Sample records for i-131 labeled vascular

  1. PARTICIPATION OF THE COAGULATION MECHANISM IN TUMOR LOCALIZATION OF I$sup 131$-LABELLED FIBRINOGEN

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Shaeffer, J.R.

    A transplantable tumor of the rat, the Murphy-Sturm lymphosarcoma, was found to contain 15 to 25% of the adminlstered radioactive dose 18 hours after intravenous injection of I/sup 131/-labeled rat fibrinogen in a rat bearing a tumor in the 2 to 12 gm weight range. At this time the concentration of radioactivity per gm of tumor was found to be some 4 to 15 times that of such vascular organs as the liver and kidney, smaller tumors (2 to 5 gm) localizing much more of the injected radioactive dose per gm than larger tumors (8 to 12 gm). These tumorsmore » did not concentrate radioactivity after intravenous injection of either I/sup 131/ gamma -globulin or inorganic NaI/sup 131/. The administration of heparin or warfarin in dosages adequate to completely inhibit the blood coagulation mechanism throughout the 18-hour experimental period decreased this specific tumor localization of I/sup 131/ fibrinogen by 60 to 80%. It is concluded that the coagulation mechanism participates in the localization of I/ sup 131/ fibrinogen in the Murphy-Sturm lymphosarcoma. Physiological mechanisms of action other than the anticoagulative one which could possibly explain the effect of heparin and warfarin on tumor localization are discussed. No experimental evidence for an enhancement of fibrinolysis as the mechanism of tumor I/sup 131/ localization decrease by the drugs was found. In particular, these anticoagulants did not decrease whole--body radioactivity retention, and the radioactivity retained in the tumor-bearing rats receiving anticoagulant was highly clottable 18 hours after injection of I/sup 131/ fibrinogen. (auth)« less

  2. Development of Semiautomated Module for Preparation of 131I Labeled Lipiodol for Liver Cancer Therapy.

    PubMed

    Mukherjee, Archana; Subramanian, Suresh; Ambade, Rajwardhan; Avhad, Bhaurao; Dash, Ashutosh; Korde, Aruna

    2017-02-01

    Intra-arterial injection of 131 I Lipiodol is an effective treatment option for primary hepatocellular carcinoma as it delivers high radiation dose to liver tumor tissue with minimal accumulation in adjacent normal tissue. The present article demonstrates design, fabrication, and utilization of a semiautomated radiosynthesis module for preparation of 131 I labeled Lipiodol. The radiolabeling method was standardized for preparation of patient dose of 131 I labeled Lipiodol radiochemical yield (RCY); radiochemical purity (RCP) and pharmaceutical purity of the product were determined using optimized procedures. Sterile and apyrogenic 131 I labeled Lipiodol in >60% RCY could be prepared with >95% RCP. Preclinical evaluation in animals indicated retention of more than 90% of activity at 24 hours postportal vein injection. This is the first report demonstrating potential application of simple user friendly and safe semiautomated system for routine production of 131 I labeled Lipiodol, which is adaptable at centralized hospital radiopharmacies. The described prototype module can be modified as per demand for preparation of other therapeutic radiopharmaceuticals.

  3. Radionuclide 131I-labeled multifunctional dendrimers for targeted SPECT imaging and radiotherapy of tumors

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Zhu, Jingyi; Zhao, Lingzhou; Cheng, Yongjun; Xiong, Zhijuan; Tang, Yueqin; Shen, Mingwu; Zhao, Jinhua; Shi, Xiangyang

    2015-10-01

    We report the synthesis, characterization, and utilization of radioactive 131I-labeled multifunctional dendrimers for targeted single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) imaging and radiotherapy of tumors. In this study, amine-terminated poly(amidoamine) dendrimers of generation 5 (G5.NH2) were sequentially modified with 3-(4'-hydroxyphenyl)propionic acid-OSu (HPAO) and folic acid (FA) linked with polyethylene glycol (PEG), followed by acetylation modification of the dendrimer remaining surface amines and labeling of radioactive iodine-131 (131I). The generated multifunctional 131I-G5.NHAc-HPAO-PEG-FA dendrimers were characterized via different methods. We show that prior to 131I labeling, the G5.NHAc-HPAO-PEG-FA dendrimers conjugated with approximately 9.4 HPAO moieties per dendrimer are noncytotoxic at a concentration up to 20 μM and are able to target cancer cells overexpressing FA receptors (FAR), thanks to the modified FA ligands. In the presence of a phenol group, radioactive 131I is able to be efficiently labeled onto the dendrimer platform with good stability and high radiochemical purity, and render the platform with an ability for targeted SPECT imaging and radiotherapy of an FAR-overexpressing xenografted tumor model in vivo. The designed strategy to use the facile dendrimer nanotechnology may be extended to develop various radioactive theranostic nanoplatforms for targeted SPECT imaging and radiotherapy of different types of cancer.We report the synthesis, characterization, and utilization of radioactive 131I-labeled multifunctional dendrimers for targeted single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) imaging and radiotherapy of tumors. In this study, amine-terminated poly(amidoamine) dendrimers of generation 5 (G5.NH2) were sequentially modified with 3-(4'-hydroxyphenyl)propionic acid-OSu (HPAO) and folic acid (FA) linked with polyethylene glycol (PEG), followed by acetylation modification of the dendrimer remaining surface amines and

  4. RESEARCH OF THE I$sup 131$-LABELING OF LACTIC DEHYDROGENASE (in German)

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    D'Addabbo, A.; Klaus, D.

    1961-03-01

    Lactic acid dehyrogenase (LDH) from rabbit muscle in crystalline suspension was labeled by the method of Banks, Seligman, and Fine. The enzymatic activity decreased significantly; this loss was attributed to denaturation of the enzyme by the CCl/sub 4/ containing the /sup 131/I/sub 2/, with which the enzyme was shaken during the labeling, and not to inactivatio by BETA and gamma rays from the decay of /sup 131/I. Suitable controls demonstrated this explanation. When 7 ml dialyzed LDH solution was shaken carefully for 3 to 5 min with 0.5 ml CCl/sub 4/ solution after 0.2 ml 1.25% Na/sub 2/CO/sub 3/ wasmore » added, workup by addition of 0.1 ml 1N acetic acid, 60-hr dialysis against Tyrode solution at 4 deg C, and centrifugation gave optimal labeling: radioactive yield 1.72%, /sup 131/I activity 11 mu c/mg, 4.1% enzyme activity remaining. Paper electrophoresis of LDH/sup 131/I shows four bands; that with greatest activity is in the region of gamma -globulins from added human serum and the initial point; the other three are in the region of alpha /sub 2/- and BETA globulins. After intravenous injection in the rabbit, two phases of elimination from serum are observed; in the first, the half lives of enzyme activity, serum radioactivity, and /sup 131/PBI are 78.1, 33.8, and 21.6 min respectively; in the second, 332.0, 303.0, and 247.0 min respectively. The difference between enzyme activity and / sup 131/PBI in the first phase is attributed to more rapid elimination of the denatured LDH-/sup 131/I; these two activities in the second phase are the same. Organs contained the following /sup 131/I activity 24 hr after injection: liver, 0.99% of original dose; kidneys 0.58%, lungs, 0.22%; spleen, 0.01%; erythrocytes, 0.0%. (BBB)« less

  5. Radioimmunotherapy of human hepatocellular carcinoma xenografts with 131I-labelled antiferritin antibody.

    PubMed Central

    Saiful Alam, A. F.

    1991-01-01

    The effects of 131-labelled antiferritin polyclonal antibody for the treatment of established hepatocellular carcinoma (HC-04) in athymic nude mice were evaluated. 131I-labelled antiferritin antibody localised specifically to a subcutaneous tumour with a mean of 8.1% of the infused dose per gram of tumour at 24 h after infusion when the experiment was started 15 days after inoculation and with a mean of about 6.5% of the infused dose per gram of tumour when the experiment was started 30 days after tumour transplantation. The concentrations of 131I-antiferritin antibody in tumour delivered a mean of 1994 cGy to tumour following infusion of 500 microCi of radiolabelled antiferritin antibody in the early group and a mean of 1600 cGy in the late group. Treatment with 500 microCi led to regression of the tumour in 55% of animals in the early group and 44% in the late group. In contrast, unlabelled antiferritin and 131I-labelled IgG failed to exert any significant effect on tumour growth. The transplanted tumours in the early groups of animals had relatively higher concentration of ferritin than those in the late group. There was accelerated inhibition of tumour growth and prolonged survival in animals in the early group compared with those in the late group. PMID:2021533

  6. A pioneer experience in Malaysia on In-house Radio-labelling of (131)I-rituximab in the treatment of Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma and a case report of high dose (131)I-rituximab-BEAM conditioning autologous transplant.

    PubMed

    Kuan, Jew Win; Law, Chiong Soon; Wong, Xiang Qi; Ko, Ching Tiong; Awang, Zool Hilmi; Chew, Lee Ping; Chang, Kian Meng

    2016-10-01

    Radioimmunotherapy is an established treatment modality in Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. The only two commercially available radioimmunotherapies - (90)Y-ibritumomab tiuxetan is expensive and (131)I-tositumomab has been discontinued from commercial production. In resource limited environment, self-labelling (131)I-rituximab might be the only viable practical option. We reported our pioneer experience in Malaysia on self-labelling (131)I-rituximab, substituting autologous haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) and a patient, the first reported case, received high dose (131)I-rituximab (6000MBq/163mCi) combined with BEAM conditioning for autologous HSCT. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  7. [131I]FIAU labeling of genetically transduced, tumor-reactive lymphocytes: cell-level dosimetry and dose-dependent toxicity.

    PubMed

    Zanzonico, Pat; Koehne, Guenther; Gallardo, Humilidad F; Doubrovin, Mikhail; Doubrovina, Ekaterina; Finn, Ronald; Blasberg, Ronald G; Riviere, Isabelle; O'Reilly, Richard J; Sadelain, Michel; Larson, Steven M

    2006-09-01

    Donor T cells have been shown to be reactive against and effective in adoptive immunotherapy of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) lymphomas which develop in some leukemia patients post marrow transplantation. These T cells may be genetically modified by incorporation of a replication-incompetent viral vector (NIT) encoding both an inactive mutant nerve growth factor receptor (LNGFR), as an immunoselectable surface marker, and a herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase (HSV-TK), rendering the cells sensitive to ganciclovir. The current studies are based on the selective HSV-TK-catalyzed trapping (phosphorylation) of the thymidine analog [(131)I]-2'-fluoro-2'-deoxy-1-beta-D-arabinofuransyl-5-iodo-uracil (FIAU) as a means of stably labeling such T cells for in vivo trafficking (including tumor targeting) studies. Because of the radiosensitivity of lymphocytes and the potentially high absorbed dose to the nucleus from intracellular (131)I (even at tracer levels), the nucleus absorbed dose (D ( n )) and dose-dependent immune functionality were evaluated for NIT(+) T cells labeled ex vivo in [(131)I]FIAU-containing medium. Based on in vitro kinetic studies of [(131)I]FIAU uptake by NIT(+) T cells, D ( n ) was calculated using an adaptation of the MIRD formalism and the recently published MIRD cellular S factors. Immune cytotoxicity of [(131)I]FIAU-labeled cells was assayed against (51)Cr-labeled target cells [B-lymphoblastoid cells (BLCLs)] in a standard 4-h release assay. At median nuclear absorbed doses up to 830 cGy, a (51)Cr-release assay against BLCLs showed no loss of immune cytotoxicity, thus demonstrating the functional integrity of genetically transduced, tumor-reactive T cells labeled at this dose level for in vivo cell trafficking and tumor targeting studies.

  8. Optimal quality (131)I-monoclonal antibodies on high-dose labeling in a large reaction volume and temporarily coating the antibody with IODO-GEN.

    PubMed

    Visser, G W; Klok, R P; Gebbinck, J W; ter Linden, T; van Dongen, G A; Molthoff, C F

    2001-03-01

    A novel, facile procedure for efficient coupling of high doses of (131)I to monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) was developed with minimal chemical and radiation damage. To diminish the radiation and chemical burden during labeling, iodination was performed in a large reaction volume and by temporarily coating the MAb with a minimal amount of IODO-GEN. The MAb was coated by injection of IODO-GEN (dissolved in acetonitrile [MeCN]) into the aqueous MAb solution, and the coating was subsequently removed by addition of ascorbic acid. For chemoprotection before, during, and after PD-10 purification of the (131)I-MAbs, ascorbic acid and human serum albumin were used. The effects of autoradiolysis in the starting (131)I solution were countered by treatment with NaOH and ascorbic acid. For this so-called IODO-GEN-coated MAb method, the sensitive chimeric MAb MOv18 (c-MOv18) and the more robust murine MAbs K928 and E48 were used. The high-dose (131)I-labeled MAbs were characterized for radiochemical purity and MAb integrity by thin-layer chromatography, high-performance liquid chromatography, and sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis followed by phosphor imager quantification. The high-dose (131)I-labeled MAbs were also characterized for immunoreactivity. The radiopharmacokinetics and biodistribution of (131)I-c-MOv18 were analyzed in human tumor-bearing nude mice. For comparison, (131)I-c-MOv18 batches were made using the conventional chloramine-T or IODO-GEN-coated vial method. Conventional high-dose labeling of 5 mg c-MOv18 with 4.4 GBq (131)I resulted in a labeling yield of 60%, a radiochemical purity of 90%, an immunoreactive fraction of 25% (72% being the maximum in the assay used), and the presence of aggregation and degradation products. Using similar amounts of (131)I and MAb in the IODO-GEN-coated MAb method, 85%-89% overall radiochemical yield, at least 99.7% radiochemical purity, and full preservation of MAb integrity and immunoreactivity were

  9. Necrosis targeted radiotherapy with iodine-131-labeled hypericin to improve anticancer efficacy of vascular disrupting treatment in rabbit VX2 tumor models.

    PubMed

    Shao, Haibo; Zhang, Jian; Sun, Ziping; Chen, Feng; Dai, Xu; Li, Yaming; Ni, Yicheng; Xu, Ke

    2015-06-10

    A viable rim of tumor cells surrounding central necrosis always exists and leads to tumor recurrence after vascular disrupting treatment (VDT). A novel necrosis targeted radiotherapy (NTRT) using iodine-131-labeled hypericin (131I-Hyp) was specifically designed to treat viable tumor rim and improve tumor control after VDT in rabbit models of multifocal VX2 tumors. NTRT was administered 24 hours after VDT. Tumor growth was significantly slowed down by NTRT with a smaller tumor volume and a prolonged tumor doubling time (14.4 vs. 5.7 days), as followed by in vivo magnetic resonance imaging over 12 days. The viable tumor rims were well inhibited in NTRT group compared with single VDT control group, as showed on tumor cross sections at day 12 (1 vs. 3.7 in area). High targetability of 131I-Hyp to tumor necrosis was demonstrated by in vivo SPECT as high uptake in tumor regions lasting over 9 days with 4.26 to 98 times higher radioactivity for necrosis versus the viable tumor and other organs by gamma counting, and with ratios of 7.7-11.7 and 10.5-13.7 for necrosis over peri-tumor tissue by autoradiography and fluorescence microscopy, respectively. In conclusion, NTRT improved the anticancer efficacy of VDT in rabbits with VX2 tumors.

  10. Imaging of experimental amyloidosis with /sup 131/I-labeled serum amyloid P component

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Caspi, D.; Zalzman, S.; Baratz, M.

    1987-11-01

    /sup 131/I-labeled human serum amyloid P component, which was injected into mice with experimentally induced systemic AA amyloidosis and into controls, became specifically localized and was retained in amyloidotic organs. In comparison, it was rapidly and completely eliminated from unaffected tissues and from control animals. Distinctive images of this amyloid-specific deposition of labeled serum amyloid P component were derived from whole body scanning, in vivo, of amyloidotic mice. These findings suggest that such imaging may have applications for the diagnosis and quantitation of amyloid deposits in humans.

  11. Chlorotoxin-Conjugated Multifunctional Dendrimers Labeled with Radionuclide 131I for Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography Imaging and Radiotherapy of Gliomas.

    PubMed

    Zhao, Lingzhou; Zhu, Jingyi; Cheng, Yongjun; Xiong, Zhijuan; Tang, Yueqin; Guo, Lilei; Shi, Xiangyang; Zhao, Jinhua

    2015-09-09

    Chlorotoxin-conjugated multifunctional dendrimers labeled with radionuclide 131I were synthesized and utilized for targeted single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) imaging and radiotherapy of cancer. In this study, generation five amine-terminated poly(amidoamine) dendrimers were used as a platform to be sequentially conjugated with polyethylene glycol (PEG), targeting agent chlorotoxin (CTX), and 3-(4'-hydroxyphenyl)propionic acid-OSu (HPAO). This was followed by acetylation of the remaining dendrimer terminal amines and radiolabeling with 131I to form the targeted theranostic dendrimeric nanoplatform. We show that the dendrimer platform possessing approximately 7.7 CTX and 21.1 HPAO moieties on each dendrimer displays excellent cytocompatibility in a given concentration range (0-20 μM) and can specifically target cancer cells overexpressing matrix metallopeptidase 2 (MMP2) due to the attached CTX. With the attached HPAO moiety having the phenol group, the dendrimer platform can be effectively labeled with radioactive 131I with good stability and high radiochemical purity. Importantly, the 131I labeling renders the dendrimer platform with an ability to be used for targeted SPECT imaging and radiotherapy of an MMP2-overexpressing glioma model in vivo. The developed radiolabeled multifunctional dendrimeric nanoplatform may hold great promise to be used for targeted theranostics of human gliomas.

  12. Radiochemical purity of iodine-131 labelled metaiodobenzylguanidine infusion fluids: a report from clinical practice.

    PubMed

    Wafelman, A R; Suchi, R; Hoefnagel, C A; Beijnen, J H

    1993-07-01

    Iodine-131 labelled metaiodobenzylguanidine ([131I]MIBG) has a diagnostic and therapeutic role in the management of neural crest tumours, particularly neuroblastoma, malignant phaeochromocytoma and paraganglioma. With therapeutic amounts of [131I]MIBG it is essential that the amount of free [131I]iodide, the most important impurity, is known. In clinical practice the percentage of free [131I]iodide seen in a [131I]MIBG infusion concentrate increased from 2.2% +/- 0.67% to 3.6% +/- 0.39% (mean +/- SD; n = 23) 1 day after production. At the time of use the percentage of free [131I]iodide was always below our upper limit of acceptance of 5%. Since 5% of free [131I]iodide is within practical reach in our environment, a higher percentage at the time of preadministration quality control is not accepted in the Netherlands Cancer Institute.

  13. Intraperitoneal radioimmunotherapy for ovarian cancer: pharmacokinetics, toxicity, and efficacy of I-131 labeled monoclonal antibodies

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Stewart, J.S.; Hird, V.; Snook, D.

    Thirty-six patients with ovarian cancer were treated with intraperitoneal I-131 labeled monoclonal antibodies to tumor associated antigens. The activity of I-131 administered was increased from 20 mCi to 158 mCi and the pharmacokinetics and toxicity evaluated. Five patients who had developed HAMA (Human Antimouse Antibodies) were retreated, and the pharmacokinetics and toxicity of the first and second treatment compared. Patients receiving their first therapy (HAMA negative), had a maximum of 25% (range 19.8-39.8%) of the injected activity in their circulation. This was accompanied by severe marrow suppression at I-131 activities over 120 mCi. The 5 HAMA positive patients had onlymore » 5% injected activity in the systemic circulation (range 3.8-6%), with rapid urinary excretion and neglible marrow suppression. In 31 patients with assessable disease there were no responses in 8 patients with gross disease (nodules greater than 2 cms), partial responses in 2 out of 15 patients with nodules less than 2 cms, and complete responses in 3 out of 6 patients with microscopic disease. The non specific radiation dose to the peritoneal cavity was estimated to be less than 500 cGy by lithium fluoride TLD, and could not be expected to account for the responses seen.« less

  14. Vitamin a derivatives labelled with 131I — Potential agents for liver scientigraphy

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Kadeřávek, J.; Kozempel, J.; Štícha, M.; Petrášek, J.; Jirsa, M.; Taimr, P.; Lešetický, L.

    2006-01-01

    Two retinol derivatives, 4-[(131I)-4-iodobenzoyloxy]retinol propionate and 4-[(131I)-3-iodobenzylcarbamoyl]retinol propionate, were synthesized and their biodistribution in rats was studied in vivo by the whole body scintigraphy.

  15. Iodine-131-labeled, transferrin-capped polypyrrole nanoparticles for tumor-targeted synergistic photothermal-radioisotope therapy.

    PubMed

    Song, Xuejiao; Liang, Chao; Feng, Liangzhu; Yang, Kai; Liu, Zhuang

    2017-08-22

    Combining different therapeutic functions within single tumor-targeted nanoscale delivery systems is promising to overcome the limitations of conventional cancer therapies. Herein, transferrin that recognizes transferrin receptors up-regulated on tumor cells is pre-labeled with iodine-131 ( 131 I) and then utilized as the stabilizer in the fabrication of polypyrrole (PPy) nanoparticles. The obtained transferrin-capped PPy@Tf- 131 I nanoparticles could be used for tumor-targeted radioisotope therapy (RIT) and photothermal therapy (PTT), by employing beta-emission from 131 I and the intrinsic high near-infrared (NIR) absorbance of PPy, respectively. Owing to the transferrin-mediated tumor targeting, PPy@Tf- 131 I nanoparticles exhibit obviously enhanced in vitro cancer cell binding and in vivo tumor uptake compared to its non-targeting counterpart. The combined RIT and PTT based on PPy@Tf- 131 I nanoparticles is then conducted, achieving a remarkable synergistic therapeutic effect. This work thus demonstrates a rather simple one-step approach to fabricate tumor-targeting nanoparticles based on protein-capped conjugated polymers, promising for combination cancer therapy with great efficacy and high safety.

  16. Labeling of monoclonal antibodies with a 67Ga-phenolic aminocarboxylic acid chelate. Part II. Comparison of immunoreactivity and biodistribution of monoclonal antibodies labeled with the 67Ga-chelate or with 131I.

    PubMed

    Matzku, S; Schuhmacher, J; Kirchgessner, H; Brüggen, J

    1986-01-01

    Coupling of the 67Ga-P-EDDHA chelate via carbodiimide to the anti-melanoma monoclonal antibody (Mab) M.2.9.4 resulted in a low degree of oligomerization, but a considerable degree of intra-molecular (inter-chain) cross-linking. However, this did not impair immunoreactivity, nor did the half-life in vivo differ substantially from that of 131I-M.2.9.4. Biodistribution analysis in normal mice showed Ga:I ratios near 1 in the blood and other tissues not involved in degradation and label excretion. In tissues of the reticulo-endothelial system (RES) and the kidneys, Ga:I ratios up to 2.51 were reached within 4 days of administration. In antigen-positive MeWo tumor tissue, retention of 67Ga also excreted that of 131I, so that tumor; organ ratios (except tumor:liver) were superior for the 67Ga-labeled MAb. It is concluded that the method of coupling pre-established 67Ga-P-EDDHA chelate to antibody results in a functionally intact tracer molecule, whose persistence in vivo is not significantly impaired. The major difference to I-labeled MAbs may be a prolonged retention of Ga in tissues (cells) physiologically involved in antibody catabolism.

  17. Effects of Glycosylation on Biodistribution and Imaging Quality of Necrotic Myocardium of Iodine-131-Labeled Sennidins.

    PubMed

    Li, Ling; Zhang, Dongjian; Yang, Shengwei; Song, Shaoli; Li, Jindian; Wang, Qin; Wang, Cong; Feng, Yuanbo; Ni, Yicheng; Zhang, Jian; Liu, Wei; Yin, Zhiqi

    2016-12-01

    Sennidins are necrosis-avid agents for noninvasive assessment of myocardial viability which is important for patients with myocardial infarction (MI). However, high accumulation of radioactivity in the liver interferes with the assessment of myocardial viability. In this study, we compared sennidins with sennosides to investigate the effects of glycosylation on biodistribution and imaging quality of sennidins. Sennidin A (SA), sennidin B (SB), sennoside A (SSA), and sennoside B (SSB) were labeled with I-131. In vitro binding to necrotic cells and hepatic cells and in vivo biodistribution in rats with muscular necrosis were evaluated by gamma counting, autoradiography, and histopathology. Single photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography (SPECT/CT) images were acquired in rats with acute MI. The uptake of [ 131 I]SA, [ 131 I]SSA, [ 131 I]SB, and [ 131 I]SSB in necrotic cells was significantly higher than that in viable cells (p < 0.05). Hepatic cells uptake of [ 131 I]SSA and [ 131 I]SSB were 7-fold and 10-fold lower than that of corresponding [ 131 I]SA and [ 131 I]SB, respectively. The biodistribution data showed that the radioactivities in the liver and feces were significantly lower with [ 131 I]sennosides than those with [ 131 I]sennidins (p < 0.01). Autoradiography showed preferential accumulation of these four radiotracers in necrotic areas of muscle, confirmed by histopathology. SPECT/CT imaging studies showed better image quality with [ 131 I]SSB than with [ 131 I]SB due to less liver interference. Glycosylation significantly decreased the liver uptake and improved the quality of cardiac imaging. [ 131 I]SSB may serve as a promising necrosis-avid agent for noninvasive assessment of myocardial viability.

  18. 131I-Traced PLGA-Lipid Nanoparticles as Drug Delivery Carriers for the Targeted Chemotherapeutic Treatment of Melanoma

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Wang, Haiyan; Sheng, Weizhong

    2017-05-01

    Herein, folic acid (FA) conjugated Poly(d,l-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA)-lipid composites (FA-PL) were developed as nanocarriers for the targeted delivery of insoluble anti-cancer drug paclitaxel (PTX), resulting FA-PLP nanoparticles. Furthermore, 131I, as a radioactive tracer, was used to label FA-PLP nanoparticles (FA-PLP-131I) to evaluate their cell uptake activity, in vivo blood circulation, and biodistribution. The FA-PLP-131I nanoparticles had a spherical morphology with great stability, a narrow size distribution (165.6 and 181.2 nm), and -22.1 mV in average zeta potential. Confocal laser scanning microscopy indicated that the targeting molecule FA promotes PLP-131I uptake by melanoma B16F10 cells, which was further confirmed by the cell incorporation rate via 131I activity detection as measured by a gamma counter. FA-PLP-131I without PTX (FA-PL-131I) shows minor cytotoxicity, good biocompatibility, while FA-PLP-131I was demonstrated to have efficient cell viability suppression compared to free PTX and PLP-131I. Following intravenous injection, the blood circulation half-life of free PTX ( t 1/2 = 5.4 ± 0.23 h) was prolonged to 18.5 ± 0.5 h by FA-PLP-131I. Through FA targeting, the tumor uptake of FA-PLP-131I was approximately 4.41- and 12.8-fold higher compared to that of PLP-131I and free PTX-131I, respectively. Moreover, following 40 days of treatment, FA-PLP-131I showed an improved tumor inhibition effect compared to free PTX and PLP-131I, with no relapse and no remarkable systemic in vivo toxicity. The results demonstrate that the 131I-labeled PLGA-lipid nanoparticle can be simultaneously applied for targeted drug delivery and reliable tracking of drugs in vivo.

  19. A new radiopharmaceutical compound (131I-PR81) for radioimmunotherapy of breast cancer: labeling of antibody and its quality control.

    PubMed

    Mohammadnejad, J; Rasaee, M J; Babaei, M H; Paknejad, M; Zahir, M H; Salouti, M; Rajabi, A Bitarafan; Mazidi, M

    2010-01-01

    PR81 is a monoclonal antibody that binds with high affinity to MUC1, which is over expressed on breast and other tumors. The objective of this study was to evaluate the application of this antibody against MUC1 as a radioimmunotherapeutical agent. Monoclonal antibody (PR81) against MUC1 was prepared, characterized, purified, and labeled with 131I. The immunoreactivity of radiolabeled mAb PR81with MUC1 (the native protein), BSA-P20 (a 20 amino acid corresponding the tandem repeat of MUC1) and MCF7 cell line were performed by RIA. In vitro stability of radiolabeled mAb in human serum was determined by thin layer chromatography (TLC). Cell toxicity and in vitro internalization studies were performed with the MCF7 cell line, and the tissue biodistribution of the radioiodinated PR81 was evaluated in normal BALB/c mice at 4, 24 and 48 hrs. The tumor imaging was performed in BALB/c mice with breast xenograft tumors at 24 and 72 hr after the complex injection. The labeling efficiency was found to be 59.9% ± 7.9%. MAb-131I conjugates showed high immunoreactivity towards MUC1 protein, BSA-P20 and MCF7 cell line. In vitro stability of the labeled product in human serum was found to be more than %50 over 24 hr. Cell toxicity and in vitro internalization studies showed that the mAb-131I conjugate inhibited 80% growth of the MCF7 cultured cell lines in vitro in a high concentration and up to %60 of the conjugate internalized after 24 h. Biodistribution studies were performed in normal BALB/c mice at 4, 24 and 48 hrs post-injection and no important accumulation was observed in vital organs. The tumors were visualized with high sensitivity after 24 and 72 hr in radioimmunoscintographical studies. These results show that the new radiopharmaceutical may be considered as a promising candidate for therapy of breast cancer.

  20. Matched pairs dosimetry: 124I/131I metaiodobenzylguanidine and 124I/131I and 86Y/90Y antibodies.

    PubMed

    Lopci, Egesta; Chiti, Arturo; Castellani, Maria Rita; Pepe, Giovanna; Antunovic, Lidija; Fanti, Stefano; Bombardieri, Emilio

    2011-05-01

    The technological advances in imaging and production of radiopharmaceuticals are driving an innovative way of evaluating the targets for antineoplastic therapies. Besides the use of imaging to better delineate the volume of external beam radiation therapy in oncology, modern imaging techniques are able to identify targets for highly specific medical therapies, using chemotherapeutic drugs and antiangiogenesis molecules. Moreover, radionuclide imaging is able to select targets for radionuclide therapy and to give the way to in vivo dose calculation to target tissues and to critical organs. This contribution reports the main studies published on matched pairs dosimetry with (124)I/(131)I- and (86)Y/(90)Y-labelled radiopharmaceuticals, with an emphasis on metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) and monoclonal antibodies.

  1. Radioimmunotherapy of MCF7 breast cancer cell line with 131I-PR81 monoclonal antibody against MUC1: comparison of direct and indirect radioiodination methods.

    PubMed

    Mohammadnejad, Javad; Rasaee, Mohammad Javad; Babaei, Mohammad Hosein; Paknejad, Malihe; Hasan, Zahir Mohammad; Salouti, Mojtaba; Gandomkar, Mostafa; Sadri, Keyvan

    2010-01-01

    PR81 is a monoclonal antibody that binds with high affinity to MUC1, which is over expressed on breast and other tumors. The objective of this study was to compare the two labeling methods (direct and indirect radioiodination) for application of this antibody against MUC1 as a radioimmunotherapeutical agent.Monoclonal antibody (PR81) against the tandem repeat of the core protein (MUC1) was prepared, characterized, purified, and labeled with 131I using the direct (chloramin-T) and indirect (Fmoc-D-Tyr (tBu)-D-Tyr (tBu)-D-Lys (Boc)-OH (YYK) attached to N-hydroxysuccinimide as a linker between PR81 and 131I) methods. The immunoreactivity of 131I-PR81 and 131I-TP-PR81 complexes with MUC1 (the native protein), BSA-P20 (a 20 amino acid corresponding the tandem repeat of MUC1) and MCF7 cell line were performed by RIA. In vitro stability of 131I-PR81 and 131I-YYK-peptide-PR81 complexes in human serum was determined by thin layer chromatography (TLC). Cell toxicity and in vitro internalization studies were performed with the MCF7 cell line, and the tissue biodistribution of the 131I-PR81 and 131I- YYK-peptide -PR81 complexes was evaluated in normal BALB/c mice at 4, 24 and 48 hrs. The labeling efficiency was determined by measuring the percentage recovery of radioactivity in the final product relative to the initial activity in the shipment vial, was found to be 59.9% +/- 7.9% for direct and 50% +/- 3.2% for indirect methods. 131I-PR81 and 131I- YYK- peptide -PR81 complexes showed high immunoreactivity towards MUC1 protein, BSA-P20 and MCF7 cell line. In vitro stability of the labeled products in human serum which was measured by thin layer chromatography (TLC) was found to be more than 50% over 24 hr for 131I-PR81 and 70% for 131I- YYK-peptide -PR81 complexes. Cell toxicity and in vitro internalization studies showed that the 131I-PR81 and 131I- YYK-peptide -PR81 complexes inhibited 80% growth of the MCF7 cultured cell lines in vitro in a high concentration and up to 40

  2. Efficient production of therapeutic doses of [131I]-metaiodobenzylguanidine for clinical use.

    PubMed

    Prabhakar, G; Mathur, Anupam; Shunmugam, G; Teje, Y D; Sachdev, S S; Sivaprasad, N

    2011-01-01

    [(131)I]-metaiodobenzylguanidine (mIBG) is a known radiopharmaceutical used for the treatment of neuroendocrine tumors. The development of therapeutic [(131)I]-mIBG doses at production level is highly challenging due to rapid product degradation and high radiation exposures to the production plant personnel. In the present work, a working module for the production of 10 doses (100 mCi each) in a single operation was developed following copper (I) assisted isotope exchange. The labeled product complies with the pharmaceutical specifications suitable for in-vivo patient use. Copyright © 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  3. 99mTc-HYNIC-TOC scintigraphy is superior to 131I-MIBG imaging in the evaluation of extraadrenal pheochromocytoma.

    PubMed

    Chen, Libo; Li, Fang; Zhuang, Hongming; Jing, Hongli; Du, Yanrong; Zeng, Zhengpei

    2009-03-01

    In this investigation, the efficacy of scintigraphy using (99m)Tc-labeled hydrazinonicotinyl-Tyr3-octreotide (HYNIC-TOC) in the evaluation of extraadrenal pheochromocytoma was assessed and compared with (131)I-labeled metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) imaging. Ninety-seven patients who were suspected of having pheochromocytoma but showed no definite adrenal abnormalities on CT were evaluated by both (99m)Tc-HYNIC-TOC scintigraphy and (131)I-MIBG imaging. The results were compared with pathology findings or clinical follow-up. Of 58 patients proven to be without pheochromocytoma, (99m)Tc-HYNIC-TOC and (131)I-MIBG imaging excluded 56 and 58 patients, respectively, rendering a specificity of 96.6% for (99m)Tc-HYNIC-TOC imaging and 100% for (131)I-MIBG imaging. In the evaluation of adrenal pheochromocytoma (14 patients), the sensitivity of (99m)Tc-HYNIC-TOC scintigraphy and (131)I-MIBG imaging was 50% and 85.7%, respectively. However, in the evaluation of extraadrenal pheochromocytomas (25 patients), the sensitivity of (99m)Tc-HYNIC-TOC scintigraphy and (131)I-MIBG imaging was 96.0% and 72.0%, respectively. (99m)Tc-HYNIC-TOC scintigraphy is more sensitive than (131)I-MIBG imaging in the detection of extraadrenal pheochromocytomas.

  4. Thyroid and hepatic function after high-dose 131 I-metaiodobenzylguanidine (131 I-MIBG) therapy for neuroblastoma.

    PubMed

    Quach, Alekist; Ji, Lingyun; Mishra, Vikash; Sznewajs, Aimee; Veatch, Janet; Huberty, John; Franc, Benjamin; Sposto, Richard; Groshen, Susan; Wei, Denice; Fitzgerald, Paul; Maris, John M; Yanik, Gregory; Hawkins, Randall A; Villablanca, Judith G; Matthay, Katherine K

    2011-02-01

    (131) I-Metaiodobenzylguanidine ((131) I-MIBG) provides targeted radiotherapy for children with neuroblastoma, a malignancy of the sympathetic nervous system. Dissociated radioactive iodide may concentrate in the thyroid, and (131) I-MIBG is concentrated in the liver after (131) I-MIBG therapy. The aim of our study was to analyze the effects of (131) I-MIBG therapy on thyroid and liver function. Pre- and post-therapy thyroid and liver functions were reviewed in a total of 194 neuroblastoma patients treated with (131) I-MIBG therapy. The cumulative incidence over time was estimated for both thyroid and liver toxicities. The relationship to cumulative dose/kg, number of treatments, time from treatment to follow-up, sex, and patient age was examined. In patients who presented with Grade 0 or 1 thyroid toxicity at baseline, 12  ±  4% experienced onset of or worsening to Grade 2 hypothyroidism and one patient developed Grade 2 hyperthyroidism by 2 years after (131) I-MIBG therapy. At 2 years post-(131) I-MIBG therapy, 76  ±  4% patients experienced onset or worsening of hepatic toxicity to any grade, and 23  ±  5% experienced onset of or worsening to Grade 3 or 4 liver toxicity. Liver toxicity was usually transient asymptomatic transaminase elevation, frequently confounded by disease progression and other therapies. The prophylactic regimen of potassium iodide and potassium perchlorate with (131) I-MIBG therapy resulted in a low rate of significant hypothyroidism. Liver abnormalities following (131) I-MIBG therapy were primarily reversible and did not result in late toxicity. (131) I-MIBG therapy is a promising treatment for children with relapsed neuroblastoma with a relatively low rate of symptomatic thyroid or hepatic dysfunction. Copyright © 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

  5. Brachytherapy Using Elastin-Like Polypeptides with (131)I Inhibit Tumor Growth in Rabbits with VX2 Liver Tumor.

    PubMed

    Liu, Xinpei; Shen, Yiming; Zhang, Xuqian; Lin, Rui; Jia, Qiang; Chang, Yixiang; Liu, Wenge; Liu, Wentian

    2016-10-01

    Brachytherapy is a targeted type of radiotherapy utilized in the treatment of cancers. Elastin-like polypeptides are a unique class of genetically engineered peptide polymers that have several attractive properties for brachytherapy. To explore the feasibility and application of brachytherapy for VX2 liver tumor using elastin-like polypeptides with (131)I so as to provide reliable experimental evidence for a new promising treatment of liver cancer. Elastin-like polypeptide as carrier was labeled with (131)I using the iodogen method. Ten eligible rabbits with VX2 liver tumor were randomly divided into the treatment group (n = 5) and control group (n = 5). The treatment group received brachytherapy using elastin-like polypeptide with (131)I, and in the control group, elastin-like polypeptide was injected into the VX2 liver tumor as a control. Periodic biochemical and imaging surveillances were required to assess treatment efficacy. The stability of elastin-like polypeptide with (131)I in vitro was maintained at over 96.8 % for 96 h. Biochemistry and imaging indicated brachytherapy using elastin-like polypeptide with (131)I for liver tumor can improve liver function and inhibit tumor growth (P < 0.05). Elastin-like polypeptide can be an ideal carrier of (131)I and have high labeling efficiency, radiochemical purity and stability. Brachytherapy using elastin-like polypeptide with (131)I for liver tumor is a useful therapy that possesses high antitumor efficacy advantages.

  6. The clearance of /sup 131/I-human plasma ferritin in man

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Worwood, M.; Cragg, S.J.; Williams, A.M.

    1982-10-01

    Ferritin was purified 33,000-fold from the plasma of patients with idiopathic hemochromatosis. The plasma ferritin was labeled with /sup 131/I and injected into 2 normal men. Clearance was found to be relatively slow, with 50% /sup 131/I-ferritin remaining in the plasma at 27-30 hr. The fraction of plasma ferritin that bound to concanavalin-A was found to be cleared more slowly than the nonbinding fraction. These findings confirm our previous suggestion that glycosylation is a major factor prolonging the survival of ferritin in the plasma, but differ from the results of earlier studies in experimental animals and preterm infants, which indicatedmore » very rapid plasma ferritin turnover.« less

  7. Biodistribution and tolerance of intravenous iodine-131-labelled hypericin in healthy dogs.

    PubMed

    Abma, E; Peremans, K; De Vos, F; Bosmans, T; Kitshoff, A M; Daminet, S; Ni, Y; Dockx, R; de Rooster, H

    2018-01-04

    Hypericin (Hyp) is a necrosis-avid compound that can be efficiently labelled with radioiodine for both diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. Before 131 I-Hyp can be considered as a clinically useful drug in a combination therapy for canine cancer patients, evaluation of its toxicity is necessary. The aim of this study was to investigate the biodistribution and tolerance of a single dose administration of 131 I-Hyp. Three healthy dogs were included. 131 I-Hyp at a dose of 0.2 mg/kg and an activity of 185 MBq was intravenously injected. The effects on physical, haematological and biochemical parameters were characterized and the biodistribution and elimination pattern, the effective half-life and dose rate were assessed. Drug-related adverse events were limited to mild gastrointestinal signs, resolving within 48 hours. No significant differences were found in blood haematology and serum biochemistry before and after treatment. Following administration, highest percentage of injected dose (%ID ± SD) was found in the liver (5.5 ± 0.33), the lungs (4.17 ± 0.14) and the heart (3.11 ± 0.78). After 24 hours, highest %ID was found in colon (4.25 ± 1.45) and liver (3.45 ± 0.60). Clearance from all organs was effective within 7 days. Effective half-life was established at 80 hours, and the dose rate fell below <20 μSv/h at 1 m within 1 day. The current study reveals that single dose treatment with 131 I-Hyp at the described dose is well tolerated by healthy dogs and supports the use of radioiodinated hypericin in a combination therapy for canine cancer patients. © 2018 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

  8. Radionuclide therapy using ¹³¹I-labeled anti-epidermal growth factor receptor-targeted nanoparticles suppresses cancer cell growth caused by EGFR overexpression.

    PubMed

    Li, Wei; Liu, Zhongyun; Li, Chengxia; Li, Ning; Fang, Lei; Chang, Jin; Tan, Jian

    2016-03-01

    Anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-targeted nanoparticles can be used to deliver a therapeutic and imaging agent to EGFR-overexpressing tumor cells. (131)I-labeled anti-EGFR nanoparticles derived from cetuximab were used as a tumor-targeting vehicle in radionuclide therapy. This paper describes the construction of the anti-EGFR nanoparticle EGFR-BSA-PCL. This nanoparticle was characterized for EGFR-targeted binding and cellular uptake in EGFR-overexpressing cancer cells by using flow cytometry and confocal microscopy. Anti-EGFR and non-targeted nanoparticles were labeled with (131)I using the chloramine-T method. Analyses of cytotoxicity and targeted cell killing with (131)I were performed using the MTT assay. The time-dependent cellular uptake of (131)I-labeled anti-EGFR nanoparticles proved the slow-release effects of nanoparticles. A radioiodine therapy study was also performed in mice. The EGFR-targeted nanoparticle EGFR-BSA-PCL and the non-targeted nanoparticle BSA-PCL were constructed; the effective diameters were approximately 100 nm. The results from flow cytometry and confocal microscopy revealed significant uptake of EGFR-BSA-PCL in EGFR-overexpressing tumor cells. Compared with EGFR-BSA-PCL, BSA-PCL could also bind to cells, but tumor cell retention was minimal and weak. In MTT assays, the EGFR-targeted radioactive nanoparticle (131)I-EGFR-BSA-PCL showed greater cytotoxicity and targeted cell killing than the non-targeted nanoparticle (131)I-BSA-PCL. The radioiodine uptake of both (131)I-labeled nanoparticles, (131)I-EGFR-BSA-PCL and (131)I-BSA-PCL, was rapid and reached maximal levels 4 h after incubation, but the (131)I uptake of (131)I-EGFR-BSA-PCL was higher than that of (131)I-BSA-PCL. On day 15, the average tumor volumes of the (131)I-EGFR-BSA-PCL and (131)I-BSA-PCL groups showed a slow growth relationship compared with that of the control group. The EGFR-targeted nanoparticle EGFR-BSA-PCL demonstrated superior cellular binding and uptake

  9. The Bidirectional Transfer and Fetal Vascular Pressure Changes Due to the Presence of 125 I-Labeled Inhibin A in the ex-vivo Human Placental Model

    PubMed Central

    Ghetie, Victor

    2003-01-01

    Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the transport of inhibin A and to determine its effects on fetal vascular pressure at elevated levels in the human placenta using 125I -labeled synthetic glycoprotein. Methods: Synthetic inhibinAwas prepared and was shown to be consistent with the natural form by high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) and molecular weight determination by gas-chromatography mass spectrometry. The standardized Na125I process yielded 125I -labeled inhibin A with a radioactivity of 106 cpm/μg. This compound was placed in the human placenta in maternal–fetal and fetal–maternal studies using antipyrine and 14C -labeled inulin as controls to determine the bidirectional transfer of the compound. Results: Maternal–fetal and fetal–maternal clearance indices were 0.045± 0.003 and 0, respectively. In eight placentas there was no evidence of vascular pressure changes due to the presence of up to 5000 pg of inhibin A. Conclusions: There is minimal maternal–fetal transfer and no detectable fetal–maternal transfer in normotensive and pregnancy-induced hypertensive placentas. In addition, there are no pressure changes in the fetal vascular system due to the clinically significant levels of inhibin A. PMID:14627215

  10. Use of iodine 131I-tositumomab radioimmunotherapy in a patient with Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia.

    PubMed

    Tsai, Donald E; Maillard, Ivan; Downs, Lisa H; Alavi, Abass; Nasta, Sunita D; Glatstein, Eli; Schuster, Stephen J

    2004-03-01

    Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia is an indolent B-cell malignancy that is characterized by high levels of IgM paraprotein production and is incurable with standard chemotherapy. Iodine 131I-Tositumomab (iodine-131-labeled murine anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody; Bexxar) is a novel radioimmunotherapeutic agent that has a high response rate in relapsed or chemotherapy refractory, CD20-positive, low grade or transformed B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. There are no data on the use of radioimmunotherapy in Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia. We report a patient with Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia with transformation to a large B-cell lymphoma, who was treated successfully with iodine 131I-tositumomab. The patient had a complete response to the treatment, including disappearance of any detectable IgM paraprotein. This case report demonstrates the potential for radioimmunotherapy in CD20 positive B-cell malignancies.

  11. Preablation 131-I scans with SPECT/CT contribute to thyroid cancer risk stratification and 131-I therapy planning.

    PubMed

    Avram, Anca M; Esfandiari, Nazanene H; Wong, Ka Kit

    2015-05-01

    The use of preablation diagnostic radioiodine scans for risk stratification and radioiodine therapy planning for differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) remains controversial. The objective was to assess the contribution of preablation diagnostic 131-I scans with SPECT/CT (Dx 131-I scan) to (1) the risk stratification and (2) the postoperative management of DTC. The study was designed as a prospective sequential patient series. The study was conducted at a University hospital. Three hundred twenty patients (pts) with DTC (219F; 101M, mean age 47.3 ± 16.4 y, range 10-90) were studied. Using clinical and histopathology information an endocrinologist performed risk stratification and determined postoperative management with respect to radioiodine therapy (RAI) planning. The decision to withhold or to administer RAI, and the recommended low, medium or high therapeutic 131-I activity were recorded. Dx 131-I scans were performed and interpreted by two nuclear medicine physicians as showing thyroid remnant, cervical nodal, or distant metastases. The endocrinologist then reperformed risk stratification and reformulated management after consideration of Dx 131-I scans and stimulated thyroglobulin (Tg) information. Main outcome measures were changes in risk stratification and management after Dx 131-I scans. Detection of unsuspected nodal and distant metastases and elevated stimulated Tg levels resulted in a change in the estimated risk of recurrence in 15% of patients, and management in 31% of patients, as compared to initial risk stratification and management based on histopathology alone. Both imaging data and stimulated thyroglobulin levels acquired at the time of Dx 131-I scans are consequential for 131-I therapy planning, providing information that changes risk stratification in 15% of patients as compared to recurrence risk estimation based on histopathology alone. Dx 131-I scans contribute to risk stratification by defining residual nodal and distant metastatic disease

  12. Impact of high 131I-activities on quantitative 124I-PET

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Braad, P. E. N.; Hansen, S. B.; Høilund-Carlsen, P. F.

    2015-07-01

    Peri-therapeutic 124 I-PET/CT is of interest as guidance for radioiodine therapy. Unfortunately, image quality is complicated by dead time effects and increased random coincidence rates from high 131 I-activities. A series of phantom experiments with clinically relevant 124 I/131 I-activities were performed on a clinical PET/CT-system. Noise equivalent count rate (NECR) curves and quantitation accuracy were determined from repeated scans performed over several weeks on a decaying NEMA NU-2 1994 cylinder phantom initially filled with 25 MBq 124 I and 1250 MBq 131 I. Six spherical inserts with diameters 10-37 mm were filled with 124 I (0.45 MBq ml-1 ) and 131 I (22 MBq ml-1 ) and placed inside the background of the NEMA/IEC torso phantom. Contrast recovery, background variability and the accuracy of scatter and attenuation corrections were assessed at sphere-to-background activity ratios of 20, 10 and 5. Results were compared to pure 124 I-acquisitions. The quality of 124 I-PET images in the presence of high 131 I-activities was good and image quantification unaffected except at very high count rates. Quantitation accuracy and contrast recovery were uninfluenced at 131 I-activities below 1000 MBq, whereas image noise was slightly increased. The NECR peaked at 550 MBq of 131 I, where it was 2.8 times lower than without 131 I in the phantom. Quantitative peri-therapeutic 124 I-PET is feasible.

  13. Interventional therapy for human breast cancer in nude mice with 131I gelatin microspheres (131I-GMSs) following intratumoral injection

    PubMed Central

    2014-01-01

    Introduction The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of 131I gelatin microspheres (131I-GMS) on human breast cancer cells (MCF-7) in nude mice and the biodistribution of 131I-GMSs following intratumoral injections. Methods A total of 20 tumor-bearing mice were divided into a treatment group and control group and received intratumoral injections of 2.5 mci 131I-GMSs and nonradioactive GMSs, respectively. Tumor size was measured once per week. Another 16 mice received intratumoral injections of 0.4 mci 131I-GMSs and were subjected to single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) scans and tissue radioactivity concentration measurements on day 1, 4, 8 and 16 postinjection. The 20 tumor-bearing mice received intratumoral injections of 0.4 mci [131I] sodium iodide solution and were subjected to SPECT scans and intratumoral radioactivity measurements at 1, 6, 24, 48 and 72 h postinjection. The tumors were collected for histological examination. Results The average tumor volume in the 131I-GMSs group on post-treatment day 21 decreased to 86.82 ± 63.6%, while it increased to 893.37 ± 158.12% in the control group (P < 0.01 vs. the 131I-GMSs group). 131I-GMSs provided much higher intratumoral retention of radioactivity, resulting in 19.93 ± 5.24% of the injected radioactivity after 16 days, whereas the control group retained only 1.83 ± 0.46% of the injected radioactivity within the tumors at 1 h postinjection. Conclusions 131I-GMSs suppressed the growth of MCF-7 in nude mice and provided sustained intratumoral radioactivity retention. The results suggest the potential of 131I-GMSs for clinical applications in radiotherapy for breast cancer. PMID:24958442

  14. (124)I-L19-SIP for immuno-PET imaging of tumour vasculature and guidance of (131)I-L19-SIP radioimmunotherapy.

    PubMed

    Tijink, Bernard M; Perk, Lars R; Budde, Marianne; Stigter-van Walsum, Marijke; Visser, Gerard W M; Kloet, Reina W; Dinkelborg, Ludger M; Leemans, C René; Neri, Dario; van Dongen, Guus A M S

    2009-08-01

    The human monoclonal antibody (MAb) fragment L19-SIP is directed against extra domain B (ED-B) of fibronectin, a marker of tumour angiogenesis. A clinical radioimmunotherapy (RIT) trial with (131)I-L19-SIP was recently started. In the present study, after GMP production of (124)I and efficient production of (124)I-L19-SIP, we aimed to demonstrate the suitability of (124)I-L19-SIP immuno-PET for imaging of angiogenesis at early-stage tumour development and as a scouting procedure prior to clinical (131)I-L19-SIP RIT. (124)I was produced in a GMP compliant way via (124)Te(p,n)(124)I reaction and using a TERIMO module for radioiodine separation. L19-SIP was radioiodinated by using a modified version of the IODO-GEN method. The biodistribution of coinjected (124)I- and (131)I-L19-SIP was compared in FaDu xenograft-bearing nude mice, while (124)I PET images were obtained from mice with tumours of <50 to approximately 700 mm(3). (124)I was produced highly pure with an average yield of 15.4 +/- 0.5 MBq/microAh, while separation yield was approximately 90% efficient with <0.5% loss of TeO(2). Overall labelling efficiency, radiochemical purity and immunoreactive fraction were for (124)I-L19-SIP: approximately 80 , 99.9 and >90%, respectively. Tumour uptake was 7.3 +/- 2.1, 10.8 +/- 1.5, 7.8 +/- 1.4, 5.3 +/- 0.6 and 3.1 +/- 0.4%ID/g at 3, 6, 24, 48 and 72 h p.i., resulting in increased tumour to blood ratios ranging from 6.0 at 24 h to 45.9 at 72 h p.i.. Fully concordant labelling and biodistribution results were obtained with (124)I- and (131)I-L19-SIP. Immuno-PET with (124)I-L19-SIP using a high-resolution research tomograph PET scanner revealed clear delineation of the tumours as small as 50 mm(3) and no adverse uptake in other organs. (124)I-MAb conjugates for clinical immuno-PET can be efficiently produced. Immuno-PET with (124)I-L19-SIP appeared qualified for sensitive imaging of tumour neovasculature and for predicting (131)I-L19-SIP biodistribution.

  15. Recurrent thyrotoxicosis after I-131 induced hypothyroidism

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Liu, L.; Borowski, G.D.; Shtasel, P.

    1984-01-01

    The first clinically and biochemically documented case of recurrent thyrotoxicosis after I-131 induced hypothyroidism in a patient with Graves' disease is reported. Two months after the administration of 9.2 mCi of I-131, the subject developed hypothyroidism. One month later, the patient became euthyroid. Then, nine months following ablation, the patient again developed thyrotoxicosis. A second dose of I-131 of 12.5 mCi was required to finally produce permanent hypothyroidism. This case illustrates the recurrence of hypothyroidism after what had seemed to have been adequate I-131 radiation.

  16. Cotransfecting norepinephrine transporter and vesicular monoamine transporter 2 genes for increased retention of metaiodobenzylguanidine labeled with iodine 131 in malignant hepatocarcinoma cells.

    PubMed

    Zhao, Yanlin; Zhong, Xiao; Ou, Xiaohong; Cai, Huawei; Wu, Xiaoai; Huang, Rui

    2017-03-01

    Norepinephrine transporter (NET) transfection leads to significant uptake of iodine-131-labeled metaiodobenzylguanidine ( 131 I-MIBG) in non-neuroendocrine tumors. However, the use of 131 I-MIBG is limited by its short retention time in target cells. To prolong the retention of 131 I-MIBG in target cells, we infected hepatocarcinoma (HepG2) cells with Lentivirus-encoding human NET and vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (VMAT2) genes to obtain NET-expressing, NET-VMAT2-coexpressing, and negative-control cell lines. We evaluated the uptake and efflux of 131 I-MIBG both in vitro and in vivo in mice bearing transfected tumors. NET-expressing and NET-VMAT2-coexpressing cells respectively showed 2.24 and 2.22 times higher 131 I-MIBG uptake than controls. Two hours after removal of 131 I-MIBG-containing medium, 25.4% efflux was observed in NET-VMAT2-coexpressing cells and 38.6% in NET-expressing cells. In vivo experiments were performed in nude mice bearing transfected tumors; results revealed that NET-VMAT2-coexpressing tumors had longer 131 I-MIBG retention time than NET-expressing tumors. Meanwhile, NET-VMAT2-coexpressing and NET-expressing tumors displayed 0.54% and 0.19%, respectively, of the injected dose per gram of tissue 24 h after 131 I-MIBG administration. Cotransfection of HepG2 cells with NET and VMAT2 resulted in increased 131 I-MIBG uptake and retention. However, the degree of increase was insufficient to be therapeutically effective in target cells.

  17. EphB4-targeted imaging with antibody h131, h131-F(ab′)2 and h131-Fab

    PubMed Central

    Li, Dan; Liu, Shuanglong; Liu, Ren; Zhou, Yue; Park, Ryan; Naga, Kranthi; Krasnoperov, Valery; Gill, Parkash S.; Li, Zibo; Shan, Hong; Conti, Peter S.

    2013-01-01

    Accumulating evidence suggests that overexpression of the tyrosine kinase receptor EphB4, a mediator of vascular development, is a novel target for tumor diagnosis, prognosis and therapy. Noninvasive imaging of EphB4 expression could therefore be valuable for evaluating disease course and therapeutic efficacy at the earliest stages of anti-EphB4 treatment. In this study, we systematically investigated the use of anti-EphB4 antibody h131 (150 kD) and its fragments (h131-F(ab′)2, 110 kD; h131-Fab, 50 kD) for near-infrared fluorescence (NIRF) imaging of EphB4 expression in vivo. h131-F(ab′)2 and h131-Fab were produced through pepsin and papain digestion of h131 respectively, whose purity was confirmed by FPLC and SDS-PAGE. After conjugation with Cy5.5, in vivo characteristics of h131, h131-F(ab′)2 and h131-Fab were evaluated in EphB4-positive HT29 tumor model. Although h131-Cy5.5 demonstrated highest tumor uptake among these probes, its optimal tumor uptake level was obtained at 2 d post injection (p.i.). For h131-Fab-Cy5.5, maximum tumor uptake was achieved at 4 h p.i.. However, no significant difference was observed between h131-Fab-Cy5.5 and hIgG-Fab-Cy5.5, indicating the tumor accumulation was mainly caused by passive targeting. In contrast, h131-F(ab′)2-Cy5.5 demonstrated prominent tumor uptake at 6 h p.i. The target specificity was confirmed by hIgG-F(ab′)2-Cy5.5 control and immunofluorescent staining. Collectively, h131-F(ab′)2 exhibited prominent and specific tumor uptake at early time points, which suggests it is a promising agent for EphB4-targeted imaging. PMID:24147882

  18. Metabolism and Distribution of 131 I-labelled Albumin in the Pig *

    PubMed Central

    Dich, John; Nielsen, Knud

    1963-01-01

    The biological behaviour of porcine 131I-albumin has been investigated in 11 normal pigs, weight appr. 20 kg. Mean values obtained from the experiments are: Albumin degradation: 15.1 ± 2.1 per cent/day (0.18 ± 0.01 g/kg/day), extravascular: intravascular albumin ratio: 1.71 ± 0.29. Fecal excretion of radio-activity ranged from 0.77—1.87 per cent of the dose (mean: 1.11 per cent) during the first 4 days of the experiment. The results are discussed with special reference to the rôle of the gastrointestinal tract in health and in various digestive disorders. PMID:17649473

  19. Intravenous bolus of 125I labeled meglumine diatrizoate. Early extravascular distribution.

    PubMed

    Dean, P B; Kormano, M

    1977-05-01

    A mixture of 125I labeled meglumine diatrizoate and 131I labeled human serum albumin was injected into the femoral vein of 26 anesthetized male rats. Measurements of the activities in cardiac blood and in different tissues of the lower extremity and in the testis were performed at time intervals ranging from 5 s to 5 min after injection. The determination of tissue uptake and distribution volumes of diatrizoate showed widely differing accumulation of contrast medium. Over 50 per cent of the intravenous bolus of diatrizoate was extravascular at 40 s.

  20. Management of thyroid carcinoma with radioactive 131I.

    PubMed

    Paryani, S B; Chobe, R J; Scott, W; Wells, J; Johnson, D; Kuruvilla, A; Schoeppel, S; Deshmukh, A; Miller, R; Dajani, L; Montgomery, C T; Puestow, E; Purcell, J; Roura, M; Sutton, D; Mallett, R; Peer, J

    1996-08-01

    To evaluate the role of radioactive 131I in the management of patients with well differentiated carcinoma of the thyroid. Between 1965 and 1995, a total of 117 patients with well-differentiated carcinoma of the thyroid underwent either lobectomy or thyroidectomy followed by 100-150 mCi of 131I. With a median follow-up of 8 years, only four patients (3%) developed a recurrence of their disease. The 5-year actuarial survival was 97% with a 10-year survival of 91%. There were no severe side effects noted after 131I therapy. Radioactive 131I is a safe and effective procedure for the majority of patients with well-differentiated thyroid carcinoma. We currently recommend that all patients undergo a subtotal or total thyroidectomy followed by 131I thyroid scanning approximately 4 weeks after surgery. If the thyroid scan shows no residual uptake and all disease is confined to the thyroid, we recommend following patients with annual thyroid scans and serum thyroglobulin levels. If there is any residual uptake detected in the neck or if the tumor extends beyond the thyroid, we recommend routine thyroid ablation of 100-150 mCi of radioactive 131I.

  1. Iodine-131-labeled diphosphonates for palliative treatment of bone metastases: II. Preliminary clinical results with iodine-131 BDP3.

    PubMed

    Eisenhut, M; Berberich, R; Kimmig, B; Oberhausen, E

    1986-08-01

    The kinetics, dosimetry, and response of iodine-131 alpha-amino-(4-hydroxybenzylidene)-diphosphonate ([131I]BDP3) treatment were investigated with patients who had pain symptoms from bone metastases of various primary carcinoma. The blood clearance of [131I]BDP3 was rapid. More than 90% disappeared from the blood pool at 2 hr after injection. The excretion of the activity occurred solely through the kidneys and mean total-body retention at 48 hr was 48.6%. The urinary activity showed a metabolite which must be formed by an in vivo cleavage reaction of a phosphorus-carbon bond. The uptake of in vivo cleaved [131I]iodide in the unblocked thyroid was approximately 0.5%. The effective half-life of [131I]BDP3 in metastatic bone (median 182 hr; range 177-205 hr) proved to be longer than in unaffected areas (145 hr; 140-165 hr). Palliative therapies were performed with 18 patients. They received doses ranging between 6 and 48 mCi [131I]BDP3. The response was 44% complete pain relief, 6% substantial pain relief, 22% minimal improvement, and 28% no change. The duration of response ranged between 1 and 8 wk.

  2. Targeted radionuclide therapy for lung cancer with iodine-131-labeled peptide in a nude-mouse model.

    PubMed

    Chen, Zhenzhu; Gao, Hongyi; Li, Man; Fang, Shun; Li, Guiping; Guo, Linlang

    2017-06-01

    Integrin α3β1 has been shown to be a novel candidate target for the imaging and specific therapy of non-small-cell lung cancer. We have previously reported on a peptide containing a novel motif of NGXG that specifically binds to the integrin α3 receptor on lung cancer cells using a one-bead one-peptide combinatorial library. In this study, we developed the peptide cNGEGQQc-based therapeutic agent labeling with radionuclide iodine-131 (I) and evaluated its characteristics including stability, biodistribution, antitumor activity, and safety. The results showed that I-cNGEGQQc was stable in serum. Furthermore, the biodistribution of I-cNGEGQQc was determined in normal mice and rabbits. In-vivo biodistribution studies showed that radiolabeled peptide in the kidney was significantly higher than that in other organs. Nude mice bearing lung cancer cell xenografts (H1975 and L78) were used as an in-vivo model for tumor-inhibition efficacy studies with I-cNGEGQQc. The tumor growth decreased significantly in mice receiving I-labeled peptide compared with the controls and the effect of I-labeled peptide can be blocked by unlabeled cNGEGQQc. Safety studies showed that I-cNGEGQQc was relatively safe for animals without significant toxicity. Our data suggest that I-cNGEGQQc has potential as a targeted radiotherapeutic agent for non-small-cell lung cancer.

  3. Intra-arterial bolus of 125I labeled meglumine diatrizoate. Early extravascular distribution.

    PubMed

    Dean, P B; Kormano, M

    1977-07-01

    A mixture of 125I labeled meglumine diatrizoate and 131I labeled human serum albumin was injected into the lower abdominal aorta of 30 anesthetized, laparotomized male rats. Measurements of the activities in cardiac blood and in different tissues of the hindlimbs and tests were perfomed at six time intervals ranging from 5 seconds to 2 minutes after injection, the determine early uptake and distribution volumes of diatrizoate. Concentrations and distribution volumes were initially much greater than values obtained after intravenous injection, but these differences had considerably decreased or disappeared by 2 minutes.

  4. Observation of radioactive iodine ((131)I, (129)I) in cropland soil after the Fukushima nuclear accident.

    PubMed

    Fujiwara, Hideshi

    2016-10-01

    During the early stages of the Fukushima nuclear accident, the temporal variations of (131)I deposited on the ground and of (131)I accumulated in cropland soil were monitored at a fixed location in Japan. Moreover, concentrations of long-lived radioactive iodine ((129)I) in atmospheric deposits and soil were measured to examine the feasibility of retrospectively reconstructing (131)I levels from the levels of accident-derived (129)I. The exceptionally high levels of (131)I in deposits and soil were attributed to rainfall-related deposition of radionuclides. In the crop field studied, the losses of deposited (131)I and (129)I due to volatilization were small. The atomic ratio (129)I/(131)I in the topsoil corresponded to the same ratio in deposits. The (131)I concentrations measured in the topsoil were very consistent with the (131)I concentrations reconstructed from the (129)I concentrations in the soil. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  5. Recurrent malignant pheochromocytoma with unusual omental metastasis: 68Ga-DOTANOC PET/CT and 131I-MIBG SPECT/CT scintigraphy findings

    PubMed Central

    Arora, Saurabh; Agarwal, Krishan Kant; Karunanithi, Sellam; Tripathi, Madhavi; Kumar, Rakesh

    2014-01-01

    Pheochromocytomas are rare catecholamine-secreting tumors derived from the sympathetic nervous system. The most common sites of metastasis for pheochromocytoma or extra-adrenal paraganglioma are lymph nodes, bones, lungs, and liver. Patients with known or suspected malignancy should undergo staging with computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging as well as functional imaging (e.g. with 123I/131I-MIBG (131I-metaiodobenzylguanidine) and 68Ga-DOTANOC (68Ga-labeled [1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid]-1-NaI3-octreotide) positron emission tomography (PET)/CT) to determine the extent and location of disease. We present a case of recurrent malignant pheochromocytoma with unusual site of metastasis in omentum, which was positive on 68Ga-DOTANOC PET/CT and 131I-MIBG single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT/)/CT scintigraphy. PMID:25400380

  6. Recurrent malignant pheochromocytoma with unusual omental metastasis: (68)Ga-DOTANOC PET/CT and (131)I-MIBG SPECT/CT scintigraphy findings.

    PubMed

    Arora, Saurabh; Agarwal, Krishan Kant; Karunanithi, Sellam; Tripathi, Madhavi; Kumar, Rakesh

    2014-10-01

    Pheochromocytomas are rare catecholamine-secreting tumors derived from the sympathetic nervous system. The most common sites of metastasis for pheochromocytoma or extra-adrenal paraganglioma are lymph nodes, bones, lungs, and liver. Patients with known or suspected malignancy should undergo staging with computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging as well as functional imaging (e.g. with (123)I/(131)I-MIBG ((131)I-metaiodobenzylguanidine) and (68)Ga-DOTANOC ((68)Ga-labeled [1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid]-1-NaI3-octreotide) positron emission tomography (PET)/CT) to determine the extent and location of disease. We present a case of recurrent malignant pheochromocytoma with unusual site of metastasis in omentum, which was positive on (68)Ga-DOTANOC PET/CT and (131)I-MIBG single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT/)/CT scintigraphy.

  7. Variation in airborne 134Cs, 137Cs, particulate 131I and 7Be maximum activities at high-altitude European locations after the arrival of Fukushima-labeled air masses.

    PubMed

    Masson, Olivier; Bieringer, Jacqueline; Brattich, Erika; Dalheimer, Axel; Estier, Sybille; Penev, Ilia; Ringer, Wolfgang; Schlosser, Clemens; Steinkopff, Thomas; Steinmann, Philipp; Tositti, Laura; Van Beek, Pieter; Vismes-Ott, Anne de

    2016-10-01

    The Fukushima-labeled air mass arrival, and later the cesium-134 ( 134 Cs), cesium-137 ( 137 Cs) and particulate iodine-131 (hereafter noted 131 I p ) maximum levels were registered in Europe at different dates depending on the location. Most of those data were obtained at low-altitude sampling areas. Here, we compare the airborne levels registered at different high-altitude European locations (from 850 m to about 3500 m). The integrated 137 Cs activity concentration was not uniform with regard to the altitude even after a long travel time/distance from Japan. Moreover, the relation of integrated 137 Cs vs. altitude showed a linear decrease up to an altitude of about 3000 m. A similar trend was noticed for 131 I p (particulate fraction) while it increased above 3000 m. Comparison with 7 Be activity concentration showed that, as far as the high altitude location is concerned, the 137 Cs and 134 Cs maximum concentrations corresponded to the 7 Be maximum, suggesting downdraft movements from high tropospheric or stratospheric layers to be responsible for 137,134 Cs increase and peak values. This was also confirmed by high potential vorticity and low relative humidity registered during the peak values. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  8. Targeting radioimmunotherapy of hepatocellular carcinoma with iodine ({sup 131}I) metuximab injection: Clinical Phase I/II trials

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Chen Zhinan; Mi Li; Xu Jing

    2006-06-01

    Purpose: HAb18G/CD147 is a hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)-associated antigen. We developed iodine ({sup 131}I) metuximab injection (Licartin), a novel {sup 131}I-labeled HAb18G/CD147-specific monoclonal antibody F(ab'){sub 2} fragment, and evaluated its safety, pharmacokinetics, and clinical efficacy on HCC in Phase I/II trials. Methods and Materials: In a Phase I trial, 28 patients were randomly assigned to receive the injection in 9.25-, 18.5-, 27.75-, or 37-MBq/kg doses by hepatic artery infusion. In a multicenter Phase II trial, 106 patients received the injection (27.75 MBq/kg) on Day 1 of a 28-day cycle. Response rate and survival rate were the endpoints. Results: No life-threatening toxicmore » effects were found. The safe dosage was 27.75 MBq/kg. The blood clearance fitted a biphasic model, and its half-life was 90.56-63.93 h. In the Phase II trial, the injection was found to be targeted and concentrated to tumor tissues. Of the 73 patients completing two cycles, 6 (8.22%) had a partial response, 14 (19.18%) minor response, and 43 (58.90%) stable disease. The 21-month survival rate was 44.54%. The survival rate of progression-free patients was significantly higher than that of patients with progressive disease after either one or two cycles (p < 0.0001 or p 0.0019). Conclusion: Iodine ({sup 131}I) metuximab injection is safe and active for HCC patients.« less

  9. THE EFFECT OF SELF- AND EXTERNAL RADIATIONS ON I$sup 131$-LABELLED 1- THYROXINE AND 3,5,3'-TRIIODO-1-THYRONINE IN SOLUTION

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Tata, J.R.

    1959-05-01

    Chemical changes produced in dilute solutions of I/sup 131/labeled l- thyroxine and 3,5,3'-triiodo-l-thyronine by the action of self- and external radiations (high energy x and radiation) have been studied quantitatively. The same major products of radiochemical decomposition, Compounds "1" and "2", were obtained from selfradiation in labeled thyroxine and triiodothyronine of high specific activity and from externally irradiated samples of low specific activity. By a combination of chromatographic, electrophoretic and spot-test analyses, Compound "1" has been tentatively identified as gestion for the formation of a similar derivative of triiodothyronine. The kinetics of radiochemical change induced by self-radiation of the twomore » iodothyronines have been studied over a period of storage of 40 days. Once formed, the lactic acid analogues of the hormones are rapidly deiodinated. The radiochemical reaction is inhibited by storage in the dried or frozen state or by the addition of cysteines glycine and human serum albumin. The possible mechanism of the radiationinduced changes and their implications in biological work are discussed. (auth)« less

  10. Metabolic comparison of radiolabeled aniline- and phenol-phthaleins with (131)I.

    PubMed

    Avcibaşi, Uğur; Avcibaşi, Nesibe; Unak, Turan; Unak, Perihan; Müftüler, Fazilet Zümrüt; Yildirim, Yeliz; Dinçalp, Haluk; Gümüşer, Fikriye Gül; Dursun, Ebru Rükşen

    2008-05-01

    The metabolic comparison of aniline- and phenol-phthaleins radiolabeled with (131)I ((131)I-APH and (131)I-PPH, respectively) has been investigated in this study. To compare the metabolic behavior of these phthaleins and their glucuronide conjugates radiolabeled with (131)I, scintigraphic and biodistributional techniques were applied using male Albino rabbits. The results obtained have shown that these compounds were successfully radioiodinated with a radioiodination yield of about 100%. Maximum uptakes of (131)I-APH and (131)I-PPH, which were metabolized as N- and O-glucuronides, were observed within 2 h in the bladder and in the small intestine, respectively. In the case of verification of considerably up taking of these compounds also by tumors developed in the small intestine and in the bladder tissues, these results can be expected to be encouraging to test these compounds, which will be radiolabeled with other radioiodines such as (125)I, (123)I and (124)I as imaging and therapeutic agents in nuclear medical applications.

  11. Vascular labeling of the head and neck vessels: Technique, advantages and limitations.

    PubMed

    Gálvez, Alba; Caraballo, José-Leonardo; Manzanares-Céspedes, María-Cristina; Valdivia-Gandur, Iván; Figueiredo, Rui; Valmaseda-Castellón, Eduard

    2017-05-01

    Vascular staining techniques have been used to describe the vascular structures of several anatomic areas. However, few reports have described this procedure in the head and neck region. This paper describes a head and neck vascular labeling procedure, and describes some of the technical complications that may occur. Fifteen specimen cadaver heads were prepared. After drying the vascular system, the internal carotid arteries were ligated and a solution with latex and a gelling agent was injected into the internal carotid arteries and external jugular veins. Two different colors were employed to differentiate arteries from veins. A total of 60ml latex was injected into each blood vessel. Subsequently, the specimens were refrigerated at 5°C for a minimum of 24 hours. Finally, a dissection was performed to identify the venous and arterial systems of the maxillofacial region. In most specimens, correct identification of the vascular structures (lingual artery, pterigoyd plexus, and the major palatal arteries, among others) was possible. However, in three heads a major technical problem occurred (the latex remained liquid), making the dissection unfeasible. Other minor complications such as latex obstruction due to the presence of atheromas were found in two further specimens. The vascular labeling technique is a predictable, effective and simple method for analyzing the vascular system of the maxillofacial area in cadaveric studies, including vessels of reduced diameter or with an intraosseous course. This procedure can be especially useful to teach vascular anatomy to dental students and postgraduate residents. Key words: Blood vessels, vascular casting, vascular labeling, head and neck arteries, carotid arteries, jugular veins.

  12. Targeted radionuclide therapy of melanoma: anti-tumoural efficacy studies of a new 131I labelled potential agent.

    PubMed

    Bonnet-Duquennoy, Mathilde; Papon, Janine; Mishellany, Florence; Labarre, Pierre; Guerquin-Kern, Jean-Luc; Wu, Ting-Di; Gardette, Maryline; Maublant, Jean; Penault-Llorca, Frédérique; Miot-Noirault, Elisabeth; Cayre, Anne; Madelmont, Jean-Claude; Chezal, Jean-Michel; Moins, Nicole

    2009-08-01

    In recent years, there has been dramatic worldwide increase in incidence of malignant melanoma. Although localised disease is often curable by surgical excision, metastatic melanoma is inherently resistant to most treatments. In this context, targeted radionuclide therapy could be an efficient alternative. After pharmacomodulation study, we selected a quinoxaline derivative molecule (ICF01012) for its high, specific and long-lasting uptake in melanoma with rapid clearance from nontarget organs providing suitable dosimetry parameters for targeted radiotherapy. Aim of this study was to investigate, in vivo, efficacy of [(131)I]ICF01012 on nonmetastatic B16F0, metastatic B16Bl6 or human M4Beu melanoma tumours. First, colocalisation of ICF01012 with melanin by SIMS imaging was observed. Second, we showed that treatment drastically inhibited growth of B16F0, B16Bl6 and M4beu tumours whereas [(131)I]NaI or unlabelled ICF01012 treatment was without significant effect. Histological analysis and measure of PCNA proliferation marker expression showed that residual B16 tumour cells exhibit a significant loss of aggressiveness after treatment. This effect is associated with a lengthening of the treated-mice survival time. Moreover, with B16Bl6 model, 55% of the untreated mice had lung metastases whereas no metastasis was counted on treated group. Our data demonstrated a strong anti-tumoural effect of [(131)I]ICF01012 for radionuclide therapy on murine and human in vivo pigmented melanoma models, whatever their dissemination profiles and their melanin content be. Further studies will attempt to optimise therapy protocol by increasing the balance between the anti-tumoural effect and the safety on non-target organs.

  13. Medically-derived 131I in municipal sewage effluent.

    PubMed

    Rose, Paula S; Swanson, R Lawrence; Cochran, J Kirk

    2012-11-01

    This work presents (131)I (t(½) = 8.04 d) concentrations in sewage effluent from the Stony Brook Water Pollution Control Plant (WPCP), a small plant serving a regional thyroid cancer treatment facility in Stony Brook, NY, USA. The concentrations detected in sewage effluent ranged from 1.8 ± 0.3 to 227 ± 2 Bq L(-1). The primary source of (131)I is excreta from thyroid cancer inpatients treated at the Stony Brook University Medical Center. Based on several time series measurements following known inpatient treatments, the mean sewage half-life (T(s)) of iodine is 3 d in this plant. The T(s), analogous to a radioactive half-life, describes the time it takes for half of a wastewater component to be removed from a WPCP. Flow recycling, or activated sludge, used to maintain bacterial populations necessary for sewage treatment causes iodine to remain in this plant far longer than its hydraulic retention time. The experimental results suggest that most (131)I entering the Stony Brook WPCP leaves in sewage effluent, not in sewage sludge. Patient treatments can result in continuous discharges of (131)I to surface waters where it can be used as a tracer of sewage-derived material and to understand the behavior of (131)I in aquatic environments. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  14. Risk Factors of 131I-Induced Salivary Gland Damage in Thyroid Cancer Patients

    PubMed Central

    Hollingsworth, Brynn; Senter, Leigha; Zhang, Xiaoli; Brock, Guy N.; Jarjour, Wael; Nagy, Rebecca; Brock, Pamela; Coombes, Kevin R.; Kloos, Richard T.; Ringel, Matthew D.; Sipos, Jennifer; Lattimer, Ilene; Carrau, Ricardo

    2016-01-01

    Context: Sialadenitis and xerostomia are major adverse effects of 131I therapy in thyroid cancer patients. The risk factors for these adverse effects, other than administered activity of 131I, have not been investigated. Objective: The aim of this study is to identify risk factors for 131I-induced salivary gland damage among follicular cell-derived thyroid cancer patients. Design: We enrolled 216 thyroid cancer patients who visited The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center between April 2013 and April 2014. Symptoms of xerostomia and sialadenitis were identified via questionnaire and medical record search. To validate the findings in a large cohort, we retrospectively searched for ICD-9/10 codes for sialadenitis, xerostomia, and autoimmune disease associated with Sjögren's syndrome (AID-SS) in our existing database (n = 1507). Demographic and clinical information was extracted from medical records. Multivariate analyses were performed to identify independent predictors for salivary gland damage. Results: 131I treatment associated with higher incidence of xerostomia and sialadenitis. Patients with xerostomia had 46 mCi higher mean cumulative 131I activity and 21 mCi higher mean first-administered 131I activity than patients without xerostomia. Increased age associated with higher incidence of xerostomia, and females had a higher incidence of sialadenitis. Patients who experienced sialadenitis before 131I therapy had higher sialadenitis incidence after 131I therapy. 131I-treated patients diagnosed with AID-SS, whether before or after 131I treatment, had a higher incidence of xerostomia and sialadenitis among 131I-treated patients. Conclusion: Risk factors for 131I-induced salivary gland damage include administered 131I activity, age, gender, history of sialadenitis before 131I treatment, and AID-SS diagnosis. PMID:27533304

  15. (131)I-MIBG radionuclide therapy is safe and cost-effective in the control of symptoms of the carcinoid syndrome.

    PubMed

    Pathirana, A A; Vinjamuri, S; Byrne, C; Ghaneh, P; Vora, J; Poston, G J

    2001-06-01

    The standard treatment used to control the symptoms of carcinoid syndrome (CS) involves subcutaneous injections of the somatostatin analogue octreotide. This is expensive (US $8000--16,000 per year), and treatment may be for many years. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and cost-effectiveness of our experience over the last 5 years with 1-131-labelled metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) radionuclide therapy in the palliation of patients with CS. A consecutive series of 20 symptomatic patients (referred between 1994 and 1999) with CS were evaluated. Fifteen of them underwent(123)I-MIBG scanning. Of the 13 patients with significant tracer uptake in metastatic deposits compared to background, 12 underwent a course of therapeutic(131)I-MIBG (one patient refused). Symptoms, biochemical markers, CT scans, follow-up(123)I-MIBG scans, and the requirement for octreotide were used to assess outcome of treatment. Costs of(131)I-MIBG and octreotide treatments were compared. MIBG treatment was well tolerated in all with only transient side-effects. Ten patients showed a measurable clinical improvement. Seven had a complete clinical response. The mean duration of response was 15.4 months. Octreotide was not required or was reduced in eight patients. Treatment with(131)I-MIBG resulted in a saving of US $1000 per patient, with effective symptom control, when compared to octreotide. 1-131 MIBG therapy is a safe and cost-effective therapeutic option to successfully control symptoms in patients with carcinoid syndrome. Copyright Harcourt Publishers Limited.

  16. Marrow Ablative and Immunosuppressive Effects of I-131-anti-CD45 Antibody in Congenic and H2-Mismatched Murine Transplant Models

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Matthews, D. C.; Martin, P J.; Nourigat, C.

    1998-12-01

    Targeted hematopoietic irradiation delivered by I-131-anti-CD45 antibody has been combined with conventional marrow transplant preparative regimens in an effort to decrease relapse. Before increasing the proportion of therapy delivered by radiolabeled antibody, the myeloablative and immunosuppressive effects of such low dose rate irradiation must be quantitated. We have examined the ability of I-131-anti-CD45 antibody to facilitate engraftment in Ly5-congenic and H2-mismatched murine marrow transplant models. Recipient B6-Ly5-a mice were treated with 30F11 antibody labeled with 0.1 to 1.5 mCi I-131 and/or total body irradiation (TBI), followed by T-cell-depleted marrow from Ly5-b-congenic (C57BL/6) or H2-mismatched (BALB/c) donors. Engraftment was achieved readilymore » in the Ly5-congenic setting, with greater than 80% donor granulocytes and T cells after 0.5 mCi I-131 (estimated 17 Gy to marrow) or 8 Gy TBI. A higher TBI dose (14 Gy) was required to achieve engraftment of H2-mismatched mar row, and engraftment occurred in only 3 of 11 mice receiving 1.5 mCi I-131 delivered by anti-CD45 antibody. Engraftment of H2-mismatched marrow was achieved in 22 of 23 animals receiving 0.75 mCi I-131 delivered by anti-CD45 antibody combined with 8 Gy TBI. Thus, targeted radiation delivered via I-131-anti-CD45 antibody can enable engraftment of congenic marrow and can partially replace TBI when transplanting T-cell-depleted H2-mismatched marrow.« less

  17. Radiochemical purity, at expiry, and radiochemical stability of iodine-131 labelled meta-iodobenzylguanidine concentrates for intravenous infusion.

    PubMed

    Wafelman, A R; Hoefnagel, C A; Maes, R A; Beijnen, J H

    1996-08-01

    The determination of the amount of free [131I]iodide in [131I]metaiodobenzylguanidine ([131I]MIBG) concentrates for intravenous infusion under different storage conditions derived from daily practice. The percentage of free [131I]iodide was determined in [131I]MIBG concentrates (1.6-3.9 GBq in 7.5 ml), kept on dry ice (up to expiry, 3 days after production) or, after thawing, at room temperature (up to 24 h). A validated solid phase extraction (SPE) assay was used. Free [131I]iodide increased from 1.9% +/- 0.34% at production to 4.4% +/- 0.67% (mean +/- SD; n = 5) at expiry in 3.7 GBq per 7.5 ml [131I]MIBG infusion concentrates stored on dry ice (-78 degrees C). At room temperature, formation of free [131I]iodide was found to be dependent on the radioactive concentration of the fluid. [131I]iodide levels increased from 3.1%, immediately after thawing, to 6.6% and 16.6% at t = 5 and 24 h, respectively, for a 3.9 GBq per 7.5 ml concentrate. The investigated formulation of [131I]MIBG concentrates, stored in its original packing containing dry ice, can generally be used up to expiry. After thawing, the undiluted concentrates should be administered to a patient within 3.5 h.

  18. Comparative survival analysis of adjuvant therapy with iodine-131-labeled lipiodol to hepatic resection of primary hepatocellular carcinoma: a meta-analysis.

    PubMed

    Gong, Lin; Shi, Lu; Sun, Jing; Yuan, Wei-Sheng; Chen, Jian-Feng; Liu, Peng; Gong, Feng; Dong, Jia-Hong

    2014-05-01

    Adjuvant therapies play an important role in delaying the recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in patients with resectable tumor. Among the available options, use of radionuclides is an effective strategy. This meta-analysis aims to examine the evidence pertaining to the effectiveness of adjuvant therapy with intra-arterial iodine-131-labeled lipiodol ((131)I-lipiodol) to hepatic resection of HCC. A literature survey was conducted of multiple electronic databases including PubMed/Medline, Embase, CINAHL, Cochrane library, and Google Scholar using various combinations of the most relevant key terms. The odds ratio-based meta-analysis of recurrence and survival rates was performed with RevMan software (version 5.2) using a random-effect model. Heterogeneity was assessed by χ(2) and I(2) statistics. When compared with the resection-only group, recurrence rates at 2 and 5 years were significantly lower in patients who received adjuvant therapy with intra-arterial I-lipiodol, with a corresponding odds ratio (95% confidence interval) of 0.45 (0.29-0.70) and 0.52 (0.32-0.85), respectively. The 3- and 5-year overall survival rates were found to be significantly higher in patients who received adjuvant therapy with (131)I-lipiodol than in patients who were not given any adjuvant therapy. Between-study statistical heterogeneity was moderate. Postoperative adjuvant therapy with intra-arterial (131)I-lipiodol to hepatic resection of HCC significantly improves overall and disease-free survival rates and reduces recurrence rates. However, well-designed randomized trials are needed to arrive at conclusive evidence.

  19. Congenital hypothyroidism in infant following maternal I 131 therapy

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Fisher, William D.; Voorhess, Mary L.; Gardner, Lytt I.

    1963-01-01

    The case history is cited of an infant with congenital hypothyroidism whose mother had received 14.5 mC I 131 as therapy for Graves' disease during the end of the first trimester of pregnancy. It was estimated that the fetal thyroid received around 250000 rad, contrasted with the usual estimated 10000 to 20000 rad for the thyroid of adults treated for hyperthyroidism. The infant when seen at the age of 18 months showed marked retardation in growth and in physical and mental development. The danger of I 131 therapy to women of child-bearing age is emphasized. An extensive discussion is givenmore » on the hazards of radioactive isotopes in the environment to children, the description of the fallout pattern of Sr 90 in the U. S. and the difficulties in accurately estimating its danger to children, several possible approaches to the reduction of dietary Sr 90, I 131 contamination of the environment, and the use of nonradioactive iodide to interfere with the thyroidal uptake of I 131. The case record data of 4 other infants with congenital hypothyroidism whose mothers underwent I 131 therapy during pregnancy are also cited. Recommendations are provided for avoiding radiation injury to the fetal thyroid as well as for generally lowering the fetal, infant, and maternal incorporation of radionuclides of fallout origin.« less

  20. The Purity of Radioiodide-I131 Assessed by in Vivo and in Vitro Methods

    PubMed Central

    Fawcett, D. M.; Olde, G. L.; McLeod, L. E.

    1962-01-01

    Between 41 and 94% of the radioactivity of 24 preparations of I131 supplied without cysteine preservative was non-iodide on chromatographic analysis. Extraneous radio-activity was essentially absent from I131 supplied with cysteine. It was converted to iodide-I131 by 10-3 M cysteine or iodide but not by incubation at pH 2. The average thyroid uptake of I131 containing extraneous radioactivity was significantly lower than the uptake of I131 free from non-iodide impurity in 16 human subjects measured under controlled conditions and in a random group of 669 patients. Incubation of samples of I131 containing non-iodide radioactivity with tyrosine and cupric chloride resulted in the non-enzymatic formation of monoiodotyrosine-I131 either in the presence or absence of thyroid homogenate. Enzymatic formation of monoiodotyrosine-I131 by thyroid homogenates could be demonstrated only when I131 free from extraneous activity was used. ImagesFig. 1Fig. 2 PMID:13891874

  1. Scintigraphic depiction of an insulinoma by I-131 metaiodobenzylguanidine

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Geatti, O.; Shapiro, B.; Barillari, B.

    1989-12-01

    Scintigraphy with I-131 metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) was effective in depicting a pancreatic insulinoma in a patient suffering from intermittent hypoglycemia. This observation widens the range of neuroendocrine tumors that take up to I-131 MIBG and supports the concept that many tumors of the amine precursor uptake and decarboxylation system may be imaged in this way.

  2. Antithyroid drug regimens before and after 131I-therapy for hyperthyroidism: evidence-based?

    PubMed

    Mijnhout, G S; Franken, A A M

    2008-06-01

    In view of the new national guideline on thyroid dysfunction, the evidence base for current practice as well as the new guideline is assessed with regard to the use of antithyroid drugs (ATDs) before and after radioiodine (131I) therapy. In December 2006, we surveyed 16 hospitals by telephone about different aspects of their antithyroid drug regimen: all eight academic centres and eight nonacademic teaching hospitals. The literature was searched for an evidence-based answer to each question in the inquiry. 13 of 16 hospitals (81%) use antithyroid drugs for pretreatment before 131I. ATDs are discontinued on average four days before 131I or diagnostic scan. However, 27% stop only three days beforehand, which may diminish the effect of 131I. Propylthiouracil (PTU) is also withdrawn four days before 131I, although the literature shows that PTU diminishes the effect of 131I even if it is stopped 15 days beforehand. Resumption of ATDs after 131I to prevent thyrotoxicosis is common practice (81%). One hospital (6%) never restarts ATDs, two (13%) only by indication. Adjunctive treatment consists of combination therapy in 93%, is usually resumed within two days after 131I therapy, and then continued for two to six months. Routine adjunctive treatment is not evidence-based and may be limited to a high-risk subset, especially elderly patients (>70 years) and patients with cardiac comorbidity. Resumption of ATDs within five to seven days after 131I may diminish the effect of 131I. Antithyroid drug regimens in the Netherlands are heterogeneous. The evidence base of current practice and the new guideline are discussed.

  3. Behavior of medically-derived 131I in the tidal Potomac River.

    PubMed

    Rose, Paula S; Smith, Joseph P; Cochran, J Kirk; Aller, Robert C; Swanson, R Lawrence

    2013-05-01

    Iodine-131 (t1/2=8.04 d) is administered to patients for treatment of thyroid disorders, excreted by patients and discharged to surface waters via sewage effluent. Radionuclides generally behave like their stable analogs; therefore, medically-derived (131)I is useful as a transport-reaction tracer of anthropogenic inputs and the aquatic biogeochemistry of iodine. Iodine-131 was measured in Potomac River water and sediments in the vicinity of the Blue Plains Water Pollution Control Plant (WPCP), Washington, DC, USA. Concentrations measured in sewage effluent from Blue Plains WPCP and in the Potomac River suggest a relatively continuous source of this radionuclide. The range of (131)I concentrations detected in surface water was 0.076±0.006 to 6.07±0.07 Bq L(-1). Iodine-131 concentrations in sediments ranged from 1.3±0.8 to 117±2 Bq kg(-1) dry weight. Partitioning in the sewage effluent from Blue Plains and in surface waters indicated that (131)I is associated with colloidal and particulate organic material. The behavior of medically-derived (131)I in the Potomac River is consistent with the nutrient-like behavior of natural iodine in aquatic environments. After discharge to the river via sewage effluent, it is incorporated into biogenic particulate material and deposited in sediments. Solid phase sediment profiles of (131)I indicated rapid mixing or sedimentation of particulate debris and diagenetic remineralization and recycling on short time scales. Copyright © 2013. Published by Elsevier B.V.

  4. Calculated and TLD-based absorbed dose estimates for I-131-labeled 3F8 monoclonal antibody in a human neuroblastoma xenograft nude mouse model.

    PubMed

    Ugur, O; Scott, A M; Kostakoglu, L; Hui, T E; Masterson, M E; Febo, R; Sgouros, G; Rosa, E; Mehta, B M; Fisher, D R

    1995-01-01

    Preclinical evaluation of the therapeutic potential of radiolabeled antibodies is commonly performed in a xenografted nude mouse model. To assess therapeutic efficacy it is important to estimate the absorbed dose to the tumor and normal tissues of the nude mouse. The current study was designed to accurately measure radiation does to human neuroblastoma xenografts and normal organs in nude mice treated with I-131-labeled 3F8 monoclonal antibody (MoAb) against disialoganglioside GD2 antigen. Absorbed dose estimates were obtained using two different approaches: (1) measurement with teflon-imbedded CaSO4:Dy mini-thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLDs) and (2) calculations using mouse S-factors. The calculated total dose to tumor one week after i.v. injection of the 50 microCi I-131-3F8 MoAb was 604 cGy. The corresponding decay corrected and not corrected TLD measurements were 109 +/- 9 and 48.7 +/- 3.4 cGy respectively. The calculated to TLD-derived dose ratios for tumor ranged from 6.1 at 24 h to 5.5 at 1 week. The light output fading rate was found to depend upon the tissue type within which the TLDs were implanted. The decay rate in tumor, muscle, subcutaneous tissue and in vitro, were 9.5, 5.0, 3.7 and 0.67% per day, respectively. We have demonstrated that the type of tissue in which the TLD was implanted strongly influenced the in vivo decay of light output. Even with decay correction, a significant discrepancy was observed between MIRD-based calculated and CaSO4:Dy mini-TLD measured absorbed doses. Batch dependence, pH of the tumor or other variables associated with TLDs which are not as yet well known may account for this discrepancy.

  5. Radiation dose rates of differentiated thyroid cancer patients after 131I therapy.

    PubMed

    Jin, Pingyan; Feng, Huijuan; Ouyang, Wei; Wu, Juqing; Chen, Pan; Wang, Jing; Sun, Yungang; Xian, Jialang; Huang, Liuhua

    2018-05-01

    Postoperative 131 I treatment for differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) can create a radiation hazard for nearby persons. The present prospective study aimed to investigate radiation dose rates in 131 I-treated DTC patients to provide references for radiation protection. A total of 141 131 I-treated DTC patients were enrolled, and grouped into a singular treatment (ST) group and a repeated treatment (RT) group. The radiation dose rate of 131 I-treated patients was measured. The rate of achieving discharge compliance and restricted contact time were analyzed based on Chinese regulations. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the independent factors associated with the clearance of radioiodine. The rate of achieving discharge compliance ( 131 I retention < 400 MBq) was 79.8 and 93.7% at day 2 (D2) for the ST and RT groups, respectively, and reached 100% at D7 and D4, respectively. The restricted contact time with 131 I-treated patients at 0.5 m for medical staff, caregivers, family members, and the general public ranged from 4 to 7 days. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the 24-h iodine uptake rate was the only significant factor associated with radioiodine clearance. For the radiation safety of 131 I-treated DTC patients, the present results can provide radiometric data for radiation protection.

  6. The physicochemical distribution of 131I in a municipal wastewater treatment plant.

    PubMed

    Hormann, Volker; Fischer, Helmut W

    2017-11-01

    As a consequence of therapeutic and diagnostic treatment of patients with thyroid diseases, 131 I is introduced into the sewage system on a regular basis. This presents an opportunity to use the 131 I as a tracer to study its partitioning and transport within a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP). In the case of nuclear accidents where 131 I is one of the most prominent nuclides, an understanding of iodine partitioning and transport will be valuable for developing models that may prognosticate the activity concentrations in sludge and outflow, especially after an accidental input. In this study, samples from various locations inside a municipal WWTP were taken and for each sample, three different fractions were separated by a chemical extraction process. These fractions were analysed for their 131 I activity concentrations by gamma-ray spectroscopy. While about 30% of the radioiodine activity in the inflow is associated with organic molecules, this amounts to about 90% after biological treatment. This is caused by the accumulation of 131 I bound to organic matter in the return sludge and by a transfer of 131 I from the inorganic to the organic fractions, most likely mediated by microbial action. In the outflow, inorganic and low-molecular 131 I is dominant, but the overall activity concentration is reduced to about 50-75%. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  7. THE USE OF FORMALDEHYDE-TREATED 131I-ALBUMIN IN THE STUDY OF DIGESTIVE VACUOLES AND SOME PROPERTIES OF THESE PARTICLES FROM MOUSE LIVER

    PubMed Central

    Mego, John L.; Bertini, Francisco; McQueen, J. Donald

    1967-01-01

    The trichloroacetic acid-soluble radioactivity released during incubation of mouse liver particles containing intravenously injected formaldehyde-treated 131I-albumin consisted almost entirely of 131I-iodotyrosine. The material was shown to be excreted into the medium and was not due to disruption of the particles by acid. Triton X-100 or the absence of sucrose in the medium inhibited hydrolysis of the particle-associated labeled protein. This inhibition was due to disruption of the digestive vacuoles and dilution of the protein and cathepsins in the suspending medium. These results and other experimental evidence strongly suggest that the 131I-albumin-containing liver particles are digestive vacuoles. The results also establish that 131I-albumin may be used to study these vacuoles. High concentrations of sucrose (1 M) inhibited degradation of intraparticulate protein. However, 1 M salts inhibited only the rate of the digestion. Sucrose had an inhibitory effect on a crude cathepsin preparation, and salts stimulated the activity when 131I-albumin was used as substrate. The effect of high sucrose concentrations as an inhibitor of protein hydrolysis within digestive vacuoles was, therefore, most likely due principally to an inhibition of cathepsin activity within the vacuoles. The effect of salt was probably caused by a stimulation of both intra- and extra-particulate cathepsin activities, although 0.5–1.0 M KCl appeared to protect the particles. PMID:6034485

  8. Predictive value of tracer studies for /sup 131/I treatment in hyperthyroid cats

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Broome, M.R.; Turrel, J.M.; Hays, M.T.

    In 76 cats with hyperthyroidism, peak thyroidal radioiodine (/sup 131/I) uptakes and effective half-lives were determined after administration of tracer and therapeutic activities of /sup 131/I. In 6 additional hyperthyroid cats, only peak thyroidal uptakes after administration of tracer and therapeutic activities of /sup 131/I were determined. Good correlation was found between peak thyroidal uptakes of tracer and therapeutic /sup 131/I; however, only fair correlation was observed between effective half-lives. In 79% of the cats, the effective half-life for therapeutic /sup 131/I was longer than that for tracer /sup 131/I. After administration of therapeutic activity of /sup 131/I, monoexponential andmore » biphasic decay curves were observed in 51 and 16 cats, respectively. Using therapeutic kinetic data, radiation doses to the thyroid gland were calculated retrospectively on the basis of 2 methods for determining the activity of /sup 131/I administered: (1) actual administration of tracer-compensated activity and (2) hypothetic administration of uniform activity (3 mCi). Because of the good predictive ability of tracer kinetic data for the therapeutic kinetic data, the tracer-compensated radiation doses came significantly (P = 0.008) closer to the therapeutic goal than did the uniform-activity doses. In addition, the use of tracer kinetic information reduced the extent of the tendency for consistently high uniform-activity doses. A manual method for acquiring tracer kinetic data was developed and was an acceptable alternative to computerized techniques. Adoption of this method gives individuals and institutions with limited finances the opportunity to characterize the iodine kinetics in cats before proceeding with administration of therapeutic activities of /sup 131/I.« less

  9. Credibility of Uncertainty Analyses for 131-I Pathway Assessments

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Hoffman, F O.; Anspaugh, L. R.; Apostoaei, A. I.

    2004-05-01

    We would like to make your readers aware of numerous concerns we have with respect to the paper by A. A. Simpkins and D. M. Hamby on Uncertainty in transport factors used to calculate historic dose from 131I releases at the Savannah River Site. The paper by Simpkins and Hamby concludes by saying their uncertainty analysis would add credibility to current dose reconstruction efforts of public exposures to historic releases of 131I from the operations at the Savannah River Site, yet we have found their paper to be afflicted with numerous errors in assumptions and methodology, which in turn leadmore » to grossly misleading conclusions. Perhaps the most egregious errors are their conclusions, which state that: a. the vegetable pathway, not the ingestion of fresh milk, was the main contributor to thyroid dose for exposure to 131I (even though dietary intake of vegetables was less in the past than at present), and b. the probability distribution assigned to the fraction of iodine released in the elemental form (Uniform 0, 0.6) is responsible for 64.6% of the total uncertainty in thyroid dose, given a unit release of 131I to the atmosphere. The assumptions used in the paper by Simpkins and Hamby lead to a large overestimate of the contamination of vegetables by airborne 131I. The interception by leafy and non-leafy vegetables of freshly deposited 131I is known to be highly dependent on the growth form of the crop and the standing crop biomass of leafy material. Unrealistic assumptions are made for losses of 131I from food processing, preparation, and storage prior to human consumption. These assumptions tend to bias their conclusions toward an overestimate of the amount of 131I retained by vegetation prior to consumption. For example, the generic assumption of a 6-d hold-up time is used for the loss from radioactive decay for the time period from harvest to human consumption of fruits, vegetables, and grains. We anticipate hold-up times of many weeks, if not months

  10. Improved synthesis of no-carrier-added p-[124I]iodo-L-phenylalanine and p-[131I]iodo-L-phenylalanine for nuclear medicine applications in malignant gliomas.

    PubMed

    Israel, Ina; Brandau, Wolfgang; Farmakis, Georgios; Samnick, Samuel

    2008-04-01

    This work describes the synthesis and the tumor affinity testing of no-carrier-added (n.c.a.) p-[(124)I]iodo-L-phenyalanine ([(124)I]IPA) and n.c.a. p-[(131)I]iodo-l-phenyalanine ([(131)I]IPA) as radiopharmaceuticals for imaging brain tumors with PET and for radionuclid-based therapy, respectively. Parameters for labeling were optimized with regard to the amount of precursor, temperature and time. Thereafter, n.c.a. [(124)I]IPA and n.c.a. [(131)I]IPA were investigated in rat F98 glioma and in primary human A1207 and HOM-T3868 glioblastoma cells in vitro, followed by an in vivo evaluation in CD1 nu/nu mice engrafted with human glioblastoma. No-carrier-added [(124)I]IPA and n.c.a. [(131)I]IPA were obtained in 90+/-6% radiochemical yield and >99% radiochemical purity by iododestannylation of N-Boc-4-(tri-n-butylstannyl)-L-phenylalanine methylester in the presence of chloramine-T, followed by hydrolysis of the protecting groups. The total synthesis time, including the HPLC separation and pharmacological formulation, was less than 60 min and compatible with a clinical routine production. Both amino acid tracers accumulated intensively in rat and in human glioma cells. The radioactivity incorporation in tumor cells following a 15-min incubation at 37 degrees C/pH 7.4 varied from 25% to 42% of the total loaded activity per 10(6) tumor cells (296-540 cpm/1000 cells). Inhibition experiments confirmed that n.c.a. [(124)I]IPA and n.c.a. [(131)I]IPA were taken up into tumor by the sodium-independent L- and ASC-type transporters. Biodistribution and whole-body imaging by a gamma-camera and a PET scanner demonstrated a high targeting level and a prolonged retention of n.c.a. [(124)I]IPA and n.c.a. [(131)I]IPA within the xenotransplanted human glioblastoma and a primarily renal excretion. However, an accurate delineation of the tumors in mice was not possible by our imaging systems. Radioactivity accumulation in the thyroid and in the stomach as a secondary indication of

  11. A phase II study of radioimmunotherapy with intraventricular 131 I-3F8 for medulloblastoma.

    PubMed

    Kramer, Kim; Pandit-Taskar, Neeta; Humm, John L; Zanzonico, Pat B; Haque, Sofia; Dunkel, Ira J; Wolden, Suzanne L; Donzelli, Maria; Goldman, Debra A; Lewis, Jason S; Lyashchenko, Serge K; Khakoo, Yasmin; Carrasquillo, Jorge A; Souweidane, Mark M; Greenfield, Jeffrey P; Lyden, David; De Braganca, Kevin D; Gilheeney, Stephen W; Larson, Steven M; Cheung, Nai-Kong V

    2018-01-01

    High-risk and recurrent medulloblastoma (MB) is associated with significant mortality. The murine monoclonal antibody 3F8 targets the cell-surface disialoganglioside GD2 on MB. We tested the efficacy, toxicity, and dosimetry of compartmental radioimmunotherapy (cRIT) with intraventricular 131 I-labeled 3F8 in patients with MB on a phase II clinical trial. Patients with histopathologically confirmed high-risk or recurrent MB were eligible for cRIT. After determining adequate cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flow, patients received 2 mCi (where Ci is Curie) 124 I-3F8 or 131 I-3F8 with nuclear imaging for dosimetry, followed by up to four therapeutic (10 mCi/dose) 131 I-3F8 injections. Dosimetry estimates were based on serial CSF and blood samplings over 48 hr plus region-of-interest analyses on serial imaging scans. Disease evaluation included pre- and posttherapy brain/spine magnetic resonance imaging approximately every 3 months for the first year after treatment, and every 6-12 months thereafter. Forty-three patients received a total of 167 injections; 42 patients were evaluable for outcome. No treatment-related deaths occurred. Toxicities related to drug administration included acute bradycardia with somnolence, headache, fatigue, and CSF pleocytosis consistent with chemical meningitis and dystonic reaction. Total CSF absorbed dose was 1,453 cGy (where Gy is Gray; 350.0-2,784). Median overall survival from first dose of cRIT was 24.9 months (95% confidence interval [CI]:16.3-55.8). Patients treated in radiographic and cytologic remission were at a lower risk of death compared to patients with radiographically measurable disease (hazard ratio: 0.40, 95% CI: 0.18-0.88, P = 0.024). cRIT with 131 I-3F8 is safe, has favorable dosimetry to CSF, and when added to salvage therapy using conventional modalities, may have clinical utility in maintaining remission in high-risk or recurrent MB. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

  12. Dose Calculations for [131I] Meta-Iodobenzylguanidine-Induced Bystander Effects

    PubMed Central

    Gow, M. D.; Seymour, C. B.; Boyd, M.; Mairs, R. J.; Prestiwch, W. V.; Mothersill, C. E.

    2014-01-01

    Targeted radiotherapy is a potentially useful treatment for some cancers and may be potentiated by bystander effects. However, without estimation of absorbed dose, it is difficult to compare the effects with conventional external radiation treatment. Methods: Using the Vynckier – Wambersie dose point kernel, a model for dose rate evaluation was created allowing for calculation of absorbed dose values to two cell lines transfected with the noradrenaline transporter (NAT) gene and treated with [131I]MIBG. Results: The mean doses required to decrease surviving fractions of UVW/NAT and EJ138/NAT cells, which received medium from [131I]MIBG-treated cells, to 25 – 30% were 1.6 and 1.7 Gy respectively. The maximum mean dose rates achieved during [131I]MIBG treatment were 0.09 – 0.75 Gy/h for UVW/NAT and 0.07 – 0.78 Gy/h for EJ138/NAT. These were significantly lower than the external beam gamma radiation dose rate of 15 Gy/h. In the case of control lines which were incapable of [131I]MIBG uptake the mean absorbed doses following radiopharmaceutical were 0.03 – 0.23 Gy for UVW and 0.03 – 0.32 Gy for EJ138. Conclusion: [131I]MIBG treatment for ICCM production elicited a bystander dose-response profile similar to that generated by external beam gamma irradiation but with significantly greater cell death. PMID:24659931

  13. INCIDENCE OF HYPOTHYROIDISM AND RECURRENCES FOLLOWING I$sup 131$ TREATMENT OF HYPERTHYROIDISM

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Beling, U.; Einhorn, J.

    1961-10-01

    The incidences of hypothyroidism and its recurrence were studied in 791 patients at varying intervals after I/sup 131/ treatment of hyperthyroidism. Radiotherapy with I/sup 131/ tends to lead to hypothyroidism, both early and, especially, late. After a long remission, however, there is small likelihood of recurrence of hyperthyroidism. The influence of sex, age, type of goiter, and number of I/sup 131/ therapy doses administered on the incidence of hypothyroidism was studied. (auth)

  14. 50 CFR 86.131 - Must I do a plan?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 50 Wildlife and Fisheries 6 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Must I do a plan? 86.131 Section 86.131 Wildlife and Fisheries UNITED STATES FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR (CONTINUED) FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE-WILDLIFE SPORT FISH RESTORATION PROGRAM BOATING INFRASTRUCTURE GRANT (BIG) PROGRAM How...

  15. Preparation and preclinical evaluation of 131 I-trastuzumab for breast cancer.

    PubMed

    Kameswaran, Mythili; Gota, Vikram; Ambade, Rajwardhan; Gupta, Sudeep; Dash, Ashutosh

    2017-01-01

    Trastuzumab that targets the human epidermal growth factor receptor type 2 (HER2) is known to benefit patients with HER2+ metastatic breast cancer. The objective was to explore the potential of 131 I-trastuzumab for treatment of breast cancers. Radioiodination of trastuzumab was carried out by chloramine-T method, purified by using PD-10 column, and characterized by size exclusion high-performance liquid chromatography on a gel column. In vitro studies were carried out in HER2+ cells to determine the specificity of the radioimmunoconjugate. Uptake and retention of 131 I-trastuzumab were determined by biodistribution studies in tumor-bearing non-obese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficiency and normal severe combined immunodeficiency mice. The radiochemical purity (RCP) of 131 I-trastuzumab was 98 ± 0.4% with retention time of 17 minutes by high-performance liquid chromatography. In vitro stability studies exhibited RCP of more than 90% in serum at 37°C after 120 hours of radioiodination. In vitro cell binding with 131 I-trastuzumab in HER2+ cells showed binding of 28% to 35% which was inhibited significantly, with unlabeled trastuzumab confirming its specificity. K d value of 131 I-trastuzumab was 0.5 nM, while its immunoreactivity was more than 80%. Uptake of more than 12% and retention were observed in the tumors up to 120 hours p.i. 131 I-trastuzumab prepared in-house-exhibited RCP of more than 98%, excellent immunoreactivity, affinity to HER2+ cell lines and good tumor uptake thereby indicating its potential for further evaluation in HER2+ breast cancers. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

  16. In-house preparation of iodine -131 metaiodo benzyl guanidine for scintigraphy of neuroendocrine tumors. Fourteen years experience in South India.

    PubMed

    Oommen, Regi; Shanthly, Nylla; Subramani, Narasimhan; Devadhas, Devakumar; Hephzibah, Julie; Theodore, Bernice; Srinivasan, Jayashankar

    2007-01-01

    Iodine-131 metaiodobenzyl guanidine ((131)I-MIBG) is routinely used for imaging and treatment of neuroendocrine tumors (NET). As the commercially available radiopharmaceutical was very expensive, we developed an in-house method of labeling MIBG with (131)I in 1993. A total of 247 batches of (131)I-MIBG were prepared and used in our hospital between April 1993 and September 2006. We report our experience over these 14 years of preparation of this tracer in our hospital radiopharmacy, for the scintigraphy of NET. The technique of preparation is simple and the labeled product was found to be of acceptable quality. With the routine availability and cost effectiveness, the utilization of this radiopharmaceutical for scintigraphy increased remarkably in our institution.

  17. Phase I studies of treatment of malignant gliomas and neoplastic meningitis with 131I-radiolabeled monoclonal antibodies anti-tenascin 81C6 and anti-chondroitin proteoglycan sulfate Me1-14 F (ab')2--a preliminary report.

    PubMed

    Bigner, D D; Brown, M; Coleman, R E; Friedman, A H; Friedman, H S; McLendon, R E; Bigner, S H; Zhao, X G; Wikstrand, C J; Pegram, C N

    1995-01-01

    The advent of monoclonal antibody (MAb) technology has made Ehrlich's postulate of the 'magic bullet' an attainable goal. Although specific localization of polyvalent antibodies to human gliomas was demonstrated in the 1960s, the lack of specific, high affinity antibody populations and of defined target antigens of sufficient density precluded therapeutic applications. Not until the identification of operationally specific tumor-associated antigens (present in tumor tissue but not normal central nervous system tissue); production of homogeneous, high affinity MAbs to such antigens; and the use of compartmental administration (intrathecal or intracystic), has the promise of passive immunotherapy of primary and metastatic central nervous system neoplasms been recognized. We report here preliminary data from Phase I studies of the compartmental administration of the anti-tenascin MAb 81C6 and F(ab2)2 fragments of MAb Me1-14, which recognizes the proteoglycan chondroitin sulfate-associated protein of gliomas and melanomas, to patients with primary central nervous system tumors or tumors metastatic to the central nervous system. Phase I dose escalation studies of intracystically administered 131I-labeled anti-tenascin MAb 81C6 to either spontaneous cysts of recurrent gliomas or surgically created cystic resection cavities have resulted in striking responses. Of five patients with recurrent cystic gliomas treated, four had partial responses, clinically or radiographically. Similarly, in patients with surgically created resection cavities, a partial response at the treatment site and extended stable disease status has been obtained following intracystic administration of 131I-labeled 81C6. No evidence of hematologic or neurologic toxicity has been observed in either patient population, with the exception of transient exacerbation of a pre-existing seizure disorder in a single patient. Dosimetry calculations indicated high intracystic retention for four to six weeks with

  18. Excretion and toxicity evaluation of 131I-Sennoside A as a necrosis-avid agent.

    PubMed

    Yin, Zhiqi; Sun, Lidan; Jin, Qiaomei; Song, Shaoli; Feng, Yuanbo; Liao, Hong; Ni, Yicheng; Zhang, Jian; Liu, Wei

    2017-11-01

    1. Sennoside A (SA) is a newly identified necrosis-avid agent that shows capability for imaging diagnosis and tumor necrosis targeted radiotherapy. As a water-soluble compound, 131 I-Sennoside A ( 131 I-SA) might be excreted predominately through the kidneys with the possibility of nephrotoxicity. 2. To further verify excretion pathway and examine nephrotoxicity of 131 I-SA, excretion and nephrotoxicity were appraised. The pharmacokinetics, hepatotoxicity and hematotoxicity of 131 I-SA were also evaluated to accelerate its possible clinical translation. All these studies were conducted in mice with ethanol-induced muscular necrosis following a single intravenous administration of 131I-SA at 18.5 MBq/kg or 370 MBq/kg. 3. Excretion data revealed that 131 I-SA was predominately (73.5% of the injected dose (% ID)) excreted via the kidneys with 69.5% ID detected in urine within 72 h post injection. Biodistribution study indicated that 131 I-SA exhibited initial high distribution in the kidneys but subsequently a fast renal clearance, which was further confirmed by the results of autoradiography and single-photon emission computed tomography-computed tomography (SPECT-CT) imaging. The maximum necrotic to normal muscle ratio reached to 7.9-fold at 48 h post injection, which further verified the necrosis avidity of 131 I-SA. Pharmacokinetic parameters showed that 131 I-SA had fast blood clearance with an elimination half-life of 6.7 h. Various functional indexes were no significant difference (p > 0.05) between before administration and 1 d, 8 d, 16 d after administration. Histopathology showed no signs of tissue damage. 4. These data suggest 131 I-SA is a safe and promising necrosis-avid agent applicable in imaging diagnosis and tumor necrosis targeted radiotherapy.

  19. Depositional fluxes and residence time of atmospheric radioiodine (131I) from the Fukushima accident.

    PubMed

    Yang, Weifeng; Guo, Laodong

    2012-11-01

    Activities of radioiodine ((131)I) along with (210)Pb and (210)Po in time series precipitation samples were measured to determine the depositional fluxes of (131)I in the Southern United States and its removal rate and residence time in the atmosphere during the Fukushima nuclear accident. Radioiodine released from the Fukushima accident reached the Southern United States within 11 days, giving rise to a concurrent (131)I peak and anomalous (210)Po/(210)Pb ratios in the precipitation samples. The cumulative (131)I depositional flux was 4.6 ± 0.2 Bq m(-2) during the maximum fallout. The removal rate of (131)I out of the atmosphere, derived from a definite (131)I integral model, ranged from 0.03 to 0.14 d(-1) with an average of 0.08 ± 0.02 d(-1), which corresponds to a residence time of (131)I in the atmosphere of 12 ± 3 days, consistent with the resident timescale constrained by the (210)Po/(210)Pb disequilibrium technique. These results support our hypothesis that radioiodine was removed from the atmosphere by precipitation within two weeks. It seemed that regions reachable by (131)I transport within two weeks from Fukushima Japan would receive much more fallout, whereas places outside that distance would be relatively less polluted with radionuclides. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  20. [131I therapy in hyperthyroidism. Results of treatment from 1960-1974].

    PubMed

    Heinze, H G; Schenk, F

    1977-02-01

    488 PATIENTS WITH Graves' disease were treated by 131Iodine between 1960 and 1974. 427 (87,5%) of these patients were reexamined several times (clinically, 131I-uptake, PB127I, T4 (CPB-A), T3-uptake, and since 1973 TRH-test). The 131I was given as an individually calculated single dose treatment, using 7 000 -- 10 000 rd before 1965 and 6 000 rd thereafter. Two thirds of the patients became euthyroid after a single 131I-dose. In 20% the treatment had to be repeated. These patients show evidently a different biological behaviour of their disease, since multiple treatments revealed a higher rate of failure (33--35%). There is no principal difference between the out-come after 131I-therapy and surgery concerning the rate of failure, respectively relapse (3--4%) and hypothyroidism. Early incidence of hypothyrodism is dose--dependent, as could be shown in patients treated with higher doses before 1965. The reduction of the irradiation dose to 6 000 rd was followed by a drop of hypothyroidism from 18% to 7%. The reasons of late incidence of hypothyroidism are discussed. The incidence of hypothroidism was calculated by three different methods (over-all incidence, incidence within the observed interval after therapy, life-table method). All three methods revealed different results. This has to be taken into account comparing results after radioiodine as well as after surgery. Radioiodine therapy for hyperthyroidism offers a true alternative to surgery.

  1. Atomic Mass and Nuclear Binding Energy for I-131 (Iodine)

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Sukhoruchkin, S. I.; Soroko, Z. N.

    This document is part of the Supplement containing the complete sets of data of Subvolume A `Nuclei with Z = 1 - 54' of Volume 22 `Nuclear Binding Energies and Atomic Masses' of Landolt-Börnstein - Group I `Elementary Particles, Nuclei and Atoms'. It provides atomic mass, mass excess, nuclear binding energy, nucleon separation energies, Q-values, and nucleon residual interaction parameters for atomic nuclei of the isotope I-131 (Iodine, atomic number Z = 53, mass number A = 131).

  2. Radiation protection issues of treating hyperthyroidism with 131 I in patients on haemodialysis.

    PubMed

    Homer, L; Smith, A H

    2002-03-01

    We report on the cases of two patients referred for 131I treatment of hyperthyroidism who were dependent on haemodialysis. Following 131I administration, all disposable lines and filters from dialysis were collected and measured for 131I radioactivity. The amount of 131I retained by the filters at the end of each successive dialysis session was found to decay with effective half-lives of 6.6+/-0.2 and 6.3+/-0.2 days. Dose rate measurements at 1m from the patients were recorded to find the effective half-life of the radioiodine clearance, which were found to be 6.9 and 7.1 days. From measured dose rates taken at 30 cm, the radiation hazard to ward staff involved in patient management was shown to be negligible.

  3. Radiopharmaceutical therapy of patients with metastasized melanoma with the melanin-binding benzamide 131I-BA52.

    PubMed

    Mier, Walter; Kratochwil, Clemens; Hassel, Jessica C; Giesel, Frederik L; Beijer, Barbro; Babich, John W; Friebe, Matthias; Eisenhut, Michael; Enk, Alexander; Haberkorn, Uwe

    2014-01-01

    The performance of cytotoxic drugs is defined by their selectivity of uptake and action in tumor tissue. Recent clinical responses achieved by treating metastatic malignant melanoma with therapeutic modalities based on gene expression profiling showed that malignant melanoma is amenable to systemic treatment. However, these responses are not persistent, and complementary targeted treatment strategies are required for malignant melanoma. Here we provide our experience with different labeling procedures for the radioiodination of benzamides and report on initial dosimetry data and the first therapeutic application of (131)I-BA52, a novel melanin-binding benzamide in patients with metastatic malignant melanoma. Twenty-six adults with histologically documented metastasized malignant melanoma received a single dose of 235 ± 62 MBq of (123)I-BA52 for planar and SPECT/CT imaging. Nine patients were selected for radionuclide therapy and received a median of 4 GBq (minimum, 0.51 GBq; maximum, 6.60 GBq) of the β-emitting radiopharmaceutical (131)I-BA52. A trimethyltin precursor-based synthesis demonstrated high radiochemical yields in the large-scale production of radioiodinated benzamides required for clinical application. (123)I-BA52 showed specific uptake and long-term retention in tumor tissue with low transient uptake in the excretory organs. In tumor tissue, a maximum dose of 12.2 Gy per GBq of (131)I-BA52 was calculated. The highest estimated dose to a normal organ was found for the lung (mean, 3.1 Gy/GBq). No relevant acute or mid-term toxicity was observed with the doses administered until now. Even though dosimetric calculations reveal that the doses applied in this early phase of clinical application can be significantly increased, we observed antitumor effects with follow-up imaging, and single patients of the benzamide-positive cohort of patients (3/5 of the patients receiving a dose > 4.3 GBq) demonstrated a surprisingly long survival of more than 2 y. These

  4. (Mis)use of (133)Ba as a calibration surrogate for (131)I in clinical activity calibrators.

    PubMed

    Zimmerman, B E; Bergeron, D E

    2016-03-01

    Using NIST-calibrated solutions of (131)Ba and (131)I in the 5mL NIST ampoule geometry, measurements were made in three NIST-maintained Capintec activity calibrators and the NIST Vinten 671 ionization chamber to evaluate the suitability of using (133)Ba as a calibration surrogate for (131)I. For the Capintec calibrators, the (133)Ba response was a factor of about 300% higher than that of the same amount of (131)I. For the Vinten 671, the Ba-133 response was about 7% higher than that of (131)I. These results demonstrate that (133)Ba is a poor surrogate for (131)I. New calibration factors for these radionuclides in the ampoule geometry for the Vinten 671 and Capintec activity calibrators were also determined. Published by Elsevier Ltd.

  5. High Level of Agreement Between Pretherapeutic 124I PET and Intratherapeutic 131I Imaging in Detecting Iodine-Positive Thyroid Cancer Metastases.

    PubMed

    Ruhlmann, Marcus; Jentzen, Walter; Ruhlmann, Verena; Pettinato, Cinzia; Rossi, Gloria; Binse, Ina; Bockisch, Andreas; Rosenbaum-Krumme, Sandra

    2016-09-01

    The aim of this retrospective study was to assess the level of agreement between PET and scintigraphy using diagnostic amounts of (124)I and therapeutic amounts of (131)I, respectively, in detecting iodine-positive metastases in patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma. The study included patients who underwent PET /: CT 24 and 120 h after administration of approximately 25 MBq of (124)I and subsequently underwent imaging 5-10 d after administration of 1-10 GBq of (131)I. For each patient, the intratherapeutic (131)I imaging comprised a whole-body scintigraphy scan and a SPECT/CT scan of the neck to distinguish between metastatic and thyroid remnant tissues. Iodine uptake was rated as a metastatic focus if located outside the thyroid bed. Lesion- and patient-based analyses were performed. The study included 137 patients with 227 metastases iodine-positive on both functional imaging modalities. In the lesion-based analysis, (124)I PET and (131)I imaging detected 98% (223/227) and 99% (225/227) of the iodine-positive metastases, respectively; the level of agreement between (124)I PET and (131)I imaging was 97% (221/227). Four metastases (3 lymph node and 1 bone) in 4 patients were (124)I-negative but (131)I-positive, and 2 lymph node metastases in 2 patients were (131)I-negative but (124)I-positive. In the patient-based analysis, 61 of the 137 patients presented with iodine-positive metastases. (124)I PET and (131)I imaging detected at least one iodine-positive metastasis in 97% (59/61) and 98% (60/61) of the patients, respectively. The level of agreement was 95% (58/61). Both imaging modalities concordantly identified 76 of 137 patients without pathologic iodine uptake. Because of the high level of agreement, pretherapeutic (124)I PET/CT is an adequate methodology in the detection of iodine-positive metastases and can be used as a reliable tool for staging of thyroid cancer patients and individualized treatment planning. © 2016 by the Society of Nuclear

  6. Liver function in cats with hyperthyroidism before and after 131I therapy.

    PubMed

    Berent, Allyson C; Drobatz, Kenneth J; Ziemer, Lisa; Johnson, Victoria S; Ward, Cynthia R

    2007-01-01

    The clinical significance of high serum concentration or activity of markers of liver damage in cats with hyperthyroidism is unknown. To evaluate serum markers of liver function and damage, and ultrasonographic changes in cats with hyperthyroidism and with high liver enzymes, and to determine if abnormalities resolve after treatment with 131I. Nineteen cats with hyperthyroidism (15 with high serum activities of liver enzymes) and 4 age-matched healthy control cats. Serum bile acids, albumin, ammonia, cholesterol, and blood urea nitrogen concentrations, and activities of liver-derived enzymes, and blood glucose concentrations were measured before and after 131I therapy. These values were compared with those of cats that were euthyroid. In addition, gross liver parenchymal changes detected by abdominal ultrasonographic examination, before and after 131I therapy were evaluated. High serum liver enzyme activities were not associated with abnormalities in hepatic parenchyma and liver functional variables, regardless of the degree of increase. Serum liver enzyme activities return to normal after control of hyperthyroidism with 131I therapy. Cats with hyperthyroidism have a significantly higher serum fasting ammonia concentration than cats who were euthyroid (P = .019). Cats with hyperthyroidism also have significantly lower serum cholesterol (P = .005) and glucose (P = .002) concentrations before compared with after 131I therapy. Nine of 19 cats with hyperthyroidism had trace ketonuria. These results demonstrate that extensive examination for hepatobiliary disease in most cats with hyperthyroidism is unnecessary.

  7. (131)I-Nimotuzumab - A potential radioimmunotherapeutic agent in treatment of tumors expressing EGFR.

    PubMed

    Kameswaran, Mythili; Samuel, Grace; Dev Sarma, Haladhar; Shinde, Swamirao N; Dash, Ashutosh; Venkatesh, Meera

    2015-08-01

    The anti-EGFR antibody Nimotuzumab was radioiodinated with I-131 by Chloramine T and Iodogen methods. The (131)I-Nimotuzumab was purified and characterized by HPLC. Purified (131)I-Nimotuzumab exhibited radiochemical purity of >95% and retained good in vitro stability upto 24h at room temperature by both the methods. Cell binding studies carried out in A431 cells expressing EGF receptors showed good immunoreactivity of the product upto 5 days post radioiodination. Biodistribution studies in normal Swiss mice showed fast clearance by both renal and gastrointestinal routes with minimal thyroid uptake. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  8. [Efficacy of treatment with I(131) in paediatric Graves disease].

    PubMed

    Enes Romero, P; Martín-Frías, M; de Jesús, M; Caballero Loscos, C; Alonso Blanco, M; Barrio Castellanos, R

    2014-01-01

    Radioiodine is an important therapeutic option in young patients with Grave's disease (GD). In the United States it is a widespread therapy, but in Europe its use in paediatrics is still controversial. To report our experience in radioiodine therapy of paediatric GD patients and analyse its effectiveness and safety. We retrospectively studied our paediatric population (<18 years of age) with GD, diagnosed from 1982 to 2012. A curative option was offered to patients who did not respond to anti-thyroid drug (AT) at puberty. We analysed, the patient characteristics, TSH, T4, T3 and thyroid antibodies levels, AT response, remission post I(131), side effects, and hypothyroidism rates. A total of 50 patients were diagnosed with GD from 1982 to 2012. All patients received AT as initial treatment (mean duration: 35.3±25.9 months). Permanent remission was achieved in 46%. Thyroidectomy was performed in 5 patients, and 14 patients received I(131) (mean dose: 10.9±1.09 mCi). Remission with I(131) was obtained in 100%. The rate of permanent hypothyroidism was 90%. There was no progression of ophthalmopathy or side effects in any patients treated with I(131.) Radioiodine treatment of paediatric GD patients is safe, leads to complete remission at the expense of hypothyroidism, and does not exacerbate ophthalmopathy. It can be considered in patients older than 5 years, who do no not respond to AT or with significant side effects with this medication. Copyright © 2012 Asociación Española de Pediatría. Published by Elsevier Espana. All rights reserved.

  9. Fluorine-19 Labeling of Stromal Vascular Fraction Cells for Clinical Imaging Applications

    PubMed Central

    Rose, Laura C.; Kadayakkara, Deepak K.; Wang, Guan; Bar-Shir, Amnon; Helfer, Brooke M.; O’Hanlon, Charles F.; Kraitchman, Dara L.; Rodriguez, Ricardo L.

    2015-01-01

    Stromal vascular fraction (SVF) cells are used clinically for various therapeutic targets. The location and persistence of engrafted SVF cells are important parameters for determining treatment failure versus success. We used the GID SVF-1 platform and a clinical protocol to harvest and label SVF cells with the fluorinated (19F) agent CS-1000 as part of a first-in-human phase I trial (clinicaltrials.gov identifier NCT02035085) to track SVF cells with magnetic resonance imaging during treatment of radiation-induced fibrosis in breast cancer patients. Flow cytometry revealed that SVF cells consisted of 25.0% ± 15.8% CD45+, 24.6% ± 12.5% CD34+, and 7.5% ± 3.3% CD31+ cells, with 2.1 ± 0.7 × 105 cells per cubic centimeter of adipose tissue obtained. Fluorescent CS-1000 (CS-ATM DM Green) labeled 87.0% ± 13.5% of CD34+ progenitor cells compared with 47.8% ± 18.5% of hematopoietic CD45+ cells, with an average of 2.8 ± 2.0 × 1012 19F atoms per cell, determined using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The vast majority (92.7% ± 5.0%) of CD31+ cells were also labeled, although most coexpressed CD34. Only 16% ± 22.3% of CD45−/CD31−/CD34− (triple-negative) cells were labeled with CS-ATM DM Green. After induction of cell death by either apoptosis or necrosis, >95% of 19F was released from the cells, indicating that fluorine retention can be used as a surrogate marker for cell survival. Labeled-SVF cells engrafted in a silicone breast phantom could be visualized with a clinical 3-Tesla magnetic resonance imaging scanner at a sensitivity of approximately 2 × 106 cells at a depth of 5 mm. The current protocol can be used to image transplanted SVF cells at clinically relevant cell concentrations in patients. Significance Stromal vascular fraction (SVF) cells harvested from adipose tissue offer great promise in regenerative medicine, but methods to track such cell therapies are needed to ensure correct administration and monitor survival. A clinical protocol

  10. Radioimmunotherapy with Tenarad, a 131I-labelled antibody fragment targeting the extra-domain A1 of tenascin-C, in patients with refractory Hodgkin's lymphoma.

    PubMed

    Aloj, Luigi; D'Ambrosio, Laura; Aurilio, Michela; Morisco, Anna; Frigeri, Ferdinando; Caraco', Corradina; Di Gennaro, Francesca; Capobianco, Gaetana; Giovannoni, Leonardo; Menssen, Hans D; Neri, Dario; Pinto, Antonio; Lastoria, Secondo

    2014-05-01

    The extra-domain A1 of tenascin-C (TC-A1) is highly expressed in the extracellular matrix of tumours and on newly formed blood vessels and is thus a valuable target for radionuclide therapy. Tenarad is a fully human miniantibody or small immunoprotein (SIP, molecular weight 80 kDa) labelled with (131)I that is derived from a TC-A1-binding antibody. Previous phase I/II studies with a similar compound ((131)I-L19SIP) used for radioimmunotherapy (RIT) have shown preliminary efficacy in a variety of cancer types. In this ongoing phase I/II trial, Tenarad was administered to patients with recurrent Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL) refractory to conventional treatments. Eight patients (four men, four women; age range 19 - 41) were enrolled between April 2010 and March 2011. All patients had received a median of three previous lines of chemotherapy (range three to six) and seven had also undergone autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) or bone marrow transplantation. In addition, seven patients received external beam radiation. All patients had nodal disease, constitutional B symptoms and some showed extranodal disease in skeletal bone (four patients), lung (three), liver (two) and spleen (one). Baseline assessments included whole-body FDG PET with contrast-enhanced CT and diagnostic Tenarad planar and SPECT studies. Patients were considered eligible to receive a therapeutic dose of Tenarad (2.05 GBq/m(2)) if tumour uptake was more than four times higher than that of muscle. All patients were eligible and received the therapeutic dose of Tenarad. Only one patient developed grade 4 thrombocytopenia and leucocytopenia, requiring hospitalization and therapeutic intervention. All other patients had haematological toxicity of grade 3 or lower, which resolved spontaneously. At the first response assessment (4 - 6 weeks after therapy), one patient showed a complete response, one showed a partial response (PR) and five had disease stabilization (SD). Five patients were given up to

  11. Transcriptional response to 131I exposure of rat thyroid gland.

    PubMed

    Rudqvist, Nils; Spetz, Johan; Schüler, Emil; Parris, Toshima Z; Langen, Britta; Helou, Khalil; Forssell-Aronsson, Eva

    2017-01-01

    Humans are exposed to 131I in medical diagnostics and treatment but also from nuclear accidents, and better knowledge of the molecular response in thyroid is needed. The aim of the study was to examine the transcriptional response in thyroid tissue 24 h after 131I administration in rats. The exposure levels were chosen to simulate both the clinical situation and the case of nuclear fallout. Thirty-six male rats were i.v. injected with 0-4700 kBq 131I, and killed at 24 h after injection (Dthyroid = 0.0058-3.0 Gy). Total RNA was extracted from individual thyroid tissue samples and mRNA levels were determined using oligonucleotide microarray technique. Differentially expressed transcripts were determined using Nexus Expression 3.0. Hierarchical clustering was performed in the R statistical computing environment. Pathway analysis was performed using the Ingenuity Pathway Analysis tool and the Gene Ontology database. T4 and TSH plasma concentrations were measured using ELISA. Totally, 429 differentially regulated transcripts were identified. Downregulation of thyroid hormone biosynthesis associated genes (e.g. thyroglobulin, thyroid peroxidase, the sodium-iodine symporter) was identified in some groups, and an impact on thyroid function was supported by the pathway analysis. Recurring downregulation of Dbp and Slc47a2 was found. Dbp exhibited a pattern with monotonous reduction of downregulation with absorbed dose at 0.0058-0.22 Gy. T4 plasma levels were increased and decreased in rats whose thyroids were exposed to 0.057 and 0.22 Gy, respectively. Different amounts of injected 131I gave distinct transcriptional responses in the rat thyroid. Transcriptional response related to thyroid function and changes in T4 plasma levels were found already at very low absorbed doses to thyroid.

  12. Radiation protection recommendations for I-131 thyrotoxicosis, thyroid cancer and phaeochromocytoma patients.

    PubMed

    Woodings, S

    2004-09-01

    Iodine-131 patients pose a radiation risk to their family members, carers and colleagues. Doses from thyrotoxicosis and thyroid cancer patients undergoing standard treatments have been well characterised in the literature. However the resulting precautions cannot be easily adapted to circumstances where the patient has an unusual affliction, or an atypical family or occupational environment. In this study, a model for calculating dose from an I-131 patient is derived from first principles. The model is combined with existing results from the literature to determine a distance weighting factor between patients and family members. This technique reduces the uncertainty in the dose calculations by removing the need to guess the unknown patterns of close contact, a problem common to all previous dose calculation techniques. Data is presented for four unusual I-131 treatments; a child thyroid cancer patient, two thyroid cancer dialysis patients and a phaeochromocytoma patient. The model is used to calculate appropriate periods of restricted contact for these patients. The recommendations provide a useful guide for future unusual I-131 treatments.

  13. The Predictive Values of Lesion Size, F-18 FDG Avidity and I-131 Avidity for the Clinical Outcome of I-131 Treatment in Patients with Metastatic Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma Only in the Lung.

    PubMed

    Choi, Joon Ho; Byun, Byung Hyun; Lim, Ilhan; Moon, Hansol; Park, Jihyun; Chang, Kyoung Jin; Kim, Byung Il; Choi, Chang Woon; Lim, Sang Moo

    2018-04-01

    We aimed to evaluate the prognostic values of radiography, F-18 FDG PET, and I-131 whole body scans in patients with lung-only metastasis from differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC). Between 1998 and 2013, we included 31 patients (F: 26, M: 5) with lung-only metastasis from DTC who had been treated with I-131 and underwent PET. Lung metastasis was categorized according to the size (macronodular ≥1.0 cm vs. micronodular <1.0 cm), FDG avidity (avid vs. non-avid), and I-131 avidity (avid vs. non-avid). Progression-free survival (PFS) was evaluated for each patient. Among 31 patients, seven (23%) had macronodular lung metastasis, 26 (84%) had FDG avid lung metastasis, and 16 (52%) had I-131 avid lung metastasis. During the median follow-up period of 9.4 y, median PFS was 6.1 y. Based on Kaplan-Meier analysis, macronodular lung metastasis ( p  = 0.017) and I-131 non-avid lung metastasis ( p  = 0.059) were significantly associated with worse outcomes, but FDG avid lung metastasis was not ( p  = 0.135). Patients with FDG non-avid lung metastasis did not experience disease progression during follow-up, while 11 of 26 patients (42%) experienced disease progression. Based on univariate analysis, the hazard ratio for a poor prognosis was 3.78 ( p  = 0.029) for macronodular lung metastasis and 3.29 ( p  = 0.079) for I-131 non-avid lung metastasis. Macronodular and I-131 non-avid lung metastasis were associated with a poor prognosis in lung-only metastasis from DTC. Although FDG avid lung metastasis may be associated with a poor prognosis, a larger-scale study is needed.

  14. [Draft guideline regarding appropriate use of 131I-MIBG radiotherapy for neuroendocrine tumors Drafting Committee for Guideline of Radiotherapy with 131I-MIBG, Committee for Nuclear Oncology and Immunology, The Japanese Society of Nuclear Medicine].

    PubMed

    Kinuya, Seigo; Yoshinaga, Keiichiro; Higuchi, Tetsuya; Jinguji, Megumi; Kawamoto, Hiroshi; Kurihara, Hiroaki

    2015-02-01

    131I-MIBG radiotherapy has been used for unresectable nueroendocrine tumors including malignant pheochromocytomas and neuroblastomas in foreign countries since the '80s when clinical therapeutic trials were initiated. In Japan, 131I-MIBG radiotherapy has not been approved by Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare, however, personally imported 131I-MIBG is now available in limited institutions for therapeutic purpose. This updated guideline draft aims to provide useful information concerning 131I-MIBG radiotherapy, to prevent side effects, and to protect physicians, nurses, other health care professionals, patients and their families from radiation exposure. The committee also provides appendices including practical guidance for attending physicians, patient management and referring physicians for their conveniences.

  15. Tc-99m imaging in thyroidectomized differentiated thyroid cancer patients immediately before I-131 treatment.

    PubMed

    Tsai, Chi-Jung; Cheng, Cheng-Yi; Shen, Daniel Hueng-Yuan; Kuo, Shou Jen; Wang, Lien-Yen; Lee, Chiang-Hsuan; Wang, Jhi-Joung; Chang, Ming-Che; Huang, Wen-Sheng

    2016-02-01

    The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical role of technetium-99m pertechnetate (Tc-99m) imaging in thyroidectomized differentiated thyroid cancer patients immediately before radioiodine-131 (I-131) treatment (Tx). Eighty-six consecutive post-total-thyroidectomy patients (15 men, 71 women; mean age: 46.8 years) with pathologically diagnosed differentiated thyroid cancer were retrospectively studied. Tc-99m imaging immediately before I-131 Tx using both patient-based and lesion-based measurements were analyzed and were further compared with those of post-Tx I-131 whole-body scans. For patients with unequivocally positive Tc-99m uptake, the sensitivity was 77% (patient-based) and 59% (site-based). The positive predictive value (PPV) was 100% for both patient-based and site-based measurements. If equivocal Tc-99m uptake was counted as positive, the sensitivity was 83 and 67%, and the PPV was 100 and 99% for patient-based and site-based measurements, respectively. (a) To increase sensitivity yet maintaining high PPV, equivocal Tc-99m uptake should be considered a positive finding. (b) The nearly 100% PPV of Tc-99m imaging immediately before I-131 Tx for remnant detection suggests that Tc-99m imaging not only serves as an alternative to low-dose I-131 scanning in the low-risk post-thyroidectomy patients but also provides a clue for the subsequent I-131 therapeutic dosage and even for the outcome prediction.

  16. Incidence and risk factors for secondary malignancy in patients with neuroblastoma after treatment with (131)I-metaiodobenzylguanidine.

    PubMed

    Huibregtse, Kelly E; Vo, Kieuhoa T; DuBois, Steven G; Fetzko, Stephanie; Neuhaus, John; Batra, Vandana; Maris, John M; Weiss, Brian; Marachelian, Araz; Yanik, Greg A; Matthay, Katherine K

    2016-10-01

    Several reports of second malignant neoplasm (SMN) in patients with relapsed neuroblastoma after treatment with (131)I-MIBG suggest the possibility of increased risk. Incidence of and risk factors for SMN after (131)I-MIBG have not been defined. This is a multi-institutional retrospective review of patients with neuroblastoma treated with (131)I-MIBG therapy. A competing risk approach was used to calculate the cumulative incidence of SMN from time of first exposure to (131)I-MIBG. A competing risk regression was used to identify potential risk factors for SMN. The analytical cohort included 644 patients treated with (131)I-MIBG. The cumulative incidence of SMN was 7.6% (95% confidence interval [CI], 4.4-13.0%) and 14.3% (95% CI, 8.3-23.9%) at 5 and 10 years from first (131)I-MIBG, respectively. No increase in SMN risk was found with increased number of (131)I-MIBG treatments or higher cumulative activity per kilogram of (131)I-MIBG received (p = 0.72 and p = 0.84, respectively). Thirteen of the 19 reported SMN were haematologic. In a multivariate analysis controlling for variables with p < 0.1 (stage, age at first (131)I-MIBG, bone disease, disease status at time of first (131)I-MIBG), patients with relapsed/progressive disease had significantly lower risk of SMN (subdistribution hazard ratio 0.3, 95% CI, 0.1-0.8, p = 0.023) compared to patients with persistent/refractory neuroblastoma. The cumulative risk of SMN after (131)I-MIBG therapy for patients with relapsed or refractory neuroblastoma is similar to the greatest published incidence for high-risk neuroblastoma after myeloablative therapy, with no dose-dependent increase. As the number of patients treated and length of follow-up time increase, it will be important to reassess this risk. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  17. Effects of hypothyroidism on vascular /sup 125/I-albumin permeation and blood flow in rats

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Tilton, R.G.; Pugliese, G.; Chang, K.

    1989-05-01

    Effects of hypothyroidism on vascular 125I-albumin permeation and on blood flow were assessed in multiple tissues of male Sprague-Dawley rats rendered hypothyroid by dietary supplementation with 0.5% (wt/wt) 2-thiouracil or by thyroidectomy. In both thiouracil-treated and thyroidectomized rats, body weights, kidney weight, arterial blood pressure, and pulse rate were decreased significantly v age-matched controls. After 10 to 12 weeks of thiouracil treatment, 125I-albumin permeation was increased significantly in the kidney, aorta, eye (anterior uvea, choroid, retina), skin, and new granulation tissue, remained unchanged in brain, sciatic nerve, and heart, and was decreased in forelimb skeletal muscle. A similar pattern wasmore » observed in thyroidectomized rats, except that increases in 125I-albumin permeation for all tissues were smaller than those observed in thiouracil-treated rats, and 125I-albumin permeation in retina did not differ from controls. In both thiouracil-treated and thyroidectomized rats, changes in blood flow (assessed with 15-microns, 85Sr-labeled microspheres) relative to the decrease in arterial blood pressure were indicative of a decrease in regional vascular resistance except in the choroid and in the kidney, in which vascular resistance was increased significantly. Glomerular filtration rate was decreased, but filtration fraction and urinary excretion of albumin remained unchanged by thiouracil treatment and thyroidectomy. These results indicate that vascular hemodynamics and endothelial cell barrier functional integrity are modulated in many different tissues by the thyroid. In view of the correspondence of hypothyroid- and diabetes-induced vascular permeability changes, these results raise the possibility that altered thyroid function in diabetes may play a role in the pathogenesis of diabetic vascular disease.« less

  18. Preclinical evaluation of 99mTc(CO)3-aspartic-N-monoacetic acid, 99mTc(CO)3(ASMA), a new renal radiotracer with pharmacokinetic properties comparable to 131I-OIH

    PubMed Central

    Lipowska, Malgorzata; Klenc, Jeffrey; Marzilli, Luigi G.; Taylor, Andrew T.

    2014-01-01

    In an ongoing effort to develop a renal tracer with pharmacokinetic properties comparable to PAH and superior to those of both 99mTc-MAG3 and 131I-OIH, we evaluated a new renal tricarbonyl radiotracer based on the aspartic-N-monoacetic acid ligand, 99mTc(CO)3(ASMA). The ASMA ligand features two carboxyl groups and an amine function for the coordination of the {99mTc(CO)3}+ core as well as a dangling carboxylate to facilitate rapid renal clearance. Methods rac-ASMA and L-ASMA were labeled with a 99mTc-tricarbonyl precursor and radiochemical purity of the labeled products was determined by HPLC. Using 131I-OIH as an internal control, we evaluated biodistribution in normal rats with 99mTc(CO)3(ASMA) isomers and in rats with renal pedicle ligation with 99mTc(CO)3(rac-ASMA). Clearance studies were conducted in 4 additional rats. In vitro radiotracer stability was determined in PBS buffer pH 7.4 and in challenge studies with cysteine and histidine. 99mTc(CO)3(ASMA) metabolites in urine were analyzed by HPLC. Results Both 99mTc(CO)3(ASMA) preparations had > 99% radiochemical purity and were stable in PBS buffer pH 7.4 for 24 h. Challenge studies on both revealed no significant displacement of the ligand. In normal rats, % injected dose in urine at 10 and 60 min for both preparations averaged 103% and 106% that of 131I-OIH, respectively. The renal clearances of 99mTc(CO)3(rac-ASMA) and 131I-OIH were comparable (P = 0.48). The tracer was excreted unchanged in the urine, proving its in vivo stability. In pedicle-ligated rats, 99mTc(CO)3(rac-ASMA) had less excretion into the bowel (P < 0.05) and was better retained in the blood (P < 0.05) than 131I-OIH. Conclusion Both 99mTc(CO)3(ASMA) complexes have pharmacokinetic properties in rats comparable to or superior to those of 131I-OIH, and human studies are warranted for their further evaluation. PMID:22717977

  19. Dose-specific transcriptional responses in thyroid tissue in mice after (131)I administration.

    PubMed

    Rudqvist, Nils; Schüler, Emil; Parris, Toshima Z; Langen, Britta; Helou, Khalil; Forssell-Aronsson, Eva

    2015-03-01

    In the present investigation, microarray analysis was used to monitor transcriptional activity in thyroids in mice 24 h after (131)I exposure. The aims of this study were to 1) assess the transcriptional patterns associated with (131)I exposure in normal mouse thyroid tissue and 2) propose biomarkers for (131)I exposure of the thyroid. Adult BALB/c nude mice were i.v. injected with 13, 130 or 260 kBq of (131)I and killed 24h after injection (absorbed dose to thyroid: 0.85, 8.5, or 17 Gy). Mock-treated mice were used as controls. Total RNA was extracted from thyroids and processed using the Illumina platform. In total, 497, 546, and 90 transcripts were regulated (fold change ≥1.5) in the thyroid after 0.85, 8.5, and 17 Gy, respectively. These were involved in several biological functions, e.g. oxygen access, inflammation and immune response, and apoptosis/anti-apoptosis. Approximately 50% of the involved transcripts at each absorbed dose level were dose-specific, and 18 transcripts were commonly detected at all absorbed dose levels. The Agpat9, Plau, Prf1, and S100a8 gene expression displayed a monotone decrease in regulation with absorbed dose, and further studies need to be performed to evaluate if they may be useful as dose-related biomarkers for 131I exposure. Distinct and substantial differences in gene expression and affected biological functions were detected at the different absorbed dose levels. The transcriptional profiles were specific for the different absorbed dose levels. We propose that the Agpat9, Plau, Prf1, and S100a8 genes might be novel potential absorbed dose-related biomarkers to (131)I exposure of thyroid. During the recent years, genomic techniques have been developed; however, they have not been fully utilized in nuclear medicine and radiation biology. We have used RNA microarrays to investigate genome-wide transcriptional regulations in thyroid tissue in mice after low, intermediate, and high absorbed doses from (131)I exposure in vivo

  20. The Effect of Diagnostic Absorbed Doses from 131I on Human Thyrocytes in Vitro.

    PubMed

    Adamczewski, Zbigniew; Stasiołek, Mariusz; Karwowski, Bolesław; Dedecjus, Marek; Orszulak-Michalak, Daria; Merecz, Anna; Śliwka, Przemysław W; Puła, Bartosz; Lewiński, Andrzej

    2015-06-29

    Administration of diagnostic activities of 131I, performed in order to detect thyroid remnants after surgery and/or thyroid cancer recurrence/metastases, may lead to reduction of iodine uptake. This phenomenon is called "thyroid stunning". We estimated radiation absorbed dose-dependent changes in genetic material, in particular in sodium iodide symporter (NIS) gene promoter, and NIS protein level in human thyrocytes (HT). We used unmodified HT isolated from patients subjected to thyroidectomy exposed to 131I in culture. The different 131I activities applied were calculated to result in absorbed doses of 5, 10, and 20 Gy. According to flow cytometry analysis and comet assay, 131I did not influence the HT viability in culture. Temporary increase of 8-oxo-dG concentration in HT directly after 24 h (p < 0.05) and increase in the number of AP-sites 72 h after termination of exposition to 20 Gy dose (p < 0.0001) were observed. The signs of dose-dependent DNA damage were not associated with essential changes in the NIS expression on mRNA and protein levels. Our observation constitutes a first attempt to evaluate the effect of the absorbed dose of 131I on HT. The results have not confirmed the theory that the "thyroid stunning" reduces the NIS protein synthesis.

  1. Behavior of 131I and 137Cs in environments released from the Fukushima nuclear disaster

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Ohta, T.; Mahara, Y.; Kubota, T.; Igarashi, T.

    2011-12-01

    The devastating tsunami that caused by the great earthquake (M = 9.0) off the coast of northeastern Honshu on 11 March 2011 destroyed large coastal areas of Tohoku and north Kanto, Japan. Radionuclides, including 131I, 134Cs, and 137Cs, were released into the atmosphere from the Fukushima Daiichi plants. Concentration of levels of 131I, 134Cs, and 137Cs in Ibaraki Prefecture, Japan, released from the Fukushima Daiichi plant were investigated in the soil and precipitation. The concentrations of 131I and 137Cs in the soil from the surface to 1 cm depth in Ibaraki Prefecture were 9360-13,400 Bq/kg and 720-3250 Bq/kg, respectively. The concentration of 137Cs at this soil observation site originating from the Fukushima plant was 8.4 to 21 times that found locally after the Nagasaki atomic bomb explosion. Most of the 134Cs and 137Cs from rainwater were trapped by the surface soil and sand to a depth of 1 cm, whereas only about 30% of the 131I was collected by the surface soil, suggesting that 131I would move deeper than 137Cs and 134Cs. The 131I in the rainwater was in the anion exchangeable form, and all of it could be collected by anion exchangeable mechanisms, whereas 30% of the 131I that had passed through the soil could not be trapped by the anion exchange resin, suggesting that the chemical form of this 30% was in a changeable, organic-bound form. The 131I, 134Cs, and 137Cs that were absorbed on soil were difficult to be dissolved into water. As the half-life of 131I is short and 137Cs is strongly adsorbed on the surface soil and sand, these radionuclides would be unlikely to reach the groundwater before completely decaying; contamination of groundwater with 131I and 137Cs supplied from rainwater to the surface soil is therefore exceedingly unlikely. As the 137Cs is likely to migrate only 0.6 cm in 10 years, people living in the Fukushima and Kanto areas will be exposed to radiation from 137Cs in the surface soil and sand. For protection, surface soils and sands

  2. 131I therapy for 345 patients with refractory severe hyperthyroidism: Without antithyroid drug pretreatment.

    PubMed

    Ding, Yong; Xing, Jialiu; Fang, Yi; Wang, Yong; Zhang, Youren; Long, Yahong

    2016-02-01

    The aim of this study is to evaluate the safety and long-term results of (131)I therapy alone for patients with refractory severe hyperthyroidism without antithyroid drug pretreatment. From January 2002 to December 2012, 408 patients with refractory severe hyperthyroidism were treated with (131)I alone. Among them, 345 were followed up for 1 to 10 years for physical examination, thyroid function, and thyroid ultrasound. Complete Blood Count (CBC) liver function, electrocardiogram, echocardiogram, and Emission Computed Tomography (ECT) thyroid imaging were performed as indicated. The 345 patients had concomitant conditions including thyrotoxic heart disease, severe liver dysfunction, enlarged thyroid weighing 80 to 400 g, severe cytopenia, and vasculitis. One to two weeks prior to (131)I therapy, all patients were given low-iodine diet. The dose of (131)I therapy was 2.59 to 6.66 MBq (70 to180 µCi) per gram of thyroid with an average of 3.83 ± 0.6 MBq (103.6 ± 16.4 µCi); and the total (131)I activity administrated for the individuals was 111 to 3507.6 MBq (3.0 to 94.8 mCi, mean 444 ± 336.7 MBq (12.0 ± 9.1 mCi)). Out of the 408 patients, 283 were cured, 15 with complete remission, and 47 with incomplete remission. No treatment failure or significant clinical worsening was noted in these patients. Our data indicated that (131)I therapy alone for patients with refractory severe hyperthyroidism without antithyroid drug pretreatment is safe and effective. © 2015 by the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine.

  3. 131I therapy for 345 patients with refractory severe hyperthyroidism: Without antithyroid drug pretreatment

    PubMed Central

    Xing, Jialiu; Fang, Yi; Wang, Yong; Zhang, Youren; Long, Yahong

    2015-01-01

    The aim of this study is to evaluate the safety and long-term results of 131I therapy alone for patients with refractory severe hyperthyroidism without antithyroid drug pretreatment. From January 2002 to December 2012, 408 patients with refractory severe hyperthyroidism were treated with 131I alone. Among them, 345 were followed up for 1 to 10 years for physical examination, thyroid function, and thyroid ultrasound. Complete Blood Count (CBC) liver function, electrocardiogram, echocardiogram, and Emission Computed Tomography (ECT) thyroid imaging were performed as indicated. The 345 patients had concomitant conditions including thyrotoxic heart disease, severe liver dysfunction, enlarged thyroid weighing 80 to 400 g, severe cytopenia, and vasculitis. One to two weeks prior to 131I therapy, all patients were given low-iodine diet. The dose of 131I therapy was 2.59 to 6.66 MBq (70 to180 µCi) per gram of thyroid with an average of 3.83 ± 0.6 MBq (103.6 ± 16.4 µCi); and the total 131I activity administrated for the individuals was 111 to 3507.6 MBq (3.0 to 94.8 mCi, mean 444 ± 336.7 MBq (12.0 ± 9.1 mCi)). Out of the 408 patients, 283 were cured, 15 with complete remission, and 47 with incomplete remission. No treatment failure or significant clinical worsening was noted in these patients. Our data indicated that 131I therapy alone for patients with refractory severe hyperthyroidism without antithyroid drug pretreatment is safe and effective. PMID:26341470

  4. Medically-derived I-131: a potential tool for understanding the fate of wastewater nitrogen in aquatic systems

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Rose, P. S.; Smith, J. P.; Aller, R. C.; Cochran, J. K.; Swanson, R. L.; Murthy, S. N.; Coffin, R. B.

    2010-12-01

    Iodine-131(t1/2 = 8 days) has been measured in Potomac River water and sediments in the vicinity of the Blue Plains Water Pollution Control Plant (WPCP), Washington, DC. The source of I-131 is medical, where it is commonly used to treat thyroid cancer and hyperthyroidism. Iodine is metabolized by patients and eliminated primarily in urine. While other medical radioisotopes may enter the environment via sewage effluent, the nature and quantity of treatments using I-131 cause it to account for much of the radioactivity in sewage effluent. Natural iodine in aquatic systems is biologically cycled similar to other nutrients, such as nitrogen. Iodine-131 concentrations measured in sewage effluent from Blue Plains WPCP and in the Potomac River suggest a relatively continuous discharge of this isotope. Dissolved I-131 shows a strong, positive correlation with δ15N values of nitrate in the river. The range of I-131 concentrations detected in surface waters is 0.18 ± 0.01 to 0.68 ± 0.02 Bq/L. Surface water δ15NO3 values ranged from 8.7 ± 0.3 to 33.4 ± 7.3 ‰ with NO3+NO2 concentrations between 0.38 ± 0.02 and 2.79 ± 0.13 mgN/L. Sediment profiles of particulate I-131 and δ15N indicate rapid mixing or sedimentation and in many cases remineralization of a heavy nitrogen source consistent with wastewater nitrogen. Iodine-131 concentrations in sediments ranged from 1.31 ± 0.8 to 117 ± 2 Bq/kg dry weight. Values of δ15N in sediments ranged from 4.7 ± 0.1 ‰ to 9.3 ± 0.1 ‰. We propose that I-131 coupled with δ15N can be an excellent tracer for the short-term fate of wastewater nitrogen in this system. However, the utility of I-131 as a tracer is not limited to use in the Potomac River. Other studies have documented the presence of I-131 in several aquatic systems and continuous discharges of this radioisotope in sewage effluent are likely to be widespread in urban environments.

  5. Vascular Anomalies (Part I): Classification and Diagnostics of Vascular Anomalies.

    PubMed

    Sadick, Maliha; Müller-Wille, René; Wildgruber, Moritz; Wohlgemuth, Walter A

    2018-06-06

    , diagnosis and treatment of congenital vascular anomalies, radiology plays an integral part in patient management.. · Sadick M, Müller-Wille R, Wildgruber M et al. Vascular Anomalies (Part I): Classification and Diagnostics of Vascular Anomalies. Fortschr Röntgenstr 2018; DOI: 10.1055/a-0620-8925. © Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York.

  6. The Effect of Diagnostic Absorbed Doses from 131I on Human Thyrocytes in Vitro

    PubMed Central

    Adamczewski, Zbigniew; Stasiołek, Mariusz; Karwowski, Bolesław; Dedecjus, Marek; Orszulak-Michalak, Daria; Merecz, Anna; Śliwka, Przemysław W.; Puła, Bartosz; Lewiński, Andrzej

    2015-01-01

    Background: Administration of diagnostic activities of 131I, performed in order to detect thyroid remnants after surgery and/or thyroid cancer recurrence/metastases, may lead to reduction of iodine uptake. This phenomenon is called “thyroid stunning”. We estimated radiation absorbed dose-dependent changes in genetic material, in particular in sodium iodide symporter (NIS) gene promoter, and NIS protein level in human thyrocytes (HT). Materials and Methods: We used unmodified HT isolated from patients subjected to thyroidectomy exposed to 131I in culture. The different 131I activities applied were calculated to result in absorbed doses of 5, 10, and 20 Gy. Results: According to flow cytometry analysis and comet assay, 131I did not influence the HT viability in culture. Temporary increase of 8-oxo-dG concentration in HT directly after 24 h (p < 0.05) and increase in the number of AP-sites 72 h after termination of exposition to 20 Gy dose (p < 0.0001) were observed. The signs of dose-dependent DNA damage were not associated with essential changes in the NIS expression on mRNA and protein levels. Conclusions: Our observation constitutes a first attempt to evaluate the effect of the absorbed dose of 131I on HT. The results have not confirmed the theory that the “thyroid stunning” reduces the NIS protein synthesis. PMID:26132566

  7. Medically-Derived (131)I as a Tool for Investigating the Fate of Wastewater Nitrogen in Aquatic Environments.

    PubMed

    Rose, Paula S; Smith, Joseph P; Aller, Robert C; Cochran, J Kirk; Swanson, R Lawrence; Coffin, Richard B

    2015-09-01

    Medically derived (131)I (t1/2 = 8.04 d) is discharged from water pollution control plants (WPCPs) in sewage effluent. Iodine's nutrient-like behavior and the source-specificity of (131)I make this radionuclide a potentially valuable tracer in wastewater nitrogen studies. Iodine-131 was measured in Potomac River water and sediments in the vicinity of the Blue Plains WPCP, Washington, DC, USA. Dissolved (131)I showed a strong, positive correlation with δ(15)N values of nitrate (δ(15)NO3(-)) in the river, the latter being a traditional indicator of nutrient inputs and recycling. Surface water δ(15)NO3(-) values ranged from 8.7 to 33.4‰; NO3(-) + NO2(-) concentrations were 0.39-2.79 mg N L(-1) (26-186 μM). Sediment profiles of particulate (131)I and δ(15)N indicate rapid mixing or sedimentation and in many cases remineralization of a heavy nitrogen source consistent with wastewater nitrogen. Values of δ(15)N in sediments ranged from 4.7 to 9.3‰. This work introduces (131)I as a tool to investigate the short-term fate of wastewater nitrogen in the Potomac River and demonstrates the general utility of (131)I in aquatic research.

  8. A simple low-cost of liquid I-131 dispenser for routine radiopharmaceutical dispensing at nuclear medicine department, Institut Kanser Negara

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Said, M. A.; Ashhar, Z. N.; Suhaimi, N. E. F.; Zainon, R.

    2016-01-01

    In routine radiopharmaceutical Iodine-131 (131I) dispensing, the amount of radiation dose received by the personnel depends on the distance between the personnel and the source, the time spent manipulating the source and the amount of shielding used to reduce the dose rate from the source. The novel iRAD-I131 dispenser using recycle 131I liquid lead pot will lead into low cost production, less maintenance and low dose received by the personnel that prepared the 131I. The new fabricated of low cost 131I dispenser was tested and the dose received by personnel were evaluated. The body of lead material is made from 2.5 cm lead shielded coated with epoxy paint to absorb the radiation dose up to 7.4 GBq of 131 I. The lead pot was supported with two stainless steel rod. The Optically Stimulated Luminescence (OSL) nanodot was used in this study to measure the dose rate at both extremities for every personnel who prepared the 131I. Each OSL nanodot was attached at the fingertip. Three different personnel (experienced between one to ten years above in preparing the radiopharmaceuticals) were participated in this study. The average equivalent dose at right and left hand were 122.694 ± 121.637 µSv/GBq and 77.281 ± 62.146 µSv/GBq respectively. This study found that the dose exposure received using iRAD-I131 was less up to seven times compared to the conventional method. The comparison of experimental data using iRAD-I131 and established radiopharmaceutical dispenser was also discussed. The innovation of 131I dispenser is highly recommended in a small radiopharmaceutical facility with limited budget. The novel iRAD-I131 enables implementation of higher output liquid dispensing with low radiation dose to the personnel.

  9. Synthesis and biodistribution of novel magnetic-poly(HEMA-APH) nanopolymer radiolabeled with iodine-131 and investigation its fate in vivo for cancer therapy

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Avcıbaşı, Uğur; Avcıbaşı, Nesibe; Akalın, Hilmi Arkut; Ediz, Melis; Demiroğlu, Hasan; Gümüşer, Fikriye Gül; Özçalışkan, Emir; Türkcan, Ceren; Uygun, Deniz Aktaş; Akgöl, Sinan

    2013-10-01

    Herein, we investigated the biological uptake, distribution, and radiopharmaceutical potential of a novel molecule based on 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) and anilinephtalein (APH) in the metabolism of Albino Wistar rats. In order to achieve this, we synthesized APH using organic synthesis methods and copolymerized APH with HEMA using a common polymerization method, surfactant-free emulsion polymerization. In the presence of Fe3O4 particles, we obtained a new generation magnetic-nano-scale polymer, magnetic-poly(HEMA-APH). This new molecule was chemically identified and approved by several characterization methods using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, electron spin resonance, atomic force microscope, and Zeta particle-size analysis. To evaluate the biological activity in live metabolism and anti-cancer potential of mag-poly(HEMA-APH), molecule was radioiodinated by a widely used labeling technique, iodogen method, with a gamma diffuser radionuclide, 131I. Thin-layer radiochromatography experiments demonstrated that 131I binded to nanopolymer with the labeling yield of 90 %. Lipophilicity and stability experiments were conducted to determine the condition of cold and labeled mag-poly(HEMA-APH) in rat blood and lipid medium. Results demonstrated that radioiodinated molecule stayed as an intact complex in rat metabolism for 24 h and experimental lipophilicity was determined as 0.12 ± 0.02. In vivo results obtained by imaging and biological distribution experiments indicated that mag-poly(HEMA-APH) labeled with 131I [131I-mag-poly(HEMA-APH)] highly incorporated into tissues of the uterus, the ovarian, the prostate, and the lungs in rat metabolism. Based on these results, it may be evaluated that novel mag-poly(HEMA-APH) molecule labeled with 131I is a compound which has a significant potential for being used as an anti-cancer agent. Certain results can only be obtained whether this

  10. SPECT/CT demonstrating 131I retention in Warthin tumor on thyroid cancer survey scan.

    PubMed

    Zhang, Yuyang; Minoshima, Satoshi

    2013-09-01

    A 48-year-old male patient of papillary thyroid cancer, status post-thyroidectomy and node dissection, was referred to (131)I scan prior to radioiodine treatment. The images showed 1 additional focus of (131)I uptake in the right upper neck outside of the thyroid bed. SPECT/CT demonstrated 2 separate foci of radioiodine uptake in the right parotid gland, instead of neck lymph nodes. Diagnostic CT showed 2 corresponding soft tissue nodules in the right parotid gland which were confirmed latter by fine-needle aspiration to be Warthin tumors. This case illustrates a pivotal role of SPECT/CT in differential diagnosis of abnormal neck uptake on (131)I thyroid cancer scan.

  11. [Guideline draft of appropriate use of 131I-MIBG for internal radiotherapy of neuroendocrine tumors].

    PubMed

    Nakajo, Masayuki; Yoshinaga, Keiichiro; Oriuchi, Noboru; Kinuya, Seigo; Yokoyama, Kunihiko; Yamaguchi, Toshiro

    2008-02-01

    I3I-MIBG has been used for therapy of unresectable neuroendocrine tumors including malignant pheochromocytomas and neuroblastomas in foreign countries since the '80s when its clinical therapeutic trials were initiated. In Japan, 131I-MIBG for therapy has not been approved by Health and Labor Ministry, however, personally imported 131I-MIBG is now available in limited institutions for therapeutic purpose. This guideline draft was made to provide the information about 131I-MIBG radiotherapy including related side effects for doctors, nurses, patients and their families, to prevent the adverse effects of this therapy and to protect radiation injuries from this tracer. The appendices were also attached concerning practical guidance for attending physicians, patient management and referring physicians for their conveniences.

  12. A simple low-cost of liquid I-131 dispenser for routine radiopharmaceutical dispensing at nuclear medicine department, Institut Kanser Negara

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Said, M. A.; Suhaimi, N. E. F.; Ashhar, Z. N., E-mail: aminhpj@gmail.com

    In routine radiopharmaceutical Iodine-131 ({sup 131}I) dispensing, the amount of radiation dose received by the personnel depends on the distance between the personnel and the source, the time spent manipulating the source and the amount of shielding used to reduce the dose rate from the source. The novel iRAD-I131 dispenser using recycle {sup 131}I liquid lead pot will lead into low cost production, less maintenance and low dose received by the personnel that prepared the {sup 131}I. The new fabricated of low cost {sup 131}I dispenser was tested and the dose received by personnel were evaluated. The body of leadmore » material is made from 2.5 cm lead shielded coated with epoxy paint to absorb the radiation dose up to 7.4 GBq of {sup 131} I. The lead pot was supported with two stainless steel rod. The Optically Stimulated Luminescence (OSL) nanodot was used in this study to measure the dose rate at both extremities for every personnel who prepared the {sup 131}I. Each OSL nanodot was attached at the fingertip. Three different personnel (experienced between one to ten years above in preparing the radiopharmaceuticals) were participated in this study. The average equivalent dose at right and left hand were 122.694 ± 121.637 µSv/GBq and 77.281 ± 62.146 µSv/GBq respectively. This study found that the dose exposure received using iRAD-I131 was less up to seven times compared to the conventional method. The comparison of experimental data using iRAD-I131 and established radiopharmaceutical dispenser was also discussed. The innovation of {sup 131}I dispenser is highly recommended in a small radiopharmaceutical facility with limited budget. The novel iRAD-I131 enables implementation of higher output liquid dispensing with low radiation dose to the personnel.« less

  13. SU-F-T-222: Dose of Fetus and Infant Following Accidental Intakes of I-131 by the Mother

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Wang, Y; Hu, P

    Purpose: To estimate the calculation of absorbed dose to the fetus and infants from intakes of I-131 by the mother. Thus provide some advice to the radioprotection of radioactive accident. Methods: In this clinical case, a staff of nuclear medicine accidently intake I-131 during (10–12 weeks) and after pregnancy. The infant was born at full term, but both lobes of the thyroid gland were found to be absent (bilobar thyroid agenesis). It was suspected that the fetal thyroid agenesis may be related with mother’s contamination of I-131 during pregnancy. Urine samples for 24h were collected at different times after administeredmore » and radioactivity were measured to calculate the dose of intake I-131. Calculate the intake I-131 by the results of personal TLD dosimeter. We adopted the mean of two calculated results as the I-131 intake. According to the dose of intake I-131 by the mother, effective dose and absorbed dose of thyroid for mother, fetus and infant were calculated. Results: The intake of I-131 was estimated for 8.18 mCi. I-131 intake was calculated for 7.9 mCi based on data of TLD dosimeter. We adopted the mean of two results as the I-131 intake. The final result was 8.0 mCi. Effective dose and absorbed dose of thyroid for mother were 7.3Sv and 164 Gy, effective dose and absorbed dose of thyroid for fetus were 2.035 Sv and 40.7 Gy, effective dose and absorbed dose of thyroid for infant were 16.25 Sv and 355Gy. Conclusion: The intake during pregnancy was about 1mCi. The absorbed dose of thyroid of the mother was 19.5Gy, whereas the effective of infant was estimated for 40.7Gy. The function of the mother’s thyroid was normal after diagnosis. But the infant was diagnosed as bilobar thyroid agenesis.« less

  14. Artifact in dynamic imaging of the kidneys with $sup 131$I-o-iodohippurate

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Bekier, A.; Bandhauer, K.

    1974-02-01

    An artifactural area of increased activity over the left lumbar region was observed in the radionuclide imaging of the kidneys with /sup 131/I-o- iodohippurate. The renal scan was falsely interpreted as a functionally reduced left kidney. The following renal arteriogram shows only a right renal artery. The agenesia of the left kidney was confirmed by a laparotomy. This artifact was probably due to gastric secretion of free /sup 131/I. (auth)

  15. The Plasma Disappearance Time and Catabolic Half-Life of I 131-Labelled Normal Human Gamma Globulin in Amyloidosis and in Rheumatoid Arthritis

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Mills, John A.; Calkins, Evan; Cohen, Alan S.

    1961-10-01

    The serum survival time and catabclic half-life of intravenously injected I 131-labeled pooled human gamma globulin - were studied in three patients with amyloidosis, four patients with rheumatoid arthritis, and three normal controls. The half-time of gamma globulin survival in the controsubjects ranged from 16.5 to 30 days. Two patients with amyloidosis, one primary and one secondary, both with the nephrotic syndrome, exhibited shortened serum half-times of 4.5 and 11 days, respectively. The serum half-time of the latter patient, before the appearance of clinical amyloidosis, was 14 days. One patient with primary amyloidosis but without nephrosis exhibited a half-time ofmore » serum gamma globulin disappearance of 21 days. The half-time of gamma globulin disappearance in four patients with chronic active rheumatoid arthritis varied between 19.5 and 8.5 days. The lower figure was found in a patient having a high titer of rheumatoid factor. If this subject is excepted, the average half- time in three rheumatoid subjects is 17 days. The catabolic half-life of the iodinated gamma globulin agreed in most instances with the serum half-time. The calculated distribution space of the injected gamma globulin showed no consistent alteration in either amyloidosis or rheumatoid arthritis as compared with the control subjects. Since the nephrotic syndrome from other causes may produce an accelerated catabolic half-life, a similar finding on these subjects cannot be ascribed to amyloidosis.« less

  16. Does (131)I Radioactivity Interfere with Thyroglobulin Measurement in Patients Undergoing Radioactive Iodine Therapy with Recombinant Human TSH?

    PubMed

    Park, Sohyun; Bang, Ji-In; Lee, Ho-Young; Kim, Sang-Eun

    2015-06-01

    Recombinant human thyroid-stimulating hormone (rhTSH) is widely used in radioactive iodine therapy (RIT) to avoid side effects caused by hypothyroidism during the therapy. Owing to RIT with rhTSH, serum thyroglobulin (Tg) is measured with high (131)I concentrations. It is of concern that the relatively high energy of (131)I could interfere with Tg measurement using the immunoradiometric assay (IRMA). We investigated the effect of (131)I administration on Tg measurement with IRMA after RIT. A total of 67 patients with thyroid cancer were analysed retrospectively. All patients had undergone rhTSH stimulation for RIT. The patients' sera were sampled 2 days after (131)I administration and divided into two portions: for Tg measurements on days 2 and 32 after (131)I administration. The count per minute (CPM) of whole serum (200 μl) was also measured at each time point. Student's paired t-test and Pearson's correlation analyses were performed for statistical analysis. Serum Tg levels were significantly concordant between days 2 and 32, irrespective of the serum CPM. Subgroup analysis was performed by classification based on the (131)I dose. No difference was noted between the results of the two groups. IRMA using (125)I did not show interference from (131)I in the serum of patients stimulated by rhTSH.

  17. Iodine Symporter Targeting with 124I/131I Theranostics.

    PubMed

    Nagarajah, James; Janssen, Marcel; Hetkamp, Philipp; Jentzen, Walter

    2017-09-01

    Theranostics, a modern approach combining therapeutics and diagnostics, is among the most promising concepts in nuclear medicine for optimizing and individualizing treatments for many cancer entities. Theranostics has been used in clinical routines in nuclear medicine for more than 60 y-as 131 I for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes in thyroid diseases. In this minireview, we provide a survey of the use of 2 different radioiodine isotopes for targeting the sodium-iodine symporter in thyroid cancer and nonthyroidal neoplasms as well as a brief summary of theranostics for neuroendocrine neoplasms and metastatic castration-refractory prostate cancer. In particular, we discuss the role of 124 I-based dosimetry in targeting of the sodium-iodine symporter and describe the clinical application of 124 I dosimetry in a patient who had radioiodine-refractory thyroid cancer and who underwent a redifferentiation treatment with the mitogen-activated extracellular signal-related kinase kinase inhibitor trametinib. © 2017 by the Society of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging.

  18. Fallout sup 131 I in western Nevada cattle thyroid glands: 1962-early 1969

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Blincoe, C.; Bohman, V.R.

    1991-10-01

    There has been continuing interest in historical fallout data. The authors have previously published data concerning the concentrations of fallout radioactive {sup 131}I in the thyroid glands of cattle from the Nevada Test Site and from commercial slaughter cattle. These data showed that bovine thyroid {sup 131}I was an effective monitor of both local and worldwide fresh nuclear fallout. This paper extends the data on commercial slaughter cattle from western Nevada through early 1969.

  19. (131)I-MIBG therapy for malignant paraganglioma and phaeochromocytoma: systematic review and meta-analysis.

    PubMed

    van Hulsteijn, L T; Niemeijer, N D; Dekkers, O M; Corssmit, E P M

    2014-04-01

    (131)I-MIBG therapy can be used for palliative treatment of malignant paraganglioma and phaeochromocytoma. The main objective of this study was to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis assessing the effect of (131)I-MIBG therapy on tumour volume in patients with malignant paraganglioma/phaeochromocytoma. A literature search was performed in December 2012 to identify potentially relevant studies. Main outcomes were the pooled proportions of complete response, partial response and stable disease after radionuclide therapy. A meta-analysis was performed with an exact likelihood approach using a logistic regression with a random effect at the study level. Pooled proportions with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were reported. Seventeen studies concerning a total of 243 patients with malignant paraganglioma/phaeochromocytoma were treated with (131)I-MIBG therapy. The mean follow-up ranged from 24 to 62 months. A meta-analysis of the effect of (131)I-MIBG therapy on tumour volume showed pooled proportions of complete response, partial response and stable disease of, respectively, 0·03 (95% CI: 0·06-0·15), 0·27 (95% CI: 0·19-0·37) and 0·52 (95% CI: 0·41-0·62) and for hormonal response 0·11 (95% CI: 0·05-0·22), 0·40 (95% CI: 0·28-0·53) and 0·21 (95% CI: 0·10-0·40), respectively. Separate analyses resulted in better results in hormonal response for patients with paraganglioma than for patients with phaeochromocytoma. Data on the effects of (131)I-MIBG therapy on malignant paraganglioma/phaeochromocytoma suggest that stable disease concerning tumour volume and a partial hormonal response can be achieved in over 50% and 40% of patients, respectively, treated with (131)I-MIBG therapy. It cannot be ruled out that stable disease reflects not only the effect of MIBG therapy, but also (partly) the natural course of the disease. © 2013 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

  20. Development of gamma-photon/Cerenkov-light hybrid system for simultaneous imaging of I-131 radionuclide

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Yamamoto, Seiichi; Suzuki, Mayumi; Kato, Katsuhiko; Watabe, Tadashi; Ikeda, Hayato; Kanai, Yasukazu; Ogata, Yoshimune; Hatazawa, Jun

    2016-09-01

    Although iodine 131 (I-131) is used for radionuclide therapy, high resolution images are difficult to obtain with conventional gamma cameras because of the high energy of I-131 gamma photons (364 keV). Cerenkov-light imaging is a possible method for beta emitting radionuclides, and I-131 (606 MeV maximum beta energy) is a candidate to obtain high resolution images. We developed a high energy gamma camera system for I-131 radionuclide and combined it with a Cerenkov-light imaging system to form a gamma-photon/Cerenkov-light hybrid imaging system to compare the simultaneously measured images of these two modalities. The high energy gamma imaging detector used 0.85-mm×0.85-mm×10-mm thick GAGG scintillator pixels arranged in a 44×44 matrix with a 0.1-mm thick reflector and optical coupled to a Hamamatsu 2 in. square position sensitive photomultiplier tube (PSPMT: H12700 MOD). The gamma imaging detector was encased in a 2 cm thick tungsten shield, and a pinhole collimator was mounted on its top to form a gamma camera system. The Cerenkov-light imaging system was made of a high sensitivity cooled CCD camera. The Cerenkov-light imaging system was combined with the gamma camera using optical mirrors to image the same area of the subject. With this configuration, we simultaneously imaged the gamma photons and the Cerenkov-light from I-131 in the subjects. The spatial resolution and sensitivity of the gamma camera system for I-131 were respectively 3 mm FWHM and 10 cps/MBq for the high sensitivity collimator at 10 cm from the collimator surface. The spatial resolution of the Cerenkov-light imaging system was 0.64 mm FWHM at 10 cm from the system surface. Thyroid phantom and rat images were successfully obtained with the developed gamma-photon/Cerenkov-light hybrid imaging system, allowing direct comparison of these two modalities. Our developed gamma-photon/Cerenkov-light hybrid imaging system will be useful to evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of these two

  1. Feasibility study for production of I-131 radioisotope using MNSR research reactor.

    PubMed

    Elom Achoribo, A S; Akaho, Edward H K; Nyarko, Benjamin J B; Osae Shiloh, K D; Odame Duodu, Godfred; Gibrilla, Abass

    2012-01-01

    A feasibility study for (131)I production using a Low Power Research Reactor was conducted to predict the yield of (131)I by cyclic activation technique. A maximum activity of 5.1GBq was achieved through simulation using FORTRAN 90, for an irradiation of 6h. But experimentally only 4h irradiation could be done, which resulted in an activity of 4.0×10(5)Bq. The discrepancy in the activities was due to the fact that beta decays released during the process could not be considered. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  2. 27 CFR 13.1 - Scope of part.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... OF THE TREASURY ALCOHOL LABELING PROCEEDINGS Scope and Construction of Regulations § 13.1 Scope of... process in this part does not apply to organic claims on alcohol beverage labels. See § 13.101. [T.D. ATF...

  3. 27 CFR 13.1 - Scope of part.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... OF THE TREASURY LIQUORS LABELING PROCEEDINGS Scope and Construction of Regulations § 13.1 Scope of... process in this part does not apply to organic claims on alcohol beverage labels. See § 13.101. [T.D. ATF...

  4. 27 CFR 13.1 - Scope of part.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... OF THE TREASURY LIQUORS LABELING PROCEEDINGS Scope and Construction of Regulations § 13.1 Scope of... process in this part does not apply to organic claims on alcohol beverage labels. See § 13.101. [T.D. ATF...

  5. 131I-Anti-CD45 Antibody Plus Busulfan and Cyclophosphamide before Allogeneic Hematophoietic Cell Transplantation for Treatment of Acute Myeloid Leukemia in First Remission

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Pagel, John M.; Appelbaum, Frederick R.; Eary, Janet F.

    2006-03-01

    In an attempt to improve outcomes for patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT), we conducted a Phase I/II study in which targeted irradiation delivered by 131I-anti-CD45 antibody was combined with targeted busulfan (BU; area-under-curve, 600-900 ng/ml) and cyclophosphamide (CY; 120 mg/kg). Fifty-two of 59 patients (88%) receiving a trace 131I-labeled dose of 0.5 mg/kg anti-CD45 murine antibody had higher estimated absorbed radiation in bone marrow and spleen than in any other organ. Forty-six patients were treated with 102-298 mCi 131I delivering an estimated 5.3-19 (mean 11.3) Gy to marrow, 17-72 (mean 29.7) Gy tomore » spleen, and 3.5 Gy (n=4) to 5.25 Gy (n=42) to the liver. The estimated 3-year non-relapse mortality and disease-free survival (DFS) were 21% and 61%, respectively. These results were compared to those from 509 similar International Bone Marrow Transplant Registry patients transplanted using BU/CY alone. After adjusting for differences in age and cytogenetics-risk, the hazard of mortality among all antibody-treated patients was 0.65 times that of the Registry patients (95% CI 0.39-1.08; p=.09). The addition of targeted hematopoietic irradiation to conventional BU/CY is feasible and well tolerated, and Phase II results are sufficiently encouraging to warrant further study.« less

  6. Comparison of curative effect of 131I and antithyroid drugs in Graves' disease: a meta analysis.

    PubMed

    Yuan, Ju; Lu, Xiuqing; Yue, Yan

    2017-03-01

    Radioactive 131I is currently reported to be a potential effective intervention for Graves' Disease treatment in China. Whether 131I treatment was associated with effective outcome or reduced risk of side effects, reccurence rate remained unknown. Eligible studies were selected from Chinese VIP, Wangfang, CNKI databases using the keywords "Iodine" and "Graves Disease". Finally, 13 clinical trials met the inclusion criterion and were included this meta-analysis. Our meta-analysis included 1355 patients diagnosed of Graves' Disease with regular anti-thyroid drugs oral administration and 1320 patients with 131I therapy. The results showed that there was significant symptom improvement with radioactive iodine intervention (Odd Ratio (OR)=4.50, 95% CI [3.55, 5.71], P<0.01). 3 studies mentioned side effects, 6 mentioned reccurence rate and another 6 mentioned hypothyroidism. The ORs and 95%CIs for these subgroups were 0.12 [0.06, 0.21], 0.08 [0.05, 0.13] and 2.27 [1.77, 2.92] respectively. It means a significant reduction of side effects and reccurence rate but increased hypothyroidism after 131I intervention in Graves' Disease. Treatment with 131I was associated with better clinical outcome; it reduced side effects and reccurence rate but increased hypothyroidism in Graves' Disease.

  7. Radiation Dose-rate Reduction Pattern in Well-differentiated Thyroid Cancer Treated with I-131.

    PubMed

    Khan, Shahbaz Ahmad; Khan, Muhammad Saqib; Arif, Muhammad; Durr-e-Sabih; Rahim, Muhammad Kashif; Ahmad, Israr

    2015-07-01

    To determine the patterns of dose rate reduction in single and multiple radioiodine (I-131) therapies in cases of well differentiated thyroid cancer patients. Analytical series. Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiation Physics, Multan Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Radiotherapy (MINAR), Multan, Pakistan, from December 2006 to December 2013. Ninety three patients (167 therapies) with well differentiated thyroid cancer treated with different doses of I-131 as an in-patient were inducted. Fifty four patients were given only single I-131 therapy dose ranging from 70 mCi (2590 MBq) to 150 mCi (5550 MBq). Thirty nine patients were treated with multiple I-131 radioisotope therapy doses ranging from 80 mCi (2960 MBq) to 250 mCi (9250 MBq). T-test was applied on the sample data showed statistically significant difference between the two groups with p-value (p < 0.01) less than 0.05 taken as significant. There were 68 females and 25 males with an age range of 15 to 80 years. Mean age of the patients were 36 years. Among the 93 cases of first time Radio Active Iodine (RAI) therapy, 59 cases (63%) were discharged after 48 hours. Among 39 patients who received RAI therapy second time or more, most were discharged earlier after achieving acceptable discharge dose rate i.e 25 µSv/hour; 2 out of 39 (5%) were discharged after 48 hours. In 58% patients, given single I-131 therapy dose, majority of these were discharged after 48 hours without any major complications. For well differentiated thyroid cancer patients, rapid dose rate reduction is seen in patients receiving second or subsequent radioiodine (RAI) therapy, as compared to first time receiving RAI therapy.

  8. Estimating the impact from Fukushima in Southern Spain by 131I and Accelerator Mass Spectrometry detection of 129I.

    PubMed

    Gómez-Guzmán, J M; López-Gutiérrez, J M; García-Tenorio, R; Agulló, L; Peruchena, J I; Manjón, G; García-León, M

    2017-01-01

    After the Fukushima accident, large amounts of radionuclides were discharged to the atmosphere. Some of them travelled long distances and were detected in places as far from Japan as Spain a few days after the accident. One of these radionuclides was 131 I. Its isotope 129 I (T1/2 = 15.7 × 106 years) was also expected to follow the same pathway. In this work, we present the results for the 129 I concentration in the same atmospheric samples from Seville (Spain) where 131 I activity was measured in 2011 by Baeza et al. (2012). 129 I concentrations in aerosol and gaseous samples showed concentrations in the order of 104 and 105 atoms/m 3 , typically higher in the gaseous form with respect to the aerosol form. Also 129 I in rainwater was measured, showing concentrations in the order of 10 8  atoms/L. The results show a very good agreement with the 131 I profile, showing that, if background from other sources is not relevant, it is possible to estimate the impact of similar events years after them thanks to the sensitivity of techniques like Accelerator Mass Spectrometry. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  9. Prediction of thyroidal 131I effective half-life in patients with Graves' disease.

    PubMed

    Zhang, Ruiguo; Zhang, Guizhi; Wang, Renfei; Tan, Jian; He, Yajing; Meng, Zhaowei

    2017-10-06

    Calculation of effective thyroidal half-life (Teff) of iodine-131( 131 I) is cumbersome and tedious. The aim of this study was to investigate factors that could be used to predict Teff and to develop a Teff prediction model in Graves' disease patients. A total of 256 patients with GD were involved in this study. We investigated the influences of age, gender, disease duration, thyroid weight, antithyroid drugs, antithyroid drugs discontinuation period (ADP), thyroid function indexes, thyroid autoantibodies, thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor antibody (TRAb) level and radioactive iodine uptake (RAIU) values before 131 I therapy on Teff, applying univariate and multivariate analyses. Teff correlated negatively with thyroid peroxidase antibody, TRAb and thyroid weight, as well as positively with 24-hour, 48-hour, and 72-hour RAIU. Additionally, a longer ADP (especially≥ 14d) or without antithyroid drugs before 131 I therapy led to a longer Teff. Stepwise multiple linear regression analysis showed that 24-hour and 72-hour RAIU were statistically significant predictors of Teff ( P <0.001). The relationship was: predictive Teff=5.277+0.295×72-hour RAIU-0.217×24-hour RAIU (r =0.865, P < 0.001). The present results indicate that prediction of Teff from 24-hour and 72-hour RAIU is feasible in patients with Graves' disease, with high prediction accuracy.

  10. Cancer risk in population examined with diagnostic doses of /sup 131/I

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Holm, L.E.; Wiklund, K.E.; Lundell, G.E.

    1989-02-15

    Previously, we conducted a study of 35,074 patients receiving diagnostic doses of 131I for suspected thyroid disorders between 1951 and 1969. We reported that, between 1958 and 1984, the incidence of thyroid cancers in these patients was insignificantly greater than the incidence expected in the general population. This increase was attributed to the underlying condition that prompted the examination and not to the administration of 131I. The purpose of the present study was to analyze the total cancer risk in the same cohort of patients examined with diagnostic doses of 131I. To further evaluate the underlying risk of disease inmore » these patients, we compared the incidence of all cancers with that expected in the general population. The average radiation dose was approximately 500 mGy to the thyroid and less than 10 mGy to other organs. In the 35,074 patients, 3,746 cancers occurred following the first 5 years after examination, and the resulting standardized incidence rate (SIR) was 1.01 (95% confidence interval = 0.98-1.04). SIRs were significantly increased for endocrine tumors other than thyroid cancer (1.93) and for lymphomas (1.24), leukemias (1.34), and nervous system tumors (1.19). The risk of leukemia was similar for chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) (SIR = 1.30) and non-CLL (SIR = 1.34). SIR was significantly decreased for cancers of the female genital organs (0.86). The risk for cancer of all sites and types combined was highest 5-9 years after examination (SIR = 1.07) and did not differ from unity thereafter. With greater than or equal to 10 years of follow-up, risk was not statistically associated with the dose of 131I. Overall, the data exclude cancer risk increments greater than 5% (SIR = 1.05) with 95% confidence.« less

  11. Long-term follow-up study of compensated low-dose /sup 131/I therapy for Graves' disease

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Sridama, V.; McCormick, M.; Kaplan, E.L.

    1984-08-16

    We treated 187 patients who had Graves' disease with low-dose radioactive iodide (/sup 131/I), using a protocol that included a compensation for thyroid size. The incidence of early hypothyroidism (12 per cent) was acceptably low in the first year after /sup 131/I treatment, but we found a cumulative high incidence (up to 76 per cent) at the end of the 11th year. In contrast, the incidence of permanent hypothyroidism was relatively stable in 166 surgically treated patients, increasing from 19 to 27 per cent at the end of 11 years. Among 122 medically treated patients, only 40 per cent enteredmore » remission, and hypothyroidism developed in 2 per cent during the same period of follow-up. The long-term incidence of hypothyroidism in our patients treated with low-dose /sup 131/I therapy was much higher than that found in earlier studies using a comparable dose. Our study suggests that it will be difficult to modify therapy with /sup 131/I alone to produce both early control of thyrotoxicosis and a low incidence of hypothyroidism.« less

  12. Biodistribution of Yttrium-90-Labeled Anti-CD45 Antibody in a Nonhuman Primate Model

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Nemecek, Eneida; Hamlin, Donald K.; Fisher, Darrell R.

    2005-01-15

    Radioimmunotherapy may improve the outcome of hematopoietic cell transplantation for hematologic malignancies by delivering targeted radiation to hematopoietic organs while relatively sparing nontarget organs. We evaluated the organ localization of yttrium-90-labeled anti-CD45 (90Y-anti-CD45) antibody in macaques, a model that had previously predicted iodine-131-labeled anti-CD-45 (131I-anti-CD45) antibody biodistribution in humans. Experimental Design: Twelve Macaca nemestrina primates received anti-CD45 antibody labeled with 1 to 2 mCi of 90Y followed by serial blood sampling and marrow and lymph node biopsies, and necropsy. The content of 90Y per gram of tissue was determined by liquid scintillation spectrometry. Time-activity curves were constructed using average isotopemore » concentrations in each tissue at measured time points to yield the fractional residence time and estimate radiation absorbed doses for each organ per unit of administered activity. The biodistribution of 90Y-anti-CD45 antibody was then compared with that previously obtained with 131I-anti-CD45 antibody in macaques. Results: The spleen received 2,120, marrow 1,060, and lymph nodes 315 cGy/mCi of 90Y injected. The liver and lungs were the nontarget organs receiving the highest radiation absorbed doses (440 and 285 cGy/mCi, respectively). Ytrrium-90-labeled anti-CD45 antibody delivered 2.5- and 3.7-fold more radiation to marrow than to liver and lungs, respectively. The ratios previously observed with 131I-antiCD45 antibody were 2.5-and 2.2-fold more radiation to marrow than to liver and lungs, respectively. Conclusions: This study shows that 90Y-anti-CD45 antibody can deliver relatively selective radiation to hematopoietic tissues, with similar ratios of radiation delivered to target versus nontarget organs, as compared with the 131I immunoconjugate in the same animal model.« less

  13. Incidence of hypothyroidism following small doses of /sup 131/I in the treatment of Graves' disease

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    McCullagh, F.P.; Jelden, G.L.; Rodriguez-Antunez, A.

    1976-09-01

    In a group of 147 patients treated with /sup 131/I in doses of 3.0 millicuries or less for Graves' disease, the incidence of hypothyroidism was calculated 10 to 17 years after treatment. This paper emphasizes the frequency of hypothyroidism after treatment with /sup 131/I in small doses, if sufficient time lapse is considered.

  14. A practical method of I-131 thyroid cancer therapy dose optimization using estimated effective renal clearance.

    PubMed

    Howard, Brandon A; James, Olga G; Perkins, Jennifer M; Pagnanelli, Robert A; Borges-Neto, Salvador; Reiman, Robert E

    2017-01-01

    In thyroid cancer patients with renal impairment or other complicating factors, it is important to maximize I-131 therapy efficacy while minimizing bone marrow and lung damage. We developed a web-based calculator based on a modified Benua and Leeper method to calculate the maximum I-131 dose to reduce the risk of these toxicities, based on the effective renal clearance of I-123 as measured from two whole-body I-123 scans, performed at 0 and 24 h post-administration.

  15. Investigation of factors influencing radioiodine (131I) biokinetics in patients with benign thyroid disease using nonlinear mixed effects approach.

    PubMed

    Topić Vučenović, Valentina; Rajkovača, Zvezdana; Jelić, Dijana; Stanimirović, Dragi; Vuleta, Goran; Miljković, Branislava; Vučićević, Katarina

    2018-05-13

    Radioiodine ( 131 I) therapy is the common treatment option for benign thyroid diseases. The objective of this study was to characterize 131 I biokinetics in patients with benign thyroid disease and to investigate and quantify the influence of patients' demographic and clinical characteristics on intra-thyroidal 131 I kinetics by developing a population model. Population pharmacokinetic analysis was performed using a nonlinear mixed effects approach. Data sets of 345 adult patients with benign thyroid disease, retrospectively collected from patients' medical records, were evaluated in the analysis. The two-compartment model of 131 I biokinetics representing the blood compartment and thyroid gland was used as the structural model. Results of the study indicate that the rate constant of the uptake of 131 I into the thyroid (k tu ) is significantly influenced by clinical diagnosis, age, functional thyroid volume, free thyroxine in plasma (fT 4 ), use of anti-thyroid drugs, and time of discontinuation of therapy before administration of the radioiodine (THDT), while the effective half-life of 131 I is affected by the age of the patients. Inclusion of the covariates in the base model resulted in a decrease of the between subject variability for k tu from 91 (3.9) to 53.9 (4.5)%. This is the first population model that accounts for the influence of fT 4 and THDT on radioiodine kinetics. The model could be used for further investigations into the correlation between thyroidal exposure to 131 I and the outcome of radioiodine therapy of benign thyroid disease as well as the development of dosing recommendations.

  16. A phase II study of intraperitoneal radioimmunotherapy with iodine-131-labeled monoclonal antibody OC-125 in patients with residual ovarian carcinoma.

    PubMed

    Mahé, M A; Fumoleau, P; Fabbro, M; Guastalla, J P; Faurous, P; Chauvot, P; Chetanoud, L; Classe, J M; Rouanet, P; Chatal, J F

    1999-10-01

    Standard treatment of advanced ovarian cancer is a combination of surgery and chemotherapy. Additional therapies using the i.p. route are considered as a potential means of improving the locoregional control rate. This Phase II study evaluated the efficacy of i.p. radioimmunotherapy (RIT) in patients with minimal residual ovarian adenocarcinoma after primary treatment with surgery and chemotherapy. Between February 1995 and March 1996, six patients with residual macroscopic (<5 mm) or microscopic disease as demonstrated by laparotomy and multiple biopsies received i.p. RIT. All had initial stage III epithelial carcinoma and were treated with debulking surgery and one line (four patients) or two lines (two patients) of chemotherapy. RIT was performed with 60 mg of OC 125 F(ab')2 monoclonal antibody labeled with 4.44 GBq (120 mCi) of 131I injected 5-10 days after the surgical procedure. Systematic laparoscopy or laparotomy with multiple biopsies performed 3 months after RIT in five patients (clinical progression was seen in one patient) showed no change in three patients and progression in two patients. Toxicity was mainly hematological, with grade III neutropenia and thrombocytopenia in two patients. Human antimouse antibody production was demonstrated in all six patients. This study showed little therapeutic benefit from i.p. RIT in patients with residual ovarian carcinoma.

  17. Role of (18)F-DOPA PET/CT and (131)I-MIBG planar scintigraphy in evaluating patients with pheochromocytoma.

    PubMed

    Bandopadhyaya, G P; Kumar, Abhishek; Kumari, Jyotsana

    2015-01-01

    The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate role of (18)F-DOPA PET/CT and (131)I-MIBG planar scintigraphy in patients with pheochromocytoma. The patients with diagnosis of pheochromocytoma based on radiological and biochemical markers were retrospectively selected for the study. These patients had undergone both (131)I-MIBG scintigraphy and (18)F-DOPA PET/CT. The imaging findings were compared to patient histopathology reports, biochemical markers and clinical follow up whenever available to establish the diagnosis. (131)I-MIBG showed a sensitivity of 68% and specificity of 100%. (18)F-DOPA PET/CT showed a sensitivity of 82% and specificity of 100%. (18)F-DOPA was better at localizing and finding more no of lesions as compared to (131)I-MIBG scintigraphy. (18)F-DOPA also is a better study in evaluation of paragangliomas. (18)F-DOPA PET/CT seems to be a better modality in comparison to (131)I-MIBG scintigraphy in the evaluation of pheochromocytoma/paraganglioma. At this point both these tracers seem to have mutually additive role in these patients and essential investigations with diagnosis and follow-up of this disease.

  18. Arterial spin-labeling assessment of normalized vascular intratumoral signal intensity as a predictor of histologic grade of astrocytic neoplasms.

    PubMed

    Furtner, J; Schöpf, V; Schewzow, K; Kasprian, G; Weber, M; Woitek, R; Asenbaum, U; Preusser, M; Marosi, C; Hainfellner, J A; Widhalm, G; Wolfsberger, S; Prayer, D

    2014-03-01

    Pulsed arterial spin-labeling is a noninvasive MR imaging perfusion method performed with the use of water in the arterial blood as an endogenous contrast agent. The purpose of this study was to determine the inversion time with the largest difference in normalized intratumoral signal intensity between high-grade and low-grade astrocytomas. Thirty-three patients with gliomas, histologically classified as low-grade (n = 7) or high-grade astrocytomas (n = 26) according to the World Health Organization brain tumor classification, were included. A 3T MR scanner was used to perform pulsed arterial spin-labeling measurements at 8 different inversion times (370 ms, 614 ms, 864 ms, 1114 ms, 1364 ms, 1614 ms, 1864 ms, and 2114 ms). Normalized intratumoral signal intensity was calculated, which was defined by the signal intensity ratio of the tumor and the contralateral normal brain tissue for all fixed inversion times. A 3-way mixed ANOVA was used to reveal potential differences in the normalized vascular intratumoral signal intensity between high-grade and low-grade astrocytomas. The difference in normalized vascular intratumoral signal intensity between high-grade and low-grade astrocytomas obtained the most statistically significant results at 370 ms (P = .003, other P values ranged from .012-.955). The inversion time by which to differentiate high-grade and low-grade astrocytomas by use of normalized vascular intratumoral signal intensity was 370 ms in our study. The normalized vascular intratumoral signal intensity values at this inversion time mainly reflect the labeled intra-arterial blood bolus and therefore could be referred to as normalized vascular intratumoral signal intensity. Our data indicate that the use of normalized vascular intratumoral signal intensity values allows differentiation between low-grade and high-grade astrocytomas and thus may serve as a new, noninvasive marker for astrocytoma grading.

  19. Values of (99m)Tc-methoxyisobutylisonitrile imaging after first-time large-dose (131)I therapy in treating differentiated thyroid cancer.

    PubMed

    Pan, Xiaomei; Duan, Dong; Zhu, Yuquan; Pang, Hua; Guan, Lili; Lv, Zhixiang

    2016-01-01

    The aim of this study is to investigate the use of (99m)Tc-methoxyisobutylisonitrile (MIBI) imaging for evaluating the treatment response of differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) after the first administration of a high dose of (131)I. Patients with DTC who received (131)I therapy underwent (99m)Tc-MIBI imaging after successive increases in the therapeutic dose of (131)I, and the serum levels of thyroglobulin (Tg) were measured. A total of 191 patients were enrolled in the final analysis, including 65 metastases and/or thyroid remnant-positive patients (22 patients with metastases and 43 patients with thyroid remnants). The sensitivity of (99m)Tc-MIBI imaging for detecting positive cases and thyroid remnants was 56.9% and 39.5%, respectively, which was significantly lower than that of (131)I imaging (92.3% and 100%, respectively, P<0.01 for both). The sensitivity of (99m)Tc-MIBI imaging for detecting metastases was 90.9%, which was slightly higher than that of (131)I imaging (77.3%, P>0.05). The Tg levels in the positive group were significantly higher than that in the negative group (P<0.01). In addition, the Tg levels in the (99m)Tc-MIBI(+)/(131)I(-) group were significantly higher than that in the (131)I(+)/(99m)Tc-MIBI group (P<0.05). After the first (131)I therapy, although (99m)Tc-MIBI imaging was able to detect the existence of metastatic lesions in patients with DTC better, its assessment for the removal efficiency of thyroid remnants was unsatisfactory. The results of (99m)Tc-MIBI imaging showed good correlations with the Tg level.

  20. Contamination by I-131 from Fall-out. Report No. 75; CONTAMINACION POR I$sup 131$ DEBIDA AL FALL-OUT. INFORME NO. 75

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Benninson, D.; Ramos, E.

    1962-01-01

    The mean levels of I/sup 131/ in the milk of Buenos Aires from the last of April to the last of July 1962 were determined, and the significance of the results was discussed. The results showed that from May 16 to the first days of July there was a detectable iodine activity in the milk. An estimation was made of the thyroid dose received at different ages from the milk contamination. (J.S.R.)

  1. Thyroid ultrasound abnormalities in persons exposed during childhood to 131I from the Hanford nuclear site.

    PubMed

    Kopecky, Kenneth J; Onstad, Lynn; Hamilton, Thomas E; Davis, Scott

    2005-06-01

    Approximately 740,000 Ci of 131I were released into the atmosphere from the Hanford Nuclear Site in Washington State during 1944-1957. The Hanford Thyroid Disease Study (HTDS), conducted to determine if thyroid disease is increased among persons exposed as children to that 131I, also investigated whether thyroid ultrasound (US) abnormalities might be increased. The HTDS cohort (n = 5199) was selected from 1940-1946 births to mothers with usual residence in seven Washington counties. Of these, 4350 were located alive, 3447 attended HTDS clinics (1992-1997), and 3440 (1747 females) had evaluable clinical results and sufficient data to characterize their Hanford 131I exposures. US abnormalities were observed in 55.5% of women and 37.4% of men. Thyroid radiation doses from Hanford 131I, which could be estimated for 3191 evaluable participants, ranged from 0.0029 to 2823 mGy (mean, 174 mGy). Estimated dose was not significantly associated with the prevalence of any US abnormality (p = 0.21), US nodules with maximum dimension 5 mm or more (p = 0.64), or average number of US nodules per person (p = 0.80 for nodules with maximum dimension 5 mm or more). These results remained unchanged after accounting for factors that might confound or modify dose-response relationships and for uncertainty of the dose estimates. This study does not support the hypothesis that 131I exposure at Hanford's dose levels and dose rates during infancy and childhood increases the prevalence of adult thyroid US abnormalities.

  2. Analysis of 129I in the soils of Fukushima Prefecture: preliminary reconstruction of 131I deposition related to the accident at Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant (FDNPP).

    PubMed

    Muramatsu, Yasuyuki; Matsuzaki, Hiroyuki; Toyama, Chiaki; Ohno, Takeshi

    2015-01-01

    Iodine-131 is one of the most critical radionuclides to be monitored after release from reactor accidents due to the tendency for this nuclide to accumulate in the human thyroid gland. However, there are not enough data related to the reactor accident in Fukushima, Japan to provide regional information on the deposition of this short-lived nuclide (half-life = 8.02 d). In this study we have focused on the long-lived iodine isotope, (129)I (half-life of 1.57 × 10(7) y), and analyzed it by accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) for surface soil samples collected at various locations in Fukushima Prefecture. In order to obtain information on the (131)I/(129)I ratio released from the accident, we have determined (129)I concentrations in 82 soil samples in which (131)I concentrations were previously determined. There was a strong correlation (R(2) = 0.84) between the two nuclides, suggesting that the (131)I levels in soil samples following the accident can be estimated through the analysis of (129)I. We have also examined the possible influence from (129m)Te on (129)I, and found no significant effect. In order to construct a deposition map of (131)I, we determined the (129)I concentrations (Bq/kg) in 388 soil samples collected from different locations in Fukushima Prefecture and the deposition densities (Bq/m(2)) of (131)I were reconstructed from the results. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  3. Radiolabeling of new generation magnetic poly(HEMA-MAPA) nanoparticles with (131) I and preliminary investigation of its radiopharmaceutical potential using albino Wistar rats.

    PubMed

    Avcıbaşı, Uğur; Demiroğlu, Hasan; Ediz, Melis; Akalın, Hilmi Arkut; Özçalışkan, Emir; Şenay, Hilal; Türkcan, Ceren; Özcan, Yeşim; Akgöl, Sinan; Avcıbaşı, Nesibe

    2013-12-01

    In this study, N-methacryloyl-l-phenylalanine (MAPA) containing poly(2-hydroxyethylmethacrylate) (HEMA)-based magnetic poly(HEMA-MAPA) nanobeads [mag-poly(HEMA-MAPA)] were radiolabeled with (131) I [(131) I-mag-poly(HEMA-MAPA)], and the radiopharmaceutical potential of (131) I-mag-poly(HEMA-MAPA) was investigated. Quality control studies were carried out by radiochromatographic method to be sure that (131) I binded to mag-poly(HEMA-MAPA) efficiently. In this sense, binding yield of (131) I-mag-poly(HEMA-MAPA) was found to be about 95-100%. In addition to this, optimum radiodination conditions for (131) I-mag-poly(HEMA-MAPA) were determined by thin-layer radiochromatography studies. In addition to thin-layer radiochromatography studies, lipophilicity (partition coefficient) and stability studies for (131) I-mag-poly(HEMA-MAPA) were realized. It was determined that lipophilicities of mag-poly(HEMA-MAPA) and (131) I-mag-poly(HEMA-MAPA) were 0.12 ± 0.01 and 1.79 ± 0.76 according to ACD/logP algorithm program, respectively. Stability of the radiolabeled compound was investigated in time intervals given as 0, 30, 60, 180, and 1440 min. It was found that (131) I-mag-poly(HEMA-MAPA) existed as a stable complex in rat serum within 60 min. After that, biodistribution and scintigraphy studies were carried out by using albino Wistar rats. It was determined that the most important (131) I activity uptake was observed in the breast, the ovary, and the pancreas. Scintigraphy studies well supported biodistribution results. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

  4. Estimated dose rates to members of the public from external exposure to patients with 131I thyroid treatment

    DOE PAGES

    Dewji, S.; Bellamy, M.; Hertel, N.; ...

    2015-03-25

    The purpose of this study is to estimate dose rates that may result from exposure to patients who had been administered iodine-131 ( 131I) as part of medical therapy were calculated. These effective dose rate estimates were compared with simplified assumptions under United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission Regulatory Guide 8.39, which does not consider body tissue attenuation nor time-dependent redistribution and excretion of the administered 131I. Methods: Dose rates were estimated for members of the public potentially exposed to external irradiation from patients recently treated with 131I. Tissue attenuation and iodine biokinetics were considered in the patient in a largermore » comprehensive effort to improve external dose rate estimates. The external dose rate estimates are based on Monte Carlo simulations using the Phantom with Movable Arms and Legs (PIMAL), previously developed by Oak Ridge National Laboratory and the United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission. PIMAL was employed to model the relative positions of the 131I patient and members of the public in three exposure scenarios: (1) traveling on a bus in a total of six seated or standing permutations, (2) two nursing home cases where a caregiver is seated at 30 cm from the patient’s bedside and a nursing home resident seated 250 cm away from the patient in an adjacent bed, and (3) two hotel cases where the patient and a guest are in adjacent rooms with beds on opposite sides of the common wall, with the patient and guest both in bed and either seated back-to-back or lying head to head. The biokinetic model predictions of the retention and distribution of 131I in the patient assumed a single voiding of urinary bladder contents that occurred during the trip at 2, 4, or 8 h after 131I administration for the public transportation cases, continuous first-order voiding for the nursing home cases, and regular periodic voiding at 4, 8, or 12 h after administration for the hotel room cases. Organ

  5. Estimated dose rates to members of the public from external exposure to patients with 131I thyroid treatment

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Dewji, S.; Bellamy, M.; Hertel, N.

    The purpose of this study is to estimate dose rates that may result from exposure to patients who had been administered iodine-131 ( 131I) as part of medical therapy were calculated. These effective dose rate estimates were compared with simplified assumptions under United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission Regulatory Guide 8.39, which does not consider body tissue attenuation nor time-dependent redistribution and excretion of the administered 131I. Methods: Dose rates were estimated for members of the public potentially exposed to external irradiation from patients recently treated with 131I. Tissue attenuation and iodine biokinetics were considered in the patient in a largermore » comprehensive effort to improve external dose rate estimates. The external dose rate estimates are based on Monte Carlo simulations using the Phantom with Movable Arms and Legs (PIMAL), previously developed by Oak Ridge National Laboratory and the United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission. PIMAL was employed to model the relative positions of the 131I patient and members of the public in three exposure scenarios: (1) traveling on a bus in a total of six seated or standing permutations, (2) two nursing home cases where a caregiver is seated at 30 cm from the patient’s bedside and a nursing home resident seated 250 cm away from the patient in an adjacent bed, and (3) two hotel cases where the patient and a guest are in adjacent rooms with beds on opposite sides of the common wall, with the patient and guest both in bed and either seated back-to-back or lying head to head. The biokinetic model predictions of the retention and distribution of 131I in the patient assumed a single voiding of urinary bladder contents that occurred during the trip at 2, 4, or 8 h after 131I administration for the public transportation cases, continuous first-order voiding for the nursing home cases, and regular periodic voiding at 4, 8, or 12 h after administration for the hotel room cases. Organ

  6. Feasibility of Administering High-Dose 131I-MIBG Therapy to Children with High-Risk Neuroblastoma without Lead-Lined Rooms

    PubMed Central

    Chu, Bae P.; Horan, Christopher; Basu, Ellen; Dauer, Lawrence; Williamson, Matthew; Carrasquillo, Jorge A.; Pandit-Taskar, Neeta; Modak, Shakeel

    2015-01-01

    Background Although 131I-metaiodobenzylguanidine therapy (131I-MIBG) is increasingly used for children with high-risk neuroblastoma, a paucity of lead-lined rooms limits its wider use. We implemented radiation safety procedures to comply with New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene regulations for therapeutic radioisotopes and administered 131I-MIBG using rolling lead shields. Procedure Patients received 0.67GBq (18mCi)/kg/dose 131I-MIBG on an IRB-approved protocol (NCT00107289). Radiation safety procedures included private room with installation of rolling lead shields to maintain area dose rates ≤0.02mSv/h outside the room, patient isolation until dose rate <0.07mSv/h at 1m and retention of a urinary catheter with collection of urine in lead boxes. Parents were permitted in the patient’s room behind lead shields, trained in radiation safety principles and given real-time radiation monitors. Results Records on 16 131I-MIBG infusions among 10 patients (age 2–11 years) were reviewed. Mean ± standard deviation 131I-MIBG administered was 17.67±11.14 (range: 6.11–40.59) GBq. Mean maximum dose rates outside treatment rooms were 0.013±0.008 mSv/hr. Median time-to-discharge was 3 days post-131I-MIBG. Exposure of medical staff and parents was below regulatory limits. Cumulative whole-body dose received by the physician, nurse and radiation safety officer during treatment was 0.098±0.058, 0.056±0.045, 0.055±0.050 mSv respectively. Cumulative exposure to parents was 0.978±0.579mSv. Estimated annual radiation exposure for inpatient nurses was 0.096±0.034mSv/nurse. Thyroid bioassay scans on all medical personnel were 131I-MIBG and may broaden its use without dedicated lead-lined rooms. PMID:26773712

  7. Estimation of Rapidly Exchangeable Cellular Thyroxine from the Plasma Disappearance Curves of Simultaneously Administered Thyroxine-131I and Albumin-125I*

    PubMed Central

    Oppenheimer, Jack H.; Bernstein, Gerald; Hasen, Julian

    1967-01-01

    A mathematical analysis of the plasma disappearance curves of simultaneously injected thyroxine-131I and albumin-125I allows the development of simple formulas for estimating the pool size and transfer kinetics of rapidly exchangeable intracellular thyroxine in man. Evidence is presented that the early distribution kinetics of albumin-125I can be used to represent the expansion of the thyroxine-131I-plasma protein complex into the extracellular compartment. Calculations indicate that approximately 37% of total body extrathyroidal thyroxine is within such exchangeable tissue stores. The average cellular clearance of thyroxine is 42.7 ml per minute, a value far in excess of the metabolic clearance of this hormone. Results of external measurements over the hepatic area and studies involving hepatic biopsies indicate that the liver is an important but probably not the exclusive component of the intracellular compartment. The partition of thyroxine between cellular and extracellular compartments is determined by the balance of tissue and plasma protein binding factors. The fractional transfer constants are inversely related to the strength of binding of each compartment and directly proportional to the permeability characteristic of the hypothetical membrane separating compartments. Appropriate numerical values for these factors are assigned. An increased fractional entrance of thyroxine-131I into the cellular compartment was noted in a patient with congenital decrease in the maximal binding capacity of thyroxine-binding globulin and in three patients after the infusion of 5,5-diphenylhydantoin. Decreased intracellular space and impaired permeability characteristics were observed in five patients with hepatic disease. Studies of the rate of entrance of thyroxine-131I and albumin-125I into the pleural effusion of a patient with congestive heart failure suggested that transcapillary passage of thyroxine independent of its binding protein is not a predominant factor in the

  8. Radioactive iodide (131 I-) excretion profiles in response to potassium iodide (KI) and ammonium perchlorate (NH4ClO4) prophylaxis.

    PubMed

    Harris, Curtis; Dallas, Cham; Rollor, Edward; White, Catherine; Blount, Benjamin; Valentin-Blasini, Liza; Fisher, Jeffrey

    2012-08-01

    Radioactive iodide ((131)I-) protection studies have focused primarily on the thyroid gland and disturbances in the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis. The objective of the current study was to establish (131)I- urinary excretion profiles for saline, and the thyroid protectants, potassium iodide (KI) and ammonium perchlorate over a 75 hour time-course. Rats were administered (131)I- and 3 hours later dosed with either saline, 30 mg/kg of NH(4)ClO(4) or 30 mg/kg of KI. Urinalysis of the first 36 hours of the time-course revealed that NH(4)ClO(4) treated animals excreted significantly more (131)I- compared with KI and saline treatments. A second study followed the same protocol, but thyroxine (T(4)) was administered daily over a 3 day period. During the first 6-12 hour after (131)I- dosing, rats administered NH(4)ClO(4) excreted significantly more (131)I- than the other treatment groups. T(4) treatment resulted in increased retention of radioiodide in the thyroid gland 75 hour after (131)I- administration. We speculate that the T(4) treatment related reduction in serum TSH caused a decrease synthesis and secretion of thyroid hormones resulting in greater residual radioiodide in the thyroid gland. Our findings suggest that ammonium perchlorate treatment accelerates the elimination rate of radioiodide within the first 24 to 36 hours and thus may be more effective at reducing harmful exposure to (131)I- compared to KI treatment for repeated dosing situations. Repeated dosing studies are needed to compare the effectiveness of these treatments to reduce the radioactive iodide burden of the thyroid gland.

  9. (131)I therapy in patients with benign thyroid disease does not conclusively lead to a higher risk of subsequent malignancies.

    PubMed

    Verburg, F A; Luster, M; Lassmann, M; Reiners, C

    2011-01-01

    Due to its excellent tolerability and low incidence of side effects, 131I therapy has been the treatment of choice for benign thyroid diseases for over 60 years. A potentially increased risk of malignancies due to this therapy is however still subject of debate. To review the literature pertaining to 131I therapy of benign thyroid diseases in order to establish whether there is an increased incidence of, or increased mortality due to malignancies of the thyroid or other organs. In order to allow for sufficient long-term follow-up time after 131I therapy, only literature after 1990 was reviewed. Two criteria were applied to consider an increased incidence of malignancies linked to 131I therapy: a) there should be a latency period of at least 5 years between 131I therapy and the observation of an increased risk b) an elevated risk should increase with increasing radiation exposure. A total of 7 studies reporting cancer incidence and / or mortality in 4 different patient collectives spanning a total of 54510 patients over an observation period varying from 2-49 years were found. Although some studies detected a slightly increased risk for malignancies of the thyroid or the digestive system, others did not find these effects - while other studies even reported a slightly lower risk of malignant (thyroid) disease after 131I therapy for benign thyroid diseases. As over 60 years of experience has thus far failed to produce conclusive evidence to the contrary, it can be concluded that there is no increased risk of malignancies after 131I therapy for benign thyroid disease.

  10. Septal penetration correction in I-131 imaging following thyroid cancer treatment

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Barrack, Fiona; Scuffham, James; McQuaid, Sarah

    2018-04-01

    Whole body gamma camera images acquired after I-131 treatment for thyroid cancer can suffer from collimator septal penetration artefacts because of the high energy of the gamma photons. This results in the appearance of ‘spoke’ artefacts, emanating from regions of high activity concentration, caused by the non-isotropic attenuation of the collimator. Deconvolution has the potential to reduce such artefacts, by taking into account the non-Gaussian point-spread-function (PSF) of the system. A Richardson–Lucy deconvolution algorithm, with and without prior scatter-correction was tested as a method of reducing septal penetration in planar gamma camera images. Phantom images (hot spheres within a warm background) were acquired and deconvolution using a measured PSF was applied. The results were evaluated through region-of-interest and line profile analysis to determine the success of artefact reduction and the optimal number of deconvolution iterations and damping parameter (λ). Without scatter-correction, the optimal results were obtained with 15 iterations and λ  =  0.01, with the counts in the spokes reduced to 20% of the original value, indicating a substantial decrease in their prominence. When a triple-energy-window scatter-correction was applied prior to deconvolution, the optimal results were obtained with six iterations and λ  =  0.02, which reduced the spoke counts to 3% of the original value. The prior application of scatter-correction therefore produced the best results, with a marked change in the appearance of the images. The optimal settings were then applied to six patient datasets, to demonstrate its utility in the clinical setting. In all datasets, spoke artefacts were substantially reduced after the application of scatter-correction and deconvolution, with the mean spoke count being reduced to 10% of the original value. This indicates that deconvolution is a promising technique for septal penetration artefact reduction that

  11. Asymptomatic solitary cerebral metastasis from papillary carcinoma thyroid: 131I SPECT/CT for accurate staging.

    PubMed

    Jain, Tarun Kumar; Karunanithi, Sellam; Sharma, Punit; Vijay, Maneesh Kumar; Ballal, Sanjana; Bal, Chandrasekhar

    2014-11-01

    Isolated asymptomatic brain metastasis in papillary carcinoma thyroid (PCT) is extremely rare. We here present such a case of a 48-year-old woman with PCT. SPECT/CT localized the 131I radiotracer concentration seen on whole-body scan in this patient to the right posterior parietal cortex, suggesting brain metastasis. Contrast-enhanced MRI and 18F-FDG PET/CT confirmed the diagnosis and the patient was taken for gamma-knife radiosurgery. 131I SPECT/CT in this case accurately restaged the patient by detecting asymptomatic isolated brain metastasis and correctly directed the management strategy.

  12. Estimated dose rates to members of the public from external exposure to patients with {sup 131}I thyroid treatment

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Dewji, S., E-mail: dewjisa@ornl.gov; Bellamy, M.; Leggett, R.

    Purpose: Estimated dose rates that may result from exposure to patients who had been administered iodine-131 ({sup 131}I) as part of medical therapy were calculated. These effective dose rate estimates were compared with simplified assumptions under United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission Regulatory Guide 8.39, which does not consider body tissue attenuation nor time-dependent redistribution and excretion of the administered {sup 131}I. Methods: Dose rates were estimated for members of the public potentially exposed to external irradiation from patients recently treated with {sup 131}I. Tissue attenuation and iodine biokinetics were considered in the patient in a larger comprehensive effort to improvemore » external dose rate estimates. The external dose rate estimates are based on Monte Carlo simulations using the Phantom with Movable Arms and Legs (PIMAL), previously developed by Oak Ridge National Laboratory and the United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission. PIMAL was employed to model the relative positions of the {sup 131}I patient and members of the public in three exposure scenarios: (1) traveling on a bus in a total of six seated or standing permutations, (2) two nursing home cases where a caregiver is seated at 30 cm from the patient’s bedside and a nursing home resident seated 250 cm away from the patient in an adjacent bed, and (3) two hotel cases where the patient and a guest are in adjacent rooms with beds on opposite sides of the common wall, with the patient and guest both in bed and either seated back-to-back or lying head to head. The biokinetic model predictions of the retention and distribution of {sup 131}I in the patient assumed a single voiding of urinary bladder contents that occurred during the trip at 2, 4, or 8 h after {sup 131}I administration for the public transportation cases, continuous first-order voiding for the nursing home cases, and regular periodic voiding at 4, 8, or 12 h after administration for the hotel room cases

  13. The use of Whatman-31ET paper for an efficient method for radiochemical purity test of 131I-Hippuran

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Rezka Putra, Amal; Maskur; Sugiharto, Yono; Chairuman; Hardi Gunawan, Adang; Awaludin, Rohadi

    2018-01-01

    Current chromatography methods used for radiochemical purity test of 131I-Hippuran is time consuming. Therefore, in this study we explored several static and mobile phases in order to have a chromatography method which is accurate and efficient or less time consuming. In this study, stationary phases (Whatman-1, 31ET, and 3MM papers) and several mobile phases were explored to separate 131I-Hippuran from its impurity (131I iodide ion). The results of this study showed that the most efficient chromatography system for measurement of radiochemical purity of 131I-Hippuran was by using Whatman-31ET paper and n-butanol: acetic acid: water (4:1:1) as a static phase and mobile phase respectively. Developing time for this method was of approximately 75.7 ± 2.7 minutes. The result of radiochemical purity (%RCP) of 131I-Hippuran measured with this chromatography system either using Whatman-1 or Whatman-31ET paper strips was 98.7%. The short size of Whatman-31ET paper strip (1 x 8 cm) was found to have shorter developing time compared to that of long size paper. This system showed a good separation of 131I-Hippuran from its impurities and gave %RCP of 98.1% ± 0.04% with developing time approximately 44.3 ± 9.4 minutes. The short size of Whatman-31ET paper strips was found to be more efficient compared to that of Whatman-1 and Whatman-3MM paper strips in term of developing time.

  14. LATE RESULTS OF I$sup 131$ TREATMENT OF HYPERTHYROIDISM IN SEVENTY-THREE CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Starr, P.; Jaffe, H.L.; Oettinger, L. Jr.

    1964-02-01

    Seventy-three children and adolescents ranging in age from 28 months to 18 years were treated with radioiodine for hyperthyroidism. Hypothyroidism is known to have developed some time after therapy in 43 of the 71 living cases, and only 12 others maintained normal thyroid capacity without exogenous thyroid hormone. A nodule was found after therapy in five cases; one girl, on whom a subtotal thyroidectomy was performed before the first isotope therapy was completed, was found to have a hot nodule seven and one half years post-surgery; a second dose of 10 McI/sup 131/ was given, with regression of the nodulemore » and thyrotoxicosis. A nodule, in one case, remaining after shrinkage of a large gland by I/sup 131/ treatment was diagnosed at the time of surgery 2 years and 3 months after isotope administration as papillary adenocarcinoma. It has not recurred in the 51/2 years since this surgery. Neither of the two deaths which occurred in less than one year after treatment is attributable to the I/sup 131/ therapy. Three children were subjected to subtotal thyroidectomy after incomplete I/sup 131/ treatment; one of these died of surgical shock. Hyperthyroidism was controlled in all the cases adequately treated, even though repeated administration was required in some cases. The growth and development of these patients, particularly those less than 11 years of age, was normal. A total of 31 healthy normal children has been born to 20 of the adolescents reported in this series. No abnormal children were produced, although one pregnancy (of the wife of one of our patients) if completed, would have resulted in Siamese twins. There were no deaths attributable to the I/sup 131/ treatment of hyperthyroidism; nor is there any evidence of parathyroid gland deficiency, laryngeal cord paralysis, or blood dyscrasia, and there is no case, including the malignant nodule found in one case, of thyroid cancer that is attributable to this internal radiation therapy. (auth)« less

  15. Effect of 131I on the anemia of hyperthyroidism

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Perlman, J.A.; Sternthal, P.M.

    1983-01-01

    Data from the National Thyrotoxicosis Therapy Follow-Up Study (NTTFS) are presented here to document the existence of anemia in hyperthyroidism, a mild and reversible anemia that is simultaneously ameliorated with reversal of the hyperthyroid state. Among 20,600 women entered into the NTTF study with no previous history of hematological disorders, the prevalence of anemia was found to range from 10-15%, appearing to be higher in those selected for treatment with 131I when compared to those selected for surgery. An attempt is made to verify the recent hypothesis that thyroid hormone levels in the supraphysiologic range may suppress erythrogenesis. Two statisticallymore » significant regression models are consistent with a hypothesis of thyrotoxic bone marrow suppression. However, both associations are weak enough to suggest that some other physiologic improvement underlies the amelioration of anemia when hyperthyroidism is reversed. The degree of improvement in hematological status is similar for women in both treatment groups. Among 4464 women for whom serial hematological tests are obtained, over 3/4 of anemic patients are no longer anemic after an average 6.2 yr of follow-up. Clinicians are reassured that radioactive iodine exposure causes no further insult to the bone marrow, no matter what the cumulative dosage. The highly fractionated low dose bone marrow exposures to radiation account for the minimal hematological risks of 131I treatment.« less

  16. Individualized 131I-mIBG therapy in the management of refractory and relapsed neuroblastoma.

    PubMed

    George, Sally L; Falzone, Nadia; Chittenden, Sarah; Kirk, Stephanie J; Lancaster, Donna; Vaidya, Sucheta J; Mandeville, Henry; Saran, Frank; Pearson, Andrew D J; Du, Yong; Meller, Simon T; Denis-Bacelar, Ana M; Flux, Glenn D

    2016-05-01

    Iodine-131-labelled meta-iodobenzylguanidine (I-mIBG) therapy is an established treatment modality for relapsed/refractory neuroblastoma, most frequently administered according to fixed or weight-based criteria. We evaluate response and toxicity following a dosimetry-based, individualized approach. A review of 44 treatments in 25 patients treated with I-mIBG therapy was performed. Patients received I-mIBG therapy following relapse (n=9), in refractory disease (n=12), or with surgically unresectable disease despite conventional treatment (n=4). Treatment schedule (including mIBG dose and number of administrations) was individualized according to the clinical status of the patient and dosimetry data from either a tracer study or previous administrations. Three-dimensional tumour dosimetry was also performed for eight patients. The mean administered activity was 11089±7222 MBq and the mean whole-body dose for a single administration was 1.79±0.57 Gy. Tumour-absorbed doses varied considerably (3.70±3.37 mGy/MBq). CTCAE grade 3/4 neutropenia was documented following 82% treatments and grade 3/4 thrombocytopenia following 71% treatments. Further acute toxicity was found in 49% of patients. All acute toxicities resolved with appropriate therapy. The overall response rate was 58% (complete or partial response), with a further 29% of patients having stable disease. A highly personalized approach combining patient-specific dosimetry and clinical judgement enables delivery of high activities that can be tolerated by patients, particularly with stem cell support. We report excellent response rates and acceptable toxicity following individualized I-mIBG therapy.

  17. Testing prediction capabilities of an 131I terrestrial transport model by using measurements collected at the Hanford nuclear facility.

    PubMed

    Apostoaei, A Iulian

    2005-05-01

    A model describing transport of 131I in the environment was developed by SENES Oak Ridge, Inc., for assessment of radiation doses and excess lifetime risk from 131I atmospheric releases from Oak Ridge Reservation in Oak Ridge, Tennessee, and from Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory in southeast Idaho. This paper describes the results of an exercise designed to test the reliability of this model and to identify the main sources of uncertainty in doses and risks estimated by this model. The testing of the model was based on materials published by the International Atomic Energy Agency BIOMASS program, specifically environmental data collected after the release into atmosphere of 63 curies of 131I during 2-5 September 1963, after an accident at the Hanford PUREX Chemical Separations Plant, in Hanford, Washington. Measurements of activity in air, vegetation, and milk were collected in nine counties around Hanford during the first couple of months after the accident. The activity of 131I in the thyroid glands of two children was measured 47 d after the accident. The model developed by SENES Oak Ridge, Inc., was used to estimate concentrations of 131I in environmental media, thyroid doses for the general population, and the activity of 131I in thyroid glands of the two children. Predicted concentrations of 131I in pasture grass and milk and thyroid doses were compared with similar estimates produced by other modelers. The SENES model was also used to estimate excess lifetime risk of thyroid cancer due to the September 1963 releases of 131I from Hanford. The SENES model was first calibrated and then applied to all locations of interest around Hanford without fitting the model parameters to a given location. Predictions showed that the SENES model reproduces satisfactorily the time-dependent and the time-integrated measured concentrations in vegetation and milk, and provides reliable estimates of 131I activity in thyroids of children. SENES model

  18. Industrial production of 131I by neutron irradiation and melting of sintered TeO2

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Alanis, Jose; Navarrete, Manuel

    2001-07-01

    Optimal conditions of temperature and reaction rate have been settled to produce high purity TeO2 by the chemical reaction between Te and HNO3. Also, heating and time conditions for sintering this product have been found, in order to create cavities in the crystal inside, where a gaseous element such as iodine can be adsorbed with minimal leaking. In this way it is fabricated a suitable target to be irradiated with thermal neutrons for obtaining 131Te(t1/2=24.8 m) and 131mTe(t1/2=30 h) by (n, γ) nuclear reactions. Irradiation time has been chosen to get 131Te saturation activity (ti=150 m) because much longer irradiation times do not increase significantly total activity. Since parents 131Te and 131mTe have shorter half life than daughter 131I(t1/2=8.05 d) optimal cooling time must permit daughter activity to grow up till a maximum (tc=4d). Then, sintered cylinder shaped radioactive sample is manipulated in a hot cell, transported and put on a quartz tray, keeping Health Physics regulations. The quartz tray is inside a small electric oven enclosed in an airtight box with negative pressure (water 0.5 cm). There, it is gradually heated till melting point (733 °C). From 400 °C on, vapors are pumped out and bubbled in two solutions: one is 0.1 M NaOH, which retains nearly 99.9% of pumped 131I. Other is 0.02 M Na2CO3 (60%) plus 0.0025 M NaHCO3 (40%), which retains the remaining sample residue. Air filtering is accomplished by activated carbon and alumina filters in the inflow, glass wool fiber before bubbling, and activated carbon again in the outflow.

  19. Development and evaluation of a model-based downscatter compensation method for quantitative I-131 SPECT

    PubMed Central

    Song, Na; Du, Yong; He, Bin; Frey, Eric C.

    2011-01-01

    Purpose: The radionuclide 131I has found widespread use in targeted radionuclide therapy (TRT), partly due to the fact that it emits photons that can be imaged to perform treatment planning or posttherapy dose verification as well as beta rays that are suitable for therapy. In both the treatment planning and dose verification applications, it is necessary to estimate the activity distribution in organs or tumors at several time points. In vivo estimates of the 131I activity distribution at each time point can be obtained from quantitative single-photon emission computed tomography (QSPECT) images and organ activity estimates can be obtained either from QSPECT images or quantification of planar projection data. However, in addition to the photon used for imaging, 131I decay results in emission of a number of other higher-energy photons with significant abundances. These higher-energy photons can scatter in the body, collimator, or detector and be counted in the 364 keV photopeak energy window, resulting in reduced image contrast and degraded quantitative accuracy; these photons are referred to as downscatter. The goal of this study was to develop and evaluate a model-based downscatter compensation method specifically designed for the compensation of high-energy photons emitted by 131I and detected in the imaging energy window. Methods: In the evaluation study, we used a Monte Carlo simulation (MCS) code that had previously been validated for other radionuclides. Thus, in preparation for the evaluation study, we first validated the code for 131I imaging simulation by comparison with experimental data. Next, we assessed the accuracy of the downscatter model by comparing downscatter estimates with MCS results. Finally, we combined the downscatter model with iterative reconstruction-based compensation for attenuation (A) and scatter (S) and the full (D) collimator-detector response of the 364 keV photons to form a comprehensive compensation method. We evaluated this

  20. SU-E-I-78: Establishing a Protocol for Quick Estimation of Thyroid Internal Contamination with 131I in Normal and Emergency Situations

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Naderi, S Mehdizadeh; Karimipourfard, M; Lotfalizadeh, F

    2015-06-15

    Purpose: I-131 is one of the most frequent radionuclides used in nuclear medicine departments. The radiation workers, who manipulate the unsealed radio-toxic iodine, should be monitored for internal contamination. In this study a protocol was established for estimating I-131 activity absorbed in the thyroid glands of the nuclear medicine staff in normal working condition and also in accidents. Methods: I-131 with the activity of 10 μCi was injected inside the thyroid gland of a home-made anthropomorphic neck phantom. The phantom is made up of PMMA as soft tissue, and Aluminium as bone. The dose rate at different distances from themore » surface of the neck phantom was measured using a scintillator detector for duration of two months. Then, calibration factors were obtained, for converting the dose rate at each distance to the iodine activity inside the thyroid. Results: According to the results of this study, the calibration factors for converting the dose rates (nSv/h) at distances of 0cm, 1cm, 6cm, 11cm, and 16cm to the activity (kBq) inside the thyroid were found to be 0.03, 0.04, 0.14, 0.29, and 0.49 . Conclusion: This method can be effectively used for quick estimation of the I-131 concentration inside the thyroid of the staff for daily checks in normal working conditions and also in accidents.« less

  1. The Distribution of Fallout Radionuclides (Sr 90, I 131, and Cs 137) in Naturally Contaminated Milk (in German)

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Lagoni, H.; Paakkola, O.; Peters, K. H.

    1963-01-01

    The distribution of Sr 90, I 131, and Cs 137 in milk was investigated in the autumn of 1962. The concentration of the radioisotopes in I kg of the milk used was 44.5 pC Sr 90, 176.0 pC Sr 89, 106.0 pC I 131, and 91.0 pC Cs 137. The distribution of the isotopes in the fatty part of the milk and in the non-fatty constituents was determined and the results are tabulated, showing that most of the radioisotopes follow the aqueous phase to the skim milk. 60% of the radioiodine goes to the butter fat. In acid precipitation ofmore » the skim milk more than 90% of the Sr 90 goes with the whey, whereas the I 131 and Cs 137 go with the casein.« less

  2. Effect of a 188 Re-SSS lipiodol/131I-lipiodol mixture, 188 Re-SSS lipiodol alone or 131I-lipiodol alone on the survival of rats with hepatocellular carcinoma.

    PubMed

    Garin, Elienne; Rakotonirina, Hervé; Lejeune, Florence; Denizot, Benoit; Roux, Jerome; Noiret, Nicolas; Mesbah, Habiba; Herry, Jean-Yues; Bourguet, Patrick; Lejeune, Jean-Jacques

    2006-04-01

    It has been shown that the use of a cocktail of isotopes of different ranges of action leads to an increase in the effectiveness of metabolic radiotherapy. The purpose of the present study was to compare with a control group the effectiveness of three different treatments in rats bearing hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), using (1) a mixture of lipiodol labelled with both I and Re, (2) lipiodol labelled with I alone and (3) lipiodol labelled with Re alone. Four groups were made up, each containing 14 rats with the N1-S1 tumour cell line. Group 1 received a mixture composed of 22 MBq of Re-SSS lipiodol and 7 MBq I-lipiodol. Group 2 received 14 MBq I-lipiodol. Group 3 received 44 MBq of Re-SSS lipiodol and group 4 acted as the control. The survival of the various groups was compared by a non-parametric test of log-rank, after a follow-up of 60, 180 and 273 days. Compared with the controls, the rats treated with a mixture of Re-SSS lipiodol and I-lipiodol show an increase in survival, but only from day 60 onwards (P=0.05 at day 60 and 0.13 at days 180 and 273). For the rats treated with I-lipiodol, there was a highly significant increase in survival compared with the controls at day 60, day 180 and day 273 (P=0.03, 0.04 and 0.04, respectively). There is no significant increase in survival for the rats treated with Re-SSS lipiodol, irrespective of the follow-up duration (P=0.53 at day 60, 0.48 at day 180, and 0.59 at day 273). In this study, I-lipiodol is the most effective treatment in HCC-bearing rats, because this is the only method that leads to a prolonged improvement of survival. These results cannot necessarily be extrapolated to humans because of the relatively small size and unifocal nature of the lesions in this study. It appears necessary to carry out a study in humans with larger tumours in order to compare these three treatments, particularly with a view to replacing I-labelled lipiodol by Re-labelled lipiodol. However, this study clearly demonstrated that

  3. Traversing and labeling interconnected vascular tree structures from 3D medical images

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    O'Dell, Walter G.; Govindarajan, Sindhuja Tirumalai; Salgia, Ankit; Hegde, Satyanarayan; Prabhakaran, Sreekala; Finol, Ender A.; White, R. James

    2014-03-01

    Purpose: Detailed characterization of pulmonary vascular anatomy has important applications for the diagnosis and management of a variety of vascular diseases. Prior efforts have emphasized using vessel segmentation to gather information on the number or branches, number of bifurcations, and branch length and volume, but accurate traversal of the vessel tree to identify and repair erroneous interconnections between adjacent branches and neighboring tree structures has not been carefully considered. In this study, we endeavor to develop and implement a successful approach to distinguishing and characterizing individual vascular trees from among a complex intermingling of trees. Methods: We developed strategies and parameters in which the algorithm identifies and repairs false branch inter-tree and intra-tree connections to traverse complicated vessel trees. A series of two-dimensional (2D) virtual datasets with a variety of interconnections were constructed for development, testing, and validation. To demonstrate the approach, a series of real 3D computed tomography (CT) lung datasets were obtained, including that of an anthropomorphic chest phantom; an adult human chest CT; a pediatric patient chest CT; and a micro-CT of an excised rat lung preparation. Results: Our method was correct in all 2D virtual test datasets. For each real 3D CT dataset, the resulting simulated vessel tree structures faithfully depicted the vessel tree structures that were originally extracted from the corresponding lung CT scans. Conclusion: We have developed a comprehensive strategy for traversing and labeling interconnected vascular trees and successfully implemented its application to pulmonary vessels observed using 3D CT images of the chest.

  4. Optimization of (131)I doses for the treatment of hyperthyroidism.

    PubMed

    Araujo, F; Rebelo, A M O; Pereira, A C; Moura, M B; Lucena, E A; Dantas, A L A; Dantas, B M; Corbo, R

    2009-11-15

    Several methods can be used to determine the activity of (131)I in the treatment of hyperthyroidism. However, many of them do not consider all the parameters necessary for optimum dose calculation. The relationship between the dose absorbed by the thyroid and the activity administered depends basically on three parameters: organ mass, iodine uptake and effective half-life of iodine in the thyroid. Such parameters should be individually determined for each patient in order to optimize the administered activity. The objective of this work is to develop a methodology for individualized treatment with (131)I in patients with hyperthyroidism of the Grave's Disease. A neck-thyroid phantom developed at the IRD was used to calibrate a scintillation camera and a uptake probe SCT-13004 at the Nuclear Medicine Center of the University Hospital of Rio de Janeiro and a uptake probe SCT-13002, available at the Nuclear Medicine Institute in Goiânia. The biokinetic parameters were determined based on measurements performed in eight voluntary patients. It is concluded that the use of the equipment available at the hospital (scintillation camera and uptake probe) has shown to be a suitable and feasible procedure for dose optimization in terms of effectiveness, simplicity and cost.

  5. Updating the procedure for metaiodobenzylguanidine labelling with iodine radioisotopes employed in industrial production.

    PubMed

    Franceschini, R; Mosca, R; Bonino, C

    1991-01-01

    The classical procedure used for the preparation of [125I]- and [131I]metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) is the solid-phase isotopic exchange between MIBG and radioiodide. This reaction requires 1.5 hours at 160 degrees C to obtain maximum total labelling yields of 75-80%. Recently, the importance of rapid procedures for the preparation of 123I-MIBG has been highlighted. A highly efficient procedure for the industrial production of 123I-MIBG using ascorbic acid, tin sulfate and copper sulfate pentahydrate in 0.01 M sulfuric acid is reported. Sequential radio-TLC analysis of the labelling mixture shows that the labelling yield reaches 98% within 45 min at 100 degrees C. The specific activity of the 123I-MIBG produced in this manner is on the order of 100 Ci/mmol.

  6. Accuracy of two simple methods for estimation of thyroidal {sup 131}I kinetics for dosimetry-based treatment of Graves' disease

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Traino, A. C.; Xhafa, B.; Sezione di Fisica Medica, U.O. Fisica Sanitaria, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, via Roma n. 67, Pisa 56125

    2009-04-15

    One of the major challenges to the more widespread use of individualized, dosimetry-based radioiodine treatment of Graves' disease is the development of a reasonably fast, simple, and cost-effective method to measure thyroidal {sup 131}I kinetics in patients. Even though the fixed activity administration method does not optimize the therapy, giving often too high or too low a dose to the gland, it provides effective treatment for almost 80% of patients without consuming excessive time and resources. In this article two simple methods for the evaluation of the kinetics of {sup 131}I in the thyroid gland are presented and discussed. Themore » first is based on two measurements 4 and 24 h after a diagnostic {sup 131}I administration and the second on one measurement 4 h after such an administration and a linear correlation between this measurement and the maximum uptake in the thyroid. The thyroid absorbed dose calculated by each of the two methods is compared to that calculated by a more complete {sup 131}I kinetics evaluation, based on seven thyroid uptake measurements for 35 patients at various times after the therapy administration. There are differences in the thyroid absorbed doses between those derived by each of the two simpler methods and the ''reference'' value (derived by more complete uptake measurements following the therapeutic {sup 131}I administration), with 20% median and 40% 90-percentile differences for the first method (i.e., based on two thyroid uptake measurements at 4 and 24 h after {sup 131}I administration) and 25% median and 45% 90-percentile differences for the second method (i.e., based on one measurement at 4 h post-administration). Predictably, although relatively fast and convenient, neither of these simpler methods appears to be as accurate as thyroid dose estimates based on more complete kinetic data.« less

  7. Recovery of 131I from alkaline solution of n-irradiated tellurium target using a tiny Dowex-1 column.

    PubMed

    Chattopadhyay, Sankha; Saha Das, Sujata

    2010-10-01

    A simple and inexpensive ion-exchange chromatography method for the separation of medically useful no-carrier-added (nca) iodine radionuclides from bulk amounts of irradiated tellurium dioxide (TeO(2)) target was developed and tested using (131)I. The radiochemical separation was performed using a very small Dowex-1x8 ion-exchange column. The overall radiochemical yield for the complete separation of (131)I was 92+/-1.8 (standard deviation) % (n=8). The separated nca (131)I was of high, approximately 99%, radionuclidic and radiochemical purity and did not contain detectable amounts of the target material. This method may be adopted for the radiochemical separation of other different iodine radionuclides produced from tellurium matrices through cyclotron as well as reactor irradiation. Copyright 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  8. Validation of 131I ecological transfer models and thyroid dose assessments using Chernobyl fallout data from the Plavsk district, Russia

    PubMed Central

    Zvonova, I.; Krajewski, P.; Berkovsky, V.; Ammann, M.; Duffa, C.; Filistovic, V.; Homma, T.; Kanyar, B.; Nedveckaite, T.; Simon, S.L.; Vlasov, O.; Webbe-Wood, D.

    2009-01-01

    Within the project “Environmental Modelling for Radiation Safety” (EMRAS) organized by the IAEA in 2003 experimental data of 131I measurements following the Chernobyl accident in the Plavsk district of Tula region, Russia were used to validate the calculations of some radioecological transfer models. Nine models participated in the inter-comparison. Levels of 137Cs soil contamination in all the settlements and 131I/137Cs isotopic ratios in the depositions in some locations were used as the main input information. 370 measurements of 131I content in thyroid of townspeople and villagers, and 90 measurements of 131I concentration in milk were used for validation of the model predictions. A remarkable improvement in models performance comparing with previous inter-comparison exercise was demonstrated. Predictions of the various models were within a factor of three relative to the observations, discrepancies between the estimates of average doses to thyroid produced by most participant not exceeded a factor of ten. PMID:19783331

  9. Safety conditions for irradiation, transporting, and melting of sintered TeO2 during the industrial production of 131I.

    PubMed

    Alanís, José; Segovia, A; Navarrete, M

    2004-08-01

    The development of a program to produce 131I by neutron activation of previously sintered TeO2, was started at the Nuclear Center of Mexico 3 y ago. Since then, the problems related to producing high purity, sintered TeO2 for neutron activation, transport of the activated samples and melting of the samples to retrieve the 131I have been satisfactorily solved. The main problems, related to health physics, arise when the process is conducted on a daily basis. Described are the irradiation conditions for sintered TeO2, retrieval of the sample from the pool, and the transport of the radioactive source after a 4-d cooling time. The radiation dose in the room where the hot cell is located increases from 2 microSv h(-1) (0.2 mrem h(-1)) to 4 microSv h(-1) (0.4 mrem h(-1)) during the melting of the radioactive (131+131m)TeO2, and the pumping out and dissolution of gaseous 131I. These measurements are below the maximum permissible levels and the ALARA concept has been assured through each step of the process and no leaks have been found in the system.

  10. Retrospective study of the iodine-131 contamination of workers in the radiopharmaceutical industry.

    PubMed

    Gaburo, J C; Lipsztein, J L; Rabelo, D M; Stabin, M

    2003-01-01

    A dose reconstruction study was performed for personnel occupationally exposed to 131I in radiopharmaceutical production, during the years 1981 to 1994, with the objective of estimating committed effective doses and critically reviewing the main causes of their exposures. The workers were selected from a group responsible for the production, labelling and distribution of all radiopharmaceutical material in Brazil. Best estimates of intakes and doses were derived from the examination of the individual monitoring records and the reports from the radiation protection supervisor, complemented by interviews with the workers and with radiation protection officers. Over this time period workers had chronic as well as acute intakes of 131I. Committed effective doses were found to be dependent on the task performed by the worker and the site of operation and inversely correlated with the amounts of iodine handled. Intakes in general were a consequence of inadequate radiation protection control.

  11. Thiamazole Pretreatment Lowers the (131)I Activity Needed to Cure Hyperthyroidism in Patients With Nodular Goiter.

    PubMed

    Kyrilli, Aglaia; Tang, Bich-Ngoc-Thanh; Huyge, Valérie; Blocklet, Didier; Goldman, Serge; Corvilain, Bernard; Moreno-Reyes, Rodrigo

    2015-06-01

    Relatively low radioiodine uptake (RAIU) represents a common obstacle for radioiodine ((131)I) therapy in patients with multinodular goiter complicated by hyperthyroidism. To evaluate whether thiamazole (MTZ) pretreatment can increase (131)I therapeutic efficacy. Twenty-two patients with multinodular goiter, subclinical hyperthyroidism, and RAIU < 50% were randomized to receive either a low-iodine diet (LID; n = 10) or MTZ 30 mg/d (n = 12) for 42 days. Thyroid function and 24-hour RAIU were measured before and after treatment. Thyroid volume was evaluated by either magnetic resonance imaging or single photon emission computed tomography. Mean 24-hour RAIU increased significantly from 32 ± 10% to 63 ± 18% in the MTZ group (P < .001). Consequently, there was a 31% decrease in the calculated median therapeutic (131)I activity after MTZ (P < .05). No significant changes in 24-hour RAIU were observed after diet. In the MTZ group, median serum TSH levels increased significantly by 9% and mean serum free T4 and free T3 concentrations decreased by 22% and 15%, respectively, whereas no changes in thyroid function were observed in the LID group. Thyroid volume did not significantly change in either of the two groups. At 12 months after radioiodine treatment, median serum TSH was within the normal range in both groups. MTZ treatment before (131)I therapy resulted in an average 2-fold increase in thyroid RAIU and enhanced the efficiency of radioiodine therapy assessed at 12 months. MTZ pretreatment is therefore a safe, easily accessible alternative to recombinant human TSH stimulation and a more effective option than LID.

  12. Implementation of iodine biokinetic model for interpreting I-131 contamination in breast milk after the Fukushima nuclear disaster

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Tani, Kotaro; Kurihara, Osamu; Kim, Eunjoo; Yoshida, Satoshi; Sakai, Kazuo; Akashi, Makoto

    2015-07-01

    After the accident at the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant run by Tokyo Electric Power Company in 2011, breast milk samples obtained from volunteers living in Fukushima and neighboring prefectures were examined and small amounts of I-131 (2.2-36.3 Bq/kg) were detected in some samples. In this work, the I-131 concentrations in breast milk from nursing mothers in Ibaraki prefecture were calculated based on the iodine biokinetic model during lactation together with time-variable intake scenarios by inhalation of ambient air and ingestion of tap water, using the authors’ code. The calculated I-131 concentrations in breast milk generally agreed with those measured for the volunteers. Based on the results, thyroid equivalent doses to breast-fed infants were estimated for each place of residence of the volunteers on the assumption that these infants consumed 800 ml of breast milk every day, resulting in 10-11 mSv for Mito and Kasama cities and 1.1-1.8 mSv for Tsukuba and Moriya cities. It was suggested that breast milk consumption could be a major contributor to internal dose of breast-fed infants in areas with mild I-131 pollution; however, further studies considering personal behavior surveys would be necessary to estimate individual doses.

  13. Implementation of iodine biokinetic model for interpreting I-131 contamination in breast milk after the Fukushima nuclear disaster.

    PubMed

    Tani, Kotaro; Kurihara, Osamu; Kim, Eunjoo; Yoshida, Satoshi; Sakai, Kazuo; Akashi, Makoto

    2015-07-22

    After the accident at the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant run by Tokyo Electric Power Company in 2011, breast milk samples obtained from volunteers living in Fukushima and neighboring prefectures were examined and small amounts of I-131 (2.2-36.3 Bq/kg) were detected in some samples. In this work, the I-131 concentrations in breast milk from nursing mothers in Ibaraki prefecture were calculated based on the iodine biokinetic model during lactation together with time-variable intake scenarios by inhalation of ambient air and ingestion of tap water, using the authors' code. The calculated I-131 concentrations in breast milk generally agreed with those measured for the volunteers. Based on the results, thyroid equivalent doses to breast-fed infants were estimated for each place of residence of the volunteers on the assumption that these infants consumed 800 ml of breast milk every day, resulting in 10-11 mSv for Mito and Kasama cities and 1.1-1.8 mSv for Tsukuba and Moriya cities. It was suggested that breast milk consumption could be a major contributor to internal dose of breast-fed infants in areas with mild I-131 pollution; however, further studies considering personal behavior surveys would be necessary to estimate individual doses.

  14. 131I INTERNAL CONTAMINATION AND COMMITTED DOSE ASSESSMENT AMONG NUCLEAR MEDICINE MEDICAL PERSONNEL.

    PubMed

    Brudecki, K; Kluczewska-Galka, A; Mróz, T; Jarzab, B; Zagrodzki, P; Janowski, P

    2018-05-01

    This study presents 131I thyroid activity measurements of 56 employees of the Department of Nuclear Medicine and Endocrine Oncology, Centre for Oncology in Gliwice. The research instrument was a whole-body spectrometer. In 44 out of 56 examined staff members, the determined 131I activity was found to be above the detection limit. The measured activities ranged from 6 ± 2 to 457 ± 118 Bq. The maximum estimated committed effective dose reached was 1.5 mSv/y. The results were compared with previous measurements conducted in another Polish nuclear medical unit. From this comparison, we can see that radiological safety among nuclear medicine personnel can be improved by appropriate work organisation. Reducing exposure of workers can be achieved by properly organised turnovers concerning the most vulnerable worksites. In addition, to lower the radiation risk, it is essential to comply strictly with the isolation regime for the patients.

  15. Maximum dose rate is a determinant of hypothyroidism after 131I therapy of Graves' disease but the total thyroid absorbed dose is not.

    PubMed

    Krohn, Thomas; Hänscheid, Heribert; Müller, Berthold; Behrendt, Florian F; Heinzel, Alexander; Mottaghy, Felix M; Verburg, Frederik A

    2014-11-01

    The determinants of successful (131)I therapy of Graves' disease (GD) are unclear. To relate dosimetry parameters to outcome of therapy to identify significant determinants eu- and/or hypothyroidism after (131)I therapy in patients with GD. A retrospective study in which 206 Patients with GD treated in University Hospital between November 1999 and January 2011. All received (131)I therapy aiming at a total absorbed dose to the thyroid of 250 Gy based on pre-therapeutic dosimetry. Post-therapy dosimetric thyroid measurements were performed twice daily until discharge. From these measurements, thyroid (131)I half-life, the total thyroid absorbed dose, and the maximum dose rate after (131)I administration were calculated. In all, 48.5% of patients were hypothyroid and 28.6% of patients were euthyroid after (131)I therapy. In univariate analysis, nonhyperthyroid and hyperthyroid patients only differed by sex. A lower thyroid mass, a higher activity per gram thyroid tissue, a shorter effective thyroidal (131)I half-life, and a higher maximum dose rate, but not the total thyroid absorbed dose, were significantly associated with hypothyroidism. In multivariate analysis, the maximum dose rate remained the only significant determinant of hypothyroidism (P < .001). Maximum dose rates of 2.2 Gy/h and higher were associated with a 100% hypothyroidism rate. Not the total thyroid absorbed dose, but the maximum dose rate is a determinant of successfully achieving hypothyroidism in Graves' disease. Dosimetric concepts aiming at a specific total thyroid absorbed dose will therefore require reconsideration if our data are confirmed prospectively.

  16. Assessing Intracranial Vascular Compliance Using Dynamic Arterial Spin Labeling

    PubMed Central

    Yan, Lirong; Liu, Collin Y.; Smith, Robert X.; Jog, Mayank; Langham, Michael; Krasileva, Kate; Chen, Yufen; Ringman, John M.; Wang, Danny J.J.

    2015-01-01

    Vascular compliance (VC) is an important marker for a number of cardiovascular diseases and dementia, which is typically assessed in central and peripheral arteries indirectly by quantifying pulse wave velocity (PWV), and/or pulse pressure waveform. To date, very few methods are available for the quantification of intracranial VC. In the present study, a novel MRI technique for in-vivo assessment of intracranial VC was introduced, where dynamic arterial spin labeling (ASL) scans were synchronized with the systolic and diastolic phases of the cardiac cycle. VC is defined as the ratio of change in arterial cerebral blood volume (ΔCBV) and change in arterial pressure (ΔBP). Intracranial VC was assessed in different vascular components using the proposed dynamic ASL method. Our results show that VC mainly occurs in large arteries, gradually decreases in small arteries and arterioles. The comparison of intracranial VC between young and elderly subjects shows that aging is accompanied by a reduction of intracranial VC, in good agreement with the literature. Furthermore, a positive association between intracranial VC and cerebral perfusion measured using pseudo-continuous ASL with 3D GRASE MRI was observed independent of aging effects, suggesting loss of VC is associated with a decline in perfusion. Finally, a significant positive correlation between intracranial and central (aortic arch) VC was observed using an ungated phase-contrast 1D projection PWV technique. The proposed dynamic ASL method offers a promising approach for assessing intracranial VC in a range of cardiovascular diseases and dementia. PMID:26364865

  17. Diagnostic labels of NANDA-I in a southern region of Spain

    PubMed Central

    González-Rodríguez, Rafael; Martelo-Baro, María de los Ángeles; Bas-Sarmiento, Pilar

    2017-01-01

    ABSTRACT Objective: to determine the incidence of NANDA-I diagnostic labels (North American Nursing Diagnosis Association-International) and to establish the distribution of cases of assistance and the associated labels, according to sociodemographic variables (age and sex). Method: descriptive, cross-sectional epidemiological study of labels of NANDA-I, under ecological design. The distribution of labels was analyzed according to sex and age; the corresponding frequencies were calculated and for each label the incidence were calculated rates with aggregate data from the attended cases. Results: the total number of cases of care under study was 9,928 (41.65% men and 58.35% women). The identified labels were 16,456 (7,084 men and 9,372 women); average of 1.7 labels per case of care; Out of 216 labels proposed by NANDA-I, in its 2012-14 classification, 152 were used, representing 70.4%. The labels with the highest incidence rates per thousand inhabitants were: Anxiety, Willingness to Improve Knowledge and Risk of Infection. Conclusions: the study allowed detecting, through NANDA-I, the answers to the health problems of greater incidence in the users attended. PMID:28614433

  18. Long-range transport of gaseous 131I and other radionuclides from Fukushima accident to Southern Poland

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Mietelski, Jerzy W.; Kierepko, Renata; Brudecki, Kamil; Janowski, Paweł; Kleszcz, Krzysztof; Tomankiewicz, Ewa

    2014-07-01

    A serious accident at Fukushima Dai-Ichi NPP triggered radioactive emission to the atmosphere on 12 March 2011. The results of gamma spectrometric measurements of both gaseous and aerosol fraction of the air, collected in Krakow over the period from March 21 till the end of May 2011, as well as wet and dry deposition recorded from March till the end of October 2011, are presented in this paper. Krakow happened to be the first Polish location where radioactive isotopes characteristic for reactor releases, such as 131I, 132I, 129mTe, 132Te, 134Cs, 136Cs, and 137Cs, were detected. The maximum activity for aerosols equal to (5.73 ± 0.35) mBq/m3, (0.461 ± 0.041) mBq/m3 and (0.436 ± 0.038) mBq/m3 for 131I, 134Cs and 137Cs, respectively, was recorded for March 29, 2011. The data on the fallout are also given. The results of the radiochemical analysis of aerosol samples showed no traces of plutonium or americium isotopes associated with the disaster to be detected. The results of air activity concentration from Fukushima accident observed in Central Europe, Poland, in comparison to those of Chernobyl accident observed in Japan are presented and discussed. The comparison has revealed a discrepancy in the recognized relative scale of both accidents, and important difference in long distance transport of contamination, to exist. An attempt to explain the variation in the activity ratios between the aerosol fraction for 131I and 137Cs as resulting from exchange between the gaseous and aerosol fractions of 131I while the contamination had been propagating, is made.

  19. [Treatment of Graves Hyperthyroidism by Jiakangling Capsule Combined with Reduction of 131I: an Efficacy Observation].

    PubMed

    Liu, Guan-xin; Liao, Ning

    2016-01-01

    To observe the clinical efficacy of Jiakangling Capsule (JC) combined with reduction of 1311 in treatment of Graves hyperthyroidism. Totally 387 Graves hyperthyroidism patients were randomly assigned to the treatment group (200 cases) and the control group (187 cases). Patients in the treatment group took JC combined with reduction of 131I. The 131I dosage per gram of thyroid tissue was 50-80 microCi. They additionally took JC one week after taking 1311 for one consecutive month. Patients in the control group took 131 routinely as one disposable treatment. The 131I dosage per gram of thyroid tissue was 70-120 microCi, without using JC or other anti-thyroid drugs. All patients were reexamined after 24-month treatment. Whether hyperthyroidism was cured, incurred, or permanent was observed. Efficacies of thyroglobulin antibody (TGAb) and thyroid microsome antibody (TMAb) were compared between the two groups. Compared with the control group, the incurred ratio increased in the treatment group [3.2% (6/187) vs. 16.0% (32/200), P < 0.01], the incurred ratio of strong positive TGAb and TMAb patients increased [3.5% (2/57) vs. 27.1% (16/59), P < 0.01], the permanent hypothyroidism ratio decreased [21.1% (12/57) vs. 3.4% (2/59), P < 0.05 ]. JC combined with reduction of 1311 was superior in treating Graves hyperthyroidism induced permanent hypothyroidism than routine 1311 treatment, especially for strong positive TGAb and TMAb patients.

  20. Dose assessment for marine biota and humans from discharge of (131)I to the marine environment and uptake by algae in Sydney, Australia.

    PubMed

    Carolan, Jessica Veliscek; Hughes, Catherine E; Hoffmann, Emmy L

    2011-10-01

    Iodine-131 reaches the marine environment through its excretion to the sewer by nuclear medicine patients followed by discharge through coastal and deepwater out falls. 131I has been detected in macroalgae,which bio-accumulate iodine, growing near the coastal out fall of Cronulla sewage treatment plant (STP) since 1995. During this study, (131)I levels in liquid effluent and sludge from three Sydney STP's as well as in macroalgae (Ulva sp. and Ecklonia radiata) growing near their shoreline out falls were measured. Concentration factors of 176 for Ulva sp. and 526 for E. radiata were derived. Radiation dose rates to marine biota from (131)I discharged to coastal waters calculated using the ERICA dose assessment tool were below the ERICA screening level of 10 μGy/hr. Radiation dose rates to humans from immersion in seawater or consumption of Ulva sp. containing (131)I were three and two orders of magnitude below the IAEA screening level of 10 μSv/year, respectively.

  1. Subclinical Hypothyroidism after 131I-Treatment of Graves' Disease: A Risk Factor for Depression?

    PubMed

    Yu, Jing; Tian, Ai-Juan; Yuan, Xin; Cheng, Xiao-Xin

    2016-01-01

    Although it is well accepted that there is a close relationship between hypothyroidism and depression, previous studies provided inconsistent or even opposite results in whether subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) increased the risk of depression. One possible reason is that the etiology of SCH in these studies was not clearly distinguished. We therefore investigated the relationship between SCH resulting from 131I treatment of Graves' disease and depression. The incidence of depression among 95 patients with SCH and 121 euthyroid patients following 131I treatment of Graves' disease was studied. The risk factors of depression were determined with multivariate logistic regression analysis. Thyroid hormone replacement therapy was performed in patients with thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels exceeding 10 mIU/L. Patients with SCH had significantly higher Hamilton Depression Scale scores, serum TSH and thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb) levels compared with euthyroid patients. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed SCH, Graves' eye syndrome and high serum TPO antibody level as risk factors for depression. L-thyroxine treatment is beneficial for SCH patients with serum TSH levels exceeding 10 mIU/L. The results of the present study demonstrated that SCH is prevalent among 131I treated Graves' patients. SCH might increase the risk of developing depression. L-thyroxine replacement therapy helps to resolve depressive disorders in SCH patients with TSH > 10mIU/L. These data provide insight into the relationship between SCH and depression.

  2. Improved outcome of 131I-mIBG treatment through combination with external beam radiotherapy in the SK-N-SH mouse model of neuroblastoma.

    PubMed

    Corroyer-Dulmont, Aurélien; Falzone, Nadia; Kersemans, Veerle; Thompson, James; Allen, Danny P; Able, Sarah; Kartsonaki, Christiana; Malcolm, Javian; Kinchesh, Paul; Hill, Mark A; Vojnovic, Boris; Smart, Sean C; Gaze, Mark N; Vallis, Katherine A

    2017-09-01

    To assess the efficacy of different schedules for combining external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) with molecular radiotherapy (MRT) using 131 I-mIBG in the management of neuroblastoma. BALB/c nu/nu mice bearing SK-N-SH neuroblastoma xenografts were assigned to five treatment groups: 131 I-mIBG 24h after EBRT, EBRT 6days after 131 I-mIBG, EBRT alone, 131 I-mIBG alone and control (untreated). A total of 56 mice were assigned to 3 studies. Study 1: Vessel permeability was evaluated using dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE)-MRI (n=3). Study 2: Tumour uptake of 131 I-mIBG in excised lesions was evaluated by γ-counting and autoradiography (n=28). Study 3: Tumour volume was assessed by longitudinal MR imaging and survival was analysed (n=25). Tumour dosimetry was performed using Monte Carlo simulations of absorbed fractions with the radiation transport code PENELOPE. Given alone, both 131 I-mIBG and EBRT resulted in a seven-day delay in tumour regrowth. Following EBRT, vessel permeability was evaluated by DCE-MRI and showed an increase at 24h post irradiation that correlated with an increase in 131 I-mIBG tumour uptake, absorbed dose and overall survival in the case of combined treatment. Similarly, EBRT administered seven days after MRT to coincide with tumour regrowth, significantly decreased the tumour volume and increased overall survival. This study demonstrates that combining EBRT and MRT has an enhanced therapeutic effect and emphasizes the importance of treatment scheduling according to pathophysiological criteria such as tumour vessel permeability and tumour growth kinetics. Copyright © 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  3. High-resolution clustered pinhole (131)Iodine SPECT imaging in mice.

    PubMed

    van der Have, Frans; Ivashchenko, Oleksandra; Goorden, Marlies C; Ramakers, Ruud M; Beekman, Freek J

    2016-08-01

    High-resolution pre-clinical (131)I SPECT can facilitate development of new radioiodine therapies for cancer. To this end, it is important to limit resolution-degrading effects of pinhole edge penetration by the high-energy γ-photons of iodine. Here we introduce, optimize and validate (131)I SPECT performed with a dedicated high-energy clustered multi-pinhole collimator. A SPECT-CT system (VECTor/CT) with stationary gamma-detectors was equipped with a tungsten collimator with clustered pinholes. Images were reconstructed with pixel-based OSEM, using a dedicated (131)I system matrix that models the distance- and energy-dependent resolution and sensitivity of each pinhole, as well as the intrinsic detector blurring and variable depth of interaction in the detector. The system performance was characterized with phantoms and in vivo static and dynamic (131)I-NaI scans of mice. Reconstructed image resolution reached 0.6mm, while quantitative accuracy measured with a (131)I filled syringe reaches an accuracy of +3.6±3.5% of the gold standard value. In vivo mice scans illustrated a clear shape of the thyroid and biodistribution of (131)I within the animal. Pharmacokinetics of (131)I was assessed with 15-s time frames from the sequence of dynamic images and time-activity curves of (131)I-NaI. High-resolution quantitative and fast dynamic (131)I SPECT in mice is possible by means of a high-energy collimator and optimized system modeling. This enables analysis of (131)I uptake even within small organs in mice, which can be highly valuable for development and optimization of targeted cancer therapies. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  4. Potential diagnostic value of 131I-MIBG myocardial scintigraphy in discrimination between Alzheimer disease and dementia with Lewy bodies.

    PubMed

    Abbasi, Mehrshad; Ghalandari, Nafise; Farzanefar, Saeed; Aghamollaii, Vajiheh; Ahmadi, Mona; Ganji, Morsaleh; Afarideh, Mohsen; Loloee, Sogol; Naseri, Maryam; Tafakhori, Abbas

    2017-12-01

    Clinical difficulty to discriminate between the Alzheimer disease (AD) and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) has led researchers to focus on highly sensitive functional imaging modalities. The aim of the present study was to assess 131 I-MIBG cardiac imaging to distinguish between AD and DLB. Seventeen patients who were known cases of dementia underwent 131 I-MIBG myocardial scintigraphy to differentiate AD from DLB. Planar and 131 I-MIBG SPECT were obtained 2h after the injection of 1mCi 131 I-MIBG on a dual head gamma camera. The visual assessment of the heart uptake compared with lungs and the quantification based on the heart to mediastinal ratio (HMR) were done. The cardiac receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was designed for the optimal HMR cut-off values to predict the diagnoses of the patients. The diagnoses were clinically confirmed during the follow up of 14±8.2 months. Out of 17 patients (13 males; 76.5%), 10 patients had AD (7 males; 70%) and 7 patients had DLB (6 males; 85%). The pooled HMR was 1.74±0.33 in the study population; with 1.95±0.22 in the AD group and 1.43±0.20 in the DLB group to demonstrate significantly different HMR scores between patients with AD and DLB (p value=0.001). The visual interpretation was positive in 10 patients (accuracy of 88.2%). The shortest distance on the ROC curve to the optimal value corresponding to HMR=1.57 identified 10 patients with a high HMR (positive cardiac uptake) and 7 patients with a low HMR (negative cardiac uptake), the accuracy calculated at 88.2%. 131 I-MIBG myocardial scintigraphy is a potential alternative diagnostic modality for discrimination between AD and DLB when 123 I is not available. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  5. Vascular status in human primary and permanent teeth in health and disease.

    PubMed

    Rodd, Helen D; Boissonade, Fiona M

    2005-04-01

    The present study sought to compare the vascular status of human primary teeth with that of human permanent teeth, and to determine whether caries or painful pulpitis was associated with changes in vascularity. Coronal pulps were removed from 62 primary and 62 permanent mandibular molars with a known pain history. Teeth were categorized as intact, moderately carious or grossly carious. Pulp sections were labelled with Ulex europaeus I lectin (UEIL), which is a marker of human vascular endothelium. Image analysis was then used to quantify the percentage area of UEIL-labelled tissue (vascularity) and the number of blood vessels present within three regions: the pulp horn, the subodontoblastic region, and the mid-coronal pulp. Only the mid-coronal region of the primary tooth pulp was found to be significantly more vascular than the corresponding area of the permanent tooth pulp. Both dentitions showed a significant increase in vascularity within the pulp horn region with caries progression, but this was not accompanied by an increase in vessel number. There was no correlation between vascularity and pain symptoms. These findings suggest that the primary tooth pulp is more vascular than its successor within the mid-coronal region. However, the functional and clinical significance of this finding remains speculative.

  6. Bayesian inverse modeling and source location of an unintended 131I release in Europe in the fall of 2011

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Tichý, Ondřej; Šmídl, Václav; Hofman, Radek; Šindelářová, Kateřina; Hýža, Miroslav; Stohl, Andreas

    2017-10-01

    In the fall of 2011, iodine-131 (131I) was detected at several radionuclide monitoring stations in central Europe. After investigation, the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) was informed by Hungarian authorities that 131I was released from the Institute of Isotopes Ltd. in Budapest, Hungary. It was reported that a total activity of 342 GBq of 131I was emitted between 8 September and 16 November 2011. In this study, we use the ambient concentration measurements of 131I to determine the location of the release as well as its magnitude and temporal variation. As the location of the release and an estimate of the source strength became eventually known, this accident represents a realistic test case for inversion models. For our source reconstruction, we use no prior knowledge. Instead, we estimate the source location and emission variation using only the available 131I measurements. Subsequently, we use the partial information about the source term available from the Hungarian authorities for validation of our results. For the source determination, we first perform backward runs of atmospheric transport models and obtain source-receptor sensitivity (SRS) matrices for each grid cell of our study domain. We use two dispersion models, FLEXPART and Hysplit, driven with meteorological analysis data from the global forecast system (GFS) and from European Centre for Medium-range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) weather forecast models. Second, we use a recently developed inverse method, least-squares with adaptive prior covariance (LS-APC), to determine the 131I emissions and their temporal variation from the measurements and computed SRS matrices. For each grid cell of our simulation domain, we evaluate the probability that the release was generated in that cell using Bayesian model selection. The model selection procedure also provides information about the most suitable dispersion model for the source term reconstruction. Third, we select the most probable location of

  7. Errors in the absorbed and the administered 131I therapeutic dose in patients with Graves' disease. A suggested more precise technique.

    PubMed

    Chen, Yangchun; Huang, Jincheng; Wang, Yuehui; Xie, Sipei; He, Fang

    2017-01-01

    The aim of this study was to evaluate the relative error (RE) in the thyroid absorbed dose (TD) of iodine-131 ( 131 I) in patients with Graves' disease comparing the simplified Quimby-Marinelli-Hine formula method (sQMHF) and the Standard Operational Procedures for dosimetry (SOPD) recommended by the European Association of Nuclear Medicine. This study included 45 patients with Graves' disease 12 men and 33 women; age 44.1±12.8 years. Thyroid mass (TM) was measured using ultrasound. Uptake of 131 I (RAIU) was tested at 2, 4-6, 24, 48-72, and 96-168h after its administration and the half-life (T 1/2eff ) and resident time (RT) of 131 I were computed. According to the sQMHF, a prescribed TD of 75Gy required 3.7MBq/g of 131 I, correction based on the RAIU 24h and T 1/2eff . Subsequently, the therapeutic TD was computed according to the SOPD and the RE was recorded. The data were analyzed using t-tests. The TM, RAIU 24h , therapeutic TD, and RE were 36.5±23.9g, 0.54±0.14, 89.4±9.4Gy, and -0.01±0.02, respectively. There was a significant difference (t-value 9.84, P<0.01) between the prescribed and therapeutic TD because the sQMHF ignores the absorbed dose deposited in the thyroid during the first 24h, which is included in the SOPD. In addition, the RE was significantly smaller than the variable coefficient (VC) of the therapeutic TD (t=-39.6, P<0.01). When the activity of 131 I was calculated using the simplified Q-M-H formula, the therapeutic absorbed thyroid dose was significantly higher than what was expected for the prescribed dose. Precision of the individualized therapeutic absorbed dose could be improved by computing the activity of 131 I using the standard operational procedures for dosimetry of the EANM.

  8. Localization of m-lodo(/sup 131/I)benzylguanidine in neuroblastoma

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Hattner, R.S.; Huberty, J.P.; Engelstad, B.L.

    1984-08-01

    Patient survival and the therapeutic strategy for treatment of neuroblastoma are highly dependent on the stage of the tumor at presentation. For routine staging, the Children's Cancer Study group currently recommends a chest radiograph, abdominal CT scan, radionuclide bone scan, bone marrow biopsy, catecholamine metabolite estimations, and surgical determination of tumor extent. A noninvasive method for detectiton of neuroblastoma that avoids surgery and bone marrow biopsy would be a most welcome addition to the armamentarium of the pediatric oncologist. A case of neuroblastoma demonstrated with m-iodo(/sup 131/I)benzylguanidine (MIBG) scintigraphy is reported.

  9. Decontamination Efficiencies of Pot-Type Water Purifiers for 131I, 134Cs and 137Cs in Rainwater Contaminated during Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Disaster

    PubMed Central

    Higaki, Shogo; Hirota, Masahiro

    2012-01-01

    Rainwater was contaminated by a large release of radionuclides into the environment during the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster. It became a matter of concern for Japan when several water purification plants detected 131I contamination in the drinking water. In the present study, the decontamination efficiency of two easily obtainable commercial water purifiers were examined for rainwater contaminated with 131I, 134Cs and 137Cs. The water purifiers removed 94.2–97.8% of the 131I and 84.2–91.5% of the 134Cs and 137Cs after one filtration. Seven filtrations removed 98.2–99.6% of the 131I and over 98.0% of the 134Cs and 137Cs. From a practical perspective, over the fourth filtrations were not needed because of no significant improvements after the third filtration. PMID:22615935

  10. [Radioiodine 131I therapy of hyperthyroidism on an outpatient basis - safe, effective and economic option].

    PubMed

    Jiskra, J; Kubinyi, J; Telička, Z

    2012-02-01

    Radioiodine 131I therapy of hyperthyroidism on an outpatient basis is widely accepted over the world. In Czech Republic, however, radioiodine therapy is still not enough used, and has been realized on an inpatient basis to date. Our work is the first analysis of the experiences with radioiodine therapy of hyperthyroidism on an outpatient basis in Czech Republic. Capsule with 550 MBq of 131I was administered orally in 39 hyperthyroid patients (32 women and 8 men, 21 with autoimmune Graves hyperthyroidism and 18 with toxic thyroid nodules, mean age 66.8 years). In 32 of them we evaluated effectiveness and complications of therapy after 12-42 months. We also compared financial costs of the radioiodine treatment on an outpatient basis with the treatment in hospitalization and with surgery. After the treatment, 9/32 (28 %) patients were euthyroid without thyrostatic/thyroxine treatment, 18/32 (60 %) patients were hypothyroid with thyroxine therapy, 2/32 (6 %) patients significantly decreased doses of thyrostatic drugs. In 2/32 (6 %) patients the treatment was ineffective. The effect of the treatment did not depend on the etiology and severity of hyperthyroidism, but decreased with thyroid volume. Patients with ineffective or only partially effective treatment had median of thyroid volume more than 40 ml. In 1 patient thyroid associated ophthalmopathy was moderately worsened. Other complications were not observed. If we compared financial costs in model with 1 patient, we found that the costs of radioiodine therapy on an outpatient basis (118.7 €) comprise only 16 % of the costs of radioiodine therapy in hospitalization (728 €) and only 25 % of the costs of surgery (475.6 €). Radioiodine 131I is effective and safe in the treatment of hyperthyroidism and the therapy on an outpatient basis is much cheaper choice. The therapy with 131I on an outpatient basis is not suitable in patients with thyroid volume more than 40 ml.

  11. I-131 Dose Response for Incident Thyroid Cancers in Ukraine Related to the Chornobyl Accident

    PubMed Central

    Tronko, Mykola D.; Hatch, Maureen; Bogdanova, Tetyana I.; Oliynik, Valery A.; Lubin, Jay H.; Zablotska, Lydia B.; Tereschenko, Valery P.; McConnell, Robert J.; Zamotaeva, Galina A.; O’Kane, Patrick; Bouville, Andre C.; Chaykovskaya, Ludmila V.; Greenebaum, Ellen; Paster, Ihor P.; Shpak, Victor M.; Ron, Elaine

    2011-01-01

    Background: Current knowledge about Chornobyl-related thyroid cancer risks comes from ecological studies based on grouped doses, case–control studies, and studies of prevalent cancers. Objective: To address this limitation, we evaluated the dose–response relationship for incident thyroid cancers using measurement-based individual iodine-131 (I-131) thyroid dose estimates in a prospective analytic cohort study. Methods: The cohort consists of individuals < 18 years of age on 26 April 1986 who resided in three contaminated oblasts (states) of Ukraine and underwent up to four thyroid screening examinations between 1998 and 2007 (n = 12,514). Thyroid doses of I-131 were estimated based on individual radioactivity measurements taken within 2 months after the accident, environmental transport models, and interview data. Excess radiation risks were estimated using Poisson regression models. Results: Sixty-five incident thyroid cancers were diagnosed during the second through fourth screenings and 73,004 person-years (PY) of observation. The dose–response relationship was consistent with linearity on relative and absolute scales, although the excess relative risk (ERR) model described data better than did the excess absolute risk (EAR) model. The ERR per gray was 1.91 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.43–6.34], and the EAR per 104 PY/Gy was 2.21 (95% CI, 0.04–5.78). The ERR per gray varied significantly by oblast of residence but not by time since exposure, use of iodine prophylaxis, iodine status, sex, age, or tumor size. Conclusions: I-131–related thyroid cancer risks persisted for two decades after exposure, with no evidence of decrease during the observation period. The radiation risks, although smaller, are compatible with those of retrospective and ecological post-Chornobyl studies. PMID:21406336

  12. Cerebral impact of prenatal irradiation by 131I: an experimental model of clinical neuroradioembryological effects.

    PubMed

    Talko, V V; Loganovsky, K M; Drozd, I P; Tukalenko, Ye V; Loganovska, T K; Nechayev, S Yu; Masiuk, S V; Prokhorova, Ye M

    2017-12-01

    Human brain in prenatal period is a most vulnerable to ionizing radiation body structure. Unlike atomic bombings or radiological interventions in healthcare leading at most to external irradiation the intensive internal exposure may occur upon nuclear reactor accidents followed by substantial release and fallout of radioactive 131I. The latter can lead to specific neuroradioembryological effects. To create an experimental model of prenatal cerebral radiation effects of 131I in human and to determine the experimental and clinical neuroradioembryological effects.Study object. The neuroradioembryological effects in Vistar rats exposed to 131I in prenatal period. Nervous system status and mental status in 104 persons exposed to ionizing radiation in utero due to the ChNPP accident and the same in 78 not exposed subjects. Experimental i.e. behavioral techniques, including the spontaneous locomotive, exploratory activity and learning ability assessment, clinical i.e. neuropsychiatric, neuro and psychometric, neuropsychological, neurophys iological methods, both with dosimetric and statistical methods were applied. Intrauterine irradiation of Wistar rats by 131I was simulated on a model of one time oral 27.5 kBq radionu clide administration in the mid gestation period (0.72±0.14 Gy fetal thyroid dose), which provides extrapolation of neuroradioembryological effects in rats to that in humans exposed to intrauterine radiation as a result of the Chornobyl catastrophe. Abnormalities in behavioral reactions and decreased output of conditioned reflex reactions identified in the 10 month old rats suggest a deterioration of cerebral cognition in exposed animals. Specific cog nitive deficit featuring a disharmonic intellectual development through the relatively decreased verbal intelligence versus relative increase of nonverbal one is remained in prenatally exposed persons. This can indicate to dysfunc tion of cortical limbic system with especial involvement of a dominant

  13. Development of departmental standard for traceability of measured activity for I-131 therapy capsules used in nuclear medicine.

    PubMed

    Ravichandran, Ramamoorthy; Binukumar, Jp

    2011-01-01

    International Basic Safety Standards (International Atomic Energy Agency, IAEA) provide guidance levels for diagnostic procedures in nuclear medicine indicating the maximum usual activity for various diagnostic tests in terms of activities of injected radioactive formulations. An accuracy of ± 10% in the activities of administered radio-pharmaceuticals is being recommended, for expected outcome in diagnostic and therapeutic nuclear medicine procedures. It is recommended that the long-term stability of isotope calibrators used in nuclear medicine is to be checked periodically for their performance using a long-lived check source, such as Cs-137, of suitable activity. In view of the un-availability of such a radioactive source, we tried to develop methods to maintain traceability of these instruments, for certifying measured activities for human use. Two re-entrant chambers [(HDR 1000 and Selectron Source Dosimetry System (SSDS)] with I-125 and Ir-192 calibration factors in the Department of Radiotherapy were used to measure Iodine-131 (I-131) therapy capsules to establish traceability to Mark V isotope calibrator of the Department of Nuclear Medicine. Special nylon jigs were fabricated to keep I-131 capsule holder in position. Measured activities in all the chambers showed good agreement. The accuracy of SSDS chamber in measuring Ir-192 activities in the last 5 years was within 0.5%, validating its role as departmental standard for measuring activity. The above method is adopted because mean energies of I-131 and Ir-192 are comparable.

  14. Inhalation dose due to presence of 131I in air above septic tank system of an endocrinology hospital.

    PubMed

    Mietelski, J W; Grabowska, S; Nowak, T; Bogacz, J; Gaca, P; Bartyzel, M; Budzanowski, M

    2005-01-01

    We present here measurements of the 131I concentration for both: gaseous and aerosol fraction of 131I in the air above the septic tank containing wastes from medical application of this isotope. Aerosols were collected using air filters, whereas gaseous forms of iodine were trapped in KI impregnated charcoal double layer cartridge. Besides an active method (pumping of the air through system of filters) an attempt for using a passive method (charcoal traps) for monitoring of radio-iodine is described. For better characterisation of a site the external kerma was determined by means of G-M and TLD techniques as well as the activity kept in the septic tank was measured by gamma spectrometry. Results show that the activity of the aerosol fraction can be neglected compared to that of the gaseous fraction. He measured activity of air is low, on the level of 1 Bq m(-3), even during simulated failure of the ventilation system. Estimated inhalation dose for the serviceman of septic tanks is low ( approximately 10%) compared with external dose obtained by such person due to gamma radiation from the tank (on the level approximately 500 nSv h(-1)). Therefore, the concept of passive monitoring of the iodine in air was abandoned. Also estimated is the efficiency of 131I reduction by a charcoal filter of the ventilation system and 131I input to the environment by the ventilation chimney.

  15. RET/PTC and PAX8/PPARγ chromosomal rearrangements in post-Chernobyl thyroid cancer and their association with I-131 radiation dose and other characteristics

    PubMed Central

    Leeman-Neill, Rebecca J.; Brenner, Alina V.; Little, Mark P.; Bogdanova, Tetiana I.; Hatch, Maureen; Zurnadzy, Liudmyla Y.; Mabuchi, Kiyohiko; Tronko, Mykola D.; Nikiforov, Yuri E.

    2012-01-01

    Background Childhood exposure to I-131 from the 1986 Chernobyl accident led to a sharp increase in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) incidence in regions surrounding the reactor. Data concerning the association between genetic mutations in PTCs and individual radiation doses are limited. Methods We performed mutational analysis of 62 PTCs diagnosed in a Ukrainian cohort of patients who were <18 y.o. in 1986 and received 0.008-8.6 Gy of I-131 to the thyroid and explored associations between mutation types and I-131 dose and other characteristics. Results RET/PTC rearrangements were most common (35%), followed by BRAF (15%) and RAS (8%) point mutations. Two tumors carrying PAX8/PPARγ rearrangement were identified. We found a significant negative association with I-131 dose for BRAF and RAS point mutations and a significant concave association with I-131 dose, with an inflection point at 1.6 Gy and odds ratio 2.1, based on a linear-quadratic model for RET/PTC and PAX8/PPARγ rearrangements. The trends with dose were significantly different between tumors with point mutations and rearrangements. Compared to point mutations, rearrangements were associated with residence in the relatively iodine deficient Zhytomyr region, younger age at exposure or surgery, and male gender. Conclusions Our results provide the first demonstration of PAX8/PPARγ rearrangements in post-Chernobyl tumors and show different associations for point mutations and chromosomal rearrangements with I-131 dose and other factors. These data support the relationship between chromosomal rearrangements, but not point mutations, and I-131 exposure and point to a possible role of iodine deficiency in generation of RET/PTC rearrangements in these patients. PMID:23436219

  16. The standardization methods of radioactive sources (125I, 131I, 99mTc, and 18F) for calibrating nuclear medicine equipment in Indonesia

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Wurdiyanto, G.; Candra, H.

    2016-03-01

    The standardization of radioactive sources (125I, 131I, 99mTc and 18F) to calibrate the nuclear medicine equipment had been carried out in PTKMR-BATAN. This is necessary because the radioactive sources used in the field of nuclear medicine has a very short half-life in other that to obtain a quality measurement results require special treatment. Besides that, the use of nuclear medicine techniques in Indonesia develop rapidly. All the radioactive sources were prepared by gravimetric methods. Standardization of 125I has been carried out by photon- photon coincidence methods, while the others have been carried out by gamma spectrometry methods. The standar sources are used to calibrate a Capintec CRC-7BT radionuclide calibrator. The results shows that calibration factor for Capintec CRC-7BT dose calibrator is 1,03; 1,02; 1,06; and 1,04 for 125I, 131I, 99mTc and 18F respectively, by about 5 to 6% of the expanded uncertainties.

  17. Increasing incidence of hypothyroidism within one year after radioiodine therapy for toxic diffuse goiter. [/sup 131/I

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Von Hofe, S.E.; Dorfman, S.G.; Carrette, R.F.

    1978-02-01

    Patients treated with 10 mCi of I-131 for toxic diffuse goiter in the period January 1974--June 1976 were evaluated for development of hypothyroidism. Fifty percent were hypothyroid within 3 months and 69 percent within 1 year of treatment. Our data suggest that there is a higher incidence of hypothyroidism after standard doses of I-131 in the 1970s as contrasted with treatment groups in the 1950s and 1960s. The pathophysiology of this increased incidence is not known with certainty; however, infrequent use of thionamide medication, together with recent increases in dietary iodine, may render the gland more radiosensitive.

  18. Evaluation of a metalloporphyrin (THPPMnCl) for necrosis-affinity in rat models of necrosis.

    PubMed

    Li, Yue; Liu, Xuejiao; Zhang, Dongjian; Lou, Bin; Peng, Fei; Wang, Xiaoning; Shan, Xin; Jiang, Cuihua; Gao, Meng; Sun, Ziping; Ni, Yicheng; Huang, Dejian; Zhang, Jian

    2015-12-01

    The combination of an (13I)I-labeled necrosis-targeting agent (NTA) with a vascular disrupting agent is a novel and potentially powerful technique for tumor necrosis treatment (TNT). The purpose of this study was to evaluate a NTA candidate, THPPMnCl, using (131)I isotope for tracing its biodistribution and necrosis affinity. (131)I-THPPMnCl was intravenously injected in rat models with liver, muscle, and tumor necrosis and myocardial infarction (MI), followed by investigations with macroscopic autoradiography, triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) histochemical staining, fluorescence microscopy and H&E stained histology for up to 9 days. (131)I-THPPMnCl displayed a long-term affinity for all types of necrosis and accumulation in the mononuclear phagocytic system especially in the liver. Autoradiograms and TTC staining showed a good targetability of (131)I-THPPMnCl for MI. These findings indicate the potential of THPPMnCl for non-invasive imaging assessment of necrosis, such as in MI. However, (13I)I-THPPMnCl is unlikely suitable for TNT due to its long-term retention in normal tissues.

  19. Transient hypothyroidism after iodine-131 therapy for Grave's disease.

    PubMed

    Gómez, N; Gómez, J M; Orti, A; Gavaldà, L; Villabona, C; Leyes, P; Soler, J

    1995-09-01

    We studied 355 patients with Grave's disease to characterize transient hypothyroidism and its prognostic value following 131I therapy. The patients received therapeutic 131I treatment as follows: 333 received a dose < 10 mCi (6.6 +/- 1.9 mCi) and 22 received a dose > 10 mCi (12.8 +/- 2.9 mCi). Diagnosis of transient hypothyroidism was based on low T4, regardless of TSH within the first year after 131I followed by recovery of T4 and normal TSH. After administration of < 10 mCi 131I, 40 patients developed transient hypothyroidism during the first year; transient hypothyroidism was symptomatic in 15. There was no transient hypothyroidism after high doses (> 10 mCi) of 131I. Iodine-131 uptake > 70% at 2 hr before treatment was a risk factor for developing transient hypothyroidism (Odds ratio 2.8, 95% confidence interval 0.9-9.4). At diagnosis of transient hypothyroidism, basal TSH levels were high (51%), normal (35%) or low (14%); therefore, the transient hypothyroidism was not centralized. If hypothyroidism developed during the first 6 mo after basal TSH > 45 mU/liter ruled out transient hypothyroidism. The development of transient hypothyroidism and its hormonal pattern did not influence long-term thyroid function. Since no prognostic factors reliably predicted transient hypothyroidism before 131I or at the time of diagnosis, if hypothyroidism appears within the first months after 131I, the reevaluation of thyroid function later is warranted to avoid unnecessary chronic replacement therapy.

  20. Positron Emission Tomography and Near-Infrared Fluorescence Imaging of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor with Dual-Labeled Bevacizumab.

    PubMed

    Zhang, Yin; Hong, Hao; Engle, Jonathan W; Yang, Yunan; Barnhart, Todd E; Cai, Weibo

    2012-01-01

    The pivotal role of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in cancer is underscored by the approval of bevacizumab (Bev, a humanized anti-VEGF monoclonal antibody) for first line treatment of cancer patients. The aim of this study was to develop a dual-labeled Bev for both positron emission tomography (PET) and near-infrared fluorescence (NIRF) imaging of VEGF. Bev was conjugated to a NIRF dye (i.e. 800CW) and 2-S-(4-isothiocyanatobenzyl)-1,4,7-triazacyclononane-1,4,7-triacetic acid (p-SCN-Bn-NOTA) before (64)Cu-labeling. Flow cytometry analysis of U87MG human glioblastoma cells revealed no difference in VEGF binding affinity/specificity between Bev and NOTA-Bev-800CW. (64)Cu-labeling of NOTA-Bev-800CW was achieved with high yield. Serial PET imaging of U87MG tumor-bearing female nude mice revealed that tumor uptake of (64)Cu-NOTA-Bev-800CW was 4.6 ± 0.7, 16.3 ± 1.6, 18.1 ± 1.4 and 20.7 ± 3.7 %ID/g at 4, 24, 48 and 72 h post-injection respectively (n = 4), corroborated by in vivo/ex vivo NIRF imaging and biodistribution studies. Tumor uptake as measured by ex vivo NIRF imaging had a good linear correlation with the %ID/g values obtained from PET (R(2) = 0.93). Blocking experiments and histology both confirmed the VEGF specificity of (64)Cu-NOTA-Bev-800CW. The persistent, prominent, and VEGF-specific uptake of (64)Cu-NOTA-Bev-800CW in the tumor, observed by both PET and NIRF imaging, warrants further investigation and future clinical translation of such Bev-based imaging agents.

  1. Initial evaluation of the use of USPIO cell labeling and noninvasive MR monitoring of human tissue-engineered vascular grafts in vivo.

    PubMed

    Nelson, G N; Roh, J D; Mirensky, T L; Wang, Y; Yi, T; Tellides, G; Pober, J S; Shkarin, P; Shapiro, E M; Saltzman, W M; Papademetris, X; Fahmy, T M; Breuer, C K

    2008-11-01

    This pilot study examines noninvasive MR monitoring of tissue-engineered vascular grafts (TEVGs) in vivo using cells labeled with iron oxide nanoparticles. Human aortic smooth muscle cells (hASMCs) were labeled with ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide (USPIO) nanoparticles. The labeled hASMCs, along with human aortic endothelial cells, were incorporated into eight TEVGs and were then surgically implanted as aortic interposition grafts in a C.B-17 SCID/bg mouse host. USPIO-labeled hASMCs persisted in the grafts throughout a 3 wk observation period and allowed noninvasive MR imaging of the human TEVGs for real-time, serial monitoring of hASMC retention. This study demonstrates the feasibility of applying noninvasive imaging techniques for evaluation of in vivo TEVG performance.

  2. The time-dependent distribution of 125I-asialo-orosomucoid-horseradish peroxidase and 131I-immunoglobulin A among three endosomal subfractions isolated from rat liver.

    PubMed Central

    Kennedy, G; Cooper, C

    1988-01-01

    Three discrete endosomal fractions showing a time-dependent uptake of radioactive ligand were partially purified from rat liver. The 3,3'-diaminobenzidine (DAB)-induced density-shift protocol of Courtoy, Quintart & Baudhuin [(1984) J. Cell Biol. 98, 870-876] was used to study the distribution among these three endosomal fractions of two ligands with different intracellular destinations. Rats received both 125I-asialo-orosomucoid-horseradish peroxidase (125I-ASOR-HRP) and 131I-dIgA simultaneously by intraportal injection. The liver was fractionated at various times after injection, the three ligand-containing endosomal fractions (A, B and C) were separated and each was subjected separately to the DAB-induced density-shift procedure in which only vesicles containing 125I-ASOR-HRP are increased in density. Information on whether 131I-dIgA was co-localized or segregated from 125I-ASOR-HRP was obtained. The two ligands in the A fraction were partly segregated and partly co-localized, and this distribution appeared to be relatively unchanged with time. The two ligands in the B fraction were co-localized at all times studied. We have tentatively identified the B fraction as a compartment in which vesicle fusion has occurred. The two ligands in the C fraction were also partly co-localized and partly segregated, but the 131I-dIgA became increasingly segregated with time. This represents the first report of the purification of an endosomal subfraction specifically involved in the accumulation of multiple ligands. Images Fig. 7. PMID:3421920

  3. Preparation and Characterization of Hyaluronic Acid-Polycaprolactone Copolymer Micelles for the Drug Delivery of Radioactive Iodine-131 Labeled Lipiodol.

    PubMed

    Chen, Shih-Cheng; Yang, Ming-Hui; Chung, Tze-Wen; Jhuang, Ting-Syuan; Yang, Jean-Dean; Chen, Ko-Chin; Chen, Wan-Jou; Huang, Ying-Fong; Jong, Shiang-Bin; Tsai, Wan-Chi; Lin, Po-Chiao; Tyan, Yu-Chang

    2017-01-01

    Micelles, with the structure of amphiphilic molecules including a hydrophilic head and a hydrophobic tail, are recently developed as nanocarriers for the delivery of drugs with poor solubility. In addition, micelles have shown many advantages, such as enhanced permeation and retention (EPR) effects, prolonged circulation times, and increased endocytosis through surface modification. In this study, we measured the critical micelle concentrations, diameters, stability, and cytotoxicity and the cell uptake of micelles against hepatic cells with two kinds of hydrophilic materials: PEG-PCL and HA-g-PCL. We used 131 I as a radioactive tracer to evaluate the stability, drug delivery, and cell uptake activity of the micelles. The results showed that HA-g-PCL micelles exhibited higher drug encapsulation efficiency and stability in aqueous solutions. In addition, the 131 I-lipiodol loaded HA-g-PCL micelles had better affinity and higher cytotoxicity compared to HepG2 cells.

  4. 40 CFR 131.41 - Bacteriological criteria for those states not complying with Clean Water Act section 303(i)(1)(A).

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 21 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Bacteriological criteria for those states not complying with Clean Water Act section 303(i)(1)(A). 131.41 Section 131.41 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) WATER PROGRAMS WATER QUALITY STANDARDS Federally...

  5. 40 CFR 131.41 - Bacteriological criteria for those states not complying with Clean Water Act section 303(i)(1)(A).

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 22 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Bacteriological criteria for those states not complying with Clean Water Act section 303(i)(1)(A). 131.41 Section 131.41 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) WATER PROGRAMS WATER QUALITY STANDARDS Federally...

  6. 40 CFR 131.41 - Bacteriological criteria for those states not complying with Clean Water Act section 303(i)(1)(A).

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 23 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Bacteriological criteria for those states not complying with Clean Water Act section 303(i)(1)(A). 131.41 Section 131.41 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) WATER PROGRAMS WATER QUALITY STANDARDS Federally...

  7. 40 CFR 131.41 - Bacteriological criteria for those states not complying with Clean Water Act section 303(i)(1)(A).

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 22 2014-07-01 2013-07-01 true Bacteriological criteria for those states not complying with Clean Water Act section 303(i)(1)(A). 131.41 Section 131.41 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) WATER PROGRAMS WATER QUALITY STANDARDS Federally...

  8. 40 CFR 131.41 - Bacteriological criteria for those states not complying with Clean Water Act section 303(i)(1)(A).

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 23 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Bacteriological criteria for those states not complying with Clean Water Act section 303(i)(1)(A). 131.41 Section 131.41 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) WATER PROGRAMS WATER QUALITY STANDARDS Federally...

  9. Biliary and duodenal drainage for reducing the radiotoxic risk of antineoplastic 131I-hypericin in rat models

    PubMed Central

    Li, Yue; Jiang, Cuihua; Jiang, Xiao; Sun, Ziping; Cona, Marlein Miranda; Liu, Wei; Ni, Yicheng

    2015-01-01

    Necrosis targeting radiopharmaceutical 131I-hypericin (131I-Hyp) has been studied for the therapy of solid malignancies. However, serious side effects may be caused by its unwanted radioactivity after being metabolized by the liver and excreted via bile in the digestive tract. Thus the aim of this study was to investigate two kinds of bile draining for reducing them. Thirty-eight normal rats were intravenously injected with 131I-Hyp, 24 of which were subjected to the common bile duct (CBD) drainage for gamma counting of collected bile and tissues during 1–6, 7–12, 13–18, and 19–24 h (n = 6 each group), 12 of which were divided into two groups (n = 6 each group) for comparison of the drainage efficiency between CBD catheterization and duodenum intubation by collecting their bile at the first 4 h. Afterwards the 12 rats together with the last two rats which were not drained were scanned via single-photon emission computerized tomography/computed tomography (SPECT/CT) to check the differences. The images showed that almost no intestinal radioactivity can be found in those 12 drained rats while discernible radioactivity in the two undrained rats. The results also indicated that the most of the radioactivity was excreted from the bile within the first 12 h, accounting to 92% within 24 h. The radioactive metabolites in the small and large intestines peaked at 12 h and 18 h, respectively. No differences were found in those two ways of drainages. Thus bile drainage is highly recommended for the patients who were treated by 131I-Hyp if human being and rats have a similar excretion pattern. This strategy can be clinically achieved by using a nasobiliary or nasoduodenal drainage catheter. PMID:25956680

  10. Five months' follow-up of patients with and without iodine-positive lymph node metastases of thyroid carcinoma as disclosed by (131)I-SPECT/CT at the first radioablation.

    PubMed

    Schmidt, Daniela; Linke, Rainer; Uder, Michael; Kuwert, Torsten

    2010-04-01

    In differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC), (131)I-SPECT/CT is more accurate in identifying radioiodine-positive lymph node metastases (LNM) than planar whole-body scans (WBS). The purpose of this study was to investigate the value of (131)I-SPECT/CT performed at the first radioablation to predict the occurrence and/or persistence of cervical radioiodine-positive LNM 5 months later. The study included 81 DTC patients that had had SPECT/ spiral CT after radioablation of thyroid remnants after thyroidectomy. The patients were re-examined 5 months later using (131)I-WBS performed at TSH stimulation. In addition, SPECT/CT of the neck was performed in patients with iodine-positive cervical foci to distinguish between thyroid remnant and LNM. The outcome variable of the study was the detection or exclusion of iodine-positive cervical LNM. Of 61 patients without a SPECT/CT diagnosis of (131)I-positive LNM at radioablation, 60 had no (131)I-positive LNM at follow-up. In the remaining patient of this group, a new radioiodine-positive LNM was detected. In 17 of 20 patients with a SPECT/CT diagnosis of (131)I-positive LNM (n = 19) or an indeterminate lesion (n = 1) at first radioablation, no (131)I-positive LNM were detected 5 months later. Radioiodine-positive LNM persisted in three patients of this group. (131)I-SPECT/CT has a high negative predictive value with regard to the occurrence of radioiodine-positive cervical LNM 5 months after initial therapy. The majority of iodine-positive LNM diagnosed by SPECT/CT at radioablation disappear within 5 months. These findings motivate further research into the value of (131)I-SPECT/CT of the neck for predicting recurrence and planning surgical reintervention in DTC.

  11. Determining thyroid {sup 131}I effective half-life for the treatment planning of Graves' disease

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Willegaignon, Jose; Sapienza, Marcelo T.; Barberio Coura Filho, George

    2013-02-15

    Purpose: Thyroid {sup 131}I effective half-life (T{sub eff}) is an essential parameter in patient therapy when accurate radiation dose is desirable for producing an intended therapeutic outcome. Multiple {sup 131}I uptake measurements and resources from patients themselves and from nuclear medicine facilities are requisites for determining T{sub eff}, these being limiting factors when implementing the treatment planning of Graves' disease (GD) in radionuclide therapy. With the aim of optimizing this process, this study presents a practical, propitious, and accurate method of determining T{sub eff} for dosimetric purposes. Methods: A total of 50 patients with GD were included in this prospectivemore » study. Thyroidal {sup 131}I uptake was measured at 2-h, 6-h, 24-h, 48-h, 96-h, and 220-h postradioiodine administration. T{sub eff} was calculated by considering sets of two measured points (24-48-h, 24-96-h, and 24-220-h), sets of three (24-48-96-h, 24-48-220-h, and 24-96-220-h), and sets of four (24-48-96-220-h). Results: When considering all the measured points, the representative T{sub eff} for all the patients was 6.95 ({+-}0.81) days, whereas when using such sets of points as (24-220-h), (24-96-220-h), and (24-48-220-h), this was 6.85 ({+-}0.81), 6.90 ({+-}0.81), and 6.95 ({+-}0.81) days, respectively. According to the mean deviations 2.2 ({+-}2.4)%, 2.1 ({+-}2.0)%, and 0.04 ({+-}0.09)% found in T{sub eff}, calculated based on all the measured points in time, and with methods using the (24-220-h), (24-48-220-h), and (24-96-220-h) sets, respectively, no meaningful statistical difference was noted among the three methods (p > 0.500, t test). Conclusions: T{sub eff} obtained from only two thyroid {sup 131}I uptakes measured at 24-h and 220-h, besides proving to be sufficient, accurate enough, and easily applicable, attributes additional major cost-benefits for patients, and facilitates the application of the method for dosimetric purposes in the treatment planning

  12. Dosimetry for 131Cs and 125I seeds in solid water phantom using radiochromic EBT film.

    PubMed

    Chiu-Tsao, Sou-Tung; Napoli, John J; Davis, Stephen D; Hanley, Joseph; Rivard, Mark J

    2014-09-01

    To measure the 2D dose distributions with submillimeter resolution for (131)Cs (model CS-1 Rev2) and (125)I (model 6711) seeds in a Solid Water phantom using radiochromic EBT film for radial distances from 0.06cm to 5cm. To determine the TG-43 dosimetry parameters in water by applying Solid Water to liquid water correction factors generated from Monte Carlo simulations. Each film piece was positioned horizontally above and in close contact with a (131)Cs or (125)I seed oriented horizontally in a machined groove at the center of a Solid Water phantom, one film at a time. A total of 74 and 50 films were exposed to the (131)Cs and (125)I seeds, respectively. Different film sizes were utilized to gather data in different distance ranges. The exposure time varied according to the seed air-kerma strength and film size in order to deliver doses in the range covered by the film calibration curve. Small films were exposed for shorter times to assess the near field, while larger films were exposed for longer times in order to assess the far field. For calibration, films were exposed to either 40kV (M40) or 50kV (M50) x-rays in air at 100.0cm SSD with doses ranging from 0.2Gy to 40Gy. All experimental, calibration and background films were scanned at a 0.02cmpixel resolution using a CCD camera-based microdensitometer with a green light source. Data acquisition and scanner uniformity correction were achieved with Microd3 software. Data analysis was performed using ImageJ, FV, IDL and Excel software packages. 2D dose distributions were based on the calibration curve established for 50kV x-rays. The Solid Water to liquid water medium correction was calculated using the MCNP5 Monte Carlo code. Subsequently, the TG-43 dosimetry parameters in liquid water medium were determined. Values for the dose-rate constants using EBT film were 1.069±0.036 and 0.923±0.031cGyU(-1)h(-1) for (131)Cs and (125)I seed, respectively. The corresponding values determined using the Monte Carlo method

  13. SIB-DOTA: a trifunctional prosthetic group potentially amenable for multi-modal labeling that enhances tumor uptake of internalizing monoclonal antibodies.

    PubMed

    Vaidyanathan, G; White, B J; Affleck, D J; Zhao, X G; Welsh, P C; McDougald, D; Choi, J; Zalutsky, M R

    2012-12-15

    A major drawback of internalizing monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) radioiodinated with direct electrophilic approaches is that tumor retention of radioactivity is compromised by the rapid washout of iodo-tyrosine, the primary labeled catabolite for mAbs labeled via this strategy. In our continuing efforts to develop more versatile residualizing labels that could overcome this problem, we have designed SIB-DOTA, a prosthetic labeling template that combines the features of the prototypical, dehalogenation-resistant N-succinimidyl 3-iodobenzoate (SIB) with DOTA, a useful macrocyclic chelator for labeling with radiometals. Herein we describe the synthesis of the unlabeled standard of this prosthetic moiety, its protected tin precursor, and radioiodinated SIB-DOTA. An anti-EGFRvIII-reactive mAb, L8A4 was radiolabeled with [(131)I]SIB-DOTA in 27.1±6.2% (n=2) conjugation yields and its targeting properties to the same mAb labeled with [(125)I]SGMIB both in vitro and in vivo using U87MG·ΔEGFR cells and xenografts were compared. In vitro paired-label internalization assays showed that the intracellular radioactivity from [(131)I]SIB-DOTA-L8A4 was 21.4±0.5% and 26.2±1.1% of initially bound radioactivity at 16 and 24h, respectively. In comparison, these values for [(125)I]SGMIB-L8A4 were 16.7±0.5% and 14.9±1.1%. Similarly, the SIB-DOTA prosthetic group provided better tumor targeting in vivo than SGMIB over 8 d period. These results suggest that SIB-DOTA warrants further evaluation as a residualizing agent for labeling internalizing mAbs including those targeted to EGFRvIII. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  14. Sodium-iodine symporter gene expression controlled by the EGR-1 promoter: biodistribution, imaging and in vitro radionuclide therapy with Na(131)I.

    PubMed

    Tang, Jun; Wang, Xiaoxia; Xu, Yuanqi; Shi, Yizhen; Liu, Zengli; Yang, Yi

    2015-02-01

    The objective of this study is to explore the feasibility of radioiodine treatment for cervical cancer using the early growth response (Egr-1) promoter to control sodium-iodine symporter (hNIS) gene expression. The hNIS gene was previously transfected into Hela cells under the control of either the cytomegalovirus (CMV) or Egr-1 promoters. Na(125)I uptake was measured in the presence or absence of NaClO4. Na(125)I efflux was measured. The effects of external beam radiation on iodine uptake and retention were studied. The cytotoxic effects of (131)I were measured by clonogenic assay. The Na(125)I biodistribution was obtained using mice bearing control and transfected cells. The %ID/g of tumor and major organs were obtained for a range of times up to 48 hours post injection and the ratio of tumor to non-tumor activity (T/NT) was calculated. Tumors were imaged with Na(131)I and (99m)TcO4 (-), and the ratio of tumor to background activity (T/B) was calculated. Na(125)I uptake in Hela cells was minimal in the absence of hNIS. Uptake in the transfected cells was strong, and could be blocked by NaClO4. The iodine uptake of Hela-Egr-1-hNIS cells increased after the irradiation, and the magnitude of this effect approximately matched the radiation dose delivered. The efflux of 125I was affected by neither the promoter sequence nor pre-irradiation. (131)I reduced the clonogenic survival of symporter expressing cells, relative to the parental line. The effect was greatest in cells where hNIS was driven by the CMV promoter. Tumors formed from Hela-Egr-1-hNIS concentrated Na(125)I over a 12 hour period, in contrast to untransfected cells. These tumors could also be successfully imaged using either Na(131)I or (99m)TcO4 (-). (131)I uptake peaked at 4h, while (99m)TcO4 (-) accumulated over approximately 20 hours. In vivo uptake of (131)I and (99m)TcO4 (-) was slightly higher in cells transfected with the Egr-1 promoter, compared to CMV. Hela-Egr-1-hNIS cells demonstrate highly

  15. 77 FR 71432 - Agency Information Collection Activities: Application for Travel Document, Form Number I-131...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-11-30

    ...-0013] Agency Information Collection Activities: Application for Travel Document, Form Number I-131... information collection as DACA recipients that can establish a need to travel outside of the United States based on humanitarian, employment or education reasons will be able to request advance parole documents...

  16. THE USE OF I$sup 125$ LABELED DIIODOFLUORESCEIN IN THE DETECTION OF HUMAN INTRAOCULAR NEOPLASMS

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Goren, S.B.; Newell, E.W.; Brizel, H.E.

    The new method which is described is believed to be superior to the usual method for detection of intraocular tumors using P/sup 32/. Because of the limited penetration of beta rays, the use of P/sup 32/ imposes relatively strict geometric restrictions and its usefulness in posterior-segment tumors is limited. The patient receives a single intravenous injection of 5.0 mu c/kg body weight of diiodofluorescein-I/sup 125/, the specific activity of which is 17 mg/mc. External counting over each closed eye is carried out with a hand scintillation counter 1, 5, 8, and 24 hr after injection. Ocular counts are performed bymore » resting the window of the counter against the closed lids; the cavernous sinus is measured by placing the counter just above the bridge of the nose. ln the 17 patients studied, eyes with neoplasms contained at least 23% more radioactivity after 8 hr than did the healthy eye. Control eyes, not containing neoplasms (idiopathic retinal detachment, retinoschisis, benign nevus, macular degeneration, phthisis bulbi, absolute glaucoma), showed less than a 13% differential. One false negative test was obtained, a patient with a metastatic bronchogenic adenocarcinoma to the choroid; no false positives were seen. Diiodofluorescein labeled with I/sup 131/ has been widely used as a diagnostic aid in suspected intracranial neoplasms. However, since the gamma rays of I/sup 131/ have a half-value layer in tissue of 6.9 cm, it has not been helpful in ocular disease; the gamma rays arising from the cavernous sinus interfere with accurate counting of intraocular radiation. I/sup 125/ decays by a complicated scheme, the most important as far as ocular studies are concerned being soft photons of 27.3 and 35.4 kev energies. It has a half-value layer in tissue of 1.9 to 2.5 cm. Therefore, it is feasible to measure radiation of the posterior globe with only minimal interference from radiation arising in the brain sinuses. Its half-life of 60 days results in a greatly

  17. Liquid discharges from patients undergoing 131I treatments.

    PubMed

    Barquero, R; Basurto, F; Nuñez, C; Esteban, R

    2008-10-01

    This work discusses the production and management of liquid radioactive wastes as excretas from patients undergoing therapy procedures with 131I radiopharmaceuticals in Spain. The activity in the sewage has been estimated with and without waste radioactive decay tanks. Two common therapy procedures have been considered, the thyroid cancer (4.14 GBq administered per treatment), and the hyperthyroidism (414 MBq administered per treatment). The calculations were based on measurements of external exposure around the 244 hyperthyroidism patients and 23 thyroid cancer patients. The estimated direct activity discharged to the sewage for two thyroid carcinomas and three hyperthyroidisms was 14.57 GBq and 1.27 GBq, respectively, per week; the annual doses received by the most exposed individual (sewage worker) were 164 microSv and 13 microSv, respectively. General equations to calculate the activity as a function of the number of patient treated each week were also obtained.

  18. Sialoendoscopy combined with an internal stent and postoperative massage as a comprehensive treatment of delayed I131-induced parotitis.

    PubMed

    Meng, Q; Fang, W; Long, X; Deng, M; Li, J; Ke, J

    2017-09-01

    A common complication of radioiodine (I 131 ) treatment of thyroid cancer is parotitis. Here we describe our clinical experience in treating delayed I 131 -induced parotitis using sialoendoscopy together with an internal stent and postoperative massage. In this retrospective cohort study we reviewed 32 patients who were treated in that way under general anaesthesia between July 2010 and March 2015. Their age, sex, and the time to development of the parotitis were collected from the hospital's database. All patients were evaluated using a visual analogue scale (VAS), sialography, and computed tomography preoperatively. The analyses of VAS scores were made during postoperative follow-up visits. We used the paired Student's t test and one-way ANOVA to assess the significance of differences, and probabilities of < 0.05 were accepted as significant. The mean (SD) age of the 32 patients was 50 (11) years, and they developed symptoms of delayed parotitis after a mean (SD) of 12 (11) months. The mean time between treatment with I 131 and sialoendoscopy was 26 (10) months. Ductal stenosis was the most common sialoendoscopic feature, together with mucous plugs and fibrosis. Fifty of the 56 ducts were successfully dilated by sialoendoscopy, and VAS scores significantly decreased from a preoperative 7.3 (1.1) to a postoperative 3.3 (2.1) (p=0.000) during follow-up of 3 - 41 months. Sialoendoscopic interventions combined with an internal stent and postoperative massage may be optimal comprehensive treatment for delayed I 131 -induced parotitis. Copyright © 2017 The British Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  19. 76 FR 81517 - Agency Information Collection Activities: Form I-131, Revision of an Existing Information...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-12-28

    ...-Day Notice of Information Collection Under Review: Form I- 131, Application for Travel Document. The... burden and associated response time should be directed to the Department of Homeland Security (DHS... estimate of the burden of the proposed collection of information, including the validity of the methodology...

  20. (99m)Tc(CO)3(NTA): a (99m)Tc renal tracer with pharmacokinetic properties comparable to those of (131)I-OIH in healthy volunteers.

    PubMed

    Taylor, Andrew T; Lipowska, Malgorzata; Marzilli, Luigi G

    2010-03-01

    Studies in rats showed that the pharmacokinetics of the tricarbonyl core radiopharmaceutical (99m)Tc(CO)(3)-nitrilotriacetic acid, (99m)Tc(CO)(3)(NTA), were essentially identical to those of (131)I ortho-iodohippuran ((131)I-OIH), the clinical gold standard for the measurement of effective renal plasma flow. Our objective was to compare the pharmacokinetics of these 2 tracers in healthy volunteers. (99m)Tc(CO)(3)(NTA) was prepared with commercially available NTA and a commercially available kit and isolated by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. Approximately 74 MBq (2 mCi) of (99m)Tc(CO)(3)(NTA) were coinjected with 9.25 MBq (250 microCi) of (131)I-OIH in 9 volunteers, and simultaneous imaging of each tracer was performed for 24 min. Plasma clearances were determined from 8 blood samples obtained 3-90 min after injection using the single-injection, 2-compartment model. Plasma protein binding, red cell uptake, and percentage injected dose in the urine at 30 and 180 min were determined. There was no difference in the plasma clearances of (99m)Tc(CO)(3)(NTA) and (131)I-OIH, 475 +/- 105 mL/min versus 472 +/- 108 mL/min, respectively. The plasma protein binding and red cell uptake of (99m)Tc(CO)(3)(NTA) were 43% +/- 5% and 9% +/- 6%, respectively; both values were significantly lower (P < 0.001) than the plasma protein binding (75% +/- 3%) and red cell uptake (17% +/- 5%) of (131)I-OIH. There was no significant difference in the percentage injected dose recovered in the urine at 30 min and at 3 h; for comparison, the percentage dose in the urine at 3 h was 91% +/- 4% for (99m)Tc(CO)(3)(NTA) and 91% +/- 6% for (131)I-OIH (P = 0.96). Image quality with (99m)Tc(CO)(3)(NTA) was excellent, and the renogram parameters were similar to those of (131)I-OIH. Preliminary results in healthy volunteers suggest that the pharmacokinetic behavior of (99m)Tc(CO)(3)(NTA) is comparable to that of (131)I-OIH.

  1. Hiatal hernia uptake of iodine-131 mimicking mediastinal metastasis of papillary thyroid carcinoma.

    PubMed

    Haghighatafshar, Mahdi; Khajehrahimi, Farnaz

    2015-01-01

    There are a few case reports of hiatal hernia demonstrating thoracic uptake on I-131 scintigraphy. In this case, high thyroglobulin levels in combination with misinterpretation of I-131 uptake in the mediastinum, leaded to mismanagement of the patient. Here we present a case of focal I-131 uptake within a hiatal hernia initially mimicking an isolated mediastinal metastasis. There are many potential causes of false-positive I-131 scan result. In this case, adjunctive chest computed tomography and gastroesophageal barium study helped to elucidate the true nature of this I-131 uptake. False-positive findings may be caused by a wide variety of nonthyroidal carcinomas, which can concentrate radioiodine or from skin contamination. Several organs, such as the gastric, salivary glands, renal cyst, pericardial effusion, and ovarian can accumulate I-131. It should be borne in mind as a potential source of false-positive whole-body I-131 imaging.

  2. 131I activity quantification of gamma camera planar images.

    PubMed

    Barquero, Raquel; Garcia, Hugo P; Incio, Monica G; Minguez, Pablo; Cardenas, Alexander; Martínez, Daniel; Lassmann, Michael

    2017-02-07

    A procedure to estimate the activity in target tissues in patients during the therapeutic administration of 131 I radiopharmaceutical treatment for thyroid conditions (hyperthyroidism and differentiated thyroid cancer) using a gamma camera (GC) with a high energy (HE) collimator, is proposed. Planar images are acquired for lesions of different sizes r, and at different distances d, in two HE GC systems. Defining a region of interest (ROI) on the image of size r, total counts n g are measured. Sensitivity S (cps MBq -1 ) in each acquisition is estimated as the product of the geometric G and the intrinsic efficiency η 0 . The mean fluence of 364 keV photons arriving at the ROI per disintegration G, is calculated with the MCNPX code, simulating the entire GC and the HE collimator. Intrinsic efficiency η 0 is estimated from a calibration measurement of a plane reference source of 131 I in air. Values of G and S for two GC systems-Philips Skylight and Siemens e-cam-are calculated. The total range of possible sensitivity values in thyroidal imaging in the e-cam and skylight GC measure from 7 cps MBq -1 to 35 cps MBq -1 , and from 6 cps MBq -1 to 29 cps MBq -1 , respectively. These sensitivity values have been verified with the SIMIND code, with good agreement between them. The results have been validated with experimental measurements in air, and in a medium with scatter and attenuation. The counts in the ROI can be produced by direct, scatter and penetration photons. The fluence value for direct photons is constant for any r and d values, but scatter and penetration photons show different values related to specific r and d values, resulting in the large sensitivity differences found. The sensitivity in thyroidal GC planar imaging is strongly dependent on uptake size, and distance from the GC. An individual value for the acquisition sensitivity of each lesion can significantly alleviate the level of uncertainty in the measurement of thyroid uptake activity for each

  3. 131I activity quantification of gamma camera planar images

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Barquero, Raquel; Garcia, Hugo P.; Incio, Monica G.; Minguez, Pablo; Cardenas, Alexander; Martínez, Daniel; Lassmann, Michael

    2017-02-01

    A procedure to estimate the activity in target tissues in patients during the therapeutic administration of 131I radiopharmaceutical treatment for thyroid conditions (hyperthyroidism and differentiated thyroid cancer) using a gamma camera (GC) with a high energy (HE) collimator, is proposed. Planar images are acquired for lesions of different sizes r, and at different distances d, in two HE GC systems. Defining a region of interest (ROI) on the image of size r, total counts n g are measured. Sensitivity S (cps MBq-1) in each acquisition is estimated as the product of the geometric G and the intrinsic efficiency η 0. The mean fluence of 364 keV photons arriving at the ROI per disintegration G, is calculated with the MCNPX code, simulating the entire GC and the HE collimator. Intrinsic efficiency η 0 is estimated from a calibration measurement of a plane reference source of 131I in air. Values of G and S for two GC systems—Philips Skylight and Siemens e-cam—are calculated. The total range of possible sensitivity values in thyroidal imaging in the e-cam and skylight GC measure from 7 cps MBq-1 to 35 cps MBq-1, and from 6 cps MBq-1 to 29 cps MBq-1, respectively. These sensitivity values have been verified with the SIMIND code, with good agreement between them. The results have been validated with experimental measurements in air, and in a medium with scatter and attenuation. The counts in the ROI can be produced by direct, scatter and penetration photons. The fluence value for direct photons is constant for any r and d values, but scatter and penetration photons show different values related to specific r and d values, resulting in the large sensitivity differences found. The sensitivity in thyroidal GC planar imaging is strongly dependent on uptake size, and distance from the GC. An individual value for the acquisition sensitivity of each lesion can significantly alleviate the level of uncertainty in the measurement of thyroid uptake activity for each patient.

  4. I-131 rose bengal excretion test is not dead

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Antico, V.F.; Denhartog, P.; Ash, J.M.

    1985-03-01

    One hundred and thirty I-131 Rose Bengal Excretion Studies (RBI) were performed on 84 patients over nine years. In 90% (56/60) of cases with biliary atresia, the 72-hour RBI was less than or equal to 7%. In only 12.5% (3/24) of cases with neonatal hepatitis was the 72-hour RBI less than or equal to 7%. The accuracy of the test was 91% with a specificity of 88%. Thirty patients later were studied following a Kasai procedure. The RBI test reliably predicted the patency of the anastomosis. The authors conclude that the 72-hour RBI is a reliable test in the diagnosismore » of biliary atresia and in the documentation of biliary patency following surgery, provided adequate care is taken in stool collection and measurement.« less

  5. The Molecular Effect of Diagnostic Absorbed Doses from 131I on Papillary Thyroid Cancer Cells In Vitro.

    PubMed

    Stasiołek, Mariusz; Adamczewski, Zbigniew; Śliwka, Przemysław W; Puła, Bartosz; Karwowski, Bolesław; Merecz-Sadowska, Anna; Dedecjus, Marek; Lewiński, Andrzej

    2017-06-15

    Diagnostic whole-body scan is a standard procedure in patients with thyroid cancer prior to the application of a therapeutic dose of 131 I. Unfortunately, administration of the radioisotope in a diagnostic dose may decrease further radioiodine uptake-the phenomenon called "thyroid stunning". We estimated radiation absorbed dose-dependent changes in genetic material, in particular in the sodium iodide symporter (NIS) gene promoter, and the NIS protein level in a K1 cell line derived from the metastasis of a human papillary thyroid carcinoma exposed to 131 I in culture. The different activities applied were calculated to result in absorbed doses of 5, 10 and 20 Gy. Radioiodine did not affect the expression of the NIS gene at the mRNA level, however, we observed significant changes in the NIS protein level in K1 cells. The decrease of the NIS protein level observed in the cells subjected to the lowest absorbed dose was paralleled by a significant increase in 8-oxo-dG concentrations ( p < 0.01) and followed by late activation of the DNA repair pathways. Our findings suggest that the impact of 131 I radiation on thyroid cells, in the range compared to doses absorbed during diagnostic procedures, is not linear and depends on various factors including the cellular components of thyroid pathology.

  6. Effects of GH/IGF-I Axis on Retinal Vascular Morphology: Retinal Vascular Characteristics in a Clinical Setting with Severe IGF-I Deficiency.

    PubMed

    Sekeroglu, Hande Taylan; Kadayıfcılar, Sibel; Kasım, Burcu; Arslan, Umut; Ozon, Alev

    2016-01-01

    The purpose of this study was to assess retinal vascular characteristics of patients with Laron syndrome (LS) as a genetic model of IGF-I deficiency before and after rhIGF1/IGFBP3 treatment and to compare them with healthy controls. A total of 28 subjects (11 LS, and 17 controls) were enrolled. Patients with LS received combined rhIGF1/rhIGFBP3 1-2 mg/kg/d in a single dose and digital fundus imaging was performed. The number of branching points and tortuosity of retinal vessels were studied. Pre- and post-treatment findings were compared with each other and with controls. The number of branching points was significantly lower in patients with LS in comparison to controls (12.73 ± 3.41, and 17.47 ± 5.82 respectively, p = 0.012). This difference persisted after treatment (12.09 ± 2.66 post-treatment LS versus controls, p = 0.017). Tortuosity indices of nasal arteries (NA) were significantly less in LS than that of controls (upper NA 1.07 ± 0.04 and 1.12 ± 0.06 respectively p = 0.022; lower NA 1.07 ± 0.03 and 1.13 ± 0.07 respectively, p = 0.004). This difference also persisted following treatment (p < 0.05). Remaining vessels did not differ in tortuosity index. There was no significant difference of tortuosity index and number of branching points before and after treatment in patients with LS. Retinal vascular development may be adversely affected in the setting of severe IGF-I deficiency confirming a major role for GH/IGF-I axis during retinal vascular development in humans antenatally. Resolution of IGF-I deficiency following birth using rhIGF1, however, may not reverse these changes, suggesting that IGF-I may be necessary but insufficient by itself for postnatal angiogenesis.

  7. A bioassay experience and lessons learned on the internal contamination of (131)I during a maintenance period in a Korean nuclear power plant.

    PubMed

    Kim, Hee Geun; Kong, Tae Young

    2012-08-01

    During a maintenance period at a Korean nuclear power plant, internal exposure of radiation workers occurred by the inhalation of (131)I that was released into the reactor building from a primary system opening due to defective fuels. The internal activity in radiation workers contaminated by (131)I was immediately measured using a whole body counter (WBC). A whole body counting was performed again a few days later, considering the factors of equilibrium in the body. The intake and the committed effective dose were estimated based on the WBC results. The intake was also calculated by hand, based on both the entrance records to the reactor building, and the counted results of the air concentration for (131)I were compared with the whole body counting results.

  8. Radioiodine (1-131) Dose for the Treatment of Hyperthyroidism in Rajavithi Hospital.

    PubMed

    Kuanrakcharoen, Pichit

    2016-02-01

    The main cause of hyperthyroidism is diffuse toxic goiter (Graves' disease), and the treatment of choice after medical therapy failure is radioiodine (I-131). There are two common methods of determining the optimal I-131 dose: calculated dose or fixed dose. The calculated dose method is based on the following formula: 75-200 microcuri/gram of thyroid gland divided by the percentage of radioiodine uptake at 24 hours (24-hour RAIU). As this is quite complex, some centers use fixed doses, such as 5, 10 or 15 mCi because it is simpler. At Rajavithi Hospital, the applied dose of I-131 is determined based on the thyroid gland weight assessed by palpation and other clinical factors. To study the mean I-131 dose for the initial treatment of hyperthyroidism in Rajavithi Hospital, to find the clinical factors that correlate with I-131 treatment dose, and to devise a formula to predict the optimal I-131 treatment dose. This was a retrospective study of 510 patients with a diagnosis of hyperthyroidism who received initial I-131 treatment at the Department of Nuclear Medicine in Rajavithi Hospital between January 2014 and June 2015. Baseline characteristics including age, sex, age at diagnosis, duration of antithyroid drug (ATD) therapy, gland weight (g), 3-hour RAIU and I-131 treatment dose were reviewed from medical records. The mean age ± SD was 41.93 ± 14.11 years (range 14-81 years), and the male to female ratio was 4.1:1. The mean duration of ATD therapy was 3.54 ± 4.02 years (min-max, 0.8-40.6 years). The mean gland weight was 54.35 ± 32.95 grams, and the mean 3-hour RAIU was 55.5 ± 23.69%. The mean I-131 treatment dose was 14.84 ± 5.71 mCi (min-max, 7-30 mCi). There was no significant correlation between dose and age, age at diagnosis, duration of A TD therapy or 3-hour RAIU. The study showed a significant correlation between I-131 dose and gland size, r = 0.938 (p < 0.001), and the regression relationship equation was: 1-131 dose = 0.235 gland size, r = 0.938. I

  9. Stable isotopic labeling-based quantitative targeted glycomics (i-QTaG).

    PubMed

    Kim, Kyoung-Jin; Kim, Yoon-Woo; Kim, Yun-Gon; Park, Hae-Min; Jin, Jang Mi; Hwan Kim, Young; Yang, Yung-Hun; Kyu Lee, Jun; Chung, Junho; Lee, Sun-Gu; Saghatelian, Alan

    2015-01-01

    Mass spectrometry (MS) analysis combined with stable isotopic labeling is a promising method for the relative quantification of aberrant glycosylation in diseases and disorders. We developed a stable isotopic labeling-based quantitative targeted glycomics (i-QTaG) technique for the comparative and quantitative analysis of total N-glycans using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). We established the analytical procedure with the chemical derivatizations (i.e., sialic acid neutralization and stable isotopic labeling) of N-glycans using a model glycoprotein (bovine fetuin). Moreover, the i-QTaG using MALDI-TOF MS was evaluated with various molar ratios (1:1, 1:2, 1:5) of (13) C6 /(12) C6 -2-aminobenzoic acid-labeled glycans from normal human serum. Finally, this method was applied to direct comparison of the total N-glycan profiles between normal human sera (n = 8) and prostate cancer patient sera (n = 17). The intensities of the N-glycan peaks from i-QTaG method showed a good linearity (R(2) > 0.99) with the amount of the bovine fetuin glycoproteins. The ratios of relative intensity between the isotopically 2-AA labeled N-glycans were close to the theoretical molar ratios (1:1, 1:2, 1:5). We also demonstrated that the up-regulation of the Lewis antigen (~82%) in sera from prostate cancer patients. In this proof-of-concept study, we demonstrated that the i-QTaG method, which enables to achieve a reliable comparative quantitation of total N-glycans via MALDI-TOF MS analysis, has the potential to diagnose and monitor alterations in glycosylation associated with disease states or biotherapeutics. © 2015 American Institute of Chemical Engineers.

  10. Vascular viscoelasticity of perfused rat hindquarters.

    PubMed

    Chihara, E; Morimoto, T; Shigemi, K; Natsuyama, T; Hashimoto, S

    1991-06-01

    To determine viscoelastic features of the rat hindquarters vasculature, we measured pressure-volume curves. Male Wistar rats were transected at the lumbar level, and the perfused hindquarters were oxygenated with a hollow fiber artificial lung. The blood volume was measured by counting 51Cr-labeled red cells led to a gamma counter through an extracorporeal circuit at a constant rate. With continuous monitoring of the venous pressure and circulating blood volume, saline was infused into the circuit from a venous branch for 5 min [1.2 +/- 0.3% (SD) of tissue weight] followed by a 10-min recovery phase. In the recovery phase, the venous pressure promptly declined to the preinfusion level, whereas the circulating blood volume decreased more slowly. This implied vascular stress relaxation of the hindquarters. Maxwell's viscoelastic model, consisting of a spring component and a viscous component, was applied to analyze the venous pressure-volume diagram. With a curve-fitting method, the calculated vascular compliance and relaxation time (a time constant of stress relaxation) were 1.31 +/- 0.14 ml.mmHg-1.kg-1 and 15.7 +/- 4.0 min (means +/- SE), respectively. The value of compliance of the hindquarters was smaller than those of visceral organs reported. In addition, the value for relaxation time suggests that the viscous response of the vasculature simultaneously overlaps change in blood volume due to extravascular fluid shift during the postinfusion period.

  11. A predictive mathematical model for the calculation of the final mass of Graves' disease thyroids treated with 131I

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Traino, Antonio C.; Di Martino, Fabio; Grosso, Mariano; Monzani, Fabio; Dardano, Angela; Caraccio, Nadia; Mariani, Giuliano; Lazzeri, Mauro

    2005-05-01

    Substantial reductions in thyroid volume (up to 70-80%) after radioiodine therapy of Graves' hyperthyroidism are common and have been reported in the literature. A relationship between thyroid volume reduction and outcome of 131I therapy of Graves' disease has been reported by some authors. This important result could be used to decide individually the optimal radioiodine activity A0 (MBq) to administer to the patient, but a predictive model relating the change in gland volume to A0 is required. Recently, a mathematical model of thyroid mass reduction during the clearance phase (30-35 days) after 131I administration to patients with Graves' disease has been published and used as the basis for prescribing the therapeutic thyroid absorbed dose. It is well known that the thyroid volume reduction goes on until 1 year after therapy. In this paper, a mathematical model to predict the final mass of Graves' diseased thyroids submitted to 131I therapy is presented. This model represents a tentative explanation of what occurs macroscopically after the end of the clearance phase of radioiodine in the gland (the so-called second-order effects). It is shown that the final thyroid mass depends on its basal mass, on the radiation dose absorbed by the gland and on a constant value α typical of thyroid tissue. α has been evaluated based on a set of measurements made in 15 reference patients affected by Graves' disease and submitted to 131I therapy. A predictive equation for the calculation of the final mass of thyroid is presented. It is based on macroscopic parameters measurable after a diagnostic 131I capsule administration (0.37-1.85 MBq), before giving the therapy. The final mass calculated using this equation is compared to the final mass of thyroid measured 1 year after therapy administration in 22 Graves' diseased patients. The final masses calculated and measured 1 year after therapy are in fairly good agreement (R = 0.81). The possibility, for the physician, to decide a

  12. Atmospheric removal times of the aerosol-bound radionuclides 137Cs and 131I measured after the Fukushima Dai-ichi nuclear accident - a constraint for air quality and climate models

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Kristiansen, N. I.; Stohl, A.; Wotawa, G.

    2012-11-01

    Caesium-137 (137Cs) and iodine-131 (131I) are radionuclides of particular concern during nuclear accidents, because they are emitted in large amounts and are of significant health impact. 137Cs and 131I attach to the ambient accumulation-mode (AM) aerosols and share their fate as the aerosols are removed from the atmosphere by scavenging within clouds, precipitation and dry deposition. Here, we estimate their removal times from the atmosphere using a unique high-precision global measurement data set collected over several months after the accident at the Fukushima Dai-ichi nuclear power plant in March 2011. The noble gas xenon-133 (133Xe), also released during the accident, served as a passive tracer of air mass transport for determining the removal times of 137Cs and 131I via the decrease in the measured ratios 137Cs/133Xe and 131I/133Xe over time. After correction for radioactive decay, the 137Cs/133Xe ratios reflect the removal of aerosols by wet and dry deposition, whereas the 131I/133Xe ratios are also influenced by aerosol production from gaseous 131I. We find removal times for 137Cs of 10.0-13.9 days and for 131I of 17.1-24.2 days during April and May 2011. The removal time of 131I is longer due to the aerosol production from gaseous 131I, thus the removal time for 137Cs serves as a better estimate for aerosol lifetime. The removal time of 131I is of interest for semi-volatile species. We discuss possible caveats (e.g. late emissions, resuspension) that can affect the results, and compare the 137Cs removal times with observation-based and modeled aerosol lifetimes. Our 137Cs removal time of 10.0-13.9 days should be representative of a "background" AM aerosol well mixed in the extratropical Northern Hemisphere troposphere. It is expected that the lifetime of this vertically mixed background aerosol is longer than the lifetime of fresh AM aerosols directly emitted from surface sources. However, the substantial difference to the mean lifetimes of AM aerosols

  13. Iodine-131 metaiodobenzylguanidine treatment for metastatic carcinoid. Results in 98 patients.

    PubMed

    Safford, Shawn D; Coleman, R Edward; Gockerman, Jon P; Moore, Joseph; Feldman, Jerome; Onaitis, Mark W; Tyler, Douglas S; Olson, John A

    2004-11-01

    Iodine-131 metaiodobenzylguanidine (131I-MIBG) is useful for imaging carcinoid tumors and recently has been applied to the palliative treatment of metastatic carcinoid in small studies. The authors now report their results on the therapeutic utility of high-dose 131I-MIBG treatment in a large group of patients with metastatic carcinoid tumors. The authors performed a retrospective review of 98 patients with metastatic carcinoid who were treated at their institution with 131I-MIBG over a 15-year period. Endpoints examined included the World Health Organization criteria for treatment response: symptoms, hormone (5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid [5-HIAA]) production, and clinical tumor response. Patients received a median dose of 401 +/- 202 millicuries (mCi) 131I-MIBG. The median survival after treatment was 2.3 years. Patients who experienced a symptomatic response had improved survival (5.76 years vs. 2.09 years; P < 0.01). For the 56 patients who had 5-HIAA levels monitored, the mean urine 5-HIAA levels decreased significantly after 131I-MIBG treatment (126 +/- 122 ng/mL vs. 91 +/- 125 ng/mL; P < 0.01); however, the patients with reduced 5-HIAA levels did not experience improved survival (4.11 years vs. 3.42 years; P = 0.2). Patients who received an initial 131I-MIBG dose > 400 mCi lived longer than patients who received < 400 mCi (4.69 years vs. 1.86 years; P = 0.05). Radiographic tumor response did not predict survival. Toxicity included pancytopenia, thrombocytopenia, nausea, and emesis. The current data support 131I-MIBG treatment in select patients with metastatic carcinoid who progress despite optimal medical management. Improved survival was predicted best by symptomatic response to 131I-MIBG treatment, but not by hormone or radiographic response.

  14. Radiation exposure and radiation protection of the physician in iodine-131 Lipiodol therapy of liver tumours.

    PubMed

    Risse, J H; Ponath, C; Palmedo, H; Menzel, C; Grünwald, F; Biersack, H J

    2001-07-01

    Intra-arterial iodine-131 labelled Lipiodol therapy for liver cancer has been investigated for safety and efficacy over a number of years, but data on radiation exposure of personnel have remained unavailable to date. The aim of this study was to assess the radiation exposure of the physician during intra-arterial 131I-Lipiodol therapy for liver malignancies and to develop appropriate radiation protection measures and equipment. During 20 intra-arterial administrations of 131I-Lipiodol (1110-1924 MBq), radiation dose equivalents (RDE) to the whole body, fingers and eyes of the physician were determined for (a) conventional manual administration through a shielded syringe, (b) administration with an automatic injector and (c) administration with a lead container developed in-house. Administration by syringe resulted in a finger RDE of 19.5 mSv, an eye RDE of 130-140 microSv, and a whole-body RDE of 108-119 microSv. The injector reduced the finger RDE to 5 mSv. With both technique (a) and technique (b), contamination of angiography materials was observed. The container allowed safe transport and administration of the radiopharmaceutical from 4 m distance and reduced the finger RDE to <3 microSv and the eye RDE to <1 microSv during injection. During femoral artery compression, radiation exposure to the fingers reached 170 microSv, but the whole-body dose could be reduced from a mean RDE of 114 microSv to 14 microSv. No more contamination occurred. In conclusion, radiation exposure was high when 131I-Lipiodol was administered by syringe or injector, but was significantly reduced with the lead container.

  15. Assessment of the point-source method for estimating dose rates to members of the public from exposure to patients with 131I thyroid treatment

    DOE PAGES

    Dewji, Shaheen Azim; Bellamy, Michael B.; Hertel, Nolan E.; ...

    2015-09-01

    The U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (USNRC) initiated a contract with Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) to calculate radiation dose rates to members of the public that may result from exposure to patients recently administered iodine-131 ( 131I) as part of medical therapy. The main purpose was to compare dose rate estimates based on a point source and target with values derived from more realistic simulations that considered the time-dependent distribution of 131I in the patient and attenuation of emitted photons by the patient’s tissues. The external dose rate estimates were derived using Monte Carlo methods and two representations of themore » Phantom with Movable Arms and Legs, previously developed by ORNL and the USNRC, to model the patient and a nearby member of the public. Dose rates to tissues and effective dose rates were calculated for distances ranging from 10 to 300 cm between the phantoms and compared to estimates based on the point-source method, as well as to results of previous studies that estimated exposure from 131I patients. The point-source method overestimates dose rates to members of the public in very close proximity to an 131I patient but is a broadly accurate method of dose rate estimation at separation distances of 300 cm or more at times closer to administration.« less

  16. [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose triple-head coincidence imaging as an adjunct to 131I scanning for follow-up of papillary thyroid carcinoma.

    PubMed

    Gonzalo, Irene T Gaw; Itti, Emmanuel; Mlikotic, Anton; Pham, Le H; Cesar, Romeo B; Meignan, Michel; Mishkin, Fred S

    2003-01-01

    To evaluate the feasibility of using [(18)F]fluorodeoxyglucose ((18)FDG) triple-head coincidence imaging as a potential cost-effective alternative to positron emission tomography in the setting of suspected recurrence of papillary thyroid carcinoma. We retrospectively studied 10 patients with suspected recurrence of papillary carcinoma of the thyroid, who underwent (18)FDG coincidence imaging,(131)I scanning, and a reference anatomic scan (computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, or both) within 1 year in most cases. The (131)I scan detected the recurrence in five patients (62.5%) and failed to reveal recurrent cancer in three patients (37.5%); in contrast,(18)FDG imaging detected the recurrence in eight patients (100%) and was true negative in two patients in whom the scans were performed more than 1 year after effective therapy for the recurrence. The sensitivity of detection was unrelated to lesion size. The (18)FDG imaging results led to additional radiotherapy in all (131)I-negative patients, two of whom had high thyroglobulin levels and one of whom had a low thyroglobulin concentration but the presence of antithy-roglobulin antibodies. We conclude that (18)FDG triple-head coincidence imaging is useful for routine management of patients with thyroid cancer who have no abnormalities detected on (131)I scans but have high serum thyroglobulin levels. This technique, however, may not be as sensitive as a dedicated positron emission tomographic device, particularly for the assessment of small tumors.

  17. Electron Transfer Dissociation of iTRAQ Labeled Peptide Ions

    PubMed Central

    Han, Hongling; Pappin, Darryl J.; Ross, Philip L; McLuckey, Scott A.

    2009-01-01

    Triply and doubly charged iTRAQ (isobaric tagging for relative and absolute quantitation) labeled peptide cations from a tryptic peptide mixture of bovine carbonic anhydrase II were subjected to electron transfer ion/ion reactions to investigate the effect of charge bearing modifications associated with iTRAQ on the fragmentation pattern. It was noted that electron transfer dissociation (ETD) of triply charged or activated ETD (ETD + supplemental collisional activation of intact electron transfer species) of doubly charged iTRAQ tagged peptide ions yielded extensive sequence information, in analogy with ETD of unmodified peptide ions. That is, addition of the fixed charge iTRAQ tag showed relatively little deleterious effect on the ETD performance of the modified peptides. ETD of the triply charged iTRAQ labeled peptide ions followed by collision-induced dissociation (CID) of the product ion at m/z 162 yielded the reporter ion at m/z 116, which is the reporter ion used for quantitation via CID of the same precursor ions. The reporter ion formed via the two-step activation process is expected to provide quantitative information similar to that directly produced from CID. A 103 Da neutral loss species observed in the ETD spectra of all the triply and doubly charged iTRAQ labeled peptide ions is unique to the 116 Da iTRAQ reagent, which implies that this process also has potential for quantitation of peptides/proteins. Therefore, ETD with or without supplemental collisional activation, depending on the precursor ion charge state, has the potential to directly identify and quantify the peptides/proteins simultaneously using existing iTRAQ reagents. PMID:18646790

  18. Recombinant human thyrotropin stimulation prior to 131I therapy in toxic multinodular goitre with low radioactive iodine uptake.

    PubMed

    Azorín Belda, M J; Martínez Caballero, A; Figueroa Ardila, G C; Martínez Ramírez, M; Gómez Jaramillo, C A; Dolado Ardit, J I; Verdú Rico, J

    Stimulation with recombinant human thyrotropin (rhTSH) increases thyroid radioiodine uptake, and is an aid to 131 I therapy in non-toxic multinodular goitre (MNG). However, there are not many studies using rhTSH prior to 131 I in toxic multinodular goitre to improve hyperthyroidism and compressive symptoms. A prospective study was conducted on patients with MNG and hyperthyroidism. Patients were recruited consecutively and divided into group I, stimulated with 0.3mg of rhTSH before radioiodine therapy, and a control group or group II, without stimulation. Thyroid function, radioiodine thyroid uptake, thyroid weight, and compressive symptoms were measured, and patients were followed-up for 9 months. Group I consisted of 16 patients (14 women), with a mean age 69.7 years, and group II with 16 patients (12 women), with a mean age 70.7 years. After stimulation with 0.3mg rhTSH in group I, 131 I uptake (RAIU) at 24h increased by 78.4%, and the estimated absorbed dose by 89.3%. In group II, the estimated absorbed dose was lower than group I after stimulation with rhTSH (29.8Gy vs. 56.4Gy; P=0.001). At 9 months of follow-up, hyperthyroidism was controlled in 87.5% of patients in group I, and 56.2% in group II (P=0.049). The mean reduction in thyroid weight was higher in group I than in group II (39.3% vs. 26.9%; P=0.017), with a tendency towards subjective improvement of compressive symptoms in group I, although non-significant. Only 2 patients described tachycardias after rhTSH administration, which were resolved with beta-blockers. Stimulation with 0.3mg of recombinant human thyrotropin prior to radioiodine therapy achieves a reduction in thyroid weight and functional improvement in patients with hyperthyroidism and multinodular goitre with low uptake, and with no need for hospital admission. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier España, S.L.U. y SEMNIM. All rights reserved.

  19. I-131 Radiation-Induced Myelosuppression in Differentiated Thyroid Cancer Therapy.

    PubMed

    Probst, Stephan; Abikhzer, Gad; Chaussé, Guillaume; Tamilia, Michael

    2018-06-07

    Radioactive iodine (RAI) treatment of differentiated thyroid cancer has been used in clinical practice for almost 60 years and is generally accepted to be a safe and efficacious treatment. Severe toxicity in the form of radiation pneumonitis, sometimes progressing to fibrosis, and bone marrow suppression are reported but remain rare. We present a case of severe myelosuppression requiring hospitalization and transfusion support in an otherwise well, young female patient who had received 175 mCi I-131 for low-volume micronodular lung disease one month prior, with a cumulative lifetime administered activity of 575 mCi. The most important risk factors for myelosuppression following RAI are the activity received, the amount of functioning thyroid tissue present, and the lifetime cumulative activity received.

  20. Effective method of measuring the radioactivity of [ 131I]‐capsule prior to radioiodine therapy with significant reduction of the radiation exposure to the medical staff

    PubMed Central

    Lützen, Ulf; Zhao, Yi; Marx, Marlies; Imme, Thea; Assam, Isong; Siebert, Frank‐Andre; Culman, Juraj

    2016-01-01

    Radiation Protection in Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Radio Oncology is of the utmost importance. Radioiodine therapy is a frequently used and effective method for the treatment of thyroid disease. Prior to each therapy the radioactivity of the [ 131I]‐capsule must be determined to prevent misadministration. This leads to a significant radiation exposure to the staff. We describe an alternative method, allowing a considerable reduction of the radiation exposure. Two [ 131I]‐capsules (A01=2818.5; A02=73.55.0 MBq) were measured multiple times in their own delivery lead containers — that is to say, [ 131I]‐capsules remain inside the containers during the measurements (shielded measurement) using a dose calibrator and a well‐type and a thyroid uptake probe. The results of the shielded measurements were correlated linearly with the [ 131I]‐capsules radioactivity to create calibration curves for the used devices. Additional radioactivity measurements of 50 [ 131I]‐capsules of different radioactivities were done to validate the shielded measuring method. The personal skin dose rate (HP(0.07)) was determined using calibrated thermo luminescent dosimeters. The determination coefficients for the calibration curves were R2>0.9980 for all devices. The relative uncertainty of the shielded measurement was <6.8%. At a distance of 10 cm from the unshielded capsule the HP(0.07) was 46.18 μSv/(GBq⋅s), and on the surface of the lead container containing the [ 131I]‐capsule the HP(0.07) was 2.99 and 0.27 μSv/(GBq⋅s) for the two used container sizes. The calculated reduction of the effective dose by using the shielded measuring method was, depending on the used container size, 74.0% and 97.4%, compared to the measurement of the unshielded [ 131I]‐capsule using a dose calibrator. The measured reduction of the effective radiation dose in the practice was 56.6% and 94.9 for size I and size II containers. The shielded [ 131I

  1. Specificity and sensitivity of noninvasive measurement of pulmonary vascular protein leak.

    PubMed

    Dauber, I M; Pluss, W T; VanGrondelle, A; Trow, R S; Weil, J V

    1985-08-01

    Noninvasive techniques employing external counting of radiolabeled protein have the potential for measuring pulmonary vascular protein permeability, but their specificity and sensitivity remain unclear. We tested the specificity and sensitivity of a double-radioisotope method by injecting radiolabeled albumin (131I) and erythrocytes (99mTc) into anesthetized dogs and measuring the counts of each isotope for 150 min after injection with an external gamma probe fixed over the lung. We calculated the rate of increase of albumin counts measured by the probe (which reflects the rate at which protein leaks into the extravascular space). To assess permeability we normalized the rate of increase in albumin counts for changes in labeled erythrocyte signal to minimize influence of changes in vascular surface area and thus derived an albumin leak index. We measured the albumin leak index and gravimetric lung water during hydrostatic edema (acutely elevating left atrial pressure by left atrial balloon inflation: mean pulmonary arterial wedge pressure = 22.6 Torr) and in lung injury edema induced by high- (1.0 g/kg) and low-dose (0.25 g/kg) intravenous thiourea. To test specificity we compared hydrostatic and high-dose thiourea edema. The albumin leak index increased nearly fourfold from control after thiourea injury (27.2 +/- 2.3 X 10-4 vs. 7.6 +/- 0.9 X 10-4 min-1) but did not change from control levels after elevating left atrial pressure (8.9 +/- 1.2 X 10-4 min-1) despite comparable increases in gravimetric lung water. To test sensitivity we compared low-dose thiourea with controls. Following low-dose thiourea, the albumin leak index nearly doubled despite the absence of a measurable increase in lung water. We conclude that a noninvasive double radioisotope measurement of pulmonary vascular protein leak, employing external counting techniques and a simplified method of calculation, is specific for lung injury and is also sensitive enough to detect lung injury insufficient

  2. RISK FACTORS FOR NONREMISSION AND PROGRESSION-FREE SURVIVAL AFTER I-131 THERAPY IN PATIENTS WITH LUNG METASTASIS FROM DIFFERENTIATED THYROID CANCER: A SINGLE-INSTITUTE, RETROSPECTIVE ANALYSIS IN SOUTHERN CHINA.

    PubMed

    Chen, Pan; Feng, Hui-Juan; Ouyang, Wei; Wu, Ju-Qing; Wang, Jing; Sun, Yun-Gang; Xian, Jia-Lang; Huang, Liu-Hua

    2016-09-01

    Prognostic factors related to progression-free survival (PFS) have not received much attention in the literature regarding iodine-131 ((131)I) therapy for patients with differentiated thyroid cancer and lung metastases. We sought to explore the factors associated with PFS and nonremission in a group of patients with differentiated thyroid cancer and pulmonary metastases at initial diagnosis and to investigate the impact of (131)I therapy on pulmonary function and peripheral blood counts in the same cohort of patients. The medical records of 1,050 patients with differentiated thyroid cancer treated at the Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University from January 2006 to January 2015 were retrospectively reviewed. Among them, 107 patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Multivariate Cox regression analysis indicated that age ≥45 years and (131)I nonavidity were independent risk factors for disease progression. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that pulmonary nodule size ≥1 cm and (131)I nonavidity were the strongest risk factors predicting nonremission. Varying cumulative (131)I dosage had no association with posttreatment pulmonary function or peripheral blood cell counts. Similar to earlier studies, our results confirm that (131)I nonavidity was associated with an increased risk of disease progression and greater odds of nonremission. In addition, patients with differentiated thyroid cancer and lung metastases with pulmonary nodules ≥1 cm had a reduced likelihood of achieving remission. Furthermore, special attention is needed when monitoring patients over 45 years at a higher risk of disease progression. CI = confidence interval DTC = differentiated thyroid cancer (18)F-FDG = fluoro-18 fluorodeoxyglucose FEF = forced expiratory flow FTC = follicular thyroid cancer FVC = forced vital capacity GR = granulocytes Hb = hemoglobin HR = hazard ratio (131)I = iodine-131 LN = lymph node OR = odds ratio OS = overall survival PET/CT = positive

  3. RNA Nanoparticles Derived from Three-Way Junction of Phi29 Motor pRNA Are Resistant to I-125 and Cs-131 Radiation

    PubMed Central

    Li, Hui; Rychahou, Piotr G.; Cui, Zheng; Pi, Fengmei; Evers, B. Mark; Shu, Dan

    2015-01-01

    Radiation reagents that specifically target tumors are in high demand for the treatment of cancer. The emerging field of RNA nanotechnology might provide new opportunities for targeted radiation therapy. This study investigates whether chemically modified RNA nanoparticles derived from the packaging RNA (pRNA) three-way junction (3WJ) of phi29 DNA-packaging motor are resistant to potent I-125 and Cs-131 radiation, which is a prerequisite for utilizing these RNA nanoparticles as carriers for targeted radiation therapy. pRNA 3WJ nanoparticles were constructed and characterized, and the stability of these nanoparticles under I-125 and Cs-131 irradiation with clinically relevant doses was examined. RNA nanoparticles derived from the pRNA 3WJ targeted tumors specifically and they were stable under irradiation of I-125 and Cs-131 with clinically relevant doses ranging from 1 to 90 Gy over a significantly long time up to 20 days, while control plasmid DNA was damaged at 20 Gy or higher. PMID:26017686

  4. Using medically-derived iodine-131 to track sewage effluent in the Laurentian Great Lakes.

    PubMed

    Montenero, Michael P; Dilbone, Elizabeth K; Waples, James T

    2017-10-15

    Tracking sewage wastewater in a large lake is difficult. Concentrations of pharmaceuticals that can be used as indicator compounds are quickly diluted and not easy to measure. In this study, we examined the potential of using medically-derived iodine-131 ( 131 I, t ½  = 8.02 d) as a tracer for Milwaukee sewage effluent in Lake Michigan. 131 I activities in sewage effluent from two Milwaukee wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) were measured in conjunction with 131 I activities in water, sediment and biota in the Milwaukee Outer Harbor and Lake Michigan. 131 I discharge rates from both WWTPS ranged from 34 ± 15 to 1807 ± 24 MBq d -1 , with average and median 131 I discharges of 278 and 129 MBq d -1 . A budget of 131 I in the Milwaukee Outer Harbor - based on measured sediment and water column inventories - showed that ∼11% of the 131 I discharged to the harbor was scavenged to bottom sediments, ∼19% decayed in the harbor water column, and ∼70% was flushed out of the harbor to Lake Michigan. From this budget, we derived a harbor flushing rate of 3.1 days. In Lake Michigan, 131 I activity was found in Cladophora algae (undetected to 91 ± 2 Bq kg -1 ) along ∼40 km of shoreline. Benthic trawl samples showed 131 I activity up to 8 km from shore. Calculated 131 I length scales were 30 km alongshore and 3.4 km offshore and corresponded to sewage effluent dispersion rates of ∼2.6 km d -1 and ∼0.3 km d -1 in along- and offshore directions. Using 131 I as a tracer of sewage effluent from other coastal municipalities to the Laurentian Great Lakes appears feasible, particularly for larger (>10 5 ) population centers. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  5. Red marrow and blood dosimetry in 131I treatment of metastatic thyroid carcinoma: pre-treatment versus in-therapy results

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Giostra, A.; Richetta, E.; Pasquino, M.; Miranti, A.; Cutaia, C.; Brusasco, G.; Pellerito, R. E.; Stasi, M.

    2016-06-01

    Treatment with radioiodine is a standard procedure for patients with well-differentiated thyroid cancer, but the main approach to the therapy is still empiric, consisting of the administration of fixed activities. A predictive individualized dosimetric study may represent an important tool for physicians to determine the best activity to prescribe. The aim of this work is to compare red marrow and blood absorbed dose values obtained in the pre-treatment (PT) dosimetry phase with those obtained in the in-treatment (IT) dosimetry phase in order to estimate the predictive power of PT trial doses and to determine if they can be used as a decision-making tool to safely administer higher 131I activity to potentially increase the efficacy of treatment. The PT and IT dosimetry for 50 patients has been evaluated using three different dosimetric approaches. In all three approaches blood and red marrow doses, are calculated as the sum of two components, the dose from 131I activity in the blood and the dose from 131I activity located in the remainder of the body (i.e. the blood and whole-body contributions to the total dose). PT and IT dose values to blood and red marrow appear to be well correlated irrespective of the dosimetric approach used. Linear regression analyses of PT and IT total doses, for blood and red marrow, and the whole-body contribution to these doses, showed consistent best fit slope and correlation coefficient values of approximately 0.9 and 0.6, respectively: analyses of the blood dose contribution to the total doses also yielded similar values for the best fit slope but with correlation coefficient values of approximately 0.4 reflecting the greater variance in these dose estimates. These findings suggest that pre-treatment red marrow dose assessments may represent an important tool to personalize metastatic thyroid cancer treatment, removing the constraints of a fixed activity approach and permitting potentially more effective higher 131I activities to be

  6. Aerial Survey Results for 131I Deposition on the Ground after the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant Accident

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Torii, Tatsuo; Sugita, Takeshi; Okada, Colin E.

    In March 2011 the second largest accidental release of radioactivity in history occurred at the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant following a magnitude 9.0 earthquake and subsequent tsunami. Teams from the U.S. Department of Energy, National Nuclear Security Administration Office of Emergency Response performed aerial surveys to provide initial maps of the dispersal of radioactive material in Japan. The initial results from the surveys did not report the concentration of 131I. This work reports on analyses performed on the initial survey data by a joint Japan-US collaboration to determine 131I ground concentration. This information is potentially useful in reconstruction ofmore » the inhalation and external exposure doses from this short-lived radionuclide. The deposited concentration of 134Cs is also reported.« less

  7. Metaiodobenzylguanidine (/sup 131/I) scintigraphy detects impaired myocardial sympathetic neuronal transport function of canine mechanical-overload heart failure

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Rabinovitch, M.A.; Rose, C.P.; Rouleau, J.L.

    1987-12-01

    In heart failure secondary to chronic mechanical overload, cardiac sympathetic neurons demonstrate depressed catecholamine synthetic and transport function. To assess the potential of sympathetic neuronal imaging for detection of depressed transport function, serial scintigrams were acquired after the intravenous administration of metaiodobenzylguanidine (/sup 131/I) to 13 normal dogs, 3 autotransplanted (denervated) dogs, 5 dogs with left ventricular failure, and 5 dogs with compensated left ventricular hypertrophy due to a surgical arteriovenous shunt. Nine dogs were killed at 14 hours postinjection for determination of metaiodobenzylguanidine (/sup 131/I) and endogenous norepinephrine content in left atrium, left ventricle, liver, and spleen. By 4more » hours postinjection, autotransplanted dogs had a 39% reduction in mean left ventricular tracer accumulation, reflecting an absent intraneuronal tracer pool. Failure dogs demonstrated an accelerated early mean left ventricular tracer efflux rate (26.0%/hour versus 13.7%/hour in normals), reflecting a disproportionately increased extraneuronal tracer pool. They also showed reduced late left ventricular and left atrial concentrations of tracer, consistent with a reduced intraneuronal tracer pool. By contrast, compensated hypertrophy dogs demonstrated a normal early mean left ventricular tracer efflux rate (16.4%/hour) and essentially normal late left ventricular and left atrial concentrations of tracer. Metaiodobenzylguanidine (/sup 131/I) scintigraphic findings reflect the integrity of the cardiac sympathetic neuronal transport system in canine mechanical-overload heart failure. Metaiodobenzylguanidine (/sup 123/I) scintigraphy should be explored as a means of early detection of mechanical-overload heart failure in patients.« less

  8. Affinity cytochemistry of vascular endothelia in brain tumors by biotinylated Ulex europaeus type I lectin (UEA I).

    PubMed

    Weber, T; Seitz, R J; Liebert, U G; Gallasch, E; Wechsler, W

    1985-01-01

    The vascularization of 50 tumors of the central nervous system (CNS) including 17 meningiomas, 25 neuroectodermal tumors, i.e., astrocytomas, oligodendrogliomas, mixed gliomas, glioblastomas, medulloblastomas, seven metastatic carcinomas, and one malignant hemangioendothelioma were investigated using biotinylated Ulex europaeus type I lectin (UEA I) in an indirect avidinbiotin-peroxidase procedure. The cytochemical staining pattern of UEA I on paraffin sections was compared with that of biotinylated Dolichos biflorus lectin (DBA), and with the immunocytochemical staining of factor VIII related antigen (F VIII/RAG) by polyclonal antisera using the PAP technique. UEA I visualized the endothelia of blood vessels with equal intensity, sensitivity, and reliability in normal brain and in tumor tissue with neovascularization. While large, medium, and small vessels were equally well demonstrated by UEA I and antibodies against FVIII/RAG, capillaries and endothelial sprouts were stained more consistently and intensely by UEA I. No reliable cytochemical staining could be obtained by DBA regardless of tissue or cell type investigated. It is concluded that UEA I is a highly useful cytochemical marker for the identification of vascular endothelia in paraffin sections of human brain tumors.

  9. Shift work and vascular events: systematic review and meta-analysis.

    PubMed

    Vyas, Manav V; Garg, Amit X; Iansavichus, Arthur V; Costella, John; Donner, Allan; Laugsand, Lars E; Janszky, Imre; Mrkobrada, Marko; Parraga, Grace; Hackam, Daniel G

    2012-07-26

    To synthesise the association of shift work with major vascular events as reported in the literature. Systematic searches of major bibliographic databases, contact with experts in the field, and review of reference lists of primary articles, review papers, and guidelines. Observational studies that reported risk ratios for vascular morbidity, vascular mortality, or all cause mortality in relation to shift work were included; control groups could be non-shift ("day") workers or the general population. Study quality was assessed with the Downs and Black scale for observational studies. The three primary outcomes were myocardial infarction, ischaemic stroke, and any coronary event. Heterogeneity was measured with the I(2) statistic and computed random effects models. 34 studies in 2,011,935 people were identified. Shift work was associated with myocardial infarction (risk ratio 1.23, 95% confidence interval 1.15 to 1.31; I(2)=0) and ischaemic stroke (1.05, 1.01 to 1.09; I(2)=0). Coronary events were also increased (risk ratio 1.24, 1.10 to 1.39), albeit with significant heterogeneity across studies (I(2)=85%). Pooled risk ratios were significant for both unadjusted analyses and analyses adjusted for risk factors. All shift work schedules with the exception of evening shifts were associated with a statistically higher risk of coronary events. Shift work was not associated with increased rates of mortality (whether vascular cause specific or overall). Presence or absence of adjustment for smoking and socioeconomic status was not a source of heterogeneity in the primary studies. 6598 myocardial infarctions, 17,359 coronary events, and 1854 ischaemic strokes occurred. On the basis of the Canadian prevalence of shift work of 32.8%, the population attributable risks related to shift work were 7.0% for myocardial infarction, 7.3% for all coronary events, and 1.6% for ischaemic stroke. Shift work is associated with vascular events, which may have implications for public

  10. 40 CFR Appendix I to Part 60 - Removable Label and Owner's Manual

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... (CONTINUED) STANDARDS OF PERFORMANCE FOR NEW STATIONARY SOURCES (CONTINUED) Pt. 60, App. I Appendix I to Part... label): • Manufacturer name (upper left hand corner, • Model name/number (upper left hand corner, • The... equipped wood heaters the 3.0 inch line shall be labeled “0” on the left end of the line (centered below...

  11. 40 CFR Appendix I to Part 60 - Removable Label and Owner's Manual

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... (CONTINUED) STANDARDS OF PERFORMANCE FOR NEW STATIONARY SOURCES (CONTINUED) Pt. 60, App. I Appendix I to Part... label): • Manufacturer name (upper left hand corner, • Model name/number (upper left hand corner, • The... equipped wood heaters the 3.0 inch line shall be labeled “0” on the left end of the line (centered below...

  12. Comparison of Dosimetric and Biologic Effective Dose Parameters for Prostate and Urethra Using {sup 131}Cs and {sup 125}I for Prostate Permanent Implant Brachytherapy

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Sahgal, Arjun; Department of Radiation Oncology, Odette Cancer Centre at Sunnybrook Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON; Jabbari, Siavash

    2008-09-01

    Purpose: To compare the urethral and prostate absolute and biologic effective doses (BEDs) for {sup 131}Cs and {sup 125}I prostate permanent implant brachytherapy (PPI). Methods and Materials: Eight previously implanted manually planned {sup 125}I PPI patients were replanned manually with {sup 131}Cs, and re-planned using Inverse Planning Simulated Annealing. {sup 131}Cs activity and the prescribed dose (115 Gy) were determined from that recommended by IsoRay. The BED was calculated for the prostate and urethra using an {alpha}/{beta} ratio of 2 and was also calculated for the prostate using an {alpha}/{beta} ratio of 6 and a urethral {alpha}/{beta} ratio of 2.more » The primary endpoints of this study were the prostate D{sub 90} BED (pD{sub 90}BED) and urethral D{sub 30} BED normalized to the maximal potential prostate D{sub 90} BED (nuD{sub 30}BED). Results: The manual plan comparison ({alpha}/{beta} = 2) yielded no significant difference in the prostate D{sub 90} BED (median, 192 Gy{sub 2} for both isotopes). No significant difference was observed for the nuD{sub 30}BED (median, 199 Gy{sub 2} and 202 Gy{sub 2} for {sup 125}I and {sup 131}Cs, respectively). For the inverse planning simulated annealing plan comparisons ({alpha}/{beta} 2), the prostate D{sub 90} BED was significantly lower with {sup 131}Cs than with {sup 125}I (median, 177 Gy{sub 2} vs. 187 Gy{sub 2}, respectively; p = 0.01). However, the nuD{sub 30}BED was significantly greater with {sup 131}Cs than with {sup 125}I (median, 192 Gy{sub 2} vs. 189 Gy{sub 2}, respectively; p = 0.01). Both the manual and the inverse planning simulated annealing plans resulted in a significantly lower prostate D{sub 90} BED (p = 0.01) and significantly greater nuD{sub 30}BED for {sup 131}Cs (p = 0.01), compared with {sup 125}I, when the prostate {alpha}/{beta} ratio was 6 and the urethral {alpha}/{beta} ratio was 2. Conclusion: This report highlights the controversy in comparing the dose to both the prostate and the

  13. Impact of reconstruction parameters on quantitative I-131 SPECT

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    van Gils, C. A. J.; Beijst, C.; van Rooij, R.; de Jong, H. W. A. M.

    2016-07-01

    Radioiodine therapy using I-131 is widely used for treatment of thyroid disease or neuroendocrine tumors. Monitoring treatment by accurate dosimetry requires quantitative imaging. The high energy photons however render quantitative SPECT reconstruction challenging, potentially requiring accurate correction for scatter and collimator effects. The goal of this work is to assess the effectiveness of various correction methods on these effects using phantom studies. A SPECT/CT acquisition of the NEMA IEC body phantom was performed. Images were reconstructed using the following parameters: (1) without scatter correction, (2) with triple energy window (TEW) scatter correction and (3) with Monte Carlo-based scatter correction. For modelling the collimator-detector response (CDR), both (a) geometric Gaussian CDRs as well as (b) Monte Carlo simulated CDRs were compared. Quantitative accuracy, contrast to noise ratios and recovery coefficients were calculated, as well as the background variability and the residual count error in the lung insert. The Monte Carlo scatter corrected reconstruction method was shown to be intrinsically quantitative, requiring no experimentally acquired calibration factor. It resulted in a more accurate quantification of the background compartment activity density compared with TEW or no scatter correction. The quantification error relative to a dose calibrator derived measurement was found to be  <1%,-26% and 33%, respectively. The adverse effects of partial volume were significantly smaller with the Monte Carlo simulated CDR correction compared with geometric Gaussian or no CDR modelling. Scatter correction showed a small effect on quantification of small volumes. When using a weighting factor, TEW correction was comparable to Monte Carlo reconstruction in all measured parameters, although this approach is clinically impractical since this factor may be patient dependent. Monte Carlo based scatter correction including accurately simulated CDR

  14. Reagents for Astatination of Biomolecules. 5. Evaluation of hydrazone linkers in 211At- and 125I-labeled closo-decaborate(2-) conjugates of Fab′ as a means of decreasing kidney retention

    PubMed Central

    Wilbur, D. Scott; Chyan, Ming-Kuan; Hamlin, Donald K.; Nguyen, Holly; Vessella, Robert L.

    2011-01-01

    Evaluation of monoclonal antibody (MAb) fragments (e.g. Fab′, Fab or engineered fragments) as cancer-targeting reagents for therapy with the α-particle emitting radionuclide astatine-211 (211At) has been hampered by low in vivo stability of the label and a propensity of these proteins localize to kidneys. Fortunately, our group has shown that the low stability of the 211At label, generally a meta- or para-[211At]astatobenzoyl conjugate, on MAb Fab′ fragments can be dramatically improved by use of closo-decaborate(2-) conjugates. However, the higher stability of radiolabeled MAb Fab′ conjugates appears to result in retention of the radioactivity in kidneys. This investigation was conducted to evaluate whether the retention of radioactivity in kidney might be decreased by the use of acid-cleavable hydrazone between the Fab′ and the radiolabeled closo-decaborate(2-) moiety. Five conjugation reagents containing sulfhydryl-reactive maleimide groups, a hydrazone functionality and a closo-decaborate(2-) moiety were prepared. In four of the five conjugation reagents, a discrete polyethylene glycol (PEG) linker was used, and one substituent adjacent to the hydrazone was varied (phenyl, benzoate, anisole or methyl) to provide varying acid-sensitivity. In the initial studies, the five maleimido-closo-decaborate(2-) conjugation reagents were radioiodinated (125I or 131I), then conjugated with an anti-PSMA Fab′ (107-1A4 Fab′). Biodistributions of the five radioiodinated Fab′ conjugates were obtained in nude mice at 1, 4 and 24 h post injection (pi). In contrast to closo-decaborate(2-) conjugated to 107-1A4 Fab′ through a non-cleavable linker, two conjugates containing either a benzoate or a methyl substituent on the hydrazone functionality displayed clearance rates from kidney, liver and spleen that were similar to those obtained with directly radioiodinated Fab′ (i.e. no conjugate). The maleimido-closo-decaborate(2-) conjugation reagent containing a benzoate

  15. IODINE-131 IN POST-MORTEM HUMAN THYROIDS

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Visalli, F.I.; Goldin, A.S.

    1964-03-01

    Fifty-seven thyroid samples were made available by three New England hospitals during the period May 14, 1962, through January 10, 1963. Up to the middle of September, /sup 131/I was detected in three out of 37 samples (range 47 to 51 pC/g). Positive values for /sup 131/I were found in 6 out of 15 post- mortem thyroids from September 15 through October 26 (range 41 to 58 pC/g). From November 4 through January 10, 1963, one positive value (29 pC/g) of /sup 131/I was noted among five samples collected. The highest individual thyroid burden noted represented about one-sixth of themore » RP0 of 1.5 rem/yr, and the average of 20 samples after September 15, 1962, represented about one-eighth of the RPG of 0.5 rem/yr. (auth)« less

  16. Diagnostic labels of NANDA-I in a southern region of Spain.

    PubMed

    González-Rodríguez, Rafael; Martelo-Baro, María de Los Ángeles; Bas-Sarmiento, Pilar

    2017-06-08

    to determine the incidence of NANDA-I diagnostic labels (North American Nursing Diagnosis Association-International) and to establish the distribution of cases of assistance and the associated labels, according to sociodemographic variables (age and sex). descriptive, cross-sectional epidemiological study of labels of NANDA-I, under ecological design. The distribution of labels was analyzed according to sex and age; the corresponding frequencies were calculated and for each label the incidence were calculated rates with aggregate data from the attended cases. the total number of cases of care under study was 9,928 (41.65% men and 58.35% women). The identified labels were 16,456 (7,084 men and 9,372 women); average of 1.7 labels per case of care; Out of 216 labels proposed by NANDA-I, in its 2012-14 classification, 152 were used, representing 70.4%. The labels with the highest incidence rates per thousand inhabitants were: Anxiety, Willingness to Improve Knowledge and Risk of Infection. the study allowed detecting, through NANDA-I, the answers to the health problems of greater incidence in the users attended. determinar la incidencia de las etiquetas diagnósticas de la NANDA-I (North American Nursing Diagnosis Association-International) y establecer la distribución de los episodios asistenciales y de sus respectivas etiquetas, en función de variables sociodemográficas (edad y sexo). estudio epidemiológico descriptivo y de corte transversal de las etiquetas de la NANDA-I, bajo diseño ecológico. Se analizó la distribución de las etiquetas según sexo y edad, se calcularon las frecuencias correspondientes y se computaron las tasas de incidencia con datos agregados para los episodios asistenciales por etiqueta. el número total de episodios asistenciales del estudio fue de 9.928 (41,65% hombres y 58,35% mujeres). Las etiquetas identificadas en los episodios fueron 16.456 (7.084 hombres y 9.372 mujeres), con un promedio de 1,7 etiquetas por episodio; de las 216

  17. 40 CFR 1045.135 - How must I label and identify the engines I produce?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 32 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false How must I label and identify the engines I produce? 1045.135 Section 1045.135 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR POLLUTION CONTROLS CONTROL OF EMISSIONS FROM SPARK-IGNITION PROPULSION MARINE ENGINES AND...

  18. 40 CFR 1045.135 - How must I label and identify the engines I produce?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 33 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false How must I label and identify the engines I produce? 1045.135 Section 1045.135 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR POLLUTION CONTROLS CONTROL OF EMISSIONS FROM SPARK-IGNITION PROPULSION MARINE ENGINES AND...

  19. 40 CFR 1045.135 - How must I label and identify the engines I produce?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 34 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false How must I label and identify the engines I produce? 1045.135 Section 1045.135 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR POLLUTION CONTROLS CONTROL OF EMISSIONS FROM SPARK-IGNITION PROPULSION MARINE ENGINES AND...

  20. 40 CFR 1045.135 - How must I label and identify the engines I produce?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 34 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false How must I label and identify the engines I produce? 1045.135 Section 1045.135 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR POLLUTION CONTROLS CONTROL OF EMISSIONS FROM SPARK-IGNITION PROPULSION MARINE ENGINES AND...

  1. An oncolytic adenovirus regulated by a radiation-inducible promoter selectively mediates hSulf-1 gene expression and mutually reinforces antitumor activity of I131-metuximab in hepatocellular carcinoma.

    PubMed

    Zhang, Yan; Fang, Lin; Zhang, Quan'an; Zheng, Qin; Tong, Jinlong; Fu, Xiaohui; Jiang, Xiaoqing; Su, Changqing; Zheng, Junnian

    2013-06-01

    Gene therapy and antibody approaches are crucial auxiliary strategies for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) treatment. Previously, we established a survivin promoter-regulated oncolytic adenovirus that has inhibitory effect on HCC growth. The human sulfatase-1 (hSulf-1) gene can suppress the growth factor signaling pathways, then inhibit the proliferation of cancer cells and enhance cellular sensitivity to radiotherapy and chemotherapy. I(131)-metuximab (I(131)-mab) is a monoclonal anti-HCC antibody that conjugated to I(131) and specifically recognizes the HAb18G/CD147 antigen on HCC cells. To integrate the oncolytic adenovirus-based gene therapy and the I(131)-mab-based radioimmunotherapy, this study combined the CArG element of early growth response-l (Egr-l) gene with the survivin promoter to construct a radiation-inducible enhanced promoter, which was used to recombine a radiation-inducible oncolytic adenovirus as hSulf-1 gene vector. When I(131)-mab was incorporated into the treatment regimen, not only could the antibody produce radioimmunotherapeutic effect, but the I(131) radiation was able to further boost adenoviral proliferation. We demonstrated that the CArG-enhanced survivin promoter markedly improved the proliferative activity of the oncolytic adenovirus in HCC cells, thereby augmenting hSulf-1 expression and inducing cancer cell apoptosis. This novel strategy that involved multiple, synergistic mechanisms, including oncolytic therapy, gene therapy and radioimmunotherapy, was demonstrated to exert an excellent anti-cancer outcome, which will be a promising approach in HCC treatment. Copyright © 2012 Federation of European Biochemical Societies. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  2. Incidence of hypothyroidism occurring long after iodine-131 therapy for hyperthyroidism

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Holm, L.E.; Lundell, G.; Israelsson, A.

    1982-02-01

    We have studied the long-term incidence of hypothyroidism in 4,473 formerly hyperthyroid patients given I-131 therapy between 1951 and 1975. The mean age at the first I-131 treatment was 56 yr. Six percent developed hypothyroidism within one year of therapy, and 72% within 26 yr. Prior antithyroid medication did not affect the incidence of hypothyroidism. Patients cured with one dose of I-131 had a lower cumulative long-term incidence of hypothyroidism than those requiring more than one dose.

  3. Cost minimization analysis and utility of pretreatment and posttreatment total body iodine-131 scans in patients with thyroid carcinoma.

    PubMed

    Grigsby, P

    1998-03-01

    The purpose of this study was to evaluate the utility of posttreatment total body iodine-131 (I-131) scans. The records of 63 consecutive patients with thyroid carcinoma treated with surgery and postoperative I-131 were reviewed. Patients underwent a postoperative diagnostic total body I-131 scan. Subsequently, patients received therapeutic administration of I-131. Posttreatment total body I-131 scans were performed. The postoperative diagnostic total body I-131 scans revealed uptake in the neck in all 63 patients and also demonstrated lung and mediastinal uptake in 7 patients with known sites of metastatic disease. The posttreatment total body I-131 scans also revealed neck uptake in all patients and demonstrated uptake in the lung and mediastinum in those with known metastasis to those sites. Additional foci of neck uptake were revealed on the posttreatment total body I-131 scans in six patients. Stepwise logistic regression was performed to identify prognostic factors predictive of additional foci of uptake on the posttreatment total body I-131 scans compared with the pretreatment diagnostic total body I-131 scans. Variables found to correlate significantly with additional uptake on the posttreatment total body I-131 scans were tumor size > or = 2 cm, follicular histology, and multifocal disease. Posttreatment total body I-131 scans yielded additional information in only 10% (6 of 63) of the study patient population treated with postoperative I-131 for thyroid carcinoma. Therefore, the cost, and the associated inconvenience to the patient, of performing a posttreatment total body I-131 scan can be eliminated for most patients.

  4. Preliminary in vivo evaluation of [131I]-2-iodo-D-phenylalanine as a potential radionuclide therapeutic agent in R1M-fluc rhabdomyosarcoma tumor-bearing NuNu mice using bioluminescent imaging.

    PubMed

    Bauwens, Matthias; Wimana, Lena; Keyaerts, Marleen; Peleman, Cindy; Lahoutte, Tony; Kersemans, Ken; Snykers, Sarah; Vinken, Mathieu; Mertens, John; Bossuyt, Axel

    2010-04-01

    Carrier-added [(123)I]-2-iodo-D-phenylalanine (CA [(123)I]-2-I-D-Phe) was previously found to have a preferential retention in tumors with a high tumor background contrast in animal models. A previous human dosimetry study demonstrated a favorable biodistribution and radiation burden in human subjects. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential of CA [(131)I]-2-I-D-Phe as an agent for radionuclide therapy. Sixty (60) nude athymic mice were inoculated subcutaneously with firefly luciferase-transduced R1M rhabdomyosarcoma cells. The mice in the therapy group were injected intravenously (i.v.) with 148 MBq [(131)I]-2-I-D-Phe (432 GBq/mmol) in kit solution. Controls were injected with kit solution without radioactivity, with physiological saline, or with 148 MBq [(131)I](-) in physiological saline. Tumor growth was quantified using bioluminescent imaging and caliper measurements. [(131)I]-2-I-D-Phe clearly reduced tumor growth in the treated mice compared with the control groups. A tumor growth-rate reduction of at least 33% was found for mice receiving a therapeutic dose. There were no serious adverse side-effects of the therapy. In conclusion, i.v. injection of CA 148 MBq [(131)I]-2-I-D-Phe specifically reduces tumor growth in athymic nude mice without relevant side-effects on the animals' health.

  5. [Patients treated for differentiated thyroid cancer with negative 131I whole-body scans and elevated thyroglobulin levels: a possible course].

    PubMed

    Gutiérrez Cardo, A L; Rodríguez Rodríguez, J R; Borrego Dorado, I; Navarro González, E; Tirado Hospital, J L; Vázquez Albertino, R

    2007-01-01

    To verify the existence of patients with treated differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) with negative 131I whole-body scanning (WBS) and high serum thyroglobulin (Tg) in the follow-up who evolve towards normalization without other therapy interventions. Retrospective revision of the periodic examinations established in the protocol for patients with DTC, analyzing the levels of Tg found with IRMA annually in those with hormonal treatment and every 1-5 years in absence of previous hormonal treatment to WBS. Minimum surveillance of 2 years. Those who had elevated levels of Tg and WBS and other negative imaging tests in their course were selected. The characteristics of the patients selected were analysed in those whose Tg levels evolved to normalization without specific medical or surgical treatment (Group I) and those who did not reach normalization of Tg (Group II). A total of 130 patients (17.93 %) with high levels of Tg and negative WBS were detected. Group I: 31 patients (4.28 %), 11 men and 20 women; average age at the moment of the diagnosis of 33.4 years (rank: 5-60); average surveillance: 12.4 years (+/- 7.4). 27 papillary and 4 follicular carcinoma. Average ablation dose: 3.260 GBq (88,1 mCi); average total I131 dose: 6.850 GBq (185.13 mCi). Tg normalization average time: 8.2 years. Group II: 99 patients (13.65 %), 27 men and 72 women. Average age of 40.4 years (rank: 7-76). Average surveillance: 9.8 years. 86 papillary and 13 follicular carcinoma. Average ablation dose: 3.266 GBq (88.28 mCi); average total 131I dose: 9.363 GBq (253,06 mCi). Two of the patients in group I had negative PET-FDG. There were 13 patients in whom progressive reduction of the levels of thyroglobulin without reaching normalization with negative PET-FDG was detected. In patients with radiated DTC, deferred normalization of the levels of the serum thyroglobulin is possible. Empirical treatments cannot be considered the only factor that contributes to this result, which can occur without

  6. Autonomous functioning thyroid nodules and 131I in diagnosis and therapy after 50 years of experience: what is still open to debate?

    PubMed

    Ronga, Giuseppe; Filesi, Mauro; D'Apollo, Rosaria; Toteda, Maria; Di Nicola, Angelo Domenico; Colandrea, Marzia; Travascio, Laura; Vestri, Anna Rita; Montesano, Teresa

    2013-05-01

    Autonomous functioning thyroid nodules (AFTN), defined as "hot nodules" at thyroid scan, are often cured by radioiodine treatment. The aim of our study was to investigate the long-term outcome in patients treated with an 131I calculated dose, to identify a possible "size-tailored" dose, and to simplify follow-up procedures. Retrospective analysis was carried out on 1402 cases, covering a period of 50 years, of AFTN treated with an 131I calculated dose. Our study focused on nodular size and mean administered dose. Concordance between thyroid scan and serum TSH levels at 3-6 months from treatment was considered. A single 131I dose was effective for the vast majority of patients (93%). The outcome was influenced by nodular size. On the basis of the Italian dose limit for outpatient treatment, our population was divided into subgroups according to administered doses (more or less than 16 mCi) and nodular dimensions: no differences in outcome were observed for each class of nodule size. A dose ≤10 mCi was effective on the smaller nodules (50.1% of our population). The agreement between TSH and scan after treatment was 90.3% at 3 months and 94.5% at 6 months. 131I therapy with a calculated dose is an effective treatment of AFTN. If a fixed dose is chosen, 16 mCi is often resolutive and for nodules <3 cm a dose of 10 mCi can suffice. Nodules >5 cm are eligible for surgery. TSH is the only parameter required to evaluate the outcome.

  7. 40 CFR 1039.135 - How must I label and identify the engines I produce?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 34 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false How must I label and identify the engines I produce? 1039.135 Section 1039.135 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY... meets or does not meet (such as European standards). You may also add other information to ensure that...

  8. 40 CFR 1039.135 - How must I label and identify the engines I produce?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 34 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false How must I label and identify the engines I produce? 1039.135 Section 1039.135 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY... that the engine meets or does not meet (such as European standards). You may also add other information...

  9. 40 CFR 1039.135 - How must I label and identify the engines I produce?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 33 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false How must I label and identify the engines I produce? 1039.135 Section 1039.135 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY... that the engine meets or does not meet (such as European standards). You may also add other information...

  10. Therapeutic applications of radioactive (131)iodine: Procedures and incidents with capsules.

    PubMed

    Al Aamri, Marwa; Ravichandran, Ramamoorthy; Binukumar, John Pichy; Al Balushi, Naima

    2016-01-01

    Treatments for thyrotoxicosis and carcinoma thyroid are carried out by oral administration of radioactive iodine ((131)I) in the form of liquid or capsules. The liquid form of (131)I has higher risk factors such as vapourization, spillage and need for management of higher activity wastes. Use of (131)I in capsule form simplify procedures of handling compared to liquid form of (131)I. The guidelines of safe handling and quality assurance aspects for therapeutic use (131)I are well outlined by International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) reports. A few unusual incidents with I-131 capsules encountered in the past need to be highlighted from health physics point of view. In Royal Hospital, Oman, I-131 is imported in capsules, and the total activity handled/year steadily increased over 10 years. Discrete activities range from 185 MBq (5 mCi) up to 7.4 GBq (200 mCi). In four incidents deviations in standard operational procedures were recorded. Nature of incidents is described as follows: (1) After assay of activity, the capsule was directly put in the lead container with missing of inner cap. (2) Patient poured water in the Perspex tube, when the capsule was handed over to her, making an emergency situation. (3) In 3 high activity capsules (2 nos 2.96 GBq, 1 no. 4.26 GBq), observed sticky behavior in capsule holder on the 2(nd) day post receipt, which were in order on the 1(st) day. (4) A capsule could not be swallowed by a patient, which was taken back from the mouth. Monitoring of patient later did not show residual ingested activity. The report documents some of the unusual incidents for information to other centers engaged in such radioactive administrations.

  11. Cytocompatibility and biologic characteristics of synthetic scaffold materials of rabbit acellular vascular matrix combining with human-like collagen I.

    PubMed

    Liu, Xuqian; Wang, Jie; Dong, Fusheng; Song, Peng; Tian, Songbo; Li, Hexiang; Hou, Yali

    2017-10-01

    Scaffold material provides a three-dimensional growing environment for seed cells in the research field of tissue engineering. In the present study, rabbit arterial blood vessel cells were chemically removed with trypsin and Triton X-100 to prepare rabbit acellular vascular matrix scaffold material. Observation by He&Masson staining revealed that no cellular components or nuclei existed in the vascular intima and media after decellularization. Human-like collagen I was combined with acellular vascular matrix by freeze-drying to prepare an acellular vascular matrix-0.25% human-like collagen I scaffold to compensate for the extracellular matrix loss during the decellularization process. We next performed a series of experiments to test the water absorbing quality, biomechanics, pressure resistance, cytotoxicity, and ultra-micro structure of the acellular vascular matrix composite material and natural rabbit artery and found that the acellular vascular matrix-0.25% human-like collagen I material behaved similarly to natural rabbit artery. In conclusion, the acellular vascular matrix-0.25% human-like collagen I composite material provides a new approach and lays the foundation for novel scaffold material research into tissue engineering of blood vessels.

  12. DiI Perfusion as a Method for Vascular Visualization in Ambystoma mexicanum.

    PubMed

    Saltman, Anna J; Barakat, May; Bryant, Donald M; Brodovskaya, Anastasia; Whited, Jessica L

    2017-06-16

    Perfusion techniques have been used for centuries to visualize the circulation of tissues. Axolotl (Ambystoma mexicanum) is a species of salamander that has emerged as an essential model for regeneration studies. Little is known about how revascularization occurs in the context of regeneration in these animals. Here we report a simple method for visualization of the vasculature in axolotl via perfusion of 1,1'-Dioctadecy-3,3,3',3'-tetramethylindocarbocyanine perchlorate (DiI). DiI is a lipophilic carbocyanine dye that inserts into the plasma membrane of endothelial cells instantaneously. Perfusion is done using a peristaltic pump such that DiI enters the circulation through the aorta. During perfusion, dye flows through the axolotl's blood vessels and incorporates into the lipid bilayer of vascular endothelial cells upon contact. The perfusion procedure takes approximately one hour for an eight-inch axolotl. Immediately after perfusion with DiI, the axolotl can be visualized with a confocal fluorescent microscope. The DiI emits light in the red-orange range when excited with a green fluorescent filter. This DiI perfusion procedure can be used to visualize the vascular structure of axolotls or to demonstrate patterns of revascularization in regenerating tissues.

  13. Arginase-I enhances vascular endothelial inflammation and senescence through eNOS-uncoupling.

    PubMed

    Zhu, Cuicui; Yu, Yi; Montani, Jean-Pierre; Ming, Xiu-Fen; Yang, Zhihong

    2017-02-02

    Augmented arginase-II (Arg-II) is implicated in endothelial senescence and inflammation through a mutual positive regulatory circuit with S6K1. This study was conducted to investigate whether Arg-I, another isoform of arginase that has been also reported to play a role in vascular endothelial dysfunction, promotes endothelial senescence through similar mechanisms. The non-senescent human endothelial cells from umbilical veins (passage 2 to 4) were transduced with empty recombinant adenovirus vector (rAd/CMV) as control or rAd/CMV-Arg-I to overexpress Arg-I. Overexpressing Arg-I promoted eNOS-uncoupling, enhanced senescence markers including p53-S15, p21 and senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SA-β-gal) staining, and increased inflammatory vascular adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) as well as monocyte adhesion to endothelial cells without activating S6K1. All the effects of Arg-I were inhibited by the anti-oxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC). Our study demonstrates that Arg-I promotes endothelial senescence and inflammatory responses through eNOS-uncoupling unrelated to activation of the S6K1 pathway.

  14. A prospective randomized study of the efficacy and cost-effectiveness of high and low dose regimens of I-131 treatment in hyperthyroidism.

    PubMed

    Pusuwan, Pawana; Tuntawiroon, Malulee; Sritongkul, Nopamol; Chaudakshetrin, Pachee; Nopmaneejumruslers, Cherdchai; Komoltri, Chulalak; Thepamongkhol, Kullathorn; Khiewvan, Benjapa; Tuchinda, Pongpija; Sriussadaporn, Sutin

    2011-03-01

    To compare the efficacy and cost-effectiveness of high and low dose regimens of I-131 treatment in patients with hyperthyroidism. One hundred fifty patients with proven hyperthyroidism were randomly allocated into the high (74 patients) and low (76 patients) dose regimen of I-131 treatment. Four patients of the high dose group and one patient of the low dose group were excluded because of lost follow-up. A gland-specific dosage was calculated on the estimated weight of thyroid gland and 24-hour I-131 uptake. The high and low I-131 dose regimens were 150 microCi/gm and 100 microCi/gm, respectively. The first mean radioiodine activity administered to the high and low dose group was 10.2 and 8 mCi, respectively. Repeated treatment was given to 25 patients of the high dose group and 40 patients of the low dose group. Clinical outcome and calculated costs for outpatient attendances, and laboratory tests together with initial and subsequent treatments were evaluated for one year after I-131 treatment. Elimination of hyperthyroidism that resulted in either euthyroidism or hypothyroidism was classified as therapeutic success. The cost effectiveness was also compared. At 6 months after treatment, 45 (64.3%) patients receiving high dose and 59 (78.7%) patients receiving low dose were hyperthyroidism. Clinical outcome at one year showed persistence of hyperthyroidism in 21 (30%) patients of the high dose regimen and 36 (48%) patients of the low dose regimen. At one year post treatment, it was demonstrated that the high dose regimen could eliminate hyperthyroidism in a significantly shorter time than the low dose regimen, i.e., 259.6 days and 305.5 days, respectively, p = 0.008). For the persistent hyperthyroid patients, the average total cost of treatment in the low dose group was significantly higher than that of the high dose group, i.e., 13,422.78 baht and 10,942.79 baht, respectively; p = 0.050). A high dose regimen of radioactive iodine treatment is more effective than

  15. [In vivo and in vitro stability of ¹³¹I-Herceptin and its form of existence in the blood of rabbits].

    PubMed

    Fan, Yi-xiang; Shi, Wei-min; Huang, Kai-ling; Liu, Qing-zhu; Li, Ke-bin; Wu, Ji-zhen; Luo, Rong-cheng

    2010-11-01

    To evaluate the in vivo and in vitro stability of (131)I-Herceptin and its form of existence in the blood. Herceptin was labelled with iodine-131 using the Iodogen method. (131)I-Herceptin was stored at 4 degrees celsius for 3, 24, 48, 72 and 96 h, and the radiochemical purity (RCP) was measured by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Five rabbits received injections of (131)I-Herceptin and at 1, 3, 6, 24, 48, 72, 96 and 120 h after the injection, blood samples were taken to measure the RCP of (131)I-Herceptin in the serum, and the radio count of the serum and blood cells was calculated. The baseline RCP of (131)I-Herceptin was (94.9±2.7)%. The RCP was stable after placement at 4 degrees celsius for not over 72 h (F=15.985, P<0.001), but was significantly lowered to (82.6±2.8)% after preservation for over 72 h (t=9.971, P<0.001). Within the time of 1.0 to 96 h after injection in rabbits, (131)I-Herceptin existed mainly in the serum with a radio count of 81%-87%; 24 h after the injection, the RCP of (131)I-Herceptin in the serum was significantly lowered to (75.4±3.9)% (t=6.564, P<0.001). Storage at 4 degrees celsius for no more than 72 h does not obviously affect the activity of (131)I-Herceptin in terms of RCP. After injection in rabbits, (131)I-Herceptin exists mainly in the serum and its radiochemical purity remains stable within 24 h, after which obvious degradation occurs.

  16. Alzheimer and vascular dementia in the elderly patients.

    PubMed

    Seetlani, Naresh Kumar; Kumar, Narindar; Imran, Khalid; Ali, Asif; Shams, Nadia; Sheikh, Taha

    2016-01-01

    To find out the frequency of Alzheimer's and Vascular dementia in the elderly patients. This cross sectional descriptive study was conducted in Department of Medicine, Ziauddin Hospital Karachi from 1 st October 2013 to 31 st March 2014. Patients with symptoms of dementia for more than 6 months duration, and Mini Mental State Examination score <24 were included in this study. Patients who fell in category of dementia were assessed for duration of symptoms. Patients underwent CT scan of brain. Patients with generalized atrophy of brain on CT scanning of brain were labeled as Alzheimer's dementia, while patients with ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke on CT scan of brain were labeled as vascular dementia. Four hundred twenty two patients were included in this study. There were 232 (54.98 %) male and 190 (45.02 %) were female. The mean age ± SD of the patients was 72.58±5.34 years (95% CI: 72.07 to 73.09), similarly average duration of symptoms was 10.14±2.85 months. About 18.96% of patients were illiterate, 32.23% were matric, 28.44% were intermediate and 20.33% were graduate and post graduate. Hypertension and diabetes were the commonest co-morbid i.e. 81.3% and 73.7%, hyperlipedimia and smoking were 38.2% and 45% respectively. Frequency of Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia in the elderly was observed in 3.79% (16/422) and 2.61% (11/422) cases. A good number of patients, 27 out of 422, in this hospital based study were suffering from Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia. Early detection and prompt treatment can reduce the burden of the disease in our population.

  17. Iodine-131 metaiodobenzylguanidine therapy for neuroblastoma: reports so far and future perspective.

    PubMed

    Kayano, Daiki; Kinuya, Seigo

    2015-01-01

    Neuroblastoma, which derives from neural crest, is the most common extracranial solid cancer in childhood. The tumors express the norepinephrine (NE) transporters on their cell membrane and take in metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) via a NE transporter. Since iodine-131 (I-131) MIBG therapy was firstly reported, many trails of MIBG therapy in patients with neuroblastoma were performed. Though monotherapy with a low dose of I-131 MIBG could achieve high-probability pain reduction, the objective response was poor. In contrast, more than 12 mCi/kg I-131 MIBG administrations with or without hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) obtain relatively good responses in patients with refractory or relapsed neuroblastoma. The combination therapy with I-131 MIBG and other modalities such as nonmyeloablative chemotherapy and myeloablative chemotherapy with HCT improved the therapeutic response in patients with refractory or relapsed neuroblastoma. In addition, I-131 MIBG therapy incorporated in the induction therapy was proved to be feasible in patients with newly diagnosed neuroblastoma. To expand more the use of MIBG therapy for neuroblastoma, further studies will be needed especially in the use at an earlier stage from diagnosis, in the use with other radionuclide formations of MIBG, and in combined use with other therapeutic agents.

  18. Iodine-131 Metaiodobenzylguanidine Therapy for Neuroblastoma: Reports So Far and Future Perspective

    PubMed Central

    Kayano, Daiki

    2015-01-01

    Neuroblastoma, which derives from neural crest, is the most common extracranial solid cancer in childhood. The tumors express the norepinephrine (NE) transporters on their cell membrane and take in metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) via a NE transporter. Since iodine-131 (I-131) MIBG therapy was firstly reported, many trails of MIBG therapy in patients with neuroblastoma were performed. Though monotherapy with a low dose of I-131 MIBG could achieve high-probability pain reduction, the objective response was poor. In contrast, more than 12 mCi/kg I-131 MIBG administrations with or without hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) obtain relatively good responses in patients with refractory or relapsed neuroblastoma. The combination therapy with I-131 MIBG and other modalities such as nonmyeloablative chemotherapy and myeloablative chemotherapy with HCT improved the therapeutic response in patients with refractory or relapsed neuroblastoma. In addition, I-131 MIBG therapy incorporated in the induction therapy was proved to be feasible in patients with newly diagnosed neuroblastoma. To expand more the use of MIBG therapy for neuroblastoma, further studies will be needed especially in the use at an earlier stage from diagnosis, in the use with other radionuclide formations of MIBG, and in combined use with other therapeutic agents. PMID:25874239

  19. Synthesis and evaluation of ¹²³/¹³¹I-Iochlonicotinamide as a novel SPECT probe for malignant melanoma.

    PubMed

    Chang, Chih-Chao; Chang, Chih-Hsien; Shen, Chih-Chieh; Chen, Chuan-Lin; Liu, Ren-Shyan; Lin, Ming-Hsien; Wang, Hsin-Ell

    2015-05-01

    Malignant melanoma expresses a highly aggressive metastasis. Early diagnosis of malignant melanoma is important for patient survival. Radiolabeled benzamides and nicotinamides have been reported to be attractive candidates for malignant melanoma diagnosis as they bind to melanin, a characteristic substance that displays in malignant melanoma, and show high tumor accumulation and retention. Herein, we designed and synthesized a novel (123/131)I-labeled nicotinamide derivative that specifically binds to melanin. (123/131)I-Iochlonicotinamide was prepared with good radiochemical yield (50-70%, decay corrected) and high specific radioactivity (50-80 GBq/μmol). (131)I-Iochlonicotinamide exhibited good in vitro stability (radiochemical purity >95% after a 24-h incubation) in human serum. High uptake of (123/131)I-Iochlonicotinamide in B16F0 melanoma cells compared to that in A375 amelanotic cells demonstrated its selective binding to melanin. Intravenous administration of (123/131)I-Iochlonicotinamide in a melanoma-bearing mouse model revealed high uptake in melanotic melanoma and high tumor-to-muscle ratio. MicroSPECT scan of (123/131)I-Iochlonicotinamide injected mice also displayed high contrast tumor imaging as compared with normal organs. The radiation-absorbed dose projection for the administration of (131)I-Iochlonicotinamide to human was based on the results of biodistribution study. The effective dose appears to be approximately 0.44 mSv/MBq(-1). The specific binding of (123/131)I-Iochlonicotinamide to melanin along with a prolonged tumor retention and acceptable projected human dosimetry suggest that it may be a promising theranostic agent for treating malignant melanoma. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  20. Measurement of airborne 131I, 134)Cs and 137Cs due to the Fukushima reactor incident in Milan (Italy).

    PubMed

    Clemenza, M; Fiorini, E; Previtali, E; Sala, E

    2012-12-01

    After the earthquake and the tsunami occurred in Japan on March 2011, four of the Fukushima reactors had released in air a large amount of radioactive isotopes that diffused all over the world. The presence of airborne (131)I, (134)Cs, and (137)Cs in air particulate due to this accident were detected and measured in the Low Radioactivity Laboratory operating in the Department of Environmental Sciences of the University of Milano-Bicocca. The sensitivity of the detecting apparatus is of 0.2 uBq/m(3) of air. Concentration and time distribution of these radiocontaminations ranging from a few to 400 uBq/m(3) for the (131)I and of a few tens of uBq/m(3) for the (137)Cs and (134)Cs. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  1. SU-F-T-43: Prediction of Dose Increments by Brain Metastases Resection Cavity Shrinkage Model with I-125 and Cs-131 LDR Seed Implantations

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Han, D; Braunstein, S; Sneed, P

    Purpose: This work aims to determine dose variability via a brain metastases resection cavity shrinkage model (RC-SM) with I-125 or Cs-131 LDR seed implantations. Methods: The RC-SM was developed to represent sequential volume changes of 95 consecutive brain metastases patients. All patients underwent serial surveillance MR and change in cavity volume was recorded for each patient. For the initial resection cavity, a prolate-ellipsoid cavity model was suggested and applied volume shrinkage rates to correspond to 1.7, 3.6, 5.9, 11.7, and 20.5 months after craniotomy. Extra-ring structure (6mm) was added on a surface of the resection volume and the same shrinkagemore » rates were applied. Total 31 LDR seeds were evenly distributed on the surface of the resection cavity. The Amersham 6711 I-125 seed model (Oncura, Arlington Heights, IL) and the Model Cs-1 Rev2 Cs-131 seed model (IsoRay, Richland, WA) were used for TG-43U1 dose calculation and in-house-programed 3D-volumetric dose calculation system was used for resection cavity rigid model (RC-RM) and the RC-SM dose calculation. Results: The initial resection cavity volume shrunk to 25±6%, 35±6.8%, 42±7.7%, 47±9.5%, and 60±11.6%, with respect to sequential MR images post craniotomy, and the shrinkage rate (SR) was calculated as SR=56.41Xexp(−0.2024Xt)+33.99 and R-square value was 0.98. The normal brain dose as assessed via the dose to the ring structure with the RC-SM showed 29.34% and 27.95% higher than the RC-RM, I-125 and Cs-131, respectively. The dose differences between I-125 and Cs-131 seeds within the same models, I-125 cases were 9.17% and 10.35% higher than Cs-131 cases, the RC-RM and the RC-SM, respectively. Conclusion: A realistic RC-SM should be considered during LDR brain seed implementation and post-implement planning to prevent potential overdose. The RC-SM calculation shows that Cs-131 is more advantageous in sparing normal brain as the resection cavity volume changes with the LDR seeds

  2. Changes of regulatory T and B cells in patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma after 131I radioablation: a preliminary study.

    PubMed

    Jiang, Lei; Zhan, Yanxia; Gu, Yusen; Ye, Yi; Cheng, Yunfeng; Shi, Hongcheng

    2013-01-01

    Introduction. Lymphocytic infiltration and specific lymphocytes subsets may play important roles in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) progression and prognosis. In this study, we try to understand the influence of (131)I radioablation on the important lymphocytes subtypes of regulatory T and B cells (Tregs and Bregs). Methods. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 30 PTC patients before and after (131)I therapy, and 20 healthy donors were collected. The expression of Tregs (CD4(+)CD25(+)CD127(-/low)) and B cell (CD5(+)CD19(+)) and production and secretion of interleukin 10 (IL-10) were analyzed by FACS and ELISA assay, respectively. Results. For Tregs percentage in peripheral blood lymphocytes, there was no difference between pretreatment and control and between posttreatment and control. Compared with pretherapy, increased Tregs infiltration was noted in posttherapy (P < 0.05). Although no difference was between pretreatment and control, compared with these two groups, decreased CD19(+) and CD5(+)CD19(+) B cell percentage in posttreatment was observed (P < 0.05). Among these groups, no significant difference was displayed in intracellular IL-10 production and extracellular IL-10 secretion. Conclusions. (131)I Radioablation increased Tregs and decreased CD19(+) and CD5(+)CD19(+) B cells percentage after treatment. However, it has no effect on IL-10 and lymphocytes in peripheral blood. Therefore, longer follow-up of Tregs and Bregs should be further investigated.

  3. N-iodoacetyltyramine: Preparation and use in sup 125 I labeling by alkylation of sulfhydryl groups

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Lin, C.M.; Mihal, K.A.; Krueger, R.J.

    1989-06-01

    Preparation and use of N-iodoacetyltyramine in generation of {sup 125}I-labeled compounds is described. The kinetics of alkylation of N-acetylcysteine by N-iodoacetyltyramine (k2 = 3.0 M-1 s-1) and N-chloroacetyltyramine (k2 = 0.12 M-1 s-1) indicate that N-iodoacetyltyramine is more useful for labeling sulfhydryl-containing compounds to high specific activity with {sup 125}I. Conditions for preparation of carrier-free {sup 125}I-labeled N-iodoacetyl-3-monoiodotyramine in 50% yield based on starting iodide are described. The high degree of group specificity of N-iodoacetyl-3-monoiodotyramine reaction with sulfhydryl groups is demonstrated by the high reactivity toward sulfhydryl-containing bovine serum albumin and low reactivity toward N-ethylmaleimide-blocked bovine serum albumin and IgG.more » {sup 125}I-labeled N-iodoacetyl-3-monoiodotyramine was also used to prepare an {sup 125}I-labeled ACTH derivative that retains full biological activity, further demonstrating the selectivity toward reactions with sulfhydryl groups.« less

  4. Potential third-party radiation exposure from patients undergoing therapy with 131I for thyroid cancer or metastases.

    PubMed

    D'Alessio, Daniela; Giliberti, Claudia; Benassi, Marcello; Strigari, Lidia

    2015-03-01

    The purpose of this work is to evaluate the potential third-party radiation exposure from patients undergoing therapy with 131I for ablation of residual thyroid tumor or metastases, based in part on serial measurements of exposure rates. Exposure rate measurements were performed at 1 m and 5 cm from the surface of each treated patient until patient release. Dose estimates based on measured exposure rates were compared with those based on analytic point-source (PSM) and line-source (LSM) models. Effective doses D(∞) to travelers, co-workers and sleeping partners were estimated by using the standard gamma factor (Γ) and the physical half-life or the values derived from measured data. Seven hundred ten patients were studied until the exposure at 1 m was below the constraints of 0.010 mSv. The 131I activities administered ranged from 1.85 to 11.0 GBq (median: 3.7 GBq), according to the therapeutic requirements. Based on the PSM and an experimental Γ, the mean/maximum estimated D(∞) to sleeping partners, partners, travelers, and co-workers were 2.60/20.65, 0.32/2.53, 0.96/7.59, and 0.57/4.50 mSv, respectively. Using the LSM and an experimental Γ, the D(∞) values were 2.41/19.15, 0.32/2.50, 0.83/6.62, and 0.57/4.42 mSv, respectively, while they were almost double using the theoretical Γ. The results presented, based on measured data in a large cohort of 131I-treated thyroid cancer patients, will allow more accurate estimation of potential third-party D(∞) following patient release and thus may be used to better inform physicians and hospital staff on recommendations for patient release and post-release precautions following radioiodine therapies.

  5. Mutagenicity of diagnostic and therapeutical doses of radiopharmaceutical iodine-131 in Wistar rats.

    PubMed

    Düsman, Elisângela; Berti, Alessandra Paim; Mariucci, Rosinete Gonçalves; Lopes, Nilson Benedito; Vicentini, Veronica Elisa Pimenta

    2011-11-01

    Iodine-131 ((131)I) is a radioisotope used for the diagnosis and treatment of thyroidal disorders such as hyperthyroidism and cancer. During its decay, (131)I emits beta particles and gamma rays; its physical half-life is 8 days, and it is accumulated preferentially in the thyroid tissue. This study aimed to evaluate the cytotoxicity and mutagenicity of diagnostic and therapeutic doses of (131)I using bone marrow cells of rats treated in vivo in a test system with a single dose by gavage. Concentrations of 5, 25, 50 and 250 μCi in 1 ml of water were used, and after 24 h, the animals were killed. Also, a concentration of 25 μCi/ml of water was used, and the animals were killed after 5 days. The results showed that no concentration of (131)I was cytotoxic and that all concentrations were mutagenic. As a result, there was no statistically significant difference detected by the χ(2) test in the induction of chromosomal aberrations between the different doses. Thus, the present study demonstrated a significant increase in chromosomal aberration in bone marrow cells exposed to (131)I regardless of the dose or the treatment time.

  6. Strategies for systemic radiotherapy of micrometastases using antibody-targeted 131I.

    PubMed

    Wheldon, T E; O'Donoghue, J A; Hilditch, T E; Barrett, A

    1988-02-01

    A simple analysis is developed to evaluate the likely effectiveness of treatment of micrometastases by antibody-targeted 131I. Account is taken of the low levels of tumour uptake of antibody-conjugated 131I presently achievable and of the "energy wastage" in targeting microscopic tumours with a radionuclide whose disintegration energy is widely dissipated. The analysis shows that only modest doses can be delivered to micrometastases when total body dose is restricted to levels which allow recovery of bone marrow. Much higher doses could be delivered to micrometastases when bone marrow rescue is used. A rationale is presented for targeted systemic radiotherapy used in combination with external beam total body irradiation (TBI) and bone marrow rescue. This has some practical advantages. The effect of the targeted component is to impose a biological non-uniformity on the total body dose distribution with regions of high tumour cell density receiving higher doses. Where targeting results in high doses to particular normal organs (e.g. liver, kidney) the total dose to these organs could be kept within tolerable limits by appropriate shielding of the external beam radiation component of the treatment. Greater levels of tumour cell kill should be achievable by the combination regime without any increase in normal tissue damage over that inflicted by conventional TBI. The predicted superiority of the combination regime is especially marked for tumours just below the threshold for detectability (e.g. approximately 1 mm-1 cm diameter). This approach has the advantage that targeted radiotherapy provides only a proportion of the total body dose, most of which is given by a familiar technique. The proportion of dose given by the targeted component could be increased as experience is gained. The predicted superiority of the combination strategy should be experimentally testable using laboratory animals. Clinical applications should be cautiously approached, with due regard to

  7. SU-E-T-338: Ultrastable PRNA 3WJ Nanoparticles as Potential I-125 and C-131 Carriers for Targeted Radiation Therapy

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Luo, W; Li, H; Guo, P

    2014-06-01

    Purpose: To study the feasibility of using the pRNA 3WJ nanoparticles to carry I-125 or Cs-131 to target and treat cancer. As the first step, we investigated the stabilities of pRNA 3WJ nanoparticles that are essential for cancer targeting and treatment in this study. Methods: The thermodynamic stability of assembled RNA 3WJ nanoparticles was studied using the TGGE system. The nanoparticles were irradiated with I-125 or Cs-131 radioactive sources that were immersed in the RNA nanoparticle/DNA structure sample liquid contained in a small vial. The irradiation of the RNA samples was performed for different time periods and doses. The purposemore » was to distinguish the effects of radiation on DNA and RNA structures. Unradiated samples were used as control. Results: RNA nanoparticles were formed by mixing three pieces of oligos, 3WJa, 3WJb, and 3WJc at 1:1:1 molar ratio. Figure 4 demonstrates that 2′-F modified 3WJ nanoparticles remained stable at temperatures as high as 66.8 ± 2°C, and exhibited melting temperatures of 71 ± 2°C. The radiation stability test was performed with I- 125 and Cs-131 irradiation. Several DNA structures including plasmids were included as control. The first test introduced I-125 and a low dose of 1 Gy to both RNA and DNA samples, but no change was observed. When the dose was increased to 30 Gy, DNA was damaged while RNA remained unchanged. Three tests were also conducted with Cs-131 with 7 Gy, 21 Gy, 30 Gy, and 89 Gy, and the results were similar to those with I-125. Conclusion: pRNA 3WJ nanoparticles are able to form efficiently by onepot self-assembly. They remained stable at high temperatures and high therapeutic doses over a long time. These unique features suggest that RNA 3WJ nanoparticles have the potential to be used for targeted radiation therapy for cancer treatment.« less

  8. Nasolacrimal duct obstruction following radioactive iodine 131 therapy in differentiated thyroid cancers: review of 19 cases.

    PubMed

    Al-Qahtani, Khalid Hussain; Al Asiri, Mushabbab; Tunio, Mutahir A; Aljohani, Naji J; Bayoumi, Yasser; Munir, Iqbal; AlAyoubi, Ayman

    2014-01-01

    Radioactive iodine 131 ((131)I) therapy has long been used in the treatment of differentiated thyroid cancers (DTC). While salivary and lacrimal glandular complications secondary to (131)I therapy are well documented, there is little in the literature addressing nasolacrimal duct obstruction (NLDO). We aimed to evaluate the frequency of (131)I therapy-acquired NLDO, its correlation to (131)I therapy doses, and the surgical treatment outcome of this rare side effect. From 2000-2012, a retrospective review of 864 among 1,192 patients with confirmed DTC who were treated with (131)I therapy was performed to examine the frequency of NLDO, its causative factors, as well as imaging, surgical intervention, and outcomes. Nineteen (2.2%) patients were identified with NLDO. The mean age was 51.9±10.5 years (range: 39-72 years). Fifteen (78.9%) were female and four were male (21.1%). The mean individual (131)I doses were 311.1±169.3 millicurie (mCi) (range: 150-600 mCi). The mean duration between the date of (131)I therapy and the occurrence of NLDO was 11.6±4.1 months (range: 6.5-20). Fourteen (73.7%) patients had bilateral epiphora. Computed tomography dacryography allowed for the detection of all NLDO. Eighteen (94.7%) patients underwent dacryocystorhinostomy. Complete recovery was obtained in 14 (73.7%) patients. Age >45 years and (131)I therapy doses >150 mCi were significantly correlated with NLDO (P=0.02 and P=0.03, respectively). NLDO is an underestimated complication of (131)I therapy in DTC patients. Clinicians should be aware of this rare complication for prompt intervention.

  9. Radioactive body burden measurements in (131)iodine therapy for differentiated thyroid cancer: effect of recombinant thyroid stimulating hormone in whole body (131)iodine clearance.

    PubMed

    Ravichandran, Ramamoorthy; Al Saadi, Amal; Al Balushi, Naima

    2014-01-01

    Protocols in the management of differentiated thyroid cancer, recommend adequate thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) stimulation for radioactive (131)I administrations, both for imaging and subsequent ablations. Commonly followed method is to achieve this by endogenous TSH stimulation by withdrawal of thyroxine. Numerous studies worldwide have reported comparable results with recombinant human thyroid stimulating hormone (rhTSH) intervention as conventional thyroxine hormone withdrawal. Radiation safety applications call for the need to understand radioactive (131)I (RA(131)I) clearance pattern to estimate whole body doses when this new methodology is used in our institution. A study of radiation body burden estimation was undertaken in two groups of patients treated with RA(131)I; (a) one group of patients having thyroxine medication suspended for 5 weeks prior to therapy and (b) in the other group retaining thyroxine support with two rhTSH injections prior to therapy with RA(131)I. Sequential exposure rates at 1 m in the air were measured in these patients using a digital auto-ranging beta gamma survey instrument calibrated for measurement of exposure rates. The mean measured exposure rates at 1 m in μSv/h immediately after administration and at 24 h intervals until 3 days are used for calculating of effective ½ time of clearance of administered activity in both groups of patients, 81 patients in conventionally treated group (stop thyroxine) and 22 patients with rhTSH administration. The (131)I activities ranged from 2.6 to 7.9 GBq. The mean administered (131)I activities were 4.24 ± 0.95 GBq (n = 81) in "stop hormone" group and 5.11 ± 1.40 GBq (n = 22) in rhTSH group. The fall of radioactive body burden showed two clearance patterns within observed 72 h. Calculated T½eff values were 16.45 h (stop hormone group) 12.35 h (rhTSH group) for elapsed period of 48 h. Beyond 48 h post administration, clearance of RA(131)I takes place with T½eff> 20 h in both groups

  10. Hyperpolarized 131Xe NMR spectroscopy

    PubMed Central

    Stupic, Karl F.; Cleveland, Zackary I.; Pavlovskaya, Galina E.; Meersmann, Thomas

    2011-01-01

    Hyperpolarized (hp) 131Xe with up to 2.2% spin polarization (i.e., 5000-fold signal enhancement at 9.4 T) was obtained after separation from the rubidium vapor of the spin-exchange optical pumping (SEOP) process. The SEOP was applied for several minutes in a stopped-flow mode, and the fast, quadrupolar-driven T1 relaxation of this spin I = 3/2 noble gas isotope required a rapid subsequent rubidium removal and swift transfer into the high magnetic field region for NMR detection. Because of the xenon density dependent 131Xe quadrupolar relaxation in the gas phase, the SEOP polarization build-up exhibits an even more pronounced dependence on xenon partial pressure than that observed in 129Xe SEOP. 131Xe is the only stable noble gas isotope with a positive gyromagnetic ratio and shows therefore a different relative phase between hp signal and thermal signal compared to all other noble gases. The gas phase 131Xe NMR spectrum displays a surface and magnetic field dependent quadrupolar splitting that was found to have additional gas pressure and gas composition dependence. The splitting was reduced by the presence of water vapor that presumably influences xenon-surface interactions. The hp 131Xe spectrum shows differential line broadening, suggesting the presence of strong adsorption sites. Beyond hp 131Xe NMR spectroscopy studies, a general equation for the high temperature, thermal spin polarization, P, for spin I⩾1/2 nuclei is presented. PMID:21051249

  11. Laser ablation and 131-iodine: a 24-month pilot study of combined treatment for large toxic nodular goiter.

    PubMed

    Chianelli, M; Bizzarri, G; Todino, V; Misischi, I; Bianchini, A; Graziano, F; Guglielmi, R; Pacella, C M; Gharib, H; Papini, E

    2014-07-01

    It is normally recognized that the preferred treatment in large toxic thyroid nodules should be thyroidectomy. The aim of the study was to assess the efficacy of combined laser ablation treatment (LAT) and radioiodine 131 (131I) treatment of large thyroid toxic nodules with respect to rapidity of control of local symptoms, of hyperthyroidism, and of reduction of administered 131I activity in patients at refusal or with contraindications to surgery. We conducted a pilot study at a single center specializing in thyroid care. Fifteen patients were treated with LAT, followed by 131I (group A), and a series of matched consecutive patients were treated by 131I only (group B). Laser energy was delivered with an output power of 3 W (1800 J per fiber per treatment) through two 75-mm, 21-gauge spinal needles. Radioiodine activity was calculated to deliver 200 Gy to the hyperfunctioning nodule. Thyroid function, thyroid peroxidase antibody, thyroglobulin antibody, ultrasound, and local symptoms were measured at baseline and up to 24 months. Nodule volume reduction at 24 months was: 71.3 ± 13.4 vs 47.4 ± 5.5%, group A (LAT+131I) vs group B (131I), respectively; P < .001). In group A (LAT+131I), a reduction in radioiodine-administered activity was obtained (-21.1 ± 8.1%). Local symptom score demonstrated a more rapid reduction in group A (LAT+131I). In three cases, no 131I treatment was needed after LAT. In this pilot study, combined LAT/131I treatment induced faster and greater improvement of local and systemic symptoms compared to 131I only. This approach seems a possible alternative to thyroidectomy in patients at refusal of surgery.

  12. SU-E-T-619: Planning 131I Thyroid Treatments for Patients Requiring Hemodialysis

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Stroud, D

    Purpose: Treatment of 131I thyroid cancer patients who also require regular hemodialysis (HD) treatments requires consideration of the administered activity and the HD schedule. In this work the red bone marrow is considered the dose limiting organ and the treatment plan optimized the HD schedule with the amount of radioactivity administered. Methods: The ‘Safe’ dose was considered to be 2 Gy (200 rad) to the red bone marrow.1 131Iodine doses of 50 mCi to 100 mCi were modeled and found to require a range of HD schedules. In order to achieve the safe dose to the red marrow, more aggressivemore » HD schedules are required. 100 mCi required an aggressive HD treatment of every 24 hours for at least one week to achieve the ‘safe’ dose and an exposure appropriate for release from the hospital. A more normal schedule of HD beginning at 18 hours then every 48 hours allowed for up to 60 mCi administered dose allowed for a safe dose and expected release after less than one week.2In addition room was equipped with video cameras cameras for monitoring the patient and their vital signs from an adjacent room during HD. In this way the dialysis nurses were able to monitor the patient closely from an adjoining room. Results: Two HD patients were administered adjusted doses of about 50 mCi. The medical and nursing staff were exposed to no more than 4 mR for the entire treatment. The residual Iodine in the patient appeared to be normal after 4 to 6 days when the patient was released. Conclusion: With careful treatment planning 131Iodine treatments can be performed safely for patients needing HD and treatments appear to be as effective as those for patients with normal renal function.« less

  13. Nontoxic Goiter (NTG) and Radioiodine: What Do Patients Think About It? Quality of Life in Patients with NTG Before and After 131-I Therapy.

    PubMed

    Kaniuka-Jakubowska, Sonia; Lewczuk, Anna; Majkowicz, Mikołaj; Piskunowicz, Maciej; Mizan-Gross, Krystyna; Zapaśnik, Adam; Kaszubowski, Mariusz; Lass, Piotr; Sworczak, Krzysztof

    2018-01-01

    Despite numerous publications regarding nontoxic goiter (NTG) treatment and an increasing interest in patients' quality of life, few studies present the outcome of 131-I treatment from the patients' perspective. Our study's main aim was to verify whether there is any improvement in life quality following 131-I treatment. Thirty-five patients with NTG qualified to participate in the study. All patients completed a Thyroid-Related Health-Related Quality of Life (Thy-R-HRQoL) questionnaire created by us and the Medical Outcomes Study 36-item Short Form (SF-36), right before and 1 year after 131-I. We observed an improvement in six out of eight SF-36 and three out of seven Thy-R-HRQoL domains. In comparison with the control group, we observed worse results in two out of eight, prior to treatment, and one out of eight SF-36 afterward, as well as in all Thy-R-HRQoL domains. We did not find any correlation between improvement of Thy-R-HRQoL and SF-36 and goiter size reduction, except for Bodily Pain. There was also no correlation between improvement of SF-36 and Thy-R-HRQoL domains, and goiter size before treatment. The older the patient, the less noticeable improvement was observed in Physical and Social Functioning, and Vitality in SF-36, but age had no influence on the assessment by Thy-R-HRQoL. Radioiodine treatment improves life quality in patients with NTG. Use of the Health-Related Quality of Life questionnaire should be taken into consideration when evaluating life quality of patients with NTG. Relentless pursuit of maximal goiter size reduction in 131-I treatment is worth consideration. In our study, life quality improvement did not depend directly on the goiter size reduction. Life quality improvement after 131-I might not depend on initial goiter size, and for certain domains of SF-36 might be less clearly expressed in older patients.

  14. Outcome of radioiodine-131 therapy in hyperfunctioning thyroid nodules: a 20 years' retrospective study.

    PubMed

    Ceccarelli, Claudia; Bencivelli, Walter; Vitti, Paolo; Grasso, Lucia; Pinchera, Aldo

    2005-03-01

    To investigate the risk of hypothyroidism after radioiodine (131I) treatment for hyperfunctioning thyroid nodules. Retrospective analysis of patients treated with 131I for hyperfunctioning thyroid nodules and followed up for a maximum of 20 years. A total of 346 patients treated with 131I in the years 1975-95, for a single hyperfunctioning nodule. Hypothyroidism was defined as TSH levels > 3.7 mU/l. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was used to analyse permanence of euthyroidism after 131I. A stepwise Cox proportional hazard model was used to identify factors influencing the progression to hypothyroidism. The cumulative incidence of hypothyroidism was 7.6% at 1 year, 28% at 5 years, 46% at 10 years and 60% at 20 years. Age (P < 0.01), 24-th 131I uptake (P < 0.05) and previous treatment with methimazole (MMI, P < 0.1) were associated with a faster progression towards hypothyroidism, while thyroid and nodule size, thyroid status at diagnosis and degree of extranodular thyroid parenchymal suppression had no influence. In hyperthyroid patients with partial parenchymal suppression, however, previous MMI treatment was the most important prognostic factor (P < 0.01). After 20 years of follow-up, 60% of patients treated with 131I for a single hyperfunctioning nodule are hypothyroid. Factors increasing the risk of hypothyroidism are age, 131I uptake and MMI pretreatment. The prognostic value of this last factor, however, depends on the degree of suppression of the extranodular thyroid parenchyma at the scan.

  15. Regulation of insulin-like growth factor I receptors on vascular smooth muscle cells by growth factors and phorbol esters.

    PubMed

    Ververis, J J; Ku, L; Delafontaine, P

    1993-06-01

    Insulin-like growth factor I (IGF I) is an important mitogen for vascular smooth muscle cells. To characterize regulation of vascular IGF I receptors, we performed radioligand displacement experiments using rat aortic smooth muscle cells (RASMs). Serum deprivation for 48 hours caused a 40% decrease in IGF I receptor number. Exposure of quiescent RASMs to platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), fibroblast growth factor (FGF), or angiotensin II (Ang II) caused a 1.5-2.0-fold increase in IGF I receptors per cell. After FGF exposure, there was a marked increase in the mitogenic response to IGF I. IGF I downregulated its receptors in the presence of platelet-poor plasma. Stimulation of protein kinase C (PKC) by exposure of quiescent RASMs to phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate caused a biphasic response in IGF I binding; there was a 42% decrease in receptor number at 45 minutes and a 238% increase at 24 hours. To determine the role of PKC in growth factor-induced regulation of IGF I receptors, we downregulated PKC by exposing RASMs to phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate (PDBu) for 48 hours. PDGF- and FGF- but not Ang II-mediated upregulation of IGF I receptors was completely inhibited in PDBu-treated cells. Thus, acute PKC activation by phorbol esters inhibits IGF I binding, whereas chronic PKC activation increases IGF I binding. PDGF and FGF but not Ang II regulate vascular IGF I receptors through a PKC-dependent pathway. These data provide new insights into the regulation of vascular smooth muscle cell IGF I receptors in vitro and are of potential importance in characterizing vascular proliferative responses in vivo.

  16. Genotypic and phenotypic profiles of Escherichia coli isolates belonging to clinical sequence type 131 (ST131), clinical non-ST131, and fecal non-ST131 lineages from India.

    PubMed

    Hussain, Arif; Ranjan, Amit; Nandanwar, Nishant; Babbar, Anshu; Jadhav, Savita; Ahmed, Niyaz

    2014-12-01

    In view of the epidemiological success of CTX-M-15-producing lineages of Escherichia coli and particularly of sequence type 131 (ST131), it is of significant interest to explore its prevalence in countries such as India and to determine if antibiotic resistance, virulence, metabolic potential, and/or the genetic architecture of the ST131 isolates differ from those of non-ST131 isolates. A collection of 126 E. coli isolates comprising 43 ST131 E. coli, 40 non-ST131 E. coli, and 43 fecal E. coli isolates collected from a tertiary care hospital in India was analyzed. These isolates were subjected to enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus (ERIC)-based fingerprinting, O typing, phylogenetic grouping, antibiotic sensitivity testing, and virulence and antimicrobial resistance gene (VAG) detection. Representative isolates from this collection were also analyzed by multilocus sequence typing (MLST), conjugation, metabolic profiling, biofilm production assay, and zebra fish lethality assay. All of the 43 ST131 E. coli isolates were exclusively associated with phylogenetic group B2 (100%), while most of the clinical non-ST131 and stool non-ST131 E. coli isolates were affiliated with the B2 (38%) and A (58%) phylogenetic groups, respectively. Significantly greater proportions of ST131 isolates (58%) than non-ST131 isolates (clinical and stool E. coli isolates, 5% each) were technically identified to be extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli (ExPEC). The clinical ST131, clinical non-ST131, and stool non-ST131 E. coli isolates exhibited high rates of multidrug resistance (95%, 91%, and 91%, respectively), extended-spectrum-β-lactamase (ESBL) production (86%, 83%, and 91%, respectively), and metallo-β-lactamase (MBL) production (28%, 33%, and 0%, respectively). CTX-M-15 was strongly linked with ESBL production in ST131 isolates (93%), whereas CTX-M-15 plus TEM were present in clinical and stool non-ST131 E. coli isolates. Using MLST, we confirmed the presence of two NDM-1

  17. Recyclable Cu(i)/melanin dots for cycloaddition, bioconjugation and cell labelling

    DOE PAGES

    Sun, Yao; Hong, Suhyun; Ma, Xiaowei; ...

    2016-05-20

    We successfully transferred melanin into a novel catalytic platform. Ligand-free, water-soluble, recyclable and biocompatible Cu(i)-loaded melanin dots [Cu(i)/M-dots] was easily prepared and demonstrate excellent properties for classic CuAAC, bioconjugation and cell labelling.

  18. 40 CFR 59.615 - How must I label and identify the portable fuel containers I produce?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... portable fuel containers I produce? 59.615 Section 59.615 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL... FOR CONSUMER AND COMMERCIAL PRODUCTS Control of Evaporative Emissions From New and In-Use Portable... portable fuel containers I produce? This section describes how you must label your portable fuel containers...

  19. The mechanism of vascular leakage induced by leukotriene E4. Endothelial contraction.

    PubMed Central

    Joris, I.; Majno, G.; Corey, E. J.; Lewis, R. A.

    1987-01-01

    This study identifies the microvascular target of leukotriene E4 (LTE4) by vascular labeling with carbon black and establishes the mechanism of its action at the cellular level by electron microscopy. LTE4 and its tripeptide precursor, leukotriene C4 (LTC4) were injected subcutaneously in guinea pigs. With LTE4, venular labeling was intense at 1000 and 100 ng and slight at 10 ng, with extinction at 1 ng. LTC4 induced a ring of labeled venules around a blank central area, suggestive of vasospasm. The nonpeptidyl leukotriene LTB4 induced no labeling. Histamine (1000 ng) induced an area of vascular labeling about equal to that by 1000 ng LTE4, but the labeling of individual venules was more intense. By electron microscopy, LTE4 was found to induce gaps in the endothelium of the venules; the endothelial cells adjacent to the gaps bulged into the lumen and showed wrinkled nuclei, consistent with cellular contraction. This ultrastructural evidence suggests that LTE4 increases vascular permeability by contraction of endothelial cells selectively, in the postcapillary venules, as was previously demonstrated for other inflammatory mediators, including histamine, serotonin, and bradykinin. Images Figure 2 Figure 3 Figure 4 PMID:3028143

  20. Radioiodine Accumulation in a Giant Ovarian Cystadenofibroma Detected Incidentally by 131-I Whole Body Scans

    PubMed Central

    Mebarki, Mohammed; Menemani, Abdelghani; Medjahedi, Abdelkader; Boualou, Fouad; Slama, Abdelhak; Ouguirti, Sarah; Kherbouche, Fatima Zahra; Berber, Nécib

    2012-01-01

    Ovarian cystadenofibroma is a relatively rare tumor; it is usually asymptomatic and is found incidentally. We present the case of a 24-year-old female patient, who had undergone total thyroidectomy for thyroid papillary carcinoma, with an asymptomatic giant cystadenofibroma, incidentally discovered by diagnostic 131I-SPECT/CT WBSs. We summarize the clinical history, imaging data, and histopathological study on a rare case of radioiodine accumulation in cystadenofibroma, and we discuss the mechanism of uptake of radioiodine in this case. PMID:23119215

  1. Cytotoxic and mutagenic effects of iodine-131 and radioprotection of acerola (Malpighia glabra L.) and beta-carotene in vitro.

    PubMed

    Almeida, I V; Düsman, E; Heck, M C; Pamphile, J A; Lopes, N B; Tonin, L T D; Vicentini, V E P

    2013-12-10

    The radioisotope iodine-131 [(131)I] can damage DNA. One way to prevent this is to increase the amount of antioxidants via dietary consumption. The goal of this study was to evaluate the radioprotective effect of fresh acerola pulp and synthetic beta-carotene in Rattus norvegicus hepatoma cells (HTC) in response to [(131)I] exposure in vitro. Cellular DNA damage was subsequently assessed using a cytokinesis block micronucleus assay. The mutagenic and cytotoxic activities of doses of [(131)I] (0.1, 0.5, 1, 5, and 10 µCi), acerola (0.025, 0.125, and 0.25 g acerola pulp/mL), and beta-carotene (0.2, 1, and 2 µM) were evaluated. Radioprotective tests were performed by simultaneous treatment with acerola (0.25 g/mL) plus [(131)I] (10 µCi) and beta-carotene (0.2 µM) plus [(131)I] (10 µCi). Acerola, beta-carotene, and low concentrations of [(131)I] did not induce micronucleus formation in HTC cells; in contrast, high concentrations of [(131)I] (10 µCi) were mutagenic and induced DNA damage. Moreover, neither acerola nor beta-carotene treatment was cytotoxic. However, acerola reduced the percentage of [(131)I]-induced damage, although beta-carotene did not show a similar effect. Thus, our results suggest that acerola diet supplementation may benefit patients who are exposed to [(131)I] during thyroid diagnostics and therapy.

  2. Immunoscintigraphy of human pancreatic carcinoma in nude mice with I-131-F(ab')/sub 2/-fragments of monoclonal antibodies

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Senekowitsch, R.; Maul, F.D.; Wenisch, H.J.C.

    1985-05-01

    In the present study radioiodinated F(ab')/sub 2/-fragments of CA19-9 and antibody that reacts specifically with human gastrointestinal cancer were examined for their ability to detect human pancreatic carcinoma hosted in nude mice. Tumor-bearing mice received 80..mu..Ci of I-131-F(ab')/sub 2/ with a specific activity of 1.8..mu..Ci/..mu..g. All mice were imaged after the injection and every 24hr up to 6 days. The retained radioactivity was also registered with a whole-body counter immediately after imaging. As a control F(ab's)/sub 2/ of a nonspecific antibody were administered in parallel to another group of animals bearing the same tumor. Three animals of each group weremore » killed at 1,2,4 and 8 days for determination of the distribution of both labeled antibody-fragments. On scintigraphic images obtained with the CA19-9-F(ab')/sub 2/ the tumors could be visualized 24hr after injection, the best dilineation however was achieved 96hr p.i.. The biodistribution data exhibited a more rapid blood clearance for the specific fragments compared to that for the unspecific ones. Tumors showed an increase in uptake up to 48hr reaching 1.7% of the injected dose per gram, declining to values of 0.08%/g at day 6 p.i.. The highest tumor-to-blood ratios were found after 96h. They were 7 for the CA19-9-fragments compared to 1.5 for the unspecific fragments. The whole body counting revealed a more rapid excretion for the fragments of the specific monoclonal antibodies than for the unspecific ones. In summary the authors were able to show that CA19-9-F(ab')/sub 2/-fragments can be used for immunodetection of human pancreatic carcinoma hosted in nude mice.« less

  3. Atmospheric removal times of the aerosol-bound radionuclides 137Cs and 131I during the months after the Fukushima Dai-ichi nuclear power plant accident - a constraint for air quality and climate models

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Kristiansen, N. I.; Stohl, A.; Wotawa, G.

    2012-05-01

    Caesium-137 (137Cs) and iodine-131 (131I) are radionuclides of particular concern during nuclear accidents, because they are emitted in large amounts and are of significant health impact. 137Cs and 131I attach to the ambient accumulation-mode (AM) aerosols and share their fate as the aerosols are removed from the atmosphere by scavenging within clouds, precipitation and dry deposition. Here, we estimate their removal times from the atmosphere using a unique high-precision global measurement data set collected over several months after the accident at the Fukushima Dai-ichi nuclear power plant in March 2011. The noble gas xenon-133 (133Xe), also released during the accident, served as a passive tracer of air mass transport for determining the removal times of 137Cs and 131I via the decrease in the measured ratios 137Cs/133Xe and 131I/133Xe over time. After correction for radioactive decay, the 137Cs/133Xe ratios reflect the removal of aerosols by wet and dry deposition, whereas the 131I/133Xe ratios are also influenced by aerosol production from gaseous 131I. We find removal times for 137Cs of 10.0-13.9 days and for 131I of 17.1-24.2 days during April and May 2011. We discuss possible caveats (e.g. late emissions, resuspension) that can affect the results, and compare the 137Cs removal times with observation-based and modeled aerosol lifetimes. Our 137Cs removal time of 10.0-13.9 days should be representative of a "background" AM aerosol well mixed in the extratropical Northern Hemisphere troposphere. It is expected that the lifetime of this vertically mixed background aerosol is longer than the lifetime of AM aerosols originating from surface sources. However, the substantial difference to the mean lifetimes of AM aerosols obtained from aerosol models, typically in the range of 3-7 days, warrants further research on the cause of this discrepancy. Too short modeled AM aerosol lifetimes would have serious implications for air quality and climate model predictions.

  4. Iodine-131 tositumomab (Bexxar) in a radiation oncology environment

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Macklis, Roger M.

    2006-10-01

    Iodine-131 (I-131) tositumomab (Bexxar; GlaxoSmithKline, Research Triangle Park, NC) is one of two recently approved radiolabeled antibodies directed against the CD20 surface antigen found on normal B cells and in more than 95% of B cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. The compound itself is formulated as an IgG2a immunoglobulin radiolabeled with the mixed beta/gamma emitter I-131. Multicenter clinical trials have repeatedly shown impressive clinical responses (20-40% complete response rates and 60-80% overall response rates) in the patient groups for whom this treatment is indicated. Treatment-related toxicity is generally extremely mild and typically involves only reversible hematopoietic suppression and (in some cases) amore » risk of treatment-induced hypothyroidism. Owing to Radiation safety concerns necessitated by the clinical use of this targeted radiopharmaceutical, it is important for radiation oncology departments wishing to participate in the care of these patients to establish methodologies and standard operating procedures for safe and efficient departmental use. This summary reviews the pertinent background information related to the current clinical experience with I-131 tositumomab and highlights some of the major opportunities for the participation of radiation oncology in the patient evaluation and treatment process. I-131 tositumomab provides an excellent example of the way in which the increasingly important new field of 'targeted therapy' intersects with the practice of clinical radiotherapy. The author contends that it will be worth the time and effort involved in establishing a firm basis for the development of a comprehensive program for systemic targeted radiopharmaceutical therapies (STaRT) within Radiation medicine domain.« less

  5. The number of 131I therapy courses needed to achieve complete remission is an indicator of prognosis in patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma.

    PubMed

    Thies, Elena-Daphne; Tanase, Karina; Maeder, Uwe; Luster, Markus; Buck, Andreas K; Hänscheid, Heribert; Reiners, Christoph; Verburg, Frederik A

    2014-12-01

    To assess the risk of differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) recurrence, DTC-related mortality and life expectancy in relation to the number of courses of (131)I therapy (RIT) and cumulative (131)I activities required to achieve complete remission (CR). The study was a database review of 1,229 patients with DTC, 333 without and 896 with CR (negative TSH-stimulated thyroglobulin and negative (131)I diagnostic whole-body scintigraphy) after one or more courses of RIT. The median follow-up was 9.0 years (range 0.1 - 31.8 years) after CR. Recurrence rates at 5 years, 10 years and the end of follow-up were 1.0 ± 0.3%, 4.0 ± 0.7 % and 6.2 ± 1.1 %, and DTC-related mortality was 0.1 ± 0.1%, 0.5 ± 0.3% and 3.4 ± 1.1%, respectively. Recurrence rates also increased with an increasing number of RIT courses required (p = 0.001). DTC-related mortality increased from four RIT courses. In patients with CR after one RIT course, there were no differences in recurrence or DTC-related mortality rates between low-risk and high-risk patients. In patients requiring two RIT courses these rates remain elevated in high-risk patients. Recurrence and DTC-related mortality rates were only significantly elevated in those requiring a cumulative activity over 22.2 GBq (600 mCi) from multiple RIT courses for CR. Regardless of the number of RIT courses or activity needed, life expectancy was not significantly lowered. If more than one RIT course is needed to achieve CR, higher recurrence and DTC-related mortality rates are observed, especially in high-risk patients. Patients requiring >22.2 GBq (131)I for CR should be followed in the same way as patients in whom CR is never reached as long-term mortality rates are similar.

  6. Measurement of 131I activity in air indoor Polish nuclear medical hospital as a tool for an internal dose assessment.

    PubMed

    Brudecki, K; Szczodry, A; Mróz, T; Kowalska, A; Mietelski, J W

    2018-03-01

    This paper presents results of 131 I air activity measurements performed within nuclear medical hospitals as a tool for internal dose assessment. The study was conducted at a place of preparation and administration of 131 I ("hot room") and at a nurse station. 131 I activity measurements were performed for 5 and 4 consecutive working days, at the "hot room" and nurse station, respectively. Iodine from the air was collected by a mobile HVS-30 aerosol sampler combined with a gas sampler. Both the gaseous and aerosol fractions were measurement. The activities in the gaseous fraction ranged from (28 ± 1 Bq m -3 ) to (492 ± 4) Bq m -3 . At both sampling sites, the activity of the gaseous iodine fraction trapped on activated charcoal was significantly higher than that of the aerosol fraction captured on Petrianov filter cloth. Based on these results, an attempt has been made to estimate annual inhalation effective doses, which were found to range from 0.47 mSv (nurse female) to 1.3 mSv (technician male). The highest annual inhalation equivalent doses have been found for thyroid as 32, 27, 13, and 11 mSv, respectively, for technician male, technical female, nurse male, and nurse female. The method presented here allows to fill the gaps in internal doses measurements. Moreover, because method has been successful used for many years in radioactive contamination monitoring of air in cases of serious nuclear accidents, it should also be used in nuclear medicine.

  7. Unusual Presentation of Bladder Paraganglioma: Comparison of 131I MIBG SPECT/CT and 68Ga DOTANOC PET/CT

    PubMed Central

    Jain, Tarun Kumar; Basher, Rajender Kumar; Gupta, Nitin; Shukla, Jaya; Singh, Shrawan Kumar; Mittal, Bhagwant Rai

    2016-01-01

    Extraadrenal chromaffin cell-related tumors or paragangliomas are rare, especially in the bladder, accounting for less than 1% of cases. We report a 16-year-old boy who presented with hematuria and paroxysmal headache and was found to have a prostatic growth infiltrating the urinary bladder on anatomical imaging. Iodine-131 (131I) metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) whole-body scanning and subsequently gallium-68 (68Ga) DOTANOC positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) were performed. The MIBG scan revealed a non-tracer-avid soft-tissue mass, while DOTANOC PET/CT revealed a tracer-avid primary soft-tissue mass involving the urinary bladder and prostate with metastasis to the iliac lymph nodes. He underwent surgical management; histopathology of the surgical specimen revealed a bladder paraganglioma, whereas the prostate was found to be free of tumor. PMID:26912984

  8. Unusual Presentation of Bladder Paraganglioma: Comparison of (131)I MIBG SPECT/CT and (68)Ga DOTANOC PET/CT.

    PubMed

    Jain, Tarun Kumar; Basher, Rajender Kumar; Gupta, Nitin; Shukla, Jaya; Singh, Shrawan Kumar; Mittal, Bhagwant Rai

    2016-01-01

    Extraadrenal chromaffin cell-related tumors or paragangliomas are rare, especially in the bladder, accounting for less than 1% of cases. We report a 16-year-old boy who presented with hematuria and paroxysmal headache and was found to have a prostatic growth infiltrating the urinary bladder on anatomical imaging. Iodine-131 ((131)I) metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) whole-body scanning and subsequently gallium-68 ((68)Ga) DOTANOC positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) were performed. The MIBG scan revealed a non-tracer-avid soft-tissue mass, while DOTANOC PET/CT revealed a tracer-avid primary soft-tissue mass involving the urinary bladder and prostate with metastasis to the iliac lymph nodes. He underwent surgical management; histopathology of the surgical specimen revealed a bladder paraganglioma, whereas the prostate was found to be free of tumor.

  9. 131I-tositumomab myeloablative radioimmunotherapy for non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma: radiation dose to the testes

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Hattori, Naoya; Gopal, Ajay K.; Shields, Andrew T.

    Purpose: To investigate radiation doses to the testes delivered by a radiolabeled anti-CD20 antibody and its effects on male sex hormone levels. Materials and methods: Testicular uptake and retention of 131I-tositumomab were measured, and testicular absorbed doses were calculated for 67 male patients (54+/-11 years of age) with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma who had undergone myeloablative radioimmunotherapy (RIT) using 131I-tositumomab. Time-activity curves for the major organs, testes, and whole body were generated from planar imaging studies. In a subset of patients, male sex hormones were measured before and 1 year after the therapy. Results: The absorbed dose to the testes showed considerablemore » variability (range=4.4-70.2 Gy). Pretherapy levels of total testosterone were below the lower limit of the reference range, and post-therapy evaluation demonstrated further reduction [4.6+/-1.8 nmol/l (pre-RIT) vs. 3.8+/-2.9 nmol/l (post-RIT), P<0.05]. Patients receiving higher radiation doses to the testes (>=25 Gy) showed a greater reduction [4.7+/-1.6 nmol/l (pre-RIT) vs. 3.3+/-2.7 nmol/l (post-RIT), P<0.05] compared with patients receiving lower doses (<25 Gy), who showed no significant change in total testosterone levels. Conclusion: The testicular radiation absorbed dose varied highly among individual patients. Finally, patients receiving higher doses to the testes were more likely to show post-RIT suppression of testosterone levels.« less

  10. N-Succinimidyl guanidinomethyl iodobenzoate protein radiohalogenation agents: Influence of isomeric substitution on radiolabeling and target cell residualization

    PubMed Central

    Choi, Jaeyeon; Vaidyanathan, Ganesan; Koumarianou, Eftychia; McDougald, Darryl; Pruszynski, Marek; Osada, Takuya; Lahoutte, Tony; Lyerly, H. Kim; Zalutsky, Michael R.

    2014-01-01

    Introduction N-succinimidyl 4-guanidinomethyl-3-[*I]iodobenzoate ([*I]SGMIB) has shown promise for the radioiodination of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and other proteins that undergo extensive internalization after receptor binding, enhancing tumor targeting compared to direct electrophilic radioiodination. However, radiochemical yields for [131I]SGMIB synthesis are low, which we hypothesize is due to steric hindrance from the Boc-protected guanidinomethyl group ortho to the tin moiety. To overcome this, we developed the isomeric compound, N-succinimidyl 3-guanidinomethyl-5-[131I]iodobenzoate (iso-[131I]SGMIB) wherein this bulky group was moved from ortho to meta position. Methods Boc2-iso-SGMIB standard and its tin precursor, N-succinimidyl 3-((1,2-bis(tert-butoxycarbonyl)guanidino)methyl)-5-(trimethylstannyl)benzoate (Boc2-iso-SGMTB), were synthesized using two disparate routes, and iso-[*I]SGMIB synthesized from the tin precursor. Two HER2-targeted vectors — trastuzumab (Tras) and a nanobody 5F7 (Nb) — were labeled using iso-[*I]SGMIB and [*I]SGMIB. Paired-label internalization assays in vitro with both proteins, and biodistribution in vivo with trastuzumab, labeled using the two isomeric prosthetic agents were performed. Results When the reactions were performed under identical conditions, radioiodination yields for the synthesis of Boc2-iso-[131I]SGMIB were significantly higher than those for Boc2-[131I]SGMIB (70.7 ± 2.0% vs 56.5 ± 5.5%). With both Nb and trastuzumab, conjugation efficiency also was higher with iso-[131I]SGMIB than with [131I]SGMIB (Nb, 33.1 ± 7.1% vs 28.9 ± 13.0%; Tras, 45.1 ± 4.5% vs 34.8 ± 10.3%); however, the differences were not statistically significant. Internalization assays performed on BT474 cells with 5F7 Nb indicated similar residualizing capacity over 6 h; however, at 24 h, radioactivity retained intracellularly for iso-[131I]SGMIB-Nb was lower than for [125I]SGMIB-Nb (46.4 ± 1.3% vs 56.5 ± 2.5%); similar results were

  11. Measurement of 131I activity in thyroid of nuclear medical staff and internal dose assessment in a Polish nuclear medical hospital.

    PubMed

    Brudecki, K; Kowalska, A; Zagrodzki, P; Szczodry, A; Mroz, T; Janowski, P; Mietelski, J W

    2017-03-01

    This paper presents results of 131 I thyroid activity measurements in 30 members of the nuclear medicine personnel of the Department of Endocrinology and Nuclear Medicine Holy Cross Cancer Centre in Kielce, Poland. A whole-body spectrometer equipped with two semiconductor gamma radiation detectors served as the basic research instrument. In ten out of 30 examined staff members, the determined 131 I activity was found to be above the detection limit (DL = 5 Bq of 131 I in the thyroid). The measured activities ranged from (5 ± 2) Bq to (217 ± 56) Bq. The highest activities in thyroids were detected for technical and cleaning personnel, whereas the lowest values were recorded for medical doctors. Having measured the activities, an attempt has been made to estimate the corresponding annual effective doses, which were found to range from 0.02 to 0.8 mSv. The highest annual equivalent doses have been found for thyroid, ranging from 0.4 to 15.4 mSv, detected for a cleaner and a technician, respectively. The maximum estimated effective dose corresponds to 32% of the annual background dose in Poland, and to circa 4% of the annual limit for the effective dose due to occupational exposure of 20 mSv per year, which is in compliance with the value recommended by the International Commission on Radiological Protection.

  12. One-pot synthesis and biodistribution of fluorine-18 labeled serum albumin for vascular imaging.

    PubMed

    Basuli, Falguni; Zhang, Xiang; Williams, Mark R; Seidel, Jurgen; Green, Michael V; Choyke, Peter L; Swenson, Rolf E; Jagoda, Elaine M

    2018-05-30

    Equilibrium single-photon radionuclide imaging methods for assessing cardiac function and the integrity of the vascular system have long been in use for both clinical and research purposes. However, positron-emitting blood pool agents that could provide PET equivalents to these (and other) clinical procedures have not yet been adopted despite technical imaging advantages offered by PET. Our goal was to develop a PET blood pool tracer that not only meets necessary in vivo biological requirements but can be produced with an uncomplicated and rapid synthesis method which would facilitate clinical translation. Herein, albumin labeled with fluorine-18 was synthesized using a one-pot method and evaluated in vitro and in vivo in rats. A ligand (NODA-Bz-TFPE), containing NODA attached to a tetrafluorophenylester (TFPE) via a phenyl linker (Bz), was labeled with aluminum fluoride (Al[ 18 F]F). Conjugation of the serum albumin with the ligand (Al[ 18 F]F-NODA-Bz-TFPE), followed by purification (size exclusion chromatography), yielded the final product (Al[ 18 F]F-NODA-Bz-RSA/HSA). In vitro stability was evaluated in human serum albumin by HPLC. Rat biodistributions and whole-body PET imaging over a 4 h time course were used for the in vivo evaluation. This synthesis exhibited an overall radiochemical yield of 45 ± 10% (n = 30), a 50-min radiolabeling time, a radiochemical purity >99% and apparent stability up to 4 h in human serum. Blood had the highest retention of Al[ 18 F]F-NODA-Bz-RSA at all times with a blood half-life of 5.2 h in rats. Al[ 18 F]F-NODA-Bz-RSA distribution in most rat tissues remained relatively constant for up to 1 h, indicating that the tissue radioactivity content represents the respective tissue plasma volume. Dynamic whole-body PET images were in agreement with these findings. A new ligand has been developed and radiolabeled with Al[ 18 F]F that allows rapid (50-min) preparation of fluorine-18 serum albumin in one-pot. In addition

  13. Correlations of CTLA-4 exon-1 49 A/G and promoter region 318C/T polymorphisms with the therapeutic efficacy of 131 I radionuclide in graves' disease in Chinese Han population.

    PubMed

    Han, Xin-Rui; Wen, Xin; Wang, Shan; Fan, Shao-Hua; Zhuang, Juan; Wang, Yong-Jian; Zhang, Zi-Feng; Li, Meng-Qiu; Hu, Bin; Shan, Qun; Sun, Chun-Hui; Bao, Ya-Xing; Wu, Dong-Mei; Lu, Jun; Zheng, Yuan-Lin

    2017-08-04

    Graves' disease is an autoimmune process in which the thyroid gland is triggered by autoantibodies, resulting in hyperthyroidism. The purpose of the present study is to elucidate whether exon-1 49 A/G and promoter region 318C/T polymorphisms in the CTLA-4 gene. This study consisted of 653 eligible patients with Graves' disease. After receiving 131I radionuclide therapy, these patients were classified into the remission and non-remission groups. A logistic regression-based model was used to analyze independent factors affecting the patient response to 131I radionuclide therapy. The results showed that CTLA-4 49 A/G was closely related to the efficacy of 131 I treatment for Graves' disease (AG + GG vs. AA: OR = 6.543, 95%CI = 2.611 ∼ 16.40, P < 0.001; G vs. A: OR = 3.482, 95%CI = 2.457 ∼ 4.934, P < 0.001). Moreover, the findings revealed that haplotype A-C (P < 0.001, OR = 3.592, 95%CI: 2.451 ∼ 5.262) and G-C (P < 0.001, OR = 0.282, 95%CI: 0.204 ∼ 0.391) were associated with the efficacy of 131 I therapy in treating Graves' disease. Logistic regression analysis indicated that thyroid weight (OR = 0.963, 95%CI = 0.944 ∼ 0.982, P < 0.001) and CTLA-4 exon-1 49 A/G polymorphism (OR = 0.334, 95%CI = 0.233 ∼ 0.478, P < 0.001) independently affect the efficacy of 131 I therapy in Graves' disease. These data indicated that CTLA-4 exon-1 49 A/G polymorphism may be associated with patient response to radionuclide 131 I therapy in Graves' disease. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

  14. 40 CFR 1051.135 - How must I label and identify the vehicles I produce?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... your vehicles must have three labels: a vehicle identification number as described in paragraph (a) of... identification number and permanently affix, engrave, or stamp it on the vehicle in a legible way. (b) At the... vehicles I produce? 1051.135 Section 1051.135 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY...

  15. 40 CFR 1051.135 - How must I label and identify the vehicles I produce?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... your vehicles must have three labels: a vehicle identification number as described in paragraph (a) of... identification number and permanently affix, engrave, or stamp it on the vehicle in a legible way. (b) At the... vehicles I produce? 1051.135 Section 1051.135 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY...

  16. 40 CFR 1051.135 - How must I label and identify the vehicles I produce?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... your vehicles must have three labels: a vehicle identification number as described in paragraph (a) of... identification number and permanently affix, engrave, or stamp it on the vehicle in a legible way. (b) At the... vehicles I produce? 1051.135 Section 1051.135 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY...

  17. 40 CFR 1051.135 - How must I label and identify the vehicles I produce?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... your vehicles must have three labels: a vehicle identification number as described in paragraph (a) of... identification number and permanently affix, engrave, or stamp it on the vehicle in a legible way. (b) At the... vehicles I produce? 1051.135 Section 1051.135 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY...

  18. iLoc-Animal: a multi-label learning classifier for predicting subcellular localization of animal proteins.

    PubMed

    Lin, Wei-Zhong; Fang, Jian-An; Xiao, Xuan; Chou, Kuo-Chen

    2013-04-05

    Predicting protein subcellular localization is a challenging problem, particularly when query proteins have multi-label features meaning that they may simultaneously exist at, or move between, two or more different subcellular location sites. Most of the existing methods can only be used to deal with the single-label proteins. Actually, multi-label proteins should not be ignored because they usually bear some special function worthy of in-depth studies. By introducing the "multi-label learning" approach, a new predictor, called iLoc-Animal, has been developed that can be used to deal with the systems containing both single- and multi-label animal (metazoan except human) proteins. Meanwhile, to measure the prediction quality of a multi-label system in a rigorous way, five indices were introduced; they are "Absolute-True", "Absolute-False" (or Hamming-Loss"), "Accuracy", "Precision", and "Recall". As a demonstration, the jackknife cross-validation was performed with iLoc-Animal on a benchmark dataset of animal proteins classified into the following 20 location sites: (1) acrosome, (2) cell membrane, (3) centriole, (4) centrosome, (5) cell cortex, (6) cytoplasm, (7) cytoskeleton, (8) endoplasmic reticulum, (9) endosome, (10) extracellular, (11) Golgi apparatus, (12) lysosome, (13) mitochondrion, (14) melanosome, (15) microsome, (16) nucleus, (17) peroxisome, (18) plasma membrane, (19) spindle, and (20) synapse, where many proteins belong to two or more locations. For such a complicated system, the outcomes achieved by iLoc-Animal for all the aforementioned five indices were quite encouraging, indicating that the predictor may become a useful tool in this area. It has not escaped our notice that the multi-label approach and the rigorous measurement metrics can also be used to investigate many other multi-label problems in molecular biology. As a user-friendly web-server, iLoc-Animal is freely accessible to the public at the web-site .

  19. SU-E-I-14: Comparison of Iodine-Labeled and Indium-Labeled Antibody Biodistributions

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Williams, L

    2014-06-01

    Purpose: It is often assumed that animal biodistributions of novel proteins are not dependent upon the radiolabel used in their determination. In units of percent injected dose per gram of tissue (%ID/g), organ uptake results (u) may be obtained using either iodine or metal as radioactive labels. Iodination is preferred as it is a one-step process whereas metal labeling requires two chemical procedures and therefore more protein material. It is important to test whether the radioactive tag leads to variation in the uptake value. Methods: Uptakes of 3antibodies to Carcinoembryonic Antigen (CEA) were evaluated in a nude mouse model bearingmore » 150 to 300 mg LS174T human colon cancer xenografts. Antibodies included diabody (56 kDa), minibody (80kDa) and intact M5A (150 kDa) anti-CEA cognates. Both radioiodine and indium-111 labels were used with uptakes evaluated at 7 time(t) points out to 96 h. Ratios (R) of u(iodine-label)/u(indium-label) were determined for liver, spleen, kidneys, lung and tumor. Results: Hepatic loss was rapid for diabody and minibody; by 24 h their R values were only 2%; i.e., uptake of iodine was 2% of that of indium for these 2 antibodies. By contrast, R for the intact cognate was 50% at that time point. Splenic results were similar. Tumor uptake ratios did not depend upon the antibody type and were 50% at 24 h. Conclusions: Relatively rapid loss of iodine relative to indium in liver and spleen was observed in lower mass antibodies. Tumor ratios were larger and independent of antibody type. Aside from tumor, the R ratio of uptakes depended on the antibody type. R values decreased monotonically with time in all tissues and for all cognates. Using this ratio, one can possibly correct iodine-based u (t) results so that they resemble radiometal-derived biodistributions.« less

  20. Clinical significance of 2-[18F]fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose positron emission tomography for the assessment of 131I-metaiodobenzylguanidine therapy in malignant phaeochromocytoma.

    PubMed

    Nakazawa, Azusa; Higuchi, Tetsuya; Oriuchi, Noboru; Arisaka, Yukiko; Endo, Keigo

    2011-10-01

    The aim of this study was to evaluate the significance of 2-[18F]fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) in the assessment of the therapeutic response to 131I-metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) in malignant phaeochromocytoma. We reviewed the records of 11 patients (7 men and 4 women) with malignant phaeochromocytoma who underwent 131I-MIBG therapy (100-200 mCi). 18F-FDG PET and serum catecholamine assays were performed 3 months before and after the first dose of 131I-MIBG. FDG uptake was evaluated in the observed lesions using the maximum standardised uptake value (SUVmax). The average SUVmax of all lesions (ASUV) was calculated. If more than five lesions were identified, the average SUVmax of the five highest SUVmax (ASUV5) was calculated. The ratio of pre- and post-therapy values was calculated for the highest SUVmax (rMSUV), ASUV (rASUV), ASUV5 (rASUV5), CT diameter (rCT) and serum catecholamine (rCA). Responder (R) and non-responder (NR) groups were defined after a clinical follow-up of at least 6 months according to changes in symptoms, CT, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and 123I-MIBG scan. Post-therapy evaluation revealed five R and six NR patients. The size of the target lesions was not significantly different before and after therapy (p>0.05). However, ASUV and ASUV5 were significantly lower in the R group (rASUV 0.64±0.18, rASUV5 0.68±0.17) compared to the NR group (rASUV 1.40±0.54, rASUV5 1.37±0.61) (p<0.05). 18F-FDG PET can be potentially used to evaluate the response of malignant phaeochromocytoma to 131I-MIBG therapy.

  1. Aerosol residence times and changes in radioiodine-131I and radiocaesium-137 Cs activity over Central Poland after the Fukushima-Daiichi Nuclear reactor accident.

    PubMed

    Długosz-Lisiecka, Magdalena; Bem, Henryk

    2012-05-01

    The first detectable activities of radioiodine (131)I, and radiocaesium (134)Cs and (137)Cs in the air over Central Poland were measured in dust samples collected by the ASS-500 station in the period of 21(st) to 24(th) of March, 2011. However, the highest activity of both fission products, (131)I and (137)Cs: 8.3 mBq m(-3) and 0.75 mBq m(-3), respectively, were obtained in the samples collected on 30(th) March, i.e.∼18 days after the beginning of the fission products' discharge from the damaged units of the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant. The simultaneously determined corrected aerosol residence time for the same samples by (210)Pb/(210)Bi and (210)Pb/(210)Po methods was equal to 10 days. Additionally, on the basis of the activity ratio of two other natural cosmogenic radionuclides, (7)Be and (22)Na in these aerosol samples, it was possible to estimate the aerosol residence time at ∼150 days for the solid particles coming from the stratospheric fallout. These data, as well as the differences in the activity size distribution of (7)Be and (131)I in the air particulate matter, show, in contrast to the Chernobyl discharge, a negligible input of stratospheric transport of Fukushima-released fission products.

  2. A portable detection system for in vivo monitoring of 131I in routine and emergency situations

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Lucena, EA; Dantas, ALA; Dantas, BM

    2018-03-01

    In vivo monitoring of 131I in human thyroid is often used to evaluate occupational exposure in nuclear medicine facilities and in the case of accidental intakes in nuclear power plants for the monitoring of workers and population. The device presented in this work consists on a Pb-collimated NaI(Tl)3”x3” scintillation detector assembled on a tripod and connected to a portable PC. The evaluation of the applicability and limitations of the system is based on the estimation of the committed effective doses associated to the minimum detectable activities in different facilities. It has been demonstrated that the system is suitable for use in routine and accidental situations.

  3. Extraintestinal Pathogenic and Antimicrobial-Resistant Escherichia coli, Including Sequence Type 131 (ST131), from Retail Chicken Breasts in the United States in 2013

    PubMed Central

    Porter, Stephen B.; Johnston, Brian; Thuras, Paul; Clock, Sarah; Crupain, Michael; Rangan, Urvashi

    2017-01-01

    ABSTRACT Chicken meat products are hypothesized to be vehicles for transmitting antimicrobial-resistant and extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli (ExPEC) to consumers. To reassess this hypothesis in the current era of heightened concerns about antimicrobial use in food animals, we analyzed 175 chicken-source E. coli isolates from a 2013 Consumer Reports national survey. Isolates were screened by PCR for ExPEC-defining virulence genes. The 25 ExPEC isolates (12% of 175) and a 2:1 randomly selected set of 50 non-ExPEC isolates were assessed for their phylogenetic/clonal backgrounds and virulence genotypes for comparison with their resistance profiles and the claims on the retail packaging label (“organic,” “no antibiotics,” and “natural”). Compared with the findings for non-ExPEC isolates, the group of ExPEC isolates had a higher prevalence of phylogroup B2 isolates (44% versus 4%; P < 0.001) and a lower prevalence of phylogroup A isolates (4% versus 30%; P = 0.001), a higher prevalence of multiple individual virulence genes, higher virulence scores (median, 11 [range, 4 to 16] versus 8 [range, 1 to 14]; P = 0.001), and higher resistance scores (median, 4 [range, 0 to 8] versus 3 [range, 0 to 10]; P < 0.001). All five isolates of sequence type 131 (ST131) were ExPEC (P = 0.003), were as extensively resistant as the other isolates tested, and had higher virulence scores than the other isolates tested (median, 12 [range, 11 to 13] versus 8 [range, 1 to 16]; P = 0.005). Organic labeling predicted lower resistance scores (median, 2 [range, 0 to 3] versus 4 [range, 0 to 10]; P = 0.008) but no difference in ExPEC status or virulence scores. These findings document a persisting reservoir of extensively antimicrobial-resistant ExPEC isolates, including isolates from ST131, in retail chicken products in the United States, suggesting a potential public health threat. IMPORTANCE We found that among Escherichia coli isolates from retail chicken meat products

  4. Immunoassay of serum polypeptide hormones by using 125I-labelled anti(-immunoglobulin G) antibodies.

    PubMed

    Beck, P; Nicholas, H

    1975-03-01

    1. A technique for indirectly labelling antibodies to polypeptide hormones, by combining them with radioactively labelled anti-(immunoglobulin G) is described. (a) 125I-labelled anti-(rabbit immunoglobulin G) and anti-(guinea-pig immunoglobulin G) antibodies with high specific radioactivity were prepared after purification of the antibodies on immunoadsorbents containing the respective antigens. (b) Rabbit immunoglobulin G antibodies to human growth hormone, porcine glucagon and guinea-pig immunoglobulin G antibodies to bovine insulin and bovine parathyroid hormone were combined with immunoadsorbents containing the respective polypeptide hormone antigen. (c) The immunoglobulin G antibodies to the polypeptide hormones were reacted with 125-I-labelled anti-(immunoglobulin G) antibodies directed against the appropriate species of immunoglobulin G,and the anti-hormone antibodies were combined with the hormone-containing immunoadsorbent. (d) 125I-labelled anti-(immunoglobulin G) antibodies and anti-hormone antibodies were simultaneously eluted from the hormone-containing immunoadsorbent by dilute HCl, pH 2.0. After elution the anti-(immunoglobulin G) antibodies and antihormone antibodies were allowed to recombine at pH 8.0 and 4 degrees C. 2. The resultant immunoglobulin G-anti-immunoglobulin G complex was used in immunoradiometric (labelled antibody) and two-site assays of the respective polypeptide hormone. 3. By using these immunoassays, concentrations down to 90pg of human growth hormone/ml, 100 pg of bovine insulin/ml, 80 pg of bovine parathyroid hormone/ml and 150 pg of glucagon/ml were readily detected. Assays of human plasma for growth hormone and insulin by these methods showed good agreement with results obtained by using a directly 125I-labelled anti-hormone antibody in an immunoradiometric assay of human growth hormone or by radioimmunoassay of human insulin. 4. The method described allows immunoradiometric or two-site assays to be performed starting with as

  5. CT-SPECT fusion plus conjugate views for determining dosimetry in iodine-131-monoclonal antibody therapy of lymphoma patients

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Koral, K.F.; Zasadny, K.R.; Kessler, M.L.

    A method of performing {sup 131}I quantitative SPECT imaging is described which uses the superimposition of markers placed on the skin to accomplish fusion of computed tomography (CT) and SPECT image sets. To calculate mean absorbed dose after administration of one of two {sup 131}I-labeled monoclonal antibodies (Mabs), the shape of the time-activity curve is measured by daily diagnostic conjugate views, the y-axis of that curve is normalized by a quantitative SPECT measurement (usually intra-therapy), and the tumor mass is deduced from a concurrent CT volume measurement. The method is applied to six B-cell non-Hodgkin`s lymphoma patients. For four tumorsmore » in three patients treated with the MB1 Mab, a correlation appears to be present between resulting mean absorbed dose and disease response. Including all dosimetric estimates for both antibodies, the range for the specific absorbed dose is within that found by others in treating B-cell lymphoma patients. Excluding a retreated anti-B1 patient, the tumor-specific absorbed dose during anti-B1 therapy is from 1.4 to 1.7 mGy/MBq. For the one anti-B1 patient, where quantitative SPECT and conjugate-view imaging was carried out back to back , the quantitative SPECT-measured activity was somewhat less for the spleen and much less for the tumor than that from conjugate views. The quantitative SPECT plus conjugate views method may be of general utility for macro-dosimetry of {sup 131}If therapies. 18 refs., 3 figs., 5 tabs.« less

  6. Vascular factors in suspected normal pressure hydrocephalus

    PubMed Central

    Agerskov, Simon; Rabiei, Katrin; Marlow, Thomas; Jensen, Christer; Guo, Xinxin; Kern, Silke; Wikkelsø, Carsten; Skoog, Ingmar

    2016-01-01

    Objective: We examined clinical and imaging findings of suspected idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) in relation to vascular risk factors and white matter lesions (WMLs), using a nested case-control design in a representative, population-based sample. Methods: From a population-based sample, 1,235 persons aged 70 years or older were examined with CT of the brain between 1986 and 2000. We identified 55 persons with hydrocephalic ventricular enlargement, i.e., radiologic findings consistent with iNPH. Among these, 26 had clinical signs that fulfilled international guideline criteria for probable iNPH. These cases were labeled suspected iNPH. Each case was matched to 5 controls from the same sample, based on age, sex, and study cohort. Data on risk factors were obtained from clinical examinations and the Swedish Hospital Discharge Register. History of hypertension, diabetes mellitus (DM), smoking, overweight, history of coronary artery disease, stroke/TIA, and WMLs on CT were examined. Risk factors associated with iNPH with a p value <0.1 in χ2 tests were included in conditional logistic regression models. Results: In the regression analyses, suspected iNPH was related to moderate to severe WMLs (odds ratio [OR] 5.2; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.5–17.6), while hydrocephalic ventricular enlargement was related to hypertension (OR 2.7; 95% CI: 1.1–6.8), moderate to severe WMLs (OR 6.5; 95% CI: 2.1–20.3), and DM (OR 4.3; 95% CI: 1.1–16.3). Conclusions: Hypertension, WMLs, and DM were related to clinical and imaging features of iNPH, suggesting that vascular mechanisms are involved in the pathophysiology. These findings might have implications for understanding disease mechanisms in iNPH and possibly prevention. PMID:26773072

  7. Encapsulation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells Improves Vascularization of Alginate-Based Scaffolds.

    PubMed

    Steiner, Dominik; Lingens, Lara; Fischer, Laura; Köhn, Katrin; Detsch, Rainer; Boccaccini, Aldo R; Fey, Tobias; Greil, Peter; Weis, Christian; Beier, Justus P; Horch, Raymund E; Arkudas, Andreas

    2018-05-09

    Vascularization of bioartificial tissues can be significantly enhanced by the generation of an arteriovenous (AV) loop. Besides the surgical vascularization, the choice of the scaffold and the applied cells are indispensable cofactors. The combination of alginate dialdehyde and gelatin (ADA-GEL) and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is a promising approach with regard to biocompatibility, biodegradation, as well as de novo tissue formation. In this study, we targeted the investigation of the vascularization of ADA-GEL with and in the absence of encapsulated MSCs in the AV loop model. A Teflon chamber filled with ADA-GEL microcapsules was placed in the groin of Lewis rats and an AV loop was placed into the chamber. Group A encompassed the ADA-GEL without MSCs, whereas group B contained 2 × 10 6 DiI-labeled MSCs/mL ADA-GEL. Four weeks postoperatively, tissue formation and vascularization were investigated by histology and microcomputed tomography. We were able to prove vascularization originating from the AV loop in both groups with statistically significant more vessels in group B containing MSCs. Moreover, encapsulated MSCs promoted biodegradation of the ADA-GEL microcapsules. In the present study, we were able to demonstrate for the first time, the successful vascularization of ADA-GEL microcapsules by means of the AV loop. Furthermore, ADA-GEL displayed a good biocompatibility and encapsulation of MSCs into ADA-GEL microcapsule-enhanced vascularization as well as biodegradation.

  8. Retrospective reconstruction of Ioidne-131 distribution at the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant accident by analysis of Ioidne-129

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Matsuzaki, Hiroyuki; Muramatsu, Yasuyuki; Toyama, Chiaki; Ohno, Takeshi; Kusuno, Haruka; Miyake, Yasuto; Honda, Maki

    2014-05-01

    Among various radioactive nuclides emitted from the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant (FDNPP) accident, Iodine-131 displayed high radioactivity just after the accident. Moreover if taken into human body, Iodine-131 concentrates in the thyroid and may cause the thyroid cancer. The recognition about the risk of Iodine-131 dose originated from the experience of the Chernobyl accident based on the epidemiological study [1]. It is thus important to investigate the detailed deposition distribution of I-131 to evaluate the radiation dose due to I-131 and watch the influence on the human health. However I-131 decays so rapidly (half life = 8.02 d) that it cannot be detected several months after the accident. At the recognition of the risk of I-131 on the Chernobyl occasion, it had gone several years after the accident. The reconstruction of I-131 distribution from Cs-137 distribution was not successful because the behavior of iodine and cesium was different because they have different chemical properties. Long lived radioactive isotope I-129 (half life = 1.57E+7 yr,), which is also a fission product as well as I-131, is ideal proxy for I-131 because they are chemically identical. Several studies had tried to quantify I-129 in 1990's but the analytical technique, especially AMS (Accelerator Mass Spectrometry), had not been developed well and available AMS facility was limited. Moreover because of the lack of enough data on I-131 just after the accident, the isotopic ratio I-129/I-131 of the Chernobyl derived iodine could not been estimated precisely [2]. Calculated estimation of the isotopic ratio showed scattered results. On the other hand, at the FDNPP accident detailed I-131 distribution is going to be successfully reconstructed by the systematical I-129 measurements by our group. We measured soil samples selected from a series of soil collection taken from every 2 km (or 5km, in the distant area) meshed region around FDNPP conducted by the Japanese Ministry of

  9. Retrospective imaging study on the diagnosis of pathological false positive iodine-131 scans in patients with thyroid cancer.

    PubMed

    Jia, Qiang; Meng, Zhaowei; Tan, Jian; Zhang, Guizhi; He, Yajing; Sun, Haoran; Yu, Chunshui; Li, Dong; Zheng, Wei; Wang, Renfei; Wang, Shen; Li, Xue; Zhang, Jianping; Hu, Tianpeng; Liu, N A; Upadhyaya, Arun

    2015-11-01

    Iodine-131 (I-131) therapy and post-therapy I-131 scanning are essential in the management of differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC). However, pathological false positive I-131 scans can lead to misdiagnosis and inappropriate I-131 treatment. This retrospective study aimed to investigate the best imaging modality for the diagnosis of pathological false positive I-131 scans in a DTC patient cohort, and to determine its incidence. DTC patient data archived from January 2008 to January 2010 was retrieved. Post-therapeutic I-131 scans were conducted and interpreted. The imaging modalities of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computed tomography and ultrasonography were applied and compared to check all suspected lesions. Biopsy or needle aspiration was conducted for patients who consented to the acquisition of histopathological confirmation. Data for 156 DTC patients were retrieved. Only 6 cases of pathological false-positives were found among these (incidence, 3.85%), which included 3 cases of thymic hyperplasia in the mediastinum, 1 case of pleomorphic adenoma in the parapharyngeal space and 1 case of thyroglossal duct cyst in the neck. MRI was demonstrated as the best imaging modality for diagnosis due to its superior soft tissue resolution. However, no imaging modality was able to identify the abdominal false positive-lesions observed in 2 cases, one of whom also had thymic hyperplasia. In conclusion, pathological false positive I-131 scans occurred with an incidence of 3.85%. MRI was the best imaging modality for diagnosing these pathological false-positives.

  10. Vascular plugs - A key companion to Interventionists - 'Just Plug it'.

    PubMed

    Ramakrishnan, Sivasubramanian

    2015-01-01

    Vascular plugs are ideally suited to close extra-cardiac, high flowing vascular communications. The family of vascular plugs has expanded. Vascular plugs in general have a lower profile and the newer variants can be delivered even through a diagnostic catheter. These features make them versatile and easy to use. The Amplatzer vascular plugs are also used for closing intracardiac defects including coronary arterio-venous fistula and paravalvular leakage in an off-label fashion. In this review, the features of currently available vascular plugs are reviewed along with tips and tricks of using them in the cardiac catheterization laboratory. Copyright © 2015. Published by Elsevier B.V.

  11. Facial emotion labeling in unaffected offspring of adults with bipolar I disorder.

    PubMed

    Sharma, Aditya Narain; Barron, Evelyn; Le Couteur, James; Close, Andrew; Rushton, Steven; Grunze, Heinz; Kelly, Thomas; Nicol Ferrier, Ian; Le Couteur, Ann Simone

    2017-01-15

    Young people 'at risk' for developing Bipolar Disorder have been shown to have deficits in facial emotion labeling across emotions with some studies reporting deficits for one or more particular emotions. However, these have included a heterogeneous group of young people (siblings of adolescents and offspring of adults with bipolar disorder), who have themselves diagnosed psychopathology (mood disorders and neurodevelopmental disorders including ADHD). 24 offspring of adults with bipolar I disorder and 34 offspring of healthy controls were administered the Diagnostic Analysis of Non Verbal Accuracy 2 (DANVA 2) to investigate the ability of participants to correctly label 4 emotions: happy, sad, fear and anger using both child and adult faces as stimuli at low and high intensity. Mixed effects modelling revealed that the offspring of adults with bipolar I disorder made more errors in both the overall recognition of facial emotions and the specific recognition of fear compared with the offspring of healthy controls. Further more errors were made by offspring that were male, younger in age and also in recognition of emotions using 'child' stimuli. The sample size, lack of blinding of the study team and the absence of any stimuli that assess subjects' response to a neutral emotional stimulus are limitations of the study. Offspring (with no history of current or past psychopathology or psychotropic medication) of adults with bipolar I disorder displayed facial emotion labeling deficits (particularly fear) suggesting facial emotion labeling may be an endophenotype for bipolar disorder. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  12. Iodine-131: a potential short-lived, wastewater-specific particle tracer in an urbanized estuarine system.

    PubMed

    Smith, Joseph P; Oktay, Sarah I; Kada, John; Olsen, Curtis R

    2008-08-01

    The short-lived, fission-produced radioisotope, 131I (t1/2 = 8.04 days), was detected in wastewater, surficial sediment, and suspended particulate matter (SPM) samples collected from New York Harbor (NYH) between 2001 and 2002. lodine-131 is used as a radiopharmaceutical for medical imaging, diagnostics, and treatments for conditions of the thyroid. It is introduced into the municipal waste stream by medical facilities and patients and is subsequently released into the estuary via wastewater effluent. Measured 131I activities in surface sediments were correlated with those of 7Be (t1/2 = 53.2 days), a naturally occurring radioisotope that is widely used to quantify particle dynamics, sediment focusing, and short-term sediment deposition and accumulation in aquatic systems. Surficial sediment 131I activities were also compared with measured trace metal (Cu, Pb) and organic carbon (OC(sed)) concentrations which can be linked to wastewater inputs. These preliminary results from NYH introduce 131I as a potentially valuable source-specific, shortlived biogeochemical tracer (timescales < 1 month) for particles, sediments, and wastewater-sourced contaminants in urbanized aquatic systems.

  13. Vitamins E and C Prevent DNA Double-strand Breaks in Peripheral Lymphocytes Exposed to Radiations from Iodine-131.

    PubMed

    Safaei, Mehdi; Jafarpour, Seyed Masoud; Mohseni, Mehran; Salimian, Morteza; Akbari, Hossein; Karami, Fateme; Aliasgharzadeh, Akbar; Farhood, Bagher

    2018-01-01

    Iodine-131 is used as a radiopharmaceutical to treat thyroid cancer. The current study aimed to evaluate the effects of vitamins E and C on the level of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) caused by Radioiodine-131 (I-131) in human lymphocytes. Whole blood samples from human volunteers were incubated with a certain concentration of vitamins. After 1-h incubation, the samples were incubated with 20 μCi I-131/2 mL (blood + NaCl) for 1 h. To evaluate the effects of antioxidants, lymphocytes were separated, and the mean DSBs/cell was measured for each sample through γ-H2AX assay. After 1-h incubation with 20 μCi I-131/2 mL (blood + NaCl), iodine-131 increased the level of DSBs by 102.9%, compared with the background group. Vitamins E and C reduced the level of DSBs by 21.5% and 36.4%, respectively. Using vitamins E and C as antioxidants can reduce the toxicity of I-131. Furthermore, vitamin C provided the more protection for DNA, compared with vitamin E.

  14. Design of biomimetic vascular grafts with magnetic endothelial patterning.

    PubMed

    Fayol, Delphine; Le Visage, Catherine; Ino, Julia; Gazeau, Florence; Letourneur, Didier; Wilhelm, Claire

    2013-01-01

    The development of small diameter vascular grafts with a controlled pluricellular organization is still needed for effective vascular tissue engineering. Here, we describe a technological approach combining a tubular scaffold and magnetically labeled cells to create a pluricellular and organized vascular graft, the endothelialization of which could be monitored by MRI prior to transplantation. A novel type of scaffold was developed with a tubular geometry and a porous bulk structure enabling the seeding of cells in the scaffold pores. A homogeneous distribution of human mesenchymal stem cells in the macroporous structure was obtained by seeding the freeze-dried scaffold with the cell suspension. The efficient covering of the luminal surface of the tube was then made possible thanks to the implementation of a magnetic-based patterning technique. Human endothelial cells or endothelial progenitors were magnetically labeled with iron oxide nanoparticles and successfully attracted to the 2-mm lumen where they attached and formed a continuous endothelium. The combination of imaging modalities [fluorescence imaging, histology, and 3D magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)] evidenced the integrity of the vascular construct. In particular, the observation of different cell organizations in a vascular scaffold within the range of resolution of single cells by 4.7 T MRI is reported.

  15. A combination hepatoma-targeted therapy based on nanotechnology: pHRE-Egr1-HSV-TK/131I-antiAFPMcAb-GCV/MFH

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Lin, Mei; Huang, Junxing; Jiang, Xingmao; Zhang, Jia; Yu, Hong; Ye, Jun; Zhang, Dongsheng

    2016-09-01

    Combination targeted therapy is a promising cancer therapeutic strategy. Here, using PEI-Mn0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4 nanoparticles (PEI-MZF-NPs) as magnetic media for MFH (magnetic fluid hyperthermia) and gene transfer vector for gene-therapy, a combined therapy, pHRE-Egr1-HSV-TK/131I-antiAFPMcAb-GCV/MFH, for hepatoma is developed. AntiAFPMcAb (Monoclonal antibody AFP) is exploited for targeting. The plasmids pHRE-Egr1-HSV-TK are achieved by incorporation of pEgr1-HSV-TK and pHRE-Egr1-EGFP. Restriction enzyme digestion and PCR confirm the recombinant plasmids pHRE-Egr1-HSV-TK are successfully constructed. After exposure to the magnetic field, PEI-MZF-NPs/pHRE-Egr1-EGFP fluid is warmed rapidly and then the temperature is maintained at 43 °C or so, which is quite appropriate for cancer treatment. The gene expression reaches the peak when treated with 200 μCi 131I for 24 hours, indicating that the dose of 200 μCi might be the optimal dose for irradiation and 24 h irradiation later is the best time to initiate MFH. The in vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrate that pHRE-Egr1-HSV-TK/131I-antiAFPMcAb-GCV/MFH can greatly suppress hepatic tumor cell proliferation and induce cell apoptosis and necrosis and effectively inhibit the tumor growth, much better than any monotherapy does alone. Furthermore, the combination therapy has few or no adverse effects. It might be applicable as a strategy to treat hepatic cancer.

  16. Three-dimensional noninvasive monitoring iodine-131 uptake in the thyroid using a modified Cerenkov luminescence tomography approach.

    PubMed

    Hu, Zhenhua; Ma, Xiaowei; Qu, Xiaochao; Yang, Weidong; Liang, Jimin; Wang, Jing; Tian, Jie

    2012-01-01

    Cerenkov luminescence tomography (CLT) provides the three-dimensional (3D) radiopharmaceutical biodistribution in small living animals, which is vital to biomedical imaging. However, existing single-spectral and multispectral methods are not very efficient and effective at reconstructing the distribution of the radionuclide tracer. In this paper, we present a semi-quantitative Cerenkov radiation spectral characteristic-based source reconstruction method named the hybrid spectral CLT, to efficiently reconstruct the radionuclide tracer with both encouraging reconstruction results and less acquisition and image reconstruction time. We constructed the implantation mouse model implanted with a 400 µCi Na(131)I radioactive source and the physiological mouse model received an intravenous tail injection of 400 µCi radiopharmaceutical Iodine-131 (I-131) to validate the performance of the hybrid spectral CLT and compared the reconstruction results, acquisition, and image reconstruction time with that of single-spectral and multispectral CLT. Furthermore, we performed 3D noninvasive monitoring of I-131 uptake in the thyroid and quantified I-131 uptake in vivo using hybrid spectral CLT. Results showed that the reconstruction based on the hybrid spectral CLT was more accurate in localization and quantification than using single-spectral CLT, and was more efficient in the in vivo experiment compared with multispectral CLT. Additionally, 3D visualization of longitudinal observations suggested that the reconstructed energy of I-131 uptake in the thyroid increased with acquisition time and there was a robust correlation between the reconstructed energy versus the gamma ray counts of I-131 (r(2) = 0.8240). The ex vivo biodistribution experiment further confirmed the I-131 uptake in the thyroid for hybrid spectral CLT. Results indicated that hybrid spectral CLT could be potentially used for thyroid imaging to evaluate its function and monitor its treatment for thyroid cancer.

  17. Three-dimensional Noninvasive Monitoring Iodine-131 Uptake in the Thyroid Using a Modified Cerenkov Luminescence Tomography Approach

    PubMed Central

    Qu, Xiaochao; Yang, Weidong; Liang, Jimin; Wang, Jing; Tian, Jie

    2012-01-01

    Background Cerenkov luminescence tomography (CLT) provides the three-dimensional (3D) radiopharmaceutical biodistribution in small living animals, which is vital to biomedical imaging. However, existing single-spectral and multispectral methods are not very efficient and effective at reconstructing the distribution of the radionuclide tracer. In this paper, we present a semi-quantitative Cerenkov radiation spectral characteristic-based source reconstruction method named the hybrid spectral CLT, to efficiently reconstruct the radionuclide tracer with both encouraging reconstruction results and less acquisition and image reconstruction time. Methodology/Principal Findings We constructed the implantation mouse model implanted with a 400 µCi Na131I radioactive source and the physiological mouse model received an intravenous tail injection of 400 µCi radiopharmaceutical Iodine-131 (I-131) to validate the performance of the hybrid spectral CLT and compared the reconstruction results, acquisition, and image reconstruction time with that of single-spectral and multispectral CLT. Furthermore, we performed 3D noninvasive monitoring of I-131 uptake in the thyroid and quantified I-131 uptake in vivo using hybrid spectral CLT. Results showed that the reconstruction based on the hybrid spectral CLT was more accurate in localization and quantification than using single-spectral CLT, and was more efficient in the in vivo experiment compared with multispectral CLT. Additionally, 3D visualization of longitudinal observations suggested that the reconstructed energy of I-131 uptake in the thyroid increased with acquisition time and there was a robust correlation between the reconstructed energy versus the gamma ray counts of I-131 (). The ex vivo biodistribution experiment further confirmed the I-131 uptake in the thyroid for hybrid spectral CLT. Conclusions/Significance Results indicated that hybrid spectral CLT could be potentially used for thyroid imaging to evaluate its function

  18. Laser-induced fluorescence method for on-line molecular isotopologues of iodine-127, iodine-129, iodine-131 detected in gaseous media using a tunable diode laser

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Kireev, S. V.; Shnyrev, S. L.; Sobolevsky, I. V.

    2016-06-01

    The letter reports on the development of a laser-induced fluorescence method for on-line selective measurement of 127I2, 129I2, 131I2, 129I127I, 127I131I, 129I131I isotopologue concentrations in gaseous media. The method is based on the excitation of molecular iodine isotopologues’ fluorescence by tunable diode laser (632-637 nm) radiation at three or four wavelengths corresponding to the 127I2, 131I2, 129I127I, 129I131I absorption line centers. Boundary relations for concentrations of simultaneously measured iodine isotopologues is about 10-5-10-6.

  19. 40 CFR 131.3 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... General Provisions § 131.3 Definitions. (a) The Act means the Clean Water Act (Pub. L. 92-500, as amended... under section 307(a) of the Act. (e) Existing uses are those uses actually attained in the water body on... effluent limitations required by sections 301(b) and 306 of the Act. (i) Water quality standards are...

  20. 40 CFR 131.3 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... General Provisions § 131.3 Definitions. (a) The Act means the Clean Water Act (Pub. L. 92-500, as amended... under section 307(a) of the Act. (e) Existing uses are those uses actually attained in the water body on... effluent limitations required by sections 301(b) and 306 of the Act. (i) Water quality standards are...

  1. 40 CFR 131.3 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... General Provisions § 131.3 Definitions. (a) The Act means the Clean Water Act (Pub. L. 92-500, as amended... under section 307(a) of the Act. (e) Existing uses are those uses actually attained in the water body on... effluent limitations required by sections 301(b) and 306 of the Act. (i) Water quality standards are...

  2. 40 CFR 131.3 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... General Provisions § 131.3 Definitions. (a) The Act means the Clean Water Act (Pub. L. 92-500, as amended... under section 307(a) of the Act. (e) Existing uses are those uses actually attained in the water body on... effluent limitations required by sections 301(b) and 306 of the Act. (i) Water quality standards are...

  3. The "art" of medicine and the "smokescreen" of the randomized trial off-label use of vascular devices.

    PubMed

    Ansel, Gary M; Jaff, Michael R

    2008-12-01

    Once a device is approved for sale in the United States by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), it can legally be used by doctors to treat any condition a physician determines is medically appropriate. Based on postmarket published data and physician procedural experience, this may even become the standard of care when an alternative device either does not exist or is inferior in performance, even before FDA approval. This right of physicians to practice medicine without FDA approval is Federal law. The off-label use of medical devices for the treatment of peripheral vascular disease has recently become the latest target by groups with interests that have little to do with patient care. This interference has begun to negatively impact the latitude necessary for physicians to best treat their patients. Copyright 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

  4. Radiation hazards to vascular surgeon and scrub nurse in mobile fluoroscopy equipped hybrid vascular room

    PubMed Central

    Kim, Jong Bin; Lee, Jaehoon

    2017-01-01

    Purpose The aim of the present study was to identify the radiation hazards to vascular surgeons and scrub nurses working in mobile fluoroscopy equipped hybrid vascular operation rooms; additionally, to estimate cumulative cancer risk due to certain exposure dosages. Methods The study was conducted prospectively in 71 patients (53 men and 18 women) who had undergone vascular intervention at our hybrid vascular theater for 6 months. OEC 9900 fluoroscopy was used as mobile C-arm. Exposure dose (ED) was measured by attaching optically stimulated luminescence at in and outside of the radiation protectors. To measure X-ray scatter with the anthropomorphic phantom model, the dose was measured at 3 distances (20, 50, 100 cm) and 3 angles (horizontal, upward 45°, downward 45°) using a personal gamma radiation dosimeter, Ecotest CARD DKG-21, for 1, 3, 5, 10 minutes. Results Lifetime attributable risk of cancer was estimated using the approach of the Biological Effects of Ionizing Radiation report VII. The 6-month ED of vascular surgeons and scrub nurses were 3.85, 1.31 mSv, respectively. The attenuation rate of lead apron, neck protector and goggle were 74.6%, 60.6%, and 70.1%, respectively. All cancer incidences among surgeons and scrub nurses correspond to 2,355 and 795 per 100,000 persons. The 10-minute dose at 100-cm distance was 0.004 mSv at horizontal, 0.009 mSv at downward 45°, 0.003 mSv at upward 45°. Conclusion Although yearly radiation hazards for vascular surgeons and scrub nurses are still within safety guidelines, protection principles can never be too stringent when aiming to minimize the cumulative harmful effects. PMID:28289670

  5. Prognostic value of the frequency of vascular invasion in stage I non-small cell lung cancer.

    PubMed

    Okada, Satoshi; Mizuguchi, Shinjiro; Izumi, Nobuhiro; Komatsu, Hiroaki; Toda, Michihito; Hara, Kantaro; Okuno, Takahiro; Shibata, Toshihiko; Wanibuchi, Hideki; Nishiyama, Noritoshi

    2017-01-01

    There is no standard pathological method for determining vessel invasion in lung cancer. Herein, we examine whether vessel invasion can be accurately assessed using hematoxylin-eosin staining alone, and investigate the prognostic impact of the presence and frequency of vessel invasion in lung cancer. Vessel invasion was assessed by hematoxylin-eosin, Victoria blue, and D2-40 in 251 completely resected stage I non-small cell lung cancer patients. Vessel invasion was classified into 3 grades according to the number of invaded vessels. Using hematoxylin-eosin and Victoria blue, vascular invasion was detected in 27 (10.8 %) and 75 (29.9 %) of patients, respectively. Lymphatic permeation was detected in 126 (50.2 %) and 70 (27.9 %) of patients using hematoxylin-eosin and D2-40 staining. Hematoxylin-eosin staining did not accurately detect a high frequency of vessel invasion; only 5 and 21.7 % of high-frequency vascular invasion and lymphatic permeation cases diagnosed with Victoria blue and D2-40 were detected. Multivariate analysis based on elastic stain and immunostaining indicated that plural invasion, a high frequency of vascular invasion (hazard ratio 4.00), and a high frequency of lymphatic permeation (hazard ratio 2.30) were independent predictors of cancer recurrence within 3 years. Likewise, an age ≥70 years, male, and a high frequency of vascular invasion (hazard ratio 3.41) were independent predictors of overall survival. Vascular invasion should be confirmed by elastic stains, and the frequency, not but the presence, of vascular invasion is a powerful independent prognostic factor in completely resected stage I non-small cell lung cancer patients.

  6. Radiation safety implications of 131I treatment in a patient with Grave's disease undergoing home hemodialysis.

    PubMed

    Simpson, J B; Godwin, G A

    2006-12-01

    The radiation safety implications following the administration of 131I for the treatment of Grave's disease to a patient undergoing home-based renal dialysis was investigated. External dose-rate measurements from the patient revealed a peak value at around day 2, post administration. The effective half-life was determined as 6.5 d. From day 3, the clearance of 131I was observed to be fairly constant and equated to 2.7% per day or 5.4% per dialysis session. From this the biological half-life was determined as 15 d. Radiation monitoring of the dialysis unit, disposables, and bed linen found no detectable contamination. For the purpose of useful protection, at a distance of 1 m from the patient, the average dose rate over the effective treatment duration was determined to be 8 microSv h(-1) and at 2 m distance, 2.6 microSv h(-1). Thus, in order to keep below a level of dose constraint of 3 mSv the total allowable time spent at 1 m would be 375 h or 15 h per day. To comply with a 1-mSv constraint, the average daily exposure allowable at 1 m would be 5 h per day. Neither of these time limits would be difficult to achieve for the majority of situations with fairly modest behavioral constraints. Initial discharge concentration rates into the waste water system are estimated at 200 MBq m(-3) and therefore might need to be considered depending upon the regulatory environment.

  7. The Correlation of the Initial Rate of I131 Uptake in the Thyroid with the Clinical Evaluation of the Thyroid Function,

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1950-10-01

    the need for definitive treatment of the patient suspected of having hyperthyroidism . These studies are time-consuming. At the suggestion of A.V.H in...curve in differentiating the normal from the hyperthyroid patient. The rate of uptake of I131 in the thyroid during the interval of a few hours after

  8. In utero exposure to iodine-131 from Chernobyl fallout and anthropometric characteristics in adolescence.

    PubMed

    Neta, Gila; Hatch, Maureen; Kitahara, Cari M; Ostroumova, Evgenia; Bolshova, Elena V; Tereschenko, Valery P; Tronko, Mykola D; Brenner, Alina V

    2014-03-01

    Prenatal exposure to external radiation has been linked to growth retardation among atomic bomb survivors in adolescence. It is unclear from previous studies whether in utero exposure to internal radiation such as iodine-131 (I-131), which concentrates in the thyroid gland, has an effect on physical growth. We examined the associations between estimated thyroid gland dose from prenatal exposure to I-131 and self-reported height and weight in a cohort of 2,460 individuals exposed to radioactive fallout from the 1986 Chernobyl nuclear accident [mean I-131 dose = 72 (mGy)] and screened for thyroid diseases in adolescence. Using multivariable linear regression models, we estimated the mean differences in height, weight and body mass index (BMI) per unit increase in dose (100 mGy) in models adjusted for gender, age at examination, type of residence (rural/urban) and presence of thyroid disease diagnosed at screening. All of the adjustment factors as well as the trimester of exposure were evaluated as potential modifiers of the dose response. Overall, no significant dose response was found for height (P = 0.29), weight (P = 0.14) or BMI (P = 0.16). We found significant modification of the dose response for weight and BMI by presence/absence of thyroid disease (P = 0.02 and P = 0.03, respectively), but not for other factors. In individuals without thyroid disease (n = 1,856), there was a weak, significant association between I-131 thyroid dose and higher weight (210 g per 100 mGy, P = 0.02) or BMI (70 g/m² per 100 mGy, P = 0.02) that depended on individuals (n = 52) exposed to ≥500 mGy. In individuals with thyroid disease (n = 579, 67.4% with simple diffuse goiter) no significant association with I-131 for weight (P = 0.14) or BMI (P = 0.14) was found. These results do not support the hypothesis that in utero exposure to I-131 at levels experienced by a majority of study subjects may be associated with meaningful differences in adolescent anthropometry. However

  9. In Utero Exposure to Iodine-131 from Chernobyl Fallout and Anthropometric Characteristics in Adolescence

    PubMed Central

    Neta, Gila; Hatch, Maureen; Kitahara, Cari M.; Ostroumova, Evgenia; Bolshova, Elena V.; Tereschenko, Valery P.; Tronko, Mykola D.; Brenner, Alina V.

    2014-01-01

    Prenatal exposure to external radiation has been linked to growth retardation among atomic bomb survivors in adolescence. It is unclear from previous studies whether in utero exposure to internal radiation such as iodine-131 (I-131), which concentrates in the thyroid gland, has an effect on physical growth. We examined the associations between estimated thyroid gland dose from prenatal exposure to I-131 and self-reported height and weight in a cohort of 2,460 individuals exposed to radioactive fallout from the 1986 Chernobyl nuclear accident [mean I-131 dose = 72 (mGy)] and screened for thyroid diseases in adolescence. Using multivariable linear regression models, we estimated the mean differences in height, weight and body mass index (BMI) per unit increase in dose (100 mGy) in models adjusted for gender, age at examination, type of residence (rural/urban) and presence of thyroid disease diagnosed at screening. All of the adjustment factors as well as the trimester of exposure were evaluated as potential modifiers of the dose response. Overall, no significant dose response was found for height (P = 0.29), weight (P = 0.14) or BMI (P = 0.16). We found significant modification of the dose response for weight and BMI by presence/absence of thyroid disease (P = 0.02 and P = 0.03, respectively), but not for other factors. In individuals without thyroid disease (n = 1,856), there was a weak, significant association between I-131 thyroid dose and higher weight (210 g per 100 mGy, P = 0.02) or BMI (70 g/m2 per 100 mGy, P = 0.02) that depended on individuals (n = 52) exposed to ≥500 mGy. In individuals with thyroid disease (n = 579, 67.4% with simple diffuse goiter) no significant association with I-131 for weight (P = 0.14) or BMI (P = 0.14) was found. These results do not support the hypothesis that in utero exposure to I-131 at levels experienced by a majority of study subjects may be associated with meaningful differences in adolescent anthropometry. However

  10. Extravasation of a therapeutic dose of 131I-metaiodobenzylguanidine: prevention, dosimetry, and mitigation.

    PubMed

    Bonta, Dacian V; Halkar, Raghuveer K; Alazraki, Naomi

    2011-09-01

    After the extravasation of a therapeutic dose of (131)I-metaiodobenzylguanidine that produced a radiation burn to a patient's forearm, we instituted a catheter placement verification protocol. Before therapy infusion, proper placement is verified by administering 37 MBq of (99m)Tc-pertechnetate through the catheter, and monitoring activity at the administration site and on the contralateral extremity. A dosimetric model describing both high-rate and low-rate dose components was developed and predicted that the basal epidermal layer received a radiation dose consistent with the observed moist desquamation radiation skin toxicity. No extravasation incidents have occurred since the verification procedure was instituted. To protect against radiation injury from extravasation of therapeutic radionuclides, test administration of a small (99m)Tc dose with probe monitoring of comparable sites in both upper extremities appears to be an effective preventive measure.

  11. Measures of thyroid function among Belarusian children and adolescents exposed to iodine-131 from the accident at the Chernobyl nuclear plant.

    PubMed

    Ostroumova, Evgenia; Rozhko, Alexander; Hatch, Maureen; Furukawa, Kyoji; Polyanskaya, Olga; McConnell, Robert J; Nadyrov, Eldar; Petrenko, Sergey; Romanov, George; Yauseyenka, Vasilina; Drozdovitch, Vladimir; Minenko, Viktor; Prokopovich, Alexander; Savasteeva, Irina; Zablotska, Lydia B; Mabuchi, Kiyohiko; Brenner, Alina V

    2013-07-01

    Thyroid dysfunction after exposure to low or moderate doses of radioactive iodine-131 (131I) at a young age is a public health concern. However, quantitative data are sparse concerning 131I-related risk of these common diseases. Our goal was to assess the prevalence of thyroid dysfunction in association with 131I exposure during childhood (≤ 18 years) due to fallout from the Chernobyl accident. We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, autoimmune thyroiditis (AIT), serum concentrations of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), and autoantibodies to thyroperoxidase (ATPO) in relation to measurement-based 131I dose estimates in a Belarusian cohort of 10,827 individuals screened for various thyroid diseases. Mean age at exposure (± SD) was 8.2 ± 5.0 years. Mean (median) estimated 131I thyroid dose was 0.54 (0.23) Gy (range, 0.001-26.6 Gy). We found significant positive associations of 131I dose with hypothyroidism (mainly subclinical and antibody-negative) and serum TSH concentration. The excess odds ratio per 1 Gy for hypothyroidism was 0.34 (95% CI: 0.15, 0.62) and varied significantly by age at exposure and at examination, presence of goiter, and urban/rural residency. We found no evidence of positive associations with antibody-positive hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, AIT, or elevated ATPO. The association between 131I dose and hypothyroidism in the Belarusian cohort is consistent with that previously reported for a Ukrainian cohort and strengthens evidence of the effect of environmental 131I exposure during childhood on hypothyroidism, but not other thyroid outcomes.

  12. 131-I coupled to monoclonal antibodies as therapeutic agents for neuroectodermally derived tumors: fact or fiction?

    PubMed

    Kemshead, J T; Jones, D H; Lashford, L; Prichard, J; Gordon, I; Breatnach, F; Coakham, H B

    1986-01-01

    It has been suggested that monoclonal antibodies may be useful in targeting cytotoxic compounds to tumor cells. We have explored their use in targeting 131-I to highly radiosensitive primitive neural tumors such as neuroblastoma and pineoblastomas. Two routes of administration have been employed, intravenous and intrathecal. Our current experience in using radiolabelled antibodies is described, indicating toxicities seen and any therapeutic benefit observed. The results of the study suggest that if targeted radiation has a role in the treatment of these malignancies, it will be restricted to the eradication of small tumor masses from the body.

  13. Unexpected effect of furosemide on radioiodine urinary excretion in patients with differentiated thyroid carcinomas treated with iodine 131.

    PubMed

    Matovic, Milovan D; Jankovic, Slobodan M; Jeremic, Marija; Tasic, Zoran; Vlajkovic, Marina

    2009-08-01

    In patients receiving (131)I for therapeutic purposes, diuretics are frequently used in an attempt to accelerate elimination of unbound radioiodine, reduce its adverse effects, and shorten the hospital stay. The aims of our study were to investigate the influence of furosemide therapy on urinary excretion of (131)I in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC), referred to radioiodine ablation after thyroidectomy, and to investigate whether diuretics are useful in daily practice in patients with DTC. Forty-three patients with DTC who had normal renal function and low (131)I uptake in cervical region (3.55 +/- 3.45%) were included in this study. The furosemide (20 mg) and potassium chloride (250 mg) were given orally to 23 patients 3 hours after the (131)I administration, and then q8h for 3 days. Twenty patients did not receive either furosemide or potassium chloride. After (131)I administration, the patients collected their urine for 3 days, and radioactivity of urine sample from each micturition was expressed as percentage of the administered dose. Radioactivity of blood samples was measured after 72 hours, and the values were corrected for decay of (131)I and expressed in relation to the administered dose. Initial whole-body measurement (immediately after (131)I administration) and the whole-body measurement after 72 hours were recorded for all patients. The 72-hour whole-body measurement was corrected for decay of (131)I, and expressed as a percentage of the initial whole-body measurement. Urinary excretion of (131)I was significantly lower in the patients who were taking furosemide and potassium chloride compared with the control group. The whole-body measurements after 72 hours (13.22 +/- 6.55% vs. 8.24 +/- 3.39% of the initial; p < 0.01, respectively) and the blood radioactivity (34.66 +/- 24.84 vs. 11.64 +/- 8.32 cpm/mL per 1 MBq of administered (131)I, p < 0.01) were found to be unexpectedly higher in the patients who were taking furosemide and

  14. Problem on estimation of the content of 131I in milk in the ``iodine'' period of the Chernobyl accident

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Khrushchinskii, A. A.; Kuten', S. A.; Budevich, N. M.; Minenko, V. F.; Zhukova, O. M.; Luk'yanov, N. K.

    2007-11-01

    Measurements of the beta-activity of milk, serving as the main source of information on the radioactive contamination of the environment by the iodine isotope 131I, carried out on a DP-100 radiometer in the early post-Chernobyl period (1986) in Belarus, have been mathematically simulated. The results obtained allow the conclusion that the indicated measurements should be analyzed again with consideration for all of the nuclides present in milk.

  15. Iodine-131 therapy alters the immune/inflammatory responses in the thyroids of patients with Graves' disease.

    PubMed

    Du, Wenhua; Dong, Qingyu; Lu, Xiaoting; Liu, Xiaomeng; Wang, Yueli; Li, Wenxia; Pan, Zhenyu; Gong, Qian; Liang, Cuige; Gao, Guanqi

    2017-03-01

    The aim of the present study was to evaluate the serum levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), CXC chemokine ligand-10 (CXCL-10) and intercellular adhesion molecule-l (ICAM-1) in patients with Graves' disease (GD) following iodine-131 ( 131 I) therapy. A total of 30 patients with GD participated in the present study. Serum cytokine levels were measured with ELISA, and correlation analyses were performed. Serum levels of IL-6, CXCL-10 and ICAM-1 were significantly higher in patients with GD prior to treatment than those in the control subjects (P<0.01). Following 131 I therapy, the serum levels of IL-6 and CXCL-10 in patients with GD were markedly increased within the first week, gradually decreased to the pretreatment level in the subsequent six months and decreased further at 18 months post-treatment. However, the serum levels of IL-6 and CXCL-10 in patients with GD at 18 months following 131 I therapy remained significantly higher than in control subjects (P<0.01). Conversely, serum ICAM-1 levels in patients with GD were gradually increased in the 12 months following 131 I therapy and reached a relatively stable level thereafter. Furthermore, the Pearson's correlation analysis indicated that the serum levels of IL-6, CXCL-10 and ICAM-1 were not associated with free triiodothyronine, the free thyroxine index, and thyroid-stimulating hormone in these patients. 131 I therapy was able to alter the immune/inflammatory responses in the thyroids of patients with GD. However, these cytokines (IL-6, CXCL-10, and ICAM-1) are not associated with thyroid function; therefore, they cannot be used as prognostic markers for the 131 I therapy of GD.

  16. Clinical experience with recombinant human thyroid-stimulating hormone (rhTSH): whole-body scanning with iodine-131.

    PubMed

    Reiners, C; Luster, M; Lassmann, M

    1999-01-01

    Whole-body scanning (WBS) with iodine-131 (I-131) is currently used together with serum thyroglobulin (Tg) measurement in the diagnostic follow-up of well-differentiated thyroid carcinoma. One of the main disadvantages of I-131 WBS is its requirement of repeated weeks-long withdrawal of thyroid hormone suppression therapy (THST) to raise endogenous thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) production. This results in hypothyroidism and associated abnormalities, discomfort and morbidity. Recently, however, a series of multicentre clinical studies established the efficacy, safety, non-antigenicity, and quality of life benefits of recombinant human TSH (rhTSH, Thyrogen, thyrotropin alfa, Genzyme Corporation, Cambridge, MA, USA) in promoting radioiodine uptake and permitting sensitive I-131 WBS in patients on THST after initial therapy of well-differentiated thyroid cancer. Thus in everyday practice, rhTSH administration may in many cases supersede THST withdrawal as a preparative method for I-131 imaging. With the use of rhTSH, as whenever I-131 WBS is performed, useful and accurate imaging requires meticulous attention to good scanning practices. These include use of appropriate equipment, proper timing, sufficient scanning time, vigilance against artifacts and iodine contamination, and consideration of additional imaging in the case of ambiguous 48-hour scans. Whole-body retention of I-131 is approximately 50% greater during hypothyroidism after THST withdrawal than during euthyroidism on THST and rhTSH. Therefore, it is important to use an adequate diagnostic activity of > or =4 mCi (148 MBq) to compensate for the faster radioiodine clearance in the euthyroid state permitted by rhTSH administration. Ongoing dosimetric research eventually may provide more specific guidance regarding radioiodine activities for diagnostic, and, particularly, therapeutic purposes, with the use of rhTSH.

  17. [Application of 13-cis-retinoic acid in patients with 131I scintigraphically-negative metastases of differentiated thyroid carcinoma].

    PubMed

    Adamczewski, Zbigniew; Makarewicz, Jacek; Mikosiński, Sławomir; Knapska-Kucharska, Małgorzata; Gunerska-Szadkowska, Anna; Oszukowska, Lidia; Karwowska, Anzelmina; Lewiński, Andrzej

    2006-01-01

    The loss of iodine uptake by differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC) cells is a major therapeutic problem especially in patients with nonsurgical metastatic foci or local recurrence. Using 13-cis-retinoic acid, it was attempted to retain iodine uptake as a result of redifferentiation (influence by retinoic acid receptors present in DTC cells). Between 1999 and 2005, 13-cis-retinoic acid was used in 11 patients with disseminated PTC and high serum level of thyroglobulin (Tg) before (131)I treatment (2 patients were treated twice - 13 treatment cycles in total). Side effects in skin and mucous membranes were observed in all the patients, however, their intensity did not require termination of the therapy. Increase of iodine uptake was observed in 5 patients (45%). Decreased Tg concentration was observed in 9 patients. In that group, increased (131)I uptake was observed in 4 patients with distant metastases. All determinations of Tg concentrations were carried out under TSH stimulation. 13-cis-retinoic acid causes an increase of radioiodine uptake in around half of treated patients, however, the follow-up of these patients indicates that this increase does not result in either full remission or even stabilisation of neoplastic disease. The possibility should be considered to use cis-retinoic acid as an independent therapeutic approach in patients with radioiodine non-avid foci of thyroid carcinoma especially those showing high expression of RARb and RXRg receptors.

  18. Effect of selenium supplementation for protection of salivary glands from iodine-131 radiation damage in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer.

    PubMed

    Son, Haiyoung; Lee, Sang Mi; Yoon, Ra Gyoung; Lee, Hakmin; Lee, Ilkyun; Kim, Soon; Chung, Woong Youn; Lee, Jeong Won

    2017-01-01

    In the current study, we examined whether selenium supplementation during iodine-131 ( 131 I) treatment had a radio-protective effect on salivary glands. Sixteen patients with differentiated thyroid cancer were prospectively enrolled in the study. Patients after total thyroidectomy, before 131 I treatment, were divided into two groups; 8 patients in the selenium group and 8 patients in the control group. Patients in the selenium group received 300νg of selenium orally for 10 days, from 3 days before to 6 days after 131 I treatment. The control group received a placebo over the same period. To assess salivary gland function, salivary gland scintigraphy was performed before and 6 months after 131 I treatment. Serum amylase and whole blood selenium levels were measured before and 2 days and 6 months after 131 I treatment. Using salivary gland scintigraphy, maximum uptake ratio (MUR), maximum secretion percentage (MSP), and ejection fraction (EF) of each salivary gland were calculated. Baseline clinical characteristics, baseline amylase and selenium levels, and parameters of baseline salivary gland scintigraphy were not significantly different between selenium and control groups (P>0.05). On a blood test performed 2 days after 131 I treatment, the selenium group showed a significantly higher whole blood selenium level (P=0.008) and significantly lower serum amylase level (P=0.009) than the control group. On follow-up salivary gland scintigraphy, the control group showed significantly decreased, MUR of the bilateral parotid and left submandibular glands, MSP of the bilateral parotid and submandibular glands, and EF of the left submandibular glands (P<0.05), while the selenium group only had a significant decrease in MSP of the right submandibular gland and EF of the left submandibular gland (P<0.05). Selenium supplementation during 131 I treatment was effective to reduce salivary glands damage by 131 I radiation in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer.

  19. Measures of Thyroid Function among Belarusian Children and Adolescents Exposed to Iodine-131 from the Accident at the Chernobyl Nuclear Plant

    PubMed Central

    Rozhko, Alexander; Hatch, Maureen; Furukawa, Kyoji; Polyanskaya, Olga; McConnell, Robert J.; Nadyrov, Eldar; Petrenko, Sergey; Romanov, George; Yauseyenka, Vasilina; Drozdovitch, Vladimir; Minenko, Viktor; Prokopovich, Alexander; Savasteeva, Irina; Zablotska, Lydia B.; Mabuchi, Kiyohiko; Brenner, Alina V.

    2013-01-01

    Background: Thyroid dysfunction after exposure to low or moderate doses of radioactive iodine-131 (131I) at a young age is a public health concern. However, quantitative data are sparse concerning 131I-related risk of these common diseases. Objective: Our goal was to assess the prevalence of thyroid dysfunction in association with 131I exposure during childhood (≤ 18 years) due to fallout from the Chernobyl accident. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, autoimmune thyroiditis (AIT), serum concentrations of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), and autoantibodies to thyroperoxidase (ATPO) in relation to measurement-based 131I dose estimates in a Belarusian cohort of 10,827 individuals screened for various thyroid diseases. Results: Mean age at exposure (± SD) was 8.2 ± 5.0 years. Mean (median) estimated 131I thyroid dose was 0.54 (0.23) Gy (range, 0.001–26.6 Gy). We found significant positive associations of 131I dose with hypothyroidism (mainly subclinical and antibody-negative) and serum TSH concentration. The excess odds ratio per 1 Gy for hypothyroidism was 0.34 (95% CI: 0.15, 0.62) and varied significantly by age at exposure and at examination, presence of goiter, and urban/rural residency. We found no evidence of positive associations with antibody-positive hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, AIT, or elevated ATPO. Conclusions: The association between 131I dose and hypothyroidism in the Belarusian cohort is consistent with that previously reported for a Ukrainian cohort and strengthens evidence of the effect of environmental 131I exposure during childhood on hypothyroidism, but not other thyroid outcomes. PMID:23651658

  20. Thrombomodulin as a marker for vascular tumors. Comparative study with factor VIII and Ulex europaeus I lectin.

    PubMed

    Yonezawa, S; Maruyama, I; Sakae, K; Igata, A; Majerus, P W; Sato, E

    1987-10-01

    Thrombomodulin (TM) is a newly described endothelial cell-associated protein that functions as a potent natural anticoagulant by converting thrombin from a procoagulant protease to an anticoagulant. Various vascular tumors were characterized with immunoperoxidase staining with the use of a polyclonal anti-TM serum. The staining patterns of TM were compared with those of Factor VIII-related antigen (FVIII-RAG) and Ulex europaeus agglutinin-I (UEA-I), which have been used as markers for endothelial cells. The results showed that TM is a specific and a highly sensitive marker for angiosarcomas in comparison with FVIII-RAG or UEA-I. In contrast, UEA-I is more sensitive for benign vascular tumors than TM or FVIII-RAG. The other mesenchymal tumors of nonvascular origin showed negative staining for three endothelial markers. These results indicate that TM is a new specific and sensitive tool for the diagnosis of angiosarcomas.

  1. Demonstration of vascular endothelium in thyroid carcinomas using Ulex europaeus I agglutinin.

    PubMed

    González-Cámpora, R; Montero, C; Martin-Lacave, I; Galera, H

    1986-03-01

    The usefulness of using peroxidase-labelled Ulex europaeus agglutinin I for the staining of small vessels and capillaries in the capsule of thyroid tumours is demonstrated. With this procedure the scanning for small tumour deposits in those vessels and, consequently, the diagnosis of follicular carcinoma of the thyroid is facilitated.

  2. Iodine-131 treatment and chromosomal damage: in vivo dose-effect relationship.

    PubMed

    Erselcan, Taner; Sungu, Selma; Ozdemir, Semra; Turgut, Bulent; Dogan, Derya; Ozdemir, Ozturk

    2004-05-01

    Although it is well known that radiation induces chromosomal aberrations, there is a lack of information on the in vivo dose-effect relationship in patients receiving iodine-131 treatment, and the results of previous studies are controversial. In this study, the sister chromatid exchange (SCE) method was employed to investigate acute and late chromosomal damage (CD) in the peripheral lymphocytes of 15 patients who received various doses of (131)I (259-3,700 MBq), either for thyrotoxicosis (TTX) or for ablation treatment in differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC). The SCE frequencies in cultured peripheral lymphocytes were determined before treatment (to assess basal SCE frequencies), on the 3rd day (to assess acute SCE frequencies) and 6 months later (to assess late SCE frequencies). The basal, acute and late SCE frequencies (mean+/-SD) were 3.19+/-0.93, 10.83+/-1.72 and 5.75+/-2.06, respectively, in the whole group, and these values differed significantly from each other ( P<0.001). In order to perform a quantitative evaluation of the present data and a comparative analysis with the results of previous studies reported in the literature, we defined acute and late effects using a "damage ratio" (DR) and a "recovery ratio" (RR), based on the basal, acute and late data for individual patients. No statistically significant difference was found in the DR between DTC and TTX patients (76.4%+/-11.5% vs 67.6%+/-9.0%), while the mean RR was higher in TTX patients than in the DTC group (75.2%+/-24.4% vs 36.8%+/-13.7%). The DR on the 3rd day was not related to the administered (131)I dose in the whole group, but a negative correlation was found between the (131)I dose and the RR at the 6th month (r=-0.60, P=0.04). The best fit for this relationship was obtained by a linear-quadratic model, as y=104.89x-28.4x(2)+38.1 ( R(2)=0.51, P=0.04). On the other hand, comparative analysis with the results of previous studies with comparable sampling times revealed that the best fit for the

  3. Management of metastatic phaeochromocytoma and paraganglioma: use of iodine-131-meta-iodobenzylguanidine therapy in a tertiary referral centre.

    PubMed

    Rutherford, M A; Rankin, A J; Yates, T M; Mark, P B; Perry, C G; Reed, N S; Freel, E M

    2015-05-01

    Phaeochromocytoma (phaeo) and paraganglioma (PGL) are rare conditions, which are malignant in up to 30%. Optimal treatment is controversial, but in patients with metastatic iodine-131-meta-iodobenzylguanidine ((123)I-MIBG) avid tumours, we offer (131)I-MIBG therapy. We summarize response rates, survival and safety in a cohort of such patients treated with (131)I-MIBG in our centre from 1986 to 2012. Retrospective analysis of the case notes of patients with metastatic phaeo/PGL who received (131)I-MIBG was undertaken; patients underwent clinical, biochemical and radiological evaluation within 6 months of each course of (131)I-MIBG therapy. Twenty-two patients (9 males) were identified, 12 with metastatic PGL and 10 with phaeo. Overall median follow-up time after first dose of (131)I-MIBG was 53 months. In total, 68 doses of (131)I-MIBG were administered; average dose was 9967 MBq (269.4 mCi). After the first dose, >50% of patients demonstrated disease stability or partial response; progressive disease was seen in 9%. A subset of patients underwent repeated treatment with the majority demonstrating partial response or stable disease. No life-threatening adverse events were reported, but three patients developed hypothyroidism and two developed ovarian failure after repeated dosing. Five-year survival after original diagnosis was 68% and median (+inter quartile range) survival from date of diagnosis was 17 years (7.6-26.4) with no difference in survival according to diagnosis (P < 0.1). (131)I-MIBG is well tolerated and associates with disease stabilization or improvement in the majority of patients with metastatic phaeo/PGL. However, stronger conclusions on treatment effectiveness are limited by lack of a directly comparable 'control group' as well as an alternative 'gold standard' treatment. © The Author 2014. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Association of Physicians. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com.

  4. Assessment of intake and internal dose from iodine-131 for exposed workers handling radiopharmaceutical products.

    PubMed

    Bitar, A; Maghrabi, M; Doubal, A W

    2013-12-01

    Two methods for determination of internal dose due to (131)I intake during the preparation and handling of iodine radiopharmaceutical products have been compared. The first method was based on the measurement of (131)I in 24-hour urine samples while the second method was based on the measurement in vivo of (131)I in thyroid. The results have shown that urine analysis method can be used as a screening test but not for internal dose assessment of exposed workers. Thyroid monitoring method was found to be more reliable and accurate method for assessing internal dose from (131)I intake. In addition, the assessed internal dose showed that the annual internal effective dose for some workers was below 1 mSv with no risk classification, whereas the results of other group of workers were between 1 and 6 mSv with low risk classification. Only one worker reached 7.66 mSv with high risk classification; and this worker must be monitored individually. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  5. Gamma camera dual imaging with a somatostatin receptor and thymidine kinase after gene transfer with a bicistronic adenovirus in mice.

    PubMed

    Zinn, Kurt R; Chaudhuri, Tandra R; Krasnykh, Victor N; Buchsbaum, Donald J; Belousova, Natalya; Grizzle, William E; Curiel, David T; Rogers, Buck E

    2002-05-01

    To compare two systems for assessing gene transfer to cancer cells and xenograft tumors with noninvasive gamma camera imaging. A replication-incompetent adenovirus encoding the human type 2 somatostatin receptor (hSSTr2) and the herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase (TK) enzyme (Ad-hSSTr2-TK) was constructed. A-427 human lung cancer cells were infected in vitro and mixed with uninfected cells at different ratios. A-427 tumors in nude mice (n = 23) were injected with 1 x 10(6) to 5 x 10(8) plaque-forming units (pfu) of Ad-hSSTr2-TK. The expressed hSSTr2 and TK proteins were imaged owing to internally bound, or trapped, technetium 99m ((99m)Tc)-labeled hSSTr2-binding peptide (P2045) and radioiodinated 2'-deoxy-2'-fluoro-beta-D-arabinofuranosyl-5-iodouracil (FIAU), respectively. Iodine 125 ((125)I)-labeled FIAU was used in vitro and iodine 131 ((131)I)-labeled FIAU, in vivo. The (99m)Tc-labeled P2045 and (125)I- or (131)I-labeled FIAU were imaged simultaneously with different window settings with an Anger gamma camera. Treatment effects were tested with analysis of variance. Infected cells in culture trapped (125)I-labeled FIAU and (99m)Tc-labeled P2045; uptake correlated with the percentage of Ad-hSSTr2-TK-positive cells. For 100% of infected cells, 24% +/- 0.4 (mean +/- SD) of the added (99m)Tc-labeled P2045 was trapped, which is significantly lower (P <.05) than the 40% +/- 2 of (125)I-labeled FIAU that was trapped. For the highest Ad-hSSTr2-TK tumor dose (5 x 10(8) pfu), the uptake of (99m)Tc-labeled P2045 was 11.1% +/- 2.9 of injected dose per gram of tumor (thereafter, dose per gram), significantly higher (P <.05) than the uptake of (131)I-labeled FIAU at 1.6% +/- 0.4 dose per gram. (99m)Tc-labeled P2045 imaging consistently depicted hSSTr2 gene transfer in tumors at all adenovirus doses. Tumor uptake of (99m)Tc-labeled P2045 positively correlated with Ad-hSSTr2-TK dose; (131)I-labeled FIAU tumor uptake did not correlate with vector dose. The hSSTr2 and TK

  6. Retrospective reconstruction of Iodine-131 distribution through the analysis of Iodine-129

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Matsuzaki, Hiroyuki; Muramatsu, Yasuyuki; Ohno, Takeshi; Mao, Wei

    2017-09-01

    Iodine-131 distribution released from the Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Plant accident was reconstructed through the iodine-129 measurements. From nearly 1,000 surface soil samples iodine was extracted by the pyro hydrolysis method. Extracted iodine was then mixed with carrier, purified and finally collected as silver iodide. Silver iodide sample was pressed into the cathode holder and set at the ion source of the MALT facility, The University of Tokyo. The isotopic ratio 129I/127I was measured by means of Accelerator Mass Spectrometry. From 129I data obtained, 131I deposition map was constructed. There observed various fine structures in the map which could not estimated neither by the simulation nor 137Cs distribution.

  7. Risk factors of hepatic dysfunction in patients with Graves’ hyperthyroidism and the efficacy of 131iodine treatment

    PubMed Central

    Wang, Renfei; Tan, Jian; Zhang, Guizhi; Zheng, Wei; Li, Chengxia

    2017-01-01

    Abstract Hepatic dysfunction is often observed in patients with Graves’ hyperthyroidism. The aims of this study were to investigate the risk factors for hepatic dysfunction and to analyze the efficacy of 131I (radioactive iodine-131) treatment. In total, 2385 patients with Graves’ hyperthyroidism (478 males, 1907 females; age 42.8 ± 13.5 years) were involved in our study. Of these, 1552 cases with hepatic dysfunction received 131I treatment. All clinical data were retrospectively reviewed to explore the risk factors associated with hepatic dysfunction using logistic regression analysis. Furthermore, we observed thyroid and liver function indices for the 1552 subjects at 3, 6 and 12 months after 131I treatment, in order to evaluate efficacy. Overall, 65% patients were affected by hepatic dysfunction. The most common abnormality was elevated alkaline phosphatase (ALP), of which the prevalence was 52.3%. The percentages of hepatocellular injury type, bile stasis, and mixed type were 45.8%, 32.4%, and 21.8%, respectively. Both univariate and multivariate analyses demonstrated that age, duration of Graves hyperthyroidism, free triiodothyronine (FT3)level, and thyrotrophin receptor antibody (TRAb) concentration were the most significant risk factors predicting hepatic dysfunction. Additionally, the patients with mild hepatic dysfunction, or hepatocellular injury type were more likely to attain normal liver function after 131I treatment. Furthermore, after 131I treatment, liver function was more likely to return to normal in the cured group of patients compared with the uncured group. Older patients and cases with a longer history of Graves’ hyperthyroidism, higher FT3 or TRAb concentration were more likely to be associated with hepatic dysfunction, and the prognosis of hepatic dysfunction was closely associated with the outcomes of Graves’ hyperthyroidism after 131I treatment. PMID:28151911

  8. Study of factors that influence the outcome of 131I treatment in hyperthyroidism secondary to nodular goitre.

    PubMed

    Tabuenca-Dopico, O; Boente-Varela, R; Lamas-Ferreiro, J L

    To assess the outcome after 131 I treatment in patients with multinodular (MNG) and nodular toxic goitre (NTG) according to the administered dose and other factors related to the patient, pathology, or previous treatments. A retrospective study was conducted on 108 patients (67 MNG and 41 NTG) treated in our department, with a follow-up period of at least 2 years. Development of hypothyroidism and treatment failure were evaluated along with their relationship with the administered dose and other factors such as age, sex, grade of hyperthyroidism, type of goitre, presence of autoimmunity, or previous antithyroid medication. More than one-third (36.9%) of MNG patients, and even higher proportion of NTG patients (51.2%) developed non-transient hypothyroidism, particularly in those receiving 740MBq (66.7%). No relationship was found with any other variable. The development of early hypothyroidism (before one year) was also not related to any variable. Treatment failure was not related to the dose, but in MNG there was a relationship with male gender, presence of autoimmunity, or previous antithyroid drugs use. The high rate of hypothyroidism obtained with high doses of 131 I in hyperthyroidism secondary to nodular goitre treatment suggests that lower doses might be sufficient to control the disease without an increase in treatment failures. Only patients with positive autoimmunity, in previous anti-thyroid medication, and perhaps male gender in MNG might be given higher doses, as the failure rate increases, but further studies are required. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier España, S.L.U. y SEMNIM. All rights reserved.

  9. Baseline quantity of 131I, 137Cs, 134Cs and 40K in urinary excretions from Thai people and internal exposure dose

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Peekhunthod, D.; Bangvirunrak, J.; Sansakon, S.; Nukultham, A.; Pukkhaw, T.

    2017-06-01

    Today, sealed and unsealed radioactive materials have been used in Thailand for various purposes such as medical, agricultural and industrial applications. There is a growing trend in the use of radioactive materials. Moreover, neighboring countries are planning to construct and operate nuclear power plants. In case of nuclear power plant accidents, radioactive releases in environment and intakes into human body by inhalation and ingestion causing long term health effects. This research aims to determine the radiation baseline quantity of interested relevant radionuclides such as 131I, 137Cs, 134Cs as well as a natural radionuclide, 40K in urine samples of Thai people by gamma spectrometry. Two types of detectors (NaI and HpGe detectors) are calibrated by mixed radionuclide standards of 109Cd, 57Co, 133Ba, 54Mn, 137Cs and 60Co, (energy range from 88 to 1,331 keV). 720 urine samples are collected over a 24 hour period from Thai volunteers with the age older than 18 years old, who lived in eight locations of Thailand. To reduce the effect of geometric difference, 30 ml of urine samples are prepared for counting measurement and efficiency determination. The radiation baseline quantity of 131I, 137Cs, 134Cs and 40K in 30 ml of urine samples are 0.37±0.09, 0.63±0.13, 0.39±0.08 and 7.84±1.63 Bq, respectively. Based on the assumption of intake (50% of the intake by ingestion and 50% of the intake by inhalation), internal dose for members of public are assessed. The committed dose equivalent due to an intake of 131I, 137Cs, 134Cs and 40K are 2.36E-03±1.66-03, 1.15E-01±8.61E-02, 1.16E-01±7.77E-02, 9.44E-01±3.56E-01 mSv per year, respectively.

  10. Representative doses to members of the public from atmospheric releases of (131)I at the Mayak Production Association facilities from 1948 through 1972.

    PubMed

    Eslinger, Paul W; Napier, Bruce A; Anspaugh, Lynn R

    2014-09-01

    Scoping epidemiology studies performed by researchers from the Southern Urals Biophysics Institute revealed an excess prevalence of thyroid nodules and an increased incidence of thyroid cancer among residents of Ozersk, Russia, who were born in the early 1950s. Ozersk is located about 5 km from the facilities where the Mayak Production Association produced nuclear materials for the Russian weapons program. Reactor operations began in June 1948 and chemical separation of plutonium from irradiated fuel began in February 1949. The U.S.-Russia Joint Coordinating Committee on Radiation Effects Research conducted a series of projects over a 10-year period to assess the radiation risks in the Southern Urals. This paper uses data collected under Committee projects to present examples of reconstructed time-dependent thyroid doses to reference individuals living in Ozersk from (131)I released to the atmosphere for all relevant exposure pathways. Between 3.22 × 10(16) and 4.31 × 10(16) Bq of (131)I may have been released during the 1948-1972 time period, and a best estimate is 3.76 × 10(16) Bq. In general, younger children incur greater thyroid doses from (131)I than adults. A child born in 1947 is estimated to have received a cumulative thyroid dose of 2.3 Gy for 1948-1972, with a 95% confidence interval of 0.51-7.3 Gy. Annual doses were the highest in 1949 and a child who was 5 years old in 1949 is estimated to have a received an annual thyroid dose of 0.93 Gy with a 95% confidence interval of 0.19-3.5 Gy. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  11. Influence of lake trophic structure on iodine-131 accumulation and subsequent cumulative radiation dose to trout thyroids.

    PubMed

    Martinez, Nicole E; Johnson, Thomas E; Pinder, John E

    2014-05-01

    Iodine-131 is a major component of the atmospheric releases following reactor accidents, and the passage of (131)I through food chains from grass to human thyroids has been extensively studied. By comparison, the fate and effects of (131)I deposition onto lakes and other aquatic systems have been less studied. In this study we: (1) reanalyze 1960s data from experimental releases of (131)I into two small lakes; (2) compare the effects of differences in lake trophic structures on the accumulation of (131)I by fish; (3) relate concentrations in fish and fish tissues to that in the water column using empirically estimated uptake (L kg(-1) d(-1)) and loss (d(-1)) parameters; and (4) show that the largest concentrations in the thyroids of trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) may occur from 8 to 32 days after initial release. Iodine-131 concentration in trout thyroids at 30-days post release may be >1000 times that in the water. Estimates of cumulative radiation dose (mGy) to thyroids computed using an anatomically-appropriate model of trout thyroid structure within the Monte Carlo N-particle modeling software predicted cumulative thyroid doses that increased approximately linearly after the first 8 days and resulted in 32-day cumulative thyroid doses that ranged from 6 mGy g(-1) to 18 mGy g(-1) per 1 Bq mL(-1) of initial (131)I in the water depending upon fish size. The majority of this dose is due to beta emissions, and the dose varies with positions in the thyroid tissue. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  12. Experimental basis of myocardial imaging with 123I-labeled hexadecenoic acid.

    PubMed

    Poe, N D; Robinson, G D; Graham, L S; MacDonald, N S

    1976-12-01

    Progress in myocardial perfusion imaging has been slowed by the lack or radiopharmaceuticals with suitable physical and biologic characteristics. Hexadecenoic acid, terminally labeled with 123I, partially overcomes these limitations by providing a compound that concentrates in the myocardium in proportion to relative regional blood flow and carries a gamma-emitter with desirable detection and imaging qualities. After intravenous injection in experimental animals, the clearance half-times of hexadecenoic acid for blood and myocardium are 1.7 and 20 min, respectively. These values compare favorably with 18-carbon fatty-acid analogs labeled with 11C. In acute and chronic infarction, similar distribution patterns are found for hexadecenoic acid and 43K, which indicates that hexadecenoic acid is a suitable substitute for the potassium analogs now in use for myocardial imaging. Because of the high count rates obtainable with 123I-hexadecenoic acid, good-guality images can be acquired in as little as 2-3 min per view. Iodine-123-hexadecenoic acid is potentially a useful radiopharmaceutical for clinical application.

  13. Radiation Exposure to Relatives of Patients Treated with Iodine-131 for Thyroid Cancer at Siriraj Hospital.

    PubMed

    Tonnonchiang, Siriporn; Sritongkul, Nopamon; Chaudakshetrin, Pachee; Tuntawiroon, Malulee

    2016-02-01

    Thyroid cancer patients treated with 1-131 are potential source of radiation exposure to relatives who are knowingly and willingly exposed to ionizing radiation as a result of providing comfort to patients undergoing I-131 therapy. This study aims to determine radiation dose received by relatives who care for non self-supporting 1-131 patients at Siriraj Hospital. Twenty caregivers of 20 patients underwent I-131 therapy for thyroid cancer with a standard protocol were given specific instructions with regard to radiation safety and provided with electronic digital dosimeter to continuously measure radiation dose received on daily basis, three days in the hospital. On the day patient is released, thyroid uptake estimates were performed to assess internal radiation dose received by caregivers. The 3-day accumulative doses to caregivers to patients receiving 150 mCi (n = 11) and 200 mCi (n = 9) of I-131 ranged from 37 to 333 uSv and 176 to 1,920 pSv respectively depending on the level of supports required. Thyroid uptake estimates in all caregivers were undetectable. Dosimeter indicated a maximum whole-body dose of1.92 mSv was more than the public dose limit of] mSv but within the dose constraint of 5 mSv for caregivers. Radiation dose to caregivers of a non self-supporting hospitalized patient undergoing 1-131 therapy were well below the limits recommended by the ICRP. The patients can be comforted with confidence that dose to caregivers will be less than the limit. This study provides guidance for medical practitioners to obtain practical radiation safety concerns associated with hospitalized patients receiving I-131 therapy especially when patient needs assistance.

  14. Management of traumatic popliteal vascular injuries in a level I trauma center: A 6-year experience.

    PubMed

    Sciarretta, Jason D; Macedo, Francisco Igor B; Otero, Christian A; Figueroa, Jose N; Pizano, Louis R; Namias, Nicholas

    2015-06-01

    Popliteal vascular trauma remains a challenging entity, and carries the greatest risk of limb loss among the lower extremity vascular injuries. Operative management of traumatic popliteal vascular injuries continues to evolve. We aim at describing our experience with such complex injuries, with associated patterns of injury, diagnostic and therapeutic challenges, and outcomes. From January 2006 to September 2011, 191 adult trauma patients presented to an urban level I trauma center in Miami, Florida with traumatic lower extremity vascular injuries. Variables collected included age, gender, mechanism of injury, and clinical status at presentation. Surgical data included vessel injury, technical aspects of repair, associated complications and outcomes. Forty-seven (24.6%) patients were diagnosed with traumatic popliteal vascular injuries. Mean age was 38.1 ± 16.1 years, and the majority of patients were males (43 patients, 91.4%). There were 21 (44.7%) penetrating injuries, and 26 (55.3%) blunt injuries. Vascular repair with saphenous venous interposition graft and PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene) grafting were performed in 36 (70.7%) and 2 (3.9%) patients, respectively. Blunt popliteal injuries were significantly more associated with major tissue loss, and length of hospital and intensive care unit (ICU) stays. The risk for amputation is increased with longer ICU stays and the use of PTFE grafting for vascular repair. The overall mortality rate in this series was 8.5%. Blunt popliteal vascular injuries are associated with increased morbidity compared to penetrating trauma. Early restoration of blood perfusion, frequent use of interposition grafts with autogenous saphenous vein, and liberal use of fasciotomies play important role to achieve acceptable outcomes. Copyright © 2015 IJS Publishing Group Limited. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  15. False-positive iodine-131 whole-body scan findings in patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma: report of 11 cases and review of the literature.

    PubMed

    Buton, Leckzinscka; Morel, Olivier; Gault, Patricia; Illouz, Frédéric; Rodien, Patrice; Rohmer, Vincent

    2013-07-01

    Iodine-131 (I-131) whole-body scan (WBS) plays an important role in the management of patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC), to detect normal thyroid remnants and recurrent or metastatic disease. A focus of I-131 accumulation outside the thyroid bed and the areas of physiological uptake is strongly suggestive of a distant functioning metastasis. However, many false-positive I-131 WBS findings have been reported in the literature. We describe a series of 11 personal cases of patients with DTC, collected from 1992 to 2011, in whom diagnostic or post-treatment WBS showed false-positive retention of I-131 in various locations. False-positive accumulations of I-131 on WBS may be classified according to the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms: external and internal contaminations by body secretions, ectopic normal thyroid and gastric tissues, inflammatory and infectious diseases, benign and malignant tumors, cysts and effusions of serous cavities, thymic uptake, and other non classified causes. Clinicians must be aware of possible false-positive findings to avoid misinterpretations of the I-131 WBS, which could lead to inappropriate treatments. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.

  16. Methods of producing cesium-131

    DOEpatents

    Meikrantz, David H; Snyder, John R

    2012-09-18

    Methods of producing cesium-131. The method comprises dissolving at least one non-irradiated barium source in water or a nitric acid solution to produce a barium target solution. The barium target solution is irradiated with neutron radiation to produce cesium-131, which is removed from the barium target solution. The cesium-131 is complexed with a calixarene compound to separate the cesium-131 from the barium target solution. A liquid:liquid extraction device or extraction column is used to separate the cesium-131 from the barium target solution.

  17. Imaging of neuroendocrine tumors in 300 patients following injection of I-123 mIBG or 1-131 mIBG prepared from a {open_quotes}cold kit{close_quotes}

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Karesh, S.M.; Henkin, R.E.

    1994-05-01

    During the past 6 years, we have performed approximately 300 scans for neuroendocrine tumors in an extremely varied patient base, with 65% of patients receiving I-123 mIBG and 35%, I-131 mIBG. Imaging was performed at 24-72 hr, depending upon the isotope used. The most common clinical indication was for pheochromocytoma (>90%), followed by neuroblastoma, paraganglioma, medullary carcinoma of the thyroid, and carcinoid tumors. Radiolabeling was performed by a modification of Mock`s procedure. The radioiodide was added to a very stable {open_quotes}cold kit{close_quotes} developed in-house. The kit contains 1 ml of water for injection, 2 mg of mIBG hemisulfate, and 12more » mg of ammonium sulfate. After 2 heating cycles, a yield >85% and a radiochemical purity {>=}96% were routinely obtained. Overall preparation time, including determination of radiochemical purity, is approximately 2.5 hr. The only equipment required is a thermostatically controlled block heater. Biodistribution of our I-131 product was indistinguishable from that distributed by the Nuclear Pharmacy at the University of Michigan, as was the radiochemical purity; the diagnostic efficacy matched that reported in the literature. The image quality obtained using I-123 mIBG was definitely superior, due to both the much higher count rate and the ideal imaging energy of I-123. On one occasion, the I-131 scan was equivocal, whereas the I-123 scan in the same patient was clearly positive. Retrospectively, for studies performed with I-123 mIBG using the {open_quotes}cold kit{close_quotes} method, the specificity and sensitivity both exceed 90%, correlating well with multiple studies reported in the literature. The preparation of I-123 mIBG in-house using this technique is recommended.« less

  18. The effect of Ginkgo biloba extract on genotoxic damage in patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma receiving thyroid remnant ablation with iodine-131.

    PubMed

    Dardano, Angela; Ballardin, Michela; Caraccio, Nadia; Boni, Giuseppe; Traino, Claudio; Mariani, Giuliano; Ferdeghini, Marco; Barale, Roberto; Monzani, Fabio

    2012-03-01

    Radioiodine ((131)I) therapy is usually performed in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC). Although (131)I is generally considered safe, genotoxic damage has been demonstrated both in vivo and in vitro. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the effect of Ginkgo biloba extract (GBE) on the time-course of appearance, after (131)I therapy for DTC, of plasma factors with chromosome-damaging properties (so-called "clastogenic" factors [CFs]) and of micronuclei (MN) in lymphocytes. Twenty-three patients (median age 42 years, range 18-73) with DTC receiving (131)I activity (3.7 GBq) for thyroid remnant ablation were randomly assigned to receive GBE (120 mg/day for one month; n=10) or placebo (n=13) in a double-blind manner. Blood samples were taken at various intervals (from baseline to 90 days) after (131)I therapy. The frequency of MN in blood lymphocytes was determined, and CFs were assayed in plasma by a method that used MN increase in lymphocytes from an healthy donor as the endpoint of the assay. MN in blood lymphocytes increased significantly after (131)I treatment in the placebo group, peaking at the 7th day (p=0.002) and slowly declining thereafter. In contrast, in similarly treated patients who were also treated with GBE both before and after (131)I treatment, a significant increase of blood lymphocyte MN level was not observed. In addition, only the placebo group showed a significant, progressive increase in CFs activity. This peaked at the 14th day (p=0.003 vs. baseline) and was still noted for the last plasma sample. The differences in the change in lymphocyte MN and CFs activity between the placebo and GBE-treated groups were significant (p<0.01 and p<0.05, respectively). Thyroid function tests, including serum thyroglobulin (Tg) and anti-Tg antibody levels, were never significantly different. GBE may protect from possible oxidative and genotoxic damage associated with (131)I treatment in patients requiring (131)I therapy for thyroid

  19. The Influence of Antithyroid Drug Discontinuation to the Therapeutic Efficacy of (131)I in Hyperthyroidism.

    PubMed

    Kartamihardja, A Hussein Sundawa; Massora, Stepanus

    2016-01-01

    The influence of antithyroid drugs (ATDs) on the therapeutic efficacy of radioactive iodine in hyperthyroidism is still controversial. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of ATD discontinuation to the therapeutic efficacy of I-131 in hyperthyroidism patients with long-term ATD treatment. Retrospective study was done to 39 subjects with hyperthyroidism who had been treated with doses of 300 MBq radioactive iodine. The subjects were divided into three groups: Group I (n = 14) had been using ATDs for more than one year and discontinued more than three days; group II (n = 14) had been using ATDs for more than one year but discontinued only for three days or less, and group III (n = 11) has never been used any ATD before radioactive iodine treatment. There was a significant difference in the therapeutic efficacy after three months of radioactive iodine treatment between group I and group II (P = 0.018), group II and group III (P = 0.017), but not between group I and group III (P = 1.0). There was no observed difference on the therapeutic efficacy between the three groups at 6 months after radioactive iodine therapy (P = 0.143). Administration of ATDs more than 1 year without discontinuation decreased response of radioactive iodine treatment in 3 months follow-up. Discontinuation of ATDs for more than 3 days before radioactive iodine treatment is recommended.

  20. The Influence of Antithyroid Drug Discontinuation to the Therapeutic Efficacy of 131I in Hyperthyroidism

    PubMed Central

    Kartamihardja, A. Hussein Sundawa; Massora, Stepanus

    2016-01-01

    The influence of antithyroid drugs (ATDs) on the therapeutic efficacy of radioactive iodine in hyperthyroidism is still controversial. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of ATD discontinuation to the therapeutic efficacy of I-131 in hyperthyroidism patients with long-term ATD treatment. Retrospective study was done to 39 subjects with hyperthyroidism who had been treated with doses of 300 MBq radioactive iodine. The subjects were divided into three groups: Group I (n = 14) had been using ATDs for more than one year and discontinued more than three days; group II (n = 14) had been using ATDs for more than one year but discontinued only for three days or less, and group III (n = 11) has never been used any ATD before radioactive iodine treatment. There was a significant difference in the therapeutic efficacy after three months of radioactive iodine treatment between group I and group II (P = 0.018), group II and group III (P = 0.017), but not between group I and group III (P = 1.0). There was no observed difference on the therapeutic efficacy between the three groups at 6 months after radioactive iodine therapy (P = 0.143). Administration of ATDs more than 1 year without discontinuation decreased response of radioactive iodine treatment in 3 months follow-up. Discontinuation of ATDs for more than 3 days before radioactive iodine treatment is recommended. PMID:27134556

  1. "You Say Tomato, I Say Solanum Lycopersicum Containing Beta-ionone and Phenylacetaldehyde": an Analysis of Connecticut's GMO Labeling Legislation.

    PubMed

    Nunziato, Travis

    2014-01-01

    "You Say Tomato, I Say Solanum Lycopersicum Containing Beta-ionone and Phenylacetaldehyde" discusses the importance of requiring labels on products that contain genetically modified organisms, focusing on Connecticut's GMO Labeling statutes, as it is they are the first of their kind in the nation. The article will compare Connecticut's law to the legislation found in Australia, highlighting the positive aspects of Connecticut's bill and identifying its key weaknesses, namely the "trigger clause" found in the statute. Part I will provide an overview of Genetic Modification and provide a brief history of Biotechnology. It will also provide a brief overview of the federal regulatory framework in biotechnology, as well as evaluate the United States Food and Drug Association's role of regulating genetic modification. Part I will conclude by discussing how the American public has shown that labeling GMOs is important, and something that should occur. Part II of this article will explore Connecticut's recent legislation requiring labels on products that contain GMOs. Part III will explore Australia's legislation requiring labels on products containing GMOs, comparing Australia's law to Connecticut's legislation.

  2. Mass spectrometry–based relative quantification of proteins in precatalytic and catalytically active spliceosomes by metabolic labeling (SILAC), chemical labeling (iTRAQ), and label-free spectral count

    PubMed Central

    Schmidt, Carla; Grønborg, Mads; Deckert, Jochen; Bessonov, Sergey; Conrad, Thomas; Lührmann, Reinhard; Urlaub, Henning

    2014-01-01

    The spliceosome undergoes major changes in protein and RNA composition during pre-mRNA splicing. Knowing the proteins—and their respective quantities—at each spliceosomal assembly stage is critical for understanding the molecular mechanisms and regulation of splicing. Here, we applied three independent mass spectrometry (MS)–based approaches for quantification of these proteins: (1) metabolic labeling by SILAC, (2) chemical labeling by iTRAQ, and (3) label-free spectral count for quantification of the protein composition of the human spliceosomal precatalytic B and catalytic C complexes. In total we were able to quantify 157 proteins by at least two of the three approaches. Our quantification shows that only a very small subset of spliceosomal proteins (the U5 and U2 Sm proteins, a subset of U5 snRNP-specific proteins, and the U2 snRNP-specific proteins U2A′ and U2B′′) remains unaltered upon transition from the B to the C complex. The MS-based quantification approaches classify the majority of proteins as dynamically associated specifically with the B or the C complex. In terms of experimental procedure and the methodical aspect of this work, we show that metabolically labeled spliceosomes are functionally active in terms of their assembly and splicing kinetics and can be utilized for quantitative studies. Moreover, we obtain consistent quantification results from all three methods, including the relatively straightforward and inexpensive label-free spectral count technique. PMID:24448447

  3. Improved iodine radiolabels for monoclonal antibody therapy.

    PubMed

    Stein, Rhona; Govindan, Serengulam V; Mattes, M Jules; Chen, Susan; Reed, Linda; Newsome, Guy; McBride, Bill J; Griffiths, Gary L; Hansen, Hans J; Goldenberg, David M

    2003-01-01

    A major disadvantage of (131)iodine (I)-labeled monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) for radioimmunotherapy has been the rapid diffusion of iodotyrosine from target cells after internalization and catabolism of the radioiodinated MAbs. We recently reported that a radioiodinated, diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid-appended peptide, designated immunomedics' residualizing peptide 1 (IMP-R1), was a residualizing iodine label that overcame many of the limitations that had impeded the development of residualizing iodine for clinical use. To determine the factors governing the therapeutic index of the labeled MAb, as well as the factors required for production of radioiodinated MAb in high yield and with high specific activity, variations in the peptide structure of IMP-R1 were evaluated. A series of radioiodinated, diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid-appended peptide moieties (IMP-R1 through IMP-R8) that differed in overall hydrophilicity and charge were compared. Radioiodinations of the peptides followed by conjugations to disulfide-reduced RS7 (an anti-epithelial glycoprotein-1 MAb) furnished radioimmunoconjugates in good overall incorporations, with immunoreactivities comparable to that of directly radioiodinated RS7. Specific activities of up to 8 mCi/mg and yields > 80% have been achieved. In vitro processing experiments showed marked increases in radioiodine retention with all of the adducts; radioiodine retention at 45 h was up to 86% greater in cells than with directly iodinated RS7. Each of the (125)I-peptide-RS7 conjugates was compared with (131)I-RS7 (labeled by the chloramine-T method) in paired-label biodistribution studies in nude mice bearing human lung tumor xenografts. All of the residualizing substrates exhibited significantly enhanced retention in tumor in comparison to directly radioiodinated RS7, but the nontarget uptakes differed significantly among the residualizing labels. The best labels were IMP-R4 and IMP-R8, showing superior tumor-to-non-tumor ratios

  4. Microdosimetric Analysis Confirms Similar Biological Effectiveness of External Exposure to Gamma-Rays and Internal Exposure to 137Cs, 134Cs, and 131I

    PubMed Central

    Sato, Tatsuhiko; Manabe, Kentaro; Hamada, Nobuyuki

    2014-01-01

    The risk of internal exposure to 137Cs, 134Cs, and 131I is of great public concern after the accident at the Fukushima-Daiichi nuclear power plant. The relative biological effectiveness (RBE, defined herein as effectiveness of internal exposure relative to the external exposure to γ-rays) is occasionally believed to be much greater than unity due to insufficient discussions on the difference of their microdosimetric profiles. We therefore performed a Monte Carlo particle transport simulation in ideally aligned cell systems to calculate the probability densities of absorbed doses in subcellular and intranuclear scales for internal exposures to electrons emitted from 137Cs, 134Cs, and 131I, as well as the external exposure to 662 keV photons. The RBE due to the inhomogeneous radioactive isotope (RI) distribution in subcellular structures and the high ionization density around the particle trajectories was then derived from the calculated microdosimetric probability density. The RBE for the bystander effect was also estimated from the probability density, considering its non-linear dose response. The RBE due to the high ionization density and that for the bystander effect were very close to 1, because the microdosimetric probability densities were nearly identical between the internal exposures and the external exposure from the 662 keV photons. On the other hand, the RBE due to the RI inhomogeneity largely depended on the intranuclear RI concentration and cell size, but their maximum possible RBE was only 1.04 even under conservative assumptions. Thus, it can be concluded from the microdosimetric viewpoint that the risk from internal exposures to 137Cs, 134Cs, and 131I should be nearly equivalent to that of external exposure to γ-rays at the same absorbed dose level, as suggested in the current recommendations of the International Commission on Radiological Protection. PMID:24919099

  5. Successful treatment of solitary toxic thyroid nodules with relatively low-dose iodine-131, with low prevalence of hypothyroidism

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Ross, D.S.; Ridgway, E.C.; Daniels, G.H.

    1984-10-01

    Forty-five patients with solitary toxic thyroid adenomas received 131I (mean dose, 10.3 mCi) for treatment of hyperthyroidism and were followed for 4.9 +/- 3.2 years (range, 0.5 to 13.5). Seventy-seven percent were euthyroid by 2 months, 91% by 6 months, and 93% by 1 year. Only 3 patients did not respond to a single dose of 131I, but all responded to multiple doses. Late recurrent hyperthyroidism occurred in 3 patients at 4.5, 6, and 10 years after treatment with a single dose of 131I. No patient developed clinical hypothyroidism, and none had a low serum thyroxine level associated with anmore » elevated serum thyrotrophin level. Three patients developed minimal elevations in serum thyrotrophin levels: 1, 4, and 7.5 years after 131I treatment, their thyrotrophin levels were 8.4, 6.2, and 9.6 microU/mL, respectively. All 3 had normal serum thyroxine levels and were clinically euthyroid. Mean serum thyroxine concentrations of all patients were unchanged between 1 and more than 9 years of follow-up. These data suggest that solitary toxic adenomas may be treated with relatively low doses of 131I (5 to 15 mCi), and that post-treatment hypothyroidism is very unusual.« less

  6. Systematic Comparison of Label-Free, Metabolic Labeling, and Isobaric Chemical Labeling for Quantitative Proteomics on LTQ Orbitrap Velos

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Li, Zhou; Adams, Rachel M; Chourey, Karuna

    2012-01-01

    A variety of quantitative proteomics methods have been developed, including label-free, metabolic labeling, and isobaric chemical labeling using iTRAQ or TMT. Here, these methods were compared in terms of the depth of proteome coverage, quantification accuracy, precision, and reproducibility using a high-performance hybrid mass spectrometer, LTQ Orbitrap Velos. Our results show that (1) the spectral counting method provides the deepest proteome coverage for identification, but its quantification performance is worse than labeling-based approaches, especially the quantification reproducibility; (2) metabolic labeling and isobaric chemical labeling are capable of accurate, precise, and reproducible quantification and provide deep proteome coverage for quantification. Isobaricmore » chemical labeling surpasses metabolic labeling in terms of quantification precision and reproducibility; (3) iTRAQ and TMT perform similarly in all aspects compared in the current study using a CID-HCD dual scan configuration. Based on the unique advantages of each method, we provide guidance for selection of the appropriate method for a quantitative proteomics study.« less

  7. 40 CFR 131.32 - [Reserved

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 22 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false [Reserved] 131.32 Section 131.32 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) WATER PROGRAMS WATER QUALITY STANDARDS Federally Promulgated Water Quality Standards § 131.32 [Reserved] ...

  8. 40 CFR 131.32 - [Reserved

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 21 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false [Reserved] 131.32 Section 131.32 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) WATER PROGRAMS WATER QUALITY STANDARDS Federally Promulgated Water Quality Standards § 131.32 [Reserved] ...

  9. Three-dimensional Hessian matrix-based quantitative vascular imaging of rat iris with optical-resolution photoacoustic microscopy in vivo

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Zhao, Huangxuan; Wang, Guangsong; Lin, Riqiang; Gong, Xiaojing; Song, Liang; Li, Tan; Wang, Wenjia; Zhang, Kunya; Qian, Xiuqing; Zhang, Haixia; Li, Lin; Liu, Zhicheng; Liu, Chengbo

    2018-04-01

    For the diagnosis and evaluation of ophthalmic diseases, imaging and quantitative characterization of vasculature in the iris are very important. The recently developed photoacoustic imaging, which is ultrasensitive in imaging endogenous hemoglobin molecules, provides a highly efficient label-free method for imaging blood vasculature in the iris. However, the development of advanced vascular quantification algorithms is still needed to enable accurate characterization of the underlying vasculature. We have developed a vascular information quantification algorithm by adopting a three-dimensional (3-D) Hessian matrix and applied for processing iris vasculature images obtained with a custom-built optical-resolution photoacoustic imaging system (OR-PAM). For the first time, we demonstrate in vivo 3-D vascular structures of a rat iris with a the label-free imaging method and also accurately extract quantitative vascular information, such as vessel diameter, vascular density, and vascular tortuosity. Our results indicate that the developed algorithm is capable of quantifying the vasculature in the 3-D photoacoustic images of the iris in-vivo, thus enhancing the diagnostic capability of the OR-PAM system for vascular-related ophthalmic diseases in vivo.

  10. 34 CFR 668.131 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... 34 Education 3 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Definitions. 668.131 Section 668.131 Education Regulations of the Offices of the Department of Education (Continued) OFFICE OF POSTSECONDARY EDUCATION, DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION STUDENT ASSISTANCE GENERAL PROVISIONS Immigration-Status Confirmation § 668.131...

  11. 34 CFR 668.131 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 34 Education 3 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Definitions. 668.131 Section 668.131 Education Regulations of the Offices of the Department of Education (Continued) OFFICE OF POSTSECONDARY EDUCATION, DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION STUDENT ASSISTANCE GENERAL PROVISIONS Immigration-Status Confirmation § 668.131...

  12. 34 CFR 668.131 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... 34 Education 3 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Definitions. 668.131 Section 668.131 Education Regulations of the Offices of the Department of Education (Continued) OFFICE OF POSTSECONDARY EDUCATION, DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION STUDENT ASSISTANCE GENERAL PROVISIONS Immigration-Status Confirmation § 668.131...

  13. 34 CFR 668.131 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... 34 Education 3 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Definitions. 668.131 Section 668.131 Education Regulations of the Offices of the Department of Education (Continued) OFFICE OF POSTSECONDARY EDUCATION, DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION STUDENT ASSISTANCE GENERAL PROVISIONS Immigration-Status Confirmation § 668.131...

  14. 9 CFR 354.131 - Decomposition.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 9 Animals and Animal Products 2 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Decomposition. 354.131 Section 354.131 Animals and Animal Products FOOD SAFETY AND INSPECTION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE AGENCY... Carcasses and Parts § 354.131 Decomposition. Carcasses of rabbits deleteriously affected by post-mortem...

  15. 46 CFR 131.800 - General.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 4 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false General. 131.800 Section 131.800 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OFFSHORE SUPPLY VESSELS OPERATIONS Markings for Fire Equipment and Emergency Equipment § 131.800 General. (a) This section prescribes markings necessary for the...

  16. 46 CFR 131.800 - General.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 4 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false General. 131.800 Section 131.800 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OFFSHORE SUPPLY VESSELS OPERATIONS Markings for Fire Equipment and Emergency Equipment § 131.800 General. (a) This section prescribes markings necessary for the...

  17. 46 CFR 131.800 - General.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 4 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false General. 131.800 Section 131.800 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OFFSHORE SUPPLY VESSELS OPERATIONS Markings for Fire Equipment and Emergency Equipment § 131.800 General. (a) This section prescribes markings necessary for the...

  18. 46 CFR 131.800 - General.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false General. 131.800 Section 131.800 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OFFSHORE SUPPLY VESSELS OPERATIONS Markings for Fire Equipment and Emergency Equipment § 131.800 General. (a) This section prescribes markings necessary for the...

  19. 46 CFR 131.800 - General.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 4 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false General. 131.800 Section 131.800 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OFFSHORE SUPPLY VESSELS OPERATIONS Markings for Fire Equipment and Emergency Equipment § 131.800 General. (a) This section prescribes markings necessary for the...

  20. 9 CFR 354.131 - Decomposition.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... 9 Animals and Animal Products 2 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Decomposition. 354.131 Section 354.131 Animals and Animal Products FOOD SAFETY AND INSPECTION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE AGENCY... Carcasses and Parts § 354.131 Decomposition. Carcasses of rabbits deleteriously affected by post-mortem...

  1. 9 CFR 354.131 - Decomposition.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... 9 Animals and Animal Products 2 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Decomposition. 354.131 Section 354.131 Animals and Animal Products FOOD SAFETY AND INSPECTION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE AGENCY... Carcasses and Parts § 354.131 Decomposition. Carcasses of rabbits deleteriously affected by post-mortem...

  2. 9 CFR 354.131 - Decomposition.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... 9 Animals and Animal Products 2 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Decomposition. 354.131 Section 354.131 Animals and Animal Products FOOD SAFETY AND INSPECTION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE AGENCY... Carcasses and Parts § 354.131 Decomposition. Carcasses of rabbits deleteriously affected by post-mortem...

  3. THE EFFECT OF ORALLY ADMINISTERED EPSILON AMINOCAPROIC ACID ON THE DEPOSITION AND/OR RETENTION OF RADIOIODINATED FIBRINOGEN AND ANTIBODIES TO FIBRINOGEN IN SUBCUTANEOUS RAT PLASMA CLOTS AND TURPENTINE-INDUCED ABSCESSES OF THE RAT

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Mutschler, L.E.

    1963-01-25

    Treatment of metastatic cancer through the use of highly radioactive labeled tumor-localizing antibodies would have the advantage over conventional radiation therapy techniques of delivering large doses of radiation to areas of malignancy while at the same time sparing vital normal tissue from excessive radiation. Intravenously administered I/sup 131/-labeled rat fibrinogen and antibodies to rat fibrin or fibrinogen were found to localize with considerable specificity in the rat-carried Murphy-Sturm lymphosarcoma. lt was suggested that fibrin deposition in tumors is a phenomenon associated with the growth of these tumors and may be of significance in rapidly growing tumors. An apparent lack ofmore » I/sup 131/-fibrinogen localization was observed in some transplantable rat tumors, such as the Walker carcinoma 256. The hypothesis that fibrin deposition is masked by its subsequent rapid removal by fibrinolytic processes was investigated. Data are presented from an investigation of the in vivo antifibrinolytic properties of epsilon aminocapronic acid (EACA), a potent in vitro fibrinolytic inhibitor. Two basic test systems, both using the rat as an experimental animal, were employed. The first involved measuring the effect of orally administered EACA on the retention of subcutaneous clots labeled with either I/sup 131/-fibrinogen or I/sup 131/-antibody against rat fibrinogen. The second system involved measuring the effect of EACA treatment on the deposition and retention of intravenously injected I/sup 131/-fibrinogen and I/sup 131/- antibody in subcutaneous turpentine-induced abscesses. Data indicate that EACA is a potent in vivo anti-fibrinolytic agent and that the mechanism by which EACA treatment brings about increased tumor localization of I/sup 131/-fibrinogen and I/sup 131/antibody is the inhibition of their subsequent removal by fibrinolytic processes. (C.H.)« less

  4. HCG-. beta. -subunit radioimmunoassay: potential error in HCG measurement related to choice of labeled antigen. [/sup 125/I

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Tyrey, L.; Hammond, C.B.

    1976-05-15

    Antiserum generated against the hormone-specific ..beta..-subunit of hCG was used with different labeled antigens to measure circulating hCG in patients having trophoblastic disease. When /sup 125/I-hCG..beta.. served as the labeled antigen, a small number of patient sera failed to show parallelism with the second IS-hCG reference and erroneous estimates of hormone concentrations were obtained. Replacement of the /sup 125/I-hCG..beta.. with labeled hCG corrected the nonparallelism exhibited by these samples. Inhibition curves obtained with purified hCG and hCG..beta.. suggested that both the nonparallelism and its correction with the change in labeled antigen would be consistent with the possibility that this assaymore » aberration may result from the presence of free hCG..beta.. in these sera. (auth)« less

  5. Safety, tolerability and potential efficacy of injection of autologous adipose-derived stromal vascular fraction in the fingers of patients with systemic sclerosis: an open-label phase I trial.

    PubMed

    Granel, Brigitte; Daumas, Aurélie; Jouve, Elisabeth; Harlé, Jean-Robert; Nguyen, Pierre-Sébastien; Chabannon, Christian; Colavolpe, Nathalie; Reynier, Jean-Charles; Truillet, Romain; Mallet, Stéphanie; Baiada, Antoine; Casanova, Dominique; Giraudo, Laurent; Arnaud, Laurent; Veran, Julie; Sabatier, Florence; Magalon, Guy

    2015-12-01

    In patients with systemic sclerosis (scleroderma, SSc), impaired hand function greatly contributes to disability and reduced quality of life, and is insufficiently relieved by currently available therapies. Adipose tissue-derived stromal vascular fraction (SVF) is increasingly recognised as an easily accessible source of regenerative cells with therapeutic potential in ischaemic or autoimmune diseases. We aimed to measure for the first time the safety, tolerability and potential efficacy of autologous SVF cells local injections in patients with SSc with hand disability. We did an open-label, single arm, at one study site with 6-month follow-up among 12 female SSc patients with Cochin Hand Function Scale score >20/90. Autologous SVF was obtained from lipoaspirates, using an automated processing system, and subsequently injected into the subcutaneous tissue of each finger in contact with neurovascular pedicles. Primary outcome was the number and the severity of adverse events related to SVF-based therapy. Secondary endpoints were changes in hand disability and fibrosis, vascular manifestations, pain and quality of life from baseline to 2 and 6 months after cell therapy. All enrolled patients had surgery, and there were no dropouts or patients lost to follow-up. No severe adverse events occurred during the procedure and follow-up. Four minor adverse events were reported and resolved spontaneously. A significant improvement in hand disability and pain, Raynaud's phenomenon, finger oedema and quality of life was observed. This study outlines the safety of the autologous SVF cells injection in the hands of patients with SSc. Preliminary assessments at 6 months suggest potential efficacy needing confirmation in a randomised placebo-controlled trial on a larger population. GFRS (Groupe Francophone de Recherche sur la Sclérodermie). NCT01813279. Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to

  6. Follow-up and evaluation of the pregnancy outcome in women of reproductive age with Graves’ disease after 131Iodine treatment

    PubMed Central

    Zhang, Li-Hua; Li, Jing-Yan; Tian, Qi; Liu, Shuang; Zhang, Hong; Liu, Sheng; Liang, Jiu-Gen; Lu, Xian-Ping; Jiang, Ning-Yi

    2016-01-01

    The aims of the present study were to analyze the outcomes of pregnancy, after 131I treatment, in patients of reproductive age with Graves’ hyperthyroidism and to investigate the effects, if any, of the 131I treatment on the mothers and newborns. From 2009 to 2014, 257 pregnant female patients with Graves’ hyperthyroidism in the outpatients at the Department of Nuclear Medicine and 166 healthy pregnant women from the Department of Obstetrics at Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital were included in our study. They were divided into a 131I therapy group (n = 130) and an anti-thyroid drug (ATD) group (n = 127) according to their therapy before conception. The neonatal gender, rate of preterm birth, body weight ratio and occurrence of low birth weight [except for higher rates of abortion (odds ratio; OR = 2.023) and cesarean delivery (OR = 1.552) in patients with Graves’ hyperthyroidism] showed no statistically significant differences from those of the healthy group (P > 0.05). The level of intrauterine growth restriction did not differ between the Graves’ hyperthyroidism group and the healthy group (8 vs 2, 3.0% vs 1.2%). The outcomes of pregnancy among the 131I therapy group, ATD group and healthy group also showed no significant differences. Of the patients treated with 131I, no significant differences were observed in the outcomes of their pregnancies, whether they received propylthiouracil (PTU), levothyroxine or no additional drug treatment during pregnancy. Women with hyperthyroidism who were treated with 131I therapy could have normal delivery if they ceased 131I treatment for at least six months prior to conception and if their thyroid function was reasonably controlled and maintained using the medication: anti-thyroid drug and levothyroxine before and during pregnancy. PMID:27618833

  7. Design of patient rooms and automatic radioiodine-131 waste water management system for a thyroid cancer treatment ward: 'Suandok Model'.

    PubMed

    Vilasdechanon, N; Ua-Apisitwong, S; Chatnampet, K; Ekmahachai, M; Vilasdechanon, J

    2014-09-01

    The great benefit of (131)I radionuclide treatment for differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) was acknowledged by the long survival rate. The main requirements for (131)I therapy in hospital were treatment facilities and a radiation safety plan that assured radiation protection and safety to patient, hospital worker, public, and environment. To introduce the concepts and methods of radiation safety design for a patient's room in a (131)I treatment ward and a system of radioactive waste water management in hospital. The design was based on principles of external and internal radiation protection for unsealed source and radioactive waste management. Planning for treatment facilities was concluded from clinical evidence, physical and physiological information for (131)I, radiation safety criteria, hospital resources and budget. The three phases of the working process were: construction, software development, and radiation safety assessment. The (131)I treatment facility and automatic radioactive waste water management system was completely implemented in 2009. The radiation waste water management system known as the 'Suandok Model' was highly recommended by the national regulator to hospitals who desire to provide (131)I treatment for thyroid cancer. In 2011, the Nuclear Medicine Division, Chiang Mai University was rewarded by the national authority for a very good radiation practice in development of safe working conditions and environment. The Suandok Model was a facility design that fulfilled requirements for the safe use of high radiation (131)I doses for thyroid cancer treatment in hospital. The facility presented in this study may not be suitable for all hospitals but the design concepts could be applied according to an individual hospital context and resources. People who use or gain benefit from radiation applications have to emphasise the responsibility to control and monitor radiation effects on individuals, communities and the environment.

  8. Clinical use of indium-111 labeled blood products

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Loken, M.K.; Clay, M.E.; Carpenter, R.T.

    1985-12-01

    Following the introduction of In-111 oxine as a label for blood cells by McAffee and Thakur in 1976, these procedures have become increasingly important in the practice of nuclear medicine. Of particular interest are studies involving the use of labeled leukocytes for the detection of focal infection. The clinical utility of labeled platelets is less well developed, although the use of platelets to detect the formation of thrombi in blood vessels and on vascular grafts and prostheses is gaining prominence. This report summarizes the techniques presently employed at the University of Minnesota for the labeling of blood products, and theirmore » clinical use. Consideration also is given to the desired expertise and cost factors involved in the labeling of leukocytes and platelets.43 references.« less

  9. 32 CFR 13.1 - Purpose.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... 32 National Defense 1 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Purpose. 13.1 Section 13.1 National Defense Department of Defense OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE MILITARY COMMISSIONS RESPONSIBILITIES OF THE CHIEF DEFENSE COUNSEL, DETAILED DEFENSE COUNSEL, AND CIVILIAN DEFENSE COUNSEL § 13.1 Purpose. This part...

  10. 32 CFR 13.1 - Purpose.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 32 National Defense 1 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Purpose. 13.1 Section 13.1 National Defense Department of Defense OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE MILITARY COMMISSIONS RESPONSIBILITIES OF THE CHIEF DEFENSE COUNSEL, DETAILED DEFENSE COUNSEL, AND CIVILIAN DEFENSE COUNSEL § 13.1 Purpose. This part...

  11. 32 CFR 13.1 - Purpose.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 32 National Defense 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Purpose. 13.1 Section 13.1 National Defense Department of Defense OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE MILITARY COMMISSIONS RESPONSIBILITIES OF THE CHIEF DEFENSE COUNSEL, DETAILED DEFENSE COUNSEL, AND CIVILIAN DEFENSE COUNSEL § 13.1 Purpose. This part...

  12. 10 CFR 76.131 - Violations.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 10 Energy 2 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Violations. 76.131 Section 76.131 Energy NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION (CONTINUED) CERTIFICATION OF GASEOUS DIFFUSION PLANTS Enforcement § 76.131 Violations. (a) The Commission may obtain an injunction or other court order to prevent a violation of the...

  13. 10 CFR 76.131 - Violations.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... 10 Energy 2 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Violations. 76.131 Section 76.131 Energy NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION (CONTINUED) CERTIFICATION OF GASEOUS DIFFUSION PLANTS Enforcement § 76.131 Violations. (a) The Commission may obtain an injunction or other court order to prevent a violation of the...

  14. 10 CFR 76.131 - Violations.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... 10 Energy 2 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Violations. 76.131 Section 76.131 Energy NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION (CONTINUED) CERTIFICATION OF GASEOUS DIFFUSION PLANTS Enforcement § 76.131 Violations. (a) The Commission may obtain an injunction or other court order to prevent a violation of the...

  15. 10 CFR 76.131 - Violations.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... 10 Energy 2 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Violations. 76.131 Section 76.131 Energy NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION (CONTINUED) CERTIFICATION OF GASEOUS DIFFUSION PLANTS Enforcement § 76.131 Violations. (a) The Commission may obtain an injunction or other court order to prevent a violation of the...

  16. 10 CFR 76.131 - Violations.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... 10 Energy 2 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Violations. 76.131 Section 76.131 Energy NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION (CONTINUED) CERTIFICATION OF GASEOUS DIFFUSION PLANTS Enforcement § 76.131 Violations. (a) The Commission may obtain an injunction or other court order to prevent a violation of the...

  17. Gaussian plume atmospheric modelling and radiation exposure calculations following the cremation of a deceased thyroid cancer patient treated with iodine-131.

    PubMed

    Calais, Phillipe J

    2017-03-20

    Shortly after treatment with 7200 MBq of 131 I, a thyroid cancer patient died and was subsequently cremated. Calculations of the atmospheric emissions of 131 I from the crematorium flue were performed using a standard atmospheric pollution Gaussian Plume Dispersal model. Estimates of whole-body and thyroid dose of those potentially exposed were made using OLINDA/EXM dosimetry software. Under the meteorological conditions prevalent at the time of the cremation, and depending on the actual release rate of the 131 I, the Western Australian legal limit of 3.7 Bqm -3 for atmospheric emissions of 131 I may have been exceeded for distances of up to 440 and 1610 m downwind of the crematorium chimney, with the maximum concentration being between 33 and 392 Bqm -3 . Assuming 16% of the inhaled 131 I was taken up in the thyroid with the balance in the remainder of the body, the radiation dose to maximally exposed individuals was calculated to be approximately 17.7 μSv to the thyroid and 0.04 μSv to the whole-body. Despite the maximum allowable atmospheric 131 I concentration of 3.7 Bqm -3 being exceeded, as the number of people immediately downwind of the crematorium flue in the high concentration zones was very low, and considering the relatively high tolerable dose to the thyroid, the radiation dose to people was probably not a problem in this case. The local limit of 1000 MBq of 131 I for the cremation of a deceased patient is reasonable, but with adequate precautions could be significantly increased without any harmful effects to people or the environment.

  18. Radioiodine (131I) therapies performed in a paediatric hospital: facilities and procedures.

    PubMed

    Bibbo, Giovanni; Benger, Tracy; Sigalas, Victoria; Kirkwood, Ian

    2018-06-25

    Radioiodine ( 131 I) therapies on younger children with thyroid cancer and neuroblastoma can be challenging as they are required to be isolated for a period of time due to radiation safety concerns. At our hospital these therapies are performed in a purpose-built child-friendly therapy room. Nursing staff are able to provide personal care during the isolation period with minimum radiation exposure. Patients are provided with various age-appropriate entertainment items such as iPad, X-Box, DVD, craft and books to keep them entertained while in isolation. Parents can communicate freely with their child via the audio-visual system located in the Ward Parent Lounge and can also stay in the shielded part of the ante room of the therapy room. Nursing staff can communicate with the patient via a similar audio-visual system located in the nurses station so that they only need to enter the therapy room when they are required to provide personal patient care. All persons entering the therapy room are monitored with personal digital dosimeters. Patients accept the isolation period with minimal aggravation and the personal radiation exposures to staff, parents and visitors are well below the general public annual limit of 1000 µSv. The design and facilities of the therapy room with its child-friendly surroundings and support network makes the experience of the isolation period easier and positive for both patients and parents. For Graves' disease, the patients are treated as outpatients in the Department of Nuclear Medicine and are discharged within a short time after the radioiodine administration.

  19. 15 CFR 13.1 - Purpose.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 15 Commerce and Foreign Trade 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Purpose. 13.1 Section 13.1 Commerce and Foreign Trade Office of the Secretary of Commerce INTERGOVERNMENTAL REVIEW OF DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE PROGRAMS AND ACTIVITIES § 13.1 Purpose. (a) The regulations in this part implement Executive Order...

  20. 14 CFR 65.131 - Records.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 2 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Records. 65.131 Section 65.131 Aeronautics... CERTIFICATION: AIRMEN OTHER THAN FLIGHT CREWMEMBERS Parachute Riggers § 65.131 Records. (a) Each certificated parachute rigger shall keep a record of the packing, maintenance, and alteration of parachutes performed or...

  1. 14 CFR 65.131 - Records.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 2 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Records. 65.131 Section 65.131 Aeronautics... CERTIFICATION: AIRMEN OTHER THAN FLIGHT CREWMEMBERS Parachute Riggers § 65.131 Records. (a) Each certificated parachute rigger shall keep a record of the packing, maintenance, and alteration of parachutes performed or...

  2. 14 CFR 65.131 - Records.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 2 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Records. 65.131 Section 65.131 Aeronautics... CERTIFICATION: AIRMEN OTHER THAN FLIGHT CREWMEMBERS Parachute Riggers § 65.131 Records. (a) Each certificated parachute rigger shall keep a record of the packing, maintenance, and alteration of parachutes performed or...

  3. 14 CFR 65.131 - Records.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 2 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Records. 65.131 Section 65.131 Aeronautics... CERTIFICATION: AIRMEN OTHER THAN FLIGHT CREWMEMBERS Parachute Riggers § 65.131 Records. (a) Each certificated parachute rigger shall keep a record of the packing, maintenance, and alteration of parachutes performed or...

  4. 49 CFR 237.131 - Design.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... 49 Transportation 4 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Design. 237.131 Section 237.131 Transportation... TRANSPORTATION BRIDGE SAFETY STANDARDS Repair and Modification of Bridges § 237.131 Design. Each repair or... component of a bridge shall be designed by a railroad bridge engineer. The design shall specify the manner...

  5. Radionuclide studies of chronic schistosomal uropathy. [/sup 99m/Tc-DTPA; /sup 131/I-hippuran

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Lamki, L.M.; Lamki, N.

    1981-08-01

    Fifty patients with chronic urinary tract schistosomiasis were studied with /sup 99m/Tc-DTPA. All had a flow study, sequential analog imaging, and digital imaging for 25 to 35 min (20-sec frames). Time-activity curves (DTPA renograms) were extracted; 12 patients had /sup 131/I-Hippuran probe renograms as well. Renal changes included diminished perfusion and structural abnormalities ranging from minor calyceal dilatation to overt hydronephrosis. Ureteral changes included dilatation, tortuosity, and kinking. Marked distortion of the ureterovesical junction was seen in some patients due to periureteral and perivesicular fibrosis, which is a major factor in upper urinary tract damage. Renograms showed varying obstruction andmore » parenchymal damage. Nuclear medicine complements excretory urography and is sometimes preferable for visualization of the ureters. After the initial urogram, sequential DTPA scanning and renography are sufficient for follow-up.« less

  6. An Excel-Based System to Manage Radiation Safety for the Family of Patients Undergoing 131I Therapy.

    PubMed

    Steward, Palmer G

    2017-06-01

    The purpose of this study was to develop spreadsheet workbooks that assist in the radiation safety counseling of 131 I therapy patients and their families, providing individualized guidelines that avoid imposing overly conservative restrictions on family members and others. Methods: The mathematic model included biphasic patient radionuclide retention. The extrathyroidal component was a cylindric volume with a diameter corresponding to the patient's size and included patient self-absorption, whereas the thyroidal component was a point source whose transmission was reduced by self-absorption. A separate model in which the thyroid, extrathyroid, and bladder compartments fed serially from one to the next was developed to depict the radionuclide levels within the patient and to estimate the activity entering the environment at each urination. Results: The system was organized into a set of 4 workbooks: the first to be used with ablation patients prepared using thyrogen, the second with ablation patients prepared by deprivation, the third with hyperthyroid patients, and the fourth with the unusual hyperthyroid patient who finds the restrictions to be oppressive and returns 5-10 d after administration for a measurement and reassessment. The workbooks evaluated the radiation field strength external to the patient and indicated restrictions based on selected dose limits. To assist physicians in suggesting contamination precautions, the workbooks also evaluated the radioactivity present within the patient and the estimated discharge into the environment as a function of time. Conclusion: The workbooks that were developed assist the radiation safety counselor in individualizing radiation protection procedures for the family of patients undergoing 131 I therapy. The workbook system avoids overly conservative assumptions while permitting selection of appropriate dose limits for each individual. © 2017 by the Society of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging.

  7. 46 CFR 131.210 - Hulls.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Hulls. 131.210 Section 131.210 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OFFSHORE SUPPLY VESSELS OPERATIONS Markings on Vessels § 131.210 Hulls. The hull of each vessel must be marked as required by parts 67 and 69 of this chapter. ...

  8. Label Distribution in Tissues of Wheat Seedlings Cultivated with Tritium-Labeled Leonardite Humic Acid

    PubMed Central

    Kulikova, Natalia A.; Abroskin, Dmitry P.; Badun, Gennady A.; Chernysheva, Maria G.; Korobkov, Viktor I.; Beer, Anton S.; Tsvetkova, Eugenia A.; Senik, Svetlana V.; Klein, Olga I.; Perminova, Irina V.

    2016-01-01

    Humic substances (HS) play important roles in the biotic-abiotic interactions of the root plant and soil contributing to plant adaptation to external environments. However, their mode of action on plants remains largely unknown. In this study the HS distribution in tissues of wheat seedlings was examined using tritium-labeled humic acid (HA) derived from leonardite (a variety of lignites) and microautoradiography (MAR). Preferential accumulation of labeled products from tritiated HA was found in the roots as compared to the shoots, and endodermis was shown to be the major control point for radial transport of label into vascular system of plant. Tritium was also found in the stele and xylem tissues indicating that labeled products from tritiated HA could be transported to shoot tissues via the transpiration stream. Treatment with HA lead to an increase in the content of polar lipids of photosynthetic membranes. The observed accumulation of labeled HA products in root endodermis and positive impact on lipid synthesis are consistent with prior reported observations on physiological effects of HS on plants such as enhanced growth and development of lateral roots and improvement/repairs of the photosynthetic status of plants under stress conditions. PMID:27350412

  9. Label Distribution in Tissues of Wheat Seedlings Cultivated with Tritium-Labeled Leonardite Humic Acid

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Kulikova, Natalia A.; Abroskin, Dmitry P.; Badun, Gennady A.; Chernysheva, Maria G.; Korobkov, Viktor I.; Beer, Anton S.; Tsvetkova, Eugenia A.; Senik, Svetlana V.; Klein, Olga I.; Perminova, Irina V.

    2016-06-01

    Humic substances (HS) play important roles in the biotic-abiotic interactions of the root plant and soil contributing to plant adaptation to external environments. However, their mode of action on plants remains largely unknown. In this study the HS distribution in tissues of wheat seedlings was examined using tritium-labeled humic acid (HA) derived from leonardite (a variety of lignites) and microautoradiography (MAR). Preferential accumulation of labeled products from tritiated HA was found in the roots as compared to the shoots, and endodermis was shown to be the major control point for radial transport of label into vascular system of plant. Tritium was also found in the stele and xylem tissues indicating that labeled products from tritiated HA could be transported to shoot tissues via the transpiration stream. Treatment with HA lead to an increase in the content of polar lipids of photosynthetic membranes. The observed accumulation of labeled HA products in root endodermis and positive impact on lipid synthesis are consistent with prior reported observations on physiological effects of HS on plants such as enhanced growth and development of lateral roots and improvement/repairs of the photosynthetic status of plants under stress conditions.

  10. Thyroid neoplasia, autoimmune thyroiditis, and hypothyroidism in persons exposed to iodine 131 from the hanford nuclear site.

    PubMed

    Davis, Scott; Kopecky, Kenneth J; Hamilton, Thomas E; Onstad, Lynn

    2004-12-01

    Approximately 740,000 Ci (2.73 x 10(16) Bq) of iodine 131 (131I) were released to the atmosphere from the Hanford Nuclear Site in Washington State from 1944 through 1957. The risk of thyroid disease resulting from prolonged environmental 131I exposure is poorly understood. The Hanford Thyroid Disease Study (HTDS) was conducted to determine if thyroid disease is increased among persons exposed as children to atmospheric releases of 131I from Hanford. Retrospective cohort study. Exposure could have occurred from December 1944 through 1957. Follow-up occurred until the time of the HTDS examination (December 1992-September 1997). Participants' thyroid radiation doses from Hanford's 131I releases were estimated from interview data regarding residence and dietary histories. The cohort included a sample of all births from 1940 through 1946 to mothers with usual residence in 1 of 7 counties in eastern Washington State. Of 5199 individuals identified, 4350 were located alive and 3440 were evaluable; ie, had sufficient data for dose estimation and received an HTDS evaluation for thyroid disease, including a thyroid ultrasound, physical examination, and fine needle biopsy if required to evaluate thyroid nodularity. Thyroid cancer, benign thyroid nodules, total neoplasia, any thyroid nodules, autoimmune thyroiditis, and hypothyroidism. There was no evidence of a relationship between Hanford radiation dose and the cumulative incidence of any of the outcomes. These results remained unchanged after taking into account several factors that might confound the relationship between radiation dose and the outcomes of interest. These results do not support the hypothesis that exposure during infancy and childhood to 131I at the dose levels (median, 97 mGy; mean, 174 mGy) and exposure circumstances experienced by our study participants increases the risk of the forms of thyroid disease evaluated in this study.

  11. 24 CFR 886.131 - Audit.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... 24 Housing and Urban Development 4 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Audit. 886.131 Section 886.131... Projects With HUD-Insured and HUD-Held Mortgages § 886.131 Audit. (a) Where a State or local government is... assistance under this part, the audit requirements in 24 CFR part 44 shall apply. (b) Where a nonprofit...

  12. 21 CFR 131.110 - Milk.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... of one or more healthy cows. Milk that is in final package form for beverage use shall have been... 21 Food and Drugs 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Milk. 131.110 Section 131.110 Food and Drugs FOOD... CONSUMPTION MILK AND CREAM Requirements for Specific Standardized Milk and Cream § 131.110 Milk. (a...

  13. Vaccination with vascular progenitor cells derived from induced pluripotent stem cells elicits antitumor immunity targeting vascular and tumor cells.

    PubMed

    Koido, Shigeo; Ito, Masaki; Sagawa, Yukiko; Okamoto, Masato; Hayashi, Kazumi; Nagasaki, Eijiro; Kan, Shin; Komita, Hideo; Kamata, Yuko; Homma, Sadamu

    2014-05-01

    Vaccination of BALB/c mice with dendritic cells (DCs) loaded with the lysate of induced vascular progenitor (iVP) cells derived from murine-induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells significantly suppressed the tumor of CMS-4 fibrosarcomas and prolonged the survival of CMS-4-inoculated mice. This prophylactic antitumor activity was more potent than that of immunization with DCs loaded with iPS cells or CMS-4 tumor cells. Tumors developed slowly in mice vaccinated with DCs loaded with iVP cells (DC/iVP) and exhibited a limited vascular bed. Immunohistochemistry and a tomato-lectin perfusion study demonstrated that the tumors that developed in the iVP-immunized mice showed a marked decrease in tumor vasculature. Immunization with DC/iVP induced a potent suppressive effect on vascular-rich CMS-4 tumors, a weaker effect on BNL tumors with moderate vasculature, and nearly no effect on C26 tumors with poor vasculature. Treatment of DC/iVP-immunized mice with a monoclonal antibody against CD4 or CD8, but not anti-asialo GM1, inhibited the antitumor activity. CD8(+) T cells from DC/iVP-vaccinated mice showed significant cytotoxic activity against murine endothelial cells and CMS-4 cells, whereas CD8(+) T cells from DC/iPS-vaccinated mice did not. DNA microarray analysis showed that the products of 29 vasculature-associated genes shared between genes upregulated by differentiation from iPS cells into iVP cells and genes shared by iVP cells and isolated Flk-1(+) vascular cells in CMS-4 tumor tissue might be possible targets in the immune response. These results suggest that iVP cells from iPS cells could be used as a cancer vaccine targeting tumor vascular cells and tumor cells.

  14. Comparison of 800 and 3700 MBq iodine-131 for the postoperative ablation of thyroid remnant in patients with low-risk differentiated thyroid cancer.

    PubMed

    Caglar, Meltem; Bozkurt, Fani M; Akca, Ceren Kapulu; Vargol, Sezen Elhan; Bayraktar, Miyase; Ugur, Omer; Karaağaoğlu, Ergun

    2012-03-01

    The initial treatment of differentiated thyroid cancer is thyroidectomy, followed by remnant ablation with iodine-131 (I-131) in some patients. However, controversy exists concerning the appropriate radioiodine dose. The aim of the study is to compare the success rate of low and high activities of I-131 for postoperative remnant ablation. A total of 108 nonmetastatic low-risk patients (mean age: 46, 85% women) with papillary and follicular carcinoma had I-131 ablation for the postoperative thyroid remnant. Fifty-three patients received a low dose (L) (800 MBq) and 55 patients received a high dose (H) (3700 MBq) of I-131. After total thyroidectomy, thyroid bed I-131 uptake (RAIU) and neck ultrasonography (USG) were performed to determine the remnant volume and the iodine avidity, which were used to calculate the dose delivered to the remnant tissue. The success rate of I-131 ablation was assessed with four different criteria based on serum thyroglobulin (Tg) and USG with and without the utilization of I-131 diagnostic whole-body scintigraphy (DxWBS). Ablation was considered to be successful if patients fulfilled all of the following criteria. (a) Strict criteria based on three tests: (i) USG negative, (ii) no tracer uptake or less than twice the background activity in the thyroid bed on DxWBS and/or up to 0.2% RAIU, and (iii) Tg < 0.2 ng/ml; (b) lax criteria based on three tests: (i) USG negative, (ii) no tracer uptake or less than twice the background activity in the thyroid bed on DxWBS and/or ≤ 0.2% RAIU, and (iii) Tg < 2 ng/ml; (c) strict criteria based on two tests: (i) USG negative and (ii) Tg < 0.2 ng/ml; (d) lax criteria based on two test: (i) USG negative and (ii) Tg < 2 ng/ml. When three tests were used to define successful ablation, in group L, 32 out of 53 (60%) and 43 out of 53 (81%) patients were successfully treated versus 35 out of 55 (64%) and 42 out of 55 (76%) for group H on the basis of strict and lax criteria, respectively (P=NS). The

  15. Anterograde Tracing Method using DiI to Label Vagal Innervation of the Embryonic and Early Postnatal Mouse Gastrointestinal Tract

    PubMed Central

    Murphy, Michelle C.; Fox, Edward A.

    2007-01-01

    The mouse is an extremely valuable model for studying vagal development in relation to strain differences, genetic variation, gene manipulations, or pharmacological manipulations. Therefore, a method using 1, 1′-dioctadecyl-3,3,3′,3′-tetramethylindocarbocyanine perchlorate (DiI) was developed for labeling vagal innervation of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract in embryonic and postnatal mice. DiI labeling was adapted and optimized for this purpose by varying several facets of the method. For example, insertion and crushing of DiI crystals into the nerve led to faster DiI diffusion along vagal axons and diffusion over longer distances as compared with piercing the nerve with a micropipette tip coated with dried DiI oil. Moreover, inclusion of EDTA in the fixative reduced leakage of DiI out of nerve fibers that occurred with long incubations. Also, mounting labeled tissue in PBS was superior to glycerol with n-propyl gallate, which resulted in reduced clarity of DiI labeling that may have been due to DiI leaking out of fibers. Optical sectioning of flattened wholemounts permitted examination of individual tissue layers of the GI tract wall. This procedure aided identification of nerve ending types because in most instances each type innervates a different tissue layer. Between embryonic day 12.5 and postnatal day 8, growth of axons into the GI tract, formation and patterning of fiber bundles in the myenteric plexus and early formation of putative afferent and efferent nerve terminals were observed. Thus, the DiI tracing method developed here has opened up a window for investigation during an important phase of vagal development. PMID:17418900

  16. [Prevention of recurrent amiodarone-induced hyperthyroidism by iodine-131].

    PubMed

    Hermida, J S; Jarry, G; Tcheng, E; Moullart, V; Arlot, S; Rey, J L; Schvartz, C

    2004-03-01

    Amioradone-induced hyperthyroidism is a common complication of amiodarone therapy. Although definitive interruption of amiodarone is recommended because of the risks of aggravation of the arrhythmias, some patients may require the reintroduction of amiodarone several months after normalisation of thyroid function. The authors undertook a retrospective study of the effects of preventive treatment of recurrences of amiodarone-induced hyperthyroidism with I131. The indication of amiodarone therapy was recurrent, symptomatic, paroxysmal atrial fibrillation in 13 cases and ventricular tachycardia in 5 cases (M = 14, average age 64 +/- 13 years). The underlying cardiac disease was dilated cardiomyopathy (N = 5), ischaemic heart disease (N = 3), hypertensive heart disease (N = 2), arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia (N = 2) or valvular heart disease (N = 2). Two patients had idiopathic atrial fibrillation. An average dose of 576 +/- 184 MBq of I131 was administered 34 +/- 37 months after an episode of amiodarone-induced hyperthyroidism. Amiodarone was reintroduced in 16 of the 18 patients after a treatment-free period of 98 +/- 262 days. Transient post-radioiodine hyperthyroidism was observed in 3 cases (17%). Sixteen patients (89%) developed hypothyroidism requiring replacement therapy with L-thyroxine. There were no recurrences of amiodarone-induced hyperthyroidism. After 24 +/- 17 months follow-up, the arrhythmias were controlled in 13 of the 16 patients (81%) who underwent the whole treatment sequence. The authors conclude that preventive treatment with I131 is an effective alternative to prevent recurrence of amiodarone-induced hyperthyroidism in patients requiring reintroduction of amiodarone to control their arrhythmias.

  17. Human breast milk excretion of iodine-131 following diagnostic and therapeutic administration to a lactating patient with Graves' disease

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Dydek, G.J.; Blue, P.W.

    Previous reports on the excretion of /sup 131/I into human breast milk have recommended discontinuance of breast feeding from 1 to 12 days following diagnostic tracer doses of /sup 131/I. Recent excretion models have calculated that breast feeding could safely resume 56 days following a 5 microCi (0.185 MBq) /sup 131/I maternal tracer dose. We studied a postpartum patient with Graves' disease following first an uptake dose of 8.6 microCi (0.317 MBq) and then for 38 days following a 9.6 mCi (355 MBq) therapy dose of Na/sup 131/I. We calculated from our data that although nursing could not be safelymore » resumed for 46 days following the 8.6-microCi uptake dose, nursing could resume in this patient 8 days after a 100-nCi (3.7 KBq) dose. Extrapolating this data to impure /sup 123/I (p, 2n or p, 5n) we feel that standard 100-microCi (3.7 MBq) doses of either /sup 123/I preparation is not suitable if nursing is to be resumed.« less

  18. The GLUT-1 XbaI gene polymorphism is associated with vascular calcifications in nondiabetic uremic patients.

    PubMed

    Rufino, Margarita; Hernández, Domingo; Barrios, Ysamar; Salido, Eduardo

    2008-01-01

    Glucose transporters mediate the facilitative uptake of glucose into cells, with GLUT-1 being the predominant isoform in vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC). Clones of human cells overexpressing the GLUT-1 transporter showed a high increase in intracellular glucose concentrations, mimicking the diabetic milieu. It is possible that high intracellular glucose together with uremic factors may play an important role in vascular calcification by transforming VSMC into osteoblast-like cells. The XbaI polymorphism in the GLUT-1 gene has been linked to variations in GLUT-1 expression, with consequent changes in intracellular glucose concentration. To assess the association between the GLUT-1 XbaI gene polymorphism and the presence of VC in nondiabetic uremic patients, a total of 105 nondiabetic patients on hemodialysis were studied. VC were evaluated by conventional simple X-ray. Mean values of serum calcium, phosphorous, cholesterol, triglycerides, HbA1c, PTH and insulin were measured. Height, weight, BMI and waist circumference were also determined. The GLUT-1 XbaI polymorphism in the second intron of the gene was ascertained by means of the polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis on DNA isolated from peripheral blood DNA. In the absence of an XbaI site, a fragment of 305 bp was seen (so-called x allele), whereas fragments of 232 and 73 bp were generated if the XbaI site was present (X allele). Genotype distribution in all patients was similar to the Caucasian population. However, when the patients were grouped according to the presence or absence of VC, there were marked differences in the frequency of the GLUT1 genotypes: the xx GLUT-1 genotype was more prevalent in the group with VC (30.7 vs. 4.5%, p = 0.001). Stepwise logistic regression demonstrated that the xx GLUT-1 genotype was independently associated with the presence of VC after adjusting for other variables such as age, calcium x phosphrus product, BMI and time on

  19. Angiogenic Type I Collagen Extracellular Matrix Integrated with Recombinant Bacteriophages Displaying Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors.

    PubMed

    Yoon, Junghyo; Korkmaz Zirpel, Nuriye; Park, Hyun-Ji; Han, Sewoon; Hwang, Kyung Hoon; Shin, Jisoo; Cho, Seung-Woo; Nam, Chang-Hoon; Chung, Seok

    2016-01-21

    Here, a growth-factor-integrated natural extracellular matrix of type I collagen is presented that induces angiogenesis. The developed matrix adapts type I collagen nanofibers integrated with synthetic colloidal particles of recombinant bacteriophages that display vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). The integration is achieved during or after gelation of the type I collagen and the matrix enables spatial delivery of VEGF into a desired region. Endothelial cells that contact the VEGF are found to invade into the matrix to form tube-like structures both in vitro and in vivo, proving the angiogenic potential of the matrix. © 2015 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

  20. Microvascular dysfunction with increased vascular leakage response in mice systemically exposed to arsenic.

    PubMed

    Chen, Shih-Chieh; Huang, Shin-Yin; Lu, Chi-Yu; Hsu, Ya-Hung; Wang, Dean-Chuan

    2014-09-01

    The mechanisms underlying cardiovascular disease induced by arsenic exposure are not completely understood. The objectives of this study were to investigate whether arsenic-fed mice have an increased vascular leakage response to vasoactive agents and whether enhanced type-2 protein phosphatase (PP2A) activity is involved in mustard oil-induced leakage. ICR mice were fed water or sodium arsenite (20 mg/kg) for 4 or 8 weeks. The leakage response to vasoactive agents was quantified using the Evans blue (EB) technique or vascular labeling with carbon particles. Increased EB leakage and high density of carbon-labeled microvessels were detected in arsenic-fed mice treated with mustard oil. Histamine induced significantly higher vascular leakage in arsenic-fed mice than in water-fed mice. Pretreatment with the PP2A inhibitor okadaic acid or the neurokinin 1 receptor (NK1R) blocker RP67580 significantly reduced mustard oil-induced vascular leakage in arsenic-fed mice. The protein levels of PP2Ac and NK1R were similar in both groups. PP2A activity was significantly higher in the arsenic-fed mice compared with the control group. These findings indicate that microvessels generally respond to vasoactive agents, and that the increased PP2A activity is involved in mustard oil-induced vascular leakage in arsenic-fed mice. Arsenic may initiate endothelial dysfunction, resulting in vascular leakage in response to vasoactive agents.

  1. Radiometabolic treatment of hyperthyroidism with a calculated dose of 131-iodine: results of one-year follow-up.

    PubMed

    Regalbuto, C; Marturano, I; Condorelli, A; Latina, A; Pezzino, V

    2009-02-01

    Oral administration of radioactive iodine (131I) is a well-known and effective procedure for the treatment of hyperthyroidism. However, the optimal dose is still a matter of debate, as is the frequency of recurrence and hypothyroidism. The aim of our study was to evaluate the 1-yr outcome of a calculated dose of 131I activity in the treatment of hyperthyroidism, following the guidelines published jointly by the Italian Society of Endocrinology and the Italian Society of Nuclear Medicine.We studied 84 patients affected with hyperthyroidism (55 with Graves' disease and 29 with toxic adenoma), who were treated with a dose of 131I activity obtained by using the formula from the guidelines. In all patients serum free T4, free T3, and TSH were measured before, and 2, 6, and 12 months after radiometabolic therapy. A thyroid scan and thyroid uptake with 131I were also performed before treatment, and a thyroid ultrasound scan was obtained before and 1 yr after treatment. One year after treatment, 22 out of 55 patients with Graves' diseases (40.0%) had persistence/ recurrence of hyperthyroidism, whereas only 1 patient of the 29 with toxic adenoma (3.4%) was still in a hyperthyroid state. The frequency of hypothyroidism in patients responsive to therapy was higher in subjects with Graves' disease (45.5%), than in those with toxic adenoma (17.3%, p=0.02). Overall size reduction of the target lesion was 56.2+/-23.1%. In conclusion, the dose calculation suggested by the guidelines represents an effective method for treating thyroid toxic adenoma. In subjects with Graves' disease, we propose using a pre-determined 131I activity, which is higher than that derived from the guidelines. Such an approach would reduce the incidence of recurrent/persistent hyperthyroidism. On the other hand, an increase in post-131I hypothyroidism should not be regarded as a negative effect in these patients, since hypothyroidism is easily corrected, and the risk of worsening ophthalmopathy is reduced.

  2. [Blocking of the thyroid against I-131 following a nuclear disaster].

    PubMed

    Kroizman-Sheiner, Einat; Brickner, Dov; Canfi, Ayala; Schwarzfuchs, Dan

    2005-07-01

    The Chernobyl accident, the recent terrorists' attacks and constant threats, have all once again evoked the fear of a nuclear disaster, in Israel and worldwide. Iodine-131 is a major fission product of nuclear reactors and is highly likely to be released into the atmosphere in severe nuclear disasters. The radioiodine is released as a gas, easily spreads over large areas and is easily absorbed via the respiratory system. Iodine-131 emits gamma and beta radiation in high energies, and is readily absorbed by the thyroid which is a target organ for iodine. The resulting exposure to the thyroid might be very high. A sharp increase in thyroid cancer incidence in children was observed following the Chernobyl accident. This article reviews the medical knowledge about strategies and medications aimed at minimizing the absorption of radioiodine into the thyroid. In addition to regular safety means such as sheltering, restriction of locally produced food products and relocation of the population, the best prophylaxis against thyroid exposure is overloading the gland with stable iodine (as potassium iodide), as soon as possible. Recently, the Israeli government decided to distribute Potassium Iodide tablets to the population in the vicinity of the two nuclear research centers in the country. When this treatment is contraindicated, iodine free thionamides or potassium perchlorate are suggested.

  3. X-38 Vehicle 131R Free Flights 1 and 2

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Munday, Steve

    2000-01-01

    The X-38 program is using a modern flight control system (FCS) architecture originally developed by Honeywell called MACH. During last year's SAE G&C subcommittee meeting, we outlined the design, implementation and testing of MACH in X-38 Vehicles 132, 131R & 201. During this year's SAE meeting, I'll focus upon the first two free flights of V131R, describing what caused the roll-over in FF1 and how we fixed it for FF2. I only have 30 minutes, so it will be a quick summary including VHS video. X-38 is a NASA JSC/DFRC experimental flight test program developing a series of prototypes for an International Space Station (ISS) Crew Return Vehicle (CRV), often described as an ISS "lifeboat." X-38 Vehicle 132 Free Flight 3 was the first flight test of a modern FCS architecture called Multi-Application ControlH (MACH), developed by the Honeywell Technology Center in Minneapolis and Honeywell's Houston Engineering Center. MACH wraps classical Proportional+integral (P+I) outer attitude loops around modern dynamic inversion attitude rate loops. The presentation at last year's SAE Aerospace Meeting No. 85 focused upon the design and testing of the FCS algorithm and Vehicle 132 Free Flight 3. This presentation will summarize flight control and aerodynamics lessons learned during Free Flights 1 and 2 of Vehicle 131R, a subsonic test vehicle laying the groundwork for the orbital/entry test of Vehicle 201 in 2003.

  4. Tumor dosimetry for I-131 trastuzumab therapy in a Her2+ NCI N87 xenograft mouse model using the Siemens SYMBIA E gamma camera with a pinhole collimator

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Lee, Young Sub; Kim, Jin Su; Deuk Cho, Kyung; Kang, Joo Hyun; Moo Lim, Sang

    2015-07-01

    We performed imaging and therapy using I-131 trastuzumab and a pinhole collimator attached to a conventional gamma camera for human use in a mouse model. The conventional clinical gamma camera with a 2-mm radius-sized pinhole collimator was used for monitoring the animal model after administration of I-131 trastuzumab The highest and lowest radiation-received organs were osteogenic cells (0.349 mSv/MBq) and skin (0.137 mSv/MBq), respectively. The mean coefficients of variation (%CV) of the effective dose equivalent and effective dose were 0.091 and 0.093 mSv/MBq respectively. We showed the feasibility of the pinholeattached conventional gamma camera for human use for the assessment of dosimetry. Mouse dosimetry and prediction of human dosimetry could be used to provide data for the safety and efficacy of newly developed therapeutic schemes.

  5. Follow-up and evaluation of the pregnancy outcome in women of reproductive age with Graves' disease after 131Iodine treatment.

    PubMed

    Zhang, Li-Hua; Li, Jing-Yan; Tian, Qi; Liu, Shuang; Zhang, Hong; Liu, Sheng; Liang, Jiu-Gen; Lu, Xian-Ping; Jiang, Ning-Yi

    2016-11-01

    The aims of the present study were to analyze the outcomes of pregnancy, after 131 I treatment, in patients of reproductive age with Graves' hyperthyroidism and to investigate the effects, if any, of the 131 I treatment on the mothers and newborns. From 2009 to 2014, 257 pregnant female patients with Graves' hyperthyroidism in the outpatients at the Department of Nuclear Medicine and 166 healthy pregnant women from the Department of Obstetrics at Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital were included in our study. They were divided into a 131 I therapy group (n = 130) and an anti-thyroid drug (ATD) group (n = 127) according to their therapy before conception. The neonatal gender, rate of preterm birth, body weight ratio and occurrence of low birth weight [except for higher rates of abortion (odds ratio; OR = 2.023) and cesarean delivery (OR = 1.552) in patients with Graves' hyperthyroidism] showed no statistically significant differences from those of the healthy group (P > 0.05). The level of intrauterine growth restriction did not differ between the Graves' hyperthyroidism group and the healthy group (8 vs 2, 3.0% vs 1.2%). The outcomes of pregnancy among the 131 I therapy group, ATD group and healthy group also showed no significant differences. Of the patients treated with 131 I, no significant differences were observed in the outcomes of their pregnancies, whether they received propylthiouracil (PTU), levothyroxine or no additional drug treatment during pregnancy. Women with hyperthyroidism who were treated with 131 I therapy could have normal delivery if they ceased 131 I treatment for at least six months prior to conception and if their thyroid function was reasonably controlled and maintained using the medication: anti-thyroid drug and levothyroxine before and during pregnancy. © The Author 2016. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Japan Radiation Research Society and Japanese Society for Radiation Oncology.

  6. Candesartan Attenuates Diabetic Retinal Vascular Pathology by Restoring Glyoxalase-I Function

    PubMed Central

    Miller, Antonia G.; Tan, Genevieve; Binger, Katrina J.; Pickering, Raelene J.; Thomas, Merlin C.; Nagaraj, Ram H.; Cooper, Mark E.; Wilkinson-Berka, Jennifer L.

    2010-01-01

    OBJECTIVE Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) are both implicated in the development of diabetic retinopathy. How these pathways interact to promote retinal vasculopathy is not fully understood. Glyoxalase-I (GLO-I) is an enzyme critical for the detoxification of AGEs and retinal vascular cell survival. We hypothesized that, in retina, angiotensin II (Ang II) downregulates GLO-I, which leads to an increase in methylglyoxal-AGE formation. The angiotensin type 1 receptor blocker, candesartan, rectifies this imbalance and protects against retinal vasculopathy. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Cultured bovine retinal endothelial cells (BREC) and bovine retinal pericytes (BRP) were incubated with Ang II (100 nmol/l) or Ang II+candesartan (1 μmol/l). Transgenic Ren-2 rats that overexpress the RAS were randomized to be nondiabetic, diabetic, or diabetic+candesartan (5 mg/kg/day) and studied over 20 weeks. Comparisons were made with diabetic Sprague-Dawley rats. RESULTS In BREC and BRP, Ang II induced apoptosis and reduced GLO-I activity and mRNA, with a concomitant increase in nitric oxide (NO•), the latter being a known negative regulator of GLO-I in BRP. In BREC and BRP, candesartan restored GLO-I and reduced NO•. Similar events occurred in vivo, with the elevated RAS of the diabetic Ren-2 rat, but not the diabetic Sprague-Dawley rat, reducing retinal GLO-I. In diabetic Ren-2 rats, candesartan reduced retinal acellular capillaries, inflammation, and inducible nitric oxide synthase and NO•, and restored GLO-I. CONCLUSIONS We have identified a novel mechanism by which candesartan improves diabetic retinopathy through the restoration of GLO-I. PMID:20852029

  7. 40 CFR 436.131 - Specialized definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 29 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Specialized definitions. 436.131 Section 436.131 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) EFFLUENT GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS MINERAL MINING AND PROCESSING POINT SOURCE CATEGORY Borax Subcategory § 436.131...

  8. 40 CFR 436.131 - Specialized definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 30 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Specialized definitions. 436.131 Section 436.131 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) EFFLUENT GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS MINERAL MINING AND PROCESSING POINT SOURCE CATEGORY Borax Subcategory § 436.131...

  9. GEO Label: User and Producer Perspectives on a Label for Geospatial Data

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Lush, V.; Lumsden, J.; Masó, J.; Díaz, P.; McCallum, I.

    2012-04-01

    One of the aims of the Science and Technology Committee (STC) of the Group on Earth Observations (GEO) was to establish a GEO Label- a label to certify geospatial datasets and their quality. As proposed, the GEO Label will be used as a value indicator for geospatial data and datasets accessible through the Global Earth Observation System of Systems (GEOSS). It is suggested that the development of such a label will significantly improve user recognition of the quality of geospatial datasets and that its use will help promote trust in datasets that carry the established GEO Label. Furthermore, the GEO Label is seen as an incentive to data providers. At the moment GEOSS contains a large amount of data and is constantly growing. Taking this into account, a GEO Label could assist in searching by providing users with visual cues of dataset quality and possibly relevance; a GEO Label could effectively stand as a decision support mechanism for dataset selection. Currently our project - GeoViQua, - together with EGIDA and ID-03 is undertaking research to define and evaluate the concept of a GEO Label. The development and evaluation process will be carried out in three phases. In phase I we have conducted an online survey (GEO Label Questionnaire) to identify the initial user and producer views on a GEO Label or its potential role. In phase II we will conduct a further study presenting some GEO Label examples that will be based on Phase I. We will elicit feedback on these examples under controlled conditions. In phase III we will create physical prototypes which will be used in a human subject study. The most successful prototypes will then be put forward as potential GEO Label options. At the moment we are in phase I, where we developed an online questionnaire to collect the initial GEO Label requirements and to identify the role that a GEO Label should serve from the user and producer standpoint. The GEO Label Questionnaire consists of generic questions to identify whether

  10. Sensitive immunodetection of radiotoxicity after iodine-131 therapy for thyroid cancer using γ-H2AX foci of DNA damage in lymphocytes.

    PubMed

    Doai, Mariko; Watanabe, Naoto; Takahashi, Tomoko; Taniguchi, Mitsuru; Tonami, Hisao; Iwabuchi, Kuniyoshi; Kayano, Daiki; Fukuoka, Makoto; Kinuya, Seigo

    2013-04-01

    The purpose of our study was to evaluate the degree of radiotoxicity to lymphocytes in thyroid cancer after iodine-131(I-131) therapy using γ-H2AX foci immunodetection. This study focused on 15 patients who underwent I-131 therapy for differentiated thyroid cancer after surgery. All patients received 3.7 GBq of I-131. Venous blood samples were collected from each patient before therapy and 4 days thereafter. Lymphocytes were isolated from the blood samples and subjected to γ-H2AX immunofluorescence staining. The number (mean ± SD) of foci per lymphocyte nucleus was 0.41 ± 0.51 before and 6.19 ± 1.80 after radioiodine therapy, and this difference was statistically significant (P = 0.001 < 0.05). Absorbed doses estimated for the 15 patients were 0.77 ± 0.31 Gy applying standard line in vitro external radiation doses. γ-H2AX foci immunodetection in lymphocytes may detect radiation-induced DNA damage associated with I-131 therapy for thyroid cancer, and may facilitate estimation of the radiation doses absorbed with this therapy.

  11. 40 CFR 131.13 - General policies.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 22 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false General policies. 131.13 Section 131.13 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) WATER PROGRAMS WATER QUALITY STANDARDS Establishment of Water Quality Standards § 131.13 General policies. States may, at their...

  12. 49 CFR 383.131 - Test procedures.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... provide standardized scoring sheets for the skills tests, as well as standardized driving instructions for... 49 Transportation 5 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Test procedures. 383.131 Section 383.131... STANDARDS; REQUIREMENTS AND PENALTIES Tests § 383.131 Test procedures. (a) Driver information manuals...

  13. Measurements of pulmonary vascular permeability with PET and gallium-68 transferrin

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Mintun, M.A.; Dennis, D.R.; Welch, M.J.

    1987-11-01

    We quantified pulmonary vascular permeability with positron emission tomography (PET) and gallium-68-(/sup 68/Ga) labeled transferrin. Six dogs with oleic acid-induced lung injury confined to the left lower lobe, two normal human volunteers, and two patients with the adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) were evaluated. Lung tissue-activity measurements were obtained from sequential 1-5 min PET scans collected over 60 min, after in vivo labeling of transferrin through intravenous administration of (/sup 68/Ga)citrate. Blood-activity measurements were measured from simultaneously obtained peripheral blood samples. A forward rate constant describing the movement of transferrin from pulmonary vascular to extravascular compartments, the pulmonary transcapillary escapemore » rate (PTCER), was then calculated from these data using a two-compartment model. In dogs, PTCER was 49 +/- 18 in normal lung tissue and 485 +/- 114 10(-4) min-1 in injured lung. A repeat study in these dogs 4 hr later showed no significant change. Values in the human subjects showed similarly marked differences between normal and abnormal lung tissue. We conclude that PET will be a useful method of evaluating vascular permeability changes after acute lung injury.« less

  14. Simultaneous acquisition of (99m)Tc- and (123)I-labeled radiotracers using a preclinical SPECT scanner with CZT detectors.

    PubMed

    Kobayashi, Masato; Matsunari, Ichiro; Nishi, Kodai; Mizutani, Asuka; Miyazaki, Yoshiharu; Ogai, Kazuhiro; Sugama, Jyunko; Shiba, Kazuhiro; Kawai, Keiichi; Kinuya, Seigo

    2016-05-01

    Simultaneous acquisition of (99m)Tc and (123)I was evaluated using a preclinical SPECT scanner with cadmium zinc telluride (CZT)-based detectors. 10-ml cylindrical syringes contained about 37 MBq (99m)Tc-tetrofosmin ((99m)Tc-TF) or 37 MBq (123)I-15-(p-iodophenyl)-3R,S-methyl pentadecanoic acid ((123)I-BMIPP) were used to assess the relationship between these SPECT radioactive counts and radioactivity. Two 10-ml syringes contained 100 or 300 MBq (99m)Tc-TF and 100 MBq (123)I-BMIPP to assess the influence of (99m)Tc upscatter and (123)I downscatter, respectively. A rat-sized cylindrical phantom also contained both 100 or 300 MBq (99m)Tc-TF and 100 MBq (123)I-BMIPP. The two 10-ml syringes and phantom were scanned using a pinhole collimator for rats. Myocardial infarction model rats were examined using 300 MBq (99m)Tc-TF and 100 MBq (123)I-BMIPP. Two 1-ml syringes contained 105 MBq (99m)Tc-labeled hexamethylpropyleneamine oxime ((99m)Tc-HMPAO) and 35 MBq (123)I-labeled N-ω-fluoropropyl-2β-carbomethoxy-3β-(4-iodophenyl) nortropane ((123)I-FP-CIT). The two 1-ml syringes were scanned using a pinhole collimator for mice. Normal mice were examined using 105 MBq (99m)Tc-HMPAO and 35 MBq (123)I-FP-CIT. The relationship between SPECT radioactive counts and radioactivity was excellent. Downscatter contamination of (123)I-BMIPP exhibited fewer radioactive counts for 300 MBq (99m)Tc-TF without scatter correction (SC) in 125-150 keV. There was no upscatter contamination of (99m)Tc-TF in 150-175 keV. In the rat-sized phantom, the radioactive count ratio decreased to 4.0 % for 300 MBq (99m)Tc-TF without SC in 125-150 keV. In the rats, myocardial images and radioactive counts of (99m)Tc-TF with the dual tracer were identical to those of the (99m)Tc-TF single injection. Downscatter contamination of (123)I-FP-CIT was 4.2 % without SC in 125-150 keV. In the first injection of (99m)Tc-HMPAO and second injection of (123)I-FP-CIT, brain images and radioactive counts

  15. Fetal radiation dose estimates for I-131 sodium iodide in cases where conception occurs after administration

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Sparks, R.B.; Stabin, M.G.

    1999-01-01

    After administration of I-131 to the female patient, the possibility of radiation exposure of the embryo/fetus exists if the patient becomes pregnant while radioiodine remains in the body. Fetal radiation dose estimates for such cases were calculated. Doses were calculated for various maternal thyroid uptakes and time intervals between administration and conception, including euthyroid and hyperthyroid cases. The maximum fetal dose calculating was about 9.8E-03 mGy/MBq, which occurred with 100% maternal thyroid uptake and a 1 week interval between administration and conception. Placental crossover of the small amount of radioiodine remaining 90 days after conception was also considered. Such crossovermore » could result in an additional fetal dose of 9.8E-05 mGy/MBq and a maximum fetal thyroid self dose of 3.5E-04 mGy/MBq.« less

  16. Iodine-131-meta-iodobenzylguanidine therapy for patients with newly diagnosed high-risk neuroblastoma.

    PubMed

    Kraal, Kathelijne Cjm; van Dalen, Elvira C; Tytgat, Godelieve Am; Van Eck-Smit, Berthe Lf

    2017-04-21

    Patients with newly diagnosed high-risk (HR) neuroblastoma (NBL) still have a poor outcome, despite multi-modality intensive therapy. This poor outcome necessitates the search for new therapies, such as treatment with 131 I-meta-iodobenzylguanidine ( 131 I-MIBG). To assess the efficacy and adverse effects of 131 I-MIBG therapy in patients with newly diagnosed HR NBL. We searched the following electronic databases: the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL; the Cochrane Library 2016, Issue 3), MEDLINE (PubMed) (1945 to 25 April 2016) and Embase (Ovid) (1980 to 25 April 2016). In addition, we handsearched reference lists of relevant articles and reviews. We also assessed the conference proceedings of the International Society for Paediatric Oncology, Advances in Neuroblastoma Research and the American Society of Clinical Oncology; all from 2010 up to and including 2015. We scanned the International Standard Randomized Controlled Trial Number (ISRCTN) Register (www.isrctn.com) and the National Institutes of Health Register for ongoing trials (www.clinicaltrials.gov) on 13 April 2016. Randomised controlled trials (RCTs), controlled clinical trials (CCTs), non-randomised single-arm trials with historical controls and cohort studies examining the efficacy of 131 I-MIBG therapy in 10 or more patients with newly diagnosed HR NBL. Two review authors independently performed the study selection, risk of bias assessment and data extraction. We identified two eligible cohort studies including 60 children with newly diagnosed HR NBL. All studies had methodological limitations, with regard to both internal (risk of bias) and external validity. As the studies were not comparable with regard to prognostic factors and treatment (and often used different outcome definitions), pooling of results was not possible. In one study, the objective response rate (ORR) was 73% after surgery; the median overall survival was 15 months (95% confidence interval (CI) 7 to 23

  17. 46 CFR 131.899 - Fire dampers.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Fire dampers. 131.899 Section 131.899 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OFFSHORE SUPPLY VESSELS OPERATIONS Markings for Fire Equipment and Emergency Equipment § 131.899 Fire dampers. Each fire damper installed within the boundary of...

  18. 10 CFR 600.131 - Insurance coverage.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... 10 Energy 4 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Insurance coverage. 600.131 Section 600.131 Energy... Nonprofit Organizations Post-Award Requirements § 600.131 Insurance coverage. Recipients shall, at a minimum, provide the equivalent insurance coverage for real property and equipment acquired with DOE funds as...

  19. [Vascular Calcification - Pathological Mechanism and Clinical Application - . Role of vascular smooth muscle cells in vascular calcification].

    PubMed

    Kurabayashi, Masahiko

    2015-05-01

    Vascular calcification is commonly seen with aging, chronic kidney disese (CKD), diabetes, and atherosclerosis, and is closely associated with cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Vascular calcification has long been regarded as the final stage of degeneration and necrosis of arterial wall and a passive, unregulated process. However, it is now known to be an active and tightly regulated process involved with phenotypic transition of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) that resembles bone mineralization. Briefly, calcium deposits of atherosclerotic plaque consist of hydroxyapatite and may appear identical to fully formed lamellar bone. By using a genetic fate mapping strategy, VSMC of the vascular media give rise to the majority of the osteochondrogenic precursor- and chondrocyte-like cells observed in the calcified arterial media of MGP (- / -) mice. Osteogenic differentiation of VSMC is characterized by the expression of bone-related molecules including bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) -2, Msx2 and osteopontin, which are produced by osteoblasts and chondrocytes. Our recent findings are that (i) Runx2 and Notch1 induce osteogenic differentiation, and (ii) advanced glycation end-product (AGE) /receptor for AGE (RAGE) and palmitic acid promote osteogenic differentiation of VSMC. To understand of the molecular mechanisms of vascular calcification is now under intensive research area.

  20. 46 CFR 131.730 - Shipboard stowage.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 4 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Shipboard stowage. 131.730 Section 131.730 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OFFSHORE SUPPLY VESSELS OPERATIONS Work Vests § 131.730 Shipboard stowage. The master shall ensure that no work vest is stowed where any lifejacket is...

  1. 46 CFR 131.730 - Shipboard stowage.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 4 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Shipboard stowage. 131.730 Section 131.730 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OFFSHORE SUPPLY VESSELS OPERATIONS Work Vests § 131.730 Shipboard stowage. The master shall ensure that no work vest is stowed where any lifejacket is...

  2. 46 CFR 131.730 - Shipboard stowage.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 4 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Shipboard stowage. 131.730 Section 131.730 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OFFSHORE SUPPLY VESSELS OPERATIONS Work Vests § 131.730 Shipboard stowage. The master shall ensure that no work vest is stowed where any lifejacket is...

  3. 46 CFR 131.730 - Shipboard stowage.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 4 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Shipboard stowage. 131.730 Section 131.730 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OFFSHORE SUPPLY VESSELS OPERATIONS Work Vests § 131.730 Shipboard stowage. The master shall ensure that no work vest is stowed where any lifejacket is...

  4. 46 CFR 131.730 - Shipboard stowage.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Shipboard stowage. 131.730 Section 131.730 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OFFSHORE SUPPLY VESSELS OPERATIONS Work Vests § 131.730 Shipboard stowage. The master shall ensure that no work vest is stowed where any lifejacket is...

  5. 49 CFR 383.131 - Test manuals.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... knowledge and skills test examiners. To be pre-approved by FMCSA, the examiner information manual must be... 49 Transportation 5 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Test manuals. 383.131 Section 383.131... STANDARDS; REQUIREMENTS AND PENALTIES Tests § 383.131 Test manuals. (a) Driver information manual. (1) A...

  6. 49 CFR 383.131 - Test manuals.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... knowledge and skills test examiners. To be pre-approved by FMCSA, the examiner information manual must be... 49 Transportation 5 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Test manuals. 383.131 Section 383.131... STANDARDS; REQUIREMENTS AND PENALTIES Tests § 383.131 Test manuals. (a) Driver information manual. (1) A...

  7. 49 CFR 383.131 - Test manuals.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... knowledge and skills test examiners. To be pre-approved by FMCSA, the examiner information manual must be... 49 Transportation 5 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Test manuals. 383.131 Section 383.131... STANDARDS; REQUIREMENTS AND PENALTIES Tests § 383.131 Test manuals. (a) Driver information manual. (1) A...

  8. Identifying removable radioactivity on the surface of cats during the first week after treatment with iodine 131.

    PubMed

    Chalmers, H J; Scrivani, Peter V; Dykes, Nathan L; Erb, Hollis N; Hobbs, J M; Hubble, Lorna J

    2006-01-01

    Because radioiodine (1-131) is excreted in urine and saliva, treated cats can accumulate I-131 on their coats from contacting soiled litter and grooming. This could result in removable radioactivity, which is a potential source of human exposure to radiation and specifically to internal contamination. The purpose of this study was to determine if there is removable radioactivity on cats treated with I-131. Daily wipe tests were performed for 7 days at two sites (both flanks, one site; and all four paws, one site) on six hyperthyroid cats treated with I-131. A y counter was used to determine the counts per minute (cpm) of the samples, which were converted to disintegrations per minute (dpm) to estimate activity. The results were compared to the New York State limits of removable activity for a non-controlled area (<1000dpm/100 cm2) to determine if the amount of removable activity was acceptable for a member of the public. The median value of removable activity was 241 dpm (range from 34 to 4184 dpm) for the flanks, and 308 dpm (range from 60 to 1890 dpm) for the paws. The amount of removable radioactivity on the surface of hospitalized cats treated with I-131 during the first week after treatment, occasionally and without obvious pattern, exceeded the New York State limit. Sporadic activity as high as 4148 dpm was found. It is prudent to advise owners to observe routine hygiene when handling cats after discharge to minimize the risk of internal contamination.

  9. Escherichia coli Sequence Type 131 (ST131) Subclone H30 as an Emergent Multidrug-Resistant Pathogen Among US Veterans

    PubMed Central

    Colpan, Aylin; Johnston, Brian; Porter, Stephen; Clabots, Connie; Anway, Ruth; Thao, Lao; Kuskowski, Michael A.; Tchesnokova, Veronika; Sokurenko, Evgeni V.; Johnson, James R.; Allen, Bradley L.; Baracco, Gio J.; Bedimo, Roger; Bessesen, Mary; Bonomo, Robert A.; Brecher, Stephen M.; Brown, Sheldon T.; Castellino, Laila; Desai, Arundhati S.; Fernau, Fletcher; Fisher, Mark A.; Fleckenstein, James; Fleming, Carol S.; Fries, Narla J.; Kan, Virginia L.; Kauffman, Carol A.; Klutts, Stacey; Ohl, Michael; Russo, Thomas; Swiatlo, Andrea; Swiatlo, Edwin

    2013-01-01

    Background. Escherichia coli sequence type 131 (ST131), typically fluoroquinolone-resistant (FQ-R) and/or extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)–producing, has emerged globally. We assessed its prevalence and characteristics among US veterans. Methods. In 2011, 595 de-identified E. coli clinical isolates were collected systematically within 3 resistance groups (FQ-susceptible [FQ-S], FQ-R, and ESBL-producing) from 24 nationally distributed Veterans Affairs Medical Centers (VAMCs). ST131 and its H30 subclone were detected by polymerase chain reaction and compared with other E. coli for molecular traits, source, and resistance profiles. Results. ST131 accounted for 78% (184/236) of FQ-R and 64.2% (79/123) of ESBL-producing isolates, but only 7.2% (17/236) of FQ-S isolates (P < .001). The H30 subclone accounted for ≥95% of FQ-R and ESBL-producing, but only 12.5% of FQ-S, ST131 isolates (P < .001). By back-calculation, 28% of VAMC E. coli isolates nationally represented ST131. Overall, ST131 varied minimally in prevalence by specimen type, inpatient/outpatient source, or locale; was the most prevalent ST, followed distantly by ST95 and ST12 (13% each); and accounted for ≥40% (β-lactams), >50% (trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole , multidrug), or >70% (ciprofloxacin, gentamicin) of total antimicrobial resistance. FQ-R and ESBL-producing ST131 isolates had higher virulence scores than corresponding non-ST131 isolates. ST131 pulsotypes overlapped extensively among VAMCs. Conclusions. Among US veterans, ST131, primarily its H30 subclone, accounts for most antimicrobial-resistant E. coli and is the dominant E. coli strain overall. Possible contributors include multidrug resistance, extensive virulence gene content, and ongoing transmission. Focused attention to ST131, especially its H30 subclone, could reduce infection-related morbidity, mortality, and costs among veterans. PMID:23926176

  10. Correlation of 125I-LSD autoradiographic labeling with serotonin voltage clamp responses in Aplysia neurons

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Evans, M.L.; Kadan, M.J.; Hartig, P.R.

    Autoradiographic receptor binding studies using 125I-LSD (2-(125I)lysergic acid diethyamide) revealed intense labelling on the soma of a symmetrically located pair of cells in the abdominal ganglion of Aplysia californica. This binding was blocked by micromolar concentrations of serotonin and lower concentrations of the serotonergic antagonists, cyproheptadine and mianserin. Electrophysiological investigation of responses to serotonin of neurons in the left upper quadrant, where one of the labeled neurons is located, revealed a range of serotonin responses. Cells L3 and L6 have a K+ conductance increase in response to serotonin that is not blocked by cyproheptadine or mianserin. Cells L2 and L4more » have a biphasic response to serotonin: a Na+ conductance increase, which can be blocked by cyproheptadine and mianserin, followed by a voltage dependent Ca2+ conductance which is blocked by Co2+ but not the serotonergic antagonists. Cell L1, and its symmetrical pair, R1, have in addition to the Na+ and Ca2+ responses observed in L2 and L4, a Cl- conductance increase blocked by LSD, cyproheptadine and mianserin. LSD had little effect on the other responses. The authors conclude that the symmetrically located cells L1 and R1 have a Cl- channel linked to a cyproheptadine- and mianserin-sensitive serotonin receptor that is selectively labelled by 125I-LSD. This receptor has many properties in common with the mammalian serotonin 1C receptor.« less

  11. Effects of iodine-131 radiotherapy on Th17/Tc17 and Treg/Th17 cells of patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma.

    PubMed

    Zhang, Lixia; Chen, Jinyan; Xu, Caiyun; Qi, Lili; Ren, Yan

    2018-03-01

    T helper 17 (Th17), T cytotoxic 17 (Tc17) and regulatory T (Treg) cells serve important roles in a number of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. The aim of the present study was to examine the distribution of Th17, Tc17 and Treg cells in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) prior to as well as 7, 30 and 90 days following radioactive iodine-131 ( 131 I) therapy, and to elucidate the probable effects of 131 I therapy on Th17/Tc17 and Treg/Th17 cells in patients with DTC. A total of 40 patients with DTC (26 female; 14 male) between the ages of 24 and 72 years, as well as 13 age- and sex-matched healthy subjects were included in this study. The number of Th17, Tc17 and Treg cells in the peripheral blood of patients with DTC and of healthy Controls were assessed by flow cytometry. Th17 and Tc17 cells were counted as percentages of the number of CD3 + T cells; Treg cells were counted as a percentage of the number of CD4 + T cells. In addition, the serum levels of interleukin (IL)-17, IL-23, IL-10 and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 were examined by ELISA. The frequencies of Th17, Tc17 and Treg cells, as well as the serum levels of IL-17, IL-23, IL-10 and TGF-β1 were significantly elevated in patients with DTC compared with healthy Controls, whereas 131 I therapy significantly decreased them. In addition, elevated Th17/Tc17 ratio and reduced Treg/Th17 ratio were observed in patients with DTC at day 0, however, these ratios returned to normal levels following 131 I therapy for 90 days as compared with healthy Controls. Notably, Th17/Tc17 and Treg/Th17 ratios varied following 131 I therapy for 7 and 30 days. In addition, a strong positive correlation between Th17 and Tc17 cells was observed in the healthy Controls and patients with DTC that received 131 I treatment for 90 days, whereas a weak positive correlation between Th17 and Treg cell levels was identified in the healthy Controls and no obvious correlation between Th17 and Treg cells was observed

  12. Angiogenesis and Vascular Architecture in Pheochromocytomas

    PubMed Central

    Favier, Judith; Plouin, Pierre-François; Corvol, Pierre; Gasc, Jean-Marie

    2002-01-01

    Angiogenesis is a critical step in tumor growth and metastatic invasion. We here report the study of the vascular status of 10 benign and 9 malignant pheochromocytomas. We examined the vascular architecture after immunostaining endothelial cells (CD34) and vascular smooth muscle cells (α-actin) and identified a vascular pattern characteristic of malignant lesions. To define a gene expression profile indicative of the invasive phenotype, we studied by in situ hybridization the expression of genes encoding several pro- and anti-angiogenic factors [hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF-1α), EPAS1, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), VEGF receptors, angiopoietins and their receptor Tie2, five genes of the endothelin system, and thrombospondin 1]. A semiquantitative evaluation of the labeling revealed an induction of genes encoding EPAS1, VEGF, VEGFR-1, VEGFR-2, endothelin receptor, type B (ETB) and endothelin receptor, type A (ETA) in malignant pheochromocytomas as compared to benign tumors. These differences were observed in tumor cells, in endothelial cells, or in both. Quantification by real-time reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction showed an increase of EPAS1, VEGF, and ETB transcripts of 4.5-, 3.5-, and 10-fold, respectively, in malignant versus benign tumors. Furthermore, we observed a strong correlation between the expression of EPAS1 and VEGF in tumoral tissue and between EPAS1 and ETB in endothelial cells. Altogether, our observations show that analysis of angiogenesis provides promising new criteria for the diagnosis of malignant pheochromocytomas. PMID:12368197

  13. Comparing cerebrovascular reactivity measured using BOLD and cerebral blood flow MRI: The effect of basal vascular tension on vasodilatory and vasoconstrictive reactivity

    PubMed Central

    Halani, Sheliza; Kwinta, Jonathan B.; Golestani, Ali M.; Khatamian, Yasha B.; Chen, J. Jean

    2016-01-01

    Cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR) is an important metric of cerebrovascular health. While the BOLD fMRI method in conjunction with carbon-dioxide (CO2) based vascular manipulation has been the most commonly used, the BOLD signal is not a direct measure of vascular changes, and the use of arterial-spin labeling (ASL) cerebral blood flow (CBF) imaging is increasingly advocated. Nonetheless, given the differing dependencies of BOLD and CBF on vascular baseline conditions and the diverse CO2 manipulation types currently used in the literature, knowledge of potential biases introduced by each technique is critical for the interpretation of CVR measurements. In this work, we use simultaneous BOLD-CBF acquisitions during both vasodilatory (hypercapnic) and vasoconstrictive (hypocapnic) stimuli to measure CVR. We further imposed different levels of baseline vascular tension by inducing hypercapnic and hypocapnic baselines, separately from normocapnia by 4 mm Hg. We saw significant and diverse dependencies on vascular stimulus and baseline condition in both BOLD and CBF CVR measurements: (i) BOLD-based CVR is more sensitive to basal vascular tension than CBF-based CVR; (ii) the use of a combination of vasodilatory and vasoconstrictive stimuli maximizes the sensitivity of CBF-based CVR to vascular tension changes; (iii) the BOLD and CBF vascular response delays are both significantly lengthened at predilated baseline. As vascular tension can often be altered by potential pathology, our findings are important considerations when interpreting CVR measurements in health and disease. PMID:25655446

  14. Brain vascular pericytes following ischemia have multipotential stem cell activity to differentiate into neural and vascular lineage cells.

    PubMed

    Nakagomi, Takayuki; Kubo, Shuji; Nakano-Doi, Akiko; Sakuma, Rika; Lu, Shan; Narita, Aya; Kawahara, Maiko; Taguchi, Akihiko; Matsuyama, Tomohiro

    2015-06-01

    Brain vascular pericytes (PCs) are a key component of the blood-brain barrier (BBB)/neurovascular unit, along with neural and endothelial cells. Besides their crucial role in maintaining the BBB, increasing evidence shows that PCs have multipotential stem cell activity. However, their multipotency has not been considered in the pathological brain, such as after an ischemic stroke. Here, we examined whether brain vascular PCs following ischemia (iPCs) have multipotential stem cell activity and differentiate into neural and vascular lineage cells to reconstruct the BBB/neurovascular unit. Using PCs extracted from ischemic regions (iPCs) from mouse brains and human brain PCs cultured under oxygen/glucose deprivation, we show that PCs developed stemness presumably through reprogramming. The iPCs revealed a complex phenotype of angioblasts, in addition to their original mesenchymal properties, and multidifferentiated into cells from both a neural and vascular lineage. These data indicate that under ischemic/hypoxic conditions, PCs can acquire multipotential stem cell activity and can differentiate into major components of the BBB/neurovascular unit. Thus, these findings support the novel concept that iPCs can contribute to both neurogenesis and vasculogenesis at the site of brain injuries. © 2015 AlphaMed Press.

  15. Conformational Properties of Seven Toac-Labeled Angiotensin I Analogues Correlate with Their Muscle Contraction Activity and Their Ability to Act as ACE Substrates.

    PubMed

    Teixeira, Luis Gustavo D; Malavolta, Luciana; Bersanetti, Patrícia A; Schreier, Shirley; Carmona, Adriana K; Nakaie, Clovis R

    2015-01-01

    Conformational properties of the angiotensin II precursor, angiotensin I (AngI) and analogues containing the paramagnetic amino acid TOAC (2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl-4-amino-4-carboxylic acid) at positions 0, 1, 3, 5, 8, 9, and 10, were examined by EPR, CD, and fluorescence. The conformational data were correlated to their activity in muscle contraction experiments and to their properties as substrates of the angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE). Biological activity studies indicated that TOAC0-AngI and TOAC1-AngI maintained partial potency in guinea pig ileum and rat uterus. Kinetic parameters revealed that only derivatives labeled closer to the N-terminus (positions 0, 1, 3, and 5) were hydrolyzed by ACE, indicating that peptides bearing the TOAC moiety far from the ACE cleavage site (Phe8-His9 peptide bond) were susceptible to hydrolysis, albeit less effectively than the parent compound. CD spectra indicated that AngI exhibited a flexible structure resulting from equilibrium between different conformers. While the conformation of N-terminally-labeled derivatives was similar to that of the native peptide, a greater propensity to acquire folded structures was observed for internally-labeled, as well as C-terminally labeled, analogues. These structures were stabilized in secondary structure-inducing agent, TFE. Different analogues gave rise to different β-turns. EPR spectra in aqueous solution also distinguished between N-terminally, internally-, and C-terminally labeled peptides, yielding narrower lines, indicative of greater mobility for the former. Interestingly, the spectra of peptides labeled at, or close, to the C-terminus, showed that the motion in this part of the peptides was intermediate between that of N-terminally and internally-labeled peptides, in agreement with the suggestion of turn formation provided by the CD spectra. Quenching of the Tyr4 fluorescence by the differently positioned TOAC residues corroborated the data obtained by the

  16. Conformational Properties of Seven Toac-Labeled Angiotensin I Analogues Correlate with Their Muscle Contraction Activity and Their Ability to Act as ACE Substrates

    PubMed Central

    Teixeira, Luis Gustavo D.; Malavolta, Luciana; Bersanetti, Patrícia A.; Schreier, Shirley; Carmona, Adriana K.; Nakaie, Clovis R.

    2015-01-01

    Conformational properties of the angiotensin II precursor, angiotensin I (AngI) and analogues containing the paramagnetic amino acid TOAC (2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl-4-amino-4-carboxylic acid) at positions 0, 1, 3, 5, 8, 9, and 10, were examined by EPR, CD, and fluorescence. The conformational data were correlated to their activity in muscle contraction experiments and to their properties as substrates of the angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE). Biological activity studies indicated that TOAC0-AngI and TOAC1-AngI maintained partial potency in guinea pig ileum and rat uterus. Kinetic parameters revealed that only derivatives labeled closer to the N-terminus (positions 0, 1, 3, and 5) were hydrolyzed by ACE, indicating that peptides bearing the TOAC moiety far from the ACE cleavage site (Phe8-His9 peptide bond) were susceptible to hydrolysis, albeit less effectively than the parent compound. CD spectra indicated that AngI exhibited a flexible structure resulting from equilibrium between different conformers. While the conformation of N-terminally-labeled derivatives was similar to that of the native peptide, a greater propensity to acquire folded structures was observed for internally-labeled, as well as C-terminally labeled, analogues. These structures were stabilized in secondary structure-inducing agent, TFE. Different analogues gave rise to different β-turns. EPR spectra in aqueous solution also distinguished between N-terminally, internally-, and C-terminally labeled peptides, yielding narrower lines, indicative of greater mobility for the former. Interestingly, the spectra of peptides labeled at, or close, to the C-terminus, showed that the motion in this part of the peptides was intermediate between that of N-terminally and internally-labeled peptides, in agreement with the suggestion of turn formation provided by the CD spectra. Quenching of the Tyr4 fluorescence by the differently positioned TOAC residues corroborated the data obtained by the

  17. Clinical determinants of fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography in differentiated thyroid cancer patients with elevated thyroglobulin and negative (131)iodine whole body scans after (131)iodine therapy.

    PubMed

    Shamim, Syed Ejaz; Nang, Lee Boon; Shuaib, Ibrahim Lutfi; Muhamad, Nor Asiah

    2014-05-01

    A cross-sectional prospective study has been conducted on differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) patients using negative (131)Iodine ((131)I) whole body scans and elevated thyroglobulin (Tg) levels. The main objective of this research was to determine the prevalence of the conversion of differentiated to dedifferentiated thyroid cancer patients during follow up at the Hospital Kuala Lumpur. It has been demonstrated that fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) uptake is inversely proportional to the iodine concentration and to differentiation of the cells. Thirty-five patients with histologically proven DTC that have undergone total or near total thyroidectomy, and post (131)I radioactive iodine ablation therapy, were selected and prospectively analysed. The patients also had to show at least one negative whole body scan and Tg levels of 10 μg/L and above. The results of the FDG-Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography (PET/CT) were then studied to determine the association and the predictors influencing the outcome by using univariable and multivariable analyses. Out of the thirty-five patients, 60% of them (twenty-one) showed positive results and 40% (fourteen) showed negative. Age, gender, and type of histopathology (HPE) showed significant associations with the positive results of the FDG-PET/CT. The results also showed no correlations observed between the Tg levels and standardised uptake value (SUV)max in the DTC patients with positive disease findings in the FDG-PET/CT. The predictor for this study was age. The prevalence of the conversion of differentiated to dedifferentiated thyroid cancer among patients with negative (131)I and elevated Tg was 60%, with age as the predictor. DTC patients aged 45 year-old and older were seven times more likely to have positive results of FDG-PET/CT imaging.

  18. Clinical Determinants of Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography in Differentiated Thyroid Cancer Patients with Elevated Thyroglobulin and Negative 131Iodine Whole Body Scans after 131Iodine Therapy

    PubMed Central

    SHAMIM, Syed Ejaz; NANG, Lee Boon; SHUAIB, Ibrahim Lutfi; MUHAMAD, Nor Asiah

    2014-01-01

    Background: A cross-sectional prospective study has been conducted on differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) patients using negative 131Iodine (131I) whole body scans and elevated thyroglobulin (Tg) levels. The main objective of this research was to determine the prevalence of the conversion of differentiated to dedifferentiated thyroid cancer patients during follow up at the Hospital Kuala Lumpur. It has been demonstrated that fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) uptake is inversely proportional to the iodine concentration and to differentiation of the cells. Methods: Thirty-five patients with histologically proven DTC that have undergone total or near total thyroidectomy, and post 131I radioactive iodine ablation therapy, were selected and prospectively analysed. The patients also had to show at least one negative whole body scan and Tg levels of 10 μg/L and above. The results of the FDG-Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography (PET/CT) were then studied to determine the association and the predictors influencing the outcome by using univariable and multivariable analyses. Results: Out of the thirty-five patients, 60% of them (twenty-one) showed positive results and 40% (fourteen) showed negative. Age, gender, and type of histopathology (HPE) showed significant associations with the positive results of the FDG-PET/CT. The results also showed no correlations observed between the Tg levels and standardised uptake value (SUV)max in the DTC patients with positive disease findings in the FDG-PET/CT. The predictor for this study was age. Conclusion: The prevalence of the conversion of differentiated to dedifferentiated thyroid cancer among patients with negative 131I and elevated Tg was 60%, with age as the predictor. DTC patients aged 45 year-old and older were seven times more likely to have positive results of FDG-PET/CT imaging. PMID:25246834

  19. Quantification of the fate of dietary fiber in humans by a newly developed radiolabeled fiber marker.

    PubMed

    Carryer, P W; Brown, M I; Malagelada, J R; Carlson, G L; McCall, J T

    1982-06-01

    A radiolabeled cellulose (131I-fiber) that retains the essential physical and chemical properties of this class of fiber was developed in our laboratory. We quantified the fate of orally ingested 131I-fiber in healthy individuals by external gamma camera monitoring and fecal collections. The marker passes virtually intact through the human gastrointestinal tract with negligible release and absorption of the label in the gut. Comparison of the gastric emptying rate of 131I-fiber with that of a predominantly aqueous marker, 99mTc-diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid (99mTc-DTPA), showed that 131I-fiber strands were evacuated more slowly than intragastric fluids. An important finding was that some 131I-fiber emptying occurred during most time periods, even before liquids were completely evacuated. This suggests that the human stomach is able to empty simultaneously liquids and fiber strands (1-15 mm in length) that are resistant to grinding by antral mechanical forces and to digestion by acid-peptic secretion. Thus, some nondigestible solids may be emptied with the bulk of a meal, although at a slower rate. 131I-Fiber may be a useful marker for quantifying gastric emptying of nondigestible solids. Further, the stability of 131I-fiber in the gut, as opposed to most other physiologic solid labels, should enable future investigation of intestinal and colonic transit of fiber, which is an important component of the human diet.

  20. Cholinergic chemosensory cells of the thymic medulla express the bitter receptor Tas2r131.

    PubMed

    Soultanova, Aichurek; Voigt, Anja; Chubanov, Vladimir; Gudermann, Thomas; Meyerhof, Wolfgang; Boehm, Ulrich; Kummer, Wolfgang

    2015-11-01

    The thymus is the site of T cell maturation which includes positive selection in the cortex and negative selection in the medulla. Acetylcholine is locally produced in the thymus and cholinergic signaling influences the T cell development. We recently described a distinct subset of medullary epithelial cells in the murine thymus which express the acetylcholine-synthesizing enzyme choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) and components of the canonical taste transduction cascade, i.e. transient receptor potential melastatin-like subtype 5 channel (TRPM5), phospholipase Cβ(2), and Gα-gustducin. Such a chemical phenotype is characteristic for chemosensory cells of mucosal surfaces which utilize bitter receptors for detection of potentially hazardous compounds and cholinergic signaling to initiate avoidance reflexes. We here demonstrate mRNA expression of bitter receptors Tas2r105, Tas2r108, and Tas2r131 in the murine thymus. Using a Tas2r131-tauGFP reporter mouse we localized the expression of this receptor to cholinergic cells expressing the downstream elements of the taste transduction pathway. These cells are distinct from the medullary thymic epithelial cells which promiscuously express tissue-restricted self-antigens during the process of negative selection, since double-labeling immunofluorescence showed no colocalization of autoimmune regulator (AIRE), the key mediator of negative selection, and TRPM5. These data demonstrate the presence of bitter taste-sensing signaling in cholinergic epithelial cells in the thymic medulla and opens a discussion as to what is the physiological role of this pathway. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  1. Are Luxury Brand Labels and "Green" Labels Costly Signals of Social Status? An Extended Replication.

    PubMed

    Berger, Joël

    2017-01-01

    Costly signaling theory provides an explanation for why humans are willing to a pay a premium for conspicuous products such as luxury brand-labeled clothing or conspicuous environmentally friendly cars. According to the theory, the extra cost of such products is a signal of social status and wealth and leads to advantages in social interactions for the signaler. A previous study found positive evidence for the case of luxury brand labels. However, an issue of this study was that some of the experiments were not conducted in a perfectly double-blind manner. I resolved this by replicating variations of the original design in a double-blind procedure. Additionally, besides the luxury label condition, I introduced a "green" label condition. Thus, the hypothesis that signaling theory is able to explain pro-environmental behavior was tested for the first time in a natural field setting. Further, I conducted experiments in both average and below-average socioeconomic neighborhoods, where, according to signaling theory, the effects of luxury signals should be even stronger. In contrast to the original study, I did not find positive effects of the luxury brand label in any of the five experiments. Nor did I find evidence for a green-signaling effect. Moreover, in poor neighborhoods a negative tendency of the luxury label actually became evident. This suggests that a signaling theory explanation of costly labels must take into account the characteristics of the observers, e.g. their social status.

  2. Iodine-131 for therapy of thyroid diseases. Physical and biological basis.

    PubMed

    Wyszomirska, Anna

    2012-08-28

    Iodine-131 is successfully used in the treatment of hyperthyroidism and differentiated thyroid cancer. Thyroid is the critical organ for iodine. Iodine is taken up by the thyroid follicular cells. Radioactive isotope iodine-131 simultaneously emits two types of radiation: radiation beta minus (β-) used for the treatment and gamma (γ) used for diagnosis. Due to the penetration of beta particles in tissue, damaging effect of β-radiation is restricted to thyroid cells. In this article, characteristic of iodine-131, mechanism of action and mechanism of tissue damage is presented. HIGH energy γ-ray emission, contributes to the dose of both: patient's body and the personnel. In accordance with the principles of radiation protection, reducing exposure to ionizing radiation should be achieved by: use of proper shieldings, organization of work, appropriate distance from the radiation source and reducing the time of exposure. Treatment with I-131, depending on medical indications, may be carried out on stationary or outpatient basis. All activities conducted in the exposure to radiation must comply with the principles of radiation protection, in accordance with the applicable regulations, that are also presented in this article.

  3. The removal of particle-reactive radionuclides in shallow water: Bottom scavenging versus particle settling of iodine-131 and beryllium-7.

    PubMed

    Montenero, Michael P; Dilbone, Elizabeth K; Waples, James T

    2017-10-01

    In pelagic waters, the removal of particle-reactive radionuclides is controlled by nuclide sorption to particles and subsequent settling by gravity. However, in shallow nearshore waters, the dominant mechanism of nuclide scavenging is not so clear. Understanding how particle-reactive radionuclides are scavenged from the water column is critical if these tracers are to be used as proxies of particle flux in shallow aquatic systems. In this study, we present evidence that the removal of particle-reactive radionuclides in nearshore and turbulent waters is primarily controlled by bottom scavenging. Specifically, we measured both water column and bottom sediment activities of sewage-sourced iodine-131 ( 131 I, t ½ = 8.02 days) and atmospherically-sourced beryllium-7 ( 7 Be, t ½ = 53.3 days) in a semi-enclosed harbor. We show that the water column 7 Be/ 131 I flux ratio that is required to sustain observed harbor bottom inventories of both nuclides is incongruent with 7 Be/ 131 I activity ratios on water column particles, and (2) 131 I and 7 Be derived mass fluxes of particulate matter to the harbor bottom are in concordance with each other and independently made estimates of river sediment loading to the harbor only when bottom scavenging of both particle-bound and dissolved (<0.7 μm) nuclide fractions are considered. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  4. 7 CFR 1956.131-1956.135 - [Reserved

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 14 2010-01-01 2009-01-01 true [Reserved] 1956.131-1956.135 Section 1956.131-1956.135...) PROGRAM REGULATIONS (CONTINUED) DEBT SETTLEMENT Debt Settlement-Community and Business Programs §§ 1956.131-1956.135 [Reserved] ...

  5. 123I-FP-CIT SPECT imaging in early diagnosis of dementia in patients with and without a vascular component

    PubMed Central

    Garriga, Marina; Milà, Marta; Mir, Manzoor; Al-Baradie, Raid; Huertas, Sonia; Castejon, Cesar; Casas, Laura; Badenes, Dolors; Giménez, Nuria; Font, M. Angels; Gonzalez, Jose M.; Ysamat, Maria; Aguilar, Miguel; Slevin, Mark; Krupinski, Jerzy

    2015-01-01

    Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and vascular dementia (VaD) are the most common cause of dementia. Cerebral ischemia is a major risk factor for development of dementia. 123I-FP-CIT SPECT (DaTScan) is a complementary tool in the differential diagnoses of patients with incomplete or uncertain Parkinsonism. Additional application of DaTScan enables the categorization of Parkinsonian disease with dementia (PDD), and its differentiation from pure AD, and may further contribute to change the therapeutic decision. The aim of this study was to analyze the vascular contribution towards dementia and mild cognitive impairment (MCI). We evaluated the utility of DaTScan for the early diagnosis of dementia in patients with and without a clinical vascular component, and the association between neuropsychological function, vascular component and dopaminergic function on DaTScan. One-hundred and five patients with MCI or the initial phases of dementia were studied prospectively. We developed an initial assessment using neurologic examination, blood tests, cognitive function tests, structural neuroimaging and DaTScan. The vascular component was later quantified in two ways: clinically, according to the Framingham Risk Score (FRS) and by structural neuroimaging using Wahlund Scale Total Score (WSTS). Early diagnosis of dementia was associated with an abnormal DaTScan. A significant association was found between a high WSTS and an abnormal DaTScan (p < 0.01). Mixed AD was the group with the highest vascular component, followed by the VaD group, while MCI and pure AD showed similar WSTS. No significant associations were found between neuropsychological impairment and DaTScan independently of associated vascular component. DaTScan seems to be a good tool to discriminate, in a first clinical assessment, patients with MCI from those with established dementia. There was bigger general vascular affectation observable in MRI or CT in patients with abnormal dopaminergic uptake seen on Da

  6. 32 CFR 1906.131-1906.139 - [Reserved

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... 32 National Defense 6 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false [Reserved] 1906.131-1906.139 Section 1906.131-1906.139 National Defense Other Regulations Relating to National Defense CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY... INTELLIGENCE AGENCY §§ 1906.131-1906.139 [Reserved] ...

  7. 32 CFR 1906.131-1906.139 - [Reserved

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... 32 National Defense 6 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false [Reserved] 1906.131-1906.139 Section 1906.131-1906.139 National Defense Other Regulations Relating to National Defense CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY... INTELLIGENCE AGENCY §§ 1906.131-1906.139 [Reserved] ...

  8. 32 CFR 1906.131-1906.139 - [Reserved

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 32 National Defense 6 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false [Reserved] 1906.131-1906.139 Section 1906.131-1906.139 National Defense Other Regulations Relating to National Defense CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY... INTELLIGENCE AGENCY §§ 1906.131-1906.139 [Reserved] ...

  9. 32 CFR 1906.131-1906.139 - [Reserved

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 32 National Defense 6 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false [Reserved] 1906.131-1906.139 Section 1906.131-1906.139 National Defense Other Regulations Relating to National Defense CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY... INTELLIGENCE AGENCY §§ 1906.131-1906.139 [Reserved] ...

  10. 32 CFR 1906.131-1906.139 - [Reserved

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... 32 National Defense 6 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false [Reserved] 1906.131-1906.139 Section 1906.131-1906.139 National Defense Other Regulations Relating to National Defense CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY... INTELLIGENCE AGENCY §§ 1906.131-1906.139 [Reserved] ...

  11. STS-131 Hatch Opening

    NASA Image and Video Library

    2010-04-07

    ISS023-E-020629 (7 April 2010) --- Russian cosmonaut Oleg Kotov (far left), Expedition 23 commander, prepares to greet the STS-131 crew as it comes aboard the International Space Station to spend several days in a number of busy joint activities for the two crews. Seen clearly in the hatch are astronaut Alan Poindexter, STS-131 commander, and Japan Aerospace Agency astronaut Naoko Yamazaki, mission specialist.

  12. 7 CFR 966.131 - Investigations.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 8 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Investigations. 966.131 Section 966.131 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (Marketing Agreements and Orders; Fruits, Vegetables, Nuts), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE TOMATOES GROWN IN FLORIDA Rules and...

  13. Human vascular renin-angiotensin system and its functional changes in relation to different sodium intakes.

    PubMed

    Boddi, M; Poggesi, L; Coppo, M; Zarone, N; Sacchi, S; Tania, C; Neri Serneri, G G

    1998-03-01

    A growing body of evidence supports the existence of a tissue-based renin-angiotensin system (RAS) in the vasculature, but the functional capacity of vascular RAS was not investigated in humans. In 28 normotensive healthy control subjects, the metabolism of angiotensins through vascular tissue was investigated in normal, low, and high sodium diets by the measurement of arterial-venous gradient of endogenous angiotensin (Ang) I and Ang II in two different vascular beds (forearm and leg), combined with the study of 125I-Ang I and 125I-Ang II kinetics. In normal sodium diet subjects, forearm vascular tissue extracted 36+/-6% of 125I-Ang I and 30+/-5% of 125I-Ang II and added 14.9+/-5.1 fmol x 100 mL(-1) x min(-1) of de novo formed Ang I and 6.2+/-2.8 fmol x 100 mL(-1) x min(-1) of Ang II to antecubital venous blood. Fractional conversion of 125I-Ang I through forearm vascular tissue was about 12%. Low sodium diet increased (P<.01) plasma renin activity, whereas de novo Ang I and Ang II formation by forearm vascular tissue became undetectable. Angiotensin degradation (33+/-7% for Ang I and 30+/-7% for Ang II) was unchanged, and vascular fractional conversion of 125I-Ang I decreased from 12% to 6% (P<.01). In high sodium diet subjects, plasma renin activity decreased, and de novo Ang I and Ang II formation by forearm vascular tissue increased to 22 and 14 fmol x 100 mL(-1) x min(-1), respectively (P<.01). Angiotensin degradation did not significantly change, whereas fractional conversion of 125I-Ang I increased from 12% to 20% (P<.01). Leg vascular tissue functional activities of RAS paralleled those of forearm vascular tissue both at baseline and during different sodium intake. These results provide consistent evidence for the existence of a functional tissue-based RAS in vascular tissue of humans. The opposite changes of plasma renin activity and vascular angiotensin formation indicate that vascular RAS is independent from but related to circulating RAS.

  14. 19 CFR 201.131-201.139 - [Reserved

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... 19 Customs Duties 3 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false [Reserved] 201.131-201.139 Section 201.131-201.139 Customs Duties UNITED STATES INTERNATIONAL TRADE COMMISSION GENERAL RULES OF GENERAL APPLICATION.... International Trade Commission §§ 201.131-201.139 [Reserved] ...

  15. 19 CFR 201.131-201.139 - [Reserved

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... 19 Customs Duties 3 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false [Reserved] 201.131-201.139 Section 201.131-201.139 Customs Duties UNITED STATES INTERNATIONAL TRADE COMMISSION GENERAL RULES OF GENERAL APPLICATION.... International Trade Commission §§ 201.131-201.139 [Reserved] ...

  16. 19 CFR 201.131-201.139 - [Reserved

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... 19 Customs Duties 3 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false [Reserved] 201.131-201.139 Section 201.131-201.139 Customs Duties UNITED STATES INTERNATIONAL TRADE COMMISSION GENERAL RULES OF GENERAL APPLICATION.... International Trade Commission §§ 201.131-201.139 [Reserved] ...

  17. 19 CFR 201.131-201.139 - [Reserved

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... 19 Customs Duties 3 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false [Reserved] 201.131-201.139 Section 201.131-201.139 Customs Duties UNITED STATES INTERNATIONAL TRADE COMMISSION GENERAL RULES OF GENERAL APPLICATION.... International Trade Commission §§ 201.131-201.139 [Reserved] ...

  18. 19 CFR 201.131-201.139 - [Reserved

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... 19 Customs Duties 3 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false [Reserved] 201.131-201.139 Section 201.131-201.139 Customs Duties UNITED STATES INTERNATIONAL TRADE COMMISSION GENERAL RULES OF GENERAL APPLICATION.... International Trade Commission §§ 201.131-201.139 [Reserved] ...

  19. 45 CFR 2301.131-2301.139 - [Reserved

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... 45 Public Welfare 4 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false [Reserved] 2301.131-2301.139 Section 2301.131-2301.139 Public Welfare Regulations Relating to Public Welfare (Continued) ARCTIC RESEARCH COMMISSION... STATES ARCTIC RESEARCH COMMISSION §§ 2301.131-2301.139 [Reserved] ...

  20. 45 CFR 2301.131-2301.139 - [Reserved

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 45 Public Welfare 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false [Reserved] 2301.131-2301.139 Section 2301.131-2301.139 Public Welfare Regulations Relating to Public Welfare (Continued) ARCTIC RESEARCH COMMISSION... STATES ARCTIC RESEARCH COMMISSION §§ 2301.131-2301.139 [Reserved] ...