The Extrapolation of High Altitude Solar Cell I(V) Characteristics to AM0

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Snyder, David B.; Scheiman, David A.; Jenkins, Phillip P.; Reinke, William; Blankenship, Kurt; Demers, James

2007-01-01

The high altitude aircraft method has been used at NASA GRC since the early 1960's to calibrate solar cell short circuit current, ISC, to Air Mass Zero (AMO). This method extrapolates ISC to AM0 via the Langley plot method, a logarithmic extrapolation to 0 air mass, and includes corrections for the varying Earth-Sun distance to 1.0 AU and compensating for the non-uniform ozone distribution in the atmosphere. However, other characteristics of the solar cell I(V) curve do not extrapolate in the same way. Another approach is needed to extrapolate VOC and the maximum power point (PMAX) to AM0 illumination. As part of the high altitude aircraft method, VOC and PMAX can be obtained as ISC changes during the flight. These values can then the extrapolated, sometimes interpolated, to the ISC(AM0) value. This approach should be valid as long as the shape of the solar spectra in the stratosphere does not change too much from AMO. As a feasibility check, the results are compared to AMO I(V) curves obtained using the NASA GRC X25 based multi-source simulator. This paper investigates the approach on both multi-junction solar cells and sub-cells.

I-V Characteristics vs. Spatial Dissipation Maps in YBCO Grain Boundary on Bicrystal Substrates

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kwon, Chuhee; Yamamoto, Megumi; Pottish, Samuel; Haugan, Timothy; Barnes, Paul

2008-03-01

Grain boundary (GB) properties of YBCO films on SrTiO3 bicrystal substrates with 24 degree misorientations are examined by transport and scanning laser microscopy (SLM) techniques. Thermoelectric SLM clearly shows the location of grain boundaries, and variable temperature SLM confirms that GB has lower Tc. A series of I-V measured in superconducting states exhibit clear step-like features identified in earlier papers as sub-gap structures. The low temperature SLM shows a close relation between the step-like features and the local dissipation pattern in GB. We believe that the activation of Fiske steps is responsible for the step-like I-V, and SLM images show the spatial pattern of the self-excited resonance in GB. We will also discuss how Ca-doping and nanoparticle additions on YBCO affect the junction properties.

Room temperature current-voltage (I-V) characteristics of Ag/InGaN/n-Si Schottky barrier diode

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Erdoğan, Erman; Kundakçı, Mutlu

2017-02-01

Metal-semiconductors (MSs) or Schottky barrier diodes (SBDs) have a significant potential in the integrated device technology. In the present paper, electrical characterization of Ag/InGaN/n-Si Schottky diode have been systematically carried out by simple Thermionic method (TE) and Norde function based on the I-V characteristics. Ag ohmic and schottky contacts are deposited on InGaN/n-Si film by thermal evaporation technique under a vacuum pressure of 1×10-5 mbar. Ideality factor, barrier height and series resistance values of this diode are determined from I-V curve. These parameters are calculated by TE and Norde methods and findings are given in a comparetive manner. The results show the consistency for both method and also good agreement with other results obtained in the literature. The value of ideality factor and barrier height have been determined to be 2.84 and 0.78 eV at room temperature using simple TE method. The value of barrier height obtained with Norde method is calculated as 0.79 eV.

Dc and ac electrical response of MOCVD grown GaN in p-i-n structure, assessed through I-V and admittance measurement

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ayarcı Kuruoğlu, Neslihan; Özdemir, Orhan; Bozkurt, Kutsal; Sundaram, Suresh; Salvestrini, Jean-Paul; Ougazzaden, Abdallah; Gaimard, Quentin; Belahsene, Sofiane; Merghem, Kamel; Ramdane, Abderrahim

2017-12-01

The electrical response of gallium nitride (GaN), produced through metal-organic chemical vapor deposition in a p-i-n structure was investigated through temperature-dependent current-voltage (I-V) and admittance measurement. The I-V curves showed double diode behavior together with several distinct regions in which trap-assisted tunnelling current has been identified at low and moderate forward/reverse direction and space charge limited current (SCLC) at large forward/reverse bias. The value of extracted energy (˜200 meV in forward and  ˜70 meV in reverse direction) marked the tunnelling entity as electron and heavy hole in the present structure. These values were also obtained in space charge limited regime and considered as minority carriers which might originate the experimentally observed negative capacitance issue at low frequencies over the junction under both forward and reverse bias directions. Analytically derived expression for the admittance in the revised versions of SCLC model was also applied to explain the inductance effect, yielding good fits to the experimentally measured admittance data.

Current and future possibilities of V2V and I2V technologies: an analysis directed toward Augmented Reality systems

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Betancur, J. A.; Osorio-Gómez, Gilberto; Arnedo, Aida; Yarce Botero, Andrés.

2014-06-01

Nowadays, it is very important to explore the qualitative characteristics of autonomous mobility systems in automobiles, especially disruptive technology like Vehicle to Vehicle (V2V) and Infrastructure to Vehicle (I2V), in order to comprehend how the next generation of automobiles will be developed. In this sense, this research covers a general review about active safety in automobiles where V2V and I2V systems have been implemented; identifying the more realistic possibilities related to V2V and I2V technology and analyzing the current applications, some systems in development process and some future conceptual proposals. Mainly, it is notorious the potential development of mixing V2V and I2V systems pointing to increase the driver's attention; therefore, a configuration between these two technologies and some augmented reality system for automobiles (Head-Up Display and Head-Down Display) is proposed. There is a huge potential of implementation for this kind of configuration once the normative and the roadmap for its development can be widely established.

I-V Characteristics of a Ferroelectric Field Effect Transistor

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

MacLeod, Todd C.; Ho, Fat Duen

1999-01-01

There are many possible uses for ferroelectric field effect transistors.To understand their application, a fundamental knowledge of their basic characteristics must first be found. In this research, the current and voltage characteristics of a field effect transistor are described. The effective gate capacitance and charge are derived from experimental data on an actual FFET. The general equation for a MOSFET is used to derive the internal characteristics of the transistor: This equation is modified slightly to describe the FFET characteristics. Experimental data derived from a Radiant Technologies FFET is used to calculate the internal transistor characteristics using fundamental MOSFET equations. The drain current was measured under several different gate and drain voltages and with different initial polarizations on the ferroelectric material in the transistor. Two different polarization conditions were used. One with the gate ferroelectric material polarized with a +9.0 volt write pulse and one with a -9.0 volt pulse.

Cost-effectiveness of oral ibandronate compared with intravenous (i.v.) zoledronic acid or i.v. generic pamidronate in breast cancer patients with metastatic bone disease undergoing i.v. chemotherapy.

PubMed

De Cock, E; Hutton, J; Canney, P; Body, J J; Barrett-Lee, P; Neary, M P; Lewis, G

2005-12-01

Ibandronate is the first third-generation bisphosphonate to have both oral and intravenous (i.v.) efficacy. An incremental cost-effectiveness model compared oral ibandronate with i.v. zoledronic acid and i.v. generic pamidronate in female breast cancer patients with metastatic bone disease, undergoing i.v. chemotherapy. A global economic model was adapted to the UK National Health Service (NHS), with primary outcomes of direct healthcare costs and quality-adjusted life years (QALYs). Efficacy, measured as relative risk reduction of skeletal-related events (SREs), was obtained from clinical trials. Resource use data for i.v. bisphosphonates and the cost of managing SREs were obtained from published studies. Hospital management and SRE treatment costs were taken from unit cost databases. Monthly drug acquisition costs were obtained from the British National Formulary. Utility scores were applied to time with/without an SRE to adjust survival for quality of life. Model design and inputs were validated through expert UK clinician review. Total cost, including drug acquisition, was pound 386 less per patient with oral ibandronate vs. i.v. zoledronic acid and pound 224 less vs. i.v. generic pamidronate. Oral ibandronate gained 0.019 and 0.02 QALYs vs. i.v. zoledronic acid and i.v. pamidronate, respectively, making it the economically dominant option. At a threshold of pound 30,000 per QALY, oral ibandronate was cost-effective vs. zoledronic acid in 85% of simulations and vs. pamidronate in 79%. Oral ibandronate is a cost-effective treatment for metastatic bone disease from breast cancer due to reduced SREs, bone pain, and cost savings from avoidance of resource use commonly associated with bisphosphonate infusions.

Electrical Characterization of Graphite/InP Schottky Diodes by I-V-T and C-V Methods

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tiagulskyi, Stanislav; Yatskiv, Roman; Grym, Jan

2018-02-01

A rectifying junction was prepared by casting a drop of colloidal graphite on the surface of an InP substrate. The electrophysical properties of graphite/InP junctions were investigated in a wide temperature range. Temperature-dependent I-V characteristics of the graphite/InP junctions are explained by the thermionic emission mechanism. The Schottky barrier height (SBH) and the ideality factor were found to be 0.9 eV and 1.47, respectively. The large value of the SBH and its weak temperature dependence are explained by lateral homogeneity of the junction, which is related to the structure of the graphite layer. The moderate disagreement between the current-voltage and capacitance-voltage measurements is attributed to the formation of interfacial native oxide film on the InP surface.

Determination of the V- I characteristic of NbTi wires in a wide resistivity range

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Musenich, R.; Fabbricatore, P.; Farinon, S.; Greco, M.

2004-01-01

The voltage-current curve of superconducting wires and cables is generally directly measured within the resistivity range 10 -15-10 -12 Ω m being limited by the sensitivity and the Joule dissipation. Indirect measurements, based on the current decay in a superconducting loop, allow the determination of the curve in lower resistivity regions. Using a loop made with a Cu-NbTi wire we performed indirect V- I measurements in the range 10 -19-10 -16 Ω m. The comparison of the curves obtained by the direct and indirect method allows the experimental verification of the power law describing the transition of the superconducting wire to the normal state in a wide resistivity range. The law is discussed and justified on the basis of the superconductor behaviour in the flux creep dynamic regime.

Ares I Ares V Overview

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Sumrall, Phil

2009-01-01

This slide presentation is an overview of the Ares I and Ares V projects. It includes a comparison of the launch vehicles from the Saturn V, the Space Shuttle, and the planned Ares I and Ares V. In order to reduce operating cost, the Ares and V will use much of the same hardware. The elements of the Ares I and V. are reviewed and there is a view of the upper stage avionics. The elements of the J-2X engine to be used on both the Ares I and V are viewed.

Hole-transport limited S-shaped I-V curves in planar heterojunction organic photovoltaic cells

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhang, Minlu; Wang, Hui; Tang, C. W.

2011-11-01

Current-voltage (I-V) characteristics of planar heterojunction organic photovoltaic cells based on N',N'-Di-[(1-naphthyl)-N',N'-diphenyl]-1,1'-biphenyl)-4,4'-diamine (NPB) and C60 are investigated. Through variation of the layer thickness and composition, specifically chemical doping NPB with MoOx, we show that the hole-transport limitation in the NPB layer is the determining factor in shaping the I-V characteristics of NPB/C60 cells.

A I-V analysis of irradiated Gallium Arsenide solar cells

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Heulenberg, A.; Maurer, R. H.; Kinnison, J. D.

1991-01-01

A computer program was used to analyze the illuminated I-V characteristics of four sets of gallium arsenide (GaAs) solar cells irradiated with 1-MeV electrons and 10-MeV protons. It was concluded that junction regions (J sub r) dominate nearly all GaAs cells tested, except for irradiated Mitsubishi cells, which appear to have a different doping profile. Irradiation maintains or increases the dominance by J sub r. Proton irradiation increases J sub r more than does electron irradiation. The U.S. cells were optimized for beginning of life (BOL) and the Japanese for end of life (EOL). I-V analysis indicates ways of improving both the BOL and EOL performance of GaAs solar cells.

30 CFR 57.22222 - Ventilation materials (I-A, I-B, I-C, II-A, III, V-A, and V-B mines).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Ventilation materials (I-A, I-B, I-C, II-A, III, V-A, and V-B mines). 57.22222 Section 57.22222 Mineral Resources MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH....22222 Ventilation materials (I-A, I-B, I-C, II-A, III, V-A, and V-B mines). Brattice cloth and...

30 CFR 57.22222 - Ventilation materials (I-A, I-B, I-C, II-A, III, V-A, and V-B mines).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Ventilation materials (I-A, I-B, I-C, II-A, III, V-A, and V-B mines). 57.22222 Section 57.22222 Mineral Resources MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH....22222 Ventilation materials (I-A, I-B, I-C, II-A, III, V-A, and V-B mines). Brattice cloth and...

Photoelectric characteristics of CH3NH3PbI3/p-Si heterojunction

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yamei, Wu; Ruixia, Yang; Hanmin, Tian; Shuai, Chen

2016-05-01

Organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite CH3NH3PbI3 film is prepared on p-type silicon substrate using the one-step solution method to form a CH3NH3PbI3/p-Si heterojunction. The film morphology and structure are characterized by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The photoelectric properties of the CH3NH3PbI3/p-Si heterojunction are studied by testing the current-voltage (I-V) with and without illumination and capacitance-voltage (C-V) characteristics. It turns out from the I-V curve without illumination that the CH3NH3PbI3/p-Si heterojunction has a rectifier feature with the rectification ratio over 70 at the bias of ±5 V. Also, there appears a photoelectric conversion phenomenon on this heterojunction with a short circuit current (Isc) of 0.16 μA and an open circuit voltage (Voc) of about 10 mV The high frequency C-V characteristic of the Ag/CH3NH3PbI3/p-Si heterojunction turns out to be similar to that of the metal-insulator-semiconductor (MIS) structure, and a parallel translation of the C-V curve along the forward voltage axis is found. This parallel translation means the existence of defects at the CH3NH3PbI3/p-Si interface and positive fixed charges in the CH3NH3PbI3 layer. The defects at the interface of the CH3NH3PbI3/p-Si heterojunction result in the dramatic decline of the Voc. Besides, the C-V test of CH3NH3PbI3 film shows a non-linear dielectric property and the dielectric value is about 4.64 as calculated. Project supported by the Hebei Province Natural Science Foundation of China (No. F2014202184) and the Tianjin Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 15JCZDJC37800).

The progress about measurements of the proton beam characteristics of the JUNA 400 kV accelerator

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wang, Shuo; Li, Kuoang

2018-04-01

China JinPing underground Laboratory (CJPL) was established inside the tunnels piercing Jinping Mountain in Sichuan Province, China, which can provide an ideal environment for low background experiment. Jinping Underground laboratory for Nuclear Astrophysics (JUNA) is one of the major research programs in CJPL. A new 400 kV accelerator, with high current based on an ECR source, will be installed into CJPL for the study of key nuclear reactions in astrophysics. The beam characteristics of the accelerator, like absolute energy, energy spread, and long-term energy stability, will be determined by several well-known resonance and non-resonance reactions. Due to the new accelerator still being under construction, the resonance reaction of 27Al(p, γ)28Si and non-resonance 12C(p, γ)13N were studied at the 320 kV high-voltage platform of Institute of Modern Physics in Lanzhou, China. The energy spread of proton beam is about 1.0 keV and the long-term energy stability of proton beam is better than ±200eV during 4 hours measurement.

30 CFR 57.22201 - Mechanical ventilation (I-A, I-B, I-C, II-A, II-B, III, IV, V-A, and V-B mines).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Mechanical ventilation (I-A, I-B, I-C, II-A, II-B, III, IV, V-A, and V-B mines). 57.22201 Section 57.22201 Mineral Resources MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH....22201 Mechanical ventilation (I-A, I-B, I-C, II-A, II-B, III, IV, V-A, and V-B mines). All mines shall...

30 CFR 57.22201 - Mechanical ventilation (I-A, I-B, I-C, II-A, II-B, III, IV, V-A, and V-B mines).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Mechanical ventilation (I-A, I-B, I-C, II-A, II-B, III, IV, V-A, and V-B mines). 57.22201 Section 57.22201 Mineral Resources MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH....22201 Mechanical ventilation (I-A, I-B, I-C, II-A, II-B, III, IV, V-A, and V-B mines). All mines shall...

[V.I. Smidovich: a Whole Life to Local Community Good].

PubMed

Tereshkina, O V; Bobkova, V N

2017-11-01

The article considers public and medical activities of Vikentii Ignatievich Smidovich, one of the most prominent physicians of Tula of the end of XIX century. His role in the organization and activities of the Tula society of physicians is analyzed. The particular attention is paid to activities of V.I. Smidovich related to amelioration of sanitary conditions of Tula, amelioration of conditions and increasing of longevity of life of residents, support of population with free medical care. The attempt is made to trace the role of a single personality in the process of historical, cultural, social development of a particular region. The article presents a short description of industrial Tula at the end of XIX century as a prerequisite to socially directed activity of educated sections of population, including physicians-humanists. The personal characteristics of V.I. Smidovich are emphasized that permitted him to gain a higher authority among patients and colleagues and to achieve established tasks. The article deals with the theme of life and death as an ethical argument, "natural heroism" of medical profession. The fragment of case history composed by V.I. Smidovich himself is presented. The emphasis is also made on the role of Smidovich-father in the formation of creed and creative direction of V.V. Veresaiev, his son.

I-V characteristics of graphene nanoribbon/h-BN heterojunctions and resonant tunneling.

PubMed

Wakai, Taiga; Sakamoto, Shoichi; Tomiya, Mitsuyoshi

2018-07-04

We present the first principle calculations of the electrical properties of graphene sheet/h-BN heterojunction (GS/h-BN) and 11-armchair graphene nanoribbon/h-BN heterojunction (11-AGNR/h-BN), which are carried out using the density functional theory (DFT) method and the non-equilibrium Green's function (NEGF) technique. Since 11-AGNR belongs to the conductive (3n-1)-family of AGNR, both are metallic nanomaterials with two transverse arrays of h-BN, which is a wide-gap semi-conductor. The two h-BN arrays act as double barriers. The transmission functions (TF) and I-[Formula: see text] characteristics of GS/h-BN and 11-AGNR/h-BN are calculated by DFT and NEGF, and they show that quantum double barrier tunneling occurs. The TF becomes very spiky in both materials, and it leads to step-wise I-[Formula: see text] characteristics rather than negative resistance, which is the typical behavior of double barriers in semiconductors. The results of our first principle calculations are also compared with 1D Dirac equation model for the double barrier system. The model explains most of the peaks of the transmission functions nearby the Fermi energy quite well. They are due to quantum tunneling.

Use of a Gafchromic film HD-V2 for the profile measurement of energetic ion beams

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yuri, Yosuke; Ishizaka, Tomohisa; Agematsu, Takashi; Yuyama, Takahiro; Seito, Hajime; Okumura, Susumu

2017-09-01

The coloration response of a radiochromic film, Gafchromic HD-V2, to ion beams was investigated to apply the film to measuring the transverse intensity distribution of large-area ion beams. HD-V2 films were, therefore, irradiated with proton (10 MeV) and several heavy-ion (4.1-27 MeV/u) beams in a wide fluence range at the azimuthally-varying-field cyclotron facility in National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, and read with an image scanner to analyze changes in the optical density. It was shown that the available fluence range (106-1011 ions/cm2) of HD-V2 depends strongly on ion species, i.e., linear energy transfer (LET). In addition, the reduction of the sensitivity to dose was shown over a wide LET range. The transverse intensity distribution of a large-area ion beam was measured using a response function determined from the measured data. We have demonstrated that the Gafchromic film HD-V2 is useful for measuring the intensity distribution at a low fluence and thus evaluating the characteristics of various ion beams.

30 CFR 57.22501 - Personal electric lamps (I-A, I-B, I-C, II-A, II-B, III, IV, V-A, and V-B mines).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Personal electric lamps (I-A, I-B, I-C, II-A, II-B, III, IV, V-A, and V-B mines). 57.22501 Section 57.22501 Mineral Resources MINE SAFETY AND... Illumination § 57.22501 Personal electric lamps (I-A, I-B, I-C, II-A, II-B, III, IV, V-A, and V-B mines...

30 CFR 57.22501 - Personal electric lamps (I-A, I-B, I-C, II-A, II-B, III, IV, V-A, and V-B mines).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Personal electric lamps (I-A, I-B, I-C, II-A, II-B, III, IV, V-A, and V-B mines). 57.22501 Section 57.22501 Mineral Resources MINE SAFETY AND... Illumination § 57.22501 Personal electric lamps (I-A, I-B, I-C, II-A, II-B, III, IV, V-A, and V-B mines...

30 CFR 57.22227 - Approved testing devices (I-A, I-B, I-C, II-A, II-B, III, IV, V-A, and V-B mines).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Approved testing devices (I-A, I-B, I-C, II-A, II-B, III, IV, V-A, and V-B mines). 57.22227 Section 57.22227 Mineral Resources MINE SAFETY AND... Ventilation § 57.22227 Approved testing devices (I-A, I-B, I-C, II-A, II-B, III, IV, V-A, and V-B mines). (a...

78 FR 23489 - Safety Zone; V.I. Carnival Finale, St. Thomas Harbor; St. Thomas, U.S.V.I.

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-04-19

...-AA00 Safety Zone; V.I. Carnival Finale, St. Thomas Harbor; St. Thomas, U.S.V.I. AGENCY: Coast Guard... waters of St. Thomas Harbor in St. Thomas, U.S. Virgin Islands during the V.I. Carnival Finale, a... being positioned near the St. Thomas Harbor channel from which fireworks will be lit. The safety zone is...

Detector for measuring the π + → e +v branching fraction

DOE PAGES

Aguilar-Arevalo, A. A.; Aoki, M.; Blecher, M.; ...

2015-04-13

The PIENU experiment at TRIUMF is aimed at a measurement of the branching ratio R e/u = Γ((π + → e +v e) + (π + → e +v eγ))/Γ((π + → μ +v μ) + (π + → μ +v μγ)) with precision < 0.1%. Incident pions, delivered at the rate of 60 kHz with momentum 75 MeV/c, were degraded and stopped in a plastic scintillator target. Pions and their decay product positrons were detected with plastic scintillators and tracked with multiwire proportional chambers and silicon strip detectors. The energies of the positrons were measured in a spectrometer consistingmore » of a large NaI(Tℓ) crystal surrounded by an array of pure CsI crystals. This paper provides a description of the PIENU experimental apparatus and its performance in pursuit of R e/u« less

21 CFR 880.5025 - I.V. container.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... I.V. container. (a) Identification. An I.V. container is a container made of plastic or glass used... 21 Food and Drugs 8 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false I.V. container. 880.5025 Section 880.5025 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES (CONTINUED) MEDICAL DEVICES...

21 CFR 880.5025 - I.V. container.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... I.V. container. (a) Identification. An I.V. container is a container made of plastic or glass used... 21 Food and Drugs 8 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false I.V. container. 880.5025 Section 880.5025 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES (CONTINUED) MEDICAL DEVICES...

21 CFR 880.5025 - I.V. container.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... I.V. container. (a) Identification. An I.V. container is a container made of plastic or glass used... 21 Food and Drugs 8 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false I.V. container. 880.5025 Section 880.5025 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES (CONTINUED) MEDICAL DEVICES...

21 CFR 880.5025 - I.V. container.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... I.V. container. (a) Identification. An I.V. container is a container made of plastic or glass used... 21 Food and Drugs 8 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false I.V. container. 880.5025 Section 880.5025 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES (CONTINUED) MEDICAL DEVICES...

Limits of the copper decoration technique for delineating of the V I boundary

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Válek, L.; Stehlík, Š.; Orava, J.; Ďurík, M.; Šik, J.; Wágner, T.

2007-05-01

Copper decoration technique was used for detection of the vacancy interstitial (V I) boundary in Czochralski silicon crystal. We used the technique for delineating defects in silicon previously reported by Mule’Stagno [Solid State Phenom. 82 84 (2002) 753] and we enriched it by an upgraded application of copper on the silicon surface. The new procedure is based on the deposition of elementary copper on the silicon surface from the copper nitrate solution. The new method is more efficient contrary to Mule’Stagno (2002) and it also decreases environmental drain. We compared five etchants in order to optimize the delineation of the V I boundary. A defect region of the same diameter was detected by all the used etchants, supreme sensitivity was obtained with Wright's etchant. The outer diameter of the defect region observed by the copper decoration technique coincides with the V I boundary diameter measured by OISF testing and approximately coincides with the V I boundary diameter measured by COP testing. We found that the copper decoration technique delineates oxygen precipitates in silicon and we observed the dependence of V I boundary detectability on the size of the oxygen precipitates.

Autonomy Software: V&V Challenges and Characteristics

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Schumann, Johann; Visser, Willem

2006-01-01

The successful operation of unmanned air vehicles requires software with a high degree of autonomy. Only if high level functions can be carried out without human control and intervention, complex missions in a changing and potentially unknown environment can be carried out successfully. Autonomy software is highly mission and safety critical: failures, caused by flaws in the software cannot only jeopardize the mission, but could also endanger human life (e.g., a crash of an UAV in a densely populated area). Due to its large size, high complexity, and use of specialized algorithms (planner, constraint-solver, etc.), autonomy software poses specific challenges for its verification, validation, and certification. -- - we have carried out a survey among researchers aid scientists at NASA to study these issues. In this paper, we will present major results of this study, discussing the broad spectrum. of notions and characteristics of autonomy software and its challenges for design and development. A main focus of this survey was to evaluate verification and validation (V&V) issues and challenges, compared to the development of "traditional" safety-critical software. We will discuss important issues in V&V of autonomous software and advanced V&V tools which can help to mitigate software risks. Results of this survey will help to identify and understand safety concerns in autonomy software and will lead to improved strategies for mitigation of these risks.

80 MeV C{sup 6+} ion irradiation effects on the DC electrical characteristics of silicon NPN power transistors

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Bharathi, M. N.; Vinayakprasanna, N. H.; Prakash, A. P. Gnana, E-mail: gnanaprakash@physics.uni-mysore.ac.in

The total dose effects of 80 MeV C{sup 6+} ions on the DC electrical characteristics of Silicon NPN rf power transistors have been studied in the dose range of 100 krad to 100 Mrad. The SRIM simulation was used to understand the energy loss and range of the ions in the transistor structure. The different electrical parameters such as Gummel characteristics, excess base current (ΔI{sub B} = I{sub Bpost} - I{sub Bpre}), dc forward current gain (h{sub FE}), transconductance (g{sub m}), displacement damage factor (K) and output characteristics (V{sub CE}-I{sub C}) were studied systematically before and after irradiation. The significantmore » degradation in base current (I{sub B}) and h{sub FE} was observed after irradiation. Isochronal annealing study was conducted on the irradiated transistors to analyze the recovery in different electrical parameters. These results were compared with {sup 60}C0 gamma irradiation results in the same dose range.« less

Application of p-i-n photodiodes to charged particle fluence measurements beyond 1015 1-MeV-neutron-equivalent/cm2

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hoeferkamp, M. R.; Grummer, A.; Rajen, I.; Seidel, S.

2018-05-01

Methods are developed for the application of forward biased p-i-n photodiodes to measurements of charged particle fluence beyond 1015 1-MeV-neutron-equivalent/cm2. An order of magnitude extension of the regime where forward voltage can be used to infer fluence is achieved for OSRAM BPW34F devices.

I-V and C-V Characterization of a High-Responsivity Graphene/Silicon Photodiode with Embedded MOS Capacitor.

PubMed

Luongo, Giuseppe; Giubileo, Filippo; Genovese, Luca; Iemmo, Laura; Martucciello, Nadia; Di Bartolomeo, Antonio

2017-06-27

We study the effect of temperature and light on the I-V and C-V characteristics of a graphene/silicon Schottky diode. The device exhibits a reverse-bias photocurrent exceeding the forward current and achieves a photoresponsivity as high as 2.5 A / W . We show that the enhanced photocurrent is due to photo-generated carriers injected in the graphene/Si junction from the parasitic graphene/SiO₂/Si capacitor connected in parallel to the diode. The same mechanism can occur with thermally generated carriers, which contribute to the high leakage current often observed in graphene/Si junctions.

Method and apparatus for I-V data acquisition from solar cells

DOEpatents

Cole, Steven W.

1985-01-01

A method and apparatus for logging current-voltage (I-V) characteristic d of a solar cell module (10) in two modes using a portable instrument. One mode controls the load current through a circuit (36) in 256 equal intervals while voltage is measured from open circuit to at least halfway into the knee of the curve and the other mode controls the load voltage through a circuit (34) in 256 equal intervals from the lowest voltage measurement possible (short circuit) to at least halfway into the knee of the curve, under control of a microcomputer (12). All measurements are packed by discarding each measurement that is within 0.5% of the value predicted from two previous measurements, except every ninth (9th) measurement which is retained. The remaining data is further packed into a memory block of a detachable storage medium (14) by recording the data points in sequence following a header containing data common to all points, with each point having the value of the controlled parameter recorded as the number of increments from the previous point recorded followed by the measured value. The detachable storage medium is preferably a solid state device for reliability, and is transferable to a playback terminal which unpacks the data for analysis and display.

Investigation of the basic characteristics of electrostatic shielding from cosmic radiations on the artificial earth satellite Kosmos 605. I. Measurement procedure and the complex of scientific apparatus. [1. 4 x 10/sup 7/ V/m

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Kovalev, E.E.; Molchanov, E.D.; Pekhterev, Yu.G.

1975-01-01

The complex of scientific apparatus installed on board the artifical earth satellite Kosmos 605 for the creation of electric fields near the satellite with intensities up to 1.4 x 10/sup 7/ V/m and for direct measurements of conduction currents of a high voltage vacuum interval for the purpose of determining the basic characteristics of electrostatic shielding from cosmic radiations is described.

The luminescence characteristics of CsI(Na) crystal under α and X/γ excitation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Liu, Jinliang; Liu, Fang; Ouyang, Xiaoping; Liu, Bin; Chen, Liang; Ruan, Jinlu; Zhang, Zhongbing; Liu, Jun

2013-01-01

In this paper, we study the effective decay time characteristic of CsI(Na) crystal under 239Pu alpha particle and 137Cs gamma-ray excitation using a single photon counting decay time measurement system. The measurement system employs a silicon optical fiber to couple and transit single photon. The slow decay time component of CsI(Na) crystal is 460-550 ns. We observe a 15 ns fast decay component under alpha particle excitation. In addition, we find that the primary stage of the falling edge in the decay time curve is non-exponential and drops rapidly when CsI(Na) crystal is excited by 239Pu alpha particles. Since the high density of self-trapped-excitons (STEs) is produced in alpha particle excitation process, we propose that the fast falling edge is corresponding to the quenching process of STEs which transit with non-radiation in the case of high excitation density. To prove this proposal, we excited the CsI(Na) crystal with sub-nanosecond intensive pulsed X-ray radiation. Our X-ray impinging results show that the fast falling edge also exists under low energy (average 100 keV) bremsstrahlung X-ray excitation.

I-V characteristics of in-plane and out-of-plane strained edge-hydrogenated armchair graphene nanoribbons

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Cartamil-Bueno, S. J., E-mail: s.j.cartamilbueno@tudelft.nl, E-mail: rbolivar@ugr.es; Rodríguez-Bolívar, S., E-mail: s.j.cartamilbueno@tudelft.nl, E-mail: rbolivar@ugr.es

2015-06-28

The effects of tensile strain on the current-voltage (I-V) characteristics of hydrogenated-edge armchair graphene nanoribbons are investigated by using DFT theory. The strain is introduced in two different ways related to the two types of systems studied in this work: in-plane strained systems (A) and out-of-plane strained systems due to bending (B). These two kinds of strain lead to make a distinction among three cases: in-plane strained systems with strained electrodes (A1) and with unstrained electrodes (A2), and out-of-plane homogeneously strained systems with unstrained, fixed electrodes (B). The systematic simulations to calculate the electronic transmission between two electrodes were focusedmore » on systems of 8 and 11 dimers in width. The results show that the differences between cases A2 and B are negligible, even though the strain mechanisms are different: in the plane case, the strain is uniaxial along its length; while in the bent case, the strain is caused by the arc deformation. Based on the study, a new type of nanoelectromechanical system solid state switching device is proposed.« less

Vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) : message lexicon.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2016-12-01

To help with Vehicle-to-Infrastructure (V2I) deployments, a V2I Message Lexicon was developed that explains the relationships and concepts for V2I messages and identifies the ITS standards where they may be found. This lexicon document provides a bri...

Nitrogen plasma-treated multilayer graphene-based field effect transistor fabrication and electronic characteristics

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Su, Wei-Jhih; Chang, Hsuan-Chen; Honda, Shin-ichi; Lin, Pao-Hung; Huang, Ying-Sheng; Lee, Kuei-Yi

2017-08-01

Chemical doping with hetero-atoms is an effective method used to change the characteristics of materials. Nitrogen doping technology plays a critical role in regulating the electronic properties of graphene. Nitrogen plasma treatment was used in this work to dope nitrogen atoms to modulate multilayer graphene electrical properties. The measured I-V multilayer graphene-base field-effect transistor characteristics (GFETs) showed a V-shaped transfer curve with the hole and electron region separated from the measured current-voltage (I-V) minimum. GFETs fabricated with multilayer graphene from chemical vapor deposition (CVD) exhibited p-type behavior because of oxygen adsorption. After using different nitrogen plasma treatment times, the minimum in I-V characteristic shifted into the negative gate voltage region with increased nitrogen concentration and the GFET channel became an n-type semiconductor. GFETs could be easily fabricated using this method with potential for various applications. The GFET transfer characteristics could be tuned precisely by adjusting the nitrogen plasma treatment time.

Transport systems of Ventricaria ventricosa: I/V analysis of both membranes in series as a function of [K(+)](o).

PubMed

Beilby, M J; Bisson, M A

1999-09-01

The current-voltage (I/V) profiles of Ventricaria (formerly Valonia) membranes were measured at a range of external potassium concentrations, [K(+)](o), from 0.1 to 100 mm. The conductance-voltage (G/V) characteristics were computed to facilitate better resolution of the profile change with time after exposure to different [K(+)](o). The resistance-voltage (R/V) characteristics were computed to attempt resolution of plasmalemma and tonoplast. Four basic electrophysiological stages emerged: (1) Uniform low resistance between -60 and +60 mV after the cell impalement. (2) High resistance between +50 and +150 for [K(+)](o) from 0.1 to 1.0 mm and hypotonic media. (3) High resistance between -150 and -20 mV for [K(+)](o) of 10 mm (close to natural seawater) and hypertonic media. (4) High resistance between -150 and +170 mV at [K(+)](o) of 100 mm. The changes between these states were slow, requiring minutes to hours and sometimes exhibiting spontaneous oscillations of the membrane p.d. (potential difference). Our analysis of the I/V data supports a previous hypothesis, that Ventricaria tonoplast is the more resistive membrane containing a pump, which transports K(+) into the vacuole to regulate turgor. We associate state (1) with the plasmalemma conductance being dominant and the K(+) pump at the tonoplast short-circuited probably by a K(+) channel, state (2) with the K(+) pump "off" or short-circuited at p.d.s more negative than +50 mV, state (3) with the K(+) pump "on, " and state (4) with the pump dominant, but affected by high K(+). A model for the Ventricaria membrane system is proposed.

21 CFR 880.5025 - I.V. container.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... GENERAL HOSPITAL AND PERSONAL USE DEVICES General Hospital and Personal Use Therapeutic Devices § 880.5025 I.V. container. (a) Identification. An I.V. container is a container made of plastic or glass used...

30 CFR 57.22501 - Personal electric lamps (I-A, I-B, I-C, II-A, II-B, III, IV, V-A, and V-B mines).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Personal electric lamps (I-A, I-B, I-C, II-A... Illumination § 57.22501 Personal electric lamps (I-A, I-B, I-C, II-A, II-B, III, IV, V-A, and V-B mines). Electric lamps used for personal illumination shall be approved by MSHA under the requirements of 30 CFR...

30 CFR 57.22501 - Personal electric lamps (I-A, I-B, I-C, II-A, II-B, III, IV, V-A, and V-B mines).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Personal electric lamps (I-A, I-B, I-C, II-A... Illumination § 57.22501 Personal electric lamps (I-A, I-B, I-C, II-A, II-B, III, IV, V-A, and V-B mines). Electric lamps used for personal illumination shall be approved by MSHA under the requirements of 30 CFR...

30 CFR 57.22501 - Personal electric lamps (I-A, I-B, I-C, II-A, II-B, III, IV, V-A, and V-B mines).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Personal electric lamps (I-A, I-B, I-C, II-A... Illumination § 57.22501 Personal electric lamps (I-A, I-B, I-C, II-A, II-B, III, IV, V-A, and V-B mines). Electric lamps used for personal illumination shall be approved by MSHA under the requirements of 30 CFR...

Lean methodology in i.v. medication processes in a children's hospital.

PubMed

L'Hommedieu, Timothy; Kappeler, Karl

2010-12-15

The impact of lean methodology in i.v. medication processes in a children's hospital was studied. Medication orders at a children's hospital were analyzed for 30 days to identify the specific times when most medications were changed or discontinued. Value-stream mapping was used to define the current state of preparation and identify non-value-added tasks in the i.v. medication preparation and dispensing processes. An optimization model was created using specific measurements to establish the optimal number of batches and batch preparation times of batches. Returned i.v. medications were collected for 7 days before and after implementation of the lean process to determine the impact of the lean process changes. Patient-days increased from 1,836 during the first collection period to 2,017 during the second, and the total number of i.v. doses dispensed increased from 8,054 to 9,907. Wasted i.v. doses decreased from 1,339 (16.6% of the total doses dispensed) to 853 (8.6%). With the new process, Nationwide Children's Hospital was projected to realize a weekly savings of $8,197 ($426,244 annually), resulting in a 2.6% reduction in annual drug expenditure. The annual savings is a conservative estimate, due to the 10% increase in patient-days after the lean collection period compared with baseline. The differences in wasted doses and their costs were significant (p < 0.05). Implementing lean concepts in the i.v. medication preparation process had a positive effect on efficiency and drug cost.

Land mobile satellite propagation measurements in Japan using ETS-V satellite

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Obara, Noriaki; Tanaka, Kenji; Yamamoto, Shin-Ichi; Wakana, Hiromitsu

1993-01-01

Propagation characteristics of land mobile satellite communications channels have been investigated actively in recent years. Information of propagation characteristics associated with multipath fading and shadowing is required to design commercial land mobile satellite communications systems, including protocol and error correction method. CRL (Communications Research Laboratory) has carried out propagation measurements using the Engineering Test Satellite-V (ETS-V) at L band (1.5 GHz) through main roads in Japan by a medium gain antenna with an autotracking capability. This paper presents the propagation statistics obtained in this campaign.

Spectral analysis of the UFBG-based acousto—optical modulator in V-I transmission matrix formalism

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wu, Liang-Ying; Pei, Li; Liu, Chao; Wang, Yi-Qun; Weng, Si-Jun; Wang, Jian-Shuai

2014-11-01

In this study, the V-I transmission matrix formalism (V-I method) is proposed to analyze the spectrum characteristics of the uniform fiber Bragg grating (FBG)-based acousto—optic modulators (UFBG-AOM). The simulation results demonstrate that both the amplitude of the acoustically induced strain and the frequency of the acoustic wave (AW) have an effect on the spectrum. Additionally, the wavelength spacing between the primary reflectivity peak and the secondary reflectivity peak is proportional to the acoustic frequency with the ratio 0.1425 nm/MHz. Meanwhile, we compare the amount of calculation. For the FBG whose period is M, the calculation of the V-I method is 4 × (2M-1) in addition/subtraction, 8 × (2M - 1) in multiply/division and 2M in exponent arithmetic, which is almost a quarter of the multi-film method and transfer matrix (TM) method. The detailed analysis indicates that, compared with the conventional multi-film method and transfer matrix (TM) method, the V-I method is faster and less complex.

Prophylactic treatment of local reactions to i.v. vinorelbine: a randomized study.

PubMed

Quant, Eva; Bergman, Bengt

2012-08-01

Local reactions on the site of infusion are common with i.v. vinorelbine treatment. The study aims were to evaluate whether an i.v. saline infusion or steroid injection, or the combination of these measures, could decrease vinorelbine-related local reactions and to study to what extent such reactions actually occur. Patients with lung cancer and planned chemotherapy containing i.v. vinorelbine were randomized in a 2 × 2 factorial design to receive either 4 mg betamethasone or placebo i.v. prior to and either 20 or 250 ml saline infusion following the vinorelbine infusion. Local infusion site signs and symptoms were recorded during and 1 h after the vinorelbine infusion and collected by a study-specific diary 24-48 h following each treatment course. A total of 79 patients were randomized and evaluable. Local infusion site signs, symptoms and reactions occurred in 63% of all patients (49% during vinorelbine monotherapy courses), with local pain being most frequently reported. Pre-treatment with i.v. betamethasone was associated with a reduced risk of local pain (5/38 vs. 20/39; p < 0.001) or any symptoms (14/38 vs. 29/39; p = 0.01) compared with placebo during the 48 h following the vinorelbine infusion. The reduced pain effect was seen both during vinorelbine monotherapy courses and during combination chemotherapy with carboplatin. In contrast, there was no difference between post-treatment infusion with 20 or 250 ml saline with regard to local signs or symptoms. Local infusion site side effects are common with i.v. vinorelbine. Pre-treatment with 4 mg betamethasone i.v. is associated with a reduced risk of local symptoms or reactions, local pain in particular.

Systemic morphine blocks the seizures induced by intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injections of opiates and opioid peptides.

PubMed

Urca, G; Frenk, H

1982-08-19

Intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injections of the endorphins and of morphine in rats produce highly characteristic, naloxone sensitive, electrographic seizures. In contrast, systemic injections of morphine have been shown to exert a marked anticonvulsant effect. The present study demonstrates that systemic morphine pretreatment can prevent the occurrence of electrographic seizures injected by i.c.v. morphine, Leu-enkephalin and beta-endorphin and that the anti-epileptic effect of morphine can be reversed by naloxone. Male albino rats, previously prepared for chronic i.c.v. injections and EEG recordings, were pretreated with 0--100 mg/kg of intraperitoneal (i.p.) morphine. Thirty five minutes later morphine (520 nmol), Leu-enkephalin (80 nmol) or beta-endorphin (5 nmol) were injected i.c.v. Pretreatment with i.p. morphine blocked the occurrence of seizures induced by morphine and both endogenous opioids. Lower doses of systemic morphine (50 mg/kg) were necessary to block i.c.v. morphine seizures than the dose (100 mg/kg) necessary to block seizures induced by i.c.v. Leu-enkephalin and beta-endorphin. Naloxone (1 mg/kg) administered 25 min following 50 mg/kg of i.p. morphine and preceding the injections of i.c.v. morphine reversed the antiepileptic effect of systemic morphine. These results demonstrate the possible existence of two opiate sensitive systems, one with excitatory-epileptogenic effects and the other possessing inhibitory-antiepileptic properties. The possible relationship between these findings and the known heterogeneity of opiate receptors and opiate actions is discussed.

Measurement of keV-neutron capture cross sections and capture gamma-ray spectra of Cs-133 and I-127

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Umezawa, Seigo; Igashira, Masayuki; Katabuchi, Tatuya; Dominic, Moraru; Yanagida, Shotaro; Okamiya, Tomohiro

2017-09-01

The neutron capture cross sections and the capture gamma-ray spectra of 127I and 133Cs at incident neutron energies from 15 to 100 keV have been measured by the time-of-flight method. Capture gamma-rays were detected with an anti-Compton NaI(Tl) spectrometer, and the pulse-height weighting technique was applied to derive capture yields. The capture cross sections of 127I and 133Cs were determined using the standard capture cross section of 197Au. The total errors of the cross sections were 3.8-5.1%. The obtained cross sections were compared with evaluated values in JENDL-4.0 and ENDF/B-VII.1. For 127I, the energy dependence is different between the present results and the evaluations. For 133Cs, the evaluated values in JENDL-4.0 agree with the present results but the evaluated values in ENDF/B-VII.1 are smaller than the present results by 14%-18%. The capture gamma-ray spectra of 133Cs and 127I were derived by unfolding the pulse height spectra with detector response functions.

Voice-related quality of life (V-RQOL) following type I thyroplasty for unilateral vocal fold paralysis.

PubMed

Hogikyan, N D; Wodchis, W P; Terrell, J E; Bradford, C R; Esclamado, R M

2000-09-01

Unilateral vocal fold paralysis is a common clinical problem which frequently causes severe dysphonia. Various treatment options exist for this condition, with the type I thyroplasty being one of the more commonly performed surgical procedures for vocal rehabilitation. The Voice-Related Quality of Life (V-RQOL) Measure is a validated outcomes instrument for voice disorders. This study measured the V-RQOL of patients with unilateral vocal fold paralysis who had undergone a type I thyroplasty and compared these scores to those of patients with untreated and uncompensated unilateral vocal fold paralysis and to normals. Treated patients had significantly higher domain and overall V-RQOL scores than untreated patients, but also scored lower than normals. These differences were true across gender and age. Patients who were more distant from surgery had lower V-RQOL scores than those who had more recently been treated. It is concluded that type I thyroplasty leads to a significantly higher V-RQOL for patients with unilateral vocal fold paralysis. This study also demonstrates further the utility of patient-oriented measures of treatment outcome.

30 CFR 57.22234 - Actions at 1.0 percent methane (I-A, I-B, III, V-A, and V-B mines).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Actions at 1.0 percent methane (I-A, I-B, III...-UNDERGROUND METAL AND NONMETAL MINES Safety Standards for Methane in Metal and Nonmetal Mines Ventilation § 57.22234 Actions at 1.0 percent methane (I-A, I-B, III, V-A, and V-B mines). (a) If methane reaches 1.0...

Identification of V122I (Val122Ile) transthyretin cardiac amyloidosis (ATTR) using serum retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) and a clinical prediction model

PubMed Central

Arvanitis, Marios; Koch, Clarissa M; Chan, Gloria G.; Arancivia, Celia M.T.; LaValley, Michael; Jacobson, Daniel; Berk, John L.; Connors, Lawreen H.; Ruberg, Frederick L.

2017-01-01

Importance Transthyretin amyloid cardiomyopathy (ATTR) is an under-recognized cause of heart failure (HF) in the elderly, owing in part to difficulty in diagnosis. ATTR can result from mutant TTR protein with one of the most common mutations in the United States, V122I, present in 3.43% of African Americans. Objective To determine whether serum retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4), an endogenous TTR ligand, could be used as a diagnostic test for ATTR V122I amyloidosis. Design Combined prospective and retrospective cohort study Setting Tertiary care referral center Participants Fifty prospectively genotyped African American patients over age 60 years with non-amyloid HF and cardiac wall thickening, and a comparator cohort of biopsy proven ATTR V122I amyloidosis patients (n=25) comprised the development cohort. Twenty-seven prospectively genotyped African American patients and 9 ATTR V122I amyloidosis patients comprised the validation cohort. Main Outcomes and Measures Circulating RBP4, TTR, B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) and troponin I (TnI) concentrations, electrocardiography (ECG), echocardiography, and clinical characteristics were assessed in all patients. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was performed to identify optimal thresholds for ATTR V122I amyloidosis identification. A clinical prediction rule was developed using penalized logistic regression, evaluated using ROC analysis and validated in an independent cohort of cases and controls. Results Age, gender, BNP and TnI were similar between ATTR V122I amyloidosis patients and controls. Serum RBP4 concentration was lower in patients with ATTR V122I amyloidosis compared to non-amyloid controls (31.5 vs. 49.4 ug/ml, p < 0.001) and the difference persisted after controlling for potential confounding parameters. Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) was lower in ATTR V122I amyloidosis (40% vs. 57%, p<0.001), while interventricular septal diameter (IVSd) was higher (16 vs. 14 mm, p<0.001). ROC

Development of a spatially resolving x-ray crystal spectrometer for measurement of ion-temperature (T(i)) and rotation-velocity (v) profiles in ITER.

PubMed

Hill, K W; Bitter, M; Delgado-Aparicio, L; Johnson, D; Feder, R; Beiersdorfer, P; Dunn, J; Morris, K; Wang, E; Reinke, M; Podpaly, Y; Rice, J E; Barnsley, R; O'Mullane, M; Lee, S G

2010-10-01

Imaging x-ray crystal spectrometer (XCS) arrays are being developed as a US-ITER activity for Doppler measurement of T(i) and v profiles of impurities (W, Kr, and Fe) with ∼7 cm (a/30) and 10-100 ms resolution in ITER. The imaging XCS, modeled after a prototype instrument on Alcator C-Mod, uses a spherically bent crystal and 2D x-ray detectors to achieve high spectral resolving power (E/dE>6000) horizontally and spatial imaging vertically. Two arrays will measure T(i) and both poloidal and toroidal rotation velocity profiles. The measurement of many spatial chords permits tomographic inversion for the inference of local parameters. The instrument design, predictions of performance, and results from C-Mod are presented.

[Women of 40 and older in i.v.f. and i.c.s.i.: the FIVNAT data].

PubMed

Belaisch-Allart, J; Devaux, A; Ayel, J-P; de Mouzon, J

2004-09-01

The proportion of women over 40 in i.v.f. and in i.c.s.i. has been dramatically increasing to reach 12% in 2002. Tubal and unexplained infertility increases with age. Short protocols or protocols with GnRH antagonists are more and more often used for older women. Best results are nevertheless still obtained with long protocols! Up to 35 years, pregnancy rates are similar with two or three transferred embryos. Over 35, better results are observed with three embryos. However, the rate of twins only falls below 20% when the woman is over 38, in i.v.f. as well as in i.c.s.i. The decreasing pregnancy rate should be better known by patients and clinicians so that women are treated sooner for i.v.f.

Incidence and specificity of antibodies to types I, II, III, IV, and V collagen in rheumatoid arthritis and other rheumatic diseases as measured by 125I-radioimmunoassay

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Stuart, J.M.; Huffstutter, E.H.; Townes, A.S.

1983-07-01

Antibodies to human native and denatured types I, II, III, IV, and V collagens were measured using 125I-radioimmunoassay. Mean levels of binding by sera from 30 rheumatoid arthritis patients were significantly higher than those from 20 normal subjects against all of the collagens tested. The relative antibody concentration was higher in synovial fluid than in simultaneously obtained serum. Many patients with gout or various other rheumatic diseases also had detectable anticollagen antibodies. With a few notable exceptions, the majority of the reactivity detected in all patient groups was directed against covalent structural determinants present on all of the denatured collagens,more » suggesting a secondary reaction to tissue injury.« less

Quasi-one-dimensional Bose-Einstein condensation in the spin-1/2 ferromagnetic-leg ladder 3-I-V

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kono, Y.; Kittaka, S.; Yamaguchi, H.; Hosokoshi, Y.; Sakakibara, T.

2018-03-01

Quantum criticality of the spin-1/2 ferromagnetic-leg ladder 3-I-V [=3-(3-iodophenyl)-1,5-diphenylverdazyl] has been examined with respect to the antiferromagnetic to paramagnetic phase transition near the saturation field Hc. The phase boundary Tc(H ) follows the power-law Tc(H ) ∝Hc-H for a wide temperature range. This characteristic behavior is discussed as a quasi-one-dimensional (quasi-1D) Bose-Einstein condensation, which is predicted theoretically for weakly coupled quasi-1D ferromagnets. Thus, 3-I-V provides the first promising candidate for this attractive prediction.

Measurements of NaI(Tl) Electron Response: Comparison of Different Samples

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hull, Giulia; Choong, Woon-Seng; Moses, William W.; Bizarri, Gregory; Valentine, John D.; Payne, Stephen A.; Cherepy, Nerine J.; Reutter, Bryan W.

2009-02-01

This paper measures the sample to sample variation in the light yield proportionality of NaI(Tl), and so explores whether this is an invariant characteristic of the material or whether it depends on the chemical and physical properties of the tested samples. We report on the electron response of nine crystals of NaI(Tl), differing in shape, volume, age, manufacturer and quality. The proportionality has been measured at the SLYNCI facility in the energy range between 3.5 to 460 keV. We observe that while samples produced by the same manufacturer at approximately the same time have virtually identical electron response curves, there are significant sample to sample variations among crystals produced by different manufacturers or at different times. In an effort to correlate changes in the electron response with details of the scintillation mechanism, we characterized other scintillation properties, including the gamma response and the x-ray excited emission spectra and decay times, for the nine crystals. While sample to sample differences in these crystals were observed, we have been unable to identify the underlying fundamental mechanisms that are responsible for these differences.

Observation of linear I-V curves on vertical GaAs nanowires with atomic force microscope

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Geydt, P.; Alekseev, P. A.; Dunaevskiy, M.; Lähderanta, E.; Haggrén, T.; Kakko, J.-P.; Lipsanen, H.

2015-12-01

In this work we demonstrate the possibility of studying the current-voltage characteristics for single vertically standing semiconductor nanowires on standard AFM equipped by current measuring module in PeakForce Tapping mode. On the basis of research of eight different samples of p-doped GaAs nanowires grown on different GaAs substrates, peculiar electrical effects were revealed. It was found how covering of substrate surface by SiOx layer increases the current, as well as phosphorous passivation of the grown nanowires. Elimination of the Schottky barrier between golden cap and the top parts of nanowires was observed. It was additionally studied that charge accumulation on the shell of single nanowires affects its resistivity and causes the hysteresis loops on I-V curves.

Photovoltaic characteristics of n(+)pp(+) InP solar cells grown by OMVPE

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Tyagi, S.; Singh, K.; Bhimnathwala, H.; Ghandhi, S. K.; Borrego, J. M.

1990-01-01

The photovoltaic characteristics of n(+)/p/p(+) homojunction InP solar cells fabricated by organometallic vapor-phase epitaxy (OMVPE) are described. The cells are characterized by I-V, C-V and quantum efficiency measurements, and simulations are used to obtain various device and material parameters. The I-V characteristics show a high recombination rate in the depletion region; this is shown to be independent of the impurity used. It is shown that cadmium is easier to use as an acceptor for the p base and p(+) buffer and is therefore beneficial. The high quantum efficiency of 98 percent at long wavelengths measured in these cells indicates a very good collection efficiency in the base. The short-wavelength quantum efficiency is poor, indicating a high surface recombination.

Electrical characteristics of pentacene-based Schottky diodes

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lee, Y. S.; Park, J. H.; Choi, J. S.

2003-01-01

The current-voltage ( I-V), capacitance-frequency ( C-f), and capacitance-voltage ( C-V) characteristics of organic diodes with a pentacene/aluminum Sckottky contact have been investigated. From the measured diode capacitances, it is revealed that the frequency-dependent properties are related to the localized traps in the band gap of pentacene. The C-V characteristics for different test frequencies are presented. In the low frequency region, the capacitance is nearly constant with reverse bias and increase with the forward bias. With even higher forward bias, the capacitance gradually decreases, which is due to the detrapping of the trapped charges. The intrinsic charge carrier concentration in pentacene was extracted as 3.1×10 17 cm -3 from the C-V characteristics. The C-V properties of the pentacene-based metal-oxide-semiconductor structure have also studied.

Flexible $$I_{Q}\\!\\!-\\!\\!V$$ Scheme of a DFIG for Rapid Voltage Regulation of a Wind Power Plant

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Kim, Jinho; Muljadi, Eduard; Park, Jung -Wook

This paper proposes a flexible reactive current-to-voltage (I Q-V) scheme of a doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG) for the rapid voltage regulation of a wind power plant (WPP). In the proposed scheme, the WPP controller dispatches different voltage set points to the DFIGs depending on their rotor voltage margins. The DFIGs inject different reactive power with the flexible I Q-V schemes implemented in the rotor-side and grid-side converters. The I Q-V characteristic, which consists of the gain and width of a linear band and I Q capability, varies with time depending on the I Q capability of the converters and amore » voltage dip at the point of interconnection (POI). To increase the I Q capability during a fault, the active current is reduced in proportion to a voltage dip. If the I Q capability and/or the POI voltage dip are large, the I Q-V gain is set to be high, thereby providing rapid voltage regulation. To avoid an overvoltage after the fault clearance, a rapid I Q reduction scheme is implemented in the WPP and DFIG controllers. The performance of the proposed flexible scheme was verified under scenarios with various disturbances. In conclusion, the proposed scheme can help increase wind power penetration without jeopardizing voltage stability.« less

Flexible $$I_{Q}\\!\\!-\\!\\!V$$ Scheme of a DFIG for Rapid Voltage Regulation of a Wind Power Plant

DOE PAGES

Kim, Jinho; Muljadi, Eduard; Park, Jung -Wook; ...

2017-04-28

This paper proposes a flexible reactive current-to-voltage (I Q-V) scheme of a doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG) for the rapid voltage regulation of a wind power plant (WPP). In the proposed scheme, the WPP controller dispatches different voltage set points to the DFIGs depending on their rotor voltage margins. The DFIGs inject different reactive power with the flexible I Q-V schemes implemented in the rotor-side and grid-side converters. The I Q-V characteristic, which consists of the gain and width of a linear band and I Q capability, varies with time depending on the I Q capability of the converters and amore » voltage dip at the point of interconnection (POI). To increase the I Q capability during a fault, the active current is reduced in proportion to a voltage dip. If the I Q capability and/or the POI voltage dip are large, the I Q-V gain is set to be high, thereby providing rapid voltage regulation. To avoid an overvoltage after the fault clearance, a rapid I Q reduction scheme is implemented in the WPP and DFIG controllers. The performance of the proposed flexible scheme was verified under scenarios with various disturbances. In conclusion, the proposed scheme can help increase wind power penetration without jeopardizing voltage stability.« less

Ares I and Ares V concept illustrations

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2008-01-01

Shown is a concept illustration of the Ares I crew launch vehicle during launch and the Ares V cargo launch vehicle on the launch pad. Ares I will carry the Orion Crew Exploration Vehicle with an astronaut crew to Earth orbit. Ares V will deliver large-scale hardware to space. This includes the Altair Lunar Lander, materials for establishing an outpost on the moon, and the vehicles and hardware needed to extend a human presence beyond Earth orbit.

Precise measurement of charged defects in III-V compounds (supplement 2)

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Soest, J. F.

1973-01-01

Experimental methods and related theory which will permit the measurement of low concentrations of vacancies and other defects in III-V compound semiconductors are discussed. Once the nature of these defects has been determined, this information can be incorporated into a transport theory for devices constructed from these materials, and experiments conducted to test the theory. The vacancies and other defects in the III-V compounds are detected by measurement of the nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) line width. Most of the III-V compounds have at least one isotope with a nuclear quadrupole moment. In a crystal with a cubic crystal field (characteristic of most III-V compounds) there is no quadrupole splitting of the Zeeman resonance line. However, a defect removes the cubic symmetry locally and causes splitting which result in a change of the NMR width. This change can be used to detect the presence of vacancies.

Measurement of Cosmic-Ray TeV Electrons

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Schubnell, Michael; Anderson, T.; Bower, C.; Coutu, S.; Gennaro, J.; Geske, M.; Mueller, D.; Musser, J.; Nutter, S.; Park, N.; Tarle, G.; Wakely, S.

2011-09-01

The Cosmic Ray Electron Synchrotron Telescope (CREST) high-altitude balloon experiment is a pathfinding effort to detect for the first time multi-TeV cosmic-ray electrons. At these energies distant sources will not contribute to the local electron spectrum due to the strong energy losses of the electrons and thus TeV observations will reflect the distribution and abundance of nearby acceleration sites. CREST will detect electrons indirectly by measuring the characteristic synchrotron photons generated in the Earth's magnetic field. The instrument consist of an array of 1024 BaF2 crystals viewed by photomultiplier tubes surrounded by a hermetic scintillator shield. Since the primary electron itself need not traverse the payload, an effective detection area is achieved that is several times the nominal 6.4 m2 instrument. CREST is scheduled to fly in a long duration circumpolar orbit over Antarctica during the 2011-12 season.

Current-voltage characteristics of dendrimer light-emitting diodes

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Stevenson, S. G.; Samuel, I. D. W.; Staton, S. V.; Knights, K. A.; Burn, P. L.; Williams, J. H. T.; Walker, Alison B.

2010-09-01

We have investigated current-voltage (I-V) characteristics of unipolar and bipolar organic diodes that use phosphorescent dendrimers as the emissive organic layer. Through simulation of the measured I-V characteristics we were able to determine the device parameters for each device structure studied, leading to a better understanding of injection and transport behaviour in these devices. It was found that the common practice of assuming injection barriers are equal to the difference between bare electrode work functions and molecular orbital levels is unsuitable for the devices considered here, particularly for gold contacts. The studies confirm that different aromatic units in the dendrons can give significant differences in the charge transporting properties of the dendrimers.

Paramyxovirus V Proteins Interact with the RIG-I/TRIM25 Regulatory Complex and Inhibit RIG-I Signaling.

PubMed

Sánchez-Aparicio, Maria T; Feinman, Leighland J; García-Sastre, Adolfo; Shaw, Megan L

2018-03-15

Paramyxovirus V proteins are known antagonists of the RIG-I-like receptor (RLR)-mediated interferon induction pathway, interacting with and inhibiting the RLR MDA5. We report interactions between the Nipah virus V protein and both RIG-I regulatory protein TRIM25 and RIG-I. We also observed interactions between these host proteins and the V proteins of measles virus, Sendai virus, and parainfluenza virus. These interactions are mediated by the conserved C-terminal domain of the V protein, which binds to the tandem caspase activation and recruitment domains (CARDs) of RIG-I (the region of TRIM25 ubiquitination) and to the SPRY domain of TRIM25, which mediates TRIM25 interaction with the RIG-I CARDs. Furthermore, we show that V interaction with TRIM25 and RIG-I prevents TRIM25-mediated ubiquitination of RIG-I and disrupts downstream RIG-I signaling to the mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein. This is a novel mechanism for innate immune inhibition by paramyxovirus V proteins, distinct from other known V protein functions such as MDA5 and STAT1 antagonism. IMPORTANCE The host RIG-I signaling pathway is a key early obstacle to paramyxovirus infection, as it results in rapid induction of an antiviral response. This study shows that paramyxovirus V proteins interact with and inhibit the activation of RIG-I, thereby interrupting the antiviral signaling pathway and facilitating virus replication. Copyright © 2018 American Society for Microbiology.

Growth and Characteristic of Amorphous Nano-Granular TeO2-V2O5-NiO Thin Films

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hosseinzadeh, Sh.; Rahmati, A.; Bidadi, H.

2016-12-01

TeO2-V2O5-NiO thin films were deposited using thermal evaporation from 40TeO2-(60-y)V2O5-yNiO (y=0-30mol%) target. Structural analysis of the films was identified by X-ray diffractometry (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The amorphous TeO2-V2O5-NiO films have nanosized clear grain structure and sharp grain boundaries. DC conductivity and current-voltage (I-V) characteristic of TeO2-V2O5-NiO thin films were measured in the temperature range of 300-423K. As nickel oxide (NiO) content increases, the DC conductivity decreases up to two orders in value (10-9-10-11Sṡcm-1). Temperature dependence of conductivity is described using the small polaron hopping (SPH) model as well. Poole-Frenkel effect is observed at high external electric field. The optical absorption spectra of the TeO2-V2O5-NiO thin films were recorded in the wavelength range of 380-1100nm. The absorption coefficient revealed bandgap shrinkage (3.01-2.3eV) and band tail widening, due to an increase in NiO content. Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) was used to determine elemental composition. In TeO2-V2O5-NiO thin films, the NiO content is around fifth of the initial target.

30 CFR 57.22234 - Actions at 1.0 percent methane (I-A, I-B, III, V-A, and V-B mines).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

....22234 Actions at 1.0 percent methane (I-A, I-B, III, V-A, and V-B mines). (a) If methane reaches 1.0... methane reaches 1.0 percent at a main exhaust fan, electrical power underground shall be deenergized..., and all persons shall be withdrawn from the mine. (c) If methane reaches 1.0 percent at a work place...

The temperature dependence of the characteristics of crystalline-silicon-based heterojunction solar cells

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sachenko, A. V.; Kryuchenko, Yu. V.; Kostylyov, V. P.; Korkishko, R. M.; Sokolovskyi, I. O.; Abramov, A. S.; Abolmasov, S. N.; Andronikov, D. A.; Bobyl', A. V.; Panaiotti, I. E.; Terukov, E. I.; Titov, A. S.; Shvarts, M. Z.

2016-03-01

Temperature dependences of the photovoltaic characteristics of ( p)a-Si/( i)a-Si:H/( n)c-Si singlecrystalline- silicon based heterojunction-with-intrinsic-thin-layer (HIT) solar cells have been measured in a temperature range of 80-420 K. The open-circuit voltage ( V OC), fill factor ( FF) of the current-voltage ( I-U) characteristic, and maximum output power ( P max) reach limiting values in the interval of 200-250 K on the background of monotonic growth in the short-circuit current ( I SC) in a temperature range of 80-400 K. At temperatures below this interval, the V OC, FF, and P max values exhibit a decrease. It is theoretically justified that a decrease in the photovoltaic energy conversion characteristics of solar cells observed on heating from 250 to 400 K is related to exponential growth in the intrinsic conductivity. At temperatures below 200 K, the I-U curve shape exhibits a change that is accompanied by a drop in V OC. Possible factors that account for the decrease in V OC, FF, and P max are considered.

Ion temperature fluctuation measurements using a retarding field analyzer

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Nedzelskiy, I. S.; Silva, C.; Duarte, P.

2011-04-15

The retarding field analyzer (RFA) is a widely used diagnostic tool for the ion temperature measurement in the scrape-off-layer (SOL) of the thermonuclear plasma devices. However, the temporal resolution in the standard RFA application is restricted to the ms timescale. In this paper, a dc operation of the RFA is considered, which allows for the measurement of the plasma ion temperature fluctuations. The method is based on the relation for the RFA current-voltage (I-V) characteristic resulted from a common RFA model of shifted Maxwellian distribution of the analyzed ions, and the measurements of two points on the exponentially decaying regionmore » of the I-V characteristic with two differently dc biased RFA electrodes. The method has been tested and compared with conventional RFA measurements of the ion temperature in the tokamak ISTTOK SOL plasma. An ion temperature of T{sub i}= 17 eV is obtained near the limiter position. The agreement between the results of the two methods is within {approx}25%. The amplitude of the ion temperature fluctuations is found to be around 5 eV at this location. The method has been validated by taking into account the effect of fluctuations in the plasma potential and the noise contamination, proving the reliability of the results obtained. Finally, constrains to the method application are discussed that include a negligible electron emission from the RFA grids and the restriction to operate in the exponentially decaying region of the I-V characteristic.« less

Flyover noise characteristics of a tilt-wing V/STOL aircraft (XC-142A)

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Pegg, R. J.; Henderson, H. R.; Hilton, D. A.

1974-01-01

A field noise measurement investigation was conducted during the flight testing of an XC-142A tilt-wing V/STOL aircraft to define its external noise characteristics. Measured time histories of overall sound pressure level show that noise levels are higher at lower airspeeds and decrease with increased speed up to approximately 160 knots. The primary noise sources were the four high-speed, main propellers. Flyover-noise time histories calculated by existing techniques for propeller noise prediction are in reasonable agreement with the experimental data.

[Associations of short-term evaluation assessments and patient characteristics with the use of coercive measures].

PubMed

Vermeulen, R C; Nijman, H L I; van de Sande, R; Lohuis-Heesink, H A G M

Dutch mental health care institutes are currently making a tremendous effort to reduce the number of coercive measures they impose, such as seclusion. Despite this effort, a group of patients are still being subjected to enforced medication or seclusion. To obtain more knowledge about which patient characteristics are associated with coercive measures and thereby to identify signs that could be acted upon at an earlier stage to prevent deterioration of the patient's condition and reduce the need for coercive measures. We performed a prospective, naturalistic three-month study involving patients in two acute psychiatric admission wards. To collect the data we required, we used two short-term risk-assessment instruments: the Brøset Violence Checklist (BVC) and the Kennedy Axis V (KA-V). By means of statistical analyses we investigated which patient characteristics were associated with the use of coercive measures. Of the 179 patients, 52 patients (29%) were subjected to a coercive measure during the admission procedure. The following patient characteristics were found to be associated with coercive measures: a bipolar disorder, involuntarily admission, display of physical violence just before admission, scores on the BVC and the KA-V items assessing 'social skills' and 'violence'. The two BVC items 'attacks on objects' and 'display of physical violence just before admission' were the ones most strongly associated with seclusion. Although the sensitivity of the regression model was modest, the associated patient characteristics, combined with the two short-term risk assessment scores, may be helpful for identifying at an early stage those patients who run a high risk of being subjected to coercive measures.

Recent optimization of the beam-optical characteristics of the 6 MV van de Graaff accelerator for high brightness beams at the iThemba LABS NMP facility

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Conradie, J. L.; Eisa, M. E. M.; Celliers, P. J.; Delsink, J. L. G.; Fourie, D. T.; de Villiers, J. G.; Maine, P. M.; Springhorn, K. A.; Pineda-Vargas, C. A.

2005-04-01

With the aim of improving the reliability and stability of the beams delivered to the nuclear microprobe at iThemba LABS, as well as optimization of the beam characteristics along the van de Graaff accelerator beamlines in general, relevant modifications were implemented since the beginning of 2003. The design and layout of the beamlines were revised. The beam-optical characteristics through the accelerator, from the ion source up to the analysing magnet directly after the accelerator, were calculated and the design optimised, using the computer codes TRANSPORT, IGUN and TOSCA. The ion source characteristics and optimal operating conditions were determined on an ion source test bench. The measured optimal emittance for 90% of the beam intensity was about 50π mm mrad for an extraction voltage of 6 kV. These changes allow operation of the Nuclear Microprobe at proton energies in the range 1 MeV-4 MeV with beam intensities of tenths of a pA at the target surface. The capabilities of the nuclear microprobe facility were evaluated in the improved beamline, with particular emphasis to bio-medical samples.

Characteristics of pulse corona discharge over water surface

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Fujii, Tomio; Arao, Yasushi; Rea, Massimo

2008-12-01

Production of ozone and OH radical is required to advance the plasma chemical reactions in the NOx removal processes for combustion gas treatment. The corona discharge to the water surface is expected to induce the good conditions for the proceeding of the NO oxidation and the NO2 dissolution removal into water. In order to get the fundamental data of the corona discharge over the water surface, the positive and negative V-I characteristics and the ozone production were measured with the multi needle and the saw-edge type of the discharge electrodes. The pulse corona characteristics were also measured with some different waveforms of the applied pulse voltage. The experiments were carried out under the atmospheric pressure and room temperature. Both the DC and the pulse corona to the water surface showed a stable and almost the same V-I characteristics as to plate electrodes though the surface of water was waved by corona wind. The positive streamer corona showed more ozone production than the negative one both in the DC and in the pulse corona.

Geant4 simulations of the absorption of photons in CsI and NaI produced by electrons with energies up to 4 MeV and their application to precision measurements of the β-energy spectrum with a calorimetric technique

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Huyan, X.; Naviliat-Cuncic, O.; Voytas, P.; Chandavar, S.; Hughes, M.; Minamisono, K.; Paulauskas, S. V.

2018-01-01

The yield of photons produced by electrons slowing down in CsI and NaI was studied with four electromagnetic physics constructors included in the Geant4 toolkit. The subsequent absorption of photons in detector geometries used for measurements of the β spectrum shape was also studied with a focus on the determination of the absorption fraction. For electrons with energies in the range 0.5-4 MeV, the relative photon yields determined with the four Geant4 constructors differ at the level of 10-2 in amplitude and the relative absorption fractions differ at the level of 10-4 in amplitude. The differences among constructors enabled the estimation of the sensitivity to Geant4 simulations for the measurement of the β energy spectrum shape in 6He decay using a calorimetric technique with ions implanted in the active volume of detectors. The size of the effect associated with photons escaping the detectors was quantified in terms of a slope which, on average, is respectively - 5 . 4 %/MeV and - 4 . 8 %/MeV for the CsI and NaI geometries. The corresponding relative uncertainties as determined from the spread of results obtained with the four Geant4 constructors are 0.0067 and 0.0058.

IMPROVED V I log(gf) VALUES AND ABUNDANCE DETERMINATIONS IN THE PHOTOSPHERES OF THE SUN AND METAL-POOR STAR HD 84937

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Lawler, J. E.; Wood, M. P.; Den Hartog, E. A.

2015-01-01

New emission branching fraction measurements for 836 lines of the first spectrum of vanadium (V I) are determined from hollow cathode lamp spectra recorded with the National Solar Observatory 1 m Fourier transform spectrometer (FTS) and a high-resolution echelle spectrometer. The branching fractions are combined with recently published radiative lifetimes from laser-induced fluorescence measurements to determine accurate absolute atomic transition probabilities for the 836 lines. The FTS data are also used to extract new hyperfine structure A coefficients for 26 levels of neutral vanadium. These new laboratory data are applied to determine the V abundance in the Sun and metal-poormore » star HD 84937, yielding log ε(V) = 3.956 ± 0.004 (σ = 0.037) based on 93 V I lines and log ε(V) = 1.89 ± 0.03 (σ = 0.07) based on nine V I lines, respectively, using the Holweger-Müller 1D model. These new V I abundance values for the Sun and HD 84937 agree well with our earlier determinations based upon V II.« less

Measurement of the mass attenuation coefficient from 81 keV to 1333 keV for elemental materials Al, Cu and Pb

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Gjorgieva, Slavica, E-mail: slavicagjorgieva89@gmail.com; Institute of Physics, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Ss Cyril and Methodius University, POB 162, 1000 Skopje; Barandovski, Lambe, E-mail: lambe@pmf.ukim.mk

The mass attenuation coefficients (μ/ρ) for 3 high purity elemental materials Al, Cu and Pb were measured in the γ-ray energy range from 81 keV up to 1333 keV using {sup 22}Na, {sup 60}Co {sup 133}Ba and {sup 133}Cs as sources of gamma radiation. Well shielded detector (NaI (Tl) semiconductor detector) was used to measure the intensity of the transmitted beam. The measurements were made under condition of good geometry, assuring that any photon absorbed or deflected appreciably does not reach the detector. The measured values are compared with the theoretical ones obtained by Seltzer (1993).

Surface and Bulk Characteristics of Cesium Iodide (CsI) coated Carbon (C) Fibers for High Power Microwave (HPM) Field Emission Cathodes

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Vlahos, Vasilios; Morgan, Dane; Booske, John H.; Shiffler, Don

2008-11-01

CsI coated C fibers [1] are promising field emission cathodes for HPM applications. Ab initio computational modeling has shown that atomically-thin CsI coatings reduce the work function of C substrates by a surface dipole mechanism [2]. Characterization measurements of the composition and morphology of the CsI-coated C fibers are underway for determining the properties and characteristics of the following important regions of the fiber: (i) the surface on the tip of the fiber where the majority of electron emission is believed to occur, (ii) the surface covering the body of the fiber and its role on the emission properties of the system, and (iii) the interior volume of the fiber and its effects on the CsI surface re-supply process and rate. The results will be interpreted in terms of surface electronic properties and theoretical electron emission models. [1]D. Shiffler, et al., Phys. Plasmas 11 (2004) 1680. [2]V.Vlahos et al., Appl. Phys. Lett. 91 (2007) 144102.

Effects of ageing on the electrical characteristics of Zn/ZnS/n-GaAs/In structure

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Güzeldir, B.; Sağlam, M.

2016-04-01

Zn/ZnS/n-GaAs/In structure has been fabricated by the Successive Ionic Layer Adsorption and Reaction (SILAR) method and the influence of the time dependent or ageing on the characteristic parameters are examined. The current-voltage (I-V) of the structure have been measured immediately, 1, 3, 5, 15, 30, 45, 60, 75, 90, 105, 120, 135, 150 and 165 days after fabrication of this structure. The characteristics parameters of this structure such as barrier height, ideality factor, series resistance are calculated from the I-V measurements. It has been seen that the changes of characteristic parameters such as barrier height, ideality factor and series resistance of Zn/ZnS/n-GaAs/In structure have lightly changed with increasing ageing time.

Characterization of WB/SiC Schottky Barrier Diodes Using I-V-T Method

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Aldridge, James; Oder, Tom

2009-04-01

The importance of silicon carbide (SiC) semiconductor for high temperature and high power microelectronic device applications has long been established. We have fabricated SiC Schottky barrier diodes using tungsten boride (WB) as the Schottky contact. The diodes were characterized using the current-voltage-temperature method. The sample was mounted on a heated stage and the temperature varied from about 25 ^oC to 300 ^oC at intervals of 25 ^oC. From the Richardson's plot, we obtained an energy barrier height of 0.96 eV and a Richardson's constant of 71.2 AK-1cm-2. Using the modified Richardson's plot, we obtained a barrier height of 1.01 eV. From the variation of the ideality factor and the temperature, we determined a characteristic energy of 0.02 eV to 0.04 eV across the range of the measurement temperature. This implies that thermionic emission is dominant in the low measurement temperature range. Our results confirm the excellent thermal stability of WB/SiC Schottky barrier diodes.

Temperature dependent electrical characteristics of Zn/ZnSe/n-GaAs/In structure

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sağlam, M.; Güzeldir, B.

2016-04-01

We have reported a study of the I-V characteristics of Zn/ZnSe/n-GaAs/In sandwich structure in a wide temperature range of 80-300 K by a step of 20 K, which are prepared by Successive Ionic Layer Adsorption and Reaction (SILAR) method. The main electrical parameters, such as ideality factor and zero-bias barrier height determined from the forward bias I-V characteristics were found strongly depend on temperature and when the increased, the n decreased with increasing temperature. The ideality factor and barrier height values as a function of the sample temperature have been attributed to the presence of the lateral inhomogeneities of the barrier height. Furthermore, the series resistance have been calculated from the I-V measurements as a function of temperature dependent.

Generation of human iPSCs from an essential thrombocythemia patient carrying a V501L mutation in the MPL gene.

PubMed

Liu, Senquan; Ye, Zhaohui; Gao, Yongxing; He, Chaoxia; Williams, Donna W; Moliterno, Alison; Spivak, Jerry; Huang, He; Cheng, Linzhao

2017-01-01

Activating point mutations in the MPL gene encoding the thrombopoietin receptor are found in 3%-10% of essential thrombocythemia (ET) and myelofibrosis patients. Here, we report the derivation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from an ET patient with a heterozygous MPL V501L mutation. Peripheral blood CD34 + progenitor cells were reprogrammed by transient plasmid expression of OCT4, SOX2, KLF4, c-MYC plus BCL2L1 (BCL-xL) genes. The derived line M494 carries a MPL V501L mutation, displays typical iPSC morphology and characteristics, are pluripotent and karyotypically normal. Upon differentiation, the iPSCs are able to differentiate into cells derived from three germ layers. Copyright © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Absolute activity measurements with the windowless 4π-CsI(Tl)-sandwich spectrometer

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Denecke, B.

1994-01-01

The windowless 4π-CsI(Tl)-sandwich spectrometer consists of two scintillation crystals sandwiching radioactive sources deposited on thin plastic foils. This configuration has a solid angle very close to 4π sr. The detectors are sensitive to charged particles with energies > 15 keV and measure photons of 15-200 keV with a probability > 98%. Disintegration rates of samples of radionuclides with complex decay modes can be determined directly from the measured count rates with uncertainties below 0.3%. Radionuclide solutions of 57Co, 109Cd, 125I, 152Eu and 192Ir were standardised, partly in the framework of international comparisons. A detailed description of the spectrometer and the measurement procedure is given.

Effects of Post Annealing on I-V-T Characteristics of (Ni/Au)/Al0.09Ga0.91N Schottky Barrier Diodes

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Akkaya, Abdullah; Ayyıldız, Enise

2016-04-01

Post annealing is a simple, effective and suitable method for improving the diode parameters, especially when the used chemically stable substrates like Si, III-N and ternary alloys. In our work, we were applied this method to (Ni/Au)/Al0.09Ga0.91N Schottky Barrier Diodes (SBDs) and investigated by temperature-dependent current-voltage (I-V-T) characteristics at optimum conditions. Optimum annealing temperature was 600°C, which it’s determined with respect to have a highest barrier height value. The temperature-dependent electrical characteristics of the annealed at 600°C (Ni/Au)/Al0.09Ga0.91N SBDs were investigated in the wide temperature range of 95-315K. The diode parameters such as ideality factor (n) and Schottky barrier height (Vb0) were obtained to be strongly temperature dependent. The observed variation in Vb0 and n can be attributed to the spatial barrier inhomogeneities in Schottky barrier height by assuming a triple Gaussian distribution (TGD) of barrier heights (BHs) at 95-145K, 145-230K and 230-315K. The modified Richardson plots and T0 analysis was performed to provide an experimental Richardson constants and bias coefficients of the mean barrier height. Furthermore, the chemical composition of the contacts was examined by the XPS depth profile analysis.

Current Voltage Characteristics and Excess Noise at the Trap Filling Transition in Polyacenes

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Pousset, Jeremy; Alfinito, Eleonora; Carbone, Anna; Pennetta, Cecilia; Reggiani, Lino

Experiments in organic semiconductors (polyacenes) evidence a strong super quadratic increase of the current-voltage (I-V) characteristic at voltages in the transition region between linear (Ohmic) and quadratic (trap-free space-charge-limited current) behaviors. Similarly, excess noise measurements at a given frequency and increasing voltages evidence a sharp peak of the relative spectral density of the current noise in concomitance with the strong superquadratic I-V characteristics. Here, we discuss the physical interpretation of these experiments in terms of an essential contribution from field-assisted trapping-detrapping processes of injected carriers. To this purpose, the fraction of filled traps determined by the I-V characteristics is used to evaluate the excess noise in the trap-filled transition (TFT) regime. We have found an excellent agreement between the predictions of our model and existing experimental results in tetracene and pentacene thin films of different length in the range 0.65÷35μm.

I-V Curves from Photovoltaic Modules Deployed in Tucson

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kopp, Emily; Brooks, Adria; Lonij, Vincent; Cronin, Alex

2011-10-01

More than 30 Mega Watts of photo-voltaic (PV) modules are connected to the electric power grid in Tucson, AZ. However, predictions of PV system electrical yields are uncertain, in part because PV modules degrade at various rates (observed typically in the range 0% to 3 %/yr). We present I-V curves (PV output current as a function of PV output voltage) as a means to study PV module efficiency, de-ratings, and degradation. A student-made I-V curve tracer for 100-Watt modules will be described. We present I-V curves for several different PV technologies operated at an outdoor test yard, and we compare new modules to modules that have been operated in the field for 10 years.

Studies on plasmon characteristics and the local density of states of Au and Ag based nanoparticles

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Vinod, M.; Biju, V.; Gopchandran, K. G.

2016-01-01

Knowledge about the conductive properties and the local density of states of chemically pure Au, Ag, Ag@Au core-shell and Au-Ag bimetallic nanoparticles is technologically important. Herein, the I-V characteristics and the density of states derived from scanning tunneling microscopy measurements made under atmospheric conditions is reported. The nanoparticles in thin film form used in this study were prepared by laser ablation in water followed by drop and evaporation. The morphology of the surface of the nanostructures was observed from optimizing tunneling current in each case. The monometallic Au and Ag particles shows almost similar current characteristics as well as discrete energy states but the slope of I-V characteristics was different for bimetallic structures. An attempt has also been made to compare the current measurements done in the nanoscale with the surface plasmon characteristics.

Rotation-Activity Correlations in K and M Dwarfs. I. Stellar Parameters and Compilations of v sin I and P/sin I for a Large Sample of Late-K and M Dwarfs

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Houdebine, E. R.; Mullan, D. J.; Paletou, F.; Gebran, M.

2016-05-01

The reliable determination of rotation-activity correlations (RACs) depends on precise measurements of the following stellar parameters: T eff, parallax, radius, metallicity, and rotational speed v sin I. In this paper, our goal is to focus on the determination of these parameters for a sample of K and M dwarfs. In a future paper (Paper II), we will combine our rotational data with activity data in order to construct RACs. Here, we report on a determination of effective temperatures based on the (R-I) C color from the calibrations of Mann et al. and Kenyon & Hartmann for four samples of late-K, dM2, dM3, and dM4 stars. We also determine stellar parameters (T eff, log(g), and [M/H]) using the principal component analysis-based inversion technique for a sample of 105 late-K dwarfs. We compile all effective temperatures from the literature for this sample. We determine empirical radius-[M/H] correlations in our stellar samples. This allows us to propose new effective temperatures, stellar radii, and metallicities for a large sample of 612 late-K and M dwarfs. Our mean radii agree well with those of Boyajian et al. We analyze HARPS and SOPHIE spectra of 105 late-K dwarfs, and we have detected v sin I in 92 stars. In combination with our previous v sin I measurements in M and K dwarfs, we now derive P/sin I measures for a sample of 418 K and M dwarfs. We investigate the distributions of P/sin I, and we show that they are different from one spectral subtype to another at a 99.9% confidence level. Based on observations available at Observatoire de Haute Provence and the European Southern Observatory databases and on Hipparcos parallax measurements.

30 CFR 57.22228 - Preshift examination (I-A, I-C, II-A, III, and V-A mines).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Preshift examination (I-A, I-C, II-A, III, and V-A mines). 57.22228 Section 57.22228 Mineral Resources MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION... Preshift examination (I-A, I-C, II-A, III, and V-A mines). (a) Preshift examinations shall be conducted...

30 CFR 57.22228 - Preshift examination (I-A, I-C, II-A, III, and V-A mines).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Preshift examination (I-A, I-C, II-A, III, and V-A mines). 57.22228 Section 57.22228 Mineral Resources MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION... Preshift examination (I-A, I-C, II-A, III, and V-A mines). (a) Preshift examinations shall be conducted...

The anchoring effect on the spin transport properties and I-V characteristics of pentacene molecular devices suspended between nickel electrodes.

PubMed

Caliskan, S; Laref, A

2014-07-14

Spin-polarized transport properties are determined for pentacene sandwiched between Ni surface electrodes with various anchoring ligands. These calculations are carried out using spin density functional theory in tandem with a non-equilibrium Green's function technique. The presence of a Se atom at the edge of the pentacene molecule significantly modifies the transport properties of the device because Se has a different electronegativity than S. Our theoretical results clearly show a larger current for spin-up electrons than for spin-down electrons in the molecular junction that is attached asymmetrically across the Se linker at one side of the Ni electrodes (in an APL magnetic orientation). Moreover, this molecular junction exhibits pronounced NDR as the bias voltage is increased from 0.8 to 1.0 V. However, this novel NDR behavior is only detected in this promising pentacene molecular device. The NDR in the current-voltage (I-V) curve results from the narrowness of the density of states for the molecular states. The feasibility of controlling the TMR is also predicted in these molecular device nanostructures. Spin-dependent transmission calculations show that the sign and strength of the current-bias voltage characteristics and the TMR could be tailored for the organic molecule devices. These molecular junctions are joined symmetrically and asymmetrically between Ni metallic probes across the S and Se atoms (at the ends of the edges of the pentacene molecule). Our theoretical findings show that spin-valve phenomena can occur in these prototypical molecular junctions. The TMR and NDR results show that nanoscale junctions with spin valves could play a vital role in the production of novel functional molecular devices.

Measurements on wave propagation characteristics of spiraling electron beams

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Singh, A.; Getty, W. D.

1976-01-01

Dispersion characteristics of cyclotron-harmonic waves propagating on a neutralized spiraling electron beam immersed in a uniform axial magnetic field are studied experimentally. The experimental setup consisted of a vacuum system, an electron-gun corkscrew assembly which produces a 110-eV beam with the desired delta-function velocity distribution, a measurement region where a microwave signal is injected onto the beam to measure wavelengths, and a velocity analyzer for measuring the axial electron velocity. Results of wavelength measurements made at beam currents of 0.15, 1.0, and 2.0 mA are compared with calculated values, and undesirable effects produced by increasing the beam current are discussed. It is concluded that a suitable electron beam for studies of cyclotron-harmonic waves can be generated by the corkscrew device.

A Surface Formulation for Characteristic Modes of Material Bodies

DTIC Science & Technology

1974-10-01

42 CHAPTER 3 4: CHARACTERISTIC MODES - A SURFACE FORMULATION 3.1 Theoretical Development The treatment of characteristic modes for perfectly...cgs* i + y mp ein•£ (A6 V; 1 TP At • CA6 I --- 4 1 o#i ajk(X MPcoeo* + umpsin# ) Iim n p-l1 Tp -Ax sin#i + Ay co* ] i (A-7) A4 APPWOIX II fill I vIal

Using failure mode and effects analysis to plan implementation of smart i.v. pump technology.

PubMed

Wetterneck, Tosha B; Skibinski, Kathleen A; Roberts, Tanita L; Kleppin, Susan M; Schroeder, Mark E; Enloe, Myra; Rough, Steven S; Hundt, Ann Schoofs; Carayon, Pascale

2006-08-15

Failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA) was used to evaluate a smart i.v. pump as it was implemented into a redesigned medication-use process. A multidisciplinary team conducted a FMEA to guide the implementation of a smart i.v. pump that was designed to prevent pump programming errors. The smart i.v. pump was equipped with a dose-error reduction system that included a pre-defined drug library in which dosage limits were set for each medication. Monitoring for potential failures and errors occurred for three months postimplementation of FMEA. Specific measures were used to determine the success of the actions that were implemented as a result of the FMEA. The FMEA process at the hospital identified key failure modes in the medication process with the use of the old and new pumps, and actions were taken to avoid errors and adverse events. I.V. pump software and hardware design changes were also recommended. Thirteen of the 18 failure modes reported in practice after pump implementation had been identified by the team. A beneficial outcome of FMEA was the development of a multidisciplinary team that provided the infrastructure for safe technology implementation and effective event investigation after implementation. With the continual updating of i.v. pump software and hardware after implementation, FMEA can be an important starting place for safe technology choice and implementation and can produce site experts to follow technology and process changes over time. FMEA was useful in identifying potential problems in the medication-use process with the implementation of new smart i.v. pumps. Monitoring for system failures and errors after implementation remains necessary.

Low-flow characteristics for streams on the Islands of Kauaʻi, Oʻahu, Molokaʻi, Maui, and Hawaiʻi, State of Hawaiʻi

USGS Publications Warehouse

Cheng, Chui Ling

2016-08-03

Statistical models were developed to estimate natural streamflow under low-flow conditions for streams with existing streamflow data at measurement sites on the Islands of Kauaʻi, Oʻahu, Molokaʻi, Maui, and Hawaiʻi. Streamflow statistics used to describe the low-flow characteristics are flow-duration discharges that are equaled or exceeded between 50 and 95 percent of the time during the 30-year base period 1984–2013. Record-augmentation techniques were applied to develop statistical models relating concurrent streamflow data at the measurement sites and long-term data from nearby continuous-record streamflow-gaging stations that were in operation during the base period and were selected as index stations. Existing data and subsequent low-flow analyses of the available data help to identify streams in under-represented geographic areas and hydrogeologic settings where additional data collection is suggested.Low-flow duration discharges were estimated for 107 measurement sites (including long-term and short-term continuous-record streamflow-gaging stations, and partial-record stations) and 27 index stations. The adequacy of statistical models was evaluated with correlation coefficients and modified Nash-Sutcliff coefficients of efficiency, and a majority of the low-flow duration-discharge estimates are satisfactory based on these regression statistics.Molokaʻi and Hawaiʻi have the fewest number of measurement sites (that are not located on ephemeral stream reaches) at which flow-duration discharges were estimated, which can be partially explained by the limited number of index stations available on these islands that could be used for record augmentation. At measurement sites on some tributary streams, low-flow duration discharges could not be estimated because no adequate correlations could be developed with the index stations. These measurement sites are located on streams where duration-discharge estimates are available at long-term stations at other

Congestion based mechanism for route discovery in a V2I-V2V system applying smart devices and IoT.

PubMed

Parrado, Natalia; Donoso, Yezid

2015-03-31

The Internet of Things is a new paradigm in which objects in a specific context can be integrated into traditional communication networks to actively participate in solving a determined problem. The Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) and Vehicle-to-Infrastructure (V2I) technologies are specific cases of IoT and key enablers for Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS). V2V and V2I have been widely used to solve different problems associated with transportation in cities, in which the most important is traffic congestion. A high percentage of congestion is usually presented by the inappropriate use of resources in vehicular infrastructure. In addition, the integration of traffic congestion in decision making for vehicular traffic is a challenge due to its high dynamic behavior. In this paper, an optimization model over the load balancing in the congestion percentage of the streets is formulated. Later, we explore a fully congestion-oriented route discovery mechanism and we make a proposal on the communication infrastructure that should support it based on V2I and V2V communication. The mechanism is also compared with a modified Dijkstra's approach that reacts at congestion states. Finally, we compare the results of the efficiency of the vehicle's trip with the efficiency in the use of the capacity of the vehicular network.

Congestion Based Mechanism for Route Discovery in a V2I-V2V System Applying Smart Devices and IoT

PubMed Central

Parrado, Natalia; Donoso, Yezid

2015-01-01

The Internet of Things is a new paradigm in which objects in a specific context can be integrated into traditional communication networks to actively participate in solving a determined problem. The Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) and Vehicle-to-Infrastructure (V2I) technologies are specific cases of IoT and key enablers for Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS). V2V and V2I have been widely used to solve different problems associated with transportation in cities, in which the most important is traffic congestion. A high percentage of congestion is usually presented by the inappropriate use of resources in vehicular infrastructure. In addition, the integration of traffic congestion in decision making for vehicular traffic is a challenge due to its high dynamic behavior. In this paper, an optimization model over the load balancing in the congestion percentage of the streets is formulated. Later, we explore a fully congestion-oriented route discovery mechanism and we make a proposal on the communication infrastructure that should support it based on V2I and V2V communication. The mechanism is also compared with a modified Dijkstra’s approach that reacts at congestion states. Finally, we compare the results of the efficiency of the vehicle’s trip with the efficiency in the use of the capacity of the vehicular network. PMID:25835185

Measurement of 0.511-MeV gamma rays with a balloon-borne Ge/Li/ spectrometer

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Ling, J. C.; Mahoney, W. A.; Willett, J. B.; Jacobson, A. S.

1977-01-01

A collimated high-resolution gamma ray spectrometer was flown on a balloon over Palestine, Texas, on June 10, 1974, to obtain measurements of the terrestrial and extraterrestrial 0.511-MeV gamma rays. The spectrometer consists of four 40-cu-cm Ge(Li) crystals operating in the energy range 0.06-10 MeV; this cluster of detectors is surrounded by a CsI(Na) anticoincidence shield. This system is used primarily to allow measurements of the two escape peaks associated with high-energy gamma ray lines. It also allows a measurement of the background component of the 0.511-MeV flux produced by beta(+) decays in materials inside the CsI(Na) shield. It is shown that the measurements of the atmospheric fluxes are consistent with earlier results after allowance is made for an additional component of the background due to beta(+) decays produced by neutron- and proton-initiated interactions with materials in and near the detector. Results of the extraterrestrial flux require an extensive detailed analysis of the time-varying background because of activation buildup and balloon spatial drifts.

Electrical interface characteristics (I-V), optical time of flight measurements, and the x-ray (20 keV) signal response of amorphous-selenium/crystalline-silicon heterojunction structures

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hunter, David M.; Ho, Chu An; Belev, George; De Crescenzo, Giovanni; Kasap, Safa O.; Yaffe, Martin J.

2011-03-01

We have investigated the dark current, optical TOF (time of flight) properties, and the X-ray response of amorphousselenium (a-Se)/crystalline-silicon (c-Si) heterostructures for application in digital radiography. The structures have been studied to determine if an x-ray generated electron signal, created in an a-Se layer, could be directly transferred to a c-Si based readout device such as a back-thinned CCD (charge coupled device). A simple first order band-theory of the structure indicates that x-ray generated electrons should transfer from the a-Se to the c-Si, while hole transfer from p-doped c-Si to the a-Se should be blocked, permitting a low dark signal as required. The structures we have tested have a thin metal bias electrode on the x-ray facing side of the a-Se which is deposited on the c-Si substrate. The heterostructures made with pure a-Se deposited on epitaxial p-doped (5×10 14 cm-3) c-Si exhibited very low dark current of 15 pA cm-2 at a negative bias field of 10 V μm-1 applied to the a-Se. The optical TOF (time of flight) measurements show that the applied bias drops almost entirely across the a-Se layer and that the a-Se hole and electron mobilities are within the range of commonly accepted values. The x-ray signal measurements demonstrate the structure has the expected x-ray quantum efficiency. We have made a back-thinned CCD coated with a-Se and although most areas of the device show a poor x-ray response, it does contain small regions which do work properly with the expected x-ray sensitivity. Improved understanding of the a-Se/c-Si interface and preparation methods should lead to properly functioning devices.

Pressure Anisotropy Measurements on the Terrestrial Reconnection Experiment

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Myers, Rachel; Egedal, Jan; Olson, Joseph; Greess, Samuel; Millet-Ayala, Alexander; Clark, Michael; Nonn, Paul; Wallace, John; Forest, Cary

2017-10-01

The Terrestrial Reconnection Experiment (TREX) at the Wisconsin Plasma Astrophysics Laboratory (WiPAL) studies collisionless magnetic reconnection. In this regime, electron pressure anisotropy should develop, deviating from Hall reconnection dynamics and driving large-scale current layer formation. A multi-tip version of the M-probe of Shadman, containing 32 Langmuir probe tips and two magnetic coils, measures this anisotropy. Each tip is biased to a different potential, simultaneously measuring discrete parts of the I-V characteristic. Pulsing the coil locally increases the magnetic field near the tips, inducing a magnetic mirror force to reflect electrons with large values of v⊥ / v . The change in velocity modifies the I-V characteristic and can be used to infer p∥ /p⊥ . Results and analysis from the probe are presented. This research was conducted with support from a UW-Madison University Fellowship as well as the NSF/DOE award DE-SC0013032.

The effects of gamma irradiation on electrical characteristics of Zn/ZnO/n-Si/Au-Sb structure

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Salari, M. Abdolahpour; Güzeldir, B.; Saǧlam, M.

2018-02-01

In this research, we have investigated the electrical characteristics of Zn/ZnO/n-Si/Au-Sb structure before and after 60Co gamma (γ)-ray source irradiation with the total dose range of 0-500 kGy at room temperature. Electrical measurements of this structure have been performed using current-voltage (I-V) and capacitance-voltage (C-V) techniques. Experimental results show that the values of the ideality factor obtained from I-V measurements increased and the values of the barrier height obtained from reverse-bias C-V measurements decreased after gamma-irradiation. The results show that the main effect of the radiation is the generation of laterally inhomogeneous defects near the semiconductor surface.

Pulse I-V characterization of a nano-crystalline oxide device with sub-gap density of states

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kim, Taeho; Hur, Ji-Hyun; Jeon, Sanghun

2016-05-01

Understanding the charge trapping nature of nano-crystalline oxide semiconductor thin film transistors (TFTs) is one of the most important requirements for their successful application. In our investigation, we employed a fast-pulsed I-V technique for understanding the charge trapping phenomenon and for characterizing the intrinsic device performance of an amorphous/nano-crystalline indium-hafnium-zinc-oxide semiconductor TFT with varying density of states in the bulk. Because of the negligible transient charging effect with a very short pulse, the source-to-drain current obtained with the fast-pulsed I-V measurement was higher than that measured by the direct-current characterization method. This is because the fast-pulsed I-V technique provides a charge-trap free environment, suggesting that it is a representative device characterization methodology of TFTs. In addition, a pulsed source-to-drain current versus time plot was used to quantify the dynamic trapping behavior. We found that the charge trapping phenomenon in amorphous/nano-crystalline indium-hafnium-zinc-oxide TFTs is attributable to the charging/discharging of sub-gap density of states in the bulk and is dictated by multiple trap-to-trap processes.

Pulse I-V characterization of a nano-crystalline oxide device with sub-gap density of states.

PubMed

Kim, Taeho; Hur, Ji-Hyun; Jeon, Sanghun

2016-05-27

Understanding the charge trapping nature of nano-crystalline oxide semiconductor thin film transistors (TFTs) is one of the most important requirements for their successful application. In our investigation, we employed a fast-pulsed I-V technique for understanding the charge trapping phenomenon and for characterizing the intrinsic device performance of an amorphous/nano-crystalline indium-hafnium-zinc-oxide semiconductor TFT with varying density of states in the bulk. Because of the negligible transient charging effect with a very short pulse, the source-to-drain current obtained with the fast-pulsed I-V measurement was higher than that measured by the direct-current characterization method. This is because the fast-pulsed I-V technique provides a charge-trap free environment, suggesting that it is a representative device characterization methodology of TFTs. In addition, a pulsed source-to-drain current versus time plot was used to quantify the dynamic trapping behavior. We found that the charge trapping phenomenon in amorphous/nano-crystalline indium-hafnium-zinc-oxide TFTs is attributable to the charging/discharging of sub-gap density of states in the bulk and is dictated by multiple trap-to-trap processes.

Vibrational energy transfer in OH X 2Pi(i), v = 2 and 1

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Raiche, George A.; Jeffries, Jay B.; Rensberger, Karen J.; Crosley, David R.

1990-01-01

Using an IR-pump/UV-probe method in a flow discharge cell, vibrational energy transfer in OH X 2Pi(i) has been studied. OH is prepared in v = 2 by overtone excitation, and the time evolution of population in v = 2 and 1 monitored by laser-induced fluorescence. Rate constants for vibrational relaxation by the colliders H2O, NH3, CO2, and CH4 were measured. Ratios of rate constants for removal from the two states, k2/k1, range from two to five.

Electrical characteristics of multilayer MoS2 FET's with MoS2/graphene heterojunction contacts.

PubMed

Kwak, Joon Young; Hwang, Jeonghyun; Calderon, Brian; Alsalman, Hussain; Munoz, Nini; Schutter, Brian; Spencer, Michael G

2014-08-13

The electrical properties of multilayer MoS2/graphene heterojunction transistors are investigated. Temperature-dependent I-V measurements indicate the concentration of unintentional donors in exfoliated MoS2 to be 3.57 × 10(11) cm(-2), while the ionized donor concentration is determined as 3.61 × 10(10) cm(-2). The temperature-dependent measurements also reveal two dominant donor levels, one at 0.27 eV below the conduction band and another located at 0.05 eV below the conduction band. The I-V characteristics are asymmetric with drain bias voltage and dependent on the junction used for the source or drain contact. I-V characteristics of the device are consistent with a long channel one-dimensional field-effect transistor model with Schottky contact. Utilizing devices, which have both graphene/MoS2 and Ti/MoS2 contacts, the Schottky barrier heights of both interfaces are measured. The charge transport mechanism in both junctions was determined to be either thermionic-field emission or field emission depending on bias voltage and temperature. On the basis of a thermionic field emission model, the barrier height at the graphene/MoS2 interface was determined to be 0.23 eV, while the barrier height at the Ti/MoS2 interface was 0.40 eV. The value of Ti/MoS2 barrier is higher than previously reported values, which did not include the effects of thermionic field emission.

Vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) program.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2017-01-01

Vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) communication, which involves the exchange of safety and operational data between vehicles and elements of the transportation infrastructure, offers a wide range of safety, mobility and environmental benefits. When car...

Controlling postoperative use of i.v. acetaminophen at an academic medical center.

PubMed

Vincent, William R; Huiras, Paul; Empfield, Jennifer; Horbowicz, Kevin J; Lewis, Keith; McAneny, David; Twitchell, David

2018-04-15

Results of an interprofessional formulary initiative to decrease postoperative prescribing of i.v. acetaminophen are reported. After a medical center added i.v. acetaminophen to its formulary, increased prescribing of the i.v. formulation and a 3-fold price increase resulted in monthly spending of more than $40,000, prompting an organizationwide effort to curtail that cost while maintaining effective pain management. The surgery, anesthesia, and pharmacy departments applied the Institute for Healthcare Improvement's Model for Improvement to implement (1) pharmacist-led enforcement of prescribing restrictions, (2) retrospective evaluation of i.v. acetaminophen's impact on rates of opioid-related adverse effects, (3) restriction of prescribing of the drug to 1 postoperative dose on select patient care services, and (4) guideline-driven pain management according to an enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) protocol. Monitored metrics included the monthly i.v. acetaminophen prescribing rate, the proportion of i.v. acetaminophen orders requiring pharmacist intervention to enforce prescribing restrictions, and prescribing rates for select adjunctive analgesics. Within a year of project implementation, the mean monthly i.v. acetaminophen prescribing rate decreased by 83% from baseline to about 6 doses per 100 patient-days, with a decline in the monthly drug cost to about $4,000. Documented pharmacist interventions increased 2.7-fold, and use of oral acetaminophen, ketorolac, and gabapentin in ERAS areas increased by 18% overall. An interprofessional initiative at a large medical center reduced postoperative use of i.v. acetaminophen by more than 80% and yielded over $400,000 in annual cost savings. Copyright © 2018 by the American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, Inc. All rights reserved.

ROTATION–ACTIVITY CORRELATIONS IN K AND M DWARFS. I. STELLAR PARAMETERS AND COMPILATIONS OF v sin i AND P /sin i FOR A LARGE SAMPLE OF LATE-K AND M DWARFS

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Houdebine, E. R.; Mullan, D. J.; Paletou, F.

The reliable determination of rotation–activity correlations (RACs) depends on precise measurements of the following stellar parameters: T {sub eff}, parallax, radius, metallicity, and rotational speed v sin i . In this paper, our goal is to focus on the determination of these parameters for a sample of K and M dwarfs. In a future paper (Paper II), we will combine our rotational data with activity data in order to construct RACs. Here, we report on a determination of effective temperatures based on the ( R – I ){sub C} color from the calibrations of Mann et al. and Kenyon andmore » Hartmann for four samples of late-K, dM2, dM3, and dM4 stars. We also determine stellar parameters ( T {sub eff}, log( g ), and [M/H]) using the principal component analysis–based inversion technique for a sample of 105 late-K dwarfs. We compile all effective temperatures from the literature for this sample. We determine empirical radius–[M/H] correlations in our stellar samples. This allows us to propose new effective temperatures, stellar radii, and metallicities for a large sample of 612 late-K and M dwarfs. Our mean radii agree well with those of Boyajian et al. We analyze HARPS and SOPHIE spectra of 105 late-K dwarfs, and we have detected v sin i in 92 stars. In combination with our previous v sin i measurements in M and K dwarfs, we now derive P /sin i measures for a sample of 418 K and M dwarfs. We investigate the distributions of P /sin i , and we show that they are different from one spectral subtype to another at a 99.9% confidence level.« less

Current-voltage characteristics of double stranded versus single stranded DNA molecules

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hartzell, B.; Chen, Hong; Heremans, J. J.; McCord, B.; Soghomonian, V.

2004-03-01

Investigation of DNA conductivity has focused on the native, duplex structure, with controversial results. Here, we present the influence of the double-helical structure on charge transport through lambda DNA molecules. The current-voltage (I-V) characteristics of both disulfide-labeled double stranded DNA (dsDNA) and disulfide-labeled single stranded DNA (ssDNA) were measured. The ssDNA was formed from the dsDNA using two different methods for comparison purposes: a thermal/chemical denaturation and enzymatic digestion utilizing lambda exonuclease. Resulting I-V characteristics of both the double stranded and single stranded samples were close-to-linear when measured at room temperature. However, the ssDNA samples consistently gave conductivity values about two orders of magnitude smaller in amplitude. Our results suggest an integral relationship between the native structure of DNA with its stacked base pairs and the molecule's ability to support charge transport.(NSF NIRT 0103034)

I.v. and intraarterial hybrid digital subtraction angiography: clinical evaluation.

PubMed

Foley, W D; Beres, J; Smith, D F; Bell, R M; Milde, M W; Lipchik, E O

1986-09-01

Temporal/energy (hybrid) subtraction is a technique for removing soft-tissue motion artifact from digital subtraction angiograms. The diagnostic utility of hybrid subtraction for i.v. and intraarterial angiography was assessed in the first 9 months of operation of a dedicated production system. In i.v. carotid arteriography (N = 127), hybrid subtraction (H) provided a double-profile projection of the carotid bifurcation in an additional 14% of studies, compared with temporal subtraction (T) alone (H79:T48, p less than 0.001). However, a change in estimated percent stenosis or additional diagnostic information occurred in only 2% of studies. In i.v. abdominal arteriography (N = 23), hybrid subtraction, compared with temporal subtraction, provided a diagnostic examination in an additional 14% of studies (H20:T17); however, this difference is not statistically significant. An additional three i.v. abdominal angiograms were nondiagnostic. In intraarterial abdominal (N = 98) and pelvic (N = 60) angiography, hybrid subtraction provided a diagnostic examination in an additional 5% of studies (abdomen H94:T90, pelvis H58:T56); this difference was not statistically significant. An additional 5% of all intraarterial abdominal and pelvic digital subtraction angiographic studies were considered nondiagnostic. Hybrid subtraction provides a double-profile view of the carotid bifurcation in a significant number of patients. However, apart from some potential for improved i.v. abdominal arteriography, hybrid subtraction does not result in significant improvement in comparison to conventional temporal-subtraction techniques.

Measurement of underlying event characteristics using charged particles in pp collisions at s=900GeV and 7 TeV with the ATLAS detector

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Aad, G.; Abbott, B.; Abdallah, J.; Abdelalim, A. A.; Abdesselam, A.; Abdinov, O.; Abi, B.; Abolins, M.; Abramowicz, H.; Abreu, H.; Acerbi, E.; Acharya, B. S.; Ackers, M.; Adams, D. L.; Addy, T. N.; Adelman, J.; Aderholz, M.; Adomeit, S.; Adragna, P.; Adye, T.; Aefsky, S.; Aguilar-Saavedra, J. A.; Aharrouche, M.; Ahlen, S. P.; Ahles, F.; Ahmad, A.; Ahmed, H.; Ahsan, M.; Aielli, G.; Akdogan, T.; Åkesson, T. P. A.; Akimoto, G.; Akimov, A. V.; Alam, M. S.; Alam, M. A.; Albrand, S.; Aleksa, M.; Aleksandrov, I. N.; Aleppo, M.; Alessandria, F.; Alexa, C.; Alexander, G.; Alexandre, G.; Alexopoulos, T.; Alhroob, M.; Aliev, M.; Alimonti, G.; Alison, J.; Aliyev, M.; Allport, P. P.; Allwood-Spiers, S. E.; Almond, J.; Aloisio, A.; Alon, R.; Alonso, A.; Alonso, J.; Alviggi, M. G.; Amako, K.; Amaral, P.; Amelung, C.; Ammosov, V. V.; Amorim, A.; Amorós, G.; Amram, N.; Anastopoulos, C.; Andeen, T.; Anders, C. F.; Anderson, K. J.; Andreazza, A.; Andrei, V.; Andrieux, M.-L.; Anduaga, X. S.; Angerami, A.; Anghinolfi, F.; Anjos, N.; Annovi, A.; Antonaki, A.; Antonelli, M.; Antonelli, S.; Antos, J.; Antunovic, B.; Anulli, F.; Aoun, S.; Apolle, R.; Arabidze, G.; Aracena, I.; Arai, Y.; Arce, A. T. H.; Archambault, J. P.; Arfaoui, S.; Arguin, J.-F.; Argyropoulos, T.; Arik, E.; Arik, M.; Armbruster, A. J.; Arms, K. E.; Armstrong, S. R.; Arnaez, O.; Arnault, C.; Artamonov, A.; Arutinov, D.; Asai, S.; Asfandiyarov, R.; Ask, S.; Åsman, B.; Asquith, L.; Assamagan, K.; Astbury, A.; Astvatsatourov, A.; Atoian, G.; Aubert, B.; Auerbach, B.; Auge, E.; Augsten, K.; Aurousseau, M.; Austin, N.; Avramidou, R.; Axen, D.; Ay, C.; Azuelos, G.; Azuma, Y.; Baak, M. A.; Baccaglioni, G.; Bacci, C.; Bach, A. M.; Bachacou, H.; Bachas, K.; Bachy, G.; Backes, M.; Badescu, E.; Bagnaia, P.; Bai, Y.; Bailey, D. C.; Bain, T.; Baines, J. T.; Baker, O. K.; Baker, S.; Baltasar Dos Santos Pedrosa, F.; Banas, E.; Banerjee, P.; Banerjee, Sw.; Banfi, D.; Bangert, A.; Bansal, V.; Bansil, H. 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M.; Romeo, G.; Romero Maltrana, D.; Roos, L.; Ros, E.; Rosati, S.; Rose, M.; Rosenbaum, G. A.; Rosenberg, E. I.; Rosendahl, P. L.; Rosselet, L.; Rossetti, V.; Rossi, E.; Rossi, L. P.; Rossi, L.; Rotaru, M.; Roth, I.; Rothberg, J.; Rottländer, I.; Rousseau, D.; Royon, C. R.; Rozanov, A.; Rozen, Y.; Ruan, X.; Rubinskiy, I.; Ruckert, B.; Ruckstuhl, N.; Rud, V. I.; Rudolph, G.; Rühr, F.; Ruggieri, F.; Ruiz-Martinez, A.; Rulikowska-Zarebska, E.; Rumiantsev, V.; Rumyantsev, L.; Runge, K.; Runolfsson, O.; Rurikova, Z.; Rusakovich, N. A.; Rust, D. R.; Rutherfoord, J. P.; Ruwiedel, C.; Ruzicka, P.; Ryabov, Y. F.; Ryadovikov, V.; Ryan, P.; Rybkin, G.; Ryder, N. C.; Rzaeva, S.; Saavedra, A. F.; Sadeh, I.; Sadrozinski, H. F.-W.; Sadykov, R.; Safai Tehrani, F.; Sakamoto, H.; Salamanna, G.; Salamon, A.; Saleem, M.; Salihagic, D.; Salnikov, A.; Salt, J.; Salvachua Ferrando, B. M.; Salvatore, D.; Salvatore, F.; Salvucci, A.; Salzburger, A.; Sampsonidis, D.; Samset, B. H.; Sandaker, H.; Sander, H. G.; Sanders, M. P.; Sandhoff, M.; Sandhu, P.; Sandoval, T.; Sandstroem, R.; Sandvoss, S.; Sankey, D. P. C.; Sansoni, A.; Santamarina Rios, C.; Santoni, C.; Santonico, R.; Santos, H.; Saraiva, J. G.; Sarangi, T.; Sarkisyan-Grinbaum, E.; Sarri, F.; Sartisohn, G.; Sasaki, O.; Sasaki, T.; Sasao, N.; Satsounkevitch, I.; Sauvage, G.; Savard, P.; Savinov, V.; Savva, P.; Sawyer, L.; Saxon, D. H.; Says, L. P.; Sbarra, C.; Sbrizzi, A.; Scallon, O.; Scannicchio, D. A.; Schaarschmidt, J.; Schacht, P.; Schäfer, U.; Schaetzel, S.; Schaffer, A. C.; Schaile, D.; Schamberger, R. D.; Schamov, A. G.; Scharf, V.; Schegelsky, V. A.; Scheirich, D.; Scherzer, M. I.; Schiavi, C.; Schieck, J.; Schioppa, M.; Schlenker, S.; Schlereth, J. L.; Schmidt, E.; Schmidt, M. P.; Schmieden, K.; Schmitt, C.; Schmitz, M.; Schöning, A.; Schott, M.; Schouten, D.; Schovancova, J.; Schram, M.; Schreiner, A.; Schroeder, C.; Schroer, N.; Schroers, M.; Schuh, S.; Schuler, G.; Schultes, J.; Schultz-Coulon, H.-C.; Schumacher, J. W.; Schumacher, M.; Schumm, B. A.; Schune, Ph.; Schwanenberger, C.; Schwartzman, A.; Schweiger, D.; Schwemling, Ph.; Schwienhorst, R.; Schwierz, R.; Schwindling, J.; Scott, W. G.; Searcy, J.; Sedykh, E.; Segura, E.; Seidel, S. C.; Seiden, A.; Seifert, F.; Seixas, J. M.; Sekhniaidze, G.; Seliverstov, D. M.; Sellden, B.; Sellers, G.; Seman, M.; Semprini-Cesari, N.; Serfon, C.; Serin, L.; Seuster, R.; Severini, H.; Sevior, M. E.; Sfyrla, A.; Shabalina, E.; Shamim, M.; Shan, L. Y.; Shank, J. T.; Shao, Q. T.; Shapiro, M.; Shatalov, P. B.; Shaver, L.; Shaw, C.; Shaw, K.; Sherman, D.; Sherwood, P.; Shibata, A.; Shimizu, S.; Shimojima, M.; Shin, T.; Shmeleva, A.; Shochet, M. J.; Short, D.; Shupe, M. A.; Sicho, P.; Sidoti, A.; Siebel, A.; Siegert, F.; Siegrist, J.; Sijacki, Dj.; Silbert, O.; Silva, J.; Silver, Y.; Silverstein, D.; Silverstein, S. B.; Simak, V.; Simic, Lj.; Simion, S.; Simmons, B.; Simonyan, M.; Sinervo, P.; Sinev, N. B.; Sipica, V.; Siragusa, G.; Sisakyan, A. N.; Sivoklokov, S. Yu.; Sjölin, J.; Sjursen, T. B.; Skinnari, L. A.; Skovpen, K.; Skubic, P.; Skvorodnev, N.; Slater, M.; Slavicek, T.; Sliwa, K.; Sloan, T. J.; Sloper, J.; Smakhtin, V.; Smirnov, S. Yu.; Smirnova, L. N.; Smirnova, O.; Smith, B. C.; Smith, D.; Smith, K. M.; Smizanska, M.; Smolek, K.; Snesarev, A. A.; Snow, S. W.; Snow, J.; Snuverink, J.; Snyder, S.; Soares, M.; Sobie, R.; Sodomka, J.; Soffer, A.; Solans, C. A.; Solar, M.; Solc, J.; Soldevila, U.; Solfaroli Camillocci, E.; Solodkov, A. A.; Solovyanov, O. V.; Sondericker, J.; Soni, N.; Sopko, V.; Sopko, B.; Sorbi, M.; Sosebee, M.; Soukharev, A.; Spagnolo, S.; Spanò, F.; Spighi, R.; Spigo, G.; Spila, F.; Spiriti, E.; Spiwoks, R.; Spousta, M.; Spreitzer, T.; Spurlock, B.; St. Denis, R. D.; Stahl, T.; Stahlman, J.; Stamen, R.; Stanecka, E.; Stanek, R. W.; Stanescu, C.; Stapnes, S.; Starchenko, E. A.; Stark, J.; Staroba, P.; Starovoitov, P.; Staude, A.; Stavina, P.; Stavropoulos, G.; Steele, G.; Stefanidis, E.; Steinbach, P.; Steinberg, P.; Stekl, I.; Stelzer, B.; Stelzer, H. J.; Stelzer-Chilton, O.; Stenzel, H.; Stevenson, K.; Stewart, G. A.; Stockmanns, T.; Stockton, M. C.; Stodulski, M.; Stoerig, K.; Stoicea, G.; Stonjek, S.; Strachota, P.; Stradling, A. R.; Straessner, A.; Strandberg, J.; Strandberg, S.; Strandlie, A.; Strang, M.; Strauss, E.; Strauss, M.; Strizenec, P.; Ströhmer, R.; Strom, D. M.; Strong, J. A.; Stroynowski, R.; Strube, J.; Stugu, B.; Stumer, I.; Stupak, J.; Sturm, P.; Soh, D. A.; Su, D.; Subramania, S.; Sugaya, Y.; Sugimoto, T.; Suhr, C.; Suita, K.; Suk, M.; Sulin, V. V.; Sultansoy, S.; Sumida, T.; Sun, X.; Sundermann, J. E.; Suruliz, K.; Sushkov, S.; Susinno, G.; Sutton, M. R.; Suzuki, Y.; Sviridov, Yu. M.; Swedish, S.; Sykora, I.; Sykora, T.; Szeless, B.; Sánchez, J.; Ta, D.; Tackmann, K.; Taffard, A.; Tafirout, R.; Taga, A.; Taiblum, N.; Takahashi, Y.; Takai, H.; Takashima, R.; Takeda, H.; Takeshita, T.; Talby, M.; Talyshev, A.; Tamsett, M. C.; Tanaka, J.; Tanaka, R.; Tanaka, S.; Tanaka, S.; Tanaka, Y.; Tani, K.; Tannoury, N.; Tappern, G. P.; Tapprogge, S.; Tardif, D.; Tarem, S.; Tarrade, F.; Tartarelli, G. F.; Tas, P.; Tasevsky, M.; Tassi, E.; Tatarkhanov, M.; Taylor, C.; Taylor, F. E.; Taylor, G.; Taylor, G. N.; Taylor, W.; Teixeira Dias Castanheira, M.; Teixeira-Dias, P.; Temming, K. K.; Ten Kate, H.; Teng, P. K.; Tennenbaum-Katan, Y. D.; Terada, S.; Terashi, K.; Terron, J.; Terwort, M.; Testa, M.; Teuscher, R. J.; Tevlin, C. M.; Thadome, J.; Therhaag, J.; Theveneaux-Pelzer, T.; Thioye, M.; Thoma, S.; Thomas, J. P.; Thompson, E. N.; Thompson, P. D.; Thompson, P. D.; Thompson, A. S.; Thomson, E.; Thomson, M.; Thun, R. P.; Tic, T.; Tikhomirov, V. O.; Tikhonov, Y. A.; Timmermans, C. J. W. P.; Tipton, P.; Tique Aires Viegas, F. J.; Tisserant, S.; Tobias, J.; Toczek, B.; Todorov, T.; Todorova-Nova, S.; Toggerson, B.; Tojo, J.; Tokár, S.; Tokunaga, K.; Tokushuku, K.; Tollefson, K.; Tomoto, M.; Tompkins, L.; Toms, K.; Tonazzo, A.; Tong, G.; Tonoyan, A.; Topfel, C.; Topilin, N. D.; Torchiani, I.; Torrence, E.; Torró Pastor, E.; Toth, J.; Touchard, F.; Tovey, D. R.; Traynor, D.; Trefzger, T.; Treis, J.; Tremblet, L.; Tricoli, A.; Trigger, I. M.; Trincaz-Duvoid, S.; Trinh, T. N.; Tripiana, M. F.; Triplett, N.; Trischuk, W.; Trivedi, A.; Trocmé, B.; Troncon, C.; Trottier-McDonald, M.; Trzupek, A.; Tsarouchas, C.; Tseng, J. C.-L.; Tsiakiris, M.; Tsiareshka, P. V.; Tsionou, D.; Tsipolitis, G.; Tsiskaridze, V.; Tskhadadze, E. G.; Tsukerman, I. I.; Tsulaia, V.; Tsung, J.-W.; Tsuno, S.; Tsybychev, D.; Tua, A.; Tuggle, J. M.; Turala, M.; Turecek, D.; Turk Cakir, I.; Turlay, E.; Tuts, P. M.; Tykhonov, A.; Tylmad, M.; Tyndel, M.; Typaldos, D.; Tyrvainen, H.; Tzanakos, G.; Uchida, K.; Ueda, I.; Ueno, R.; Ugland, M.; Uhlenbrock, M.; Uhrmacher, M.; Ukegawa, F.; Unal, G.; Underwood, D. G.; Undrus, A.; Unel, G.; Unno, Y.; Urbaniec, D.; Urkovsky, E.; Urquijo, P.; Urrejola, P.; Usai, G.; Uslenghi, M.; Vacavant, L.; Vacek, V.; Vachon, B.; Vahsen, S.; Valderanis, C.; Valenta, J.; Valente, P.; Valentinetti, S.; Valkar, S.; Valladolid Gallego, E.; Vallecorsa, S.; Valls Ferrer, J. A.; van der Graaf, H.; van der Kraaij, E.; van der Poel, E.; van der Ster, D.; van Eijk, B.; van Eldik, N.; van Gemmeren, P.; van Kesteren, Z.; van Vulpen, I.; Vandelli, W.; Vandoni, G.; Vaniachine, A.; Vankov, P.; Vannucci, F.; Varela Rodriguez, F.; Vari, R.; Varnes, E. W.; Varouchas, D.; Vartapetian, A.; Varvell, K. E.; Vassilakopoulos, V. I.; Vazeille, F.; Vegni, G.; Veillet, J. J.; Vellidis, C.; Veloso, F.; Veness, R.; Veneziano, S.; Ventura, A.; Ventura, D.; Ventura, S.; Venturi, M.; Venturi, N.; Vercesi, V.; Verducci, M.; Verkerke, W.; Vermeulen, J. C.; Vertogardov, L.; Vetterli, M. C.; Vichou, I.; Vickey, T.; Viehhauser, G. H. A.; Viel, S.; Villa, M.; Villaplana Perez, M.; Vilucchi, E.; Vincter, M. G.; Vinek, E.; Vinogradov, V. B.; Virchaux, M.; Viret, S.; Virzi, J.; Vitale, A.; Vitells, O.; Vivarelli, I.; Vives Vaque, F.; Vlachos, S.; Vlasak, M.; Vlasov, N.; Vogel, A.; Vokac, P.; Volpi, M.; Volpini, G.; von der Schmitt, H.; von Loeben, J.; von Radziewski, H.; von Toerne, E.; Vorobel, V.; Vorobiev, A. P.; Vorwerk, V.; Vos, M.; Voss, R.; Voss, T. T.; Vossebeld, J. H.; Vovenko, A. S.; Vranjes, N.; Vranjes Milosavljevic, M.; Vrba, V.; Vreeswijk, M.; Vu Anh, T.; Vuillermet, R.; Vukotic, I.; Wagner, W.; Wagner, P.; Wahlen, H.; Wahrmund, S.; Wakabayashi, J.; Walbersloh, J.; Walch, S.; Walder, J.; Walker, R.; Walkowiak, W.; Wall, R.; Waller, P.; Wang, C.; Wang, H.; Wang, J.; Wang, J. C.; Wang, S. M.; Warburton, A.; Ward, C. P.; Warsinsky, M.; Wastie, R.; Watkins, P. M.; Watson, A. T.; Watson, M. F.; Watts, G.; Watts, S.; Waugh, A. T.; Waugh, B. M.; Weber, J.; Weber, M.; Weber, M. S.; Weber, P.; Weidberg, A. R.; Weingarten, J.; Weiser, C.; Wellenstein, H.; Wells, P. S.; Wen, M.; Wenaus, T.; Wendler, S.; Weng, Z.; Wengler, T.; Wenig, S.; Wermes, N.; Werner, M.; Werner, P.; Werth, M.; Wessels, M.; Whalen, K.; Wheeler-Ellis, S. J.; Whitaker, S. P.; White, A.; White, M. J.; Whitehead, S. R.; Whiteson, D.; Whittington, D.; Wicek, F.; Wicke, D.; Wickens, F. J.; Wiedenmann, W.; Wielers, M.; Wienemann, P.; Wiglesworth, C.; Wiik, L. A. M.; Wildauer, A.; Wildt, M. A.; Wilhelm, I.; Wilkens, H. G.; Will, J. Z.; Williams, E.; Williams, H. H.; Willis, W.; Willocq, S.; Wilson, J. A.; Wilson, M. G.; Wilson, A.; Wingerter-Seez, I.; Winkelmann, S.; Winklmeier, F.; Wittgen, M.; Wolter, M. W.; Wolters, H.; Wooden, G.; Wosiek, B. K.; Wotschack, J.; Woudstra, M. J.; Wraight, K.; Wright, C.; Wrona, B.; Wu, S. L.; Wu, X.; Wulf, E.; Wunstorf, R.; Wynne, B. M.; Xaplanteris, L.; Xella, S.; Xie, S.; Xie, Y.; Xu, C.; Xu, D.; Xu, G.; Yabsley, B.; Yamada, M.; Yamamoto, A.; Yamamoto, K.; Yamamoto, S.; Yamamura, T.; Yamaoka, J.; Yamazaki, T.; Yamazaki, Y.; Yan, Z.; Yang, H.; Yang, S.; Yang, U. K.; Yang, Y.; Yang, Y.; Yang, Z.; Yanush, S.; Yao, W.-M.; Yao, Y.; Yasu, Y.; Ye, J.; Ye, S.; Yilmaz, M.; Yoosoofmiya, R.; Yorita, K.; Yoshida, R.; Young, C.; Youssef, S.; Yu, D.; Yu, J.; Yu, J.; Yuan, L.; Yurkewicz, A.; Zaets, V. G.; Zaidan, R.; Zaitsev, A. M.; Zajacova, Z.; Zalite, Yo. K.; Zanello, L.; Zarzhitsky, P.; Zaytsev, A.; Zdrazil, M.; Zeitnitz, C.; Zeller, M.; Zema, P. F.; Zemla, A.; Zendler, C.; Zenin, A. V.; Zenin, O.; Ženiš, T.; Zenonos, Z.; Zenz, S.; Zerwas, D.; Zevi Della Porta, G.; Zhan, Z.; Zhang, H.; Zhang, J.; Zhang, X.; Zhang, Z.; Zhao, L.; Zhao, T.; Zhao, Z.; Zhemchugov, A.; Zheng, S.; Zhong, J.; Zhou, B.; Zhou, N.; Zhou, Y.; Zhu, C. G.; Zhu, H.; Zhu, Y.; Zhuang, X.; Zhuravlov, V.; Zieminska, D.; Zilka, B.; Zimmermann, R.; Zimmermann, S.; Zimmermann, S.; Ziolkowski, M.; Zitoun, R.; Živković, L.; Zmouchko, V. V.; Zobernig, G.; Zoccoli, A.; Zolnierowski, Y.; Zsenei, A.; Zur Nedden, M.; Zutshi, V.; Zwalinski, L.

2011-06-01

Measurements of charged particle distributions, sensitive to the underlying event, have been performed with the ATLAS detector at the LHC. The measurements are based on data collected using a minimum-bias trigger to select proton-proton collisions at center-of-mass energies of 900 GeV and 7 TeV. The “underlying event” is defined as those aspects of a hadronic interaction attributed not to the hard scattering process, but rather to the accompanying interactions of the rest of the proton. Three regions are defined in azimuthal angle with respect to the highest transverse momentum charged particle in the event, such that the region transverse to the dominant momentum-flow is most sensitive to the underlying event. In each of these regions, distributions of the charged particle multiplicity, transverse momentum density, and average pT are measured. The data show generally higher underlying event activity than that predicted by Monte Carlo models tuned to pre-LHC data.

Lifetime Measurement in the Yrast Band of 119I

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lobach, Yu. N.; Pasternak, A. A.; Srebrny, J.; Droste, Ch.; Hagemann, G. B.; Juutinen, S.; Morek, T.; Piiparinen, M.; Podsvirova, E. O.; Toermaenen, S.; Starosta, K.; Virtanen, A.; Wasilewski, A. A.

1999-05-01

The lifetime of levels in the yrast band of 119I were measured by DSAM and RDM using the 109Ag (13C,3n) reaction at E=54 MeV. The detailed description of data analysis including the stopping power determination and estimation of side feeding time is given. A modified method of RDM data analysis --- Recoil Distance Doppler Shape Attenuation (RDDSA) is used.

K-RasV14I recapitulates Noonan syndrome in mice

PubMed Central

Hernández-Porras, Isabel; Fabbiano, Salvatore; Schuhmacher, Alberto J.; Aicher, Alexandra; Cañamero, Marta; Cámara, Juan Antonio; Cussó, Lorena; Desco, Manuel; Heeschen, Christopher; Mulero, Francisca; Bustelo, Xosé R.; Guerra, Carmen; Barbacid, Mariano

2014-01-01

Noonan syndrome (NS) is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder characterized by short stature, craniofacial dysmorphism, and congenital heart defects. NS also is associated with a risk for developing myeloproliferative disorders (MPD), including juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia (JMML). Mutations responsible for NS occur in at least 11 different loci including KRAS. Here we describe a mouse model for NS induced by K-RasV14I, a recurrent KRAS mutation in NS patients. K-RasV14I–mutant mice displayed multiple NS-associated developmental defects such as growth delay, craniofacial dysmorphia, cardiac defects, and hematologic abnormalities including a severe form of MPD that resembles human JMML. Homozygous animals had perinatal lethality whose penetrance varied with genetic background. Exposure of pregnant mothers to a MEK inhibitor rescued perinatal lethality and prevented craniofacial dysmorphia and cardiac defects. However, Mek inhibition was not sufficient to correct these defects when mice were treated after weaning. Interestingly, Mek inhibition did not correct the neoplastic MPD characteristic of these mutant mice, regardless of the timing at which the mice were treated, thus suggesting that MPD is driven by additional signaling pathways. These genetically engineered K-RasV14I–mutant mice offer an experimental tool for studying the molecular mechanisms underlying the clinical manifestations of NS. Perhaps more importantly, they should be useful as a preclinical model to test new therapies aimed at preventing or ameliorating those deficits associated with this syndrome. PMID:25359213

Measurement Of Gas Electron Multiplier (GEM) Detector Characteristics

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Park, Seongtae; Baldelomar, Edwin; Park, Kwangjune; Sosebee, Mark; White, Andy; Yu, Jaehoon

2011-06-01

The High Energy Physics group of the University of Texas at Arlington has been developing gas electron multiplier detectors to use them as sensitive gap detectors in digital hadron calorimeters for the International Linear Collider, a future high energy particle accelerator. For this purpose, we constructed numerous GEM detectors that employ double GEM layers. In this study, two kinds of prototype GEM detectors were tested; one with 28×28 cm2 active area double GEM structure with a 3 mm drift gap, a 1 mm transfer gap and a 1 mm induction gap and the other with two 3×3 cm2 GEM foils in the amplifier stage with a 5 mm drift gap, a 2 mm transfer gap and a 1 mm induction gap. The detectors' characteristics from exposure to high-energy charged particles and other radiations were measured using cosmic rays and 55Fe radioactive source. From the 55Fe tests, we observed two well separated characteristic X-ray emission peaks and confirmed the detectors' functionality. We also measured chamber gains to be over 6000 at a high voltage of 395 V across each GEM electrode. The responses to cosmic rays show the spectra that fit well to Landau distributions as expected from minimum ionizing particles.

Angular distribution measurements of photo-neutron yields produced by 2.0 GeV electrons incident on thick targets.

PubMed

Lee, Hee-Seock; Ban, Syuichi; Sanami, Toshiya; Takahashi, Kazutoshi; Sato, Tatsuhiko; Shin, Kazuo; Chung, Chinwha

2005-01-01

A study of differential photo-neutron yields by irradiation with 2 GeV electrons has been carried out. In this extension of a previous study in which measurements were made at an angle of 90 degrees relative to incident electrons, the differential photo-neutron yield was obtained at two other angles, 48 degrees and 140 degrees, to study its angular characteristics. Photo-neutron spectra were measured using a pulsed beam time-of-flight method and a BC418 plastic scintillator. The reliable range of neutron energy measurement was 8-250 MeV. The neutron spectra were measured for 10 Xo-thick Cu, Sn, W and Pb targets. The angular distribution characteristics, together with the previous results for 90 degrees, are presented in the study. The experimental results are compared with Monte Carlo calculation results. The yields predicted by MCNPX 2.5 tend to underestimate the measured ones. The same trend holds for the comparison results using the EGS4 and PICA3 codes.

Measurement system for determination of current-voltage characteristics of PV modules

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Idzkowski, Adam; Walendziuk, Wojciech; Borawski, Mateusz; Sawicki, Aleksander

2015-09-01

The realization of a laboratory stand for testing photovoltaic panels is presented here. The project of the laboratory stand was designed in SolidWorks software. The aim of the project was to control the electrical parameters of a PV panel. For this purpose a meter that measures electrical parameters i.e. voltage, current and power, was realized. The meter was created with the use of LabJack DAQ device and LabVIEW software. The presented results of measurements were obtained in different conditions (variable distance from the source of light, variable tilt angle of the panel). Current voltage characteristics of photovoltaic panel were created and all parameters could be detected in different conditions. The standard uncertainties of sample voltage, current, power measurements were calculated. The paper also gives basic information about power characteristics and efficiency of a solar cell.

Effect of pegaptanib sodium 0.3 mg intravitreal injections (Macugen) in intraocular pressure: posthoc analysis from V.I.S.I.O.N. study.

PubMed

Boyer, David S; Goldbaum, Mauro; Leys, Anita M; Starita, Carla

2014-11-01

To assess the rate of pegaptanib-associated sustained intraocular pressure (IOP) elevation. A posthoc analysis was conducted on all IOP measurements, except the immediate 30-min postinjection, from all subjects randomised to pegaptanib 0.3 mg or sham injections continuously in the first 2 years of the Vascular endothelial growth factor Inhibition Study in Ocular Neovascularisation (V.I.S.I.O.N.) study. Measurements were taken with Goldmann applanation tonometer or Tonopen, except at baseline and in cases of an IOP reading >30 mm Hg when a Goldmann applanation tonometer was mandatory. Of 221 subjects, IOP measurements ≥22 mm Hg were seen in 28/114 and 23/107 subjects of the pegaptanib and sham subgroups, respectively (p=0.6338) and measurements ≥24 mm Hg were observed in eight and eight subjects in the pegaptanib and sham groups, respectively. More than two measurements ≥22 mm Hg occurred in six and 10 subjects (p=0.3025), and more than two measurements ≥24 mm Hg were observed in one and four subjects in the pegaptanib and sham groups, respectively. One patient with sustained IOP elevation in the pegaptanib study group, and four in the sham group, had IOP lowering medication added during the course of the study. No subject required glaucoma surgery. In V.I.S.I.O.N., after 2 years, there was no evidence of sustained IOP elevation associated with pegaptanib 0.3 mg use. NCT00321997. Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://group.bmj.com/group/rights-licensing/permissions.

Characteristics of Un doped and Europium-dopedSrI2 Scintillator Detectors

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Sturm, Benjamin; Cherepy, Nerine; Drury, Owen

2012-01-01

High energy resolution gamma-ray detectors that can be formed into relatively large sizes while operating at room temperature offer many advantages for national security applications. We are working toward that goal through the development of SrI{sub 2}(Eu) scintillator detectors, which routinely provide <;3.0% energy resolution at 662 keV with volumes >;10 cm{sup 3}. In this study, we have tested pure, undoped SrI{sub 2} to gain a better understanding of the scintillation properties and spectroscopic performance achievable without activation. An undoped crystal grown from 99.999% pure SrI{sub 2} pellets was tested for its spectroscopic performance, its light yield, and uniformity ofmore » scintillation light collection as a function of gamma-ray interaction position relative to the crystal growth direction. Undoped SrI{sub 2} was found to provide energy resolution of 5.3% at 662 keV, and the light collection nonuniformity varied by only 0.72% over the length of the crystal. Measurements of both a 3% Eu-doped and the undoped SrI{sub 2} crystal were carried out in the SLYNCI facility and indicate differences in their light yield non-proportionality. The surprisingly good scintillation properties of the pure SrI{sub 2} crystal suggests that with high-purity feedstock, further reduction of the Eu concentration can be made to grow larger crystals while not adversely impacting the spectroscopic performance.« less

ARES I AND ARES V CONCEPT IMAGE

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2008-01-01

THIS CONCEPT IMAGE SHOWS NASA'S NEXT GENERATION LAUNCH VEHICLE SYSTEMS STANDING SIDE BY SIDE. ARES I, LEFT, IS THE CREW LAUNCH VEHICLE THAT WILL CARRY THE ORION CREW EXPLORATION VEHICLE TO SPACE. ARES V IS THE CARGO LAUNCH VEHICLE THAT WILL DELIVER LARGE SCALE HARDWARE, INCLUDING THE LUNAR LANDER, TO SPACE.

Features of current-voltage characteristic of nonequilibrium trench MOS barrier Schottky diode

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mamedov, R. K.; Aslanova, A. R.

2018-06-01

The trench MOS barrier Schottky diodes (TMBS diode) under the influence of the voltage drop of the additional electric field (AEF) appearing in the near-contact region of the semiconductor are in a nonequilibrium state and their closed external circuit flows currents in the absence of an external voltage. When an external voltage is applied to the TMBS diode, the current transmission is described by the thermionic emission theory with a specific feature. Both forward and reverse I-V characteristics of the TMBS diode consist of two parts. In the initial first part of the forward I-V characteristic there are no forward currents, but reverse saturation currents flow, in its subsequent second part the currents increase exponentially with the voltage. In the initial first part of the reverse I-V characteristic, the currents increase in an abrupt way and in the subsequent second part the saturation currents flow under the action of the image force. The mathematical expressions for forward and reverse I-V characteristic of the TMBS diode and also narrow or nanostructure Schottky diode are proposed, which are in good agreement with the results of experimental and calculated I-V characteristics.

Developing iCare v.1.0: an academic electronic health record.

PubMed

Wyatt, Tami H; Li, Xueping; Indranoi, Chayawat; Bell, Matthew

2012-06-01

An electronic health record application, iCare v.1.0, was developed and tested that allows data input and retrieval while tracking student performance over time. The development and usability testing of iCare v.1.0 followed a rapid prototyping software development and testing model. Once the functionality was tested by engineers, the usability and feasibility testing began with a convenience sample of focus group members including undergraduate and graduate students and faculty. Three focus groups were created, and four subjects participated in each focus group (n = 12). Nielsen's usability heuristics and methods of evaluation were used to evaluate data captured from each focus group. Overall, users wanted a full-featured electronic health record with features that coached or guided users. The earliest versions of iCare v.1.0 did not provide help features and prompts to guide students but were later added. Future versions will incorporate a full-featured help section. The interface and design of iCare v.1.0 are similar to professional electronic health record applications. As a result of this usability study, future versions of iCare will include more robust help features along with advanced reporting and elements specific to specialty populations such as pediatrics and mental health services.

Obtaining i.v. fosfomycin through an expanded-access protocol.

PubMed

Frederick, Corey M; Burnette, Jennifer; Aragon, Laura; Gauthier, Timothy P

2016-08-15

One hospital's experience with procuring i.v. fosfomycin via an expanded-access protocol to treat a panresistant infection is described. In mid-2014, a patient at a tertiary care institution had an infection caused by a gram-negative pathogen expressing notable drug resistance. Once it was determined by the infectious diseases (ID) attending physician that i.v. fosfomycin was a possible treatment for this patient, the ID pharmacist began the process of drug procurement. The research and ID pharmacists completed an investigational new drug (IND) application, which required patient-specific details and contributions from the ID physician. After obtaining approval of the IND, an Internet search identified a product vendor in the United Kingdom, who was then contacted to begin the drug purchasing and acquisition processes. Authorization of the transaction required signatures from key senior hospital administrators, including the chief financial officer and the chief operating officer. Approximately 6 days after beginning the acquisition process, the research pharmacist arranged for the wholesaler to expedite product delivery. The ID pharmacist contacted the wholesaler's shipping company at the U.S. Customs Office, providing relevant contact information to ensure that any unexpected circumstances could be quickly addressed. The product arrived at the U.S. Customs Office 8 days after beginning the acquisition process and was held in the U.S. Customs Office for 2 days. The patient received the first dose of i.v. fosfomycin 13 days after starting the expanded-access protocol process. I.V. fosfomycin was successfully procured through an FDA expanded-access protocol by coordinating efforts among ID physicians, pharmacists, and hospital executives. Copyright © 2016 by the American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, Inc. All rights reserved.

Differential conductance (dI/dV) imaging of a heterojunction-nanorod

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kundu, Biswajit; Bera, Abhijit; Pal, Amlan J.

2017-03-01

Through scanning tunneling spectroscopy, we envisage imaging a heterostructure, namely a junction formed in a single nanorod. While the differential conductance spectrum provides location of conduction and valence band edges, dI/dV images record energy levels of materials. Such dI/dV images at different voltages allowed us to view p- and n-sections of heterojunction nanorods and more importantly the depletion region in such a junction that has a type-II band alignment. Viewing of selective sections in a heterojunction occurred due to band-bending in the junction and is correlated to the density of states spectrum of the individual semiconductors. The dI/dV images recorded at different voltages could be used to generate a band diagram of a pn junction.

Nonlinear current-voltage characteristics based on semiconductor nanowire networks enable a new concept in thermoelectric device optimization

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Diaz Leon, Juan J.; Norris, Kate J.; Hartnett, Ryan J.; Garrett, Matthew P.; Tompa, Gary S.; Kobayashi, Nobuhiko P.

2016-08-01

Thermoelectric (TE) devices that produce electric power from heat are driven by a temperature gradient (Δ T = T_{{hot}} - T_{{cold}}, T hot: hot side temperature, T cold: cold side temperature) with respect to the average temperature ( T). While the resistance of TE devices changes as Δ T and/or T change, the current-voltage ( I- V) characteristics have consistently been shown to remain linear, which clips generated electric power ( P gen) within the given open-circuit voltage ( V OC) and short-circuit current ( I SC). This P gen clipping is altered when an appropriate nonlinearity is introduced to the I- V characteristics—increasing P gen. By analogy, photovoltaic cells with a large fill factor exhibit nonlinear I- V characteristics. In this paper, the concept of a unique TE device with nonlinear I- V characteristics is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. A single TE device with nonlinear I- V characteristics is fabricated by combining indium phosphide (InP) and silicon (Si) semiconductor nanowire networks. These TE devices show P gen that is more than 25 times larger than those of comparable devices with linear I- V characteristics. The plausible causes of the nonlinear I- V characteristics are discussed. The demonstrated concept suggests that there exists a new pathway to increase P gen of TE devices made of semiconductors.

Characteristics of n-GaN after ICP etching

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Han, Yanjun; Xue, Song; Guo, Wenping; Hao, Zhi-Biao; Sun, Changzheng; Luo, Yi

2002-09-01

In this work, a systematic study on the plasma-induced damage on n-type GaN by inductively coupled plasma (ICP) etching is presented. After n-contact metal formation and annealing, electrical property is evaluated by the I-V characteristics. Room temperature photoluminescence (PL) measurement of etched GaN surfaces is performed to investigate the etching damage on the optical properties of n-type GaN. Investigation of the effect of additive gas RF chuck power on these characteristics has also been carried out. The better etching conditions have been obtained based on these results.

Determination of intrinsic mobility of a bilayer oxide thin-film transistor by pulsed I-V method

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Woo, Hyunsuk; Kim, Taeho; Hur, Jihyun; Jeon, Sanghun

2017-04-01

Amorphous oxide semiconductor thin-film transistors (TFT) have been considered as outstanding switch devices owing to their high mobility. However, because of their amorphous channel material with a certain level of density of states, a fast transient charging effect in an oxide TFT occurs, leading to an underestimation of the mobility value. In this paper, the effects of the fast charging of high-performance bilayer oxide semiconductor TFTs on mobility are examined in order to determine an accurate mobility extraction method. In addition, an approach based on a pulse I D -V G measurement method is proposed to determine the intrinsic mobility value. Even with the short pulse I D -V G measurement, a certain level of fast transient charge trapping cannot be avoided as long as the charge-trap start time is shorter than the pulse rising time. Using a pulse-amplitude-dependent threshold voltage characterization method, we estimated a correction factor for the apparent mobility, thus allowing us to determine the intrinsic mobility.

I-V characterization of a quantum well infrared photodetector with stepped and graded barriers

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Nutku, F.; Erol, A.; Gunes, M.; Buklu, L. B.; Ergun, Y.; Arikan, M. C.

2012-09-01

I-V characterization of an n-type quantum well infrared photodetector which consists of stepped and graded barriers has been done under dark at temperatures between 20-300 K. Different current transport mechanisms and transition between them have been observed at temperature around 47 K. Activation energies of the electrons at various bias voltages have been obtained from the temperature dependent I-V measurements. Activation energy at zero bias has been calculated by extrapolating the bias dependence of the activation energies. Ground state energies and barrier heights of the four different quantum wells have been calculated by using an iterative technique, which depends on experimentally obtained activation energy. Ground state energies also have been calculated with transfer matrix technique and compared with iteration results. Incorporating the effect of high electron density induced electron exchange interaction on ground state energies; more consistent results with theoretical transfer matrix calculations have been obtained.

Characteristics of Type I PSCs Derived from POAM Observations

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Strawa, Anthony W.; Drdla, Katja; Bokarius, Konstantin; Fromm, Michael D.; Alfred, Jerome M.

2004-01-01

The characteristics of Polar Ozone and Aerosol Measurement III (POAM 3) observations of Type I Arctic Polar Stratospheric Clouds (PSCs) from 1998 to 2003 are studied using a scheme that discriminates Type la from Ib PSCs. The PSCs observed in these years are studied simultaneously by aligning the day in each year when the temperature associated with a POAM observation first reaches T(sub NAT). It is observed that PSC formation occurs within days of the minimum observation temperature reaching T(sub NAT) and that the majority of these first PSCs are Type Ia. Our observations support the hypothesis that heterogeneous freezing contributes at least in part to the freezing of solid phase PSCs.

Influence of Illumination on the Electrical Properties of p-(ZnMgTe/ZnTe:N)/CdTe/n-(CdTe:I)/GaAs Heterojunction Grown by Molecular Beam Epitaxy (MBE)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jum'h, I.; Abd El-Sadek, M. S.; Al-Taani, H.; Yahia, I. S.; Karczewski, G.

2017-02-01

Heterostructure p-(ZnMgTe/ZnTe:N)/CdTe/n-(CdTe:I)/GaAs was evaporated using molecular beam epitaxy and investigated for photovoltaic energy conversion application. The electrical properties of the studied heterostructure were measured and characterized in order to understand the relevant electrical transport mechanisms. Electrical properties derived from the current-voltage ( I- V) characteristics of solar cells provide essential information necessary for the analysis of performance losses and device efficiency. I- V characteristics are investigated in dark conditions and under different light intensities. All the electrical and power parameters of the heterostructure were measured, calculated and explained.

Analysis of Generator Oscillation Characteristics Based on Multiple Synchronized Phasor Measurements

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hashiguchi, Takuhei; Yoshimoto, Masamichi; Mitani, Yasunori; Saeki, Osamu; Tsuji, Kiichiro

In recent years, there has been considerable interest in the on-line measurement, such as observation of power system dynamics and evaluation of machine parameters. On-line methods are particularly attractive since the machine’s service need not be interrupted and parameter estimation is performed by processing measurements obtained during the normal operation of the machine. Authors placed PMU (Phasor Measurement Unit) connected to 100V outlets in some Universities in the 60Hz power system and examine oscillation characteristics in power system. PMU is synchronized based on the global positioning system (GPS) and measured data are transmitted via Internet. This paper describes an application of PMU for generator oscillation analysis. The purpose of this paper is to show methods for processing phase difference and to estimate damping coeffcient and natural angular frequency from phase difference at steady state.

47 CFR 2.1513 - Measurements of modulation characteristics.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 47 Telecommunication 1 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Measurements of modulation characteristics. 2.1513 Section 2.1513 Telecommunication FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION GENERAL FREQUENCY ALLOCATIONS... Measurements of modulation characteristics. (a) Set-up. Test of modulation characteristics are to be performed...

47 CFR 2.1513 - Measurements of modulation characteristics.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 47 Telecommunication 1 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Measurements of modulation characteristics. 2.1513 Section 2.1513 Telecommunication FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION GENERAL FREQUENCY ALLOCATIONS... Measurements of modulation characteristics. (a) Set-up. Test of modulation characteristics are to be performed...

Electrode characteristics of nanocrystalline (Zr, Ti)(V, Cr, Ni) 2.41 compound

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Majchrzycki, W.; Jurczyk, M.

The electrochemical properties of nanocrystalline Zr 0.35Ti 0.65V 0.85Cr 0.26Ni 1.30 alloy, which has the hexagonal C14 type structure, have been investigated. This material has been prepared using mechanical alloying (MA) followed by annealing. The amorphous phase forms directly from the starting mixture of the elements, without other phase formation. Heating the MA samples at 1070 K for 0.5 h resulted in the creation of ordered alloy. This alloy was used as negative electrode for Ni-MH x battery. The electrochemical results show very little difference between the nanocrystalline and polycrystalline powders, as compared with the substantial difference between these and the amorphous powder. In the annealed nanocrystalline Zr 0.35Ti 0.65V 0.85Cr 0.26Ni 1.30 powders discharging capacities up to 150 mA h g -1 (at 160 mA g -1 discharging current) have been measured. The properties of nanocrystalline electrode were attributed to the structural characteristics of the compound caused by mechanical alloying.

Drug resistance-related mutations T369V/I in the connection subdomain of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase severely impair viral fitness.

PubMed

Wang, Zheng; Zhang, Junli; Li, Fan; Ji, Xiaolin; Liao, Lingjie; Ma, Liying; Xing, Hui; Feng, Yi; Li, Dan; Shao, Yiming

2017-04-02

Fitness is a key parameter in the measurement of transmission capacity of individual drug-resistant HIV. Drug-resistance related mutations (DRMs) T369V/I and A371V in the connection subdomain (CN) of reverse transcriptase (RT) occur at higher frequencies in the individuals experiencing antiretroviral therapy failure. Here, we evaluated the effects of T369V/I and A371V on viral fitness, in the presence or in the absence of thymidine analogue resistance-associated mutations (TAMs) and assessed the effect of potential RT structure-related mechanism on change in viral fitness. Mutations T369V/I, A371V, alone or in combination with TAMs were introduced into a modified HIV-1 infectious clone AT1 by site-directed mutagenesis. Then, experiments on mutant and wild-type virus AT2 were performed separately using a growth-competition assay, and then the relative fitness was calculated. Structural analysis of RT was conducted using Pymol software. Results showed that T369V/I severely impaired the relative virus fitness, and A371V compensated for the viral fitness reduction caused by TAMs. Structural modeling of RT suggests that T369V/I substitutions disrupt powerful hydrogen bonds formed by T369 and V365 in p51 and p66. This study indicates that the secondary DRMs within CN might efficiently damage viral fitness, and provides valuable information for clinical surveillance and prevention of HIV-1 strains carrying these DRMs. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

The Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children Fresh Start Randomized Controlled Trial: Baseline Participant Characteristics and Reliability of Measures.

PubMed

Di Noia, Jennifer; Monica, Dorothy; Gray, Heewon Lee; Cullen, Karen Weber

2016-12-01

The Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) Fresh Start (WFS) is a randomized controlled trial of nutrition education to promote farmers' market fruit and vegetable (F/V) purchases and consumption among women enrolled in WIC. To describe the baseline characteristics (demographics and F/V intake [including F/V juice]) of WFS participants, compare the characteristics with those of WIC participants in New Jersey and nationwide, and examine the baseline reliability of study measures. Cross-sectional. Seven hundred forty-four women served by a New Jersey-based WIC agency located in a densely populated, urban area. Demographic characteristics; newly developed measures of farmers' market-related knowledge, attitudes, and skills; and validated measures of F/V intake. Descriptive statistics to characterize the sample. One-sample t and one-sample sign tests to compare the characteristics with reference values. For dietary behaviors, comparisons were with state and national estimates of the frequency and quantity of F/V intake. Participants had a mean age of 28.9±6.8 years and were predominantly Hispanic (59%), US-born (60%), never married (41%), unemployed (62%), receiving assistance other than WIC (70%), and food insecure (55%). Half reported a high school education or less. Higher proportions of WFS participants than WIC participants nationwide were represented among demographic groups at increased risk of inadequate F/V intake. WFS participants consumed more fruit (2.7 cups/day) but less vegetables (1.4 cups/day) than did women nationwide (1.1 and 1.4 cups/day, respectively; P<0.01). Although participants consumed recommended amounts of fruit, their vegetable intake was below recommended levels. All but two of the measures developed for the study had reliability coefficients at or above 0.60. Intervention is warranted to improve participants' vegetable intake. Registered dietitian nutritionists should be aware of F/V intake

Synergistic Development, Test, and Qualification Approaches for the Ares I and V Launch Vehicles

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Cockrell, Charles E.; Taylor, James L.; Patterson, Alan; Stephens, Samuel E.; Tuma, Margaret; Bartolotta, Paul; Huetter, Uwe; Kaderback, Don; Goggin, David

2009-01-01

The U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) initiated plans to develop the Ares I and Ares V launch vehicles in 2005 to meet the mission objectives for future human exploration of space. Ares I is designed to provide the capability to deliver the Orion crew exploration vehicle (CEV) to low-Earth orbit (LEO), either for docking to the International Space Station (ISS) or docking with an Earth departure stage (EDS) and lunar lander for transit to the Moon. Ares V provides the heavy-lift capability to deliver the EDS and lunar lander to orbit. An integrated test plan was developed for Ares I that includes un-crewed flight validation testing and ground testing to qualify structural components and propulsion systems prior to operational deployment. The overall test program also includes a single development test flight conducted prior to the Ares I critical design review (CDR). Since the Ares V concept was formulated to maximize hardware commonality between the Ares V and Ares I launch vehicles, initial test planning for Ares V has considered the extensibility of test approaches and facilities from Ares I. The Ares V test plan was part of a successful mission concept review (MCR) in 2008.

Spectral sensitivity characteristics simulation for silicon p-i-n photodiode

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Urchuk, S. U.; Legotin, S. A.; Osipov, U. V.; Elnikov, D. S.; Didenko, S. I.; Astahov, V. P.; Rabinovich, O. I.; Yaromskiy, V. P.; Kuzmina, K. A.

2015-11-01

In this paper the simulation results of the spectral sensitivity characteristics of silicon p-i-n-photodiodes are presented. The analysis of the characteristics of the semiconductor material (the doping level, lifetime, surface recombination velocity), the construction and operation modes on the characteristics of photosensitive structures in order to optimize them was carried out.

Illustration of Ares I and Ares V Launch Vehicles

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2006-01-01

Named for the Greek god associated with Mars, the NASA developed Ares launch vehicles will return humans to the moon and later take them to Mars and other destinations. In this early illustration, the vehicle depicted on the left is the Ares I. Ares I is an inline, two-stage rocket configuration topped by the Orion crew vehicle and its launch abort system. In addition to its primary mission of carrying four to six member crews to Earth orbit, Ares I may also use its 25-ton payload capacity to deliver resources and supplies to the International Space Station (ISS), or to 'park' payloads in orbit for retrieval by other spacecraft bound for the moon or other destinations. The Ares I employs a single five-segment solid rocket booster, a derivative of the space shuttle solid rocket booster, for the first stage. A liquid oxygen/liquid hydrogen J-2X engine derived from the J-2 engine used on the second stage of the Apollo vehicle will power the Ares V second stage. The Ares I can lift more than 55,000 pounds to low Earth orbit. The vehicle illustrated on the right is the Ares V, a heavy lift launch vehicle that will use five RS-68 liquid oxygen/liquid hydrogen engines mounted below a larger version of the space shuttle external tank, and two five-segment solid propellant rocket boosters for the first stage. The upper stage will use the same J-2X engine as the Ares I. The Ares V can lift more than 286,000 pounds to low Earth orbit and stands approximately 360 feet tall. This versatile system will be used to carry cargo and the components into orbit needed to go to the moon and later to Mars. Both vehicles are subject to configuration changes before they are actually launched. This illustration reflects the latest configuration as of September 2006.

Measuring spatial variability in soil characteristics

DOEpatents

Hoskinson, Reed L.; Svoboda, John M.; Sawyer, J. Wayne; Hess, John R.; Hess, J. Richard

2002-01-01

The present invention provides systems and methods for measuring a load force associated with pulling a farm implement through soil that is used to generate a spatially variable map that represents the spatial variability of the physical characteristics of the soil. An instrumented hitch pin configured to measure a load force is provided that measures the load force generated by a farm implement when the farm implement is connected with a tractor and pulled through or across soil. Each time a load force is measured, a global positioning system identifies the location of the measurement. This data is stored and analyzed to generate a spatially variable map of the soil. This map is representative of the physical characteristics of the soil, which are inferred from the magnitude of the load force.

Measurement of muon annual modulation and muon-induced phosphorescence in NaI(Tl) crystals with DM-Ice17

DOE PAGES

Cherwinka, J.; Grant, D.; Halzen, F.; ...

2016-02-01

We report the measurement of muons and muon-induced phosphorescence in DM-Ice17, a NaI(Tl) direct detection dark matter experiment at the South Pole. Muon interactions in the crystal are identified by their observed pulse shape and large energy depositions. The measured muon rate in DM-Ice17 is 2.93±0.04 μ/crystal/day with a modulation amplitude of 12.3±1.7%, consistent with expectation. Following muon interactions, we observe long-lived phosphorescence in the NaI(Tl) crystals with a decay time of 5.5±0.5 s. The prompt energy deposited by a muon is correlated to the amount of delayed phosphorescence, the brightest of which consist of tens of millions of photons.more » These photons are distributed over tens of seconds with a rate and arrival timing that do not mimic a scintillation signal above 2 keV ee. Furthermore, while the properties of phosphorescence vary among individual crystals, the annually modulating signal observed by DAMA cannot be accounted for by phosphorescence with the characteristics observed in DM-Ice17.« less

Infrared response measurements on radiation-damaged Si/Li/ detectors.

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Sher, A. H.; Liu, Y. M.; Keery, W. J.

1972-01-01

The improved infrared response (IRR) technique has been used to qualitatively compare radiation effects on Si(Li) detectors with energy levels reported for silicon in the literature. Measurements have been made on five commercial silicon detectors and one fabricated in-house, both before and after irradiation with fast neutrons, 1.9-MeV protons, and 1.6-MeV electrons. Effects dependent upon the extent of radiation damage have been observed. It seems likely that the photo-EMF, or photo-voltage, effect is the basic mechanism for the observation of IRR in p-i-n diodes with a wide i-region. Experimental characteristics of the IRR measurement are in agreement with those of the photovoltage effect.

CaV 3.1 and CaV 3.3 account for T-type Ca2+ current in GH3 cells.

PubMed

Mudado, M A; Rodrigues, A L; Prado, V F; Beirão, P S L; Cruz, J S

2004-06-01

T-type Ca2+ channels are important for cell signaling by a variety of cells. We report here the electrophysiological and molecular characteristics of the whole-cell Ca2+ current in GH3 clonal pituitary cells. The current inactivation at 0 mV was described by a single exponential function with a time constant of 18.32 +/- 1.87 ms (N = 16). The I-V relationship measured with Ca2+ as a charge carrier was shifted to the left when we applied a conditioning pre-pulse of up to -120 mV, indicating that a low voltage-activated current may be present in GH3 cells. Transient currents were first activated at -50 mV and peaked around -20 mV. The half-maximal voltage activation and the slope factors for the two conditions are -35.02 +/- 2.4 and 6.7 +/- 0.3 mV (pre-pulse of -120 mV, N = 15), and -27.0 +/- 0.97 and 7.5 +/- 0.7 mV (pre-pulse of -40 mV, N = 9). The 8-mV shift in the activation mid-point was statistically significant (P < 0.05). The tail currents decayed bi-exponentially suggesting two different T-type Ca2+ channel populations. RT-PCR revealed the presence of alpha1G (CaV3.1) and alpha1I (CaV3.3) T-type Ca2+ channel mRNA transcripts.

High-precision measurement of the light response of BC-418 plastic scintillator to protons with energies from 100 keV to 10 MeV

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Henzl, Vladimir; Daub, Brian; French, Jennifer; Matthews, June; Kovash, Michael; Wender, Stephen; Famiano, Michael; Koehler, Katrina; Yuly, Mark

2010-11-01

The determination of the light response of many organic scintillators to various types of radiation has been a subject of numerous experimental as well as theoretical studies in the past. But while the data on light response to particles with energies above 1 MeV are precise and abundant, the information on light response to very low energy particles (i.e. below 1 MeV) is scarce or completely missing. In this study we measured the light response of a BC-418 scintillator to protons with energies from 100 keV to 10 MeV. The experiment was performed at Weapons Neutron Research Facility at LANSCE, Los Alamos. The neutron beam from a spallation source is used to irradiate the active target made from BC-418 plastic scintillator. The recoiled protons detected in the active target are measured in coincidence with elastically scattered incident neutrons detected by and adjacent liquid scintillator. Time of flight of the incident neutron and the knowledge of scattering geometry allow for a kinematically complete and high-precision measurement of the light response as a function of the proton energy.

NEW MODEL AND MEASUREMENT PRINCIPLE OF FLOWING AND HEAT TRANSFER CHARACTERISTICS OF REGENERATOR

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Chen, Y. Y.; Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049; Luo, E. C.

2008-03-16

Regenerators play key role in oscillating-flow cryocoolers or thermoacoustic heat engine systems. However, their flowing and heat transfer mechanism is still not well understood. The complexities of the oscillating flow regenerator make traditional method of heat transfer research become difficult or helpless. In this paper, a model for porous media regenerator was given based on the linear thermoacoustic theory. Then the correlations for characteristic parameters were obtained by deducing universal expressions for thermoacoustic viscous function F{sub v} and thermal function F{sub T}. A simple acoustical method and experimental system to get F{sub v} and F{sub T} via measurements of isothermalmore » regenerators were presented. Some measurements of packed stainless screen regenerators were performed, and preliminary experimental results for flow and convective coefficients were derived, which showing flowing friction factor is approximately within 132/Re to 173/Re.« less

Simultaneous electrical transport and Raman spectroscopic measurements on individual nanowires of WxV1 - xO2

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wu, Tai-Lung; Whittaker, Luisa; Patridge, C. J.; Banerjee, S.; Sambandamurthy, G.

2011-03-01

Vanadium oxide is a well-know material to study the metal-insulator transition (MIT) in correlated electron systems. Upon heating to about 340 K, VO2 undergoes orders of magnitude drop in resistance from an insulating phase (I) to a metallic phase (M) and accompanies a lattice structural phase transition from a low-temperature monoclinical phase (M1) to a high-temperature tetragonal phase (R). We present results from combined electrical transport and Raman spectroscopic measurements to discern the effects of doping in controllably tuning the MIT in individual nanowires of single crystal WxV1 - xO2 . The MIT temperature (Tc) in our WxV1 - xO2 nanowires can be tuned through a wide range from 280 to 330 K by controlling the dopant concentration. The M-I transition can also driven electrically in these nanowires. Our simultaneous measurement of electrical transport and Raman spectroscopic measurement help us understand the role of structural transition in affecting the macroscopic electrical transition in individual wires.

Capacitance and conductance-frequency characteristics of In-pSi Schottky barrier diode

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Dhimmar, J. M.; Desai, H. N.; Modi, B. P.

2015-06-01

The Schottky barrier height (SBH) values have been calculated by using the reverse bias capacitance-voltage (C-V) characteristics at temperature range of 120-360K. The forward bias capacitance-frequency (C-f) and conductance- frequency (G-f) measurement of In-pSi SBD have been carried out from 0-1.0 V with a step up 0.05 V whereby the energy distribution of the interface state has been determined from the forward bias I-V data taking the bias dependence of the effective barrier height and series resistance (RS) into account. The high value of ideality factor (n=2.12) was attributing to high density of interface states and interfacial oxide layer at metal semiconductor interface. The interface state density (NSS) shows a decrease with bias from bottom of conduction band toward the mid gap. In order to examine frequency dependence NSS, RS, C-V and G(ω)/ω-f measurement of the diode were performed at room temperature in the frequency range of 100Hz-100KHz. Experimental result confirmed that there is an influence in the electrical characteristic of Schottky diode.

125I eye plaque dose distribution including penumbra characteristics.

PubMed

de la Zerda, A; Chiu-Tsao, S T; Lin, J; Boulay, L L; Kanna, I; Kim, J H; Tsao, H S

1996-03-01

The two main purposes of this work are (1) to determine the penumbra characteristics for 125I eye plaque and the relative influence of the plaque and eye-air interface on the dose distribution, and (2) to initiate development of a treatment planning algorithm for clinical dose calculations. Dose was measured in a newly designed solid water eye phantom for an 125I (6711) seed at the center of a 20 mm COMS eye plaque using thermoluminescent dosimeter (TLD) "cubes" and "minichips" inside and outside the eye, in the longitudinal and transverse central planes. TLD cubes were used in most locations, except for short distances from the seed and in the penumbra region. In the presence of both the plaque and the eye-air interface, the dose along the central axis was found to be reduced by 10% at 1 cm and up to 20% at 2.5 cm, relative to the bulk homogeneous phantom case. In addition, the overall dose reduction was greater for larger off-axis coordinates at a given depth. The penumbra characteristics due to the lip collimation were quantified, particularly the dependence of penumbra center and width on depth. Only small differences were observed between the profiles in the transverse and longitudinal planes. In the bulk geometry (without the eye-air interface), the dose reduction due to the presence of the plaque alone was found to be 7% at a depth of 2.5 cm. The additional reduction of 13% observed, with the presence of eye-air interface (20% combined), can be attributed to the lack of backscattering from the air in front of the eye. The dose-reduction effect due to the anterior air interface alone became unnoticeable at a depth of 1.1 cm (1.5 cm from the eye-air interface). An analytic fit to measured data was developed for clinical dose calculations for a centrally loaded seed. The central axis values of the dose rates multiplied by distance squared, Dr2, were fitted with a double exponential function of depth. The off-axis profile of Dr2, at a given depth, was

Schottky barrier parameters and low frequency noise characteristics of graphene-germanium Schottky barrier diode

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Khurelbaatar, Zagarzusem; Kil, Yeon-Ho; Shim, Kyu-Hwan; Cho, Hyunjin; Kim, Myung-Jong; Lee, Sung-Nam; Jeong, Jae-chan; Hong, Hyobong; Choi, Chel-Jong

2016-03-01

We investigated the electrical properties of chemical vapor deposition-grown monolayer graphene/n-type germanium (Ge) Schottky barrier diodes (SBD) using current-voltage (I-V) characteristics and low frequency noise measurements. The Schottky barrier parameters of graphene/n-type Ge SBDs, such as Schottky barrier height (VB), ideality factor (n), and series resistance (Rs), were extracted using the forward I-V and Cheung's methods. The VB and n extracted from the forward ln(I)-V plot were found to be 0.63 eV and 1.78, respectively. In contrast, from Cheung method, the VB and n were calculated to be 0.53 eV and 1.76, respectively. Such a discrepancy between the values of VB calculated from the forward I-V and Cheung's methods indicated a deviation from the ideal thermionic emission of graphene/n-type Ge SBD associated with the voltage drop across graphene. The low frequency noise measurements performed at the frequencies in the range of 10 Hz-1 kHz showed that the graphene/n-type Ge SBD had 1/f γ frequency dependence, with γ ranging from 1.09 to 1.12, regardless of applied forward biases. Similar to forward-biased SBDs operating in the thermionic emission mode, the current noise power spectral density of graphene/n-type Ge SBD was linearly proportional to the forward current.

Detailed Characteristics of Radiation Belt Electrons Revealed by CSSWE/REPTile Measurements

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhang, K.; Li, X.; Schiller, Q.; Gerhardt, D. T.; Millan, R. M.

2016-12-01

The outer radiation belt electrons are highly dynamic. We study the detailed characteristics of the relativistic electrons in the outer belt using measurements from the Colorado Student Space Weather Experiment (CSSWE) mission, a low Earth orbit Cubesat, which transverses the radiation belt four times in one orbit ( 1.5 hr) and has the advantage of measuring the dynamic activities of the electrons including their rapid precipitations. Among the features of the relativistic electrons, we show the measured electron distribution as a function of geomagnetic activities and local magnetic field strength. Moreover, a specific precipitation band, which happened on 19 Jan 2013, is investigated based on the conjunctive measurement of CSSWE and the Balloon Array for Radiation belt Relativistic Electron Losses (BARREL). In this precipitation band event, the net loss of the 0.58 1.63 MeV electrons (L=3.5 6) is estimated to account for 6.84% of the total electron content.

47 CFR 2.1047 - Measurements required: Modulation characteristics.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 47 Telecommunication 1 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Measurements required: Modulation characteristics. 2.1047 Section 2.1047 Telecommunication FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION GENERAL FREQUENCY... Certification § 2.1047 Measurements required: Modulation characteristics. (a) Voice modulated communication...

47 CFR 2.1047 - Measurements required: Modulation characteristics.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 47 Telecommunication 1 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Measurements required: Modulation characteristics. 2.1047 Section 2.1047 Telecommunication FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION GENERAL FREQUENCY... Certification § 2.1047 Measurements required: Modulation characteristics. (a) Voice modulated communication...

Measurements and Modeling of III-V Solar Cells at High Temperatures up to 400 $${}^{\\circ}$$ C

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Perl, Emmett E.; Simon, John; Geisz, John F.

2016-09-01

In this paper, we study the performance of 2.0 eV Al0.12Ga0.39In0.49P and 1.4 eV GaAs solar cells over a temperature range of 25-400 degrees C. The temperature-dependent J01 and J02 dark currents are extracted by fitting current-voltage measurements to a two-diode model. We find that the intrinsic carrier concentration ni dominates the temperature dependence of the dark currents, open-circuit voltage, and cell efficiency. To study the impact of temperature on the photocurrent and bandgap of the solar cells, we measure the quantum efficiency and illuminated current-voltage characteristics of the devices up to 400 degrees C. As the temperature is increased,more » we observe no degradation to the internal quantum efficiency and a decrease in the bandgap. These two factors drive an increase in the short-circuit current density at high temperatures. Finally, we measure the devices at concentrations ranging from ~30 to 1500 suns and observe n = 1 recombination characteristics across the entire temperature range. These findings should be a valuable guide to the design of any system that requires high-temperature solar cell operation.« less

Radiation damage effects by 25 MeV protons and thermal annealing effects on thallium bromide nuclear radiation detectors

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Hitomi, K.; Shoji, T.; Suehiro, T.

1999-06-01

In this study, TlBr detectors were irradiated with 25 MeV protons accelerated by an AVF cyclotron. Isothermal annealing was performed to restore the performance of the detectors. In order to characterize the radiation damage and thermal annealing effects on the TlBr detectors, the authors measured current-voltage (I-V) characteristics, mobility-lifetime ({mu}{tau}) products and spectrometric responses. The I-V and {mu}{tau} measurements suggest that electron traps have been induced by 25 MeV protons in the TlBr crystals. X- and {gamma}-ray energy spectra were measured for two different electronic conditions: the electric signals induced mainly by electron carriers traversing the crystal were used formore » one case and the signal induced by hole carriers were used in the other case. After irradiation of 25 MeV protons, the {sup 241}Am X- and {gamma}-ray spectra obtained in the former showed significantly degraded energy resolution. No degradation of energy resolution, however, was observed in the latter case. Noticeable improvements of the degraded detector performance have been observed after the thermal annealing.« less

Double-trap model for hysteretic current-voltage characteristics of a polystyrene/ZnO nanorods stacked layer

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wu, You-Lin; Lin, Jing-Jenn; Lin, Shih-Hung; Sung, Yi-Hsing

2017-11-01

Hysteretic current-voltage (I-V) characteristics are quite common in metal-insulator-metal (MIM) devices used for resistive switching random access memory (RRAM). Two types of hysteretic I-V curves are usually observed, figure eight and counter figure eight (counter-clockwise and clockwise in the positive voltage sweep direction, respectively). In this work, a clockwise hysteretic I-V curve was found for an MIM device with polystyrene (PS)/ZnO nanorods stack as an insulator layer. Three distinct regions I ∼ V, I ∼ V2, and I ∼ V0.6 are observed in the double logarithmic plot of the I-V curves, which cannot be explained completely with the conventional trap-controlled space-charge-limited-current (SCLC) model. A model based on the energy band with two separate traps plus local energy variation and trap-controlled SCLC has been developed, which can successfully describe the behavior of the clockwise hysteretic I-V characteristics obtained in this work.

Impact of polymer surface characteristics on the microrheological measurement quality of protein solutions - A tracer particle screening.

PubMed

Bauer, Katharina Christin; Schermeyer, Marie-Therese; Seidel, Jonathan; Hubbuch, Jürgen

2016-05-30

Microrheological measurements prove to be suitable to identify rheological parameters of biopharmaceutical solutions. These give information about the flow characteristics but also about the interactions and network structures in protein solutions. For the microrheological measurement tracer particles are required. Due to their specific surface characteristic not all are suitable for reliable measurement results in biopharmaceutical systems. In the present work a screening of melamine, PMMA, polystyrene and surface modified polystyrene as tracer particles were investigated at various protein solution conditions. The surface characteristics of the screened tracer particles were evaluated by zeta potential measurements. Furthermore each tracer particle was used to determine the dynamic viscosity of lysozyme solutions by microrheology and compared to a standard. The results indicate that the selection of the tracer particle had a strong impact on the quality of the microrheological measurement dependent on pH and additive type. Surface modified polystyrene was the only tracer particle that yielded good microrheological results for all tested conditions. The study indicated that the electrostatic surface charge of the tracer particle had a minor impact than its hydrophobicity. This characteristic was the crucial surface property that needs to be considered for the selection of a suitable tracer particle to achieve high measurement accuracy. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Ustur whole body case 0269: demonstrating effectiveness of i.v. CA-DTPA for Pu.

PubMed

James, A C; Sasser, L B; Stuit, D B; Glover, S E; Carbaugh, E H

2007-01-01

This whole body donation case (USTUR Registrant) involved a single acute inhalation of an acidic Pu(NO3)4 solution in the form of an aerosol 'mist'. Chelation treatment with intravenously (i.v.) Ca-EDTA was initiated on the day of the intake, and continued intermittently over 6 months. After 2.5 y with no further treatment, a course of i.v. Ca-DTPA was administered. A total of 400 measurements of 239+240Pu excreted in urine were recorded; starting on the first day (both before and during the initial Ca-EDTA chelation) and continuing for 37 y. This sampling included all intervals of chelation. In addition, 91 measurements of 239+240Pu-in-feces were recorded over this whole period. The Registrant died about 38 y after the intake, at age 79 y, with extensive carcinomatosis secondary to adenocarcinoma of the prostate gland. At autopsy, all major soft tissue organs were harvested for radiochemical analyses of their 238Pu, 239+240Pu and 241Am content. Also, all types of bone (comprising about half the skeleton) were harvested for radiochemical analyses, as well as samples of skin, subcutaneous fat and muscle. This comprehensive data set has been applied to derive 'chelation-enhanced' transfer rates in the ICRP Publication 67 plutonium biokinetic model, representing the behaviour of blood-borne and tissue-incorporated plutonium during intervals of therapy. The resulting model of the separate effects of i.v. Ca-EDTA and Ca-DTPA chelation shows that the therapy administered in this case succeeded in reducing substantially the long-term burden of plutonium in all body organs, except for the lungs. The calculated reductions in organ content at the time of death are approximately 40% for the liver, 60% for other soft tissues (muscle, skin, glands, etc.), 50% for the kidneys and 50% for the skeleton. Essentially, all of the substantial reduction in skeletal burden occurred in trabecular bone. This modelling exercise demonstrated that 3-y-delayed Ca-DTPA therapy was as effective

USTUR WHOLE BODY CASE 0269: DEMONSTRATING EFFECTIVENESS OF I.V. CA-DTPA FOR PU

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

James, Anthony C.; Sasser , Lyle B.; Stuit, Dorothy B.

2008-01-28

This whole body donation case (USTUR Registrant) involved a single acute inhalation of an acidic Pu(NO3)4 solution in the form of an aerosol ‘mist.’ Chelation treatment with i.v. Ca-EDTA was initiated on the day of the intake, and continued intermittently over 6 months. After 2½ years with no further treatment, a course of i.v. Ca-DTPA was administered. A total of 400 measurements of 239+240Pu excreted in urine were recorded; starting on the first day (both before and during the initial Ca-EDTA chelation), and continuing for 37 years. This sampling included all intervals of chelation. In addition, 91 measurements of 239+240Pu-in-fecesmore » were recorded over this whole period. The Registrant died about 38 years after the intake, at age 79 y, with extensive carcinomatosis secondary to adenocarcinoma of the prostate gland. At autopsy, all major soft tissue organs were harvested for radiochemical analyses of their 238Pu, 239+240Pu and 241Am content. Also, all types of bone (comprising about half the skeleton) were harvested for radiochemical analyses, as well as samples of skin, subcutaneous fat and muscle. This comprehensive dataset has been applied to derive ‘chelation-enhanced’ transfer rates in the ICRP Publication 67 plutonium biokinetic model, representing the behaviour of blood-borne and tissue-incorporated plutonium during intervals of therapy. The resulting model of the separate effects of i.v. Ca-EDTA and Ca-DTPA chelation shows that the therapy administered in this case succeeded in reducing substantially the long-term burden of plutonium in all body organs, except for the lungs. The calculated reductions in organ content at the time of death are approximately 40% for the liver, 60% for other soft tissues (muscle, skin, glands, etc.), 50% for the kidneys, and 50% for the skeleton. Essentially all of the substantial reduction in skeletal burden occurred in trabecular bone. This modeling exercise demonstrated that 3-y-delayed Ca-DTPA therapy was

Crowdsourcing-Assisted Radio Environment Database for V2V Communication.

PubMed

Katagiri, Keita; Sato, Koya; Fujii, Takeo

2018-04-12

In order to realize reliable Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) communication systems for autonomous driving, the recognition of radio propagation becomes an important technology. However, in the current wireless distributed network systems, it is difficult to accurately estimate the radio propagation characteristics because of the locality of the radio propagation caused by surrounding buildings and geographical features. In this paper, we propose a measurement-based radio environment database for improving the accuracy of the radio environment estimation in the V2V communication systems. The database first gathers measurement datasets of the received signal strength indicator (RSSI) related to the transmission/reception locations from V2V systems. By using the datasets, the average received power maps linked with transmitter and receiver locations are generated. We have performed measurement campaigns of V2V communications in the real environment to observe RSSI for the database construction. Our results show that the proposed method has higher accuracy of the radio propagation estimation than the conventional path loss model-based estimation.

Neutron scattering measurements in {sup 197}Au from 850 keV to 2.0 MeV

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

O`Connor, M.; Chen, J.; Egan, J.J.

1995-10-01

Differential elastic and inelastic neutron scattering cross-sections for low lying levels in {sup 197}Au have been measured for incident neutron energies of 1.0 MeV, 1.5 MeV and 2.0 MeV. In addition, the total neutron cross sections in {sup 197}Au was measured from 850 keV to 1.5 MeV. For both experiments the UML 5.5 MV Van-de-Graaff accelerator with a Mobley post acceleration compression system, produced subnanosecond proton pulses which generated neutrons via the {sup 7}Li(p,n) {sup 7}Be reaction.

Multiwavelength observations of the TeV binary LS I +61° 303 with Veritas, Fermi-LAT, and Swift/xrt during a TeV outburst

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Aliu, E.; Archambault, S.; Behera, B.

2013-12-10

We present the results of a multiwavelength observational campaign on the TeV binary system LS I +61° 303 with the VERITAS telescope array (>200 GeV), Fermi-LAT (0.3-300 GeV), and Swift/XRT (2-10 keV). The data were taken from 2011 December through 2012 January and show a strong detection in all three wavebands. During this period VERITAS obtained 24.9 hr of quality selected livetime data in which LS I +61° 303 was detected at a statistical significance of 11.9σ. These TeV observations show evidence for nightly variability in the TeV regime at a post-trial significance of 3.6σ. The combination of the simultaneouslymore » obtained TeV and X-ray fluxes do not demonstrate any evidence for a correlation between emission in the two bands. For the first time since the launch of the Fermi satellite in 2008, this TeV detection allows the construction of a detailed MeV-TeV spectral energy distribution from LS I +61° 303. This spectrum shows a distinct cutoff in emission near 4 GeV, with emission seen by the VERITAS observations following a simple power-law above 200 GeV. This feature in the spectrum of LS I +61° 303, obtained from overlapping observations with Fermi-LAT and VERITAS, may indicate that there are two distinct populations of accelerated particles producing the GeV and TeV emission.« less

Characteristics of the Class of 1982

DTIC Science & Technology

1978-08-01

classification systems have you used? A. Dewey Decimal System. B. Library of Congress System. C. Both. D. Neither. 93. Have you consulted periodical...I y 4󈨒-019 UNITED V STATES, -- I ~j~1MILITARY I ~ ACADEMY WEST POINT, NEW YORK ~ J~x~ A ’ CHARACTERISTICS OF -THE CLASS OF 1982 ID DDC

Spectral Characteristics of the He i D3 Line in a Quiescent Prominence Observed by THEMIS

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Koza, Július; Rybák, Ján; Gömöry, Peter; Kozák, Matúš; López Ariste, Arturo

2017-08-01

We analyze the observations of a quiescent prominence acquired by the Téléscope Heliographique pour l'Étude du Magnetisme et des Instabilités Solaires (THEMIS) in the He i 5876 Å (He i D3) multiplet aiming to measure the spectral characteristics of the He i D3 profiles and to find for them an adequate fitting model. The component characteristics of the He i D3 Stokes I profiles are measured by the fitting system by approximating them with a double Gaussian. This model yields an He i D3 component peak intensity ratio of 5.5±0.4, which differs from the value of 8 expected in the optically thin limit. Most of the measured Doppler velocities lie in the interval ± 5 km s-1, with a standard deviation of ± 1.7 km s-1 around the peak value of 0.4 km s-1. The wide distribution of the full-width at half maximum has two maxima at 0.25 Å and 0.30 Å for the He i D3 blue component and two maxima at 0.22 Å and 0.31 Å for the red component. The width ratio of the components is 1.04±0.18. We show that the double-Gaussian model systematically underestimates the blue wing intensities. To solve this problem, we invoke a two-temperature multi-Gaussian model, consisting of two double-Gaussians, which provides a better representation of He i D3 that is free of the wing intensity deficit. This model suggests temperatures of 11.5 kK and 91 kK, respectively, for the cool and the hot component of the target prominence. The cool and hot components of a typical He i D3 profile have component peak intensity ratios of 6.6 and 8, implying a prominence geometrical width of 17 Mm and an optical thickness of 0.3 for the cool component, while the optical thickness of the hot component is negligible. These prominence parameters seem to be realistic, suggesting the physical adequacy of the multi-Gaussian model with important implications for interpreting He i D3 spectropolarimetry by current inversion codes.

I-V-T analysis of radiation damage in high efficiency Si solar cells

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Banerjee, S.; Anderson, W. A.; Rao, B. B.

1985-01-01

A detailed analysis of current-voltage characteristics of N(+)-P/P solar cells indicate that there is a combination of different mechanisms which results in an enhancement in the dark current and in turn deteriorates the photovoltaic performance of the solar cells after 1 MeV e(-) irradiation. The increase in the dark current is due to three effects, i.e., bulk recombination, space charge recombination by deep traps and space charge recombination through shallow traps. It is shown that the increase in bulk recombination current is about 2 to 3 orders of magnitude whereas space charge recombination current due to shallow traps increases only by an order or so and no space charge recombination through deep traps was observed after irradiation. Thus, in order to improve the radiation hardness of these devices, bulk properties should be preserved.

An approach to communications security for a communications data delivery system for V2V/V2I safety : technical description and identification of policy and institutional issues.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2011-11-01

This report identifies the security approach associated with a communications data delivery system that supports vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) and vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) communications. The report describes the risks associated with communication...

Magnetic characteristics of M2FeV3O11 (M = Mg, Zn, Pb, Co, Ni) compounds

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Groń, T.; Blonska-Tabero, A.; Filipek, E.; Stokłosa, Z.; Duda, H.; Sawicki, B.

2018-02-01

The unusual physical characteristics of the multicomponent oxide systems renewed the interest as the potential cathode materials in high-energy cells. Since the earlier magnetic characteristics were not entirely conclusive, we report the results of dc magnetic measurements including higher harmonics of ac magnetic susceptibility of the M2FeV3O11 (M = Mg, Zn, Pb, Co, Ni) compounds. Ferrimagnetic long-range and antiferromagnetic short-range interactions for all compounds under study at low temperatures as well as superparamagnetic-like behavior with the blocking temperature of 29 K and the freezing parameter of 0.013 were observed. These effects are discussed within the framework of superexchange and double exchange magnetic interactions as well as the mixed valence band of iron ions.

Current-voltage characteristics of C70 solid near Meyer-Neldel temperature

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Onishi, Koichi; Sezaimaru, Kouki; Nakashima, Fumihiro; Sun, Yong; Kirimoto, Kenta; Sakaino, Masamichi; Kanemitsu, Shigeru

2017-06-01

The current-voltage characteristics of the C70 solid with hexagonal closed-packed structures were measured in the temperature range of 250-450 K. The current-voltage characteristics can be described as a temporary expedient by a cubic polynomial of the voltage, i = a v 3 + b v 2 + c v + d . Moreover, the Meyer-Neldel temperature of the C70 solid was confirmed to be 310 K, at which a linear relationship between the current and voltage was observed. Also, at temperatures below the Meyer-Neldel temperature, the current increases with increasing voltage. On the other hand, at temperatures above the Meyer-Neldel temperature a negative differential conductivity effect was observed at high voltage side. The negative differential conductivity was related to the electric field and temperature effects on the mobility of charge carrier, which involve two variations in the carrier concentration and the activation energy for carrier hopping transport.

The M405V allele of the glutaryl-CoA dehydrogenase gene is an important marker for glutaric aciduria type I (GA-I) low excretors.

PubMed

Schillaci, Lori-Anne P; Greene, Carol L; Strovel, Erin; Rispoli-Joines, Jessica; Spector, Elaine; Woontner, Michael; Scharer, Gunter; Enns, Gregory M; Gallagher, Renata; Zinn, Arthur B; McCandless, Shawn E; Hoppel, Charles L; Goodman, Stephen I; Bedoyan, Jirair K

2016-09-01

Glutaric aciduria type I (GA-I) is an autosomal recessive organic aciduria resulting from a functional deficiency of glutaryl-CoA dehydrogenase, encoded by GCDH. Two clinically indistinguishable diagnostic subgroups of GA-I are known; low and high excretors (LEs and HEs, respectively). Early medical and dietary interventions can result in significantly better outcomes and improved quality of life for patients with GA-I. We report on nine cases of GA-I LE patients all sharing the M405V allele with two cases missed by newborn screening (NBS) using tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS). We describe a novel case with the known pathogenic M405V variant and a novel V133L variant, and present updated and previously unreported clinical, biochemical, functional and molecular data on eight other patients all sharing the M405V allele. Three of the nine patients are of African American ancestry, with two as siblings. GCDH activity was assayed in six of the nine patients and varied from 4 to 25% of the control mean. We support the use of urine glutarylcarnitine as a biochemical marker of GA-I by demonstrating that glutarylcarnitine is efficiently cleared by the kidney (50-90%) and that plasma and urine glutarylcarnitine follow a linear relationship. We report the allele frequencies for three known GA-I LE GCDH variants (M405V, V400M and R227P) and note that both the M405V and V400M variants are significantly more common in the population of African ancestry compared to the general population. This report highlights the M405V allele as another important molecular marker in patients with the GA-I LE phenotype. Therefore, the incorporation into newborn screening of molecular screening for the M405V and V400M variants in conjunction with MS/MS could help identify asymptomatic at-risk GA-I LE patients that could potentially be missed by current NBS programs. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Electrical conductivity and magnetic field dependent current-voltage characteristics of nanocrystalline nickel ferrite

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ghosh, P.; Bhowmik, R. N.; Das, M. R.; Mitra, P.

2017-04-01

We have studied the grain size dependent electrical conductivity, dielectric relaxation and magnetic field dependent current voltage (I - V) characteristics of nickel ferrite (NiFe2O4) . The material has been synthesized by sol-gel self-combustion technique, followed by ball milling at room temperature in air environment to control the grain size. The material has been characterized using X-ray diffraction (refined with MAUD software analysis) and Transmission electron microscopy. Impedance spectroscopy and I - V characteristics in the presence of variable magnetic fields have confirmed the increase of resistivity for the fine powdered samples (grain size 5.17±0.6 nm), resulted from ball milling of the chemical routed sample. Activation energy of the material for electrical charge hopping process has increased with the decrease of grain size by mechanical milling of chemical routed sample. The I - V curves showed many highly non-linear and irreversible electrical features, e.g., I - V loop and bi-stable electronic states (low resistance state-LRS and high resistance state-HRS) on cycling the electrical bias voltage direction during I-V curve measurement. The electrical dc resistance for the chemically routed (without milled) sample in HRS (∼3.4876×104 Ω) at 20 V in presence of magnetic field 10 kOe has enhanced to ∼3.4152×105 Ω for the 10 h milled sample. The samples exhibited an unusual negative differential resistance (NDR) effect that gradually decreased on decreasing the grain size of the material. The magneto-resistance of the samples at room temperature has been found substantially large (∼25-65%). The control of electrical charge transport properties under magnetic field, as observed in the present ferrimagnetic material, indicate the magneto-electric coupling in the materials and the results could be useful in spintronics applications.

Characteristics of typical non-road machinery emissions in China by using portable emission measurement system.

PubMed

Fu, Mingliang; Ge, Yunshan; Tan, Jianwei; Zeng, Tao; Liang, Bin

2012-10-15

Non-road machinery, especially construction equipment could be an important pollutant source of the deterioration in air quality in Chinese urban areas due to its large quantity and to the absence of stringent emission requirements. In this study, emission tests were performed on 12 excavators and 8 wheel loaders by using portable emission measurement system (PEMS) to determine their emission characteristics. The typical operating modes were categorized as idling mode, moving mode and working mode. Compared with those during idling and moving modes, the average time-based emission factors during working mode of HC were 2.61 and 1.27 times higher, NO(x) were 3.66 and 1.36 times higher, and PM were 4.05 and 1.95 times higher, respectively. Under all conditions, categories of the measured emissions increased with the rise in engine power. Compared with those of Stage I emission standard equipment, gaseous emissions and PM emitted from Stage II emission standard equipment were lower. The results indicated that, from Stage I to Stage II, the average reductions of HC, NO(x) and PM were 56%, 37% and 29% for the working mode, respectively. Those results also demonstrated the effectiveness of emission control regulation and the improvement of emission control technology. The data and tests show that the longer the accumulated working hours, the higher HC and NO(x) average fuel-based emission factors are. The emissions measured from the construction vehicles employed in this study were higher than the data collected in previous studies, which shows that it is critical for the government to put into effect more stringent emission regulations to further improve the air quality in Chinese urban areas. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Effect of defect creation and migration on hump characteristics of a-InGaZnO thin film transistors under long-term drain bias stress with light illumination

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Cho, Yong-Jung; Kim, Woo-Sic; Lee, Yeol-Hyeong; Park, Jeong Ki; Kim, Geon Tae; Kim, Ohyun

2018-06-01

We investigated the mechanism of formation of the hump that occurs in the current-voltage I-V characteristics of amorphous InGaZnO (a-IGZO) thin film transistors (TFTs) that are exposed to long-term drain bias stress under illumination. Transfer characteristics showed two-stage degradation under the stress. At the beginning of the stress, the I-V characteristics shifted in the negative direction with a degradation of subthreshold slope, but the hump phenomenon developed over time in the I-V characteristics. The development of the hump was related to creation of defects, especially ionized oxygen vacancies which act as shallow donor-like states near the conduction-band minimum in a-IGZO. To further investigate the hump phenomenon we measured a capacitance-voltage C-V curve and performed two-dimensional device simulation. Stretched-out C-V for the gate-to-drain capacitance and simulated electric field distribution which exhibited large electric field near the drain side of TFT indicated that VO2+ were generated near the drain side of TFT, but the hump was not induced when VO2+ only existed near the drain side. Therefore, the degradation behavior under DBITS occurred because VO2+ were created near the drain side, then were migrated to the source side of the TFT.

Particle discrimination of NaI(Tl) scintillator under high-energy neutron field to measure the photon energy spectrum

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kamada, So; Takada, Masashi; Suzuki, Toshikazu

2014-09-01

Photons are measured separately from neutrons in high-energy neutron fields using a NaI(Tl) scintillator, 7.62 cm in diameter and 7.62 cm in length, combined with a pulse-shape discrimination method. The particle discrimination capability for this scintillator is confirmed using a time-of-flight method. Neutron fields were produced by irradiating Li targets with 40 and 80 MeV proton beams at the cyclotron facility in the National Institute of Radiological Sciences. Figures of merit corresponding to particle discrimination for the scintillator at the two neutron fields are improved with higher neutron energies. Photon energy spectra for energies over 6.5 MeV can be measured using the NaI(Tl) scintillator.

Single i.v. ketamine augmentation of newly initiated escitalopram for major depression: results from a randomized, placebo-controlled 4-week study.

PubMed

Hu, Y-D; Xiang, Y-T; Fang, J-X; Zu, S; Sha, S; Shi, H; Ungvari, G S; Correll, C U; Chiu, H F K; Xue, Y; Tian, T-F; Wu, A-S; Ma, X; Wang, G

2016-02-01

While oral antidepressants reach efficacy after weeks, single-dose intravenous (i.v.) ketamine has rapid, yet time-limited antidepressant effects. We aimed to determine the efficacy and safety of single-dose i.v. ketamine augmentation of escitalopram in major depressive disorder (MDD). Thirty outpatients with severe MDD (17-item Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression total score ⩾ 24) were randomized to 4 weeks double-blind treatment with escitalopram 10 mg/day+single-dose i.v. ketamine (0.5 mg/kg over 40 min) or escitalopram 10 mg/day + placebo (0.9% i.v. saline). Depressive symptoms were measured using the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) and the Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology - Self-Report (QIDS-SR). Suicidal ideation was evaluated with the QIDS-SR item 12. Adverse psychopathological effects were measured with the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS)-positive symptoms, Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS) and Clinician Administered Dissociative States Scale (CADSS). Patients were assessed at baseline, 1, 2, 4, 24 and 72 h and 7, 14, 21 and 28 days. Time to response (⩾ 50% MADRS score reduction) was the primary outcome. By 4 weeks, more escitalopram + ketamine-treated than escitalopram + placebo-treated patients responded (92.3% v. 57.1%, p = 0.04) and remitted (76.9% v. 14.3%, p = 0.001), with significantly shorter time to response [hazard ratio (HR) 0.04, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.01-0.22, p < 0.001] and remission (HR 0.11, 95% CI 0.02-0.63, p = 0.01). Compared to escitalopram + placebo, escitalopram + ketamine was associated with significantly lower MADRS scores from 2 h to 2 weeks [(peak = 3 days-2 weeks; effect size (ES) = 1.08-1.18)], QIDS-SR scores from 2 h to 2 weeks (maximum ES = 1.27), and QIDS-SR suicidality from 2 to 72 h (maximum ES = 2.24). Only YMRS scores increased significantly with ketamine augmentation (1 and 2 h), without significant BPRS or CADSS elevation. Single-dose i.v. ketamine augmentation of

Crowdsourcing-Assisted Radio Environment Database for V2V Communication †

PubMed Central

Katagiri, Keita; Fujii, Takeo

2018-01-01

In order to realize reliable Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) communication systems for autonomous driving, the recognition of radio propagation becomes an important technology. However, in the current wireless distributed network systems, it is difficult to accurately estimate the radio propagation characteristics because of the locality of the radio propagation caused by surrounding buildings and geographical features. In this paper, we propose a measurement-based radio environment database for improving the accuracy of the radio environment estimation in the V2V communication systems. The database first gathers measurement datasets of the received signal strength indicator (RSSI) related to the transmission/reception locations from V2V systems. By using the datasets, the average received power maps linked with transmitter and receiver locations are generated. We have performed measurement campaigns of V2V communications in the real environment to observe RSSI for the database construction. Our results show that the proposed method has higher accuracy of the radio propagation estimation than the conventional path loss model-based estimation. PMID:29649174

Modeling of current characteristics of segmented Langmuir probe on DEMETER

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Imtiaz, Nadia; Marchand, Richard; Lebreton, Jean-Pierre

We model the current characteristics of the DEMETER Segmented Langmuir probe (SLP). The probe is used to measure electron density and temperature in the ionosphere at an altitude of approximately 700 km. It is also used to measure the plasma flow velocity in the satellite frame of reference. The probe is partitioned into seven collectors: six electrically insulated spherical segments and a guard electrode (the rest of the sphere and the small post). Comparisons are made between the predictions of the model and DEMETER measurements for actual ionospheric plasma conditions encountered along the satellite orbit. Segment characteristics are computed numericallymore » with PTetra, a three-dimensional particle in cell simulation code. In PTetra, space is discretized with an unstructured tetrahedral mesh, thus, enabling a good representation of the probe geometry. The model also accounts for several physical effects of importance in the interaction of spacecraft with the space environment. These include satellite charging, photoelectron, and secondary electron emissions. The model is electrostatic, but it accounts for the presence of a uniform background magnetic field. PTetra simulation results show different characteristics for the different probe segments. The current collected by each segment depends on its orientation with respect to the ram direction, the plasma composition, the magnitude, and the orientation of the magnetic field. It is observed that the presence of light H{sup +} ions leads to a significant increase in the ion current branch of the I-V curves of the negatively polarized SLP. The effect of the magnetic field is demonstrated by varying its magnitude and direction with respect to the reference magnetic field. It is found that the magnetic field appreciably affects the electron current branch of the I-V curves of certain segments on the SLP, whereas the ion current branch remains almost unaffected. PTetra simulations are validated by comparing the

[Low level alpha activity measurements with pulse shape discrimination--the analytical system and its characteristics].

PubMed

Noguchi, M; Satoh, K; Higuchi, H

1984-12-01

Pulse shape discrimination of alpha and beta rays with liquid scintillation counting was investigated for the purpose of low level alpha activity measurements. Various liquid scintillators for pulse shape discrimination were examined by means of pulse rise time analysis. A new scintillator of low cost and of superior characteristics was found. The figure of merits better than 3.5 in rise time spectrum and the energy resolution better than 9% were obtained for carefully prepared samples. The background counting rate for a sample of 10 ml was reduced to 0.013 cpm/MeV in the range of alpha ray energy 5 to 7 MeV.

Light output measurements and computational models of microcolumnar CsI scintillators for x-ray imaging.

PubMed

Nillius, Peter; Klamra, Wlodek; Sibczynski, Pawel; Sharma, Diksha; Danielsson, Mats; Badano, Aldo

2015-02-01

The authors report on measurements of light output and spatial resolution of microcolumnar CsI:Tl scintillator detectors for x-ray imaging. In addition, the authors discuss the results of simulations aimed at analyzing the results of synchrotron and sealed-source exposures with respect to the contributions of light transport to the total light output. The authors measured light output from a 490-μm CsI:Tl scintillator screen using two setups. First, the authors used a photomultiplier tube (PMT) to measure the response of the scintillator to sealed-source exposures. Second, the authors performed imaging experiments with a 27-keV monoenergetic synchrotron beam and a slit to calculate the total signal generated in terms of optical photons per keV. The results of both methods are compared to simulations obtained with hybridmantis, a coupled x-ray, electron, and optical photon Monte Carlo transport package. The authors report line response (LR) and light output for a range of linear absorption coefficients and describe a model that fits at the same time the light output and the blur measurements. Comparing the experimental results with the simulations, the authors obtained an estimate of the absorption coefficient for the model that provides good agreement with the experimentally measured LR. Finally, the authors report light output simulation results and their dependence on scintillator thickness and reflectivity of the backing surface. The slit images from the synchrotron were analyzed to obtain a total light output of 48 keV -1 while measurements using the fast PMT instrument setup and sealed-sources reported a light output of 28 keV -1 . The authors attribute the difference in light output estimates between the two methods to the difference in time constants between the camera and PMT measurements. Simulation structures were designed to match the light output measured with the camera while providing good agreement with the measured LR resulting in a bulk absorption

Study on zigzag maneuver characteristics of V-U very large crude oil (VLCC) tankers

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jaswar, Maimun, A.; Wahid, M. A.; Priyanto, A.; Zamani, Pauzi, Saman

2012-06-01

The Department of Marine Technology at the Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University Teknologi Malaysia has recently developed an Ship Maneuverability tool which intends to upgrade student's level understanding the application of fluid dynamic on interaction between hull, propeller, and rudder during maneuvering. This paper discusses zigzag maneuver for conventional Very Large Crude Oil (VLCC) ships with the same principal dimensions but different stern flame shape. 10/10 zigzag maneuver characteristics of U and V types of VLCC ships are investigated. Simulation results for U-type show a good agreement with the experimental data, but V-type not good agreement with experimental one. Further study on zigzag maneuver characteristics are required.

Current-Voltage Characteristics of Nb2O5 nanoporous via light illumination

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Samihah Khairir, Nur; Rani, Rozina Abdul; Fazlida Hanim Abdullah, Wan; Hafiz Mamat, Mohamad; Kadir, Rosmalini Abdul; Rusop, M.; Sabirin Zoolfakar, Ahmad

2018-03-01

This work discussed the effect of light on I-V characteristics of anodized niobium pentoxide (Nb2O5) which formed nanoporous structure film. The structure was synthesized by anodizing niobium foils in glycerol based solution with 10 wt% supplied by two different voltages, 5V and 10V. The anodized foils that contained Nb2O5 film were then annealed to obtain an orthorhombic phase for 30 minutes at 450°C. The metal contact used for I-V testing was platinum (Pt) and it was deposited using thermal evaporator at 30nm thickness. I-V tests were conducted under different condition; dark and illumination to study the effect of light on I-V characteristics of anodized nanoporous Nb2O5. Higher anodization voltage and longer anodization time resulted in higher pore dispersion and larger pore size causing the current to increase. The increase of conductivity in I-V behaviour of Nb2O5 device is also affected by the illumination test as higher light intensity caused space charge region width to increase, thus making it easier for electron transfer between energy band gap.

30 CFR 57.22608 - Secondary blasting (I-A, II-A, and V-A mines).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Secondary blasting (I-A, II-A, and V-A mines). 57.22608 Section 57.22608 Mineral Resources MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF... blasting (I-A, II-A, and V-A mines). Prior to secondary blasting, tests for methane shall be made in the...

30 CFR 57.22608 - Secondary blasting (I-A, II-A, and V-A mines).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Secondary blasting (I-A, II-A, and V-A mines). 57.22608 Section 57.22608 Mineral Resources MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF... blasting (I-A, II-A, and V-A mines). Prior to secondary blasting, tests for methane shall be made in the...

40 CFR 147.2200 - State-administered program-Class I, III, IV, and V wells.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... the in situ combustion of coal are regulated by the Rail Road Commission of Texas under a separate UIC... program for Class I, III, IV, and V wells in the State of Texas, except for those wells on Indian lands... (SDWA). Notice of the original approval for Class I, III, IV, and V wells was published in the Federal...

40 CFR 147.2200 - State-administered program-Class I, III, IV, and V wells.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... the in situ combustion of coal are regulated by the Rail Road Commission of Texas under a separate UIC... program for Class I, III, IV, and V wells in the State of Texas, except for those wells on Indian lands... (SDWA). Notice of the original approval for Class I, III, IV, and V wells was published in the Federal...

30 CFR 57.22101 - Smoking (I-A, II-A, III, and V-A mines).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Smoking (I-A, II-A, III, and V-A mines). 57.22101 Section 57.22101 Mineral Resources MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR... Smoking (I-A, II-A, III, and V-A mines). Persons shall not smoke or carry smoking materials, matches, or...

30 CFR 57.22101 - Smoking (I-A, II-A, III, and V-A mines).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Smoking (I-A, II-A, III, and V-A mines). 57.22101 Section 57.22101 Mineral Resources MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR... Smoking (I-A, II-A, III, and V-A mines). Persons shall not smoke or carry smoking materials, matches, or...

30 CFR 57.22101 - Smoking (I-A, II-A, III, and V-A mines).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Smoking (I-A, II-A, III, and V-A mines). 57.22101 Section 57.22101 Mineral Resources MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR... Smoking (I-A, II-A, III, and V-A mines). Persons shall not smoke or carry smoking materials, matches, or...

30 CFR 57.22101 - Smoking (I-A, II-A, III, and V-A mines).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Smoking (I-A, II-A, III, and V-A mines). 57.22101 Section 57.22101 Mineral Resources MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR... Smoking (I-A, II-A, III, and V-A mines). Persons shall not smoke or carry smoking materials, matches, or...

Trap densities and transport properties of pentacene metal-oxide-semiconductor transistors. I. Analytical modeling of time-dependent characteristics

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Basile, A. F.; Cramer, T.; Kyndiah, A.; Biscarini, F.; Fraboni, B.

2014-06-01

Metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) transistors fabricated with pentacene thin films were characterized by temperature-dependent current-voltage (I-V) characteristics, time-dependent current measurements, and admittance spectroscopy. The channel mobility shows almost linear variation with temperature, suggesting that only shallow traps are present in the semiconductor and at the oxide/semiconductor interface. The admittance spectra feature a broad peak, which can be modeled as the sum of a continuous distribution of relaxation times. The activation energy of this peak is comparable to the polaron binding energy in pentacene. The absence of trap signals in the admittance spectra confirmed that both the semiconductor and the oxide/semiconductor interface have negligible density of deep traps, likely owing to the passivation of SiO2 before pentacene growth. Nevertheless, current instabilities were observed in time-dependent current measurements following the application of gate-voltage pulses. The corresponding activation energy matches the energy of a hole trap in SiO2. We show that hole trapping in the oxide can explain both the temperature and the time dependences of the current instabilities observed in pentacene MOS transistors. The combination of these experimental techniques allows us to derive a comprehensive model for charge transport in hybrid architectures where trapping processes occur at various time and length scales.

Using single top rapidity to measure V{sub td}, V{sub ts}, V{sub tb} at hadron colliders

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Aguilar-Saavedra, J. A.; Onofre, A.; Departamento de Fisica, Universidade do Minho, P-4710-057 Braga

2011-04-01

Single top production processes are usually regarded as the ones in which V{sub tb} can be directly measured at hadron colliders. We show that the analysis of the single top rapidity distribution in t-channel and tW production can also set direct limits on V{sub td}. At LHC with 10 fb{sup -1} at 14 TeV, the combined limits on V{sub td} may be reduced by almost a factor of 2 when the top rapidity distribution is used. This also implies that the limits on V{sub tb} can also be reduced by 15%, since both parameters, as well as V{sub ts}, mustmore » be simultaneously obtained from a global fit to data. At Tevatron, the exploitation of this distribution would require very high statistics.« less

Quantitative analysis of charge trapping and classification of sub-gap states in MoS2 TFT by pulse I-V method.

PubMed

Park, Junghak; Hur, Ji-Hyun; Jeon, Sanghun

2018-04-27

The threshold voltage instabilities and huge hysteresis of MoS 2 thin film transistors (TFTs) have raised concerns about their practical applicability in next-generation switching devices. These behaviors are associated with charge trapping, which stems from tunneling to the adjacent trap site, interfacial redox reaction and interface and/or bulk trap states. In this report, we present quantitative analysis on the electron charge trapping mechanism of MoS 2 TFT by fast pulse I-V method and the space charge limited current (SCLC) measurement. By adopting the fast pulse I-V method, we were able to obtain effective mobility. In addition, the origin of the trap states was identified by disassembling the sub-gap states into interface trap and bulk trap states by simple extraction analysis. These measurement methods and analyses enable not only quantitative extraction of various traps but also an understanding of the charge transport mechanism in MoS 2 TFTs. The fast I-V data and SCLC data obtained under various measurement temperatures and ambient show that electron transport to neighboring trap sites by tunneling is the main charge trapping mechanism in thin-MoS 2 TFTs. This implies that interfacial traps account for most of the total sub-gap states while the bulk trap contribution is negligible, at approximately 0.40% and 0.26% in air and vacuum ambient, respectively. Thus, control of the interface trap states is crucial to further improve the performance of devices with thin channels.

Quantitative analysis of charge trapping and classification of sub-gap states in MoS2 TFT by pulse I-V method

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Park, Junghak; Hur, Ji-Hyun; Jeon, Sanghun

2018-04-01

The threshold voltage instabilities and huge hysteresis of MoS2 thin film transistors (TFTs) have raised concerns about their practical applicability in next-generation switching devices. These behaviors are associated with charge trapping, which stems from tunneling to the adjacent trap site, interfacial redox reaction and interface and/or bulk trap states. In this report, we present quantitative analysis on the electron charge trapping mechanism of MoS2 TFT by fast pulse I-V method and the space charge limited current (SCLC) measurement. By adopting the fast pulse I-V method, we were able to obtain effective mobility. In addition, the origin of the trap states was identified by disassembling the sub-gap states into interface trap and bulk trap states by simple extraction analysis. These measurement methods and analyses enable not only quantitative extraction of various traps but also an understanding of the charge transport mechanism in MoS2 TFTs. The fast I-V data and SCLC data obtained under various measurement temperatures and ambient show that electron transport to neighboring trap sites by tunneling is the main charge trapping mechanism in thin-MoS2 TFTs. This implies that interfacial traps account for most of the total sub-gap states while the bulk trap contribution is negligible, at approximately 0.40% and 0.26% in air and vacuum ambient, respectively. Thus, control of the interface trap states is crucial to further improve the performance of devices with thin channels.

Electron transport characteristics of silicon nanowires by metal-assisted chemical etching

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Qi, Yangyang; Wang, Zhen; Zhang, Mingliang; Wang, Xiaodong; Ji, An; Yang, Fuhua

2014-03-01

The electron transport characteristics of silicon nanowires (SiNWs) fabricated by metal-assisted chemical etching with different doping concentrations were studied. By increasing the doping concentration of the starting Si wafer, the resulting SiNWs were prone to have a rough surface, which had important effects on the contact and the electron transport. A metal-semiconductor-metal model and a thermionic field emission theory were used to analyse the current-voltage (I-V) characteristics. Asymmetric, rectifying and symmetric I-V curves were obtained. The diversity of the I-V curves originated from the different barrier heights at the two sides of the SiNWs. For heavily doped SiNWs, the critical voltage was one order of magnitude larger than that of the lightly doped, and the resistance obtained by differentiating the I-V curves at large bias was also higher. These were attributed to the lower electron tunnelling possibility and higher contact barrier, due to the rough surface and the reduced doping concentration during the etching process.

30 CFR 57.22212 - Air flow (I-C, II-A, and V-A mines).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Air flow (I-C, II-A, and V-A mines). 57.22212 Section 57.22212 Mineral Resources MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR METAL AND... Standards for Methane in Metal and Nonmetal Mines Ventilation § 57.22212 Air flow (I-C, II-A, and V-A mines...

Tunneling effects in the current-voltage characteristics of high-efficiency GaAs solar cells

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Kachare, R.; Anspaugh, B. E.; Garlick, G. F. J.

1988-01-01

Evidence is that tunneling via states in the forbidden gap is the dominant source of excess current in the dark current-voltage (I-V) characteristics of high-efficiency DMCVD grown Al(x)Ga(1-x)As/GaAs(x is equal to or greater than 0.85) solar cells. The dark forward and reverse I-V measurements were made on several solar cells, for the first time, at temperatures between 193 and 301 K. Low-voltage reverse-bias I-V data of a number of cells give a thermal activation energy for excess current of 0.026 + or - 0.005 eV, which corresponds to the carbon impurity in GaAs. However, other energy levels between 0.02 eV and 0.04 eV were observed in some cells which may correspond to impurity levels introduced by Cu, Si, Ge, or Cd. The forward-bias excess current is mainly due to carrier tunneling between localized levels created in the space-charge layer by impurities such as carbon, which are incorporated during the solar cell growth process. A model is suggested to explain the results.

Quantum state-to-state dynamics for the quenching process of Br(2P1/2) + H2(v(i) = 0, 1, j(i) = 0).

PubMed

Xie, Changjian; Jiang, Bin; Xie, Daiqian; Sun, Zhigang

2012-03-21

Quantum state-to-state dynamics for the quenching process Br((2)P(1/2)) + H(2)(v(i) = 0, 1, j(i) = 0) → Br((2)P(3/2)) + H(2)(v(f), j(f)) has been studied based on two-state model on the recent coupled potential energy surfaces. It was found that the quenching probabilities have some oscillatory structures due to the interference of reflected flux in the Br((2)P(1/2)) + H(2) and Br((2)P(3/2)) + H(2) channels by repulsive potential in the near-resonant electronic-to-vibrational energy transfer process. The final vibrational state resolved integral cross sections were found to be dominated by the quenching process Br((2)P(1/2)) + H(2)(v) → Br((2)P(3/2)) + H(2)(v+1) and the nonadiabatic reaction probabilities for Br((2)P(1/2)) + H(2)(v = 0, 1, j(i) = 0) are quite small, which are consistent with previous theoretical and experimental results. Our calculated total quenching rate constant for Br((2)P(1/2)) + H(2)(v(i) = 0, j(i) = 0) at room temperature is in good agreement with the available experimental data. © 2012 American Institute of Physics

Estimation of the Operating Characteristics when the Test Information of the Old Test is not Constant. I. Rationale.

DTIC Science & Technology

1980-06-16

AO-AOB 075 TENNESSEE UNIV KNOXVILLE DIEPT OF PSYCHOLOGY F/G 12/1 AoI FSTIMATION OF THE OPERATING CHARACTERISTICS WHEM THE TEST INFOR--ETCIUI ’JUN... testing . Applied Psychological Measurement, 1, 1977, pages 2 33 -24 7 (a). [121 Samejima, F. Applications of graded response models: The promise of the... PSYCHOLOGY F/S 12/1 FSTIMATION OF THE OPERATING CHARACTERISTICS WHEP- THE TEST INFOR- ETC(U) JUN GO F SAMEJIMA N00014-77-C-0360 UNCLASSIFIED RR-80-2 NL

Identification of characteristic frequencies of damaged railway tracks using field hammer test measurements

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Oregui, M.; Li, Z.; Dollevoet, R.

2015-03-01

In this paper, the feasibility of the Frequency Response Function (FRF)-based statistical method to identify the characteristic frequencies of railway track defects is studied. The method compares a damaged track state to a healthy state based on non-destructive field hammer test measurements. First, a study is carried out to investigate the repeatability of hammer tests in railway tracks. By changing the excitation and measurement locations it is shown that the variability introduced by the test process is negligible. Second, following the concepts of control charts employed in process monitoring, a method to define an approximate healthy state is introduced by using hammer test measurements at locations without visual damage. Then, the feasibility study includes an investigation into squats (i.e. a major type of rail surface defect) of varying severity. The identified frequency ranges related to squats agree with those found in an extensively validated vehicle-borne detection system. Therefore, the FRF-based statistical method in combination with the non-destructive hammer test measurements has the potential to be employed to identify the characteristic frequencies of damaged conditions in railway tracks in the frequency range of 300-3000 Hz.

The experiment and analysis of tailoring V(sub L) and I(sub P) with ZnO voltage-sensitive resistor on HT-6M

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Fan, Shuping; Liu, Baohua; Ye, Minyou; Luo, Jiarong

1992-12-01

The idea of improving plateau with ZnO 'varistor' (voltage sensitive resistor) is presented. The result of tailoring V(sub L) and I(sub P) experiment on HT-6M tokamak is introduced. An improved tens millisecond plateau was achieved ((Delta) V(sub L)/V(sub L) less than 5%, (Delta)I(sub p)/I(sub p) less than 5%, (Delta)N(sub e)/N(sub e) less than 10%). Obviously, it is of great importance for many diagnostic measurements and further physics experiments to have the constant distribution of temperature and density. A simplified analysis of the actual poloidal circuit of HT-6M is given. The numerical simulation and the result of experiment are compared. The operating principle of the varistor and its application on iron core transformer tokamak in plateau and rising phase are mentioned.

Junction-to-Case Thermal Resistance of a Silicon Carbide Bipolar Junction Transistor Measured

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Niedra, Janis M.

2006-01-01

Junction temperature of a prototype SiC-based bipolar junction transistor (BJT) was estimated by using the base-emitter voltage (V(sub BE)) characteristic for thermometry. The V(sub BE) was measured as a function of the base current (I(sub B)) at selected temperatures (T), all at a fixed collector current (I(sub C)) and under very low duty cycle pulse conditions. Under such conditions, the average temperature of the chip was taken to be the same as that of the temperature-controlled case. At increased duty cycle such as to substantially heat the chip, but same I(sub C) pulse height, the chip temperature was identified by matching the V(sub BE) to the thermometry curves. From the measured average power, the chip-to-case thermal resistance could be estimated, giving a reasonable value. A tentative explanation for an observed bunching with increasing temperature of the calibration curves may relate to an increasing dopant atom ionization. A first-cut analysis, however, does not support this.

Safety of an i.v. β-adrenergic blockade protocol for heart rate optimization before coronary CT angiography.

PubMed

Kassamali, Rahil H; Kim, Daniel H; Patel, Hiten; Raichura, Nitin; Hoey, Edward T D; Hodson, James; Hussain, Shahid

2014-10-01

The purpose of this study was to assess the safety of heart rate optimization by use of β-adrenergic blockade solely by the i.v. route before coronary CT angiography. The records of 679 patients undergoing CT coronary angiography after receiving i.v. β-adrenergic blockade were retrospectively analyzed. Health screening was completed before scanning, and heart rate was optimized by administration of i.v. metoprolol titrated to a maximum of 70 mg to achieve a heart rate less than 65 beats/min. The median i.v. dose was 20 mg (range, 5-70 mg). The 679 patients analyzed had a total of 10 complications (1.47%). Major complications, defined as not resolving with observation and analgesia alone, occurred in only three patients (0.44%). These complications included a second-degree atrioventricular block. A total of 299 patients (44.0%) needed more than 20 mg of i.v. metoprolol to achieve target heart rate. Only three patients needed the maximum i.v. dose of 70 mg metoprolol. Target heart rate was reached successfully in 666 patients (98.1%) with doses of less than 70 mg. This study did not show a statistically significant association between increasing complication frequency and increasing dose. This study showed that high doses of i.v. metoprolol can be used effectively and with a low rate of major complications to control heart rate before coronary CT angiography in correctly screened patients.

Measurements of C V flows from thermal charge-exchange excitation in divertor plasmas

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Zaniol, B.; Isler, R. C.; Brooks, N. H.

2001-10-01

Certain transitions of C IV (C{sup 3+}) from n=7 to n=6 ({approx}7226 {angstrom}) and from n=6 to n=5 ({approx}4660 {angstrom}) sometimes appear much brighter in tokamak divertors than expected for electron-impact excitation from the ground state. This situation occurs because of charge exchange between C V (C{sup 4+}) and recycling thermal deuterium atoms in the n=2 level. As a result, it is possible to extend parallel flow measurements of carbon, which have previously been performed on C II--C IV ions using Doppler shift spectroscopy, to include flows of the He-like C V ions. The work described here includes modeling ofmore » the spectral features, correlation of state populations with classical Monte Carlo trajectory (CTMC) predictions, and applications to flow measurements in the DIII-D divertor [Plasma Physics Controlled Nuclear Fusion Research 1986 (International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, 1987), Vol. I, p. 159; Proceedings of the 18th IEEE/NPSS Symposium on Fusion Engineering, Albuquerque (Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers, Piscataway, 1999), p. 515].« less

Measurements of C V flows from thermal charge-exchange excitation in divertor plasmas

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zaniol, B.; Isler, R. C.; Brooks, N. H.; West, W. P.; Olson, R. E.

2001-10-01

Certain transitions of C IV (C3+) from n=7 to n=6 (≈7226 Å) and from n=6 to n=5 (≈4660 Å) sometimes appear much brighter in tokamak divertors than expected for electron-impact excitation from the ground state. This situation occurs because of charge exchange between C V (C4+) and recycling thermal deuterium atoms in the n=2 level. As a result, it is possible to extend parallel flow measurements of carbon, which have previously been performed on C II-C IV ions using Doppler shift spectroscopy, to include flows of the He-like C V ions. The work described here includes modeling of the spectral features, correlation of state populations with classical Monte Carlo trajectory (CTMC) predictions, and applications to flow measurements in the DIII-D divertor [Plasma Physics Controlled Nuclear Fusion Research 1986 (International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, 1987), Vol. I, p. 159; Proceedings of the 18th IEEE/NPSS Symposium on Fusion Engineering, Albuquerque (Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers, Piscataway, 1999), p. 515].

Ares I-X Range Safety Simulation and Analysis IV and V

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Merry, Carl M.; Brewer, Joan D.; Dulski, Matt B.; Gimenez, Adrian; Barron, Kyle; Tarpley, Ashley F.; Craig, A. Scott; Beaty, Jim R.; Starr, Brett R.

2011-01-01

NASA s Ares I-X vehicle launched on a suborbital test flight from the Eastern Range in Florida on October 28, 2009. NASA generated a Range Safety (RS) product data package to meet the RS trajectory data requirements defined in the Air Force Space Command Manual (AFSPCMAN) 91-710. Some products included were a nominal ascent trajectory, ascent flight envelopes, and malfunction turn data. These products are used by the Air Force s 45th Space Wing (45SW) to ensure public safety and to make flight termination decisions on launch day. Due to the criticality of the RS data, an independent validation and verification (IV&V) effort was undertaken to accompany the data generation analyses to ensure utmost data quality and correct adherence to requirements. As a result of the IV&V efforts, the RS product package was delivered with confidence that two independent organizations using separate simulation software generated data to meet the range requirements and yielded similar results. This document captures the Ares I-X RS product IV&V analysis, including the methodology used to verify inputs, simulation, and output data for certain RS products. Additionally a discussion of lessons learned is presented to capture advantages and disadvantages to the IV&V processes used.

Performance Evaluation of Spectroscopic Detectors for LEU Hold-up Measurements

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Venkataraman, Ramkumar; Nutter, Greg; McElroy, Robert Dennis

The hold-up measurement of low-enriched uranium materials may require use of alternate detector types relative to the measurement of highly enriched uranium. This is in part due to the difference in process scale (i.e., the components are generally larger for low-enriched uranium systems), but also because the characteristic gamma-ray lines from 235U used for assay of highly enriched uranium will be present at a much reduced intensity (on a per gram of uranium basis) at lower enrichments. Researchers at Oak Ridge National Laboratory examined the performance of several standard detector types, e.g., NaI(Tl), LaBr3(Ce), and HPGe, to select a suitablemore » candidate for measuring and quantifying low-enriched uranium hold-up in process pipes and equipment at the Portsmouth gaseous diffusion plant. Detector characteristics, such as energy resolution (full width at half maximum) and net peak count rates at gamma ray energies spanning a range of 60–1332 keV, were measured for the above-mentioned detector types using the same sources and in the same geometry. Uranium enrichment standards (Certified Reference Material no. 969 and Certified Reference Material no. 146) were measured using each of the detector candidates in the same geometry. The net count rates recorded by each detector at 186 keV and 1,001 keV were plotted as a function of enrichment (atom percentage). Background measurements were made in unshielded and shielded configurations under both ambient and elevated conditions of 238U activity. The highly enriched uranium hold-up measurement campaign at the Portsmouth plant was performed on process equipment that had been cleaned out. Therefore, in most cases, the thickness of the uranium deposits was less than the “infinite thickness” for the 186 keV gamma rays to be completely self-attenuated. Because of this, in addition to measuring the 186 keV gamma, the 1,001 keV gamma ray from 234mPa—a daughter of 238U in secular equilibrium with its parent�

Characteristics of III-V Semiconductor Devices at High Temperature

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Simons, Rainee N.; Young, Paul G.; Taub, Susan R.; Alterovitz, Samuel A.

1994-01-01

This paper presents the development of III-V based pseudomorphic high electron mobility transistors (PHEMT's) designed to operate over the temperature range 77 to 473 K (-196 to 200 C). These devices have a pseudomorphic undoped InGaAs channel that is sandwiched between an AlGaAs spacer and a buffer layer; gate widths of 200, 400, 1600, and 3200 micrometers; and a gate length of 2 micrometers. Measurements were performed at both room temperature and 473 K (200 C) and show that the drain current decreases by 30 percent and the gate current increases to about 9 microns A (at a reverse bias of -1.5 V) at the higher temperature. These devices have a maximum DC power dissipation of about 4.5 W and a breakdown voltage of about 16 V.

Measurements of AAFE RADSCAT antenna characteristics

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Cross, A. E.; Jones, W. L., Jr.; Jones, A. L.

1977-01-01

Antenna characteristics (active and passive) for a modified AAFE-RADSCAT parabolic dish antenna are documented for a variety of antenna configurations. The modified antenna was a replacement for the original unit which was damaged in January 1975. Pattern measurements made at Langley Research Center and Johnson Space Center are presented, with an analysis of the results. Antenna loss measurements are also presented and summarized.

Optical and electrical measurement of energy transfer between nanocrystalline quantum dots and photosystem I.

PubMed

Jung, Hyeson; Gulis, Galina; Gupta, Subhadra; Redding, Kevin; Gosztola, David J; Wiederrecht, Gary P; Stroscio, Michael A; Dutta, Mitra

2010-11-18

In the natural photosynthesis process, light harvesting complexes (LHCs) absorb light and pass excitation energy to photosystem I (PSI) and photosystem II (PSII). In this study, we have used nanocrystalline quantum dots (NQDs) as an artificial LHC by integrating them with PSI to extend their spectral range. We have performed photoluminescence (PL) and ultrafast time-resolved absorption measurements to investigate this process. Our PL experiments showed that emission from the NQDs is quenched, and the fluorescence from PSI is enhanced. Transient absorption and bleaching results can be explained by fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) from the NQDs to the PSI. This nonradiative energy transfer occurs in ∼6 ps. Current-voltage (I-V) measurements on the composite NQD-PSI samples demonstrate a clear photoresponse.

Measurements of mass attenuation coefficients and determination of photoionization cross sections at energies across the Li (i=1-3) edges of 66Dy

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kaur, Rajnish; Kumar, Anil; Osan, Janos; Czyzycki, M.; Karydas, A. G.; Puri, Sanjiv

2017-07-01

The absolute values of the mass attenuation coefficients have been measured at sixty two photon energies across the Li (i=1-3) sub-shell absorption edges of 66Dy covering the region 7.6-14.0 keV in order to investigate the influence of near-edge processes on the attenuation coefficients. The present measured attenuation coefficients are found to be higher by up to 10% than the theoretical values evaluated from the computer code XCOM (Berger et al., 2010) and the self-consistent Dirac-Hartree-Slater (DHS) model based values tabulated by Chantler (1995) over the energy region 7.6-14.0 keV, except at energies in vicinity (few eV) of the Li (i=1-3) sub-shell absorption edge energies where the measured values are significantly higher (up to 37%) than both the sets of theoretical values. Further, the Li (i=1-3) sub-shell photoionization cross sections, (σLiP)exp, deduced from the present measured mass attenuation coefficients are compared with the non-relativistic Hartree-Fock-Slater (HFS) model based values tabulated by Scofield (1973) and those evaluated from the theoretical total photoionization attenuation coefficients tabulated by Chantler (1995). The deduced (σLiP)exp(i=1-3) values are found to be in better agreement with those evaluated from the tabulations given by Chantler (1995) than the values given by Scofield (1973) over the energy region 7.8 - 14.0 keV included in this study. However, at photon energies up to few eV above the Li edges, the deduced (σLiP)exp(i=1-3) values are found to be significantly higher (up to 32%) than both the sets of theoretical values.

Study of barrier height and trap centers of Au/n-Hg{sub 3}In{sub 2}Te{sub 6} Schottky contacts by current-voltage (I-V) characteristics and deep level transient spectroscopy

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Li, Yapeng; Fu, Li, E-mail: fuli@nwpu.edu.cn; Sun, Jie

2015-02-28

The temperature-dependent electrical characteristics of the Au/n-Hg{sub 3}In{sub 2}Te{sub 6} Schottky contact have been studied at the temperature range of 140 K–315 K. Based on the thermionic emission theory, the ideality factor and Schottky barrier height were calculated to decrease and increase from 3.18 to 1.88 and 0.39 eV to 0.5 eV, respectively, when the temperature rose from 140 K to 315 K. This behavior was interpreted by the lateral inhomogeneities of Schottky barrier height at the interface of Au/n-Hg{sub 3}In{sub 2}Te{sub 6} contact, which was shown by the plot of zero-bias barrier heights Φ{sub bo} versus q/2kT. Meanwhile, it was found that the Schottky barriermore » height with a Gaussian distribution was 0.67 eV and the standard deviation σ{sub 0} was about 0.092 eV, indicating that the uneven distribution of barrier height at the interface region. In addition, the mean value of Φ{sup ¯}{sub b0} and modified Richardson constant was determined to be 0.723 eV and 62.8 A/cm{sup 2}K{sup 2} from the slope and intercept of the ln(I{sub o}/T{sup 2}) – (qσ{sub 0}{sup 2}/2k{sup 2}T{sup 2}) versus q/kT plot, respectively. Finally, two electron trap centers were observed at the interface of Au/n-Hg{sub 3}In{sub 2}Te{sub 6} Schottky contact by means of deep level transient spectroscopy.« less

Temperature dependence of current-voltage characteristics in highly doped Ag/p-GaN/In Schottky diodes

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ćınar, K.; Yıldırım, N.; Coşkun, C.; Turut, A.

2009-10-01

To obtain detailed information about the conduction process of the Ag/p-GaN Schottky diodes (SDs) fabricated by us, we measured the I-V characteristics over the temperature range of 80-360 K by the steps of 20 K. The slope of the linear portion of the forward bias I-V plot and nkT =E0 of the device remained almost unchanged as independent of temperature with an average of 25.71±0.90 V-1 and 41.44±1.38 meV, respectively. Therefore, it can be said that the experimental I-V data quite well obey the field emission model rather than the thermionic emission or thermionic field emission model. The study is a very good experimental example for the FE model. Furthermore, the reverse bias saturation current ranges from 8.34×10-8 A at 80 K to 2.10×10-7 A at 360 K, indicating that the charge transport mechanism in the Ag/p-GaN SD is tunneling due to the weak temperature dependence of the saturation current. The possible origin of high experimental characteristic tunneling energy of E00=39 meV, which is ten times larger than possible theoretical value of 3.89 meV, is attributed to the accumulation of a large amount of defect states near the GaN surface or to the deep level defect band induced by high doping or to any mechanism which enhances the electric field and the state density at the semiconductor surface.

Measurement of Effective Drift Velocities of Electrons and Holes in Shallow Multiple Quantum Well P-I Modulators

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yang, Ching-Mei

1995-01-01

P-i-n diodes containing multiple quantum wells (MQWs) in the i-region are the building blocks for photonic devices. When we apply electric field across these devices and illuminate it with light, photo-carriers are created in the i-region. These carriers escape from the wells and drift toward the electrodes; thus photo-voltage is created. The rise- and decay-times of photo-voltages are related to the transport of carriers. In this dissertation, we present theoretical and experimental studies on carrier transport mechanisms of three shallow MQW GaAs/Al _{x}Ga_{1-x}As p-i-n diodes (x = 0.02, 0.04, 0.08) at various bias voltages. We start with the description of the sample structures and their package. We then present the characteristics of these samples including their transmission spectra and responsivity. We will demonstrate that the over-all high quality of these samples, including a strong exciton resonant absorption, ~100% internal quantum efficiencies and completely depleted i-region at bias between +0.75 V to -5 V bias. In our theoretical studies, we first discuss the possible carrier sweep-out mechanisms and estimate the response times associated with these mechanisms. Based on our theoretical model, we conclude that only the drift times of carriers and enhanced diffusion times are important for shallow MQW p-i-n diodes: at high bias, the fast drift times of electrons and holes control the rise-times; at low bias, the slow drift times of holes and the enhanced diffusion times control the decay-times. We have performed picosecond time-resolved pump/probe electro-absorption measurements on these samples. We then obtained the drift times, effective drift velocities and effective mobilities of electrons and holes for these devices. We find that the carrier effective drift velocities (especially for holes) seemed insensitive to the Al concentration in the barriers (in the range of x = 2% to 8%), even though the x = 2% sample does show an overall faster response

Morphology and current-voltage characteristics of nanostructured pentacene thin films probed by atomic force microscopy.

PubMed

Zorba, S; Le, Q T; Watkins, N J; Yan, L; Gao, Y

2001-09-01

Atomic force microscopy was used to study the growth modes (on SiO2, MoS2, and Au substrates) and the current-voltage (I-V) characteristics of organic semiconductor pentacene. Pentacene films grow on SiO2 substrate in a layer-by-layer manner with full coverage at an average thickness of 20 A and have the highest degree of molecular ordering with large dendritic grains among the pentacene films deposited on the three different substrates. Films grown on MoS2 substrate reveal two different growth modes, snowflake-like growth and granular growth, both of which seem to compete with each other. On the other hand, films deposited on Au substrate show granular structure for thinner coverages (no crystal structure) and dendritic growth for higher coverages (crystal structure). I-V measurements were performed with a platinum tip on a pentacene film deposited on a Au substrate. The I-V curves on pentacene film reveal symmetric tunneling type character. The field dependence of the current indicates that the main transport mechanism at high field intensities is hopping (Poole-Frenkel effect). From these measurements, we have estimated a field lowering coefficient of 9.77 x 10(-6) V-1/2 m1/2 and an ideality factor of 18 for pentacene.

Submission Patterns: "Measurement and Evaluation in Counseling and Development" Author and Article Characteristics from 1990 to 2009

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Erford, Bradley T.; Miller, Emily M.; Duncan, Kelly; Erford, Breann M.

2010-01-01

Submission patterns of articles accepted for publication in "Measurement and Evaluation in Counseling and Development" from 1990 to 2009 are reviewed. Trends are analyzed in article content (i.e., type, issue, statistical procedures) and author demographic characteristics (e.g., sex, nation of domicile, professional title, departmental…

Influence of Pentacene Interface Layer in ITO/α-NPD/Alq3/Al Organic Light Emitting Diodes by Time-Resolved Electric-Field-Induced Optical Second-Harmonic Generation Measurement.

PubMed

Oda, Yoshiaki; Sadakata, Atsuo; Taguchi, Dai; Manaka, Takaaki; Iwamoto, Mitsumasa

2016-04-01

By using I-V, EL-V, displacement current measurement (DCM) and time-resolved electric-field-induced optical second-harmonic generation (TR-EFISHG) measurement, we studied the influence of interface pentacene layer inserted between ITO and a-NPD layers in ITO/α-NPD/Alq3/Al OLEDs. All experiments were carried out for the OLEDs with and without a pentacene interface layer. The I-V and EL-V measurements showed the decrease of operating voltage of EL, the DCM showed the lowering of inception voltage of carrier injection by inserting a pentacene interface layer. The TR-EFISHG measurement showed the faster accumulation of holes at the interface between the a-NPD and Alq3 layers, which resulted in the relaxation of electric field of a-NPD layer accomplished by the increase of the conductivity and the increase of the electric field in the Alq3 layer. We conclude that TR-EFISHG measurement is helpful for understanding I-V and EL-V characteristics, and can be combined with other methods to give significant information which are impacted by the interface layer.

Gait Characteristic Analysis and Identification Based on the iPhone's Accelerometer and Gyrometer

PubMed Central

Sun, Bing; Wang, Yang; Banda, Jacob

2014-01-01

Gait identification is a valuable approach to identify humans at a distance. In this paper, gait characteristics are analyzed based on an iPhone's accelerometer and gyrometer, and a new approach is proposed for gait identification. Specifically, gait datasets are collected by the triaxial accelerometer and gyrometer embedded in an iPhone. Then, the datasets are processed to extract gait characteristic parameters which include gait frequency, symmetry coefficient, dynamic range and similarity coefficient of characteristic curves. Finally, a weighted voting scheme dependent upon the gait characteristic parameters is proposed for gait identification. Four experiments are implemented to validate the proposed scheme. The attitude and acceleration solutions are verified by simulation. Then the gait characteristics are analyzed by comparing two sets of actual data, and the performance of the weighted voting identification scheme is verified by 40 datasets of 10 subjects. PMID:25222034

An empirical-statistical model for laser cladding of Ti-6Al-4V powder on Ti-6Al-4V substrate

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Nabhani, Mohammad; Razavi, Reza Shoja; Barekat, Masoud

2018-03-01

In this article, Ti-6Al-4V powder alloy was directly deposited on Ti-6Al-4V substrate using laser cladding process. In this process, some key parameters such as laser power (P), laser scanning rate (V) and powder feeding rate (F) play important roles. Using linear regression analysis, this paper develops the empirical-statistical relation between these key parameters and geometrical characteristics of single clad tracks (i.e. clad height, clad width, penetration depth, wetting angle, and dilution) as a combined parameter (PαVβFγ). The results indicated that the clad width linearly depended on PV-1/3 and powder feeding rate had no effect on it. The dilution controlled by a combined parameter as VF-1/2 and laser power was a dispensable factor. However, laser power was the dominant factor for the clad height, penetration depth, and wetting angle so that they were proportional to PV-1F1/4, PVF-1/8, and P3/4V-1F-1/4, respectively. Based on the results of correlation coefficient (R > 0.9) and analysis of residuals, it was confirmed that these empirical-statistical relations were in good agreement with the measured values of single clad tracks. Finally, these relations led to the design of a processing map that can predict the geometrical characteristics of the single clad tracks based on the key parameters.

Electronic excitation induced defect dynamics in HfO2 based MOS devices investigated by in-situ electrical measurements

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Manikanthababu, N.; Vajandar, S.; Arun, N.; Pathak, A. P.; Asokan, K.; Osipowicz, T.; Basu, T.; Nageswara Rao, S. V. S.

2018-03-01

In-situ I-V and C-V characterization studies were carried out to determine the device quality of atomic layer deposited HfO2 (2.7 nm)/SiO2 (0.6 nm)/Si-based metal oxide semiconductor devices during 120 MeV Ag ion irradiation. The influence of various tunneling mechanisms has been investigated by analyzing the I-V characteristics as a function of ion fluence. The nature of the defects created is tentatively identified by the determination of the significant tunneling processes. While the ion induced annealing of defects is observed at lower fluences, ion induced intermixing and radiation damage is found to be significant at higher fluences. The C-V characteristics also reveal significant changes at the interface and oxide trap densities: an increase in the oxide layer thickness occurs through the formation of an HfSiO interlayer. The interlayer is due to the swift heavy ion induced intermixing, which has been confirmed by X-TEM and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements.

30 CFR 57.22208 - Auxiliary fans (I-A, II-A, III, and V-A mines).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Auxiliary fans (I-A, II-A, III, and V-A mines). 57.22208 Section 57.22208 Mineral Resources MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF... fans (I-A, II-A, III, and V-A mines). (a) Auxiliary fans, except fans used in shops and other areas...

30 CFR 57.22103 - Open flames (I-A, II-A, III, and V-A mines).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Open flames (I-A, II-A, III, and V-A mines). 57.22103 Section 57.22103 Mineral Resources MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR... Open flames (I-A, II-A, III, and V-A mines). Open flames shall not be permitted underground except for...

40 CFR 147.650 - State-administrative program-Class I, II, III, IV, and V wells.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... CONTROL PROGRAMS Idaho § 147.650 State-administrative program—Class I, II, III, IV, and V wells. The UIC program for Class I, II, III, IV, and V wells in the State of Idaho, other than those on Indian lands, is the program administered by the Idaho Department of Water Resources, approved by EPA pursuant to...

30 CFR 57.22207 - Booster fans (I-A, II-A, III, and V-A mines).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Booster fans (I-A, II-A, III, and V-A mines... NONMETAL MINES Safety Standards for Methane in Metal and Nonmetal Mines Ventilation § 57.22207 Booster fans (I-A, II-A, III, and V-A mines). (a) Booster fans shall be approved by MSHA under the applicable...

30 CFR 57.22207 - Booster fans (I-A, II-A, III, and V-A mines).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Booster fans (I-A, II-A, III, and V-A mines... NONMETAL MINES Safety Standards for Methane in Metal and Nonmetal Mines Ventilation § 57.22207 Booster fans (I-A, II-A, III, and V-A mines). (a) Booster fans shall be approved by MSHA under the applicable...

30 CFR 57.22207 - Booster fans (I-A, II-A, III, and V-A mines).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Booster fans (I-A, II-A, III, and V-A mines... NONMETAL MINES Safety Standards for Methane in Metal and Nonmetal Mines Ventilation § 57.22207 Booster fans (I-A, II-A, III, and V-A mines). (a) Booster fans shall be approved by MSHA under the applicable...

30 CFR 57.22207 - Booster fans (I-A, II-A, III, and V-A mines).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Booster fans (I-A, II-A, III, and V-A mines... NONMETAL MINES Safety Standards for Methane in Metal and Nonmetal Mines Ventilation § 57.22207 Booster fans (I-A, II-A, III, and V-A mines). (a) Booster fans shall be approved by MSHA under the applicable...

K-Ras(V14I) -induced Noonan syndrome predisposes to tumour development in mice.

PubMed

Hernández-Porras, Isabel; Schuhmacher, Alberto J; Garcia-Medina, Raquel; Jiménez, Beatriz; Cañamero, Marta; de Martino, Alba; Guerra, Carmen

2016-06-01

The Noonan syndrome (NS) is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder characterized by short stature, craniofacial dysmorphism, and congenital heart defects. A significant proportion of NS patients may also develop myeloproliferative disorders (MPDs), including juvenile myelomonocytic leukaemia (JMML). Surprisingly, scarce information is available in relation to other tumour types in these patients. We have previously developed and characterized a knock-in mouse model that carries one of the most frequent KRAS-NS-related mutations, the K-Ras(V14I) substitution, which recapitulates most of the alterations described in NS patients, including MPDs. The K-Ras(V14I) mutation is a mild activating K-Ras protein; thus, we have used this model to study tumour susceptibility in comparison with mice expressing the classical K-Ras(G12V) oncogene. Interestingly, our studies have shown that these mice display a generalized tumour predisposition and not just MPDs. In fact, we have observed that the K-Ras(V14I) mutation is capable of cooperating with the p16Ink4a/p19Arf and Trp53 tumour suppressors, as well as with other risk factors such as pancreatitis, thereby leading to a higher cancer incidence. In conclusion, our results illustrate that the K-Ras(V14I) activating protein is able to induce cancer, although at a much lower level than the classical K-Ras(G12V) oncogene, and that it can be significantly modulated by both genetic and non-genetic events. Copyright © 2016 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Copyright © 2016 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

33 CFR 110.250 - St. Thomas Harbor, Charlotte Amalie, V.I.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

..., V.I. (a) The anchorage grounds—(1) Inner harbor anchorage. Beginning at a point bearing 85°, 525... shall also be used by vessels having drafts too great to permit them to use the inner harbor anchorage...

33 CFR 110.250 - St. Thomas Harbor, Charlotte Amalie, V.I.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

..., V.I. (a) The anchorage grounds—(1) Inner harbor anchorage. Beginning at a point bearing 85°, 525... shall also be used by vessels having drafts too great to permit them to use the inner harbor anchorage...

33 CFR 110.250 - St. Thomas Harbor, Charlotte Amalie, V.I.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

..., V.I. (a) The anchorage grounds—(1) Inner harbor anchorage. Beginning at a point bearing 85°, 525... shall also be used by vessels having drafts too great to permit them to use the inner harbor anchorage...

33 CFR 110.250 - St. Thomas Harbor, Charlotte Amalie, V.I.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

..., V.I. (a) The anchorage grounds—(1) Inner harbor anchorage. Beginning at a point bearing 85°, 525... shall also be used by vessels having drafts too great to permit them to use the inner harbor anchorage...

Serum cardiac troponin I in canine syncope and seizures.

PubMed

Dutton, E; Dukes-McEwan, J; Cripps, P J

2017-02-01

To determine if serum cardiac troponin I (cTnI) concentration distinguishes between cardiogenic syncope and collapsing dogs presenting with either generalized epileptic seizures (both with and without cardiac disease) or vasovagal syncope. Seventy-nine prospectively recruited dogs, grouped according to aetiology of collapse: generalized epileptic seizures (group E), cardiogenic syncope (group C), dogs with both epileptic seizures and cardiac disease (group B), vasovagal syncope (group V) or unclassified (group U). Most patients had ECG (n = 78), echocardiography (n = 78) and BP measurement (n = 74) performed. Dogs with a history of intoxications, trauma, evidence of metabolic disorders or renal insufficiency (based on serum creatinine concentrations >150 μmol/L and urine specific gravity <1.030) were excluded. Serum cTnI concentrations were measured and compared between groups using non-parametric statistical methods. Multivariable regression analysis investigated factors associated with cTnI. Receiver operator characteristic curve analysis examined whether cTnI could identify cardiogenic syncope. Median cTnI concentrations were higher in group C than E (cTnI: 0.165 [0.02-27.41] vs. 0.03 [0.01-1.92] ng/mL; p<0.05). Regression analysis found that serum cTnI concentrations decreased with increasing time from collapse (p=0.015) and increased with increasing creatinine concentration (p=0.028). Serum cTnI diagnosed cardiogenic syncope with a sensitivity of 75% and specificity of 80%. Serum cTnI concentrations were significantly different between groups C and E. However, due to the overlap in cTnI concentrations between groups cTnI, measurement in an individual is not optimally discriminatory to differentiate cardiogenic syncope from collapse with generalized epileptic seizures (both with and without cardiac disease) or vasovagal syncope. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

The Physical and Athletic Performance Characteristics of Division I Collegiate Female Soccer Players by Position.

PubMed

Lockie, Robert G; Moreno, Matthew R; Lazar, Adrina; Orjalo, Ashley J; Giuliano, Dominic V; Risso, Fabrice G; Davis, DeShaun L; Crelling, Jeff B; Lockwood, John R; Jalilvand, Farzad

2018-02-01

Lockie, RG, Moreno, MR, Lazar, A, Orjalo, AJ, Giuliano, DV, Risso, FG, Davis, DL, Crelling, JB, Lockwood, JR, and Jalilvand, F. The physical and athletic performance characteristics of Division I collegiate female soccer players by position. J Strength Cond Res 32(2): 334-343, 2018-Playing positions in soccer can exhibit different movement demands during a match, contributing to variations in physical and performance characteristics. National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) soccer features different substitution rules when compared to FIFA-sanctioned matches, which could influence each players' characteristics. Therefore, this study determined the athletic performance characteristics of Division I female soccer players. Twenty-six players (3 goalkeepers; 8 defenders; 10 midfielders; 5 forwards) from the same squad completed assessments of: lower-body power (vertical and standing broad jump); linear (0-5, 0-10, 0-30 meter [m] sprint intervals) and change-of-direction (pro-agility shuttle; arrowhead change-of-direction speed test) speed; and soccer-specific fitness (Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Test [YYIRT] levels 1 and 2). Players were split into position groups, and a Kruskal-Wallis H test with post hoc pairwise analyses (p ≤ 0.05) calculated significant between-group differences. There were no differences in age, height, or body mass between the positions. Midfielders had a faster 0-5 m time compared with the defenders (p = 0.017) and the goalkeepers (p = 0.030). The defenders (p = 0.011) and midfielders (p = 0.013) covered a greater YYIRT2 distance compared with the goalkeepers. There were no other significant between-position differences. Overall, Division I collegiate female players from the same squad demonstrated similar characteristics as measured by soccer-specific performance tests, which could allow for flexibility in position assignments. However, a relatively homogenous squad could also indicate commonality in training prescription, particularly

CCR2 V64I polymorphism in rifampicin resistant tuberculosis patients in Moewardi General Hospital Surakarta, Indonesia

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Marwoto; Agung Prasetyo, Afiono; Reviono; Suradi

2018-05-01

CC chemokine receptor-2 (CCR2) play important roles in inflammation. The CCR2 V64I polymorphism already reported associated with many diseases; however, the association of CCR2 V64I polymorphism with tuberculosis is still unknown. Also, there is no report about the presentation of CCR2 V64I polymorphisms in Indonesian tuberculosis patients with rifampicin-mono resistant status has ever been published, to the best of our knowledge. This study evaluated the presence of CCR2 V64I polymorphisms in Javanese rifampicin-mono resistant tuberculosis patients. In an ongoing molecular epidemiology study of human genomic polymorphisms and infection, 51 Javanese rifampicin-mono resistant tuberculosis patients in Dr. Moewardi General Hospital in Surakarta were enrolled in the study. The blood samples were aliquoted and fractionated. The nucleic acids were extracted from all blood samples and subjected to the CCR2 V64I polymorphisms detection by a polymerase chain reaction-sequence-specific primer (PCR-SSP) technique. PCR products were analyzed in 3% agarose. CCR2 64V and 64I homozygote were found in 23.5% (12/51) and 23.5% (12/51) blood samples, respectively. The CCR2 VI genotype was found in 52.9% (27/51) blood samples. The CCR2 VI genotype was found predominant in Javanese rifampicin-mono resistant tuberculosis patients and may have anassociation with the clinical progression.

Module Measurements | Photovoltaic Research | NREL

Science.gov Websites

prototype concentrator evaluation test bed, and the Daystar DS-10/125 portable I-V curve tracer. Standard Evaluation Test Bed. We developed this test bed to be able to evaluate I-V characteristics throughout the day a function of time, temperature, and light level. This test bed data set is also used to evaluate

MoRe-based tunnel junctions and their characteristics

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Shaternik, V.; Larkin, S.; Noskov, V.; Chubatyy, V.; Sizontov, V.; Miroshnikov, A.; Karmazin, A.

2008-02-01

Perspective Josephson Mo-Re alloy-oxide-Pb, Mo-Re alloy-normal metal-oxide-Pb and Mo-Re alloy-normal metal-oxide-normal metal-Mo-Re alloy junctions have been fabricated and investigated. Thin (~50-100 nm) MoRe superconducting films are deposited on Al2O3 substrates by using a dc magnetron sputtering of MoRe target. Normal metal (Sn, Al) thin films are deposited on the MoRe films surfaces by thermal evaporation of metals in vacuum and oxidized to fabricate junctions oxide barriers. Quasiparticle I-V curves of the fabricated junctions were measured in wide range of voltages. To investigate a transparency spread for the fabricated junctions barriers the computer simulation of the measured quasiparticle I-V curves have been done in framework of the model of multiple Andreev reflections in double-barrier junction interfaces. It's demonstrated the investigated junctions can be described as highly asymmetric double-barrier Josephson junctions with great difference between the two barrier transparencies. The result of the comparison of experimental quasiparticle I-V curves and calculated ones is proposed and discussed. Also I-V curves of the fabricated junctions have been measured under microwave irradiation with 60 GHz frequency, clear Shapiro steps in the measured I-V curves were observed and discussed.

Detailed characteristics of radiation belt electrons revealed by CSSWE/REPTile measurements: Geomagnetic activity response and precipitation observation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhang, K.; Li, X.; Schiller, Q.; Gerhardt, D.; Zhao, H.; Millan, R.

2017-08-01

Earth's outer radiation belt electrons are highly dynamic. We study the detailed characteristics of relativistic electrons in the outer belt using measurements from the Colorado Student Space Weather Experiment (CSSWE) mission, a low Earth orbit (LEO) CubeSat, which traverses the radiation belt four times in one orbit ( 1.5 h) and has the advantage of measuring the dynamic activities of the electrons including their rapid precipitation. We focus on the measured electron response to geomagnetic activity for different energies to show that there are abundant sub-MeV electrons in the inner belt and slot region. These electrons are further enhanced during active times, while there is a lack of >1.63 MeV electrons in these regions. We also show that the variation of measured electron flux at LEO is strongly dependent on the local magnetic field strength, which is far from a dipole approximation. Moreover, a specific precipitation band, which happened on 19 January 2013, is investigated based on the conjunctive measurement of CSSWE, the Balloon Array for Radiation belt Relativistic Electron Losses, and one of the Polar Operational Environmental Satellites. In this precipitation band event, the net loss of the 0.58-1.63 MeV electrons (L = 3.5-6) is estimated to account for 6.8% of the total electron content.

Mixed-state bipolar I and II depression: time to remission and clinical characteristics.

PubMed

Shim, In Hee; Woo, Young Sup; Jun, Tae-Youn; Bahk, Won-Myong

2014-01-01

We compared the time to achieve remission and the clinical characteristics of patients with bipolar depressive mixed state and those with bipolar depressive non-mixed state. The subjects (N=131) were inpatients diagnosed between 2006 and 2012 with bipolar I or II disorder, depression and were classified into the following three groups: "pure depressive state" (PD, n=70), "sub-threshold mixed state" (SMX, n=38), and "depressive mixed state" (DMX, n=23). Diagnosis of a DMX was in accordance with Benazzi's definition: three or more manic symptoms in a depressive episode. The subjects' charts were retrospectively reviewed to ascertain the time to achieve remission from the index episode and to identify other factors, such as demographic and clinical characteristics, specific manic symptoms, and pharmacological treatment, that may have contributed to remission. The time to achieve remission was significantly longer in the DMX (p=0.022) and SMX (p=0.035) groups than in the PD group. Adjustment for covariates using a Cox proportional hazards model did not change these results. Clinically, subjects with a DMX were more likely to have manic symptoms in the index episode, especially inflated self-esteem and psychomotor agitation than those in the PD. We investigated only inpatients and therefore could not comment on outpatients. These findings showed that sub-syndromal manic symptoms in bipolar depression had different clinical characteristics and a more severe illness course, including a longer time to achieve remission, than did a pure depressive state. © 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Ares I-X Range Safety Simulation Verification and Analysis IV and V

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Tarpley, Ashley; Beaty, James; Starr, Brett

2010-01-01

NASA s ARES I-X vehicle launched on a suborbital test flight from the Eastern Range in Florida on October 28, 2009. NASA generated a Range Safety (RS) flight data package to meet the RS trajectory data requirements defined in the Air Force Space Command Manual 91-710. Some products included in the flight data package were a nominal ascent trajectory, ascent flight envelope trajectories, and malfunction turn trajectories. These data are used by the Air Force s 45th Space Wing (45SW) to ensure Eastern Range public safety and to make flight termination decisions on launch day. Due to the criticality of the RS data in regards to public safety and mission success, an independent validation and verification (IV&V) effort was undertaken to accompany the data generation analyses to ensure utmost data quality and correct adherence to requirements. Multiple NASA centers and contractor organizations were assigned specific products to IV&V. The data generation and IV&V work was coordinated through the Launch Constellation Range Safety Panel s Trajectory Working Group, which included members from the prime and IV&V organizations as well as the 45SW. As a result of the IV&V efforts, the RS product package was delivered with confidence that two independent organizations using separate simulation software generated data to meet the range requirements and yielded similar results. This document captures ARES I-X RS product IV&V analysis, including the methodology used to verify inputs, simulation, and output data for an RS product. Additionally a discussion of lessons learned is presented to capture advantages and disadvantages to the IV&V processes used.

Measuring Characteristics of Teacher Professional Development

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Soine, Karen M.; Lumpe, Andrew

2014-01-01

The primary purpose of the study was to create and psychometrically test an instrument which measured teachers' perceptions of characteristics of professional development. The sample consisted of elementary teachers from five school districts in Washington State participating in a district improvement initiative. Results of exploratory factor…

[The characteristics of auditory brainstem response in preterm very low birth weight babies].

PubMed

Wang, Xiaoya; Luo, Renzhong; Wen, Ruijin; Chen, Qian; Zhou, Jialin; Zou, Yu

2009-08-01

To discuss the characteristics of auditory brainstem response in preterm very low birth weight (VLBW) babies and to investigate the correlations between the ABR and clinical characteristics. Fifty-nine VLBW babies (118 ears) were enrolled in the study and 30 term normal babies as the control group. Tympanometry, acoustic reflex, DPOAE, ABR were obtained in all the babies. The prevalence of hearing loss in VLBW babies was higher than normal term babies and babies with perinatal complications higher than those without perinatal complications. There was no correlations between ABR threshold and gestational age, birth weight, postconceptional age, negative correlations between wave I, III and V latencies I - III, III - V and I - V intervals and postconceptional age. Wave I and V latencies, I - III and III - V intervals differed significantly between the two groups. The perinatal complications were the most important causes of the hearing loss in preterm VLBW babies than the gestational age and birth weight. There was a high prevalence of peripheral hearing loss in the preterm VLBW babies. Combining OAE and automated ABR should be applied for hearing screening. Regular follow-up was very important in all the preterm VLBW neonatal.

Measuring Contextual Characteristics for Community Health

PubMed Central

Hillemeier, Marianne M; Lynch, John; Harper, Sam; Casper, Michele

2003-01-01

Objective To conceptualize and measure community contextual influences on population health and health disparities. Data Sources We use traditional and nontraditional secondary sources of data comprising a comprehensive array of community characteristics. Study Design Using a consultative process, we identify 12 overarching dimensions of contextual characteristics that may affect community health, as well as specific subcomponents relating to each dimension. Data Collection An extensive geocoded library of data indicators relating to each dimension and subcomponent for metropolitan areas in the United States is assembled. Principal Findings We describe the development of community contextual health profiles, present the rationale supporting each of the profile dimensions, and provide examples of relevant data sources. Conclusions Our conceptual framework for community contextual characteristics, including a specified set of dimensions and components, can provide practical ways to monitor health-related aspects of the economic, social, and physical environments in which people live. We suggest several guiding principles useful for understanding how aspects of contextual characteristics can affect health and health disparities. PMID:14727793

A new measurement of the 6Li(n, α)t cross section at MeV energies using a 252Cf fission chamber and 6Li scintillators

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kirsch, Leo E.; Devlin, M.; Mosby, S. M.; Gomez, J. A.

2017-12-01

A new measurement is presented of the 6Li(n, α)t cross section from 245 keV to 10 MeV using a 252Cf fission chamber with 6LiI(Eu) and Cs2LiYCl6:Ce (CLYC) scintillators which act as both target and detector. Neutron energies are determined from the time of flight (TOF) method using the signals from spontaneous fission and reaction product recoil. Simulations of neutron downscatter in the crystals and fission chamber bring 6Li(n, α)t cross section values measured with the 6LiI(Eu) into agreement with previous experiments and evaluations, except for two resonances at 4.2 and 6.5 MeV introduced by ENDF/B-VII.1. Suspected neutron transport modeling issues cause the cross section values obtained with CLYC to be discrepant above 2 MeV.

Efficacy and safety of i.v. sodium benzoate in urea cycle disorders: a multicentre retrospective study.

PubMed

Husson, Marie-Caroline; Schiff, Manuel; Fouilhoux, Alain; Cano, Aline; Dobbelaere, Dries; Brassier, Anais; Mention, Karine; Arnoux, Jean-Baptiste; Feillet, François; Chabrol, Brigitte; Guffon, Nathalie; Elie, Caroline; de Lonlay, Pascale

2016-09-23

The efficacy and safety of intra-venous (i.v.) sodium benzoate for treating acute episodes of hyperammonemia in urea cycle enzyme disorders (UCD) is well known. However, published data do not provide a clear picture of the benefits and risks of this drug. We report a retrospective multicentre study on the use of i.v. sodium benzoate in patients treated for UCD between 2000 and 2010 in the 6 French reference centres for metabolic diseases. Sixty-one patients with UCDs - 22 ornithine transcarbamylase (20 confirmed, 2 suspected), 18 arginino-succinate synthetase, 15 carbamoyl phosphate synthetase, 3 arginosuccinate lyase, 1 arginase deficiency, 1 N-acetylglutamate synthetase, 1 HHH syndrome - required i.v. sodium benzoate over the course of 95 acute episodes (NH3 > 100 μmol/L or high-risk situations, i.e., gastroenteritis, surgery). Forty out of 61 patients experienced only one episode of decompensation (neonatal coma, 68.6 %). The most frequent cause of late decompensation was infection (55.5 %). A loading dose of i.v. sodium benzoate (median 250 mg/kg over 2 h) was administered for 41/95 acute episodes. The median maintenance dose was 246.1 mg/kg/day, administered via peripheral venous infusion in all cases except one via a central line. The total median duration of i.v. sodium benzoate treatment per episode was 2 days (0-13 days). The median durations of hospitalization in intensive care and metabolic units were 4 days (0-17 days) and 10 days (0-70 days), respectively. Eight patients died during the neonatal coma (n = 6) or surgery (n = 2). The median plasma ammonium level before treatment was 245.5 μmol/L (20.0-2274.0 μmol/L); it decreased to 40.0 μmol/L in patients who were alive (13.0-181.0 μmol/L) at the end of treatment with i.v. sodium benzoate. A decrease in ammonium level to ≤ 100 μmol/L was obtained in 92.8 % of episodes (64/69 of the episodes recorded for the 53 surviving patients). Five patients required another

30 CFR 57.22206 - Main ventilation failure (I-A, II-A, III, and V-A mines).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Main ventilation failure (I-A, II-A, III, and V-A mines). 57.22206 Section 57.22206 Mineral Resources MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION... Main ventilation failure (I-A, II-A, III, and V-A mines). (a) When there has been a main ventilation...

Psychometric properties of the Youth Anxiety Measure for DSM-5, Part I (YAM-5-I) in a community sample of Spanish-speaking adolescents.

PubMed

Garcia-Lopez, Luis-Joaquin; Saez-Castillo, Antonio J; Fuentes-Rodriguez, Gema

2017-01-15

Anxiety disorders are among the most common mental disorders in adolescence. There is a need for brief screening tools to identify adolescents at risk for anxiety disorders. The Youth Anxiety Measure for DSM-5 has been recently developed to assess youths' anxiety symptoms in terms of the current classification system. The goal of this study is to provide a first test of its psychometric properties in a community sample of adolescents in Spain. The sample consisted of 505 13- to 17-year-old adolescents who completed Part I of the YAM-5 (YAM-5-I), which measures symptoms of the major anxiety disorders. Data indicated that the YAM-5-I displays appropriate internal consistency reliability. In addition, support was also found for the construct validity of the measure: most items loaded on a factor that represented the hypothesized anxiety syndromes, although it should also be noted that some items exhibited issues and therefore had to be discarded. Cross-cultural and trans-national studies are needed to determine psychometric properties of scale across languages and cultures. Our findings suggest that the YAM-5-I has satisfactory psychometric properties, which indicates that it can be used as a screening tool in Spanish-speaking adolescents from the general population. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Measurement of the higher-order anisotropic flow coefficients for identified hadrons in Au + Au collisions at s N N = 200 GeV

DOE PAGES

Adare, A.; Afanasiev, S.; Aidala, C.; ...

2016-05-31

Inmore » this paper, measurements of the anisotropic flow coefficients v 2{Ψ 2}, v 3{Ψ 3}, v 4{Ψ 4}, and v 4{Ψ 2} for identified particles (π ±, K ±, and p + ¯p) at midrapidity, obtained relative to the event planes Ψ m at forward rapidities in Au + Au collisions at s N N = 200 GeV , are presented as a function of collision centrality and particle transverse momenta p T. The v n coefficients show characteristic patterns consistent with hydrodynamical expansion of the matter produced in the collisions. For each harmonic n, a modified valence quark-number N q scaling [plotting v n{Ψ m}/(N q) n/2 versus transverse kinetic energies (KE T)/N q] is observed to yield a single curve for all the measured particle species for a broad range of KE T . A simultaneous blast-wave model fit to the observed v n{Ψ m}(p T) coefficients and published particle spectra identifies radial flow anisotropies ρ n{Ψ m} and spatial eccentricities s n{Ψ m} at freeze-out. Finally, these are generally smaller than the initial-state participant-plane geometric eccentricities ε n {Ψ PP m} as also observed in the final eccentricity from quantum interferometry measurements with respect to the event plane.« less

Stellar laboratories . IX. New Se v, Sr iv-vii, Te vi, and I vi oscillator strengths and the Se, Sr, Te, and I abundances in the hot white dwarfs G191-B2B and RE 0503-289

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rauch, T.; Quinet, P.; Knörzer, M.; Hoyer, D.; Werner, K.; Kruk, J. W.; Demleitner, M.

2017-10-01

Context. To analyze spectra of hot stars, advanced non-local thermodynamic equilibrium (NLTE) model-atmosphere techniques are mandatory. Reliable atomic data is crucial for the calculation of such model atmospheres. Aims: We aim to calculate new Sr iv-vii oscillator strengths to identify for the first time Sr spectral lines in hot white dwarf (WD) stars and to determine the photospheric Sr abundances. To measure the abundances of Se, Te, and I in hot WDs, we aim to compute new Se v, Te vi, and I vi oscillator strengths. Methods: To consider radiative and collisional bound-bound transitions of Se v, Sr iv - vii, Te vi, and I vi in our NLTE atmosphere models, we calculated oscillator strengths for these ions. Results: We newly identified four Se v, 23 Sr v, 1 Te vi, and three I vi lines in the ultraviolet (UV) spectrum of RE 0503-289. We measured a photospheric Sr abundance of 6.5+ 3.8-2.4× 10-4 (mass fraction, 9500-23 800 times solar). We determined the abundances of Se (1.6+ 0.9-0.6× 10-3, 8000-20 000), Te (2.5+ 1.5-0.9× 10-4, 11 000-28 000), and I (1.4+ 0.8-0.5× 10-5, 2700-6700). No Se, Sr, Te, and I line was found in the UV spectra of G191-B2B and we could determine only upper abundance limits of approximately 100 times solar. Conclusions: All identified Se v, Sr v, Te vi, and I vi lines in the UV spectrum of RE 0503-289 were simultaneously well reproduced with our newly calculated oscillator strengths. Based on observations with the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope, obtained at the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., under NASA contract NAS5-26666. Based on observations made with the NASA-CNES-CSA Far Ultraviolet Spectroscopic Explorer. Full Tables A.15 to A.21 are only available via the German Astrophysical Virtual Observatory (GAVO) service TOSS (http://dc.g-vo.org/TOSS).

Impact of low-energy photons on the characteristics of prompt fission γ -ray spectra

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Oberstedt, A.; Billnert, R.; Hambsch, F.-J.; Oberstedt, S.

2015-07-01

In this paper we report on a new study of prompt γ -rays from the spontaneous fission of 252Cf . Photons were measured in coincidence with fission fragments by employing four different lanthanide halide scintillation detectors. Together with results from a previous work of ours, we determined characteristic parameters with high precision, such as the average γ -ray multiplicity ν¯γ=(8.29 ±0.13 ), the average energy per photon ɛγ=(0.80 ±0.02 ) MeV, and the total γ -ray energy release per fission Eγ ,tot=(6.65 ±0.10 ) MeV. The excellent agreement between the individual results obtained in all six measurements proves the good repeatability of the applied experimental technique. The impact of low-energy photons, i.e., below 500 keV, on prompt fission γ -ray spectra characteristics has been investigated as well by comparing our results with those taken with the DANCE detector system, which appears to suffer from absorption effects in the low-energy region. Correction factors for this effect were estimated, giving results comparable to ours as well as to historical ones. From this we demonstrate that the different techniques of determining the average γ -ray multiplicity, either from a properly measured and normalized spectrum or a measured multiplicity distribution, give equivalent and consistent results.

Lift System Induced Aerodynamics of V/STOL Aircraft In a Moving Deck Environment. Volume I. Technical Discussion

DTIC Science & Technology

1978-09-29

5-33 Induced Lift on InTier Region Plate For eaving Deck Motion ........................ ........................ 1q3 5-34 Subsonic ViSTI1, Heave...I t uittasa Lt, "I lI tt (I I L S’. 1’’ 1t l 1t Vittisr ti r 10 yerii I I cL ot geII), thert.1 ’v redo’.L L i n duts t ’ni td n ,~ v 1wi vii t ij...s 11cesL g I Ld it sta i lit r Lon isS t’tlSIti(’ Lo thrust tials. i1htŽ -Il-i -;pt u iL Ik;! is tO_ td \\’t abOlldlt 3 percctLt ofth L ilt’ ts

Current-voltage characteristics of organic semiconductors: Interfacial control between organic layers and electrodes

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kondo, Takeshi

2007-12-01

Current-voltage (I-V) characteristics of organic molecular glasses and solution processable materials embedded between two electrodes were studied to find materials possessing high charge-carrier mobilities and to design organic memory devices. The comparison studies between TOF, FET and SCLC measurements confirm the validity of using analyses of I-V characteristics to determine the mobility of organic semiconductors. Hexaazatrinaphthylene derivatives tri-substituted by electron withdrawing groups were characterized as potential electron transporting molecular glasses. The presence of two isomers has important implications for film morphology and effective mobility. The statistical isomer mixture of hexaazatrinaphthylene derivatized with pentafluoro-phenylmethyl ester is able to form amorphous films, and electron mobilities with the range of 10--2 cm2/Vs are observed in their I-V characteristics. Single-layer organic memory devices consisting of a polymer layer embedded between an Al electrode and ITO modified with Ag nanodots (Ag-NDs) prepared by a solution-based surface assembly demonstrated a potential capability as nonvolatile organic memory device with high ON/OFF switching ratios of 10 4. This level of performance could be achieved by modifying the ITO electrodes with some Ag-NDs that act as trapping sites, reducing the current in the OFF state. Based upon the observed electrical characteristics, the currents of the low-resistance state can be attributed to a tunneling through low-resistance pathways of metal particles originating from the metal top electrode in the organic layer and that the high-resistance state is controlled by charge trapping by the metal particles including Ag-NDs. In an alternative approach, complex films of AgNO3: hexaazatrinaphthylene derivatives were studied as the active layers for all-solution processed and air-stable organic memory devices. Rewritable memory effects were observed in the devices comprised of a thin polymer

Cavitation characteristics of a small centrifugal pump in He I and He II

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Ludtke, P. R.; Daney, D. E.

1988-01-01

The cavitation characteristics of a small preinduced centrifugal pump operating in He I and He II over the temperature range 1.8-4.2 K are presented. The pump and close-coupled induction motor operate immersed in liquid helium. A six-blade propeller inducer and a three-blade screw inducer were both tested. With this pump configuration using either inducer, there is a tremendous difference between the cavitation characteristics of He I and He II. The net positive suction head requirements for this pump with the screw inducer could not be determined for He I, but it is less than -100 mm and, depending on flow rate, ranges between 35 and 165 mm for He II.

30 CFR 57.22214 - Changes in ventilation (I-A, II-A, III, and V-A mines).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Changes in ventilation (I-A, II-A, III, and V-A mines). 57.22214 Section 57.22214 Mineral Resources MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF... ventilation (I-A, II-A, III, and V-A mines). (a) Changes in ventilation which affect the main air current or...

30 CFR 57.22214 - Changes in ventilation (I-A, II-A, III, and V-A mines).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Changes in ventilation (I-A, II-A, III, and V-A mines). 57.22214 Section 57.22214 Mineral Resources MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF... ventilation (I-A, II-A, III, and V-A mines). (a) Changes in ventilation which affect the main air current or...

Measurement of the atmospheric neutrino energy spectrum from 100 GeV to 400 TeV with IceCube

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Abbasi, R.; Abdou, Y.; Abu-Zayyad, T.; Adams, J.; Aguilar, J. A.; Ahlers, M.; Andeen, K.; Auffenberg, J.; Bai, X.; Baker, M.; Barwick, S. W.; Bay, R.; Bazo Alba, J. L.; Beattie, K.; Beatty, J. J.; Bechet, S.; Becker, J. K.; Becker, K.-H.; Benabderrahmane, M. L.; Benzvi, S.; Berdermann, J.; Berghaus, P.; Berley, D.; Bernardini, E.; Bertrand, D.; Besson, D. Z.; Bissok, M.; Blaufuss, E.; Blumenthal, J.; Boersma, D. J.; Bohm, C.; Bose, D.; Böser, S.; Botner, O.; Braun, J.; Buitink, S.; Carson, M.; Chirkin, D.; Christy, B.; Clem, J.; Clevermann, F.; Cohen, S.; Colnard, C.; Cowen, D. F.; D'Agostino, M. V.; Danninger, M.; Davis, J. C.; de Clercq, C.; Demirörs, L.; Depaepe, O.; Descamps, F.; Desiati, P.; de Vries-Uiterweerd, G.; Deyoung, T.; Díaz-Vélez, J. C.; Dierckxsens, M.; Dreyer, J.; Dumm, J. P.; Duvoort, M. R.; Ehrlich, R.; Eisch, J.; Ellsworth, R. W.; Engdegård, O.; Euler, S.; Evenson, P. A.; Fadiran, O.; Fazely, A. R.; Fedynitch, A.; Feusels, T.; Filimonov, K.; Finley, C.; Foerster, M. M.; Fox, B. D.; Franckowiak, A.; Franke, R.; Gaisser, T. K.; Gallagher, J.; Geisler, M.; Gerhardt, L.; Gladstone, L.; Glüsenkamp, T.; Goldschmidt, A.; Goodman, J. A.; Grant, D.; Griesel, T.; Groß, A.; Grullon, S.; Gurtner, M.; Ha, C.; Hallgren, A.; Halzen, F.; Han, K.; Hanson, K.; Helbing, K.; Herquet, P.; Hickford, S.; Hill, G. C.; Hoffman, K. D.; Homeier, A.; Hoshina, K.; Hubert, D.; Huelsnitz, W.; Hülß, J.-P.; Hulth, P. O.; Hultqvist, K.; Hussain, S.; Ishihara, A.; Jacobsen, J.; Japaridze, G. S.; Johansson, H.; Joseph, J. M.; Kampert, K.-H.; Kappes, A.; Karg, T.; Karle, A.; Kelley, J. L.; Kemming, N.; Kenny, P.; Kiryluk, J.; Kislat, F.; Klein, S. R.; Köhne, J.-H.; Kohnen, G.; Kolanoski, H.; Köpke, L.; Koskinen, D. J.; Kowalski, M.; Kowarik, T.; Krasberg, M.; Krings, T.; Kroll, G.; Kuehn, K.; Kuwabara, T.; Labare, M.; Lafebre, S.; Laihem, K.; Landsman, H.; Larson, M. J.; Lauer, R.; Lehmann, R.; Lünemann, J.; Madsen, J.; Majumdar, P.; Marotta, A.; Maruyama, R.; Mase, K.; Matis, H. S.; Matusik, M.; Meagher, K.; Merck, M.; Mészáros, P.; Meures, T.; Middell, E.; Milke, N.; Miller, J.; Montaruli, T.; Morse, R.; Movit, S. M.; Nahnhauer, R.; Nam, J. W.; Naumann, U.; Nießen, P.; Nygren, D. R.; Odrowski, S.; Olivas, A.; Olivo, M.; O'Murchadha, A.; Ono, M.; Panknin, S.; Paul, L.; Pérez de Los Heros, C.; Petrovic, J.; Piegsa, A.; Pieloth, D.; Porrata, R.; Posselt, J.; Price, P. B.; Prikockis, M.; Przybylski, G. T.; Rawlins, K.; Redl, P.; Resconi, E.; Rhode, W.; Ribordy, M.; Rizzo, A.; Rodrigues, J. P.; Roth, P.; Rothmaier, F.; Rott, C.; Ruhe, T.; Rutledge, D.; Ruzybayev, B.; Ryckbosch, D.; Sander, H.-G.; Santander, M.; Sarkar, S.; Schatto, K.; Schlenstedt, S.; Schmidt, T.; Schukraft, A.; Schultes, A.; Schulz, O.; Schunck, M.; Seckel, D.; Semburg, B.; Seo, S. H.; Sestayo, Y.; Seunarine, S.; Silvestri, A.; Singh, K.; Slipak, A.; Spiczak, G. M.; Spiering, C.; Stamatikos, M.; Stanev, T.; Stephens, G.; Stezelberger, T.; Stokstad, R. G.; Stoyanov, S.; Strahler, E. A.; Straszheim, T.; Sullivan, G. W.; Swillens, Q.; Taavola, H.; Taboada, I.; Tamburro, A.; Tarasova, O.; Tepe, A.; Ter-Antonyan, S.; Tilav, S.; Toale, P. A.; Toscano, S.; Tosi, D.; Turčan, D.; van Eijndhoven, N.; Vandenbroucke, J.; van Overloop, A.; van Santen, J.; Voge, M.; Voigt, B.; Walck, C.; Waldenmaier, T.; Wallraff, M.; Walter, M.; Weaver, Ch.; Wendt, C.; Westerhoff, S.; Whitehorn, N.; Wiebe, K.; Wiebusch, C. H.; Wikström, G.; Williams, D. R.; Wischnewski, R.; Wissing, H.; Wolf, M.; Woschnagg, K.; Xu, C.; Xu, X. W.; Yodh, G.; Yoshida, S.; Zarzhitsky, P.

2011-01-01

A measurement of the atmospheric muon neutrino energy spectrum from 100 GeV to 400 TeV was performed using a data sample of about 18 000 up-going atmospheric muon neutrino events in IceCube. Boosted decision trees were used for event selection to reject misreconstructed atmospheric muons and obtain a sample of up-going muon neutrino events. Background contamination in the final event sample is less than 1%. This is the first measurement of atmospheric neutrinos up to 400 TeV, and is fundamental to understanding the impact of this neutrino background on astrophysical neutrino observations with IceCube. The measured spectrum is consistent with predictions for the atmospheric νμ+ν¯μ flux.

Annealing characteristics of amorphous silicon alloy solar cells irradiated with 1.00 MeV protons

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Abdulaziz, Salman S.; Woodyard, James R.

1991-01-01

Amorphous Si:H and amorphous Si sub x, Ge sub (1-x):H solar cells were irradiated with 1.00 MeV proton fluences in the range of 1.00E14 to 1.25E15 cm (exp -2). Annealing of the short circuit current density was studied at 0, 22, 50, 100, and 150 C. Annealing times ranged from an hour to several days. The measurements confirmed that annealing occurs at 0 C and the initial characteristics of the cells are restored by annealing at 200 C. The rate of annealing does not appear to follow a simple nth order reaction rate model. Calculations of the short-circuit current density using quantum efficiency measurements and the standard AM1.5 global spectrum compare favorably with measured values. It is proposed that the degradation in J sub sc with irradiation is due to carrier recombination through the fraction of D (o) states bounded by the quasi-Fermi energies. The time dependence of the rate of annealing of J sub sc does appear to be consistent with the interpretation that there is a thermally activated dispersive transport mechanism which leads to the passivation of the irradiation induced defects.

Characteristics of GeV Electron Bunches Accelerated by Intense Lasers in Vacuum

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wang, P. X.; Ho, Y. K.; Kong, Q.; Yuan, X. Q.; Cao, N.; Feng, L.

This paper studies the characteristics of GeV electron bunches driven by ultra-intense lasers in vacuum based on the mechanism of capture and violent acceleration scenario [CAS, see, e.g. J. X. Wang et al., Phys. Rev. E58, 6575 (1998)], which shows an interesting prospect of becoming a new principle of laser-driven accelerators. It has been found that the accelerated GeV electron bunch is a macro-pulse composed of a lot of micro-pulses, which is analogous to the structure of the bunches produced by conventional linacs. The macro-pulse corresponds to the duration of the laser pulse while the micro-pulse corresponds to the periodicity of the laser wave. Therefore, provided that the incoming electron bunch with comparable sizes as that of the laser pulse synchronously impinges on the laser pulse, the total fraction of electrons captured and accelerated to GeV energy can reach more than 20%. These results demonstrate that the mechanisms of CAS is a relatively effective accelerator mechanism.

On the exact solutions of high order wave equations of KdV type (I)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bulut, Hasan; Pandir, Yusuf; Baskonus, Haci Mehmet

2014-12-01

In this paper, by means of a proper transformation and symbolic computation, we study high order wave equations of KdV type (I). We obtained classification of exact solutions that contain soliton, rational, trigonometric and elliptic function solutions by using the extended trial equation method. As a result, the motivation of this paper is to utilize the extended trial equation method to explore new solutions of high order wave equation of KdV type (I). This method is confirmed by applying it to this kind of selected nonlinear equations.

Measurement of the $W+$ jets differential cross-sections in $$p\\bar{p}$$ collisions at $$\\sqrt{s} = 1.96$$ TeV using the CDF II Detector

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Driutti, Anna

2016-01-01

In this thesis the measurements of differential cross sections for the production of themore » $W$-boson in association with jets in $$p\\bar{p}$$ collisions at $$\\sqrt{s} = 1.96$$ TeV are presented. The measurements are based on 9.0 fb$$^{-1}$$ of CDF Run II data (i.e., the full dataset). Only events in which the W-boson decays leptonically (i.e., W → ev and W → μv)and at least one jet is present are considered. The lepton candidates are required to have a transverse energy $$E^{\\ell}_T > 25$$GeV and pseudorapidity in the range |n ℓ| < 1 whereas, the jets are reconstructed using the JETCLU algorithm with a radius of 0.4 requiring transverse energy $$E^{jet}_T > 25$$GeV and pseudorapidity in the range |η jet| < 2. The reconstructed W-boson transverse mass should be greater than 40GeV/c 2. The differential cross sections as a function of the jet multiplicity ($N$ > or = to 1, 2, 3, 4) and the leading jet transverse energy, are measured separately for each decay channel and then combined. For a meaningful comparison with theory the measured cross-sections are unfolded to remove detector effects. The resulting particle-level cross-sections are compared to theoretical predictions.« less

Measurement and potential barrier evolution analysis of cold field emission in fracture fabricated Si nanogap

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Banerjee, Amit; Hirai, Yoshikazu; Tsuchiya, Toshiyuki; Tabata, Osamu

2017-06-01

Cold field emission characteristics of a fracture fabricated Si nanogap (˜100 nm) were investigated with an ascending electric field (voltage) sweep. The nanogap was formed by controlled fracture of a free-standing silicon micro-beam along <111> direction by a microelectromechanical device, which results in flat, smooth, and conformal electrode pairs. This facilitates simultaneous large area emission, which gives rise to a significant current at low bias voltage, which usually remains indiscernible in nanogaps of this size. The measured emission current-voltage (I-V) characteristics clearly depict two distinct regimes: a linear (I ∝ V) regime at low bias voltage and a nonlinear [ln(I/V 2) ∝ V -1] regime at high bias voltage, separated by a transition point. We propose that the linear regime is owed to direct tunneling of electrons, whereas the nonlinear regime is due to Fowler-Nordheim type emission. This proposition essentially implies that the tunneling potential barrier gradually evolved from a rectangular shape to a triangular shape with increasing field (V). This type of evolution is usually observed in molecular size gaps. We have attempted to correlate the I-V curves acquired through the experiments with the electric field induced barrier shape evolution by numerical calculations involving standard quantum mechanics. The observed linear regime at low bias voltage (<5 V) in a relatively large size gap (˜100 nm) is attributed to the fabrication method adopted in this study. The reported study and the fabricated device are significant for developing a futuristic thermotunneling refrigerator that will find a wide range of application in nanoelectronic devices.

Measurement of cardiac troponin I in healthy lactating dairy cows using a point of care analyzer (i-STAT-1).

PubMed

Labonté, Josiane; Roy, Jean-Philippe; Dubuc, Jocelyn; Buczinski, Sébastien

2015-06-01

Cardiac troponin I (cTnI) has been shown to be an accurate predictor of myocardial injury in cattle. The point-of-care i-STAT 1 immunoassay can be used to quantify blood cTnI in cattle. However, the cTnI reference interval in whole blood of healthy early lactating dairy cows remains unknown. To determine a blood cTnI reference interval in healthy early lactating Holstein dairy cows using the analyzer i-STAT 1. Forty healthy lactating dairy Holstein cows (0-60 days in milk) were conveniently selected from four commercial dairy farms. Each selected cow was examined by a veterinarian and transthoracic echocardiography was performed. A cow-side blood cTnI dosage was measured at the same time. A bootstrap statistical analysis method using unrestricted resampling was used to determine a reference interval for blood cTnI values. Forty healthy cows were recruited in the study. Median blood cTnI was 0.02 ng/mL (minimum: 0.00, maximum: 0.05). Based on the bootstrap analysis method with 40 cases, the 95th percentile of cTnI values in healthy cows was 0.036 ng/mL (90% CI: 0.02-0.05 ng/mL). A reference interval for blood cTnI values in healthy lactating cows was determined. Further research is needed to determine whether cTnI blood values could be used to diagnose and provide a prognosis for cardiac and noncardiac diseases in lactating dairy cows. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

AXAF VETA-I mirror encircled energy measurements and data reduction

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Zhao, Ping; Freeman, Mark D.; Hughes, John P.; Kellogg, Edwin M.; Nguyen, Dan T.; Joy, Marshall; Kolodziejczak, Jeffery J.

1992-01-01

The AXAF VETA-I mirror encircled energy was measured with a series of apertures and two flow gas proportional counters at five X-ray energies ranging from 0.28 to 2.3 keV. The proportional counter has a thin plastic window with an opaque wire mesh supporting grid. Depending on the counter position, this mesh can cause the X-ray transmission to vary as much as +/-9 percent, which directly translates into an error in the encircled energy. In order to correct this wire mesh effect, window scan measurements were made, in which the counter was scanned in both horizontal (Y) and vertical (Z) directions with the aperture fixed. Post VETA measurement of the VXDS setup were made to determine the exact geometry and position of the mesh grid. Computer models of the window mesh were developed to simulate the X-ray transmission based on this measurement. The window scan data were fitted to such mesh models and corrections were made. After this study, the mesh effect was well understood and the final results of the encircled energy were obtained with an uncertainty of less than 0.8 percent.

A new measurement of the 6Li(n,α)t cross section at MeV energies using a 252Cf fission chamber and 6Li scintillators

DOE PAGES

Kirsch, Leo Edward; Devlin, Matthew James; Mosby, Shea Morgan; ...

2017-09-01

We present a new measurement of the 6Li(n,α)t cross section from 245 keV to 10 MeV using a 252Cf fission chamber with 6LiI(Eu) and Cs 2LiYCl 6:Ce (CLYC) scintillators which act as both target and detector. Neutron energies are determined from the time of flight (TOF) method using the signals from spontaneous fission and reaction product recoil. Simulations of neutron downscatter in the crystals and fission chamber bring 6Li(n,α)t cross section values measured with the 6LiI(Eu) into agreement with previous experiments and evaluations, except for two resonances at 4.2 and 6.5 MeV introduced by ENDF/B-VII.1. Suspected neutron transport modeling issuesmore » cause the cross section values obtained with CLYC to be discrepant above 2 MeV.« less

A new measurement of the 6Li(n,α)t cross section at MeV energies using a 252Cf fission chamber and 6Li scintillators

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Kirsch, Leo Edward; Devlin, Matthew James; Mosby, Shea Morgan

We present a new measurement of the 6Li(n,α)t cross section from 245 keV to 10 MeV using a 252Cf fission chamber with 6LiI(Eu) and Cs 2LiYCl 6:Ce (CLYC) scintillators which act as both target and detector. Neutron energies are determined from the time of flight (TOF) method using the signals from spontaneous fission and reaction product recoil. Simulations of neutron downscatter in the crystals and fission chamber bring 6Li(n,α)t cross section values measured with the 6LiI(Eu) into agreement with previous experiments and evaluations, except for two resonances at 4.2 and 6.5 MeV introduced by ENDF/B-VII.1. Suspected neutron transport modeling issuesmore » cause the cross section values obtained with CLYC to be discrepant above 2 MeV.« less

The optimized V-V interval determined by interventricular conduction times versus invasive measurement by LVdP/dtMAX.

PubMed

van Gelder, Berry M; Meijer, Albert; Bracke, Frank A

2008-09-01

We compared the calculated optimal V-V interval derived from intracardiac electrograms (IEGM) with the optimized V-V interval determined by invasive measurement of LVdP/dt(MAX). Thirty-two patients with heart failure (six females, ages 68 +/- 7.8 years) had a CRT device implanted. After implantation of the atrial, right and a left ventricular lead, the optimal V-V interval was calculated using the QuickOpt formula (St. Jude Medical, Sylmar, CA, USA) applied to the respective IEGM recordings (V-V(IEGM)), and also determined by invasive measurement of LVdP/dt(MAX) (V-V(dP/dt)). The optimal V-V(IEGM) and V-V(dP/dt) intervals were 52.7 +/- 18 ms and 24.0 +/- 33 ms, respectively (P = 0.017), without correlation between the two. The baseline LVdP/dt(MAX) was 748 +/- 191 mmHg/s. The mean value of LVdP/dt(MAX) at invasive optimization was 947 +/- 198 mmHg/s, and at the calculated optimal V-V(IEGM) interval 920 +/- 191 mmHg/s (P < 0.0001). In spite of this significant difference, there was a good correlation between both methods (R = 0.991, P < 0.0001). However, a similarly good correlation existed between the maximum value of LVdP/dt(MAX) and LVdP/dt(MAX) at a fixed V-V interval of 0 ms (R = 0.993, P < 0.0001), or LVdP/dt(MAX) at a randomly selected V-V interval between 0 and +80 ms (R = 0.991, P < 0.0001). Optimizing the V-V interval with the IEGM method does not yield better hemodynamic results than simultaneous BiV pacing. Although a good correlation between LVdP/dt(MAX) determined with V-V(IEGM) and V-V(dP/dt) can be constructed, there is no correlation with the optimal settings of V-V interval in the individual patient.

The influence of thermal annealing on the characteristics of Au/Ni Schottky contacts on n-type 4 H-SiC

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Omotoso, E.; Auret, F. D.; Igumbor, E.; Tunhuma, S. M.; Danga, H. T.; Ngoepe, P. N. M.; Taleatu, B. A.; Meyer, W. E.

2018-05-01

The effects of isochronal annealing on the electrical, morphological and structural characteristics of Au/Ni/4 H-SiC Schottky barrier diodes (SBDs) have been studied. Current-voltage ( I- V), capacitance-voltage ( C- V), deep-level transient spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X-ray diffraction measurements were employed to study the thermal effect on the characteristics of the SBDs. Prior to thermal annealing of Schottky contacts, the I- V measurements results confirmed the good rectification behaviour with ideality factor of 1.06, Schottky barrier height of 1.20 eV and series resistance of 7 Ω. The rectification properties after annealing was maintained up to an annealing temperature of 500 °C, but deviated slightly above 500 °C. The uncompensated ionized donor concentration decreased with annealing temperature, which could be attributed to out-diffusion of the 4 H-SiC into the Au/Ni contacts and decrease in bonding due to formation of nickel silicides. We observed the presence of four deep-level defects with energies 0.09, 0.11, 0.16 and 0.65 eV below the conduction band before and after the isochronal annealing up to 600 °C. The conclusion drawn was that annealing did not affect the number of deep-level defects present in Au/Ni/4 H-SiC contacts. The variations in electrical properties of the devices were attributed to the phase transformations and interfacial reactions that occurred after isochronal annealing.

An Imaging System for Automated Characteristic Length Measurement of Debrisat Fragments

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Moraguez, Mathew; Patankar, Kunal; Fitz-Coy, Norman; Liou, J.-C.; Sorge, Marlon; Cowardin, Heather; Opiela, John; Krisko, Paula H.

2015-01-01

The debris fragments generated by DebriSat's hypervelocity impact test are currently being processed and characterized through an effort of NASA and USAF. The debris characteristics will be used to update satellite breakup models. In particular, the physical dimensions of the debris fragments must be measured to provide characteristic lengths for use in these models. Calipers and commercial 3D scanners were considered as measurement options, but an automated imaging system was ultimately developed to measure debris fragments. By automating the entire process, the measurement results are made repeatable and the human factor associated with calipers and 3D scanning is eliminated. Unlike using calipers to measure, the imaging system obtains non-contact measurements to avoid damaging delicate fragments. Furthermore, this fully automated measurement system minimizes fragment handling, which reduces the potential for fragment damage during the characterization process. In addition, the imaging system reduces the time required to determine the characteristic length of the debris fragment. In this way, the imaging system can measure the tens of thousands of DebriSat fragments at a rate of about six minutes per fragment, compared to hours per fragment in NASA's current 3D scanning measurement approach. The imaging system utilizes a space carving algorithm to generate a 3D point cloud of the article being measured and a custom developed algorithm then extracts the characteristic length from the point cloud. This paper describes the measurement process, results, challenges, and future work of the imaging system used for automated characteristic length measurement of DebriSat fragments.

Measuring the masses of intermediate polars with NuSTAR: V709 Cas, NY Lup, and V1223 Sgr

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Shaw, A. W.; Heinke, C. O.; Mukai, K.; Sivakoff, G. R.; Tomsick, J. A.; Rana, V.

2018-05-01

The X-ray spectra of intermediate polars can be modelled to give a direct measurement of white dwarf mass. Here, we fit accretion column models to NuSTAR spectra of three intermediate polars; V709 Cas, NY Lup, and V1223 Sgr in order to determine their masses. From fits to 3-78 keV spectra, we find masses of M_WD=0.88^{+0.05}_{-0.04} M_{⊙}, 1.16^{+0.04}_{-0.02} M_{⊙}, and 0.75 ± 0.02 M⊙ for V709 Cas, NY Lup, and V1223 Sgr, respectively. Our measurements are generally in agreement with those determined by previous surveys of intermediate polars, but with typically a factor ˜2 smaller uncertainties. This work paves the way for an approved NuSTAR Legacy Survey of white dwarf masses in intermediate polars.

Attempt to Measure (n, xn) Double-Differential Cross Sections for Incident Neutron Energies above 100 MeV

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Watanabe, T.; Kunieda, S.; Shigyo, N.

The experimental technique for measurement of (n, xn) double differential cross sections for incident neutron energy above 100 MeV has been attempted to be developed with continuous-energy neutrons up to 400 MeV. Neutrons were produced in the spallation reaction by the 800 MeV proton beam, which was incident on a thick, heavily shielded tungsten target at the WNR facility at Los Alamos National Laboratory. The energies of incident neutrons were determined by the time-of-flight method. Emitted neutrons were detected by the recoil proton method. A phoswich detector consisting of NaI(Tl) and NE102A plastic scintillators was used for detecting recoil protons.more » We compared the preliminary experimental cross section data with the calculations by PHITS and QMD codes.« less

Practice patterns for the use of iodinated i.v. contrast media for pediatric CT studies: a survey of the Society for Pediatric Radiology.

PubMed

Callahan, Michael J; Servaes, Sabah; Lee, Edward Y; Towbin, Alexander J; Westra, Sjirk J; Frush, Donald P

2014-04-01

There are limited data available on the use of i.v. contrast media for CT studies in the pediatric population. The purpose of this study is to determine the practice patterns of i.v. contrast media usage for pediatric CT by members of the Society for Pediatric Radiology (SPR). SPR members were surveyed regarding the use of i.v. contrast media for pediatric CT studies. Questions pertained to information required before administering i.v. contrast media, types of central catheters for injecting i.v. contrast media, injection rates based on angiocatheter size and study type, and management of i.v. contrast media extravasation. The response rate of 6% (88/1545) represented practice patterns of 26% (401/1545) of the SPR membership. Most respondents thought the following clinical information was mandatory before i.v. contrast media administration: allergy to i.v. contrast media (97%), renal insufficiency (97%), current metformin use (72%), significant allergies (61%), diabetes (54%), and asthma (52%). Most administered i.v. contrast media through nonimplanted central venous catheters (78%), implanted venous ports (78%), and peripherally inserted central catheters (72%). The most common maximum i.v. contrast media injection rates were 5.0 mL/s or greater for a 16-gauge angiocatheter, 4.0 mL/s for an 18-gauge angiocatheter, 3.0 mL/s for a 20-gauge angiocatheter, and 2.0 mL/s for a 22-gauge angiocatheter. For soft-tissue extravasation of i.v. contrast media, 95% elevate the affected extremity, 76% use ice, and 45% use heat. The results of this survey illustrate the collective opinion of a subset of SPR members relating to the use of i.v. contrast media in pediatric CT, providing guidelines for clinical histories needed before i.v. contrast media, maximum i.v. contrast injection rates for standard angiocatheters, contrast media injection rates for specific CT studies, and management of i.v. contrast media soft-tissue extravasation.

Measurement of the energy and time resolution of a undoped CsI + MPPC array for the Mu2e experiment

DOE PAGES

Atanova, O.; Cordelli, M.; Corradi, G.; ...

2017-02-13

This paper describes the measurements of energy and time response and resolution of a 3 x 3 array made of undoped CsI crystals coupled to large area Hamamatsu Multi Pixel Photon Counters. The measurements have been performed using the electron beam of the Beam Test Facility in Frascati (Rome, Italy) in the energy range 80-120 MeV. The measured energy resolution, estimated with the FWHM, at 100 MeV is 16.4%. This resolution is dominated by the energy leakage due to the small dimensions of the prototype. The time is reconstructed by fitting the leading edge of the digitized signals and applyingmore » a digital constant fraction discrimination technique. A time resolution of about 110 ps at 100 MeV is achieved.« less

Clinical and economic impact of a pharmacist-managed i.v.-to-p.o. conversion service for levofloxacin in Taiwan.

PubMed

Yen, Yu-Hsuan; Chen, Hsiang-Yin; Wuan-Jin, Leu; Lin, You-Meei; Shen, Wan C; Cheng, Kuei-Ju

2012-02-01

A pharmacist-managed antibiotic intravenous to oral (i.v.-top. o.) conversion program has been incorporated to minimize unnecessary i.v. antibiotic usage. This study evaluated the clinical and economical impacts of a pharmacist-directed i.v.-to-p.o. conversion program for levofloxacin in Taiwan. Data was retrospectively collected by chart review during the pre-intervention period (PIP). During the intervention proactive conversion period (PCP), pharmacists reviewed and intervened on all levofloxacin orders. The detailed reimbursements for medications and inpatient expenses from the Bureau of National Health Insurance (NHI), Taiwan were calculated. The clinical impacts during the PIP and PCP were compared with the duration of the i.v. levofloxacin therapy, total used i.v./p.o. ratio levofloxacin, and total length of hospital stay. The financial impact was compared with medication costs and total inpatient expenditures. The mean length of hospital stay was significantly decreased from 27.2 days to 16.1 days (p = 0.001) after the conversion program was implemented. The i.v. over p.o. ratio for DDD was 3.0 ± 0.6 vs. 2.1 ± 0.6 for PIP vs. PCP group (p = 0.032). The cost of the levofloxacin was significantly decreased ($ 568.9 ± 262.9 vs. $ 449.0 ± 266.4, PIP vs. PCP, p = 0.044). The total inpatient expenditures were also significantly reduced ($ 6,096 ± 5,164.0 vs. $ 3,649.6 ± 3, 740.4, PIP vs. PCP, p = 0.017). The pharmacist-managed i.v.-to-p.o. conversion service not only decreased the length of hospital stays, but also produced significant cost savings, both on medication costs and the total inpatient expenditures. This represents strong evidence for implementing the i.v.-to-p.o. conversion service in Taiwan.

Current-voltage characteristics of the semiconductor nanowires under the metal-semiconductor-metal structure

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wen, Jing; Zhang, Xitian; Gao, Hong; Wang, Mingjiao

2013-12-01

We present a method to calculate the I-V characteristics of semiconductor nanowires under the metal-semiconductor-metal (MSM) structure. The carrier concentration as an important parameter is introduced into the expression of the current. The subband structure of the nanowire has been considered for associating it with the position of the Fermi level and circumventing the uncertainties of the contact areas in the contacts. The tunneling and thermionic emission currents in the two Schottky barriers at the two metal-semiconductor contacts are discussed. We find that the two barriers have different influences on the I-V characteristics of the MSM structure, one of which under the forward bias plays the role of threshold voltage if its barrier height is large and the applied voltage is small, and the other under the reverse bias controls the shapes of I-V curves. Our calculations show that the shapes of the I-V curves for the MSM structure are mainly determined by the barrier heights of the contacts and the carrier concentration. The nearly identical I-V characteristics can be obtained by using different values of the barrier heights and carrier concentration, which means that the contact type conversion can be ascribed not only to the changes of the barrier heights but also that of the carrier concentration. We also discuss the mechanisms of the ohmic-Schottky conversions and clarify the ambiguity in the literature. The possibility about the variation of the carrier concentration under the applied fields has been confirmed by experimental results.

Temperature-Dependent Electrical Characteristics of Au/Si3N4/4H n-SiC MIS Diode

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yigiterol, F.; Güllü, H. H.; Bayraklı, Ö.; Yıldız, D. E.

2018-03-01

Electrical characteristics of the Au/Si3N4/4H n-SiC metal-insulator-semiconductor (MIS) diode were investigated under the temperature, T , interval of 160-400 K using current-voltage (I-V), capacitance-voltage ( C {-} V ) and conductance-voltage ( G/ω {-} V ) measurements. Firstly, the Schottky diode parameters as zero-bias barrier height ( Φ_{B0} ) and ideality factor ( n ) were calculated according to the thermionic emission (TE) from forward bias I-V analysis in the whole working T . Experimental results showed that the values of Φ_{B0} were in increasing behavior with increasing T while n values decreased with inverse proportionality in n versus Φ_{{{{B}}0}} plot. Therefore, the non-ideal I-V behavior with inhomogeneous barrier height (BH) formation has been discussed under the assumption of Gaussian distribution (GD). From the GD of BHs, the mean BH was found to be about 1.40 eV with 0.1697 standard deviation and the modified Richardson constant A^{*} of this diode was obtained as 141.65 A/cm2 K2 in good agreement with the literature (the theoretical value of A^{*} is 137.21 A/cm2 K2). The relationship between Φ_{B0} and n showed an abnormal I-V behavior depending on T , and it was modeled by TE theory with GD of BH due to the effect in inhomogeneous BH at the interface. Secondly, according to Cheung's model, series resistance, R_{{S}} values were calculated in the T range of 160-400 K and these values were found to decrease with increasing T . Finally, the density of interface states, D_{{it}} was calculated and the T dependence of energy distribution of D_{{it}} profiles determined the forward I {-} V measurements by taking into account the bias dependence of the effective BH, Φ_{{e}} and n . D_{{it}} were also calculated according to the Hill-Coleman method from C {-} V and G/ω {-} V analysis. Furthermore, the variation of D_{{it}} as a function of frequency, f and T were determined.

Electrochemical behaviour of vanadium(V)/vanadium(IV) redox couple at graphite electrodes

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhong, S.; Skyllas-Kazacos, M.

The electrochemical behaviour of the V(V)/V(IV) couple has been studied at a graphite disc electrode in sulfuric acid using both cyclic and rotating-disc voltammetry. The results from the latter technique have revealed that the cathodic and anodic characteristics of this redox couple are quite different. The diffusion coefficient for V(IV), 2.14×10-6 cm2 s-1, is independent of the vanadium concentration. For V(IV) oxidation, the electrode kinetic parameters i0 and α have values of 2.47×10-4 A cm-2 and 0.71, respectively. The exchange current density, i0, for the V(V)/V(IV) reaction has been obtained at both graphite felt and reticulated vitreous carbon electrodes.

Development of external cooling cryo-resistive cable systems. Part 2: Insulation characteristics on 66 kV rated cryo-resistive testing cable

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ishihara, Kaoru; Akita, Shige; Suzuki, Hiroshi; Ogata, Junichi; Nemoto, Minoru

1987-08-01

Cryo-resistive cable system was tested to demonstrate dielectric characteristics. Dielectric characteristics of 66kV cryo-resistive cable at the start of immersion cooling in the liquid nitrogen were 2.25 specific dielectric constant and 0.18 percent dielectric loss which was less than 0.4 percent , the aimed value. Electrostatic capacity and dielectric loss tangent of dielectric characteristics under the applied voltage did not depend on the voltage and the dielectric loss was less than 0.4 percent through the temperature range from -170 to -190C. These values fulfilled the specifications on 275kV class cryo-resistive cable design. The tested cable passed the cable test on 66kV oil-filled cable (ac 90kV, 10 min), but broken down at ac 110kV on the way to endurance testing voltage 130kV. The breakdown occurred due to the mechanical damage of cable insulator by bending and thermal contraction of the cable. It is necessary from these facts to develop flexible cable terminal and joint which can absorb the contraction to realize 275kV cryo-resistive cable. (19 figs, 7 tabs, 15 refs).

Reducing the risk of rear-end collisions with infrastructure-to-vehicle (I2V) integration of variable speed limit control and adaptive cruise control system.

PubMed

Li, Ye; Wang, Hao; Wang, Wei; Liu, Shanwen; Xiang, Yun

2016-08-17

Adaptive cruise control (ACC) has been investigated recently to explore ways to increase traffic capacity, stabilize traffic flow, and improve traffic safety. However, researchers seldom have studied the integration of ACC and roadside control methods such as the variable speed limit (VSL) to improve safety. The primary objective of this study was to develop an infrastructure-to-vehicle (I2V) integrated system that incorporated both ACC and VSL to reduce rear-end collision risks on freeways. The intelligent driver model was firstly modified to simulate ACC behavior and then the VSL strategy used in this article was introduced. Next, the I2V system was proposed to integrate the 2 advanced techniques, ACC and VSL. Four scenarios of no control, VSL only, ACC only, and the I2V system were tested in simulation experiments. Time exposed time to collision (TET) and time integrated time to collision (TIT), 2 surrogate safety measures derived from time to collision (TTC), were used to evaluate safety issues associated with rear-end collisions. The total travel times of each scenario were also compared. The simulation results indicated that both the VSL-only and ACC-only methods had a positive impact on reducing the TET and TIT values (reduced by 53.0 and 58.6% and 59.0 and 65.3%, respectively). The I2V system combined the advantages of both ACC and VSL to achieve the most safety benefits (reduced by 71.5 and 77.3%, respectively). Sensitivity analysis of the TTC threshold also showed that the I2V system obtained the largest safety benefits with all of the TTC threshold values. The impact of different market penetration rates of ACC vehicles in I2V system indicated that safety benefits increase with an increase in ACC proportions. Compared to VSL-only and ACC-only scenarios, this integrated I2V system is more effective in reducing rear-end collision risks. The findings of this study provide useful information for traffic agencies to implement novel techniques to improve

Investigating A Novel Flame Retardant Known as V6: Measurements in Baby Products, House Dust and Car Dust

PubMed Central

Fang, Mingliang; Webster, Thomas F.; Gooden, David; Cooper, Ellen M.; McClean, Michael D.; Carignan, Courtney; Makey, Colleen; Stapleton, Heather M.

2013-01-01

With the phase-out of polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) flame retardants, the use of new and alternate flame retardants has been increasing. 2,2-bis(chloromethyl)propane-1,3-diyltetrakis(2-chloroethyl) bisphosphate, known as V6, is a flame retardant applied to polyurethane foam commonly found in furniture and automobile foam. However, to the authors’ knowledge, no research has been conducted on V6 levels in the environment. The intention of this study was to measure the concentration of V6 in foam collected from baby products where it was recently detected, and measure levels in dust samples collected from homes and automobiles in the Boston, MA area. To accomplish this a pure V6 commercial standard was purchased from a Chinese manufacturer and purified (> 98%). An analytical method to measure V6 in dust samples using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS-MS) was developed. Extraction was conducted using Accelerated Solvent Extraction (ASE) and extracts were purified using an ENVI-Florisil SPE column (500 mg, 3mL). V6 was measured in foam samples collected from baby products with a concentration ranging from 24,500,000 to 59,500,000 ng/g of foam (n = 12, average ± sd: 46,500,000 ± 12,000,000 ng/g; i.e., on average, 4.6 % of the foam mass was V6). V6 was also detected in 19 of 20 car dust samples and 14 of 20 house dust samples analyzed. The concentration of V6 in the house dust ranged from < 5 ng/g to 1,110 ng/g with a median of 12.5 ng/g, and < 5 ng/g to 6,160 ng/g in the car dust with a median of 103.0 ng/g. Concentrations in car dust were significantly higher than the house dust, potentially indicating higher use of V6 in automobiles compared to products found in the home. Furthermore, tris (2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP), a known carcinogen, was found in the V6 commercial mixture (14% by weight) as an impurity and was consistently detected with V6 in the foam samples analyzed. A significant correlation was also observed between V6 and

Testing V-A in Top Decay at CDF at √s = 1.8 TeV

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kilminster, Ben

2004-02-01

The structure of the tbW vertex can be probed by measuring the polarization of the W in t → W + b → l + ν + b. The invariant mass of the the lepton and b quark measures the W decay angle which in turn allows a comparison with polarizations expected from a V-A and V+A tbW vertex. We measure the fraction by rate of Ws produced with a V+A coupling in lieu of the Standard Model V-A to be fV+A = -0.21-0.24+0.42 (stat) ± 0.21 (sys). We assign a limit of fV+A < 0.80 @ 95% CL. By combining this result with a complementary observable in the same data, we assign a limit of fV+A < 0.61 @ 95% CL. From this CDF Run I preliminary result, we find no evidence for a non-standard Model tbW vertex.

The High School Characteristics Index as an Individual and Aggregate Response Measure

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Tolsma, Robert J.; And Others

1976-01-01

The High School Characteristics Index (HSCI) is an instrument designed to measure environmental press. Measurement characteristics of the HSCI used to measure differences among the responses of individuals are contrasted with those obtained for the HSCI used to measure differences among aggregate group responses. (Author)

Certain Characteristics of iSchools Compared to Other LIS Programs

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wedgeworth, Robert

2013-01-01

This dissertation compares 17 iSchools and 36 other LIS schools that offer the ALA-accredited Master's degree program according to certain characteristics. The study compiles quantitative and qualitative data on 32 variables and sub-variables drawn from the schools' web sites, ALISE 2010 Statistical Report, and Elsevier's SCOPUS…

Resistive switching characteristic of electrolyte-oxide-semiconductor structures

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chen, Xiaoyu; Wang, Hao; Sun, Gongchen; Ma, Xiaoyu; Gao, Jianguang; Wu, Wengang

2017-08-01

The resistive switching characteristic of SiO2 thin film in electrolyte-oxide-semiconductor (EOS) structures under certain bias voltage is reported. To analyze the mechanism of the resistive switching characteristic, a batch of EOS structures were fabricated under various conditions and their electrical properties were measured with a set of three-electrode systems. A theoretical model based on the formation and rupture of conductive filaments in the oxide layer is proposed to reveal the mechanism of the resistive switching characteristic, followed by an experimental investigation of Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) and secondary ion mass spectroscopy (SIMS) to verify the proposed theoretical model. It is found that different threshold voltage, reverse leakage current and slope value features of the switching I-V characteristic can be observed in different EOS structures with different electrolyte solutions as well as different SiO2 layers made by different fabrication processes or in different thicknesses. With a simple fabrication process and significant resistive switching characteristic, the EOS structures show great potential for chemical/biochemical applications. Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 61274116) and the National Basic Research Program of China (No. 2015CB352100).

30 CFR 57.22221 - Overcast and undercast construction (I-A, II-A, III, and V-A mines).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Overcast and undercast construction (I-A, II-A, III, and V-A mines). 57.22221 Section 57.22221 Mineral Resources MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION... Overcast and undercast construction (I-A, II-A, III, and V-A mines). Overcasts and undercasts shall be— (a...

30 CFR 57.22221 - Overcast and undercast construction (I-A, II-A, III, and V-A mines).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Overcast and undercast construction (I-A, II-A, III, and V-A mines). 57.22221 Section 57.22221 Mineral Resources MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION... Overcast and undercast construction (I-A, II-A, III, and V-A mines). Overcasts and undercasts shall be— (a...

Modeling of Current-Voltage Characteristics in Large Metal-Semiconducting Carbon Nanotube Systems

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Yamada, Toshishige; Biegel, Bryon A. (Technical Monitor)

2000-01-01

A model is proposed for two observed current-voltage (I-V) patterns in recent experiment with a scanning tunneling microscope tip and a carbon nanotube [Collins et al., Science 278, 100 (1997)]. We claim that there are two contact modes for a tip (metal)-nanotube (semiconductor) junction depending whether the alignment of the metal and the semiconductor band structures is (1) variable (vacuum-gap) or (2) fixed (touching) with V. With the tip grounded, the tunneling case in (1) would produce large dI/dV with V > 0, small dI/dV with V < 0, and I = 0 near V = 0 for an either n- or p-nanotube. However, the Schottky mechanism in (2) would result in forward current with V < 0 for an n-nanotube, while with V > 0 for an p-nanotube. The two observed I-V patterns are thus entirely explained by a tip-nanotube contact of the two types, where the nanotube must be n-type. We apply this model to the source-drain I-V characteristics in a long nanotube-channel field-effect-transistor with metallic electrodes at low temperature [Zhou et al., Appl. Phys. Lett. 76, 1597 (2000)], and show that two independent metal-semiconductor junctions in series are responsible for the observed behavior.

30 CFR 57.22205 - Doors on main fans (I-A, II-A, III, and V-A mines).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Doors on main fans (I-A, II-A, III, and V-A mines). 57.22205 Section 57.22205 Mineral Resources MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF... main fans (I-A, II-A, III, and V-A mines). In mines ventilated by multiple main fans, each main fan...

30 CFR 57.22220 - Air passing unsealed areas (I-A, II-A, III, and V-A mines).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Air passing unsealed areas (I-A, II-A, III, and V-A mines). 57.22220 Section 57.22220 Mineral Resources MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION... passing unsealed areas (I-A, II-A, III, and V-A mines). Air that has passed by or through unsealed...

30 CFR 57.22220 - Air passing unsealed areas (I-A, II-A, III, and V-A mines).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Air passing unsealed areas (I-A, II-A, III, and V-A mines). 57.22220 Section 57.22220 Mineral Resources MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION... passing unsealed areas (I-A, II-A, III, and V-A mines). Air that has passed by or through unsealed...

A cluster of patients infected with I221V influenza b virus variants with reduced oseltamivir susceptibility--North Carolina and South Carolina, 2010-2011.

PubMed

Garg, Shikha; Moore, Zack; Lee, Nicole; McKenna, John; Bishop, Amber; Fleischauer, Aaron; Springs, Chasisity B; Nguyen, Ha T; Sheu, Tiffany G; Sleeman, Katrina; Finelli, Lyn; Gubareva, Larisa; Fry, Alicia M

2013-03-15

During 2010-2011, influenza B viruses with a novel neuraminidase substitution, denoted I221V (B/I221V), associated with reduced in vitro oseltamivir susceptibility were detected in North Carolina. We determined the prevalence of I221V among B viruses submitted to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention for antiviral resistance surveillance, including all B viruses submitted to North Carolina and South Carolina state laboratories, during October 2010-September 2011.We conducted chart reviews and telephone interviews to characterize North Carolina and South Carolina patients with B/I221V vs wild-type B virus infection (B/WT). We detected I221V in 45 (22%) of 209 B viruses from North Carolina and 8 (10%) of 82 B viruses from South Carolina. We detected I221V in 3 (0.3%) of 881 B viruses tested from 45 other states. B/I221V infection was not associated with differences in underlying conditions or illness severity, compared with B/WT infection. No patients with B/I221V infection received oseltamivir prior to specimen collection. Among patients who completed oseltamivir, those with B/I221V infection reported a longer duration until illness resolution (5 vs 3 days; P = .02). B/I221V cocirculated with B/WT in North Carolina and South Carolina during 2010-2011. I221V did not alter illness severity but may have reduced oseltamivir effectiveness. Thus, global surveillance for I221V is important.

Introduction to basic solar cell measurements

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Brandhorst, H. W., Jr.

1976-01-01

The basic approaches to solar cell performance and diagnostic measurements are described. The light sources, equipment for I-V curve measurement, and the test conditions and procedures for performance measurement are detailed. Solar cell diagnostic tools discussed include analysis of I-V curves, series resistance and reverse saturation current determination, spectral response/quantum yield measurement, and diffusion length/lifetime determination.

I.V. infusion of magnesium sulphate during spinal anaesthesia improves postoperative analgesia.

PubMed

Hwang, J-Y; Na, H-S; Jeon, Y-T; Ro, Y-J; Kim, C-S; Do, S-H

2010-01-01

In a randomized, double-blind, prospective study, we have evaluated the effect of i.v. infusion of magnesium sulphate during spinal anaesthesia on postoperative analgesia and postoperative analgesic requirements. Forty patients undergoing total hip replacement arthroplasty under spinal anaesthesia were included. After the induction of spinal anaesthesia, the magnesium group (Group M) received magnesium sulphate 50 mg kg(-1) for 15 min and then 15 mg kg(-1) h(-1) by continuous i.v. infusion until the end of surgery. The saline group (Group S) received the same volume of isotonic saline over the same period. After surgery, a patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) device containing morphine and ketorolac was provided for the patients. Postoperative pain scores, PCA consumption, and the incidences of shivering, postoperative nausea, and vomiting were evaluated immediately after surgery, and at 30 min, 4, 24, and 48 h after surgery. Serum magnesium concentrations were checked before the induction of anaesthesia, immediately after surgery, and at 1 and 24 h after surgery. Postoperative pain scores were significantly lower in Group M at 4, 24, and 48 h after surgery (P<0.05). Cumulative postoperative PCA consumptions were also significantly lower in Group M at 4, 24, and 48 h after surgery (P<0.05). Postoperative magnesium concentrations were higher in Group M (P<0.05 at 4, 24, and 48 h after surgery), but no side-effects associated with hypermagnesemia were observed. Haemodynamic variables and the incidences of shivering, nausea, and vomiting were similar in the two groups. I.V. magnesium sulphate administration during spinal anaesthesia improves postoperative analgesia.

New techniques in neutron data measurements above 30 MeV

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Lisowski, P.W.; Haight, R.C.

1991-01-01

Recent developments in experimental facilities have enabled new techniques for measurements of neutron interactions above 30 MeV. Foremost is the development of both monoenergetic and continuous neutron sources using accelerators in the medium energy region between 100 and 800 MeV. Measurements of the reaction products have been advanced by the continuous improvement in detector systems, electronics and computers. Corresponding developments in particle transport codes and in the theory of nuclear reactions at these energies have allowed more precise design of neutron sources, experimental shielding and detector response. As a result of these improvements, many new measurements are possible and themore » data base in this energy range is expanding quickly.« less

Powering Exploration: The Ares I Crew Launch Vehicle and Ares V Cargo Launch Vehicle

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Cook, Stephen A.

2008-01-01

The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)'s Constellation Program is depending on the Ares Projects to deliver the crew and cargo launch capabilities needed to send human explorers to the Moon and beyond. The Ares Projects continue to make progress toward design, component testing, and early flight testing of the Ares I crew launch vehicle, as well as early design work for Ares V cargo launch vehicle. Ares I and Ares V will form the core space launch capabilities the United States needs to continue its pioneering tradition as a spacefaring nation. This paper will discuss programmatic, design, fabrication, and testing progress toward building these new launch vehicles.

Historical correspondence between C. V. Theis and C. I. Lubin

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

In C. V. Theis's classic 1935 paper on “The Relation between the Lowering of the Piezometric Surface and the Rate and Duration of Discharge of a Well Using Ground Water Storage,” the following statement appears:C. I. Lubin … has with great kindness prepared for me the following derivation of the equation giving the distribution of temperatures around a sink … corresponding to the cone of depression around a well.

Investigation of the I-40 Jet-Propulsion Engine in the Cleveland Altitude Wind Tunnel. V - Operational Characteristics. 5; Operational Characteristics

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Golladay, Richard L.; Gendler, Stanley L.

1947-01-01

An investigation has been conducted in the Cleveland altitude wind tunnel to determine the operational characteristics of the I-40 jet-propulsion engine over a range of pressure altitudes from 10,000 to 50,000 feet and ram-pressure ratios from 1.00 to 1.76. Engine operational data were obtained with the engine in the standard configuration and with various modifications of the fuel system, the electrical system, and the combustion chambers. The effects of altitude and airspeed on operating speed range, starting, windmilli.ng, acceleration, speed regulation, cooling, and vibration of the standard and modified engines were determined, and damage to parts was noted. Maximum engine speed was obtainable at all altitudes and airspeeds wi th each fuel-control system investigated. The minimum idling speed was raised by increases in altitude and airspeed. The lowest minimum stable speeds were obtained with the standard configuration using 40-gallon nozzles with individual metering plugs. The engine was started normally at altitudes as high as 20,000 feet with all of the fuel systems and ignition combinations except one. Ignition at 70,000 feet was difficult and, although successful ignition occurred, acceleration was slow and usually characterized by excessive tail-pipe temperature. During windmilling investigations of the engine equipped with the standard fuel system, the engine could not be started at ram-pressure ratios of 1.1 to 1.7 at altitudes of 10,000, 20,000 and 30,000 feet. When equipped with the production barometric and Monarch 40-gallon nozzles, the engine accelerated in 12 seconds from an engine speed of 6000 rpm to 11,000 rpm at 20,000 feet and an average tail-pipe temperature of 11000 F. At the same altitude and temperature, all the engine configurations had approximately the same rate of acceleration. The Woodward governor produced the safest accelerations, inasmuch as it could be adjusted to automatically prevent acceleration blow out. The engine speed was

The cosmic ray spectrum and composition measured by KASCADE-Grande between 1016 eV and 1018 eV

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bertaina, M.; Apel, W. D.; Arteaga-Velázquez, J. C.; Bekk, K.; Blümer, J.; Bozdog, H.; Brancus, I. M.; Cantoni, E.; Chiavassa, A.; Cossavella, F.; Daumiller, K.; de Souza, V.; Di Pierro, F.; Doll, P.; Engel, R.; Engler, J.; Fuchs, B.; Fuhrmann, D.; Gherghel-Lascu, A.; Gils, H. J.; Glasstetter, R.; Grupen, C.; Haungs, A.; Heck, D.; Hörandel, J. R.; Huber, D.; Huege, T.; Kampert, K.-H.; Kang, D.; Klages, H. O.; Link, K.; Łuczak, P.; Mathes, H. J.; Mayer, H. J.; Milke, J.; Mitrica, B.; Morello, C.; Oehlschläger, J.; Ostapchenko, S.; Palmieri, N.; Petcu, M.; Pierog, T.; Rebel, H.; Roth, M.; Schieler, H.; Schoo, S.; Schröder, F. G.; Sima, O.; Toma, G.; Trinchero, G. C.; Ulrich, H.; Weindl, A.; Wochele, J.; Zabierowski, J.

2014-11-01

The shape and composition of the primary spectrum of cosmic rays are key elements to understand the origin, acceleration and propagation of the Galactic cosmic rays. Besides the well known knee and ankle features, the recent results of KASCADE-Grande indicate that the measured energy spectrum exhibits also a less pronounced but still clear deviation from a single power law between the knee and the ankle, with a spectral hardening at 2 × 1016 eV and a steepening at 1017 eV. The average mass composition gets heavier after the knee till 1017 eV where a bending of the heavy component is observed. An indication of a hardening of the light component just above 1017 eV has been measured as well. In this paper the major results obtained so far by the KASCADE-Grande experiment are reviewed.

Measurement of the tt¯ production cross section in pp¯ collisions at s=1.96TeV using kinematic characteristics of lepton+jets events

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Abazov, V. M.; Abbott, B.; Abolins, M.; Acharya, B. S.; Adams, M.; Adams, T.; Aguilo, E.; Ahn, S. H.; Ahsan, M.; Alexeev, G. D.; Alkhazov, G.; Alton, A.; Alverson, G.; Alves, G. A.; Anastasoaie, M.; Ancu, L. S.; Andeen, T.; Anderson, S.; Andrieu, B.; Anzelc, M. S.; Arnoud, Y.; Arov, M.; Arthaud, M.; Askew, A.; Åsman, B.; Assis Jesus, A. C. S.; Atramentov, O.; Autermann, C.; Avila, C.; Ay, C.; Badaud, F.; Baden, A.; Bagby, L.; Baldin, B.; Bandurin, D. V.; Banerjee, S.; Banerjee, P.; Barberis, E.; Barfuss, A.-F.; Bargassa, P.; Baringer, P.; Barreto, J.; Bartlett, J. F.; Bassler, U.; Bauer, D.; Beale, S.; Bean, A.; Begalli, M.; Begel, M.; Belanger-Champagne, C.; Bellantoni, L.; Bellavance, A.; Benitez, J. A.; Beri, S. B.; Bernardi, G.; Bernhard, R.; Berntzon, L.; Bertram, I.; Besançon, M.; Beuselinck, R.; Bezzubov, V. A.; Bhat, P. C.; Bhatnagar, V.; Biscarat, C.; Blazey, G.; Blekman, F.; Blessing, S.; Bloch, D.; Bloom, K.; Boehnlein, A.; Boline, D.; Bolton, T. A.; Borissov, G.; Bos, K.; Bose, T.; Brandt, A.; Brock, R.; Brooijmans, G.; Bross, A.; Brown, D.; Buchanan, N. J.; Buchholz, D.; Buehler, M.; Buescher, V.; Burdin, S.; Burke, S.; Burnett, T. H.; Buszello, C. P.; Butler, J. M.; Calfayan, P.; Calvet, S.; Cammin, J.; Caron, S.; Carvalho, W.; Casey, B. C. K.; Cason, N. M.; Castilla-Valdez, H.; Chakrabarti, S.; Chakraborty, D.; Chan, K. M.; Chan, K.; Chandra, A.; Charles, F.; Cheu, E.; Chevallier, F.; Cho, D. K.; Choi, S.; Choudhary, B.; Christofek, L.; Christoudias, T.; Cihangir, S.; Claes, D.; Clément, C.; Clément, B.; Coadou, Y.; Cooke, M.; Cooper, W. E.; Corcoran, M.; Couderc, F.; Cousinou, M.-C.; Crépé-Renaudin, S.; Cutts, D.; Ćwiok, M.; da Motta, H.; Das, A.; Davies, G.; de, K.; de Jong, S. J.; de Jong, P.; de La Cruz-Burelo, E.; de Oliveira Martins, C.; Degenhardt, J. D.; Déliot, F.; Demarteau, M.; Demina, R.; Denisov, D.; Denisov, S. P.; Desai, S.; Diehl, H. T.; Diesburg, M.; Dominguez, A.; Dong, H.; Dudko, L. V.; Duflot, L.; Dugad, S. R.; Duggan, D.; Duperrin, A.; Dyer, J.; Dyshkant, A.; Eads, M.; Edmunds, D.; Ellison, J.; Elvira, V. D.; Enari, Y.; Eno, S.; Ermolov, P.; Evans, H.; Evdokimov, A.; Evdokimov, V. N.; Ferapontov, A. V.; Ferbel, T.; Fiedler, F.; Filthaut, F.; Fisher, W.; Fisk, H. E.; Ford, M.; Fortner, M.; Fox, H.; Fu, S.; Fuess, S.; Gadfort, T.; Galea, C. F.; Gallas, E.; Galyaev, E.; Garcia, C.; Garcia-Bellido, A.; Gavrilov, V.; Gay, P.; Geist, W.; Gelé, D.; Gerber, C. E.; Gershtein, Y.; Gillberg, D.; Ginther, G.; Gollub, N.; Gómez, B.; Goussiou, A.; Grannis, P. D.; Greenlee, H.; Greenwood, Z. D.; Gregores, E. M.; Grenier, G.; Gris, Ph.; Grivaz, J.-F.; Grohsjean, A.; Grünendahl, S.; Grünewald, M. W.; Guo, J.; Guo, F.; Gutierrez, P.; Gutierrez, G.; Haas, A.; Hadley, N. J.; Haefner, P.; Hagopian, S.; Haley, J.; Hall, I.; Hall, R. E.; Han, L.; Hanagaki, K.; Hansson, P.; Harder, K.; Harel, A.; Harrington, R.; Hauptman, J. M.; Hauser, R.; Hays, J.; Hebbeker, T.; Hedin, D.; Hegeman, J. G.; Heinmiller, J. M.; Heinson, A. P.; Heintz, U.; Hensel, C.; Herner, K.; Hesketh, G.; Hildreth, M. D.; Hirosky, R.; Hobbs, J. D.; Hoeneisen, B.; Hoeth, H.; Hohlfeld, M.; Hong, S. J.; Hooper, R.; Hossain, S.; Houben, P.; Hu, Y.; Hubacek, Z.; Hynek, V.; Iashvili, I.; Illingworth, R.; Ito, A. S.; Jabeen, S.; Jaffré, M.; Jain, S.; Jakobs, K.; Jarvis, C.; Jesik, R.; Johns, K.; Johnson, C.; Johnson, M.; Jonckheere, A.; Jonsson, P.; Juste, A.; Käfer, D.; Kahn, S.; Kajfasz, E.; Kalinin, A. M.; Kalk, J. R.; Kalk, J. M.; Kappler, S.; Karmanov, D.; Kasper, J.; Kasper, P.; Katsanos, I.; Kau, D.; Kaur, R.; Kaushik, V.; Kehoe, R.; Kermiche, S.; Khalatyan, N.; Khanov, A.; Kharchilava, A.; Kharzheev, Y. M.; Khatidze, D.; Kim, H.; Kim, T. J.; Kirby, M. H.; Kirsch, M.; Klima, B.; Kohli, J. M.; Konrath, J.-P.; Kopal, M.; Korablev, V. M.; Kothari, B.; Kozelov, A. V.; Krop, D.; Kryemadhi, A.; Kuhl, T.; Kumar, A.; Kunori, S.; Kupco, A.; Kurča, T.; Kvita, J.; Lacroix, F.; Lam, D.; Lammers, S.; Landsberg, G.; Lazoflores, J.; Lebrun, P.; Lee, W. M.; Leflat, A.; Lehner, F.; Lellouch, J.; Lesne, V.; Leveque, J.; Lewis, P.; Li, J.; Li, Q. Z.; Li, L.; Lietti, S. M.; Lima, J. G. R.; Lincoln, D.; Linnemann, J.; Lipaev, V. V.; Lipton, R.; Liu, Y.; Liu, Z.; Lobo, L.; Lobodenko, A.; Lokajicek, M.; Lounis, A.; Love, P.; Lubatti, H. J.; Lyon, A. L.; Maciel, A. K. A.; Mackin, D.; Madaras, R. J.; Mättig, P.; Magass, C.; Magerkurth, A.; Makovec, N.; Mal, P. K.; Malbouisson, H. B.; Malik, S.; Malyshev, V. L.; Mao, H. S.; Maravin, Y.; Martin, B.; McCarthy, R.; Melnitchouk, A.; Mendes, A.; Mendoza, L.; Mercadante, P. G.; Merkin, M.; Merritt, K. W.; Meyer, J.; Meyer, A.; Michaut, M.; Millet, T.; Mitrevski, J.; Molina, J.; Mommsen, R. K.; Mondal, N. K.; Moore, R. W.; Moulik, T.; Muanza, G. S.; Mulders, M.; Mulhearn, M.; Mundal, O.; Mundim, L.; Nagy, E.; Naimuddin, M.; Narain, M.; Naumann, N. A.; Neal, H. A.; Negret, J. P.; Neustroev, P.; Nilsen, H.; Nomerotski, A.; Novaes, S. F.; Nunnemann, T.; O'Dell, V.; O'Neil, D. C.; Obrant, G.; Ochando, C.; Onoprienko, D.; Oshima, N.; Osta, J.; Otec, R.; Otero Y Garzón, G. J.; Owen, M.; Padley, P.; Pangilinan, M.; Parashar, N.; Park, S.-J.; Park, S. K.; Parsons, J.; Partridge, R.; Parua, N.; Patwa, A.; Pawloski, G.; Penning, B.; Perea, P. M.; Peters, K.; Peters, Y.; Pétroff, P.; Petteni, M.; Piegaia, R.; Piper, J.; Pleier, M.-A.; Podesta-Lerma, P. L. M.; Podstavkov, V. M.; Pogorelov, Y.; Pol, M.-E.; Polozov, P.; Pompo, A.; Pope, B. G.; Popov, A. V.; Potter, C.; Prado da Silva, W. L.; Prosper, H. B.; Protopopescu, S.; Qian, J.; Quadt, A.; Quinn, B.; Rakitine, A.; Rangel, M. S.; Rani, K. J.; Ranjan, K.; Ratoff, P. N.; Renkel, P.; Reucroft, S.; Rich, P.; Rijssenbeek, M.; Ripp-Baudot, I.; Rizatdinova, F.; Robinson, S.; Rodrigues, R. F.; Royon, C.; Rubinov, P.; Ruchti, R.; Safronov, G.; Sajot, G.; Sánchez-Hernández, A.; Sanders, M. P.; Santoro, A.; Savage, G.; Sawyer, L.; Scanlon, T.; Schaile, D.; Schamberger, R. D.; Scheglov, Y.; Schellman, H.; Schieferdecker, P.; Schliephake, T.; Schmitt, C.; Schwanenberger, C.; Schwartzman, A.; Schwienhorst, R.; Sekaric, J.; Sengupta, S.; Severini, H.; Shabalina, E.; Shamim, M.; Shary, V.; Shchukin, A. A.; Shivpuri, R. K.; Shpakov, D.; Siccardi, V.; Simak, V.; Sirotenko, V.; Skubic, P.; Slattery, P.; Smirnov, D.; Smith, R. P.; Snow, J.; Snow, G. R.; Snyder, S.; Söldner-Rembold, S.; Sonnenschein, L.; Sopczak, A.; Sosebee, M.; Soustruznik, K.; Souza, M.; Spurlock, B.; Stark, J.; Steele, J.; Stolin, V.; Stone, A.; Stoyanova, D. A.; Strandberg, J.; Strandberg, S.; Strang, M. A.; Strauss, M.; Strauss, E.; Ströhmer, R.; Strom, D.; Strovink, M.; Stutte, L.; Sumowidagdo, S.; Svoisky, P.; Sznajder, A.; Talby, M.; Tamburello, P.; Tanasijczuk, A.; Taylor, W.; Telford, P.; Temple, J.; Tiller, B.; Tissandier, F.; Titov, M.; Tokmenin, V. V.; Tomoto, M.; Toole, T.; Torchiani, I.; Trefzger, T.; Tsybychev, D.; Tuchming, B.; Tully, C.; Tuts, P. M.; Unalan, R.; Uvarov, S.; Uvarov, L.; Uzunyan, S.; Vachon, B.; van den Berg, P. J.; van Eijk, B.; van Kooten, R.; van Leeuwen, W. M.; Varelas, N.; Varnes, E. W.; Vartapetian, A.; Vasilyev, I. A.; Vaupel, M.; Verdier, P.; Vertogradov, L. S.; Verzocchi, M.; Villeneuve-Seguier, F.; Vint, P.; Vlimant, J.-R.; Vokac, P.; von Toerne, E.; Voutilainen, M.; Vreeswijk, M.; Wagner, R.; Wahl, H. D.; Wang, L.; Wang, M. H. L. S.; Warchol, J.; Watts, G.; Wayne, M.; Weber, M.; Weber, G.; Weerts, H.; Wenger, A.; Wermes, N.; Wetstein, M.; White, A.; Wicke, D.; Wilson, G. W.; Wimpenny, S. J.; Wobisch, M.; Wood, D. R.; Wyatt, T. R.; Xie, Y.; Yacoob, S.; Yamada, R.; Yan, M.; Yasuda, T.; Yatsunenko, Y. A.; Yip, K.; Yoo, H. D.; Youn, S. W.; Yu, J.; Yu, C.; Yurkewicz, A.; Zatserklyaniy, A.; Zeitnitz, C.; Zhang, D.; Zhao, T.; Zhou, B.; Zhu, J.; Zielinski, M.; Zieminska, D.; Zieminski, A.; Zivkovic, L.; Zutshi, V.; Zverev, E. G.

2007-11-01

We present a measurement of the top quark pair production cross section in pp¯ collisions at s=1.96TeV utilizing 425pb-1 of data collected with the D0 detector at the Fermilab Tevatron Collider. We consider the final state of the top quark pair containing one high-pT electron or muon and at least four jets. We exploit specific kinematic features of tt¯ events to extract the cross section. For a top quark mass of 175 GeV, we measure σtt¯=6.4-1.2+1.3(stat)±0.7(syst)±0.4(lum)pb, in good agreement with the standard model prediction.

Contingent negative variation in patients with deficit schizophrenia or bipolar I disorder with psychotic features: measurement and correlation with clinical characteristics.

PubMed

Li, Zhe; Deng, Wei; Liu, Xiang; Zheng, Zhong; Li, Mingli; Li, Yinfei; Han, Yuanyuan; Ma, Xiaohong; Wang, Qiang; Liu, Xiehe; Li, Tao

2015-04-01

Schizophrenia is a highly heterogeneous disease. Event-related potentials have been regarded to establish intermediate phenotypes of schizophrenia. Our previous study found that patients with deficit schizophrenia (DS) are relatively homogeneous and show a significantly longer onset latency of contingent negative variation (CNV) expectancy wave. To further examine CNV in patients with first-episode and drug-naïve DS or bipolar I disorder (BP I) with psychotic features, and also investigate correlations between CNV and clinical characteristics in DS and BP I. We elicited a CNV using an alarm (S1)-imperative (S2) paradigm in 30 DS patients or 33 BP I with psychotic features as well as 40 healthy controls. CNV amplitude was significantly smaller and reaction time significantly longer in the DS and BP I groups than in healthy controls. Post-imperative negative variation (PINV) interval was significantly shorter in the DS group than in healthy controls. The onset latency of CNV expectancy wave was significantly longer and PINV area significantly smaller in the DS group than in the other groups. In the DS group, CNV amplitude and PINV interval correlated negatively with the subscale of negative symptoms on the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS); CNV amplitude also correlated negatively with disease duration. In the BP I group, CNV amplitude and reaction time showed no correlation with clinical features. CNV amplitude is a common trait marker for psychosis. The onset latency of CNV expectancy wave appears to be a specific trait marker and may be used to identify candidate genes for DS.

Levels of heroin and its metabolites in blood and brain extracellular fluid after i.v. heroin administration to freely moving rats

PubMed Central

Gottås, A; Øiestad, E L; Boix, F; Vindenes, V; Ripel, Å; Thaulow, C H; Mørland, J

2013-01-01

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Heroin, with low affinity for μ-opioid receptors, has been considered to act as a prodrug. In order to study the pharmacokinetics of heroin and its active metabolites after i.v. administration, we gave a bolus injection of heroin to rats and measured the concentration of heroin and its metabolites in blood and brain extracellular fluid (ECF). EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH After an i.v. bolus injection of heroin to freely moving Sprague–Dawley rats, the concentrations of heroin and metabolites in blood samples from the vena jugularis and in microdialysis samples from striatal brain ECF were measured by ultraperformance LC-MS/MS. KEY RESULTS Heroin levels decreased very fast, both in blood and brain ECF, and could not be detected after 18 and 10 min respectively. 6-Monoacetylmorphine (6-MAM) increased very rapidly, reaching its maximal concentrations after 2.0 and 4.3 min, respectively, and falling thereafter. Morphine increased very slowly, reaching its maximal levels, which were six times lower than the highest 6-MAM concentrations, after 12.6 and 21.3 min, with a very slow decline during the rest of the experiment and only surpassing 6-MAM levels at least 30 min after injection. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS After an i.v. heroin injection, 6-MAM was the predominant opioid present shortly after injection and during the first 30 min, not only in the blood but also in rat brain ECF. 6-MAM might therefore mediate most of the effects observed shortly after heroin intake, and this finding questions the general assumption that morphine is the main and most important metabolite of heroin. PMID:23865556

30 CFR 57.22205 - Doors on main fans (I-A, II-A, III, and V-A mines).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Doors on main fans (I-A, II-A, III, and V-A... main fans (I-A, II-A, III, and V-A mines). In mines ventilated by multiple main fans, each main fan... reversal through the fan. The doors shall be located so that they are not in direct line with explosive...

Langmuir probe measurements in the intense RF field of a helicon discharge

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chen, Francis F.

2012-10-01

Helicon discharges have extensively been studied for over 25 years both because of their intriguing physics and because of their utility in producing high plasma densities for industrial applications. Almost all measurements so far have been made away from the antenna region in the plasma ejected into a chamber where there may be a strong magnetic field (B-field) but where the radiofrequency (RF) field is much weaker than under the antenna. Inside the source region, the RF field distorts the current-voltage (I-V) characteristic of the probe unless it is specially designed with strong RF compensation. For this purpose, a thin probe was designed and used to show the effect of inadequate compensation on electron temperature (Te) measurements. The subtraction of ion current from the I-V curve is essential; and, surprisingly, Langmuir's orbital motion limited theory for ion current can be used well beyond its intended regime.

Evaluation of the quality of semi-insulating CdTe for radiation detectors by measurement of lux-ampere characteristics

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Franc, J.; Kubát, J.; Grill, R.; Dědič, V.; Hlídek, P.; Moravec, P.; Belas, E.

2011-05-01

Accumulation of space charge on deep levels represents one of the major problems in fabrication of semi-insulating CdTe and CdZnTe X-ray and gamma-ray detectors, because it influences the applied electric field and can even result in a complete breakdown of the field in part of the sample (polarization and dead layer formation). The goal of the study was to evaluate possibilities of localization of areas of potential space charge accumulation in as grown crystals by steady state measurement of lux-ampere characteristics. All measurements were done at room temperature using He-Ne laser. Voltage was applied parallel to the direction of light propagation in the range 10-100 V. It was observed that all lux-ampere characteristics are sub-linear. Screening effects caused by space charge accumulated on deep levels explain these results. Crystals prepared by Vertical gradient freeze method in our laboratory are compared to a commercially available detector-grade sample prepared by Travelling heater method. Comparison of crystals grown from precursors of different starting purity shows an increase of the slope of lux-ampere characteristics with a decrease of impurity content. A correlation between the slope of lux-ampere characteristics and the mobility-lifetime product of electrons was observed, too.

Marine stratocumulus cloud characteristics from multichannel satellite measurements

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Durkee, Philip A.; Mineart, Gary M.

1990-01-01

Understanding the effects of aerosols on the microphysical characteristics of marine stratocumulus clouds, and the resulting influence on cloud radiative properties, is a primary goal of FIRE. The potential for observing variations of cloud characteristics that might be related to variations of available aerosols is studied. Some results from theoretical estimates of cloud reflectance are presented. Also presented are the results of comparisons between aircraft measured microphysical characteristics and satellite detected radiative properties of marine stratocumulus clouds. These results are extracted from Mineart where the analysis procedures and a full discussion of the observations are presented. Only a brief description of the procedures and the composite results are presented.

Measurement of TeV electrons on ISS/JEM

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Torii, S.; Tateyama, N.; Tamura, T.

1999-01-22

By using the JEM (Japanese Experiment Module) facility on ISS, we are planning to carry out a precise measurement of the flux and energy spectrum of cosmic-ray electrons of 10 GeV to several TeV. Since the electrons over several 100 GeV could be contributed only from the nearby sources within a distance less than 1 kpc, it is expected in the high energy region that the energy spectrum has a structural component and the distribution of the arrival directions presents anisotropy. By helping to localize and identify the nearest cosmic ray sources, these data should help to resolve the long-termmore » puzzle. The instrument used for the observation is a kind of scintilating-fiber/lead imaging calorimeter that has been used for the balloon observations. We are developing an improved detector having a geometrical factor of 0.5 m{sup 2}sr and a higher rejection power against the background protons ({>=}10{sup 4}). It is expected to observe nearly 500 electrons over 1 TeV during the one-year observation.« less

Serum zinc concentration in cystic fibrosis patients with CFTR I1234V mutation associated with pancreatic sufficiency.

PubMed

AbdulWahab, Atqah; Abushahin, Ahmed; Allangawi, Mona; Chandra, Prem; Abdel Rahman, Mohamed Osman; Soliman, Ashraf

2017-05-01

To determine serum zinc (Zn) level among cystic fibrosis (CF) patients with homozygous CFTR I1234V mutation associated with pancreatic sufficiency (PS). A cross-sectional study was conducted including both pediatric and adult CF patients. Data on age, weight, height, body mass index (BMI), BMI Z-score, FEV1, and chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection were collected. Serum Zn, albumin, and total proteins were measured and analyzed. Forty-five CF patients with homozygous CFTR I1234V mutation belonging to a large Arab kindred tribe and eight CF patients with other mutations associated with pancreatic insufficiency (PI). Patient's age ranged from 2 to 49 years with a mean age of 15.1 ± 9.1 years and mean plasma Zn of 0.78 ± 0.15 mcg/mL. Seven (13.2%) patients with CFTR I1234V and PS had low Zn levels (<0.6 mcg/mL). Mean age among Zn deficient group was significantly older. The mean FEV1 in the deficient group was found to be insignificant low. Persistent P. aeruginosa colonization was more prevalent in Zn deficient group. BMI Z-scosre of CF patients were positively correlated with Zn levels. Forty-five healthy subjects belonging to the same Arab tribe were selected in order to assess their Zn levels and their mean plasma Zn of 0.84 ± 0.11 mcg/mL (range 0.65-1.1 mcg/mL) with mean age 20.4 ± 10.1 years (range 6-40 years). These findings suggest that Zn deficiency can occur in CF patients with PS. The association of Zn levels and the frequency of P. aeruginosa isolated in CF patients need further investigation. © 2015 The Authors. The Clinical Respiratory Journal Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Implementation of an i.v.-compounding robot in a hospital-based cancer center pharmacy.

PubMed

Yaniv, Angela W; Knoer, Scott J

2013-11-15

The implementation of a robotic device for compounding patient-specific chemotherapy doses is described, including a review of data on the robot's performance over a 13-month period. The automated system prepares individualized i.v. chemotherapy doses in a variety of infusion bags and syringes; more than 50 drugs are validated for use in the machine. The robot is programmed to recognize the physical parameters of syringes and vials and uses photographic identification, barcode identification, and gravimetric measurements to ensure that the correct ingredients are compounded and the final dose is accurate. The implementation timeline, including site preparation, logistics planning, installation, calibration, staff training, development of a pharmacy information system (PIS) interface, and validation by the state board of pharmacy, was about 10 months. In its first 13 months of operation, the robot was used to prepare 7384 medication doses; 85 doses (1.2%) found to be outside the desired accuracy range (±4%) were manually modified by pharmacy staff. Ongoing system monitoring has identified mechanical and materials-related problems including vial-recognition failures (in many instances, these issues were resolved by the system operator and robotic compounding proceeded successfully), interface issues affecting robot-PIS communication, and human errors such as the loading of an incorrect vial or bag into the machine. Through staff training, information technology improvements, and workflow adjustments, the robot's throughput has been steadily improved. An i.v.-compounding robot was successfully implemented in a cancer center pharmacy. The robot performs compounding tasks safely and accurately and has been integrated into the pharmacy's workflow.

Changes in biooxidation mechanism and transient biofilm characteristics by As(V) during arsenopyrite colonization with Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans.

PubMed

Ramírez-Aldaba, Hugo; Vázquez-Arenas, Jorge; Sosa-Rodríguez, Fabiola S; Valdez-Pérez, Donato; Ruiz-Baca, Estela; Trejo-Córdoba, Gabriel; Escobedo-Bretado, Miguel A; Lartundo-Rojas, Luis; Ponce-Peña, Patricia; Lara, René H

2018-06-01

Chemical and surface analyses are carried out using Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM-EDS), atomic force microscopy (AFM), confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), glow discharge spectroscopy (GDS) and extracellular surface protein quantification to thoroughly investigate the effect of supplementary As(V) during biooxidation of arsenopyrite by Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans. It is revealed that arsenic can enhance bacterial reactions during bioleaching, which can strongly influence its mobility. Biofilms occur as compact-flattened microcolonies, being progressively covered by a significant amount of secondary compounds (S n 2- , S 0 , pyrite-like). Biooxidation mechanism is modified in the presence of supplementary As(V), as indicated by spectroscopic and microscopic studies. GDS confirms significant variations between abiotic control and biooxidized arsenopyrite in terms of surface reactivity and amount of secondary compounds with and without As(V) (i.e. 6 μm depth). CLSM and protein analyses indicate a rapid modification in biofilm from hydrophilic to hydrophobic character (i.e. 1-12 h), in spite of the decrease in extracellular surface proteins in the presence of supplementary As(V) (i.e. stressed biofilms).

Measurement of the higher-order anisotropic flow coefficients for identified hadrons in Au + Au collisions at √{sN N}=200 GeV

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Adare, A.; Afanasiev, S.; Aidala, C.; Ajitanand, N. N.; Akiba, Y.; Al-Bataineh, H.; Alexander, J.; Aoki, K.; Aramaki, Y.; Atomssa, E. T.; Averbeck, R.; Awes, T. C.; Azmoun, B.; Babintsev, V.; Bai, M.; Baksay, G.; Baksay, L.; Barish, K. N.; Bassalleck, B.; Basye, A. T.; Bathe, S.; Baublis, V.; Baumann, C.; Bazilevsky, A.; Belikov, S.; Belmont, R.; Bennett, R.; Berdnikov, A.; Berdnikov, Y.; Bickley, A. A.; Bok, J. S.; Boyle, K.; Brooks, M. L.; Buesching, H.; Bumazhnov, V.; Bunce, G.; Butsyk, S.; Camacho, C. M.; Campbell, S.; Chen, C.-H.; Chi, C. Y.; Chiu, M.; Choi, I. J.; Choudhury, R. K.; Christiansen, P.; Chujo, T.; Chung, P.; Chvala, O.; Cianciolo, V.; Citron, Z.; Cole, B. A.; Connors, M.; Constantin, P.; Csanád, M.; Csörgő, T.; Dahms, T.; Dairaku, S.; Danchev, I.; Das, K.; Datta, A.; David, G.; Denisov, A.; Deshpande, A.; Desmond, E. J.; Dietzsch, O.; Dion, A.; Donadelli, M.; Drapier, O.; Drees, A.; Drees, K. A.; Durham, J. M.; Durum, A.; Dutta, D.; Edwards, S.; Efremenko, Y. V.; Ellinghaus, F.; Engelmore, T.; Enokizono, A.; En'yo, H.; Esumi, S.; Fadem, B.; Fields, D. E.; Finger, M.; Finger, M.; Fleuret, F.; Fokin, S. L.; Fraenkel, Z.; Frantz, J. E.; Franz, A.; Frawley, A. D.; Fujiwara, K.; Fukao, Y.; Fusayasu, T.; Garishvili, I.; Glenn, A.; Gong, H.; Gonin, M.; Goto, Y.; Granier de Cassagnac, R.; Grau, N.; Greene, S. V.; Grosse Perdekamp, M.; Gu, Y.; Gunji, T.; Gustafsson, H.-Å.; Haggerty, J. S.; Hahn, K. I.; Hamagaki, H.; Hamblen, J.; Han, R.; Hanks, J.; Hartouni, E. P.; Haslum, E.; Hayano, R.; He, X.; Heffner, M.; Hemmick, T. K.; Hester, T.; Hill, J. C.; Hohlmann, M.; Holzmann, W.; Homma, K.; Hong, B.; Horaguchi, T.; Hornback, D.; Huang, S.; Ichihara, T.; Ichimiya, R.; Ide, J.; Ikeda, Y.; Imai, K.; Inaba, M.; Isenhower, D.; Ishihara, M.; Isobe, T.; Issah, M.; Isupov, A.; Ivanischev, D.; Jacak, B. V.; Jia, J.; Jin, J.; Johnson, B. M.; Joo, K. S.; Jouan, D.; Jumper, D. S.; Kajihara, F.; Kametani, S.; Kamihara, N.; Kamin, J.; Kang, J. H.; Kapustinsky, J.; Karatsu, K.; Kawall, D.; Kawashima, M.; Kazantsev, A. V.; Kempel, T.; Khanzadeev, A.; Kijima, K. M.; Kim, B. I.; Kim, D. H.; Kim, D. J.; Kim, E.; Kim, E.-J.; Kim, S. H.; Kim, Y.-J.; Kinney, E.; Kiriluk, K.; Kiss, Á.; Kistenev, E.; Kochenda, L.; Komkov, B.; Konno, M.; Koster, J.; Kotchetkov, D.; Kozlov, A.; Král, A.; Kravitz, A.; Kunde, G. J.; Kurita, K.; Kurosawa, M.; Kwon, Y.; Kyle, G. S.; Lacey, R.; Lai, Y. S.; Lajoie, J. G.; Lebedev, A.; Lee, D. M.; Lee, J.; Lee, K.; Lee, K. B.; Lee, K. S.; Leitch, M. J.; Leite, M. A. L.; Leitner, E.; Lenzi, B.; Li, X.; Liebing, P.; Linden Levy, L. A.; Liška, T.; Litvinenko, A.; Liu, H.; Liu, M. X.; Love, B.; Luechtenborg, R.; Lynch, D.; Maguire, C. F.; Makdisi, Y. I.; Malakhov, A.; Malik, M. D.; Manko, V. I.; Mannel, E.; Mao, Y.; Masui, H.; Matathias, F.; McCumber, M.; McGaughey, P. L.; Means, N.; Meredith, B.; Miake, Y.; Mignerey, A. C.; Mikeš, P.; Miki, K.; Milov, A.; Mishra, M.; Mitchell, J. T.; Mizuno, S.; Mohanty, A. K.; Morino, Y.; Morreale, A.; Morrison, D. P.; Moukhanova, T. V.; Murata, J.; Nagamiya, S.; Nagle, J. L.; Naglis, M.; Nagy, M. I.; Nakagawa, I.; Nakamiya, Y.; Nakamura, T.; Nakano, K.; Newby, J.; Nguyen, M.; Niida, T.; Nouicer, R.; Nyanin, A. S.; O'Brien, E.; Oda, S. X.; Ogilvie, C. A.; Oka, M.; Okada, K.; Onuki, Y.; Oskarsson, A.; Ouchida, M.; Ozawa, K.; Pak, R.; Pantuev, V.; Papavassiliou, V.; Park, I. H.; Park, J.; Park, S. K.; Park, W. J.; Pate, S. F.; Pei, H.; Peng, J.-C.; Pereira, H.; Peresedov, V.; Peressounko, D. Yu.; Pinkenburg, C.; Pisani, R. P.; Proissl, M.; Purschke, M. L.; Purwar, A. K.; Qu, H.; Rak, J.; Rakotozafindrabe, A.; Ravinovich, I.; Read, K. F.; Reygers, K.; Reynolds, D.; Riabov, V.; Riabov, Y.; Richardson, E.; Roach, D.; Roche, G.; Rolnick, S. D.; Rosati, M.; Rosen, C. A.; Rosendahl, S. S. E.; Rosnet, P.; Rukoyatkin, P.; Ružička, P.; Sahlmueller, B.; Saito, N.; Sakaguchi, T.; Sakashita, K.; Samsonov, V.; Sano, S.; Sato, T.; Sawada, S.; Sedgwick, K.; Seele, J.; Seidl, R.; Semenov, A. Yu.; Seto, R.; Sharma, D.; Shein, I.; Shibata, T.-A.; Shigaki, K.; Shimomura, M.; Shoji, K.; Shukla, P.; Sickles, A.; Silva, C. L.; Silvermyr, D.; Silvestre, C.; Sim, K. S.; Singh, B. K.; Singh, C. P.; Singh, V.; Slunečka, M.; Soltz, R. A.; Sondheim, W. E.; Sorensen, S. P.; Sourikova, I. V.; Sparks, N. A.; Stankus, P. W.; Stenlund, E.; Stoll, S. P.; Sugitate, T.; Sukhanov, A.; Sziklai, J.; Takagui, E. M.; Taketani, A.; Tanabe, R.; Tanaka, Y.; Tanida, K.; Tannenbaum, M. J.; Tarafdar, S.; Taranenko, A.; Tarján, P.; Themann, H.; Thomas, T. L.; Todoroki, T.; Togawa, M.; Toia, A.; Tomášek, L.; Torii, H.; Towell, R. S.; Tserruya, I.; Tsuchimoto, Y.; Vale, C.; Valle, H.; van Hecke, H. W.; Vazquez-Zambrano, E.; Veicht, A.; Velkovska, J.; Vértesi, R.; Vinogradov, A. A.; Virius, M.; Vrba, V.; Vznuzdaev, E.; Wang, X. R.; Watanabe, D.; Watanabe, K.; Watanabe, Y.; Wei, F.; Wei, R.; Wessels, J.; White, S. N.; Winter, D.; Wood, J. P.; Woody, C. L.; Wright, R. M.; Wysocki, M.; Xie, W.; Yamaguchi, Y. L.; Yamaura, K.; Yang, R.; Yanovich, A.; Ying, J.; Yokkaichi, S.; You, Z.; Young, G. R.; Younus, I.; Yushmanov, I. E.; Zajc, W. A.; Zhang, C.; Zhou, S.; Zolin, L.; Phenix Collaboration

2016-05-01

Measurements of the anisotropic flow coefficients v2{Ψ2} ,v3{Ψ3} ,v4{Ψ4} , and v4{Ψ2} for identified particles (π±,K± , and p +p ¯ ) at midrapidity, obtained relative to the event planes Ψm at forward rapidities in Au + Au collisions at √{sNN}=200 GeV , are presented as a function of collision centrality and particle transverse momenta pT. The vn coefficients show characteristic patterns consistent with hydrodynamical expansion of the matter produced in the collisions. For each harmonic n , a modified valence quark-number Nq scaling [plotting vn{Ψm} /(Nq) n /2 versus transverse kinetic energies (KET) /Nq] is observed to yield a single curve for all the measured particle species for a broad range of KET. A simultaneous blast-wave model fit to the observed vn{Ψm} (pT) coefficients and published particle spectra identifies radial flow anisotropies ρn{Ψm} and spatial eccentricities sn{Ψm} at freeze-out. These are generally smaller than the initial-state participant-plane geometric eccentricities ɛn{ΨmPP} as also observed in the final eccentricity from quantum interferometry measurements with respect to the event plane.

Photometric and Spectroscopic Analysis of Classical Novae: An Examination of Their Observational Characteristics and Greater Astronomical Impact

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Helton, Lorren Andrew

2010-12-01

Classical novae (CNe) are violent thermonuclear explosions arising on the surface of white dwarfs in binary systems and are contributors to the chemical evolution of the interstellar medium through the production and ejection of copious amounts of metal-rich material. Observations and modeling of CNe eruptions illuminate numerous fundamental processes of astrophysical interest, including non-equilibrium thermonuclear runaway, radiative processes in dynamic nebular environments, binary star interaction, as well as dust condensation and grain growth. Here I summarize key findings from selected Galactic CNe observed as part of a 5 year, panchromatic optical/infrared observing campaign using Spitzer, Gemini, and other ground based optical facilities. In particular, I present detailed analysis of nova V1065 Centauri, including photoionization analysis of the emission lines, which enabled the derivation of abundances in the ejecta, and radiative transport modeling of the dust emission features, which allowed determination of the composition and characteristics of the dust in this system. I present analysis of three novae, V1974 Cygni, V382 Velorum, and V1494 Aquilae, observed from 4.4--15.5 years after outburst, discuss the characteristics of the nebulae at these late times, and estimate the abundances in their ejecta. In the case of V1494 Aql, I also report the first detection of neon. Finally, I present observations of three novae, DZ Crucis, V2361 Cygni, and V2362 Cygni, that exhibited unidentified infrared (UIR) features in their mid-infrared spectra, which exhibited unusual characteristics. I relate these features to other dusty novae in which features with similar characteristics were observed, and discuss possible sources for the UIR carriers. Analysis of the data obtained in the CNe monitoring campaign presented here highlights the need for synoptic observations obtained with broad wavelength coverage. Observations of V1065 Cen, which exhibited spectra rich in

Spatial and temporal characteristics of V1 microstimulation during chronic implantation of a microelectrode array in a behaving macaque

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Davis, T. S.; Parker, R. A.; House, P. A.; Bagley, E.; Wendelken, S.; Normann, R. A.; Greger, B.

2012-12-01

Objective. It has been hypothesized that a vision prosthesis capable of evoking useful visual percepts can be based upon electrically stimulating the primary visual cortex (V1) of a blind human subject via penetrating microelectrode arrays. As a continuation of earlier work, we examined several spatial and temporal characteristics of V1 microstimulation. Approach. An array of 100 penetrating microelectrodes was chronically implanted in V1 of a behaving macaque monkey. Microstimulation thresholds were measured using a two-alternative forced choice detection task. Relative locations of electrically-evoked percepts were measured using a memory saccade-to-target task. Main results. The principal finding was that two years after implantation we were able to evoke behavioural responses to electric stimulation across the spatial extent of the array using groups of contiguous electrodes. Consistent responses to stimulation were evoked at an average threshold current per electrode of 204 ± 49 µA (mean ± std) for groups of four electrodes and 91 ± 25 µA for groups of nine electrodes. Saccades to electrically-evoked percepts using groups of nine electrodes showed that the animal could discriminate spatially distinct percepts with groups having an average separation of 1.6 ± 0.3 mm (mean ± std) in cortex and 1.0° ± 0.2° in visual space. Significance. These results demonstrate chronic perceptual functionality and provide evidence for the feasibility of a cortically-based vision prosthesis for the blind using penetrating microelectrodes.

Investigation of the double exponential in the current-voltage characteristics of silicon solar cells

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Wolf, M.; Noel, G. T.; Stirn, R. J.

1976-01-01

A theoretical analysis is presented of certain peculiarities of the current-voltage characteristics of silicon solar cells, involving high values of the empirical constant A in the diode equation for a p-n junction. An attempt was made in a lab experiment to demonstrate that the saturation current which is associated with the exponential term qV/A2kT of the I-V characteristic, with A2 roughly equal to 2, originates in the space charge region and that it can be increased, as observed on ATS-1 cells, by the introduction of additional defects through low energy proton irradiation. It was shown that the proton irradiation introduces defects into the space charge region which give rise to a recombination current from this region, although the I-V characteristic is, in this case, dominated by an exponential term which has A = 1.

Measurement of cardiac troponin I utilizing a point of care analyzer in healthy alpacas.

PubMed

Blass, Keith A; Kraus, Marc S; Rishniw, Mark; Mann, Sabine; Mitchell, Lisa M; Divers, Thomas J

2011-12-01

Myocardial disease in camelids is poorly characterized. Nutritional (selenium deficiency) and toxic (ionophore toxicity) myocardial disease have been reported in camelids. Diagnosis and management of these and other myocardial diseases might be enhanced by evaluating cardiac troponin I (cTnI) concentrations. No information about cTnI reference intervals in camelids is currently available. (A) To determine cTnI concentrations obtained using a point of care i-STAT(®)1 analyzer (Heska Corporation) in healthy alpacas; (B) to compare alpaca cTnI concentrations between heparinized whole blood and plasma samples and between 2 different storage conditions (4 °C for 24 h or -80 °C for 30 days); (C) to examine assay reproducibility using the i-STAT(®)1. 23 healthy alpacas were evaluated. Blood and plasma samples were analyzed by the i-STAT(®)1 within 1 h of collection. Aliquots of plasma were stored at either 4 °C for 24 h or -80 °C for 30 days, and then analyzed. Assay reproducibility was determined by comparing 2 plasma or whole blood cTnI concentrations measured on the same sample over a 10 min period. Analyzer-specific plasma cTnI concentrations in clinically normal alpacas had a median of <0.02 ng/mL (range: <0.02 ng/mL to 0.07 ng/mL). Plasma and whole blood concentrations showed good agreement. Storage did not affect cTnI concentrations (p > 0.75). Plasma cTnI concentrations had coefficient of repeatability of 0.02 ng/mL. The i-STAT(®)1 can measure cTnI in alpacas on both plasma and whole blood and provides similar values for both samples. Storage at 4 °C for 24 h or -80 °C for 30 days does not affect estimates of plasma cTnI. Evaluation of cTnI might be of value in assessing cardiac disease in this species. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Assessment of Automated Measurement and Verification (M&V) Methods

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Granderson, Jessica; Touzani, Samir; Custodio, Claudine

This report documents the application of a general statistical methodology to assess the accuracy of baseline energy models, focusing on its application to Measurement and Verification (M&V) of whole-building energy savings.

Bridging Therapy with i. v. rtPA in MCA Occlusion Prior to Endovascular Thrombectomy: a Double-Edged Sword?

PubMed

Kaesmacher, Johannes; Kleine, Justus F

2018-03-01

Recent studies suggested that preinterventional intravenous (i. v.) recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rtPA) as bridging therapy facilitates successful and fast vessel recanalization in endovascular stroke treatment (EST); however, data on this effect and the associated clinical value are discrepant. This study examined if this discrepancy could be related to an effect-modifying variable, specifically to the exact occlusion site. Retrospective analysis of 239 patients with acute occlusion of the middle cerebral artery (MCA) treated with up to date endovascular techniques. Effects of i. v.-rtPA bridging on clinical outcomes and safety/efficacy of EST, defined as the respective rates of successful, first pass and thrombolysis in cerebral infarction (TICI) scale 3 recanalization, were evaluated and stratified according to distal versus proximal occlusion sites. Overall, i. v.-rtPA bridging was associated with a significantly higher rate of successful recanalization (86.9 % vs. 75.7 %, p = 0.028). i. v.-rtPA bridging-related effects, however, were observable only in distal, but not in proximal MCA-occlusions. In distal occlusions, i. v.-rtPA clearly favored successful recanalization (adj. OR 4.6, 95 %-CI 1.5-13.6, p = 0.006) and first-pass successes (adj. OR 2.8, 95 %-CI 1.0-7.6, p = 0.042), but tended to be associated with lower rates of complete (TICI-3) reperfusion (adj. OR 0.4, 95 %-CI 0.2-1.1, p = 0.068). The net effect was a small clinical benefit, reflected in higher rates of strong neurological improvement (adj. OR: 2.8, 95 %-CI: 1.1-6.9, p = 0.03). i. v.-rtPA-bridging-related effects are occlusion site-dependent, paralleling similar effects of systemic i. v.-rtPA when applied without subsequent endovascular therapy. In distal occlusions, i. v.-rtPA facilitates thrombectomy, but may also promote distal embolization, with a small clinical benefit as overall net effect. Randomized trials assessing i.v-rtPA bridging need

A universal steady state I-V relationship for membrane current

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Chernyak, Y. B.; Cohen, R. J. (Principal Investigator)

1995-01-01

A purely electrical mechanism for the gating of membrane ionic channel gives rise to a simple I-V relationship for membrane current. Our approach is based on the known presence of gating charge, which is an established property of the membrane channel gating. The gating charge is systematically treated as a polarization of the channel protein which varies with the external electric field and modifies the effective potential through which the ions migrate in the channel. Two polarization effects have been considered: 1) the up or down shift of the whole potential function, and 2) the change in the effective electric field inside the channel which is due to familiar effect of the effective reduction of the electric field inside a dielectric body because of the presence of surface charges on its surface. Both effects are linear in the channel polarization. The ionic current is described by a steady state solution of the Nernst-Planck equation with the potential directly controlled by the gating charge system. The solution describes reasonably well the steady state and peak-current I-V relationships for different channels, and when applied adiabatically, explains the time lag between the gating charge current and the rise of the ionic current. The approach developed can be useful as an effective way to model the ionic currents in axons, cardiac cells and other excitable tissues.

Characteristics of Aerosol Volume Distributions Measured at Meppen, W. Germany.

DTIC Science & Technology

1983-10-01

RH <c7S% RH ;0S% .,. .. . ._ .,.z ., ,e, - 103M ~m3c -3 6(67) 143 (82) 2110a,3 m3 [77)]7S (51067) y1 < 1&3tsm 3cm-3 443 (332) 406 (467) V2 < 3xI0’ssN3M...function of relative humidity for the Meppen round station data. .V > 102 RH < 70% RH >70%" Modes Number Number 10 a 0 2 a-m 0 0 a-c 24 9 100o , , o...volume (mass) modes. RH < and > 80%. The number of occurrences expected Note that in this figure of the PMS data, dV/d logr is from random chance appears

Antisite defect types and temporal evolution characteristics of D022-Ni3V structure: Studied by the microscopic phase field

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhang, Jing; Chen, Zheng; Zhang, Mingyi; Lai, Qingbo; Lu, Yanli; Wang, Yongxin

2009-08-01

Microscopic phase field simulation is performed to study antisite defect type and temporal evolution characteristic of D022-Ni3V structure in Ni75Al x V25- x ternary system. The result demonstrates that two types of antisite defect VNi and NiV coexist in D022 structure; however, the amount of NiV is far greater than VNi; when precipitates transform from D022 singe phase to two phases mixture of D022 and L12 with enhanced Al:V ratio, the amount of VNi has no evident response to the secondary L12 phase, while NiV exhibits a definitely contrary variation tendency: NiV rises without L12 structure precipitating from matrix but declines with it; temporal evolution characteristic and temperature dependent antisite defect VNi, NiV are also studied in this paper: The concentrations of the both defects decline from high antistructure state to equilibrium level with elapsed time but rise with elevated temperature; the ternary alloying element aluminium atom occupies both α and β sublattices of D022 structure with a strong site preference of substituting α site.

Characteristic research on Hong Kong "I learned" series computer textbooks

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hu, Jinyan; Liu, Zhongxia; Li, Yuanyuan; Lu, Jianheng; Zhang, Lili

2011-06-01

Currently, the construction of information technology textbooks in the primary and middle schools is an important content of the information technology curriculum reform. The article expect to have any inspire and reference on inland China school information technology teaching material construction and development through the analyzing and refining the characteristics of the Hong Kong quality textbook series - "I learn . elementary school computer cognitive curriculum".

Selective gas adsorption and I-V response of monolayer boron phosphide introduced by dopants: A first-principle study

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Cheng, Yongfa; Meng, Ruishen; Tan, Chunjian; Chen, Xianping; Xiao, Jing

2018-01-01

Two-dimensional (2D) materials have gained tremendous research interests for gas sensing applications because of their ultrahigh theoretical specific surface areas and unique electronic properties. Here, we investigate the adsorption of CO, SO2, NH3, O2, NO and NO2 gas molecules on pure and doped boron phosphide (BP) systems using first-principles calculations to exploit their potential in gas sensing. Our results predict that all six gas molecules show stronger adsorption interactions on impurities-doped BP over the pristine monolayer BP. Al-doped BP shows the highest sensitivity to all gas molecules, but N-doped BP is more suitable as a sensing material for SO2, NO and NO2 due to the feasibility of desorption. We further calculated the current-voltage (I-V) relation by mean of nonequilibrium Green's function (NEGF) formalism. The I-V curves indicate that the electronic properties of the doping systems change significantly with gas adsorption by studying the nonparamagnetic molecules NH3 and the paramagnetic molecules NO, which can be more likely to be measured experimentally compared to graphene and phosphorene. This work explores the possibility of BP as a superior sensor through introducing the appropriate dopants.

Effect of 100 MeV Si7+ ions' irradiation on Pd/n-GaAs Schottky diodes

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sinha, O. P.

2017-12-01

Pd/n-GaAs realized devices (junction made on a virgin substrate prior to irradiation) and Pd/n-GaAs fabricated devices (junction realized after the virgin substrate irradiation) have been irradiated with 100 MeV Si7+ ions for the varying fluence of 1012-1013 ions/cm2. The devices have been characterized by I-V and C-V techniques for an electrical response. The electrical characterization of these devices shows the presence of interfacial layer. Moreover, the C-V characteristics show strong frequency dependence behavior, which indicates the involvement of interfacial charge layer with deep electron states. The hydrogenation of these devices has not caused any significant change in the electrical (I-V and C-V) characteristics. The observed results have been discussed in the realm of radiation-induced defects, which cause the carrier removal and compensation phenomena to cause the observed high resistivity and filling and unfilling of these traps' level to cause strong frequency dependence behavior.

Prevalence of melanocortin receptor 4 (MC4R) V103I gene variant and its association with obesity among the Kampar Health Clinic cohort, Perak, Malaysia.

PubMed

Chua, H N; Fan, S H; Say, Y H

2012-04-01

This study investigated the prevalence of the Melanocortin receptor 4 (MC4R) V1031 gene variant and its association with obesity among a cohort of 254 patients (101 males; 118 obese) attending the Kampar Health Clinic. Genotyping revealed the mutated I allele frequency of 0.02, no homozygous mutated (II), and similar distribution of V and I alleles across BMI groups, genders and ethnic groups. No significant difference was found for the means of anthropometric measurements between alleles. Prevalence of this gene variant among the Malaysian cohort was similar with previous populations (2-4% of mutated allele carrier), but was not associated with obesity.

TeV electron measurement with CREST experiment

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Park, Nahee; Anderson, T.; Bower, C.; Coutu, S.; Gennaro, J.; Geske, M.; Muller, D.; Musser, J.; Nutter, S.

CREST, the Cosmic Ray Electron Synchrotron Telescope is a balloon-borne experiment de-signed to measure the spectrum of multi-TeV electrons by the detection of the x-ray synchrotron photons generated in the magnetic field of the Earth. Electrons in the TeV range are expected to reflect the properties of local sources because fluxes from remote locations are suppressed by radiative losses during propagation. Since CREST needs to intersect only a portion of the kilometers-long trail of photons generated by the high-energy electron, the method yields a larger effective area than the physical size of the detector, boosting detection areas. The in-strument is composed of an array of 1024 BaF2 crystals and a set of scintillating veto counters. A long duration balloon flight in Antarctica is currently planned for the 2010-11 season.

Nonlinear dynamic modeling of a V-shaped metal based thermally driven MEMS actuator for RF switches

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bakri-Kassem, Maher; Dhaouadi, Rached; Arabi, Mohamed; Estahbanati, Shahabeddin V.; Abdel-Rahman, Eihab

2018-05-01

In this paper, we propose a new dynamic model to describe the nonlinear characteristics of a V-shaped (chevron) metallic-based thermally driven MEMS actuator. We developed two models for the thermal actuator with two configurations. The first MEMS configuration has a small tip connected to the shuttle, while the second configuration has a folded spring and a wide beam attached to the shuttle. A detailed finite element model (FEM) and a lumped element model (LEM) are proposed for each configuration to completely characterize the electro-thermal and thermo-mechanical behaviors. The nonlinear resistivity of the polysilicon layer is extracted from the measured current-voltage (I-V) characteristics of the actuator and the simulated corresponding temperatures in the FEM model, knowing the resistivity of the polysilicon at room temperature from the manufacture’s handbook. Both developed models include the nonlinear temperature-dependent material properties. Numerical simulations in comparison with experimental data using a dedicated MEMS test apparatus verify the accuracy of the proposed LEM model to represent the complex dynamics of the thermal MEMS actuator. The LEM and FEM simulation results show an accuracy ranging from a maximum of 13% error down to a minimum of 1.4% error. The actuator with the lower thermal load to air that includes a folded spring (FS), also known as high surface area actuator is compared to the actuator without FS, also known as low surface area actuator, in terms of the I-V characteristics, power consumption, and experimental static and dynamic responses of the tip displacement.

Defect-related degradation of III-V/Silicon 1.55 μm DBR laser diodes

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Buffolo, Matteo; Meneghini, Matteo; De Santi, Carlo; Trivellin, Nicola; Davenport, Michael L.; Bowers, John E.; Meneghesso, Gaudenzio; Zanoni, Enrico

2018-02-01

This paper reports on an extensive investigation on the degradation mechanisms that may limit the long term reliability of heterogeneous III-V/Silicon DBR laser diodes for integrated telecommunication applications in the 1.55 μm window. The devices under test, aged for up to 500 hours under different bias conditions, showed a gradual variation of both optical (L-I) and electrical (I-V, C-V) characteristics. In particular, the laser diodes exhibited an increase in the threshold current, a decrease of the turn-on voltage and an increase in the apparent charge density within the space-charge region, which was extrapolated from C-V measurements. For longer stress times, these two latter processes were found to be well correlated with the worsening of the optical parameters, which suggests that degradation occurred due to an increase in the density of defects within the active region, with consequent decrease in the non-radiative (SRH) lifetime. This conclusion is also supported by the fact that during stress the apparent charge profiles indicated a re-distribution of charge within the junction. A preliminary investigation on the physical origin of the defects responsible for degradation was carried out by DLTS measurements, which revealed the presence of five different deep levels, with a main trap located around 0.43 eV above the valence band energy. This trap was found to be compatible with an interface defect located between the In0.53AlxGa0.47-xAs SCH region and the InP layer.

30 CFR 57.22204 - Main fan operation and inspection (I-A, II-A, III, and V-A mines).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Main fan operation and inspection (I-A, II-A, III, and V-A mines). 57.22204 Section 57.22204 Mineral Resources MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION... Main fan operation and inspection (I-A, II-A, III, and V-A mines). Main fans shall be— (a) Provided...

30 CFR 57.22204 - Main fan operation and inspection (I-A, II-A, III, and V-A mines).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Main fan operation and inspection (I-A, II-A, III, and V-A mines). 57.22204 Section 57.22204 Mineral Resources MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION... Main fan operation and inspection (I-A, II-A, III, and V-A mines). Main fans shall be— (a) Provided...

A compact 45 kV curve tracer with picoampere current measurement capability.

PubMed

Sullivan, W W; Mauch, D; Bullick, A; Hettler, C; Neuber, A; Dickens, J

2013-03-01

This paper discusses a compact high voltage curve tracer for high voltage semiconductor device characterization. The system sources up to 3 mA at up to 45 kV in dc conditions. It measures from 328 V to 60 kV with 15 V resolution and from 9.4 pA to 4 mA with 100 fA minimum resolution. Control software for the system is written in Microsoft Visual C# and features real-time measurement control and IV plotting, arc-protection and detection, an electrically isolated universal serial bus interface, and easy data exporting capabilities. The system has survived numerous catastrophic high voltage device-under-test arcing failures with no loss of measurement capability or system damage. Overall sweep times are typically under 2 min, and the curve tracer system was used to characterize the blocking performance of high voltage ceramic capacitors, high voltage silicon carbide photoconductive semiconductor switches, and high voltage coaxial cable.

SEMICONDUCTOR TECHNOLOGY: SBH adjustment characteristic of the dopant segregation process for NiSi/n-Si SJDs

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Haiping, Shang; Qiuxia, Xu

2010-05-01

By means of analyzing the I-V characteristic curve of NiSi/n-Si Schottky junction diodes (NiSi/n-Si SJDs), abstracting the effective Schottky barrier height (varphiB, eff) and the ideal factor of NiSi/n-Si SJDs and measuring the sheet resistance of NiSi films (RNiSi), we study the effects of different dopant segregation process parameters, including impurity implantation dose, segregation annealing temperature and segregation annealing time, on the varphiB, eff of NiSi/n-Si SJDs and the resistance characteristic of NiSi films. In addition, the changing rules of varphiB, eff and RNiSi are discussed.

Preliminary Vibration Measurements on Mark I Vehicle

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1971-01-01

Preliminary measurements have been made on the acceleration and vibration environment of the Mark I vehicle while operating on the New York City Transit System. Measurements at the journal box indicated shor period high acceleration pulses as lage as...

Light output measurements and computational models of microcolumnar CsI scintillators for x-ray imaging.

PubMed

Nillius, Peter; Klamra, Wlodek; Sibczynski, Pawel; Sharma, Diksha; Danielsson, Mats; Badano, Aldo

2015-02-01

The authors report on measurements of light output and spatial resolution of microcolumnar CsI:Tl scintillator detectors for x-ray imaging. In addition, the authors discuss the results of simulations aimed at analyzing the results of synchrotron and sealed-source exposures with respect to the contributions of light transport to the total light output. The authors measured light output from a 490-μm CsI:Tl scintillator screen using two setups. First, the authors used a photomultiplier tube (PMT) to measure the response of the scintillator to sealed-source exposures. Second, the authors performed imaging experiments with a 27-keV monoenergetic synchrotron beam and a slit to calculate the total signal generated in terms of optical photons per keV. The results of both methods are compared to simulations obtained with hybridmantis, a coupled x-ray, electron, and optical photon Monte Carlo transport package. The authors report line response (LR) and light output for a range of linear absorption coefficients and describe a model that fits at the same time the light output and the blur measurements. Comparing the experimental results with the simulations, the authors obtained an estimate of the absorption coefficient for the model that provides good agreement with the experimentally measured LR. Finally, the authors report light output simulation results and their dependence on scintillator thickness and reflectivity of the backing surface. The slit images from the synchrotron were analyzed to obtain a total light output of 48 keV−1 while measurements using the fast PMT instrument setup and sealed-sources reported a light output of 28 keV−1. The authors attribute the difference in light output estimates between the two methods to the difference in time constants between the camera and PMT measurements. Simulation structures were designed to match the light output measured with the camera while providing good agreement with the measured LR resulting in a bulk

Pragmatic characteristics of patient-reported outcome measures are important for use in clinical practice.

PubMed

Kroenke, Kurt; Monahan, Patrick O; Kean, Jacob

2015-09-01

Measures for assessing patient-reported outcomes (PROs) that may have initially been developed for research are increasingly being recommended for use in clinical practice as well. Although psychometric rigor is essential, this article focuses on pragmatic characteristics of PROs that may enhance uptake into clinical practice. Three sources were drawn on in identifying pragmatic criteria for PROs: (1) selected literature review including recommendations by other expert groups; (2) key features of several model public domain PROs; and (3) the authors' experience in developing practical PROs. Eight characteristics of a practical PRO include: (1) actionability (i.e., scores guide diagnostic or therapeutic actions/decision making); (2) appropriateness for the relevant clinical setting; (3) universality (i.e., for screening, severity assessment, and monitoring across multiple conditions); (4) self-administration; (5) item features (number of items and bundling issues); (6) response options (option number and dimensions, uniform vs. varying options, time frame, intervals between options); (7) scoring (simplicity and interpretability); and (8) accessibility (nonproprietary, downloadable, available in different languages and for vulnerable groups, and incorporated into electronic health records). Balancing psychometric and pragmatic factors in the development of PROs is important for accelerating the incorporation of PROs into clinical practice. Published by Elsevier Inc.

Association of the IL4R single-nucleotide polymorphism I50V with recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA).

PubMed

Tavasolian, Fataneh; Abdollahi, Elham; Samadi, Morteza

2014-07-01

Recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA) is defined as three or more consecutive abortions before the 20th week of gestation. There is increasing evidence to support an immunological mechanism for the occurrence of RSA. The purpose of our study was to examine whether single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the interleukin-4 receptor gene IL4R influence susceptibility to, recurrent spontaneous abortion. This is a case-control study. We recruited 200 patients with RSA (case group) using established diagnostic criteria and 200, normal individuals (control group) at the fertility and infertility center in Yazd city and Isfahan city during 2012 to 2013. We screened the I50V variant in IL-4R in patients and controls by PCR-RFLF method, and we performed an association analysis between I50V variant and RSA.the data was analyzed by spss 16 software using Chi-square test. No differences in the genotype and allele frequencies of the I50V SNPs were identified between patients with RSA and healthy controls. The frequency of SNP in IL-4 receptor (I50V) in patients with recurrent spontaneous abortion did not differ significantly compared with the control group. Analysis of IL4R SNP haplotypes or complex alleles suggested no dominant protection in patients with RSA.

40 CFR 147.301 - EPA-administered program-Class I, III, IV, V wells and Indian lands.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

..., IV, V wells and Indian lands. 147.301 Section 147.301 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) WATER PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) STATE, TRIBAL, AND EPA-ADMINISTERED UNDERGROUND INJECTION CONTROL PROGRAMS Colorado § 147.301 EPA-administered program—Class I, III, IV, V wells and Indian...

40 CFR 147.301 - EPA-administered program-Class I, III, IV, V wells and Indian lands.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

..., IV, V wells and Indian lands. 147.301 Section 147.301 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) WATER PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) STATE, TRIBAL, AND EPA-ADMINISTERED UNDERGROUND INJECTION CONTROL PROGRAMS Colorado § 147.301 EPA-administered program—Class I, III, IV, V wells and Indian...

Heterogeneity of the cystic fibrosis phenotype in a large kindred family in Qatar with cystic fibrosis mutation (I1234V).

PubMed

Abdul Wahab, A; Al Thani, G; Dawod, S T; Kambouris, M; Al Hamed, M

2001-04-01

Twenty-nine subjects (17 families) with cystic fibrosis belonging to the same Bedouin tribe were screened for cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator gene mutations (CFTR). Homozygous I1234V mutation in exon 19 was identified in all families with a relatively high rate of consanguinity (96.6 per cent). The homozygous I1234V mutation tended to present with a variable degree of pulmonary disease, pancreatic insufficiency and electrolyte imbalance. Homozygous I1234V was found to be a common mutation in the studied Bedouin tribe in Qatar.

Measurement of Elliptic Llow in p+Au Collisions at √SNN = 200 GeV Using the PHENIX Detector at RHIC

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Koblesky, Theodore E.

The Quark Gluon Plasma (QGP), a hot and dense state of matter in which quarks are not confined inside hadrons, is thought to be the same as the matter comprising the entire universe approximately one microsecond after the Big Bang. In Au+Au collisions at √SNN = 200 GeV at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) and Pb+Pb collisions at √ SNN = 2.76 TeV at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), QGP has been discovered to have unique properties, such as its opacity to color charges and the fact that it behaves like a near-perfect fluid. Collective behavior in the form of a substantial elliptical azimuthal anisotropy ( v2) in the momentum distribution of final state particles has been observed, indicating a strongly-coupled, hydrodynamically flowing medium. Recently, features of collectivity have been detected in high-multiplicity, small collision systems thought to be too small to produce the QGP, such as 3He+Au and d+Au at √SNN = 200 GeV, p+Pb at √SNN = 5 TeV, and in p+p = 13 TeV events. In order to constrain models seeking to describe this phenomena, collision systems with distinct initial collision geometries were run at RHIC: 3He+Au for triangular geometry, d+Au for elliptical geometry, and p+Au for circular geometry. Together with coauthors, in a theory paper published in 2014, we proposed the suite of measurements at RHIC of the three collision systems. This thesis is the completion of that set of three measurements, by measuring v2 in the p+Au system. This thesis gives details on the analysis techniques used to make the measurement including the quality assurance of the data, the optimization of the midrapidity charged hadron cuts, and the event plane angle calibration. Special attention is given to correcting the systematic effects produced by the beam alignment unique to the p+Au dataset in order to make the v2 measurement with sufficient precision. Comparisons of v2 in the three collision systems and various theoretical models are made and it appears to

Psychosocial work characteristics of personal care and service occupations: a process for developing meaningful measures for a multiethnic workforce.

PubMed

Hoppe, Annekatrin; Heaney, Catherine A; Fujishiro, Kaori; Gong, Fang; Baron, Sherry

2015-01-01

Despite their rapid increase in number, workers in personal care and service occupations are underrepresented in research on psychosocial work characteristics and occupational health. Some of the research challenges stem from the high proportion of immigrants in these occupations. Language barriers, low literacy, and cultural differences as well as their nontraditional work setting (i.e., providing service for one person in his/her home) make generic questionnaire measures inadequate for capturing salient aspects of personal care and service work. This study presents strategies for (1) identifying psychosocial work characteristics of home care workers that may affect their occupational safety and health and (2) creating survey measures that overcome barriers posed by language, low literacy, and cultural differences. We pursued these aims in four phases: (Phase 1) Six focus groups to identify the psychosocial work characteristics affecting the home care workers' occupational safety and health; (Phase 2) Selection of questionnaire items (i.e., questions or statements to assess the target construct) and first round of cognitive interviews (n = 30) to refine the items in an iterative process; (Phase 3) Item revision and second round of cognitive interviews (n = 11); (Phase 4) Quantitative pilot test to ensure the scales' reliability and validity across three language groups (English, Spanish, and Chinese; total n = 404). Analysis of the data from each phase informed the nature of subsequent phases. This iterative process ensured that survey measures not only met the reliability and validity criteria across groups, but were also meaningful to home care workers. This complex process is necessary when conducting research with nontraditional and multilingual worker populations.

Real-Time Series Resistance Monitoring in PV Systems Without the Need for I-V Curves

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Deceglie, Michael G.; Silverman, Timothy J.; Marion, Bill

We apply the physical principles of a familiar method, suns-V oc, to a new application: the real-time detection of series resistance changes in modules and systems operating outside. The real-time series resistance (RTSR) method that we describe avoids the need for collecting I-V curves or constructing full series resistance-free I-V curves. RTSR is most readily deployable at the module level on microinverters or module-integrated electronics, but it can also be extended to full strings. We found that automated detection of series resistance increases can provide early warnings of some of the most common reliability issues, which also pose fire risks,more » including broken ribbons, broken solder bonds, and contact problems in the junction or combiner box. We also describe the method in detail and describe a sample application to data collected from modules operating in the field.« less

Secondary neutron spectrum from 250-MeV passively scattered proton therapy: measurement with an extended-range Bonner sphere system.

PubMed

Howell, Rebecca M; Burgett, E A

2014-09-01

Secondary neutrons are an unavoidable consequence of proton therapy. While the neutron dose is low compared to the primary proton dose, its presence and contribution to the patient dose is nonetheless important. The most detailed information on neutrons includes an evaluation of the neutron spectrum. However, the vast majority of the literature that has reported secondary neutron spectra in proton therapy is based on computational methods rather than measurements. This is largely due to the inherent limitations in the majority of neutron detectors, which are either not suitable for spectral measurements or have limited response at energies greater than 20 MeV. Therefore, the primary objective of the present study was to measure a secondary neutron spectrum from a proton therapy beam using a spectrometer that is sensitive to neutron energies over the entire neutron energy spectrum. The authors measured the secondary neutron spectrum from a 250-MeV passively scattered proton beam in air at a distance of 100 cm laterally from isocenter using an extended-range Bonner sphere (ERBS) measurement system. Ambient dose equivalent H*(10) was calculated using measured fluence and fluence-to-ambient dose equivalent conversion coefficients. The neutron fluence spectrum had a high-energy direct neutron peak, an evaporation peak, a thermal peak, and an intermediate energy continuum between the thermal and evaporation peaks. The H*(10) was dominated by the neutrons in the evaporation peak because of both their high abundance and the large quality conversion coefficients in that energy interval. The H*(10) 100 cm laterally from isocenter was 1.6 mSv per proton Gy (to isocenter). Approximately 35% of the dose equivalent was from neutrons with energies ≥20 MeV. The authors measured a neutron spectrum for external neutrons generated by a 250-MeV proton beam using an ERBS measurement system that was sensitive to neutrons over the entire energy range being measured, i.e., thermal to

Secondary neutron spectrum from 250-MeV passively scattered proton therapy: Measurement with an extended-range Bonner sphere system

PubMed Central

Howell, Rebecca M.; Burgett, E. A.

2014-01-01

energy range being measured, i.e., thermal to 250 MeV. The authors used the neutron fluence spectrum to demonstrate experimentally the contribution of neutrons with different energies to the total dose equivalent and in particular the contribution of high-energy neutrons (≥20 MeV). These are valuable reference data that can be directly compared with Monte Carlo and experimental data in the literature. PMID:25186404

Characteristic Lifetime Of A Polarized Feature In The V=0, J=1-0 Sio Maser VY Canis Majoris

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rislow, Benjamin; McIntosh, G. C.

2008-05-01

A time series cross correlation analysis has been developed for calculating the characteristic lifetime of linearly polarized features in the spectrum of silicon monoxide masers. Our observations of VY CMa in the v=0, J=1→0; transition from June 2003 to March 2006 revealed a highly linearly polarized feature at Vlsr=18.5 km s-1. Applying the cross correlation to this feature gave a characteristic lifetime of 2800 days. This time is much longer than the v=1, J=2→1; transition's lifetime of 645 days and indicates that the two transitions occur under different physical conditions. This research was supported by the University of Minnesota and the University of Minnesota, Morris.

Work function measurements of copper nanoparticle intercalated polyaniline nanocomposite thin films

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Patil, U. V.; Ramgir, Niranjan S.; Bhogale, A.; Debnath, A. K.; Muthe, K. P.; Gadkari, S. C.; Kothari, D. C.

2017-05-01

The nature of contact between the electrode and the sensing material plays a crucial role in governing the sensing mechanism. Thin films of polyaniline (PANI) and copper-polyaniline nanocomposite (NC) have been deposited at room temperatures by in-situ oxidative polymerization of aniline in the presence of Cu nanoparticles. For sensing applications a thin film Au (gold) ˜100 nm is deposited and used as a conducting electrode. To understand the nature of contact (i.e., ohmic or Schottky) the work function of the conducting polyaniline and nanocomposite films were measured using Kelvin Probe method. I-V characteristics of PANI and NC films investigated at room temperatures further corroborates and confirms the formation of Ohmic contact as evident from work function measurements.

123I-5-IA-85380 SPECT measurement of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in human brain by the constant infusion paradigm: feasibility and reproducibility.

PubMed

Staley, Julie K; van Dyck, Christopher H; Weinzimmer, David; Brenner, Eric; Baldwin, Ronald M; Tamagnan, Gilles D; Riccardi, Patrizia; Mitsis, Effie; Seibyl, John P

2005-09-01

(123)I-5-IA-85380 ((123)I-5-IA; [(123)I]-5-iodo-3-[2(S)-azetidinylmethoxy]pyridine) is a promising SPECT radiotracer for imaging beta(2)-containing nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (beta(2)-nAChRs) in brain. Beta(2)-nAChRs are the initial site of action of nicotine and are implicated in various neuropsychiatric disorders. The feasibility and reproducibility of the bolus-plus-constant-infusion paradigm for equilibrium modeling of (123)I-5-IA using SPECT in healthy nonsmokers was studied. Ten healthy nonsmokers (mean age +/- SD, 43.7 +/- 9.9 y) underwent two (123)I-5-IA SPECT scans within 4 wk. (123)I-5-IA was administered as a bolus (125.8 +/- 14.6 MBq) plus constant infusion (18.1 +/- 1.5 MBq/h). SPECT acquisitions (30 min) and venous blood sampling were performed every 60 min throughout the infusion (10-14 h). The test-retest variability and reliability of plasma activity (kBq/mL), the regional brain activity reflected by units of kBq/mL and %ID/mL (injected dose/mL brain tissue), and the equilibrium outcome measures V(T)' (ratio of total uptake to total plasma parent concentration) and V(T) (ratio of total uptake to free plasma parent concentration) were evaluated in 4 brain areas, including thalamus, striatum, cortex, and cerebellum. Linear regression analysis revealed that time-activity curves for both plasma and brain (123)I-5-IA activity stabilized by 5 h, with an average change of [2.5%/h between 6 and 8 h of infusion, permitting equilibrium modeling. The plasma free fraction (f(1)), total parent, and clearance demonstrated good test-retest variability (mean, 10.9%-12.5%), whereas the variability of free parent was greater (mean, 24.3%). Regional brain activity (kBq/mL) demonstrated good test-retest variability (11.1%-16.4%) that improved when corrected for infusion rate (mean, 8.2%-9.9%) or for injected dose (mean, 9.5%-13.3%). V(T)' demonstrated better test-retest variability (mean, 7.0%-8.9%) than V(T) (mean, 12.9%-14.6%). Reliability assessed by the

The Electron Spectrum above 20 GeV Measured by ATIC

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Chang, J.; Schmidt, W. K. H.; Adams, J. H.; Ahn, H. S.; Bashindzhagyan, G.; Batkov, K. E.; Christl, M.; Fazely, A. R.; Ganel, O.; Gunasingha, R. M.

2004-01-01

The Advanced Thin Ionization Calorimeter (ATIC) Balloon Experiment has been flown from McMurdo, Antarctica in 2000-01 (test flight) and 2002-03 (science flight). ATIC is composed of a segmented BGO calorimeter following a carbon target with scintillator tracking layers and a Silicon matrix detector at the entrance. ATIC measures the composition and energy spectra of the nuclei plus electrons. We present the electron spectrum derived from the ATIC flights, from 20 GeV to 3 TeV, and compare it to existing very high energy measurements from emulsion chambers and to the results of galactic propagation calculations. The good energy resolution and high statistics in the ATIC data allow detailed astrophysical interpretation of the results.

Fracture & Fatigue Characteristics in Titanium Alloys.

DTIC Science & Technology

1982-06-01

7 AD-All7 155 ROCKWELL INTERNATIONAL THOUSAND OAKS CA SCIENCE CENTER FIG 1i/ 6 FRACTURE & FATI6UE CHARACTERISTICS IN TITANIUM ALLOYS.(U) JUN 82 C 6 ...RECIPIENT’S CATALOG NUMBER 2!, !/,/ S 4 . TITLE (mod Subi.le) S. TYPE OF REPORT & PERIOD COVERED Fracture and Fatigue Characteristics in Final Report Titanium ...tempera- ture fracture toughness of Ti-6A)--4V ( 6 - 4 ) and Ti-4.5A,9-5Mo-l.5Cr (CORONA-5) has been studied as a function of elemental partition- ing and

A new spectroscopic imager for X-rays from 0.5 keV to 150 keV combining a pnCCD and a columnar CsI(Tl) scintillator

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Schlosser, D. M.; Hartmann, R.; Kalok, D.; Bechteler, A.; Abboud, A.; Shokr, M.; Çonka, T.; Pietsch, U.; Strüder, L.

2017-04-01

By combining a low noise fully depleted pnCCD detector with a columnar CsI(Tl) scintillator an energy dispersive spatial resolving detector can be realized with a high quantum efficiency in the range from below 0.5 keV to above 150 keV. The used scintillator system increases the pulse height of gamma-rays converted in the CsI(Tl), due to focusing properties of the columnar scintillator structure by reducing the event size in indirect detection mode (conversion in the scintillator). In case of direct detection (conversion in the silicon of the pnCCD) the relative energy resolution is 0.7% at 122 keV (FWHM = 850 eV) and the spatial resolution is less than 75 μm. In case of indirect detection the relative energy resolution, integrated over all event sizes is about 9% at 122 keV with an expected spatial precision of below 75 μm.

OBSERVATIONS OF THE CRAB PULSAR BETWEEN 25 AND 100 GeV WITH THE MAGIC I TELESCOPE

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Aleksic, J.; Blanch, O.; Alvarez, E. A.

2011-11-20

We report on the observation of {gamma}-rays above 25 GeV from the Crab pulsar (PSR B0532+21) using the MAGIC I telescope. Two data sets from observations during the winter period 2007/2008 and 2008/2009 are used. In order to discuss the spectral shape from 100 MeV to 100 GeV, one year of public Fermi Large Area Telescope (Fermi-LAT) data are also analyzed to complement the MAGIC data. The extrapolation of the exponential cutoff spectrum determined with the Fermi-LAT data is inconsistent with MAGIC measurements, which requires a modification of the standard pulsar emission models. In the energy region between 25 andmore » 100 GeV, the emission in the P1 phase (from -0.06 to 0.04, location of the main pulse) and the P2 phase (from 0.32 to 0.43, location of the interpulse) can be described by power laws with spectral indices of -3.1 {+-} 1.0{sub stat} {+-} 0.3{sub syst} and -3.5 {+-} 0.5{sub stat} {+-} 0.3{sub syst}, respectively. Assuming an asymmetric Lorentzian for the pulse shape, the peak positions of the main pulse and the interpulse are estimated to be at phases -0.009 {+-} 0.007 and 0.393 {+-} 0.009, while the full widths at half-maximum are 0.025 {+-} 0.008 and 0.053 {+-} 0.015, respectively.« less

SULTAN measurement and qualification: ITER-US-LLNL-NMARTOVETSKY- 092008

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Martovetsky, N N

2006-09-21

Measuring the characteristics of full scale ITER CICC at SULTAN is the critical qualification test. If volt-ampere characteristic (VAC) or volt-temperature characteristic (VTC) are distorted, the criterion of 10 uV/m may not be a valid criterion to judge the conductor performance. Only measurements with a clear absence or low signals from the current distribution should be considered as quantitatively representative, although in some obvious circumstances one can judge if a conductor will meet or fail ITER requirements. SULTAN full scale ITER CICC testing should be done with all measures taken to ensure uniform current redistribution. A full removal of Crmore » plating in the joint area and complete solder filling of the joints (with provision of the central channel for helium flow) should be mandatory for DC qualification samples for ITER. Also, T and I should be increased slowly that an equilibrium could be established for accurate measurement of Tcs, Ic and N. It is also desirable to go up in down in current and/or temperature (within stable range) to make sure that the equilibrium is reached.« less

MATISSE-v1.5 and MATISSE-v2.0: new developments and comparison with MIRAMER measurements

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Simoneau, Pierre; Caillault, Karine; Fauqueux, Sandrine; Huet, Thierry; Labarre, Luc; Malherbe, Claire; Rosier, Bernard

2009-05-01

MATISSE is a background scene generator developed for the computation of natural background spectral radiance images and useful atmospheric radiatives quantities (radiance and transmission along a line of sight, local illumination, solar irradiance ...). The spectral bandwidth ranges from 0.4 to 14 μm. Natural backgrounds include atmosphere (taking into account spatial variability), low and high altitude clouds, sea and land. The current version MATISSE-v1.5 can be run on SUN and IBM workstations as well as on PC under Windows and Linux environment. An IHM developed under Java environment is also implemented. MATISSE-v2.0 recovers all the MATISSE-v1.5 functionalities, and includes a new sea surface radiance model depending on wind speed, wind direction and the fetch value. The release of this new version in planned for April 2009. This paper gives a description of MATISSE-v1.5 and MATISSE-v2.0 and shows preliminary comparison results between generated images and measured images during the MIRAMER campaign, which hold in May 2008 in the Mediterranean Sea.

Peripheral i.v. analysis (PIVA) of venous waveforms for volume assessment in patients undergoing haemodialysis.

PubMed

Hocking, K M; Alvis, B D; Baudenbacher, F; Boyer, R; Brophy, C M; Beer, I; Eagle, S

2017-12-01

The assessment of intravascular volume status remains a challenge for clinicians. Peripheral i.v. analysis (PIVA) is a method for analysing the peripheral venous waveform that has been used to monitor volume status. We present a proof-of-concept study for evaluating the efficacy of PIVA in detecting changes in fluid volume. We enrolled 37 hospitalized patients undergoing haemodialysis (HD) as a controlled model for intravascular volume loss. Respiratory rate (F0) and pulse rate (F1) frequencies were measured. PIVA signal was obtained by fast Fourier analysis of the venous waveform followed by weighing the magnitude of the amplitude of the pulse rate frequency. PIVA was compared with peripheral venous pressure and standard monitoring of vital signs. Regression analysis showed a linear correlation between volume loss and change in the PIVA signal (R2=0.77). Receiver operator curves demonstrated that the PIVA signal showed an area under the curve of 0.89 for detection of 20 ml kg-1 change in volume. There was no correlation between volume loss and peripheral venous pressure, blood pressure or pulse rate. PIVA-derived pulse rate and respiratory rate were consistent with similar numbers derived from the bio-impedance and electrical signals from the electrocardiogram. PIVA is a minimally invasive, novel modality for detecting changes in fluid volume status, respiratory rate and pulse rate in spontaneously breathing patients with peripheral i.v. cannulas. © The Author 2017. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the British Journal of Anaesthesia. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com

Amino Acid Requirements for MDA5 and LGP2 Recognition by Paramyxovirus V Proteins: a Single Arginine Distinguishes MDA5 from RIG-I

PubMed Central

Rodriguez, Kenny R.

2013-01-01

Paramyxovirus V proteins bind to MDA5 (melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5) and LGP2 (laboratory of genetics and physiology gene 2) but not RIG-I (retinoic acid-inducible gene I). The results demonstrate MDA5 R806 is essential for inhibition by diverse V proteins. Complementary substitution for the analogous RIG-I L714 confers V protein recognition. The analogous LGP2 R455 is required for recognition by measles V protein, but not other V proteins. These findings indicate that paramyxoviruses use a single amino acid to distinguish MDA5 from RIG-I and have evolved distinct contact sites for LGP2 interference. PMID:23269789

Understanding I/O workload characteristics of a Peta-scale storage system

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Kim, Youngjae; Gunasekaran, Raghul

2015-01-01

Understanding workload characteristics is critical for optimizing and improving the performance of current systems and software, and architecting new storage systems based on observed workload patterns. In this paper, we characterize the I/O workloads of scientific applications of one of the world s fastest high performance computing (HPC) storage cluster, Spider, at the Oak Ridge Leadership Computing Facility (OLCF). OLCF flagship petascale simulation platform, Titan, and other large HPC clusters, in total over 250 thousands compute cores, depend on Spider for their I/O needs. We characterize the system utilization, the demands of reads and writes, idle time, storage space utilization,more » and the distribution of read requests to write requests for the Peta-scale Storage Systems. From this study, we develop synthesized workloads, and we show that the read and write I/O bandwidth usage as well as the inter-arrival time of requests can be modeled as a Pareto distribution. We also study the I/O load imbalance problems using I/O performance data collected from the Spider storage system.« less

A rapid and accurate method, ventilated chamber C-history method, of measuring the emission characteristic parameters of formaldehyde/VOCs in building materials.

PubMed

Huang, Shaodan; Xiong, Jianyin; Zhang, Yinping

2013-10-15

The indoor pollution caused by formaldehyde and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted from building materials poses an adverse effect on people's health. It is necessary to understand and control the behaviors of the emission sources. Based on detailed mass transfer analysis on the emission process in a ventilated chamber, this paper proposes a novel method of measuring the three emission characteristic parameters, i.e., the initial emittable concentration, the diffusion coefficient and the partition coefficient. A linear correlation between the logarithm of dimensionless concentration and time is derived. The three parameters can then be calculated from the intercept and slope of the correlation. Compared with the closed chamber C-history method, the test is performed under ventilated condition thus some commonly-used measurement instruments (e.g., GC/MS, HPLC) can be applied. While compared with other methods, the present method can rapidly and accurately measure the three parameters, with experimental time less than 12h and R(2) ranging from 0.96 to 0.99 for the cases studied. Independent experiment was carried out to validate the developed method, and good agreement was observed between the simulations based on the determined parameters and experiments. The present method should prove useful for quick characterization of formaldehyde/VOC emissions from indoor materials. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Correlation of mitochondrial protein expression in complexes I to V with natural and induced forms of canine idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy.

PubMed

Lopes, Rosana; Solter, Philip F; Sisson, D David; Oyama, Mark A; Prosek, Robert

2006-06-01

To identify qualitative and quantitative differences in cardiac mitochondrial protein expression in complexes I to V between healthy dogs and dogs with natural or induced dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). Left ventricle samples were obtained from 7 healthy dogs, 7 Doberman Pinschers with naturally occurring DCM, and 7 dogs with DCM induced by rapid right ventricular pacing. Fresh and frozen mitochondrial fractions were isolated from the left ventricular free wall and analyzed by 2-dimensional electrophoresis. Protein spots that increased or decreased in density by 2-fold or greater between groups were analyzed by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry or quadrupole selecting, quadrupole collision cell, time-of-flight mass spectrometry. A total of 22 altered mitochondrial proteins were identified in complexes I to V. Ten and 12 were found in complex I and complexes II to V, respectively. Five were mitochondrial encoded, and 17 were nuclear encoded. Most altered mitochondrial proteins in tissue specimens from dogs with naturally occurring DCM were associated with complexes I and V, whereas in tissue specimens from dogs subjected to rapid ventricular pacing, complexes I and IV were more affected. In the experimentally induced form of DCM, only nuclear-encoded subunits were changed in complex I. In both disease groups, the 22-kd subunit was downregulated. Natural and induced forms of DCM resulted in altered mitochondrial protein expression in complexes I to V. However, subcellular differences between the experimental and naturally occurring forms of DCM may exist.

Virginia connected vehicle test bed system performance (V2I system performance) : final report.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2016-05-01

This project identified vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) communication system limitations on the Northern Virginia Connected Vehicle Test Bed. Real-world historical data were analyzed to determine wireless Dedicated Short Range Communication (DSRC) co...

Differential Conductance Measurements of MgB2/I/Pb Heterojunctions and all-MgB2 Junctions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Cusick, David; Eckhardt, Matthew; Dai, Wenqing; Li, Qi; Chen, Ke; Cunnane, Daniel; Zhuang, C. G.; Xi, X. X.; Naito, Michio; Ramos, Roberto

2015-03-01

We present our work characterizing several types of Magnesium Diboride Josephson junctions, including MgB2/I/Pb heterojunctions and all-MgB2 junctions. We will report on the I-V and dI/dV-V data collected at various temperatures using both a cryocooler-based experimental platform between 2 and 20 Kelvin and using a 3He probe platform between 0.3 and 1.0 Kelvin. These were both developed by undergraduates in a liberal arts university. Using high-sampling rates with a 24-bit data acquisition card and access to a broad of range of temperatures, we track and report energy gap distributions and temperature-dependent features of dI/dV peaks of MgB2, comparing these with theoretical predictions. R.C.R. acknowledges support from National Science Foundation Grant # DMR-1206561.

AXAF VETA-I mirror ring focus measurements

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Tananbaum, H. D.; Zhao, P.

1994-01-01

The AXAF VETA-I mirror ring focus measurements were made with an HRI (microchannel plate) X-ray detector. The ring focus is a sharply focused ring formed by X-rays before they reach the VEAT-I focal plane. It is caused by spherical aberrations due to the finite source distance and the despace in the VETA-I test. The ring focus test reveals some aspects fo the test system distortions and the mirror surface figure which are difficult or impossible to detect at the focal plane. The test results show periodic modulations of the ring radius and width which could be caused by gravity, thermal, and/or epoxy shrinkage distortions. The strongest component of the modulation had a 12-fold symmetry, because these distortions were exerted on the mirror through 12 flexures of the VETA-I mount. Ring focus models were developed to simulate the ring image. The models were compared with the data to understand the test system distortions and the mirror glass imperfection. Further studies will be done to complete this work. The ring focus measurement is a very powerful test. We expect that a similar test for the finally assembled mirror of AXAD-I will be highly valuable.

PA-6 inhibits inward rectifier currents carried by V93I and D172N gain-of-function KIR2.1 channels, but increases channel protein expression.

PubMed

Ji, Yuan; Veldhuis, Marlieke G; Zandvoort, Jantien; Romunde, Fee L; Houtman, Marien J C; Duran, Karen; van Haaften, Gijs; Zangerl-Plessl, Eva-Maria; Takanari, Hiroki; Stary-Weinzinger, Anna; van der Heyden, Marcel A G

2017-07-15

The inward rectifier potassium current I K1 contributes to a stable resting membrane potential and phase 3 repolarization of the cardiac action potential. KCNJ2 gain-of-function mutations V93I and D172N associate with increased I K1 , short QT syndrome type 3 and congenital atrial fibrillation. Pentamidine-Analogue 6 (PA-6) is an efficient (IC 50  = 14 nM with inside-out patch clamp methodology) and specific I K1 inhibitor that interacts with the cytoplasmic pore region of the K IR 2.1 ion channel, encoded by KCNJ2. At 10 μM, PA-6 increases wild-type (WT) K IR 2.1 expression in HEK293T cells upon chronic treatment. We hypothesized that PA-6 will interact with and inhibit V93I and D172N K IR 2.1 channels, whereas impact on channel expression at the plasma membrane requires higher concentrations. Molecular modelling was performed with the human K IR 2.1 closed state homology model using FlexX. WT and mutant K IR 2.1 channels were expressed in HEK293 cells. Patch-clamp single cell electrophysiology measurements were performed in the whole cell and inside-out mode of the patch clamp method. K IR 2.1 expression level and localization were determined by western blot analysis and immunofluorescence microscopy, respectively. PA-6 docking in the V93I/D172N double mutant homology model of K IR 2.1 demonstrated that mutations and drug-binding site are >30 Å apart. PA-6 inhibited WT and V93I outward currents with similar potency (IC 50  = 35.5 and 43.6 nM at +50 mV for WT and V93I), whereas D172N currents were less sensitive (IC 50  = 128.9 nM at +50 mV) using inside-out patch-clamp electrophysiology. In whole cell mode, 1 μM of PA-6 inhibited outward I K1 at -50 mV by 28 ± 36%, 18 ± 20% and 10 ± 6%, for WT, V93I and D172N channels respectively. Western blot analysis demonstrated that PA-6 (5 μM, 24 h) increased K IR 2.1 expression levels of WT (6.3 ± 1.5 fold), and V93I (3.9 ± 0.9) and D172N (4.8 ± 2.0) mutants. Immunofluorescent

V.I.K. (Very Important Kids): A School-Based Program Designed to Reduce Teasing and Unhealthy Weight-Control Behaviors

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Haines, Jess; Neumark-Sztainer, Dianne; Perry, Cheryl L.; Hannan, Peter J.; Levine, Michael P.

2006-01-01

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the feasibility and effectiveness of V.I.K. (Very Important Kids), a school-based, multi-component intervention designed to prevent teasing and unhealthy weight-control behaviors among fourth through sixth grade students. The effectiveness of the V.I.K. intervention was evaluated using a pre-post…

Isotopic measurements of the cosmic ray nuclei at 1.7 GeV/n and 0.5 GeV/n

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Juliusson, E.

1975-01-01

Results are presented on the mean isotopic composition of cosmic ray nuclei, or the average neutron excess for the elements Be to Si. At 1.7 GeV/nucleon they have been obtained by comparing the abundances measured above a rigidity threshold at Palestine, Texas, with abundances measured above an equivalent velocity threshold at Cape Girardeau Missouri. At 0.5 GeV/nucleon the results are obtained by analysing the variation in the chemical composition with energy in the energy region around the geomagnetic cut-off.

Measurements of $$\\sigma(V+D^{*})/\\sigma(V)$$ in $9.7$ fb$$^{-1}$$ at CDF Run II

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Matera, Keith

2014-01-01

The Standard Model of particle physics has been remarkably successful, but the non-perturbative features of quantum chromodynamics must be tested and modeled with data. There have been many such tests, focused primarily on the use of jet-based probes of heavy flavor (bottom and charm quark) production at hadron colliders. In this thesis, we propose and test a strategy for identifying heavy flavor in events containing a W or Z vector boson (a V boson); this technique probes a much lower energy regime than can be explored by jet-based methods. In a sample of W and Z events skimmed from 9.7more » fb -1 of high- pT electron and muon data from CDF Run II p p collisions at center of mass energy √s = 1:96 GeV , we identify charm by fully reconstructing D* (2010) → D 0(→ Kπ )π s decays at the track level. Using a binned fit of Δm=m(Kππ s) m(Kπ ) to count reconstructed D* candidates, we then unfold these raw counts with acceptance values derived from Monte Carlo, and present measurements of σ(W + D* )/ σ(W) and σ(Z + D* )/ σ(Z) in the W/Z leptonic decay channels. All measurements are found to be in agreement with the predictions of Pythia 6.2 (PDF set CTEQ5L). These results include the first measurement of W/Z + c production in events with zero jet objects at the Tevatron, and the first measurement of W/Z +c production with p T (c) < 15 GeV at the Tevatron.« less

The cosmic ray energy spectrum in the range 1016-1018 eV measured by KASCADE-Grande

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bertaina, M.; Apel, W. D.; Arteaga-Velázquez, J. C.; Bekk, K.; Blümer, J.; Bozdog, H.; Brancus, I. M.; Buchholz, P.; Cantoni, E.; Chiavassa, A.; Cossavella, F.; Daumiller, K.; de Souza, V.; di Pierro, F.; Doll, P.; Engel, R.; Engler, J.; Finger, M.; Fuhrmann, D.; Ghia, P. L.; Gils, H. J.; Glasstetter, R.; Grupen, C.; Haungs, A.; Heck, D.; Hörandel, J. R.; Huege, T.; Isar, P. G.; Kampert, K.-H.; Kang, D.; Kickelbick, D.; Klages, H. O.; Link, K.; Łuczak, P.; Ludwig, M.; Mathes, H. J.; Mayer, H. J.; Melissas, M.; Milke, J.; Mitrica, B.; Morello, C.; Navarra, G.; Nehls, S.; Oehlschläger, J.; Ostapchenko, S.; Over, S.; Palmieri, N.; Petcu, M.; Pierog, T.; Rebel, H.; Roth, M.; Schieler, H.; Schröder, F.; Sima, O.; Toma, G.; Trinchero, G. C.; Ulrich, H.; Weindl, A.; Wochele, J.; Wommer, M.; Zabierowski, J.

2011-06-01

The KASCADE-Grande experiment, located at Campus North of the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (Germany) is a multi-component extensive air-shower experiment devoted to the study of cosmic rays and their interactions at primary energies 1014-1018 eV. One of the main goals of the experiment is the measurement of the all particle energy spectrum in the 1016-1018 eV range, i.e. extending the range accessible by KASCADE alone. The Grande detector samples the charged component (Nch) of the air shower while the original KASCADE array provides in addition a measurement of the muon component (Nμ). The combined information of Nch and Nμ is used to estimate the energy on an event-by-event basis and to derive the all-particle energy spectrum. Since the calibration of the observables in terms of the primary energy depends on Monte Carlo simulations, three different methods with partially different sources of uncertainties, have been considered and compared to each other to derive the systematics on the energy spectrum. The different methods employed to derive the spectrum and their uncertainties, as well as the implications of the obtained result, are discussed in detail.

Actions of Agonists, Fipronil and Ivermectin on the Predominant In Vivo Splice and Edit Variant (RDLbd, I/V) of the Drosophila GABA Receptor Expressed in Xenopus laevis Oocytes

PubMed Central

Suwanmanee, Siros; Buckingham, Steven David; Biggin, Philip; Sattelle, David

2014-01-01

Ionotropic GABA receptors are the targets for several classes of insecticides. One of the most widely-studied insect GABA receptors is RDL (resistance to dieldrin), originally isolated from Drosophila melanogaster. RDL undergoes alternative splicing and RNA editing, which influence the potency of GABA. Most work has focussed on minority isoforms. Here, we report the first characterisation of the predominant native splice variant and RNA edit, combining functional characterisation with molecular modelling of the agonist-binding region. The relative order of agonist potency is GABA> muscimol> TACA> β-alanine. The I/V edit does not alter the potency of GABA compared to RDLbd. Docking calculations suggest that these agonists bind and activate RDLbdI/V through a similar binding mode. TACA and β-alanine are predicted to bind with lower affinity than GABA, potentially explaining their lower potency, whereas the lower potency of muscimol and isoguvacine cannot be explained structurally from the docking calculations. The A301S (resistance to dieldrin) mutation reduced the potency of antagonists picrotoxin, fipronil and pyrafluprole but the I/V edit had no measurable effect. Ivermectin suppressed responses to GABA of RDLbdI/V, RDLbd and RDLbdI/VA301S. The dieldrin resistant variant also showed reduced sensitivity to Ivermectin. This study of a highly abundant insect GABA receptor isoform will help the design of new insecticides. PMID:24823815

Behavior Characteristics of Type I (75/25) Octol during Melt Pouring HE Warhead M250 (Chaparral)

DTIC Science & Technology

1979-09-01

COVERED BEHAVIOR CHARACTERISTICS OF TYPE 1 (75/25) "OCTOL DURING MELT POURING HE WARHEAD I M250 (CHAPARRAL) 6. PERFORMING ORG. APrPORT NUMBER 7. AUTHOR...Military Specification, HMX, MIL-H-45444B, Amendment 2, dated 12 July 1977. 4 6. Military Specification, Warhead, Guided Missile, HE, M250 , Loading...CHARACTERISTICS OF TYPE i (75/25) OCTOL DURING MELT POURING HE WARHEAD M250 (CHAPARRAL) HERMAN J. FRIGAND SEPTEMBER 1979 US ARMY ARMAMENT RESEARCH AND

Probing midrapidity source characteristics with charged particles and neutrons in the 35Cl+natTa reaction at 43 MeV/nucleon

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Larochelle, Y.; St-Pierre, C.; Beaulieu, L.; Colonna, N.; Gingras, L.; Ball, G. C.; Bowman, D. R.; Colonna, M.; D'erasmo, G.; Fiore, E.; Fox, D.; Galindo-Uribarri, A.; Hagberg, E.; Horn, D.; Laforest, R.; Pantaleo, A.; Roy, R.; Tagliente, G.

1999-02-01

The characteristics of the midrapidity and target sources (apparent temperatures, velocities, and neutron multiplicities) extracted from the neutron energy spectra, have been measured for various quasiprojectile (QP) excitation energies, reconstructed from charged particles of well defined peripheral events in the 35Cl+natTa reaction at 43 MeV/nucleon. The reconstructed excitation energy of the QP is always smaller than the excitation energy calculated from its velocity, assuming pure dissipative binary collision. The latter observation combined with the neutron multiplicity at midrapidity and the apparent temperature suggests important preequilibrium and/or dynamical effects in the entrance channel. The midrapidity source moves at a velocity lower than the nucleon-nucleon center of mass velocity showing the importance of the attractive mean-field potential from the target even at 43 MeV/nucleon. The above picture is confirmed by comparison to Boltzman-Nordheim-Vlasov (BNV) simulations.

Study on strontium isotope abundance-ratio measurements by using a 13-MeV proton beam

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jeong, Cheol-Ki; Jang, Han; Lee, Goung-Jin

2016-09-01

The Rb-Sr dating method is used in dating Paleozoic and Precambrian rocks. This method measures the 87Rb and the 87Sr concentrations by using thermal ionization mass spectrometry (TIMS) [J. Hefne et al., Inter. J. Phys. Sci. 3(1), 28 (2008)]. In addition, it calculates the initial 87Sr/86Sr ratio to increase the reliability of Rb-Sr dating. In this study, the 87Sr/86Sr ratio was measured by using a 13-MeV proton accelerator. Proton kinetic energies are in the range of tens of megaelectronvolts, and protons have large absorption cross-sections for ( p, n) reactions with most substances. After absorbing a proton with such a high kinetic energy, an element is converted into a nuclide with its atomic number increased by one via nuclear transmutation. These nuclides usually have short half-lives and return to the original state through radioactive decay. When a strontium sample is irradiated with protons, nuclear transmutation occurs; thus, the strontium isotope present in the sample changes to a yttrium isotope, which is an activated radioisotope. Based on this, the 87Sr/86Sr ratio was calculated by analyzing the gamma-rays emitted by each yttrium isotope. The KIRAMS-13 cyclotron at the Cyclotron Center of Chosun University, where 13-MeV protons can be extracted, was utilized in our experiment. The 87Sr/86Sr isotope ratio was computed for samples irradiated with these protons, and the result was similar to the isotope ratio for the Standard Reference Material, i.e., 98.2 ± 3.4%. As part of the analysis, proton activation analyses were performed using 13-MeV protons, and the experimental results of this research suggest a possible approach for measuring the strontium-isotope abundance ratio of samples.

Measurement of Thick Target Neutron Yields at 0-Degree Bombarded With 140-MeV, 250-MeV And 350-MeV Protons

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Iwamoto, Yosuke; /JAERI, Kyoto; Taniguchi, Shingo

Neutron energy spectra at 0{sup o} produced from stopping-length graphite, aluminum, iron and lead targets bombarded with 140, 250 and 350 MeV protons were measured at the neutron TOF course in RCNP of Osaka University. The neutron energy spectra were obtained by using the time-of-flight technique in the energy range from 10 MeV to incident proton energy. To compare the experimental results, Monte Carlo calculations with the PHITS and MCNPX codes were performed using the JENDL-HE and the LA150 evaluated nuclear data files, the ISOBAR model implemented in PHITS, and the LAHET code in MCNPX. It was found that thesemore » calculated results at 0{sup o} generally agreed with the experimental results in the energy range above 20 MeV except for graphite at 250 and 350 MeV.« less

Anomalous I-V curve for mono-atomic carbon chains

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Song, Bo; Sanvito, Stefano; Fang, Haiping

2010-10-01

The electronic transport properties of mono-atomic carbon chains were studied theoretically using a combination of density functional theory and the non-equilibrium Green's functions method. The I-V curves for the chains composed of an even number of atoms and attached to gold electrodes through sulfur exhibit two plateaus where the current becomes bias independent. In contrast, when the number of carbon atoms in the chain is odd, the electric current simply increases monotonically with bias. This peculiar behavior is attributed to dimerization of the chains, directly resulting from their one-dimensional nature. The finding is expected to be helpful in designing molecular devices, such as carbon-chain-based transistors and sensors, for nanoscale and biological applications.

Soft X-ray spectrometer design for warm dense plasma measurements on DARHT Axis-I

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Ramey, Nicholas Bryan; Perry, John Oliver; Coleman, Joshua Eugene

2017-07-11

A preliminary design study is being performed on a soft X-ray spectrometer to measure K-shell spectra emitted by a warm dense plasma generated on Axis-I of the Dual-Axis Radiographic Hydrodynamic Testing (DARHT) facility at Los Alamos National Laboratory. The 100-ns-long intense, relativistic electron pulse with a beam current of 1.7 kA and energy of 19.8 MeV deposits energy into a thin metal foil heating it to a warm dense plasma. The collisional ionization of the target by the electron beam produces an anisotropic angular distribution of K-shell radiation and a continuum of both scattered electrons and Bremsstrahlung up to themore » beam energy of 19.8 MeV. The principal goal of this project is to characterize these angular distributions to determine the optimal location to deploy the soft X-ray spectrometer. In addition, a proof-of-principle design will be presented. The ultimate goal of the spectrometer is to obtain measurements of the plasma temperature and density to benchmark equation-of-state models of the warm dense matter regime.« less

Low-temperature hydrogen absorption into V and Nb metals from liquid hydrogen

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Takata, H.; Ienaga, K.; Shiga, M.; Islam, Md S.; Inagaki, Y.; Tsujii, H.; Hashizume, K.; Kawae, T.

2018-03-01

We report experimental study on low-temperature hydrogen (H) absorption in vanadium (V) and niobium (Nb) nanocontacts below T = 20 K using a point-contact spectroscopy (PCS) technique. When a small bias voltage is applied between both sides of nanocontacts immersed in liquid H2, the differential conductance (dI/dV) and the second derivative (d2 I/dV 2) are changed from those for pure V and Nb nanocontacts. Further, the spectra approach to those for a high concentrated phase of H with increasing the bias voltage. The results indicate that in-situ investigation of H absorption process from liquid H2 is possible through dI/dV and d2 I/dV 2 measurements using the PCS technique.

Pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of spectinomycin after i.v., i.m., s.c. and oral administration in broiler chickens.

PubMed

Abu-Basha, E A; Gehring, R; Albwa'neh, S J

2007-04-01

A pharmacokinetic and bioavailability study of spectinomycin was conducted in healthy broiler chickens following administration of a single (50 mg/kg bw) intravenous (i.v.), intramuscular (i.m.) and subcutaneous (s.c.) dose and oral doses of 50 and 100 mg/kg bw. Following i.v. administration, the elimination half-life (t1/2beta), mean residence time (MRT), volume of distribution at steady-state (Vd(ss)), volume of distribution based on the terminal phase (Vd(z)) and total body clearance (ClB) were 1.46+/-1.10 h, 1.61+/-1.05 h, 0.26+/-0.009 L/kg, 0.34 (0.30-0.38) L/kg and 2.68+/-0.017 mL/min/kg respectively. After i.m. and s.c. dosing, the Cmax was 152.76+/-1.08 and 99.77+/-1.04 microg/mL, achieved at 0.25 (0.25-0.50) and 0.25 (0.25-1.00) h, the t1/2beta was 1.65+/-1.07 and 2.03+/-1.06 h and the absolute bioavailability (F) was 136.1% and 128.8% respectively. A significant difference in Cmax (5.13+/-0.10, 14.26+/-1.12 microg/mL), t1/2beta (3.74+/-1.07, 8.93+/-1.13 h) and ClB/F (22.69+/-0.018, 10.14+/-0.018 mL/min/kg) were found between the two oral doses (50 and 100 mg/kg bw respectively), but there were no differences in the tmax [2.00 (2.00-4.00), 2.00 (2.00-2.00) h] and Vd(z)/F [6.95 (6.34-9.06), 7.98 (4.75-10.62) L/kg). The absolute bioavailability (F) of spectinomycin was 11.8% and 26.4% after oral administration of 50 and 100 mg/kg bw respectively.

Determination of bulk and interface density of states in metal oxide semiconductor thin-film transistors by using capacitance-voltage characteristics

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wei, Xixiong; Deng, Wanling; Fang, Jielin; Ma, Xiaoyu; Huang, Junkai

2017-10-01

A physical-based straightforward extraction technique for interface and bulk density of states in metal oxide semiconductor thin film transistors (TFTs) is proposed by using the capacitance-voltage (C-V) characteristics. The interface trap density distribution with energy has been extracted from the analysis of capacitance-voltage characteristics. Using the obtained interface state distribution, the bulk trap density has been determined. With this method, for the interface trap density, it is found that deep state density nearing the mid-gap is approximately constant and tail states density increases exponentially with energy; for the bulk trap density, it is a superposition of exponential deep states and exponential tail states. The validity of the extraction is verified by comparisons with the measured current-voltage (I-V) characteristics and the simulation results by the technology computer-aided design (TCAD) model. This extraction method uses non-numerical iteration which is simple, fast and accurate. Therefore, it is very useful for TFT device characterization.

Emissions of organic compounds from produced water ponds I: Characteristics and speciation.

PubMed

Lyman, Seth N; Mansfield, Marc L; Tran, Huy N Q; Evans, Jordan D; Jones, Colleen; O'Neil, Trevor; Bowers, Ric; Smith, Ann; Keslar, Cara

2018-04-01

We measured fluxes of methane, a suite of non-methane hydrocarbons (C2-C11), light alcohols, and carbon dioxide from oil and gas produced water storage and disposal ponds in Utah (Uinta Basin) and Wyoming (Upper Green River Basin) United States during 2013-2016. In this paper, we discuss the characteristics of produced water composition and air-water fluxes, with a focus on flux chamber measurements. In companion papers, we will (1) report on inverse modeling methods used to estimate emissions from produced water ponds, including comparisons with flux chamber measurements, and (2) discuss the development of mass transfer coefficients to estimate emissions and place emissions from produced water ponds in the context of all regional oil and gas-related emissions. Alcohols (made up mostly of methanol) were the most abundant organic compound group in produced water (91% of total volatile organic concentration, with upper and lower 95% confidence levels of 89 and 93%) but accounted for only 34% (28 to 41%) of total organic compound fluxes from produced water ponds. Non-methane hydrocarbons, which are much less water-soluble than methanol and less abundant in produced water, accounted for the majority of emitted organics. C6-C9 alkanes and aromatics dominated hydrocarbon fluxes, perhaps because lighter hydrocarbons had already volatilized from produced water prior to its arrival in storage or disposal ponds, while heavier hydrocarbons are less water soluble and less volatile. Fluxes of formaldehyde and other carbonyls were low (1% (1 to 2%) of total organic compound flux). The speciation and magnitude of fluxes varied strongly across the facilities measured and with the amount of time water had been exposed to the atmosphere. The presence or absence of ice also impacted fluxes. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

5 MeV Mott polarimeter for rapid precise electron beam polarization measurements

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Price, J.S.; Poelker, B.M.; Sinclair, C.K.

1997-11-01

Low energy (E{sub k} = 100 keV) Mott scattering polarimeters are ill-suited to support operations foreseen for the polarized electron injector at Jefferson Lab. One solution is to measure the polarization at 5 MeV where multiple and plural scattering are unimportant and precision beam monitoring is straightforward. The higher injector beam current offsets the lower cross-sections; measured rates scale to 1 kHz/{mu}A with a 1 {mu}m thick gold target foil.

Analysis of switching characteristics for negative capacitance ultra-thin-body germanium-on-insulator MOSFETs

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Pi-Ho Hu, Vita; Chiu, Pin-Chieh

2018-04-01

The impact of device parameters on the switching characteristics of negative capacitance ultra-thin-body (UTB) germanium-on-insulator (NC-GeOI) MOSFETs is analyzed. NC-GeOI MOSFETs with smaller gate length (L g), EOT, and buried oxide thickness (T box) and thicker ferroelectric layer thickness (T FE) exhibit larger subthreshold swing improvements over GeOI MOSFETs due to better capacitance matching. Compared with GeOI MOSFETs, NC-GeOI MOSFETs exhibit better switching time due to improvements in effective drive current (I eff) and subthreshold swing. NC-GeOI MOSFET exhibits larger ST improvements at V dd = 0.3 V (-82.9%) than at V dd = 0.86 V (-9.7%), because NC-GeOI MOSFET shows 18.2 times higher I eff than the GeOI MOSFET at V dd = 0.3 V, while 2.5 times higher I eff at V dd = 0.86 V. This work provides the device design guideline of NC-GeOI MOSFETs for ultra-low power applications.

A precise measurement of 180 GeV muon energy losses in iron

DOE PAGES

Amaral, P.

2001-05-28

The energy loss spectrum of 180 GeV muons has been measured with the 5.6 m long finely segmented Module 0 of the ATLAS hadron Tile Calorimeter at the CERN SPS. The differential probability dP/dv per radiation length of a fractional energy loss v = ΔΕ μ/Ε μ has been measured in the range 0.025 ≤ v ≤ 0.97; it is compared with theoretical predictions for energy losses due to bremsstrahlung, production of electron-positron pairs, and energetic knock-on electrons. The iron elastic form factor correction Δmore » $$el\\atop{Fe}$$ = 1.63 ± 0.17 stat ± 0.23 Syst ± $$0.20\\atop{0.14}$$ theor to muon bremsstrahlung in the region of no screening of the nucleus by atomic electrons has been measured for the first time, and is compared with different theoretical predictions.« less

30 CFR 57.22212 - Air flow (I-C, II-A, and V-A mines).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... Standards for Methane in Metal and Nonmetal Mines Ventilation § 57.22212 Air flow (I-C, II-A, and V-A mines). Air flow across each working face shall be sufficient to carry away any accumulation of methane, smoke...

Characterization and validation of new tools for measuring site-specific cardiac troponin I phosphorylation.