DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Wang, Hao; Gearhart, Jared; Jones, Katherine

This study presents a probabilistic origin–destination table for waterborne containerized imports. The analysis makes use of 2012 Port Import/Export Reporting Service data, 2012 Surface Transportation Board waybill data, a gravity model, and information on the landside transportation mode split associated with specific ports. This analysis suggests that about 70% of the origin–destination table entries have a coefficient of variation of less than 20%. This 70% of entries is associated with about 78% of the total volume. This analysis also makes evident the importance of rail interchange points in Chicago, Illinois; Memphis, Tennessee; Dallas, Texas; and Kansas City, Missouri, in supportingmore » the transportation of containerized goods from Asia through West Coast ports to the eastern United States.« less

1. GENERAL VIEW OF WEST FACE OF ENTRY CONTROL POINT ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

1. GENERAL VIEW OF WEST FACE OF ENTRY CONTROL POINT (BLDG. 768) SHOWING RELATIVE POSITION TO TECHNICAL SUPPORT BUILDING (BLDG. 762/762A) AND SLC-3 AIR FORCE BUILDING (BLDG. 761) - Vandenberg Air Force Base, Space Launch Complex 3, Entry Control Point, Napa & Alden Roads, Lompoc, Santa Barbara County, CA

Imported Chikungunya Virus Strains, Taiwan, 2006–2014

PubMed Central

Yang, Cheng-Fen; Su, Chien-Ling; Hsu, Tung-Chien; Chang, Shu-Fen; Lin, Chien-Chou

2016-01-01

We identified 78 imported chikungunya cases in Taiwan during 2006–2014. Sixty-six (84.6%) cases were initially suspected to be dengue, which indicates the necessity for laboratory diagnostics in differentiation between dengue and chikungunya. Results also emphasize the need for active surveillance of febrile illness at points of entry. PMID:27767908

Origin of bistability underlying mammalian cell cycle entry

PubMed Central

Yao, Guang; Tan, Cheemeng; West, Mike; Nevins, Joseph R; You, Lingchong

2011-01-01

Precise control of cell proliferation is fundamental to tissue homeostasis and differentiation. Mammalian cells commit to proliferation at the restriction point (R-point). It has long been recognized that the R-point is tightly regulated by the Rb–E2F signaling pathway. Our recent work has further demonstrated that this regulation is mediated by a bistable switch mechanism. Nevertheless, the essential regulatory features in the Rb–E2F pathway that create this switching property have not been defined. Here we analyzed a library of gene circuits comprising all possible link combinations in a simplified Rb–E2F network. We identified a minimal circuit that is able to generate robust, resettable bistability. This minimal circuit contains a feed-forward loop coupled with a mutual-inhibition feedback loop, which forms an AND-gate control of the E2F activation. Underscoring its importance, experimental disruption of this circuit abolishes maintenance of the activated E2F state, supporting its importance for the bistability of the Rb–E2F system. Our findings suggested basic design principles for the robust control of the bistable cell cycle entry at the R-point. PMID:21525871

Estimation of an origin–destination table for U.S. imports of waterborne containerized freight

DOE PAGES

Wang, Hao; Gearhart, Jared; Jones, Katherine; ...

2016-01-01

This study presents a probabilistic origin–destination table for waterborne containerized imports. The analysis makes use of 2012 Port Import/Export Reporting Service data, 2012 Surface Transportation Board waybill data, a gravity model, and information on the landside transportation mode split associated with specific ports. This analysis suggests that about 70% of the origin–destination table entries have a coefficient of variation of less than 20%. This 70% of entries is associated with about 78% of the total volume. This analysis also makes evident the importance of rail interchange points in Chicago, Illinois; Memphis, Tennessee; Dallas, Texas; and Kansas City, Missouri, in supportingmore » the transportation of containerized goods from Asia through West Coast ports to the eastern United States.« less

Can surface electromyography improve surgery planning? Electromyographic assessment and intraoperative verification of the nerve bundle entry point location of the gracilis muscle.

PubMed

Romaniszyn, Michal; Walega, Piotr; Nowakowski, Michal; Nowak, Wojciech

2016-06-01

To verify the precision of surface electromyography (sEMG) in locating the innervation zone of the gracilis muscle, by comparing the location of the IZ estimated by means of sEMG with in vivo location of the nerve bundle entry point in patients before graciloplasty procedure due to fecal incontinence. Nine patients who qualified for the graciloplasty procedure underwent sEMG on both gracilis muscle before their operations. During surgery the nerve bundle was identified by means of electrical stimulation. The distance between the proximal attachment and the nerve entry point into the muscle's body was measured. Both measurements (sEMG and in vivo identification) were compared for each subject. On average, the IZ was located 65.5mm from the proximal attachment. The mean difference in location of the innervation zones in each individual was 10±9.7mm, maximal - 30mm, the difference being statistically significant (p=0.017). It was intraoperatively confirmed, that the nerve entered the muscle an average of 62mm from the proximal attachment. The largest difference between the EMG IZ estimation and nerve bundle entry point was 5mm (mean difference 2.8mm, p=0.767). Preoperative surface electromyography of both gracilis muscles is a safe, precise and reliable method of assessing the location of the innervation zones of the gracilis muscles. The asymmetry of the IZ location in left and right muscles may be important in context of technical aspects of the graciloplasty procedure. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Explaining Achievement in Higher Education

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Jansen, Ellen P. W. A.; Bruinsma, Marjon

2005-01-01

This research project investigated the relationship between students' pre-entry characteristics, perceptions of the learning environment, reported work discipline, the use of deep information processing strategies, and academic achievement. Ability measured by grade-point average in pre-university education was the most important predictor of…

33 CFR 161.18 - Reporting requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... call. H HOTEL Date, time and point of entry system Entry time expressed as in (B) and into the entry... KILO Date, time and point of exit from system Exit time expressed as in (B) and exit position expressed....; for a dredge or floating plant: configuration of pipeline, mooring configuration, number of assist...

Prediction of the Aerothermodynamic Environment of the Huygens Probe

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hollis, Brian R.; Striepe, Scott A.; Wright, Michael J.; Bose, Deepak; Sutton, Kenneth; Takashima, Naruhisa

2005-01-01

An investigation of the aerothermodynamic environment of the Huygens entry probe has been conducted. A Monte Carlo simulation of the trajectory of the probe during entry into Titan's atmosphere was performed to identify a worst-case heating rate trajectory. Flowfield and radiation transport computations were performed at points along this trajectory to obtain convective and radiative heat-transfer distributions on the probe's heat shield. This investigation identified important physical and numerical factors, including atmospheric CH4 concentration, transition to turbulence, numerical diffusion modeling, and radiation modeling, which strongly influenced the aerothermodynamic environment.

Supporting Disciplinary Talk from the Start of School: Teaching Students to Think and Talk Like Scientists

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wright, Tanya S.; Gotwals, Amelia Wenk

2017-01-01

In this article, the authors first review the research literature to show why supporting talk from the start of school is important for students' long-term literacy development. The authors then define and describe disciplinary talk and argue that it is an important entry point into science and disciplinary literacy learning for young students.…

Satellite Re-entry Modeling and Uncertainty Quantification

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Horsley, M.

2012-09-01

LEO trajectory modeling is a fundamental aerospace capability and has applications in many areas of aerospace, such as maneuver planning, sensor scheduling, re-entry prediction, collision avoidance, risk analysis, and formation flying. Somewhat surprisingly, modeling the trajectory of an object in low Earth orbit is still a challenging task. This is primarily due to the large uncertainty in the upper atmospheric density, about 15-20% (1-sigma) for most thermosphere models. Other contributions come from our inability to precisely model future solar and geomagnetic activities, the potentially unknown shape, material construction and attitude history of the satellite, and intermittent, noisy tracking data. Current methods to predict a satellite's re-entry trajectory typically involve making a single prediction, with the uncertainty dealt with in an ad-hoc manner, usually based on past experience. However, due to the extreme speed of a LEO satellite, even small uncertainties in the re-entry time translate into a very large uncertainty in the location of the re-entry event. Currently, most methods simply update the re-entry estimate on a regular basis. This results in a wide range of estimates that are literally spread over the entire globe. With no understanding of the underlying distribution of potential impact points, the sequence of impact points predicted by the current methodology are largely useless until just a few hours before re-entry. This paper will discuss the development of a set of the High Performance Computing (HPC)-based capabilities to support near real-time quantification of the uncertainty inherent in uncontrolled satellite re-entries. An appropriate management of the uncertainties is essential for a rigorous treatment of the re-entry/LEO trajectory problem. The development of HPC-based tools for re-entry analysis is important as it will allow a rigorous and robust approach to risk assessment by decision makers in an operational setting. Uncertainty quantification results from the recent uncontrolled re-entry of the Phobos-Grunt satellite will be presented and discussed. This work performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344.

Window screening, ceilings and closed eaves as sustainable ways to control malaria in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania

PubMed Central

Ogoma, Sheila B; Kannady, Khadija; Sikulu, Maggy; Chaki, Prosper P; Govella, Nicodem J; Mukabana, Wolfgang R; Killeen, Gerry F

2009-01-01

Background Malaria transmission in Africa occurs predominantly inside houses where the primary vectors prefer to feed. Human preference and investment in blocking of specific entry points for mosquitoes into houses was evaluated and compared with known entry point preferences of the mosquitoes themselves. Methods Cross-sectional household surveys were conducted in urban Dar es Salaam, Tanzania to estimate usage levels of available options for house proofing against mosquito entry, namely window screens, ceilings and blocking of eaves. These surveys also enabled evaluation of household expenditure on screens and ceilings and the motivation behind their installation. Results Over three quarters (82.8%) of the 579 houses surveyed in Dar es Salaam had window screens, while almost half (48.9%) had ceilings. Prevention of mosquito entry was cited as a reason for installation of window screens and ceilings by 91.4% (394/431) and 55.7% (127/228) of respondents, respectively, but prevention of malaria was rarely cited (4.3%, 22/508). The median cost of window screens was between US $ 21-30 while that of ceilings was between US $301-400. The market value of insecticide-treated nets, window screening and ceilings currently in use in the city was estimated as 2, 5 and 42 million US$. More than three quarters of the respondents that lacked them said it was too expensive to install ceilings (82.2%) or window screens (75.5%). Conclusion High coverage and spending on screens and ceilings implies that these techniques are highly acceptable and excellent uptake can be achieved in urban settings like Dar es Salaam. Effective models for promotion and subsidization should be developed and evaluated, particularly for installation of ceilings that prevent entry via the eaves, which are the most important entry point for mosquitoes that cause malaria, a variety of neglected tropical diseases and the nuisance which motivates uptake. PMID:19785779

Window screening, ceilings and closed eaves as sustainable ways to control malaria in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.

PubMed

Ogoma, Sheila B; Kannady, Khadija; Sikulu, Maggy; Chaki, Prosper P; Govella, Nicodem J; Mukabana, Wolfgang R; Killeen, Gerry F

2009-09-29

Malaria transmission in Africa occurs predominantly inside houses where the primary vectors prefer to feed. Human preference and investment in blocking of specific entry points for mosquitoes into houses was evaluated and compared with known entry point preferences of the mosquitoes themselves. Cross-sectional household surveys were conducted in urban Dar es Salaam, Tanzania to estimate usage levels of available options for house proofing against mosquito entry, namely window screens, ceilings and blocking of eaves. These surveys also enabled evaluation of household expenditure on screens and ceilings and the motivation behind their installation. Over three quarters (82.8%) of the 579 houses surveyed in Dar es Salaam had window screens, while almost half (48.9%) had ceilings. Prevention of mosquito entry was cited as a reason for installation of window screens and ceilings by 91.4% (394/431) and 55.7% (127/228) of respondents, respectively, but prevention of malaria was rarely cited (4.3%, 22/508). The median cost of window screens was between US $ 21-30 while that of ceilings was between US $301-400. The market value of insecticide-treated nets, window screening and ceilings currently in use in the city was estimated as 2, 5 and 42 million US$. More than three quarters of the respondents that lacked them said it was too expensive to install ceilings (82.2%) or window screens (75.5%). High coverage and spending on screens and ceilings implies that these techniques are highly acceptable and excellent uptake can be achieved in urban settings like Dar es Salaam. Effective models for promotion and subsidization should be developed and evaluated, particularly for installation of ceilings that prevent entry via the eaves, which are the most important entry point for mosquitoes that cause malaria, a variety of neglected tropical diseases and the nuisance which motivates uptake.

Sarcoidal granuloma developing not only at the entry site of industrial lubricating oil, but also at a regional lymph node and entry points of venepuncture.

PubMed

Kogushi, Hazuki; Egawa, Kiyofumi; Ono, Tomomichi

2006-01-01

We describe a 40-year-old male who presented with sarcoidal granulomas not only at the entry site of an industrial lubricating oil containing silicone in the right thumb, but also in a regional lymph node and at the entry points of venepuncture in both forearms. Laboratory tests and chest X-ray showed no evidence of sarcoidosis. 2006 S. Karger AG, Basel

Multibody Parachute Flight Simulations for Planetary Entry Trajectories Using "Equilibrium Points"

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Raiszadeh, Ben

2003-01-01

A method has been developed to reduce numerical stiffness and computer CPU requirements of high fidelity multibody flight simulations involving parachutes for planetary entry trajectories. Typical parachute entry configurations consist of entry bodies suspended from a parachute, connected by flexible lines. To accurately calculate line forces and moments, the simulations need to keep track of the point where the flexible lines meet (confluence point). In previous multibody parachute flight simulations, the confluence point has been modeled as a point mass. Using a point mass for the confluence point tends to make the simulation numerically stiff, because its mass is typically much less that than the main rigid body masses. One solution for stiff differential equations is to use a very small integration time step. However, this results in large computer CPU requirements. In the method described in the paper, the need for using a mass as the confluence point has been eliminated. Instead, the confluence point is modeled using an "equilibrium point". This point is calculated at every integration step as the point at which sum of all line forces is zero (static equilibrium). The use of this "equilibrium point" has the advantage of both reducing the numerical stiffness of the simulations, and eliminating the dynamical equations associated with vibration of a lumped mass on a high-tension string.

Atlas instrumentation guided by the medial edge of the posterior arch: An anatomic and radiologic study.

PubMed

Al-Habib, Amro F; Al-Rabie, Abdulkarim; Aleissa, Sami; Albakr, Abdulrahman; Abobotain, Abdulaziz

2017-01-01

This was an interventional human cadaver study and radiological study. Atlas instrumentation is frequently involved in fusion procedures involving the craniocervical junction area. Identification of the entry point at the center of atlas lateral mass (ALM) is challenging because of its rounded posterior surface and the surrounding venous plexus. This report examines using the medial edge of atlas posterior arch (MEC1) as a fixed and reliable anatomic reference to guide the entry point of ALM screws. Fifty, normal, cervical spine computed tomography studies were reviewed. ALM screw trajectories were planned at one point along MEC1 and another point 2 mm lateral to MEC1. Free-hand ALM instrumentation was performed in ten fresh human cadavers using the 2 mm entry point, with a sagittal trajectory parallel to atlas inferior arch (IAC1); three-dimensional imaging was then performed to confirm instrumentation accuracy. The average ALM diameter was 12.35 mm. Inserting a screw using the entry point 2 mm lateral to MEC1 was closer to ALM midpoint than using the entry point along MEC1 ( P < 0.0001). Twenty ALM screws were successfully inserted in the ten cadavers. No encroachments into the spinal canal or foramen transversarium occurred. However, two screws were superiorly directed and violated the occipitocervical joint; they were not parallel to IAC1. MEC1 provides a fixed and reliable landmark for ALM instrumentation. An entry point 2 mm point lateral to MEC1 is close to ALM midpoint. IAC1 also provides a guide for the sagittal trajectory. Attention to anatomic landmarks may help reduce complications associated with atlas instrumentation but should be verified in future clinical studies.

Personalized Learning in Algebra

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Walkington, Candace; Sherman, Milan; Howell, Elizabeth

2014-01-01

Mathematical "funds of knowledge" (Civil 2007) that students bring from their community and home lives can offer entry points for concepts such as functions and rate of change, which are important "big ideas" across all grade levels (NCTM 2000). The Common Core State Standards (CCSSI 2010) ask high school students to…

22 CFR 202.2 - Shipments eligible for reimbursement of freight charges.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... and paid in transporting supplies donated to or purchased by such agencies from United States ports or... of entry in the recipient country or to points of entry in the recipient country in cases (1) of... time can be effected by the utilization of points of entry other than ports. (b) Shipments shall be...

BUD31 and Lipid Metabolism: A New Potential Therapeutic Entry Point for Myc-Driven Breast Cancer

DTIC Science & Technology

2016-02-01

AWARD NUMBER: W81XWH-14-1-0039 TITLE: BUD31 and Lipid Metabolism: A New Potential Therapeutic Entry Point for Myc-Driven Breast Cancer...TITLE AND SUBTITLE 5a. CONTRACT NUMBER BUD31 and Lipid Metabolism: A New Potential Therapeutic Entry Point for Myc-Driven Breast Cancer 5b. GRANT...To directly test the hypothesis above, we propose the following specific aims. AIM1: To determine if BUD31 interactions with lipid metabolism

INTERIOR OF ENTRY HALLWAY AND STEEL ENTRY DOOR ON SOUTH ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

INTERIOR OF ENTRY HALLWAY AND STEEL ENTRY DOOR ON SOUTH SIDE, VIEW FACING NORTHEAST. - Naval Air Station Barbers Point, Telephone Exchange, Coral Sea Road north of Bismarck Sea Road, Ewa, Honolulu County, HI

GUIDANCE FOR IMPLEMENTING A POINT-OF-USE (POU) OR POINT-OF-ENTRY (POE) TREATMENT STRATEGY FOR COMPLIANCE WITH SDWA

EPA Science Inventory

The challenges facing small drinking water systems were a major focus of the 1996 Amendments to the Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA). One way Congress sought to help systems meet these challenges was by explicitly allowing systems to install point-of-use (POU) and point-of-entry (P...

40 CFR 142.57 - Bottled water, point-of-use, and point-of-entry devices.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 23 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Bottled water, point-of-use, and point-of-entry devices. 142.57 Section 142.57 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) WATER PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) NATIONAL PRIMARY DRINKING WATER REGULATIONS IMPLEMENTATION Exemptions Issued by the Administrator § 142.57...

78 FR 76614 - Resolution of Systemically Important Financial Institutions: The Single Point of Entry Strategy

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-12-18

... banking agency or other primary financial regulatory agency; (5) retention of accounting and valuation... financial company's independent accounting firm. Additional controls may be imposed by the FDIC as... principles and applicable SEC requirements. The FDIC has consulted with the SEC regarding the accounting...

47 CFR 2.1205 - Filing of required declaration.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... Interference § 2.1205 Filing of required declaration. (a) For points of entry where electronic filing with... electronic filing with Customs is available, submit the following information to Customs when filing the... Customs for electronic filing. (i) The terms under which the device is being imported, as indicated by...

Not Just Pretty Pictures

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Norman, Rebecca R.; Roberts, Kathryn L.

2013-01-01

Informational texts are filled with graphics that support and extend the written text. These graphics may provide an alternate way to access important information, and sometimes they are the only entry point to that information. However, just being able to see the graphics does not ensure that readers are paying attention to, let alone…

Determining Readiness for Internship: A Complex Process

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Riccio, Cynthia A.; Cook, Krystal T.; Fenning, Pam; Harris, Abigail M.

2015-01-01

A recent focus within professional psychology training has been the definition of universal or core competencies deemed important for mastery by all individuals training as health service providers at key transition points in their doctoral programs (e.g., program entry, pre-practicum, pre-internship, and pre-independent practice). A related…

The point of entry contributes to the organization of exploratory behavior of rats on an open field: an example of spontaneous episodic memory.

PubMed

Nemati, Farshad; Whishaw, Ian Q

2007-08-22

The exploratory behavior of rats on an open field is organized in that animals spend disproportionate amounts of time at certain locations, termed home bases, which serve as centers for excursions. Although home bases are preferentially formed near distinctive cues, including visual cues, animals also visit and pause and move slowly, or linger, at many other locations in a test environment. In order to further examine the organization of exploratory behavior, the present study examined the influence of the point of entry on animals placed on an open field table that was illuminated either by room light or infrared light (a wavelength in which they cannot see) and near which, or on which, distinctive cues were placed. The main findings were that in both room light and infrared light tests, rats visited and lingered at the point of entry significantly more often than comparative control locations. Although the rats also visited and lingered in the vicinity of salient visual cues, the point of entry still remained a focus of visits. Finally, the preference for the point of entry increased as a function of salience of the cues marking that location. That the point of entry influences the organization of exploratory behavior is discussed in relation to the idea that the exploratory behavior of the rat is directed toward optimizing security as well as forming a spatial representation of the environment.

8. LONG VIEW OF CONCRETE FORBAY/SANDBOX FROM ENTRY POINT OF ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

8. LONG VIEW OF CONCRETE FORBAY/SANDBOX FROM ENTRY POINT OF WATER CONVEYANCE SYSTEM. VIEW TO WEST. - Tule River Hydroelectric Project, Water Conveyance System, Middle Fork Tule River, Springville, Tulare County, CA

Sonic hedgehog initiates cochlear hair cell regeneration through downregulation of retinoblastoma protein

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Lu, Na; Department of Otolaryngology and Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School and Eaton Peabody Laboratory, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, MA 02114; Chen, Yan

Highlights: Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Shh activation in neonatal cochleae enhances sensory cell proliferation. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Proliferating supporting cells can transdifferentiate into hair cells. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Shh promotes proliferation by transiently modulating pRb activity. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Shh inhibits pRb by inhibiting transcription and increasing phosphorylation of pRb. -- Abstract: Cell cycle re-entry by cochlear supporting cells and/or hair cells is considered one of the best approaches for restoring hearing loss as a result of hair cell damage. To identify mechanisms that can be modulated to initiate cell cycle re-entry and hair cell regeneration, we studied the effect of activating the sonic hedgehog (Shh) pathway. We showmore » that Shh signaling in postnatal rat cochleae damaged by neomycin leads to renewed proliferation of supporting cells and hair cells. Further, proliferating supporting cells are likely to transdifferentiate into hair cells. Shh treatment leads to inhibition of retinoblastoma protein (pRb) by increasing phosphorylated pRb and reducing retinoblastoma gene transcription. This results in upregulation of cyclins B1, D2, and D3, and CDK1. These results suggest that Shh signaling induces cell cycle re-entry in cochlear sensory epithelium and the production of new hair cells, in part by attenuating pRb function. This study provides an additional route to modulate pRb function with important implications in mammalian hair cell regeneration.« less

22 CFR 202.7 - Documentation required for reimbursement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... Voucher for Purchases and Services Other than Personal”—Voucher SF 1034 in original and three copies to be... relevant weights, cubic measurements, rates, and any applicable tariff surcharges. (2) To points of entry. (i) Where the shipment is made to a point of entry and through bills of lading to designated point of...

The influence of critical thinking skills on performance and progression in a pre-registration nursing program.

PubMed

Pitt, Victoria; Powis, David; Levett-Jones, Tracy; Hunter, Sharyn

2015-01-01

The importance of developing critical thinking skills in preregistration nursing students is recognized worldwide. Yet, there has been limited exploration of how students' critical thinking skill scores on entry to pre-registration nursing education influence their academic and clinical performance and progression. The aim of this study was to: i) describe entry and exit critical thinking scores of nursing students enrolled in a three year bachelor of nursing program in Australia in comparison to norm scores; ii) explore entry critical thinking scores in relation to demographic characteristics, students' performance and progression. This longitudinal correlational study used the Health Sciences Reasoning Test (HSRT) to measure critical thinking skills in a sample (n=134) of students, at entry and exit (three years later). A one sample t-test was used to determine if differences existed between matched student critical thinking scores between entry and exit points. Academic performance, clinical performance and progression data were collected and correlations with entry critical thinking scores were examined. There was a significant relationship between critical thinking scores, academic performance and students' risk of failing, especially in the first semester of study. Critical thinking scores were predictive of program completion within three years. The increase in critical thinking scores from entry to exit was significant for the 28 students measured. In comparison to norm scores, entry level critical thinking scores were significantly lower, but exit scores were comparable. Critical thinking scores had no significant relationship to clinical performance. Entry critical thinking scores significantly correlate to academic performance and predict students risk of course failure and ability to complete a nursing degree in three years. Students' critical thinking scores are an important determinant of their success and as such can inform curriculum development and selection strategies. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

New Pathways into Robotics: Strategies for Broadening Participation

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Rusk, Natalie; Resnick, Mitchel; Berg, Robbie; Pezalla-Granlund, Margaret

2008-01-01

This paper suggests new strategies for introducing students to robotics technologies and concepts, and argues for the importance of providing multiple entry points into robotics. In particular, the paper describes four strategies that have been successful in engaging a broad range of learners: (1) focusing on themes, not just challenges; (2)…

Narrating the Future: Understanding How Student Narratives Relate to Outcomes in Community College

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ahmed, Tanzina

2017-01-01

Community colleges are an increasingly important entry point into higher education for adults in the United States (21st-Century Commission, 2012). Students often hold diverse opinions on and engage in complex meaning-making around the community college institution (Daiute & Kreniske, 2016; Deil-Amen, 2016). Furthermore, students' varied…

Complex Intervention: A Family's Story of Loss, Struggle, and Perseverance

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Njoroge, Wanjiku F. M.

2015-01-01

This article reveals the complicated relationships among culture, family, trauma, and service delivery for immigrant families. The author describes a family who first came into contact with the service delivery system referred by the pediatrician, whose practice was an important point of entry for the early childhood work that followed. The family…

Is the University Universal? Mobile (Re)Constitutions of American Academia in the Gulf Arab States

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Vora, Neha

2015-01-01

Through ethnographic examples of students' engagement with American universities in the United Arab Emirates and Qatar, I argue that branch campuses have a particularly important relationship with emerging forms of racial consciousness, identity, and politicization among students, both citizen and foreign resident. This entry point is one that…

Beyond Stories

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Rasinski, Timothy; Padak, Nancy

2008-01-01

In this column, the authors expand on the theme of learning to read and learning to love reading through reading. They explain that stories, or narratives, are important and perhaps are the main entry point for reading at home. However, the authors assert that learning to embrace reading means learning to embrace a wider palette of materials that…

Does cancer reduce labor market entry? Evidence for prime-age females.

PubMed

Moran, John R; Short, Pamela Farley

2014-06-01

Existing studies of the labor market status of cancer survivors have focused on the extent to which cancer disrupts the employment of individuals who were working when diagnosed with cancer. We examine how surviving cancer affects labor market entry and usual hours of work among females aged 28 to 54 years who were not working when first diagnosed. We find that prime-age females have employment rates 2 to 6 years after diagnosis that are 12 percentage points lower than otherwise similar women who were initially out of the labor force, full-time employment rates that are 10 percentage points lower, and usual hours of work that are 5 hours per week lower. These estimates are somewhat larger than estimates for prime-age women employed at the time of diagnosis and highlight the importance of considering nonworking females when assessing the economic and psychosocial burden of cancer.

14 CFR Appendix B to Part 187 - Fees for FAA Services for Certain Flights

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

....-controlled airspace.) Distance flown is based on the great circle distance (GCD) for the point of entry and the point of exit of U.S.-controlled airspace based on FAA flight data. Fees are assessed using the methodology presented in paragraph (e)(2) of this appendix. Where actual entry and exit points are not...

The Educational Community as In-Tentional Community

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Jasinski, Igor; Lewis, Tyson E.

2016-01-01

This paper reassesses a perennial concern of philosophy of education: the nature of the educational community and the role of the teacher in relation to such a community. As an entry point into this broader question, we turn to Philosophy for children (P4C), which has consistently emphasized the importance of community. Yet, not unlike pragmatist…

CPAs in Mississippi: Communication Skills and Software Needed by Entry-Level Accountants

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bunn, Phyllis C.; Barfit, Laurie A.; Cooper, Jan

2005-01-01

The purpose of this paper was to determine what communication skills are considered most important by employers in the accounting profession as well as to determine the general office, income tax, and bookkeeping software packages used by CPA firms in Mississippi. The data was collected by means of an electronic five-point Likert-type survey…

MDGs: Most Distracting Gimmicks?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Antrobus, Peggy

2005-01-01

The MDGs provide a strategic entry point for raising issues that are important to women with people who pay no attention otherwise. In this article, the author gives her opinion about MDGs. She has three reasons for taking interest: (1) to talk about issues she wants to raise; (2) to advance women's interest and agendas; and (3) to get resources…

76 FR 30417 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; NYSE Arca, Inc.; Notice of Filing and Immediate Effectiveness of...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-05-25

... Change Amending Rule 7.31(h)(5) To Reduce the Minimum Order Entry Size of a Mid-Point Passive Liquidity... order entry size of a Mid-Point Passive Liquidity Order (``MPL Order'') from 100 shares to one share...

The aerothermal environment and material response: A review

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Nicolet, W. E.

1974-01-01

Aerothermal environments are discussed with emphasis on the cold dense and warm atmospheres of Saturn and Uranus. The spectral distribution of the incident radiation flux is given for the Saturn nominal entry. Saturn and Uranus stagnation point heat pulses with no ablation are compared. Calculations for small flow rates, important in the Saturn-Uranus nominal type entries, are given to investigate the effects due to the mixing layer separation. Analytical and experimental techniques applicable to flowfield calculations are reviewed with emphasis on two--dimensional flow capabilities. Transport properties are reviewed in terms of flowfield calculations along with radiation transport codes. Various approaches to entry calculations are presented. It is indicated that only certain aspects of the aerothermal environment can be simulated in the laboratory and that although flight experiments are becoming feasible they are so expensive that they are prohibitive. Recommendations for further study are included.

Re-Entry Point Targeting for LEO Spacecraft using Aerodynamic Drag

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Omar, Sanny; Bevilacqua, Riccardo; Fineberg, Laurence; Treptow, Justin; Johnson, Yusef; Clark, Scott

2016-01-01

Most Low Earth Orbit (LEO) spacecraft do not have thrusters and re-enter atmosphere in random locations at uncertain times. Objects pose a risk to persons, property, or other satellites. Has become a larger concern with the recent increase in small satellites. Working on a NASA funded project to design a retractable drag device to expedite de-orbit and target a re-entry location through modulation of the drag area. Will be discussing the re-entry point targeting algorithm here.

Spacecraft Re-Entry Impact Point Targeting Using Aerodynamic Drag

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Omar, Sanny R.; Bevilacqua, Riccardo

2017-01-01

The ability to re-enter the atmosphere at a desired location is important for spacecraft containing components that may survive re-entry. While impact point targeting has traditionally been initiated through impulsive burns with chemical thrusters on large vehicles such as the Space Shuttle, and the Soyuz and Apollo capsules, many small spacecraft do not host thrusters and require an alternative means of impact point targeting to ensure that falling debris do not cause harm to persons or property. This paper discusses the use of solely aerodynamic drag force to perform this targeting. It is shown that by deploying and retracting a drag device to vary the ballistic coefficient of the spacecraft, any desired longitude and latitude on the ground can be targeted provided that the maneuvering begins early enough and the latitude is less than the inclination of the orbit. An analytical solution based on perturbations from a numerically propagated trajectory is developed to map the initial state and ballistic coefficient profile of a spacecraft to its impact point. This allows the ballistic coefficient profile necessary to reach a given target point to be rapidly calculated, making it feasible to generate the guidance for the decay trajectory onboard the spacecraft. The ability to target an impact point using aerodynamic drag will enhance the capabilities of small spacecraft and will enable larger space vehicles containing thrusters to save fuel by more effectively leveraging the available aerodynamic drag.

40 CFR 141.100 - Criteria and procedures for public water systems using point-of-entry devices.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... water systems using point-of-entry devices. 141.100 Section 141.100 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) WATER PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) NATIONAL PRIMARY DRINKING WATER... meet all national primary drinking water regulations and would be of acceptable quality similar to...

Pathways into and through Mental Health Services for Children and Adolescents.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Farmer, Elizabeth M. Z.; Burns, Barbara J.; Phillips, Susan D.; Angold, Adrian; Costello, E. Jane

2003-01-01

Examined points of entry into mental health service system for children and adolescents and patterns of movement through five service sectors (specialty mental health services, education, general medicine, juvenile justice, child welfare). Education sector plays central role as point of entry. Interagency collaboration among education, specialty…

Short-Lasting Episodes of Torsade de Pointes in the Chronic Atrioventricular Block Dog Model Have a Focal Mechanism, While Longer-Lasting Episodes Are Maintained by Re-Entry.

PubMed

Vandersickel, Nele; Bossu, Alexandre; De Neve, Jan; Dunnink, Albert; Meijborg, Veronique M F; van der Heyden, Marcel A G; Beekman, Jet D M; De Bakker, Jacques M T; Vos, Marc A; Panfilov, Alexander V

2017-12-26

This study investigated the arrhythmogenic mechanisms responsible for torsade de pointes (TdP) in the chronic atrioventricular block dog model, known for its high susceptibility for TdP. The mechanism of TdP arrhythmias has been under debate for many years. Focal activity as well as re-entry have both been mentioned in the initiation and the perpetuation of TdP. In 5 TdP-sensitive chronic atrioventricular block dogs, 56 needle electrodes were evenly distributed transmurally to record 240 unipolar local electrograms simultaneously. Nonterminating (NT) episodes were defibrillated after 10 s. Software was developed to automatically detect activation times and to create 3-dimensional visualizations of the arrhythmia. For each episode of ectopic activity (ranging from 2 beats to NT episodes), a novel methodology was created to construct directed graphs of the wave propagation and detect re-entry loops by using an iterative depth-first-search algorithm. Depending on the TdP definition (number of consecutive ectopic beats), we analyzed 29 to 54 TdP: 29 were longer than 5 beats. In the total group, 9 were NT and 45 were self-terminating. Initiation and termination were always based on focal activity. Re-entry becomes more important in the longer-lasting episodes (>14 beats), whereas in all NT TdP, re-entry was the last active mechanism. During re-entry, excitation fronts were constantly present in the heart, while during focal TdP, there was always a silent interval between 2 consecutive waves (142 ms) during which excitation fronts were absent. Interbeat intervals were significantly smaller for re-entry episodes-220 versus 310 ms in focal. Electrograms recorded in particular areas during NT TdP episodes had significantly smaller amplitude (0.38) than during focal episodes (0.59). TdP can be driven by focal activity as well as by re-entry depending on the duration of the episode. NT episodes are always maintained by re-entry, which can be identified in local unipolar electrograms by shorter interbeat intervals and smaller deflection amplitude. Copyright © 2017 American College of Cardiology Foundation. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Side-Branch and Coaxial Intravascular Ultrasound Guided Wire Re-Entry after Failed Retrograde Approach of Chronic Total Occlusion Intervention.

PubMed

Chou, Ruey-Hsing; Lai, Chih-Hung; Lu, Tse-Min

2016-05-01

Intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) can provide valuable information during the intervention of difficult chronic total occlusion (CTO) lesion. Stumpless CTO lesions with an adjacent side branch are associated with a significantly lower success rate because the proper entry point is not always clearly identified and the guidewires easily slip into the side branch. Herein we presented a case of a stumpless middle left circumflex (LCX) artery CTO lesion with auto-collateral from obtuse marginal branch. Initially, we positioned the IVUS into the side-branch to find the entry point of LCX-CTO lesion. However, the punctured wire went into the false lumen. A retrograde approach was tried but later failed. Therefore, we used IVUS to find the entry point where the true lumen transited to the false lumen, and used a stiff guidewire to puncture the entry point. After we confirmed with IVUS that the whole guidewire was in the true lumen, we deployed 3 drug-eluting stents. The final angiogram showed TIMI 3 flow with preservation of all side branches. The patient was angina-free during the 6-month follow-up. By presenting this case, we have demonstrated the application of both side-branch and coaxial IVUS-guided recanalization technique in the stumpless CTO lesion.

Nonequilibrium viscous flow over Jovian entry probes at high altitudes

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Kumar, A.; Szema, K. Y.; Tiwari, S. N.

1979-01-01

The viscous chemical nonequilibrium flow around a Jovian entry body is investigated at high altitudes using two different methods. First method is only for the stagnation region and integrates the full Navier-Stokes equations from the body surface to the freestream. The second method uses viscous shock layer equations between the body surface and the shock. Due to low Reynolds numbers, both methods use surface slip boundary conditions and the second method also uses shock slip boundary conditions. The results of the two methods are compared at the stagnation point. It is found that the entire shock layer is under chemical nonequilibrium at higher altitudes and that the slip boundary conditions are important at these altitudes.

Exploring Diversity in Higher Education Management: History, Trends, and Implications for Community Colleges

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Robinson-Neal, Andree

2009-01-01

As college and university campuses direct their efforts to include more diverse populations of students, campus leaders must consider whether there is merit in having a diverse population of administrators as well. The issue is of particular importance to the community college sector, since it is a primary point of entry into higher education for…

The Inside, Out: Diaries as Entry Points to Historical Perspective-Taking

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lemisko, Lynn

2010-01-01

Diaries can serve as meaningful entry points for advancing historical consciousness and develop historical thinking (Seixas, 2002) because they can connect readers/learners with the diverse emotions, thoughts and motivations of the people who wrote them in particular times and particular places. According to philosopher and historian, R.G.…

The entry-level occupational therapy clinical doctorate: advantages, challenges, and international issues to consider.

PubMed

Brown, Ted; Crabtree, Jeffrey L; Mu, Keli; Wells, Joe

2015-04-01

Internationally, occupational therapy education has gone through several paradigm shifts during the last few decades, moving from certificate to diploma to bachelors to masters and now in some instances to clinical doctorate as the entry-level professional credential to practice. In the United States there is a recommendation under consideration by the American Occupational Therapy Association (AOTA) that by 2025, all occupational therapy university programs will move to the clinical doctorate level. It should be noted, however, that the AOTA Board can only make recommendations and it is the Accreditation Council for Occupational Therapy Education (ACOTE) who has regulatory authority to approve such a change. What are the potential implications for the profession, our clients, and funders of occupational therapy services? What are the primary drivers for the move towards the clinical doctorate being the educational entry point? Is the next step in the evolution of occupational therapy education globally a shift to the entry-level clinical doctorate? This article reviews current literature and discusses issues about the occupational therapy entry-level clinical doctorate. The published evidence available about the occupational therapy entry-level clinical doctorate is summarized and the perceived or frequently cited pros and cons of moving to the clinical doctorate as the singular entry point to occupational therapy practice are considered. The potential impacts of the introduction of the clinical doctorate as the entry-to-practice qualification across the United States on the occupational therapy community internationally will be briefly discussed. If the United States moves toward the entry-level clinical doctorate as the only educational starting point for the profession, will other jurisdictions follow suit? Further discourse and investigation of this issue both inside and outside of the United States is needed so that informed decisions can be made.

Novel Small Molecule Entry Inhibitors of Ebola Virus

PubMed Central

Basu, Arnab; Mills, Debra M.; Mitchell, Daniel; Ndungo, Esther; Williams, John D.; Herbert, Andrew S.; Dye, John M.; Moir, Donald T.; Chandran, Kartik; Patterson, Jean L.; Rong, Lijun; Bowlin, Terry L.

2015-01-01

Background. The current Ebola virus (EBOV) outbreak has highlighted the troubling absence of available antivirals or vaccines to treat infected patients and stop the spread of EBOV. The EBOV glycoprotein (GP) plays critical roles in the early stage of virus infection, including receptor binding and membrane fusion, making it a potential target for the development of anti-EBOV drugs. We report the identification of 2 novel EBOV inhibitors targeting viral entry. Methods. To identify small molecule inhibitors of EBOV entry, we carried out a cell-based high-throughput screening using human immunodeficiency virus–based pseudotyped viruses expressing EBOV-GP. Two compounds were identified, and mechanism-of-action studies were performed using immunoflourescence, AlphaLISA, and enzymatic assays for cathepsin B inhibition. Results. We report the identification of 2 novel entry inhibitors. These inhibitors (1) inhibit EBOV infection (50% inhibitory concentration, approximately 0.28 and approximately 10 µmol/L) at a late stage of entry, (2) induce Niemann-Pick C phenotype, and (3) inhibit GP–Niemann-Pick C1 (NPC1) protein interaction. Conclusions. We have identified 2 novel EBOV inhibitors, MBX2254 and MBX2270, that can serve as starting points for the development of an anti-EBOV therapeutic agent. Our findings also highlight the importance of NPC1-GP interaction in EBOV entry and the attractiveness of NPC1 as an antifiloviral therapeutic target. PMID:26206510

Characteristics of Coupled Nongray Radiating Gas Flows with Ablation Product Effects About Blunt Bodies During Planetary Entries. Ph.D. Thesis - North Carolina State Univ.

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Sutton, K.

1973-01-01

A computational method was developed for the fully-coupled solution of nongray, radiating gas flows with ablation product effects about blunt bodies during planetary entries. The treatment of radiation accounts for molecular band, continuum, and atomic line transitions with a detailed frequency dependence of the absorption coefficient. The ablation of the entry body was solved as part of the solution for a steady-state ablation process. The method was applied by results at typical conditions during entry to Venus. The radiative heating rates along the downstream region of the body can exceed the stagnation point value. The radiative heating to the body is attenuated in the boundary layer at the downstream region of the body and at the stagnation point of the body. A study of the radiation, inviscid flow about spherically capped, conical bodies during planetary entries shows that the nondimensional, radiative heating distributions are nonsimilar with entry conditions. Caution should be exercised in attempting to extrapolate results from known distributions to other entry conditions for which solutions have not yet been obtained.

Experimental early pathogenesis of Streptococcus agalactiae infection in red tilapia Oreochromis spp.

PubMed

Iregui, C A; Comas, J; Vásquez, G M; Verján, N

2016-02-01

Streptococcus agalactiae causes a severe systemic disease in fish, and the routes of entry are still ill-defined. To address this issue, two groups of 33 red tilapia Oreochromis spp. each of 10 g were orally infected with S. agalactiae (n = 30), and by immersion (n = 30), six individuals were control-uninfected fish. Three tilapias were killed at each time point from 30 min to 96 h post-inoculation (pi); controls were killed at 96 h. Samples from most tissues were examined by haematoxylin-eosin (H&E), indirect immunoperoxidase (IPI) and periodic acid-Schiff; only intestine from fish infected by gavage was evaluated by transmission electron microscopy. The results of both experiments suggest that the main entry site of S. agalactiae in tilapia is the gastrointestinal epithelium; mucus seems to play an important defensive role, and environmental conditions may be an important predisposing factor for the infection. © 2015 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Responding to Communicable Diseases in Internationally Mobile Populations at Points of Entry and along Porous Borders, Nigeria, Benin, and Togo

PubMed Central

Rogers, Kimberly; Ward, Sarah; Ojo, Olubumni; Kakaī, Clement Glele; Agbeko, Tamekloe Tsidi; Garba, Hassan; MacGurn, Amanda; Oppert, Marydale; Kone, Idrissa; Bamsa, Olutola; Schneider, Dana; Brown, Clive

2017-01-01

Recent multinational disease outbreaks demonstrate the risk of disease spreading globally before public health systems can respond to an event. To ensure global health security, countries need robust multisectoral systems to rapidly detect and respond to domestic or imported communicable diseases. The US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention International Border Team works with the governments of Nigeria, Togo, and Benin, along with Pro-Health International and the Abidjan-Lagos Corridor Organization, to build sustainable International Health Regulations capacities at points of entry (POEs) and along border regions. Together, we strengthen comprehensive national and regional border health systems by developing public health emergency response plans for POEs, conducting qualitative assessments of public health preparedness and response capacities at ground crossings, integrating internationally mobile populations into national health surveillance systems, and formalizing cross-border public health coordination. Achieving comprehensive national and regional border health capacity, which advances overall global health security, necessitates multisectoral dedication to the aforementioned components. PMID:29155668

Study to define points of entry for potential contaminants in limestone aquifers. [in Alabama

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Doyle, F. L.

1973-01-01

Visual examinations of both prints and transparencies from ERTS 1 and U-2 aircraft imagery provided a method for discovering possible points of entry of potential contaminants into the limestone aquifer in Madison County, Alabama. Knowledge of the locations at which contaminants could enter the aquifer is an important consideration in water quality management, particularly for regions that depend, at least partially, on ground water for their water supply. ERTS 1 imagery recorded on December 28, 1972 in the Multispectral Scanner-5 (MSS-5) and MSS-7 bands, and a false-color composite of the MSS-4 (green), MSS-5 (red), and MSS-7 (near infrared) bands were the principal materials used, along with thermography recorded by an RS-7 infrared scanner onboard a U-2 aircraft. The results of the study are discussed in detail, providing information on prominent lineations and major fracture trends which are related to aquifer contamination. Maps depicting the observations are also presented.

Responding to Communicable Diseases in Internationally Mobile Populations at Points of Entry and along Porous Borders, Nigeria, Benin, and Togo.

PubMed

Merrill, Rebecca D; Rogers, Kimberly; Ward, Sarah; Ojo, Olubumni; Kakaī, Clement Glele; Agbeko, Tamekloe Tsidi; Garba, Hassan; MacGurn, Amanda; Oppert, Marydale; Kone, Idrissa; Bamsa, Olutola; Schneider, Dana; Brown, Clive

2017-12-01

Recent multinational disease outbreaks demonstrate the risk of disease spreading globally before public health systems can respond to an event. To ensure global health security, countries need robust multisectoral systems to rapidly detect and respond to domestic or imported communicable diseases. The US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention International Border Team works with the governments of Nigeria, Togo, and Benin, along with Pro-Health International and the Abidjan-Lagos Corridor Organization, to build sustainable International Health Regulations capacities at points of entry (POEs) and along border regions. Together, we strengthen comprehensive national and regional border health systems by developing public health emergency response plans for POEs, conducting qualitative assessments of public health preparedness and response capacities at ground crossings, integrating internationally mobile populations into national health surveillance systems, and formalizing cross-border public health coordination. Achieving comprehensive national and regional border health capacity, which advances overall global health security, necessitates multisectoral dedication to the aforementioned components.

Perpetuation of torsade de pointes in heterogeneous hearts: competing foci or re-entry?

PubMed

Vandersickel, Nele; de Boer, Teun P; Vos, Marc A; Panfilov, Alexander V

2016-12-01

The underlying mechanism of torsade de pointes (TdP) remains of debate: perpetuation may be due to (1) focal activity or (2) re-entrant activity. The onset of TdP correlates with action potential heterogeneities in different regions of the heart. We studied the mechanism of perpetuation of TdP in silico using a 2D model of human cardiac tissue and an anatomically accurate model of the ventricles of the human heart. We found that the mechanism of perpetuation TdP depends on the degree of heterogeneity. If the degree of heterogeneity is large, focal activity alone can sustain a TdP, otherwise re-entrant activity emerges. This result can help to understand the relationship between the mechanisms of TdP and tissue properties and may help in developing new drugs against it. Torsade de pointes (TdP) can be the consequence of cardiac remodelling, drug effects or a combination of both. The mechanism underlying TdP is unclear, and may involve triggered focal activity or re-entry. Recent work by our group has indicated that both cases may exist, i.e. TdPs induced in the chronic atrioventricular block (CAVB) dog model may have a focal origin or are due to re-entry. Also it was found that heterogeneities might play an important role. In the current study we have used computational modelling to further investigate the mechanisms involved in TdP initiation and perpetuation, especially in the CAVB dog model, by the addition of heterogeneities with reduced repolarization reserve in comparison with the surrounding tissue. For this, the TNNP computer model was used for computations. We demonstrated in 2D and 3D simulations that ECGs with the typical TdP morphology can be caused by both multiple competing foci and re-entry circuits as a result of introduction of heterogeneities, depending on whether the heterogeneities have a large or a smaller reduced repolarization reserve in comparison with the surrounding tissue. Large heterogeneities can produce ectopic TdP, while smaller heterogeneities will produce re-entry-type TdP. © 2016 The Authors. The Journal of Physiology © 2016 The Physiological Society.

Entry Points When Undergraduate Research Mentors Reflect on Their Role: A Qualitative Case Study

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wallin, Patric; Adawi, Tom

2018-01-01

Graduate students and postdoctoral researchers are increasingly taking on mentoring roles in undergraduate research (UR). There is, however, a paucity of research focusing on how they conceptualize their mentoring role. In this qualitative interview study, we identified three entry points that mentors reflect on to define their role: (1) What are…

A Success Model for Low-Income Students

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wilt, Richard W.

2006-01-01

Today's community college serves as the entry point to well-paying technical jobs as well as the entry point to the baccalaureate degree and beyond. What, then, can be done to ensure that low-income students have access to and success in community colleges? Research, both theoretical and empirical, shows that there is no one student characteristic…

Vocational Preference Inventory High Point Codes Versus Expressed Choices as Predictors of College Major and Career Entry

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gade, Eldon M.; Soliah, David

1975-01-01

For 151 male graduates of the University of North Dakota, expressed choices measured by preferences made as high school seniors on the ACT Student Profile Section were significantly more accurate predictors of graduating college major and of career entry occupation than were their Vocational Preference Inventory high point codes. (Author)

40 CFR 141.100 - Criteria and procedures for public water systems using point-of-entry devices.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 23 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Criteria and procedures for public water systems using point-of-entry devices. 141.100 Section 141.100 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) WATER PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) NATIONAL PRIMARY DRINKING WATER REGULATIONS Use of Non-Centralized Treatment Devices §...

Safe insertion of S-2 alar iliac screws: radiological comparison between 2 insertion points using computed tomography and 3D analysis software.

PubMed

Yamada, Kentaro; Abe, Yuichiro; Satoh, Shigenobu

2018-05-01

OBJECTIVE S-2 alar iliac (S2AI) screws are commonly used as anchors for lumbosacral fixation. A serious potential complication of screw insertion is major vascular injury due to anterior or caudal screw deviation. To avoid screw deviation, the pelvic inlet view on intraoperative fluoroscopy images is recommended. However, there has been no detailed investigation of optimal fluoroscopic incline with the pelvic inlet view. The purpose of this study was to investigate the safety margins and to optimize fluoroscopic settings to avoid screw deviation with 2 reported insertion techniques using 3D analysis software and CT. METHODS The study included 50 patients (25 men and 25 women) who underwent abdominal-pelvic CT. With the use of software, the ideal S2AI screws were set from 2 entry points: A) the midpoint between the S-1 dorsal foramen and the S-2 dorsal foramen where they meet the lateral sacral crest, and B) 1 mm inferior and 1 mm lateral to the S-1 dorsal foramen. Anteriorly or caudally deviated screws were defined as deviation of a half thread of the ideal screw by rotation anteriorly or caudally from the entry point. The angular safety margins were compared between the 2 entry points, and patients with small safety margins were investigated. Subsequently, fluoroscopic images were virtualized on ray sum-rendered images. Conditions that provided proper recognition of screw deviation were investigated via lateral and anteroposterior views with the beam tilted caudally. RESULTS The safety margins of S2AI screws were smaller in the anterior direction than in the caudal direction and by entry point A than by entry point B (A: 9.1° ± 1.6° and B: 9.7° ± 1.5° in the anterior direction; A: 10.9° ± 3.8° and B: 13.9° ± 4.1° in the caudal direction). In contrast, patients with a deep-seated L-5 vertebral body tended to have smaller safety margins in the caudal direction. All anteriorly deviated screws were recognized with a 60°-70° inlet view from the S-1 slope. The caudally deviated screws were all recognized on the lateral view, but 31% of screws at entry point A and 21% of screws at entry point B were not recognized on the pelvic inlet view. CONCLUSIONS S2AI screws should be carefully placed to avoid anterior deviation compared with caudal deviation in terms of the safety margin, except in patients with a deep-seated L-5. The difference in safety margins between entry points A and B was negligible. Intraoperative fluoroscopy is recommended with a pelvic inlet view tilted 60°-70° from the S-1 slope to avoid anterior screw deviation. The lateral view is recommended to confirm that the screw is not deviated caudally.

The Level of Decision Making, Perceived Influence and Perceived Satisfaction of Faculty and Their Impact on Student Retention in Community Colleges

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Miller, Lisa M.

2017-01-01

Community colleges have been important open access entry points into education and employment. In order to improve the community college average retention rate of 60%, this study began looking at other areas that may have been impacting student retention without having been previously quantified. To evaluate the impact of faculty inclusion in…

Comparison of Two Entry Methods for Laparoscopic Port Entry: Technical Point of View

PubMed Central

Toro, Adriana; Mannino, Maurizio; Cappello, Giovanni; Di Stefano, Andrea; Di Carlo, Isidoro

2012-01-01

Laparoscopic entry is a blind procedure and it often represents a problem for all the related complications. In the last three decades, rapid advances in laparoscopic surgery have made it an invaluable part of general surgery, but there remains no clear consensus on an optimal method of entry into the peritoneal cavity. The aim of this paper is to focus on the evolution of two used methods of entry into the peritoneal cavity in laparoscopic surgery. PMID:22761542

From laboratory to point of entry: development and implementation of a loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP)-based genetic identification system to prevent introduction of quarantine insect species.

PubMed

Blaser, Simon; Diem, Hanspeter; von Felten, Andreas; Gueuning, Morgan; Andreou, Michael; Boonham, Neil; Tomlinson, Jennifer; Müller, Pie; Utzinger, Jürg; Frey, Jürg E; Bühlmann, Andreas

2018-06-01

Rapid genetic on-site identification methods at points of entry, such as seaports and airports, have the potential to become important tools to prevent the introduction and spread of economically harmful pest species that are unintentionally transported by the global trade of plant commodities. This paper reports the development and evaluation of a loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP)-based identification system to prevent introduction of the three most frequently encountered regulated quarantine insect species groups at Swiss borders, Bemisia tabaci, Thrips palmi and several regulated fruit flies of the genera Bactrocera and Zeugodacus. The LAMP primers were designed to target a fragment of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene and were generated based on publicly available DNA sequences. Laboratory evaluations analysing 282 insect specimens suspected to be quarantine organisms revealed an overall test efficiency of 99%. Additional on-site evaluation at a point of entry using 37 specimens performed by plant health inspectors with minimal laboratory training resulted in an overall test efficiency of 95%. During both evaluation rounds, there were no false-positives and the observed false-negatives were attributable to human-induced manipulation errors. To overcome the possibility of accidental introduction of pests as a result of rare false-negative results, samples yielding negative results in the LAMP method were also subjected to DNA barcoding. Our LAMP assays reliably differentiated between the tested regulated and non-regulated insect species within <1 h. Hence, LAMP assays represent suitable tools for rapid on-site identification of harmful pests, which might facilitate an accelerated import control process for plant commodities. © 2018 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry. © 2018 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.

14 CFR 121.631 - Original dispatch or flight release, redispatch or amendment of dispatch or flight release.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... a flight to continue beyond the ETOPS Entry Point unless— (1) Except as provided in paragraph (d) of... with weather conditions at or above operating minima. (e) Before the ETOPS Entry Point, the pilot in... update the flight plan if needed because of a re-evaluation of aircraft system capabilities. (f) No...

14 CFR 121.631 - Original dispatch or flight release, redispatch or amendment of dispatch or flight release.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... a flight to continue beyond the ETOPS Entry Point unless— (1) Except as provided in paragraph (d) of... with weather conditions at or above operating minima. (e) Before the ETOPS Entry Point, the pilot in... update the flight plan if needed because of a re-evaluation of aircraft system capabilities. (f) No...

14 CFR 121.631 - Original dispatch or flight release, redispatch or amendment of dispatch or flight release.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... a flight to continue beyond the ETOPS Entry Point unless— (1) Except as provided in paragraph (d) of... with weather conditions at or above operating minima. (e) Before the ETOPS Entry Point, the pilot in... update the flight plan if needed because of a re-evaluation of aircraft system capabilities. (f) No...

14 CFR 121.631 - Original dispatch or flight release, redispatch or amendment of dispatch or flight release.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... a flight to continue beyond the ETOPS Entry Point unless— (1) Except as provided in paragraph (d) of... with weather conditions at or above operating minima. (e) Before the ETOPS Entry Point, the pilot in... update the flight plan if needed because of a re-evaluation of aircraft system capabilities. (f) No...

14 CFR 121.631 - Original dispatch or flight release, redispatch or amendment of dispatch or flight release.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... a flight to continue beyond the ETOPS Entry Point unless— (1) Except as provided in paragraph (d) of... with weather conditions at or above operating minima. (e) Before the ETOPS Entry Point, the pilot in... update the flight plan if needed because of a re-evaluation of aircraft system capabilities. (f) No...

15 CFR Supplement No. 1 to Part 716 - Notification, Duration and Frequency of Inspections

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... prior to arrival of Inspection Team at the point of entry (initial); 24 hours prior to arrival of Inspection Team at the point of entry (routine) 48 hours prior to arrival of Inspection Team at the plant site 120 hours prior to arrival of Inspection Team at the plant site 120 hours prior to arrival of...

15 CFR Supplement No. 1 to Part 716 - Notification, Duration and Frequency of Inspections

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... prior to arrival of Inspection Team at the point of entry (initial); 24 hours prior to arrival of Inspection Team at the point of entry (routine) 48 hours prior to arrival of Inspection Team at the plant site 120 hours prior to arrival of Inspection Team at the plant site 120 hours prior to arrival of...

15 CFR Supplement No. 1 to Part 716 - Notification, Duration and Frequency of Inspections

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... prior to arrival of Inspection Team at the point of entry (initial); 24 hours prior to arrival of Inspection Team at the point of entry (routine) 48 hours prior to arrival of Inspection Team at the plant site 120 hours prior to arrival of Inspection Team at the plant site 120 hours prior to arrival of...

A Well-Clear Volume Based on Time to Entry Point

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Narkawicz, Anthony J.; Munoz, Cesar A.; Upchurch, Jason M.; Chamberlain, James P.; Consiglio, Maria C.

2014-01-01

A well-clear volume is a key component of NASA's Separation Assurance concept for the integration of UAS in the NAS. This paper proposes a mathematical definition of the well-clear volume that uses, in addition to distance thresholds, a time threshold based on time to entry point (TEP). The mathematical model that results from this definition is more conservative than other candidate definitions of the wellclear volume that are based on range over closure rate and time to closest point of approach.

The effects of pre-entry career maturity and support networks in workplace on newcomers' mental health.

PubMed

Kawai, Kaoru; Yamazaki, Yoshihiko

2006-11-01

The present study examined the effects of pre-entry experiences (i.e. career maturity), as well as support networks (i.e. informational and friendship), on newcomers' mental health (i.e. depression, self-esteem, psychosomatic symptoms, and work motivation). We performed a longitudinal study of 890 men and women who first entered the workplace in 2003. Surveys were distributed at two time points: just prior to entering the workplace, and two months after entering. Results indicated that career maturity related positively to newcomers' mental health, and newcomers with high career maturity were more successful in establishing positive relationships with superiors and co-workers. Although, informational support networks positively related to work motivation, friendship networks did not show any direct effects on mental health. These results underscore the crucial roles of career maturity and informational networks in facilitating the transition to the workplace. The results also provide empirical support for an expanded view of the importance of pre-entry experiences to workplace newcomers' mental health.

Mars Pathfinder Atmospheric Entry Navigation Operations

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Braun, R. D.; Spencer, D. A.; Kallemeyn, P. H.; Vaughan, R. M.

1997-01-01

On July 4, 1997, after traveling close to 500 million km, the Pathfinder spacecraft successfully completed entry, descent, and landing, coming to rest on the surface of Mars just 27 km from its target point. In the present paper, the atmospheric entry and approach navigation activities required in support of this mission are discussed. In particular, the flight software parameter update and landing site prediction analyses performed by the Pathfinder operations navigation team are described. A suite of simulation tools developed during Pathfinder's design cycle, but extendible to Pathfinder operations, are also presented. Data regarding the accuracy of the primary parachute deployment algorithm is extracted from the Pathfinder flight data, demonstrating that this algorithm performed as predicted. The increased probability of mission success through the software parameter update process is discussed. This paper also demonstrates the importance of modeling atmospheric flight uncertainties in the estimation of an accurate landing site. With these atmospheric effects included, the final landed ellipse prediction differs from the post-flight determined landing site by less then 0.5 km in downtrack.

What systems participants know about access and service entry and why managers should listen.

PubMed

Duncombe, Rohena

2017-08-01

Objective The present study looked at the views of people directly involved in the entry process for community health counselling using the frame of the health access literature. The concurrence of system participants' views with the access literature highlights access issues, particularly for people who are vulnerable or disadvantaged. The paper privileges the voices of the system participants, inviting local health services to consider using participatory design to improve access at the entry point. Methods People involved in the entry process for community health counselling explored the question, 'What, for you, are the features of a good intake system?' They also commented on themes identified during pilot interviews. These were thematically analysed for each participant group by the researcher to develop a voice for each stakeholder group. Results People accessing the service could be vulnerable and the entry process failed to take that into account. People directly involved in the counselling service entry system, system participants, consisted of: professionals referring in, people seeking services and reception staff taking first enquiries. They shared substantially the same concerns as each other. The responses from these system participants are consistent with the international literature on access and entry into health services. Conclusion Participatory service design could improve primary healthcare service entry at the local level. Canvassing the experiences of system participants is important for delivering services to those who have the least access and, in that way, could contribute to health equity. What is known about the topic? People with the highest health needs receive the fewest services. Health inequality is increasing. What does this paper add? System participants can provide advice consistent with the academic research literature that is useful for improving service entry at the local level. What are the implications for practitioners? Participatory design can inform policy makers and service providers. Entry systems could acknowledge the potential vulnerability or disadvantage of people approaching the service.

22 CFR 211.7 - Arrangements for entry and handling in foreign country.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... country to a designated inland point of entry in the recipient country shall be arranged by the... country. 211.7 Section 211.7 Foreign Relations AGENCY FOR INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT TRANSFER OF FOOD... for entry and handling in foreign country. (a) Costs at discharge ports. Except as otherwise agreed...

Identification of a coumarin-based antihistamine-like small molecule as an anti-filoviral entry inhibitor.

PubMed

Cheng, Han; Schafer, Adam; Soloveva, Veronica; Gharaibeh, Dima; Kenny, Tara; Retterer, Cary; Zamani, Rouzbeh; Bavari, Sina; Peet, Norton P; Rong, Lijun

2017-09-01

Filoviruses, consisting of Ebola virus, Marburg virus and Cuevavirus, cause severe hemorrhagic fevers in humans with high mortality rates up to 90%. Currently, there is no approved vaccine or therapy available for the prevention and treatment of filovirus infection in humans. The recent 2013-2015 West African Ebola epidemic underscores the urgency to develop antiviral therapeutics against these infectious diseases. Our previous study showed that GPCR antagonists, particularly histamine receptor antagonists (antihistamines) inhibit Ebola and Marburg virus entry. In this study, we screened a library of 1220 small molecules with predicted antihistamine activity, identified multiple compounds with potent inhibitory activity against entry of both Ebola and Marburg viruses in human cancer cell lines, and confirmed their anti-Ebola activity in human primary cells. These small molecules target a late-stage of Ebola virus entry. Further structure-activity relationship studies around one compound (cp19) reveal the importance of the coumarin fused ring structure, especially the hydrophobic substituents at positions 3 and/or 4, for its antiviral activity, and this identified scaffold represents a favorable starting point for the rapid development of anti-filovirus therapeutic agents. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

MSL EDL Entry Guidance using the Entry Terminal Point Controller

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2006-01-01

The Mars Science Laboratory will be the first Mars mission to attempt a guided entry with the objective of safely delivering the entry vehicle to a survivable parachute deploy state within 10 km of the pre-designated landing site. The Entry Terminal Point Controller guidance algorithm is derived from the final phase Apollo Command Module guidance and, like Apollo, modulates the bank angle to control range based on deviations in range, altitude rate, and drag acceleration from a reference trajectory. For application to Mars landers which must make use of the tenuous Martian atmosphere, it is critical to balance the lift of the vehicle to minimize the range while still ensuring a safe deploy altitude. An overview of the process to generate optimized guidance settings is presented, discussing improvements made over the last four years. Performance tradeoffs between ellipse size and deploy altitude will be presented, along with imposed constraints of entry acceleration and heating. Performance sensitivities to the bank reversal deadbands, heading alignment, attitude initialization error, and atmospheric delivery errors are presented. Guidance settings for contingency operations, such as those appropriate for severe dust storm scenarios, are evaluated.

Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus entry mechanism requires late endosome formation and resists cell membrane cholesterol depletion

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Kolokoltsov, Andrey A.; Fleming, Elisa H.; Davey, Robert A.

2006-04-10

Virus envelope proteins determine receptor utilization and host range. The choice of receptor not only permits specific targeting of cells that express it, but also directs the virus into specific endosomal trafficking pathways. Disrupting trafficking can result in loss of virus infectivity due to redirection of virions to non-productive pathways. Identification of the pathway or pathways used by a virus is, thus, important in understanding virus pathogenesis mechanisms and for developing new treatment strategies. Most of our understanding of alphavirus entry has focused on the Old World alphaviruses, such as Sindbis and Semliki Forest virus. In comparison, very little ismore » known about the entry route taken by more pathogenic New World alphaviruses. Here, we use a novel contents mixing assay to identify the cellular requirements for entry of a New World alphavirus, Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (VEEV). Expression of dominant negative forms of key endosomal trafficking genes shows that VEEV must access clathrin-dependent endocytic vesicles for membrane fusion to occur. Unexpectedly, the exit point is different from Old World alphaviruses that leave from early endosomes. Instead, VEEV also requires functional late endosomes. Furthermore, unlike the Old World viruses, VEEV entry is insensitive to cholesterol sequestration from cell membranes and may reflect a need to access an endocytic compartment that lacks cholesterol. This indicates fundamental differences in the entry route taken by VEEV compared to Old World alphaviruses.« less

ENTRY PORTION OF SOUTH SIDE, VIEW FACING NORTHNORTHWEST. Naval ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

ENTRY PORTION OF SOUTH SIDE, VIEW FACING NORTH-NORTHWEST. - Naval Air Station Barbers Point, Aircraft Storehouse, Between Midway & Card Streets at Enterprise Avenue intersection, Ewa, Honolulu County, HI

[Is the ICU staff satisfied with the computerized physician order entry? A cross-sectional survey study].

PubMed

Fumis, Renata Rego Lins; Costa, Eduardo Leite Vieira; Martins, Paulo Sergio; Pizzo, Vladimir; Souza, Ivens Augusto; Schettino, Guilherme de Paula Pinto

2014-01-01

To evaluate the satisfaction of the intensive care unit staff with a computerized physician order entry and to compare the concept of the computerized physician order entry relevance among intensive care unit healthcare workers. We performed a cross-sectional survey to assess the satisfaction of the intensive care unit staff with the computerized physician order entry in a 30-bed medical/surgical adult intensive care unit using a self-administered questionnaire. The questions used for grading satisfaction levels were answered according to a numerical scale that ranged from 1 point (low satisfaction) to 10 points (high satisfaction). The majority of the respondents (n=250) were female (66%) between the ages of 30 and 35 years of age (69%). The overall satisfaction with the computerized physician order entry scored 5.74±2.14 points. The satisfaction was lower among physicians (n=42) than among nurses, nurse technicians, respiratory therapists, clinical pharmacists and diet specialists (4.62±1.79 versus 5.97±2.14, p<0.001); satisfaction decreased with age (p<0.001). Physicians scored lower concerning the potential of the computerized physician order entry for improving patient safety (5.45±2.20 versus 8.09±2.21, p<0.001) and the ease of using the computerized physician order entry (3.83±1.88 versus 6.44±2.31, p<0.001). The characteristics independently associated with satisfaction were the system's user-friendliness, accuracy, capacity to provide clear information, and fast response time. Six months after its implementation, healthcare workers were satisfied, albeit not entirely, with the computerized physician order entry. The overall users' satisfaction with computerized physician order entry was lower among physicians compared to other healthcare professionals. The factors associated with satisfaction included the belief that digitalization decreased the workload and contributed to the intensive care unit quality with a user-friendly and accurate system and that digitalization provided concise information within a reasonable time frame.

Applied anatomy of screw placement via the posterior arch of the atlas and anatomy-based refinements of the technique.

PubMed

Bodon, Gergely; Grimm, Andras; Hirt, Bernhard; Seifarth, Harald; Barsa, Pavel

2016-10-01

To present a method of posterior arch and lateral mass screw (PALMS) insertion and to prove its feasibility. Four formalin-fixed specimens and 40 macerated atlas vertebras were used to describe the relevant anatomy. The height of the posterior arch was measured on 42 consecutive patients using standard CT of the cervical spine. The operative technique and the special CT reconstructions used for preoperative planning are described. Eight patients underwent posterior fixation using this technique. We described the relevant anatomy and important anatomical landmarks of the posterior arch of the atlas. PALMS placement was modified according to these anatomical findings. Fifteen PALMSs were placed in eight patients using this technique without vascular or neural injury. It is feasible to place PALMS using the described technique. CT angiography is of crucial importance for preoperative planning using the described special reconstructions. The arch posterior to the lateral mass (APLM) is defined as the bone stock situated posterior to the lateral mass, respecting its convergence. The ideal entry point for a PALMS is on the APLM above the center of the converging lateral mass. A complete or incomplete ponticulus posticus and a retrotransverse foramen or groove can be used as an accessory landmark to refine the entry point.

Ideal tibial intramedullary nail insertion point varies with tibial rotation.

PubMed

Walker, Richard M; Zdero, Rad; McKee, Michael D; Waddell, James P; Schemitsch, Emil H

2011-12-01

The aim of the study was to investigate how superior entry point varies with tibial rotation and to identify landmarks that can be used to identify suitable radiographs for successful intramedullary nail insertion. The proximal tibia and knee were imaged for 12 cadaveric limbs undergoing 5° increments of internal and external rotation. Medial and lateral arthrotomies were performed, the ideal superior entry point was identified, and a 2-mm Kirschner wire inserted. A second Kirschner wire was sequentially placed at the 5-mm and then the 10-mm position, both medial and lateral to the initial Kirschner wire. Radiographs of the knee were obtained for all increments. The changing position of the ideal nail insertion point was recorded. A 30° arc (range, 25°-40°) provided a suitable anteroposterior radiograph. On the neutral anteroposterior radiograph, the Kirschner wire was 54% ± 1.5% (range, 51-56%) from the medial edge of the tibial plateau. For every 5° of rotation, the Kirschner wire moved 3% of the plateau width. During external rotation, a misleading medial entry point was obtained. A fibular bisector line correlated with an entry point that was ideal or up to 5 mm lateral to this but never medial. The film that best showed the fibular bisector line was between 0° and 10° of internal rotation of the tibia. The fibula head bisector line can be used to avoid choosing external rotation views and, thus, avoid medial insertion points. The current results may help the surgeon prevent malalignment during intramedullary nailing in proximal tibial fractures.

Arsenic and Antimony Removal from Drinking Water by Point-of-Entry Reverse Osmosis Coupled with Dual Plumbing Distribution - U.S. EPA Demonstration Project at Carmel Elementary School in Carmel, ME -Final Performance Evaluation Report

EPA Science Inventory

This report documents the activities performed for and the results obtained from the arsenic and antimony removal treatment technology demonstration project at the Carmel Elementary School (CES) in Carmel, ME. An innovative approach of employing point of entry (POE) reverse osmo...

INTERIOR OF SECOND FLOOR, OUTSIDE PROJECTION ROOM ABOVE ENTRY PORCH, ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

INTERIOR OF SECOND FLOOR, OUTSIDE PROJECTION ROOM ABOVE ENTRY PORCH, VIEW FACING WEST. - Naval Air Station Barbers Point, Theater, Yorktown Avenue between Wasp & Saipan Streets, Ewa, Honolulu County, HI

Return on Investment Point of Service Computerized Provider Charge Entry

PubMed Central

Kiepek, Wendy; FitzHenry, Fern; Shultz, Edward K

2003-01-01

Provider charge entry systems offer many benefits to users and organizations. At Vanderbilt University Medical Center, a web-based provider charge entry system promises to deliver benefits in reducing days in accounts receivable, reducing labor required for claims and edit processing, and implementing business rules that deliver both strategic and financial benefits. PMID:14728396

INTERIOR FROM NORTH ENTRY VESTIBULE INTO MAIN EQUIPMENT ROOM, VIEW ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

INTERIOR FROM NORTH ENTRY VESTIBULE INTO MAIN EQUIPMENT ROOM, VIEW FACING SOUTH. - Naval Air Station Barbers Point, Telephone Exchange, Coral Sea Road north of Bismarck Sea Road, Ewa, Honolulu County, HI

ENTRY PORTION OF SOUTH SIDE, VIEW FACING NORTHNORTHWEST (with scale ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

ENTRY PORTION OF SOUTH SIDE, VIEW FACING NORTH-NORTHWEST (with scale stick). - Naval Air Station Barbers Point, Aircraft Storehouse, Between Midway & Card Streets at Enterprise Avenue intersection, Ewa, Honolulu County, HI

50 CFR 660.70 - Groundfish conservation areas.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... points for the RCAs. (1) Trawl (Limited Entry and Open Access Nongroundfish Trawl Gears) Rockfish....71 through 660.74. (2) Non-Trawl (Limited Entry Fixed Gear and Open Access Non-trawl Gears) Rockfish...

Evaluation of manhole inserts as structural barriers to mosquito entry into belowground stormwater systems using a simulated treatment device.

PubMed

Harbison, Justin E; Metzger, Marco E; Allen, Vaikko; Hu, Renjie

2009-09-01

Belowground proprietary stormwater treatment devices can produce mosquitoes, including vectors of West Nile virus. Elimination of vertical entry points such as pick holes in manhole covers may reduce the number of mosquitoes entering and reproducing in these structures. Plastic manhole dish inserts were evaluated as structural barriers against mosquito entry through pick holes in a simulated stormwater treatment device. Inserts were 100% effective at preventing mosquito entry through covers when no other openings existed. In devices configured with an open lateral conveyance pipe, the addition of an insert under the cover reduced mosquito oviposition significantly. Subsequent trials to further elucidate mosquito entry through manhole covers found a significant positive correlation between increasing number of pick holes and mosquito oviposition. Results of the study suggest the potential for manhole dish inserts to decrease the number of mosquitoes entering belowground structures. The different available stormwater treatment systems and site-specific installations may, however, provide a much greater variety of possible alternate entry points for mosquitoes than was addressed in the current study. Further work is needed in field installations to quantify the significance of pick holes to mosquito entry and determine under what conditions, if any, manhole dish inserts would be most effective and appropriate.

Fourth cranial nerve: surgical anatomy in the subtemporal transtentorial approach and in the pretemporal combined inter-intradural approach through the fronto-temporo-orbito-zygomatic craniotomy. A cadaveric study.

PubMed

Pescatori, L; Niutta, M; Tropeano, M P; Santoro, G; Santoro, A

2017-01-01

Despite the recent progress in surgical technology in the last decades, the surgical treatment of skull base lesions still remains a challenge. The purpose of this study was to assess the anatomy of the tentorial and cavernous segment of the fourth cranial nerve as it appears in two different surgical approaches to the skull base: subtemporal transtentorial approach and pretemporal fronto-orbito-zygomatic approach. Four human cadaveric fixed heads were used for the dissection. Using both sides of each cadaveric head, we made 16 dissections: 8 with subtemporal transtentorial technique and 8 with pretemporal fronto-orbito-zygomatic approach. The first segment that extends from the initial point of contact of the fourth cranial nerve with the tentorium (point Q) to its point of entry into its dural channel (point D) presents an average length of 13.5 mm with an extremely wide range and varying between 3.20 and 9.3 mm. The segment 2, which extends from point D to the point of entry into the lateral wall of the cavernous sinus, presents a lesser interindividual variability (mean 10.4 mm, range 15.1-5.9 mm). A precise knowledge of the surgical anatomy of the fourth cranial nerve and its neurovascular relationships is essential to safely approach. The recognition of some anatomical landmarks allows to treat pathologies located in regions of difficult surgical access even when there is an important subversion of the anatomy.

Potential predictors of susceptibility to occupational stress in Japanese novice nurses - a pilot study.

PubMed

Okita, Shinobu; Daitoku, Satoshi; Abe, Masaharu; Arimura, Emi; Setoyama, Hitoshi; Koriyama, Chihaya; Ushikai, Miharu; Kawaguchi, Hiroaki; Horiuchi, Masahisa

2017-04-04

Occupational stress is a known factor behind employee resignations; thus, early identification of individuals prone to such stress is important. Accordingly, in this pilot study we evaluated potential predictors of susceptibility to occupational stress in Japanese novice nurses. Forty-two female novice nurses at Kagoshima University Hospital were recruited for the study population. Each underwent physical health and urinary examinations, and completed a lifestyle questionnaire at the time of job entry. Each also completed a Brief Job Stress Questionnaire (BJSQ), related to mental health status, at job entry and 5 months post-entry. Psychological stress, somatic symptoms, and combined BJSQ scores were determined for each time point. All three stress condition scores had significantly decreased at 5 months post-entry, suggesting occupational stress. Systolic blood pressure (r = -0.324, p < 0.05) and urinary sodium (r = -0.313, p < 0.05) were significantly negatively correlated with combined BJSQ score at 5 months post-entry. Post-entry stress condition scores were significantly low in subjects reporting substantial 1-year body weight change (≤ ± 3 kg) and short times between dinner and bedtimes (≤2 h), though baseline stress condition scores were not. Urinary sodium concentration, 1-year body weight change, and pre-sleep evening meals were then targeted for multivariate analysis, and confirmed as independent explanatory variables for post-entry stress condition scores. One-year body weight change, times between dinner and bedtimes, and urinary sodium concentration are promising potential predictors of susceptibility to occupational stress, and should be further investigated in future research. ISRCTN ISRCTN17516023. Retrospectively registered 7 December 2016.

Improving access in gastroenterology: The single point of entry model for referrals

PubMed Central

Novak, Kerri L; Van Zanten, Sander Veldhuyzen; Pendharkar, Sachin R

2013-01-01

In 2005, a group of academic gastroenterologists in Calgary (Alberta) adopted a centralized referral intake system known as central triage. This system provided a single point of entry model (SEM) for referrals rather than the traditional system of individual practitioners managing their own referrals and queues. The goal of central triage was to improve wait times and referral management. In 2008, a similar system was developed in Edmonton at the University of Alberta Hospital (Edmonton, Alberta). SEMs have subsequently been adopted by numerous subspecialties throughout Alberta. There are many benefits of SEMs including improved access and reduced wait times. Understanding and measuring complex patient flow systems is key to improving access, and centralized intake systems provide an opportunity to better understand total demand and system bottlenecks. This knowledge is particularly important for specialties such as gastroenterology (GI), in which demand exceeds supply. While it is anticipated that SEMs will reduce wait times for GI care in Canada, the lack of sufficient resources to meet the demand for GI care necessitates additional strategies. PMID:24040629

Improving access in gastroenterology: the single point of entry model for referrals.

PubMed

Novak, Kerri; Veldhuyzen Van Zanten, Sander; Pendharkar, Sachin R

2013-11-01

In 2005, a group of academic gastroenterologists in Calgary (Alberta) adopted a centralized referral intake system known as central triage. This system provided a single point of entry model (SEM) for referrals rather than the traditional system of individual practitioners managing their own referrals and queues. The goal of central triage was to improve wait times and referral management. In 2008, a similar system was developed in Edmonton at the University of Alberta Hospital (Edmonton, Alberta). SEMs have subsequently been adopted by numerous subspecialties throughout Alberta. There are many benefits of SEMs including improved access and reduced wait times. Understanding and measuring complex patient flow systems is key to improving access, and centralized intake systems provide an opportunity to better understand total demand and system bottlenecks. This knowledge is particularly important for specialties such as gastroenterology (GI), in which demand exceeds supply. While it is anticipated that SEMs will reduce wait times for GI care in Canada, the lack of sufficient resources to meet the demand for GI care necessitates additional strategies.

19 CFR 12.33 - Importation of tea; entry; examination for customs purposes.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 19 Customs Duties 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Importation of tea; entry; examination for customs... SECURITY; DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY SPECIAL CLASSES OF MERCHANDISE Tea § 12.33 Importation of tea; entry; examination for customs purposes. (a) The importation of any merchandise as tea which is inferior in purity...

Molecular Determinants of Hepatitis B and D Virus Entry Restriction in Mouse Sodium Taurocholate Cotransporting Polypeptide

PubMed Central

Yan, Huan; Peng, Bo; He, Wenhui; Zhong, Guocai; Qi, Yonghe; Ren, Bijie; Gao, Zhenchao; Jing, Zhiyi; Song, Mei; Xu, Guangwei; Sui, Jianhua

2013-01-01

Human hepatitis B virus (HBV) and its satellite virus, hepatitis D virus (HDV), primarily infect humans, chimpanzees, or tree shrews (Tupaia belangeri). Viral infections in other species are known to be mainly restricted at the entry level since viral replication can be achieved in the cells by transfection of the viral genome. Sodium taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide (NTCP) is a functional receptor for HBV and HDV, and amino acids 157 to 165 of NTCP are critical for viral entry and likely limit viral infection of macaques. However, the molecular determinants for viral entry restriction in mouse NTCP (mNTCP) remain unclear. In this study, mNTCP was found to be unable to support either HBV or HDV infection, although it can bind to pre-S1 of HBV L protein and is functional in transporting substrate taurocholate; comprehensive swapping and point mutations of human NTCP (hNTCP) and mNTCP revealed molecular determinants restricting mNTCP for viral entry of HBV and HDV. Remarkably, when mNTCP residues 84 to 87 were substituted by human counterparts, mNTCP can effectively support viral infections. In addition, a number of cell lines, regardless of their species or tissue origin, supported HDV infection when transfected with hNTCP or mNTCP with residues 84 to 87 replaced by human counterparts, highlighting the central role of NTCP for viral infections mediated by HBV envelope proteins. These studies advance our understanding of NTCP-mediated viral entry of HBV and HDV and have important implications for developing the mouse model for their infections. PMID:23678176

Pathways to the PhD in Nursing: An Analysis of Similarities and Differences.

PubMed

Nehls, Nadine; Barber, Gale; Rice, Elizabeth

2016-01-01

New educational pathways are needed to increase the number of doctor of philosophy (PhD)-prepared nurses. To address this need, an early-entry PhD option designed to engage students in PhD coursework and research during the undergraduate nursing major was developed at the University of Wisconsin-Madison. An evaluation comparing the early-entry option with two more conventional entry points was conducted. Three groups (N = 84) comprised the sample: (a) early-entry students admitted as undergraduates or immediately upon graduation (N = 29), (b) mid-entry students with baccalaureate degrees and at least 1 year of work experience (N = 27), and (c) delayed-entry students with master's degrees and 1 or more years of work experience (N = 28). Qualitative and quantitative data were collected from the 3 groups of students who were admitted from 2002 to 2011. The sources of data were transcriptions of individual interviews and reviews of existing data. Seventy-seven percent of the sample participated in the individual interviews. The database review included all students who matriculated into the PhD program. Common themes among the 3 groups included a need for educational funding, the importance of a faculty mentor, and concern about preparation for the teaching role and the academic work environment. The groups were also comparable in terms of research productivity during doctoral study and postgraduation employment. Differences were found on measures of diversity, program progression, and perceptions of clinical competence. The findings provide needed data for the development and expansion of educational pathways to the PhD in nursing. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

NORTHEAST FACADE AND ONESTORY WING FROM ENTRY DRIVE, VIEW FACING ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

NORTHEAST FACADE AND ONE-STORY WING FROM ENTRY DRIVE, VIEW FACING SOUTHWEST. - Naval Air Station Barbers Point, Control Tower & Aviation Operations Building, Near intersection of runways between Hangar 110 & Building 115, Ewa, Honolulu County, HI

INTERIOR OF NORTH ENTRY VESTIBULE, SHOWING TRANSFORMER ROOM BEHIND WIRE ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

INTERIOR OF NORTH ENTRY VESTIBULE, SHOWING TRANSFORMER ROOM BEHIND WIRE MESH, VIEW FACING EAST-SOUTHEAST. - Naval Air Station Barbers Point, Telephone Exchange, Coral Sea Road north of Bismarck Sea Road, Ewa, Honolulu County, HI

DETAIL OF ENTRY HALL AND STAIR ON SOUTH SIDE, VIEW ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

DETAIL OF ENTRY HALL AND STAIR ON SOUTH SIDE, VIEW FACING NORTH (with scale stick). - Naval Air Station Barbers Point, Telephone Exchange, Coral Sea Road north of Bismarck Sea Road, Ewa, Honolulu County, HI

Port of Davisville utilization study : phase II.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2011-02-01

This project investigated the feasibility of expanding the Port of Davisville (Quonset Point, RI) to serve : as a port of entry and departure for international container shipments. As an international port of entry : (departure), the Port of Davisvil...

15 CFR 2011.204 - Entry of specialty sugars.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 15 Commerce and Foreign Trade 3 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Entry of specialty sugars. 2011.204... UNITED STATES TRADE REPRESENTATIVE ALLOCATION OF TARIFF-RATE QUOTA ON IMPORTED SUGARS, SYRUPS AND MOLASSES Specialty Sugar § 2011.204 Entry of specialty sugars. An importer or the importer's agent must...

15 CFR 2011.204 - Entry of specialty sugars.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 15 Commerce and Foreign Trade 3 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Entry of specialty sugars. 2011.204... UNITED STATES TRADE REPRESENTATIVE ALLOCATION OF TARIFF-RATE QUOTA ON IMPORTED SUGARS, SYRUPS AND MOLASSES Specialty Sugar § 2011.204 Entry of specialty sugars. An importer or the importer's agent must...

15 CFR 2011.204 - Entry of specialty sugars.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 15 Commerce and Foreign Trade 3 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Entry of specialty sugars. 2011.204... UNITED STATES TRADE REPRESENTATIVE ALLOCATION OF TARIFF-RATE QUOTA ON IMPORTED SUGARS, SYRUPS AND MOLASSES Specialty Sugar § 2011.204 Entry of specialty sugars. An importer or the importer's agent must...

15 CFR 2011.204 - Entry of specialty sugars.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 15 Commerce and Foreign Trade 3 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Entry of specialty sugars. 2011.204... UNITED STATES TRADE REPRESENTATIVE ALLOCATION OF TARIFF-RATE QUOTA ON IMPORTED SUGARS, SYRUPS AND MOLASSES Specialty Sugar § 2011.204 Entry of specialty sugars. An importer or the importer's agent must...

15 CFR 2011.204 - Entry of specialty sugars.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 15 Commerce and Foreign Trade 3 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Entry of specialty sugars. 2011.204... UNITED STATES TRADE REPRESENTATIVE ALLOCATION OF TARIFF-RATE QUOTA ON IMPORTED SUGARS, SYRUPS AND MOLASSES Specialty Sugar § 2011.204 Entry of specialty sugars. An importer or the importer's agent must...

15 CFR 30.51 - Statistical information required for import entries.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 15 Commerce and Foreign Trade 1 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Statistical information required for import entries. 30.51 Section 30.51 Commerce and Foreign Trade Regulations Relating to Commerce and... § 30.51 Statistical information required for import entries. The information required for statistical...

15 CFR 30.51 - Statistical information required for import entries.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 15 Commerce and Foreign Trade 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Statistical information required for import entries. 30.51 Section 30.51 Commerce and Foreign Trade Regulations Relating to Commerce and... § 30.51 Statistical information required for import entries. The information required for statistical...

Angle of Attack Modulation for Mars Entry Terminal State Optimization

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Lafleur, Jarret M.; Cerimele, Christopher J.

2009-01-01

From the perspective of atmospheric entry, descent, and landing (EDL), one of the most foreboding destinations in the solar system is Mars due in part to its exceedingly thin atmosphere. To benchmark best possible scenarios for evaluation of potential Mars EDL system designs, a study is conducted to optimize the entry-to-terminal-state portion of EDL for a variety of entry velocities and vehicle masses, focusing on the identification of potential benefits of enabling angle of attack modulation. The terminal state is envisioned as one appropriate for the initiation of terminal descent via parachute or other means. A particle swarm optimizer varies entry flight path angle, ten bank profile points, and ten angle of attack profile points to find maximum-final-altitude trajectories for a 10 30 m ellipsled at 180 different combinations of values for entry mass, entry velocity, terminal Mach number, and minimum allowable altitude. Parametric plots of maximum achievable altitude are shown, as are examples of optimized trajectories. It is shown that appreciable terminal state altitude gains (2.5-4.0 km) over pure bank angle control may be possible if angle of attack modulation is enabled for Mars entry vehicles. Gains of this magnitude could prove to be enabling for missions requiring high-altitude landing sites. Conclusions are also drawn regarding trends in the bank and angle of attack profiles that produce the optimal trajectories in this study, and directions for future work are identified.

Entry-Level Doctorate for Occupational Therapists: An Assessment of Attitudes of Occupational Therapists and Occupational Therapy Assistants

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

McCombie, Randy P.

2016-01-01

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to survey occupational therapists (OTs) and occupational therapy assistants (OTAs) on their attitudes toward a possible move to the entry-level doctorate as the mandated singular point of entry into the profession for OTs. Method: The study surveyed a random sample of 600 OTs and 600 OTAs from two…

FACILITY 363, INTERIOR. KITCHEN AS SEEN FROM LIVING ROOM ENTRY ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

FACILITY 363, INTERIOR. KITCHEN AS SEEN FROM LIVING ROOM ENTRY . VIEW FACING SOUTH. - U.S. Naval Base, Pearl Harbor, Naval Housing Area Hospital Point, Pharmacist's Quarters Type, 13-16 First Street, Pearl City, Honolulu County, HI

Local activation time sampling density for atrial tachycardia contact mapping: how much is enough?

PubMed

Williams, Steven E; Harrison, James L; Chubb, Henry; Whitaker, John; Kiedrowicz, Radek; Rinaldi, Christopher A; Cooklin, Michael; Wright, Matthew; Niederer, Steven; O'Neill, Mark D

2018-02-01

Local activation time (LAT) mapping forms the cornerstone of atrial tachycardia diagnosis. Although anatomic and positional accuracy of electroanatomic mapping (EAM) systems have been validated, the effect of electrode sampling density on LAT map reconstruction is not known. Here, we study the effect of chamber geometry and activation complexity on optimal LAT sampling density using a combined in silico and in vivo approach. In vivo 21 atrial tachycardia maps were studied in three groups: (1) focal activation, (2) macro-re-entry, and (3) localized re-entry. In silico activation was simulated on a 4×4cm atrial monolayer, sampled randomly at 0.25-10 points/cm2 and used to re-interpolate LAT maps. Activation patterns were studied in the geometrically simple porcine right atrium (RA) and complex human left atrium (LA). Activation complexity was introduced into the porcine RA by incomplete inter-caval linear ablation. In all cases, optimal sampling density was defined as the highest density resulting in minimal further error reduction in the re-interpolated maps. Optimal sampling densities for LA tachycardias were 0.67 ± 0.17 points/cm2 (focal activation), 1.05 ± 0.32 points/cm2 (macro-re-entry) and 1.23 ± 0.26 points/cm2 (localized re-entry), P = 0.0031. Increasing activation complexity was associated with increased optimal sampling density both in silico (focal activation 1.09 ± 0.14 points/cm2; re-entry 1.44 ± 0.49 points/cm2; spiral-wave 1.50 ± 0.34 points/cm2, P < 0.0001) and in vivo (porcine RA pre-ablation 0.45 ± 0.13 vs. post-ablation 0.78 ± 0.17 points/cm2, P = 0.0008). Increasing chamber geometry was also associated with increased optimal sampling density (0.61 ± 0.22 points/cm2 vs. 1.0 ± 0.34 points/cm2, P = 0.0015). Optimal sampling densities can be identified to maximize diagnostic yield of LAT maps. Greater sampling density is required to correctly reveal complex activation and represent activation across complex geometries. Overall, the optimal sampling density for LAT map interpolation defined in this study was ∼1.0-1.5 points/cm2. Published on behalf of the European Society of Cardiology

Retrograde lag screw placement in anterior acetabular column with regard to the anterior pelvic plane and midsagittal plane -- virtual mapping of 260 three-dimensional hemipelvises for quantitative anatomic analysis.

PubMed

Ochs, Bjoern Gunnar; Stuby, Fabian Maria; Ateschrang, Atesch; Stoeckle, Ulrich; Gonser, Christoph Emanuel

2014-10-01

Percutaneous screw placement can be used for minimally invasive treatment of none or minimally displaced fractures of the anterior column. The complex pelvic geometry can pose a major challenge even for experienced surgeons. The present study examined the preformed bone stock of the anterior column in 260 hemipelvises (130 male and 130 female). Screws were virtually implanted using iPlan(®) CMF (BrainLAB AG, Feldkirchen, Germany); the maximal implant length and the maximal implant diameter were assessed. The study showed, that 6.5mm can generally be used in men; in women however individual planning is essential in regard to the maximal implant diameter since we found that in 15.4% of women, screws with a diameter less than 6.5mm were necessary. The virtual analysis of the preformed bone stock corridor of the anterior column showed two constrictions of crucial clinical importance. These can be found after 18% and 55% (men) respectively 16% and 55% (women) measured from the entry point along the axis of the implant. The entry point of the retrograde anterior column screw in our collective was located lateral of tuberculum pubicum at the level of the superior-medial margin of foramen obturatum. In female patients, the entry point was located significantly more lateral of symphysis and closer to the cranial margin of ramus superior ossis pubis. The mean angle between the screw trajectory and the anterior pelvic plane in sagittal section was 31.6 ± 5.5°, the mean angle between the screw trajectory and the midsagittal plane in axial section was 55.9 ± 4.6° and the mean angle between the screw trajectory and the midsagittal plane in coronal section was 42.1 ± 3.9° with no significant deviation between both sexes. The individual angles formed by the screw trajectory and the anterior pelvic and midsagittal plane are independent from anthropometric parameters sex, age, body length and weight. Therefore, they can be used for orientation in lag screw placement keeping in mind that the entry point differs in both sexes. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

7 CFR 996.60 - Safeguard procedures for imported peanuts.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... foreign-produced peanut lot at a port-of-entry, the importer, or customs broker acting on behalf of the importer, shall mail or send by facsimile transmission (fax) a copy of the Customs Service entry... peanut shipment. More than one lot may be entered on one entry document. The documentation shall include...

7 CFR 996.60 - Safeguard procedures for imported peanuts.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... foreign-produced peanut lot at a port-of-entry, the importer, or customs broker acting on behalf of the importer, shall mail or send by facsimile transmission (fax) a copy of the Customs Service entry... peanut shipment. More than one lot may be entered on one entry document. The documentation shall include...

7 CFR 996.60 - Safeguard procedures for imported peanuts.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... foreign-produced peanut lot at a port-of-entry, the importer, or customs broker acting on behalf of the importer, shall mail or send by facsimile transmission (fax) a copy of the Customs Service entry... peanut shipment. More than one lot may be entered on one entry document. The documentation shall include...

7 CFR 996.60 - Safeguard procedures for imported peanuts.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... foreign-produced peanut lot at a port-of-entry, the importer, or customs broker acting on behalf of the importer, shall mail or send by facsimile transmission (fax) a copy of the Customs Service entry... peanut shipment. More than one lot may be entered on one entry document. The documentation shall include...

7 CFR 996.60 - Safeguard procedures for imported peanuts.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... foreign-produced peanut lot at a port-of-entry, the importer, or customs broker acting on behalf of the importer, shall mail or send by facsimile transmission (fax) a copy of the Customs Service entry... peanut shipment. More than one lot may be entered on one entry document. The documentation shall include...

Characterization of the receptor-binding domain of Ebola glycoprotein in viral entry.

PubMed

Wang, Jizhen; Manicassamy, Balaji; Caffrey, Michael; Rong, Lijun

2011-06-01

Ebola virus infection causes severe hemorrhagic fever in human and non-human primates with high mortality. Viral entry/infection is initiated by binding of glycoprotein GP protein on Ebola virion to host cells, followed by fusion of virus-cell membrane also mediated by GP. Using an human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-based pseudotyping system, the roles of 41 Ebola GP1 residues in the receptor-binding domain in viral entry were studied by alanine scanning substitutions. We identified that four residues appear to be involved in protein folding/structure and four residues are important for viral entry. An improved entry interference assay was developed and used to study the role of these residues that are important for viral entry. It was found that R64 and K95 are involved in receptor binding. In contrast, some residues such as I170 are important for viral entry, but do not play a major role in receptor binding as indicated by entry interference assay and/or protein binding data, suggesting that these residues are involved in post-binding steps of viral entry. Furthermore, our results also suggested that Ebola and Marburg viruses share a common cellular molecule for entry.

U.S. Army Delayed Entry Program Optimization Model

DTIC Science & Technology

2004-08-01

United States Military Academy West Point, New York 10996 OPERATIONS RESEARCH CENTER OF EXCELLENCE TECHNICAL REPORT No. DSE-TR- 0428 DTIC #: ADAXXXXX...following entries: Author(s) Department of Systems Engineering 2 Mahan Hall West Point, NY 10996 Client USAAC CAR 4 1307 Third Ave., Fort Knox, KY 40121...Wolter, LTC Michael J. Kwinn, Jr., LTC John Halstead DSE-R- 0428 5S. TASK NUMBER 5f. WORK UNIT NUMBER 7. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) 8

50 CFR 660.381 - Limited entry trawl fishery management measures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... conditions: vessels fishing with mid-water trawl gear on Pacific whiting trips during the primary whiting... Cave, Anacapa Island, Carrington Point, Judith Rock, Skunk Point, Footprint, Gull Island, South Point...

An ultra fast detection method reveals strain-induced Ca(2+) entry via TRPV2 in alveolar type II cells.

PubMed

Fois, Giorgio; Wittekindt, Oliver; Zheng, Xing; Felder, Erika Tatiana; Miklavc, Pika; Frick, Manfred; Dietl, Paul; Felder, Edward

2012-09-01

A commonly used technique to investigate strain-induced responses of adherent cells is culturing them on an elastic membrane and globally stretching the membrane. However, it is virtually impossible to acquire microscopic images immediately after the stretch with this method. Using a newly developed technique, we recorded the strain-induced increase of the cytoplasmic Ca(2+) concentration ([Ca(2+)](c)) in rat primary alveolar type II (ATII) cells at an acquisition rate of 30ms and without any temporal delay. We can show that the onset of the mechanically induced rise in [Ca(2+)](c) was very fast (<30 ms), and Ca(2+) entry was immediately abrogated when the stimulus was withdrawn. This points at a direct mechanical activation of an ion channel. RT-PCR revealed high expression of TRPV2 in ATII cells, and silencing TRPV2, as well as blocking TRPV channels with ruthenium red, significantly reduced the strain-induced Ca(2+) response. Moreover, the usually homogenous pattern of the strain-induced [Ca(2+)](c) increase was converted into a point-like response after both treatments. Also interfering with actin/myosin and integrin binding inhibited the strain-induced increase of [Ca(2)](c). We conclude that TRPV2 participates in strain-induced Ca(2+) entry in ATII cells and suggest a direct mechanical activation of the channel that depends on FAs and actin/myosin. Furthermore, our results underline the importance of cell strain systems that allow high temporal resolution.

INTERIOR OF SOUTH ENTRY AIRLOCK SHOWING STEEL DOORS OPENING TO ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

INTERIOR OF SOUTH ENTRY AIRLOCK SHOWING STEEL DOORS OPENING TO OUTSIDE AND INTO MAIN EQUIPMENT ROOM, VIEW FACING SOUTHEAST. - Naval Air Station Barbers Point, Telephone Exchange, Coral Sea Road north of Bismarck Sea Road, Ewa, Honolulu County, HI

Survivors of self-inflicted gunshot wounds to the head: characterization of ocular injuries and health care costs.

PubMed

Reddy, Amit K; Baker, Meredith S; Sobel, Rachel K; Whelan, David A; Carter, Keith D; Allen, Richard C

2014-06-01

Suicides and attempted suicides are major public health issues in the United States and around the world. Self-inflicted gunshot wounds (SIGSWs) are a common method of attempting suicide, the head being the most commonly injured body region; however, the literature lacks an overview of the orbital and ocular injuries as well as outcomes associated with SIGSWs. To characterize the ocular and orbital injuries and outcomes of patients presenting with SIGSWs and to examine the cost associated with these injuries. Retrospective medical record review was performed of all patients who presented to the University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics between 2003 to 2013 with the admitting diagnosis of self-inflicted injuries via firearms. Patients with no periorbital or ocular injuries and/or those who did not survive for at least 2 months following the incident were excluded. Ocular injuries and outcomes and health care costs and reimbursements, which were generated by a financial report obtained from the hospital finance department that included data from both the hospital billing and cost accounting systems. All patients in this study (n = 18) were men with a mean age of 47.2 years. Eight patients (44.4%) displayed submental missile entry points, 7 (38.9%) displayed intraoral entry points, and 3 (16.7%) displayed pericranial entry points. Patients with pericranial entries sustained more severe ocular injuries and had poorer ocular outcomes. Seven patients (38.9%) were found at final follow-up to have visual acuity of 20/40 or better in each eye and all showed missile trajectories in the sagittal plane. The mean cost of treatment of these patients totaled $117,338 while the mean reimbursement amount was $124,388. Data regarding ocular injuries and outcomes may assist ophthalmologists in the treatment of patients with SIGSWs in the future. Many patients had extremely functional vision at final follow-ups, which highlights the importance of specialists conducting examinations and reconstructive procedures promptly, carefully, and thoroughly. Cost and reimbursement data suggest that while these cases place a large financial burden on society, they may not burden hospital systems in the same way.

Feasibility study of low angle planetary entry. [probe design for Jovian entry

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Defrees, R. E.

1975-01-01

The feasibility of a Jovian entry by a probe originally designed for Saturn and Uranus entries is examined. An entry probe is described which is capable of release near an outer planet's sphere of influence and descent to a predetermined target entry point in the planet's atmosphere. The probe is designed so as to survive the trapped particle radiation belts and an entry heating pulse. Data is gathered and relayed to an overflying spacecraft bus during descent. Probe variations for two similar missions are described. In the first flyby of Jupiter by a Pioneer spacecraft launched during the 1979 opportunity is examined parametrically. In the second mission an orbiter based on Pioneer and launched in 1980 is defined in specific terms. The differences rest in the science payloads and directly affected wiring and electronics packages.

19 CFR 10.31 - Entry; bond.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... for sound or television broadcasting, cinematographic equipment, articles imported for sports purposes... ARTICLES CONDITIONALLY FREE, SUBJECT TO A REDUCED RATE, ETC. General Provisions Temporary Importations Under Bond § 10.31 Entry; bond. (a)(1) Entry of articles brought into the United States temporarily and...

Admission interview scores are associated with clinical performance in an undergraduate physiotherapy course: an observational study.

PubMed

Edgar, Susan; Mercer, Annette; Hamer, Peter

2014-12-01

The purpose of this study was to determine if there is an association between admission interview score and subsequent academic and clinical performance, in a four-year undergraduate physiotherapy course. Retrospective observational study. 141 physiotherapy students enrolled in two entry year groups. Individual student performance in all course units, practical examinations, clinical placements as well as year level and overall Grade Point Average. Predictor variables included admission interview scores, admission academic scores and demographic data (gender, age and entry level). Interview score demonstrated a significant association with performance in three of six clinical placements through the course. This association was stronger than for any other admission criterion although effect sizes were small to moderate. Further, it was the only admission score to have a significant association with overall Clinical Grade Point Average for the two year groups analysed (r=0.322). By contrast, academic scores on entry showed significant associations with all year level Grade Point Averages except Year 4, the clinical year. This is the first study to review the predictive validity of an admission interview for entry into a physiotherapy course in Australia. The results show that performance in this admission interview is associated with overall performance in clinical placements through the course, while academic admission scoring is not. These findings suggest that there is a role for both academic and non-academic selection processes for entry into physiotherapy. Copyright © 2014 Chartered Society of Physiotherapy. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

An Implicit Finite Difference Solution to the Viscous Radiating Shock Layer with Strong Blowing. Ph.D. Thesis

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Garrett, L. B.

1971-01-01

An implicit finite difference scheme is developed for the fully coupled solution of the viscous radiating stagnation line equations, including strong blowing. Solutions are presented for both air injection and carbon phenolic ablation products injection into air at conditions near the peak radiative heating point in an earth entry trajectory from interplanetary return missions. A detailed radiative transport code that accounts for the important radiative exchange processes for gaseous mixtures in local thermodynamic and chemical equilibrium is utilized.

Point-of-care technology supports bedside documentation.

PubMed

Carlson, Elizabeth; Catrambone, Cathy; Oder, Karl; Nauseda, Susan; Fogg, Lou; Garcia, Brian; Brown, Frederick M; Johnson, Mary E; Johnson, Tricia J; Llewellyn, Jane

2010-09-01

As the conversion to an electronic health record intensifies, the question of which data-entry device works best in what environment and situation is paramount. Specifically, what is the best mix of equipment to purchase and install on clinical units based on staff preferences and budget constraints? The authors discuss their evaluation of stationary personal computers, workshops on wheels, and handheld tablets related to timeliness of data entry and their use of focus groups to ascertain the pros/cons of data-entry devices and staff preferences. An assessment of the implications for costs related to the timeliness of data entry is also presented.

Toxicological database of soil and derived products (BDT).

PubMed

Uricchio, Vito Felice

2008-01-01

The Toxicological database of soil and derived products is a project firstly proposed by the Regional Environmental Authority of Apulia. Such a project aims to provide comprehensive and updated information on the regional environmental characteristics, on the pollution state of the regional soil, on the main pollutants and on the reclaim techniques to be used in case of both non-point (agricultural activities) and point (industrial activities) sources of pollution. The project's focus is on the soil pollution because of the fundamental role played by the soil in supporting the biological cycle. Furthermore, the reasons for the project are related both to the reduction of human health risks due to toxic substances ingestion (these substances are present in some ring of the eating chain), and to the recognition of the importance of the groundwater quality safety (primary source of fresh water in many Mediterranean Regions). The essential requirements of a data entry are the following: speed and simplicity of the data entry; reliability and stability of the database structures; speed, easiness and pliability of the queries. Free consultation of the database represents one of the most remarkable advantages coming from the use of an "open" system.

Targeted True Lumen Re-Entry With the Outback Catheter: Accuracy, Success, and Complications in 100 Peripheral Chronic Total Occlusions and Systematic Review of the Literature.

PubMed

Kitrou, Panagiotis; Parthipun, Aneeta; Diamantopoulos, Athanasios; Paraskevopoulos, Ioannis; Karunanithy, Narayan; Katsanos, Konstantinos

2015-08-01

To report a single-center experience with the Outback re-entry device for targeted distal true lumen re-entry during subintimal recanalization of chronic total occlusions (CTOs) and compare the results with a systematic review of the literature. Between February 2011 and July 2013, 104 Outback devices were employed in 91 patients (mean age 64±9 years; 57 men) for subintimal recanalization of 100 vessels with CTOs after initial failure of spontaneous reentry. Fifty-two cases involved a retrograde approach to aortoiliac occlusions and 48 were re-entry attempts in infrainguinal CTOs. Outcome measures included complications and technical success, defined as successful targeted re-entry at the preplanned site of the distal true lumen. To evaluate device accuracy, the re-entry distance (between the point of true vessel reconstitution and the eventual re-entry point) was measured. Outback success was 93% (93/100); only 7 cases failed owing to heavy calcification (5/52 aortoiliac vs 2/48 infrainguinal, p=0.44). Re-entry was highly accurate, with a re-entry distance of ~1 cm in both subgroups (1.2±0.1 cm in aortoiliac vs 1.3±0.1 cm in infrainguinal, p=0.40). There were no major and 17 minor complications (9/52 aortoiliac vs 8/48 infrainguinal, p=0.93). Results are in line with the systematic review that identified 11 studies (only 1 randomized trial) involving mostly the femoropopliteal segment (119 aortoiliac and 464 infrainguinal segments). The pooled Outback success rate was 90% (95% confidence interval 85% to 94%) and the pooled complication rate was 4.3% (95% confidence interval 1.6% to 8.3%). The Outback device is safe and has a very high rate of achieving targeted true lumen re-entry, which minimizes the sacrifice of healthy vessel in the aortoiliac and infrainguinal arteries. © The Author(s) 2015.

75 FR 82241 - Technical Correction: Completion of Entry and Entry Summary-Declaration of Value

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-12-30

... Entry Summary-- Declaration of Value AGENCY: Customs and Border Protection, Department of Homeland... manner by which the declared transaction value on imported merchandise was determined. This requirement... whether the transaction value of imported merchandise is determined on the basis of the price paid by the...

19 CFR 132.24 - Entry.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 19 Customs Duties 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Entry. 132.24 Section 132.24 Customs Duties U.S. CUSTOMS AND BORDER PROTECTION, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY; DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY QUOTAS Mail Importation of Absolute Quota Merchandise § 132.24 Entry. Unless a formal entry or entry by appraisement is...

19 CFR 132.24 - Entry.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 19 Customs Duties 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Entry. 132.24 Section 132.24 Customs Duties U.S. CUSTOMS AND BORDER PROTECTION, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY; DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY QUOTAS Mail Importation of Absolute Quota Merchandise § 132.24 Entry. Unless a formal entry or entry by appraisement is...

Parametric Study of Cantilever Plates Exposed to Supersonic and Hypersonic Flows

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sri Harsha, A.; Rizwan, M.; Kuldeep, S.; Giridhara Prasad, A.; Akhil, J.; Nagaraja, S. R.

2017-08-01

Analysis of hypersonic flows associated with re-entry vehicles has gained a lot of significance due to the advancements in Aerospace Engineering. An area that is studied extensively by researchers is the simultaneous reduction aerodynamic drag and aero heating in re-entry vehicles. Out of the many strategies being studied, the use of aerospikes at the stagnation point of the vehicle is found to give favourable results. The structural stability of the aerospike becomes important as it is exposed to very high pressures and temperatures. Keeping this in view, the deflection and vibration of an inclined cantilever plate in hypersonic flow is carried out using ANSYS. Steady state pressure distribution obtained from Fluent is applied as load to the transient structural module for analysis. After due validation of the methods, the effects of parameters like flow Mach number, plate inclination and plate thickness on the deflection and vibration are studied.

Single Pilot Workload Management During Cruise in Entry Level Jets

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Burian, Barbara K.; Pruchnicki, Shawn; Christopher, Bonny; Silverman, Evan; Hackworth, Carla; Rogers, Jason; Williams, Kevin; Drechsler, Gena; Runnels, Barry; Mead, Andy

2013-01-01

Advanced technologies and automation are important facilitators of single pilot operations, but they also contribute to the workload management challenges faced by the pilot. We examined task completion, workload management, and automation use in an entry level jet (ELJ) flown by single pilots. Thirteen certificated Cessna Citation Mustang (C510-S) pilots flew an instrument flight rules (IFR) experimental flight in a Cessna Citation Mustang simulator. At one point participants had to descend to meet a crossing restriction prior to a waypoint and prepare for an instrument approach into an un-towered field while facilitating communication from a lost pilot who was flying too low for ATC to hear. Four participants experienced some sort of difficulty with regard to meeting the crossing restriction and almost half (n=6) had problems associated with the instrument approach. Additional errors were also observed including eight participants landing at the airport with an incorrect altimeter setting.

Intravascular ultrasound guided wiring re-entry technique for complex chronic total occlusions.

PubMed

Huang, Wei-Chieh; Teng, Hsin-I; Hsueh, Chien-Hung; Lin, Shing-Jong; Chan, Wan-Leong; Lu, Tse-Min

2018-05-03

The successful recanalization rate of chronic total occlusion (CTO) lesions without retrograde collaterals available is always low. Intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) may be useful to guide the subintimal guidewire to re-enter the true lumen. We evaluated the clinical feasibility and efficacy of the IVUS-guided wiring re-entry technique for these complex CTO lesions. Twenty consecutive patients (19 male, mean age: 65.3 ± 12.8 years) with both failed antegrade and retrograde approaches were enrolled. The IVUS catheter was introduced into the subintimal space to identify the entry point into the subintimal space, and guide another stiff wire to re-enter the true lumen with the adjacent side-branch or first wire as markers, or using IVUS-guided parallel wire technique. The entry point into the subintimal space was identified by IVUS in all cases, and the IVUS-guided wiring re-entry technique succeeded in 17 cases (85%). No procedure-related complication was noted except one case of delayed cardiac tamponade due to the wire perforation. During the mean follow-up period of 1.9 ± 1.3 years, there was no adverse cardiac event, except one patient died of the complication of cardiac transplantation. The IVUS-guided wiringre-entry technique might be feasible and safe for the recanalization of complex CTO lesions. © 2018, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Market entry and exit by biotech and device companies funded by venture capital.

PubMed

Burns, Lawton R; Housman, Michael G; Robinson, Charles A

2009-01-01

Start-up companies in the biotechnology and medical device sectors are important sources of health care innovation. This paper describes the role of venture capital in supporting these companies and charts the growth in venture capital financial support. The paper then uses longitudinal data to describe market entry and exit by these companies. Similar factors are associated with entry and exit in the two sectors. Entries and exits in one sector also appear to influence entry in the other. These findings have important implications for developing innovative technologies and ensuring competitive markets in the life sciences.

Modified C1 lateral mass screw insertion using a high entry point to avoid postoperative occipital neuralgia.

PubMed

Lee, Sun-Ho; Kim, Eun-Sang; Eoh, Whan

2013-01-01

For the past decade, a screw-rod construct has been used commonly to stabilize the atlantoaxial joint, but the insertion of the screw through the C1 lateral mass (LM) can cause several complications. We evaluated whether using a higher screw entry point for C1 lateral mass (LM) fixation than in the standard procedure could prevent screw-induced occipital neuralgia. We enrolled 12 consecutive patients who underwent bilateral C1 LM fixation, with the modified screw insertion point at the junction of the C1 posterior arch and the midpoint of the posterior inferior portion of the C1 LM. We measured postoperative clinical and radiological parameters and recorded intraoperative complications, postoperative neurological deficits and the occurrence of occipital neuralgia. Postoperative plain radiographs were used to check for malpositioning of the screw or failure of the construct. Four patients underwent atlantoaxial stabilization for a transverse ligament injury or a C1 or C2 fracture, six patients for os odontoideum, and two patients for C2 metastasis. No patient experienced vertebral artery injury or cerebrospinal fluid leak, and all had minimal blood loss. No patient suffered significant occipital neuralgia, although one patient developed mild, transient unilateral neuralgia. There was also no radiographic evidence of construct failure. Twenty screws were positioned correctly through the intended entry points, but three screws were placed inferiorly (that is, below the arch), and one screw was inserted too medially. When performing C1-C2 fixation using the standard (Harms) construct, surgeons should be aware of the possible development of occipital neuralgia. A higher entry point may prevent this complication; therefore, we recommend that the screw should be inserted into the arch of C1 if it can be accommodated. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Why Some Dash, Why Others Hobble. School Publications

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Nation's Schools, 1972

1972-01-01

Judges of first annual school publications contest discuss both good and bad points about publications submitted in the six contest categories of recruitment, finance, community newsletters, internal publications, annual reports, and special topic publications. Of the 736 entries from 289 school districts in 43 states, 151 entries were selected.…

76 FR 13703 - New Origin Entry Separation & Containerization Standards

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-03-14

... requirements for mailings and the number of pieces required per presort level will remain the same. Except as... for Periodicals piece processing based on the origin entry point. Prepare container (pallet) placards... for a reduction of sack handling and the expedited processing of individual pieces, and will result in...

Think Exit at Entry

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

O'Rourke, Tom; Satterfield, Coy E.

2005-01-01

This paper describes the "Think Exit at Entry" program that has become the guiding principle for the Georgia Department of Juvenile Justice (DJJ). The Georgia DJJ believes that the transition process begins the day the youth enters the system and continues well after release from the institution. Literature points the need for transition…

75 FR 36089 - Payment System Risk Policy; Daylight Overdraft Posting Rules

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-06-24

... and includes only Accounts Receivable Entry (ARC), Back Office Conversion Entry (BOC), Point-of... account balance and daylight overdraft balance in Account Management Information (AMI), which is a service... under the authority delegated to the Board by the Office of Management and Budget. No collections of...

32 CFR 525.4 - Entry authorization (policy).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... single or multiple entries. (4) Captains of ships and/or marine vessels planning to enter Kwajalein... of passengers (include list when practicable). (vi) Purpose of flight. (vii) Plan of flight route, including the point of origin of flight and its designation and estimated date and times of arrival and...

32 CFR 525.4 - Entry authorization (policy).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... single or multiple entries. (4) Captains of ships and/or marine vessels planning to enter Kwajalein... of passengers (include list when practicable). (vi) Purpose of flight. (vii) Plan of flight route, including the point of origin of flight and its designation and estimated date and times of arrival and...

Review of chemical-kinetic problems of future NASA missions, II: Mars entries

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Park, Chul; Howe, John T.; Jaffe, Richard L.; Candler, Graham V.

1994-01-01

The present work aims to derive a set of thermomechanical relaxation rate parameters and chemical reaction rate coefficients relevant to future interplanetary missions. It also attempts to assess the impact of thermochemical nonequilibrium phenomena on radiative heating rates for the stagnation point of the Martian entry vehicle.

7 CFR 319.55-3 - Ports of entry.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

..., DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE FOREIGN QUARANTINE NOTICES Rice Rules and Regulations § 319.55-3 Ports of entry. (a) For importations of seed or paddy rice from the Republic of Mexico, permits will be issued for entry... Quarantine Programs. (b) For importations of rice straw and rice hulls from all foreign countries, permits...

7 CFR 319.55-3 - Ports of entry.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

..., DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE FOREIGN QUARANTINE NOTICES Rice Rules and Regulations § 319.55-3 Ports of entry. (a) For importations of seed or paddy rice from the Republic of Mexico, permits will be issued for entry... Quarantine Programs. (b) For importations of rice straw and rice hulls from all foreign countries, permits...

Whole-house arsenic water treatment provided more effective arsenic exposure reduction than point-of-use water treatment at New Jersey homes with arsenic in well water

PubMed Central

Spayd, Steven E.; Robson, Mark G.; Buckley, Brian T.

2014-01-01

A comparison of the effectiveness of whole house (point-of-entry) and point-of-use arsenic water treatment systems in reducing arsenic exposure from well water was conducted. The non-randomized observational study recruited 49 subjects having elevated arsenic in their residential home well water in New Jersey. The subjects obtained either point-of-entry or point-of-use arsenic water treatment. Prior ingestion exposure to arsenic in well water was calculated by measuring arsenic concentrations in the well water and obtaining water-use histories for each subject, including years of residence with the current well and amount of water consumed from the well per day. A series of urine samples were collected from the subjects, some starting before water treatment was installed and continuing for at least nine months after treatment had begun. Urine samples were analyzed and speciated for inorganic-related arsenic concentrations. A two-phase clearance of inorganic-related arsenic from urine and the likelihood of a significant body burden from chronic exposure to arsenic in drinking water were identified. After nine months of water treatment the adjusted mean of the urinary inorganic-related arsenic concentrations were significantly lower (p < 0.0005) in the point-of-entry treatment group (2.5 μg/g creatinine) than in the point-of-use treatment group (7.2 μg/g creatinine). The results suggest that whole house arsenic water treatment systems provide a more effective reduction of arsenic exposure from well water than that obtained by point-of-use treatment. PMID:24975493

Outcomes of Computerized Physician Order Entry in an Electronic Health Record After Implementation in an Outpatient Oncology Setting

PubMed Central

Harshberger, Cara A.; Harper, Abigail J.; Carro, George W.; Spath, Wayne E.; Hui, Wendy C.; Lawton, Jessica M.; Brockstein, Bruce E.

2011-01-01

Purpose: Computerized physician order entry (CPOE) in electronic health records (EHR) has been recognized as an important tool in optimal health care provision that can reduce errors and improve safety. The objective of this study is to describe documentation completeness and user satisfaction of medical charts before and after implementation of an outpatient oncology EHR/ CPOE system in a hospital-based outpatient cancer center within three treatment sites. Methods: This study is a retrospective chart review of 90 patients who received one of the following regimens between 1999 and 2006: FOLFOX, AC, carboplatin + paclitaxel, ABVD, cisplatin + etoposide, R-CHOP, and clinical trials. Documentation completeness scores were assigned to each chart based on the number of documented data points found out of the total data points assessed. EHR/CPOE documentation completeness was compared with completeness of paper charts orders of the same regimens. A user satisfaction survey of the paper chart and EHR/CPOE system was conducted among the physicians, nurses, and pharmacists who worked with both systems. Results: The mean percentage of identified data points successfully found in the EHR/CPOE charts was 93% versus 67% in the paper charts (P < .001). Regimen complexity did not alter the number of data points found. The survey response rate was 64%, and the results showed that satisfaction was statistically significant in favor of the EHR/CPOE system. Conclusion: Using EHR/CPOE systems improves completeness of medical record and chemotherapy order documentation and improves user satisfaction with the medical record system. EHR/CPOE requires constant vigilance and maintenance to optimize patient safety. PMID:22043187

Virtual Reality Modelling Simulation of the Re-entry Motion of an Axialsymmetric Vehicle

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Guidi, A.; Chu, Q.. P.; Mulder, J. A.

This work started during the stability analysis of the Delft Aerospace Re-entry Test demonstrator (DART) which is a small axisymmetric ballistic re-entry vehicle. The dynamic stability evaluation of an axisymmetric re-entry vehicle is especially concerned on the behaviour of its angle of attack during the flight through the atmosphere. The variation in the angle of attack is essential for prediction of the trajectory of the vehicle and for heating requirement of the structure of the vehicle. The concept of the total angle of attack and the windward meridian plane are introduced. The position of the centre of pressure can be a crucial point in the stability of the vehicle. Although the simpleness of an axisymmetric shape, the re-entry of such a vehicle is characterised by several complex phenomenologies that were analysed with the aid of the flight simulator and of a 3D virtual reality modeling simulator. Simulations were performed with a 25° AOA initial condition in order to simulate the response of the vehicle to a disturbance that may occur during the flight causing a variation in attitude from its Trim . Certain aspects of re-entry vehicle motion are conveniently described in the terms of Euler angles. Using the Eulerian angle it is possible to generate a tridimensional animation of the output of the Flight Simulator. This tridimensional analysis is of great importance in order to understand the mentioned complex motions. Furthermore with growing in computer power it is possible to generate online visualisation of the simulations. The output of the flight simulator was used in a software written in Virtual Reality Modelling Language (VRML). With VRML this software was possible the visualisation of the re-entry motion of the vehicle. With this option the animation can run on-line during the with the flight simulator and can be also easily published on the internet or send to other users in very small file size. (the VRLM simulation of the re-entry, can be seen at the official DART internet site: www.dart-project.com)

Physiologically constrained aerocapture for manned Mars missions

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Lyne, James Evans

1992-01-01

Aerobraking has been proposed as a critical technology for manned missions to Mars. The variety of mission architectures currently under consideration presents aerobrake designers with an enormous range of potential entry scenarios. Two of the most important considerations in the design of an aerobrake are the required control authority (lift-to-drag ratio) and the aerothermal environment which the vehicle will encounter. Therefore, this study examined the entry corridor width and stagnation-point heating rate and load for the entire range of probable entry velocities, lift-to-drag ratios, and ballistic coefficients for capture at both Earth and Mars. To accomplish this, a peak deceleration limit for the aerocapture maneuvers had to be established. Previous studies had used a variety of load limits without adequate proof of their validity. Existing physiological and space flight data were examined, and it was concluded that a deceleration limit of 5 G was appropriate. When this load limit was applied, numerical studies showed that an aerobrake with an L/D of 0.3 could provide an entry corridor width of at least 1 degree for all Mars aerocaptures considered with entry velocities up to 9 km/s. If 10 km/s entries are required, an L/D of 0.4 to 0.5 would be necessary to maintain a corridor width of at least 1 degree. For Earth return aerocapture, a vehicle with an L/D of 0.4 to 0.5 was found to provide a corridor width of 0.7 degree or more for all entry velocities up to 14.5 km/s. Aerodynamic convective heating calculations were performed assuming a fully catalytic, 'cold' wall; radiative heating was calculated assuming that the shock layer was in thermochemical equilibrium. Heating rates were low enough for selected entries at Mars that a radiatively cooled thermal protection system might be feasible, although an ablative material would be required for most scenarios. Earth return heating rates were generally more severe than those encountered by the Apollo vehicles, and would require ablative heat shields in all cases.

40 CFR 82.24 - Recordkeeping and reporting requirements for class II controlled substances.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... transformation; (v) The date on which the class II controlled substances were imported; (vi) The port of entry.... Customs entry form; (xiv) Dated records documenting the sale or transfer of class II controlled substances... source facility; (vii) The U.S. port of entry for the import, the expected date of shipment and the...

40 CFR 82.24 - Recordkeeping and reporting requirements for class II controlled substances.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... transformation; (v) The date on which the class II controlled substances were imported; (vi) The port of entry.... Customs entry form; (xiv) Dated records documenting the sale or transfer of class II controlled substances... source facility; (vii) The U.S. port of entry for the import, the expected date of shipment and the...

Overestimation of femoral tunnel length during anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction using the retrograde outside-in drilling technique.

PubMed

Okazaki, Ken; Osaki, Kanji; Nishikawa, Kazutaka; Matsubara, Hirokazu; Tashiro, Yasutaka; Iwamoto, Yukihide

2016-08-01

When the femoral tunnel socket is reamed in an oblique direction from the wall of inter-condylar notch in anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction, the tunnel length can be shorter at the periphery than at the centre. Because surgeons can manipulate the direction of tunnel in the outside-in femoral tunnel drilling technique, this length mismatch would vary depending on the direction of the tunnel. The purpose of this study was to investigate this length mismatch when reamed in various directions. In total of thirteen points were defined as femoral drilling entry points on concentric lines with 0, 1, 2, and 3 cm radius from the lateral epicondyle of a three-dimensional bone model from 40 subjects. Femoral tunnel drilling was simulated on the models by connecting the centre of the ACL footprint with each defined point on the lateral femoral surface. The mismatch length was measured between the centre and the shortest peripheral side of the tunnel socket. When the distance between the drilling entry point on the lateral femoral surface and the lateral epicondyle was increased to anterior proximal direction, there was a significant increase in the mismatch length. The mismatch length became more than 2 mm when the entry point was located more than 2 cm away from the lateral epicondyle. When the drilling entry point is set far away from the lateral epicondyle, a significant increase was observed in tunnel length mismatch between the centre of the tunnel and its shortest peripheral side. Because the tunnel length is measured with a guide pin introduced at the centre of the tunnel before reaming in retrograde outside-in technique, this length mismatch could cause an overestimation of the tunnel length. Surgeons should recognise this mismatch when preparing the length of graft and socket to optimise the graft insertion length into the socket.

Statistical Characteristics of Wrong-Way Driving Crashes on Illinois Freeways.

PubMed

Zhou, Huaguo; Zhao, Jiguang; Pour-Rouholamin, Mahdi; Tobias, Priscilla A

2015-01-01

Driving the wrong way on freeways, namely wrong-way driving (WWD), has been found to be a major concern for more than 6 decades. The purpose of this study was to identify characteristics of this type of crash as well as to rank the locations/interchanges according to their vulnerability to WWD entries. The WWD crash data on Illinois freeways were statistically analyzed for a 6-year time period (2004 to 2009) from 3 aspects: crash, vehicle, and person. The temporal distributions, geographical distributions, roadway characteristics, and crash locations were analyzed for WWD crashes. The driver demographic information, physical condition, and injury severity were analyzed for wrong-way drivers. The vehicle characteristics, vehicle operation, and collision results were analyzed for WWD vehicles. A method was brought about to identify wrong-way entry points that was then used to develop a relative-importance technique and rank different interchange types in terms of potential WWD incidents. The findings revealed that a large proportion of WWD crashes occurred during the weekend from midnight to 5 a.m. Approximately 80% of WWD crashes were located in urban areas and nearly 70% of wrong-way vehicles were passenger cars. Approximately 58% of wrong-way drivers were driving under the influence (DUI). Of those, nearly 50% were confirmed to be impaired by alcohol, about 4% were impaired by drugs, and more than 3% had been drinking. The analysis of interchange ranking found that compressed diamond interchanges, single point diamond interchanges (SPDIs), partial cloverleaf interchanges, and freeway feeders had the highest wrong-way crash rates (wrong-way crashes per 100 interchanges per year). The findings of this study call for more attention to WWD crashes from different aspects such as driver age group, time of day, day of week, and DUI drivers. Based on the analysis results of WWD distance, the study explained why a 5-mile radius of WWD crash location should be studied for WWD fatal crashes with unknown entry points.

Screening Mosquito House Entry Points as a Potential Method for Integrated Control of Endophagic Filariasis, Arbovirus and Malaria Vectors

PubMed Central

Ogoma, Sheila B.; Lweitoijera, Dickson W.; Ngonyani, Hassan; Furer, Benjamin; Russell, Tanya L.; Mukabana, Wolfgang R.; Killeen, Gerry F.; Moore, Sarah J.

2010-01-01

Background Partial mosquito-proofing of houses with screens and ceilings has the potential to reduce indoor densities of malaria mosquitoes. We wish to measure whether it will also reduce indoor densities of vectors of neglected tropical diseases. Methodology The main house entry points preferred by anopheline and culicine vectors were determined through controlled experiments using specially designed experimental huts and village houses in Lupiro village, southern Tanzania. The benefit of screening different entry points (eaves, windows and doors) using PVC-coated fibre glass netting material in terms of reduced indoor densities of mosquitoes was evaluated compared to the control. Findings 23,027 mosquitoes were caught with CDC light traps; 77.9% (17,929) were Anopheles gambiae sensu lato, of which 66.2% were An. arabiensis and 33.8% An. gambiae sensu stricto. The remainder comprised 0.2% (50) An. funestus, 10.2% (2359) Culex spp. and 11.6% (2664) Mansonia spp. Screening eaves reduced densities of Anopheles gambiae s. l. (Relative ratio (RR)  = 0.91; 95% CI = 0.84, 0.98; P = 0.01); Mansonia africana (RR = 0.43; 95% CI = 0.26, 0.76; P<0.001) and Mansonia uniformis (RR = 0.37; 95% CI = 0.25, 0.56; P<0.001) but not Culex quinquefasciatus, Cx. univittatus or Cx. theileri. Numbers of these species were reduced by screening windows and doors but this was not significant. Significance This study confirms that across Africa, screening eaves protects households against important mosquito vectors of filariasis, Rift Valley Fever and O'Nyong nyong as well as malaria. While full house screening is required to exclude Culex species mosquitoes, screening of eaves alone or fitting ceilings has considerable potential for integrated control of other vectors of filariasis, arbovirus and malaria. PMID:20689815

22 CFR 202.3 - Freight reimbursement limitations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... the shipment of donated or purchased supplies to a recipient country requires the following... transportation of supplies from pickup point in initial port of discharge to designated point of entry in the...

Clinical skills assessment of procedural and advanced communication skills: performance expectations of residency program directors.

PubMed

Langenau, Erik E; Zhang, Xiuyuan; Roberts, William L; DeChamplain, Andre F; Boulet, John R

2012-01-01

High stakes medical licensing programs are planning to augment and adapt current examinations to be relevant for a two-decision point model for licensure: entry into supervised practice and entry into unsupervised practice. Therefore, identifying which skills should be assessed at each decision point is critical for informing examination development, and gathering input from residency program directors is important. Using data from previously developed surveys and expert panels, a web-delivered survey was distributed to 3,443 residency program directors. For each of the 28 procedural and 18 advanced communication skills, program directors were asked which clinical skills should be assessed, by whom, when, and how. Descriptive statistics were collected, and Intraclass Correlations (ICC) were conducted to determine consistency across different specialties. Among 347 respondents, program directors reported that all advanced communication and some procedural tasks are important to assess. The following procedures were considered 'important' or 'extremely important' to assess: sterile technique (93.8%), advanced cardiovascular life support (ACLS) (91.1%), basic life support (BLS) (90.0%), interpretation of electrocardiogram (89.4%) and blood gas (88.7%). Program directors reported that most clinical skills should be assessed at the end of the first year of residency (or later) and not before graduation from medical school. A minority were considered important to assess prior to the start of residency training: demonstration of respectfulness (64%), sterile technique (67.2%), BLS (68.9%), ACLS (65.9%) and phlebotomy (63.5%). Results from this study support that assessing procedural skills such as cardiac resuscitation, sterile technique, and phlebotomy would be amenable to assessment at the end of medical school, but most procedural and advanced communications skills would be amenable to assessment at the end of the first year of residency training or later. Gathering data from residency program directors provides support for developing new assessment tools in high-stakes licensing examinations.

Accuracy comparison of guided surgery for dental implants according to the tissue of support: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

PubMed

Raico Gallardo, Yolanda Natali; da Silva-Olivio, Isabela Rodrigues Teixeira; Mukai, Eduardo; Morimoto, Susana; Sesma, Newton; Cordaro, Luca

2017-05-01

To systematically assess the current dental literature comparing the accuracy of computer-aided implant surgery when using different supporting tissues (tooth, mucosa, or bone). Two reviewers searched PubMed (1972 to January 2015) and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (Central) (2002 to January 2015). For the assessment of accuracy, studies were included with the following outcome measures: (i) angle deviation, (ii) deviation at the entry point, and (iii) deviation at the apex. Eight clinical studies from the 1602 articles initially identified met the inclusion criteria for the qualitative analysis. Four studies (n = 599 implants) were evaluated using meta-analysis. The bone-supported guides showed a statistically significant greater deviation in angle (P < 0.001), entry point (P = 0.01), and the apex (P = 0.001) when compared to the tooth-supported guides. Conversely, when only retrospective studies were analyzed, not significant differences are revealed in the deviation of the entry point and apex. The mucosa-supported guides indicated a statistically significant greater reduction in angle deviation (P = 0.02), deviation at the entry point (P = 0.002), and deviation at the apex (P = 0.04) when compared to the bone-supported guides. Between the mucosa- and tooth-supported guides, there were no statistically significant differences for any of the outcome measures. It can be concluded that the tissue of the guide support influences the accuracy of computer-aided implant surgery. © 2016 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Numerical Skip-Entry Guidance

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Tigges, Michael; Crull, Timothy; Rea, Jeremy; Johnson, Wyatt

2006-01-01

This paper assesses a preliminary guidance and targeting strategy for accomplishing Skip-Entry (SE) flight during a lunar return-capsule entry flight. One of the primary benefits of flying a SE trajectory is to provide the crew with continuous Continental United States (CONUS) landing site access throughout the lunar month. Without a SE capability, the capsule must land either in water or at one of several distributed land sites in the Southern Hemisphere for a significant portion of a lunar month using a landing and recovery scenario similar to that employed during the Apollo program. With a SE trajectory, the capsule can land either in water at a site in proximity to CONUS or at one of several distributed landing sites within CONUS, thereby simplifying the operational requirements for crew retrieval and vehicle recovery, and possibly enabling a high degree of vehicle reusability. Note that a SE capability does not require that the vehicle land on land. A SE capability enables a longer-range flight than a direct-entry flight, which permits the vehicle to land at a much greater distance from the Entry Interface (EI) point. This does not exclude using this approach to push the landing point to a water location in proximity of CONUS and utilizing water or airborne recovery forces.

77 FR 63424 - Announcement of Competition Under the America COMPETES Reauthorization Act of 2011: Veterans...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-10-16

...), relating to contact information. e. Section 4(d), relating to optional descriptive materials. 3. If... means it determines suitable to evaluate any entry, award points and determine any winner in this... Compatible. c. Functional Evaluation. VA will evaluate an entry that has demonstrated Technical Compatibility...

Encounters with Authority: Tactics and Negotiations at the Periphery of Participatory Platforms

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Mugar, Gabriel

2017-01-01

Digital participatory platforms like Wikipedia are often celebrated as projects that allow anyone to contribute. Any user can sign up and start contributing immediately. Similarly, projects that engage volunteers in the production of scientific knowledge create easy points of entry to make contributions. These low barriers to entry are a hallmark…

47 CFR 68.105 - Minimum point of entry (MPOE) and demarcation point.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... be either the closest practicable point to where the wiring crosses a property line or the closest practicable point to where the wiring enters a multiunit building or buildings. The reasonable and... situations. (c) Single unit installations. For single unit installations existing as of August 13, 1990, and...

On the Origin of a Maximum Peak Pressure on the Target Outside of the Stagnation Point upon Normal Impact of a Blunt Projectile and with Underwater Explosion

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gonor, Alexander; Hooton, Irene

2006-07-01

Impact of a rigid projectile (impactor), against a metal target and a condensed explosive surface considered as the important process accompanying the normal entry of a rigid projectile into a target, was overlooked in the preceding studies. Within the framework of accurate shock wave theory, the flow-field, behind the shock wave attached to the perimeter of the adjoined surface, was defined. An important result is the peak pressure rises at points along the target surface away from the stagnation point. The maximum values of the peak pressure are 2.2 to 3.2 times higher for the metallic and soft targets (nitromethane, PBX 9502), than peak pressure values at the stagnation point. This effect changes the commonly held notion that the maximum peak pressure is reached at the projectile stagnation point. In the present study the interaction of a spherical decaying blast wave, caused by an underwater explosion, with a piece-wise plane target, having corner configurations, is investigated. The numerical calculation results in the determination of the vulnerable spots on the target, where the maximum peak overpressure surpassed that for the head-on shock wave reflection by a factor of 4.

Post-Flight EDL Entry Guidance Performance of the 2011 Mars Science Laboratory Mission

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Mendeck, Gavin F.; McGrew, Lynn Craig

2013-01-01

The 2011 Mars Science Laboratory was the first Mars guided entry which safely delivered the rover to a landing within a touchdown ellipse of 19.1 km x 6.9 km. The Entry Terminal Point Controller guidance algorithm is derived from the final phase Apollo Command Module guidance and, like Apollo, modulates the bank angle to control the range flown. The guided entry performed as designed without any significant exceptions. The Curiosity rover was delivered about 2.2 km from the expected touchdown. This miss distance is attributed to little time to correct the downrange drift from the final bank reversal and a suspected tailwind during heading alignment. The successful guided entry for the Mars Science Laboratory lays the foundation for future Mars missions to improve upon.

Special education and later academic achievement.

PubMed

Ehrhardt, Jennifer; Huntington, Noelle; Molino, Janine; Barbaresi, William

2013-02-01

To determine whether grade at entry to special education is associated with improved reading achievement in children with reading disorders (RD) and whether the effect of grade at entry to special education differs by socioeconomic status (SES). The authors conducted a secondary data analysis using data from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study-Kindergarten Cohort (ECLS-K), a nationally representative cohort of children followed longitudinally from kindergarten through eighth grade (1998-2007). Using data from the fifth grade wave of ECLS-K, the authors identified children with RD (n = 290). The outcome of interest was change in score on the reading achievement test, which was developed by ECLS-K staff, between first and fifth grade. Using multiple linear regression, the authors modeled outcome as a function of a child's grade at entry to special education, controlling for several covariates. Early entry to special education (by first grade vs second or third grade) was associated with larger gains in reading achievement between first and fifth grade (p < .0001). Children who entered special education by first grade versus second grade gained 4.5 more points on the reading achievement test (p < .0001). Children who entered special education by first grade versus third grade gained 1.7 more points on the reading achievement test (p < .0001). There was no difference in the magnitude of gains associated with early entry to special education between children from families of low and higher SES. For children with RD, early entry to special education is associated with improved reading achievement during elementary school.

Multicentre experience with the BridgePoint devices to facilitate recanalisation of chronic total coronary occlusions through controlled subintimal re-entry.

PubMed

Werner, Gerald S; Schofer, Joachim; Sievert, Horst; Kugler, Chad; Reifart, Nicolaus J

2011-06-01

The major challenge for the interventional treatment of chronic total coronary occlusion (CTO) is a low primary success rate. A common problem is the passage of the recanalisation wire into a subintimal position. New devices, which were evaluated in the first multicentre study in CTOs resistant to a conventional wire approach, may help to facilitate a controlled re-entry into the true lumen. The aim of this study was to assess the safety and efficacy of this approach, with successful true lumen distal wire passage as the primary endpoint. Forty-two patients were enrolled in four centres with high expertise in PCI for CTOs. All CTOs were of at least three months duration, and were initially attempted with dedicated recanalisation wires. After failure to pass or creation of a subintimal dissection, the BridgePoint devices were applied, consisting of a ball-tipped catheter (CrossBoss) to pass the proximal occlusion cap, and a flat-shaped balloon catheter (Stingray catheter) to be inflated within the subintimal space to guide the re-entry into the true vessel lumen with a special wire (Stingray guidewire). The primary endpoint was met in 67% of all patients. A higher success rate seemed to be possible when all devices were used in sequenced beginning with the CrossBoss, and in the case of a subintimal passage, followed by the Stingray. True lumen re-entry failed because of the loss of distally contrast filling and thus loss of a target for re-entry, and by a failure to advance the Stingray balloon far enough distal and parallel to the distal lumen. There were no severe device related complications. In patients with complex CTOs referred to dedicated centres with high experience in CTOs, these results demonstrate the potential of a guided re-entry from a subintimal wire position by use of the BridgePoint devices.

Generic versus specific competencies of entry-level public health graduates: employers' perceptions in Poland, the UK, and the Netherlands.

PubMed

Biesma, Regien G; Pavlova, Milena; Vaatstra, Rina; van Merode, Godefridus G; Czabanowska, Katarzyna; Smith, Tony; Groot, Wim

2008-08-01

Constant changes in society and the public health domain force public health professionals into new roles and the development of new competencies. Public health professionals will need to be trained to respond to this challenge. The aim of this comparative study among Poland, the UK and the Netherlands is to identify competence needs for Master of Public Health graduates entering the labour market from a European perspective. A self-administered questionnaire was sent to employers in the three countries, rating the importance of competency in public health on a master's level. In all three countries, interpersonal competencies, like team working and communication skills, are rated as highly important. However, employers in the UK and Poland generally rate public health specific competencies as much more important than their Dutch colleagues. It is concluded that while public health specific knowledge is providing a useful starting point for entry-level public health professionals, employers increasingly recognise the value of generic competencies such as communication and team working skills. The results suggest a stronger emphasis on teaching methods that encourage active learning and the integration of skills, which is crucial for enhancing graduates' employability, and foster an open attitude to multidisciplinary working, which is essential in modern health care.

HSV-1 infection of human corneal epithelial cells: receptor-mediated entry and trends of re-infection.

PubMed

Shah, Arpeet; Farooq, Asim V; Tiwari, Vaibhav; Kim, Min-Jung; Shukla, Deepak

2010-11-20

The human cornea is a primary target for herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1) infection. The goals of the study were to determine the cellular modalities of HSV-1 entry into human corneal epithelial (HCE) cells. Specific features of the study included identifying major entry receptors, assessing pH dependency, and determining trends of re-infection. A recombinant HSV-1 virus expressing beta-galactosidase was used to ascertain HSV-1 entry into HCE cells. Viral replication within cells was confirmed using a time point plaque assay. Lysosomotropic agents were used to test for pH dependency of entry. Flow cytometry and immunocytochemistry were used to determine expression of three cellular receptors--nectin-1, herpesvirus entry mediator (HVEM), and paired immunoglobulin-like 2 receptor alpha (PILR-a). The necessity of these receptors for viral entry was tested using antibody-blocking. Finally, trends of re-infection were investigated using viral entry assay and flow cytometry post-primary infection. Cultured HCE cells showed high susceptibility to HSV-1 entry and replication. Entry was demonstrated to be pH dependent as blocking vesicular acidification decreased entry. Entry receptors expressed on the cell membrane include nectin-1, HVEM, and PILR-α. Receptor-specific antibodies blocked entry receptors, reduced viral entry and indicated nectin-1 as the primary receptor used for entry. Cells re-infected with HSV-1 showed a decrease in entry, which was correlated to decreased levels of nectin-1 as demonstrated by flow cytometry. HSV-1 is capable of developing an infection in HCE cells using a pH dependent entry process that involves primarily nectin-1 but also the HVEM and PILR-α receptors. Re-infected cells show decreased levels of entry, correlated with a decreased level of nectin-1 receptor expression.

19 CFR 143.23 - Form of entry.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... (CONTINUED) SPECIAL ENTRY PROCEDURES Informal Entry § 143.23 Form of entry. Except for the types of... upper right hand corner. (g) Merchandise, regardless of value, which is imported for noncommercial... credit, Customs Form 7501, annotated “informal entry” in the upper right hand corner, and Customs Form...

Characterization of Human and Murine T-Cell Immunoglobulin Mucin Domain 4 (TIM-4) IgV Domain Residues Critical for Ebola Virus Entry

PubMed Central

Rhein, Bethany A.; Brouillette, Rachel B.; Schaack, Grace A.; Chiorini, John A.

2016-01-01

ABSTRACT Phosphatidylserine (PtdSer) receptors that are responsible for the clearance of dying cells have recently been found to mediate enveloped virus entry. Ebola virus (EBOV), a member of the Filoviridae family of viruses, utilizes PtdSer receptors for entry into target cells. The PtdSer receptors human and murine T-cell immunoglobulin mucin (TIM) domain proteins TIM-1 and TIM-4 mediate filovirus entry by binding to PtdSer on the virion surface via a conserved PtdSer binding pocket within the amino-terminal IgV domain. While the residues within the TIM-1 IgV domain that are important for EBOV entry are characterized, the molecular details of virion–TIM-4 interactions have yet to be investigated. As sequences and structural alignments of the TIM proteins suggest distinct differences in the TIM-1 and TIM-4 IgV domain structures, we sought to characterize TIM-4 IgV domain residues required for EBOV entry. Using vesicular stomatitis virus pseudovirions bearing EBOV glycoprotein (EBOV GP/VSVΔG), we evaluated virus binding and entry into cells expressing TIM-4 molecules mutated within the IgV domain, allowing us to identify residues important for entry. Similar to TIM-1, residues in the PtdSer binding pocket of murine and human TIM-4 (mTIM-4 and hTIM-4) were found to be important for EBOV entry. However, additional TIM-4-specific residues were also found to impact EBOV entry, with a total of 8 mTIM-4 and 14 hTIM-4 IgV domain residues being critical for virion binding and internalization. Together, these findings provide a greater understanding of the interaction of TIM-4 with EBOV virions. IMPORTANCE With more than 28,000 cases and over 11,000 deaths during the largest and most recent Ebola virus (EBOV) outbreak, there has been increased emphasis on the development of therapeutics against filoviruses. Many therapies under investigation target EBOV cell entry. T-cell immunoglobulin mucin (TIM) domain proteins are cell surface factors important for the entry of many enveloped viruses, including EBOV. TIM family member TIM-4 is expressed on macrophages and dendritic cells, which are early cellular targets during EBOV infection. Here, we performed a mutagenesis screening of the IgV domain of murine and human TIM-4 to identify residues that are critical for EBOV entry. Surprisingly, we identified more human than murine TIM-4 IgV domain residues that are required for EBOV entry. Defining the TIM IgV residues needed for EBOV entry clarifies the virus-receptor interactions and paves the way for the development of novel therapeutics targeting virus binding to this cell surface receptor. PMID:27122575

The Resume Characteristics Determining Job Interviews for Middle-Aged Women Seeking Entry-Level Employment

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Johnson, Emily; Lahey, Joanna

2011-01-01

Obtaining an entry-level job can be critically important for women with little education, particularly those who have taken time out of the labor force. This article uses archival data from a field experiment, called a resume audit study, to examine the characteristics of entry-level resumes that are important to potential employers. In accordance…

Radiative and convective heating during Venus entry.

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Page, W. A.; Woodward, H. T.

1972-01-01

Determination of the stagnation region heating of probes entering the Venusian atmosphere. Both convective and radiative heat-transfer rates are predicted, and account is taken of the important effects of radiative transport in the vehicle shock layer. A nongray radiative transport model is utilized which parallels a four-band treatment previously developed for air (Page et al., 1969), but includes two additional bands to account for the important CO(4+) molecular band system. Some comparisons are made between results for Venus entry and results for earth entry obtained using a viscous earth entry program.

Transport properties associated with carbon-phenolic ablators

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Biolsi, L.

1982-01-01

Entry vehicle heat shields designed for entry into the atmosphere of the outer planets are usually made of carbonaceous material such as carbon-phenolic ablator. Ablative injection of this material is an important mechanism for reducing the heat at the surface of the entry vehicle. Conductive transport properties in the shock layer are important for some entry conditions. The kinetic theory of gases has been used to calculate the transport properties for 17 gaseous species obtained from the ablation of carbon-phenolic heat shields. Results are presented for the pure species and for the gas mixture.

Copper vapor laser acoustic thermometry system

DOEpatents

Galkowski, Joseph J.

1987-01-01

A copper vapor laser (CVL) acoustic thermometry system is disclosed. The invention couples an acoustic pulse a predetermined distance into a laser tube by means of a transducer and an alumina rod such that an echo pulse is returned along the alumina rod to the point of entry. The time differential between the point of entry of the acoustic pulse into the laser tube and the exit of the echo pulse is related to the temperature at the predetermined distance within the laser tube. This information is processed and can provide an accurate indication of the average temperature within the laser tube.

9 CFR 93.421 - Special provisions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... this chapter for entry into Canada: Provided, That all ruminants offered for re-entry upon examination... immediate export shall be inspected at the border port of entry and, when accompanied by an import permit obtained under § 93.404 of this part and all conditions therein are observed, shall be allowed entry into...

9 CFR 93.421 - Special provisions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... this chapter for entry into Canada: Provided, That all ruminants offered for re-entry upon examination... immediate export shall be inspected at the border port of entry and, when accompanied by an import permit obtained under § 93.404 of this part and all conditions therein are observed, shall be allowed entry into...

9 CFR 93.421 - Special provisions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... this chapter for entry into Canada: Provided, That all ruminants offered for re-entry upon examination... immediate export shall be inspected at the border port of entry and, when accompanied by an import permit obtained under § 93.404 of this part and all conditions therein are observed, shall be allowed entry into...

9 CFR 93.421 - Special provisions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... this chapter for entry into Canada: Provided, That all ruminants offered for re-entry upon examination... immediate export shall be inspected at the border port of entry and, when accompanied by an import permit obtained under § 93.404 of this part and all conditions therein are observed, shall be allowed entry into...

9 CFR 93.421 - Special provisions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... this chapter for entry into Canada: Provided, That all ruminants offered for re-entry upon examination... immediate export shall be inspected at the border port of entry and, when accompanied by an import permit obtained under § 93.404 of this part and all conditions therein are observed, shall be allowed entry into...

Firm- and drug-specific patterns of generic drug payments by US medicaid programs: 1991-2008.

PubMed

Kelton, Christina M L; Chang, Lenisa V; Guo, Jeff J; Yu, Yan; Berry, Edmund A; Bian, Boyang; Heaton, Pamela C

2014-04-01

The entry of generic drugs into markets previously monopolized by patented, branded drugs often represents large potential savings for healthcare payers in the USA. Our objectives were to describe and explain the trends in drug reimbursement by public Medicaid programmes post-generic entry for as many drug markets and for as long a time period as possible. The data were the Medicaid State Drug Utilization Data maintained by the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services. Quarterly utilization and expenditure data from 1991 to 2008 were extracted for 83 drugs, produced by 229 firms, that experienced initial generic entry between 1992 and 2004. A relative 'price' for a specific drug, firm and quarter was constructed as Medicaid reimbursement per unit (e.g. tablet, capsule or vial) divided by average reimbursement per unit for the branded drug the year before entry. Fixed-effects models controlling for time-, firm- and drug-specific differences were estimated to explain reimbursement. Twelve quarters after generic entry, 18 % of drugs had average per-unit reimbursement less than 50 % of the original branded-drug reimbursement. For each additional firm manufacturing the drug, reimbursement per unit, relative to the pre-generic-entry branded-drug reimbursement, was estimated to fall by 17 (p < 0.01) and 3 (p < 0.01) percentage points for generic and branded-drug companies, respectively. Each additional quarter post-generic entry brought a 2 (p < 0.01) percentage point drop in relative reimbursement. State Medicaid programmes generally have been able to obtain relief from high drug prices following patent expirations for many branded-drug medications by adjusting reimbursement following the expanded competition in the pharmaceutical market.

Atmospheric Entry Studies for Venus Missions: 45 Sphere-Cone Rigid Aeroshells and Ballistic Entries

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Prabhu, Dinesh K.; Spilker, Thomas R.; Allen, Gary A., Jr.; Hwang, Helen H.; Cappuccio, Gelsomina; Moses, Robert W.

2013-01-01

The present study considers direct ballistic entries into the atmosphere of Venus using a 45deg sphere-cone rigid aeroshell, a legacy shape that has been used successfully in the past in the Pioneer Venus Multiprobe Mission. For a number of entry mass and heatshield diameter combinations (i.e., various ballistic coefficients) and entry velocities, the trajectory space in terms of entry flight path angles between skip out and -30deg is explored with a 3DoF trajectory code, TRAJ. From these trajectories, the viable entry flight path angle space is determined through the use of mechanical and thermal performance limits on the thermal protection material and science payload; the thermal protection material of choice is entry-grade carbon phenolic, for which a material thermal response model is available. For mechanical performance, a 200 g limit is placed on the peak deceleration load experienced by the science instruments, and 10 bar is assumed as the pressure limit for entry-grade carbon-phenolic material. For thermal performance, inflection points in the total heat load distribution are used as cut off criteria. Analysis of the results shows the existence of a range of critical ballistic coefficients beyond which the steepest possible entries are determined by the pressure limit of the material rather than the deceleration load limit.

Experimental Analysis of the Influence of Drill Point Angle and Wear on the Drilling of Woven CFRPs

PubMed Central

Feito, Norberto; Díaz-Álvarez, José; Díaz-Álvarez, Antonio; Cantero, José Luis; Miguélez, María Henar

2014-01-01

This paper focuses on the effect of the drill geometry on the drilling of woven Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer composite (CFRPs). Although different geometrical effects can be considered in drilling CFRPs, the present work focuses on the influence of point angle and wear because they are the important factors influencing hole quality and machining forces. Surface quality was evaluated in terms of delamination and superficial defects. Three different point angles were tested representative of the geometries commonly used in the industry. Two wear modes were considered, being representative of the wear patterns commonly observed when drilling CFRPs: flank wear and honed cutting edge. It was found that the crossed influence of the point angle and wear were significant to the thrust force. Delamination at the hole entry and exit showed opposite trends with the change of geometry. Also, cutting parameters were checked showing the feed’s dominant influence on surface damage. PMID:28788675

15 CFR Supplement No. 7 to Part 760 - Interpretation

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... inventory or may re-ship them to other markets (the United States person may not return them to the original... Department wishes to point out that, when faced with a boycotting country's refusal to permit entry of the... or origin at the time of their entry into the boycotting country by (a) uniqueness of design or...

15 CFR Supplement No. 7 to Part 760 - Interpretation

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... inventory or may re-ship them to other markets (the United States person may not return them to the original... Department wishes to point out that, when faced with a boycotting country's refusal to permit entry of the... or origin at the time of their entry into the boycotting country by (a) uniqueness of design or...

15 CFR Supplement No. 7 to Part 760 - Interpretation

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... inventory or may re-ship them to other markets (the United States person may not return them to the original... Department wishes to point out that, when faced with a boycotting country's refusal to permit entry of the... or origin at the time of their entry into the boycotting country by (a) uniqueness of design or...

15 CFR Supplement No. 7 to Part 760 - Interpretation

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... inventory or may re-ship them to other markets (the United States person may not return them to the original... Department wishes to point out that, when faced with a boycotting country's refusal to permit entry of the... or origin at the time of their entry into the boycotting country by (a) uniqueness of design or...

76 FR 54788 - Notice of Permanent Closure of Public Lands in Clackamas and Multnomah Counties, OR

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-09-02

..., State, and local government permittees and contractors conducting authorized activities; members of.... The BLM will post closure signs at main entry points to this area and take steps to install physical barriers at the BRWMU boundary. The affected lands will be represented as closed to public entry in maps...

System Design and Cataloging Meet the User: User Interfaces to Online Public Access Catalogs.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Yee, Martha M.

1991-01-01

Discusses features of online public access catalogs: (1) demonstration of relationships between records; (2) provision of entry vocabularies; (3) arrangement of multiple entries on the screen; (4) provision of access points; (5) display of single records; and (6) division of catalogs into separate files or indexes. User studies and other research…

78 FR 9866 - Special Local Regulation; Moss Point Rockin' the Riverfront Festival; Robertson Lake & O'Leary...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-02-12

... 1625-AA08 Special Local Regulation; Moss Point Rockin' the Riverfront Festival; Robertson Lake & O... Riverfront Festival high speed boat races. Entry into, transiting or anchoring in this area is prohibited to... Point Rockin' the Riverfront Festival; Robertson Lake & O'Leary Lake; Moss Point, MS. (a) Location. The...

The Design Process of Physical Security as Applied to a U.S. Border Point of Entry

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Wagner, G.G.

1998-10-26

This paper describes the design process of physical security as applied to a U.S. Border Port of Entry (PoE). Included in this paper are descriptions of the elements that compose U.S. border security. The physical security design will describe the various elements that make up the process as well as the considerations that must be taken into account when dealing with system integration of those elements. The distinctions between preventing unlawful entry and exit of illegal contraband will be emphasized.

Orion Entry Monitor

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Smith, Kelly M.

2016-01-01

NASA is scheduled to launch the Orion spacecraft atop the Space Launch System on Exploration Mission 1 in late 2018. When Orion returns from its lunar sortie, it will encounter Earth's atmosphere with speeds in excess of 11 kilometers per second, and Orion will attempt its first precision-guided skip entry. A suite of flight software algorithms collectively called the Entry Monitor has been developed in order to enhance crew situational awareness and enable high levels of onboard autonomy. The Entry Monitor determines the vehicle capability footprint in real-time, provides manual piloting cues, evaluates landing target feasibility, predicts the ballistic instantaneous impact point, and provides intelligent recommendations for alternative landing sites if the primary landing site is not achievable. The primary engineering challenges of the Entry Monitor is in the algorithmic implementation in making a highly reliable, efficient set of algorithms suitable for onboard applications.

19 CFR 360.101 - Steel import licensing.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... Customs Duties INTERNATIONAL TRADE ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE STEEL IMPORT MONITORING AND... timely completion of entry. (c) Foreign Trade Zone entries. All shipments of covered steel products into a foreign trade zones (FTZ), known as FTZ admissions, will require an import license prior to the...

19 CFR 360.101 - Steel import licensing.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... Customs Duties INTERNATIONAL TRADE ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE STEEL IMPORT MONITORING AND... timely completion of entry. (c) Foreign Trade Zone entries. All shipments of covered steel products into a foreign trade zones (FTZ), known as FTZ admissions, will require an import license prior to the...

19 CFR 360.101 - Steel import licensing.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... Customs Duties INTERNATIONAL TRADE ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE STEEL IMPORT MONITORING AND... timely completion of entry. (c) Foreign Trade Zone entries. All shipments of covered steel products into a foreign trade zones (FTZ), known as FTZ admissions, will require an import license prior to the...

19 CFR 360.101 - Steel import licensing.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... Customs Duties INTERNATIONAL TRADE ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE STEEL IMPORT MONITORING AND... timely completion of entry. (c) Foreign Trade Zone entries. All shipments of covered steel products into a foreign trade zones (FTZ), known as FTZ admissions, will require an import license prior to the...

19 CFR 360.101 - Steel import licensing.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... Customs Duties INTERNATIONAL TRADE ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE STEEL IMPORT MONITORING AND... timely completion of entry. (c) Foreign Trade Zone entries. All shipments of covered steel products into a foreign trade zones (FTZ), known as FTZ admissions, will require an import license prior to the...

50 CFR 300.189 - Prohibitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... under § 300.182. (b) Import as an entry for consumption, purchase, receive for export, export, or re... are imported, entered for consumption, exported, or re-exported. (g) Fail to comply with the documentation requirements as specified in § 300.186, for the importation, entry for consumption, exportation...

50 CFR 300.189 - Prohibitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... under § 300.182. (b) Import as an entry for consumption, purchase, receive for export, export, or re... are imported, entered for consumption, exported, or re-exported. (g) Fail to comply with the documentation requirements as specified in § 300.186, for the importation, entry for consumption, exportation...

50 CFR 300.189 - Prohibitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... under § 300.182. (b) Import as an entry for consumption, purchase, receive for export, export, or re... are imported, entered for consumption, exported, or re-exported. (g) Fail to comply with the documentation requirements as specified in § 300.186, for the importation, entry for consumption, exportation...

Mars Science Laboratory Navigation Results

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Martin-Mur, Tomas J.; Kruizingas, Gerhard L.; Burkhart, P. Daniel; Wong, Mau C.; Abilleira, Fernando

2012-01-01

The Mars Science Laboratory (MSL), carrying the Curiosity rover to Mars, was launched on November 26, 2011, from Cape Canaveral, Florida. The target for MSL was selected to be Gale Crater, near the equator of Mars, with an arrival date in early August 2012. The two main interplanetary navigation tasks for the mission were to deliver the spacecraft to an entry interface point that would allow the rover to safely reach the landing area, and to tell the spacecraft where it entered the atmosphere of Mars, so it could guide itself accurately to close proximity of the landing target. MSL used entry guidance as it slowed down from the entry speed to a speed low enough to allow for a successful parachute deployment, and this guidance allowed shrinking the landing ellipse to a 99% conservative estimate of 7 by 20 kilometers. Since there is no global positioning system in Mars, achieving this accuracy was predicated on flying a trajectory that closely matched the reference trajectory used to design the guidance algorithm, and on initializing the guidance system with an accurate Mars-relative entry state that could be used as the starting point to integrate the inertial measurement unit data during entry and descent. The pre-launch entry flight path angle (EFPA) delivery requirement was +/- 0.20 deg, but after launch a smaller threshold of +/- 0.05 deg was used as the criteria for late trajectory correction maneuver (TCM) decisions. The pre-launch requirement for entry state knowledge was 2.8 kilometers in position error and 2 meters per second in velocity error, but also smaller thresholds were defined after launch to evaluate entry state update opportunities. The biggest challenge for the navigation team was to accurately predict the trajectory of the spacecraft, so the estimates of the entry conditions could be stable, and late trajectory correction maneuvers or entry parameter updates could be waved off. As a matter of fact, the prediction accuracy was such that the last TCM performed was a small burn executed eight days before landing, and the entry state that was calculated just 36 hours after that TCM, and that was uploaded to the spacecraft the same day, did not need to be updated. The final EFPA was 0.013 deg shallower than the -15.5 deg target, and the on-board entry state was just 200 meters in position and 0.11 meters per second in velocity from the post-landing reconstructed entry state. Overall the entry delivery and knowledge requirements were fulfilled with a margin of more than 90% with respect to the pre-launch thresholds. This excellent accuracy contributed to a very successful and accurate entry, descent, and landing, and surface mission.

Policies and interventions on employment relations and health inequalities.

PubMed

Quinlan, Michael; Muntaner, Carles; Solar, Orielle; Vergara, Montserrat; Eijkemans, Gerry; Santana, Vilma; Chung, Haejoo; Castedo, Antía; Benach, Joan

2010-01-01

The association between certain increasingly pervasive employment conditions and serious health inequalities presents a significant policy challenge. A critical starting point is the recognition that these problems have not arisen in a policy vacuum. Rather, policy frameworks implemented by governments over the past 35 years, in conjunction with corporate globalization (itself facilitated by neoliberal policies), have undermined preexisting social protection policies and encouraged the growth of health-damaging forms of work organization. After a brief description of the context in which recent developments should be viewed, this article describes how policies can be reconfigured to address health-damaging employment conditions. A number of key policy objectives and entry points are identified, with a summary of policies for each entry point, relating to particular employment conditions relevant to rich and poor countries. Rather than trying to elaborate these policy interventions in detail, the authors point to several critical issues in relation to these interventions, linking these to illustrative examples.

9 CFR 93.318 - Special provisions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... for re-entry upon examination by the veterinary inspector at the U.S. port of entry, are found by the... be inspected at the border port of entry and, when accompanied by an import permit obtained under § 93.304 of this part and all conditions therein are observed, shall be allowed entry into the United...

9 CFR 93.318 - Special provisions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... for re-entry upon examination by the veterinary inspector at the U.S. port of entry, are found by the... be inspected at the border port of entry and, when accompanied by an import permit obtained under § 93.304 of this part and all conditions therein are observed, shall be allowed entry into the United...

9 CFR 93.519 - Special provisions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... offered for re-entry upon examination by the veterinary inspector at the U.S. port of entry, are found by... inspected at the border port of entry and, when accompanied by an import permit obtained under § 93.504 of this part and all conditions therein are observed, shall be allowed entry into the United States and...

9 CFR 93.519 - Special provisions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... offered for re-entry upon examination by the veterinary inspector at the U.S. port of entry, are found by... inspected at the border port of entry and, when accompanied by an import permit obtained under § 93.504 of this part and all conditions therein are observed, shall be allowed entry into the United States and...

9 CFR 93.318 - Special provisions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... for re-entry upon examination by the veterinary inspector at the U.S. port of entry, are found by the... be inspected at the border port of entry and, when accompanied by an import permit obtained under § 93.304 of this part and all conditions therein are observed, shall be allowed entry into the United...

9 CFR 93.519 - Special provisions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... offered for re-entry upon examination by the veterinary inspector at the U.S. port of entry, are found by... inspected at the border port of entry and, when accompanied by an import permit obtained under § 93.504 of this part and all conditions therein are observed, shall be allowed entry into the United States and...

9 CFR 93.318 - Special provisions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... for re-entry upon examination by the veterinary inspector at the U.S. port of entry, are found by the... be inspected at the border port of entry and, when accompanied by an import permit obtained under § 93.304 of this part and all conditions therein are observed, shall be allowed entry into the United...

9 CFR 93.519 - Special provisions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... offered for re-entry upon examination by the veterinary inspector at the U.S. port of entry, are found by... inspected at the border port of entry and, when accompanied by an import permit obtained under § 93.504 of this part and all conditions therein are observed, shall be allowed entry into the United States and...

9 CFR 93.519 - Special provisions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... offered for re-entry upon examination by the veterinary inspector at the U.S. port of entry, are found by... inspected at the border port of entry and, when accompanied by an import permit obtained under § 93.504 of this part and all conditions therein are observed, shall be allowed entry into the United States and...

9 CFR 93.318 - Special provisions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... for re-entry upon examination by the veterinary inspector at the U.S. port of entry, are found by the... be inspected at the border port of entry and, when accompanied by an import permit obtained under § 93.304 of this part and all conditions therein are observed, shall be allowed entry into the United...

19 CFR 143.21 - Merchandise eligible for informal entry.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

...; DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY (CONTINUED) SPECIAL ENTRY PROCEDURES Informal Entry § 143.21 Merchandise eligible....00, 9810.00.05, HTSUS (19 U.S.C. 1202), imported by a library or other institution described in...

Modified Posterior C1 Lateral Mass Screw Insertion for Type II Odontoid Process Fractures Using Intraoperative Computed Tomography-Based Spinal Navigation to Minimize Postoperative Occipital Neuralgia.

PubMed

Ishak, Basem; Schneider, Till; Tubbs, R Shane; Gimmy, Valerie; Younsi, Alexander; Unterberg, Andreas W; Kiening, Karl L

2017-11-01

Various surgical techniques have been described for treating odontoid instability and achieving effective stabilization. The earliest technique to be described proposed a C1 lateral mass entry point including neurectomy of the C2 nerve roots to ensure hemostasis. Because C2 neurectomy remains controversial, preservation of the C2 nerve root as described in Goel-Harms technique can lead to intractable occipital neuralgia and significant blood loss. The aim of this study was to modify the Goel-Harms technique with a high C1 lateral mass screw entry point to enhance overall intraoperative safety. Sixty-three patients (average age, 70 ± 16 years) with acute traumatic odontoid fracture type II underwent posterior stabilization with a modified posterior C1 lateral mass entry point using intraoperative computed tomography (CT)-guided spinal navigation. Complications were recorded, especially bleeding from the epidural venous plexus and development of occipital neuralgia. All patients were followed up for a minimum of 6 months. None of the patients developed occipital neuralgia or numbness. Blood transfusion was necessary in 1 patient because of a coagulation disorder. There was no bleeding from the epidural venous plexus. All screws were correctly placed. Two patients needed surgical revision (wound infection, dural tear). Two developed cardiopulmonary complications. Solid bony fusion was achieved in all patients. This study confirms that changing the C1 entry point to the junction of the posterior arch and superior-posterior part of the C1 lateral mass by using intraoperative CT navigation yields a safe and effective procedure with few complications. The overall complication rate was 6%. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Analytic Guidance for the First Entry in a Skip Atmospheric Entry

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Garcia-Llama, Eduardo

2007-01-01

This paper presents an analytic method to generate a reference drag trajectory for the first entry portion of a skip atmospheric entry. The drag reference, expressed as a polynomial function of the velocity, will meet the conditions necessary to fit the requirements of the complete entry phase. The generic method proposed to generate the drag reference profile is further simplified by thinking of the drag and the velocity as density and cumulative distribution functions respectively. With this notion it will be shown that the reference drag profile can be obtained by solving a linear algebraic system of equations. The resulting drag profile is flown using the feedback linearization method of differential geometric control as guidance law with the error dynamics of a second order homogeneous equation in the form of a damped oscillator. This approach was first proposed as a revisited version of the Space Shuttle Orbiter entry guidance. However, this paper will show that it can be used to fly the first entry in a skip entry trajectory. In doing so, the gains in the error dynamics will be changed at a certain point along the trajectory to improve the tracking performance.

Structure of unliganded HSV gD reveals a mechanism for receptor-mediated activation of virus entry

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Krummenacher, Claude; Supekar, Vinit M.; Whitbeck, J. Charles

2010-07-19

Herpes simplex virus (HSV) entry into cells requires binding of the envelope glycoprotein D (gD) to one of several cell surface receptors. The 50 C-terminal residues of the gD ectodomain are essential for virus entry, but not for receptor binding. We have determined the structure of an unliganded gD molecule that includes these C-terminal residues. The structure reveals that the C-terminus is anchored near the N-terminal region and masks receptor-binding sites. Locking the C-terminus in the position observed in the crystals by an intramolecular disulfide bond abolished receptor binding and virus entry, demonstrating that this region of gD moves uponmore » receptor binding. Similarly, a point mutant that would destabilize the C-terminus structure was nonfunctional for entry, despite increased affinity for receptors. We propose that a controlled displacement of the gD C-terminus upon receptor binding is an essential feature of HSV entry, ensuring the timely activation of membrane fusion.« less

49 CFR 172.315 - Packages containing limited quantities.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... applicable, for the entry as shown in the § 172.101 Table, and placed within a square-on-point border in... to the package as to be readily visible. The width of line forming the square-on-point must be at... square-on-points bearing a single ID number, or a single square-on-point large enough to include each...

Comparative Risk Analysis of Two Culicoides-Borne Diseases in Horses: Equine Encephalosis More Likely to Enter France than African Horse Sickness.

PubMed

Faverjon, C; Leblond, A; Lecollinet, S; Bødker, R; de Koeijer, A A; Fischer, E A J

2017-12-01

African horse sickness (AHS) and equine encephalosis (EE) are Culicoides-borne viral diseases that could have the potential to spread across Europe if introduced, thus being potential threats for the European equine industry. Both share similar epidemiology, transmission patterns and geographical distribution. Using stochastic spatiotemporal models of virus entry, we assessed and compared the probabilities of both viruses entering France via two pathways: importation of live-infected animals or importation of infected vectors. Analyses were performed for three consecutive years (2010-2012). Seasonal and regional differences in virus entry probabilities were the same for both diseases. However, the probability of EE entry was much higher than the probability of AHS entry. Interestingly, the most likely entry route differed between AHS and EE: AHS has a higher probability to enter through an infected vector and EE has a higher probability to enter through an infectious host. Consequently, different effective protective measures were identified by 'what-if' scenarios for the two diseases. The implementation of vector protection on all animals (equine and bovine) coming from low-risk regions before their importation was the most effective in reducing the probability of AHS entry. On the other hand, the most significant reduction in the probability of EE entry was obtained by the implementation of quarantine before import for horses coming from both EU and non-EU countries. The developed models can be useful to implement risk-based surveillance. © 2016 Blackwell Verlag GmbH.

Expanding the "Ports of Entry" for Speech-Language Pathologists: A Relational and Reflective Model for Clinical Practice

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Geller, Elaine; Foley, Gilbert M.

2009-01-01

Purpose: To outline an expanded framework for clinical practice in speech-language pathology. This framework broadens the focus on discipline-specific knowledge and infuses mental health constructs within the study of communication sciences and disorders, with the objective of expanding the potential "ports or points of entry" (D. Stern, 1995) for…

Boys' and Girls' Weight Status and Math Performance from Kindergarten Entry through Fifth Grade: A Mediated Analysis

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gable, Sara; Krull, Jennifer L.; Chang, Yiting

2012-01-01

This study tests a mediated model of boys' and girls' weight status and math performance with 6,250 children from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study. Five data points spanning kindergarten entry (mean age = 68.46 months) through fifth grade (mean age = 134.60 months) were analyzed. Three weight status groups were identified: persistent…

Experiences with HIV Testing, Entry, and Engagement in Care by HIV-Infected Women of Color, and the Need for Autonomy, Competency, and Relatedness

PubMed Central

Messer, Lynne C.; Adimora, Adaora A.; Roytburd, Katya; Bowditch, Natasha; Parnell, Heather; Seay, Julia; Bell, Lynda; Pierce, Jonah K.

2013-01-01

Abstract Self-determination theory examines the needs of people adopting new behaviors but has not been applied to the adoption of HIV healthcare behaviors. The current study applied self-determination theory to descriptions of healthcare behaviors adopted by ethnic minority women after an HIV diagnosis. Women of color were asked to describe their experiences with HIV testing, entry, and engagement-in-care in qualitative interviews and focus groups. Participants were mostly African-American (88%), over 40 years old (70%), had been diagnosed for more than 6 years (87%) and had disclosed their HIV infection to more than 3 people (73%). Women described unmet self-determination needs at different time points along the HIV Continuum of Care. Women experienced a significant loss of autonomy at the time of HIV diagnosis. Meeting competency and relatedness needs assisted women in entry and engagement-in-care. However, re-establishing autonomy was a key element for long-term engagement-in-care. Interventions that satisfy these needs at the optimal time point in care could improve diagnosis, entry-to-care, and retention-in-care for women living with HIV. PMID:23829331

Experiences with HIV testing, entry, and engagement in care by HIV-infected women of color, and the need for autonomy, competency, and relatedness.

PubMed

Quinlivan, E Byrd; Messer, Lynne C; Adimora, Adaora A; Roytburd, Katya; Bowditch, Natasha; Parnell, Heather; Seay, Julia; Bell, Lynda; Pierce, Jonah K

2013-07-01

Self-determination theory examines the needs of people adopting new behaviors but has not been applied to the adoption of HIV healthcare behaviors. The current study applied self-determination theory to descriptions of healthcare behaviors adopted by ethnic minority women after an HIV diagnosis. Women of color were asked to describe their experiences with HIV testing, entry, and engagement-in-care in qualitative interviews and focus groups. Participants were mostly African-American (88%), over 40 years old (70%), had been diagnosed for more than 6 years (87%) and had disclosed their HIV infection to more than 3 people (73%). Women described unmet self-determination needs at different time points along the HIV Continuum of Care. Women experienced a significant loss of autonomy at the time of HIV diagnosis. Meeting competency and relatedness needs assisted women in entry and engagement-in-care. However, re-establishing autonomy was a key element for long-term engagement-in-care. Interventions that satisfy these needs at the optimal time point in care could improve diagnosis, entry-to-care, and retention-in-care for women living with HIV.

Disturbance observer based model predictive control for accurate atmospheric entry of spacecraft

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wu, Chao; Yang, Jun; Li, Shihua; Li, Qi; Guo, Lei

2018-05-01

Facing the complex aerodynamic environment of Mars atmosphere, a composite atmospheric entry trajectory tracking strategy is investigated in this paper. External disturbances, initial states uncertainties and aerodynamic parameters uncertainties are the main problems. The composite strategy is designed to solve these problems and improve the accuracy of Mars atmospheric entry. This strategy includes a model predictive control for optimized trajectory tracking performance, as well as a disturbance observer based feedforward compensation for external disturbances and uncertainties attenuation. 500-run Monte Carlo simulations show that the proposed composite control scheme achieves more precise Mars atmospheric entry (3.8 km parachute deployment point distribution error) than the baseline control scheme (8.4 km) and integral control scheme (5.8 km).

Sexual abuse, social stigma and HIV vulnerability among young feminised men in Lahore and Karachi, Pakistan.

PubMed

de Lind van Wijngaarden, Jan W; Schunter, Bettina T; Iqbal, Qasim

2013-01-01

This study describes the experiences of 10 young feminised men in Pakistan. They face high levels of stigma, violence and sexual abuse. The average age of first sex was 11 years old and all reported having been been raped during childhood and early adolescence, often several times. While some mothers and siblings were quietly supportive, young feminised men often end up running away from home, finding support as a member of a hijra dera, a 'pseudo-household' led by an older feminised man or guru, in which they find employment as dancers or sex workers. After their entry into sex work there is little or no opportunity to use condoms. The hijra dera offer an important entry point for improved social support and sexual health programmes, including efforts to ensure young feminised men postpone their sexual debut and/or improve their sexual health, retain access to education, explore alternative forms of employment and improve access to health care.

78 FR 23843 - Special Local Regulations; Moss Point Rockin' the Riverfront Festival; Robertson Lake & O'Leary...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-04-23

...-AA08 Special Local Regulations; Moss Point Rockin' the Riverfront Festival; Robertson Lake & O'Leary... Festival high speed boat races. Entry into, transiting or anchoring in this area is prohibited to all... Rockin' the Riverfront Festival; Robertson Lake & O'Leary Lake; Moss Point, MS. (a) Location. The...

Automated location detection of injection site for preclinical stereotactic neurosurgery procedure

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Abbaszadeh, Shiva; Wu, Hemmings C. H.

2017-03-01

Currently, during stereotactic neurosurgery procedures, the manual task of locating the proper area for needle insertion or implantation of electrode/cannula/optic fiber can be time consuming. The requirement of the task is to quickly and accurately find the location for insertion. In this study we investigate an automated method to locate the entry point of region of interest. This method leverages a digital image capture system, pattern recognition, and motorized stages. Template matching of known anatomical identifiable regions is used to find regions of interest (e.g. Bregma) in rodents. For our initial study, we tackle the problem of automatically detecting the entry point.

Diversion at re-entry using criminogenic CBT: Review and prototypical program development.

PubMed

Heilbrun, Kirk; Pietruszka, Victoria; Thornewill, Alice; Phillips, Sarah; Schiedel, Rebecca

2017-09-01

Society and the criminal justice system prioritize the reduction of reoffending risk as part of any criminal justice intervention. The Sequential Intercept Model identifies five points of interception at which justice-involved individuals can be diverted into a more rehabilitative alternative: (1) law enforcement/emergency services; (2) booking/initial court hearings; (3) jails/courts; (4) re-entry; and (5) community corrections/community support. The present article focuses on diversion as part of Intercept 5 - re-entry planning and specialized services in the community. We describe the challenges associated with diversion at this stage, and review the relevant research. Next, we describe a "criminogenic cognitive behavioral therapy" project that has been developed and implemented as part of a federal re-entry court. Finally, we discuss the implications of the challenges of intervention at this stage, and the recently developed "Re-entry Project," for research, policy, and practice. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Entry trajectory, entry environment, and analysis of spacecraft motion for the RAM C-3 flight experiment

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Weaver, W. L.; Bowen, J. T.

1972-01-01

The RAM C-3 flight experiment was launched to study the problem of radiofrequency blackout at an entry velocity of 24,300 ft/sec. The flight is described, and data for the entry trajectory and environment, which include the effects of actual temperature measured the day of launch, are presented. An analysis of entry spacecraft motions was performed. This analysis included the determination of wind angles from measured accelerations and estimates of wind angles at high altitudes from gyro-measured rotation rates. The maximum wind angles were found to be less than 5 deg to the point of pitch-roll resonance where the total wind angle increased to 8.5 deg and the roll rate started decreasing. A plausible cause for the decrease in roll rate was shown to be a combination of trim angle and an offset center of gravity.

Characterization of Human and Murine T-Cell Immunoglobulin Mucin Domain 4 (TIM-4) IgV Domain Residues Critical for Ebola Virus Entry.

PubMed

Rhein, Bethany A; Brouillette, Rachel B; Schaack, Grace A; Chiorini, John A; Maury, Wendy

2016-07-01

Phosphatidylserine (PtdSer) receptors that are responsible for the clearance of dying cells have recently been found to mediate enveloped virus entry. Ebola virus (EBOV), a member of the Filoviridae family of viruses, utilizes PtdSer receptors for entry into target cells. The PtdSer receptors human and murine T-cell immunoglobulin mucin (TIM) domain proteins TIM-1 and TIM-4 mediate filovirus entry by binding to PtdSer on the virion surface via a conserved PtdSer binding pocket within the amino-terminal IgV domain. While the residues within the TIM-1 IgV domain that are important for EBOV entry are characterized, the molecular details of virion-TIM-4 interactions have yet to be investigated. As sequences and structural alignments of the TIM proteins suggest distinct differences in the TIM-1 and TIM-4 IgV domain structures, we sought to characterize TIM-4 IgV domain residues required for EBOV entry. Using vesicular stomatitis virus pseudovirions bearing EBOV glycoprotein (EBOV GP/VSVΔG), we evaluated virus binding and entry into cells expressing TIM-4 molecules mutated within the IgV domain, allowing us to identify residues important for entry. Similar to TIM-1, residues in the PtdSer binding pocket of murine and human TIM-4 (mTIM-4 and hTIM-4) were found to be important for EBOV entry. However, additional TIM-4-specific residues were also found to impact EBOV entry, with a total of 8 mTIM-4 and 14 hTIM-4 IgV domain residues being critical for virion binding and internalization. Together, these findings provide a greater understanding of the interaction of TIM-4 with EBOV virions. With more than 28,000 cases and over 11,000 deaths during the largest and most recent Ebola virus (EBOV) outbreak, there has been increased emphasis on the development of therapeutics against filoviruses. Many therapies under investigation target EBOV cell entry. T-cell immunoglobulin mucin (TIM) domain proteins are cell surface factors important for the entry of many enveloped viruses, including EBOV. TIM family member TIM-4 is expressed on macrophages and dendritic cells, which are early cellular targets during EBOV infection. Here, we performed a mutagenesis screening of the IgV domain of murine and human TIM-4 to identify residues that are critical for EBOV entry. Surprisingly, we identified more human than murine TIM-4 IgV domain residues that are required for EBOV entry. Defining the TIM IgV residues needed for EBOV entry clarifies the virus-receptor interactions and paves the way for the development of novel therapeutics targeting virus binding to this cell surface receptor. Copyright © 2016, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

19 CFR 149.5 - Eligibility to file an Importer Security Filing, authorized agents.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... data interchange system. If the Importer Security Filing and entry or entry summary are provided via a... must retain powers of attorney in English until revoked. Revoked powers of attorney and letters of...

Equine herpesvirus 1 entry via endocytosis is facilitated by alphaV integrins and an RSD motif in glycoprotein D.

PubMed

Van de Walle, Gerlinde R; Peters, Sarah T; VanderVen, Brian C; O'Callaghan, Dennis J; Osterrieder, Nikolaus

2008-12-01

Equine herpesvirus 1 (EHV-1) is a member of the Alphaherpesvirinae, and its broad tissue tropism suggests that EHV-1 may use multiple receptors to initiate virus entry. EHV-1 entry was thought to occur exclusively through fusion at the plasma membrane, but recently entry via the endocytic/phagocytic pathway was reported for Chinese hamster ovary cells (CHO-K1 cells). Here we show that cellular integrins, and more specifically those recognizing RGD motifs such as alphaVbeta5, are important during the early steps of EHV-1 entry via endocytosis in CHO-K1 cells. Moreover, mutational analysis revealed that an RSD motif in the EHV-1 envelope glycoprotein D (gD) is critical for entry via endocytosis. In addition, we show that EHV-1 enters peripheral blood mononuclear cells predominantly via the endocytic pathway, whereas in equine endothelial cells entry occurs mainly via fusion at the plasma membrane. Taken together, the data in this study provide evidence that EHV-1 entry via endocytosis is triggered by the interaction between cellular integrins and the RSD motif present in gD and, moreover, that EHV-1 uses different cellular entry pathways to infect important target cell populations of its natural host.

76 FR 37136 - Post-Summary Corrections to Entry Summaries Filed in ACE Pursuant to the ESAR IV Test

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-06-24

... Phased Out for Entry Summaries Filed in ACE The Post-Entry Amendment (PEA) test allows importers to amend... DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY U.S. Customs and Border Protection Post-Summary Corrections to Entry Summaries Filed in ACE Pursuant to the ESAR IV Test AGENCY: U.S. Customs and Border Protection...

Anatomic determination of optimal entry point and direction for C1 lateral mass screw placement.

PubMed

Blagg, Stuart E; Don, Angus S; Robertson, Peter A

2009-06-01

Anatomic study of C1 osteology using computerized tomography. To define the anatomy of the C1 lateral mass and make recommendations for optimal entry point and screw placement at C1. C1 lateral mass screw fixation is a reliable biomechanical technique that gives equivalent stability to that of Magerl transarticular screw fixation combined with posterior wiring for C1-C2 fusion. Use of a lateral mass screw allows alternative stabilization constructs to the transarticular technique when C2 vertebral artery anatomy is unfavorable. Because the vertebral artery travels lateral to the lateral mass, then crosses medially over the C1 neural arch, it is at risk during instrumentation. Medially, the cord and canal contents are at risk. While the anatomy of the C1 vertebra and lateral mass is well known, specific definition of ideal entry points, screw pathway direction, and dimensions of screws requires further clarification to enable a clinically safe surgical technique. Fifty consecutive patients underwent computerized tomography scans of their cervical spine. Using calibrated scans, measurements were taken to give the average dimensions of the C1 vertebra with a view for insertion of lateral mass screws beneath the posterior arch. The range of anatomic dimensions was examined to assess risk of vertebral artery damage in this population. The average length of screw within the lateral mass is 17.9 mm with 21.5 mm of screw posterior to the lateral mass, necessary to allow rod placement posteriorly. The safest entry point was directly beneath the medial edge of the posterior arch/lamina where it joins the lateral mass. The ideal direction of screw angulation in the sagittal plane was parallel to the posterior arch of C1. In the medial lateral plane, direct anterior placement could be used, but the lateral mass will tolerate 20 degrees of medial angulation from this starting point. The average distance between the vertebral artery foramen laterally and the screw pathway was 8.8 mm using these landmarks, and 5.8 mm from the medial aspect of the lateral mass. The range of anatomic variation was such that 9 lateral masses had a vertebral artery foramen to screw distance of only 3 mm. The vertebral artery was not at risk when these anatomic landmarks were used. C1 lateral mass screws are best placed beneath the posterior arch, parallel with the arch in the sagittal plan. The entry point is the medial border of the neural arch at its junction with the lateral mass. Straight ahead screw direction is safe in the axial plane, but up to 20 degrees of medial angulation will increase the safety margin from the vertebral artery foramen, and this technique avoids vertebral artery damage and optimizes lateral mass screw purchase. We suggest that this is the preferred method of entry into the lateral mass of C1.

Orion Entry Display Feeder and Interactions with the Entry Monitor System

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Baird, Darren; Bernatovich, Mike; Gillespie, Ellen; Kadwa, Binaifer; Matthews, Dave; Penny, Wes; Zak, Tim; Grant, Mike; Bihari, Brian

2010-01-01

The Orion spacecraft is designed to return astronauts to a landing within 10 km of the intended landing target from low Earth orbit, lunar direct-entry, and lunar skip-entry trajectories. Al pile the landing is nominally controlled autonomously, the crew can fly precision entries manually in the event of an anomaly. The onboard entry displays will be used by the crew to monitor and manually fly the entry, descent, and landing, while the Entry Monitor System (EMS) will be used to monitor the health and status of the onboard guidance and the trajectory. The entry displays are driven by the entry display feeder, part of the Entry Monitor System (EMS). The entry re-targeting module, also part of the EMS, provides all the data required to generate the capability footprint of the vehicle at any point in the trajectory, which is shown on the Primary Flight Display (PFD). It also provides caution and warning data and recommends the safest possible re-designated landing site when the nominal landing site is no longer within the capability of the vehicle. The PFD and the EMS allow the crew to manually fly an entry trajectory profile from entry interface until parachute deploy having the flexibility to manually steer the vehicle to a selected landing site that best satisfies the priorities of the crew. The entry display feeder provides data from the ENIS and other components of the GNC flight software to the displays at the proper rate and in the proper units. It also performs calculations that are specific to the entry displays and which are not made in any other component of the flight software. In some instances, it performs calculations identical to those performed by the onboard primary guidance algorithm to protect against a guidance system failure. These functions and the interactions between the entry display feeder and the other components of the EMS are described.

You are the one thinking this: locative poetry as deictic writing

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sundnes Løvlie, Anders

2012-03-01

This article presents an experiment in locative literature. Using the textopia system for sharing of literary texts through spatial annotation and locative exploration with mobile devices, a commissioned work was created for a poetry festival. The project aimed to explore how professional, renowned poets could contribute a deepened understanding of the locative medium. The texts produced show two important traits. Firstly, a particular use of deictic relationships, in which words like "you" and "here" take on a particular importance, indicating that these words work like entry points for fiction and markers of make-believe. Secondly, a preoccupation with relations of absence and presence, both temporal and spatial, producing poetic recreations of a location's memory and spatial connections to the rest of the world.

15 CFR 30.50 - General requirements for filing import entries.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 15 Commerce and Foreign Trade 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false General requirements for filing import entries. 30.50 Section 30.50 Commerce and Foreign Trade Regulations Relating to Commerce and Foreign Trade BUREAU OF THE CENSUS, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE FOREIGN TRADE REGULATIONS Import Requirements § 30.50...

Stability and Change in the Cognitive and Adaptive Behaviour Scores of Preschoolers with Autism Spectrum Disorder

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Flanagan, Helen E.; Smith, Isabel M.; Vaillancourt, Tracy; Duku, Eric; Szatmari, Peter; Bryson, Susan; Fombonne, Eric; Mirenda, Pat; Roberts, Wendy; Volden, Joanne; Waddell, Charlotte; Zwaigenbaum, Lonnie; Bennett, Teresa; Elsabbagh, Mayada; Georgiades, Stelios

2015-01-01

We examined the stability of cognitive and adaptive behaviour standard scores in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) between diagnosis and school entry approximately age 6. IQ increased 18 points in 2-year-olds, 12 points in 3-year-olds, and 9 points in 4-year-olds (N = 281). Adaptive behaviour scores increased 4 points across age groups…

The Development of Children at Familial Risk for Dyslexia: Birth to Early School Age

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lyytinen, Heikki; Aro, Mikko; Eklund, Kenneth; Erskine, Jane; Guttorm, Tomi; Laakso, Marja-Leena; Leppanen, Paavo H. T.; Lyytinen, Paula; Poikkeus, Anna-Maija; Richardson, Ulla; Torppa, Minna

2004-01-01

Children at risk for familial dyslexia (n = 107) and their controls (n = 93) have been followed from birth to school entry in the Jyvaskyla Longitudinal study of Dyslexia (JLD) on developmental factors linked to reading and dyslexia. At the point of school entry, the majority of the at-risk children displayed decoding ability that fell at least 1…

Identifying and Overcoming Obstacles to Point-of-Care Data Collection for Eye Care Professionals

PubMed Central

Lobach, David F.; Silvey, Garry M.; Macri, Jennifer M.; Hunt, Megan; Kacmaz, Roje O.; Lee, Paul P.

2005-01-01

Supporting data entry by clinicians is considered one of the greatest challenges in implementing electronic health records. In this paper we describe a formative evaluation study using three different methodologies through which we identified obstacles to point-of-care data entry for eye care and then used the formative process to develop and test solutions to overcome these obstacles. The greatest obstacles were supporting free text annotation of clinical observations and accommodating the creation of detailed diagrams in multiple colors. To support free text entry, we arrived at an approach that captures an image of a free text note and associates this image with related data elements in an encounter note. The detailed diagrams included a color pallet that allowed changing pen color with a single stroke and also captured the diagrams as an image associated with related data elements. During observed sessions with simulated patients, these approaches satisfied the clinicians’ documentation needs by capturing the full range of clinical complexity that arises in practice. PMID:16779083

Very early great saphenous vein graft aneurysm treated by percutaneous coronary intervention under ChromaFlo imaging guidance.

PubMed

Yamaguchi, Tetsuo; Miyamoto, Takamichi; Kawahatsu, Kandoh; Nozato, Toshihiro

2017-07-19

A 73-year-old man, who had undergone coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) 10 days prior, presented with a great saphenous vein graft aneurysm (SVGA). CT revealed the increasing size of the aneurysm. Since the SVGA occurred immediately after CABG and there were no other complications, the aneurysm was treated percutaneously. While intravascular ultrasonography (IVUS) and optical coherence tomography failed to detect the entry point, an IVUS catheter with the addition of ChromaFlo imaging clearly revealed the entry point, size and length of the SVGA. To prevent migration and edge restenosis associated with covered stents, the covered stent (3.0×19 mm) was superimposed on a drug-eluting stent (3.0×28 mm) that covered the entry site. A follow-up study demonstrated the absence of flow into the aneurysm. © BMJ Publishing Group Ltd (unless otherwise stated in the text of the article) 2017. All rights reserved. No commercial use is permitted unless otherwise expressly granted.

Enabling Venus In-Situ Science - Deployable Entry System Technology, Adaptive Deployable Entry and Placement Technology (ADEPT): A Technology Development Project funded by Game Changing Development Program of the Space Technology Program

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Wercinski, Paul F.; Venkatapathy, Ethiraj; Gage, Peter J.; Yount, Bryan C.; Prabhu, Dinesh K.; Smith, Brandon; Arnold, James O.; Makino, alberto; Peterson, Keith Hoppe; Chinnapongse, Ronald I.

2012-01-01

Venus is one of the important planetary destinations for scientific exploration, but: The combination of extreme entry environment coupled with extreme surface conditions have made mission planning and proposal efforts very challenging. We present an alternate, game-changing approach (ADEPT) where a novel entry system architecture enables more benign entry conditions and this allows for greater flexibility and lower risk in mission design

Hepatitis C virus depends on E-cadherin as an entry factor and regulates its expression in epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition.

PubMed

Li, Qisheng; Sodroski, Catherine; Lowey, Brianna; Schweitzer, Cameron J; Cha, Helen; Zhang, Fang; Liang, T Jake

2016-07-05

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) enters the host cell through interactions with a cascade of cellular factors. Although significant progress has been made in understanding HCV entry, the precise mechanisms by which HCV exploits the receptor complex and host machinery to enter the cell remain unclear. This intricate process of viral entry likely depends on additional yet-to-be-defined cellular molecules. Recently, by applying integrative functional genomics approaches, we identified and interrogated distinct sets of host dependencies in the complete HCV life cycle. Viral entry assays using HCV pseudoparticles (HCVpps) of various genotypes uncovered multiple previously unappreciated host factors, including E-cadherin, that mediate HCV entry. E-cadherin silencing significantly inhibited HCV infection in Huh7.5.1 cells, HepG2/miR122/CD81 cells, and primary human hepatocytes at a postbinding entry step. Knockdown of E-cadherin, however, had no effect on HCV RNA replication or internal ribosomal entry site (IRES)-mediated translation. In addition, an E-cadherin monoclonal antibody effectively blocked HCV entry and infection in hepatocytes. Mechanistic studies demonstrated that E-cadherin is closely associated with claudin-1 (CLDN1) and occludin (OCLN) on the cell membrane. Depletion of E-cadherin drastically diminished the cell-surface distribution of these two tight junction proteins in various hepatic cell lines, indicating that E-cadherin plays an important regulatory role in CLDN1/OCLN localization on the cell surface. Furthermore, loss of E-cadherin expression in hepatocytes is associated with HCV-induced epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), providing an important link between HCV infection and liver cancer. Our data indicate that a dynamic interplay among E-cadherin, tight junctions, and EMT exists and mediates an important function in HCV entry.

Surgical anatomy of the radial nerve at the elbow.

PubMed

Artico, M; Telera, S; Tiengo, C; Stecco, C; Macchi, V; Porzionato, A; Vigato, E; Parenti, A; De Caro, R

2009-02-01

An anatomical study of the brachial portion of the radial nerve with surgical implications is proposed. Thirty specimens of arm from 20 fresh cadavers (11 male, 9 female) were used to examine the topographical relations of the radial nerve with reference to the following anatomical landmarks: acromion angle, medial and lateral epicondyles, point of division between the lateral and long heads of the triceps brachii, lateral intermuscular septum, site of division of the radial nerve into its superficial and posterior interosseous branches and entry and exit point of the posterior interosseous branch into the supinator muscle. The mean distances between the acromion angle and the medial and lateral levels of crossing the posterior aspect of the humerus were 109 (+/-11) and 157 (+/-11) mm, respectively. The mean length and calibre of the nerve in the groove were 59 (+/-4) and 6 (+/-1) mm, respectively. The division of the lateral and long heads of the triceps was found at a mean distance of 126 (+/-13) mm from the acromion angle. The mean distances between the lateral point of crossing the posterior aspect of the humerus and the medial and lateral epicondyles were 125 (+/-13) and 121 (+/-13) mm, respectively. The mean distance between the lateral point of crossing the posterior aspect of the humerus and the entry point in the lateral intermuscular septum (LIS) was 29 (+/-6) mm. The mean distances between the entry point of the nerve in the LIS and the medial and lateral epicondyles were 133 (+/-14) and 110 (+/-23) mm, respectively. Our study provides reliable and objective data of surgical anatomy of the radial nerve which should be always kept in mind by surgeons approaching to the surgery of the arm, in order to avoid iatrogenic injuries.

Orbiter entry trajectory corridors: 32000 pound payload, 67.5 percent center of gravity. [glide path data compilation

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Treybig, J. H.

1975-01-01

Thermal and equilibrium glide boundaries were used to analyze and/or design shuttle orbiter entry trajectories. Plots are presented of orbiter thermal and equilibrium glide boundaries in the drag/mass-relative velocity dynamic pressure-relative velocity, and altitude-relative velocity planes for an orbiter having a 32,000 pound payload and a 67.5% center of gravity location. These boundaries were defined for control points 1 through 4 of the shuttle orbiter for 40 deg-30 deg and 38 deg-28 deg ramped angle of attack entry profiles and 40 deg, 38 deg, 35 deg, 30 deg, 28 deg, and 25 deg constant angle of attack entry profiles each at 20 deg, 15 deg, and 10 deg constant body flap settings.

School Entry Requirements and Coverage of Nontargeted Adolescent Vaccines

PubMed Central

Reiter, Paul L.; Truong, Young K.; Rimer, Barbara K.; Brewer, Noel T.

2016-01-01

BACKGROUND: Low human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination coverage is an urgent public health problem requiring action. To identify policy remedies to suboptimal HPV vaccination, we assessed the relationship between states’ school entry requirements and adolescent vaccination. METHODS: We gathered data on states’ school entry requirements for adolescent vaccination (tetanus, diphtheria, and pertussis [Tdap] booster; meningococcal; and HPV) from 2007 to 2012 from Immunization Action Coalition. The National Immunization Survey–Teen provided medical record–verified vaccination data for 99 921 adolescents. We calculated coverage (among 13- to 17-year-olds) for individual vaccinations and concomitant vaccination. HPV vaccination outcomes were among female adolescents. Analyses used weighted longitudinal multivariable models. RESULTS: States with requirements for Tdap booster and meningococcal vaccination had 22 and 24 percentage point increases in coverage for these vaccines, respectively, compared with other states (both P < .05). States with HPV vaccination requirements had <1 percentage point increase in coverage for this vaccine (P < .05). Tdap booster and meningococcal vaccination requirements, respectively, were associated with 8 and 4 percentage point spillover increases for HPV vaccination coverage (both P < .05) and with increases for concomitant vaccination (all P < .05). CONCLUSIONS: Ensuring all states have meningococcal vaccination requirements could improve the nation’s HPV vaccination coverage, given that many states already require Tdap booster but not meningococcal vaccination for school entry. Vaccination programs and clinicians should capitalize on changes in adolescent vaccination, including concomitant vaccination, that may arise after states adopt vaccination requirements. Additional studies are needed on the effects of HPV vaccination requirements and opt-out provisions. PMID:27940689

School Entry Requirements and Coverage of Nontargeted Adolescent Vaccines.

PubMed

Moss, Jennifer L; Reiter, Paul L; Truong, Young K; Rimer, Barbara K; Brewer, Noel T

2016-12-01

Low human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination coverage is an urgent public health problem requiring action. To identify policy remedies to suboptimal HPV vaccination, we assessed the relationship between states' school entry requirements and adolescent vaccination. We gathered data on states' school entry requirements for adolescent vaccination (tetanus, diphtheria, and pertussis [Tdap] booster; meningococcal; and HPV) from 2007 to 2012 from Immunization Action Coalition. The National Immunization Survey-Teen provided medical record-verified vaccination data for 99 921 adolescents. We calculated coverage (among 13- to 17-year-olds) for individual vaccinations and concomitant vaccination. HPV vaccination outcomes were among female adolescents. Analyses used weighted longitudinal multivariable models. States with requirements for Tdap booster and meningococcal vaccination had 22 and 24 percentage point increases in coverage for these vaccines, respectively, compared with other states (both P < .05). States with HPV vaccination requirements had <1 percentage point increase in coverage for this vaccine (P < .05). Tdap booster and meningococcal vaccination requirements, respectively, were associated with 8 and 4 percentage point spillover increases for HPV vaccination coverage (both P < .05) and with increases for concomitant vaccination (all P < .05). Ensuring all states have meningococcal vaccination requirements could improve the nation's HPV vaccination coverage, given that many states already require Tdap booster but not meningococcal vaccination for school entry. Vaccination programs and clinicians should capitalize on changes in adolescent vaccination, including concomitant vaccination, that may arise after states adopt vaccination requirements. Additional studies are needed on the effects of HPV vaccination requirements and opt-out provisions. Copyright © 2016 by the American Academy of Pediatrics.

9 CFR 93.102 - Ports designated for the importation of birds.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... the importation of birds. (a) Special ports for pet birds. The following ports are designated as ports of entry for pet birds imported under the provisions of § 93.101(c) and performing or theatrical... § 93.105. (d) Limited ports. The following ports are designated as ports of entry for pet birds...

9 CFR 93.102 - Ports designated for the importation of birds.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... the importation of birds. (a) Special ports for pet birds. The following ports are designated as ports of entry for pet birds imported under the provisions of § 93.101(c) and performing or theatrical... § 93.105. (d) Limited ports. The following ports are designated as ports of entry for pet birds...

9 CFR 93.102 - Ports designated for the importation of birds.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... the importation of birds. (a) Special ports for pet birds. The following ports are designated as ports of entry for pet birds imported under the provisions of § 93.101(c) and performing or theatrical... § 93.105. (d) Limited ports. The following ports are designated as ports of entry for pet birds...

9 CFR 93.321 - Import permits and applications for inspection for horses.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... States from Mexico, the importer or his or her agent shall deliver to the veterinary inspector at the port of entry an application, in writing, for inspection, so that the veterinary inspector and customs... veterinary inspector at the port of entry will provide the importer or his or her agent with a written...

9 CFR 93.321 - Import permits and applications for inspection for horses.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... States from Mexico, the importer or his or her agent shall deliver to the veterinary inspector at the port of entry an application, in writing, for inspection, so that the veterinary inspector and customs... veterinary inspector at the port of entry will provide the importer or his or her agent with a written...

40 CFR 141.22 - Turbidity sampling and analytical requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... requirements. 141.22 Section 141.22 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) WATER PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) NATIONAL PRIMARY DRINKING WATER REGULATIONS Monitoring and Analytical Requirements... suppliers of water for both community and non-community water systems at a representative entry point(s) to...

40 CFR 141.22 - Turbidity sampling and analytical requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... requirements. 141.22 Section 141.22 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) WATER PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) NATIONAL PRIMARY DRINKING WATER REGULATIONS Monitoring and Analytical Requirements... suppliers of water for both community and non-community water systems at a representative entry point(s) to...

40 CFR 141.22 - Turbidity sampling and analytical requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... requirements. 141.22 Section 141.22 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) WATER PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) NATIONAL PRIMARY DRINKING WATER REGULATIONS Monitoring and Analytical Requirements... suppliers of water for both community and non-community water systems at a representative entry point(s) to...

40 CFR 141.22 - Turbidity sampling and analytical requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... requirements. 141.22 Section 141.22 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) WATER PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) NATIONAL PRIMARY DRINKING WATER REGULATIONS Monitoring and Analytical Requirements... suppliers of water for both community and non-community water systems at a representative entry point(s) to...

40 CFR 141.22 - Turbidity sampling and analytical requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... requirements. 141.22 Section 141.22 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) WATER PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) NATIONAL PRIMARY DRINKING WATER REGULATIONS Monitoring and Analytical Requirements... suppliers of water for both community and non-community water systems at a representative entry point(s) to...

Development of Curie point switching for thin film, random access, memory device

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Lewicki, G. W.; Tchernev, D. I.

1967-01-01

Managanese bismuthide films are used in the development of a random access memory device of high packing density and nondestructive readout capability. Memory entry is by Curie point switching using a laser beam. Readout is accomplished by microoptical or micromagnetic scanning.

Circulating moving bed system for CO.sub.2 separation, and method of same

DOEpatents

Elliott, Jeannine Elizabeth; Copeland, Robert James

2016-12-27

A circulating moving bed and process for separating a carbon dioxide from a gas stream is disclosed. The circulating moving bed can include an adsorption reactor and a desorption reactor, and a sorbent that moves through the two reactors. The sorbent can enter the adsorptive reactor and one end and move to an exit point distal to its entry point, while a CO.sub.2 feed stream can enter near the distal point and move countercurrently through the sorbent to exit at a position near the entry point of the sorbent. The sorbent can adsorb the CO.sub.2 by concentration swing adsorption and adsorptive displacement. The sorbent can then transfer to a regeneration reactor and can move countercurrently against a flow of steam through the regeneration reactor. The sorbent can be regenerated and the carbon dioxide recaptured by desorbing the carbon dioxide from the sorbent using concentration swing desorption and desorptive displacement with steam.

Four-point injection technique for lip augmentation.

PubMed

Sahan, Ali; Funda, Tamer

2018-06-01

Lip augmentation procedures with hyaluronic acid dermal fillers have become increasingly popular worldwide because full lips are often considered beautiful and youthful. The goal of a lip augmentation procedure is to create smooth lips with adequate volume and a natural appearance. Various techniques for lip augmentation have been utilized and described. In the four-point injection technique, the lips were divided equally into right side and left side. Four entry points were made above the vermilion border for the upper lip and below the vermilion border for the lower lip. The filler was administered with a fanning technique through each entry point. Between January 2017 and November 2017, 50 female patients underwent a nonsurgical lip augmentation procedure with injectable fillers using this technique. Forty-five patients (90%) reported that they were satisfied or extremely satisfied with their lip enhancement procedure. No serious complications were observed. The advantages of this technique are reducing the risk of complications like erythema, edema, and vascular injuries, and providing easy access to injection sites.

Doing Science and Asking Questions II: An Exercise That Generates Questions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hurt Middlecamp, Catherine; Nickel, Anne-Marie L.

2005-08-01

Given the importance of questions in science, it is critical that students learn to ask questions as well as learning to answer them. This paper describes a classroom exercise to help students better ask their own questions. It has been classroom-tested in multiple formats and has also been used for curriculum development workshops for faculty. This exercise in creating questions can be easily customized to suit different instructional contexts; some variations are outlined. More broadly, this paper also discusses the pedagogical significance of questioning, raising four salient points: (1) learners are more likely to have a personal interest in the questions they raise; (2) questions can serve as entry points for issues relating to ethnicity and gender; (3) questions give control to the person who asks them; and (4) questions can challenge existing structures, categories, and norms.

Awareness of healthcare workers regarding preventive measures of communicable diseases among Hajj pilgrims at the entry point in Western Saudi Arabia.

PubMed

Al-Ghamdi, Adel S; Kabbash, Ibrahim A

2011-11-01

To determine the level of knowledge of healthcare workers (HCWs) towards preventive measures for communicable diseases among pilgrims, and to highlight the difficulties faced by HCWs in implementing preventive measures at entry point. A cross-sectional study was conducted at King Abdulaziz International Airport Hajj Terminals in Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia during Hajj season from October to November 2009 including 325 healthcare workers (HCWs). Data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire. Difficulties reported by HCWs were refusal of vaccine, or chemoprophylaxis by some pilgrims, language barriers, and difficulties in organizing pilgrims. The different items related to meningococcal meningitis were answered correctly by most HCWs except for preventive measures applied to infants and children. Less than one half were aware of the period of validity for Yellow Fever vaccine certificate and measures to be taken for unvaccinated pilgrims. Only 32.9% were aware of preventive measures that should be applied against influenza A (H1N1). Physicians, those reading guidelines, and those with high experience a showed significantly better level of knowledge than other categories. The HCWs have difficulties in some preventive measures, especially among non-physicians, those with less years of experience, and those who did not read the written guidelines, which highlighted the importance of training courses before Hajj season.

Evaluation of the anterior ethmoidal artery by 3D dual volume rotational digital subtraction angiography and native multidetector CT with multiplanar reformations. Initial findings.

PubMed

Pandolfo, Ignazio; Vinci, Sergio; Salamone, Ignazio; Granata, Francesca; Mazziotti, Silvio

2007-06-01

Our purpose is to codify the anterior ethmoidal artery (AEA) course and its relationship with adjacent structures. Twenty patients with cerebrovascular disease underwent selective internal carotid dual volume angiography. Fusion of the vascular and bony images was obtained successively on a second console. MDCT of the cranium was performed in all patients. To identify the AEA course, multiplanar CT reformations were obtained. In all cases the entry-point of AEA and its course were identified by means of dual volume angiography. The information was confirmed by MDCT. In a second phase, we studied another 78 patients affected by inflammatory disease and polyposis only by means of MDCT, in order to confirm the previous data obtained by comparison between angiography and MDCT. In this second phase, 110/156 vessels were indirectly detected by means of visualization of the ethmoidal entry point. In the remaining cases, AEA was directly shown due to integrity of the thin ethmoidal bone lamellae or bony canal. Dual volume angiography is essential to identify the course of the AEA (standard of reference for the interpretation of CT). In patients with benign rhinosinusal pathology, where invasivity techniques are not justified, MPR reconstructions were of pivotal importance in the evaluation of the course of the artery with particular reference to its relationship with the frontal recess.

Implementation of home-based medication order entry at a community hospital.

PubMed

Thorne, Alicia; Williamson, Sarah; Jellison, Tara; Jellison, Chris

2009-11-01

The implementation of a home-based order-entry program at a community hospital is described. Parkview Hospital is a 600-bed, community-based facility located in Fort Wayne, Indiana, that provides 24-hour pharmacy services. The main purpose for establishing a home-based order-entry program was to provide extra pharmacist coverage during the event of a spontaneous order surge in an effort to maintain excellent customer service. A virtual private network (VPN) was created to ensure the security and confidentiality of patients' health care information. The names of volunteer pharmacists who met specific criteria and who were capable of performing home-based order entry were collected. These pharmacists were trained and tested in the home-based order-entry process. When home-based order-entry is needed, the lead pharmacist contacts the pharmacists on the list by telephone. If available, the pharmacists (maximum of three) are notified to log into the Internet, access the VPN, and perform order entry with the same vigilance, confidentiality, and care as they would onsite. Home-based order entry is discontinued when off-trigger points are met. Pharmacists entering orders from home are paid by the time spent conducting order entry. Pharmacists reported that the program was easy to contact home-based order-entry volunteers, there were no problems with logging into the VPNs, and turnaround time was close to our target of 25 minutes. A community-based hospital successfully implemented a home-based medication order-entry program. The program alleviated the shortage of pharmacists during spontaneous surges of medication orders.

7 CFR 322.11 - Ports of entry.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

..., DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE BEES, BEEKEEPING BYPRODUCTS, AND BEEKEEPING EQUIPMENT Importation of Adult Honeybees, Honeybee Germ Plasm, and Bees Other Than Honeybees From Approved Regions § 322.11 Ports of entry. Shipments of honeybees, honeybee germ plasm, and bees other than honeybees imported under this subpart may...

7 CFR 322.11 - Ports of entry.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

..., DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE BEES, BEEKEEPING BYPRODUCTS, AND BEEKEEPING EQUIPMENT Importation of Adult Honeybees, Honeybee Germ Plasm, and Bees Other Than Honeybees From Approved Regions § 322.11 Ports of entry. Shipments of honeybees, honeybee germ plasm, and bees other than honeybees imported under this subpart may...

7 CFR 322.11 - Ports of entry.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

..., DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE BEES, BEEKEEPING BYPRODUCTS, AND BEEKEEPING EQUIPMENT Importation of Adult Honeybees, Honeybee Germ Plasm, and Bees Other Than Honeybees From Approved Regions § 322.11 Ports of entry. Shipments of honeybees, honeybee germ plasm, and bees other than honeybees imported under this subpart may...

7 CFR 322.11 - Ports of entry.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

..., DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE BEES, BEEKEEPING BYPRODUCTS, AND BEEKEEPING EQUIPMENT Importation of Adult Honeybees, Honeybee Germ Plasm, and Bees Other Than Honeybees From Approved Regions § 322.11 Ports of entry. Shipments of honeybees, honeybee germ plasm, and bees other than honeybees imported under this subpart may...

7 CFR 322.11 - Ports of entry.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

..., DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE BEES, BEEKEEPING BYPRODUCTS, AND BEEKEEPING EQUIPMENT Importation of Adult Honeybees, Honeybee Germ Plasm, and Bees Other Than Honeybees From Approved Regions § 322.11 Ports of entry. Shipments of honeybees, honeybee germ plasm, and bees other than honeybees imported under this subpart may...

Method and system for efficiently searching an encoded vector index

DOEpatents

Bui, Thuan Quang; Egan, Randy Lynn; Kathmann, Kevin James

2001-09-04

Method and system aspects for efficiently searching an encoded vector index are provided. The aspects include the translation of a search query into a candidate bitmap, and the mapping of data from the candidate bitmap into a search result bitmap according to entry values in the encoded vector index. Further, the translation includes the setting of a bit in the candidate bitmap for each entry in a symbol table that corresponds to candidate of the search query. Also included in the mapping is the identification of a bit value in the candidate bitmap pointed to by an entry in an encoded vector.

Morbidity, utilization of curative care and service entry point preferences in metropolitan Centro Habana, Cuba.

PubMed

Rodríguez, Armando; Díaz, Addys; Balcindes, Susana; García, René; Vos, Pol De; Stuyft, Patrick Van der

2016-11-03

First-line health services with a primary health care approach are a strong trigger for adequate health-care-seeking behavior. Research on the association between prevalence of chronic diseases and acute illnesses and use of health services emphasizes the importance of socioeconomic determinants in such patterns of utilization. In a cross-sectional study of 408 families in Centro Habana, Cuba, home interviews were conducted between April and June 2010 to analyze socio-demographic determinants of acute and chronic health problems and use of formal health services. Bivariate and logistic regression models were used. 529 persons reported a chronic disease. During the previous month, 155 of the latter reported an exacerbation and 50 experienced an unrelated acute health problem. 107 persons without chronic diseases reported acute health problems. Age was the strongest determinant of chronic disease prevalence. Adult women and the elderly were more likely to report acute problems. Acute patients with underlying chronic disease used formal services more often. No socio-demographic variable was associated with services use or consultation with the family physician. While the family physician is defined as the system's entry-point, this was the case for only 54% of patients that had used formal services, thus compromising the physician's role in counseling patients and summarizing their health issues. The importance of chronic diseases highlights the need to strengthen the family physician's pivotal role. New economic policies in Cuba, stimulating self-employment and private initiative, may increase the strain on the exclusively public health care system. Still, the Cuban health system has demonstrated its ability to adapt to new challenges, and the basic premises of Cuba's health policy are expected to be preserved.

HOME TREATMENT DEVICES - MICROBIOLOGY OF POINT OF USE AND POINT OF ENTRY DEVICES

EPA Science Inventory

Consumer concerns over the quality of their drinking water have increased steadily over the past 15-20 years. This is primarily due to the perception of consumers, significantly influenced by news media reports, that contaminants (chemical and microbiological) in municipal drinki...

Assessment of Competencies for Computer Information Systems Curricula.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Womble, Myra N.

1993-01-01

In a survey of 80 managerial and 130 entry-level computer professionals, most entry workers believed they possessed competencies identified in Association for Computing Machinery (ACM) curricula; most managers did not agree. Most managers rated 28% of ACM competencies moderately to not important; 63% were so rated by entry workers. (SK)

Guidelines for Preparing Psychological Specialists: An Entry-Level Course on Intellectual Assessment

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Oakland, Thomas; Wechsler, Solange Muglia

2016-01-01

This article provides guidelines for an entry-level course that prepares psychology students and practitioners to acquire entry-level skills, abilities, knowledge, and attitudes important to the individual assessment of intellectual abilities of children and youth. The article reviews prominent international, regional, and national policies,…

19 CFR 181.31 - Right to make post-importation claim and refund duties.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 19 Customs Duties 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Right to make post-importation claim and refund... Refund Claims § 181.31 Right to make post-importation claim and refund duties. Notwithstanding any other available remedy, including the right to amend an entry so long as liquidation of the entry has not become...

Auditing an Online Self-reported Interventional Radiology Adverse Event Database for Compliance and Accuracy.

PubMed

Burch, Ezra A; Shyn, Paul B; Chick, Jeffrey F; Chauhan, Nikunj R

2017-04-01

The purpose of this study was to determine whether auditing an online self-reported interventional radiology quality assurance database improves compliance with record entry or improves the accuracy of adverse event (AE) reporting and grading. Physicians were trained in using the database before the study began. An audit of all database entries for the first 3 months, or the first quarter, was performed, at which point physicians were informed of the audit process; entries for the subsequent 3 months, or the second quarter, were again audited. Results between quarters were compared. Compliance with record entry improved from the first to second quarter, but reminders were necessary to ensure 100% compliance with record entry. Knowledge of the audit process did not significantly improve self-reporting of AE or accuracy of AE grading. However, auditing significantly changed the final AE reporting rates and grades. Copyright © 2016 American College of Radiology. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Clinical skills assessment of procedural and advanced communication skills: performance expectations of residency program directors

PubMed Central

Langenau, Erik E.; Zhang, Xiuyuan; Roberts, William L.; DeChamplain, Andre F.; Boulet, John R.

2012-01-01

Background High stakes medical licensing programs are planning to augment and adapt current examinations to be relevant for a two-decision point model for licensure: entry into supervised practice and entry into unsupervised practice. Therefore, identifying which skills should be assessed at each decision point is critical for informing examination development, and gathering input from residency program directors is important. Methods Using data from previously developed surveys and expert panels, a web-delivered survey was distributed to 3,443 residency program directors. For each of the 28 procedural and 18 advanced communication skills, program directors were asked which clinical skills should be assessed, by whom, when, and how. Descriptive statistics were collected, and Intraclass Correlations (ICC) were conducted to determine consistency across different specialties. Results Among 347 respondents, program directors reported that all advanced communication and some procedural tasks are important to assess. The following procedures were considered ‘important’ or ‘extremely important’ to assess: sterile technique (93.8%), advanced cardiovascular life support (ACLS) (91.1%), basic life support (BLS) (90.0%), interpretation of electrocardiogram (89.4%) and blood gas (88.7%). Program directors reported that most clinical skills should be assessed at the end of the first year of residency (or later) and not before graduation from medical school. A minority were considered important to assess prior to the start of residency training: demonstration of respectfulness (64%), sterile technique (67.2%), BLS (68.9%), ACLS (65.9%) and phlebotomy (63.5%). Discussion Results from this study support that assessing procedural skills such as cardiac resuscitation, sterile technique, and phlebotomy would be amenable to assessment at the end of medical school, but most procedural and advanced communications skills would be amenable to assessment at the end of the first year of residency training or later. Conclusions Gathering data from residency program directors provides support for developing new assessment tools in high-stakes licensing examinations. PMID:22833698

78 FR 70951 - Agency Information Collection Activities; Proposed Collection; Comment Request; Importer's Entry...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-11-27

... written comments on the collection of information to the Division of Dockets Management (HFA- 305), Food... DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES Food and Drug Administration [Docket No. FDA-2013-N-1423] Agency Information Collection Activities; Proposed Collection; Comment Request; Importer's Entry Notice...

9 CFR 93.426 - Inspection at port of entry.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 9 Animals and Animal Products 1 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Inspection at port of entry. 93.426 Section 93.426 Animals and Animal Products ANIMAL AND PLANT HEALTH INSPECTION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE EXPORTATION AND IMPORTATION OF ANIMALS (INCLUDING POULTRY) AND ANIMAL PRODUCTS IMPORTATION OF...

9 CFR 93.426 - Inspection at port of entry.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 9 Animals and Animal Products 1 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Inspection at port of entry. 93.426 Section 93.426 Animals and Animal Products ANIMAL AND PLANT HEALTH INSPECTION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE EXPORTATION AND IMPORTATION OF ANIMALS (INCLUDING POULTRY) AND ANIMAL PRODUCTS IMPORTATION OF...

9 CFR 93.426 - Inspection at port of entry.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 9 Animals and Animal Products 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Inspection at port of entry. 93.426 Section 93.426 Animals and Animal Products ANIMAL AND PLANT HEALTH INSPECTION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE EXPORTATION AND IMPORTATION OF ANIMALS (INCLUDING POULTRY) AND ANIMAL PRODUCTS IMPORTATION OF...

9 CFR 93.426 - Inspection at port of entry.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 9 Animals and Animal Products 1 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Inspection at port of entry. 93.426 Section 93.426 Animals and Animal Products ANIMAL AND PLANT HEALTH INSPECTION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE EXPORTATION AND IMPORTATION OF ANIMALS (INCLUDING POULTRY) AND ANIMAL PRODUCTS IMPORTATION OF...

9 CFR 93.426 - Inspection at port of entry.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 9 Animals and Animal Products 1 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Inspection at port of entry. 93.426 Section 93.426 Animals and Animal Products ANIMAL AND PLANT HEALTH INSPECTION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE EXPORTATION AND IMPORTATION OF ANIMALS (INCLUDING POULTRY) AND ANIMAL PRODUCTS IMPORTATION OF...

Do romantic partners' responses to entry dyspareunia affect women's experience of pain? The roles of catastrophizing and self-efficacy.

PubMed

Lemieux, Ashley J; Bergeron, Sophie; Steben, Marc; Lambert, Bernard

2013-09-01

Entry dyspareunia is a sexual health concern which affects about 21% of women in the general population. Characterized by pain provoked during vaginal penetration, introital dyspareunia has been shown by controlled studies to have a negative impact on the psychological well-being, sexual function, sexual satisfaction, and quality of life of afflicted women. Many cognitive and affective variables may influence the experience of pain and associated psychosexual problems. However, the role of the partner's cognitive responses has been studied very little. The aim of the present study was to examine the associations between partners' catastrophizing and their perceptions of women's self-efficacy at managing pain on one side and women's pain intensity, sexual function, and sexual satisfaction on the other. One hundred seventy-nine heterosexual couples (mean age for women = 31, SD = 10.0; mean age for men = 33, SD = 10.6) in which the woman suffered from entry dyspareunia participated in the study. Both partners completed quantitative measures. Women completed the Pain Catastrophizing Scale and the Painful Intercourse Self-Efficacy Scale. Men completed the significant-other versions of these measures. Dependent measures were women's responses to (i) the Pain Numeric Visual Analog Scale; (ii) the Female Sexual Function Index; and (iii) the Global Measure of Sexual Satisfaction scale. Controlled for women's pain catastrophizing and self-efficacy, results indicate that higher levels of partner-perceived self-efficacy and lower levels of partner catastrophizing are associated with decreased pain intensity in women with entry dyspareunia, although only partner catastrophizing contributed unique variance. Partner-perceived self-efficacy and catastrophizing were not significantly associated with sexual function or satisfaction in women. The findings suggest that partners' cognitive responses may influence the experience of entry dyspareunia for women, pointing toward the importance of considering the partner when treating this sexual health problem. © 2013 International Society for Sexual Medicine.

The Economic Contribution of Canada's Colleges and Institutes. An Analysis of Investment Effectiveness and Economic Growth. Volume 2: Detailed Results by Gender and Entry Level of Education

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Robison, M. Henry; Christophersen, Kjell A.

2008-01-01

The purpose of this volume is to present the results of the economic impact analysis in detail by gender and entry level of education. On the data entry side, gender and entry level of education are important variables that help characterize the student body profile. This profile data links to national statistical databases which are already…

Liminality as Thought and Action

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Emmanuel, Donna T.

2011-01-01

Turner's (1974) conception of liminal space provides an entry point to look beyond the given and to create opportunities to examine, critique, and challenge the assumptions inherent in many music programs. Building upon his theory of liminality as a place that is "ambiguous, neither here or there, betwixt and between all fixed points of…

50 CFR 660.212 - Fixed gear fishery-prohibitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

..., Painted Cave, Anacapa Island, Carrington Point, Judith Rock, Skunk Point, Footprint, Gull Island, South... are specific to the limited entry fixed gear fisheries. General groundfish prohibitions are found at § 660.12, subpart C. In addition to the general groundfish prohibitions specified in § 660.12, subpart C...

POU/POE TREATMENT OF ARSENIC IN GROUND WATER

EPA Science Inventory

Point-of-use/Point-of-entry (POU/POE) arsenic removal systems were installed in seventeen homes that were found to have high levels of arsenic (50-480ug/L) in their well water. This presetation will describe the process and the problems encountered in selecting the treatment syst...

Household Water Systems: Tailoring Treatment Alternatives to Contaminants in Groundwater and Distribution Systems

EPA Science Inventory

This SSWR Webinar will provide an overview of ORD point-of-use/point-of entry research studies. The presentation will document the applicability of POU/POE devices and the regulatory requirements for household water systems under the Safe Drinking Water Act. The presentation wi...

Situating Nunavut Education with Indigenous Education in Canada

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

McGregor, Heather Elizabeth

2013-01-01

Recognizing that educational change in Nunavut has not been extensively documented, this article provides an entry point for considering how Nunavut can be better understood and situated with scholarship on Indigenous education in Canada. Comparing the history of education in Nunavut with key turning points in First Nations education, the article…

A Spiral of Transitions Leading to Broader Influence and Action.

PubMed

Benton, David C

This article describes lessons learned through a reflective analysis of job transitions experienced by a registered nurse from the time of entry into the profession until the current point where the nurse is engaged in state, national, and international policy development work. The centrality and symbiotic nature of the link between policy and practice and the importance of evidence and leadership have emerged as key aspects of the expanding spiral of influence traversed as a result of various career moves. At every stage, lessons have been learned. Some of these are professional in nature, but on occasion, the lessons have been more personal. The importance of mentors cannot be underestimated in terms of the support and guidance they offer but also the challenges they bring to existing patterns of thought and behavior.

High-resolution, cryogenic, side-entry type specimen stage

DOEpatents

King, Wayne E.; Merkle, Karl L.

1979-01-01

A high-resolution, cryogenic side-entry type specimen stage includes a copper block within which a specimen can be positioned in the electron beam of an electron microscope, one end of the copper block constituting a specimen heat exchanger, means for directing a flow of helium at cryogenic temperature into the heat exchanger, and electrical leads running from the specimen to the exterior of the microscope for four point D.C. electrical resistivity measurements.

Communications Blackout Predictions for Atmospheric Entry of Mars Science Laboratory

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Morabito, David D.; Edquist, Karl T.

2005-01-01

The Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) is expected to be a long-range, long-duration science laboratory rover on the Martian surface. MSL will provide a significant milestone that paves the way for future landed missions to Mars. NASA is studying options to launch MSL as early as 2009. There are three elements to the spacecraft; carrier (cruise stage), entry vehicle, and rover. The rover will have a UHF proximity link as the primary path for EDL communications and may have an X-band direct-to-Earth link as a back-up. Given the importance of collecting critical event telemetry data during atmospheric entry, it is important to understand the ability of a signal link to be maintained, especially during the period near peak convective heating. The received telemetry during entry (or played back later) will allow for the performance of the Entry-Descent-Landing technologies to be assessed. These technologies include guided entry for precision landing, a new sky-crane landing system and powered descent. MSL will undergo an entry profile that may result in a potential communications blackout caused by ionized particles for short periods near peak heating. The vehicle will use UHF and possibly X-band during the entry phase. The purpose of this rep0rt is to quantify or bound the likelihood of any such blackout at UHF frequencies (401 MHz) and X-band frequencies (8.4 GHz). Two entry trajectory scenarios were evaluated: a stressful entry trajectory to quantify an upper-bound for any possible blackout period, and a nominal trajectory to quantify likelihood of blackout for such cases.

Dissection of the Influenza A Virus Endocytic Routes Reveals Macropinocytosis as an Alternative Entry Pathway

PubMed Central

de Vries, Erik; Tscherne, Donna M.; Wienholts, Marleen J.; Cobos-Jiménez, Viviana; Scholte, Florine; García-Sastre, Adolfo; Rottier, Peter J. M.; de Haan, Cornelis A. M.

2011-01-01

Influenza A virus (IAV) enters host cells upon binding of its hemagglutinin glycoprotein to sialylated host cell receptors. Whereas dynamin-dependent, clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME) is generally considered as the IAV infection pathway, some observations suggest the occurrence of an as yet uncharacterized alternative entry route. By manipulating entry parameters we established experimental conditions that allow the separate analysis of dynamin-dependent and -independent entry of IAV. Whereas entry of IAV in phosphate-buffered saline could be completely inhibited by dynasore, a specific inhibitor of dynamin, a dynasore-insensitive entry pathway became functional in the presence of fetal calf serum. This finding was confirmed with the use of small interfering RNAs targeting dynamin-2. In the presence of serum, both IAV entry pathways were operational. Under these conditions entry could be fully blocked by combined treatment with dynasore and the amiloride derivative EIPA, the hallmark inhibitor of macropinocytosis, whereas either drug alone had no effect. The sensitivity of the dynamin-independent entry pathway to inhibitors or dominant-negative mutants affecting actomyosin dynamics as well as to a number of specific inhibitors of growth factor receptor tyrosine kinases and downstream effectors thereof all point to the involvement of macropinocytosis in IAV entry. Consistently, IAV particles and soluble FITC-dextran were shown to co-localize in cells in the same vesicles. Thus, in addition to the classical dynamin-dependent, clathrin-mediated endocytosis pathway, IAV enters host cells by a dynamin-independent route that has all the characteristics of macropinocytosis. PMID:21483486

15 CFR 2011.103 - Entry into the United States.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 15 Commerce and Foreign Trade 3 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Entry into the United States. 2011.103... UNITED STATES TRADE REPRESENTATIVE ALLOCATION OF TARIFF-RATE QUOTA ON IMPORTED SUGARS, SYRUPS AND MOLASSES Certificate of Quota Eligibility § 2011.103 Entry into the United States. (a) General. Except as...

9 CFR 93.215 - Special provisions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

..., That all poultry offered for re-entry upon examination by the veterinary inspector at the U.S. port of... be inspected at the border port of entry and, when accompanied by an import permit obtained under § 93.204 of this part and all conditions therein are observed, shall be allowed entry into the United...

9 CFR 93.215 - Special provisions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

..., That all poultry offered for re-entry upon examination by the veterinary inspector at the U.S. port of... be inspected at the border port of entry and, when accompanied by an import permit obtained under § 93.204 of this part and all conditions therein are observed, shall be allowed entry into the United...

9 CFR 93.215 - Special provisions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

..., That all poultry offered for re-entry upon examination by the veterinary inspector at the U.S. port of... be inspected at the border port of entry and, when accompanied by an import permit obtained under § 93.204 of this part and all conditions therein are observed, shall be allowed entry into the United...

9 CFR 93.215 - Special provisions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

..., That all poultry offered for re-entry upon examination by the veterinary inspector at the U.S. port of... be inspected at the border port of entry and, when accompanied by an import permit obtained under § 93.204 of this part and all conditions therein are observed, shall be allowed entry into the United...

9 CFR 93.215 - Special provisions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

..., That all poultry offered for re-entry upon examination by the veterinary inspector at the U.S. port of... be inspected at the border port of entry and, when accompanied by an import permit obtained under § 93.204 of this part and all conditions therein are observed, shall be allowed entry into the United...

45 CFR 670.34 - Entry and exit ports.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 45 Public Welfare 3 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Entry and exit ports. 670.34 Section 670.34 Public Welfare Regulations Relating to Public Welfare (Continued) NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION CONSERVATION OF ANTARCTIC ANIMALS AND PLANTS Import Into and Export From the United States § 670.34 Entry and exit ports. (a...

45 CFR 670.34 - Entry and exit ports.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 45 Public Welfare 3 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Entry and exit ports. 670.34 Section 670.34 Public Welfare Regulations Relating to Public Welfare (Continued) NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION CONSERVATION OF ANTARCTIC ANIMALS AND PLANTS Import Into and Export From the United States § 670.34 Entry and exit ports. (a...

45 CFR 670.34 - Entry and exit ports.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 45 Public Welfare 3 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Entry and exit ports. 670.34 Section 670.34 Public Welfare Regulations Relating to Public Welfare (Continued) NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION CONSERVATION OF ANTARCTIC ANIMALS AND PLANTS Import Into and Export From the United States § 670.34 Entry and exit ports. (a...

45 CFR 670.34 - Entry and exit ports.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 45 Public Welfare 3 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Entry and exit ports. 670.34 Section 670.34 Public Welfare Regulations Relating to Public Welfare (Continued) NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION CONSERVATION OF ANTARCTIC ANIMALS AND PLANTS Import Into and Export From the United States § 670.34 Entry and exit ports. (a...

45 CFR 670.34 - Entry and exit ports.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 45 Public Welfare 3 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Entry and exit ports. 670.34 Section 670.34 Public Welfare Regulations Relating to Public Welfare (Continued) NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION CONSERVATION OF ANTARCTIC ANIMALS AND PLANTS Import Into and Export From the United States § 670.34 Entry and exit ports. (a...

Re-Entry, Recruitment, and Retention: A Community Relations Model for Sacramento City College.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

White, Maureen E.

Enrollment statistics and projections confirm the importance of focusing community college student recruitment and retention efforts on re-entry students. Re-entry students are a distinct and growing population whose educational requirements often differ from those of younger, traditional students. The literature on adult learners indicates that:…

Time-varying Entry Heating Profile Replication with a Rotating Arc Jet Test Article

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Grinstead, Jay Henderson; Venkatapathy, Ethiraj; Noyes, Eric A.; Mach, Jeffrey J.; Empey, Daniel M.; White, Todd R.

2014-01-01

A new approach for arc jet testing of thermal protection materials at conditions approximating the time-varying conditions of atmospheric entry was developed and demonstrated. The approach relies upon the spatial variation of heat flux and pressure over a cylindrical test model. By slowly rotating a cylindrical arc jet test model during exposure to an arc jet stream, each point on the test model will experience constantly changing applied heat flux. The predicted temporal profile of heat flux at a point on a vehicle can be replicated by rotating the cylinder at a prescribed speed and direction. An electromechanical test model mechanism was designed, built, and operated during an arc jet test to demonstrate the technique.

Social service offices as a point of entry into substance abuse treatment for poor South Africans

PubMed Central

2012-01-01

Background In South Africa, district social service offices are often the first point of entry into the substance abuse treatment system. Despite this, little is known about the profile of people presenting with substance-related problems at these service points. This has a negative impact on treatment service planning. This paper begins to redress this gap through describing patterns of substance use and service needs among people using general social services in the Western Cape and comparing findings against the profile of persons attending specialist substance abuse treatment facilities in the region. Methods As part of a standard client information system, an electronic questionnaire was completed for each person seeking social assistance. Data on socio-demographic characteristics, the range of presenting problems, patterns of substance use, perceived consequences of substance use, as well as types of services provided were analysed for the 691 social welfare clients who reported substance use between 2007 and 2009. These data were compared against clients attending substance abuse treatment centres during the same time period. Results Findings indicate that social services offices are used as a way of accessing specialist services but are also used as a service point, especially by groups under-represented in the specialist treatment sector. Women, people from rural communities and people with alcohol-related problems are more likely to seek assistance at social service offices providing low threshold intervention services than from the specialist treatment sector. Conclusions The study provides evidence that social services are a point of entry and intervention for people from underserved communities in the Western Cape. If these low-threshold services can be supported to provide good quality services, they may be an effective and efficient way of improving access to treatment in a context of limited service availability. PMID:22642796

Boundary layers in centrifugal compressors. [application of boundary layer theory to compressor design

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Dean, R. C., Jr.

1974-01-01

The utility of boundary-layer theory in the design of centrifugal compressors is demonstrated. Boundary-layer development in the diffuser entry region is shown to be important to stage efficiency. The result of an earnest attempt to analyze this boundary layer with the best tools available is displayed. Acceptable prediction accuracy was not achieved. The inaccuracy of boundary-layer analysis in this case would result in stage efficiency prediction as much as four points low. Fluid dynamic reasons for analysis failure are discussed with support from flow data. Empirical correlations used today to circumnavigate the weakness of the theory are illustrated.

[Helminth migration in the host].

PubMed

Horák, Petr

2006-08-01

Helminths belong to important human pathogens in tropical and subtropical countries. They have simple one-host life cycles or they use several hosts for their development. There are two main entry points for human helminths: the skin and the oral cavity. Skin penetration is followed by tissue migration of helminth stages towards target organs. Also some perorally acquired helminths migrate throughout the human body and then (a) they return to and mature in the intestine or (b) they search for specific final location in other (extraintestinal) tissues/organs. Particular developmental stages having different migration routes, and different roles of human beings as final, intermediate and paratenic hosts are briefly mentioned.

The interaction of oblique shocks in a shock layer in hypersonic flow

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Baird, John P.; Thomas, J.; Joe, W. S.

1990-07-01

A new generation of spacecraft is currently being designed. Some of the proposed concepts involve the use of air breathing engines during part of the earth to orbit flight phase. In the case of the HOTOL concept studies, the engine intakes will be covered for the re-entry phase, and will protrude through the windward surface shock layer during re-entry. An understanding of the complex flow which will occur over the closed intakes during the hypersonic re-entry is important for at least two reasons. Firstly, the heat transfer on the surfaces has to be estimated to allow for suitable intake cover design. Secondly, the wake of the intakes interacts with the underside of the wings and control surfaces, and could possibly cause handling anomalies. The present paper describes a study in which a simplified model involving a double wedge mounted on a flat plate at incidence (Fig. 1) was tested in the Free Piston Shock Tunnel T3 at the Australian National University. Heat transfer measurements and shock luminosity photographs were recorded at two operating conditions, one with a stagnation enthalpy of 22 MJ/kg and the other with 2.8 MJ/kg. A flow analysis which identified a number of significantly different flow regimes was also performed. Heat transfer measurements indicate that heating rates well in excess of those expected at the stagnation point on the nose of the spacecraft can be expected. The results also highlighted a compromise which is a necessary feature of this type of design. The compromise involves a trade off between intake efficiency during the air breathing phase of operation and the reduction of heat transfer during the re-entry phase.

Education review: applied medical informatics--informatics in medical education.

PubMed

Naeymi-Rad, F; Trace, D; Moidu, K; Carmony, L; Booden, T

1994-05-01

The importance of informatics training within a health sciences program is well recognized and is being implemented on an increasing scale. At Chicago Medical School (CMS), the Informatics program incorporates information technology at every stage of medical education. First-year students are offered an elective in computer topics that concentrate on basic computer literacy. Second-year students learn information management such as entry and information retrieval skills. For example, during the Introduction to Clinical Medicine course, the student is exposed to the Intelligent Medical Record-Entry (IMR-E), allowing the student to enter and organize information gathered from patient encounters. In the third year, students in the Internal Medicine rotation at Norwalk Hospital use Macintosh power books to enter and manage their patients. Patient data gathered by the student are stored in a local server in Norwalk Hospital. In the final year, we teach students the role of informatics in clinical decision making. The present senior class at CMS has been exposed to the power of medical informatics tools for several years. The use of these informatics tools at the point of care is stressed.

Development of Small-molecule HIV Entry Inhibitors Specifically Targeting gp120 or gp41

PubMed Central

Lu, Lu; Yu, Fei; Cai, Lifeng; Debnath, Asim K.; Jiang, Shibo

2015-01-01

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) envelope (Env) glycoprotein surface subunit gp120 and transmembrane subunit gp41 play important roles in HIV-1 entry, thus serving as key targets for the development of HIV-1 entry inhibitors. T20 peptide (enfuvirtide) is the first U.S. FDA-approved HIV entry inhibitor; however, its clinical application is limited by the lack of oral availability. Here, we have described the structure and function of the HIV-1 gp120 and gp41 subunits and reviewed advancements in the development of small-molecule HIV entry inhibitors specifically targeting these two Env glycoproteins. We then compared the advantages and disadvantages of different categories of HIV entry inhibitor candidates and further predicted the future trend of HIV entry inhibitor development. PMID:26324044

Trajectory optimization study of a lifting body re-entry vehicle for medium to intermediate range applications

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rizvi, S. Tauqeer ul Islam; Linshu, He; ur Rehman, Tawfiq; Rafique, Amer Farhan

2012-11-01

A numerical optimization study of lifting body re-entry vehicles is presented for nominal as well as shallow entry conditions for Medium and Intermediate Range applications. Due to the stringent requirement of a high degree of accuracy for conventional vehicles, lifting re-entry can be used to attain the impact at the desired terminal flight path angle and speed and thus can potentially improve accuracy of the re-entry vehicle. The re-entry of a medium range and intermediate range vehicles is characterized by very high negative flight path angle and low re-entry speed as compared to a maneuverable re-entry vehicle or a common aero vehicle intended for an intercontinental range. Highly negative flight path angles at the re-entry impose high dynamic pressure as well as heat loads on the vehicle. The trajectory studies are carried out to maximize the cross range of the re-entry vehicle while imposing a maximum dynamic pressure constraint of 350 KPa with a 3 MW/m2 heat rate limit. The maximum normal acceleration and the total heat load experienced by the vehicle at the stagnation point during the maneuver have been computed for the vehicle for possible future conceptual design studies. It has been found that cross range capability of up to 35 km can be achieved with a lifting-body design within the heat rate and the dynamic pressure boundary at normal entry conditions. For shallow entry angle of -20 degree and intermediate ranges a cross range capability of up to 250 km can be attained for a lifting body design with less than 10 percent loss in overall range. The normal acceleration also remains within limits. The lifting-body results have also been compared with wing-body results at shallow entry condition. An hp-adaptive pseudo-spectral method has been used for constrained trajectory optimization.

De Novo Herpes Simplex Virus VP16 Expression Gates a Dynamic Programmatic Transition and Sets the Latent/Lytic Balance during Acute Infection in Trigeminal Ganglia.

PubMed

Sawtell, Nancy M; Thompson, Richard L

2016-09-01

The life long relationship between herpes simplex virus and its host hinges on the ability of the virus to aggressively replicate in epithelial cells at the site of infection and transport into the nervous system through axons innervating the infection site. Interaction between the virus and the sensory neuron represents a pivot point where largely unknown mechanisms lead to a latent or a lytic infection in the neuron. Regulation at this pivot point is critical for balancing two objectives, efficient widespread seeding of the nervous system and host survival. By combining genetic and in vivo in approaches, our studies reveal that the balance between latent and lytic programs is a process occurring early in the trigeminal ganglion. Unexpectedly, activation of the latent program precedes entry into the lytic program by 12 -14hrs. Importantly, at the individual neuronal level, the lytic program begins as a transition out of this acute stage latent program and this escape from the default latent program is regulated by de novo VP16 expression. Our findings support a model in which regulated de novo VP16 expression in the neuron mediates entry into the lytic cycle during the earliest stages of virus infection in vivo. These findings support the hypothesis that the loose association of VP16 with the viral tegument combined with sensory axon length and transport mechanisms serve to limit arrival of virion associated VP16 into neuronal nuclei favoring latency. Further, our findings point to specialized features of the VP16 promoter that control the de novo expression of VP16 in neurons and this regulation is a key component in setting the balance between lytic and latent infections in the nervous system.

De Novo Herpes Simplex Virus VP16 Expression Gates a Dynamic Programmatic Transition and Sets the Latent/Lytic Balance during Acute Infection in Trigeminal Ganglia

PubMed Central

Sawtell, Nancy M.; Thompson, Richard L.

2016-01-01

The life long relationship between herpes simplex virus and its host hinges on the ability of the virus to aggressively replicate in epithelial cells at the site of infection and transport into the nervous system through axons innervating the infection site. Interaction between the virus and the sensory neuron represents a pivot point where largely unknown mechanisms lead to a latent or a lytic infection in the neuron. Regulation at this pivot point is critical for balancing two objectives, efficient widespread seeding of the nervous system and host survival. By combining genetic and in vivo in approaches, our studies reveal that the balance between latent and lytic programs is a process occurring early in the trigeminal ganglion. Unexpectedly, activation of the latent program precedes entry into the lytic program by 12 -14hrs. Importantly, at the individual neuronal level, the lytic program begins as a transition out of this acute stage latent program and this escape from the default latent program is regulated by de novo VP16 expression. Our findings support a model in which regulated de novo VP16 expression in the neuron mediates entry into the lytic cycle during the earliest stages of virus infection in vivo. These findings support the hypothesis that the loose association of VP16 with the viral tegument combined with sensory axon length and transport mechanisms serve to limit arrival of virion associated VP16 into neuronal nuclei favoring latency. Further, our findings point to specialized features of the VP16 promoter that control the de novo expression of VP16 in neurons and this regulation is a key component in setting the balance between lytic and latent infections in the nervous system. PMID:27607440

7 CFR 6.22 - Requirement for a license.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... obtained prior to entry, and the importer of record (or a broker or agent acting on its behalf) shall... documentation identifying the article, quantity to be imported, its location, intended use, an entry number and... article be destroyed or re-exported after such use; or (4) Such person pays the applicable over-quota rate...

7 CFR 6.22 - Requirement for a license.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... obtained prior to entry, and the importer of record (or a broker or agent acting on its behalf) shall... documentation identifying the article, quantity to be imported, its location, intended use, an entry number and... article be destroyed or re-exported after such use; or (4) Such person pays the applicable over-quota rate...

7 CFR 6.22 - Requirement for a license.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... obtained prior to entry, and the importer of record (or a broker or agent acting on its behalf) shall... documentation identifying the article, quantity to be imported, its location, intended use, an entry number and... article be destroyed or re-exported after such use; or (4) Such person pays the applicable over-quota rate...

7 CFR 6.22 - Requirement for a license.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... obtained prior to entry, and the importer of record (or a broker or agent acting on its behalf) shall... documentation identifying the article, quantity to be imported, its location, intended use, an entry number and... article be destroyed or re-exported after such use; or (4) Such person pays the applicable over-quota rate...

7 CFR 6.22 - Requirement for a license.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... obtained prior to entry, and the importer of record (or a broker or agent acting on its behalf) shall... documentation identifying the article, quantity to be imported, its location, intended use, an entry number and... article be destroyed or re-exported after such use; or (4) Such person pays the applicable over-quota rate...

9 CFR 93.314 - Horses, certification, and accompanying equipment.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

.... (c) Following the port-of-entry inspection required by § 93.306 of this part, and before a horse offered for importation from any part of the world is released from the port of entry, an inspector may..., certification, and accompanying equipment. (a) Horses offered for importation from any part of the world shall...

9 CFR 381.198 - Importer to make application for inspection of poultry products offered for entry.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... MEAT AND POULTRY PRODUCTS INSPECTION AND VOLUNTARY INSPECTION AND CERTIFICATION POULTRY PRODUCTS... 9 Animals and Animal Products 2 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Importer to make application for inspection of poultry products offered for entry. 381.198 Section 381.198 Animals and Animal Products FOOD...

Method for data compression by associating complex numbers with files of data values

DOEpatents

Feo, J.T.; Hanks, D.C.; Kraay, T.A.

1998-02-10

A method for compressing data for storage or transmission is disclosed. Given a complex polynomial and a value assigned to each root, a root generated data file (RGDF) is created, one entry at a time. Each entry is mapped to a point in a complex plane. An iterative root finding technique is used to map the coordinates of the point to the coordinates of one of the roots of the polynomial. The value associated with that root is assigned to the entry. An equational data compression (EDC) method reverses this procedure. Given a target data file, the EDC method uses a search algorithm to calculate a set of m complex numbers and a value map that will generate the target data file. The error between a simple target data file and generated data file is typically less than 10%. Data files can be transmitted or stored without loss by transmitting the m complex numbers, their associated values, and an error file whose size is at most one-tenth of the size of the input data file. 4 figs.

Method for data compression by associating complex numbers with files of data values

DOEpatents

Feo, John Thomas; Hanks, David Carlton; Kraay, Thomas Arthur

1998-02-10

A method for compressing data for storage or transmission. Given a complex polynomial and a value assigned to each root, a root generated data file (RGDF) is created, one entry at a time. Each entry is mapped to a point in a complex plane. An iterative root finding technique is used to map the coordinates of the point to the coordinates of one of the roots of the polynomial. The value associated with that root is assigned to the entry. An equational data compression (EDC) method reverses this procedure. Given a target data file, the EDC method uses a search algorithm to calculate a set of m complex numbers and a value map that will generate the target data file. The error between a simple target data file and generated data file is typically less than 10%. Data files can be transmitted or stored without loss by transmitting the m complex numbers, their associated values, and an error file whose size is at most one-tenth of the size of the input data file.

Comparison of viscous-shock-layer solutions by time-asymptotic and steady-state methods. [flow distribution around a Jupiter entry probe

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Gupta, R. N.; Moss, J. N.; Simmonds, A. L.

1982-01-01

Two flow-field codes employing the time- and space-marching numerical techniques were evaluated. Both methods were used to analyze the flow field around a massively blown Jupiter entry probe under perfect-gas conditions. In order to obtain a direct point-by-point comparison, the computations were made by using identical grids and turbulence models. For the same degree of accuracy, the space-marching scheme takes much less time as compared to the time-marching method and would appear to provide accurate results for the problems with nonequilibrium chemistry, free from the effect of local differences in time on the final solution which is inherent in time-marching methods. With the time-marching method, however, the solutions are obtainable for the realistic entry probe shapes with massive or uniform surface blowing rates; whereas, with the space-marching technique, it is difficult to obtain converged solutions for such flow conditions. The choice of the numerical method is, therefore, problem dependent. Both methods give equally good results for the cases where results are compared with experimental data.

Cardiolipin Fatty Acid Remodeling Regulates Mitochondrial Function by Modifying the Electron Entry Point in the Respiratory Chain

PubMed Central

Vergeade, Aurelia; Bertram, Clinton C.; Bikineyeva, Alfiya T.; Zackert, William E.; Zinkel, Sandra S.; May, James M.; Dikalov, Sergey I.; Roberts, L. Jackson; Boutaud, Olivier

2016-01-01

Modifications of cardiolipin (CL) levels or compositions are associated with changes in mitochondrial function in a wide range of pathologies. We have made the discovery that acetaminophen remodels CL fatty acids composition from tetralinoleoyl to linoleoyltrioleoyl-CL, a remodeling that is associated with decreased mitochondrial respiration. Our data show that CL remodeling causes a shift in electron entry from complex II to the β-oxidation electron transfer flavoprotein quinone oxidoreductase (ETF/QOR) pathway. These data demonstrate that electron entry in the respiratory chain is regulated by CL fatty acid composition and provide proof-of-concept that pharmacological intervention can be used to modify CL composition. PMID:27085476

Food-safety educational goals for dietetics and hospitality students.

PubMed

Scheule, B

2000-08-01

To identify food-safety educational goals for dietetics and hospitality management students. Written questionnaires were used to identify educational goals and the most important food safety competencies for entry-level dietitians and foodservice managers. The sample included all directors of didactic programs in dietetics approved by the American Dietetic Association and baccalaureate-degree hospitality programs with membership in the Council on Hotel, Restaurant, and Institutional Education. Fifty-one percent of the directors responded. Descriptive statistics were calculated. chi 2 analysis and independent t tests were used to compare educators' responses for discrete and continuous variables, respectively. Exploratory factor analysis grouped statements about food safety competence. Internal consistency of factors was measured using Cronbach alpha. Thirty-four percent of dietetics programs and 70% of hospitality programs required or offered food safety certification. Dietetics educators reported multiple courses with food safety information, whereas hospitality educators identified 1 or 2 courses. In general, the educators rated food-safety competencies as very important or essential. Concepts related to Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points (HAACP), irradiation, and pasteurization were rated less highly, compared with other items. Competencies related to reasons for outbreaks of foodborne illness were rated as most important. Food safety certification of dietitians and an increased emphasis on HAACP at the undergraduate level or during the practice component are suggested. Research is recommended to assess the level of food-safety competence expected by employers of entry-level dietitians and foodservice managers.

Mars Science Laboratory Frame Manager for Centralized Frame Tree Database and Target Pointing

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Kim, Won S.; Leger, Chris; Peters, Stephen; Carsten, Joseph; Diaz-Calderon, Antonio

2013-01-01

The FM (Frame Manager) flight software module is responsible for maintaining the frame tree database containing coordinate transforms between frames. The frame tree is a proper tree structure of directed links, consisting of surface and rover subtrees. Actual frame transforms are updated by their owner. FM updates site and saved frames for the surface tree. As the rover drives to a new area, a new site frame with an incremented site index can be created. Several clients including ARM and RSM (Remote Sensing Mast) update their related rover frames that they own. Through the onboard centralized FM frame tree database, client modules can query transforms between any two frames. Important applications include target image pointing for RSM-mounted cameras and frame-referenced arm moves. The use of frame tree eliminates cumbersome, error-prone calculations of coordinate entries for commands and thus simplifies flight operations significantly.

Equilibrium radiative heating tables for aerobraking in the Martian atmosphere

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hartung, Lin C.; Sutton, Kenneth; Brauns, Frank

1990-05-01

Studies currently underway for Mars missions often envision the use of aerobraking for orbital capture at Mars. These missions generally involve blunt-nosed vehicles to dissipate the excess energy of the interplanetary transfer. Radiative heating may be of importance in these blunt-body flows because of the highly energetic shock layer around the blunt nose. In addition, the Martian atmosphere contains CO2, whose dissociation products are known to include strong radiators. An inviscid, equilibrium, stagnation point, radiation-coupled flow-field code has been developed for investigating blunt-body atmospheric entry. The method has been compared with ground-based and flight data for air, and reasonable agreement has been found. In the present work, the method was applied to a matrix of conditions in the Martian atmosphere. These conditions encompass most trajectories of interest for Mars exploration spacecraft. The predicted equilibrium radiative heating to the stagnation point of the vehicle is presented.

Malnutrition and disability: unexplored opportunities for collaboration

PubMed Central

Groce, N; Challenger, E; Berman-Bieler, R; Farkas, A; Yilmaz, N; Schultink, W; Clark, D; Kaplan, C; Kerac, M

2014-01-01

There is increasing international interest in the links between malnutrition and disability: both are major global public health problems, both are key human rights concerns, and both are currently prominent within the global health agenda. In this review, interactions between the two fields are explored and it is argued that strengthening links would lead to important mutual benefits and synergies. At numerous points throughout the life-cycle, malnutrition can cause or contribute to an individual’s physical, sensory, intellectual or mental health disability. By working more closely together, these problems can be transformed into opportunities: nutrition services and programmes for children and adults can act as entry points to address and, in some cases, avoid or mitigate disability; disability programmes can improve nutrition for the children and adults they serve. For this to happen, however, political commitment and resources are needed, as are better data. PMID:25309998

Equilibrium radiative heating tables for aerobraking in the Martian atmosphere

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hartung, Lin C.; Sutton, Kenneth; Brauns, Frank

1990-01-01

Studies currently underway for Mars missions often envision the use of aerobraking for orbital capture at Mars. These missions generally involve blunt-nosed vehicles to dissipate the excess energy of the interplanetary transfer. Radiative heating may be of importance in these blunt-body flows because of the highly energetic shock layer around the blunt nose. In addition, the Martian atmosphere contains CO2, whose dissociation products are known to include strong radiators. An inviscid, equilibrium, stagnation point, radiation-coupled flow-field code has been developed for investigating blunt-body atmospheric entry. The method has been compared with ground-based and flight data for air, and reasonable agreement has been found. In the present work, the method was applied to a matrix of conditions in the Martian atmosphere. These conditions encompass most trajectories of interest for Mars exploration spacecraft. The predicted equilibrium radiative heating to the stagnation point of the vehicle is presented.

Command generator tracker based direct model reference adaptive tracking guidance for Mars atmospheric entry

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Li, Shuang; Peng, Yuming

2012-01-01

In order to accurately deliver an entry vehicle through the Martian atmosphere to the prescribed parachute deployment point, active Mars entry guidance is essential. This paper addresses the issue of Mars atmospheric entry guidance using the command generator tracker (CGT) based direct model reference adaptive control to reduce the adverse effect of the bounded uncertainties on atmospheric density and aerodynamic coefficients. Firstly, the nominal drag acceleration profile meeting a variety of constraints is planned off-line in the longitudinal plane as the reference model to track. Then, the CGT based direct model reference adaptive controller and the feed-forward compensator are designed to robustly track the aforementioned reference drag acceleration profile and to effectively reduce the downrange error. Afterwards, the heading alignment logic is adopted in the lateral plane to reduce the crossrange error. Finally, the validity of the guidance algorithm proposed in this paper is confirmed by Monte Carlo simulation analysis.

Splitting of the Proximal Femur With a New Femoral Nail

DTIC Science & Technology

2010-04-01

should be exercised with the use of new implants that require a change in customary technique. In addition, some concern must be raised by the amount of...the potential for gluteus medius tendon injury,8 whereas other authors have found greater soft-tissue injury by inserting a nail through the...Entry Femoral Nail (Synthes USA, Paoli, PA) moved the entry point further lateral (10 degrees) and distal to completely avoid the gluteus medius tendon

Effect of A-Level Subject Choice and Entry Tariff on Final Degree and Level 1 Performance in Biosciences

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

King, Nicola C.; Aves, Stephen J.

2012-01-01

Following the publication of the higher education white paper increasing entry tariff and widening participation have become even more important issues for universities. This report examines the relationship between entry tariff and undergraduate achievement in Biosciences at the University of Exeter. We show that, whilst there is a significant…

9 CFR 381.208 - Poultry products offered for entry and entered to be handled and transported as domestic; entry...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... INSPECTION AND CERTIFICATION POULTRY PRODUCTS INSPECTION REGULATIONS Imported Poultry Products § 381.208... 9 Animals and Animal Products 2 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Poultry products offered for entry and....208 Section 381.208 Animals and Animal Products FOOD SAFETY AND INSPECTION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF...

9 CFR 381.203 - Products offered for entry; charges for storage, cartage, and labor with respect to products...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... CERTIFICATION POULTRY PRODUCTS INSPECTION REGULATIONS Imported Poultry Products § 381.203 Products offered for... 9 Animals and Animal Products 2 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Products offered for entry; charges for storage, cartage, and labor with respect to products which are refused entry. 381.203 Section 381...

19 CFR 12.145 - Entry or admission of certain steel products.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 19 Customs Duties 1 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Entry or admission of certain steel products. 12...; DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY SPECIAL CLASSES OF MERCHANDISE Steel Products § 12.145 Entry or admission of certain steel products. In any case in which a steel import license number is required to be obtained...

19 CFR 12.145 - Entry or admission of certain steel products.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 19 Customs Duties 1 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Entry or admission of certain steel products. 12...; DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY SPECIAL CLASSES OF MERCHANDISE Steel Products § 12.145 Entry or admission of certain steel products. In any case in which a steel import license number is required to be obtained...

19 CFR 12.145 - Entry or admission of certain steel products.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 19 Customs Duties 1 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Entry or admission of certain steel products. 12...; DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY SPECIAL CLASSES OF MERCHANDISE Steel Products § 12.145 Entry or admission of certain steel products. In any case in which a steel import license number is required to be obtained...

19 CFR 12.145 - Entry or admission of certain steel products.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 19 Customs Duties 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Entry or admission of certain steel products. 12...; DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY SPECIAL CLASSES OF MERCHANDISE Steel Products § 12.145 Entry or admission of certain steel products. In any case in which a steel import license number is required to be obtained...

19 CFR 12.145 - Entry or admission of certain steel products.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 19 Customs Duties 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Entry or admission of certain steel products. 12...; DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY SPECIAL CLASSES OF MERCHANDISE Steel Products § 12.145 Entry or admission of certain steel products. In any case in which a steel import license number is required to be obtained...

A COST EVALUATION OF SMALL SYSTEM COMPLIANCE OPTIONS: POU AND POE TREATMENT UNITS

EPA Science Inventory

The challenges facing small drinking water systems were a major focus of the 1996 Amendments to the Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA). One way Congress sought to help systems meet these challenges was by explicitly allowing systems to install point-of-use (POU) and point-of-entry (P...

Tailoring Retention Theories to Meet the Needs of Rural Appalachian Community College Students

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hlinka, Karen R.

2017-01-01

Objective: Traditional-age students attending a rural community college in Kentucky's Appalachian region were interviewed, along with faculty members and administrators, to identify phenomena serving as sources of encouragement or as barriers to retention from the point of entry to the point of transfer. Method: Students' perspectives were…

ESA Venus Entry Probe Study

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

vandenBerg, M. L.; Falkner, P.; Phipps, A.; Underwood, J. C.; Lingard, J. S.; Moorhouse, J.; Kraft, S.; Peacock, A.

2005-01-01

The Venus Entry Probe is one of ESA s Technology Reference Studies (TRS). The purpose of the Technology Reference Studies is to provide a focus for the development of strategically important technologies that are of likely relevance for future scientific missions. The aim of the Venus Entry Probe TRS is to study approaches for low cost in-situ exploration of Venus and other planetary bodies with a significant atmosphere. In this paper, the mission objectives and an outline of the mission concept of the Venus Entry Probe TRS are presented.

Transition Effects on Heating in the Wake of a Blunt Body

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hollis, Brian R.; Perkins, John N.

1997-01-01

A series of aerodynamic heating tests was conducted on a 70-deg sphere-cone planetary entry vehicle model in a Mach 10 perfect-gas wind tunnel at freestream Reynolds numbers based on diameter of 8.23x104 to 3.15x105. Surface heating distributions were determined from temperature time-histories measured on the model and on its support sting using thin-film resistance gages. The experimental heating data were compared to computations made using an axisymmetric/2D, laminar, perfect-gas Navier-Stokes solver. Agreement between computational and experimental heating distributions to within, or slightly greater than, the experimental uncertainty was obtained on the forebody and afterbody of the entry vehicle as well as on the sting upstream of the free-shear-layer reattachment point. However, the distributions began to diverge near the reattachment point, with the experimental heating becoming increasingly greater than the computed heating with distance downstream from the reattachment point. It was concluded that this divergence was due to transition of the wake free shear layer just upstream of the reattachment point on the sting.

Communications Blackout Predictions for Atmospheric Entry of Mars Science Laboratory

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Morabito, David D.; Edquist, Karl

2005-01-01

The Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) is expected to be a long-range, long-duration science laboratory rover on the Martian surface. MSL will provide a significant milestone that paves the way for future landed missions to Mars. NASA is studying options to launch MSL as early as 2009. MSL will be the first mission to demonstrate the new technology of 'smart landers', which include precision landing and hazard avoidance in order to -land at scientifically interesting sites that would otherwise be unreachable. There are three elements to the spacecraft; carrier (cruise stage), entry vehicle, and rover. The rover will have an X-band direct-to-Earth (DTE) link as well as a UHF proximity link. There is also a possibility of an X-band proximity link. Given the importance of collecting critical event telemetry data during atmospheric entry, it is important to understand the ability of a signal link to be maintained, especially during the period near peak convective heating. The received telemetry during entry (or played back later) will allow for the performance of the Entry-Descent-Landing technologies to be assessed. These technologies include guided entry for precision landing, hazard avoidance, a new sky-crane landing system and powered descent. MSL will undergo an entry profile that may result in a potential communications blackout caused by ionized plasma for short periods near peak heating. The vehicle will use UHF and possibly X-band during the entry phase. The purpose of this report is to quantify or bound the likelihood of any such blackout at UHF frequencies (401 MHz) and X-band frequencies (8.4 GHz). Two entry trajectory scenarios were evaluated: a stressful entry trajectory to quantify an upper-bound for any possible blackout period, and a nominal likely trajectory to quantify likelihood of blackout for such cases.

Student Moon Observations and Spatial-Scientific Reasoning

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Cole, Merryn; Wilhelm, Jennifer; Yang, Hongwei

2015-07-01

Relationships between sixth grade students' moon journaling and students' spatial-scientific reasoning after implementation of an Earth/Space unit were examined. Teachers used the project-based Realistic Explorations in Astronomical Learning curriculum. We used a regression model to analyze the relationship between the students' Lunar Phases Concept Inventory (LPCI) post-test score variables and several predictors, including moon journal score, number of moon journal entries, student gender, teacher experience, and pre-test score. The model shows that students who performed better on moon journals, both in terms of overall score and number of entries, tended to score higher on the LPCI. For every 1 point increase in the overall moon journal score, participants scored 0.18 points (out of 20) or nearly 1% point higher on the LPCI post-test when holding constant the effects of the other two predictors. Similarly, students who increased their scores by 1 point in the overall moon journal score scored approximately 1% higher in the Periodic Patterns (PP) and Geometric Spatial Visualization (GSV) domains of the LPCI. Also, student gender and teacher experience were shown to be significant predictors of post-GSV scores on the LPCI in addition to the pre-test scores, overall moon journal score, and number of entries that were also significant predictors on the LPCI overall score and the PP domain. This study is unique in the purposeful link created between student moon observations and spatial skills. The use of moon journals distinguishes this study further by fostering scientific observation along with skills from across science, technology, engineering, and mathematics disciplines.

Natural Resource Management Schemes as Entry Points for Integrated Landscape Approaches: Evidence from Ghana and Burkina Faso.

PubMed

Foli, Samson; Ros-Tonen, Mirjam A F; Reed, James; Sunderland, Terry

2018-07-01

In recognition of the failures of sectoral approaches to overcome global challenges of biodiversity loss, climate change, food insecurity and poverty, scientific discourse on biodiversity conservation and sustainable development is shifting towards integrated landscape governance arrangements. Current landscape initiatives however very much depend on external actors and funding, raising the question of whether, and how, and under what conditions, locally embedded resource management schemes can serve as entry points for the implementation of integrated landscape approaches. This paper assesses the entry point potential for three established natural resource management schemes in West Africa that target landscape degradation with involvement of local communities: the Chantier d'Aménagement Forestier scheme encompassing forest management sites across Burkina Faso and the Modified Taungya System and community wildlife resource management initiatives in Ghana. Based on a review of the current literature, we analyze the extent to which design principles that define a landscape approach apply to these schemes. We found that the CREMA meets most of the desired criteria, but that its scale may be too limited to guarantee effective landscape governance, hence requiring upscaling. Conversely, the other two initiatives are strongly lacking in their design principles on fundamental components regarding integrated approaches, continual learning, and capacity building. Monitoring and evaluation bodies and participatory learning and negotiation platforms could enhance the schemes' alignment with integrated landscape approaches.

Using water and sanitation as an entry point to fight poverty and respond to HIV/AIDS: The case of Isulabasha Small Medium Enterprise

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Manase, G.; Nkuna, Z.; Ngorima, E.

South Africa is faced by a number of challenges that include low water and sanitation coverage in rural and peri-urban areas, high unemployment and increasing inequality between the rich and the poor as indicated by a Gini coefficient of 0.77; the second highest inequality in the world after Brazil. The situation is compounded by high HIV prevalence with South Africa having the largest HIV infection in the world. This case study demonstrates how water and sanitation is used as an entry point to address these major challenges and to empower communities. The project has two main components: the Small Medium Enterprise (SME) that trades in water and sanitation facilities and a community garden that ensures food security and nutrition for people living with HIV/AIDS. Income generated through these activities is ploughed back into the community through construction of sanitation facilities, maintenance of water pipes and paying school fees for orphans. In addition to creating employment, the project has also empowered the community to mobilise and address other challenges such as gender, child abuse and crime. The case study identifies weaknesses with projects designed solely to provide domestic drinking water and sanitation and calls for an integrated approach that uses water and sanitation as an entry point to unlock opportunities and empower the targeted communities.

Accuracy Evaluation of a Stereolithographic Surgical Template for Dental Implant Insertion Using 3D Superimposition Protocol.

PubMed

Cristache, Corina Marilena; Gurbanescu, Silviu

2017-01-01

of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of a stereolithographic template, with sleeve structure incorporated into the design, for computer-guided dental implant insertion in partially edentulous patients. Sixty-five implants were placed in twenty-five consecutive patients with a stereolithographic surgical template. After surgery, digital impression was taken and 3D inaccuracy of implants position at entry point, apex, and angle deviation was measured using an inspection tool software. Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare accuracy between maxillary and mandibular surgical guides. A p value < .05 was considered significant. Mean (and standard deviation) of 3D error at the entry point was 0.798 mm (±0.52), at the implant apex it was 1.17 mm (±0.63), and mean angular deviation was 2.34 (±0.85). A statistically significant reduced 3D error was observed at entry point p = .037, at implant apex p = .008, and also in angular deviation p = .030 in mandible when comparing to maxilla. The surgical template used has proved high accuracy for implant insertion. Within the limitations of the present study, the protocol for comparing a digital file (treatment plan) with postinsertion digital impression may be considered a useful procedure for assessing surgical template accuracy, avoiding radiation exposure, during postoperative CBCT scanning.

Detection of a new luteovirus in imported nectarine trees: A case study to propose adoption of metagenomics in post-entry quarantine

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

In spring 2013, nectarine (Prunus persica) trees produced from budwood, imported from France, after post-entry quarantine clearance, grafted onto Nemaguard seedlings were found not growing vigorously in a propagation block in California. Examination of the canopy failed to reveal any obvious sympto...

Detection of a new luteovirus in imported nectarine Trees: A case study to propose adoption of metagenomics in post-entry quarantine

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

In spring 2013, five year-old nectarine (Prunus persica) trees, grafted on peach rootstock Nemaguard, were found stunted in a propagation block in California. These trees had been propagated from budwood of three nectarine cultivars imported from France and cleared through the post-entry quarantine ...

50 CFR 300.114 - Dealer permits and preapproval.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... receipt, importation, or re-export. Dealers must supply the U.S. Customs 7501 entry number at least three...) General. (1) A dealer intending to import or re-export AMLR must obtain an AMLR dealer permit valid for... preapproval issued under § 300.114(a)(1). AMLRs may not be released for entry into the United States unless...

50 CFR 300.114 - Dealer permits and preapproval.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... receipt, importation, or re-export. Dealers must supply the U.S. Customs 7501 entry number at least three...) General. (1) A dealer intending to import or re-export AMLR must obtain an AMLR dealer permit valid for... preapproval issued under § 300.114(a)(1). AMLRs may not be released for entry into the United States unless...

50 CFR 300.114 - Dealer permits and preapproval.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... receipt, importation, or re-export. Dealers must supply the U.S. Customs 7501 entry number at least three...) General. (1) A dealer intending to import or re-export AMLR must obtain an AMLR dealer permit valid for... preapproval issued under § 300.114(a)(1). AMLRs may not be released for entry into the United States unless...

50 CFR 300.114 - Dealer permits and preapproval.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... receipt, importation, or re-export. Dealers must supply the U.S. Customs 7501 entry number at least three...) General. (1) A dealer intending to import or re-export AMLR must obtain an AMLR dealer permit valid for... preapproval issued under § 300.114(a)(1). AMLRs may not be released for entry into the United States unless...

50 CFR 300.114 - Dealer permits and preapproval.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... receipt, importation, or re-export. Dealers must supply the U.S. Customs 7501 entry number at least three...) General. (1) A dealer intending to import or re-export AMLR must obtain an AMLR dealer permit valid for... preapproval issued under § 300.114(a)(1). AMLRs may not be released for entry into the United States unless...

Study Results on Knowledge Requirements for Entry-Level Airport Operations and Management Personnel

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Quilty, Stephen M.

2005-01-01

This paper identifies important topical knowledge areas required of individuals employed in airport operations and management positions. A total of 116 airport managers and airfield operations personnel responded to a survey that sought to identify the importance of various subject matter for entry level airport operations personnel. The results from this study add to the body of research on aviation management curriculum development and can be used to better develop university curriculum and supplemental training focused on airport management and operations. Recommendations are made for specialized airport courses within aviation management programs. Further, this study identifies for job seekers or individuals employed in entry level positions those knowledge requirements deemed important by airport managers and operations personnel at different sized airports.

Pathways into prostitution among female jail detainees and their implications for mental health services.

PubMed

McClanahan, S F; McClelland, G M; Abram, K M; Teplin, L A

1999-12-01

To explore the service needs of women in jail, the authors examined three pathways into prostitution: childhood sexual victimization, running away, and drug use. Studies typically have explored only one or two of these pathways, and the relationships among the three points of entry remain unclear. Data on 1,142 female jail detainees were used to examine the effects of childhood sexual victimization, running away, and drug use on entry into prostitution and their differential effects over the life course. Two distinct pathways into prostitution were identified. Running away had a dramatic effect on entry into prostitution in early adolescence, but little effect later in the life course. Childhood sexual victimization, by contrast, nearly doubled the odds of entry into prostitution throughout the lives of women. Although the prevalence of drug use was significantly higher among prostitutes than among nonprostitutes, drug abuse did not explain entry into prostitution. Running away and childhood sexual victimization provide distinct pathways into prostitution. The findings suggest that women wishing to leave prostitution may benefit from different mental health service strategies depending on which pathway to prostitution they experienced.

Depletions of sulfur and/or zinc in IDPs: Are they reliable indicators of atmospheric entry heating?

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Flynn, G. J.; Sutton, S. R.; Bajt, S.; Kloeck, W.; Thomas, K. L.; Keller, L. P.

1993-01-01

The degree of heating of interplanetary dust particles (IDP's) on Earth atmospheric entry is important in distinguishing cometary particles from main-belt asteroidal particles. Depletions in the volatile elements S and Zn were proposed as chemical indicators of significant entry heating. The S and Zn contents of cosmic dust particles were correlated with physical indicators of atmospheric entry heating, such as the production of magnetite and the loss of solar wind implanted He. The results indicate that the Zn content of IDP's is a useful indicator of entry heating, but the S content seems to be less useful.

Access to natural resources on private property: factors beyond right of entry

Treesearch

Clare Ginger; Marla R. Emery; Michelle J. Baumflek; David E. Punam

2012-01-01

Discussions of access to natural resources on private lands in the United States often focus on property rights and ownership. In Maine, changing ownership of private forestland has been associated with increased posting against trespass. This raises concerns about the terms of physical entry to land for resource use. While the right of entry is an important component...

9 CFR 95.5 - Untanned hides and skins and bird trophies; requirements for entry.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 9 Animals and Animal Products 1 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Untanned hides and skins and bird... ENTRY INTO THE UNITED STATES § 95.5 Untanned hides and skins and bird trophies; requirements for entry. Untanned hides and skins and bird trophies1 may be imported into the United States if they meet the...

Herpesvirus Entry Mediator and Ocular Herpesvirus Infection: More than Meets the Eye

PubMed Central

Edwards, Rebecca G.

2017-01-01

ABSTRACT As its name suggests, the host receptor herpesvirus entry mediator (HVEM) facilitates herpes simplex virus (HSV) entry through interactions with a viral envelope glycoprotein. HVEM also bridges several signaling networks, binding ligands from both tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and immunoglobulin (Ig) superfamilies with diverse, and often opposing, outcomes. While HVEM was first identified as a viral entry receptor for HSV, it is only recently that HVEM has emerged as an important host factor in immunopathogenesis of ocular HSV type 1 (HSV-1) infection. Surprisingly, HVEM exacerbates disease development in the eye independently of entry. HVEM signaling has been shown to play a variety of roles in modulating immune responses to HSV and other pathogens, and there is increasing evidence that these effects are responsible for HVEM-mediated pathogenesis in the eye. Here, we review the dual branches of HVEM function during HSV infection: entry and immunomodulation. HVEM is broadly expressed; intersects two important immunologic signaling networks; and impacts autoimmunity, infection, and inflammation. We hope that by understanding the complex range of effects mediated by this receptor, we can offer insights applicable to a wide variety of disease states. PMID:28404853

Aero-thermo-dynamic analysis of a low ballistic coefficient deployable capsule in Earth re-entry

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zuppardi, G.; Savino, R.; Mongelluzzo, G.

2016-10-01

The paper deals with a microsatellite and the related deployable recovery capsule. The aero-brake is folded at launch and deployed in space and is able to perform a de-orbiting controlled re-entry. This kind of capsule, with a flexible, high temperature resistant fabric, thanks to its lightness and modulating capability, can be an alternative to the current ;conventional; recovery capsules. The present authors already analyzed the trajectory and the aerodynamic behavior of low ballistic coefficient capsules during Earth re-entry and Mars entry. In previous studies, aerodynamic longitudinal stability analysis and evaluation of thermal and aerodynamic loads for a possible suborbital re-entry demonstrator were carried out in both continuum and rarefied regimes. The present study is aimed at providing preliminary information about thermal and aerodynamic loads and longitudinal stability for a similar deployable capsule, as well as information about the electronic composition of the plasma sheet and its possible influence on radio communications at the altitudes where GPS black-out could occur. Since the computer tests were carried out at high altitudes, therefore in rarefied flow fields, use of Direct Simulation Monte Carlo codes was mandatory. The computations involved both global aerodynamic quantities (drag and longitudinal moment coefficients) and local aerodynamic quantities (heat flux and pressure distributions along the capsule surface). The results verified that the capsule at high altitude (150 km) is self-stabilizing; it is stable around the nominal attitude or at zero angle of attack and unstable around the reverse attitude or at 180° angle of attack. The analysis also pointed out the presence of extra statically stable equilibrium trim points.

On-Ground Casualty Risk Reduction by Structural Design for Demise

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lemmens, Stijn; Krag, Holger; Funke, Quirin

In recent years, awareness concerning the risk posed by un-controlled re-entering spacecraft on ground has increased. Some re-entry events such as ESA's GOCE in 2013 and NASA's UARS appeared prominent in international media. Space agencies and nations, in cooperation within the Inter-Agency Space Debris Coordination Committee (IADC), have established a requirements to limited the on-ground risk for future missions. To meet the requirements, the amount of debris falling back on Earth has to be limited in number, mass and size. Design for demise (D4D) refers to all measures taken in the design of a space object to increase the potential for demise of the object and its components during re-entry. SCARAB (Spacecraft Atmospheric Re-entry and Break-Up) is ESA's high-fidelity tool which analyses the thermal and structural effects of atmospheric re-entry on spacecraft in a finite-element approach. For this study, a model of a representative satellite is developed in Scarab to serve as test-bed for D4D analysis on a structural level. The model is used as starting point for different D4D approaches based on increasing the exposure of the satellite components to the aero-thermal environment, as a way to speed up the demise. Statistical bootstrapping is applied to the resulting on-ground fragment lists in order to compare the different re-entry scenarios and to determine the uncertainties of the results. Moreover, the bootstrap results can be used to analyse the casualty risk estimator from a theoretical point of view. The risk reductions for the analysed D4D techniques are presented w.r.t. the reference scenario for the modelled representative satellite.

Flutter Analysis of the Shuttle Tile Overlay Repair Concept

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Bey, Kim S.; Scott, Robert C.; Bartels, Robert E.; Waters, William A.; Chen, Roger

2007-01-01

The Space Shuttle tile overlay repair concept, developed at the NASA Johnson Space Center, is designed for on-orbit installation over an area of damaged tile to permit safe re-entry. The thin flexible plate is placed over the damaged area and secured to tile at discreet points around its perimeter. A series of flutter analyses were performed to determine if the onset of flutter met the required safety margins. Normal vibration modes of the panel, obtained from a simplified structural analysis of the installed concept, were combined with a series of aerodynamic analyses of increasing levels of fidelity in terms of modeling the flow physics to determine the onset of flutter. Results from these analyses indicate that it is unlikely that the overlay installed at body point 1800 will flutter during re-entry.

Investigating an Evolutionarily Conserved Role for the Tousled-like Kinase in Genome Stability and as a Novel Target for the Treatment of Ovarian Cancer

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-10-01

Approved OMB No. 0704-0188 Public reporting burden for this collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the...cleavage plane during cytokinesis (15). The anteroposterior (AP) axis of the one- cell embryo is determined at fertilization by the sperm entry point, which...demarcates the posterior pole of the embryo (16). Upon sperm entry, the anteriorly-localized maternal nucleus undergoes two meiotic divisions to

Optogenetic manipulation of anatomical re-entry by light-guided generation of a reversible local conduction block.

PubMed

Watanabe, Masaya; Feola, Iolanda; Majumder, Rupamanjari; Jangsangthong, Wanchana; Teplenin, Alexander S; Ypey, Dirk L; Schalij, Martin J; Zeppenfeld, Katja; de Vries, Antoine A F; Pijnappels, Daniël A

2017-03-01

Anatomical re-entry is an important mechanism of ventricular tachycardia, characterized by circular electrical propagation in a fixed pathway. It's current investigative and therapeutic approaches are non-biological, rather unspecific (drugs), traumatizing (electrical shocks), or irreversible (ablation). Optogenetics is a new biological technique that allows reversible modulation of electrical function with unmatched spatiotemporal precision using light-gated ion channels. We therefore investigated optogenetic manipulation of anatomical re-entry in ventricular cardiac tissue. Transverse, 150-μm-thick ventricular slices, obtained from neonatal rat hearts, were genetically modified with lentiviral vectors encoding Ca2+-translocating channelrhodopsin (CatCh), a light-gated depolarizing ion channel, or enhanced yellow fluorescent protein (eYFP) as control. Stable anatomical re-entry was induced in both experimental groups. Activation of CatCh was precisely controlled by 470-nm patterned illumination, while the effects on anatomical re-entry were studied by optical voltage mapping. Regional illumination in the pathway of anatomical re-entry resulted in termination of arrhythmic activity only in CatCh-expressing slices by establishing a local and reversible, depolarization-induced conduction block in the illuminated area. Systematic adjustment of the size of the light-exposed area in the re-entrant pathway revealed that re-entry could be terminated by either wave collision or extinction, depending on the depth (transmurality) of illumination. In silico studies implicated source-sink mismatches at the site of subtransmural conduction block as an important factor in re-entry termination. Anatomical re-entry in ventricular tissue can be manipulated by optogenetic induction of a local and reversible conduction block in the re-entrant pathway, allowing effective re-entry termination. These results provide distinctively new mechanistic insight into re-entry termination and a novel perspective for cardiac arrhythmia management. Published on behalf of the European Society of Cardiology. All rights reserved. © The Author 2017. For permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com.

Direct Comparison of a Tablet Computer and a Personal Digital Assistant for Point-of-Care Documentation in Eye Care

PubMed Central

Silvey, Garry M.; Macri, Jennifer M.; Lee, Paul P.; Lobach, David F.

2005-01-01

New mobile computing devices including personal digital assistants (PDAs) and tablet computers have emerged to facilitate data collection at the point of care. Unfortunately, little research has been reported regarding which device is optimal for a given care setting. In this study we created and compared functionally identical applications on a Palm operating system-based PDA and a Windows-based tablet computer for point-of-care documentation of clinical observations by eye care professionals when caring for patients with diabetes. Eye-care professionals compared the devices through focus group sessions and through validated usability surveys. We found that the application on the tablet computer was preferred over the PDA for documenting the complex data related to eye care. Our findings suggest that the selection of a mobile computing platform depends on the amount and complexity of the data to be entered; the tablet computer functions better for high volume, complex data entry, and the PDA, for low volume, simple data entry. PMID:16779128

Point-of-entry drinking-water treatment systems for Superfund applications

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Chambers, C.D.; Janszen, T.A.

1989-06-01

The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and State Superfund agencies need a technical manual to assist their personnel in the selection of an effective drinking-water treatment system for individual households in areas where the drinking water has been adversely affected by Superfund site contaminants and no other alternative water supply is available or feasible. Commercially available water treatment systems for individual households are of two basic types: point-of-use (POU) and point-of-entry (POE). A POU device consists of equipment applied to selected water taps to reduce contaminants at each tap. A POE device consists of equipment to reduce the contaminants inmore » the water distributed throughout the entire structure of a house. The study was initiated to collect monitoring, operation and maintenance, performance, and design data on existing Superfund POE water-treatment systems. Evaluation of the collected data showed that the existing data are not sufficient for the preparation of a technical assistance document to meet the objectives of EPA and State Superfund personnel.« less

Representation of viruses in the remediated PDB archive

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Lawson, Catherine L., E-mail: cathy.lawson@rutgers.edu; Dutta, Shuchismita; Westbrook, John D.

2008-08-01

A new data model for PDB entries of viruses and other biological assemblies with regular noncrystallographic symmetry is described. A new scheme has been devised to represent viruses and other biological assemblies with regular noncrystallographic symmetry in the Protein Data Bank (PDB). The scheme describes existing and anticipated PDB entries of this type using generalized descriptions of deposited and experimental coordinate frames, symmetry and frame transformations. A simplified notation has been adopted to express the symmetry generation of assemblies from deposited coordinates and matrix operations describing the required point, helical or crystallographic symmetry. Complete correct information for building full assemblies,more » subassemblies and crystal asymmetric units of all virus entries is now available in the remediated PDB archive.« less

An understanding of human dynamics in urban subway traffic from the Maximum Entropy Principle

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yong, Nuo; Ni, Shunjiang; Shen, Shifei; Ji, Xuewei

2016-08-01

We studied the distribution of entry time interval in Beijing subway traffic by analyzing the smart card transaction data, and then deduced the probability distribution function of entry time interval based on the Maximum Entropy Principle. Both theoretical derivation and data statistics indicated that the entry time interval obeys power-law distribution with an exponential cutoff. In addition, we pointed out the constraint conditions for the distribution form and discussed how the constraints affect the distribution function. It is speculated that for bursts and heavy tails in human dynamics, when the fitted power exponent is less than 1.0, it cannot be a pure power-law distribution, but with an exponential cutoff, which may be ignored in the previous studies.

Entry time effects and follow-on drug competition.

PubMed

Andrade, Luiz Flavio; Sermet, Catherine; Pichetti, Sylvain

2016-01-01

Pharmaceutical firms have been criticized for concentrating efforts of R&D on the so-called me-too or follow-on drugs. There have been many comments for and against the dissemination of these incremental innovations but few papers have broached the subject from an econometric point of view, possibly because identification of me-too or follow-on drugs is not so obvious. This paper focuses on the impact of entry order on follow-on drug competition in the French market between the years 2001 and 2007. More precisely, this study examines the effects on market share of first entrants in the follow-on drug market and how this possible competitive advantage changes over time. First results are coherent with theoretical microeconomic issues concerning the importance of being first. We find evidence that first movers in the follow-on drug market have the ability to capture and maintain greater market share for a long period of time. The hierarchical market position of follow-on drugs does not seem to be affected by generic drug emergence. From a dynamic perspective, our analysis shows that market share is positively correlated with the ability of follow-on drugs to set prices higher than the average follow-on drug prices in a specific therapeutic class, which means that market power remains considerably important for first movers. Moreover, we found that the optimum level of innovation to maximize market share is the highest one.

TESTING & EVALUATION OF POINT-OF-USE (POU) AND POINT-OF-ENTRY (POE) TECHNOLOGIES FOR DRINKING WATER TREATMENT

EPA Science Inventory

Centralized water treatment and distribution are still the recommended methods for producing safe drinking water. But in reality this approach cannot and will not meet the needs of millions of homes in both the U.S. and around the world, which do not have the option of connectin...

Updated tops file for Cretaceous and lower Tertiary units, Piceance Basin, northwest Colorado

USGS Publications Warehouse

Johnson, Ronald C.; Dietrich, John D.; Mercier, Tracey J.

2015-08-04

Each entry for the base of the Long Point Bed was obtained at a location where the mapped Long Point Bed intersects a contour line on the published maps. Precision of each elevation is therefore dependent on the precision of the maps and the placement of the mapped contact by the authors.

19 CFR 10.17 - Valuation of exempted components.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... components when last purchased, f.o.b. United States port of exportation or point of border crossing as set out in the invoice and entry papers, or, if no purchase was made, the value of the components at the time of their shipment for exportation, f.o.b. United States port of exportation or point of border...

7 CFR 51.628 - Tolerances.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

...—Shipping Point 1 (A) For 1 through 20 Samples Factor Grades AL 2 Number of 33-count samples 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 7.... 2 Russet. Table I—Shipping Point 1 (Continued) (B) For 21 through 40 Samples Factor Grades AL 2... outside the continental United States, the port of entry into the United States. 2 AL—Absolute limit...

7 CFR 51.628 - Tolerances.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

...—Shipping Point 1 (A) For 1 through 20 Samples Factor Grades AL 2 Number of 33-count samples 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 7.... 2 Russet. Table I—Shipping Point 1 (Continued) (B) For 21 through 40 Samples Factor Grades AL 2... outside the continental United States, the port of entry into the United States. 2 AL—Absolute limit...

7 CFR 51.628 - Tolerances.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

...—Shipping Point 1 (A) For 1 through 20 Samples Factor Grades AL 2 Number of 33-count samples 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 7.... 2 Russet. Table I—Shipping Point 1 (Continued) (B) For 21 through 40 Samples Factor Grades AL 2... outside the continental United States, the port of entry into the United States. 2 AL—Absolute limit...

The relation of depression and anxiety to life-stress and achievement in students.

PubMed

Andrews, Bernice; Wilding, John M

2004-11-01

An apparent increase in seriously disturbed students consulting student health services in the UK has led to concern that increasing financial difficulties and other outside pressures may affect student mental health and academic performance. The current research investigated whether student anxiety and depression increases after college entry, the extent to which adverse life experiences contribute to any increases, and the impact of adversity, anxiety and depression on exam performance. 351 UK-domiciled undergraduates completed questionnaires one month before university entry and mid-course. The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS: Zigmond & Snaith, 1983) was administered at both time points and a modified List of Threatening Experiences (Brugha, Bebbington, Tennant, & Hurry, 1985) was administered mid-course. By mid-course 9% of previously symptom-free students became depressed and 20% became anxious at a clinically significant level. Of those previously anxious or depressed 36% had recovered. After adjusting for pre-entry symptoms, financial difficulties made a significant independent contribution to depression and relationship difficulties independently predicted anxiety. Depression and financial difficulties mid-course predicted a decrease in exam performance from first to second year. This is the first study to confirm empirically that financial and other difficulties can increase British students' levels of anxiety and depression and that financial difficulties and depression can affect academic performance. However, university life may also have a beneficial effect for some students with pre-existing conditions. With widening participation in higher education, the results have important implications for educational and health policies.

Pathological implications of cell cycle re-entry in Alzheimer disease.

PubMed

Bonda, David J; Lee, Hyun-pil; Kudo, Wataru; Zhu, Xiongwei; Smith, Mark A; Lee, Hyoung-gon

2010-06-29

The complex neurodegeneration underlying Alzheimer disease (AD), although incompletely understood, is characterised by an aberrant re-entry into the cell cycle in neurons. Pathological evidence, in the form of cell cycle markers and regulatory proteins, suggests that cell cycle re-entry is an early event in AD, which precedes the formation of amyloid-beta plaques and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs). Although the exact mechanisms that induce and mediate these cell cycle events in AD are not clear, significant advances have been made in further understanding the pathological role of cell cycle re-entry in AD. Importantly, recent studies indicate that cell cycle re-entry is not a consequence, but rather a cause, of neurodegeneration, suggesting that targeting of cell cycle re-entry may provide an opportunity for therapeutic intervention. Moreover, multiple inducers of cell cycle re-entry and their interactions in AD have been proposed. Here, we review the most recent advances in understanding the pathological implications of cell cycle re-entry in AD.

Crew Characteristics and Ship Condition (Maintenance Personnel Effectiveness Study (MPES))

DTIC Science & Technology

1977-03-01

and destroyers are used to study how the productivity of enlisted personnel varies systematically with high school graduation, entry test scores...personnel verte* itemstlcally with high school graduation» entry test scores, paygrade» experience, race and marital status. Six OCCUPatlona end three...for example, is most important for STs maintaining sonar equipment. Ser 96/91264 c. Entry test scores and high school graduation reflected

7 CFR 1260.302 - Organic exemption.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... National Organic Program (NOP) (7 CFR part 205) system plan; only produces products that re eligible to be... classification should be entered by the importer on the Customs entry documentation. Any line item entry of 100...

7 CFR 1260.302 - Organic exemption.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... National Organic Program (NOP) (7 CFR part 205) system plan; only produces products that re eligible to be... classification should be entered by the importer on the Customs entry documentation. Any line item entry of 100...

7 CFR 1260.302 - Organic exemption.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... National Organic Program (NOP) (7 CFR part 205) system plan; only produces products that re eligible to be... classification should be entered by the importer on the Customs entry documentation. Any line item entry of 100...

7 CFR 1260.302 - Organic exemption.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... National Organic Program (NOP) (7 CFR part 205) system plan; only produces products that re eligible to be... classification should be entered by the importer on the Customs entry documentation. Any line item entry of 100...

Canal switch and re-entry phenomenon in benign paroxysmal positional vertigo: difference between immediate and delayed occurrence.

PubMed

Dispenza, F; DE Stefano, A; Costantino, C; Rando, D; Giglione, M; Stagno, R; Bennici, E

2015-04-01

This prospective study was designed to evaluate the differences between immediate and delayed canal re-entry of otoliths after therapeutic manoeuvres in patients with benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV). A total of 196 patients with BPPV were visited and 127 matched our inclusion criteria. The mean age was 54.74 years. The horizontal semicircular canal (HSC) was involved in 30 cases and the posterior semicircular canal (PSC) in 97 patients. Patients with hearing loss in the ear affected by BPPV have a more recurrent form, compared to those with normal hearing. An immediate canal re-entry was recorded in 3 patients with HSC BPPV, all with geotropic nystagmus. In 7 patients with PSC BPPV, the immediate canal re-entry was detected and the delayed form was noted in 5 patients. The patients with the delayed canal re-entry underwent more than 2 previous manoeuvres. The canal re-entry was not related to the manoeuvre performed. The timing of the Dix-Hallpike test to verify the resolution of the BPPV had a significant role in immediate canal re-entry. A recurrence in the follow-up at least one month after treatment was recorded in 20 patients and was more frequent in patients that had canal re-entry. The canal re-entry or canal switch is a clinical entity that should be kept in mind of the neurotologist when approaching BPPV patients. It is important to distinguish it from recurrence when delayed and from manoeuvre failure when immediate. The timing of manoeuvre performing, in particular the final verification test after therapeutic sessions, is important to prevent the immediate reflux of particles into canals.

Geographic and temporal genetic patterns of Aedes aegypti populations in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

PubMed

da Costa-Ribeiro, Magda C V; Lourenço-de-Oliveira, Ricardo; Failloux, Anna-Bella

2006-08-01

Rio de Janeiro is considered as the most important entry point for dengue viruses in Brazil. Using isoenzyme markers, we investigated the genetic structure of the mosquito vector Aedes aegypti sampled at three-month intervals in 14 districts in Rio de Janeiro from December 2002 to December 2003. We detected high levels of genetic differentiation (i.e. high F(ST) values and significant P values), which tended to persist throughout the year. The species does not take advantage of routes and railways to disperse. Genetic structuring was higher in the rainy season, suggesting low dispersion of Ae. aegypti at this time of year when all dengue epidemics have been reported in the city.

Kamstrupp's wow-effect: re-examined and expanded

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

King, Elizabeth M.; Dickmann, Ellyn M.; Johnson, Barbara Z.

2016-12-01

This review examines Anne Katrine Kamstrupp's article "The wow-effect in science teacher education; technology; sociomateriality." In the discussion below we explore three key areas of her ethnographic research. First, we reconsider Kamstrupp's article through the lens of technology as a pedagogical choice and philosophy. This is followed by our discussion of aspects of her study within the context of a basic understanding that entry-level pre-service teachers need to fully understand both the process of learning and scientific principles as these are important foundational factors in determining whether or not the wow-effect will occur as expected. Finally, our review team presents multiple areas in Kamstrupp's article as potential points for further elaboration.

RNAcentral: A comprehensive database of non-coding RNA sequences

DOE PAGES

Williams, Kelly Porter; Lau, Britney Yan

2016-10-28

RNAcentral is a database of non-coding RNA (ncRNA) sequences that aggregates data from specialised ncRNA resources and provides a single entry point for accessing ncRNA sequences of all ncRNA types from all organisms. Since its launch in 2014, RNAcentral has integrated twelve new resources, taking the total number of collaborating database to 22, and began importing new types of data, such as modified nucleotides from MODOMICS and PDB. We created new species-specific identifiers that refer to unique RNA sequences within a context of single species. Furthermore, the website has been subject to continuous improvements focusing on text and sequence similaritymore » searches as well as genome browsing functionality.« less

Mood disorders in adolescents: diagnosis, treatment, and suicide assessment in the primary care setting.

PubMed

Neves, Marilia G; Leanza, Francesco

2014-09-01

The primary care setting is considered the entry point of adolescents with mental illness in the health care system. This article informs primary care providers about the diagnostic features and differential of mood disorders in adolescents, screening and assessment, as well as evidence-based psychosocial and psychopharmacologic therapies. The article also provides a framework for decision making regarding initiating treatment in the primary care setting and referral to mental health services. Furthermore, the article highlights the importance of the collaboration between primary care and mental health providers to facilitate engagement of adolescents with mood disorders and adherence to treatment. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

RNAcentral: A comprehensive database of non-coding RNA sequences

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Williams, Kelly Porter; Lau, Britney Yan

RNAcentral is a database of non-coding RNA (ncRNA) sequences that aggregates data from specialised ncRNA resources and provides a single entry point for accessing ncRNA sequences of all ncRNA types from all organisms. Since its launch in 2014, RNAcentral has integrated twelve new resources, taking the total number of collaborating database to 22, and began importing new types of data, such as modified nucleotides from MODOMICS and PDB. We created new species-specific identifiers that refer to unique RNA sequences within a context of single species. Furthermore, the website has been subject to continuous improvements focusing on text and sequence similaritymore » searches as well as genome browsing functionality.« less

Hood entry coefficients of compound exhaust hoods.

PubMed

Figueroa, Crescente E

2011-12-01

A traditional method for assessing the flow rate in ventilation systems is based on multiple readings of velocity or velocity pressure (VP) (usually 10 or 20 points) taken in ductwork sections located away from fittings (> seven × diameters of straight duct). This study seeks to eliminate the need for a multiple-point evaluation and replace it with a simplified method that requires only a single measurement of hood static pressure (SP(h)) taken at a more accessible location (< three × diameters of straight duct from the hood entry). The SP(h) method is widely used for the assessment of flow rate in simple hoods. However, industrial applications quite often use compound hoods that are regularly of the slot/plenum type. For these hoods, a "compound coefficient of entry" has not been published, which makes the use of the hood static pressure method unfeasible. This study proposes a model for the computation of a "compound coefficient of entry" and validates the use of this model to assess flow rate in two systems of well-defined geometry (multi-slotted/plenum and single-slotted/tapered or "fish-tail" types). When using a conservative value of the slot loss factor (1.78), the proposed model yielded an estimate of the volumetric flow rate within 10% of that provided by a more comprehensive method of assessment. The simplicity of the hood static pressure method makes it very desirable, even in the upper range of experimental error found in this study.

Curve fits of predicted inviscid stagnation-point radiative heating rates, cooling factors, and shock standoff distances for hyperbolic earth entry

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Suttles, J. T.; Sullivan, E. M.; Margolis, S. B.

1974-01-01

Curve-fit formulas are presented for the stagnation-point radiative heating rate, cooling factor, and shock standoff distance for inviscid flow over blunt bodies at conditions corresponding to high-speed earth entry. The data which were curve fitted were calculated by using a technique which utilizes a one-strip integral method and a detailed nongray radiation model to generate a radiatively coupled flow-field solution for air in chemical and local thermodynamic equilibrium. The range of free-stream parameters considered were altitudes from about 55 to 70 km and velocities from about 11 to 16 km.sec. Spherical bodies with nose radii from 30 to 450 cm and elliptical bodies with major-to-minor axis ratios of 2, 4, and 6 were treated. Powerlaw formulas are proposed and a least-squares logarithmic fit is used to evaluate the constants. It is shown that the data can be described in this manner with an average deviation of about 3 percent (or less) and a maximum deviation of about 10 percent (or less). The curve-fit formulas provide an effective and economic means for making preliminary design studies for situations involving high-speed earth entry.

9 CFR 98.6 - Ports of entry.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... EMBRYOS AND ANIMAL SEMEN Ruminant and Swine Embryos from Regions Free of Rinderpest and Foot-and-Mouth Disease; and Embryos of Horses and Asses § 98.6 Ports of entry. An embryo shall not be imported into the...

9 CFR 98.6 - Ports of entry.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... EMBRYOS AND ANIMAL SEMEN Ruminant and Swine Embryos from Regions Free of Rinderpest and Foot-and-Mouth Disease; and Embryos of Horses and Asses § 98.6 Ports of entry. An embryo shall not be imported into the...

9 CFR 98.6 - Ports of entry.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... EMBRYOS AND ANIMAL SEMEN Ruminant and Swine Embryos from Regions Free of Rinderpest and Foot-and-Mouth Disease; and Embryos of Horses and Asses § 98.6 Ports of entry. An embryo shall not be imported into the...

9 CFR 98.6 - Ports of entry.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... EMBRYOS AND ANIMAL SEMEN Ruminant and Swine Embryos from Regions Free of Rinderpest and Foot-and-Mouth Disease; and Embryos of Horses and Asses § 98.6 Ports of entry. An embryo shall not be imported into the...

9 CFR 98.6 - Ports of entry.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... EMBRYOS AND ANIMAL SEMEN Ruminant and Swine Embryos from Regions Free of Rinderpest and Foot-and-Mouth Disease; and Embryos of Horses and Asses § 98.6 Ports of entry. An embryo shall not be imported into the...

Texting while driving: is speech-based text entry less risky than handheld text entry?

PubMed

He, J; Chaparro, A; Nguyen, B; Burge, R J; Crandall, J; Chaparro, B; Ni, R; Cao, S

2014-11-01

Research indicates that using a cell phone to talk or text while maneuvering a vehicle impairs driving performance. However, few published studies directly compare the distracting effects of texting using a hands-free (i.e., speech-based interface) versus handheld cell phone, which is an important issue for legislation, automotive interface design and driving safety training. This study compared the effect of speech-based versus handheld text entries on simulated driving performance by asking participants to perform a car following task while controlling the duration of a secondary text-entry task. Results showed that both speech-based and handheld text entries impaired driving performance relative to the drive-only condition by causing more variation in speed and lane position. Handheld text entry also increased the brake response time and increased variation in headway distance. Text entry using a speech-based cell phone was less detrimental to driving performance than handheld text entry. Nevertheless, the speech-based text entry task still significantly impaired driving compared to the drive-only condition. These results suggest that speech-based text entry disrupts driving, but reduces the level of performance interference compared to text entry with a handheld device. In addition, the difference in the distraction effect caused by speech-based and handheld text entry is not simply due to the difference in task duration. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Coherence and decoherence in the brain

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hepp, K.

2012-09-01

This review provides many entry points to controversies in neuroscience, where input from mathematical physics could be fruitful, especially about coherence and decoherence in the brain, both on the level of classical and quantum mechanics.

7 CFR 319.37-14 - Ports of entry.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

.... La Cienega Blvd., Hawthorne, CA 90250. San Diego, San Ysidro Plant Inspection Station, 9777 Via de la Amistad, Room 140, San Diego, CA 92154. Oakland, San Francisco Plant Inspection Station, 389 Oyster Point...

Ultrasound beam transmission using a discretely orthogonal Gaussian aperture basis

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Roberts, R. A.

2018-04-01

Work is reported on development of a computational model for ultrasound beam transmission at an arbitrary geometry transmission interface for generally anisotropic materials. The work addresses problems encountered when the fundamental assumptions of ray theory do not hold, thereby introducing errors into ray-theory-based transmission models. Specifically, problems occur when the asymptotic integral analysis underlying ray theory encounters multiple stationary phase points in close proximity, due to focusing caused by concavity on either the entry surface or a material slowness surface. The approach presented here projects integrands over both the transducer aperture and the entry surface beam footprint onto a Gaussian-derived basis set, thereby distributing the integral over a summation of second-order phase integrals which are amenable to single stationary phase point analysis. Significantly, convergence is assured provided a sufficiently fine distribution of basis functions is used.

Guidance control of small UAV with energy and maneuverability limitations for a search and coverage mission

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gramajo, German G.

This thesis presents an algorithm for a search and coverage mission that has increased autonomy in generating an ideal trajectory while explicitly considering the available energy in the optimization. Further, current algorithms used to generate trajectories depend on the operator providing a discrete set of turning rate requirements to obtain an optimal solution. This work proposes an additional modification to the algorithm so that it optimizes the trajectory for a range of turning rates instead of a discrete set of turning rates. This thesis conducts an evaluation of the algorithm with variation in turn duration, entry-heading angle, and entry point. Comparative studies of the algorithm with existing method indicates improved autonomy in choosing the optimization parameters while producing trajectories with better coverage area and closer final distance to the desired terminal point.

Heat exchange assembly

DOEpatents

Lowenstein, Andrew; Sibilia, Marc; Miller, Jeffrey; Tonon, Thomas S.

2004-06-08

A heat exchange assembly comprises a plurality of plates disposed in a spaced-apart arrangement, each of the plurality of plates includes a plurality of passages extending internally from a first end to a second end for directing flow of a heat transfer fluid in a first plane, a plurality of first end-piece members equaling the number of plates and a plurality of second end-piece members also equaling the number of plates, each of the first and second end-piece members including a recessed region adapted to fluidly connect and couple with the first and second ends of the plate, respectively, and further adapted to be affixed to respective adjacent first and second end-piece members in a stacked formation, and each of the first and second end-piece members further including at least one cavity for enabling entry of the heat transfer fluid into the plate, exit of the heat transfer fluid from the plate, or 180.degree. turning of the fluid within the plate to create a serpentine-like fluid flow path between points of entry and exit of the fluid, and at least two fluid conduits extending through the stacked plurality of first and second end-piece members for providing first fluid connections between the parallel fluid entry points of adjacent plates and a fluid supply inlet, and second fluid connections between the parallel fluid exit points of adjacent plates and a fluid discharge outlet so that the heat transfer fluid travels in parallel paths through each respective plate.

Hear Exchange Assembly

DOEpatents

Lowenstein, Andrew; Sibilia, Marc; Miller, Jeffrey; Tonon, Thomas S.

2003-05-27

A heat exchange assembly comprises a plurality of plates disposed in a spaced-apart arrangement, each of the plurality of plates includes a plurality of passages extending internally from a first end to a second end for directing flow of a heat transfer fluid in a first plane, a plurality of first end-piece members equaling the number of plates and a plurality of second end-piece members also equaling the number of plates, each of the first and second end-piece members including a recessed region adapted to fluidly connect and couple with the first and second ends of the plate, respectively, and further adapted to be affixed to respective adjacent first and second end-piece members in a stacked formation, and each of the first and second end-piece members further including at least one cavity for enabling entry of the heat transfer fluid into the plate, exit of the heat transfer fluid from the plate, or 180.degree. turning of the fluid within the plate to create a serpentine-like fluid flow path between points of entry and exit of the fluid, and at least two fluid conduits extending through the stacked plurality of first and second end-piece members for providing first fluid connections between the parallel fluid entry points of adjacent plates and a fluid supply inlet, and second fluid connections between the parallel fluid exit points of adjacent plates and a fluid discharge outlet so that the heat transfer fluid travels in parallel paths through each respective plate.

Effective Partnering of State Agencies to Achieve Early Hearing Detection and Intervention Benchmarks

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Corwin, Joanne

2011-01-01

Relative to Early Hearing Detection and Intervention (EHDI), New Mexico struggles with multiple points of referral into early intervention in the same way most states do. Referrals are not systematized through a single point of entry. The Step*Hi (statewide Parent-Infant) Program of the New Mexico School for the Deaf (NMSD) receives referrals from…

Influence of Household Water Filters on Bacteria Growth and Trace Metals in Tap Water of Doha, Qatar.

PubMed

Nriagu, Jerome; Xi, Chuanwu; Siddique, Azhar; Vincent, Annette; Shomar, Basem

2018-05-29

Deteriorating water quality from aging infrastructure, growing threat of pollution from industrialization and urbanization, and increasing awareness about waterborne diseases are among the factors driving the surge in worldwide use of point-of-entry (POE) and point-of-use (POU) filters. Any adverse influence of such consumer point-of-use systems on quality of water at the tap remains poorly understood, however. We determined the chemical and microbiological changes in municipal water from the point of entry into the household plumbing system until it leaves from the tap in houses equipped with filters. We show that POE/POU devices can induce significant deterioration of the quality of tap water by functioning as traps and reservoirs for sludge, scale, rust, algae or slime deposits which promote microbial growth and biofilm formation in the household water distribution system. With changes in water pressure and physical or chemical disturbance of the plumbing system, the microorganisms and contaminants may be flushed into the tap water. Such changes in quality of household water carry a potential health risk which calls for some introspection in widespread deployment of POE/POU filters in water distribution systems.

Passage of Bolides Through the Atmosphere

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Popova, O.

2011-01-01

Different fragmentation models are applied to a number of events, including the entry of TC3 2008 asteroid in order to reproduce existing observational data. Keywords meteoroid entry fragmentation modeling 1 Introduction Fragmentation is a very important phenomenon which occurs during the meteoroid entry into the atmosphere and adds more drastic effects than mere deceleration and ablation. Modeling of bolide fragmentation (100 106 kg in mass) may be divided into several approaches. Detail fitting of observational data (deceleration and/or light curves) allows the determination of some meteoroid parameters (ablation and shape-density coefficients, fragmentation points, amount of mass loss) (Ceplecha et al. 1993; Ceplecha and ReVelle 2005). Observational data with high accuracy are needed for the gross-fragmentation model (Ceplecha et al. 1993), which is used for the analysis of European and Desert bolide networks data. Hydrodynamical models, which describe the entry of the meteoroid including evolution of its material, are applied mainly for large bodies (>106 kg) (Boslough et al. 1994; Svetsov et al. 1995; Shuvalov and Artemieva 2002, and others). Numerous papers were devoted to the application of standard equations for large meteoroid entry in the attempts to reproduce dynamics and/or radiation for different bolides and to predict meteorite falls. These modeling efforts are often supplemented by different fragmentation models (Baldwin and Sheaffer, 1971; Borovi.ka et al. 1998; Artemieva and Shuvalov, 2001; Bland and Artemieva, 2006, and others). The fragmentation may occur in different ways. For example, few large fragments are formed. These pieces initially interact through their shock waves and then continue their flight independently. The progressive fragmentation model suggests that meteoroids are disrupted into fragments, which continue their flight as independent bodies and may be disrupted further. Similar models were suggested in numerous papers, beginning with Levin (1956) and initial interaction of fragments started to be taken into account after the paper by Passey and Melosh (1980). The progressive fragmentation model with lateral spreading of formed fragments is widely used (Artemieva and Shuvalov, 1996; Nemtchinov and Popova, 1997; Borovi.ka et al. 1998; Bland and Artemieva, 2006).

Ordering the Senses in a Monolingual Dictionary Entry.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gold, David L.

1986-01-01

Reviews issues to be considered in determining the order of meanings for a lexeme in a dictionary entry and compares techniques for deciding order. Types of ordering include importance, frequency, logical ordering, dominant meaning, syntactic, and historical. (MSE)

Injector Design for a Model Electron Ring at the University of Maryland

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Godlove, T.; Bernal, S.; Deng, J. J.; Li, Y.; Reiser, M.; Wang, J. G.; Zou, Y.

1997-05-01

A model electron recirculator is being developed at the University of Maryland. It employs a 10-keV, space-charge-dominated beam injected into a 1.8-m radius ring equipped with a strong-focusing lattice based on printed-circuit quadrupoles and dipoles. The motivation and general features are described in separate papers. Here we describe the design for injecting a single-turn bunch into the ring. The system includes a low-emittance e-gun, matching section, pulsed dipole and Panofsky quadrupole. The dipole at the injection point must deflect the beam -10^circ during entry and +10^circ after entry, with about 25 ns transition time. The Panofsky quadrupole must be off during entry and on for subsequent laps, with a similar rise time.

Analytic theory of orbit contraction and ballistic entry into planetary atmospheres

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Longuski, J. M.; Vinh, N. X.

1980-01-01

A space object traveling through an atmosphere is governed by two forces: aerodynamic and gravitational. On this premise, equations of motion are derived to provide a set of universal entry equations applicable to all regimes of atmospheric flight from orbital motion under the dissipate force of drag through the dynamic phase of reentry, and finally to the point of contact with the planetary surface. Rigorous mathematical techniques such as averaging, Poincare's method of small parameters, and Lagrange's expansion, applied to obtain a highly accurate, purely analytic theory for orbit contraction and ballistic entry into planetary atmospheres. The theory has a wide range of applications to modern problems including orbit decay of artificial satellites, atmospheric capture of planetary probes, atmospheric grazing, and ballistic reentry of manned and unmanned space vehicles.

Predictive Lateral Logic for Numerical Entry Guidance Algorithms

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Smith, Kelly M.

2016-01-01

Recent entry guidance algorithm development123 has tended to focus on numerical integration of trajectories onboard in order to evaluate candidate bank profiles. Such methods enjoy benefits such as flexibility to varying mission profiles and improved robustness to large dispersions. A common element across many of these modern entry guidance algorithms is a reliance upon the concept of Apollo heritage lateral error (or azimuth error) deadbands in which the number of bank reversals to be performed is non-deterministic. This paper presents a closed-loop bank reversal method that operates with a fixed number of bank reversals defined prior to flight. However, this number of bank reversals can be modified at any point, including in flight, based on contingencies such as fuel leaks where propellant usage must be minimized.

Discovery of natural mouse serum derived HIV-1 entry inhibitor(s).

PubMed

Wei, M; Chen, Y; Xi, J; Ru, S; Ji, M; Zhang, D; Fang, Q; Tang, B

Among rationally designed human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) inhibitors, diverse natural factors have showed as potent anti-HIV activity in human blood. We have discovered that the boiled supernatant of healthy mouse serum could suppress HIV-1 entry, and exhibited reduced inhibitory activity after trypsin digestion. Further analysis demonstrated that only the fraction containing 10-25 K proteins could inhibit HIV-1 mediated cell-cell fusion. These results suggest that the 10-25 K protein(s) is novel natural HIV-1 entry inhibitor(s). Our findings provide important information about novel natural HIV entry inhibitors in mouse serum.

Authorized generic drugs, price competition, and consumers' welfare.

PubMed

Berndt, Ernst R; Mortimer, Richard; Bhattacharjya, Ashoke; Parece, Andrew; Tuttle, Edward

2007-01-01

The growing frequency of authorized generics has important implications for the welfare of prescription drug consumers. Authorized generic entry could affect the timing of generic entry, brand-name and generic prices, and generic penetration. We reviewed 1999-2003 data and found that generic entry in the absence of short-run exclusivity restrictions benefits consumers through lower short-run prices. We suggest that these benefits likely also result from authorized generics. We posit that long-run prices and shares are likely essentially unaffected by authorized generics and that potential costs to consumers from any delayed generic entry are likely small.

Quantifying the determinants of decremental response in critical ventricular tachycardia substrate.

PubMed

Beheshti, Mohammadali; Nayyar, Sachin; Magtibay, Karl; Massé, Stéphane; Porta-Sanchez, Andreu; Haldar, Shouvik; Bhaskaran, Abhishek; Vigmond, Edward; Nanthakumar, Kumaraswamy

2018-05-28

Decremental response evoked with extrastimulation (DEEP) is a useful tool for determining diastolic return path of ventricular tachycardia (VT). Though a targeted VT ablation is feasible with this approach, determinants of DEEP response have not been studied OBJECTIVES: To elucidate the effects of clinically relevant factors, specifically, the proximity of the stimulation site to the arrhythmogenic scar, stimulation wave direction, number of channels open in the scar, size of the scar and number of extra stimuli on decrement and entropy of DEEP potentials. In a 3-dimensional bi-domain simulation of human ventricular tissue (TNNP cell model), an irregular subendocardial myopathic region was generated. An irregular channel of healthy tissue with five potential entry branches was shaped into the myopathic region. A bipolar electrogram was derived from two electrodes positioned in the centre of the myopathic region. Evoked delays between far-field and local Electrogram (EGM) following an extrastimulus (S1-S2, 500-350 ms) were measured as the stimulation site, channel branches, and inexcitable tissue size were altered. Stimulation adjacent to the inexcitable tissue from the side opposite to the point-of-entry produces longest DEEP delay. The DEEP delay shortens when the stimulation point is farther away from the scar, and it decreases maximally when stimulation is done from a site beside a conduction barrier. Entropy increases with S2 when stimulation site is from farther away. An unprotected channel structure with multiple side-branch openings had shorter DEEP delay compared to a protected channel structure with a paucity of additional side-branch openings and a point-of-entry on the side opposite to the pacing source. Addition of a second shorter extrastimulus did not universally lead to higher DEEP delay CONCLUSIONS: Location and direction of the wavefront in relation to scar entry and size of scar determine the degree of evoked response while the number of extrastimuli has a small additional decremental effect. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Semaphorin6A acts as a gate keeper between the central and the peripheral nervous system

PubMed Central

Mauti, Olivier; Domanitskaya, Elena; Andermatt, Irwin; Sadhu, Rejina; Stoeckli, Esther T

2007-01-01

Background During spinal cord development, expression of chicken SEMAPHORIN6A (SEMA6A) is almost exclusively found in the boundary caps at the ventral motor axon exit point and at the dorsal root entry site. The boundary cap cells are derived from a population of late migrating neural crest cells. They form a transient structure at the transition zone between the peripheral nervous system (PNS) and the central nervous system (CNS). Ablation of the boundary cap resulted in emigration of motoneurons from the ventral spinal cord along the ventral roots. Based on its very restricted expression in boundary cap cells, we tested for a role of Sema6A as a gate keeper between the CNS and the PNS. Results Downregulation of Sema6A in boundary cap cells by in ovo RNA interference resulted in motoneurons streaming out of the spinal cord along the ventral roots, and in the failure of dorsal roots to form and segregate properly. PlexinAs interact with class 6 semaphorins and are expressed by both motoneurons and sensory neurons. Knockdown of PlexinA1 reproduced the phenotype seen after loss of Sema6A function both at the ventral motor exit point and at the dorsal root entry site of the lumbosacral spinal cord. Loss of either PlexinA4 or Sema6D function had an effect only at the dorsal root entry site but not at the ventral motor axon exit point. Conclusion Sema6A acts as a gate keeper between the PNS and the CNS both ventrally and dorsally. It is required for the clustering of boundary cap cells at the PNS/CNS interface and, thus, prevents motoneurons from streaming out of the ventral spinal cord. At the dorsal root entry site it organizes the segregation of dorsal roots. PMID:18088409

Reliability-based trajectory optimization using nonintrusive polynomial chaos for Mars entry mission

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Huang, Yuechen; Li, Haiyang

2018-06-01

This paper presents the reliability-based sequential optimization (RBSO) method to settle the trajectory optimization problem with parametric uncertainties in entry dynamics for Mars entry mission. First, the deterministic entry trajectory optimization model is reviewed, and then the reliability-based optimization model is formulated. In addition, the modified sequential optimization method, in which the nonintrusive polynomial chaos expansion (PCE) method and the most probable point (MPP) searching method are employed, is proposed to solve the reliability-based optimization problem efficiently. The nonintrusive PCE method contributes to the transformation between the stochastic optimization (SO) and the deterministic optimization (DO) and to the approximation of trajectory solution efficiently. The MPP method, which is used for assessing the reliability of constraints satisfaction only up to the necessary level, is employed to further improve the computational efficiency. The cycle including SO, reliability assessment and constraints update is repeated in the RBSO until the reliability requirements of constraints satisfaction are satisfied. Finally, the RBSO is compared with the traditional DO and the traditional sequential optimization based on Monte Carlo (MC) simulation in a specific Mars entry mission to demonstrate the effectiveness and the efficiency of the proposed method.

Mapping PDB chains to UniProtKB entries.

PubMed

Martin, Andrew C R

2005-12-01

UniProtKB/SwissProt is the main resource for detailed annotations of protein sequences. This database provides a jumping-off point to many other resources through the links it provides. Among others, these include other primary databases, secondary databases, the Gene Ontology and OMIM. While a large number of links are provided to Protein Data Bank (PDB) files, obtaining a regularly updated mapping between UniProtKB entries and PDB entries at the chain or residue level is not straightforward. In particular, there is no regularly updated resource which allows a UniProtKB/SwissProt entry to be identified for a given residue of a PDB file. We have created a completely automatically maintained database which maps PDB residues to residues in UniProtKB/SwissProt and UniProtKB/trEMBL entries. The protocol uses links from PDB to UniProtKB, from UniProtKB to PDB and a brute-force sequence scan to resolve PDB chains for which no annotated link is available. Finally the sequences from PDB and UniProtKB are aligned to obtain a residue-level mapping. The resource may be queried interactively or downloaded from http://www.bioinf.org.uk/pdbsws/.

Human Mars Entry, Descent and Landing Architectures Study Overview

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Polsgrove, Tara T.; Dwyer Cianciolo, Alicia

2016-01-01

Landing humans on Mars will require entry, descent and landing (EDL) capability beyond the current state of the art. Nearly twenty times more delivered payload and an order of magnitude improvement in precision landing capability will be necessary. Several EDL technologies capable of meeting the human class payload delivery requirements are being considered. The EDL technologies considered include low lift-to-drag vehicles like Hypersonic Inflatable Aerodynamic Decelerators (HIAD), Adaptable Deployable Entry and Placement Technology (ADEPT), and mid range lift-to-drag vehicles like rigid aeroshell configurations. To better assess EDL technology options and sensitivities to future human mission design variations, a series of design studies has been conducted. The design studies incorporate EDL technologies with conceptual payload arrangements defined by the Evolvable Mars Campaign to evaluate the integrated system with higher fidelity than have been performed to date. This paper describes the results of the design studies for a lander design using the HIAD, ADEPT and rigid shell entry technologies and includes system and subsystem design details including mass and power estimates. This paper will review the point design for three entry configurations capable of delivering a 20 t human class payload to the surface of Mars.

Critical Spacecraft-to-Earth Communications for Mars Exploration Rover (MER) entry, descent and landing

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hurd, William J.; Estabrook, Polly; Racho, Caroline S.; Satorius, Edgar H.

2002-01-01

For planetary lander missions, the most challenging phase of the spacecraft to ground communications is during the entry, descent, and landing (EDL). As each 2003 Mars Exploration Rover (MER) enters the Martian atmosphere, it slows dramatically. The extreme acceleration and jerk cause extreme Doppler dynamics on the X-band signal received on Earth. When the vehicle slows sufficiently, the parachute is deployed, causing almost a step in deceleration. After parachute deployment, the lander is lowered beneath the parachute on a bridle. The swinging motion of the lander imparts high Doppler dynamics on the signal and causes the received signal strength to vary widely, due to changing antenna pointing angles. All this time, the vehicle transmits important health and status information that is especially critical if the landing is not successful. Even using the largest Deep Space Network antennas, the weak signal and high dynamics render it impossible to conduct reliable phase coherent communications. Therefore, a specialized form of frequency-shift-keying will be used. This paper describes the EDL scenario, the signal conditions, the methods used to detect and frequency-track the carrier and to detect the data modulation, and the resulting performance estimates.

Elementary Level Educational Curriculum Guide

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1989-01-01

This guide contains current and accurate information about the agricultural aviation industry. The hands-on design or practical approach allows for and encourages flexibility. The designated grade levels serve only as a suggested entry point for inst...

Employee Spirituality in the Workplace: A Cross-Cultural View for the Management of Spiritual Employees.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lewis, Jeffrey S.; Geroy, Gary D.

2000-01-01

Discusses six entry points to initiate discussion of employee spirituality in management education: cross-cultural management, workplace diversity, leadership, team management, organizational culture, and human resource development. (SK)

Task toward a Realization of Commercial Tokamak Fusion Plants in 2050 -The Role of ITER and the Succeeding Developments- 5.Challenge to Innovative Technologies and the Expected Market Appeal

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tobita, Kenji; Konishi, Satoshi; Tokimatsu, Koji; Nishio, Satoshi; Hiwatari, Ryoji

This section describes the future of fusion energy in terms of its impact on the global energy supply and global warming mitigation, the possible entry scenarios of fusion into future energy market, and innovative technologies for deploying and expanding fusion's share in the market. Section 5.1 shows that fusion energy can contribute to the stabilization of atmospheric CO2 concentration if fusion is introduced into the future energy market at a competitive price. Considerations regarding fusion's entry scenarios into the energy market are presented in Sec. 5.2, suggesting that fusion should replace fossil energy sources and thus contribute to global warming mitigation. In this sense, first generation fusion power plants should be a viable energy source with global appeal and be so attractive as to be employed in developing countries rather than in developed countries. Favorable factors lending to this purpose are fusion's stability as a power source, and its security, safety, and environmental frendliness as well as its cost-of-electricity. The requirements for core plasma to expand the share of fusion in the market in the latter half of this century are given in Sec.5.3, pointing out the importance of high beta access with low aspect ratio and plasma profile control. From this same point of view, innovative fusion technologies worthy of further development are commented on in Sec. 5.4, addressing the high temperature blanket, hydrogen production, high temperature superconductors, and hot cell maintenance.

Snakes and Eels and Dogs! Oh, My! Evaluating High School Students' Tree-Thinking Skills: An Entry Point to Understanding Evolution

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Catley, Kefyn M.; Phillips, Brenda C.; Novick, Laura R.

2013-12-01

The biological community is currently undertaking one its greatest scientific endeavours, that of constructing the Tree of Life, a phylogeny intended to be an evidenced-based, predictive road map of evolutionary relationships among Earth's biota. Unfortunately, we know very little about how such diagrams are understood, interpreted, or used as inferential tools by students—collectively referred to as tree thinking. The present study provides the first in-depth look at US high school students' competence at tree thinking and reports how they engage cognitively with tree representations as a precursor to developing curricula that will provide an entry point into macroevolution. Sixty tenth graders completed a 12-question instrument that assessed five basic tree-thinking skills. We present data that show patterns of misunderstandings are largely congruent between tenth graders and undergraduates and identify competences that are pivotal to address during instruction. Two general principles that emerge from this study are: (a) Students need to be taught that cladograms are an authoritative source of evidence that should be weighted more than other superficial or ecological similarities; (b) students need to understand the vital importance and critical difference between most recent common ancestry and common ancestry. Further, we show how the objectives of this study are closely aligned with US and International Standards and argue that scientifically-literate citizens need at least a basic understanding of the science behind the Tree of Life to understand and engage in twenty-first century societal issues such as human health, agriculture, and biotechnology.

Socioeconomic position, psychosocial work environment and disability in an ageing workforce: a longitudinal analysis of SHARE data from 11 European countries.

PubMed

Reinhardt, Jan D; Wahrendorf, Morten; Siegrist, Johannes

2013-03-01

Prevention of disability in the ageing workforce is essential for sustaining economic growth in Europe. In order to provide information on entry points for preventive measures, it is important to better understand sociodemographic, socioeconomic and work-related determinants of disability in older employees. We aimed to test the hypothesis that low socioeconomic position and exposure to a stressful psychosocial work environment at baseline contribute to later disability. We further assumed that the association of socioeconomic position with disability is partly mediated by exposure to adverse working conditions. We studied longitudinal data from the first two waves of the Survey on Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe comprising 11 European countries. Sociodemographic, socioeconomic and work-related factors (low control, effort-reward imbalance) and baseline disability of 2665 male and 2209 female employees aged between 50 and 64 years were used to predict disability 2 years later. Following the International Classification of Functioning (ICF), disability was subdivided into the components 'impairment' and 'restriction in activities and participation'. Two multilevel Poisson regressions were fitted to the data. After adjusting for baseline disability and relevant confounding variables, low socioeconomic position and chronic stress at work exerted significant effects on disability scores 2 years later. We found some support for the hypothesis that the association of socioeconomic position with disability is partly mediated by work stress. Investing in reduction of work stress and reducing social inequalities in health functioning are relevant entry points of policies that aim at maintaining work ability in early old age.

Mutagenesis Studies of the H5 Influenza Hemagglutinin Stem Loop Region*

PubMed Central

Antanasijevic, Aleksandar; Basu, Arnab; Bowlin, Terry L.; Mishra, Rama K.; Rong, Lijun; Caffrey, Michael

2014-01-01

Influenza outbreaks, particularly the pandemic 1918 H1 and avian H5 strains, are of high concern to public health. The hemagglutinin envelope protein of influenza plays a critical role in viral entry and thus is an attractive target for inhibition of virus entry. The highly conserved stem loop region of hemagglutinin has been shown to undergo critically important conformational changes during the entry process and, moreover, to be a site for inhibition of virus entry by antibodies, small proteins, and small drug-like molecules. In this work we probe the structure-function properties of the H5 hemagglutinin stem loop region by site-directed mutagenesis. We find that most mutations do not disrupt expression, proteolytic processing, incorporation into virus, or receptor binding; however, many of the mutations disrupt the entry process. We further assess the effects of mutations on inhibition of entry by a neutralizing monoclonal antibody (C179) and find examples of increased and decreased sensitivity to the antibody, consistent with the antibody binding site observed by x-ray crystallography. In addition, we tested the sensitivity of the mutants to MBX2329, a small molecule inhibitor of influenza entry. Interestingly, the mutants exhibit increased and decreased sensitivities to MBX2329, which gives further insight into the binding site of the compound on HA and potential mechanisms of escape. Finally, we have modeled the binding site of MBX2329 using molecular dynamics and find that the resulting structure is in good agreement with the mutagenesis results. Together these studies underscore the importance of the stem loop region to HA function and suggest potential sites for therapeutic intervention of influenza entry. PMID:24947513

Mutagenesis studies of the H5 influenza hemagglutinin stem loop region.

PubMed

Antanasijevic, Aleksandar; Basu, Arnab; Bowlin, Terry L; Mishra, Rama K; Rong, Lijun; Caffrey, Michael

2014-08-08

Influenza outbreaks, particularly the pandemic 1918 H1 and avian H5 strains, are of high concern to public health. The hemagglutinin envelope protein of influenza plays a critical role in viral entry and thus is an attractive target for inhibition of virus entry. The highly conserved stem loop region of hemagglutinin has been shown to undergo critically important conformational changes during the entry process and, moreover, to be a site for inhibition of virus entry by antibodies, small proteins, and small drug-like molecules. In this work we probe the structure-function properties of the H5 hemagglutinin stem loop region by site-directed mutagenesis. We find that most mutations do not disrupt expression, proteolytic processing, incorporation into virus, or receptor binding; however, many of the mutations disrupt the entry process. We further assess the effects of mutations on inhibition of entry by a neutralizing monoclonal antibody (C179) and find examples of increased and decreased sensitivity to the antibody, consistent with the antibody binding site observed by x-ray crystallography. In addition, we tested the sensitivity of the mutants to MBX2329, a small molecule inhibitor of influenza entry. Interestingly, the mutants exhibit increased and decreased sensitivities to MBX2329, which gives further insight into the binding site of the compound on HA and potential mechanisms of escape. Finally, we have modeled the binding site of MBX2329 using molecular dynamics and find that the resulting structure is in good agreement with the mutagenesis results. Together these studies underscore the importance of the stem loop region to HA function and suggest potential sites for therapeutic intervention of influenza entry. © 2014 by The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc.

Alphavirus entry into host cells.

PubMed

Vancini, Ricardo; Hernandez, Raquel; Brown, Dennis

2015-01-01

Viruses have evolved to exploit the vast complexity of cellular processes for their success within the host cell. The entry mechanisms of enveloped viruses (viruses with a surrounding outer lipid bilayer membrane) are usually classified as being either endocytotic or fusogenic. Different mechanisms have been proposed for Alphavirus entry and genome delivery. Indirect observations led to a general belief that enveloped viruses can infect cells either by protein-assisted fusion with the plasma membrane in a pH-independent manner or by endocytosis and fusion with the endocytic vacuole in a low-pH environment. The mechanism of Alphavirus penetration has been recently revisited using direct observation of the processes by electron microscopy under conditions of different temperatures and time progression. Under conditions nonpermissive for endocytosis or any vesicular transport, events occur which allow the entry of the virus genome into the cells. When drug inhibitors of cellular functions are used to prevent entry, only ionophores are found to significantly inhibit RNA delivery. Arboviruses are agents of significant human and animal disease; therefore, strategies to control infections are needed and include development of compounds which will block critical steps in the early infection events. It appears that current evidence points to an entry mechanism, in which alphaviruses infect cells by direct penetration of cell plasma membranes through a pore structure formed by virus and, possibly, host proteins. © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Trajectory and Aeroheating Environment Development and Sensitivity Analysis for Capsule-shaped Vehicles

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Robinson, Jeffrey S.; Wurster, Kathryn E.

2006-01-01

Recently, NASA's Exploration Systems Research and Technology Project funded several tasks that endeavored to develop and evaluate various thermal protection systems and high temperature material concepts for potential use on the crew exploration vehicle. In support of these tasks, NASA Langley's Vehicle Analysis Branch generated trajectory information and associated aeroheating environments for more than 60 unique entry cases. Using the Apollo Command Module as the baseline entry system because of its relevance to the favored crew exploration vehicle design, trajectories for a range of lunar and Mars return, direct and aerocapture Earth-entry scenarios were developed. For direct entry, a matrix of cases was created that reflects reasonably expected minimum and maximum values of vehicle ballistic coefficient, inertial velocity at entry interface, and inertial flight path angle at entry interface. For aerocapture, trajectories were generated for a range of values of initial velocity and ballistic coefficient that, when combined with proper initial flight path angles, resulted in achieving a low Earth orbit either by employing a full lift vector up or full lift vector down attitude. For each trajectory generated, aeroheating environments were generated which were intended to bound the thermal protection system requirements for likely crew exploration vehicle concepts. The trades examined clearly pointed to a range of missions / concepts that will require ablative systems as well as a range for which reusable systems may be feasible. In addition, the results clearly indicated those entry conditions and modes suitable for manned flight, considering vehicle deceleration levels experienced during entry. This paper presents an overview of the analysis performed, including the assumptions, methods, and general approach used, as well as a summary of the trajectory and aerothermal environment information that was generated.

Usability Evaluation at the Point-of-Care: A Method to Identify User Information Needs in CPOE Applications

PubMed Central

Washburn, Jeff; Fiol, Guilherme Del; Rocha, Roberto A.

2006-01-01

Point of care usability evaluation may help identify information needs that occur during the process of providing care. We describe the process of using usability-specific recording software to record Computerized Physician Order Entry (CPOE) ordering sessions on admitted adult and pediatric patients at two urban tertiary hospitals in the Intermountain Healthcare system of hospitals. PMID:17238756

Arsenic Removal from Drinking Water by Point of Entry/Point of Use Adsorptive Media U.S. EPA Demonstration Project at Oregon Institute of Technology at Klamath Falls, OR - Final Performance Evaluation Report

EPA Science Inventory

This report documents the activities performed during and the results obtained from the arsenic removal treatment technology demonstration project at Oregon Institute of Technology (OIT) at Klamath Falls, OR. The objectives of the project were to evaluate: (1) the effectiveness...

7 CFR 322.20 - Ports of entry.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 5 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Ports of entry. 322.20 Section 322.20 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) ANIMAL AND PLANT HEALTH INSPECTION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE BEES, BEEKEEPING BYPRODUCTS, AND BEEKEEPING EQUIPMENT Importation of Restricted...

7 CFR 322.20 - Ports of entry.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 5 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Ports of entry. 322.20 Section 322.20 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) ANIMAL AND PLANT HEALTH INSPECTION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE BEES, BEEKEEPING BYPRODUCTS, AND BEEKEEPING EQUIPMENT Importation of Restricted...

7 CFR 322.20 - Ports of entry.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 5 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Ports of entry. 322.20 Section 322.20 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) ANIMAL AND PLANT HEALTH INSPECTION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE BEES, BEEKEEPING BYPRODUCTS, AND BEEKEEPING EQUIPMENT Importation of Restricted...

7 CFR 322.20 - Ports of entry.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 5 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Ports of entry. 322.20 Section 322.20 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) ANIMAL AND PLANT HEALTH INSPECTION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE BEES, BEEKEEPING BYPRODUCTS, AND BEEKEEPING EQUIPMENT Importation of Restricted...

7 CFR 322.20 - Ports of entry.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 5 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Ports of entry. 322.20 Section 322.20 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) ANIMAL AND PLANT HEALTH INSPECTION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE BEES, BEEKEEPING BYPRODUCTS, AND BEEKEEPING EQUIPMENT Importation of Restricted...

Modeling and segmentation of intra-cochlear anatomy in conventional CT

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Noble, Jack H.; Rutherford, Robert B.; Labadie, Robert F.; Majdani, Omid; Dawant, Benoit M.

2010-03-01

Cochlear implant surgery is a procedure performed to treat profound hearing loss. Since the cochlea is not visible in surgery, the physician uses anatomical landmarks to estimate the pose of the cochlea. Research has indicated that implanting the electrode in a particular cavity of the cochlea, the scala tympani, results in better hearing restoration. The success of the scala tympani implantation is largely dependent on the point of entry and angle of electrode insertion. Errors can occur due to the imprecise nature of landmark-based, manual navigation as well as inter-patient variations between scala tympani and the anatomical landmarks. In this work, we use point distribution models of the intra-cochlear anatomy to study the inter-patient variations between the cochlea and the typical anatomic landmarks, and we implement an active shape model technique to automatically localize intra-cochlear anatomy in conventional CT images, where intra-cochlear structures are not visible. This fully automatic segmentation could aid the surgeon to choose the point of entry and angle of approach to maximize the likelihood of scala tympani insertion, resulting in more substantial hearing restoration.

Development of a pathway model to assess the exposure of European pine trees to pine wood nematode via the trade of wood.

PubMed

Douma, J C; van der Werf, W; Hemerik, L; Magnusson, C; Robinet, C

2017-04-01

Pine wood nematode (PWN), Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, is a threat for pine species (Pinus spp.) throughout the world. The nematode is native to North America, and invaded Japan, China, Korea, and Taiwan, and more recently Portugal and Spain. PWN enters new areas through trade in wood products. Once established, eradication is not practically feasible. Therefore, preventing entry of PWN into new areas is crucial. Entry risk analysis can assist in targeting management to reduce the probability of entry. Assessing the entry of PWN is challenging due to the complexity of the wood trade and the wood processing chain. In this paper, we develop a pathway model that describes the wood trade and wood processing chain to determine the structure of the entry process. We consider entry of PWN through imported coniferous wood from China, a possible origin of Portuguese populations, to Europe. We show that exposure increased over years due to an increase in imports of sawn wood. From 2000 to 2012, Europe received an estimated 84 PWN propagules from China, 88% of which arose from imported sawn wood and 12% from round wood. The region in Portugal where the PWN was first reported is among those with the highest PWN transfer per unit of imported wood due to a high host cover and vector activity. An estimated 62% of PWN is expected to enter in countries where PWN is not expected to cause the wilt of pine trees because of low summer temperatures (e.g., Belgium, Sweden, Norway). In these countries, PWN is not easily detected, and such countries can thus serve as potential reservoirs of PWN. The model identifies ports and regions with high exposure, which helps targeting monitoring and surveillance, even in areas where wilt disease is not expected to occur. In addition, we show that exposure is most efficiently reduced by additional treatments in the country of origin, and/or import wood from PWN-free zones. Pathway modelling assists plant health managers in analyzing risks along the pathway and planning measures for enhancing biosecurity. © 2016 by the Ecological Society of America.

Alcohol Detoxification Completion, Acceptance of Referral to Substance Abuse Treatment, and Entry into Substance Abuse Treatment Among Alaska Native People

PubMed Central

Bear, Ursula Running; Beals, Janette; Novins, Douglas K.; Manson, Spero M.

2016-01-01

Background Little is known about factors associated with detoxification treatment completion and the transition to substance abuse treatment following detoxification among Alaska Native people. This study examined 3 critical points on the substance abuse continuum of care (alcohol detoxification completion, acceptance of referral to substance abuse treatment, entry into substance abuse treatment following detoxification). Methods The retrospective cohort included 383 adult Alaska Native patients admitted to a tribally owned and managed inpatient detoxification unit. Three multiple logistic regression models estimated the adjusted associations of each outcome separately with demographic/psychosocial characteristics, clinical characteristics, use related behaviors, and health care utilization. Results Seventy-five percent completed detoxification treatment. Higher global assessment functioning scores, longer lengths of stay, and older ages of first alcohol use were associated with completing detoxification. A secondary drug diagnosis was associated with not completing detoxification. Thirty-six percent accepted a referral to substance abuse treatment following detoxification. Men, those with legal problems, and those with a longer length of stay were more likely to accept a referral to substance abuse treatment. Fifty-eight percent had a confirmed entry into a substance abuse treatment program at discharge. Length of stay was the only variable associated with substance abuse treatment entry. Conclusions Services like motivational interviewing, counseling, development of therapeutic alliance, monetary incentives, and contingency management are effective in linking patients to services after detoxification. These should be considered, along with the factors associated with each point on the continuum of care when linking patients to follow-up services. PMID:27705843

Cell Surface THY-1 Contributes to Human Cytomegalovirus Entry via a Macropinocytosis-Like Process

PubMed Central

Li, Qingxue; Fischer, Elizabeth

2016-01-01

ABSTRACT Previously we showed that THY-1 has a critical role in the initial stage of infection of certain cell types with human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) and that THY-1 is important for HCMV-mediated activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt during virus entry. THY-1 is known to interact with integrins and is a major cargo protein of clathrin-independent endocytic vesicles. Since macropinocytosis involves integrin signaling, is PI3K/Akt dependent, and is a clathrin-independent endocytic process, we determined whether THY-1 has a role in HCMV entry by macropinocytosis. Using electron microscopy in two cell lines that support HCMV infection in a THY-1-dependent manner, we found that HCMV enters these cells by a macropinocytosis-like process. THY-1 associated with HCMV virions on the cell surface and colocalized with virus inside macropinosomes. 5-(N-Ethyl-N-isopropyl)amiloride (EIPA) and soluble THY-1 blocked HCMV infection in the cell lines by ≥80% and 60%, respectively. HCMV entry into the cells triggered increased influx of extracellular fluid, a marker of macropinocytosis, and this increased fluid uptake was inhibited by EIPA and by soluble THY-1. Blocking actin depolymerization, Na+/H+ exchange, PI3K, and Pak1 kinase, which are critical for macropinocytosis, impaired HCMV infection. Neither internalized HCMV virions nor THY-1 in virus-infected cells colocalized with transferrin as determined by confocal microscopy, indicating that clathrin-mediated endocytosis was not involved in THY-1-associated virus entry. These results suggest that HCMV has adapted to utilize THY-1, a cargo protein of clathrin-independent endocytotic vesicles, to facilitate efficient entry into certain cell types by a macropinocytosis-like process. IMPORTANCE Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infects over half of the population and is the most common infectious cause of birth defects. The virus is the most important infection occurring in transplant recipients. The mechanism of how HCMV enters cells is controversial. In this study, we show that THY-1, a cell surface protein that is critical for the early stage of entry of HCMV into certain cell types, contributes to virus entry by macropinocytosis. Our findings suggest that HCMV has adapted to utilize THY-1 to facilitate entry of HCMV into macropinosomes in certain cell types. Further knowledge about the mechanism of HCMV entry into cells may facilitate the development of novel inhibitors of virus infection. PMID:27558416

Locating the scala media in the fixed human temporal bone for therapeutic access: a preliminary study.

PubMed

Pau, H; Fagan, P; Oleskevich, S

2006-11-01

To investigate the location of the scala media in relation to the round window niche in human temporal bones. Ten human temporal bones were investigated by radical mastoidectomy and promontory drill-out. Temporal bone laboratory. The distance from the scala media to the anterior edge of the round window niche, measured by Fisch's stapedectomy measuring cylinders. The scala media was identified at the transection point of a vertical line 1.6 to 2.2 mm (mean=1.8 mm; standard deviation=0.2) anterior to the anterior edge of the round window niche and a horizontal line 0.2 mm inferior to the lower border of the oval window. This report demonstrates the point of entry into the scala media via the promontory in fixed temporal bone models, which may provide a site of entry for stem cells and gene therapy insertion.

Using speech recognition to enhance the Tongue Drive System functionality in computer access.

PubMed

Huo, Xueliang; Ghovanloo, Maysam

2011-01-01

Tongue Drive System (TDS) is a wireless tongue operated assistive technology (AT), which can enable people with severe physical disabilities to access computers and drive powered wheelchairs using their volitional tongue movements. TDS offers six discrete commands, simultaneously available to the users, for pointing and typing as a substitute for mouse and keyboard in computer access, respectively. To enhance the TDS performance in typing, we have added a microphone, an audio codec, and a wireless audio link to its readily available 3-axial magnetic sensor array, and combined it with a commercially available speech recognition software, the Dragon Naturally Speaking, which is regarded as one of the most efficient ways for text entry. Our preliminary evaluations indicate that the combined TDS and speech recognition technologies can provide end users with significantly higher performance than using each technology alone, particularly in completing tasks that require both pointing and text entry, such as web surfing.

Arthroscopic approach and anatomy of the hip.

PubMed

Aprato, Alessandro; Giachino, Matteo; Masse, Alessandro

2016-01-01

Hip arthroscopy has gained popularity among the orthopedic community and a precise assessment of indications, techniques and results is constantly brought on. In this chapter the principal standard entry portals for central and peripheral compartment are discussed. The description starts from the superficial landmarks for portals placement and continues with the deep layers. For each entry point an illustration of the main structures encountered is provided and the principal structures at risk for different portals are accurately examined. Articular anatomical description is carried out from the arthroscope point of view and sub-divided into central and peripheral compartment. The two compartments are systematically analyzed and the accessible articular areas for each portal explained. Moreover, some anatomical variations that can be found in the normal hip are reported. The anatomical knowledge of the hip joint along with a precise notion of the structures encountered with the arthroscope is an essential requirement for a secure and successful surgery. Level of evidence: V.

Solution of an optimal control lifting body entry problem by an improved method of perturbation functions

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Garcia, F., Jr.

1975-01-01

This paper presents a solution to a complex lifting reentry three-degree-of-freedom problem by using the calculus of variations to minimize the integral of the sum of the aerodynamics loads and heat rate input to the vehicle. The entry problem considered does not have state and/or control constraints along the trajectory. The calculus of variations method applied to this problem gives rise to a set of necessary conditions which are used to formulate a two point boundary value (TPBV) problem. This TPBV problem is then numerically solved by an improved method of perturbation functions (IMPF) using several starting co-state vectors. These vectors were chosen so that each one had a larger norm with respect to show how the envelope of convergence is significantly increased using this method and cases are presented to point this out.

More Satisfying Than Factory Work: An Analysis of Mental Health Nursing Using a Print Media Archive.

PubMed

Molloy, Luke; Lakeman, Richard; Walker, Kim

2016-08-01

The move towards comprehensive nurse training in Australia thirty years ago continues to trouble many of its mental health nurses. It has been viewed as a failure by many and the profession has been judged by some commentators to have lost its preparedness for specialist care. Discourse put forward to support this negative evaluation usually centres on the recruitment of mental health nurses and a limited interest among student nurses to undertake mental health nursing because of their negative opinions towards it. Emerging from a larger ethnographic research project focused on mental health nursing practice in Australia, this article presents an analysis of the profession's current circumstances using historical print media. As we move further from the era of direct entry, specialist training, the article notes the development of assumptions within the profession. These include the idea that mental health nurses received better training in direct entry, specialist programs, and therefore were better prepared for their specialist roles. The article puts forward a critique that challenges this. The article argues the most profound change faced by the profession is the erosion of the mental health nursing identity in Australia. The loss of the stand-alone hospital system, direct entry specialist training, and specialist professional registration have left mental health nursing with a growing uncertainty about itself as the profession evolves into its (mostly) post-mental institution world. At a time when the specialty of mental health nursing is experiencing serious staff shortages throughout the developed world, the article points to the importance of using historical sources to contextualize our present circumstances.

Histopathological detection of entry and exit holes in human skin wounds caused by firearms.

PubMed

Baptista, Marcus Vinícius; d'Ávila, Solange C G P; d'Ávila, Antônio Miguel M P

2014-07-01

The judiciary needs forensic medicine to determine the difference between an entry hole and an exit hole in human skin caused by firearms for civilian use. This important information would be most useful if a practical and accurate method could be done with low-cost and minimal technological resources. Both macroscopic and microscopic analyses were performed on skin lesions caused by firearm projectiles, to establish histological features of 14 entry holes and 14 exit holes. Microscopically, in the abrasion area macroscopically observed, there were signs of burns (sub-epidermal cracks and keratinocyte necrosis) in the entrance holes in all cases. These signs were not found in three exit holes which showed an abrasion collar, nor in other exit holes. Some other microscopic features not found in every case were limited either to entry holes, such as cotton fibres, grease deposits, or tattooing in the dermis, or to exit holes, such as adipose tissue, bone or muscle tissue in the dermis. Coagulative necrosis of keratinocytes and sub-epidermal cracks are characteristic of entry holes. Despite the small sample size, it can be safely inferred that this is an important microscopic finding, among others less consistently found, to define an entry hole in questionable cases. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd and Faculty of Forensic and Legal Medicine. All rights reserved.

An assessment of the impact of transition on advanced winged entry vehicle thermal protection system mass

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Wurster, K. E.

1981-01-01

This study examines the impact of turbulent heating on thermal protection system (TPS) mass for advanced winged entry vehicles. Four basic systems are considered: insulative, metallic hot structures, metallic standoff, and hybrid systems. TPS sizings are performed using entry trajectories tailored specifically to the characteristics of each TPS concept under consideration. Comparisons are made between systems previously sized under the assumption of all laminar heating and those sized using a baseline estimate of transition and turbulent heating. The relative effect of different transition criteria on TPS mass requirements is also examined. Also investigated are entry trajectories tailored to alleviate turbulent heating. Results indicate the significant impact of turbulent heating on TPS mass and demonstrate the importance of both accurate transition criteria and entry trajectory tailoring.

Mission and Navigation Design for the 2009 Mars Science Laboratory Mission

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

D'Amario, Louis A.

2008-01-01

NASA s Mars Science Laboratory mission will launch the next mobile science laboratory to Mars in the fall of 2009 with arrival at Mars occurring in the summer of 2010. A heat shield, parachute, and rocket-powered descent stage, including a sky crane, will be used to land the rover safely on the surface of Mars. The direction of the atmospheric entry vehicle lift vector will be controlled by a hypersonic entry guidance algorithm to compensate for entry trajectory errors and counteract atmospheric and aerodynamic dispersions. The key challenges for mission design are (1) develop a launch/arrival strategy that provides communications coverage during the Entry, Descent, and Landing phase either from an X-band direct-to-Earth link or from a Ultra High Frequency link to the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter for landing latitudes between 30 deg North and 30 deg South, while satisfying mission constraints on Earth departure energy and Mars atmospheric entry speed, and (2) generate Earth-departure targets for the Atlas V-541 launch vehicle for the specified launch/arrival strategy. The launch/arrival strategy employs a 30-day baseline launch period and a 27-day extended launch period with varying arrival dates at Mars. The key challenges for navigation design are (1) deliver the spacecraft to the atmospheric entry interface point (Mars radius of 3522.2 km) with an inertial entry flight path angle error of +/- 0.20 deg (3 sigma), (2) provide knowledge of the entry state vector accurate to +/- 2.8 km (3 sigma) in position and +/- 2.0 m/s (3 sigma) in velocity for initializing the entry guidance algorithm, and (3) ensure a 99% probability of successful delivery at Mars with respect to available cruise stage propellant. Orbit determination is accomplished via ground processing of multiple complimentary radiometric data types: Doppler, range, and Delta-Differential One-way Ranging (a Very Long Baseline Interferometry measurement). The navigation strategy makes use of up to five interplanetary trajectory correction maneuvers to achieve entry targeting requirements. The requirements for cruise propellant usage and atmospheric entry targeting and knowledge are met with ample margins.

Source Distributions of Substorm Ions Observed in the Near-Earth Magnetotail

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Ashour-Abdalla, M.; El-Alaoui, M.; Peroomian, V.; Walker, R. J.; Raeder, J.; Frank, L. A.; Paterson, W. R.

1999-01-01

This study employs Geotail plasma observations and numerical modeling to determine sources of the ions observed in the near-Earth magnetotail near midnight during a substorm. The growth phase has the low-latitude boundary layer as its most important source of ions at Geotail, but during the expansion phase the plasma mantle is dominant. The mantle distribution shows evidence of two distinct entry mechanisms: entry through a high latitude reconnection region resulting in an accelerated component, and entry through open field lines traditionally identified with the mantle source. The two entry mechanisms are separated in time, with the high-latitude reconnection region disappearing prior to substorm onset.

Neural and Neural Gray-Box Modeling for Entry Temperature Prediction in a Hot Strip Mill

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Barrios, José Angel; Torres-Alvarado, Miguel; Cavazos, Alberto; Leduc, Luis

2011-10-01

In hot strip mills, initial controller set points have to be calculated before the steel bar enters the mill. Calculations rely on the good knowledge of rolling variables. Measurements are available only after the bar has entered the mill, and therefore they have to be estimated. Estimation of process variables, particularly that of temperature, is of crucial importance for the bar front section to fulfill quality requirements, and the same must be performed in the shortest possible time to preserve heat. Currently, temperature estimation is performed by physical modeling; however, it is highly affected by measurement uncertainties, variations in the incoming bar conditions, and final product changes. In order to overcome these problems, artificial intelligence techniques such as artificial neural networks and fuzzy logic have been proposed. In this article, neural network-based systems, including neural-based Gray-Box models, are applied to estimate scale breaker entry temperature, given its importance, and their performance is compared to that of the physical model used in plant. Several neural systems and several neural-based Gray-Box models are designed and tested with real data. Taking advantage of the flexibility of neural networks for input incorporation, several factors which are believed to have influence on the process are also tested. The systems proposed in this study were proven to have better performance indexes and hence better prediction capabilities than the physical models currently used in plant.

Effects of placement point of background music on shopping website.

PubMed

Lai, Chien-Jung; Chiang, Chia-Chi

2012-01-01

Consumer on-line behaviors are more important than ever due to highly growth of on-line shopping. The purposes of this study were to design placement methods of background music for shopping website and examine the effect on browsers' emotional and cognitive response. Three placement points of background music during the browsing, i.e. 2 min., 4 min., and 6 min. from the start of browsing were considered for entry points. Both browsing without music (no music) and browsing with constant music volume (full music) were treated as control groups. Participants' emotional state, approach-avoidance behavior intention, and action to adjust music volume were collected. Results showed that participants had a higher level of pleasure, arousal and approach behavior intention for the three placement points than for no music and full music. Most of the participants for full music (5/6) adjusted the background music. Only 16.7% (3/18) participants for other levels turn off the background music. The results indicate that playing background music after the start of browsing is benefit for on-line shopping atmosphere. It is inappropriate to place background music at the start of browsing shopping website. The marketer must manipulated placement methods of background music for a web store carefully.

A Survey of Supersonic Retropropulsion Technology for Mars Entry, Descent, and Landing

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Korzun, Ashley M.; Cruz, Juan R.; Braun, Robert D.

2007-01-01

This paper presents a literature survey on supersonic retropropulsion technology as it applies to Mars entry, descent, and landing (EDL). The relevance of this technology to the feasibility of Mars EDL is shown to increase with ballistic coefficient to the point that it is likely required for human Mars exploration. The use of retropropulsion to decelerate an entry vehicle from hypersonic or supersonic conditions to a subsonic velocity is the primary focus of this review. Discussed are systems-level studies, general flowfield characteristics, static aerodynamics, vehicle and flowfield stability considerations, and aerothermodynamics. The experimental and computational approaches used to develop retropropulsion technology are also reviewed. Finally, the applicability and limitations of the existing literature and current state-of-the-art computational tools to future missions are discussed in the context of human and robotic Mars exploration.

KSC-01pp1273

NASA Image and Video Library

2001-07-11

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, Fla. -- Space Shuttle Atlantis is ready for final launch preparations. The orbiter access arm is extended to the orbiter to allow entry into Atlantis. The White Room at the end is the point of entry, and is an environmentally controlled room where the Shuttle crew have final adjustments made to their launch and entry suits. At the lower end of Atlantis are the tail service masts, in front of either wing. The masts support the fluid, gas and electrical requirements of the orbiter’s liquid oxygen and liquid hydrogen aft T-0 umbilicals. Viewed in the background is the Atlantic Ocean. Launch on mission STS-104 is scheduled for 5:04 a.m. July 12. The launch is the 10th assembly flight to the International Space Station. Along with a crew of five, Atlantis will carry the joint airlock module as primary payload

19 CFR 143.44 - RLF procedure.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... transmission of invoice data. For RLF transactions, a customs broker or importer of record must transmit electronically, using EIP, any invoice data required by CBP. (b) Electronic transmission of payment. For RLF...) Automation requirements. Only those entries and entry summaries that CBP processes completely in an...

9 CFR 93.805 - Ports of entry, inspection, and treatment. 1

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

...; REQUIREMENTS FOR MEANS OF CONVEYANCE AND SHIPPING CONTAINERS Elephants, Hippopotami, Rhinoceroses, and Tapirs... the U.S. Department of the Interior regulations relevant to the importation of elephants, hippopotami, rhinoceroses, and tapirs, including regulations concerning ports of entry. (a) An elephant, hippopotamus...

9 CFR 93.805 - Ports of entry, inspection, and treatment. 1

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

...; REQUIREMENTS FOR MEANS OF CONVEYANCE AND SHIPPING CONTAINERS Elephants, Hippopotami, Rhinoceroses, and Tapirs... the U.S. Department of the Interior regulations relevant to the importation of elephants, hippopotami, rhinoceroses, and tapirs, including regulations concerning ports of entry. (a) An elephant, hippopotamus...

9 CFR 93.805 - Ports of entry, inspection, and treatment. 1

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

...; REQUIREMENTS FOR MEANS OF CONVEYANCE AND SHIPPING CONTAINERS Elephants, Hippopotami, Rhinoceroses, and Tapirs... the U.S. Department of the Interior regulations relevant to the importation of elephants, hippopotami, rhinoceroses, and tapirs, including regulations concerning ports of entry. (a) An elephant, hippopotamus...

9 CFR 93.805 - Ports of entry, inspection, and treatment. 1

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

...; REQUIREMENTS FOR MEANS OF CONVEYANCE AND SHIPPING CONTAINERS Elephants, Hippopotami, Rhinoceroses, and Tapirs... the U.S. Department of the Interior regulations relevant to the importation of elephants, hippopotami, rhinoceroses, and tapirs, including regulations concerning ports of entry. (a) An elephant, hippopotamus...

9 CFR 93.805 - Ports of entry, inspection, and treatment. 1

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

...; REQUIREMENTS FOR MEANS OF CONVEYANCE AND SHIPPING CONTAINERS Elephants, Hippopotami, Rhinoceroses, and Tapirs... the U.S. Department of the Interior regulations relevant to the importation of elephants, hippopotami, rhinoceroses, and tapirs, including regulations concerning ports of entry. (a) An elephant, hippopotamus...

7 CFR 322.35 - Ports of entry.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 5 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Ports of entry. 322.35 Section 322.35 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) ANIMAL AND PLANT HEALTH INSPECTION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE BEES, BEEKEEPING BYPRODUCTS, AND BEEKEEPING EQUIPMENT Importation and Transit of...

7 CFR 322.10 - Inspection; refusal of entry.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE BEES, BEEKEEPING BYPRODUCTS, AND BEEKEEPING EQUIPMENT Importation of Adult Honeybees, Honeybee Germ Plasm, and Bees Other Than Honeybees From Approved Regions § 322.10 Inspection; refusal of entry. (a) Shipments of honeybees, honeybee germ plasm, and bees other than honeybees...

7 CFR 322.19 - Inspection; refusal of entry.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 5 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Inspection; refusal of entry. 322.19 Section 322.19 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) ANIMAL AND PLANT HEALTH INSPECTION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE BEES, BEEKEEPING BYPRODUCTS, AND BEEKEEPING EQUIPMENT Importation of...

7 CFR 322.34 - Inspection; refusal of entry.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 5 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Inspection; refusal of entry. 322.34 Section 322.34 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) ANIMAL AND PLANT HEALTH INSPECTION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE BEES, BEEKEEPING BYPRODUCTS, AND BEEKEEPING EQUIPMENT Importation and...

7 CFR 322.35 - Ports of entry.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 5 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Ports of entry. 322.35 Section 322.35 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) ANIMAL AND PLANT HEALTH INSPECTION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE BEES, BEEKEEPING BYPRODUCTS, AND BEEKEEPING EQUIPMENT Importation and Transit of...

7 CFR 322.10 - Inspection; refusal of entry.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE BEES, BEEKEEPING BYPRODUCTS, AND BEEKEEPING EQUIPMENT Importation of Adult Honeybees, Honeybee Germ Plasm, and Bees Other Than Honeybees From Approved Regions § 322.10 Inspection; refusal of entry. (a) Shipments of honeybees, honeybee germ plasm, and bees other than honeybees...

7 CFR 322.10 - Inspection; refusal of entry.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE BEES, BEEKEEPING BYPRODUCTS, AND BEEKEEPING EQUIPMENT Importation of Adult Honeybees, Honeybee Germ Plasm, and Bees Other Than Honeybees From Approved Regions § 322.10 Inspection; refusal of entry. (a) Shipments of honeybees, honeybee germ plasm, and bees other than honeybees...

7 CFR 322.34 - Inspection; refusal of entry.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 5 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Inspection; refusal of entry. 322.34 Section 322.34 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) ANIMAL AND PLANT HEALTH INSPECTION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE BEES, BEEKEEPING BYPRODUCTS, AND BEEKEEPING EQUIPMENT Importation and...

7 CFR 322.19 - Inspection; refusal of entry.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 5 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Inspection; refusal of entry. 322.19 Section 322.19 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) ANIMAL AND PLANT HEALTH INSPECTION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE BEES, BEEKEEPING BYPRODUCTS, AND BEEKEEPING EQUIPMENT Importation of...

7 CFR 322.19 - Inspection; refusal of entry.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 5 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Inspection; refusal of entry. 322.19 Section 322.19 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) ANIMAL AND PLANT HEALTH INSPECTION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE BEES, BEEKEEPING BYPRODUCTS, AND BEEKEEPING EQUIPMENT Importation of...

7 CFR 322.19 - Inspection; refusal of entry.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 5 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Inspection; refusal of entry. 322.19 Section 322.19 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) ANIMAL AND PLANT HEALTH INSPECTION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE BEES, BEEKEEPING BYPRODUCTS, AND BEEKEEPING EQUIPMENT Importation of...

7 CFR 322.19 - Inspection; refusal of entry.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 5 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Inspection; refusal of entry. 322.19 Section 322.19 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) ANIMAL AND PLANT HEALTH INSPECTION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE BEES, BEEKEEPING BYPRODUCTS, AND BEEKEEPING EQUIPMENT Importation of...

7 CFR 322.35 - Ports of entry.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 5 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Ports of entry. 322.35 Section 322.35 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) ANIMAL AND PLANT HEALTH INSPECTION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE BEES, BEEKEEPING BYPRODUCTS, AND BEEKEEPING EQUIPMENT Importation and Transit of...

7 CFR 322.10 - Inspection; refusal of entry.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE BEES, BEEKEEPING BYPRODUCTS, AND BEEKEEPING EQUIPMENT Importation of Adult Honeybees, Honeybee Germ Plasm, and Bees Other Than Honeybees From Approved Regions § 322.10 Inspection; refusal of entry. (a) Shipments of honeybees, honeybee germ plasm, and bees other than honeybees...