest on Search Strategies and Selective Attention.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gillingham, Mark G.

A study examined what happened when a group of adult students read a hypertext for the goal of answering specific questions. Subjects, 30 students enrolled in an upper-division psychology course at a state university in the northwestern United States, read a binary tree-structured hypertext to answer three two-part questions on the topic of…

Moves in Hypertext: The Resource of Negotiation as a Means to Describe the Way Students Navigate a Pathway through Hypertext

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Zammit, Katina

2011-01-01

With the increased use of hypertexts to locate information, students need to make informed decisions about their pathway so they build knowledge efficiently. The moves they make need to contribute to understanding the topic more than detracting them. This paper explores the use of Systemic Functional Linguistics (SFL) to describe the construction…

Criminal Justice Research in Libraries and on the Internet.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Nelson, Bonnie R.

In addition to covering the enduring elements of traditional research on criminal justice, this new edition provides full coverage on research using the World Wide Web, hypertext documents, computer indexes, and other online resources. It gives an in-depth explanation of such concepts as databases, networks, and full text, and covers the Internet…

Fingerprinting Reverse Proxies Using Timing Analysis of TCP Flows

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-09-01

bayes classifier,” in Cloud Computing Security , ser. CCSW ’09. New York City, NY: ACM, 2009, pp. 31–42. [30] J. Zhang, R. Perdisci, W. Lee, U. Sarfraz...FSM Finite State Machine HTML Hypertext Markup Language HTTP Hypertext Transfer Protocol HTTPS Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure ICMP Internet Control...This hidden traffic concept supports network access control, security protection through obfuscation, and performance boosts at the Internet facing

WebWatcher: Machine Learning and Hypertext

DTIC Science & Technology

1995-05-29

WebWatcher: Machine Learning and Hypertext Thorsten Joachims, Tom Mitchell, Dayne Freitag, and Robert Armstrong School of Computer Science Carnegie...HTML-page about machine learning in which we in- serted a hyperlink to WebWatcher (line 6). The user follows this hyperlink and gets to a page which...AND SUBTITLE WebWatcher: Machine Learning and Hypertext 5a. CONTRACT NUMBER 5b. GRANT NUMBER 5c. PROGRAM ELEMENT NUMBER 6. AUTHOR(S) 5d. PROJECT

Intelligent hypertext systems for aerospace engineering applications

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Lo, Ching F.

1989-01-01

This paper is a progress report on the utilization of AI technology for assisting users locating and understanding technical information in manuals used for planning and conducting wind tunnel test. The specific goal is to create an Intelligent Hypertext System (IHS) for wind tunnel testing which combines the computerized manual in the form of hypertext and an advisory system that stores experts' knowledge and experiences. A prototype IHS for conducting transonic wind tunnel testing has been constructed with limited knowledge base. The prototype is being evaluated by potential users.

A Hypertext Glossary of Nematology.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Francl, Leonard J.

1993-01-01

Describes NEMATODE GLOSSARY, a hypertext glossary of terminology used in graduate nematology courses. Glossary definitions of anatomical terms are linked to color illustrations. Common names of plant and animal parasites and mnemonic codes for nematode genes are in separate appendices. (Author/MDH)

Hypermedia Concepts and Research: An Overview.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Burton, John K.; And Others

1995-01-01

Provides an overview of hypermedia, including a history of hypertext and multimedia, and discusses how they have been combined into the term hypermedia; a cognitive overview; dual coding and cue summation; and theories related to learners, including field dependence-independence, memory, and metacognition. Contains 156 references. (LRW)

Socio-Psycho-Linguistic Determined Expert-Search System (SPLDESS) Development with Multimedia Illustration Elements

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ponomarev, Vasily

SPLDESS development with the elements of a multimedia illustration of traditional hypertext search results by Internet search engine provides research of information propagation innovative effect during the public access information-recruiting networks of information kiosks formation at the experimental stage with the mirrors at the constantly updating portal for Internet users. Author of this publication put the emphasis on a condition of pertinent search engine results of the total answer by the user inquiries, that provide the politically correct and not usurping socially-network data mining effect at urgent monitoring. Development of the access by devices of the new communication types with the newest technologies of data transmission, multimedia and an information exchange from the first innovation line usage support portal is presented also (including the device of social-psycho-linguistic determination according the author's conception).

Examining the online reading behavior and performance of fifth-graders: evidence from eye-movement data

PubMed Central

Sung, Yao-Ting; Wu, Ming-Da; Chen, Chun-Kuang; Chang, Kuo-En

2015-01-01

Online reading is developing at an increasingly rapid rate, but the debate concerning whether learning is more effective when using hypertexts than when using traditional linear texts is still persistent. In addition, several researchers stated that online reading comprehension always starts with a question, but little empirical evidence has been gathered to investigate this claim. This study used eye-tracking technology and retrospective think aloud technique to examine online reading behaviors of fifth-graders (N = 50). The participants were asked to read four texts on the website. The present study employed a three-way mixed design: 2 (reading ability: high vs. low) × 2 (reading goals: with vs. without) × 2 (text types: hypertext vs. linear text). The dependent variables were eye-movement indices and the frequencies of using online reading strategy. The results show that fifth-graders, irrespective of their reading ability, found it difficult to navigate the non-linear structure of hypertexts when searching for and integrating information. When they read with goals, they adjusted their reading speed and the focus of their attention. Their offline reading ability also influenced their online reading performance. These results suggest that online reading skills and strategies have to be taught in order to enhance the online reading abilities of elementary-school students. PMID:26074837

Examining the online reading behavior and performance of fifth-graders: evidence from eye-movement data.

PubMed

Sung, Yao-Ting; Wu, Ming-Da; Chen, Chun-Kuang; Chang, Kuo-En

2015-01-01

Online reading is developing at an increasingly rapid rate, but the debate concerning whether learning is more effective when using hypertexts than when using traditional linear texts is still persistent. In addition, several researchers stated that online reading comprehension always starts with a question, but little empirical evidence has been gathered to investigate this claim. This study used eye-tracking technology and retrospective think aloud technique to examine online reading behaviors of fifth-graders (N = 50). The participants were asked to read four texts on the website. The present study employed a three-way mixed design: 2 (reading ability: high vs. low) × 2 (reading goals: with vs. without) × 2 (text types: hypertext vs. linear text). The dependent variables were eye-movement indices and the frequencies of using online reading strategy. The results show that fifth-graders, irrespective of their reading ability, found it difficult to navigate the non-linear structure of hypertexts when searching for and integrating information. When they read with goals, they adjusted their reading speed and the focus of their attention. Their offline reading ability also influenced their online reading performance. These results suggest that online reading skills and strategies have to be taught in order to enhance the online reading abilities of elementary-school students.

Applying Hypertext Structures to Software Documentation.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

French, James C.; And Others

1997-01-01

Describes a prototype system for software documentation management called SLEUTH (Software Literacy Enhancing Usefulness to Humans) being developed at the University of Virginia. Highlights include information retrieval techniques, hypertext links that are installed automatically, a WAIS (Wide Area Information Server) search engine, user…

Oak Regeneration: A Knowledge Synthesis

Treesearch

H. Michael Rauscher; David L. Loftis; Charles E. McGee; Christopher V. Worth

1997-01-01

This scientific literature is represented by a hypertext software. To view this literature you must download and install the hypertext software.Abstract: The scientific literature concerning oak regeneration problems is lengthy, complex, paradoxical, and often perplexing. Despite a large scientific literature and numerous conference...

The Classroom Manager. Hands-on Multimedia.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kaplan, Nancy; And Others

1992-01-01

Four teachers discuss how they help students create hands-on, multimedia reports and presentations. Ideas include using hypertext programs on classroom computers to make computerized notecards of data on study topics, using CD-ROM disks for research, creating storyboards of videotaped reports, and setting up schedules for videotaping. (SM)

Hypertext-based computer vision teaching packages

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Marshall, A. David

1994-10-01

The World Wide Web Initiative has provided a means for providing hypertext and multimedia based information across the whole INTERNET. Many applications have been developed on such http servers. At Cardiff we have developed a http hypertext based multimedia server, the Cardiff Information Server, using the widely available Mosaic system. The server provides a variety of information ranging from the provision of teaching modules, on- line documentation, timetables for departmental activities to more light hearted hobby interests. One important and novel development to the server has been the development of courseware facilities. This ranges from the provision of on-line lecture notes, exercises and their solutions to more interactive teaching packages. A variety of disciplines have benefitted notably Computer Vision, and Image Processing but also C programming, X Windows, Computer Graphics and Parallel Computing. This paper will address the issues of the implementation of the Computer Vision and Image Processing packages, the advantages gained from using a hypertext based system and also will relate practical experiences of using the packages in a class environment. The paper addresses issues of how best to provide information in such a hypertext based system and how interactive image processing packages can be developed and integrated into courseware. The suite of tools developed facilitates a flexible and powerful courseware package that has proved popular in the classroom and over the Internet. The paper will also detail many future developments we see possible. One of the key points raised in the paper is that Mosaic's hypertext language (html) is extremely powerful and yet relatively straightforward to use. It is also possible to link in Unix calls so that programs and shells can be executed. This provides a powerful suite of utilities that can be exploited to develop many packages.

Comprehension and Navigation of Networked Hypertexts

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Blom, Helen; Segers, Eliane; Knoors, Harry; Hermans, Daan; Verhoeven, Ludo

2018-01-01

This study aims to investigate secondary school students' reading comprehension and navigation of networked hypertexts with and without a graphic overview compared to linear digital texts. Additionally, it was studied whether prior knowledge, vocabulary, verbal, and visual working memory moderated the relation between text design and…

A Bibliography on Hypertext and Hypermedia with Selected Annotations.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Franklin, Carl

1990-01-01

The first of 2 parts, this bibliography contains 233 references to materials dealing with hypertext and hypermedia. Entries are presented in the following categories: alternatives to HyperCard; bibliographies; biographies; books and book reviews; dictionaries; hardware; interviews; library applications; optical disk-related; theoretical and…

The Impact of Hypermedia Instructional Materials on Study Self-Regulation in College Students.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Nelms, Keith R.

The metacognition "calibration of comprehension" research paradigm is used to investigate the question of whether the introduction of hypertext and hypermedia into college instruction impacts students' ability to regulate their own learning processes. Presentation technology (paper or computer) and content structure (linear or nonlinear) were…

Knowledge Acquisition by Hypervideo Design: An Instructional Program for University Courses

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Stahl, Elmar; Finke, Matthias; Zahn, Carmen

2006-01-01

This article presents an instructional program for collaborative construction of hypervideos. The instructional program integrates (a) hypervideo technology development, (b) assumptions on learning with hypervideo systems, and (c) the application of research on knowledge acquisition by writing texts or hypertexts to hypervideos. The aim of the…

Rehabilitation R@D Progress Reports, 1992-1993. Volume 30-31

DTIC Science & Technology

1993-01-01

Transcripts of the videotape are being ana- lyzed on a hypertext database and also by qualitative data analysis software ( NUDIST ) to determine elements...number of videotapes have been transcribed and are being analyzed by the hypertext and NUDIST software. The first cycle is in progress, reflecting

Designing Multimedia for the Hypertext Markup Language.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Schwier, Richard A.; Misanchuk, Earl R.

Dynamic discussions have begun to emerge concerning style of presentation on world wide web sites. Some hypertext markup language (HTML) designers seek an intimate and chatty ambience, while others want to project a more professional image. Evaluators see many sites as overdecorated and indecipherable. This paper offers suggestions on selecting…

The Liberating Teaching Methods of the Brazilian Paulo Freire and Hypertext.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gomez-Martinez, Jose Luis

2003-01-01

Exemplifies, through the pedagogical theories put forth by Paulo Freire in his book "Pedagogia del oprimado" (teaching the oppressed) and along with the potentials of hypertext, the intimate relationship between socio-cultural forces and the technical responses emerging from the dialectic process between them. (AS)

Down the Yellow Chip Road: Hypertext Portfolios in Oz.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Fischer, Katherine M.

1996-01-01

Describes a creative writing class in which students used hypertext to develop their writing portfolios. Suggests that, much like "Kansas Dorothy" who ventured into Oz, a "tornado" carried these students and their teacher from the safe Paperland to the yellow chip road of electronic portfolios. Notes that students' portfolios…

Elaborated Resources: An Instructional Design Strategy for Hypermedia.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Rezabek, Randall H.; Ragan, Tillman J.

The concept of hypertext was introduced by Ted Nelson in 1965, but only recently has the widely available technology caught up with the idea. The new generation of microcomputers featuring large internal memories, graphic interfaces, and large data storage capacities have made the commercial development of hypertext/hypermedia software possible. A…

Effects of External Learning Aids on Learning with Ill-Structured Hypertext.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Astleitner, Hermann

1997-01-01

Describes three experiments with high school and college students concerning learning with ill-structured hypertext; in each study, one different kind of external learning aid (memo pads, learning time, and teaching objectives) was manipulated and examined for its effect on intentional and incidental knowledge acquisition. Findings are discussed…

The World-Wide Web and Mosaic: An Overview for Librarians.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Morgan, Eric Lease

1994-01-01

Provides an overview of the Internet's World-Wide Web (Web), a hypertext system. Highlights include the client/server model; Uniform Resource Locator; examples of software; Web servers versus Gopher servers; HyperText Markup Language (HTML); converting files; Common Gateway Interface; organizing Web information; and the role of librarians in…

Seamless Merging of Hypertext and Algorithm Animation

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Karavirta, Ville

2009-01-01

Online learning material that students use by themselves is one of the typical usages of algorithm animation (AA). Thus, the integration of algorithm animations into hypertext is seen as an important topic today to promote the usage of algorithm animation in teaching. This article presents an algorithm animation viewer implemented purely using…

Landmarks in the World Wide Web: A Preliminary Study.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Heffron, Jennifer K.; Dillon, Andrew; Mostafa, Javed

1996-01-01

Outlines results of a pilot study examining what constitutes a landmark in hypertext. Seven subjects began a search task from the same Indiana University School of Library and Information Science Homepage; searches had to be conducted without the use of search engines, and strictly following hypertext links. (Author/AEF)

Online Metacognitive Strategies, Hypermedia Annotations, and Motivation on Hypertext Comprehension

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Shang, Hui-Fang

2016-01-01

This study examined the effect of online metacognitive strategies, hypermedia annotations, and motivation on reading comprehension in a Taiwanese hypertext environment. A path analysis model was proposed based on the assumption that if English as a foreign language learners frequently use online metacognitive strategies and hypermedia annotations,…

WorldWide Web: Hypertext from CERN.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Nickerson, Gord

1992-01-01

Discussion of software tools for accessing information on the Internet focuses on the WorldWideWeb (WWW) system, which was developed at the European Particle Physics Laboratory (CERN) in Switzerland to build a worldwide network of hypertext links using available networking technology. Its potential for use with multimedia documents is also…

Guide to the Internet. The world wide web.

PubMed Central

Pallen, M.

1995-01-01

The world wide web provides a uniform, user friendly interface to the Internet. Web pages can contain text and pictures and are interconnected by hypertext links. The addresses of web pages are recorded as uniform resource locators (URLs), transmitted by hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP), and written in hypertext markup language (HTML). Programs that allow you to use the web are available for most operating systems. Powerful on line search engines make it relatively easy to find information on the web. Browsing through the web--"net surfing"--is both easy and enjoyable. Contributing to the web is not difficult, and the web opens up new possibilities for electronic publishing and electronic journals. Images p1554-a Fig 5 PMID:8520402

Rethinking Joseph Janangelo's "Joseph Cornell and the Artistry of Composing Persuasive Hypertexts"

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

College Composition and Communication, 2007

2007-01-01

This article presents several excerpts from an article written by Joseph Janangelo titled "Joseph Cornell and the Artistry of Composing Persuasive Hypertexts." In his article, Janangelo suggested that Cornell's work and ideas about composing model intelligent ways to composing persuasive nonsequential text. Janangelo also wondered if the use of…

Extended Subject Access to Hypertext Online Documentation. Part III: The Document-Boundaries Problem.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Girill, T. R.

1991-01-01

This article continues the description of DFT (Document, Find, Theseus), an online documentation system that provides computer-managed on-demand printing of software manuals as well as the interactive retrieval of reference passages. Document boundaries in the hypertext database are discussed, search vocabulary complexities are described, and text…

Working Memory Capacity and Reading Skill Moderate the Effectiveness of Strategy Training in Learning from Hypertext

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Naumann, Johannes; Richter, Tobias; Christmann, Ursula; Groeben, Norbert

2008-01-01

Cognitive and metacognitive strategies are particularly important for learning with hypertext. The effectiveness of strategy training, however, depends on available working memory resources. Thus, especially learners high on working memory capacity can profit from strategy training, while learners low on working memory capacity might easily be…

Working Memory Capacity and L2 University Students' Comprehension of Linear Texts and Hypertexts

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Fontanini, Ingrid; Tomitch, Leda Maria Braga

2009-01-01

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between working memory capacity and L2 reading comprehension of both linear texts and hypertexts. Three different instruments were used to measure comprehension (recall, comprehension questions and perception of contradictions) and the Reading Span Test (Daneman & Carpenter, 1980) was…

Navigation Maps in a Computer-Networked Hypertext Learning System.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Chou, Chien; Lin, Hua

A study of first-year college students (n=121) in Taiwan investigated the effects of navigation maps and learner cognitive styles on performance in searches for information, estimation of course scope, and the development of cognitive maps within a hypertext learning course. Students were tested to determine level of perceptual field dependence…

Recent Literature Shows Accelerated Growth in Hypermedia Tools: An Annotated Bibliography.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gabbard, Ralph

1994-01-01

Presents an annotated bibliography of materials on hypertext/hypermedia. Information available on the World Wide Web is described; journals that cover hypermedia are listed; and the main bibliography is divided into 3 sections on general hypertext applications (17 titles), DOS/Windows applications (17 titles), and HyperCard applications (18…

Confronting the Technological Pedagogical Knowledge of Finnish Net Generation Student Teachers

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Valtonen, Teemu; Pontinen, Susanna; Kukkonen, Jari; Dillon, Patrick; Vaisanen, Pertti; Hacklin, Stina

2011-01-01

The research reported here is concerned with a critical examination of some of the assumptions concerning the "Net Generation" capabilities of 74 first-year student teachers in a Finnish university. There are assumptions that: (i) Net Generation students are adept at learning through discovery and thinking in a hypertext-like manner…

SEPEC conference proceedings: Hypermedia and Information Reconstruction. Aerospace applications and research directions. Addendum

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1990-01-01

The papers presented at the conference on hypermedia and information reconstruction are compiled. The following subject areas are covered: hypertext, typographic man, and the notion of literacy; a knowledge base browser using hypermedia; Ai GERM - a logic programming front end for GERM; and HEAVENS system for software artifacts.

The Effects of Hypertext Gloss on Comprehension and Vocabulary Retention under Incidental and Intentional Learning Conditions

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Zandieh, Zeinab; Jafarigohar, Manoochehr

2012-01-01

The present study investigated comprehension, immediate and delayed vocabulary retention under incidental and intentional learning conditions via computer mediated hypertext gloss. One hundred and eighty four (N = 184) intermediate students of English as a foreign language at an English school participated in the study. They were randomly assigned…

17 CFR 232.105 - Limitation on use of HTML documents and hypertext links.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Limitation on use of HTML... Requirements § 232.105 Limitation on use of HTML documents and hypertext links. (a) Electronic filers must... EDGAR database on the Commission's public web site (www.sec.gov). Electronic filers also may include...

Reconceptualising Pedagogy: Students' Hypertext Stories with Pictures and Words.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Russell, Glenn

Hypertext software permits students to write non-linear stories which include pictures and words. The characteristics of these stories may be affected by student and teacher understandings of how pictures and words may be combined to produce meanings for the reader. The use of images and words in comic books and children's picture-books contribute…

The Influence of Self-Regulated Learning and Prior Knowledge on Knowledge Acquisition in Computer-Based Learning Environments

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bernacki, Matthew

2010-01-01

This study examined how learners construct textbase and situation model knowledge in hypertext computer-based learning environments (CBLEs) and documented the influence of specific self-regulated learning (SRL) tactics, prior knowledge, and characteristics of the learner on posttest knowledge scores from exposure to a hypertext. A sample of 160…

User Evaluation of Automatically Generated Semantic Hypertext Links in a Heavily Used Procedural Manual.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Tebbutt, John

1999-01-01

Discusses efforts at National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) to construct an information discovery tool through the fusion of hypertext and information retrieval that works by parsing a contiguous document base into smaller documents and inserting semantic links between them. Also presents a case study that evaluated user reactions.…

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

North, Michael J.

SchemaOnRead provides tools for implementing schema-on-read including a single function call (e.g., schemaOnRead("filename")) that reads text (TXT), comma separated value (CSV), raster image (BMP, PNG, GIF, TIFF, and JPG), R data (RDS), HDF5, NetCDF, spreadsheet (XLS, XLSX, ODS, and DIF), Weka Attribute-Relation File Format (ARFF), Epi Info (REC), Pajek network (PAJ), R network (NET), Hypertext Markup Language (HTML), SPSS (SAV), Systat (SYS), and Stata (DTA) files. It also recursively reads folders (e.g., schemaOnRead("folder")), returning a nested list of the contained elements.

Using hyperdocuments for knowledge management: an encyclopedia of southern appalachian forest ecosystems

Treesearch

Deborah K. Kennard; H. Michael Rauscher; Daniel L. Schmoldt; Patricia A. Flebbe; J.B. Jordin; W.G. Hubbard; M.C. Covington; N. Rushton

2001-01-01

Land managers increasingly need improved access to research knowledge that is thoroughly organized, condensed, and presented in a form that is useful for problem solving. In this paper, we describe the application of hyperdocuments for knowledge management, using an example of a newly developed hypertext encyclopedia on the southern Appalachians. The Encyclopedia of...

Learning System of Web Navigation Patterns through Hypertext Probabilistic Grammars

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Cortes Vasquez, Augusto

2015-01-01

One issue of real interest in the area of web data mining is to capture users' activities during connection and extract behavior patterns that help define their preferences in order to improve the design of future pages adapting websites interfaces to individual users. This research is intended to provide, first of all, a presentation of the…

Effects of Link Annotations on Search Performance in Layered and Unlayered Hierarchically Organized Information Spaces.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Fraser, Landon; Locatis, Craig

2001-01-01

Investigated the effects of link annotations on high school user search performance in Web hypertext environments having deep (layered) and shallow link structures. Results confirmed previous research that shallow link structures are better than deep (layered) link structures, and also showed that annotations had virtually no effect on search…

On the Creation of Hypertext Links in Full-Text Documents: Measurement of Inter-Linker Consistency.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ellis, David; And Others

1994-01-01

Describes a study in which several different sets of hypertext links are inserted by different people in full-text documents. The degree of similarity between the sets is measured using coefficients and topological indices. As in comparable studies of inter-indexer consistency, the sets of links used by different people showed little similarity.…

17 CFR 232.105 - Limitation on use of HTML documents and hypertext links.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... submit the following documents in ASCII: Form N-SAR (§ 274.101 of this chapter) and Form 13F (§ 249.325... exhibits to Form N-SAR in HTML. (b) Electronic filers may not include in any HTML document hypertext links... documents within the current submission and to documents previously filed electronically and located in the...

17 CFR 232.105 - Limitation on use of HTML documents and hypertext links.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... submit the following documents in ASCII: Form N-SAR (§ 274.101 of this chapter) and Form 13F (§ 249.325... exhibits to Form N-SAR in HTML. (b) Electronic filers may not include in any HTML document hypertext links... documents within the current submission and to documents previously filed electronically and located in the...

17 CFR 232.105 - Limitation on use of HTML documents and hypertext links.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... submit the following documents in ASCII: Form N-SAR (§ 274.101 of this chapter) and Form 13F (§ 249.325... exhibits to Form N-SAR in HTML. (b) Electronic filers may not include in any HTML document hypertext links... documents within the current submission and to documents previously filed electronically and located in the...

17 CFR 232.105 - Limitation on use of HTML documents and hypertext links.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... submit the following documents in ASCII: Form N-SAR (§ 274.101 of this chapter) and Form 13F (§ 249.325... exhibits to Form N-SAR in HTML. (b) Electronic filers may not include in any HTML document hypertext links... documents within the current submission and to documents previously filed electronically and located in the...

Annotation an effective device for student feedback: a critical review of the literature.

PubMed

Ball, Elaine C

2010-05-01

The paper examines hand-written annotation, its many features, difficulties and strengths as a feedback tool. It extends and clarifies what modest evidence is in the public domain and offers an evaluation of how to use annotation effectively in the support of student feedback [Marshall, C.M., 1998a. The Future of Annotation in a Digital (paper) World. Presented at the 35th Annual GLSLIS Clinic: Successes and Failures of Digital Libraries, June 20-24, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, March 24, pp. 1-20; Marshall, C.M., 1998b. Toward an ecology of hypertext annotation. Hypertext. In: Proceedings of the Ninth ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia, June 20-24, Pittsburgh Pennsylvania, US, pp. 40-49; Wolfe, J.L., Nuewirth, C.M., 2001. From the margins to the centre: the future of annotation. Journal of Business and Technical Communication, 15(3), 333-371; Diyanni, R., 2002. One Hundred Great Essays. Addison-Wesley, New York; Wolfe, J.L., 2002. Marginal pedagogy: how annotated texts affect writing-from-source texts. Written Communication, 19(2), 297-333; Liu, K., 2006. Annotation as an index to critical writing. Urban Education, 41, 192-207; Feito, A., Donahue, P., 2008. Minding the gap annotation as preparation for discussion. Arts and Humanities in Higher Education, 7(3), 295-307; Ball, E., 2009. A participatory action research study on handwritten annotation feedback and its impact on staff and students. Systemic Practice and Action Research, 22(2), 111-124; Ball, E., Franks, H., McGrath, M., Leigh, J., 2009. Annotation is a valuable tool to enhance learning and assessment in student essays. Nurse Education Today, 29(3), 284-291]. Although a significant number of studies examine annotation, this is largely related to on-line tools and computer mediated communication and not hand-written annotation as comment, phrase or sign written on the student essay to provide critique. Little systematic research has been conducted to consider how this latter form of annotation influences student learning and assessment or, indeed, helps tutors to employ better annotative practices [Juwah, C., Macfarlane-Dick, D., Matthew, B., Nicol, D., Ross, D., Smith, B., 2004. Enhancing student learning through effective formative feedback. The Higher Education Academy, 1-40; Jewitt, C., Kress, G., 2005. English in classrooms: only write down what you need to know: annotation for what? English in Education, 39(1), 5-18]. There is little evidence on ways to heighten students' self-awareness when their essays are returned with annotated feedback [Storch, N., Tapper, J., 1997. Student annotations: what NNS and NS university students say about their own writing. Journal of Second Language Writing, 6(3), 245-265]. The literature review clarifies forms of annotation as feedback practice and offers a summary of the challenges and usefulness of annotation. Copyright 2009. Published by Elsevier Ltd.

Computer integrated documentation

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Boy, Guy

1991-01-01

The main technical issues of the Computer Integrated Documentation (CID) project are presented. The problem of automation of documents management and maintenance is analyzed both from an artificial intelligence viewpoint and from a human factors viewpoint. Possible technologies for CID are reviewed: conventional approaches to indexing and information retrieval; hypertext; and knowledge based systems. A particular effort was made to provide an appropriate representation for contextual knowledge. This representation is used to generate context on hypertext links. Thus, indexing in CID is context sensitive. The implementation of the current version of CID is described. It includes a hypertext data base, a knowledge based management and maintenance system, and a user interface. A series is also presented of theoretical considerations as navigation in hyperspace, acquisition of indexing knowledge, generation and maintenance of a large documentation, and relation to other work.

Hypertext and Multimedia for Functional Enhancement of USARIEM Medical Handbooks and Biomedical Simulation Software.

DTIC Science & Technology

1994-12-01

complex Internet addresses. Hypertext and hypermedia documents have logical and physical structure (Shneiderman, 1993). The logical structure delineates...Rubra, Miliaria Profunda , Anhidrotic Heat Exhaustion, Heat Syncope, Heat Edema, Sunburn, and Heat Tetany. The user may return to the main document...military or scientific organizations via digital communications networks such as the Internet . Access clearance would first be obtained from the USARIEM

An Investigation into the Use of Computer-Assisted Instruction to Present Basic English Grammar Concepts

DTIC Science & Technology

1991-09-01

involved in choosing hardware and so-ftware for CAI "are.the lesson objectives and the future needs of the instructor and student" (18:6-2). And...did not cover the graiTmatical errors nighlighted by the survey of subject-matter ’experts. Future research should include an expansion of, or...display any hypertext document. This tutorial covered basic English grammar concepts. Future research should address the possibilities of developing

The Role of Learning Tasks on Attitude Change Using Cognitive Flexibility Hypertext Systems

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Godshalk, Veronica M.; Harvey, Douglas M.; Moller, Leslie

2004-01-01

In this study, the authors examined the impact of task assignment on the effectiveness of a Web-based experiential exercise based on cognitive flexibility theory to enlighten learner attitudes toward the ill-structured topic of sexual harassment. In the research study, we sought to shed light on the use of a cognitive flexibility approach when…

Comparing Hypertext Reading in L1 and L2: The Case of Filipino Adults

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gruspe, Michael Angelo M.; Marinas, Christian Joshua L.; Villasin, Marren Nicole F.; Villanueva, Ariel Josephe Therese R.; Vizconde, Camilla J.

2015-01-01

This research probed into the reading experiences of adult readers in their first language (L1) and second language (L2). Qualitative in nature, the investigation focused on twelve (12) adult readers , six (6) males and six (6) females, whose first language is Filipino. Data were gathered through interviews and focus-group discussions. Based on…

[Use of hypertext as information and training tools in the prevention of occupational risk].

PubMed

Franco, G

1998-01-01

Modern medical education is based on a variety of teaching techniques, by means of which individuals learn most effectively. The availability of the new technologies together with the diffusion of personal computers is favouring the spreading of the use of hypertexts through the World Wide Web. This contribution describes 2 hypertexts ("Human Activities and Health Risk"; "Occupation, Risk and Disease. A Problem-Oriented Hypertext-Tool to Learn Occupational Medicine") and the prototype "Virtual Hospital". Assuming that prevention of health risks is based upon their knowledge, they have been created with the aim of providing users with problem-oriented tools, whose retorical aspects (content, information organization, user interface) are analysed. The "Human Activities and Health Risk" deals with the description of working activities and allows user to recognize health risks. The "Occupation, Risk and Disease. A Problem-Oriented Hypertext-Tool to Learn Occupational Medicine" embodies a case report containing the clustered information about the patient and the library including educational material (risk factors, symptoms and signs, organ system diseases, jobs, occupational risk factors, environment related diseases. The "Virtual Hospital" has been conceived assuming that an appropriate information can change workers' behaviour in hospital, where health risks can be often underevaluated. It consists of a variety of structured and unstructured information, which can be browsed by users, allowing the discovery of links and providing the awareness of the semantic relationship between related information elements (including environment, instruments, drugs, job analysis, situations at risk for health, preventive means). The "Virtual Hospital" aims making the understanding of the working situations at risk easier and more interesting, stimulating the awareness of the relationship between jobs and risks.

Facilitating access to information in large documents with an intelligent hypertext system

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Mathe, Nathalie

1993-01-01

Retrieving specific information from large amounts of documentation is not an easy task. It could be facilitated if information relevant in the current problem solving context could be automatically supplied to the user. As a first step towards this goal, we have developed an intelligent hypertext system called CID (Computer Integrated Documentation) and tested it on the Space Station Freedom requirement documents. The CID system enables integration of various technical documents in a hypertext framework and includes an intelligent context-sensitive indexing and retrieval mechanism. This mechanism utilizes on-line user information requirements and relevance feedback either to reinforce current indexing in case of success or to generate new knowledge in case of failure. This allows the CID system to provide helpful responses, based on previous usage of the documentation, and to improve its performance over time.

Automating testbed documentation and database access using World Wide Web (WWW) tools

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Ames, Charles; Auernheimer, Brent; Lee, Young H.

1994-01-01

A method for providing uniform transparent access to disparate distributed information systems was demonstrated. A prototype testing interface was developed to access documentation and information using publicly available hypermedia tools. The prototype gives testers a uniform, platform-independent user interface to on-line documentation, user manuals, and mission-specific test and operations data. Mosaic was the common user interface, and HTML (Hypertext Markup Language) provided hypertext capability.

Web-Based, Pictograph-Formatted Discharge Instructions for Low-Literacy Older Adults After Hip Replacement Surgery: Findings of End-User Evaluation of the Website.

PubMed

Choi, Jeungok; Jacelon, Cynthia S; Kalmakis, Karen A

The purpose of this study was to develop web-based, pictograph-formatted discharge instructions and evaluate the website with intended users to maximize the relevance and clarity of the website. A descriptive study. Low-literacy text and 45 sets of pictographs were implemented in web-based instructions. The content, design, function, and navigation of the website were reviewed by 15 low-literate older adults following hip replacement surgery. Participants observed that the simple line drawings with clear background were well suited to web pages and helped to convey the points made. They also suggested changes such as adding an additional alphabetical index menu to enhance easy navigation and removing hypertext links to avoid distraction. Web-based, pictograph-formatted discharge instructions were well received by low-literate older adults, who perceived the website easy to use and understand. A pictograph-formatted approach may provide effective strategies to promote understanding of lengthy, complex action-based discharge instructions in rehabilitation facilities.

A Java viewer to publish Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM) radiologic images on the World Wide Web.

PubMed

Setti, E; Musumeci, R

2001-06-01

The world wide web is an exciting service that allows one to publish electronic documents made of text and images on the internet. Client software called a web browser can access these documents, and display and print them. The most popular browsers are currently Microsoft Internet Explorer (Microsoft, Redmond, WA) and Netscape Communicator (Netscape Communications, Mountain View, CA). These browsers can display text in hypertext markup language (HTML) format and images in Joint Photographic Expert Group (JPEG) and Graphic Interchange Format (GIF). Currently, neither browser can display radiologic images in native Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM) format. With the aim to publish radiologic images on the internet, we wrote a dedicated Java applet. Our software can display radiologic and histologic images in DICOM, JPEG, and GIF formats, and provides a a number of functions like windowing and magnification lens. The applet is compatible with some web browsers, even the older versions. The software is free and available from the author.

Vocabulary Glossing: A Meta-Analysis of the Relative Effectiveness of Different Gloss Types on L2 Vocabulary Acquisition

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Vahedi, Vahideh Sadat; Ghonsooly, Behzad; Pishghadam, Reza

2016-01-01

In recent years there has been a growing interest to incorporate hypertext glosses into L2 reading materials and accordingly, it has provoked researchers to uncover to what extent and under which moderator variables a specific type of gloss yields more effective outcomes than other types of glossing. The present meta-analysis attempts to examine…

Documenting AUTOGEN and APGEN Model Files

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Gladden, Roy E.; Khanampompan, Teerapat; Fisher, Forest W.; DelGuericio, Chris c.

2008-01-01

A computer program called "autogen hypertext map generator" satisfies a need for documenting and assisting in visualization of, and navigation through, model files used in the AUTOGEN and APGEN software mentioned in the two immediately preceding articles. This program parses autogen script files, autogen model files, PERL scripts, and apgen activity-definition files and produces a hypertext map of the files to aid in the navigation of the model. This program also provides a facility for adding notes and descriptions, beyond what is in the source model represented by the hypertext map. Further, this program provides access to a summary of the model through variable, function, sub routine, activity and resource declarations as well as providing full access to the source model and source code. The use of the tool enables easy access to the declarations and the ability to traverse routines and calls while analyzing the model.

Incidental memory and navigation in panoramic virtual reality for electronic commerce.

PubMed

Howes, A; Miles, G E; Payne, S J; Mitchell, C D; Davies, A J

2001-01-01

Recently much effort has been dedicated to designing and implementing World Wide Web sites for virtual shopping and e-commerce. Despite this effort, relatively little empirical work has been done to determine the effectiveness with which different site designs sell products. We report three experiments in which participants were asked to search for products in various experimental e-commerce sites. Across the experiments participants were asked to search in either QTVR (QuickTime Virtual Reality), hypertext, or pictorially rich hypertext environments; they were then tested for their ability to recall the products seen and to recognize product locations. The experiments demonstrated that when using QTVR (Experiments 1, 2, and 3) or pictorial environments (Experiment 2), participants retained more information about products that were incidental to their goals. In two of the experiments it was shown that participants navigated more efficiently when using a QTVR environment. The costs and benefits of using 3D virtual environments for on-line shops are discussed. Actual or potential applications of this research include support for the development of e-commerce design guidelines.

Activities report of PTT Research

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

In the field of postal infrastructure research, activities were performed on postcode readers, radiolabels, and techniques of operations research and artificial intelligence. In the field of telecommunication, transportation, and information, research was made on multipurpose coding schemes, speech recognition, hypertext, a multimedia information server, security of electronic data interchange, document retrieval, improvement of the quality of user interfaces, domotics living support (techniques), and standardization of telecommunication prototcols. In the field of telecommunication infrastructure and provisions research, activities were performed on universal personal telecommunications, advanced broadband network technologies, coherent techniques, measurement of audio quality, near field facilities, local beam communication, local area networks, network security, coupling of broadband and narrowband integrated services digital networks, digital mapping, and standardization of protocols.

Hypertext and hypermedia systems in information retrieval

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Kaye, K. M.; Kuhn, A. D.

1992-01-01

This paper opens with a brief history of hypertext and hypermedia in the context of information management during the 'information age.' Relevant terms are defined and the approach of the paper is explained. Linear and hypermedia information access methods are contrasted. A discussion of hyperprogramming in the handling of complex scientific and technical information follows. A selection of innovative hypermedia systems is discussed. An analysis of the Clinical Practice Library of Medicine NASA STI Program hypermedia application is presented. The paper concludes with a discussion of the NASA STI Program's future hypermedia project plans.

A hypertext system that learns from user feedback

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Mathe, Nathalie

1994-01-01

Retrieving specific information from large amounts of documentation is not an easy task. It could be facilitated if information relevant in the current problem solving context could be automatically supplied to the user. As a first step towards this goal, we have developed an intelligent hypertext system called CID (Computer Integrated Documentation). Besides providing an hypertext interface for browsing large documents, the CID system automatically acquires and reuses the context in which previous searches were appropriate. This mechanism utilizes on-line user information requirements and relevance feedback either to reinforce current indexing in case of success or to generate new knowledge in case of failure. Thus, the user continually augments and refines the intelligence of the retrieval system. This allows the CID system to provide helpful responses, based on previous usage of the documentation, and to improve its performance over time. We successfully tested the CID system with users of the Space Station Freedom requirements documents. We are currently extending CID to other application domains (Space Shuttle operations documents, airplane maintenance manuals, and on-line training). We are also exploring the potential commercialization of this technique.

A general UNIX interface for biocomputing and network information retrieval software.

PubMed

Kiong, B K; Tan, T W

1993-10-01

We describe a UNIX program, HYBROW, which can integrate without modification a wide range of UNIX biocomputing and network information retrieval software. HYBROW works in conjunction with a separate set of ASCII files containing embedded hypertext-like links. The program operates like a hypertext browser featuring five basic links: file link, execute-only link, execute-display link, directory-browse link and field-filling link. Useful features of the interface may be developed using combinations of these links with simple shell scripts and examples of these are briefly described. The system manager who supports biocomputing users should find the program easy to maintain, and useful in assisting new and infrequent users; it is also simple to incorporate new programs. Moreover, the individual user can customize the interface, create dynamic menus, hypertext a document, invoke shell scripts and new programs simply with a basic understanding of the UNIX operating system and any text editor. This program was written in C language and uses the UNIX curses and termcap libraries. It is freely available as a tar compressed file (by anonymous FTP from nuscc.nus.sg).

Public accessibility of biomedical articles from PubMed Central reduces journal readership--retrospective cohort analysis.

PubMed

Davis, Philip M

2013-07-01

Does PubMed Central--a government-run digital archive of biomedical articles--compete with scientific society journals? A longitudinal, retrospective cohort analysis of 13,223 articles (5999 treatment, 7224 control) published in 14 society-run biomedical research journals in nutrition, experimental biology, physiology, and radiology between February 2008 and January 2011 reveals a 21.4% reduction in full-text hypertext markup language (HTML) article downloads and a 13.8% reduction in portable document format (PDF) article downloads from the journals' websites when U.S. National Institutes of Health-sponsored articles (treatment) become freely available from the PubMed Central repository. In addition, the effect of PubMed Central on reducing PDF article downloads is increasing over time, growing at a rate of 1.6% per year. There was no longitudinal effect for full-text HTML downloads. While PubMed Central may be providing complementary access to readers traditionally underserved by scientific journals, the loss of article readership from the journal website may weaken the ability of the journal to build communities of interest around research papers, impede the communication of news and events to scientific society members and journal readers, and reduce the perceived value of the journal to institutional subscribers.

Wilberforce Power Technology in Education Program

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Gordon, Edward M.; Buffinger, D. R.; Hehemann, D. G.; Breen, M. L.; Raffaelle, R. P.

1999-01-01

The Wilberforce Power Technology in Education Program is a multipart program. Three key parts of this program will be described. They are: (1) WISE-The Wilberforce Summer Intensive Experience. This annual offering is an educational program which is designed to provide both background reinforcement and a focus on study skills to give the participants a boost in their academic performance throughout their academic careers. It is offered to entering Wilberforce students. Those students who take advantage of WISE learn to improve important skills which enable them to work at higher levels in mathematics, science and engineering courses throughout their college careers, but most notably in the first year of college study. (2) Apply technology to reaming. This is being done in several ways including creating an electronic chemistry text with hypertext links to a glossary to help the students deal with the large new vocabulary required to describe and understand chemistry. It is also being done by converting lecture materials for the Biochemistry class to PowerPoint format. Technology is also being applied to learning by exploring simulation software of scientific instrumentation. (3) Wilberforce participation in collaborative research with NASA's John H. Glenn Research Center at Lewis Field. This research has focused on two areas in the past year. The first of these is the deposition of solar cell materials. A second area involves the development of polymeric materials for incorporation into thin film batteries.

USAF Summer Research Program - 1995 High School Apprenticeship Program Final Reports, Volume 12A, Armstrong Laboratory

DTIC Science & Technology

1995-12-01

square cms and ground up for ten minutes using a mortar and pestle . Ten ml of sterile water was 1-3 added, and the roots was ground up for an additional...preparation as well as others in the Human Resources Directorate was positive. HyperText Technical Reports and Papers are available any night or holiday ... Analysis ." Psychological Bulletin 1994: 429-456. Feingold, Alan. "Sex Differences in Variability in Intellectual Abilities: A New Look at an Old

Navigation in large information spaces represented as hypertext: A review of the literature

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Brown, Marcus

1990-01-01

The problem addressed is the failure of information-space navigation tools when the space grows to large. The basic goal is to provide the power of the hypertext interface in such a way as to be most easily comprehensible to the user. It was determined that the optimal structure for information is an overlapping, simplified hierarchy. The hierarchical structure should be made obvious to the user, and many of the non-hierarchical links in the information space should either by eliminated, or should be de-emphasized so that the novice user is not confused by them. Only one of the hierarchies should be very simple.

Test Generator for MATLAB Simulations

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Henry, Joel

2011-01-01

MATLAB Automated Test Tool, version 3.0 (MATT 3.0) is a software package that provides automated tools that reduce the time needed for extensive testing of simulation models that have been constructed in the MATLAB programming language by use of the Simulink and Real-Time Workshop programs. MATT 3.0 runs on top of the MATLAB engine application-program interface to communicate with the Simulink engine. MATT 3.0 automatically generates source code from the models, generates custom input data for testing both the models and the source code, and generates graphs and other presentations that facilitate comparison of the outputs of the models and the source code for the same input data. Context-sensitive and fully searchable help is provided in HyperText Markup Language (HTML) format.

TOPS On-Line: Automating the Construction and Maintenance of HTML Pages

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Jones, Kennie H.

1994-01-01

After the Technology Opportunities Showcase (TOPS), in October, 1993, Langley Research Center's (LaRC) Information Systems Division (ISD) accepted the challenge to preserve the investment in information assembled in the TOPS exhibits by establishing a data base. Following the lead of several people at LaRC and others around the world, the HyperText Transport Protocol (HTTP) server and Mosaic were the obvious tools of choice for implementation. Initially, some TOPS exhibitors began the conventional approach of constructing HyperText Markup Language (HTML) pages of their exhibits as input to Mosaic. Considering the number of pages to construct, a better approach was conceived that would automate the construction of pages. This approach allowed completion of the data base construction in a shorter period of time using fewer resources than would have been possible with the conventional approach. It also provided flexibility for the maintenance and enhancement of the data base. Since that time, this approach has been used to automate construction of other HTML data bases. Through these experiences, it is concluded that the most effective use of the HTTP/Mosaic technology will require better tools and techniques for creating, maintaining and managing the HTML pages. The development and use of these tools and techniques are the subject of this document.

Adding Hierarchical Objects to Relational Database General-Purpose XML-Based Information Managements

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Lin, Shu-Chun; Knight, Chris; La, Tracy; Maluf, David; Bell, David; Tran, Khai Peter; Gawdiak, Yuri

2006-01-01

NETMARK is a flexible, high-throughput software system for managing, storing, and rapid searching of unstructured and semi-structured documents. NETMARK transforms such documents from their original highly complex, constantly changing, heterogeneous data formats into well-structured, common data formats in using Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) and/or Extensible Markup Language (XML). The software implements an object-relational database system that combines the best practices of the relational model utilizing Structured Query Language (SQL) with those of the object-oriented, semantic database model for creating complex data. In particular, NETMARK takes advantage of the Oracle 8i object-relational database model using physical-address data types for very efficient keyword searches of records across both context and content. NETMARK also supports multiple international standards such as WEBDAV for drag-and-drop file management and SOAP for integrated information management using Web services. The document-organization and -searching capabilities afforded by NETMARK are likely to make this software attractive for use in disciplines as diverse as science, auditing, and law enforcement.

The establishment and use of the point source catalog database of the 2MASS near infrared survey

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gao, Y. F.; Shan, H. G.; Cheng, D.

2003-02-01

The 2MASS near infrared survey project is introduced briefly. The 2MASS point sources catalog (2MASS PSC) database and the network query system are established by using the PHP Hypertext Preprocessor and MySQL database server. By using the system, one can not only query information of sources listed in the catalog, but also draw the plots related. Moreover, after the 2MASS data are diagnosed , some research fields which can be benefited from this database are suggested.

Hypermedia and intelligent tutoring applications in a mission operations environment

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Ames, Troy; Baker, Clifford

1990-01-01

Hypermedia, hypertext and Intelligent Tutoring System (ITS) applications to support all phases of mission operations are investigated. The application of hypermedia and ITS technology to improve system performance and safety in supervisory control is described - with an emphasis on modeling operator's intentions in the form of goals, plans, tasks, and actions. Review of hypermedia and ITS technology is presented as may be applied to the tutoring of command and control languages. Hypertext based ITS is developed to train flight operation teams and System Test and Operation Language (STOL). Specific hypermedia and ITS application areas are highlighted, including: computer aided instruction of flight operation teams (STOL ITS) and control center software development tools (CHIMES and STOL Certification Tool).

The contributions of digital technologies in the teaching of nursing skills: an integrative review.

PubMed

Silveira, Maurício de Souza; Cogo, Ana Luísa Petersen

2017-07-13

To analyze the contributions of digital educational technologies used in teaching nursing skills. Integrative literature review, search in five databases, from 2006 to 2015 combining the descriptors 'education, nursing', 'educational technology', 'computer-assisted instruction' or related terms in English. Sample of 30 articles grouped in the thematic categories 'technology in the simulation with manikin', 'incentive to learning' and 'teaching of nursing skills'. It was identified different formats of digital educational technologies used in teaching Nursing skills such as videos, learning management system, applications, hypertext, games, virtual reality simulators. These digital materials collaborated in the acquisition of theoretical references that subsidize the practices, enhancing the teaching and enable the use of active learning methods, breaking with the traditional teaching of demonstrating and repeating procedures.

An integrated knowledge system for the Space Shuttle hazardous gas detection system

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Lo, Ching F.; Shi, George Z.; Bangasser, Carl; Fensky, Connie; Cegielski, Eric; Overbey, Glenn

1993-01-01

A computer-based integrated Knowledge-Based System, the Intelligent Hypertext Manual (IHM), was developed for the Space Shuttle Hazardous Gas Detection System (HGDS) at NASA Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC). The IHM stores HGDS related knowledge and presents it in an interactive and intuitive manner. This manual is a combination of hypertext and an expert system which store experts' knowledge and experience in hazardous gas detection and analysis. The IHM's purpose is to provide HGDS personnel with the capabilities of: locating applicable documentation related to procedures, constraints, and previous fault histories; assisting in the training of personnel; enhancing the interpretation of real time data; and recognizing and identifying possible faults in the Space Shuttle sub-systems related to hazardous gas detection.

Teaching with a GIS using existing grade 7--12 curricula

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Brown, Stephen Castlebury

As Geographic Information Systems (GIS) become less expensive and easier to use, the demand for individuals knowledgeable of this technology increases. Associated with this is the current and future necessity of a public who understands the wide range of technical proficiencies needed for accurate GIS mapping. On a nationwide basis, GIS education in K--12 schools is rare. In the few instances where a school teaches students about these technologies, it is usually led by a single teacher and is not taught on a school-wide basis. This situation exists despite some research indicating that a classroom GIS might enhance the learning of students. Two primary barriers to teacher use and acceptance of a classroom GIS have been identified. First, most teachers lack any training in the use of a GIS. Secondly, there is conflict over focusing upon teaching about the use of a GIS or teaching with a GIS. Beginning in August of 1996 and concluding in August of 1998, nine separate GIS education programs were conducted for a variety of youths and adult educator audiences. Observations of participant's interactions with the GIS program ArcView would lead to the development of a demonstration curriculum and GIS application. To overcome institutional and educational barriers to youth GIS education, a curriculum partly adapted from existing materials and partly created from original materials was developed in Hypertext Markup Language (HTML). A corresponding GIS application was developed to teach about a GIS while instructing with a GIS. The curriculum was distributed for use on CD-ROM and called Georom. The hypertext curriculum provided lessons and exercises that addressed National Science Education Standards and was accessed using an Internet web browser. The curriculum included World Wide Web links to Internet sites with more information about specific topics. Modifications were made to ArcView's Graphical User Interface (GUI) that maintained the general appearance of its standard GUI, but increased its functionality for classroom use. It was observed that the availability and premise of the hypertext curriculum and GIS application increased school administrator acceptance of classroom GIS education. However, the curriculum and GIS application is still not a completely acceptable alternative to quality inservice education on GIS for many teachers.

The Electronic Documentation Project in the NASA mission control center environment

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Wang, Lui; Leigh, Albert

1994-01-01

NASA's space programs like many other technical programs of its magnitude is supported by a large volume of technical documents. These documents are not only diverse but also abundant. Management, maintenance, and retrieval of these documents is a challenging problem by itself; but, relating and cross-referencing this wealth of information when it is all on a medium of paper is an even greater challenge. The Electronic Documentation Project (EDP) is to provide an electronic system capable of developing, distributing and controlling changes for crew/ground controller procedures and related documents. There are two primary motives for the solution. The first motive is to reduce the cost of maintaining the current paper based method of operations by replacing paper documents with electronic information storage and retrieval. And, the other is to improve the efficiency and provide enhanced flexibility in document usage. Initially, the current paper based system will be faithfully reproduced in an electronic format to be used in the document viewing system. In addition, this metaphor will have hypertext extensions. Hypertext features support basic functions such as full text searches, key word searches, data retrieval, and traversal between nodes of information as well as speeding up the data access rate. They enable related but separate documents to have relationships, and allow the user to explore information naturally through non-linear link traversals. The basic operational requirements of the document viewing system are to: provide an electronic corollary to the current method of paper based document usage; supplement and ultimately replace paper-based documents; maintain focused toward control center operations such as Flight Data File, Flight Rules and Console Handbook viewing; and be available NASA wide.

1995 Joseph E. Whitley, MD, Award. A World Wide Web gateway to the radiologic learning file.

PubMed

Channin, D S

1995-12-01

Computer networks in general, and the Internet specifically, are changing the way information is manipulated in the world at large and in radiology. The goal of this project was to develop a computer system in which images from the Radiologic Learning File, available previously only via a single-user laser disc, are made available over a generic, high-availability computer network to many potential users simultaneously. Using a networked workstation in our laboratory and freely available distributed hypertext software, we established a World Wide Web (WWW) information server for radiology. Images from the Radiologic Learning File are requested through the WWW client software, digitized from a single laser disc containing the entire teaching file and then transmitted over the network to the client. The text accompanying each image is incorporated into the transmitted document. The Radiologic Learning File is now on-line, and requests to view the cases result in the delivery of the text and images. Image digitization via a frame grabber takes 1/30th of a second. Conversion of the image to a standard computer graphic format takes 45-60 sec. Text and image transmission speed on a local area network varies between 200 and 400 kilobytes (KB) per second depending on the network load. We have made images from a laser disc of the Radiologic Learning File available through an Internet-based hypertext server. The images previously available through a single-user system located in a remote section of our department are now ubiquitously available throughout our department via the department's computer network. We have thus converted a single-user, limited functionality system into a multiuser, widely available resource.

A new generation of tools for search, recovery and quality evaluation of World Wide Web medical resources.

PubMed

Aguillo, I

2000-01-01

Although the Internet is already a valuable information resource in medicine, there are important challenges to be faced before physicians and general users will have extensive access to this information. As a result of a research effort to compile a health-related Internet directory, new tools and strategies have been developed to solve key problems derived from the explosive growth of medical information on the Net and the great concern over the quality of such critical information. The current Internet search engines lack some important capabilities. We suggest using second generation tools (client-side based) able to deal with large quantities of data and to increase the usability of the records recovered. We tested the capabilities of these programs to solve health-related information problems, recognising six groups according to the kind of topics addressed: Z39.50 clients, downloaders, multisearchers, tracing agents, indexers and mappers. The evaluation of the quality of health information available on the Internet could require a large amount of human effort. A possible solution may be to use quantitative indicators based on the hypertext visibility of the Web sites. The cybermetric measures are valid for quality evaluation if they are derived from indirect peer review by experts with Web pages citing the site. The hypertext links acting as citations need to be extracted from a controlled sample of quality super-sites.

How to Assess Data Availability, Accessibility and Format for Risk Analysis?

PubMed

Humblet, M-F; Vandeputte, S; Mignot, C; Bellet, C; De Koeijer, A; Swanenburg, M; Afonso, A; Sanaa, M; Saegerman, C

2016-12-01

Risk assessments are mostly carried out based on available data, which do not reflect all data theoretically required by experts to answer them. This study aimed at developing a methodology to assess data availability, accessibility and format, based on a scoring system and focusing on two diseases: Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis (VEE), still exotic to Europe, and alveolar echinococcosis, caused by Echinococcus multilocularis (EM), endemic in several Member States (MSs). After reviewing 36 opinions of the EFSA-AHAW Panel on risk assessment of animal health questions, a generic list of needed data was elaborated. The methodology consisted, first, in implementing a direct and an indirect survey to collect the data needed for both case studies: the direct survey consisted in a questionnaire sent to contact points of three European MSs (Belgium, France and the Netherlands), and the organization of a workshop gathering experts on both diseases. The indirect survey, focusing on the three MSs involved in the direct survey plus Spain, relied on web searches. Secondly, a scoring system with reference to data availability, accessibility and format was elaborated, to, finally, compare both diseases and data between MSs. The accessibility of data was generally related to their availability. Web searches resulted in more data available for VEE compared to EM, despite its current exotic status in the European Union. Hypertext markup language and portable document files were the main formats of available data. Data availability, accessibility and format should be improved for research scientists/assessors. The format of data plays a key role in the feasibility and rapidness of data management and analysis, through a prompt compilation, combination and aggregation in working databases. Harmonization of data collection process is encouraged, according to standardized procedures, to provide useful and reliable data, both at the national and the international levels for both animal and human health; it would allow assessing data gaps through comparative studies. The present methodology is a good way of assessing the relevance of data for risk assessment, as it allows integrating the uncertainty linked to the quality of data used. Such an approach could be described as transparent and traceable and should be performed systematically. © 2015 Blackwell Verlag GmbH.

HGML: a hypertext guideline markup language.

PubMed Central

Hagerty, C. G.; Pickens, D.; Kulikowski, C.; Sonnenberg, F.

2000-01-01

Existing text-based clinical practice guidelines can be difficult to put into practice. While a growing number of such documents have gained acceptance in the medical community and contain a wealth of valuable information, the time required to digest them is substantial. Yet the expressive power, subtlety and flexibility of natural language pose challenges when designing computer tools that will help in their application. At the same time, formal computer languages typically lack such expressiveness and the effort required to translate existing documents into these languages may be costly. We propose a method based on the mark-up concept for converting text-based clinical guidelines into a machine-operable form. This allows existing guidelines to be manipulated by machine, and viewed in different formats at various levels of detail according to the needs of the practitioner, while preserving their originally published form. PMID:11079898

Effects of low intensity noise from aircraft or from neighbourhood on cognitive learning and electrophysiological stress responses.

PubMed

Trimmel, Michael; Atzlsdorfer, Jürgen; Tupy, Nina; Trimmel, Karin

2012-11-01

The effects of low intensity noise on cognitive learning and autonomous physiological processes are of high practical relevance but are rarely addressed in empirical investigations. This study investigated the impact of neighbourhood noise (of 45 dB[A], n=20) and of noise coming from passing aircraft (of 48 dB[A] peak amplitude presented once per minute; n=19) during computer based learning of different texts (with three types of text structure, i.e. linear text, hierarchic hypertext, and network hypertext) in relation to a control group (35 dB[A], n=20). Using a between subjects design, reproduction scores, heart rate, and spontaneous skin conductance fluctuations were compared. Results showed impairments of reproduction in both noise conditions. Additionally, whereas in the control group and the neighbourhood noise group scores were better for network hypertext structure than for hierarchic hypertext, no effect of text structure on reproduction appeared in the aircraft noise group. Compared to the control group, for most of the learning period the number of spontaneous skin conductance fluctuations was higher for the aircraft noise group. For the neighbourhood noise group, fluctuations were higher during pre- and post task periods when noise stimulation was still present. Additionally, during the last 5 min of the 15 min learning period, an increased heart rate was found in the aircraft noise group. Data indicate remarkable cognitive and physiological effects of low intensity background noise. Some aspects of reproduction were impaired in the two noise groups. Cognitive learning, as indicated by reproduction scores, was changed structurally in the aircraft noise group and was accompanied by higher sympathetic activity. An additional cardiovascular load appeared for aircraft noise when combined with time pressure as indicated by heart rate for the announced last 5 min of the learning period during aircraft noise with a peak SPL of even 48 dB(A). Attentional mechanisms (attentional control) like being threatened by passing aircraft approaching the airport, higher demands of selective filtering, and difficulties in changing cognitive strategies during noise are discussed as underlying mechanisms. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.

Conversion of Radiology Reporting Templates to the MRRT Standard.

PubMed

Kahn, Charles E; Genereaux, Brad; Langlotz, Curtis P

2015-10-01

In 2013, the Integrating the Healthcare Enterprise (IHE) Radiology workgroup developed the Management of Radiology Report Templates (MRRT) profile, which defines both the format of radiology reporting templates using an extension of Hypertext Markup Language version 5 (HTML5), and the transportation mechanism to query, retrieve, and store these templates. Of 200 English-language report templates published by the Radiological Society of North America (RSNA), initially encoded as text and in an XML schema language, 168 have been converted successfully into MRRT using a combination of automated processes and manual editing; conversion of the remaining 32 templates is in progress. The automated conversion process applied Extensible Stylesheet Language Transformation (XSLT) scripts, an XML parsing engine, and a Java servlet. The templates were validated for proper HTML5 and MRRT syntax using web-based services. The MRRT templates allow radiologists to share best-practice templates across organizations and have been uploaded to the template library to supersede the prior XML-format templates. By using MRRT transactions and MRRT-format templates, radiologists will be able to directly import and apply templates from the RSNA Report Template Library in their own MRRT-compatible vendor systems. The availability of MRRT-format reporting templates will stimulate adoption of the MRRT standard and is expected to advance the sharing and use of templates to improve the quality of radiology reports.

The digital curriculum vitae.

PubMed

Galdino, Greg M; Gotway, Michael

2005-02-01

The curriculum vitae (CV) has been the traditional method for radiologists to illustrate their accomplishments in the field of medicine. Despite its presence in medicine as a standard, widely accepted means to describe one's professional career and its use for decades as an accomplice to most applications and interviews, there is relatively little written in the medical literature regarding the CV. Misrepresentation on medical students', residents', and fellows' applications has been reported. Using digital technology, CVs have the potential to be much more than printed words on paper and offers a solution to misrepresentation. Digital CVs may incorporate full-length articles, graphics, presentations, clinical images, and video. Common formats for digital CVs include CD-ROMs or DVD-ROMs containing articles (in Adobe Portable Document Format) and presentations (in Microsoft PowerPoint format) accompanying printed CVs, word processing documents with hyperlinks to articles and presentations either locally (on CD-ROMs or DVD-ROMs) or remotely (via the Internet), or hypertext markup language documents. Digital CVs afford the ability to provide more information that is readily accessible to those receiving and reviewing them. Articles, presentations, videos, images, and Internet links can be illustrated using standard file formats commonly available to all radiologists. They can be easily updated and distributed on an inexpensive media, such as a CD-ROM or DVD-ROM. With the availability of electronic articles, presentations, and information via the Internet, traditional paper CVs may soon be superseded by their electronic successors.

Health Reference Center™

PubMed Central

Sutliff, Jacqueline Page; Olton, Robert; Omarzu, Christopher H.

1990-01-01

This demonstration shows a hypertext-linked integrated database consisting of a variety of sources of consumer health information that enables the user to retrieve and understand information more easily than consulting independent sources in the traditional fashion.

WebGLORE: a web service for Grid LOgistic REgression.

PubMed

Jiang, Wenchao; Li, Pinghao; Wang, Shuang; Wu, Yuan; Xue, Meng; Ohno-Machado, Lucila; Jiang, Xiaoqian

2013-12-15

WebGLORE is a free web service that enables privacy-preserving construction of a global logistic regression model from distributed datasets that are sensitive. It only transfers aggregated local statistics (from participants) through Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure to a trusted server, where the global model is synthesized. WebGLORE seamlessly integrates AJAX, JAVA Applet/Servlet and PHP technologies to provide an easy-to-use web service for biomedical researchers to break down policy barriers during information exchange. http://dbmi-engine.ucsd.edu/webglore3/. WebGLORE can be used under the terms of GNU general public license as published by the Free Software Foundation.

Electronic Publishing.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lancaster, F. W.

1989-01-01

Describes various stages involved in the applications of electronic media to the publishing industry. Highlights include computer typesetting, or photocomposition; machine-readable databases; the distribution of publications in electronic form; computer conferencing and electronic mail; collaborative authorship; hypertext; hypermedia publications;…

HDF-EOS Web Server

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Ullman, Richard; Bane, Bob; Yang, Jingli

2008-01-01

A shell script has been written as a means of automatically making HDF-EOS-formatted data sets available via the World Wide Web. ("HDF-EOS" and variants thereof are defined in the first of the two immediately preceding articles.) The shell script chains together some software tools developed by the Data Usability Group at Goddard Space Flight Center to perform the following actions: Extract metadata in Object Definition Language (ODL) from an HDF-EOS file, Convert the metadata from ODL to Extensible Markup Language (XML), Reformat the XML metadata into human-readable Hypertext Markup Language (HTML), Publish the HTML metadata and the original HDF-EOS file to a Web server and an Open-source Project for a Network Data Access Protocol (OPeN-DAP) server computer, and Reformat the XML metadata and submit the resulting file to the EOS Clearinghouse, which is a Web-based metadata clearinghouse that facilitates searching for, and exchange of, Earth-Science data.

A RESTful image gateway for multiple medical image repositories.

PubMed

Valente, Frederico; Viana-Ferreira, Carlos; Costa, Carlos; Oliveira, José Luis

2012-05-01

Mobile technologies are increasingly important components in telemedicine systems and are becoming powerful decision support tools. Universal access to data may already be achieved by resorting to the latest generation of tablet devices and smartphones. However, the protocols employed for communicating with image repositories are not suited to exchange data with mobile devices. In this paper, we present an extensible approach to solving the problem of querying and delivering data in a format that is suitable for the bandwidth and graphic capacities of mobile devices. We describe a three-tiered component-based gateway that acts as an intermediary between medical applications and a number of Picture Archiving and Communication Systems (PACS). The interface with the gateway is accomplished using Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) requests following a Representational State Transfer (REST) methodology, which relieves developers from dealing with complex medical imaging protocols and allows the processing of data on the server side.

Interactive Visualization of Infrared Spectral Data: Synergy of Computation, Visualization, and Experiment for Learning Spectroscopy

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lahti, Paul M.; Motyka, Eric J.; Lancashire, Robert J.

2000-05-01

A straightforward procedure is described to combine computation of molecular vibrational modes using commonly available molecular modeling programs with visualization of the modes using advanced features of the MDL Information Systems Inc. Chime World Wide Web browser plug-in. Minor editing of experimental spectra that are stored in the JCAMP-DX format allows linkage of IR spectral frequency ranges to Chime molecular display windows. The spectra and animation files can be combined by Hypertext Markup Language programming to allow interactive linkage between experimental spectra and computationally generated vibrational displays. Both the spectra and the molecular displays can be interactively manipulated to allow the user maximum control of the objects being viewed. This procedure should be very valuable not only for aiding students through visual linkage of spectra and various vibrational animations, but also by assisting them in learning the advantages and limitations of computational chemistry by comparison to experiment.

Catalogue of HI PArameters (CHIPA)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Saponara, J.; Benaglia, P.; Koribalski, B.; Andruchow, I.

2015-08-01

The catalogue of HI parameters of galaxies HI (CHIPA) is the natural continuation of the compilation by M.C. Martin in 1998. CHIPA provides the most important parameters of nearby galaxies derived from observations of the neutral Hydrogen line. The catalogue contains information of 1400 galaxies across the sky and different morphological types. Parameters like the optical diameter of the galaxy, the blue magnitude, the distance, morphological type, HI extension are listed among others. Maps of the HI distribution, velocity and velocity dispersion can also be display for some cases. The main objective of this catalogue is to facilitate the bibliographic queries, through searching in a database accessible from the internet that will be available in 2015 (the website is under construction). The database was built using the open source `` mysql (SQL, Structured Query Language, management system relational database) '', while the website was built with ''HTML (Hypertext Markup Language)'' and ''PHP (Hypertext Preprocessor)''.

A World Wide Web (WWW) server database engine for an organelle database, MitoDat.

PubMed

Lemkin, P F; Chipperfield, M; Merril, C; Zullo, S

1996-03-01

We describe a simple database search engine "dbEngine" which may be used to quickly create a searchable database on a World Wide Web (WWW) server. Data may be prepared from spreadsheet programs (such as Excel, etc.) or from tables exported from relationship database systems. This Common Gateway Interface (CGI-BIN) program is used with a WWW server such as available commercially, or from National Center for Supercomputer Algorithms (NCSA) or CERN. Its capabilities include: (i) searching records by combinations of terms connected with ANDs or ORs; (ii) returning search results as hypertext links to other WWW database servers; (iii) mapping lists of literature reference identifiers to the full references; (iv) creating bidirectional hypertext links between pictures and the database. DbEngine has been used to support the MitoDat database (Mendelian and non-Mendelian inheritance associated with the Mitochondrion) on the WWW.

Computer technologies and institutional memory

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Bell, Christopher; Lachman, Roy

1989-01-01

NASA programs for manned space flight are in their 27th year. Scientists and engineers who worked continuously on the development of aerospace technology during that period are approaching retirement. The resulting loss to the organization will be considerable. Although this problem is general to the NASA community, the problem was explored in terms of the institutional memory and technical expertise of a single individual in the Man-Systems division. The main domain of the expert was spacecraft lighting, which became the subject area for analysis in these studies. The report starts with an analysis of the cumulative expertise and institutional memory of technical employees of organizations such as NASA. A set of solutions to this problem are examined and found inadequate. Two solutions were investigated at length: hypertext and expert systems. Illustrative examples were provided of hypertext and expert system representation of spacecraft lighting. These computer technologies can be used to ameliorate the problem of the loss of invaluable personnel.

Document Delivery: An Annotated Selective Bibliography.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Khalil, Mounir A.; Katz, Suzanne R.

1992-01-01

Presents a selective annotated bibliography of 61 items that deal with topics related to document delivery, including networks; hypertext; interlibrary loan; computer security; electronic publishing; copyright; online catalogs; resource sharing; electronic mail; electronic libraries; optical character recognition; microcomputers; liability issues;…

WaterML: an XML Language for Communicating Water Observations Data

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Maidment, D. R.; Zaslavsky, I.; Valentine, D.

2007-12-01

One of the great impediments to the synthesis of water information is the plethora of formats used to publish such data. Each water agency uses its own approach. XML (eXtended Markup Languages) are generalizations of Hypertext Markup Language to communicate specific kinds of information via the internet. WaterML is an XML language for water observations data - streamflow, water quality, groundwater levels, climate, precipitation and aquatic biology data, recorded at fixed, point locations as a function of time. The Hydrologic Information System project of the Consortium of Universities for the Advancement of Hydrologic Science, Inc (CUAHSI) has defined WaterML and prepared a set of web service functions called WaterOneFLow that use WaterML to provide information about observation sites, the variables measured there and the values of those measurments. WaterML has been submitted to the Open GIS Consortium for harmonization with its standards for XML languages. Academic investigators at a number of testbed locations in the WATERS network are providing data in WaterML format using WaterOneFlow web services. The USGS and other federal agencies are also working with CUAHSI to similarly provide access to their data in WaterML through WaterOneFlow services.

WebGLORE: a Web service for Grid LOgistic REgression

PubMed Central

Jiang, Wenchao; Li, Pinghao; Wang, Shuang; Wu, Yuan; Xue, Meng; Ohno-Machado, Lucila; Jiang, Xiaoqian

2013-01-01

WebGLORE is a free web service that enables privacy-preserving construction of a global logistic regression model from distributed datasets that are sensitive. It only transfers aggregated local statistics (from participants) through Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure to a trusted server, where the global model is synthesized. WebGLORE seamlessly integrates AJAX, JAVA Applet/Servlet and PHP technologies to provide an easy-to-use web service for biomedical researchers to break down policy barriers during information exchange. Availability and implementation: http://dbmi-engine.ucsd.edu/webglore3/. WebGLORE can be used under the terms of GNU general public license as published by the Free Software Foundation. Contact: x1jiang@ucsd.edu PMID:24072732

Engineering monitoring expert system's developer

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Lo, Ching F.

1991-01-01

This research project is designed to apply artificial intelligence technology including expert systems, dynamic interface of neural networks, and hypertext to construct an expert system developer. The developer environment is specifically suited to building expert systems which monitor the performance of ground support equipment for propulsion systems and testing facilities. The expert system developer, through the use of a graphics interface and a rule network, will be transparent to the user during rule constructing and data scanning of the knowledge base. The project will result in a software system that allows its user to build specific monitoring type expert systems which monitor various equipments used for propulsion systems or ground testing facilities and accrues system performance information in a dynamic knowledge base.

Automatic Text Structuring and Summarization.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Salton, Gerard; And Others

1997-01-01

Discussion of the use of information retrieval techniques for automatic generation of semantic hypertext links focuses on automatic text summarization. Topics include World Wide Web links, text segmentation, and evaluation of text summarization by comparing automatically generated abstracts with manually prepared abstracts. (Author/LRW)

Educational Systems Design Implications of Electronic Publishing.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Romiszowski, Alexander J.

1994-01-01

Discussion of electronic publishing focuses on the four main purposes of media in general: communication, entertainment, motivation, and education. Highlights include electronic journals and books; hypertext; user control; computer graphics and animation; electronic games; virtual reality; multimedia; electronic performance support;…

Designing for the Next Web.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bremser, Wayne

1998-01-01

Discusses how to choose from the available interactive graphic-design possibilities for the World Wide Web. Compatibility and appropriateness are discussed; and DHTML (Dynamic Hypertext Markup Language), Java, CSS (Cascading Style Sheets), plug-ins, ActiveX, and Push and channel technologies are described. (LRW)

Crossroads 2000 proceedings : table of contents

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1998-08-01

This compilation of papers from the Crossroads 2000 Proceedings were presented from August 19-20, 1998 at Iowa State University at Ames, Iowa. From the main conference web page, link to the table of contents, which contains hypertext links to each pa...

Glossary of Internet Terms.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Microcomputers for Information Management, 1995

1995-01-01

Provides definitions for 71 terms related to the Internet, including Archie, bulletin board system, cyberspace, e-mail (electronic mail), file transfer protocol, gopher, hypertext, integrated services digital network, local area network, listserv, modem, packet switching, server, telnet, UNIX, WAIS (wide area information servers), and World Wide…

Streamlining the Process of Acquiring Secure Open Architecture Software Systems

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-10-08

Microsoft.NET, Enterprise Java Beans, GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL) libraries, and data communication protocols like the Hypertext Transfer...NetBeans development environments),  customer relationship management (SugarCRM),  database management systems (PostgreSQL, MySQL ),  operating

Interfaces for End-User Information Seeking.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Marchionini, Gary

1992-01-01

Discusses essential features of interfaces to support end-user information seeking. Highlights include cognitive engineering; task models and task analysis; the problem-solving nature of information seeking; examples of systems for end-users, including online public access catalogs (OPACs), hypertext, and help systems; and suggested research…

A Manifesto for Instructional Technology: Hyperpedagogy.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Dwight, Jim; Garrison, Jim

2003-01-01

Calls for digital technology in education to embrace forms of pedagogy appropriate for hypertext, challenging western metaphysics and relying on the philosophy of John Dewey to propose an alternative. The paper reviews dominant models of curriculum, especially Ralph Tyler's, revealing their concealed metaphysical assumptions; shows that the…

Developing Intranets: Practical Issues for Implementation and Design.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Trowbridge, Dave

1996-01-01

An intranet is a system which has "domesticated" the technologies of the Internet for specific organizational settings and goals. Although the adaptability of Hypertext Markup Language to intranets is sometimes limited, implementing various protocols and technologies enable organizations to share files among heterogeneous computers,…

Multimedia as Rhizome: Design Issues in a Network Environment.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Burnett, Kathleen

1992-01-01

Defines the concepts of hypertext, hypermedia, multimedia, and multimedia networks. Using the rhizome as a metaphor for electronically mediated exchange, a theory of hypermedia design that incorporates principles of connection and heterogeneity, multiplicity, asignifying rupture, and cartography and decalomania is explored. (four references) (MES)

Just tell me what you want!: the promise and perils of rapid prototyping with the World Wide Web.

PubMed

Cimino, J J; Socratous, S A

1996-01-01

Construction of applications using the World Wide Web architecture and Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) documents is relatively simple. We are exploring this approach with an application, called PolyMed now in use by surgical residents for one year. We monitored use and obtained user feedback to develop new features and eliminate undesirable ones. The system has been used to keep track of over 4,200 patients. We predicted, several advantages and disadvantages to this approach to prototyping clinical applications. Our experience confirms some advantages (ease of development and customization, ability to exploit non-Web system components, and simplified user interface design) and disadvantages (lack of database management services). Some predicted disadvantages failed to materialize (difficulty modeling a clinical application with hypertext and inconveniences associated with the "connectionless" nature of the Web). We were disappointed to find that while integration of external Web applications (such as Medline) into our application was easy, our users did not find it useful.

Just tell me what you want!: the promise and perils of rapid prototyping with the World Wide Web.

PubMed Central

Cimino, J. J.; Socratous, S. A.

1996-01-01

Construction of applications using the World Wide Web architecture and Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) documents is relatively simple. We are exploring this approach with an application, called PolyMed now in use by surgical residents for one year. We monitored use and obtained user feedback to develop new features and eliminate undesirable ones. The system has been used to keep track of over 4,200 patients. We predicted, several advantages and disadvantages to this approach to prototyping clinical applications. Our experience confirms some advantages (ease of development and customization, ability to exploit non-Web system components, and simplified user interface design) and disadvantages (lack of database management services). Some predicted disadvantages failed to materialize (difficulty modeling a clinical application with hypertext and inconveniences associated with the "connectionless" nature of the Web). We were disappointed to find that while integration of external Web applications (such as Medline) into our application was easy, our users did not find it useful. PMID:8947759

Mercury Shopping Cart Interface

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Pfister, Robin; McMahon, Joe

2006-01-01

Mercury Shopping Cart Interface (MSCI) is a reusable component of the Power User Interface 5.0 (PUI) program described in another article. MSCI is a means of encapsulating the logic and information needed to describe an orderable item consistent with Mercury Shopping Cart service protocol. Designed to be used with Web-browser software, MSCI generates Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) pages on which ordering information can be entered. MSCI comprises two types of Practical Extraction and Report Language (PERL) modules: template modules and shopping-cart logic modules. Template modules generate HTML pages for entering the required ordering details and enable submission of the order via a Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) post. Shopping cart modules encapsulate the logic and data needed to describe an individual orderable item to the Mercury Shopping Cart service. These modules evaluate information entered by the user to determine whether it is sufficient for the Shopping Cart service to process the order. Once an order has been passed from MSCI to a deployed Mercury Shopping Cart server, there is no further interaction with the user.

Human use regulatory affairs advisor (HURAA): learning about research ethics with intelligent learning modules.

PubMed

Hu, Xiangen; Graesser, Arthur C

2004-05-01

The Human Use Regulatory Affairs Advisor (HURAA) is a Web-based facility that provides help and training on the ethical use of human subjects in research, based on documents and regulations in United States federal agencies. HURAA has a number of standard features of conventional Web facilities and computer-based training, such as hypertext, multimedia, help modules, glossaries, archives, links to other sites, and page-turning didactic instruction. HURAA also has these intelligent features: (1) an animated conversational agent that serves as a navigational guide for the Web facility, (2) lessons with case-based and explanation-based reasoning, (3) document retrieval through natural language queries, and (4) a context-sensitive Frequently Asked Questions segment, called Point & Query. This article describes the functional learning components of HURAA, specifies its computational architecture, and summarizes empirical tests of the facility on learners.

GLobal Integrated Design Environment (GLIDE): A Concurrent Engineering Application

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

McGuire, Melissa L.; Kunkel, Matthew R.; Smith, David A.

2010-01-01

The GLobal Integrated Design Environment (GLIDE) is a client-server software application purpose-built to mitigate issues associated with real time data sharing in concurrent engineering environments and to facilitate discipline-to-discipline interaction between multiple engineers and researchers. GLIDE is implemented in multiple programming languages utilizing standardized web protocols to enable secure parameter data sharing between engineers and researchers across the Internet in closed and/or widely distributed working environments. A well defined, HyperText Transfer Protocol (HTTP) based Application Programming Interface (API) to the GLIDE client/server environment enables users to interact with GLIDE, and each other, within common and familiar tools. One such common tool, Microsoft Excel (Microsoft Corporation), paired with its add-in API for GLIDE, is discussed in this paper. The top-level examples given demonstrate how this interface improves the efficiency of the design process of a concurrent engineering study while reducing potential errors associated with manually sharing information between study participants.

Designing a visualization system for hydrological data

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Fuhrmann, Sven

2000-02-01

The field of hydrology is, as any other scientific field, strongly affected by a massive technological evolution. The spread of modern information and communication technology within the last three decades has led to an increased collection, availability and use of spatial and temporal digital hydrological data. In a two-year research period a working group in Muenster applied and developed methods for the visualization of digital hydrological data and the documentation of hydrological models. A low-cost multimedial, hydrological visualization system (HydroVIS) for the Weser river catchment was developed. The research group designed HydroVIS under freeware constraints and tried to show what kind of multimedia visualization techniques can be effectively used with a nonprofit hydrological visualization system. The system's visual components include features such as electronic maps, temporal and nontemporal cartographic animations, the display of geologic profiles, interactive diagrams and hypertext, including photographs and tables.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Carnes, E.T.; Truett, D.F.; Truett, L.F.

In the handful of years since the World Wide Web (WWW or Web) came into being, Web sites have developed at an astonishing rate. With the influx of Web pages comes a disparity of site types, including personal homepages, commercial sales sites, and educational data. The variety of sites and the deluge of information contained on the Web exemplify the individual nature of the WWW. Whereas some people argue that it is this eclecticism which gives the Web its charm, we propose that sites which are repositories of technical data would benefit from standardization. This paper proffers a methodology formore » publishing ecological research on the Web. The template we describe uses capabilities of HTML (the HyperText Markup Language) to enhance the value of the traditional scientific paper.« less

Hypertext or Textbook: Effects on Motivation and Gain in Knowledge

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Conradty, Cathérine; Bogner, Franz X.

2016-01-01

Computers are considered innovative in classrooms, raising expectations of increased cognitive learning outcomes or motivation with effects on Deeper Learning (DL). The "new medium", however, may cause cognitive overloads. Combined with gender-related variations in ability, self-efficacy or self-confidence, computers may even diminish…

Non-Print Social Studies Materials--Elementary School Level.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lynn, Karen

Types of non-print social studies materials developed for presentation to, and use by, elementary school students are identified. "Non-print" materials include films, filmstrips, video cassettes, audio recordings, computer databases, telecommunications, and hypertext. An explanation of why elementary school students can benefit from the use of…

School and Situated Knowledge: Travel or Tourism?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Damarin, Suzanne K.

1993-01-01

Examines issues related to situated cognition and learning, both in the classroom and in the world. Topics discussed include educational theories; the situated nature of knowledge; the perception of experts; and the role of technology in situated learning, including virtual reality, hypertext, and telecommunications. (26 references) (LRW)

Computer Literacy and Non-IS Majors

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Thomas, Jennifer D. E.; Blackwood, Martina

2010-01-01

This paper presents an investigation of non-Information Systems (IS) major's perceptions and performance when enrolled in a required introductory Computer Information Systems course. Students of various academic backgrounds were taught Excel, Hypertext Markup Language (HTML), JavaScript and computer literacy in a 14-week introductory course, in…

Pulling the Internet Together with Mosaic.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Sheehan, Mark

1995-01-01

Presents the history of the Internet with specific emphasis on Mosaic; discusses hypertext and hypermedia information; and describes software and hardware requirements. Sidebars include information on the National Center for Super Computing Applications (NCSA); World Wide Web browsers for use in Windows, Macintosh, and X-Windows (UNIX); and…

Teaching Hypertext and Hypermedia through the Web.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

de Bra, Paul M. E.

This paper describes a World Wide Web-based introductory course titled "Hypermedia Structures and Systems," offered as an optional part of the curriculum in computing science at the Eindhoven University of Technology (Netherlands). The technical environment for the current (1996) edition of the course is presented, which features…

Automatic Text Decomposition and Structuring.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Salton, Gerard; And Others

1996-01-01

Text similarity measurements are used to determine relationships between natural-language texts and text excerpts. The resulting linked hypertext maps can be broken down into text segments and themes used to identify different text types and structures, leading to improved information access and utilization. Examples are provided for text…

Reading and Writing in Multimodal Contexts: Exploring the Deictic Nature of Literacy

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bailey, Margaret Denice

2012-01-01

This study examined the reading and writing processes that seventh-graders used in hypertext versus traditional print environments. Additionally, it considered the impact of incorporating technology and collaboration into pedagogical practice. Three separate literacy activities involved students in finding information, creating presentations, and…

Chaos Breeds Life: Finding Opportunities for Library Advancement during a Period of Collection Schizophrenia.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Neal, James G.

1999-01-01

Examines the changes that are affecting academic library collection development. Highlights include computer technology; digital information; networking; virtual reality; hypertext; fair use and copyrights; technological infrastructure; digital libraries; information policy; academic and scholarly publishing; and experiences at the Johns Hopkins…

Hypertext and the Art of Memory.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Storkerson, Peter; Wong, Janine

1997-01-01

Posits that intelligibility is a persistent problem in interactive multimedia and hypermedia. Describes the Art of Memory, a visual and symbolic mnemonic method used to map new information onto familiar and symbolically different structures. Presents the Art of Memory as a way to offer insight into intelligibility. (PA)

Adobe acrobat: an alternative electronic teaching file construction methodology independent of HTML restrictions.

PubMed

Katzman, G L

2001-03-01

The goal of the project was to create a method by which an in-house digital teaching file could be constructed that was simple, inexpensive, independent of hypertext markup language (HTML) restrictions, and appears identical on multiple platforms. To accomplish this, Microsoft PowerPoint and Adobe Acrobat were used in succession to assemble digital teaching files in the Acrobat portable document file format. They were then verified to appear identically on computers running Windows, Macintosh Operating Systems (OS), and the Silicon Graphics Unix-based OS as either a free-standing file using Acrobat Reader software or from within a browser window using the Acrobat browser plug-in. This latter display method yields a file viewed through a browser window, yet remains independent of underlying HTML restrictions, which may confer an advantage over simple HTML teaching file construction. Thus, a hybrid of HTML-distributed Adobe Acrobat generated WWW documents may be a viable alternative for digital teaching file construction and distribution.

MAGI: a Node.js web service for fast microRNA-Seq analysis in a GPU infrastructure.

PubMed

Kim, Jihoon; Levy, Eric; Ferbrache, Alex; Stepanowsky, Petra; Farcas, Claudiu; Wang, Shuang; Brunner, Stefan; Bath, Tyler; Wu, Yuan; Ohno-Machado, Lucila

2014-10-01

MAGI is a web service for fast MicroRNA-Seq data analysis in a graphics processing unit (GPU) infrastructure. Using just a browser, users have access to results as web reports in just a few hours->600% end-to-end performance improvement over state of the art. MAGI's salient features are (i) transfer of large input files in native FASTA with Qualities (FASTQ) format through drag-and-drop operations, (ii) rapid prediction of microRNA target genes leveraging parallel computing with GPU devices, (iii) all-in-one analytics with novel feature extraction, statistical test for differential expression and diagnostic plot generation for quality control and (iv) interactive visualization and exploration of results in web reports that are readily available for publication. MAGI relies on the Node.js JavaScript framework, along with NVIDIA CUDA C, PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor (PHP), Perl and R. It is freely available at http://magi.ucsd.edu. © The Author 2014. Published by Oxford University Press.

Networked information: Management issues for the acquisitions librarian

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Lawrence, Gregory

1994-01-01

Historically, libraries have been the depositories and public access points to both domestic and international government information. A change in the information seeking behavior of the public is driving a change in government information publishing and dissemination. Patrons who traditionally used libraries for access to printed government information have become familiar and comfortable with the electronic environment. These data users are showing an increased interest in certain types of government information in electronic format, including indexes, numeric files, statistics, and hypertext documents. Government response to increased demand for electronic information has led to a flurry of special initiatives, with the production of information products on diskette, CD-ROM, and dissemination via the Internet. Libraries, and acquisitions units in particular, are being challenged to provide consistent and timely management of the information. The rapidly developing communications infrastructure, which frequently redesigns access to the information environment, poses significant obstacles to, and the tremendous opportunities for, making large bodies of government information available to a broad base of users.

VISIBIOweb: visualization and layout services for BioPAX pathway models

PubMed Central

Dilek, Alptug; Belviranli, Mehmet E.; Dogrusoz, Ugur

2010-01-01

With recent advancements in techniques for cellular data acquisition, information on cellular processes has been increasing at a dramatic rate. Visualization is critical to analyzing and interpreting complex information; representing cellular processes or pathways is no exception. VISIBIOweb is a free, open-source, web-based pathway visualization and layout service for pathway models in BioPAX format. With VISIBIOweb, one can obtain well-laid-out views of pathway models using the standard notation of the Systems Biology Graphical Notation (SBGN), and can embed such views within one's web pages as desired. Pathway views may be navigated using zoom and scroll tools; pathway object properties, including any external database references available in the data, may be inspected interactively. The automatic layout component of VISIBIOweb may also be accessed programmatically from other tools using Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP). The web site is free and open to all users and there is no login requirement. It is available at: http://visibioweb.patika.org. PMID:20460470

Dealing Your Own Hands with Hypercard.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Larsen, Mark D.

1988-01-01

Extensively reviews Hypercard, a multifaceted software package for the Macintosh. HyperCard uses a language called "hypertext" which was patterned after everyday language and designed to allow flexibility in the linking and manipulation of text, graphics, and sounds. Describes one use for Hypercard in an advanced course on Latin American…

Using Technology To Enhance Literacy in Elementary School Children.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Christie, Alice

The electronic information age is here, and adults as well as children are using new ways to gather and generate information. Electronics users are writing in hypertext; exploring cyberspace; living in virtual communities; scooping interactively with CD-ROMs and laserdiscs; using File Transfer Protocols to upload and download information from…

Individual Variation in Children's Reading Comprehension across Digital Text Types

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Fesel, Sabine S.; Segers, Eliane; Verhoeven, Ludo

2018-01-01

The present study examined children's digital text comprehension of digital text types linear digital text vs hypertext, with or without graphical navigable overviews. We investigated to what extent individual variation in children's comprehension could be explained by lexical quality (word reading efficiency and vocabulary knowledge), cognitive…

A Prospectus for the Future Development of a Speech Lab: Hypertext Applications.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Berube, David M.

This paper presents a plan for the next generation of speech laboratories which integrates technologies of modern communication in order to improve and modernize the instructional process. The paper first examines the application of intermediate technologies including audio-video recording and playback, computer assisted instruction and testing…

Home Page, Sweet Home Page: Creating a Web Presence.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Falcigno, Kathleen; Green, Tim

1995-01-01

Focuses primarily on design issues and practical concerns involved in creating World Wide Web documents for use within an organization. Concerns for those developing Web home pages are: learning HyperText Markup Language (HTML); defining customer group; allocating staff resources for maintenance of documents; providing feedback mechanism for…

Vint Cerf. TECHNOS Interview.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Raney, Mardell

1998-01-01

Discussion with Vinton G. Cerf, widely known as father of the Internet and creator of the original email system, focuses on societal implications of the Internet; filtering; hypertext; email; the need for a global legal framework; e-commerce and potential for Web-based businesses; and implications of the Internet for education. (LRW)

Expanding Academic Vocabulary with an Interactive On-Line Database

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Horst, Marlise; Cobb, Tom; Nicolae, Ioana

2005-01-01

University students used a set of existing and purpose-built on-line tools for vocabulary learning in an experimental ESL course. The resources included concordance, dictionary, cloze-builder, hypertext, and a database with interactive self-quizzing feature (all freely available at www.lextutor.ca). The vocabulary targeted for learning consisted…

Common Ada Programming Support Environment (APSE) Interface Set (CAIS) Implementation Validation Capability (CIVC2)

DTIC Science & Technology

1992-06-01

Paper, Version 2.0, December 1989. [Woodcock90] Gary Woodcock , Automated Generation of Hypertext Documents, CIVC Technical Report (working paper...environment setup, performance testing, assessor testing, and analysis) of the ACEC. A captive scenario example could be developed that would guide the

A Hypertext Tutor for Teaching Principles and Techniques of GIS.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Keller, C. Peter; And Others

1996-01-01

Outlines the teaching environment that led to the conception of a digital tutor for teaching the concepts and techniques of geographic information systems (GIS). Explains the design and prototyping, introduces the tutor's capabilities, and shares insights gained from using this teaching aid. Includes teachers' and students' responses. (MJP)

Screen Miniatures as Icons for Backward Navigation in Content-Based Software.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Boling, Elizabeth; Ma, Guoping; Tao, Chia-Wen; Askun, Cengiz; Green, Tim; Frick, Theodore; Schaumburg, Heike

Users of content-based software programs, including hypertexts and instructional multimedia, rely on the navigation functions provided by the designers of those program. Typical navigation schemes use abstract symbols (arrows) to label basic navigational functions like moving forward or backward through screen displays. In a previous study, the…

106-17 Telemetry Standards Metadata Configuration Chapter 23

DTIC Science & Technology

2017-07-01

23-1 23.2 Metadata Description Language ...Chapter 23, July 2017 iii Acronyms HTML Hypertext Markup Language MDL Metadata Description Language PCM pulse code modulation TMATS Telemetry...Attributes Transfer Standard W3C World Wide Web Consortium XML eXtensible Markup Language XSD XML schema document Telemetry Network Standard

Artificial Intelligence and School Library Media Centers.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Young, Robert J.

1990-01-01

Discusses developments in artificial intelligence in terms of their impact on school library media centers and the role of media specialists. Possible uses of expert systems, hypertext, and CD-ROM technologies in school media centers are examined and the challenges presented by these technologies are discussed. Fourteen sources of additional…

Constructing Knowledge from an Ill-Structured Domain: Testing a Multimedia Hamlet.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Barnes, William G. W.

How a multimedia program that employs concept maps and hypertext for teaching "Hamlet" facilitated comprehension in an undergraduate course is described. Results suggest factors that instructional designers should take into account to improve learning. Thirty-six upper-division college students were enrolled in a course on Shakespeare at…

Emerging Pedagogy: Teaching Digital Hypertexts in Social Contexts.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Strasma, Kip

2001-01-01

Considers how in the classroom, particularly, teachers should take advantage of the multiple aspects of narrative time constructed through hypertextual duration, frequency, and order. Uses an ethnographic study of two college courses to illustrate several of these opportunities as they subvert the dominant orders of textuality totalized by…

Books Online: Visions, Plans, and Perspectives for Electronic Text.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Basch, Reva

1991-01-01

Discussion of current applications of and future possibilities for electronic text, or e-text, focuses on activities in the area of higher education. Topics covered are input technology, including optical scanners and keyboarding; standardization; copyright issues; access to e-text through networks; user interface; hypertext; software; shareware;…

Using Multimedia for Distance Learning in Adult, Career, and Vocational Education. Information Series No. 362.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Stammen, Ronald M.

This paper explores how educators are using multimedia for distance learning, beginning with definitions of the concepts of multimedia, hypermedia, hypertext, distance education and distance learning. Three types of telecommunications technologies are described: multimedia with broadcast television, multimedia with interactive video (television),…

Generating a Professional Portfolio in the Writing Center: A Hypertext Tutor.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Cullen, Roxanne; Balkema, Sandra

1995-01-01

Notes that Ferris State University's writing center uses HyperCard software in the Macintosh environment to assist students in technical/professional programs to develop professional portfolios. Suggests that this approach offers consistent instruction and equal access to content information as approved by faculty in specified disciplines in a…

The Impact of Text Browsing on Text Retrieval Performance.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bodner, Richard C.; Chignell, Mark H.; Charoenkitkarn, Nipon; Golovchinsky, Gene; Kopak, Richard W.

2001-01-01

Compares empirical results from three experiments using Text Retrieval Conference (TREC) data and search topics that involved three different user interfaces. Results show that marking Boolean queries on text, which encourages browsing, and hypertext interfaces to text retrieval systems can benefit recall and can also benefit novice users.…

Effect of Hypertextual Reading on Academic Success and Comprehension Skills

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Durukan, Erhan

2014-01-01

As computer technology developed, hypertexts emerged as an influential environment for developing language skills. This study aims to evaluate a text prepared in a hypertextual environment and its effects on academic success and comprehension skills. In this study, "preliminary test final test control group experimental pattern" was used…

Multi-Sensor Image Fusion for Target Recognition in the Environment of Network Decision Support Systems

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-12-01

FOV Field of view GEO Geosynchronous, or geostationary , earth orbit HEO Highly elliptical earth orbit HTTP Hypertext transfer protocol HTTPS...orbit (MEO), geosynchronous or geostationary earth orbit (GEO), and highly elliptical earth orbit (HEO) [38]. Furthermore, if we consider the actual

Hermeneutics, Accreting Receptions, Hypermedia: A Tool for Reference Versus a Tool for Instruction.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Nissan, Ephraim; Rossler, Isaac; Weiss, Hillel

1997-01-01

Provides a select overview of hypertext and information retrieval tools that support traditional Jewish learning and discusses a project in instructional hypermedia that is applied to teaching, teacher training, and self-instruction in given Bible passages. Highlights include accretion of receptions, hermeneutics, literary appropriations, and…

Database Management Systems: New Homes for Migrating Bibliographic Records.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Brooks, Terrence A.; Bierbaum, Esther G.

1987-01-01

Assesses bibliographic databases as part of visionary text systems such as hypertext and scholars' workstations. Downloading is discussed in terms of the capability to search records and to maintain unique bibliographic descriptions, and relational database management systems, file managers, and text databases are reviewed as possible hosts for…

Incorporating Digital E-Books into Educational Curriculum

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Turner, Freda

2005-01-01

The first books were probably the Egyptian scrolls of papyrus that provided lineal content to readers. Today (2005) the Internet technology presents the Internet lifestyle that has introduced electronic or e-books that can enrich learning experiences. E-books have an advantage over traditional books in that they offer hypertext linking, search…

XML: A Publisher's Perspective.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Andrews, Timothy M.

1999-01-01

Explains eXtensible Markup Language (XML) and describes how Dow Jones Interactive is using it to improve the news-gathering and dissemination process through intranets and the World Wide Web. Discusses benefits of using XML, the relationship to HyperText Markup Language (HTML), lack of available software tools and industry support, and future…

A Leaner, Meaner Markup Language.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Online & CD-ROM Review, 1997

1997-01-01

In 1996 a working group of the World Wide Web Consortium developed and released a simpler form of markup language, Extensible Markup Language (XML), combining the flexibility of standard Generalized Markup Language (SGML) and the Web suitability of HyperText Markup Language (HTML). Reviews SGML and discusses XML's suitability for journal…

28 CFR 75.8 - Location of the statement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... that opens upon the viewer's clicking or mousing-over a hypertext link that states, “18 U.S.C. 2257... this section, a digital video disc (DVD) containing multiple depictions is a single matter for which... 29619, May 24, 2005, as amended at 73 FR 77471, Dec. 18, 2008] ...

28 CFR 75.8 - Location of the statement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... that opens upon the viewer's clicking or mousing-over a hypertext link that states, “18 U.S.C. 2257... this section, a digital video disc (DVD) containing multiple depictions is a single matter for which... 29619, May 24, 2005, as amended at 73 FR 77471, Dec. 18, 2008] ...

28 CFR 75.8 - Location of the statement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... that opens upon the viewer's clicking or mousing-over a hypertext link that states, “18 U.S.C. 2257... this section, a digital video disc (DVD) containing multiple depictions is a single matter for which... 29619, May 24, 2005, as amended at 73 FR 77471, Dec. 18, 2008] ...

28 CFR 75.8 - Location of the statement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... that opens upon the viewer's clicking or mousing-over a hypertext link that states, “18 U.S.C. 2257... this section, a digital video disc (DVD) containing multiple depictions is a single matter for which... 29619, May 24, 2005, as amended at 73 FR 77471, Dec. 18, 2008] ...

28 CFR 75.8 - Location of the statement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... that opens upon the viewer's clicking or mousing-over a hypertext link that states, “18 U.S.C. 2257... this section, a digital video disc (DVD) containing multiple depictions is a single matter for which... 29619, May 24, 2005, as amended at 73 FR 77471, Dec. 18, 2008] ...

Deductive Error Diagnosis and Inductive Error Generalization for Intelligent Tutoring Systems.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hoppe, H. Ulrich

1994-01-01

Examines the deductive approach to error diagnosis for intelligent tutoring systems. Topics covered include the principles of the deductive approach to diagnosis; domain-specific heuristics to solve the problem of generalizing error patterns; and deductive diagnosis and the hypertext-based learning environment. (Contains 26 references.) (JLB)

The tissue micro-array data exchange specification: a web based experience browsing imported data

PubMed Central

Nohle, David G; Hackman, Barbara A; Ayers, Leona W

2005-01-01

Background The AIDS and Cancer Specimen Resource (ACSR) is an HIV/AIDS tissue bank consortium sponsored by the National Cancer Institute (NCI) Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis (DCTD). The ACSR offers to approved researchers HIV infected biologic samples and uninfected control tissues including tissue cores in micro-arrays (TMA) accompanied by de-identified clinical data. Researchers interested in the type and quality of TMA tissue cores and the associated clinical data need an efficient method for viewing available TMA materials. Because each of the tissue samples within a TMA has separate data including a core tissue digital image and clinical data, an organized, standard approach to producing, navigating and publishing such data is necessary. The Association for Pathology Informatics (API) extensible mark-up language (XML) TMA data exchange specification (TMA DES) proposed in April 2003 provides a common format for TMA data. Exporting TMA data into the proposed format offers an opportunity to implement the API TMA DES. Using our public BrowseTMA tool, we created a web site that organizes and cross references TMA lists, digital "virtual slide" images, TMA DES export data, linked legends and clinical details for researchers. Microsoft Excel® and Microsoft Word® are used to convert tabular clinical data and produce an XML file in the TMA DES format. The BrowseTMA tool contains Extensible Stylesheet Language Transformation (XSLT) scripts that convert XML data into Hyper-Text Mark-up Language (HTML) web pages with hyperlinks automatically added to allow rapid navigation. Results Block lists, virtual slide images, legends, clinical details and exports have been placed on the ACSR web site for 14 blocks with 1623 cores of 2.0, 1.0 and 0.6 mm sizes. Our virtual microscope can be used to view and annotate these TMA images. Researchers can readily navigate from TMA block lists to TMA legends and to clinical details for a selected tissue core. Exports for 11 blocks with 3812 cores from three other institutions were processed with the BrowseTMA tool. Fifty common data elements (CDE) from the TMA DES were used and 42 more created for site-specific data. Researchers can download TMA clinical data in the TMA DES format. Conclusion Virtual TMAs with clinical data can be viewed on the Internet by interested researchers using the BrowseTMA tool. We have organized our approach to producing, sorting, navigating and publishing TMA information to facilitate such review. We have converted Excel TMA data into TMA DES XML, and imported it and TMA DES XML from another institution into BrowseTMA to produce web pages that allow us to browse through the merged data. We proposed enhancements to the TMA DES as a result of this experience. We implemented improvements to the API TMA DES as a result of using exported data from several institutions. A document type definition was written for the API TMA DES (that optionally includes proposed enhancements). Independent validators can be used to check exports against the DTD (with or without the proposed enhancements). Linking tissue core images to readily navigable clinical data greatly improves the value of the TMA. PMID:16086837

Linking Different Cultures by Computers: A Study of Computer-Assisted Music Notation Instruction.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Chen, Steve Shihong; Dennis, J. Richard

1993-01-01

Describes a study that investigated the feasibility of using computers to teach music notation systems to Chinese students, as well as to help Western educators study Chinese music and its number notation system. Topics discussed include students' learning sequences; HyperCard software; hypermedia and graphic hypertext indexing; and the…

HyperCard K-12: Classroom Computer Learning Special Supplement Sponsored by Apple Computer.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Classroom Computer Learning, 1989

1989-01-01

Follows the development of hypertext which is the electronic movement of large amounts of text. Probes the use of the Macintosh HyperCard and its applications in education. Notes programs are stackable in the computer. Provides tool, resource, and stack directory along with tips for using HyperCard. (MVL)

An Empirical Comparison of Visualization Tools To Assist Information Retrieval on the Web.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Heo, Misook; Hirtle, Stephen C.

2001-01-01

Discusses problems with navigation in hypertext systems, including cognitive overload, and describes a study that tested information visualization techniques to see which best represented the underlying structure of Web space. Considers the effects of visualization techniques on user performance on information searching tasks and the effects of…

Using Hypermedia: Effects of Prior Knowledge and Goal Strength.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Last, David A.; O'Donnell, Angela M.; Kelly, Anthony E.

The influences of a student's prior knowledge and desired goal on the difficulties and benefits associated with using hypertext were examined in this study. Participants, 12 students from an undergraduate course in educational psychology, were assigned to either the low or high prior knowledge category. Within these two groups, subjects were…

Does Interface Matter? A Study of Web Authoring and Editing by Inexperienced Web Writers

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Dick, Rodney F.

2006-01-01

This study explores the complicated nature of the interface as a mediational tool for inexperienced writers as they composed hypertext documents. Because technology can become so quickly and inextricably connected to people's everyday lives, it is essential to explore the effects on these technologies before they become invisible. Because…

The New Frontier: Conquering the World Wide Web by Mule.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gresham, Morgan

1999-01-01

Examines effects of teaching hypertext markup language on students' perceptions of class goals in a networked composition classroom. Suggests sending documents via file transfer protocol by command line and viewing the Web with a textual browser shifted emphasis from writing to coding. Argues that helping students identify a balance between…

Use of Hypertext for the Development of an Office Reference System on Economic Analysis

DTIC Science & Technology

1990-09-01

that were provided to assist the beginning user received mixed reviews. The table of contents function was the most popular control icon (85 percent...quizzing yourself with flashcards and having someone quiz you with flashcards . A variant on this application (can] be constructed that displayed several

Using Hypercard and Interactive Video in Education: An Application in Cell Biology.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hall, Wendy; And Others

1989-01-01

Describes the design and implementation of an interactive video system using existing videodiscs and Apple's Hypercard for use in the teaching of cell biology to undergraduate biology students. Hypertext and hypermedia are discussed, the hardware configuration is described, and a preliminary evaluation of the completed system is reported. (five…

Collaborative Interactivity and Integrated Thinking in Brazilian Business Schools Using Cognitive Flexibility Hypertexts: The Panteon Project

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lima, Marcos; Koehler, Matthew J.; Spiro, Rand J.

2004-01-01

In this article, we discuss how the Harvard Method of case study, Interactive Communication Technologies, and Cognitive Flexibility Theory may contribute to case-based learning about business decision-making. In particular, we are interested in designing learning environments that foster critical thinking, creativity, and reasoning that entertains…

Teaching Shakespeare: Materials and Outcomes for Web-Based Instruction and Class Adjunct.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Schwartz, Helen J.

Multimedia hypertext materials have instructional advantages when used as adjuncts in traditional classes and as the primary means of instruction, as illustrated in this case study of college-level Shakespeare classes. Plays become more accessible through use of audio and video resources, including video clips from play productions. Student work…

Perspectives for Electronic Books in the World Wide Web Age.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bry, Francois; Kraus, Michael

2002-01-01

Discusses the rapid growth of the World Wide Web and the lack of use of electronic books and suggests that specialized contents and device independence can make Web-based books compete with print. Topics include enhancing the hypertext model of XML; client-side adaptation, including browsers and navigation; and semantic modeling. (Author/LRW)

A Bookstore for Bailey: A Novel Approach to Teaching a Small-Business Management Course

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bergquist, Timothy M.; Maggs, Anne

2011-01-01

This article presents the development of an online, student-centered, introductory small-business management course that uses an educational business novel, hypertext graphic-design features, an interactive workbook, and a student-authored final chapter. Student learning was assessed through the use of a pre- and posttest survey. Student…

Internet Resources: Using Web Pages in Social Studies.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Dale, Jack

1999-01-01

Contends that students in social studies classes can utilize Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) as a presentation and collaborative tool by developing websites. Presents two activities where students submitted webpages for country case studies and created a timeline for the French Revolution. Describes how to use HTML by discussing the various tags.…

Automated Management Of Documents

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Boy, Guy

1995-01-01

Report presents main technical issues involved in computer-integrated documentation. Problems associated with automation of management and maintenance of documents analyzed from perspectives of artificial intelligence and human factors. Technologies that may prove useful in computer-integrated documentation reviewed: these include conventional approaches to indexing and retrieval of information, use of hypertext, and knowledge-based artificial-intelligence systems.

WWW Entrez: A Hypertext Retrieval Tool for Molecular Biology.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Epstein, Jonathan A.; Kans, Jonathan A.; Schuler, Gregory D.

This article describes the World Wide Web (WWW) Entrez server which is based upon the National Center for Biotechnology Information's (NCBI) Entrez retrieval database and software. Entrez is a molecular sequence retrieval system that contains an integrated view of portions of Medline and all publicly available nucleotide and protein databases,…

Development and Evaluation of a Thai Learning System on the Web Using Natural Language Processing.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Dansuwan, Suyada; Nishina, Kikuko; Akahori, Kanji; Shimizu, Yasutaka

2001-01-01

Describes the Thai Learning System, which is designed to help learners acquire the Thai word order system. The system facilitates the lessons on the Web using HyperText Markup Language and Perl programming, which interfaces with natural language processing by means of Prolog. (Author/VWL)

Improving Internet Archive Service through Proxy Cache.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Yu, Hsiang-Fu; Chen, Yi-Ming; Wang, Shih-Yong; Tseng, Li-Ming

2003-01-01

Discusses file transfer protocol (FTP) servers for downloading archives (files with particular file extensions), and the change to HTTP (Hypertext transfer protocol) with increased Web use. Topics include the Archie server; proxy cache servers; and how to improve the hit rate of archives by a combination of caching and better searching mechanisms.…

On the Nets. Comparing Web Browsers: Mosaic, Cello, Netscape, WinWeb and InternetWorks Life.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Notess, Greg R.

1995-01-01

World Wide Web browsers are compared by speed, setup, hypertext transport protocol (HTTP) handling, management of file transfer protocol (FTP), telnet, gopher, and wide area information server (WAIS); bookmark options; and communication functions. Netscape has the most features, the fastest retrieval, sophisticated bookmark capabilities. (JMV)

Student Response to Hypermedia in the Lecture Theatre: A Case Study.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Conway, Damian

The Computer Science Department at Monash University (Victoria, Australia) recently began presenting lectures using projection of a hypertext system, HyperLecture, running on a notebook computer as the primary medium. This paper presents a statistical analysis of student reactions to this approach, focusing on the effects, as perceived by the…

Designing a Website to Support Students' Academic Writing Process

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Åberg, Eva Svärdemo; Ståhle, Ylva; Engdahl, Ingrid; Knutes-Nyqvist, Helen

2016-01-01

Academic writing skills are crucial when students, e.g., in teacher education programs, write their undergraduate theses. A multi-modal web-based and self-regulated learning resource on academic writing was developed, using texts, hypertext, moving images, podcasts and templates. A study, using surveys and a focus group, showed that students used…

When Practice Doesn't Make Perfect: Effects of Task Goals on Learning Computing Concepts

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Miller, Craig S.; Settle, Amber

2011-01-01

Specifying file references for hypertext links is an elementary competence that nevertheless draws upon core computational thinking concepts such as tree traversal and the distinction between relative and absolute references. In this article we explore the learning effects of different instructional strategies in the context of an introductory…

World-Wide Web: Adding Multimedia to Cyberspace.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Descy, Don E.

1994-01-01

Describes the World-Wide Web (WWW), a network information resource based on hypertext. How to access WWW browsers through remote login (telnet) or though free browser software, such as Mosaic, is provided. Eight information sources that can be accessed through the WWW are listed. The address of a listserv reporting on Internet developments is…

Overview of the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) (SIGs IA, USE).

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Daly, Janet

2000-01-01

Provides an overview of a planned session to describe the work of the World Wide Web Consortium, including technical specifications for HTML (Hypertext Markup Language), XML (Extensible Markup Language), CSS (Cascading Style Sheets), and over 20 other Web standards that address graphics, multimedia, privacy, metadata, and other technologies. (LRW)

Virtual digital library

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Thoma, George R.

1996-03-01

The virtual digital library, a concept that is quickly becoming a reality, offers rapid and geography-independent access to stores of text, images, graphics, motion video and other datatypes. Furthermore, a user may move from one information source to another through hypertext linkages. The projects described here further the notion of such an information paradigm from an end user viewpoint.

The Composition of Dramatic Experience: The Play Element in Student Electronic Projects.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Rouzie, Albert

2000-01-01

Analyzes two student group Hypertext projects and a MOO (multiuser domain, object-oriented) project. Finds the play element can enrich readerly experience through the creation of a dramatic experience of information. Suggests that composition instructors need to recognize the play element in computer-based composition and encourage the development…

WebNet 96 Conference Proceedings (San Francisco, California, October 15-19, 1996).

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Maurer, Hermann, Ed.

This proceedings contains 80 full papers, 12 posters/demonstrations, 108 short papers, one panel, and one tutorial, all focusing on World Wide Web applications. Topics include: designing hypertext navigation tools; Web site design; distance education via the Web; instructional design; the world-wide market and censorship on the Web; customer…

Hypertextual Ultrastructures: Movement and Containment in Texts and Hypertexts

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Coste, Rosemarie L.

2009-01-01

The surface-level experience of hypertextuality as formless and unbounded, blurring boundaries among texts and between readers and writers, is created by a deep structure which is not normally presented to readers and which, like the ultrastructure of living cells, defines and controls texts' nature and functions. Most readers, restricted to…

[Development of quality assurance/quality control web system in radiotherapy].

PubMed

Okamoto, Hiroyuki; Mochizuki, Toshihiko; Yokoyama, Kazutoshi; Wakita, Akihisa; Nakamura, Satoshi; Ueki, Heihachi; Shiozawa, Keiko; Sasaki, Koji; Fuse, Masashi; Abe, Yoshihisa; Itami, Jun

2013-12-01

Our purpose is to develop a QA/QC (quality assurance/quality control) web system using a server-side script language such as HTML (HyperText Markup Language) and PHP (Hypertext Preprocessor), which can be useful as a tool to share information about QA/QC in radiotherapy. The system proposed in this study can be easily built in one's own institute, because HTML can be easily handled. There are two desired functions in a QA/QC web system: (i) To review the results of QA/QC for a radiotherapy machine, manuals, and reports necessary for routinely performing radiotherapy through this system. By disclosing the results, transparency can be maintained, (ii) To reveal a protocol for QA/QC in one's own institute using pictures and movies relating to QA/QC for simplicity's sake, which can also be used as an educational tool for junior radiation technologists and medical physicists. By using this system, not only administrators, but also all staff involved in radiotherapy, can obtain information about the conditions and accuracy of treatment machines through the QA/QC web system.

The Written Text and Human Dialogue: Pedagogical Responses to the Age of Hypertext Media.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ehrhart, Donna J.; Boyd, Charley

In June 1995, New York's Genesee Community College hosted "The Written Text and Human Dialogue," a 4-week faculty development seminar for 30 professors in the humanities and technical disciplines across the United States. The seminar sought to explore the history of human communication and writing, to expand participants' knowledge of writing…

Enhancing L2 Vocabulary Acquisition through Implicit Reading Support Cues in E-books

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Liu, Yeu-Ting; Leveridge, Aubrey Neil

2017-01-01

Various explicit reading support cues, such as gloss, QR codes and hypertext annotation, have been embedded in e-books designed specifically for fostering various aspects of language development. However, explicit visual cues are not always reliably perceived as salient or effective by language learners. The current study explored the efficacy of…

Experience of Integrating Various Technological Tools into the Study and Future Teaching of Mathematics Education Students

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gorev, Dvora; Gurevich-Leibman, Irina

2015-01-01

This paper presents our experience of integrating technological tools into our mathematics teaching (in both disciplinary and didactic courses) for student-teachers. In the first cycle of our study, a variety of technological tools were used (e.g., dynamic software, hypertexts, video and applets) in teaching two disciplinary mathematics courses.…

Choose Your Own Adventure: A Hypertext Writing Experience.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Schulze, Patricia

The writing program described in this lesson plan guides students to plan an adventure story, write different endings to the story, and create web sites with the parts of the story hyperlinked to each other. During six to eight 50-minute lessons, students will: understand the structure of Choose Your Own Adventure stories; become familiar with the…

Reading Strategies in Hypertexts and Factors Influencing Hyperlink Selection

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Protopsaltis, Aristidis

2008-01-01

Previous work applying cognitive load theory has demonstrated the effect of various text/graphic/narration relations on learning using multimedia material. Other work has looked at how the degree of integration between the text and graphics influences their use. This study set out to look at how the degree of integration between text and graphics…

OTLA: A New Model for Online Teaching, Learning and Assessment in Higher Education

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ghilay, Yaron; Ghilay, Ruth

2013-01-01

The study examined a new asynchronous model for online teaching, learning and assessment, called OTLA. It is designed for higher-education institutions and is based on LMS (Learning Management System) as well as other relevant IT tools. The new model includes six digital basic components: text, hypertext, text reading, lectures (voice/video),…

Designing a Virtual Classroom for Distance Learning Students through the Internet.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bradshaw, Allen

Advantages to using the Internet to deliver instruction include the fact that Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) can be accessed on any computer, broadening the student base to anyone with an Internet browser and a PPP (Point-to-Point Protocol) account. In addition, instructions, lectures, and examples can be linked together for use as students need…

Examining Collective Authorship in Collaborative Writing Tasks through Digital Storytelling

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Sevilla-Pavón, Ana

2015-01-01

The advent of Web 2.0 has fostered the emergence of a new collaborative culture shared by internet users worldwide in which the notions of intertextuality and hypertext have evolved, resulting in the reconsideration of authors and their role in text production. It is becoming increasingly common to access, reinterpret and modify contents and texts…

The Electronic Library: The Student/Scholar Workstation, CD-ROM and Hypertext.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Triebwasser, Marc A.

Predicting that a large component of the library of the not so distant future will be an electronic network of file servers where information is stored for access by personal computer workstations in remote locations as well as the library, this paper discusses innovative computer technologies--particularly CD-ROM (Compact Disk-Read Only Memory)…

Incidental Learning of Links during Navigation: The Role of Visuo-Spatial Capacity

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Rouet, Jean-Francois; Voros, Zsofia; Pleh, Csaba

2012-01-01

We investigated the impact of readers' visuo-spatial (VS) capacity on their incidental learning of page links during the exploration of simple hierarchical hypertextual documents. Forty-three university students were asked to explore a series of hypertexts for a limited period of time. Then the participants were asked to recall the layout and the…

Web-Writing in One Minute--and Beyond.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hughes, Kenneth

This paper describes how librarians can teach patrons the basics of hypertext markup language (HTML) so that patrons can publish their own homepages on the World Wide Web. With proper use of handouts and practice time afterwards, the three basics of HTML can be conveyed in only 60 seconds. The three basics are: the basic template of Web tags, used…

Building E-Based Literacy for Vocational Education and Training Students

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Verezub, Elena; Grossi, Vittoria; Howard, Kerry; Watkins, Patricia

2008-01-01

The use of the Internet within educational settings means that the term "literacy" must be broadened to encompass new skills and reflect the merging of old and new literacy. For practitioners the challenge lies in making new media meaningful and empowering for students. Whilst interacting with hypertext has received much attention over the last…

Online Survey, Enrollment, and Examination: Special Internet Applications in Teacher Education.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Tu, Jho-Ju; Babione, Carolyn; Chen, Hsin-Chu

The Teachers College at Emporia State University in Kansas is now utilizing World Wide Web technology for automating the application procedure for student teaching. The general concepts and some of the key terms that are important for understanding the process involved in this project include: a client-server model, HyperText Markup Language,…

Links to the Past: Creating Hypertext Dialogues Drawn from Narrative History Collections. Learning Page Lesson Plan.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Richardson, Colette; Davidson, Steve

This lesson plan asks students to use documents from "California As I Saw It: First Person Narratives, 1849-1900," in the American Memory Project to create a script depicting the motivations, expectations, fears, and realizations of immigrants who settled California between 1849 and 1900. According to the lesson plan, "California As…

Leveraging Learning Technologies for Collaborative Writing in an Online Pharmacotherapy Course

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Pittenger, Amy L.; Olson-Kellogg, Becky

2012-01-01

The purpose of this project was to evaluate the development and delivery of a hypertext case scenario document to be used as the capstone assessment tool for doctoral-level physical therapy students. The integration of Web-based collaborative tools (PBworks[TM] and Google Sites[TM]) allowed students in this all-online course to apply their…

The Effects of Hypertext Glosses on L2 Vocabulary Acquisition: A Meta-Analysis

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Yun, Jee Hwan

2010-01-01

In the field of second language acquisition (SLA), "comprehensible input" (Krashen, 1985) has been considered a critical factor to help learners acquire foreign and second languages (L2). From this perspective, the notion of extensive or free voluntary reading (Day & Bamford, 1998; Krashen, 1993) has emerged that L2 learners should be given more…

Getting Graphic with the Past: Graphic Novels and the Teaching of History

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Cromer, Michael; Clark, Penney

2007-01-01

This article explores the potential of the graphic novel as a means to approach history and historiography in secondary school social studies and history classrooms. Because graphic novels convey their messages through the interaction of visuals and written text, they require reading that is across the grain. They have been likened to hypertext, a…

Highly Interactive WWW Services: A New Type of Information Sources.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Vanouplines, Patrick; Nieuwenhuysen, P.

The World Wide Web is evolving from a collection of texts linked by hypertext and hypermedia toward services that operate interactively with the information user, and which offer results through use of a broad spectrum of tools. This paper presents a collection of interactive WWW services. The services are classified on the basis of the client…

Hypertext Glosses for Foreign Language Reading Comprehension and Vocabulary Acquisition: Effects of Assessment Methods

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Chen, I-Jung

2016-01-01

This study compared how three different gloss modes affected college students' L2 reading comprehension and vocabulary acquisition. The study also compared how results on comprehension and vocabulary acquisition may differ depending on the four assessment methods used. A between-subjects design was employed with three groups of Mandarin-speaking…

XML: A Language To Manage the World Wide Web. ERIC Digest.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Davis-Tanous, Jennifer R.

This digest provides an overview of XML (Extensible Markup Language), a markup language used to construct World Wide Web pages. Topics addressed include: (1) definition of a markup language, including comparison of XML with SGML (Standard Generalized Markup Language) and HTML (HyperText Markup Language); (2) how XML works, including sample tags,…

4D reconstruction of the past

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Doulamis, Anastasios; Ioannides, Marinos; Doulamis, Nikolaos; Hadjiprocopis, Andreas; Fritsch, Dieter; Balet, Olivier; Julien, Martine; Protopapadakis, Eftychios; Makantasis, Kostas; Weinlinger, Guenther; Johnsons, Paul S.; Klein, Michael; Fellner, Dieter; Stork, Andre; Santos, Pedro

2013-08-01

One of the main characteristics of the Internet era we are living in, is the free and online availability of a huge amount of data. This data is of varied reliability and accuracy and exists in various forms and formats. Often, it is cross-referenced and linked to other data, forming a nexus of text, images, animation and audio enabled by hypertext and, recently, by the Web3.0 standard. Search engines can search text for keywords using algorithms of varied intelligence and with limited success. Searching images is a much more complex and computationally intensive task but some initial steps have already been made in this direction, mainly in face recognition. This paper aims to describe our proposed pipeline for integrating data available on Internet repositories and social media, such as photographs, animation and text to produce 3D models of archaeological monuments as well as enriching multimedia of cultural / archaeological interest with metadata and harvesting the end products to EUROPEANA. Our main goal is to enable historians, architects, archaeologists, urban planners and affiliated professionals to reconstruct views of historical monuments from thousands of images floating around the web.

The Brink of Change: Gender in Technology-Rich Collaborative Learning Environments

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Goldstein, Jessica; Puntambekar, Sadhana

2004-12-01

This study was designed to contribute to a small but growing body of knowledge on the influence of gender in technology-rich collaborative learning environments. The study examined middle school students' attitudes towards using computers and working in groups during scientific inquiry. Students' attitudes towards technology and group work were analyzed using questionnaires. To add depth to the findings from the survey research, the role of gender was also investigated through the analysis of student conversations in the context of two activities: exploring science information on a hypertext text and conducting hands-on investigations. The data suggest that not only are girls and boys are similar with regard to attitudes about computers and group work, but that during collaborative learning activities, girls may actually participate more actively and persistently regardless of the nature of the task.

Computer-assisted knowledge acquisition for hypermedia systems

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Steuck, Kurt

1990-01-01

The usage of procedural and declarative knowledge to set up the structure or 'web' of a hypermedia environment is described. An automated knowledge acquisition tool was developed that helps a knowledge engineer elicit and represent an expert's knowledge involved in performing procedural tasks. The tool represents both procedural and prerequisite, declarative knowledge that supports each activity performed by the expert. This knowledge is output and subsequently read by a hypertext scripting language to generate the link between blank, but labeled cards. Each step of the expert's activity and each piece of supporting declarative knowledge is set up as an empty node. An instructional developer can then enter detailed instructional material concerning each step and declarative knowledge into these empty nodes. Other research is also described that facilitates the translation of knowledge from one form into a form more readily useable by computerized systems.

Real-Time Payload Control and Monitoring on the World Wide Web

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Sun, Charles; Windrem, May; Givens, John J. (Technical Monitor)

1998-01-01

World Wide Web (W3) technologies such as the Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) and the Java object-oriented programming environment offer a powerful, yet relatively inexpensive, framework for distributed application software development. This paper describes the design of a real-time payload control and monitoring system that was developed with W3 technologies at NASA Ames Research Center. Based on Java Development Toolkit (JDK) 1.1, the system uses an event-driven "publish and subscribe" approach to inter-process communication and graphical user-interface construction. A C Language Integrated Production System (CLIPS) compatible inference engine provides the back-end intelligent data processing capability, while Oracle Relational Database Management System (RDBMS) provides the data management function. Preliminary evaluation shows acceptable performance for some classes of payloads, with Java's portability and multimedia support identified as the most significant benefit.

The World Wide Web: a review of an emerging internet-based technology for the distribution of biomedical information.

PubMed Central

Lowe, H J; Lomax, E C; Polonkey, S E

1996-01-01

The Internet is rapidly evolving from a resource used primarily by the research community to a true global information network offering a wide range of databases and services. This evolution presents many opportunities for improved access to biomedical information, but Internet-based resources have often been difficult for the non-expert to develop and use. The World Wide Web (WWW) supports an inexpensive, easy-to-use, cross-platform, graphic interface to the Internet that may radically alter the way we retrieve and disseminate medical data. This paper summarizes the Internet and hypertext origins of the WWW, reviews WWW-specific technologies, and describes current and future applications of this technology in medicine and medical informatics. The paper also includes an appendix of useful biomedical WWW servers. PMID:8750386

[School blogs about sexuality: an exploratory documentary study].

PubMed

Valli, Gabriela Petró; Cogo, Ana Luísa Petersen

2013-09-01

The objective was to analyze the structure of school blogs on sexuality and their utilization by adolescents. This quantitative, exploratory and documentary study was performed with 11 blogs designed by students and available online in March of 2012. The information was submitted to hypertext analysis and descriptive statistics, taking research ethics norms into consideration. Group and education blogs developed in Portuguese and Brazilian schools were most often signed by their authors and suffered few updates. The written posts mixed scientific and informal languages, besides presenting videos and images. Every blog included information regarding the number of followers, visits, comments and a contact to answer questions. The highlighted discussed topics were birth control methods and sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). Blogs are a resource for health education that should promote active discussions and rely on the participation of health care professionals.

Textual Practitioners: A Comparison of Hypertext Theory and Phenomenology of Reading

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Carusi, Annamaria

2006-01-01

The article is an exploration of online reading from the perspective of theories of reading and interpretation based on literary theory and the phenomenology of reading literary text. One of its aims is to show that such theories can make a contribution to our understanding of reading and to our design of online reading spaces. The precursor of…

Building the Service-Based Library Web Site: A Step-by-Step Guide to Design and Options.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Garlock, Kristen L.; Piontek, Sherry

The World Wide Web, with its captivating multimedia features and hypertext capabilities, has brought millions of new users to the Internet. Library staff who could create a home page on the Web could present basic information about the library and its services, showcase its resources, create links to quality material inside and outside the…

Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the Association for Education in Journalism and Mass Communication (84th, Washington, DC, August 5-8, 2001). Communication Technology and Policy Division.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Association for Education in Journalism and Mass Communication.

The Communication Technology and Policy section of the proceedings contains the following 6 selected papers: "Interactivity as a Cognitive Process" (Mark Tremayne and Sharon Dunwoody); "Breaking Up News--An Investment in the Future? Correlations among Hypertext Comfort, User Satisfaction and Perceived Credibility" (Stephanie…

Computer-Based and Paper-Based Reading Comprehension in Adolescents with Typical Language Development and Language-Learning Disabilities

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Srivastava, Pradyumn; Gray, Shelley

2012-01-01

Purpose: With the global expansion of technology, our reading platform has shifted from traditional text to hypertext, yet little consideration has been given to how this shift might help or hinder students' reading comprehension. The purpose of this study was to compare reading comprehension of computer-based and paper-based texts in adolescents…

Benefits and Pitfalls of Using HTML as a CD-ROM Development Tool.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Misanchuk, Earl R.; Schwier, Richard A.

The hypertext markup language (HTML) used to develop pages for the world wide web also has potential for use in creating some types of multimedia instruction destined for CD-ROMs. After providing a brief overview of HTML, this document presents pros and cons relevant to CD-ROM production. HTML can offer compatibility to both Windows and Macintosh…

Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the Association for Education in Journalism and Mass Communication (82nd, New Orleans, Louisiana, August 3-8, 1999). Qualitative Studies.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Association for Education in Journalism and Mass Communication.

The Qualitative Studies section of the Proceedings contains the following 14 papers: "Disabling or Enabling? Reading Bodies, Technologies, and the Borg of Star Trek" (Mia Consalvo); "Inverted Pyramids Versus Hypertexts: A Qualitative Study of Readers' Responses to Competing Narrative Forms" (Robert Huesca, Brenda Dervin, John…

The Implementation of Hypertext-Based Learning Media for a Local Cultural Based Learning

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kesiman, Made Windu Antara; Agustini, Ketut

2012-01-01

By studying and analyzing thoroughly the aspects of Indonesian culture, we may find many concepts of local wisdom that have been practiced in daily life of Indonesian people that can be beneficial for Information Technology study. Subak is a Balinese organization of irrigation systems, and is one example of local wisdom known widely in the world.…

Design of Open Content Social Learning That Increases Learning Efficiency and Engagement Based on Open Pedagogy

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

John, Benneaser; Thavavel, V.; Jayaraj, Jayakumar; Muthukumar, A.; Jeevanandam, Poornaselvan Kittu

2016-01-01

Academic writing skills are crucial when students, e.g., in teacher education programs, write their undergraduate theses. A multi-modal web-based and self-regulated learning resource on academic writing was developed, using texts, hypertext, moving images, podcasts and templates. A study, using surveys and a focus group, showed that students used…

Portability and Usability of Open Educational Resources on Mobile Devices: A Study in the Context of Brazilian Educational Portals and Android-Based Devices

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

da Silva, André Constantino; Freire, Fernanda Maria Pereira; Mourão, Vitor Hugo Miranda; da Cruz, Márcio Diógenes de Oliveira; da Rocha, Heloísa Vieira

2014-01-01

Open Educational Resources (OER) are freely accessible, openly licensed hypertext, audio, video, simulations, games and animations that are useful for teaching and learning purposes. In order to facilitate the location of such resources, educational content portals are being created, crowding contents that were produced by different teams with…

Scanning and Deep Processing of Information in Hypertext: An Eye Tracking and Cued Retrospective Think-Aloud Study

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Salmerón, L.; Naumann, J.; García, V.; Fajardo, I.

2017-01-01

When students solve problems on the Internet, they have to find a balance between quickly scanning large sections of information in web pages and deeply processing those that are relevant for the task. We studied how high school students articulate scanning and deeper processing of information while answering questions using a Wikipedia document,…

Ship to Shore Data Communication and Prioritization

DTIC Science & Technology

2011-12-01

First Out FTP File Transfer Protocol GCCS-M Global Command and Control System Maritime HAIPE High Assurance Internet Protocol Encryptor HTTP Hypertext...Transfer Protocol (world wide web protocol ) IBS Integrated Bar Code System IDEF0 Integration Definition IER Information Exchange Requirements...INTEL Intelligence IP Internet Protocol IPT Integrated Product Team ISEA In-Service Engineering Agent ISNS Integrated Shipboard Network System IT

A radiology department intranet: development and applications.

PubMed

Willing, S J; Berland, L L

1999-01-01

An intranet is a "private Internet" that uses the protocols of the World Wide Web to share information resources within a company or with the company's business partners and clients. The hardware requirements for an intranet begin with a dedicated Web server permanently connected to the departmental network. The heart of a Web server is the hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP) service, which receives a page request from a client's browser and transmits the page back to the client. Although knowledge of hypertext markup language (HTML) is not essential for authoring a Web page, a working familiarity with HTML is useful, as is knowledge of programming and database management. Security can be ensured by using scripts to write information in hidden fields or by means of "cookies." Interfacing databases and database management systems with the Web server and conforming the user interface to HTML syntax can be achieved by means of the common gateway interface (CGI), Active Server Pages (ASP), or other methods. An intranet in a radiology department could include the following types of content: on-call schedules, work schedules and a calendar, a personnel directory, resident resources, memorandums and discussion groups, software for a radiology information system, and databases.

Using GOMS models and hypertext to create representations of medical procedures for online display

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Gugerty, Leo; Halgren, Shannon; Gosbee, John; Rudisill, Marianne

1991-01-01

This study investigated two methods to improve organization and presentation of computer-based medical procedures. A literature review suggested that the GOMS (goals, operators, methods, and selecton rules) model can assist in rigorous task analysis, which can then help generate initial design ideas for the human-computer interface. GOMS model are hierarchical in nature, so this study also investigated the effect of hierarchical, hypertext interfaces. We used a 2 x 2 between subjects design, including the following independent variables: procedure organization - GOMS model based vs. medical-textbook based; navigation type - hierarchical vs. linear (booklike). After naive subjects studies the online procedures, measures were taken of their memory for the content and the organization of the procedures. This design was repeated for two medical procedures. For one procedure, subjects who studied GOMS-based and hierarchical procedures remembered more about the procedures than other subjects. The results for the other procedure were less clear. However, data for both procedures showed a 'GOMSification effect'. That is, when asked to do a free recall of a procedure, subjects who had studies a textbook procedure often recalled key information in a location inconsistent with the procedure they actually studied, but consistent with the GOMS-based procedure.

Development and evaluation of a dynamic web-based application.

PubMed

Hsieh, Yichuan; Brennan, Patricia Flatley

2007-10-11

Traditional consumer health informatics (CHI) applications that were developed for lay public on the Web were commonly written in a Hypertext Markup Language (HTML). As genetics knowledge rapidly advances and requires updating information in a timely fashion, a different content structure is therefore needed to facilitate information delivery. This poster will present the process of developing a dynamic database-driven Web CHI application.

Bibliometrics of the World Wide Web: An Exploratory Analysis of the Intellectual Structure of Cyberspace.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Larson, Ray R.

1996-01-01

Examines the bibliometrics of the World Wide Web based on analysis of Web pages collected by the Inktomi "Web Crawler" and on the use of the DEC AltaVista search engine for cocitation analysis of a set of Earth Science related Web sites. Looks at the statistical characteristics of Web documents and their hypertext links, and the…

Toward Effective and Compelling Instruction for High School eCommerce Students: Results from a Small Field Study

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Luterbach, Kenneth J.; Rodriguez, Diane; Love, Lakecia

2012-01-01

This paper describes an instructional development effort to create effective and compelling instruction for eCommerce students. Results from a small field study inform the development project. Four high school students in an eCommerce course completed the standalone tutorial developed to teach them how to create a web page in the HyperText Markup…

[Radiology information system using HTML, JavaScript, and Web server].

PubMed

Sone, M; Sasaki, M; Oikawa, H; Yoshioka, K; Ehara, S; Tamakawa, Y

1997-12-01

We have developed a radiology information system using intranet techniques, including hypertext markup language, JavaScript, and Web server. JavaScript made it possible to develop an easy-to-use application, as well as to reduce network traffic and load on the server. The system we have developed is inexpensive and flexible, and its development and maintenance are much easier than with the previous system.

DefEX: Hands-On Cyber Defense Exercise for Undergraduate Students

DTIC Science & Technology

2011-07-01

Injection, and 4) File Upload. Next, the students patched the associated flawed Perl and PHP Hypertext Preprocessor ( PHP ) code. Finally, students...underlying script. The Zora XSS vulnerability existed in a PHP file that echoed unfiltered user input back to the screen. To eliminate the...vulnerability, students filtered the input using the PHP htmlentities function and retested the code. The htmlentities function translates certain ambiguous

PORIDGE: Postmodern Rhizomatics in Digitally Generated Environments--Do We Need a Metatheory for W3?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wallmannsberger, Josef

1994-01-01

Discusses the World Wide Web (W3) and its relevance to a philosophy of science. Topics include PORIDGE, an electronically mediated encyclopedia of postmodern knowledge; hypertext mark-up language; W3 as a medium for information ecologies; the relationship between W3 and the user; social manufacture of knowledge; and W3 as a model. (29 references)…

Keys and the crisis in taxonomy: extinction or reinvention?

PubMed

Walter, David Evans; Winterton, Shaun

2007-01-01

Dichotomous keys that follow a single pathway of character state choices to an end point have been the primary tools for the identification of unknown organisms for more than two centuries. However, a revolution in computer diagnostics is now under way that may result in the replacement of traditional keys by matrix-based computer interactive keys that have many paths to a correct identification and make extensive use of hypertext to link to images, glossaries, and other support material. Progress is also being made on replacing keys entirely by optical matching of specimens to digital databases and DNA sequences. These new tools may go some way toward alleviating the taxonomic impediment to biodiversity studies and other ecological and evolutionary research, especially with better coordination between those who produce keys and those who use them and by integrating interactive keys into larger biological Web sites.

Web Transfer Over Satellites Being Improved

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Allman, Mark

1999-01-01

Extensive research conducted by NASA Lewis Research Center's Satellite Networks and Architectures Branch and the Ohio University has demonstrated performance improvements in World Wide Web transfers over satellite-based networks. The use of a new version of the Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) reduced the time required to load web pages over a single Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) connection traversing a satellite channel. However, an older technique of simultaneously making multiple requests of a given server has been shown to provide even faster transfer time. Unfortunately, the use of multiple simultaneous requests has been shown to be harmful to the network in general. Therefore, we are developing new mechanisms for the HTTP protocol which may allow a single request at any given time to perform as well as, or better than, multiple simultaneous requests. In the course of study, we also demonstrated that the time for web pages to load is at least as short via a satellite link as it is via a standard 28.8-kbps dialup modem channel. This demonstrates that satellites are a viable means of accessing the Internet.

Producing a Data Dictionary from an Extensible Markup Language (XML) Schemain the Global Force Management Data Initiative

DTIC Science & Technology

2017-02-01

entity relationship (diagram) EwID Enterprise-wide Identifier FMID Force Management Identifier GFM Global Force Management HTML Hypertext Markup Language... Management Data Initiative by Frederick S Brundick Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. NOTICES Disclaimers The findings in this report...Schema in the Global Force Management Data Initiative by Frederick S Brundick Computing and Information Sciences Directorate, ARL Approved for public

Unclassified Information Sharing and Coordination in Security, Stabilization, Transition and Reconstruction Efforts

DTIC Science & Technology

2008-03-01

is implemented using the Drupal (2007) content management system (CMS) and many of the baseline information sharing and collaboration tools have...been contributed through the Dru- pal open source community. Drupal is a very modular open source software written in PHP hypertext processor...needed to suit the particular problem domain. While other frameworks have the potential to provide similar advantages (“Ruby,” 2007), Drupal was

Learning About The Internet Bibliography And Beginner’s Guide

DTIC Science & Technology

1994-01-01

are eight parts to this document, all beginning with the acadlist. Strangelove, Michael, comp. "Directory of Electronic Journals and Newsletters/X^l...WEB World Wide Web (WWW) is a tool that merges the techniques of information retrieval and hypertext to make an easy but powerful global information...data and changes in theories . Sometimes, conversation helps to clarify articles, illuminate new perceptions of theories , and sustain us through our

Distance education through the Internet: the GNA-VSNS biocomputing course.

PubMed

de la Vega, F M; Giegerich, R; Fuellen, G

1996-01-01

A prototype course on biocomputing was delivered via international computer networks in early summer 1995. The course lasted 11 weeks, and was offered free of charge. It was organized by the BioComputing Division of the Virtual School of Natural Sciences, which is a member school of the Globewide Network Academy. It brought together 34 students and 7 instructors from all over the world, and covered the basics of sequence analysis. Five authors from Germany and USA prepared a hypertext book which was discussed in weekly study sessions that took place in a virtual classroom at the BioMOO electronic conferencing system. The course aimed at students with backgrounds in molecular biology, biomedicine or computer science, complementing and extending their skills with an interdisciplinary curriculum. Special emphasis was placed on the use of Internet resources, and the development of new teaching tools. The hypertext book includes direct links to sequence analysis and databank search services on the Internet. A tool for the interactive visualization of unit-cost pairwise sequence alignment was developed for the course. All course material will stay accessible at the World Wide Web address (Uniform Resource Locator) http://+www.techfak.uni-bielefeld.de/bcd/welcome .html. This paper describes the aims and organization of the course, and gives a preliminary account of this novel experience in distance education.

The Protein Disease Database of human body fluids: II. Computer methods and data issues.

PubMed

Lemkin, P F; Orr, G A; Goldstein, M P; Creed, G J; Myrick, J E; Merril, C R

1995-01-01

The Protein Disease Database (PDD) is a relational database of proteins and diseases. With this database it is possible to screen for quantitative protein abnormalities associated with disease states. These quantitative relationships use data drawn from the peer-reviewed biomedical literature. Assays may also include those observed in high-resolution electrophoretic gels that offer the potential to quantitate many proteins in a single test as well as data gathered by enzymatic or immunologic assays. We are using the Internet World Wide Web (WWW) and the Web browser paradigm as an access method for wide distribution and querying of the Protein Disease Database. The WWW hypertext transfer protocol and its Common Gateway Interface make it possible to build powerful graphical user interfaces that can support easy-to-use data retrieval using query specification forms or images. The details of these interactions are totally transparent to the users of these forms. Using a client-server SQL relational database, user query access, initial data entry and database maintenance are all performed over the Internet with a Web browser. We discuss the underlying design issues, mapping mechanisms and assumptions that we used in constructing the system, data entry, access to the database server, security, and synthesis of derived two-dimensional gel image maps and hypertext documents resulting from SQL database searches.

Cell Line Data Base: structure and recent improvements towards molecular authentication of human cell lines

PubMed Central

Romano, Paolo; Manniello, Assunta; Aresu, Ottavia; Armento, Massimiliano; Cesaro, Michela; Parodi, Barbara

2009-01-01

The Cell Line Data Base (CLDB) is a well-known reference information source on human and animal cell lines including information on more than 6000 cell lines. Main biological features are coded according to controlled vocabularies derived from international lists and taxonomies. HyperCLDB (http://bioinformatics.istge.it/hypercldb/) is a hypertext version of CLDB that improves data accessibility by also allowing information retrieval through web spiders. Access to HyperCLDB is provided through indexes of biological characteristics and navigation in the hypertext is granted by many internal links. HyperCLDB also includes links to external resources. Recently, an interest was raised for a reference nomenclature for cell lines and CLDB was seen as an authoritative system. Furthermore, to overcome the cell line misidentification problem, molecular authentication methods, such as fingerprinting, single-locus short tandem repeat (STR) profile and single nucleotide polymorphisms validation, were proposed. Since this data is distributed, a reference portal on authentication of human cell lines is needed. We present here the architecture and contents of CLDB, its recent enhancements and perspectives. We also present a new related database, the Cell Line Integrated Molecular Authentication (CLIMA) database (http://bioinformatics.istge.it/clima/), that allows to link authentication data to actual cell lines. PMID:18927105

Cell Line Data Base: structure and recent improvements towards molecular authentication of human cell lines.

PubMed

Romano, Paolo; Manniello, Assunta; Aresu, Ottavia; Armento, Massimiliano; Cesaro, Michela; Parodi, Barbara

2009-01-01

The Cell Line Data Base (CLDB) is a well-known reference information source on human and animal cell lines including information on more than 6000 cell lines. Main biological features are coded according to controlled vocabularies derived from international lists and taxonomies. HyperCLDB (http://bioinformatics.istge.it/hypercldb/) is a hypertext version of CLDB that improves data accessibility by also allowing information retrieval through web spiders. Access to HyperCLDB is provided through indexes of biological characteristics and navigation in the hypertext is granted by many internal links. HyperCLDB also includes links to external resources. Recently, an interest was raised for a reference nomenclature for cell lines and CLDB was seen as an authoritative system. Furthermore, to overcome the cell line misidentification problem, molecular authentication methods, such as fingerprinting, single-locus short tandem repeat (STR) profile and single nucleotide polymorphisms validation, were proposed. Since this data is distributed, a reference portal on authentication of human cell lines is needed. We present here the architecture and contents of CLDB, its recent enhancements and perspectives. We also present a new related database, the Cell Line Integrated Molecular Authentication (CLIMA) database (http://bioinformatics.istge.it/clima/), that allows to link authentication data to actual cell lines.

Intelligent retrieval of medical images from the Internet

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tang, Yau-Kuo; Chiang, Ted T.

1996-05-01

The object of this study is using Internet resources to provide a cost-effective, user-friendly method to access the medical image archive system and to provide an easy method for the user to identify the images required. This paper describes the prototype system architecture, the implementation, and results. In the study, we prototype the Intelligent Medical Image Retrieval (IMIR) system as a Hypertext Transport Prototype server and provide Hypertext Markup Language forms for user, as an Internet client, using browser to enter image retrieval criteria for review. We are developing the intelligent retrieval engine, with the capability to map the free text search criteria to the standard terminology used for medical image identification. We evaluate retrieved records based on the number of the free text entries matched and their relevance level to the standard terminology. We are in the integration and testing phase. We have collected only a few different types of images for testing and have trained a few phrases to map the free text to the standard medical terminology. Nevertheless, we are able to demonstrate the IMIR's ability to search, retrieve, and review medical images from the archives using general Internet browser. The prototype also uncovered potential problems in performance, security, and accuracy. Additional studies and enhancements will make the system clinically operational.

Microprocessor-controlled, wide-range streak camera

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Amy E. Lewis, Craig Hollabaugh

Bechtel Nevada/NSTec recently announced deployment of their fifth generation streak camera. This camera incorporates many advanced features beyond those currently available for streak cameras. The arc-resistant driver includes a trigger lockout mechanism, actively monitors input trigger levels, and incorporates a high-voltage fault interrupter for user safety and tube protection. The camera is completely modular and may deflect over a variable full-sweep time of 15 nanoseconds to 500 microseconds. The camera design is compatible with both large- and small-format commercial tubes from several vendors. The embedded microprocessor offers Ethernet connectivity, and XML [extensible markup language]-based configuration management with non-volatile parameter storagemore » using flash-based storage media. The camera’s user interface is platform-independent (Microsoft Windows, Unix, Linux, Macintosh OSX) and is accessible using an AJAX [asynchronous Javascript and XML]-equipped modem browser, such as Internet Explorer 6, Firefox, or Safari. User interface operation requires no installation of client software or browser plug-in technology. Automation software can also access the camera configuration and control using HTTP [hypertext transfer protocol]. The software architecture supports multiple-simultaneous clients, multiple cameras, and multiple module access with a standard browser. The entire user interface can be customized.« less

A transmission security framework for email-based telemedicine.

PubMed

Caffery, Liam J; Smith, Anthony C

2010-01-01

Encryption is used to convert an email message to an unreadable format thereby securing patient privacy during the transmission of the message across the Internet. Two available means of encryption are: public key infrastructure (PKI) used in conjunction with ordinary email and secure hypertext transfer protocol (HTTPS) used by secure web-mail applications. Both of these approaches have advantages and disadvantages in terms of viability, cost, usability and compliance. The aim of this study was develop an instrument to identify the most appropriate means of encrypting email communication for telemedicine. A multi-method approach was used to construct the instrument. Technical assessment and existing bodies of knowledge regarding the utility of PKI were analyzed, along with survey results from users of Queensland Health's Child and Youth Mental Health Service secure web-mail service. The resultant decision support model identified that the following conditions affect the choice of encryption technology: correspondent's risk perception, correspondent's identification to the security afforded by encryption, email-client used by correspondents, the tolerance to human error and the availability of technical resources. A decision support model is presented as a flow chart to identify the most appropriate encryption for a specific email-based telemedicine service.

Microprocessor-controlled wide-range streak camera

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lewis, Amy E.; Hollabaugh, Craig

2006-08-01

Bechtel Nevada/NSTec recently announced deployment of their fifth generation streak camera. This camera incorporates many advanced features beyond those currently available for streak cameras. The arc-resistant driver includes a trigger lockout mechanism, actively monitors input trigger levels, and incorporates a high-voltage fault interrupter for user safety and tube protection. The camera is completely modular and may deflect over a variable full-sweep time of 15 nanoseconds to 500 microseconds. The camera design is compatible with both large- and small-format commercial tubes from several vendors. The embedded microprocessor offers Ethernet connectivity, and XML [extensible markup language]-based configuration management with non-volatile parameter storage using flash-based storage media. The camera's user interface is platform-independent (Microsoft Windows, Unix, Linux, Macintosh OSX) and is accessible using an AJAX [asynchronous Javascript and XML]-equipped modem browser, such as Internet Explorer 6, Firefox, or Safari. User interface operation requires no installation of client software or browser plug-in technology. Automation software can also access the camera configuration and control using HTTP [hypertext transfer protocol]. The software architecture supports multiple-simultaneous clients, multiple cameras, and multiple module access with a standard browser. The entire user interface can be customized.

Migration of the Three-dimensional Wind Field (3DWF) Model from Linux to Windows and Mobile Platforms

DTIC Science & Technology

2017-11-01

7 Fig. 10 Build executable code ........................................................................... 8 Fig. 11 3DWF GUI’s main web ...can be designed in any Windows operating system with internet access via Microsoft’s Internet Explorer (IE) web browser. For this particular project...Therefore, it is advised to have network security safeguards in place and operate only in a trusted PC. The GUI’s Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) web

Data Archival and Retrieval Enhancement (DARE) Metadata Modeling and Its User Interface

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hyon, Jason J.; Borgen, Rosana B.

1996-01-01

The Defense Nuclear Agency (DNA) has acquired terabytes of valuable data which need to be archived and effectively distributed to the entire nuclear weapons effects community and others...This paper describes the DARE (Data Archival and Retrieval Enhancement) metadata model and explains how it is used as a source for generating HyperText Markup Language (HTML)or Standard Generalized Markup Language (SGML) documents for access through web browsers such as Netscape.

Automating Information Assurance for Cyber Situational Awareness within a Smart Cloud System of Systems

DTIC Science & Technology

2014-03-01

Humanitarian Assistance and Disaster Relief HTML HyperText Markup Language IA Information Assurance IAI Israel Aerospace Industries IASA Information ...decision maker at the Command and Control “mini cloud” was of upmost interest . This discussion not only confirmed the need to have information ...2) monitoring for specific cyber attacks on a specified system, (3) alerting information of interest to an operator, and finally (4) allowing the

Hypertext: Improved Capability for Shipboard Naval Messages

DTIC Science & Technology

1989-09-01

message handling system; a complete working model of the system has not been developed . 3 D. ORGANIZATION OF STUDY 1. The "Paperless" Ship Initiative...work in tandem to improve afloat message handling procedures. The objective of the PCMT project is to develop a system that could be installed on...working group has identified a list of requirements to guide the DoD’s progress towards improving its message communication system. These

Learning Asset Technology Integration Support Tool Design Document

DTIC Science & Technology

2010-05-11

language known as Hypertext Preprocessor ( PHP ) and by MySQL – a relational database management system that can also be used for content management. It...Requirements The LATIST tool will be implemented utilizing a WordPress platform with MySQL as the database. Also the LATIST system must effectively work... MySQL . When designing the LATIST system there are several considerations which must be accounted for in the working prototype. These include: • DAU

The New Logic of Hypertext: Electronic Documents, Literary Theory, and Air Force Publications

DTIC Science & Technology

1996-12-01

Technology, 1991. Derrida , Jaques , "Living On," in Deconstruction and Criticism, Ed. Harold Bloom. New York: Seabury Press, 1979. "Signature Event Context...dangerous fagade hiding the essential interconnectedness of all texts. Derrida , perhaps the leading voice of the deconstructionist critics (and a writer...to it.... ( Derrida , 1979:83-84) The deconstructionists were committed to breaking down the deceptive "boundaries" that appeared to isolate a text from

Spectroscopic data for an astronomy database

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Parkinson, W. H.; Smith, Peter L.

1995-01-01

Very few of the atomic and molecular data used in analyses of astronomical spectra are currently available in World Wide Web (WWW) databases that are searchable with hypertext browsers. We have begun to rectify this situation by making extensive atomic data files available with simple search procedures. We have also established links to other on-line atomic and molecular databases. All can be accessed from our database homepage with URL: http:// cfa-www.harvard.edu/ amp/ data/ amdata.html.

Locating and Searching Electronic Documents: A User Study of Supply Publications in the United States Marine Corps

DTIC Science & Technology

2007-12-01

Boyle, “Important issues in hypertext documentation usability,” In Proceedings of the 9th Annual international Conference on Systems Documentation...Tufte’s principles of information design to creating effective Web sites.” In Proceedings of the 15th Annual international Conference on Computer...usability,” In Proceedings of the 9th Annual international Conference on Systems Documentation (Chicago, Illinois, 1991). SIGDOC 󈨟. ACM, New York, NY

Utilizing inheritance in requirements engineering

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Kaindl, Hermann

1994-01-01

The scope of this paper is the utilization of inheritance for requirements specification, i.e., the tasks of analyzing and modeling the domain, as well as forming and defining requirements. Our approach and the tool supporting it are named RETH (Requirements Engineering Through Hypertext). Actually, RETH uses a combination of various technologies, including object-oriented approaches and artificial intelligence (in particular frames). We do not attempt to exclude or replace formal representations, but try to complement and provide means for gradually developing them. Among others, RETH has been applied in the CERN (Conseil Europeen pour la Rechereche Nucleaire) Cortex project. While it would be impossible to explain this project in detail here, it should be sufficient to know that it deals with a generic distributed control system. Since this project is not finished yet, it is difficult to state its size precisely. In order to give an idea, its final goal is to substitute the many existing similar control systems at CERN by this generic approach. Currently, RETH is also tested using real-world requirements for the Pastel Mission Planning System at ESOC in Darmstadt. First, we outline how hypertext is integrated into a frame system in our approach. Moreover, the usefulness of inheritance is demonstrated as performed by the tool RETH. We then summarize our experiences of utilizing inheritance in the Cortex project. Lastly, RETH will be related to existing work.

Development of multimedia learning based inquiry on vibration and wave material

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Madeali, H.; Prahani, B. K.

2018-03-01

This study aims to develop multimedia learning based inquiry that is interesting, easy to understand by students and streamline the time of teachers in bringing the teaching materials as well as feasible to be used in learning the physics subject matter of vibration and wave. This research is a Research and Development research with reference to ADDIE model that is Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation. Multimedia based learning inquiry is packaged in hypertext form using Adobe Flash CS6 Software. The inquiry aspect is constructed by showing the animation of the concepts that the student wants to achieve and then followed by questions that will ask the students what is observable. Multimedia learning based inquiry is then validated by 2 learning experts, 3 material experts and 3 media experts and tested on 3 junior high school teachers and 23 students of state junior high school 5 of Kendari. The results of the study include: (1) Validation results by learning experts, material experts and media experts in valid categories; (2) The results of trials by teachers and students fall into the practical category. These results prove that the multimedia learning based inquiry on vibration and waves materials that have been developed feasible use in physics learning by students of junior high school class VIII.

A Hypertext-Based Computer Architecture for Management of the Joint Command, Control and Communications Curriculum

DTIC Science & Technology

1992-06-01

Boards) Security, Privacy, and Freedom of Speech Issues 4.1.2 Understand the relationships between information processing and collection and...to-many (Mailing and discussion Lists) ... Many-to-Many (Bulletin Boards) Security, Privacy, and Freedom of Speech Issues 69 4.1.3 Understand the...Communication one-to-one (e-mail) °o° one-to-many (Mailing and discussion Lists) ... Many-to-Many (Bulletin Boards) oo Security, Privacy, and Freedom of Speech Issues

A prototype expert/information system for examining environmental risks of KSC activities

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Engel, Bernard A.

1993-01-01

Protection of the environment and natural resources at the Kennedy Space Center (KSC) is of great concern. An expert/information system to replace the paper-based KSC Environmental Checklist was developed. The computer-based system requests information only as a required and supplies assistance as needed. The most comprehensive portion of the system provides information about endangered species habitat at KSC. This module uses geographic information system (GIS) data and tools, expert rules, color graphics, computer-based video, and hypertext to provide information.

Application of World Wide Web (W3) Technologies in Payload Operations

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Sun, Charles; Windrem, May; Picinich, Lou

1996-01-01

World Wide Web (W3) technologies are considered in relation to their application to space missions. It is considered that such technologies, including the hypertext transfer protocol and the Java object-oriented language, offer a powerful and relatively inexpensive framework for distributed application software development. The suitability of these technologies for payload monitoring systems development is discussed, and the experience gained from the development of an insect habitat monitoring system based on W3 technologies is reported.

Comprehensive Analysis of DNA Methylation Data with RnBeads

PubMed Central

Walter, Jörn; Lengauer, Thomas; Bock, Christoph

2014-01-01

RnBeads is a software tool for large-scale analysis and interpretation of DNA methylation data, providing a user-friendly analysis workflow that yields detailed hypertext reports (http://rnbeads.mpi-inf.mpg.de). Supported assays include whole genome bisulfite sequencing, reduced representation bisulfite sequencing, Infinium microarrays, and any other protocol that produces high-resolution DNA methylation data. Important applications of RnBeads include the analysis of epigenome-wide association studies and epigenetic biomarker discovery in cancer cohorts. PMID:25262207

An Automated System for the Maintenance of Multiform Documentation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rousseau, Bertrand; Ruggier, Mario; Smith, Matthiew

Software documentation for the user often exists in several forms including paper, electronic, on-line help, etc. We have build a system to help with the writing and maintenance of such kinds of documentation which relies on the FrameMaker product. As an example, we show how it is used to maintain the ADAMO documentation, delivered in 4 incarnations on paper, WWW hypertext, KUIP and running examples. The use of the system results in both time saving and quality improvements.

Media Selection for the Development of a Hypermedia/Multimedia Instructional Model for the Navy’s 76mm Gun

DTIC Science & Technology

1993-09-01

placed on the timeline when called. The timeline editor is also used when creating a hypertext/hypermedia document. a FrameMaker FrameMaker is a...Framemaker’s multi-platform capability permits document sharing and allows for easy importing of text and graphics from other application software. Framemaker ...Technology Corporation, FrameMaker Reference, September 1990. Glaser, R., "Education and Thinking: The Role of Knowledge", American Psychologist, Vol. 39, No

Web-based X-ray quality control documentation.

PubMed

David, George; Burnett, Lou Ann; Schenkel, Robert

2003-01-01

The department of radiology at the Medical College of Georgia Hospital and Clinics has developed an equipment quality control web site. Our goal is to provide immediate access to virtually all medical physics survey data. The web site is designed to assist equipment engineers, department management and technologists. By improving communications and access to equipment documentation, we believe productivity is enhanced. The creation of the quality control web site was accomplished in three distinct steps. First, survey data had to be placed in a computer format. The second step was to convert these various computer files to a format supported by commercial web browsers. Third, a comprehensive home page had to be designed to provide convenient access to the multitude of surveys done in the various x-ray rooms. Because we had spent years previously fine-tuning the computerization of the medical physics quality control program, most survey documentation was already in spreadsheet or database format. A major technical decision was the method of conversion of survey spreadsheet and database files into documentation appropriate for the web. After an unsatisfactory experience with a HyperText Markup Language (HTML) converter (packaged with spreadsheet and database software), we tried creating Portable Document Format (PDF) files using Adobe Acrobat software. This process preserves the original formatting of the document and takes no longer than conventional printing; therefore, it has been very successful. Although the PDF file generated by Adobe Acrobat is a proprietary format, it can be displayed through a conventional web browser using the freely distributed Adobe Acrobat Reader program that is available for virtually all platforms. Once a user installs the software, it is automatically invoked by the web browser whenever the user follows a link to a file with a PDF extension. Although no confidential patient information is available on the web site, our legal department recommended that we secure the site in order to keep out those wishing to make mischief. Our interim solution has not been to password protect the page, which we feared would hinder access for occasional legitimate users, but also not to provide links to it from other hospital and department pages. Utility and productivity were improved and time and money were saved by making radiological equipment quality control documentation instantly available on-line.

FastScript3D - A Companion to Java 3D

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Koenig, Patti

2005-01-01

FastScript3D is a computer program, written in the Java 3D(TM) programming language, that establishes an alternative language that helps users who lack expertise in Java 3D to use Java 3D for constructing three-dimensional (3D)-appearing graphics. The FastScript3D language provides a set of simple, intuitive, one-line text-string commands for creating, controlling, and animating 3D models. The first word in a string is the name of a command; the rest of the string contains the data arguments for the command. The commands can also be used as an aid to learning Java 3D. Developers can extend the language by adding custom text-string commands. The commands can define new 3D objects or load representations of 3D objects from files in formats compatible with such other software systems as X3D. The text strings can be easily integrated into other languages. FastScript3D facilitates communication between scripting languages [which enable programming of hyper-text markup language (HTML) documents to interact with users] and Java 3D. The FastScript3D language can be extended and customized on both the scripting side and the Java 3D side.

Informatics in radiology (infoRAD): HTML and Web site design for the radiologist: a primer.

PubMed

Ryan, Anthony G; Louis, Luck J; Yee, William C

2005-01-01

A Web site has enormous potential as a medium for the radiologist to store, present, and share information in the form of text, images, and video clips. With a modest amount of tutoring and effort, designing a site can be as painless as preparing a Microsoft PowerPoint presentation. The site can then be used as a hub for the development of further offshoots (eg, Web-based tutorials, storage for a teaching library, publication of information about one's practice, and information gathering from a wide variety of sources). By learning the basics of hypertext markup language (HTML), the reader will be able to produce a simple and effective Web page that permits display of text, images, and multimedia files. The process of constructing a Web page can be divided into five steps: (a) creating a basic template with formatted text, (b) adding color, (c) importing images and multimedia files, (d) creating hyperlinks, and (e) uploading one's page to the Internet. This Web page may be used as the basis for a Web-based tutorial comprising text documents and image files already in one's possession. Finally, there are many commercially available packages for Web page design that require no knowledge of HTML.

Linked Data: what does it offer Earth Sciences?

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Cox, Simon; Schade, Sven

2010-05-01

'Linked Data' is a current buzz-phrase promoting access to various forms of data on the internet. It starts from the two principles that have underpinned the architecture and scalability of the World Wide Web: 1. Universal Resource Identifiers - using the http protocol which is supported by the DNS system. 2. Hypertext - in which URIs of related resources are embedded within a document. Browsing is the key mode of interaction, with traversal of links between resources under control of the client. Linked Data also adds, or re-emphasizes: • Content negotiation - whereby the client uses http headers to tell the service what representation of a resource is acceptable, • Semantic Web principles - formal semantics for links, following the RDF data model and encoding, and • The 'mashup' effect - in which original and unexpected value may emerge from reuse of data, even if published in raw or unpolished form. Linked Data promotes typed links to all kinds of data, so is where the semantic web meets the 'deep web', i.e. resources which may be accessed using web protocols, but are in representations not indexed by search engines. Earth sciences are data rich, but with a strong legacy of specialized formats managed and processed by disconnected applications. However, most contemporary research problems require a cross-disciplinary approach, in which the heterogeneity resulting from that legacy is a significant challenge. In this context, Linked Data clearly has much to offer the earth sciences. But, there are some important questions to answer. What is a resource? Most earth science data is organized in arrays and databases. A subset useful for a particular study is usually identified by a parameterized query. The Linked Data paradigm emerged from the world of documents, and will often only resolve data-sets. It is impractical to create even nested navigation resources containing links to all potentially useful objects or subsets. From the viewpoint of human user interfaces, the browse metaphor, which has been such an important part of the success of the web, must be augmented with other interaction mechanisms, including query. What are the impacts on search and metadata? Hypertext provides links selected by the page provider. However, science should endeavor to be exhaustive in its use of data. Resource discovery through links must be supplemented by more systematic data discovery through search. Conversely, the crawlers that generate search indexes must be fed by resource providers (a) serving navigation pages with links to every dataset (b) adding enough 'metadata' (semantics) on each link to effectively populate the indexes. Linked Data makes this easier due to its integration with semantic web technologies, including structured vocabularies. What is the relation between structured data and Linked Data? Linked Data has focused on web-pages (primarily HTML) for human browsing, and RDF for semantics, assuming that other representations are opaque. However, this overlooks the wealth of XML data on the web, some of which is structured according to XML Schemas that provide semantics. Technical applications can use content-negotiation to get a structured representation, and exploit its semantics. Particularly relevant for earth sciences are data representations based on OGC Geography Markup Language (GML), such as GeoSciML, O&M and MOLES. GML was strongly influenced by RDF, and typed links are intrinsic: xlink:href plays the role that rdf:resource does in RDF representations. Services which expose GML-formatted resources (such as OGC Web Feature Service) are a prototype of Linked Data. Giving credit where it is due. Organizations investing in data collection may be reluctant to publish the raw data prior to completing an initial analysis. To encourage early data publication the system must provide suitable incentives, and citation analysis must recognize the increasing diversity of publication routes and forms. Linked Data makes it easier to include rich citation information when data is both published and used.

Development of a web database portfolio system with PACS connectivity for undergraduate health education and continuing professional development.

PubMed

Ng, Curtise K C; White, Peter; McKay, Janice C

2009-04-01

Increasingly, the use of web database portfolio systems is noted in medical and health education, and for continuing professional development (CPD). However, the functions of existing systems are not always aligned with the corresponding pedagogy and hence reflection is often lost. This paper presents the development of a tailored web database portfolio system with Picture Archiving and Communication System (PACS) connectivity, which is based on the portfolio pedagogy. Following a pre-determined portfolio framework, a system model with the components of web, database and mail servers, server side scripts, and a Query/Retrieve (Q/R) broker for conversion between Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) requests and Q/R service class of Digital Imaging and Communication in Medicine (DICOM) standard, is proposed. The system was piloted with seventy-seven volunteers. A tailored web database portfolio system (http://radep.hti.polyu.edu.hk) was developed. Technological arrangements for reinforcing portfolio pedagogy include popup windows (reminders) with guidelines and probing questions of 'collect', 'select' and 'reflect' on evidence of development/experience, limitation in the number of files (evidence) to be uploaded, the 'Evidence Insertion' functionality to link the individual uploaded artifacts with reflective writing, capability to accommodate diversity of contents and convenient interfaces for reviewing portfolios and communication. Evidence to date suggests the system supports users to build their portfolios with sound hypertext reflection under a facilitator's guidance, and with reviewers to monitor students' progress providing feedback and comments online in a programme-wide situation.

An Object-Oriented Approach to the Development of Computer-Assisted Instructional Material Using Hypertext

DTIC Science & Technology

1988-12-01

reading on computers for more than 10 or 15 minutes . If it takes any longer I would rather have a piece of paper in front of me. It did provide an outline...advisor, Capt. David Umphress. I thank Dave also for the moral support he provided by agreeing to advise this thesis, and by providing timely...2.17 information using... text, graphics, video , music, voice, and animation" (Williams, 1987:109; Conklin, 1987a:32). Even so, HyperCard has been very

Automated payload experiment tool feasibility study

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Maddux, Gary A.; Clark, James; Delugach, Harry; Hammons, Charles; Logan, Julie; Provancha, Anna

1991-01-01

To achieve an environment less dependent on the flow of paper, automated techniques of data storage and retrieval must be utilized. The prototype under development seeks to demonstrate the ability of a knowledge-based, hypertext computer system. This prototype is concerned with the logical links between two primary NASA support documents, the Science Requirements Document (SRD) and the Engineering Requirements Document (ERD). Once developed, the final system should have the ability to guide a principal investigator through the documentation process in a more timely and efficient manner, while supplying more accurate information to the NASA payload developer.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Johnson, Gary E.; Sutherland, G. Bruce

The 2008 Columbia River Estuary Conference was held at the Liberty Theater in Astoria, Oregon, on April 19-20. The conference theme was ecosystem restoration. The purpose of the conference was to exchange data and information among researchers, policy-makers, and the public, i.e., interrelate science with management. Conference organizers invited presentations synthesizing material on Restoration Planning and Implementation (Session 1), Research to Reduce Restoration Uncertainties (Session 2), Wetlands and Flood Management (Session 3), Action Effectiveness Monitoring (Session 4), and Management Perspectives (Session 5). A series of three plenary talks opened the conference. Facilitated speaker and audience discussion periods were held atmore » the end of each session. Contributed posters conveyed additional data and information. These proceedings include abstracts and notes documenting questions from the audience and clarifying answers from the presenter for each talk. The proceedings also document key points from the discussion periods at the end of each session. The conference program is outlined in the agenda section. Speaker biographies are presented in Appendix A. Poster titles and authors are listed in Appendix B. A list of conference attendees is contained in Appendix C. A compact disk, attached to the back cover, contains material in hypertext-markup-language from the conference website (http://cerc.labworks.org/) and the individual presentations.« less

A web-based institutional DICOM distribution system with the integration of the Clinical Trial Processor (CTP).

PubMed

Aryanto, K Y E; Broekema, A; Langenhuysen, R G A; Oudkerk, M; van Ooijen, P M A

2015-05-01

To develop and test a fast and easy rule-based web-environment with optional de-identification of imaging data to facilitate data distribution within a hospital environment. A web interface was built using Hypertext Preprocessor (PHP), an open source scripting language for web development, and Java with SQL Server to handle the database. The system allows for the selection of patient data and for de-identifying these when necessary. Using the services provided by the RSNA Clinical Trial Processor (CTP), the selected images were pushed to the appropriate services using a protocol based on the module created for the associated task. Five pipelines, each performing a different task, were set up in the server. In a 75 month period, more than 2,000,000 images are transferred and de-identified in a proper manner while 20,000,000 images are moved from one node to another without de-identification. While maintaining a high level of security and stability, the proposed system is easy to setup, it integrate well with our clinical and research practice and it provides a fast and accurate vendor-neutral process of transferring, de-identifying, and storing DICOM images. Its ability to run different de-identification processes in parallel pipelines is a major advantage in both clinical and research setting.

Automated graphic image generation system for effective representation of infectious disease surveillance data.

PubMed

Inoue, Masashi; Hasegawa, Shinsaku; Suyama, Akihiko; Meshitsuka, Shunsuke

2003-11-01

Infectious disease surveillance schemes have been established to detect infectious disease outbreak in the early stages, to identify the causative viral strains, and to rapidly assess related morbidity and mortality. To make a scheme function well, two things are required. Firstly, it must have sufficient sensitivity and be timely to guarantee as short a delay as possible from collection to redistribution of information. Secondly, it must provide a good representation of the results of the surveillance. To do this, we have developed a database system that can redistribute the information via the Internet. The feature of this system is to automatically generate the graphic images based on the numerical data stored in the database by using Hypertext Preprocessor (PHP) script and Graphics Drawing (GD) library. It dynamically displays the information as a map or bar chart as well as a numerical impression according to the real time demand of the users. This system will be a useful tool for medical personnel and researchers working on infectious disease problems and will save significant time in the redistribution of information.

Text Categorization on Hadith Sahih Al-Bukhari using Random Forest

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Fauzan Afianto, Muhammad; Adiwijaya; Al-Faraby, Said

2018-03-01

Al-Hadith is a collection of words, deeds, provisions, and approvals of Rasulullah Shallallahu Alaihi wa Salam that becomes the second fundamental laws of Islam after Al-Qur’an. As a fundamental of Islam, Muslims must learn, memorize, and practice Al-Qur’an and Al-Hadith. One of venerable Imam which was also the narrator of Al-Hadith is Imam Bukhari. He spent over 16 years to compile about 2602 Hadith (without repetition) and over 7000 Hadith with repetition. Automatic text categorization is a task of developing software tools that able to classify text of hypertext document under pre-defined categories or subject code[1]. The algorithm that would be used is Random Forest, which is a development from Decision Tree. In this final project research, the author decided to make a system that able to categorize text document that contains Hadith that narrated by Imam Bukhari under several categories such as suggestion, prohibition, and information. As for the evaluation method, K-fold cross validation with F1-Score will be used and the result is 90%.

SoyFN: a knowledge database of soybean functional networks.

PubMed

Xu, Yungang; Guo, Maozu; Liu, Xiaoyan; Wang, Chunyu; Liu, Yang

2014-01-01

Many databases for soybean genomic analysis have been built and made publicly available, but few of them contain knowledge specifically targeting the omics-level gene-gene, gene-microRNA (miRNA) and miRNA-miRNA interactions. Here, we present SoyFN, a knowledge database of soybean functional gene networks and miRNA functional networks. SoyFN provides user-friendly interfaces to retrieve, visualize, analyze and download the functional networks of soybean genes and miRNAs. In addition, it incorporates much information about KEGG pathways, gene ontology annotations and 3'-UTR sequences as well as many useful tools including SoySearch, ID mapping, Genome Browser, eFP Browser and promoter motif scan. SoyFN is a schema-free database that can be accessed as a Web service from any modern programming language using a simple Hypertext Transfer Protocol call. The Web site is implemented in Java, JavaScript, PHP, HTML and Apache, with all major browsers supported. We anticipate that this database will be useful for members of research communities both in soybean experimental science and bioinformatics. Database URL: http://nclab.hit.edu.cn/SoyFN.

Informatics in radiology: A prototype Web-based reporting system for onsite-offsite clinician communication.

PubMed

Arnold, Corey W; Bui, Alex A T; Morioka, Craig; El-Saden, Suzie; Kangarloo, Hooshang

2007-01-01

The communication of imaging findings to a referring physician is an important role of the radiologist. However, communication between onsite and offsite physicians is a time-consuming process that can obstruct work flow and frequently involves no exchange of visual information, which is especially problematic given the importance of radiologic images for diagnosis and treatment. A prototype World Wide Web-based image documentation and reporting system was developed for use in supporting a "communication loop" that is based on the concept of a classic "wet-read" system. The proposed system represents an attempt to address many of the problems seen in current communication work flows by implementing a well-documented and easily accessible communication loop that is adaptable to different types of imaging study evaluation. Images are displayed in a native (DICOM) Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine format with a Java applet, which allows accurate presentation along with use of various image manipulation tools. The Web-based infrastructure consists of a server that stores imaging studies and reports, with Web browsers that download and install necessary client software on demand. Application logic consists of a set of PHP (hypertext preprocessor) modules that are accessible with an application programming interface. The system may be adapted to any clinician-specialist communication loop, and, because it integrates radiologic standards with Web-based technologies, can more effectively communicate and document imaging data. RSNA, 2007

The table of isotopes-8th edition and beyond

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Firestone, R.B.

A new edition of the Table of Isotopes has been published this year by John Wiley and Sons, Inc. This edition is the eighth in a series started by Glenn T. Seaborg in 1940. The two-volume, 3168-page, cloth-bound edition is twice the size of the previous edition published in 1978. It contains nuclear structure and decay data, based mainly on the Evaluated Nuclear Structure Data File (ENSDF), for >3100 isotopes and isomers. Approximately 24000 references are cited, and the appendices have been updated and extended. The book is packaged with an interactive CD-ROM that contains the Table of Isotopes inmore » Adobe Acrobat Portable Document Format for convenient viewing on personal computer (PC) and UNIX workstations. The CD-ROM version contains a chart of the nuclides graphical index and separate indices organized for radioisotope users and nuclear structure physicists. More than 100000 hypertext links are provided to move the user quickly through related information free from the limitations of page size. Complete references with keyword abstracts are provided. The CD-ROM also contains the Table of Super-deformed Nuclear Bands and Fission Isomers; Tables of Atoms, Atomic Nuclei, and Subatomic Particles by Ivan P. Selinov; the ENSDF and nuclear structure reference (NSR) databases; the ENSDF manual by Jagdish K. Tuli; and Abode Acrobat Reader software.« less

Online Particle Physics Information

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Kreitz, Patricia A

2003-04-24

This list describes a broad set of online resources that are of value to the particle physics community. It is prescreened and highly selective. It describes the scope, size, and organization of the resources so that efficient choices can be made amongst many sites which may appear similar. A resource is excluded if it provides information primarily of interest to only one institution. Because this list must be fixed in print, it is important to consult the updated version of this compilation which includes newly added resources and hypertext links to more complete information at: http://www.slac.stanford.edu/library/pdg/.

Computer-Based Access to Patient Care Guidelines

PubMed Central

Oliver, Diane E.; Estey, Greg; Ford, Penny; Burke, Sheila M.; Teplick, Richard S.; Zielstorff, Rita D.; Barnett, G. Octo

1990-01-01

As health care becomes more complex and expensive, interest in the potential benefits of developing and implementing patient care guidelines has emerged. We propose that a hypertext-based system designed to deal with patient-specific problems can provide a valuable method of access to such guidelines. Because intensive care medicine is one area which has become extraordinarily complex in recent years, we have chosen this as an area in which the need exists for readily accessible expertise. More specifically, in this project we are focusing on the development and implementation of guidelines for troubleshooting problems associated with the of a pulmonary artery catheter.

A Platform-Independent Plugin for Navigating Online Radiology Cases.

PubMed

Balkman, Jason D; Awan, Omer A

2016-06-01

Software methods that enable navigation of radiology cases on various digital platforms differ between handheld devices and desktop computers. This has resulted in poor compatibility of online radiology teaching files across mobile smartphones, tablets, and desktop computers. A standardized, platform-independent, or "agnostic" approach for presenting online radiology content was produced in this work by leveraging modern hypertext markup language (HTML) and JavaScript web software technology. We describe the design and evaluation of this software, demonstrate its use across multiple viewing platforms, and make it publicly available as a model for future development efforts.

Automated documentation generator for advanced protein crystal growth

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Maddux, Gary A.; Provancha, Anna; Chattam, David

1994-01-01

To achieve an environment less dependent on the flow of paper, automated techniques of data storage and retrieval must be utilized. This software system, 'Automated Payload Experiment Tool,' seeks to provide a knowledge-based, hypertext environment for the development of NASA documentation. Once developed, the final system should be able to guide a Principal Investigator through the documentation process in a more timely and efficient manner, while supplying more accurate information to the NASA payload developer. The current system is designed for the development of the Science Requirements Document (SRD), the Experiment Requirements Document (ERD), the Project Plan, and the Safety Requirements Document.

Innovative Multimedia for Teaching Nematology

PubMed Central

Eisenback, J. D.

1993-01-01

The availability of interactive multimedia authoring software programs promises to revolutionize the teaching of nematology. These programs integrate text, hypertext, graphics, animations, video, and sound. The user interacts with the information on demand in a nonlinear fashion. Beginning students can limit themselves to the general outlines of the subject, and advanced students can explore the information to the limits of their ability. Use of interactive multimedia does not eliminate the need for effective, enthusiastic teachers but provides a mechanism for the efficient transfer of information. An interactive multimedia presentation that supplements lectures in an introductory course is presented as an example of the application of this technology for teaching nematology. PMID:19279782

Home Page: The Mode of Transport through the Information Superhighway

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Lujan, Michelle R.

1995-01-01

The purpose of the project with the Aeroacoustics Branch was to create and submit a home page for the internet about branch information. In order to do this, one must also become familiar with the way that the internet operates. Learning HyperText Markup Language (HTML), and the ability to create a document using this language was the final objective in order to place a home page on the internet (World Wide Web). A manual of instructions regarding maintenance of the home page, and how to keep it up to date was also necessary in order to provide branch members with the opportunity to make any pertinent changes.

[A UNIX-based electronic data processing system for routine use in a trauma surgery department].

PubMed

Boos, O; Kinzl, L; Schweiggert, F; Suger, G

1994-05-01

A computer program for a UNIX workstation has been developed to support routine activities in a surgical department. A relational database contains reports on operations, medical letters and further data imported from independent computer subsystems outside the department. Data are accessible at 15 terminals and PCs through a simple and intuitive user interface with a mouse. The patient record is organized in a hypertext fashion and permits direct access to the various types of documents in a consistent manner. The implementation is currently used to manage information on 40,000 patients and has proved valuable in daily routine over a 2-year period.

Radar Unix: a complete package for GPR data processing

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Grandjean, Gilles; Durand, Herve

1999-03-01

A complete package for ground penetrating radar data interpretation including data processing, forward modeling and a case history database consultation is presented. Running on an Unix operating system, its architecture consists of a graphical user interface generating batch files transmitted to a library of processing routines. This design allows a better software maintenance and the possibility for the user to run processing or modeling batch files by itself and differed in time. A case history data base is available and consists of an hypertext document which can be consulted by using a standard HTML browser. All the software specifications are presented through a realistic example.

An introduction to interactive hypermedia.

PubMed

Lynch, P J; Jaffe, C C

1990-01-01

Current computers can create and display documents that incorporate a variety of audiovisual media, and can be organized to allow the user, guided by curiosity and not by a fixed path through the material, to move through the information in non-linear pathways. These hypermedia documents and the concept of hypertext offer significant new possibilities for the creation of educational materials for the biomedical sciences. If the full capabilities of the computer are to be used to enhance the educational experience for learners, computer professionals need to collaborate with publishing and teaching professionals. Biomedical communications professionals can and should play a role in establishing and evaluating hypermedia documents for medical education.

PHYSICS EDUCATION AND THE INTERNET: A beginner's guide to a physicist starting out on an Internet journey

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Burton, Paul

1998-05-01

Thirty useful physics-related sites are listed to help get you started. I hope you will find some of the following sites of use in your teaching or good for pointing your pupils in the right direction when doing research. I have not attempted to rank or sort them in any order. However, by the time you read this issue of Physics Education some of the sites may not be available; this is the nature of the net. Those not wishing to retype each address can access them from my school's physics page (http://www.bootham.demon.co.uk/physics/links.html) or e-mail me at pkb@bootham.demon.co.uk and I can send you a document with the hypertext live links in. The new IOP sponsored 16-19 Physics project is promising great things with its own Internet site. You will be able to download information, updates, worksheets etc. Any queries about the development of this project at present can be sent to Evelyn van Dyk at: 16-19project@iop.org Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Councilhttp://www.epsrc.ac.uk Particle Physics and Astronomy Research Councilhttp://www.pparc.ac.uk American Institute of Physicshttp://www.aip.org Usenet Physics FAQ (frequently asked questions)http://www.weburbia.demon.co.uk/physics/faq.html CERNhttp://www.cern.ch/ BBC Educationhttp://www.bbc.co.uk/education/ Useful data on the Periodic Tablehttp://www.shef.ac.uk/chemistry/web-elements/ JET WWW index page:http://www.jet.uk NERC satellite station, Dundee Universityhttp://www.sat.dundee.ac.uk/ The Meteorological Officehttp://www.meto.govt.uk/ The Smithsonian Institute, Washington, DChttp://www.si.edu/newstart.htm Frequently asked questions on time and frequencyhttp://www.boulder.nist.gov/timefreq/faq/faq.htm Physics newshttp://www.het.brown.edu/news/index.html TIPTOP: The Internet Pilot to Physicshttp://www.tp.umu.se/TIPTOP/ A Dictionary of Scientific Quotationshttp://naturalscience.com/dsqhome.html ScI-Journal: an on-line publication for science studentshttp://www.soton.ac.uk/~plf/ScI-Journal/ Science On-linehttp://www.shu.ac.uk/schools/sci/sol/contents.htm Physics humourhttp://quark.physics.uwo.ca/~harwood/humor12.htm Searching for someone's e-mail address?http://www.four11.com SKY publicationshttp://www.skypub.com Planet Sciencehttp://www.keysites.com New Scientisthttp://www.newscientist.com NASA links to the American space programhttp://www.nasa.gov NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratoryhttp://www.jpl.nasa.gov Hewlett-Packardhttp://www.hp.com The Bradford Schools Telescope Projecthttp://www.telescope.org/rti/nuffield/ To contact a professional societyhttp://www.lib.uwaterloo.ca/society/overview.html The Schools' Physics Group: post-16 issueshttp://diana.ecs.soton.ac.uk/~pm/Physics/post16.html Sleuth search for physics and chemistryhttp://www.isleuth.com/index.shtml The Particle Adventurehttp://pdg.lbl.gov/cpep/adventure_home.html Acknowledgments I thank colleagues David Robinson and Robin Peach for their help in selecting and validating these sites and William Try, pupil at Bootham School, for preparing and maintaining the department's homepage with hypertext links. Received 21 January 1998

iBIOMES Lite: Summarizing Biomolecular Simulation Data in Limited Settings

PubMed Central

2015-01-01

As the amount of data generated by biomolecular simulations dramatically increases, new tools need to be developed to help manage this data at the individual investigator or small research group level. In this paper, we introduce iBIOMES Lite, a lightweight tool for biomolecular simulation data indexing and summarization. The main goal of iBIOMES Lite is to provide a simple interface to summarize computational experiments in a setting where the user might have limited privileges and limited access to IT resources. A command-line interface allows the user to summarize, publish, and search local simulation data sets. Published data sets are accessible via static hypertext markup language (HTML) pages that summarize the simulation protocols and also display data analysis graphically. The publication process is customized via extensible markup language (XML) descriptors while the HTML summary template is customized through extensible stylesheet language (XSL). iBIOMES Lite was tested on different platforms and at several national computing centers using various data sets generated through classical and quantum molecular dynamics, quantum chemistry, and QM/MM. The associated parsers currently support AMBER, GROMACS, Gaussian, and NWChem data set publication. The code is available at https://github.com/jcvthibault/ibiomes. PMID:24830957

Dynamic assessment of microbial ecology (DAME): a web app for interactive analysis and visualization of microbial sequencing data.

PubMed

Piccolo, Brian D; Wankhade, Umesh D; Chintapalli, Sree V; Bhattacharyya, Sudeepa; Chunqiao, Luo; Shankar, Kartik

2018-03-15

Dynamic assessment of microbial ecology (DAME) is a Shiny-based web application for interactive analysis and visualization of microbial sequencing data. DAME provides researchers not familiar with R programming the ability to access the most current R functions utilized for ecology and gene sequencing data analyses. Currently, DAME supports group comparisons of several ecological estimates of α-diversity and β-diversity, along with differential abundance analysis of individual taxa. Using the Shiny framework, the user has complete control of all aspects of the data analysis, including sample/experimental group selection and filtering, estimate selection, statistical methods and visualization parameters. Furthermore, graphical and tabular outputs are supported by R packages using D3.js and are fully interactive. DAME was implemented in R but can be modified by Hypertext Markup Language (HTML), Cascading Style Sheets (CSS), and JavaScript. It is freely available on the web at https://acnc-shinyapps.shinyapps.io/DAME/. Local installation and source code are available through Github (https://github.com/bdpiccolo/ACNC-DAME). Any system with R can launch DAME locally provided the shiny package is installed. bdpiccolo@uams.edu.

Sexting among Peruvian adolescents.

PubMed

West, Joshua H; Lister, Cameron E; Hall, P Cougar; Crookston, Benjamin T; Snow, Paola Rivera; Zvietcovich, Maria Elena; West, Richard P

2014-08-07

Sexting (sexual messaging via mobile devices) among adolescents may result in increased risky sexual practices, psychological distress and in some cases, suicide. There is very little research on sexting in developing nations, such as Peru. In particular, little is known about gender differences in the correlates of sexting. The purpose of this study was to determine the sexting prevalence and correlates of sexting among adolescent boys and girls in Cusco, Peru. The study sample comprised 949 high school aged adolescents from Cusco, Peru. Adolescents responded to questions about demographics, sexting behavior, and risk/protective factors. Separate regression models were constructed to compare correlates of sexting for boys and sexting for girls. Twenty percent of the sample reported engaging in at least one instance of sexting. Boys reported higher rates of sexting than girls (35.17% vs. 13.19%, p = 0.000). Significant correlates for girls' sexting included having been cyberbullied and parental factors. For boys, hypertexting, fighting, parental factors, and parental rules about sexting were significant. Peruvian health officials with an interest in reducing the effects of sexting among adolescents may choose to target boys differently than girls. These efforts may include advising parents to set clear rules and expectations about sexting and the appropriate use of mobile devices.

[On-line journals--are they the future? ].

PubMed

Geges, József; Vasas, Lívia

2007-01-21

The significant growth of the online literature usage, and the conspicuously differing interest of publishers, procurers and users raise the question whether the electronic or the paper journals will be the primary information sources in the future. The price of the scientific literature has gotten out of control in the last two decades. At the same time websites showed up providing open access, and this may make all participants of the market to change their marketing policy. Instead of the extra-profit accumulation strategy, publishers should take individual users' interests into consideration. Although the technical conditions of value-added option-enriched online services to surpass the paper journals are given already, there is still a demand for the latter, due to ingrained user habits. At the same time, the electronic version is attracting the users with e-versions, three-dimensional images, video records, sound, hypertext, content and relation analysis, which are limited only by the imagination. According to the authors, the development of information media is unstoppable, and the main challenge in the future will be still to find the most effective way of processing information, make it available for professional research and preserve it for the scientific heritage.

4D reconstruction of the past: the image retrieval and 3D model construction pipeline

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hadjiprocopis, Andreas; Ioannides, Marinos; Wenzel, Konrad; Rothermel, Mathias; Johnsons, Paul S.; Fritsch, Dieter; Doulamis, Anastasios; Protopapadakis, Eftychios; Kyriakaki, Georgia; Makantasis, Kostas; Weinlinger, Guenther; Klein, Michael; Fellner, Dieter; Stork, Andre; Santos, Pedro

2014-08-01

One of the main characteristics of the Internet era we are living in, is the free and online availability of a huge amount of data. This data is of varied reliability and accuracy and exists in various forms and formats. Often, it is cross-referenced and linked to other data, forming a nexus of text, images, animation and audio enabled by hypertext and, recently, by the Web3.0 standard. Our main goal is to enable historians, architects, archaeolo- gists, urban planners and affiliated professionals to reconstruct views of historical monuments from thousands of images floating around the web. This paper aims to provide an update of our progress in designing and imple- menting a pipeline for searching, filtering and retrieving photographs from Open Access Image Repositories and social media sites and using these images to build accurate 3D models of archaeological monuments as well as enriching multimedia of cultural / archaeological interest with metadata and harvesting the end products to EU- ROPEANA. We provide details of how our implemented software searches and retrieves images of archaeological sites from Flickr and Picasa repositories as well as strategies on how to filter the results, on two levels; a) based on their built-in metadata including geo-location information and b) based on image processing and clustering techniques. We also describe our implementation of a Structure from Motion pipeline designed for producing 3D models using the large collection of 2D input images (>1000) retrieved from Internet Repositories.

The restructuring and future of {open_quotes}Mendelian Inheritance in Man{close_quotes} (MIM)

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Pearson, P.L.; Francomano, C.; Antonarakis, S.

1994-09-01

Victor McKusick`s catalog {open_quotes}Mendelian Inheritance in Man{close_quotes} represents the most comprehensive compendum of human genetic disease information available today and has appeared as a series in book form for the last 30 years. The 11th edition will contain almost 7000 entries: approximately 2800 descriptions of human genetic disorders, 700 combined disorder/gene descriptions and 3500 pure gene descriptions. Until recently the content of the catalogs was maintained solely by McKusick with a support staff. However, a distributed editing system has now been established with the following primary components. New entries are initiated in Baltimore by science writers under the guidance ofmore » the senior editors and McKusick, following which the information is made immediately available to the public through online access. The subject editors can then review and edit the new or modified information without impeding the timeliness of entering new information. Entries are being reconstructured so that clinical disorder and gene information is divided into separate entries which will better represent the frequently complex relationship of gene mutations to individual clinical disorders in the data files. Further, each entry is being subdivided into logical topics which will enhance the power of electronic searching, making links between topics and improving readability. The old division of entries into autosomal dominant and recessive, etc., is being abandoned in favor of clinical disorder (phenotypes) and gene catalogs. The information is maintained in an SGML format which facilitates the production of many different types of output varying from the traditional book form to CD ROMs and various online formats including IRx, WAIS, Gopher and World Wide Web. This latter offers the exciting possibility of making hypertext links between entries and other data resources, including photographic, sound and video clips as part of the total MIM information.« less

Quo vadimus? The 21st Century and multimedia

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Kuhn, Allan D.

1991-01-01

The concept is related of computer driven multimedia to the NASA Scientific and Technical Information Program (STIP). Multimedia is defined here as computer integration and output of text, animation, audio, video, and graphics. Multimedia is the stage of computer based information that allows access to experience. The concepts are also drawn in of hypermedia, intermedia, interactive multimedia, hypertext, imaging, cyberspace, and virtual reality. Examples of these technology developments are given for NASA, private industry, and academia. Examples of concurrent technology developments and implementations are given to show how these technologies, along with multimedia, have put us at the threshold of the 21st century. The STI Program sees multimedia as an opportunity for revolutionizing the way STI is managed.

Virtual rounds: simulation-based education in procedural medicine

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Shaffer, David W.; Meglan, Dwight A.; Ferrell, Margaret; Dawson, Steven L.

1999-07-01

Computer-based simulation is a goal for training physicians in specialties where traditional training puts patients at risk. Intuitively, interactive simulation of anatomy, pathology, and therapeutic actions should lead to shortening of the learning curve for novice or inexperienced physicians. Effective transfer of knowledge acquired in simulators must be shown for such devices to be widely accepted in the medical community. We have developed an Interventional Cardiology Training Simulator which incorporates real-time graphic interactivity coupled with haptic response, and an embedded curriculum permitting rehearsal, hypertext links, personal archiving and instructor review and testing capabilities. This linking of purely technical simulation with educational content creates a more robust educational purpose for procedural simulators.

Industrial Code Development

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Shapiro, Wilbur

1991-01-01

The industrial codes will consist of modules of 2-D and simplified 2-D or 1-D codes, intended for expeditious parametric studies, analysis, and design of a wide variety of seals. Integration into a unified system is accomplished by the industrial Knowledge Based System (KBS), which will also provide user friendly interaction, contact sensitive and hypertext help, design guidance, and an expandable database. The types of analysis to be included with the industrial codes are interfacial performance (leakage, load, stiffness, friction losses, etc.), thermoelastic distortions, and dynamic response to rotor excursions. The first three codes to be completed and which are presently being incorporated into the KBS are the incompressible cylindrical code, ICYL, and the compressible cylindrical code, GCYL.

Web-Based Collaborative Publications System: R&Tserve

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Abrams, Steve

1997-01-01

R&Tserve is a publications system based on 'commercial, off-the-shelf' (COTS) software that provides a persistent, collaborative workspace for authors and editors to support the entire publication development process from initial submission, through iterative editing in a hierarchical approval structure, and on to 'publication' on the WWW. It requires no specific knowledge of the WWW (beyond basic use) or HyperText Markup Language (HTML). Graphics and URLs are automatically supported. The system includes a transaction archive, a comments utility, help functionality, automated graphics conversion, automated table generation, and an email-based notification system. It may be configured and administered via the WWW and can support publications ranging from single page documents to multiple-volume 'tomes'.

BIRD: Bio-Image Referral Database. Design and implementation of a new web based and patient multimedia data focused system for effective medical diagnosis and therapy.

PubMed

Pinciroli, Francesco; Masseroli, Marco; Acerbo, Livio A; Bonacina, Stefano; Ferrari, Roberto; Marchente, Mario

2004-01-01

This paper presents a low cost software platform prototype supporting health care personnel in retrieving patient referral multimedia data. These information are centralized in a server machine and structured by using a flexible eXtensible Markup Language (XML) Bio-Image Referral Database (BIRD). Data are distributed on demand to requesting client in an Intranet network and transformed via eXtensible Stylesheet Language (XSL) to be visualized in an uniform way on market browsers. The core server operation software has been developed in PHP Hypertext Preprocessor scripting language, which is very versatile and useful for crafting a dynamic Web environment.

Real-time Data Display System of the Korean Neonatal Network

PubMed Central

Lee, Byong Sop; Moon, Wi Hwan

2015-01-01

Real-time data reporting in clinical research networks can provide network members through interim analyses of the registered data, which can facilitate further studies and quality improvement activities. The aim of this report was to describe the building process of the data display system (DDS) of the Korean Neonatal Network (KNN) and its basic structure. After member verification at the KNN member's site, users can choose a variable of interest that is listed in the in-hospital data statistics (for 90 variables) or in the follow-up data statistics (for 54 variables). The statistical results of the outcome variables are displayed on the HyperText Markup Language 5-based chart graphs and tables. Participating hospitals can compare their performance to those of KNN as a whole and identify the trends over time. Ranking of each participating hospital is also displayed in terms of key outcome variables such as mortality and major neonatal morbidities with the names of other centers blinded. The most powerful function of the DDS is the ability to perform 'conditional filtering' which allows users to exclusively review the records of interest. Further collaboration is needed to upgrade the DDS to a more sophisticated analytical system and to provide a more user-friendly interface. PMID:26566352

SCAILET: An intelligent assistant for satellite ground terminal operations

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Shahidi, A. K.; Crapo, J. A.; Schlegelmilch, R. F.; Reinhart, R. C.; Petrik, E. J.; Walters, J. L.; Jones, R. E.

1993-01-01

NASA Lewis Research Center has applied artificial intelligence to an advanced ground terminal. This software application is being deployed as an experimenter interface to the link evaluation terminal (LET) and was named Space Communication Artificial Intelligence for the Link Evaluation Terminal (SCAILET). The high-burst-rate (HBR) LET provides 30-GHz-transmitting and 20-GHz-receiving, 220-Mbps capability for wide band communications technology experiments with the Advanced Communication Technology Satellite (ACTS). The HBR-LET terminal consists of seven major subsystems. A minicomputer controls and monitors these subsystems through an IEEE-488 or RS-232 protocol interface. Programming scripts (test procedures defined by design engineers) configure the HBR-LET and permit data acquisition. However, the scripts are difficult to use, require a steep learning curve, are cryptic, and are hard to maintain. This discourages experimenters from utilizing the full capabilities of the HBR-LET system. An intelligent assistant module was developed as part of the SCAILET software. The intelligent assistant addresses critical experimenter needs by solving and resolving problems that are encountered during the configuring of the HBR-LET system. The intelligent assistant is a graphical user interface with an expert system running in the background. In order to further assist and familiarize an experimenter, an on-line hypertext documentation module was developed and included in the SCAILET software.

Automated generation of a World Wide Web-based data entry and check program for medical applications.

PubMed

Kiuchi, T; Kaihara, S

1997-02-01

The World Wide Web-based form is a promising method for the construction of an on-line data collection system for clinical and epidemiological research. It is, however, laborious to prepare a common gateway interface (CGI) program for each project, which the World Wide Web server needs to handle the submitted data. In medicine, it is even more laborious because the CGI program must check deficits, type, ranges, and logical errors (bad combination of data) of entered data for quality assurance as well as data length and meta-characters of the entered data to enhance the security of the server. We have extended the specification of the hypertext markup language (HTML) form to accommodate information necessary for such data checking and we have developed software named AUTOFORM for this purpose. The software automatically analyzes the extended HTML form and generates the corresponding ordinary HTML form, 'Makefile', and C source of CGI programs. The resultant CGI program checks the entered data through the HTML form, records them in a computer, and returns them to the end-user. AUTOFORM drastically reduces the burden of development of the World Wide Web-based data entry system and allows the CGI programs to be more securely and reliably prepared than had they been written from scratch.

Development of Human Face Literature Database Using Text Mining Approach: Phase I.

PubMed

Kaur, Paramjit; Krishan, Kewal; Sharma, Suresh K

2018-06-01

The face is an important part of the human body by which an individual communicates in the society. Its importance can be highlighted by the fact that a person deprived of face cannot sustain in the living world. The amount of experiments being performed and the number of research papers being published under the domain of human face have surged in the past few decades. Several scientific disciplines, which are conducting research on human face include: Medical Science, Anthropology, Information Technology (Biometrics, Robotics, and Artificial Intelligence, etc.), Psychology, Forensic Science, Neuroscience, etc. This alarms the need of collecting and managing the data concerning human face so that the public and free access of it can be provided to the scientific community. This can be attained by developing databases and tools on human face using bioinformatics approach. The current research emphasizes on creating a database concerning literature data of human face. The database can be accessed on the basis of specific keywords, journal name, date of publication, author's name, etc. The collected research papers will be stored in the form of a database. Hence, the database will be beneficial to the research community as the comprehensive information dedicated to the human face could be found at one place. The information related to facial morphologic features, facial disorders, facial asymmetry, facial abnormalities, and many other parameters can be extracted from this database. The front end has been developed using Hyper Text Mark-up Language and Cascading Style Sheets. The back end has been developed using hypertext preprocessor (PHP). The JAVA Script has used as scripting language. MySQL (Structured Query Language) is used for database development as it is most widely used Relational Database Management System. XAMPP (X (cross platform), Apache, MySQL, PHP, Perl) open source web application software has been used as the server.The database is still under the developmental phase and discusses the initial steps of its creation. The current paper throws light on the work done till date.

Intelligent tutoring using HyperCLIPS

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hill, Randall W., Jr.; Pickering, Brad

1990-01-01

HyperCard is a popular hypertext-like system used for building user interfaces to databases and other applications, and CLIPS is a highly portable government-owned expert system shell. We developed HyperCLIPS in order to fill a gap in the U.S. Army's computer-based instruction tool set; it was conceived as a development environment for building adaptive practical exercises for subject-matter problem-solving, though it is not limited to this approach to tutoring. Once HyperCLIPS was developed, we set out to implement a practical exercise prototype using HyperCLIPS in order to demonstrate the following concepts: learning can be facilitated by doing; student performance evaluation can be done in real-time; and the problems in a practical exercise can be adapted to the individual student's knowledge.

Integrated Intelligent training and job aiding for combustion turbine engines

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Mckeithan, Clifford M., Jr.; Quentin, George H.

1993-01-01

This paper describes an ongoing program to augment such an expert system gas turbine startup advisor, known as the EPRI SA VANT System, by including an intelligent training package. It will give a brief background on the SA VANT development and an overview of its evolution into a full-blown Gas Turbine Information System (GTIS) for rapid access of on-line documentation, diagnostics, and training. In particular, the paper will address: (1) the conversion of the knowledge base used by the SA VANT startup advisor so that it can be used for both training and job aiding; and (2) the hypertext-oriented user manuals being incorporated into the system for rapidly accessing on-line documentation at the job site.

Thin client (web browser)-based collaboration for medical imaging and web-enabled data.

PubMed

Le, Tuong Huu; Malhi, Nadeem

2002-01-01

Utilizing thin client software and open source server technology, a collaborative architecture was implemented allowing for sharing of Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM) and non-DICOM images with real-time markup. Using the Web browser as a thin client integrated with standards-based components, such as DHTML (dynamic hypertext markup language), JavaScript, and Java, collaboration was achieved through a Web server/proxy server combination utilizing Java Servlets and Java Server Pages. A typical collaborative session involved the driver, who directed the navigation of the other collaborators, the passengers, and provided collaborative markups of medical and nonmedical images. The majority of processing was performed on the server side, allowing for the client to remain thin and more accessible.

Integrating knowledge and control into hypermedia-based training environments: Experiments with HyperCLIPS

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hill, Randall W., Jr.

1990-01-01

The issues of knowledge representation and control in hypermedia-based training environments are discussed. The main objective is to integrate the flexible presentation capability of hypermedia with a knowledge-based approach to lesson discourse management. The instructional goals and their associated concepts are represented in a knowledge representation structure called a 'concept network'. Its functional usages are many: it is used to control the navigation through a presentation space, generate tests for student evaluation, and model the student. This architecture was implemented in HyperCLIPS, a hybrid system that creates a bridge between HyperCard, a popular hypertext-like system used for building user interfaces to data bases and other applications, and CLIPS, a highly portable government-owned expert system shell.

The place of SGML and HTML in building electronic patient records.

PubMed

Pitty, D; Gordon, C; Reeves, P; Capey, A; Vieyra, P; Rickards, T

1997-01-01

The authors are concerned that, although popular, SGML (Standard Generalized Markup Language) is only one approach to capturing, storing, viewing and exchanging healthcare information and does not provide a suitable paradigm for solving most of the problems associated with paper based patient record systems. Although a discussion of the relative merits of SGML, HTML (HyperText Markup Language) may be interesting, we feel such a discussion is avoiding the real issues associated with the most appropriate way to model, represent, and store electronic patient information in order to solve healthcare problems, and therefore the medical informatics community should firstly concern itself with these issues. The paper substantiates this viewpoint and concludes with some suggestions of how progress can be made.

PVEX: An expert system for producibility/value engineering

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Lam, Chun S.; Moseley, Warren

1991-01-01

PVEX is described as an expert system that solves the problem of selection of the material and process in missile manufacturing. The producibility and the value problem has been deeply studied in the past years, and was written in dBase III and PROLOG before. A new approach is presented in that the solution is achieved by introducing hypothetical reasoning, heuristic criteria integrated with a simple hypertext system and shell programming. PVEX combines KMS with Unix scripts which graphically depicts decision trees. The decision trees convey high level qualitative problem solving knowledge to users, and a stand-alone help facility and technical documentation is available through KMS. The system developed is considerably less development costly than any other comparable expert system.

Parallel universes of Black Six biology.

PubMed

Kraev, Alexander

2014-07-19

Creation of lethal and synthetic lethal mutations in an experimental organism is a cornerstone of genetic dissection of gene function, and is related to the concept of an essential gene. Common inbred mouse strains carry background mutations, which can act as genetic modifiers, interfering with the assignment of gene essentiality. The inbred strain C57BL/6J, commonly known as "Black Six", stands out, as it carries a spontaneous homozygous deletion in the nicotinamide nucleotide transhydrogenase (Nnt) gene [GenBank: AH009385.2], resulting in impairment of steroidogenic mitochondria of the adrenal gland, and a multitude of indirect modifier effects, coming from alteration of glucocorticoid-regulated processes. Over time, the popular strain has been used, by means of gene targeting technology, to assign "essential" and "redundant" qualifiers to numerous genes, thus creating an internally consistent "parallel universe" of knowledge. It is unrealistic to suggest phasing-out of this strain, given the scope of shared resources built around it, however, continuing on the road of "strain-unawareness" will result in profound waste of effort, particularly where translational research is concerned. The review analyzes the historical roots of this phenomenon and proposes that building of "parallel universes" should be urgently made visible to a critical reader by obligatory use of unambiguous and persistent tags in publications and databases, such as hypertext links, pointing to a vendor's strain description web page, or to a digital object identifier (d.o.i.) of the original publication, so that any research done exclusively in C57BL/6J, could be easily identified. This article was reviewed by Dr. Neil Smalheiser and Dr. Miguel Andrade-Navarro.

Development of a Google-based search engine for data mining radiology reports.

PubMed

Erinjeri, Joseph P; Picus, Daniel; Prior, Fred W; Rubin, David A; Koppel, Paul

2009-08-01

The aim of this study is to develop a secure, Google-based data-mining tool for radiology reports using free and open source technologies and to explore its use within an academic radiology department. A Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA)-compliant data repository, search engine and user interface were created to facilitate treatment, operations, and reviews preparatory to research. The Institutional Review Board waived review of the project, and informed consent was not required. Comprising 7.9 GB of disk space, 2.9 million text reports were downloaded from our radiology information system to a fileserver. Extensible markup language (XML) representations of the reports were indexed using Google Desktop Enterprise search engine software. A hypertext markup language (HTML) form allowed users to submit queries to Google Desktop, and Google's XML response was interpreted by a practical extraction and report language (PERL) script, presenting ranked results in a web browser window. The query, reason for search, results, and documents visited were logged to maintain HIPAA compliance. Indexing averaged approximately 25,000 reports per hour. Keyword search of a common term like "pneumothorax" yielded the first ten most relevant results of 705,550 total results in 1.36 s. Keyword search of a rare term like "hemangioendothelioma" yielded the first ten most relevant results of 167 total results in 0.23 s; retrieval of all 167 results took 0.26 s. Data mining tools for radiology reports will improve the productivity of academic radiologists in clinical, educational, research, and administrative tasks. By leveraging existing knowledge of Google's interface, radiologists can quickly perform useful searches.

"Hyperstat": an educational and working tool in epidemiology.

PubMed

Nicolosi, A

1995-01-01

The work of a researcher in epidemiology is based on studying literature, planning studies, gathering data, analyzing data and writing results. Therefore he has need for performing, more or less, simple calculations, the need for consulting or quoting literature, the need for consulting textbooks about certain issues or procedures, and the need for looking at a specific formula. There are no programs conceived as a workstation to assist the different aspects of researcher work in an integrated fashion. A hypertextual system was developed which supports different stages of the epidemiologist's work. It combines database management, statistical analysis or planning, and literature searches. The software was developed on Apple Macintosh by using Hypercard 2.1 as a database and HyperTalk as a programming language. The program is structured in 7 "stacks" or files: Procedures; Statistical Tables; Graphs; References; Text; Formulas; Help. Each stack has its own management system with an automated Table of Contents. Stacks contain "cards" which make up the databases and carry executable programs. The programs are of four kinds: association; statistical procedure; formatting (input/output); database management. The system performs general statistical procedures, procedures applicable to epidemiological studies only (follow-up and case-control), and procedures for clinical trials. All commands are given by clicking the mouse on self-explanatory "buttons". In order to perform calculations, the user only needs to enter the data into the appropriate cells and then click on the selected procedure's button. The system has a hypertextual structure. The user can go from a procedure to other cards following the preferred order of succession and according to built-in associations. The user can access different levels of knowledge or information from any stack he is consulting or operating. From every card, the user can go to a selected procedure to perform statistical calculations, to the reference database management system, to the textbook in which all procedures and issues are discussed in detail, to the database of statistical formulas with automated table of contents, to statistical tables with automated table of contents, or to the help module. he program has a very user-friendly interface and leaves the user free to use the same format he would use on paper. The interface does not require special skills. It reflects the Macintosh philosophy of using windows, buttons and mouse. This allows the user to perform complicated calculations without losing the "feel" of data, weight alternatives, and simulations. This program shares many features in common with hypertexts. It has an underlying network database where the nodes consist of text, graphics, executable procedures, and combinations of these; the nodes in the database correspond to windows on the screen; the links between the nodes in the database are visible as "active" text or icons in the windows; the text is read by following links and opening new windows. The program is especially useful as an educational tool, directed to medical and epidemiology students. The combination of computing capabilities with a textbook and databases of formulas and literature references, makes the program versatile and attractive as a learning tool. The program is also helpful in the work done at the desk, where the researcher examines results, consults literature, explores different analytic approaches, plans new studies, or writes grant proposals or scientific articles.

Technologies and standards in the information systems of the soil-geographic database of Russia

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Golozubov, O. M.; Rozhkov, V. A.; Alyabina, I. O.; Ivanov, A. V.; Kolesnikova, V. M.; Shoba, S. A.

2015-01-01

The achievements, problems, and challenges of the modern stage of the development of the Soil-Geographic Database of Russia (SGDBR) and the history of this project are outlined. The structure of the information system of the SGDBR as an internet-based resource to collect data on soil profiles and to integrate the geographic and attribute databases on the same platform is described. The pilot project in Rostov oblast illustrates the inclusion of regional information in the SGDBR and its application for solving practical problems. For the first time in Russia, the GeoRSS standard based on the structured hypertext representation of the geographic and attribute information has been applied in the state system for the agromonitoring of agricultural lands in Rostov oblast and information exchange through the internet.

BioJS DAGViewer: A reusable JavaScript component for displaying directed graphs

PubMed Central

Micklem, Gos

2014-01-01

Summary: The DAGViewer BioJS component is a reusable JavaScript component made available as part of the BioJS project and intended to be used to display graphs of structured data, with a particular emphasis on Directed Acyclic Graphs (DAGs). It enables users to embed representations of graphs of data, such as ontologies or phylogenetic trees, in hyper-text documents (HTML). This component is generic, since it is capable (given the appropriate configuration) of displaying any kind of data that is organised as a graph. The features of this component which are useful for examining and filtering large and complex graphs are described. Availability: http://github.com/alexkalderimis/dag-viewer-biojs; http://github.com/biojs/biojs; http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8303. PMID:24627804

Surfing the Internet.

PubMed

Clay, A T

1995-08-01

More physicians are surfing the Internet than ever before, thanks to the recent launch of MSMSNET, the Michigan State Medical Society's new online service for physician members. If words like World Wide Web, E-mail, and Hypertext links send you into a state of confusion, then read on. This month's cover story discusses MSMS's launch into the information superhighway and training programs MSMS has in store for physician members. Also included is an examination of the Internet--past, present and future--by the president of Voyager Information Networks, Inc., a Michigan corporation specializing in Internet services for Michigan trade groups and other organizations, including MSMS. This cover story marks the beginning of a series of articles on the Internet which will appear in future issues of Michigan Medicine. Hop on board and enjoy the ride!

Online Tools for Astronomy and Cosmochemistry

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Meyer, B. S.

2005-01-01

Over the past year, the Webnucleo Group at Clemson University has been developing a web site with a number of interactive online tools for astronomy and cosmochemistry applications. The site uses SHP (Simplified Hypertext Preprocessor), which, because of its flexibility, allows us to embed almost any computer language into our web pages. For a description of SHP, please see http://www.joeldenny.com/ At our web site, an internet user may mine large and complex data sets, such as our stellar evolution models, and make graphs or tables of the results. The user may also run some of our detailed nuclear physics and astrophysics codes, such as our nuclear statistical equilibrium code, which is written in fortran and C. Again, the user may make graphs and tables and download the results.

An electronic laboratory notebook based on HTML forms

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Marstaller, J.E.; Zorn, M.D.

The electronic notebook records information that has traditionally been kept in handwritten laboratory notebooks. It keeps detailed information about the progress of the research , such as the optimization of primers, the screening of the primers and, finally, the mapping of the probes. The notebook provides two areas of services: Data entry, and reviewing of data in all stages. The World wide Web browsers, with HTML based forms provide a fast and easy mechanism to create forms-based user interfaces. The computer scientist can sit down with the biologist and rapidly make changes in response to the user`s comments. Furthermore themore » HTML forms work equally well on a number of different hardware platforms; thus the biologists may continue using their Macintosh computers and find a familiar interface if they have to work on a Unix workstation. The web browser can be run from any machine connected to the Internet: thus the users are free to enter or view information even away from their labs at home or while on travel. Access can be restricted by password and other means to secure the confidentiality of the data. A bonus that is hard to implement otherwise is the facile connection to outside resources. Linking local information to data in public databases is only a hypertext link away with little or no additional programming efforts.« less

Dynamic "inline" images: context-sensitive retrieval and integration of images into Web documents.

PubMed

Kahn, Charles E

2008-09-01

Integrating relevant images into web-based information resources adds value for research and education. This work sought to evaluate the feasibility of using "Web 2.0" technologies to dynamically retrieve and integrate pertinent images into a radiology web site. An online radiology reference of 1,178 textual web documents was selected as the set of target documents. The ARRS GoldMiner image search engine, which incorporated 176,386 images from 228 peer-reviewed journals, retrieved images on demand and integrated them into the documents. At least one image was retrieved in real-time for display as an "inline" image gallery for 87% of the web documents. Each thumbnail image was linked to the full-size image at its original web site. Review of 20 randomly selected Collaborative Hypertext of Radiology documents found that 69 of 72 displayed images (96%) were relevant to the target document. Users could click on the "More" link to search the image collection more comprehensively and, from there, link to the full text of the article. A gallery of relevant radiology images can be inserted easily into web pages on any web server. Indexing by concepts and keywords allows context-aware image retrieval, and searching by document title and subject metadata yields excellent results. These techniques allow web developers to incorporate easily a context-sensitive image gallery into their documents.

An integrated knowledge system for wind tunnel testing - Project Engineers' Intelligent Assistant

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Lo, Ching F.; Shi, George Z.; Hoyt, W. A.; Steinle, Frank W., Jr.

1993-01-01

The Project Engineers' Intelligent Assistant (PEIA) is an integrated knowledge system developed using artificial intelligence technology, including hypertext, expert systems, and dynamic user interfaces. This system integrates documents, engineering codes, databases, and knowledge from domain experts into an enriched hypermedia environment and was designed to assist project engineers in planning and conducting wind tunnel tests. PEIA is a modular system which consists of an intelligent user-interface, seven modules and an integrated tool facility. Hypermedia technology is discussed and the seven PEIA modules are described. System maintenance and updating is very easy due to the modular structure and the integrated tool facility provides user access to commercial software shells for documentation, reporting, or database updating. PEIA is expected to provide project engineers with technical information, increase efficiency and productivity, and provide a realistic tool for personnel training.

Web GIS in practice VIII: HTML5 and the canvas element for interactive online mapping.

PubMed

Boulos, Maged N Kamel; Warren, Jeffrey; Gong, Jianya; Yue, Peng

2010-03-03

HTML5 is being developed as the next major revision of HTML (Hypertext Markup Language), the core markup language of the World Wide Web. It aims at reducing the need for proprietary, plug-in-based rich Internet application (RIA) technologies such as Adobe Flash. The canvas element is part of HTML5 and is used to draw graphics using scripting (e.g., JavaScript). This paper introduces Cartagen, an open-source, vector-based, client-side framework for rendering plug-in-free, offline-capable, interactive maps in native HTML5 on a wide range of Web browsers and mobile phones. Cartagen was developed at MIT Media Lab's Design Ecology group. Potential applications of the technology as an enabler for participatory online mapping include mapping real-time air pollution, citizen reporting, and disaster response, among many other possibilities.

Discrete mathematics for spatial data classification and understanding

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mussio, Luigi; Nocera, Rossella; Poli, Daniela

1998-12-01

Data processing, in the field of information technology, requires new tools, involving discrete mathematics, like data compression, signal enhancement, data classification and understanding, hypertexts and multimedia (considering educational aspects too), because the mass of data implies automatic data management and doesn't permit any a priori knowledge. The methodologies and procedures used in this class of problems concern different kinds of segmentation techniques and relational strategies, like clustering, parsing, vectorization, formalization, fitting and matching. On the other hand, the complexity of this approach imposes to perform optimal sampling and outlier detection just at the beginning, in order to define the set of data to be processed: rough data supply very poor information. For these reasons, no hypotheses about the distribution behavior of the data can be generally done and a judgment should be acquired by distribution-free inference only.

FTDD973: A multimedia knowledge-based system and methodology for operator training and diagnostics

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hekmatpour, Amir; Brown, Gary; Brault, Randy; Bowen, Greg

1993-01-01

FTDD973 (973 Fabricator Training, Documentation, and Diagnostics) is an interactive multimedia knowledge based system and methodology for computer-aided training and certification of operators, as well as tool and process diagnostics in IBM's CMOS SGP fabrication line (building 973). FTDD973 is an example of what can be achieved with modern multimedia workstations. Knowledge-based systems, hypertext, hypergraphics, high resolution images, audio, motion video, and animation are technologies that in synergy can be far more useful than each by itself. FTDD973's modular and object-oriented architecture is also an example of how improvements in software engineering are finally making it possible to combine many software modules into one application. FTDD973 is developed in ExperMedia/2; and OS/2 multimedia expert system shell for domain experts.

The computer integrated documentation project: A merge of hypermedia and AI techniques

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Mathe, Nathalie; Boy, Guy

1993-01-01

To generate intelligent indexing that allows context-sensitive information retrieval, a system must be able to acquire knowledge directly through interaction with users. In this paper, we present the architecture for CID (Computer Integrated Documentation). CID is a system that enables integration of various technical documents in a hypertext framework and includes an intelligent browsing system that incorporates indexing in context. CID's knowledge-based indexing mechanism allows case based knowledge acquisition by experimentation. It utilizes on-line user information requirements and suggestions either to reinforce current indexing in case of success or to generate new knowledge in case of failure. This allows CID's intelligent interface system to provide helpful responses, based on previous experience (user feedback). We describe CID's current capabilities and provide an overview of our plans for extending the system.

Formative Research in Educational Media.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hodapp, Timothy

This paper distinguishes between basic research, applied research, and evaluation. Evaluation is broken down into two types: summative and formative. The limitations of formative research are presented, followed by a discussion of the value of the formative researcher participating in the product planning process. The types of data which formative…

Creating a course-based web site in a university environment

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Robin, Bernard R.; Mcneil, Sara G.

1997-06-01

The delivery of educational materials is undergoing a remarkable change from the traditional lecture method to dissemination of courses via the World Wide Web. This paradigm shift from a paper-based structure to an electronic one has profound implications for university faculty. Students are enrolling in classes with the expectation of using technology and logging on to the Internet, and professors are realizing that the potential of the Web can have a significant impact on classroom activities. An effective method of integrating electronic technologies into teaching and learning is to publish classroom materials on the World Wide Web. Already, many faculty members are creating their own home pages and Web sites for courses that include syllabi, handouts, and student work. Additionally, educators are finding value in adding hypertext links to a wide variety of related Web resources from online research and electronic journals to government and commercial sites. A number of issues must be considered when developing course-based Web sites. These include meeting the needs of a target audience, designing effective instructional materials, and integrating graphics and other multimedia components. There are also numerous technical issues that must be addressed in developing, uploading and maintaining HTML documents. This article presents a model for a university faculty who want to begin using the Web in their teaching and is based on the experiences of two College of Education professors who are using the Web as an integral part of their graduate courses.

Collaborative filtering to improve navigation of large radiology knowledge resources.

PubMed

Kahn, Charles E

2005-06-01

Collaborative filtering is a knowledge-discovery technique that can help guide readers to items of potential interest based on the experience of prior users. This study sought to determine the impact of collaborative filtering on navigation of a large, Web-based radiology knowledge resource. Collaborative filtering was applied to a collection of 1,168 radiology hypertext documents available via the Internet. An item-based collaborative filtering algorithm identified each document's six most closely related documents based on 248,304 page views in an 18-day period. Documents were amended to include links to their related documents, and use was analyzed over the next 5 days. The mean number of documents viewed per visit increased from 1.57 to 1.74 (P < 0.0001). Collaborative filtering can increase a radiology information resource's utilization and can improve its usefulness and ease of navigation. The technique holds promise for improving navigation of large Internet-based radiology knowledge resources.

Knowledge Interaction Design for Creative Knowledge Work

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Nakakoji, Kumiyo; Yamamoto, Yasuhiro

This paper describes our approach for the development of application systems for creative knowledge work, particularly for early stages of information design tasks. Being a cognitive tool serving as a means of externalization, an application system affects how the user is engaged in the creative process through its visual interaction design. Knowledge interaction design described in this paper is a framework where a set of application systems for different information design domains are developed based on an interaction model, which is designed for a particular model of a thinking process. We have developed two sets of application systems using the knowledge interaction design framework: one includes systems for linear information design, such as writing, movie-editing, and video-analysis; the other includes systems for network information design, such as file-system navigation and hypertext authoring. Our experience shows that the resulting systems encourage users to follow a certain cognitive path through graceful user experience.

A comprehensive strategy for designing a Web-based medical curriculum.

PubMed Central

Zucker, J.; Chase, H.; Molholt, P.; Bean, C.; Kahn, R. M.

1996-01-01

In preparing for a full featured online curriculum, it is necessary to develop scaleable strategies for software design that will support the pedagogical goals of the curriculum and which will address the issues of acquisition and updating of materials, of robust content-based linking, and of integration of the online materials into other methods of learning. A complete online curriculum, as distinct from an individual computerized module, must provide dynamic updating of both content and structure and an easy pathway from the professor's notes to the finished online product. At the College of Physicians and Surgeons, we are developing such strategies including a scripted text conversion process that uses the Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) as structural markup rather than as display markup, automated linking by the use of relational databases and the Unified Medical Language System (UMLS), integration of text, images, and multimedia along with interface designs which promote multiple contexts and collaborative study. PMID:8947624

ADASS Web Database XML Project

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Barg, M. I.; Stobie, E. B.; Ferro, A. J.; O'Neil, E. J.

In the spring of 2000, at the request of the ADASS Program Organizing Committee (POC), we began organizing information from previous ADASS conferences in an effort to create a centralized database. The beginnings of this database originated from data (invited speakers, participants, papers, etc.) extracted from HyperText Markup Language (HTML) documents from past ADASS host sites. Unfortunately, not all HTML documents are well formed and parsing them proved to be an iterative process. It was evident at the beginning that if these Web documents were organized in a standardized way, such as XML (Extensible Markup Language), the processing of this information across the Web could be automated, more efficient, and less error prone. This paper will briefly review the many programming tools available for processing XML, including Java, Perl and Python, and will explore the mapping of relational data from our MySQL database to XML.

Client-side Medical Image Colorization in a Collaborative Environment.

PubMed

Virag, Ioan; Stoicu-Tivadar, Lăcrămioara; Crişan-Vida, Mihaela

2015-01-01

The paper presents an application related to collaborative medicine using a browser based medical visualization system with focus on the medical image colorization process and the underlying open source web development technologies involved. Browser based systems allow physicians to share medical data with their remotely located counterparts or medical students, assisting them during patient diagnosis, treatment monitoring, surgery planning or for educational purposes. This approach brings forth the advantage of ubiquity. The system can be accessed from a any device, in order to process the images, assuring the independence towards having a specific proprietary operating system. The current work starts with processing of DICOM (Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine) files and ends with the rendering of the resulting bitmap images on a HTML5 (fifth revision of the HyperText Markup Language) canvas element. The application improves the image visualization emphasizing different tissue densities.

Medical record management systems: criticisms and new perspectives.

PubMed

Frénot, S; Laforest, F

1999-06-01

The first generation of computerized medical records stored the data as text, but these records did not bring any improvement in information manipulation. The use of a relational database management system (DBMS) has largely solved this problem as it allows for data requests by using SQL. However, this requires data structuring which is not very appropriate to medicine. Moreover, the use of templates and icon user interfaces has introduced a deviation from the paper-based record (still existing). The arrival of hypertext user interfaces has proven to be of interest to fill the gap between the paper-based medical record and its electronic version. We think that further improvement can be accomplished by using a fully document-based system. We present the architecture, advantages and disadvantages of classical DBMS-based and Web/DBMS-based solutions. We also present a document-based solution and explain its advantages, which include communication, security, flexibility and genericity.

Considerations regarding the deployment of hypermedia at JSC

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Kacmar, Charles J.

1993-01-01

Electronic documents and systems are becoming the primary means of managing information for ground and space operations at NASA. These documents will utilize hypertext and hypermedia technologies to aid users in structuring and accessing information. Documents will be composed of static and dynamic data consisting of user-defined annotations and hypermedia links. The report consists of three major sections. First, it provides an overview of hypermedia and surveys the use of hypermedia throughout JSC. Second, it briefly describes a prototypical hypermedia system that was developed in conjunction with this work. This system was constructed to demonstrate various hypermedia features and to serve as a platform for supporting the electronic documentation needs for the MIDAS system developed by the Intelligent Systems Branch of the Automation and Robotics Division (Pac92). Third, it discusses emerging hypermedia technologies which have either been untapped by vendors or present significant challenges to the Agency.

A World Wide Web selected bibliography for pediatric infectious diseases.

PubMed

Jenson, H B; Baltimore, R S

1999-02-01

A pediatric infectious diseases bibliography of selected medical reference citations has been developed and placed on the World Wide Web (WWW) at http://www.pedid.uthscsa.edu. A regularly updated bibliography of >2,500 selected literature citations representing general reviews and key articles has been organized under a standard outline for individual infectious diseases and related topics that cover the breadth of pediatric infectious diseases. Citations are categorized by infectious disease or clinical syndrome, and access can be achieved by the disease or by syndrome or the name of the pathogen. Abstracts, and in some cases the complete text of articles, may be viewed by use of hypertext links. The bibliography provides medical students, residents, fellows, and clinicians with a constantly available resource of current literature citations in pediatric infectious diseases. The WWW is an emerging educational and clinical resource for the practice of clinical infectious diseases.

Using Cross-Sectional Imaging to Convey Organ Relationships: An Integrated Learning Environment for Students of Gross Anatomy

PubMed Central

Forman, Bruce H.; Eccles, Randy; Piggins, Judith; Raila, Wayne; Estey, Greg; Barnett, G. Octo

1990-01-01

We have developed a visually oriented, computer-controlled learning environment designed for use by students of gross anatomy. The goals of this module are to reinforce the concepts of organ relationships and topography by using computed axial tomographic (CAT) images accessed from a videodisc integrated with color graphics and to introduce students to cross-sectional radiographic anatomy. We chose to build the program around CAT scan images because they not only provide excellent structural detail but also offer an anatomic orientation (transverse) that complements that used in the dissection laboratory (basically a layer-by-layer, anterior-to-posterior, or coronal approach). Our system, built using a Microsoft Windows-386 based authoring environment which we designed and implemented, integrates text, video images, and graphics into a single screen display. The program allows both user browsing of information, facilitated by hypertext links, and didactic sessions including mini-quizzes for self-assessment.

Web GIS in practice VIII: HTML5 and the canvas element for interactive online mapping

PubMed Central

2010-01-01

HTML5 is being developed as the next major revision of HTML (Hypertext Markup Language), the core markup language of the World Wide Web. It aims at reducing the need for proprietary, plug-in-based rich Internet application (RIA) technologies such as Adobe Flash. The canvas element is part of HTML5 and is used to draw graphics using scripting (e.g., JavaScript). This paper introduces Cartagen, an open-source, vector-based, client-side framework for rendering plug-in-free, offline-capable, interactive maps in native HTML5 on a wide range of Web browsers and mobile phones. Cartagen was developed at MIT Media Lab's Design Ecology group. Potential applications of the technology as an enabler for participatory online mapping include mapping real-time air pollution, citizen reporting, and disaster response, among many other possibilities. PMID:20199681

Is the medical world ready for electronic journals?

PubMed

Huth, E J

1992-07-01

New technologies offer new ways to deliver scholarly information, perhaps advantageously compared with paper journals, which have been an accustomed mode of scholarly communication for 300 years. Paper journals offer conveniences in handling and reading, and the economic constraints on their length tend to ensure that this constraint is important. Electronic journals are not yet as easy to use. But paper journals are economically cost effective and these space constraints prevent their publishing information not important to most readers but important to some. Electronic journals offer new advantages for readers, including the capacity to carry more and longer papers, linkages between related documents, and hypertext functions. The editors of The Online Journal of Current Clinical Trials welcome comments on its features and content; these should be sent to Dr. María L. Lebrón, Managing Editor, CCT, AAAS, 1333 H Street, NW, Washington, DC 20005 USA, FAX 202-842-2868.

76 FR 14034 - Proposed Collection; Comment Request; A Generic Submission for Formative Research, Pretesting...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-03-15

... Request; A Generic Submission for Formative Research, Pretesting, Stakeholder Measures and Advocate Forms... Collection: Title: A Generic Submission for Formative Research, Pre-testing, Stakeholder Measures and.... This customer satisfaction research helps ensure the relevance, utility, and appropriateness of the...

75 FR 25269 - Proposed Collection; Comment Request; A Generic Submission for Formative Research, Pretesting...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-05-07

... Request; A Generic Submission for Formative Research, Pretesting, and Stakeholder Measures at NCI SUMMARY... Generic Submission for Formative Research, Pre-testing, and Stakeholder Measures at NCI. Type of... external stakeholders with this collaboration. This customer satisfaction research helps ensure the...

Formative Research in School and Community-Based Health Programs and Studies: "State of the Art" and the TAAG Approach

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gittelsohn, Joel; Steckler, Allan; Johnson, Carolyn C.; Pratt, Charlotte; Grieser, Mira; Pickrel, Julie; Stone, Elaine J.; Conway, Terry; Coombs, Derek; Staten, Lisa K.

2006-01-01

Formative research uses qualitative and quantitative methods to provide information for researchers to plan intervention programs. Gaps in the formative research literature include how to define goals, implementation plans, and research questions; select methods; analyze data; and develop interventions. The National Heart, Lung, and Blood…

76 FR 28994 - Submission for OMB Review; Comment Request; A Generic Submission for Formative Research, Pre...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-05-19

... quantitative (paper, phone, in-person, and web surveys) methodologies to conduct this research, allowing NCI to...; Comment Request; A Generic Submission for Formative Research, Pre-Testing, Stakeholder Measures and... Formative Research, Pre-testing, Stakeholder Measures and Advocate Forms at NCI. Type of Information...

An Analysis of the Relationship between Scientific Epistemological Beliefs and Educational Philosophies: A Research on Formation Teacher Candidates

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Terzi, Ali Riza; Uyangör, Nihat

2017-01-01

This research explores the relationship between scientific epistemological beliefs and educational philosophies of formation teacher candidates. The research was conducted in the summer pedagogical formation program at Balikesir University of Necatibey Education Faculty during the 2016-17 academic years. The research, conducted with 379 candidate…

EURISWEB – Web-based epidemiological surveillance of antibiotic-resistant pneumococci in Day Care Centers

PubMed Central

Silva, Sara; Gouveia-Oliveira, Rodrigo; Maretzek, António; Carriço, João; Gudnason, Thorolfur; Kristinsson, Karl G; Ekdahl, Karl; Brito-Avô, António; Tomasz, Alexander; Sanches, Ilda Santos; Lencastre, Hermínia de; Almeida, Jonas

2003-01-01

Background EURIS (European Resistance Intervention Study) was launched as a multinational study in September of 2000 to identify the multitude of complex risk factors that contribute to the high carriage rate of drug resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae strains in children attending Day Care Centers in several European countries. Access to the very large number of data required the development of a web-based infrastructure – EURISWEB – that includes a relational online database, coupled with a query system for data retrieval, and allows integrative storage of demographic, clinical and molecular biology data generated in EURIS. Methods All components of the system were developed using open source programming tools: data storage management was supported by PostgreSQL, and the hypertext preprocessor to generate the web pages was implemented using PHP. The query system is based on a software agent running in the background specifically developed for EURIS. Results The website currently contains data related to 13,500 nasopharyngeal samples and over one million measures taken from 5,250 individual children, as well as over one thousand pre-made and user-made queries aggregated into several reports, approximately. It is presently in use by participating researchers from three countries (Iceland, Portugal and Sweden). Conclusion An operational model centered on a PHP engine builds the interface between the user and the database automatically, allowing an easy maintenance of the system. The query system is also sufficiently adaptable to allow the integration of several advanced data analysis procedures far more demanding than simple queries, eventually including artificial intelligence predictive models. PMID:12846930

76 FR 40379 - New Proposed Collection; Comment Request; Study Logistic Formative Research Methodology Studies...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-07-08

...; Comment Request; Study Logistic Formative Research Methodology Studies for the National Children's Study... Collection Title: Study Logistics Formative Research Methodology Studies for the National Children's Study... national longitudinal study of environmental influences (including physical, chemical, biological, and...

Education and Training Module in Alertness Management

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Mallis, M. M.; Brandt, S. L.; Oyung, R. L.; Reduta, D. D.; Rosekind, M. R.

2006-01-01

The education and training module (ETM) in alertness management has now been integrated as part of the training regimen of the Pilot Proficiency Awards Program ("WINGS") of the Federal Aviation Administration. Originated and now maintained current by the Fatigue Countermeasures Group at NASA Ames Research Center, the ETM in Alertness Management is designed to give pilots the benefit of the best and most recent research on the basics of sleep physiology, the causes of fatigue, and strategies for managing alertness during flight operations. The WINGS program is an incentive program that encourages pilots at all licensing levels to participate in recurrent training, upon completion of which distinctive lapel or tie pins (wings) and certificates of completion are awarded. In addition to flight training, all WINGS applicants must attend at least one FAA-sponsored safety seminar, FAA-sanctioned safety seminar, or industry recurrent training program. The Fatigue Countermeasures Group provides an FAA-approved industry recurrent training program through an on-line General Aviation (GA) WINGS ETM in alertness management to satisfy this requirement. Since 1993, the Fatigue Countermeasures Group has translated fatigue and alertness information to operational environments by conducting two-day ETM workshops oriented primarily toward air-carrier operations subject to Part 121 of the Federal Aviation Regulations pertaining to such operations. On the basis of the information presented in the two-day ETM workshops, an ETM was created for GA pilots and was transferred to a Web-based version. To comply with the requirements of the WINGS Program, the original Web-based version has been modified to include hypertext markup language (HTML) content that makes information easily accessible, in-depth testing of alertness-management knowledge, new interactive features, and increased informational resources for GA pilots. Upon successful completion of this training module, a participant receives a computer- screen display of a certificate of completion. The certificate, which includes the pilot s name and an identifying number, can be printed out and submitted, for ground training credit, with the pilot s WINGS application.

Contribution of formative research to design an environmental program for obesity prevention in schools in Mexico City.

PubMed

Bonvecchio, Anabelle; Théodore, Florence L; Safdie, Margarita; Duque, Tiffany; Villanueva, María Ángeles; Torres, Catalina; Rivera, Juan

2014-01-01

This paper describes the methods and key findings of formative research conducted to design a school-based program for obesity prevention. Formative research was based on the ecological model and the principles of social marketing. A mixed method approach was used. Qualitative (direct observation, indepth interviews, focus group discussions and photo-voice) and quantitative (closed ended surveys, checklists, anthropometry) methods were employed. Formative research key findings, including barriers by levels of the ecological model, were used for designing a program including environmental strategies to discourage the consumption of energy dense foods and sugar beverages. Formative research was fundamental to developing a context specific obesity prevention program in schools that seeks environment modification and behavior change.

A Proxy Design to Leverage the Interconnection of CoAP Wireless Sensor Networks with Web Applications

PubMed Central

Ludovici, Alessandro; Calveras, Anna

2015-01-01

In this paper, we present the design of a Constrained Application Protocol (CoAP) proxy able to interconnect Web applications based on Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) and WebSocket with CoAP based Wireless Sensor Networks. Sensor networks are commonly used to monitor and control physical objects or environments. Smart Cities represent applications of such a nature. Wireless Sensor Networks gather data from their surroundings and send them to a remote application. This data flow may be short or long lived. The traditional HTTP long-polling used by Web applications may not be adequate in long-term communications. To overcome this problem, we include the WebSocket protocol in the design of the CoAP proxy. We evaluate the performance of the CoAP proxy in terms of latency and memory consumption. The tests consider long and short-lived communications. In both cases, we evaluate the performance obtained by the CoAP proxy according to the use of WebSocket and HTTP long-polling. PMID:25585107

[The therapeutic drug monitoring network server of tacrolimus for Chinese renal transplant patients].

PubMed

Deng, Chen-Hui; Zhang, Guan-Min; Bi, Shan-Shan; Zhou, Tian-Yan; Lu, Wei

2011-07-01

This study is to develop a therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) network server of tacrolimus for Chinese renal transplant patients, which can facilitate doctor to manage patients' information and provide three levels of predictions. Database management system MySQL was employed to build and manage the database of patients and doctors' information, and hypertext mark-up language (HTML) and Java server pages (JSP) technology were employed to construct network server for database management. Based on the population pharmacokinetic model of tacrolimus for Chinese renal transplant patients, above program languages were used to construct the population prediction and subpopulation prediction modules. Based on Bayesian principle and maximization of the posterior probability function, an objective function was established, and minimized by an optimization algorithm to estimate patient's individual pharmacokinetic parameters. It is proved that the network server has the basic functions for database management and three levels of prediction to aid doctor to optimize the regimen of tacrolimus for Chinese renal transplant patients.

Modeling the time--varying subjective quality of HTTP video streams with rate adaptations.

PubMed

Chen, Chao; Choi, Lark Kwon; de Veciana, Gustavo; Caramanis, Constantine; Heath, Robert W; Bovik, Alan C

2014-05-01

Newly developed hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP)-based video streaming technologies enable flexible rate-adaptation under varying channel conditions. Accurately predicting the users' quality of experience (QoE) for rate-adaptive HTTP video streams is thus critical to achieve efficiency. An important aspect of understanding and modeling QoE is predicting the up-to-the-moment subjective quality of a video as it is played, which is difficult due to hysteresis effects and nonlinearities in human behavioral responses. This paper presents a Hammerstein-Wiener model for predicting the time-varying subjective quality (TVSQ) of rate-adaptive videos. To collect data for model parameterization and validation, a database of longer duration videos with time-varying distortions was built and the TVSQs of the videos were measured in a large-scale subjective study. The proposed method is able to reliably predict the TVSQ of rate adaptive videos. Since the Hammerstein-Wiener model has a very simple structure, the proposed method is suitable for online TVSQ prediction in HTTP-based streaming.

Integrating DXplain into a clinical information system using the World Wide Web.

PubMed

Elhanan, G; Socratous, S A; Cimino, J J

1996-01-01

The World Wide Web(WWW) offers a cross-platform environment and standard protocols that enable integration of various applications available on the Internet. The authors use the Web to facilitate interaction between their Web-based Clinical Information System and a decision-support system-DXplain, at the Massachusetts General Hospital-using local architecture and Common Gateway Interface programs. The current application translates patients laboratory test results into DXplain's terms to generate diagnostic hypotheses. Two different access methods are utilized for this model; Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) and TCP/IP function calls. While clinical aspects cannot be evaluated as yet, the model demonstrates the potential of Web-based applications for interaction and integration and how local architecture, with a controlled vocabulary server, can further facilitate such integration. This model serves to demonstrate some of the limitations of the current WWW technology and identifies issues such as control over Web resources and their utilization and liability issues as possible obstacles for further integration.

WebPresent: a World Wide Web-based telepresentation tool for physicians

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sampath-Kumar, Srihari; Banerjea, Anindo; Moshfeghi, Mehran

1997-05-01

In this paper, we present the design architecture and the implementation status of WebPresent - a world wide web based tele-presentation tool. This tool allows a physician to use a conference server workstation and make a presentation of patient cases to a geographically distributed audience. The audience consists of other physicians collaborating on patients' health care management and physicians participating in continuing medical education. These physicians are at several locations with networks of different bandwidth and capabilities connecting them. Audiences also receive the patient case information on different computers ranging form high-end display workstations to laptops with low-resolution displays. WebPresent is a scalable networked multimedia tool which supports the presentation of hypertext, images, audio, video, and a white-board to remote physicians with hospital Intranet access. WebPresent allows the audience to receive customized information. The data received can differ in resolution and bandwidth, depending on the availability of resources such as display resolution and network bandwidth.

Views of the solar system

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Hamilton, C.

1995-02-01

Views of the Solar System has been created as an educational tour of the solar system. It contains images and information about the Sun, planets, moons, asteroids and comets found within the solar system. The image processing for many of the images was done by the author. This tour uses hypertext to allow space travel by simply clicking on a desired planet. This causes information and images about the planet to appear on screen. While on a planet page, hyperlinks travel to pages about the moons and other relevant available resources. Unusual terms are linked to and defined in themore » Glossary page. Statistical information of the planets and satellites can be browsed through lists sorted by name, radius and distance. History of Space Exploration contains information about rocket history, early astronauts, space missions, spacecraft and detailed chronology tables of space exploration. The Table of Contents page has links to all of the various pages within Views Of the Solar System.« less

Digital Archive Issues from the Perspective of an Earth Science Data Producer

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Barkstrom, Bruce R.

2004-01-01

Contents include the following: Introduction. A Producer Perspective on Earth Science Data. Data Producers as Members of a Scientific Community. Some Unique Characteristics of Scientific Data. Spatial and Temporal Sampling for Earth (or Space) Science Data. The Influence of the Data Production System Architecture. The Spatial and Temporal Structures Underlying Earth Science Data. Earth Science Data File (or Relation) Schemas. Data Producer Configuration Management Complexities. The Topology of Earth Science Data Inventories. Some Thoughts on the User Perspective. Science Data User Communities. Spatial and Temporal Structure Needs of Different Users. User Spatial Objects. Data Search Services. Inventory Search. Parameter (Keyword) Search. Metadata Searches. Documentation Search. Secondary Index Search. Print Technology and Hypertext. Inter-Data Collection Configuration Management Issues. An Archive View. Producer Data Ingest and Production. User Data Searching and Distribution. Subsetting and Supersetting. Semantic Requirements for Data Interchange. Tentative Conclusions. An Object Oriented View of Archive Information Evolution. Scientific Data Archival Issues. A Perspective on the Future of Digital Archives for Scientific Data. References Index for this paper.

Nessi: An EEG-Controlled Web Browser for Severely Paralyzed Patients

PubMed Central

Bensch, Michael; Karim, Ahmed A.; Mellinger, Jürgen; Hinterberger, Thilo; Tangermann, Michael; Bogdan, Martin; Rosenstiel, Wolfgang; Birbaumer, Niels

2007-01-01

We have previously demonstrated that an EEG-controlled web browser based on self-regulation of slow cortical potentials (SCPs) enables severely paralyzed patients to browse the internet independently of any voluntary muscle control. However, this system had several shortcomings, among them that patients could only browse within a limited number of web pages and had to select links from an alphabetical list, causing problems if the link names were identical or if they were unknown to the user (as in graphical links). Here we describe a new EEG-controlled web browser, called Nessi, which overcomes these shortcomings. In Nessi, the open source browser, Mozilla, was extended by graphical in-place markers, whereby different brain responses correspond to different frame colors placed around selectable items, enabling the user to select any link on a web page. Besides links, other interactive elements are accessible to the user, such as e-mail and virtual keyboards, opening up a wide range of hypertext-based applications. PMID:18350132

The internet

PubMed Central

Al-Shahi, R; Sadler, M; Rees, G; Bateman, D

2002-01-01

The growing use of email and the world wide web (WWW), by the public, academics, and clinicians—as well as the increasing availability of high quality information on the WWW—make a working knowledge of the internet important. Although this article aims to enhance readers' existing use of the internet and medical resources on the WWW, it is also intelligible to someone unfamiliar with the internet. A web browser is one of the central pieces of software in modern computing: it is a window on the WWW, file transfer protocol sites, networked newsgroups, and your own computer's files. Effective use of the internet for professional purposes requires an understanding of the best strategies to search the WWW and the mechanisms for ensuring secure data transfer, as well as a compendium of online resources including journals, textbooks, medical portals, and sites providing high quality patient information. This article summarises these resources, available to incorporate into your web browser as downloadable "Favorites" or "Bookmarks" from www.jnnp.com, where there are also freely accessible hypertext links to the recommended sites. PMID:12438460

Focus on Formative Feedback

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Shute, Valerie J.

2008-01-01

This article reviews the corpus of research on feedback, with a focus on formative feedback--defined as information communicated to the learner that is intended to modify his or her thinking or behavior to improve learning. According to researchers, formative feedback should be nonevaluative, supportive, timely, and specific. Formative feedback is…

Tale of Two Science Teachers' Formative Assessment Practices in a Similar School Environment

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Sathasivam, Renuka V.; Daniel, Esther G. S.

2016-01-01

There is an accumulating research base that supports the effectiveness of formative assessment practices in enhancing the quality of educational outcomes, yet research findings seem to indicate sluggish implementation of these formative assessment strategies in the classrooms. Many factors influence teachers' formative assessment practices…

Focus on Formative Feedback. Research Report. ETS RR-07-11

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Shute, Valerie J.

2007-01-01

This paper reviews the corpus of research on feedback, with a particular focus on formative feedback--defined as information communicated to the learner that is intended to modify the learner's thinking or behavior for the purpose of improving learning. According to researchers in the area, formative feedback should be multidimensional,…

The Yin and Yang of Formative Research in Designing Serious (Exer-)games.

PubMed

DeSmet, Ann; Palmeira, António; Beltran, Alicia; Brand, Leah; Davies, Vanessa Fernandes; Thompson, Debbe

2015-02-01

Despite its relevance, formative research on games may be an undervalued part of the game development process. At the 2014 International Society of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity exergaming preconference satellite meeting, a roundtable discussion was held to assemble experiences and suggestions on enhancing the use of formative research in the development of active videogames (i.e., exergames). This article presents a summary of the concepts discussed. The discussants concluded that, although formative research may slightly expand the project timeline, the potential benefits include a game more in line with preferences of the intended users, with better operationalized theoretical constructs and broader stakeholder support, facilitating implementation and sustainability. It also improves the efficiency of other research parts because of a lower dropout rate of participants. Formative, qualitative research is thus a necessary complement to quantitative measurements of intervention outcomes, in a sort of Yin and Yang dynamic. An adapted version of formative research that casts a wider net may, however, be needed, involving both behavioral scientists and game developers, expanding the topics beyond the game's looks and soliciting the opinions of a larger group of stakeholders, such as implementers, gatekeepers, and funders.

Formative research and stakeholder participation in intervention development.

PubMed

Vastine, Amy; Gittelsohn, Joel; Ethelbah, Becky; Anliker, Jean; Caballero, Benjamin

2005-01-01

To present a model for using formative research and stakeholder participation to develop a community-based dietary intervention targeting American Indians. Formative research included interviews, assessment of food- purchasing frequency and preparation methods, and dietary recalls. Stakeholders contributed to intervention development through formative research, a program planning workshop, group feedback, and implementation training. Foods high in fat and sugar are commonly consumed. Barriers to healthy eating include low availability, perceived high cost, and poor flavor. Stakeholder participation contributed to the development of a culturally appropriate intervention. This approach resulted in project acceptance, stakeholder collaboration, and a culturally appropriate program.

"Straitjacket" or "Springboard for Sustainable Learning"? The Implications of Formative Assessment Practices in Vocational Learning Cultures

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Davies, Jenifer; Ecclestone, Kathryn

2008-01-01

In contrast to theoretical and empirical insights from research into formative assessment in compulsory schooling, understanding the relationship between formative assessment, motivation and learning in vocational education has been a topic neglected by researchers. The Improving Formative Assessment project (IFA) addresses this gap, using a…

Using Reflective Practice to Incorporate Formative Assessment in a Middle School Science Classroom: A Participatory Action Research Study

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Trauth-Nare, Amy; Buck, Gayle

2011-01-01

Our purpose was to investigate the efficacy of using reflective practice to guide our action research study of incorporating formative assessment into middle school science teaching and learning. Using participatory action research, we worked collaboratively to incorporate formative assessment into two instructional units, and then engaged in…

The Role of Formative Research in Evaluating Specific Curriculum-Based Television Programs at the Primary Level.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Teachman, Goody; Zuckernick, Arlene

Formative research of Math Patrol, curriculum-based television program in mathematics at the primary level, was carried out as part of a research and evaluation project at the Ontario Educational Communications Authority (OECA). The series, which utilizes plasticene animations, consists of 15-minute magazine format programs which introduce and…

Adiabatic shear mechanisms for the hard cutting process

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yue, Caixu; Wang, Bo; Liu, Xianli; Feng, Huize; Cai, Chunbin

2015-05-01

The most important consequence of adiabatic shear phenomenon is formation of sawtooth chip. Lots of scholars focused on the formation mechanism of sawtooth, and the research often depended on experimental approach. For the present, the mechanism of sawtooth chip formation still remains some ambiguous aspects. This study develops a combined numerical and experimental approach to get deeper understanding of sawtooth chip formation mechanism for Polycrystalline Cubic Boron Nitride (PCBN) tools orthogonal cutting hard steel GCr15. By adopting the Johnson-Cook material constitutive equations, the FEM simulation model established in this research effectively overcomes serious element distortions and cell singularity in high strain domain caused by large material deformation, and the adiabatic shear phenomenon is simulated successfully. Both the formation mechanism and process of sawtooth are simulated. Also, the change features regarding the cutting force as well as its effects on temperature are studied. More specifically, the contact of sawtooth formation frequency with cutting force fluctuation frequency is established. The cutting force and effect of cutting temperature on mechanism of adiabatic shear are investigated. Furthermore, the effects of the cutting condition on sawtooth chip formation are researched. The researching results show that cutting feed has the most important effect on sawtooth chip formation compared with cutting depth and speed. This research contributes a better understanding of mechanism, feature of chip formation in hard turning process, and supplies theoretical basis for the optimization of hard cutting process parameters.

Linked Ocean Data

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Leadbetter, Adam; Arko, Robert; Chandler, Cynthia; Shepherd, Adam

2014-05-01

"Linked Data" is a term used in Computer Science to encapsulate a methodology for publishing data and metadata in a structured format so that links may be created and exploited between objects. Berners-Lee (2006) outlines the following four design principles of a Linked Data system: Use Uniform Resource Identifiers (URIs) as names for things. Use HyperText Transfer Protocol (HTTP) URIs so that people can look up those names. When someone looks up a URI, provide useful information, using the standards (Resource Description Framework [RDF] and the RDF query language [SPARQL]). Include links to other URIs so that they can discover more things. In 2010, Berners-Lee revisited his original design plan for Linked Data to encourage data owners along a path to "good Linked Data". This revision involved the creation of a five star rating system for Linked Data outlined below. One star: Available on the web (in any format). Two stars: Available as machine-readable structured data (e.g. An Excel spreadsheet instead of an image scan of a table). Three stars: As two stars plus the use of a non-proprietary format (e.g. Comma Separated Values instead of Excel). Four stars: As three stars plus the use of open standards from the World Wide Web Commission (W3C) (i.e. RDF and SPARQL) to identify things, so that people can point to your data and metadata. Five stars: All the above plus link your data to other people's data to provide context Here we present work building on the SeaDataNet common vocabularies served by the NERC Vocabulary Server, connecting projects such as the Rolling Deck to Repository (R2R) and the Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO) and other vocabularies such as the Marine Metadata Interoperability Ontology Register and Repository and the NASA Global Change Master Directory to create a Linked Ocean Data cloud. Publishing the vocabularies and metadata in standard RDF XML and exposing SPARQL endpoints renders them five-star Linked Data repositories. The benefits of this approach include: increased interoperability between the metadata created by projects; improved data discovery as users of SeaDataNet, R2R and BCO-DMO terms can find data using labels with which they are familiar both standard tools and newly developed custom tools may be used to explore the data; and using standards means the custom tools are easier to develop Linked Data is a concept which has been in existence for nearly a decade, and has a simple set of formal best practices associated with it. Linked Data is increasingly being seen as a driver of the next generation of "community science" activities. While many data providers in the oceanographic domain may be unaware of Linked Data, they may also be providing it at one of its lower levels. Here we have shown that it is possible to deliver the highest standard of Linked Oceanographic Data, and some of the benefits of the approach.

There Is Another Choice: An Exploration of Integrating Formative Assessment in a Chinese High School Chemistry Classroom through Collaborative Action Research

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Yin, Xinying; Buck, Gayle A.

2015-01-01

This study explored integrating formative assessment to a Chinese high school chemistry classroom, where the extremely high-stakes testing and Confucian-heritage culture constituted a particular context, through a collaborative action research. One researcher worked with a high school chemistry teacher in China to integrate formative assessment…

Integrating formative assessment and participatory research: Building healthier communities in the CHILE Project

PubMed Central

Sussman, Andrew L.; Davis, Sally

2013-01-01

Background The need to conduct formative assessment to inform the development of interventional studies has been increasingly recognized in community-based health research. While this purpose alone may provide sufficient justification to conduct formative assessment, researchers are also recognizing the importance of such efforts with regard to partnership building. Purpose This article reports a formative assessment process in a large scale randomized controlled trial in New Mexico aimed at preventing obesity in rural American Indian and Hispanic children in Head Start programs. Methods We interviewed Head Start staff and conducted observations to understand the context of food service and physical activity in these sites. We also collected data from other community partners, including grocery store managers and primary care providers, to assess appropriate strategies regarding their engagement in the study. Results Formative assessment findings helped modify the planned intervention while allowing for variation relevant to cultural and Head Start organizational conditions in each community. Rather than view formative assessment only as a planning phase of the research, our experience illustrates the need to conceptualize these activities more broadly. Discussion Integrating formative assessment and participatory research raises the need to address the challenge of ensuring standardization and consistency across varied community settings, the evolving nature of initial formative relationships and the need to build trust in academic/community partnerships. Translation to Health Education Practice In our work with American Indian and Hispanic communities in New Mexico, formative assessment represents a partnership building opportunity. PMID:23745177

Web-Based Learning for Cultural Heritage: First Experienced with Students of the Private University of Technology in Northern Taiwan

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yen, Y.-N.; Wu, Y.-W.; Weng, K.-H.

2013-07-01

E-learning assisted teaching and learning is the trend of the 21st century and has many advantages - freedom from the constraints of time and space, hypertext and multimedia rich resources - enhancing the interaction between students and the teaching materials. The purpose of this study is to explore how rich Internet resources assisted students with the Western Architectural History course. First, we explored the Internet resources which could assist teaching and learning activities. Second, according to course objectives, we built a web-based platform which integrated the Google spreadsheets form, SIMILE widget, Wikipedia and the Google Maps and applied it to the course of Western Architectural History. Finally, action research was applied to understanding the effectiveness of this teaching/learning mode. Participants were the students of the Department of Architecture in the Private University of Technology in northern Taiwan. Results showed that students were willing to use the web-based platform to assist their learning. They found this platform to be useful in understanding the relationship between different periods of buildings. Through the view of the map mode, this platform also helped students expand their international perspective. However, we found that the information shared by students via the Internet were not completely correct. One possible reason was that students could easily acquire information on Internet but they could not determine the correctness of the information. To conclude, this study found some useful and rich resources that could be well-integrated, from which we built a web-based platform to collect information and present this information in diverse modes to stimulate students' learning motivation. We recommend that future studies should consider hiring teaching assistants in order to ease the burden on teachers, and to assist in the maintenance of information quality.

Pilot test of cooperative learning format for training mental health researchers and black community leaders in partnership skills.

PubMed

Laborde, Danielle J; Brannock, Kristen; Breland-Noble, Alfiee; Parrish, Theodore

2007-12-01

To support reduction of racial disparities in mental health diagnosis and treatment, mental health researchers and black community-based organization (CBO) leaders need training on how to engage in collaborative research partnerships. In this study, we pilot tested a series of partnership skills training modules for researchers and CBO leaders in a collaborative learning format. Two different sets of three modules, designed for separate training of researchers and CBO leaders, covered considering, establishing and managing mental health research partnerships and included instructions for self-directed activities and discussions. Eight CBO leaders participated in 10 sessions, and six researchers participated in eight sessions. The effectiveness of the training content and format was evaluated through standardized observations, focus group discussions, participant evaluation forms and retrospective pre-/posttests to measure perceived gains in knowledge. Participants generally were satisfied with the training experience and gained new partnership knowledge and skills. Although the CBO leaders were more engaged in the cooperative learning process, this training format appealed to both audiences. Pilot testing demonstrated that: 1) our modules can equip researchers and CBO leaders with new partnership knowledge and skills and 2) the cooperative learning format is a well-received and suitable option for mental health research partnership training.

Enhancing Research and Practice in Early Childhood through Formative and Design Experiments

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bradley, Barbara A.; Reinking, David

2011-01-01

This article describes formative and design experiments and how they can advance research and instructional practices in early childhood education. We argue that this relatively new approach to education research closes the gap between research and practice, and it addresses limitations that have been identified in early childhood research. We…

HYPERCLIPS

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hill, R. W.

1994-01-01

The integration of CLIPS into HyperCard combines the intuitive, interactive user interface of the Macintosh with the powerful symbolic computation of an expert system interpreter. HyperCard is an excellent environment for quickly developing the front end of an application with buttons, dialogs, and pictures, while the CLIPS interpreter provides a powerful inference engine for complex problem solving and analysis. In order to understand the benefit of integrating HyperCard and CLIPS, consider the following: HyperCard is an information storage and retrieval system which exploits the use of the graphics and user interface capabilities of the Apple Macintosh computer. The user can easily define buttons, dialog boxes, information templates, pictures, and graphic displays through the use of the HyperCard tools and scripting language. What is generally lacking in this environment is a powerful reasoning engine for complex problem solving, and this is where CLIPS plays a role. CLIPS 5.0 (C Language Integrated Production System, v5.0) was developed at the Johnson Space Center Software Technology Branch to allow artificial intelligence research, development, and delivery on conventional computers. CLIPS 5.0 supports forward chaining rule systems, object-oriented language, and procedural programming for the construction of expert systems. It features incremental reset, seven conflict resolution stategies, truth maintenance, and user-defined external functions. Since CLIPS is implemented in the C language it is highly portable; in addition, it is embeddable as a callable routine from a program written in another language such as Ada or Fortran. By integrating HyperCard and CLIPS the advantages and uses of both packages are made available for a wide range of applications: rapid prototyping of knowledge-based expert systems, interactive simulations of physical systems and intelligent control of hypertext processes, to name a few. HyperCLIPS 2.0 is written in C-Language (54%) and Pascal (46%) for Apple Macintosh computers running Macintosh System 6.0.2 or greater. HyperCLIPS requires HyperCard 1.2 or higher and at least 2Mb of RAM are recommended to run. An executable is provided. To compile the source code, the Macintosh Programmer's Workshop (MPW) version 3.0, CLIPS 5.0 (MSC-21927), and the MPW C-Language compiler are also required. NOTE: Installing this program under Macintosh System 7 requires HyperCard v2.1. This program is distributed on a 3.5 inch Macintosh format diskette. A copy of the program documentation is included on the diskette, but may be purchased separately. HyperCLIPS was developed in 1990 and version 2.0 was released in 1991. HyperCLIPS is a copyrighted work with all copyright vested in NASA. Apple, Macintosh, MPW, and HyperCard are registered trademarks of Apple Computer, Inc.

The Role of Formative Evaluation in Implementation Research and the QUERI Experience

PubMed Central

Stetler, Cheryl B; Legro, Marcia W; Wallace, Carolyn M; Bowman, Candice; Guihan, Marylou; Hagedorn, Hildi; Kimmel, Barbara; Sharp, Nancy D; Smith, Jeffrey L

2006-01-01

This article describes the importance and role of 4 stages of formative evaluation in our growing understanding of how to implement research findings into practice in order to improve the quality of clinical care. It reviews limitations of traditional approaches to implementation research and presents a rationale for new thinking and use of new methods. Developmental, implementation-focused, progress-focused, and interpretive evaluations are then defined and illustrated with examples from Veterans Health Administration Quality Enhancement Research Initiative projects. This article also provides methodologic details and highlights challenges encountered in actualizing formative evaluation within implementation research. PMID:16637954

Data to action: using formative research to develop intervention programs to increase physical activity in adolescent girls.

PubMed

Young, Deborah Rohm; Johnson, Carolyn C; Steckler, Allan; Gittelsohn, Joel; Saunders, Ruth P; Saksvig, Brit I; Ribisl, Kurt M; Lytle, Leslie A; McKenzie, Thomas L

2006-02-01

Formative research is used to inform intervention development, but the processes of transmitting results to intervention planners and incorporating information into intervention designs are not well documented. The authors describe how formative research results from the Trial of Activity for Adolescent Girls (TAAG) were transferred to planners to guide intervention development. Methods included providing oral and written reports, prioritizing recommendations, and cross-checking recommendations with intervention objectives and implementation strategies. Formative work influenced the intervention in many ways. For example, results indicated that middle schools offered only coeducational physical education and health education classes, so the TAAG intervention was designed to be appropriate for both sexes, and intervention strategies were developed to directly address girls' stated preferences (e.g., enjoyable activities, opportunity to socialize) and barriers (e.g., lack of skills, fear of injury) for physical activity. The challenges of using formative research for intervention development are discussed.

Integrating Data-Based Decision Making, Assessment for Learning and Diagnostic Testing in Formative Assessment

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Van der Kleij, Fabienne M.; Vermeulen, Jorine A.; Schildkamp, Kim; Eggen, Theo J. H .M.

2015-01-01

Recent research has highlighted the lack of a uniform definition of formative assessment, although its effectiveness is widely acknowledged. This paper addresses the theoretical differences and similarities amongst three approaches to formative assessment that are currently most frequently discussed in educational research literature: data-based…

There is another choice: an exploration of integrating formative assessment in a Chinese high school chemistry classroom through collaborative action research

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yin, Xinying; Buck, Gayle A.

2015-09-01

This study explored integrating formative assessment to a Chinese high school chemistry classroom, where the extremely high-stakes testing and Confucian-heritage culture constituted a particular context, through a collaborative action research. One researcher worked with a high school chemistry teacher in China to integrate formative assessment into his teaching with 54 students in one of his classes. Data resources included transcripts from planning sessions, lesson plans, teacher interviews, classroom observations, student work, student interviews and surveys. The findings of this study revealed that as the teacher allowed his original views about students' learning and assessment tasks to be challenged by the students' learning, his teaching practice and understandings of formative assessment were transformed. Students' learning experience was also examined in the formative assessment process. The potentials and challenges of integrating formative assessment in the Chinese high school science classroom are discussed. This study indicated that formative assessment is promising to implement in Chinese high school science classrooms to enhance students' learning and meet the imperative needs for high-stakes exam preparation as well; and writing formative assessment tasks are favorable in this particular socio-cultural context. Further, this study suggested that facilitating in-service science teachers to integrate formative assessment through collaborative action research is a powerful professional development on improving teaching and learning under the highly constraint context.

Growing and navigating the small world Web by local content

PubMed Central

Menczer, Filippo

2002-01-01

Can we model the scale-free distribution of Web hypertext degree under realistic assumptions about the behavior of page authors? Can a Web crawler efficiently locate an unknown relevant page? These questions are receiving much attention due to their potential impact for understanding the structure of the Web and for building better search engines. Here I investigate the connection between the linkage and content topology of Web pages. The relationship between a text-induced distance metric and a link-based neighborhood probability distribution displays a phase transition between a region where linkage is not determined by content and one where linkage decays according to a power law. This relationship is used to propose a Web growth model that is shown to accurately predict the distribution of Web page degree, based on textual content and assuming only local knowledge of degree for existing pages. A qualitatively similar phase transition is found between linkage and semantic distance, with an exponential decay tail. Both relationships suggest that efficient paths can be discovered by decentralized Web navigation algorithms based on textual and/or categorical cues. PMID:12381792

Growing and navigating the small world Web by local content

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Menczer, Filippo

2002-10-01

Can we model the scale-free distribution of Web hypertext degree under realistic assumptions about the behavior of page authors? Can a Web crawler efficiently locate an unknown relevant page? These questions are receiving much attention due to their potential impact for understanding the structure of the Web and for building better search engines. Here I investigate the connection between the linkage and content topology of Web pages. The relationship between a text-induced distance metric and a link-based neighborhood probability distribution displays a phase transition between a region where linkage is not determined by content and one where linkage decays according to a power law. This relationship is used to propose a Web growth model that is shown to accurately predict the distribution of Web page degree, based on textual content and assuming only local knowledge of degree for existing pages. A qualitatively similar phase transition is found between linkage and semantic distance, with an exponential decay tail. Both relationships suggest that efficient paths can be discovered by decentralized Web navigation algorithms based on textual and/or categorical cues.

Growing and navigating the small world Web by local content.

PubMed

Menczer, Filippo

2002-10-29

Can we model the scale-free distribution of Web hypertext degree under realistic assumptions about the behavior of page authors? Can a Web crawler efficiently locate an unknown relevant page? These questions are receiving much attention due to their potential impact for understanding the structure of the Web and for building better search engines. Here I investigate the connection between the linkage and content topology of Web pages. The relationship between a text-induced distance metric and a link-based neighborhood probability distribution displays a phase transition between a region where linkage is not determined by content and one where linkage decays according to a power law. This relationship is used to propose a Web growth model that is shown to accurately predict the distribution of Web page degree, based on textual content and assuming only local knowledge of degree for existing pages. A qualitatively similar phase transition is found between linkage and semantic distance, with an exponential decay tail. Both relationships suggest that efficient paths can be discovered by decentralized Web navigation algorithms based on textual and/or categorical cues.

Parasitology tutoring system: a hypermedia computer-based application.

PubMed

Theodoropoulos, G; Loumos, V

1994-02-14

The teaching of parasitology is a basic course in all life sciences curricula, and up to now no computer-assisted tutoring system has been developed for this purpose. By using Knowledge Pro, an object-oriented software development tool, a hypermedia tutoring system for teaching parasitology to college students was developed. Generally, a tutoring system contains a domain expert, a student model, a pedagogical expert and the user interface. In this project, particular emphasis was given to the user interface design and the expert knowledge representation. The system allows access to the educational material through hypermedia and indexing at the pace of the student. The hypermedia access is facilitated through key words defined as hypertext and objects in pictures defined as hyper-areas. The indexing access is based on a list of parameters that refers to various characteristics of the parasites, e.g. taxonomy, host, organ, etc. In addition, this indexing access can be used for testing the student's level of understanding. The advantages of this system are its user-friendliness, graphical interface and ability to incorporate new educational material in the area of parasitology.

Introducing the Internet.

PubMed

Pallen, M

1995-11-25

The benefits to medical practitioners of using the Internet are growing rapidly as the Internet becomes easier to use and ever more biomedical resources become available on line. The Internet is the largest computer network in the world; it is also a virtual community, larger than many nation states, with its own rules of behaviour or "netiquette." There are several types of Internet connection and various ways of acquiring a connection. Once connected, you can obtain, free of charge, programs that allow easy use of the Internet's resources and help on how to use these resources; you can access many of these resources through the hypertext references in the on line version of this series (go to http:@www.bmj.com/bmj/ to reach the electronic version). You can then explore the various methods for accessing, manipulating, or disseminating data on the Internet, such as electronic mail, telnet, file transfer protocol, and the world wide web. Results from a search of the world wide web for information on the rare condition of Recklinghausen's neurofibromatosis illustrate the breadth of medical information available on the Internet.

Decision Facilitator for Launch Operations using Intelligent Agents

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Thirumalainambi, Rajkumar; Bardina, Jorge

2005-01-01

Launch operations require millions of micro-decisions which contribute to the macro decision of 'Go/No-Go' for a launch. Knowledge workers"(such as managers and technical professionals) need information in a timely precise manner as it can greatly affect mission success. The intelligent agent (web search agent) uses the words of a hypertext markup language document which is connected through the internet. The intelligent agent's actions are to determine if its goal of seeking a website containing a specified target (e.g., keyword or phrase), has been met. There are few parameters that should be defined for the keyword search like "Go" and "No-Go". Instead of visiting launch and range decision making servers individually, the decision facilitator constantly connects to all servers, accumulating decisions so the final decision can be decided in a timely manner. The facilitator agent uses the singleton design pattern, which ensures that only a single instance of the facilitator agent exists at one time. Negotiations could proceed between many agents resulting in a final decision. This paper describes details of intelligent agents and their interaction to derive an unified decision support system.

Software Helps Retrieve Information Relevant to the User

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Mathe, Natalie; Chen, James

2003-01-01

The Adaptive Indexing and Retrieval Agent (ARNIE) is a code library, designed to be used by an application program, that assists human users in retrieving desired information in a hypertext setting. Using ARNIE, the program implements a computational model for interactively learning what information each human user considers relevant in context. The model, called a "relevance network," incrementally adapts retrieved information to users individual profiles on the basis of feedback from the users regarding specific queries. The model also generalizes such knowledge for subsequent derivation of relevant references for similar queries and profiles, thereby, assisting users in filtering information by relevance. ARNIE thus enables users to categorize and share information of interest in various contexts. ARNIE encodes the relevance and structure of information in a neural network dynamically configured with a genetic algorithm. ARNIE maintains an internal database, wherein it saves associations, and from which it returns associated items in response to a query. A C++ compiler for a platform on which ARNIE will be utilized is necessary for creating the ARNIE library but is not necessary for the execution of the software.

A Fluid Mechanics Hypercourse

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Fay, James A.; Sonwalkar, Nishikant

1996-05-01

This CD-ROM is designed to accompany James Fay's Introduction to Fluid Mechanics. An enhanced hypermedia version of the textbook, it offers a number of ways to explore the fluid mechanics domain. These include a complete hypertext version of the original book, physical-experiment video clips, excerpts from external references, audio annotations, colored graphics, review questions, and progressive hints for solving problems. Throughout, the authors provide expert guidance in navigating the typed links so that students do not get lost in the learning process. System requirements: Macintosh with 68030 or greater processor and with at least 16 Mb of RAM. Operating System 6.0.4 or later for 680x0 processor and System 7.1.2 or later for Power-PC. CD-ROM drive with 256- color capability. Preferred display 14 inches or above (SuperVGA with 1 megabyte of VRAM). Additional system font software: Computer Modern postscript fonts (CM/PS Screen Fonts, CMBSY10, and CMTT10) and Adobe Type Manager (ATM 3.0 or later). James A. Fay is Professor Emeritus and Senior Lecturer in the Department of Mechanical Engineering at MIT.

Operator Performance Support System (OPSS)

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Conklin, Marlen Z.

1993-01-01

In the complex and fast reaction world of military operations, present technologies, combined with tactical situations, have flooded the operator with assorted information that he is expected to process instantly. As technologies progress, this flow of data and information have both guided and overwhelmed the operator. However, the technologies that have confounded many operators today can be used to assist him -- thus the Operator Performance Support Team. In this paper we propose an operator support station that incorporates the elements of Video and Image Databases, productivity Software, Interactive Computer Based Training, Hypertext/Hypermedia Databases, Expert Programs, and Human Factors Engineering. The Operator Performance Support System will provide the operator with an integrating on-line information/knowledge system that will guide expert or novice to correct systems operations. Although the OPSS is being developed for the Navy, the performance of the workforce in today's competitive industry is of major concern. The concepts presented in this paper which address ASW systems software design issues are also directly applicable to industry. the OPSS will propose practical applications in how to more closely align the relationships between technical knowledge and equipment operator performance.

Exploratory visualization software for reporting environmental survey results.

PubMed

Fisher, P; Arnot, C; Bastin, L; Dykes, J

2001-08-01

Environmental surveys yield three principal products: maps, a set of data tables, and a textual report. The relationships between these three elements, however, are often cumbersome to present, making full use of all the information in an integrated and systematic sense difficult. The published paper report is only a partial solution. Modern developments in computing, particularly in cartography, GIS, and hypertext, mean that it is increasingly possible to conceive of an easier and more interactive approach to the presentation of such survey results. Here, we present such an approach which links map and tabular datasets arising from a vegetation survey, allowing users ready access to a complex dataset using dynamic mapping techniques. Multimedia datasets equipped with software like this provide an exciting means of quick and easy visual data exploration and comparison. These techniques are gaining popularity across the sciences as scientists and decision-makers are presented with increasing amounts of diverse digital data. We believe that the software environment actively encourages users to make complex interrogations of the survey information, providing a new vehicle for the reader of an environmental survey report.

Experimental Evaluation of Unicast and Multicast CoAP Group Communication

PubMed Central

Ishaq, Isam; Hoebeke, Jeroen; Moerman, Ingrid; Demeester, Piet

2016-01-01

The Internet of Things (IoT) is expanding rapidly to new domains in which embedded devices play a key role and gradually outnumber traditionally-connected devices. These devices are often constrained in their resources and are thus unable to run standard Internet protocols. The Constrained Application Protocol (CoAP) is a new alternative standard protocol that implements the same principals as the Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP), but is tailored towards constrained devices. In many IoT application domains, devices need to be addressed in groups in addition to being addressable individually. Two main approaches are currently being proposed in the IoT community for CoAP-based group communication. The main difference between the two approaches lies in the underlying communication type: multicast versus unicast. In this article, we experimentally evaluate those two approaches using two wireless sensor testbeds and under different test conditions. We highlight the pros and cons of each of them and propose combining these approaches in a hybrid solution to better suit certain use case requirements. Additionally, we provide a solution for multicast-based group membership management using CoAP. PMID:27455262

Software Assists in Responding to Anomalous Conditions

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

James, Mark; Kronbert, F.; Weiner, A.; Morgan, T.; Stroozas, B.; Girouard, F.; Hopkins, A.; Wong, L.; Kneubuhl, J.; Malina, R.

2004-01-01

Fault Induced Document Retrieval Officer (FIDO) is a computer program that reduces the need for a large and costly team of engineers and/or technicians to monitor the state of a spacecraft and associated ground systems and respond to anomalies. FIDO includes artificial-intelligence components that imitate the reasoning of human experts with reference to a knowledge base of rules that represent failure modes and to a database of engineering documentation. These components act together to give an unskilled operator instantaneous expert assistance and access to information that can enable resolution of most anomalies, without the need for highly paid experts. FIDO provides a system state summary (a configurable engineering summary) and documentation for diagnosis of a potentially failing component that might have caused a given error message or anomaly. FIDO also enables high-level browsing of documentation by use of an interface indexed to the particular error message. The collection of available documents includes information on operations and associated procedures, engineering problem reports, documentation of components, and engineering drawings. FIDO also affords a capability for combining information on the state of ground systems with detailed, hierarchically-organized, hypertext- enabled documentation.

AN OVERVIEW OF COMPUTATIONAL LIFE SCIENCE DATABASES & EXCHANGE FORMATS OF RELEVANCE TO CHEMICAL BIOLOGY RESEARCH

PubMed Central

Hall, Aaron Smalter; Shan, Yunfeng; Lushington, Gerald; Visvanathan, Mahesh

2016-01-01

Databases and exchange formats describing biological entities such as chemicals and proteins, along with their relationships, are a critical component of research in life sciences disciplines, including chemical biology wherein small information about small molecule properties converges with cellular and molecular biology. Databases for storing biological entities are growing not only in size, but also in type, with many similarities between them and often subtle differences. The data formats available to describe and exchange these entities are numerous as well. In general, each format is optimized for a particular purpose or database, and hence some understanding of these formats is required when choosing one for research purposes. This paper reviews a selection of different databases and data formats with the goal of summarizing their purposes, features, and limitations. Databases are reviewed under the categories of 1) protein interactions, 2) metabolic pathways, 3) chemical interactions, and 4) drug discovery. Representation formats will be discussed according to those describing chemical structures, and those describing genomic/proteomic entities. PMID:22934944

An overview of computational life science databases & exchange formats of relevance to chemical biology research.

PubMed

Smalter Hall, Aaron; Shan, Yunfeng; Lushington, Gerald; Visvanathan, Mahesh

2013-03-01

Databases and exchange formats describing biological entities such as chemicals and proteins, along with their relationships, are a critical component of research in life sciences disciplines, including chemical biology wherein small information about small molecule properties converges with cellular and molecular biology. Databases for storing biological entities are growing not only in size, but also in type, with many similarities between them and often subtle differences. The data formats available to describe and exchange these entities are numerous as well. In general, each format is optimized for a particular purpose or database, and hence some understanding of these formats is required when choosing one for research purposes. This paper reviews a selection of different databases and data formats with the goal of summarizing their purposes, features, and limitations. Databases are reviewed under the categories of 1) protein interactions, 2) metabolic pathways, 3) chemical interactions, and 4) drug discovery. Representation formats will be discussed according to those describing chemical structures, and those describing genomic/proteomic entities.

Protestant Evangelical Christian Fathers and Their Intentional Involvement in the Relational Christian Spiritual Formation of Their Children

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Clark, Steve Richard

2013-01-01

This quantitative study explored paternal intentional involvement in the relational spiritual formation of their children. The main research question was to what degree are Protestant Evangelical fathers intentionally involved in the relational spiritual formation of their children? The research was based on two domains: relational spiritual…

The Use of Social Survey Data in the Development of Formative Evaluations.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

York, John D.

Evaluators who perform formative evaluations would be well served to apprise themselves of recent survey research in framing formative evaluations. Illustrative examples are used from research into such diverse areas of activity as: the development of identities attached to different forms of modern rock and roll; the rationales that juvenile…

A Quantitative Comparative Study Measuring Consumer Satisfaction Based on Health Record Format

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Moore, Vivianne E.

2013-01-01

This research study used a quantitative comparative method to investigate the relationship between consumer satisfaction and communication based on the format of health record. The central problem investigated in this research study related to the format of health record used and consumer satisfaction with care provided and effect on communication…

Investigating Computer-Based Formative Assessments in a Medical Terminology Course

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wilbanks, Jammie T.

2012-01-01

Research has been conducted on the effectiveness of formative assessments and on effectively teaching medical terminology; however, research had not been conducted on the use of formative assessments in a medical terminology course. A quantitative study was performed which captured data from a pretest, self-assessment, four module exams, and a…

Reference Manual for Machine-Readable Descriptions of Research Projects and Institutions.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Dierickx, Harold; Hopkinson, Alan

This reference manual presents a standardized communication format for the exchange between databases or other information services of machine-readable information on research in progress. The manual is produced in loose-leaf format to facilitate updating. Its first section defines in broad outline the format and content of applicable records. A…

Interactive Game for Teaching Laser Amplification Used at the National Ignition Facility

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Lin, E

The purpose of this project was to create an interactive game to expose high school students to concepts in laser amplification by demonstrating the National Ignition Facility's main amplifier at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. To succeed, the game had to be able to communicate effectively the basic concepts of laser amplification as accurately as possible and to be capable of exposing as many students as possible. Since concepts need to be communicated in a way that students understand, the Science Content Standards for California Public Schools were used to make assumptions about high school students knowledge of light. Effectively communicatingmore » a new concept necessitates the omission on terminology and symbolism. Therefore, creating a powerful experience was ideal for communicating this material. Various methods of reinforcing this experience ranging from color choice to abstractions kept the student focused on the game to maximize concept retention. The program was created in Java to allow the creation of a Java Applet that can be embedded onto a webpage, which is a perfect medium for mass exposure. Because a game requires interaction, the game animations had to be easily manipulated to enable the program to respond to user input. Image sprites, as opposed to image folders, were used in these animations to minimize the number of Hypertext Transfer Protocol connections, and thus, significantly reduce the transfer time of necessary animation files. These image sprites were loaded and cropped into a list of animation frames. Since the caching of large transition animations caused the Java Virtual Machine to run out of memory, large animations were implemented as animated Graphics Interchange Format images since transitions require no interaction, and thus, no frame manipulation was needed. This reduced the animation's memory footprint. The first version of this game was completed during this project. Future work for the project could include the creation of focus groups to assess the effectiveness of communicating material through an interactive game. Numerical assessments programmed into the game could also be used to collect statistics that reflect difficulty or level of frustration that students experience.« less

Mobile Technology for Improved Family Planning (MOTIF): the development of a mobile phone-based (mHealth) intervention to support post-abortion family planning (PAFP) in Cambodia.

PubMed

Smith, Chris; Vannak, Uk; Sokhey, Ly; Ngo, Thoai D; Gold, Judy; Free, Caroline

2016-01-05

The objective of this paper is to outline the formative research process used to develop the MOTIF mobile phone-based (mHealth) intervention to support post-abortion family planning in Cambodia. The formative research process involved literature reviews, interviews and focus group discussions with clients, and consultation with clinicians and organisations implementing mHealth activities in Cambodia. This process led to the development of a conceptual framework and the intervention. Key findings from the formative research included identification of the main reasons for non-use of contraception and patterns of mobile phone use in Cambodia. We drew on components of existing interventions and behaviour change theory to develop a conceptual framework. A multi-faceted voice-based intervention was designed to address health concerns and other key determinants of contraception use. Formative research was essential in order to develop an appropriate mHealth intervention to support post-abortion contraception in Cambodia. Each component of the formative research contributed to the final intervention design.

Planet Formation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Klahr, Hubert; Brandner, Wolfgang

2006-05-01

This volume addresses fundamental questions concerning the formation of planetary systems in general, and of our solar system in particular. Drawing from recent advances in observational, experimental, and theoretical research, it summarises our current understanding of the planet formation processes, and addresses major open questions and research issues. Chapters are written by leading experts in the field of planet formation and extrasolar planet studies. The book is based on a meeting held at Ringberg Castle in Bavaria, where experts gathered together to present and exchange their ideas and findings. It is a comprehensive resource for graduate students and researchers, and is written to be accessible to newcomers to the field.

NOx formation in combustion of gaseous fuel in ejection burner

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rimár, Miroslav; Kulikov, Andrii

2016-06-01

The aim of this work is to prepare model for researching of the formation in combustion of gaseous fuels. NOx formation is one of the main ecological problems nowadays as nitrogen oxides is one of main reasons of acid rains. The ANSYS model was designed according to the calculation to provide full combustion and good mixing of the fuel and air. The current model is appropriate to research NOx formation and the influence of the different principles of NOx reduction method. Applying of designed model should spare both time of calculations and research and also money as you do not need to measure the burner characteristics.

Keemei: cloud-based validation of tabular bioinformatics file formats in Google Sheets.

PubMed

Rideout, Jai Ram; Chase, John H; Bolyen, Evan; Ackermann, Gail; González, Antonio; Knight, Rob; Caporaso, J Gregory

2016-06-13

Bioinformatics software often requires human-generated tabular text files as input and has specific requirements for how those data are formatted. Users frequently manage these data in spreadsheet programs, which is convenient for researchers who are compiling the requisite information because the spreadsheet programs can easily be used on different platforms including laptops and tablets, and because they provide a familiar interface. It is increasingly common for many different researchers to be involved in compiling these data, including study coordinators, clinicians, lab technicians and bioinformaticians. As a result, many research groups are shifting toward using cloud-based spreadsheet programs, such as Google Sheets, which support the concurrent editing of a single spreadsheet by different users working on different platforms. Most of the researchers who enter data are not familiar with the formatting requirements of the bioinformatics programs that will be used, so validating and correcting file formats is often a bottleneck prior to beginning bioinformatics analysis. We present Keemei, a Google Sheets Add-on, for validating tabular files used in bioinformatics analyses. Keemei is available free of charge from Google's Chrome Web Store. Keemei can be installed and run on any web browser supported by Google Sheets. Keemei currently supports the validation of two widely used tabular bioinformatics formats, the Quantitative Insights into Microbial Ecology (QIIME) sample metadata mapping file format and the Spatially Referenced Genetic Data (SRGD) format, but is designed to easily support the addition of others. Keemei will save researchers time and frustration by providing a convenient interface for tabular bioinformatics file format validation. By allowing everyone involved with data entry for a project to easily validate their data, it will reduce the validation and formatting bottlenecks that are commonly encountered when human-generated data files are first used with a bioinformatics system. Simplifying the validation of essential tabular data files, such as sample metadata, will reduce common errors and thereby improve the quality and reliability of research outcomes.

75 FR 16140 - Common Formats for Patient Safety Data Collection and Event Reporting

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-03-31

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A call for theory to support the use of causal-formative indicators: A commentary on Bollen and Diamantopoulos (2017).

PubMed

Hardin, Andrew

2017-09-01

In this issue, Bollen and Diamantopoulos (2017) defend causal-formative indicators against several common criticisms leveled by scholars who oppose their use. In doing so, the authors make several convincing assertions: Constructs exist independently from their measures; theory determines whether indicators cause or measure latent variables; and reflective and causal-formative indicators are both subject to interpretational confounding. However, despite being a well-reasoned, comprehensive defense of causal-formative indicators, no single article can address all of the issues associated with this debate. Thus, Bollen and Diamantopoulos leave a few fundamental issues unresolved. For example, how can researchers establish the reliability of indicators that may include measurement error? Moreover, how should researchers interpret disturbance terms that capture sources of influence related to both the empirical definition of the latent variable and to the theoretical definition of the construct? Relatedly, how should researchers reconcile the requirement for a census of causal-formative indicators with the knowledge that indicators are likely missing from the empirically estimated latent variable? This commentary develops 6 related research questions to draw attention to these fundamental issues, and to call for future research that can lead to the development of theory to guide the use of causal-formative indicators. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2017 APA, all rights reserved).

Critical Incidents as Formative Influences on the Work of Educational Researchers: Understanding an Insider Perspective through Narrative Enquiry

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Holligan, Chris; Wilson, Michael

2015-01-01

Drawing on insights from phenomenological sociology and various strands of socio-cultural theory, this paper reports the findings of a qualitative investigation into critical incidents as formative influences in the research orientation and research cultivation of 22 academics working in research-intensive university education departments. The…

Toolsets for Airborne Data (TAD): Improving Machine Readability for ICARTT Data Files

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Northup, E. A.; Early, A. B.; Beach, A. L., III; Kusterer, J.; Quam, B.; Wang, D.; Chen, G.

2015-12-01

NASA has conducted airborne tropospheric chemistry studies for about three decades. These field campaigns have generated a great wealth of observations, including a wide range of the trace gases and aerosol properties. The ASDC Toolsets for Airborne Data (TAD) is designed to meet the user community needs for manipulating aircraft data for scientific research on climate change and air quality relevant issues. TAD makes use of aircraft data stored in the International Consortium for Atmospheric Research on Transport and Transformation (ICARTT) file format. ICARTT has been the NASA standard since 2010, and is widely used by NOAA, NSF, and international partners (DLR, FAAM). Its level of acceptance is due in part to it being generally self-describing for researchers, i.e., it provides necessary data descriptions for proper research use. Despite this, there are a number of issues with the current ICARTT format, especially concerning the machine readability. In order to overcome these issues, the TAD team has developed an "idealized" file format. This format is ASCII and is sufficiently machine readable to sustain the TAD system, however, it is not fully compatible with the current ICARTT format. The process of mapping ICARTT metadata to the idealized format, the format specifics, and the actual conversion process will be discussed. The goal of this presentation is to demonstrate an example of how to improve the machine readability of ASCII data format protocols.

Examining the Role of Religiosity in Moral Cognition, Specifically in the Formation of Sacred Values, and Researching Computational Models for Analyzing Sacred Rhetoric and its Consequential Emotions

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-08-13

AFRL-AFOSR-VA-TR-2015-0270 Examining the Role of Religiosity in Moral Cognition, Specifically in the Formation of Sacred Values, and Researching...Computational Models for Analyzing Sacred Rhetoric and its Consequential Emotions Morteza Dehghani UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES Final...SUBTITLE (YIP-12) Examining the Role of Religiosity in Moral Cognition, Specifically in the Formation of Sacred Values, and Researching Computational

High School Learning Environments: Hybrid versus Traditional Formats

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Clifton, Mary Beth

2017-01-01

This research study examined the effects of hybrid course format as compared to face-to-face instruction format in a high school setting. At this time, there is little research on hybrid courses in the secondary schools. The quantitative portion of this ex post facto study utilized causal comparative design. Student data was collected from teacher…

Teachers and Testing: An Investigation into Teachers' Perceptions of Formative Assessment

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Sach, Elizabeth

2012-01-01

Research conducted within the past decade contributes much to an understanding of the role and potential value of formative assessment in learning. As an Advisory Teacher within a local authority, the researcher was interested to find out how teachers actually perceive formative assessment. This study therefore set out to investigate the range and…

Formative Self-Assessment College Classes Improves Self-Regulation and Retention in First/Second Year Community College Students

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Mahlberg, Jamie

2015-01-01

This research examined the influence formative self-assessment had on first/second year community college student self-regulatory practices. Previous research has shown that the ability to regulate one's learning activities can improve performance in college classes, and it has long been known that the use of formative assessment improves…

Web 2.0 applications in medicine: trends and topics in the literature.

PubMed

Boudry, Christophe

2015-04-01

The World Wide Web has changed research habits, and these changes were further expanded when "Web 2.0" became popular in 2005. Bibliometrics is a helpful tool used for describing patterns of publication, for interpreting progression over time, and the geographical distribution of research in a given field. Few studies employing bibliometrics, however, have been carried out on the correlative nature of scientific literature and Web 2.0. The aim of this bibliometric analysis was to provide an overview of Web 2.0 implications in the biomedical literature. The objectives were to assess the growth rate of literature, key journals, authors, and country contributions, and to evaluate whether the various Web 2.0 applications were expressed within this biomedical literature, and if so, how. A specific query with keywords chosen to be representative of Web 2.0 applications was built for the PubMed database. Articles related to Web 2.0 were downloaded in Extensible Markup Language (XML) and were processed through developed hypertext preprocessor (PHP) scripts, then imported to Microsoft Excel 2010 for data processing. A total of 1347 articles were included in this study. The number of articles related to Web 2.0 has been increasing from 2002 to 2012 (average annual growth rate was 106.3% with a maximum of 333% in 2005). The United States was by far the predominant country for authors, with 514 articles (54.0%; 514/952). The second and third most productive countries were the United Kingdom and Australia, with 87 (9.1%; 87/952) and 44 articles (4.6%; 44/952), respectively. Distribution of number of articles per author showed that the core population of researchers working on Web 2.0 in the medical field could be estimated at approximately 75. In total, 614 journals were identified during this analysis. Using Bradford's law, 27 core journals were identified, among which three (Studies in Health Technology and Informatics, Journal of Medical Internet Research, and Nucleic Acids Research) produced more than 35 articles related to Web 2.0 over the period studied. A total of 274 words in the field of Web 2.0 were found after manual sorting of the 15,878 words appearing in title and abstract fields for articles. Word frequency analysis reveals "blog" as the most recurrent, followed by "wiki", "Web 2.0", "social media", "Facebook", "social networks", "blogger", "cloud computing", "Twitter", and "blogging". All categories of Web 2.0 applications were found, indicating the successful integration of Web 2.0 into the biomedical field. This study shows that the biomedical community is engaged in the use of Web 2.0 and confirms its high level of interest in these tools. Therefore, changes in the ways researchers use information seem to be far from over.

Formative Qualitative Evaluation for "Exploratory" ITS Research.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Murray, Tom

1993-01-01

Discusses evaluation methods applicable to exploratory research areas, provides an overview of qualitative and formative methods for exploratory research on intelligent tutoring systems (ITS) and describes an exploratory study in ITS knowledge acquisition which involved working with three educators to build an ITS for high school physics.…

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2012-12-19

...: Proposed Collection; Comment Request--Generic Clearance To Conduct Formative Research AGENCY: Food and.... This information collection will conduct research in support of FNS' goal of delivering science-based... target audience, FNS plans to conduct data collections that involve formative research including focus...

Ice Accretion Formations on a NACA 0012 Swept Wing Tip in Natural Icing Conditions

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Vargas, Mario; Giriunas, Julius A.; Ratvasky, Thomas P.

2002-01-01

An experiment was conducted in the DeHavilland DHC-6 Twin Otter Icing Research Aircraft at NASA Glenn Research Center to study the formation of ice accretions on swept wings in natural icing conditions. The experiment was designed to obtain ice accretion data to help determine if the mechanisms of ice accretion formation observed in the Icing Research Tunnel are present in natural icing conditions. The experiment in the Twin Otter was conducted using a NACA 0012 swept wing tip. The model enabled data acquisition at 0 deg, 15 deg, 25 deg, 30 deg, and 45 deg sweep angles. Casting data, ice shape tracings, and close-up photographic data were obtained. The results showed that the mechanisms of ice accretion formation observed in-flight agree well with the ones observed in the Icing Research Tunnel. Observations on the end cap of the airfoil showed the same strong effect of the local sweep angle on the formation of scallops as observed in the tunnel.

Improving protein–protein interactions prediction accuracy using protein evolutionary information and relevance vector machine model

PubMed Central

An, Ji‐Yong; Meng, Fan‐Rong; Chen, Xing; Yan, Gui‐Ying; Hu, Ji‐Pu

2016-01-01

Abstract Predicting protein–protein interactions (PPIs) is a challenging task and essential to construct the protein interaction networks, which is important for facilitating our understanding of the mechanisms of biological systems. Although a number of high‐throughput technologies have been proposed to predict PPIs, there are unavoidable shortcomings, including high cost, time intensity, and inherently high false positive rates. For these reasons, many computational methods have been proposed for predicting PPIs. However, the problem is still far from being solved. In this article, we propose a novel computational method called RVM‐BiGP that combines the relevance vector machine (RVM) model and Bi‐gram Probabilities (BiGP) for PPIs detection from protein sequences. The major improvement includes (1) Protein sequences are represented using the Bi‐gram probabilities (BiGP) feature representation on a Position Specific Scoring Matrix (PSSM), in which the protein evolutionary information is contained; (2) For reducing the influence of noise, the Principal Component Analysis (PCA) method is used to reduce the dimension of BiGP vector; (3) The powerful and robust Relevance Vector Machine (RVM) algorithm is used for classification. Five‐fold cross‐validation experiments executed on yeast and Helicobacter pylori datasets, which achieved very high accuracies of 94.57 and 90.57%, respectively. Experimental results are significantly better than previous methods. To further evaluate the proposed method, we compare it with the state‐of‐the‐art support vector machine (SVM) classifier on the yeast dataset. The experimental results demonstrate that our RVM‐BiGP method is significantly better than the SVM‐based method. In addition, we achieved 97.15% accuracy on imbalance yeast dataset, which is higher than that of balance yeast dataset. The promising experimental results show the efficiency and robust of the proposed method, which can be an automatic decision support tool for future proteomics research. For facilitating extensive studies for future proteomics research, we developed a freely available web server called RVM‐BiGP‐PPIs in Hypertext Preprocessor (PHP) for predicting PPIs. The web server including source code and the datasets are available at http://219.219.62.123:8888/BiGP/. PMID:27452983

A Quantitative Assessment of Student Performance and Examination Format

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Davison, Christopher B.; Dustova, Gandzhina

2017-01-01

This research study describes the correlations between student performance and examination format in a higher education teaching and research institution. The researchers employed a quantitative, correlational methodology utilizing linear regression analysis. The data was obtained from undergraduate student test scores over a three-year time span.…

75 FR 47600 - Agency Information Collection Activities; Submission for Office of Management and Budget Review...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-08-06

... (Tobacco Control Act), FDA must conduct research and studies relating to the control and prevention of... such research, FDA will employ formative pretests to assess the likely effectiveness of tobacco..., formative research will provide critical knowledge about target audiences such as adolescents, adults...

Teacher Professional Development Focused on Formative Assessment: Changing Teachers, Changing Schools. Research Report. ETS RR-09-10

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wylie, E. Caroline; Lyon, Christine J.; Goe, Laura

2009-01-01

This paper outlines an approach to improving learning and teaching that combines two strong research bases: The research on formative assessment or assessment for learning provides information about what to change; research on teacher learning communities guides decisions about how to change. In this paper we describe the content and process for…

An overview of the cosmic dust analogue material production in reduced gravity: the STARDUST experience

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Ferguson, F.; Lilleleht, L. U.; Nuth, J.; Stephens, J. R.; Bussoletti, E.; Colangeli, L.; Mennella, V.; Dell'Aversana, P.; Mirra, C.

1993-01-01

The formation, properties and chemical dynamics of microparticles are important in a wide variety of technical and scientific fields including synthesis of semiconductor crystals from the vapour, heterogeneous chemistry in the stratosphere and the formation of cosmic dust surrounding the stars. Gravitational effects on particle formation from vapors include gas convection and buoyancy and particle sedimentation. These processes can be significantly reduced by studying condensation and agglomeration of particles in microgravity. In addition, to accurately simulate particle formation near stars, which takes place under low gravity conditions, studies in microgravity are desired. We report here the STARDUST experience, a recent collaborative effort that brings together a successful American program of microgravity experiments on particle formation aboard NASA KC-135 Reduced Gravity Research Aircraft and several Italian research groups with expertise in microgravity research and astrophysical dust formation. The program goal is to study the formation and properties of high temperature particles and gases that are of interest in astrophysics and planetary science. To do so we are developing techniques that are generally applicable to study particle formation and properties, taking advantage of the microgravity environment to allow accurate control of system parameters.

Interpretational confounding is due to misspecification, not to type of indicator: comment on Howell, Breivik, and Wilcox (2007).

PubMed

Bollen, Kenneth A

2007-06-01

R. D. Howell, E. Breivik, and J. B. Wilcox (2007) have argued that causal (formative) indicators are inherently subject to interpretational confounding. That is, they have argued that using causal (formative) indicators leads the empirical meaning of a latent variable to be other than that assigned to it by a researcher. Their critique of causal (formative) indicators rests on several claims: (a) A latent variable exists apart from the model when there are effect (reflective) indicators but not when there are causal (formative) indicators, (b) causal (formative) indicators need not have the same consequences, (c) causal (formative) indicators are inherently subject to interpretational confounding, and (d) a researcher cannot detect interpretational confounding when using causal (formative) indicators. This article shows that each claim is false. Rather, interpretational confounding is more a problem of structural misspecification of a model combined with an underidentified model that leaves these misspecifications undetected. Interpretational confounding does not occur if the model is correctly specified whether a researcher has causal (formative) or effect (reflective) indicators. It is the validity of a model not the type of indicator that determines the potential for interpretational confounding. Copyright 2007 APA, all rights reserved.

An overview of the cosmic dust analogue material production in reduced gravity: the STARDUST experience.

PubMed

Ferguson, F; Lilleleht, L U; Nuth, J; Stephens, J R; Bussoletti, E; Colangeli, L; Mennella, V; Dell'Aversana, P; Mirra, C

1993-01-01

The formation, properties and chemical dynamics of microparticles are important in a wide variety of technical and scientific fields including synthesis of semiconductor crystals from the vapour, heterogeneous chemistry in the stratosphere and the formation of cosmic dust surrounding the stars. Gravitational effects on particle formation from vapors include gas convection and buoyancy and particle sedimentation. These processes can be significantly reduced by studying condensation and agglomeration of particles in microgravity. In addition, to accurately simulate particle formation near stars, which takes place under low gravity conditions, studies in microgravity are desired. We report here the STARDUST experience, a recent collaborative effort that brings together a successful American program of microgravity experiments on particle formation aboard NASA KC-135 Reduced Gravity Research Aircraft and several Italian research groups with expertise in microgravity research and astrophysical dust formation. The program goal is to study the formation and properties of high temperature particles and gases that are of interest in astrophysics and planetary science. To do so we are developing techniques that are generally applicable to study particle formation and properties, taking advantage of the microgravity environment to allow accurate control of system parameters.

"Globalized public health." A transdisciplinary comprehensive framework for analyzing contemporary globalization's influences on the field of public health.

PubMed

Lapaige, Véronique

2009-01-01

The current phase of globalization represents a "double-edged sword" challenge facing public health practitioners and health policy makers. The first "edge" throws light on two constructs in the field of public health: global health (formerly international health) and globalized public health. The second "edge" is that of global governance, and raises the question, "how can we construct public health regulations that adequately respond to both global and local complexities related to the two constructs mentioned earlier (global health and globalized public health)?" The two constructs call for the development of norms that will assure sustained population-wide health improvement and these two constructs have their own conceptual tools and theoretical models that permit a better understanding of them. In this paper, we introduce the "globalized public health" construct and we present an interactive comprehensive framework for critically analyzing contemporary globalization's influences on the field of public health. "Globalized public health", simultaneously a theoretical model and a conceptual framework, concerns the transformation of the field of public health in the sociohistorical context of globalization. The model is the fruit of an original theoretical research study conducted from 2005 to 2008 ("contextualized research," Gibbons' Mode II of knowledge production), founded on a QUAL-quant sequential mixed-method design. This research also reflects our political and ideological position, fuelled with aspirations of social democracy and cosmopolitical values. It is profoundly anchored in the pragmatic approach to globalization, looking to "reconcile" the market and equity. The model offers several features to users: (1) it is transdisciplinary; (2) it is interactive (CD-ROM); (3) it is nonlinear (nonlinear interrelations between the contextual globalization and the field of public health); (4) it is synchronic/diachronic (a double-crossed perspective permits analysis of global social change, the emergence of global agency and the transmutation of the field of public health, in the full complexity of their nonlinear interaction); (5) it offers five characteristics as an auto-eco-organized system of social interactions, or dynamic, nonlinear sociohistorical system. The model features a visual interface (five interrelated figures), a structure of 30 "integrator concepts" that integrates 114 other element-parts via 1,300 hypertext links. The model is both a knowledge translation tool and an interactive heuristic guide designed for practitioners and researchers in public health/community health/population health, as well as for decision-makers at all levels.

“Globalized public health.” A transdisciplinary comprehensive framework for analyzing contemporary globalization’s influences on the field of public health

PubMed Central

Lapaige, Véronique

2009-01-01

The current phase of globalization represents a “double-edged sword” challenge facing public health practitioners and health policy makers. The first “edge” throws light on two constructs in the field of public health: global health (formerly international health) and globalized public health. The second “edge” is that of global governance, and raises the question, “how can we construct public health regulations that adequately respond to both global and local complexities related to the two constructs mentioned earlier (global health and globalized public health)?” The two constructs call for the development of norms that will assure sustained population-wide health improvement and these two constructs have their own conceptual tools and theoretical models that permit a better understanding of them. In this paper, we introduce the “globalized public health” construct and we present an interactive comprehensive framework for critically analyzing contemporary globalization’s influences on the field of public health. “Globalized public health”, simultaneously a theoretical model and a conceptual framework, concerns the transformation of the field of public health in the sociohistorical context of globalization. The model is the fruit of an original theoretical research study conducted from 2005 to 2008 (“contextualized research,” Gibbons’ Mode II of knowledge production), founded on a QUAL-quant sequential mixed-method design. This research also reflects our political and ideological position, fuelled with aspirations of social democracy and cosmopolitical values. It is profoundly anchored in the pragmatic approach to globalization, looking to “reconcile” the market and equity. The model offers several features to users: (1) it is transdisciplinary; (2) it is interactive (CD-ROM); (3) it is nonlinear (nonlinear interrelations between the contextual globalization and the field of public health); (4) it is synchronic/diachronic (a double-crossed perspective permits analysis of global social change, the emergence of global agency and the transmutation of the field of public health, in the full complexity of their nonlinear interaction); (5) it offers five characteristics as an auto-eco-organized system of social interactions, or dynamic, nonlinear sociohistorical system. The model features a visual interface (five interrelated figures), a structure of 30 “integrator concepts” that integrates 114 other element-parts via 1,300 hypertext links. The model is both a knowledge translation tool and an interactive heuristic guide designed for practitioners and researchers in public health/community health/population health, as well as for decision-makers at all levels. PMID:22312210

Keeping a Step Ahead: formative phase of a workplace intervention trial to prevent obesity.

PubMed

Zapka, Jane; Lemon, Stephenie C; Estabrook, Barbara B; Jolicoeur, Denise G

2007-11-01

Ecological interventions hold promise for promoting overweight and obesity prevention in worksites. Given the paucity of evaluative research in the hospital worksite setting, considerable formative work is required for successful implementation and evaluation. This paper describes the formative phases of Step Ahead, a site-randomized controlled trial of a multilevel intervention that promotes physical activity and healthy eating in six hospitals in central Massachusetts. The purpose of the formative research phase was to increase the feasibility, effectiveness, and likelihood of sustainability of the intervention. The Step Ahead ecological intervention approach targets change at the organization, interpersonal work environment, and individual levels. The intervention was developed using fundamental steps of intervention mapping and important tenets of participatory research. Formative research methods were used to engage leadership support and assistance and to develop an intervention plan that is both theoretically and practically grounded. This report uses observational data, program minutes and reports, and process tracking data. Leadership involvement (key informant interviews and advisory boards), employee focus groups and advisory boards, and quantitative environmental assessments cultivated participation and support. Determining multiple foci of change and designing measurable objectives and generic assessment tools to document progress are complex challenges encountered in planning phases. Multilevel trials in diverse organizations require flexibility and balance of theory application and practice-based perspectives to affect impact and outcome objectives. Formative research is an essential component.

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