77 FR 56912 - Proposed Collection; Comment Request for Form 2438

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-09-14

... Program for SIMPLE IRAs; Revenue Procedure 2006-30, Restaurant Tips--Attributed Tip Income Program (ATIP... Reporting Burden Hours: 25,870. (3) Title: Restaurant Tips--Attributed Tip Income Program (ATIP). OMB Number...

Nonlinear Aerodynamics and the Design of Wing Tips

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Kroo, Ilan

1991-01-01

The analysis and design of wing tips for fixed wing and rotary wing aircraft still remains part art, part science. Although the design of airfoil sections and basic planform geometry is well developed, the tip regions require more detailed consideration. This is important because of the strong impact of wing tip flow on wing drag; although the tip region constitutes a small portion of the wing, its effect on the drag can be significant. The induced drag of a wing is, for a given lift and speed, inversely proportional to the square of the wing span. Concepts are proposed as a means of reducing drag. Modern computational methods provide a tool for studying these issues in greater detail. The purpose of the current research program is to improve the understanding of the fundamental issues involved in the design of wing tips and to develop the range of computational and experimental tools needed for further study of these ideas.

Benefits of Improved HP Turbine Active Clearance Control

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Ruiz, Rafael; Albers, Bob; Sak, Wojciech; Seitzer, Ken; Steinetz, Bruce M.

2007-01-01

As part of the NASA Propulsion 21 program, GE Aircraft Engines was contracted to develop an improved high pressure turbine(HPT) active clearance control (ACC) system. The system is envisioned to minimize blade tip clearances to improve HPT efficiency throughout the engine operation range simultaneously reducing fuel consumption and emissions.

TIP: protein backtranslation aided by genetic algorithms.

PubMed

Moreira, Andrés; Maass, Alejandro

2004-09-01

Several applications require the backtranslation of a protein sequence into a nucleic acid sequence. The degeneracy of the genetic code makes this process ambiguous; moreover, not every translation is equally viable. The usual answer is to mimic the codon usage of the target species; however, this does not capture all the relevant features of the 'genomic styles' from different taxa. The program TIP ' Traducción Inversa de Proteínas') applies genetic algorithms to improve the backtranslation, by minimizing the difference of some coding statistics with respect to their average value in the target. http://www.cmm.uchile.cl/genoma/tip/

Implementing Guided Pathways: Tips and Tools

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bailey, Thomas; Jaggars, Shanna Smith; Jenkins, Davis

2015-01-01

A growing number of community colleges and four-year universities are seeking to improve student outcomes by redesigning academic programs and student support services following the guided pathways approach. These institutions are mapping out highly structured, educationally coherent program pathways for students to follow by starting with the end…

Probabilistic structural analysis methods for improving Space Shuttle engine reliability

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Boyce, L.

1989-01-01

Probabilistic structural analysis methods are particularly useful in the design and analysis of critical structural components and systems that operate in very severe and uncertain environments. These methods have recently found application in space propulsion systems to improve the structural reliability of Space Shuttle Main Engine (SSME) components. A computer program, NESSUS, based on a deterministic finite-element program and a method of probabilistic analysis (fast probability integration) provides probabilistic structural analysis for selected SSME components. While computationally efficient, it considers both correlated and nonnormal random variables as well as an implicit functional relationship between independent and dependent variables. The program is used to determine the response of a nickel-based superalloy SSME turbopump blade. Results include blade tip displacement statistics due to the variability in blade thickness, modulus of elasticity, Poisson's ratio or density. Modulus of elasticity significantly contributed to blade tip variability while Poisson's ratio did not. Thus, a rational method for choosing parameters to be modeled as random is provided.

Army Hearing Program Talking Points Calendar Year 2016

DTIC Science & Technology

2017-09-12

Reserve ARMY HEARING PROGRAM TALKING POINTS CALENDAR YEAR 2016 TIP No. 51-065-0817 2 BACKGROUND Hearing health in the Army has improved...over time, largely due to the dedicated work of hearing health experts. However, noise-induced hearing loss and associated problems have not been...eliminated. The Army Hearing Program continually evolves to address hearing health challenges, and maintains the momentum to build iteratively upon

An improved computer program for calculating the theoretical performance parameters of a propeller type wind turbine. An appendix to the final report on feasibility of using wind power to pump irrigation water (Texas). [PROP Code

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Barieau, R.E.

1977-03-01

The PROP Program of Wilson and Lissaman has been modified by adding the Newton-Raphson Method and a Step Wise Search Method, as options for the method of solution. In addition, an optimization method is included. Twist angles, tip speed ratio and the pitch angle may be varied to produce maximum power coefficient. The computer program listing is presented along with sample input and output data. Further improvements to the program are discussed.

Worksite wellness: increasing adoption of workplace health promotion programs.

PubMed

Michaels, Carol Noel; Greene, Amanda Marie

2013-07-01

Worksite wellness programs are important interventions to protect and promote employee health. They help reduce direct and indirect health care costs, absenteeism, and presenteeism; avoid illness or injury; and improve the quality of work life and morale. This Tool introduces key concepts and strategic tips for planning workplace-based wellness programs rather than individual health promotion events, while highlighting organizational change and development theories central to introducing and implementing effective proactive worksite wellness programs.

Laser-only Adaptive Optics Achieves Significant Image Quality Gains Compared to Seeing-limited Observations over the Entire Sky

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Howard, Ward S.; Law, Nicholas M.; Ziegler, Carl A.; Baranec, Christoph; Riddle, Reed

2018-02-01

Adaptive optics laser guide-star systems perform atmospheric correction of stellar wavefronts in two parts: stellar tip-tilt and high-spatial-order laser correction. The requirement of a sufficiently bright guide star in the field-of-view to correct tip-tilt limits sky coverage. In this paper, we show an improvement to effective seeing without the need for nearby bright stars, enabling full sky coverage by performing only laser-assisted wavefront correction. We used Robo-AO, the first robotic AO system, to comprehensively demonstrate this laser-only correction. We analyze observations from four years of efficient robotic operation covering 15000 targets and 42000 observations, each realizing different seeing conditions. Using an autoguider (or a post-processing software equivalent) and the laser to improve effective seeing independent of the brightness of a target, Robo-AO observations show a 39% ± 19% improvement to effective FWHM, without any tip-tilt correction. We also demonstrate that 50% encircled energy performance without tip-tilt correction remains comparable to diffraction-limited, standard Robo-AO performance. Faint-target science programs primarily limited by 50% encircled energy (e.g., those employing integral field spectrographs placed behind the AO system) may see significant benefits to sky coverage from employing laser-only AO.

Development program on a cold cathode electron gun

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Spindt, C. A.; Holland, C. E.

1985-01-01

During this phase of the cathode development program, SRI improved the multiple electron beam exposure system used to print hole patterns for the cathode arrays, studied anisotropic etch processes, conducted cathode investigations using an emission microscope, reviewed possible alternate materials for cathode fabrication, studied cathode storage techniques, conducted high power operation experiments, and demonstrated high-current-density operation with small arrays of tips.

CFC (Comment-First-Coding)--A Simple yet Effective Method for Teaching Programming to Information Systems Students

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Sengupta, Arijit

2009-01-01

Programming courses have always been a difficult part of an Information Systems curriculum. While we do not train Information Systems students to be developers, understanding how to build a system always gives students an added perspective to improve their system design and analysis skills. This teaching tip presents CFC (Comment-First-Coding)--a…

Smart helicopter rotor with active blade tips

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bernhard, Andreas Paul Friedrich

2000-10-01

The smart active blade tip (SABT) rotor is an on-blade rotor vibration reduction system, incorporating active blade tips that can be independently pitched with respect to the main blade. The active blade tip rotor development included an experimental test program culminating in a Mach scale hover test, and a parallel development of a coupled, elastic actuator and rotor blade analysis for preliminary design studies and hover performance prediction. The experimental testing focussed on a small scale rotor on a bearingless Bell-412 hub. The fabricated Mach-scale active-tip rotor has a diameter of 1.524 m, a blade chord of 76.2 mm and incorporated a 10% span active tip. The nominal operating speed is 2000 rpm, giving a tip Mach number of 0.47. The blade tips are driven by a novel piezo-induced bending-torsion coupled actuator beam, located spanwise in the hollow mid-cell of the main rotor blade. In hover at 2000 rpm, at 2 deg collective, and for an actuation of 125 Vrms, the measured blade tip deflection at the first four rotor harmonics is between +/-1.7 and +/-2.8 deg, increasing to +/-5.3 deg at 5/rev with resonant amplification. The corresponding oscillatory amplitude of the rotor thrust coefficient is between 0.7 · 10-3 and 1.3 · 10-1 at the first four rotor harmonics, increasing to 2.1 · 10-3 at 5/rev. In general, the experimental blade tip frequency response and corresponding rotor thrust response are well captured by the analysis. The flexbeam root flap bending moment is predicted in trend, but is significantly over-estimated. The blade tips did not deflect as expected at high collective settings, because of the blade tip shaft locking up in the bearing. This is caused by the high flap bending moment on the blade tip shaft. Redesign of the blade tip shaft assembly and bearing support is identified as the primary design improvement for future research. The active blade tip rotor was also used as a testbed for the evaluation of an adaptive neural-network based control algorithm. Effective background vibration reduction of an intentional 1/rev hover imbalance was demonstrated. The control algorithm also showed the capability to generate desired multi-frequency control loads on the hub, based on artificial signal injection into the vibration measurement. The research program demonstrates the technical feasibility of the active blade tip concept for vibration reduction and warrants further investigation in terms of closed loop forward flight tests in the windtunnel and full scale design studies.

75 FR 66739 - Technology Innovation Program (TIP) Seeks White Papers

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-10-29

... network analyses in the following areas--sustainable manufacturing models, resource management and... manufacturing, all endeavors require energy as input. Escalating energy demands throughout the world can lead to... such as: Technologies for improved manufacturing of critical components for alternative energy...

CF6 jet engine performance improvement: New fan

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Fasching, W. A.

1980-01-01

As part of the NASA sponsored engine component improvement program, and fan package was developed to reduce fuel consumption in current CF6 turbofan aircraft engine. The new fan package consist of an improved fan blade, reduced fan tip clearance due to a fan case stiffener, and a smooth fan casing tip shroud. CF6 engine performance and acoustic tests demonstrated the predicted 1.8% improvement in cruise sfc without an increase in engine noise. Power management thrust/fan speed characteristics were defined. Mechanical and structural integrity was demonstrated in model fan rotor photoelastic stress tests, full-size fan blade bench fatigue tests, and CF6 engine bird ingestion, crosswind, and cyclic endurance tests. The fan was certified in the CF6-500c2/E2 engines and is in commerical service on the Boeing 747-200, Douglas DC-10-30, and Atrbus industrie A300B aircraft.

Pile/shaft designs using artificial neural networks (i.e., genetic programming) with spatial variability considerations : [summary].

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2014-03-01

In this project, University of Florida researchers : sought to improve the unit skin friction and tip : resistance correlations embedded in the FB-Deep : software algorithm for estimating driven pile and : drilled shaft resistance. They utilized an a...

Successful Solutions to SSME/AT Development Turbine Blade Distress

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Montgomery, Stuart K.

1999-01-01

As part of the High-Pressure Fuel Turbopump/Alternate Turbopump (HPFTP/AT) turbine blade development program, unique turbine blade design features were implemented to address 2nd stage turbine blade high cycle fatigue distress and improve turbine robustness. Features included the addition of platform featherseal dampers, asymmetric blade tip seal segments, gold plating of the blade attachments, and airfoil tip trailing edge modifications. Development testing shows these features have eliminated turbine blade high cycle fatigue distress and consequently these features are currently planned for incorporation to the flight configuration. Certification testing will begin in 1999. This presentation summarizes these features.

Theoretical Study of tip apex electronic structure in Scanning Tunneling Microscope

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Choi, Heesung; Huang, Min; Randall, John; Cho, Kyeongjae

2011-03-01

Scanning Tunneling Microscope (STM) has been widely used to explore diverse surface properties with an atomic resolution, and STM tip has played a critical role in controlling surface structures. However, detailed information of atomic and electronic structure of STM tip and the fundamental understanding of STM images are still incomplete. Therefore, it is important to develop a comprehensive understanding of the electronic structure of STM tip. We have studied the atomic and electronic structures of STM tip with various transition metals (TMs) by DFT method. The d-electrons of TM tip apex atoms show different orbital states near the Fermi level. We will present comprehensive data of STM tips from our DFT calculation. Verified quantification of the tip electronic structures will lead to fundamental understanding of STM tip structure-property relationship. This work is supported by the DARPA TBN Program and the Texas ETF. DARPA Tip Based Nanofabrication Program and the Emerging Technology Fund of the State of Texas.

Tips on Mainstreaming: Do's and Don'ts in Activity Programs.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Practical Pointers, 1978

1978-01-01

The document provides 10 brief articles on activities for mainstreamed handicapped students. Included are the following titles: "Tips on Mainstreaminq--Do's and Don'ts for Activity Programs;""Mainstreaming--A Goal and A Process;""What To Do When You Meet a Handicapped Person;""Tips for Dealing with Handicapped Persons;""Relatinq to Orthopedically…

Six Tips for Successful IEP Meetings

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Diliberto, Jennifer A.; Brewer, Denise

2012-01-01

Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act (IDEIA, 2004) mandates that each student with a disability has an individualized education program (IEP). The IEP serves as the curriculum roadmap for special education services. In order to generate a clear roadmap, full team communication is necessary. The purpose of this paper is to…

Pile/shaft designs using artificial neural networks (i.e., genetic programming) with spatial variability considerations.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2014-03-01

The work focused on the improvement of FB-DEEPs prediction of skin and tip resistance of concrete : piles and drilled shafts in Florida. For the work, data from 19 concrete pile sites and 18 drilled shaft sites were : collected. This included 458 ...

Methamphetamine

MedlinePlus

... OPERATIONS Diversion Control Programs Most Wanted Fugitives Training Intelligence Submit a Tip DRUG INFO Drug Fact Sheets ... Operations Diversion Control Programs Most Wanted Fugitives Training Intelligence Submit a Tip Drug Info Drug Fact Sheets ...

Narcotics

MedlinePlus

... OPERATIONS Diversion Control Programs Most Wanted Fugitives Training Intelligence Submit a Tip DRUG INFO Drug Fact Sheets ... Operations Diversion Control Programs Most Wanted Fugitives Training Intelligence Submit a Tip Drug Info Drug Fact Sheets ...

Hydrocodone

MedlinePlus

... OPERATIONS Diversion Control Programs Most Wanted Fugitives Training Intelligence Submit a Tip DRUG INFO Drug Fact Sheets ... Operations Diversion Control Programs Most Wanted Fugitives Training Intelligence Submit a Tip Drug Info Drug Fact Sheets ...

Heroin Photos

MedlinePlus

... OPERATIONS Diversion Control Programs Most Wanted Fugitives Training Intelligence Submit a Tip DRUG INFO Drug Fact Sheets ... Operations Diversion Control Programs Most Wanted Fugitives Training Intelligence Submit a Tip Drug Info Drug Fact Sheets ...

Resource Kit Tips for Teaching Textiles and Clothing.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

New York State Education Dept., Albany. Bureau of Continuing Education Curriculum Development.

This kit has been designed to acquaint the instructor of adult textiles and clothing programs with some of the teaching aids that might be used to improve the learning process. The main parts of the publication include: Preparing and Using Transparencies; Developing a Learning Experience Using a Transparency; A Master Transparency with Overlays;…

Tip Sheet for SEAs: Engaging Parents and Family Members in Postschool Outcome Stakeholder Groups

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

National Post-School Outcomes Center, 2013

2013-01-01

Involving parents and other family representatives in the Indicator B-14 Post-School Outcomes (PSO) Survey activities can help State Education Agencies (SEAs) develop strategies to increase annual response rates, communicate results to stakeholders, and build support for program improvement and systems change. Perspectives expressed by families of…

78 FR 16785 - Approval and Promulgation of Air Quality Implementation Plans; Ohio; Cleveland-Akron-Lorain and...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-03-19

... mobile source emissions for criteria pollutants and/or their precursors to address pollution from cars, trucks and other on-road vehicles. These mobile source SIP budgets are the portions of the total...(c) of the CAA, transportation plans, Transportation Improvement Programs (TIPs), and transportation...

77 FR 20577 - Approval and Promulgation of Air Quality Implementation Plans; Indiana; Central Indiana...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-04-05

... demonstration SIP revisions) and maintenance plans include budgets of on-road mobile source emissions for... 62188). Under section 176(c) of the CAA, transportation plans, Transportation Improvement Programs (TIPs... margin. Table 4.1-A in the submittal demonstrates how mobile source emissions decline from the attainment...

77 FR 75384 - Approval and Promulgation of Air Quality Implementation Plans; Indiana; Delaware County (Muncie...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-12-20

..., state and Federal agencies in determining whether transportation activities conform to the SIP as... reflected in MOBILE6.2. Under section 176(c) of the Clean Air Act (CAA), transportation plans, Transportation Improvement Programs (TIPs), and transportation projects must ``conform'' to (i.e., be consistent...

Methamphetamine Lab Incidents, 2004-2014

MedlinePlus

... OPERATIONS Diversion Control Programs Most Wanted Fugitives Training Intelligence Submit a Tip DRUG INFO Drug Fact Sheets ... Operations Diversion Control Programs Most Wanted Fugitives Training Intelligence Submit a Tip Drug Info Drug Fact Sheets ...

JT8D revised high-pressure turbine cooling and other outer air seal program

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Gaffin, W. O.

1979-01-01

The JT8D high pressure turbine was revised to reduce leakage between the blade tip shrouds and the outer air seal, and engine testing was performed to determine the effect on performance. The addition of a second knife-edge on the blade tip shroud, the extension of the honeycomb seal land to cover the added knife-edge and an existing spoiler on the shroud, and a material substitution in the seal support ring to improve thermal growth characteristics are included. A relocation of the blade cooling air discharge to insure adequate cooling flow is required. Significant specific fuel consumption and exhaust gas temperature improvements were demonstrated with the revised turbine in sea level and simulated altitude engine tests. Inspection of the revised seal hardware after these tests showed no unusual wear or degradation.

Chemically etched fiber tips for near-field optical microscopy: a process for smoother tips.

PubMed

Lambelet, P; Sayah, A; Pfeffer, M; Philipona, C; Marquis-Weible, F

1998-11-01

An improved method for producing fiber tips for scanning near-field optical microscopy is presented. The improvement consists of chemically etching quartz optical fibers through their acrylate jacket. This new method is compared with the previous one in which bare fibers were etched. With the new process the meniscus formed by the acid along the fiber does not move during etching, leading to a much smoother surface of the tip cone. Subsequent metallization is thus improved, resulting in better coverage of the tip with an aluminum opaque layer. Our results show that leakage can be avoided along the cone, and light transmission through the tip is spatially limited to an optical aperture of a 100-nm dimension.

Femtosecond laser micromachining of compound parabolic concentrator fiber tipped glucose sensors.

PubMed

Hassan, Hafeez Ul; Lacraz, Amédée; Kalli, Kyriacos; Bang, Ole

2017-03-01

We report on highly accurate femtosecond (fs) laser micromachining of a compound parabolic concentrator (CPC) fiber tip on a polymer optical fiber (POF). The accuracy is reflected in an unprecedented correspondence between the numerically predicted and experimentally found improvement in fluorescence pickup efficiency of a Förster resonance energy transfer-based POF glucose sensor. A Zemax model of the CPC-tipped sensor predicts an optimal improvement of a factor of 3.96 compared to the sensor with a plane-cut fiber tip. The fs laser micromachined CPC tip showed an increase of a factor of 3.5, which is only 11.6% from the predicted value. Earlier state-of-the-art fabrication of the CPC-shaped tip by fiber tapering was of so poor quality that the actual improvement was 43% lower than the predicted improvement of the ideal CPC shape.

Femtosecond laser micromachining of compound parabolic concentrator fiber tipped glucose sensors

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hassan, Hafeez Ul; Lacraz, Amédée; Kalli, Kyriacos; Bang, Ole

2017-03-01

We report on highly accurate femtosecond (fs) laser micromachining of a compound parabolic concentrator (CPC) fiber tip on a polymer optical fiber (POF). The accuracy is reflected in an unprecedented correspondence between the numerically predicted and experimentally found improvement in fluorescence pickup efficiency of a Förster resonance energy transfer-based POF glucose sensor. A Zemax model of the CPC-tipped sensor predicts an optimal improvement of a factor of 3.96 compared to the sensor with a plane-cut fiber tip. The fs laser micromachined CPC tip showed an increase of a factor of 3.5, which is only 11.6% from the predicted value. Earlier state-of-the-art fabrication of the CPC-shaped tip by fiber tapering was of so poor quality that the actual improvement was 43% lower than the predicted improvement of the ideal CPC shape.

75 FR 20326 - Technology Innovation Program (TIP) Notice of Availability of Funds and Announcement of Public...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-04-19

... efficiency gas turbines; composites make larger, more efficient wind turbine blades and provide improved... the virus to prepare a vaccine in record time, but encountered problems supplying the large volumes of... monitoring and analysis could address these problems and would help to not only respond rapidly to new virus...

The Complete Resource Guide for Summer Youth Programs. Program Ideas for Summer Youth Jobs Project Managers.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

National Alliance of Business, Inc., Washington, DC.

This guide consists of suggestions, ideas, and tips intended to stimulate development of cooperative summer youth employment programs in local communities. Addressed in the individual sections of the guide are the following topics: tips on where to start, suggestions on how to get started, hints on securing resources, program resources, use of…

Method to improve the blade tip-timing accuracy of fiber bundle sensor under varying tip clearance

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Duan, Fajie; Zhang, Jilong; Jiang, Jiajia; Guo, Haotian; Ye, Dechao

2016-01-01

Blade vibration measurement based on the blade tip-timing method has become an industry-standard procedure. Fiber bundle sensors are widely used for tip-timing measurement. However, the variation of clearance between the sensor and the blade will bring a tip-timing error to fiber bundle sensors due to the change in signal amplitude. This article presents methods based on software and hardware to reduce the error caused by the tip clearance change. The software method utilizes both the rising and falling edges of the tip-timing signal to determine the blade arrival time, and a calibration process suitable for asymmetric tip-timing signals is presented. The hardware method uses an automatic gain control circuit to stabilize the signal amplitude. Experiments are conducted and the results prove that both methods can effectively reduce the impact of tip clearance variation on the blade tip-timing and improve the accuracy of measurements.

Optimization of an Active Twist Rotor Blade Planform for Improved Active Response and Forward Flight Performance

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Sekula, Martin K; Wilbur, Matthew L.

2014-01-01

A study was conducted to identify the optimum blade tip planform for a model-scale active twist rotor. The analysis identified blade tip design traits which simultaneously reduce rotor power of an unactuated rotor while leveraging aeromechanical couplings to tailor the active response of the blade. Optimizing the blade tip planform for minimum rotor power in forward flight provided a 5 percent improvement in performance compared to a rectangular blade tip, but reduced the vibration control authority of active twist actuation by 75 percent. Optimizing for maximum blade twist response increased the vibration control authority by 50 percent compared to the rectangular blade tip, with little effect on performance. Combined response and power optimization resulted in a blade tip design which provided similar vibration control authority to the rectangular blade tip, but with a 3.4 percent improvement in rotor performance in forward flight.

The 30-kW ammonia arcjet technology

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Deininger, W. D.; Chopra, A.; Pivirotto, T. J.; Goodfellow, K. D.; Barnett, J. W.

1990-01-01

The technical results are summarized of a 30 kW class ammonia propellant arcjet technology program. Evaluation of previous arcjet thruster performance, including materials analysis of used thruster components, led to the design of an arcjet with improved performance and thermal characteristics. Tests of the new engine demonstrated that engine performance is relatively insensitive to cathode tip geometry. Other data suggested a maximum sustainable arc length for a given thruster configuration, beyond which the arc may reconfigure in a destructive manner. A flow controller calibration error was identified. This error caused previously reported values of specific impulse and thrust efficiency to be 20 percent higher than the real values. Corrected arcjet performance data are given. Duration tests of 413 and 252 hours, and several tests 100 hours in duration, were performed. The cathode tip erosion rate increased with increasing arc current. Elimination of power source ripple did not affect cathode tip whisker growth. Results of arcjet modeling, diagnostic development and mission analyses are also discussed. The 30 kW ammonia arcjet may now be considered ready for development for a flight demonstration, but widespread application of 30 kW class arcjet will require improved efficiency and lifetime.

Automatic hammering of nano-patterns on special polymer film by using a vibrating AFM tip

PubMed Central

2012-01-01

Complicated nano-patterns with linewidth less than 18 nm can be automatically hammered by using atomic force microscopy (AFM) tip in tapping mode with high speed. In this study, the special sample was thin poly(styrene-ethylene/butylenes-styrene) (SEBS) block copolymer film with hexagonal spherical microstructures. An ordinary silicon tip was used as a nano-hammer, and the entire hammering process is controlled by a computer program. Experimental results demonstrate that such structure-tailored thin films enable AFM tip hammering to be performed on their surfaces. Both imprinted and embossed nano-patterns can be generated by using a vibrating tip with a larger tapping load and by using a predefined program to control the route of tip movement as it passes over the sample’s surface. Specific details for the fabrication of structure-tailored SEBS film and the theory for auto-hammering patterns were presented in detail. PMID:22889045

Continued development of abradable gas path seals. [for gas turbine engines

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Shiembob, L. T.

1975-01-01

Major program objectives were the continued development of NiCrAlY feltmetal and honeycomb systems for knife edge seal applications in the 1144 to 1366 K temperature range, and to initiate abradable seal material evaluation for blade tip seal applications in the 1366 to 1589 K temperature range. Larger fiber size, higher density feltmetal showed greatly improved erosion resistance with a slight reduction in abradability compared to the baseline feltmetal. Pack aluminide coating of the honeycomb extended the oxidation resistance and slightly improved the abradability of this material. Evaluation through selected abradability, erosion and oxidation testing, and pertinent metallography led to selection of a plasma sprayed yttria stabilized zirconia (ZrO2)/CoCrAlY layered system as the system with the most potential to meet the 1589 K requirement for blade tip seals. This system demonstrated structural integrity, erosion resistance, and some degree of abradability.

Twelve tips to promote successful development of a learner performance dashboard within a medical education program.

PubMed

Boscardin, Christy; Fergus, Kirkpatrick B; Hellevig, Bonnie; Hauer, Karen E

2017-11-09

Easily accessible and interpretable performance data constitute critical feedback for learners that facilitate informed self-assessment and learning planning. To provide this feedback, there has been a proliferation of educational dashboards in recent years. An educational (learner) dashboard systematically delivers timely and continuous feedback on performance and can provide easily visualized and interpreted performance data. In this paper, we provide practical tips for developing a functional, user-friendly individual learner performance dashboard and literature review of dashboard development, assessment theory, and users' perspectives. Considering key design principles and maximizing current technological advances in data visualization techniques can increase dashboard utility and enhance the user experience. By bridging current technology with assessment strategies that support learning, educators can continue to improve the field of learning analytics and design of information management tools such as dashboards in support of improved learning outcomes.

Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt: impact on systemic hemodynamics and renal and cardiac function in patients with cirrhosis.

PubMed

Busk, Troels M; Bendtsen, Flemming; Poulsen, Jørgen H; Clemmesen, Jens O; Larsen, Fin S; Goetze, Jens P; Iversen, Jens S; Jensen, Magnus T; Møgelvang, Rasmus; Pedersen, Erling B; Bech, Jesper N; Møller, Søren

2018-02-01

Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) alleviates portal hypertension and possibly increases central blood volume (CBV). Moreover, renal function often improves; however, its effects on cardiac function are unclear. The aims of our study were to examine the effects of TIPS on hemodynamics and renal and cardiac function in patients with cirrhosis. In 25 cirrhotic patients, we analyzed systemic, cardiac, and splanchnic hemodynamics by catheterization of the liver veins and right heart chambers before and 1 wk after TIPS. Additionally, we measured renal and cardiac markers and performed advanced echocardiography before, 1 wk after, and 4 mo after TIPS. CBV increased significantly after TIPS (+4.6%, P < 0.05). Cardiac output (CO) increased (+15.3%, P < 0.005) due to an increase in stroke volume (SV) (+11.1%, P < 0.005), whereas heart rate (HR) was initially unchanged. Cardiopulmonary pressures increased after TIPS, whereas copeptin, a marker of vasopressin, decreased (-18%, P < 0.005) and proatrial natriuretic peptide increased (+52%, P < 0.0005) 1 wk after TIPS and returned to baseline 4 mo after TIPS. Plasma neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin, renin, aldosterone, and serum creatinine decreased after TIPS (-36%, P < 0.005; -65%, P < 0.05; -90%, P < 0.005; and -13%, P < 0.005, respectively). Echocardiography revealed subtle changes in cardiac function after TIPS, although these were within the normal range. TIPS increases CBV by increasing CO and SV, whereas HR is initially unaltered. These results indicate an inability to increase the heart rate in response to a hemodynamic challenge that only partially increases CBV after TIPS. These changes, however, are sufficient for improving renal function. NEW & NOTEWORTHY For the first time, we have combined advanced techniques to study the integrated effects of transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) in cirrhosis. We showed that TIPS increases central blood volume (CBV) through improved cardiac inotropy. Advanced echocardiography demonstrated that myocardial function was unaffected by the dramatic increase in preload after TIPS. Finally, renal function improved due to the increase in CBV. Recognition of these physiological changes significantly contributes to our clinical understanding of TIPS.

Tips, techniques and suggestions for improving learning from escaped prescribed fire reviews

Treesearch

Anne Black; Dave Thomas; Jennifer Ziegler; Jim Saveland

2012-01-01

In 2011, we held five 2-day workshops at various locations around the US as part of a Joint Fire Science Program project to understand 'learning from escaped prescribed fire reviews'. Each workshop drew an interagency audience with representation from all facets of fire management, from ground personnel to local line officers, regional, and national positions...

Battling Obesity with Quality Elementary Physical Education: From Exposure to Competence

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bott, Timothy S.; Mitchell, Murray

2015-01-01

Sedentary behaviors contribute to the obesity epidemic in this country and physical educators can play an important role in the battle to improve the quality of life of our citizens. Motor skill competency is a substantive factor in a person's decision to be active or not, and a quality physical education program can tip the balance in favor of…

Tips, techniques, and suggestions for improving learning from escaped prescribed fire reviews (Poster Abstract)

Treesearch

Anne Black; Dave Thomas; Jennifer Ziegler; Jim Saveland

2012-01-01

In 2011, we held five 2-day workshops at various locations around the US as part of a Joint Fire Science Program project to understand 'learning from escaped prescribed fire reviews'. Each workshop drew an interagency audience with representation from all facets of fire management, from ground personnel to local line officers, regional, and national positions...

23 CFR 450.324 - Development and content of the transportation improvement program (TIP).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... TRANSPORTATION PLANNING AND RESEARCH PLANNING ASSISTANCE AND STANDARDS Metropolitan Transportation Planning and...), 49 U.S.C. 5305(d), and 49 U.S.C. 5339; (3) State planning and research projects funded under 23 U.S.C. 505 and 49 U.S.C. 5305(e); (4) At the discretion of the State and MPO, State planning and research...

23 CFR 450.324 - Development and content of the transportation improvement program (TIP).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... TRANSPORTATION PLANNING AND RESEARCH PLANNING ASSISTANCE AND STANDARDS Metropolitan Transportation Planning and...), 49 U.S.C. 5305(d), and 49 U.S.C. 5339; (3) State planning and research projects funded under 23 U.S.C. 505 and 49 U.S.C. 5305(e); (4) At the discretion of the State and MPO, State planning and research...

23 CFR 450.324 - Development and content of the transportation improvement program (TIP).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... TRANSPORTATION PLANNING AND RESEARCH PLANNING ASSISTANCE AND STANDARDS Metropolitan Transportation Planning and...), 49 U.S.C. 5305(d), and 49 U.S.C. 5339; (3) State planning and research projects funded under 23 U.S.C. 505 and 49 U.S.C. 5305(e); (4) At the discretion of the State and MPO, State planning and research...

23 CFR 450.324 - Development and content of the transportation improvement program (TIP).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... TRANSPORTATION PLANNING AND RESEARCH PLANNING ASSISTANCE AND STANDARDS Metropolitan Transportation Planning and...), 49 U.S.C. 5305(d), and 49 U.S.C. 5339; (3) State planning and research projects funded under 23 U.S.C. 505 and 49 U.S.C. 5305(e); (4) At the discretion of the State and MPO, State planning and research...

23 CFR 450.324 - Development and content of the transportation improvement program (TIP).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... TRANSPORTATION PLANNING AND RESEARCH PLANNING ASSISTANCE AND STANDARDS Metropolitan Transportation Planning and...), 49 U.S.C. 5305(d), and 49 U.S.C. 5339; (3) State planning and research projects funded under 23 U.S.C. 505 and 49 U.S.C. 5305(e); (4) At the discretion of the State and MPO, State planning and research...

Made for Leadership: The Tools and Tips You Need to Effectively Climb the College Ladder

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ullman, Ellen

2015-01-01

Good leaders need to develop and improve their skills. That's why the American Association of Community Colleges (AACC) created a set of competencies for community college leaders that has served as the foundation for informal and doctoral-level training programs. When the original competencies were revised in 2012, AACC sought input from a number…

Methods for Improving the Curvature of Steerable Needles in Biological Tissue

PubMed Central

Adebar, Troy K.; Greer, Joseph D.; Laeseke, Paul F.; Hwang, Gloria L.; Okamura, Allison M.

2016-01-01

Robotic needle steering systems have the potential to improve percutaneous interventions such as radiofrequency ablation of liver tumors, but steering techniques described to date have not achieved sufficiently small radius of curvature in biological tissue to be relevant to this application. In this work, the impact of tip geometry on steerable needle curvature is examined. Finite-element simulations and experiments with bent-tip needles in ex vivo liver tissue demonstrate that selection of tip length and angle can greatly improve curvature, with radius of curvature below 5 cm in liver tissue possible through judicious selection of these parameters. Motivated by the results of this analysis, a new articulated-tip steerable needle is described, in which a distal section is actively switched by a robotic system between a straight tip (resulting in a straight path) and a bent tip (resulting in a curved path). This approach allows the tip length and angle to be increased, while the straight configuration allows the needle tip to still pass through an introducer sheath and rotate inside the body. Validation testing in liver tissue shows that the new articulated-tip steerable needle achieves smaller radius of curvature compared to bent-tip needles described in previous work. Steerable needles with optimized tip parameters, which can generate tight curves in liver tissue, increase the clinical relevance of needle steering to percutaneous interventions. PMID:26441438

Always Feed the Clowns and Other Tips for Building Better Partnerships between School Librarians and Providers of Educational Programs

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Edwards, Jason

2015-01-01

Jason Edwards travels to schools and libraries across the nation performing educational enrichment programs, such as his Monster Hunt Library Skills-Building Adventure Program, for librarians and students. In this article, he shares tips that he has gleaned that may help librarian/programmer partnerships function more smoothly. Three of the…

Comprehensive Report of Fan Performance From Duct Rake Instrumentation on 1.294 Pressure Ratio, 806 ft/sec Tip Speed Turbofan Simulator Models

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Jeracki, Robert J.

2006-01-01

A large scale model representative of an advanced ducted propulsor-type, low-noise, very high bypass ratio turbofan engine was tested for acoustics, aerodynamic performance, and off-design operability in the NASA Glenn 9- by 15-Foot Low-Speed Wind Tunnel. The test was part of NASA s Advanced Subsonic Technology Noise Reduction Program. The low tip speed fan, nacelle, and un-powered core passage were simulated. As might be expected, the effect of stall management casing treatment was a performance penalty. Reducing the recirculating flow at the fan tip reduced the penalty while still providing sufficient stall margin. Two fans were tested with the same aerodynamic design; one with graphite composite material, and the other with solid titanium. There were surprising performance differences between the two fans, though both blades showed some indication of transitional flow near the tips. Though the pressure and temperature ratios were low for this fan design, the techniques used to improve thermocouple measurement accuracy gave repeatable data with adiabatic efficiencies agreeing within 1 percent. The measured fan adiabatic efficiency at simulated takeoff conditions was 93.7 percent and matched the design intent.

Study of casing treatment stall margin improvement phenomena. [for compressor rotor blade tips compressor blades rotating stalls

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Prince, D. C., Jr.; Wisler, D. C.; Hilvers, D. E.

1974-01-01

The results of a program of experimental and analytical research in casing treatments over axial compressor rotor blade tips are presented. Circumferential groove, axial-skewed slot, and blade angle slot treatments were tested. These yielded, for reduction in stalling flow and loss in peak efficiency, 5.8% and 0 points, 15.3% and 2.0 points, and 15.0% and 1.2 points, respectively. These values are consistent with other experience. The favorable stalling flow situations correlated well with observations of higher-then-normal surface pressures on the rotor blade pressure surfaces in the tip region, and with increased maximum diffusions on the suction surfaces. Annular wall pressure gradients, especially in the 50-75% chord region, are also increased and blade surface pressure loadings are shifted toward the trailing edge for treated configurations. Rotor blade wakes may be somewhat thinner in the presence of good treatments, particularly under operating conditions close to the baseline stall.

77 FR 69544 - Submission for OMB Review; Comment Request

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-11-19

... information collection request maybe found at www.reginfo.gov . Internal Revenue Service (IRS) OMB Number... approved collection. Title: Restaurant Tips --Attributed Tip Income Program (ATIP). Abstract: This revenue... agreements without requiring one-on-one meetings with the Service to determine tip rates or eligibility...

Low photon-count tip-tilt sensor

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Saathof, Rudolf; Schitter, Georg

2016-07-01

Due to the low photon-count of dark areas of the universe, signal strength of tip-tilt sensor is low, limiting sky-coverage of reliable tip-tilt measurements. This paper presents the low photon-count tip-tilt (LPC-TT) sensor, which potentially achieves improved signal strength. Its optical design spatially samples and integrates the scene. This increases the probability that several individual sources coincide on a detector segment. Laboratory experiments show feasibility of spatial sampling and integration and the ability to measure tilt angles. By simulation an improvement of the SNR of 10 dB compared to conventional tip-tilt sensors is shown.

Results from a Faculty Development Program in Teaching Economics

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Walstad, William B.; Salemi, Michael K.

2011-01-01

The Teaching Innovations Program (TIP) was a six-year project funded by the National Science Foundation that gave economics instructors the opportunity to learn interactive teaching strategies for use in undergraduate economics courses. TIP participants first attended a teaching workshop that presented various teaching strategies. They then could…

The Micro TIPS - Cases - Programmed Learning Course Package.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Heriot-Watt Univ., Edinburgh (Scotland). Esmee Fairbairn Economics Research Centre.

Part of an economic education series, the course package is designed to teach basic concepts and principles of microeconomics and how they can be applied to various world problems. For use with college students, learning is gained through lectures, tutorials, textbooks, programmed text, cases, and TIPS (Teaching Information Processing System).…

75 FR 17375 - Submission for OMB Review; Comment Request

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-04-06

... submit to the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) for clearance the following proposal for collection... Papers to the Technology Innovation Program (TIP). OMB Control Number: None. Form Number(s): None. Type... develop new areas for future competitions for the Technology Innovation Program (TIP) by offering ideas in...

TIPS Evaluation Project Retrospective Study: Wave 1 and 2.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hubbard, Susan M.; Mulvey, Kevin P.

2003-01-01

Measured substance abuse treatment professionals' knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding the Treatment Improvement Protocol (TIP) series and the 28 TIPs. Results for 3,267 respondents in wave 1 and 1,028 in wave 2 indicate that almost half of all professionals were aware of the TIPs. Attitudes toward TIPs were positive, but professionals…

Creating innovative programs for the future.

PubMed

Allen, Patricia E; Keough, Vicki A; Armstrong, Myrna L

2013-09-01

Although several major national mandates advocate for a better educated workforce, this push comes at a time when the competition for faculty, financial resources, advanced technology, and students remains strong. If nurse educators are seriously considering creating a new nurse program at their school, some key points are essential during the development stage. Using the innovation frameworks from the Institute of Healthcare Improvement, from the global design firm IDEO, and from Gladwell's The Tipping Point: How Little Things Can Make a Big Difference, this article examines the informal, formal, internal, and external work needed during program conceptualization, initial program exploration, resource infrastructure, support, and evaluation for an effective and innovative plan. Copyright 2013, SLACK Incorporated.

Application of winglets and/or wing tip extensions with active load control on the Boeing 747

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Allison, R. L.; Perkin, B. R.; Schoenman, R. L.

1978-01-01

The application of wing tip modifications and active control technology to the Boeing 747 airplane for the purpose of improving fuel efficiency is considered. Wing tip extensions, wing tip winglets, and the use of the outboard ailerons for active wing load alleviation are described. Modest performance improvements are indicated. A costs versus benefits approach is taken to decide which, if any, of the concepts warrant further development and flight test leading to possible incorporation into production airplanes.

23 CFR 450.328 - TIP action by the FHWA and the FTA.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 23 Highways 1 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false TIP action by the FHWA and the FTA. 450.328 Section 450.328 Highways FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION PLANNING AND RESEARCH PLANNING ASSISTANCE AND STANDARDS Metropolitan Transportation Planning and Programming § 450.328 TIP action...

23 CFR 450.328 - TIP action by the FHWA and the FTA.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 23 Highways 1 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false TIP action by the FHWA and the FTA. 450.328 Section 450.328 Highways FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION PLANNING AND RESEARCH PLANNING ASSISTANCE AND STANDARDS Metropolitan Transportation Planning and Programming § 450.328 TIP action...

23 CFR 450.328 - TIP action by the FHWA and the FTA.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 23 Highways 1 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false TIP action by the FHWA and the FTA. 450.328 Section 450.328 Highways FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION PLANNING AND RESEARCH PLANNING ASSISTANCE AND STANDARDS Metropolitan Transportation Planning and Programming § 450.328 TIP action...

23 CFR 450.328 - TIP action by the FHWA and the FTA.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 23 Highways 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false TIP action by the FHWA and the FTA. 450.328 Section 450.328 Highways FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION PLANNING AND RESEARCH PLANNING ASSISTANCE AND STANDARDS Metropolitan Transportation Planning and Programming § 450.328 TIP action...

23 CFR 450.328 - TIP action by the FHWA and the FTA.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 23 Highways 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false TIP action by the FHWA and the FTA. 450.328 Section 450.328 Highways FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION PLANNING AND RESEARCH PLANNING ASSISTANCE AND STANDARDS Metropolitan Transportation Planning and Programming § 450.328 TIP action...

Characterization of bending EAP beams

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Bao, Xiaoqi; Bar-Cohen, Yoseph; Chang, Zensheu; Sherrit, Stewart

2004-01-01

Electroactive polymers are attractive actuation materials because of their large deformation, flexibility, and lightweight. A CCD camera system was constructed to record the curved shapes of bending during the activation of EAP films and image-processing software was developed to digitize the bending curves. A computer program was developed to solve the invese problem of cantilever EAP beams with tip position limiter. using the developed program and acquired curves without tip position limiter as well as the corresponding tip force, the EAP material properties of voltage-strain sensitivity and Young's modulus were determined.

Substance Abuse Treatment: Group Therapy. Treatment Improvement Protocol (TIP) Series 41

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gilbert, Jonathan Max; Hills, Susan; Rife, Mary Lou

2005-01-01

This Treatment Improvement Protocol (TIP) presents an overview of the role and efficacy of group therapy in substance abuse treatment. TIPs are best-practice guidelines for the treatment of substance use disorders that make the latest research in substance abuse treatment available to counselors and educators. The content was generated by a panel…

Substance Abuse Treatment for Persons With Co-Occurring Disorders. Treatment Improvement Protocol (TIP) Series 42

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Sacks, Stanley; Ries, Richard K.

2005-01-01

This Treatment Improvement Protocol (TIP) provides guidelines for counselors and others working in the field of co-occurring substance use and mental disorders. TIPs are best-practice guidelines for the treatment of substance use disorders that make the latest research in substance abuse treatment available to counselors and educators. The content…

Substance Abuse Treatment For Adults in the Criminal Justice System. Treatment Improvement Protocol (TIP) Series 44

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bartlett, Catalina; Dinsmore, Janet; Gilbert, J. Max; Kornblum, Annette; Latham, Joyce; Oliff, Helen; Paisner, Susan; Sutton, David

2005-01-01

This Treatment Improvement Protocol (TIP) provides guidelines for counselors and criminal justice personnel who treat offenders with substance use disorders. TIPs are best-practice guidelines that make the latest research in substance abuse treatment available to counselors and educators. The content was generated by a panel of experts in the…

Substance Abuse Treatment And Family Therapy. A Treatment Improvement Protocol (TIP) Series 39

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gilbert, Jonathan Max; Oliff, Helen; Sutton, David; Bartlett, Catalina; Henderson, Randi

2004-01-01

This Treatment Improvement Protocol (TIP) addresses substance abuse treatment in the context of family therapy. TIPs are best-practice guidelines for the treatment of substance use disorders that make the latest research in substance abuse treatment available to counselors and educators. The content was generated by a panel of experts in the…

Addressing Viral Hepatitis in People with Substance Use Disorders. Treatment Improvement Protocol (TIP) Series 53

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, 2011

2011-01-01

Treatment Improvement Protocols (TIPs) are developed by the Center for Substance Abuse Treatment (CSAT), part of the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) within the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). Each TIP involves the development of topic-specific best-practice guidelines for the prevention and…

Getting the Word Out: Communication Tips for Adult Basic & Literacy Education Professionals.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ohio Literacy Network, Columbus.

This document presents tips to help Ohio's adult basic education (ABE) and literacy education professionals publicize new and existing ABE and literacy education programs. Chapter 1 discusses the following topics related to using newspapers to publicize ABE and literacy programs: publication policies of daily and weekly newspapers; news releases,…

Tips on Developing Technical Training Partnerships.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Just, David A.; And Others

This paper begins by presenting tips on developing technical training partnerships from the perspective of the local director of the Ohio Industrial Training Program. This section indicates that every linkage needs a catalyst and that the role of the Ohio Industrial Training Program is to be such a catalyst. The issues and concerns of which the…

Improved Temperature Dynamic Model of Turbine Subcomponents for Facilitation of Generalized Tip Clearance Control

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Kypuros, Javier A.; Colson, Rodrigo; Munoz, Afredo

2004-01-01

This paper describes efforts conducted to improve dynamic temperature estimations of a turbine tip clearance system to facilitate design of a generalized tip clearance controller. This work builds upon research previously conducted and presented in and focuses primarily on improving dynamic temperature estimations of the primary components affecting tip clearance (i.e. the rotor, blades, and casing/shroud). The temperature profiles estimated by the previous model iteration, specifically for the rotor and blades, were found to be inaccurate and, more importantly, insufficient to facilitate controller design. Some assumptions made to facilitate the previous results were not valid, and thus improvements are presented here to better match the physical reality. As will be shown, the improved temperature sub- models, match a commercially validated model and are sufficiently simplified to aid in controller design.

Effect of transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt on pulmonary gas exchange in patients with portal hypertension and hepatopulmonary syndrome

PubMed Central

Martínez-Pallí, Graciela; Drake, Britt B; García-Pagán, Joan-Carles; Barberà, Joan-Albert; Arguedas, Miguel R; Rodriguez-Roisin, Robert; Bosch, Jaume; Fallon, Michael B

2005-01-01

AIM: To assess the impact of transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) on pulmonary gas exchange and to evaluate the use of TIPS for the treatment of hepatopulmonary syndrome ( HPS ). METHODS: Seven patients, three of them with advanced HPS, in whom detailed pulmonary function tests were performed before and after TIPS placement at the University of Alabama Hospital and at the Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, were considered. RESULTS: TIPS patency was confirmed by hemodynamic evaluation. No changes in arterial blood gases were observed in the overall subset of patients. Transient arterial oxygenation improvement was observed in only one HPS patient, early after TIPS, but this was not sustained 4 mo later. CONCLUSION: TIPS neither improved nor worsened pulmonary gas exchange in patients with portal hypertension. This data does not support the use of TIPS as a specific treatment for HPS. However, it does reinforce the view that TIPS can be safely performed for the treatment of other complications of portal hypertension in patients with HPS. PMID:16425397

Differences between the family-centered "COPCA" program and traditional infant physical therapy based on neurodevelopmental treatment principles.

PubMed

Dirks, Tineke; Blauw-Hospers, Cornill H; Hulshof, Lily J; Hadders-Algra, Mijna

2011-09-01

Evidence for effectiveness of pediatric physical therapy in infants at high risk for developmental motor disorders is limited. Therefore, "Coping With and Caring for Infants With Special Needs" (COPCA), a family-centered, early intervention program, was developed. The COPCA program is based on 2 components: (1) family involvement and educational parenting and (2) the neuromotor principles of the neuronal group selection theory. The COPCA coach uses principles of coaching to encourage the family's own capacities for solving problems of daily care and incorporating variation, along with trial and error in daily activities. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether the content of sessions of the home-based, early intervention COPCA program differs from that of traditional infant physical therapy (TIP) sessions, which in the Netherlands are largely based on neurodevelopmental treatment. The study was conducted at the University Medical Center Groningen in the Netherlands. A quantitative video analysis of therapy sessions was conducted with infants participating in a 2-arm randomized trial. Forty-six infants at high risk for developmental motor disorders were randomly assigned to receive COPCA (n=21) or TIP (n=25) between 3 and 6 months corrected age. Intervention sessions were videotaped at 4 and 6 months corrected age and analyzed with a standardized observation protocol for the classification of physical therapy actions. Outcome parameters were relative amounts of time spent on specific physical therapy actions. The content of COPCA and TIP differed substantially. For instance, in TIP sessions, more time was spent on facilitation techniques, including handling, than in COPCA sessions (29% versus 3%, respectively). During COPCA, more time was spent on family coaching and education than during TIP (16% versus 4%, respectively). The major limitation of the study was its restriction to the Netherlands, implying that findings cannot be generalized automatically to other countries. The COPCA program differs broadly from TIP as applied in the Netherlands. Studies on the effectiveness of this family-centered program are needed.

An evaluation of fossil tip-dating versus node-age calibrations in tetraodontiform fishes (Teleostei: Percomorphaceae).

PubMed

Arcila, Dahiana; Alexander Pyron, R; Tyler, James C; Ortí, Guillermo; Betancur-R, Ricardo

2015-01-01

Time-calibrated phylogenies based on molecular data provide a framework for comparative studies. Calibration methods to combine fossil information with molecular phylogenies are, however, under active development, often generating disagreement about the best way to incorporate paleontological data into these analyses. This study provides an empirical comparison of the most widely used approach based on node-dating priors for relaxed clocks implemented in the programs BEAST and MrBayes, with two recently proposed improvements: one using a new fossilized birth-death process model for node dating (implemented in the program DPPDiv), and the other using a total-evidence or tip-dating method (implemented in MrBayes and BEAST). These methods are applied herein to tetraodontiform fishes, a diverse group of living and extinct taxa that features one of the most extensive fossil records among teleosts. Previous estimates of time-calibrated phylogenies of tetraodontiforms using node-dating methods reported disparate estimates for their age of origin, ranging from the late Jurassic to the early Paleocene (ca. 150-59Ma). We analyzed a comprehensive dataset with 16 loci and 210 morphological characters, including 131 taxa (95 extant and 36 fossil species) representing all families of fossil and extant tetraodontiforms, under different molecular clock calibration approaches. Results from node-dating methods produced consistently younger ages than the tip-dating approaches. The older ages inferred by tip dating imply an unlikely early-late Jurassic (ca. 185-119Ma) origin for this order and the existence of extended ghost lineages in their fossil record. Node-based methods, by contrast, produce time estimates that are more consistent with the stratigraphic record, suggesting a late Cretaceous (ca. 86-96Ma) origin. We show that the precision of clade age estimates using tip dating increases with the number of fossils analyzed and with the proximity of fossil taxa to the node under assessment. This study suggests that current implementations of tip dating may overestimate ages of divergence in calibrated phylogenies. It also provides a comprehensive phylogenetic framework for tetraodontiform systematics and future comparative studies. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

CF6 jet engine diagnostics program. High pressure turbine roundness/clearance investigation

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Howard, W. D.; Fasching, W. A.

1982-01-01

The effects of high pressure turbine clearance changes on engine and module performance was evaluated in addition to the measurement of CF6-50C high pressure turbine Stage 1 tip clearance and stator out-of-roundness during steady-state and transient operation. The results indicated a good correlation of the analytical model of round engine clearance response with measured data. The stator out-of-roundness measurements verified that the analytical technique for predicting the distortion effects of mechanical loads is accurate, whereas the technique for calculating the effects of certain circumferential thermal gradients requires some modifications. A potential for improvement in roundness was established in the order of 0.38 mm (0.015 in.), equivalent to 0.86 percent turbine efficiency which translates to a cruise SFC improvement of 0.36 percent. The HP turbine Stage 1 tip clearance performance derivative was established as 0.44 mm (17 mils) per percent of turbine efficiency at take-off power, somewhat smaller, therefore, more sensitive than predicted from previous investigations.

Electromagnetic articulography treatment for an adult with Broca's aphasia and apraxia of speech.

PubMed

Katz, W F; Bharadwaj, S V; Carstens, B

1999-12-01

Electromagnetic articulography (EMA) was explored as a means of remediating [s]/[symbol in text] articulation deficits in the speech of an adult with Broca's aphasia and apraxia of speech. Over a 1-month period, the subject was provided with 2 different treatments in a counterbalanced procedure: (1) visually guided biofeedback concerning tongue-tip position and (2) a foil treatment in which a computer program delivered voicing-contrast stimuli for simple repetition. Kinematic and perceptual data suggest improvement resulting from visually guided biofeedback, both for nonspeech oral and, to a lesser extent, speech motor tasks. In contrast, the phonetic contrast treated in the foil condition showed only marginal improvement during the therapy session, with performance dropping back to baseline 10 weeks post-treatment. Although preliminary, the findings suggest that visual biofeedback concerning tongue-tip position can be used to treat nonspeech oral and (to a lesser extent) speech motor behavior in adults with Broca's aphasia and apraxia of speech.

Retrieval of the 1964 Laser Literature Using MIT's Project Tip.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Keenan, Stella; Terry, Edward

Reported are the performance characteristics of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology Technical Information Program (TIP) system based on a study involving three search strategies in retrieval o f laser articles published in 1964. The TIP system provides access to (1) title, (2) author(s), (3) bibliographic references, and (4) literature…

Applying Japanese management tips to patient accounts.

PubMed

Groenevelt, C J

1990-04-01

"Just in time," a Japanese management philosophy that has been applied successfully in manufacturing operations, also can be used to improve management of patient accounts departments. Under its principles, healthcare organizations would develop standardized procedures; involve workers in decision making; set up training and education programs aimed at creating a multi-skilled pool of workers; establish smooth production schedules; and foster cooperation and commitment to the philosophy throughout the organization.

Clinical Guidelines for the Use of Buprenorphine in the Treatment of Opioid Addiction. Treatment Improvement Protocol (TIP) Series 40

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Boone, Margaret; Brown, Nancy J.; Moon, Mary A.; Schuman, Deborah J.; Thomas, Josephine; Wright, Denise L.

2004-01-01

This Treatment Improvement Protocol (TIP) addresses the clinical use of buprenorphine in the treatment of opioid addiction. TIPs are best-practice guidelines for the treatment of substance use disorders that make the latest research in substance abuse treatment available to counselors and educators. The content was generated by a panel of experts…

Chem-Braze Abradable Seal Attachment

DTIC Science & Technology

1980-05-01

bonding system for attaching sintered abradable seals such as FELTMETAL® to titanium -, steel- and nickel-base compressor blade tip-shrouds has been... blade tip-shrouds was developed. The improved Chem-Braze system incorporates glycerin as an inhibitor to prevent premature evaporation which prolongs...compressor blade tip-shrouds using the improved Chem-Braze system compared to attachment with gold-nickel braze. p. p. FORM . . yn

Steady and unsteady aerodynamic forces from the SOUSSA surface-panel method for a fighter wing with tip missile and comparison with experiment and PANAIR

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Cunningham, Herbert J.

1987-01-01

The body surface-panel method SOUSSA is applied to calculate steady and unsteady lift and pitching moment coefficients on a thin fighter-type wing model with and without a tip-mounted missile. Comparisons are presented with experimental results and with PANAIR and PANAIR-related calculations for Mach numbers from 0.6 to 0.9. In general the SOUSSA program, the experiments, and the PANAIR (and related) programs give lift and pitching-moment results which agree at least fairly well, except for the unsteady clean-wing experimental moment and the unsteady moment on the wing tip body calculated by a PANAIR-predecessor program at a Mach number of 0.8.

Polymer optical fiber compound parabolic concentrator tip for enhanced coupling efficiency for fluorescence based glucose sensors

PubMed Central

Hassan, Hafeez Ul; Nielsen, Kristian; Aasmul, Soren; Bang, Ole

2015-01-01

We demonstrate that the light excitation and capturing efficiency of fluorescence based fiber-optical sensors can be significantly increased by using a CPC (Compound Parabolic Concentrator) tip instead of the standard plane-cut tip. We use Zemax modelling to find the optimum CPC tip profile and fiber length of a polymer optical fiber diabetes sensor for continuous monitoring of glucose levels. We experimentally verify the improved performance of the CPC tipped sensor and the predicted production tolerances. Due to physical size requirements when the sensor has to be inserted into the body a non-optimal fiber length of 35 mm is chosen. For this length an average improvement in efficiency of a factor of 1.7 is experimentally demonstrated and critically compared to the predicted ideal factor of 3 in terms of parameters that should be improved through production optimization. PMID:26713213

Polymer optical fiber compound parabolic concentrator tip for enhanced coupling efficiency for fluorescence based glucose sensors.

PubMed

Hassan, Hafeez Ul; Nielsen, Kristian; Aasmul, Soren; Bang, Ole

2015-12-01

We demonstrate that the light excitation and capturing efficiency of fluorescence based fiber-optical sensors can be significantly increased by using a CPC (Compound Parabolic Concentrator) tip instead of the standard plane-cut tip. We use Zemax modelling to find the optimum CPC tip profile and fiber length of a polymer optical fiber diabetes sensor for continuous monitoring of glucose levels. We experimentally verify the improved performance of the CPC tipped sensor and the predicted production tolerances. Due to physical size requirements when the sensor has to be inserted into the body a non-optimal fiber length of 35 mm is chosen. For this length an average improvement in efficiency of a factor of 1.7 is experimentally demonstrated and critically compared to the predicted ideal factor of 3 in terms of parameters that should be improved through production optimization.

All-Natural Tips to Improve Your Sex Life: Exercise, Diet Changes May Help Reverse ED (Erectile Dysfunction)

MedlinePlus

... your inbox ! All-natural tips to improve your sex life Exercise, diet changes may help reverse ED ... problem , may reverse your ED and improve your sex life. They are easy to adopt and enrich ...

Inventive Performance Improvement of Integrated Optical Rate Sensor Using TIPS/TRIZ

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Blosiu, Julian O.; Youmans, Bruce R.; Kowalick, Jim

1996-01-01

The Theory of Inventive Problem Solving (TIPS or also known as TRIZ) is a new scientific approach to innovative improvements of products and processes. This methodology was applied to inventively improve performance of an Integrated Optic Rate Sensor (IORS).

Evaluation of a Workplace-Based Migraine Education Program.

PubMed

Burton, Wayne N; Chen, Chin-Yu; Li, Xingquan; McCluskey, Maureen; Erickson, Denise; Schultz, Alyssa B

2016-08-01

Migraine affects approximately 10% of working-age adults and is associated with increased health care costs, absenteeism, and presenteeism in the workplace. A migraine education program was offered to United States employees of a global financial services organization. Two hundred forty three employees (46% response rate) completed both a baseline and 6-month follow-up migraine questionnaire. The program included webinars, E-mailed educational tips, and intranet-based resources. No change was found in the frequency of migraines but improvements were observed in the severity, workdays missed, effectiveness at work during migraine, and work/activity limitations. Participants reported taking action to identify and reduce migraine triggers. A worksite disease education program for migraine headache has the potential to significantly impact lost productivity and absenteeism for migraineurs.

Confirmatory Factor Analysis of the Trinity Inventory of Precursors to Suicide (TIPS) and Its Relationship to Hopelessness and Depression

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Smyth, Caroline L.; MacLachlan, Malcolm

2005-01-01

Numerous existing measures assess attitudes toward suicide yet fail to account for contextual factors. The Trinity Inventory of Precursors to Suicide (TIPS) is presented as an alternative, with implications for the development of prevention programs. Having previously reported exploratory analysis of the TIPS; confirmatory factor analysis and…

Improving the quality of the order-writing process for inpatient orders and outpatient prescriptions.

PubMed

Meyer, T A

2000-12-15

Because many preventable medication errors occur at the ordering stage, a program for improving the quality of writing inpatient orders and outpatient prescriptions at one institution was developed. To determine whether potential problems existed in the order-writing process for inpatients, all physician orders for a seven-day period in 1997 were reviewed (n = 3740). More than 10% of all orders had illegible handwriting or were written with a felt-tip pen, which makes NCR copies difficult to read. Other potential errors were also identified. Following educational programs for physicians and residents focusing on the importance of writing orders clearly, physician orders were reviewed for a 24-hour period (n = 654). The use of felt-tip pens decreased to 1.37% of all orders, and no orders had illegible handwriting. A similar quality improvement approach was used to evaluate the outpatient prescription-writing process. A review of all new prescriptions for a consecutive seven-day period at a local hospital-owned community pharmacy (n = 1425) revealed that about 15% of the prescriptions had illegible handwriting and roughly 10% were incomplete. Additional data were gathered through a survey sent to 71 outside provider pharmacies requesting information on problems related to prescriptions written by physicians from the institution; 66% responded. Failure to print prescriber name (96%), illegible signature (94%), failure to include DEA number (89%), and illegible handwriting other than signature (69%) were reported as the main problems. Each physician was given a self-inking name stamp to use when writing prescriptions. In addition, educational programs covering examples of poorly written prescriptions and the legal requirements of a prescription were held for physicians and residents. A follow-up survey showed that 72% of pharmacies saw stamps being used; when stamps were not used, however, illegible signatures continued to be a problem. Follow-up reviews of outpatient prescriptions indicate improvements in handwriting and completeness, but continuing educational efforts are needed. The quality of order writing for inpatients and outpatients continues to be monitored on a regular basis. Ongoing educational programs, follow-up reminders, and feedback to physicians have greatly improved the prescription-writing habits of physicians.

Transonic rotor tip design using numerical optimization

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Tauber, Michael E.; Langhi, Ronald G.

1985-01-01

The aerodynamic design procedure for a new blade tip suitable for operation at transonic speeds is illustrated. For the first time, 3 dimensional numerical optimization was applied to rotor tip design, using the recent derivative of the ROT22 code, program R22OPT. Program R22OPT utilized an efficient quasi-Newton optimization algorithm. Multiple design objectives were specified. The delocalization of the shock wave was to be eliminated in forward flight for an advance ratio of 0.41 and a tip Mach number of 0.92 at psi = 90 deg. Simultaneously, it was sought to reduce torque requirements while maintaining effective restoring pitching moments. Only the outer 10 percent of the blade span was modified; the blade area was not to be reduced by more than 3 percent. The goal was to combine the advantages of both sweptback and sweptforward blade tips. A planform that featured inboard sweepback was combined with a sweptforward tip and a taper ratio of 0.5. Initially, the ROT22 code was used to find by trial and error a planform geometry which met the design goals. This configuration had an inboard section with a leading edge sweep of 20 deg and a tip section swept forward at 25 deg; in addition, the airfoils were modified.

Development and evaluation of needle trap device geometry and packing methods for automated and manual analysis.

PubMed

Warren, Jamie M; Pawliszyn, Janusz

2011-12-16

For air/headspace analysis, needle trap devices (NTDs) are applicable for sampling a wide range of volatiles such as benzene, alkanes, and semi-volatile particulate bound compounds such as pyrene. This paper describes a new NTD that is simpler to produce and improves performance relative to previous NTD designs. A NTD utilizing a side-hole needle used a modified tip, which removed the need to use epoxy glue to hold sorbent particles inside the NTD. This design also improved the seal between the NTD and narrow neck liner of the GC injector; therefore, improving the desorption efficiency. A new packing method has been developed and evaluated using solvent to pack the device, and is compared to NTDs prepared using the previous vacuum aspiration method. The slurry packing method reduced preparation time and improved reproducibility between NTDs. To evaluate the NTDs, automated headspace extraction was completed using benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, p-xylene (BTEX), anthracene, and pyrene (PAH). NTD geometries evaluated include: blunt tip with side-hole needle, tapered tip with side-hole needle, slider tip with side-hole, dome tapered tip with side-hole and blunt with no side-hole needle (expanded desorptive flow). Results demonstrate that the tapered and slider tip NTDs performed with improved desorption efficiency. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Influence of blade tip rounding on tip leakage vortex cavitation of axial flow pump

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wu, S. Q.; Shi, W. D.; Zhang, D. S.; Yao, J.; Cheng, C.

2013-12-01

Tip leakage flow in axial flow pumps is mainly caused by the tip clearance, which is the main cause of tip leakage vortex cavitation and blade tip cavitation erosion. In order to improve tip clearance flow and reduce TLV cavitation, four schemes were adopted to the round blade tip. These are: no tip rounding, one time tip clearance tip rounding, two times tip clearance tip rounding, four times tip clearance tip rounding. Using SST k-ω turbulence model and Zwart cavitation model in CFX software, this simulation obtained four kinds of inner flow field results. The numerical results indicated that with the increase of r*, NPSHc gradually increased and the cavitation performance reduced. However, corner vortex was eliminated so that cavitation in gap was restrained. But TLV vorticity increased and cavitation's range here had a little expansion. Combined with the research of this paper and the different analyses of four schemes, we recommend adopting the two times of the tip clearance rounding.

High-loading low-speed fan study. 4: Data and performance with redesign stator and including a rotor tip casing treatment

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Harley, K. G.; Odegard, P. A.; Burdsall, E. A.

1972-01-01

A single stage fan with a rotor tip speed of 1000 ft/sec(304.8 m/sec) and a hub-to-tip ratio of 0.392 was retested with a redesigned stator. Tests were conducted with uniform inlet, tip-radial, hub-radial, and circumferential inlet distortions. With uniform inlet flow, stall margin was improved 12 percentage points above that with the original stator. The fan demonstrated an efficiency of 0.883 and a stall margin of 15 percent at a pressure ratio of 1.488 and a specific flow of 41.17 lb/sec/sq ft. Tests were also made with a redesigned casing treatment consisting of skewed slots over the rotor blade tips. This casing treatment gave a 7 percentage point improvement in stall margin when tested with tip radial distortion (when the rotor tip initiated stall). Noise measurements at the fan inlet and exit indicate no effect from closing the stator 10 degrees, nor were there measurable effects from adding skewed slots over the blade tips.

Theoretical study of carbon-based tips for scanning tunnelling microscopy.

PubMed

González, C; Abad, E; Dappe, Y J; Cuevas, J C

2016-03-11

Motivated by recent experiments, we present here a detailed theoretical analysis of the use of carbon-based conductive tips in scanning tunnelling microscopy. In particular, we employ ab initio methods based on density functional theory to explore a graphitic, an amorphous carbon and two diamond-like tips for imaging with a scanning tunnelling microscope (STM), and we compare them with standard metallic tips made of gold and tungsten. We investigate the performance of these tips in terms of the corrugation of the STM images acquired when scanning a single graphene sheet. Moreover, we analyse the impact of the tip-sample distance and show that it plays a fundamental role in the resolution and symmetry of the STM images. We also explore in depth how the adsorption of single atoms and molecules in the tip apexes modifies the STM images and demonstrate that, in general, it leads to an improved image resolution. The ensemble of our results provides strong evidence that carbon-based tips can significantly improve the resolution of STM images, as compared to more standard metallic tips, which may open a new line of research in scanning tunnelling microscopy.

Identification and validation of reference genes for quantification of target gene expression with quantitative real-time PCR for tall fescue under four abiotic stresses.

PubMed

Yang, Zhimin; Chen, Yu; Hu, Baoyun; Tan, Zhiqun; Huang, Bingru

2015-01-01

Tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) is widely utilized as a major forage and turfgrass species in the temperate regions of the world and is a valuable plant material for studying molecular mechanisms of grass stress tolerance due to its superior drought and heat tolerance among cool-season species. Selection of suitable reference genes for quantification of target gene expression is important for the discovery of molecular mechanisms underlying improved growth traits and stress tolerance. The stability of nine potential reference genes (ACT, TUB, EF1a, GAPDH, SAND, CACS, F-box, PEPKR1 and TIP41) was evaluated using four programs, GeNorm, NormFinder, BestKeeper, and RefFinder. The combinations of SAND and TUB or TIP41 and TUB were most stably expressed in salt-treated roots or leaves. The combinations of GAPDH with TIP41 or TUB were stable in roots and leaves under drought stress. TIP41 and PEPKR1 exhibited stable expression in cold-treated roots, and the combination of F-box, TIP41 and TUB was also stable in cold-treated leaves. CACS and TUB were the two most stable reference genes in heat-stressed roots. TIP41 combined with TUB and ACT was stably expressed in heat-stressed leaves. Finally, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) assays of the target gene FaWRKY1 using the identified most stable reference genes confirmed the reliability of selected reference genes. The selection of suitable reference genes in tall fescue will allow for more accurate identification of stress-tolerance genes and molecular mechanisms conferring stress tolerance in this stress-tolerant species.

A Qualitative Study of the Treatment Improvement Protocols (TIPs): An Assessment of the Use of TIPs by Individuals Affiliated with the Addiction Technology Transfer Centers (ATTCs).

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hayashi, Susan W.; Suzuki, Marcia; Hubbard, Susan M.; Huang, Judy Y.; Cobb, Anita M.

2003-01-01

Evaluated the Addiction Technology Transfer Centers (ATTCs) of the Center for Substance Abuse Treatment (CSAT) as a means of diffusion of innovations, focusing on use of the Treatment Improvement Protocols (TIPs). Qualitative studies at 6 ATTCs that included 57 interviews show that the CSAT is at the forefront of providing resources to the…

Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy in SIPs and TIPs

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

Tools and guides to encourage state, tribal and local agencies to consider incorporating Energy Efficiency (EE) and Renewable Energy (RE) policies and programs in their State and Tribal Implementation Plans (SIPs/TIPs).

Tip-enhanced Raman scattering microscopy: Recent advance in tip production

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Fujita, Yasuhiko; Walke, Peter; De Feyter, Steven; Uji-i, Hiroshi

2016-08-01

Tip-enhanced Raman scattering (TERS) microscopy is a technique that combines the chemical sensitivity of Raman spectroscopy with the resolving power of scanning probe microscopy. The key component of any TERS setup is a plasmonically-active noble metal tip, which serves to couple far-field incident radiation with the near-field. Thus, the design and implementation of reproducible probes are crucial for the continued development of TERS as a tool for nanoscopic analysis. Here we discuss conventional methods for the fabrication of TERS-ready tips, highlighting the problems therein, as well as detailing more recent developments to improve reducibility. In addition, the idea of remote excitation-TERS is enlightened upon, whereby TERS sensitivity is further improved by using propagating surface plasmons to separate the incident radiation from the tip apex, as well as how this can be incorporated into the fabrication process.

100 Consejos para los Padres (100 Tips for Parents).

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Department of Education, Washington, DC.

Noting that involved parents can improve their children's chances of succeeding in school, this packet of Spanish-language cards offers 100 tips created to help parents become more involved in their child's education. Following a card of general tips on becoming involved, tips are offered in the following topic areas: keeping a child alcohol,…

Twelve tips for applying change models to curriculum design, development and delivery.

PubMed

McKimm, Judy; Jones, Paul Kneath

2017-10-25

Drawing primarily from business and management literature and the authors' experience, these 12 tips provide guidance to organizations, teams, and individuals involved in curriculum or program development at undergraduate, postgraduate, and continuing education levels. The tips are based around change models and approaches and can help underpin successful curriculum review, development, and delivery, as well as fostering appropriate educational innovation. A range of tools exist to support systematic program development and review, but even relatively simple changes need to take account of many factors, including the complexity of the environment, stakeholder engagement, cultural and psychological aspects, and the importance of followers.

2011 John M. Eisenberg Patient Safety and Quality Awards. Mentored implementation: building leaders and achieving results through a collaborative improvement model. Innovation in patient safety and quality at the national level.

PubMed

Maynard, Gregory A; Budnitz, Tina L; Nickel, Wendy K; Greenwald, Jeffrey L; Kerr, Kathleen M; Miller, Joseph A; Resnic, JoAnne N; Rogers, Kendall M; Schnipper, Jeffrey L; Stein, Jason M; Whitcomb, Winthrop F; Williams, Mark V

2012-07-01

The Society of Hospital Medicine (SHM) created "Mentored Implementation" (MI) programs with the dual aims of educating and mentoring hospitalists and their quality improvement (QI) teams and accelerating improvement in the inpatient setting in three signature programs: Venous Thromboembolism (VTE) Prevention, Glycemic Control, and Project BOOST (Better Outcomes for Older adults through Safe Transitions). More than 300 hospital improvement teams were enrolled in SHM MI programs in a series of cohorts. Hospitalist mentors worked with individual hospitals/health systems to guide local teams through the life cycle of a QI project. Implementation Guides and comprehensive Web-based "Resource Rooms," as well as the mentor's own experience, provided best-practice definitions, practical implementation tips, measurement strategies, and other tools. E-mail interactions and mentoring were augmented by regularly scheduled teleconferences; group webinars; and, in some instances, a site visit. Performance was tracked in a centralized data tracking center. Preliminary data on all three MI programs show significant improvement in patient outcomes, as well as enhancements of communication and leadership skills of the hospitalists and their QI teams. Although objective data on outcomes and process measures for the MI program's efficacy remain preliminary at this time, the maturing data tracking system, multiple awards, and early results indicate that the MI programs are successful in providing QI training and accelerating improvement efforts.

Understanding and Mitigating Tip Leakage and Endwall Losses in High Pressure Ratio Cores

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Christophel, Jesse

2015-01-01

Reducing endwall and tip secondary flow losses will be a key enabler for the next generation of commercial and military air transport and will be an improvement on the state-of-the-art in turbine loss reduction strategies. The objective of this research is three-fold: 1) To improve understanding of endwall secondary flow and tip clearance losses 2) To develop novel technologies to mitigate these losses and test them in low-speed cascade and rig environments 3) To validate predictive tools To accomplish these objectives, Pratt & Whitney (P&W) has teamed with Pennsylvania State University (PSU) to experimentally test new features designed by P&W. P&W will create new rim-cavity features to reduce secondary flow loss and improve purge flow cooling effectiveness and new blade tip features to manage leakage flows and reduce tip leakage secondary flow loss. P&W is currently developing technologies in these two areas that expect to be assimilated in the N+2/N+3 generation of commercial engines.

Trials of Improved Practices (TIPs): A Strategy for Making Long-Lasting Nets Last Longer?

PubMed Central

Harvey, Steven A.; Paredes Olórtegui, Maribel; Leontsini, Elli; Ramal Asayag, César; Scott, Kerry; Winch, Peter J.

2013-01-01

Long-lasting insecticidal net (LLIN) use is a proven malaria prevention method. Mass distribution has greatly expanded LLIN access in sub-Saharan Africa, but a gap remains between LLIN ownership and use. Furthermore, LLINs wear out more quickly than anticipated. This paper suggests a participatory research strategy—trials of improved practices (TIPs)—that could identify locally appropriate approaches to prolonging net life and increasing effective use. We used TIPs to overcome barriers to optimal net use in the Peruvian Amazon. Working with 15 families in three villages, we tested home treatment of cotton nets, use of an alternative netting fabric, and alternative washing and care instructions. TIPs helped confirm feasibility of these interventions. Although our findings are time- and context-specific, TIPs could help improve consistency and effectiveness of current LLIN use and prolong net lifespan in sub-Saharan Africa and elsewhere. This would help maximize the value of shrinking donor resources for malaria. PMID:23530074

23 CFR 661.31 - Do IRRBP projects have to be listed on an approved IRR TIP?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 23 Highways 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Do IRRBP projects have to be listed on an approved IRR... ENGINEERING AND TRAFFIC OPERATIONS INDIAN RESERVATION ROAD BRIDGE PROGRAM § 661.31 Do IRRBP projects have to be listed on an approved IRR TIP? Yes. All IRRBP projects must be listed on an approved IRR TIP. The...

Advanced and innovative wind energy concept development: Dynamic inducer system, executive summary

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lissaman, P. B. S.; Zalay, A. D.; Hibbs, B. H.

1981-05-01

Concepts to improve the technical and economic performance of wind energy conversion systems (WECS) were examined. One technique for improving the cost-effectiveness of WECS is the use of tip vanes. Tip vanes are small airfoils attached approximately at right angles to the rotor tips with their span oriented approximately parallel to the local freestream. The performance benefits of the dynamic inducer tip vane system were demonstrated Tow-tests conducted on a three-bladed, 3.6-meter diameter rotor show that a dynamic inducer can achieve a power coefficient of 0.5, which exceeds that of a plain rotor by about 35%.

Reasons for low aerodynamic performance of 13.5-centimeter-tip-diameter aircraft engine starter turbine

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Haas, J. E.; Roelke, R. J.; Hermann, P.

1981-01-01

The reasons for the low aerodynamic performance of a 13.5 cm tip diameter aircraft engine starter turbine were investigated. Both the stator and the stage were evaluated. Approximately 10 percent improvement in turbine efficiency was obtained when the honeycomb shroud over the rotor blade tips was filled to obtain a solid shroud surface. Efficiency improvements were obtained for three rotor configurations when the shroud was filled. It is suggested that the large loss associated with the open honeycomb shroud is due primarily to energy loss associated with gas transportation as a result of the blade to blade pressure differential at the tip section.

Scanning tip microwave near field microscope

DOEpatents

Xiang, X.D.; Schultz, P.G.; Wei, T.

1998-10-13

A microwave near field microscope has a novel microwave probe structure wherein the probing field of evanescent radiation is emitted from a sharpened metal tip instead of an aperture or gap. This sharpened tip, which is electrically and mechanically connected to a central electrode, extends through and beyond an aperture in an end wall of a microwave resonating device such as a microwave cavity resonator or a microwave stripline resonator. Since the field intensity at the tip increases as the tip sharpens, the total energy which is radiated from the tip and absorbed by the sample increases as the tip sharpens. The result is improved spatial resolution without sacrificing sensitivity. 17 figs.

Scanning tip microwave near field microscope

DOEpatents

Xiang, Xiao-Dong; Schultz, Peter G.; Wei, Tao

1998-01-01

A microwave near field microscope has a novel microwave probe structure wherein the probing field of evanescent radiation is emitted from a sharpened metal tip instead of an aperture or gap. This sharpened tip, which is electrically and mechanically connected to a central electrode, extends through and beyond an aperture in an endwall of a microwave resonating device such as a microwave cavity resonator or a microwave stripline resonator. Since the field intensity at the tip increases as the tip sharpens, the total energy which is radiated from the tip and absorbed by the sample increases as the tip sharpens. The result is improved spatial resolution without sacrificing sensitivity.

The Rice Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factor TDR INTERACTING PROTEIN2 Is a Central Switch in Early Anther Development[C][W

PubMed Central

Fu, Zhenzhen; Yu, Jing; Cheng, Xiaowei; Zong, Xu; Xu, Jie; Chen, Mingjiao; Li, Zongyun; Zhang, Dabing; Liang, Wanqi

2014-01-01

In male reproductive development in plants, meristemoid precursor cells possessing transient, stem cell–like features undergo cell divisions and differentiation to produce the anther, the male reproductive organ. The anther contains centrally positioned microsporocytes surrounded by four distinct layers of wall: the epidermis, endothecium, middle layer, and tapetum. Here, we report that the rice (Oryza sativa) basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) protein TDR INTERACTING PROTEIN2 (TIP2) functions as a crucial switch in the meristemoid transition and differentiation during early anther development. The tip2 mutants display undifferentiated inner three anther wall layers and abort tapetal programmed cell death, causing complete male sterility. TIP2 has two paralogs in rice, TDR and EAT1, which are key regulators of tapetal programmed cell death. We revealed that TIP2 acts upstream of TDR and EAT1 and directly regulates the expression of TDR and EAT1. In addition, TIP2 can interact with TDR, indicating a role of TIP2 in later anther development. Our findings suggest that the bHLH proteins TIP2, TDR, and EAT1 play a central role in regulating differentiation, morphogenesis, and degradation of anther somatic cell layers, highlighting the role of paralogous bHLH proteins in regulating distinct steps of plant cell–type determination. PMID:24755456

Advanced turbine blade tip seal system

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Zelahy, J. W.

1981-01-01

An advanced blade/shroud system designed to maintain close clearance between blade tips and turbine shrouds and at the same time, be resistant to environmental effects including high temperature oxidation, hot corrosion, and thermal cycling is described. Increased efficiency and increased blade life are attained by using the advanced blade tip seal system. Features of the system include improved clearance control when blade tips preferentially wear the shrouds and a superior single crystal superalloy tip. The tip design, joint location, characterization of the single crystal tip alloy, the abrasive tip treatment, and the component and engine test are among the factors addressed. Results of wear testing, quality control plans, and the total manufacturing cycle required to fully process the blades are also discussed.

Tips pentacene crystal alignment for improving performance of solution processed organic thin film transistors

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

He, Zhengran

A newly-developed p-type organic semiconductor 6,13-bis (triisopropylsilylethynyl) pentacene (TIPS pentacene) demonstrates various advantages such as high mobility, air stability and solution processibility, but at the same time its application is restricted by major issues, such as crystal misorientation and performance variation of organic thin-film transistors (OTFTs). This dissertation demonstrates several different approaches to address these issues. As a result, both crystal orientation and areal coverage can be effectively improved, leading to an enhancement of average mobility and performance consistency of OTFTs. Chapter 1 presents an introduction and background of this dissertation. Chapter 2 explores the usage of inorganic silica nanoparticles to manipulate the morphology of TIPS pentacene thin films and the performance of solution-processed organic OTFTs. The resultant drop-cast films yield improved morphological uniformity at ~10% SiO2 loading, which also leads to a 3-fold increase in average mobility and nearly 4-times reduction in the ratio of standard deviation of mobility (μStdev) to average mobility (μAvg). The experimental results suggest that the SiO2 nanoparticles mostly aggregate at TIPS pentacene grain boundaries, and that 10% nanoparticle concentration effectively reduces the undesirable crystal misorientation without considerably compromising TIPS pentacene crystallinity. Chapter 3 discusses the utilization of air flow to effectively reduce the TIPS pentacene crystal anisotropy and enhance performance consistency in OTFTs. Under air-flow navigation (AFN), TIPS pentacene forms thin films with improved crystal orientation and increased areal coverage, which subsequently lead to a four-fold increase of average hole mobility and one order of magnitude enhancement in performance consistency. Chapter 4 investigates the critical roles of lateral and vertical phase separation in the performance of the next-generation organic and hybrid electronic devices. A novel method is demonstrated here to switch between lateral and vertical phase separation in semiconducting TIPS pentacene/ polymer blend films by simply varying the alkyl length of the polyacrylate polymer component. The phase separation modes depend on intermolecular interactions between small molecule TIPS pentacene and polymer additives. The blend film with a dominant vertical phase separation exhibits a significant enhancement in average mobility and performance consistency of organic OTFTs. Chapter 5 demonstrates an effective approach to improve both charge transport and performance consistency in solution-processed OTFTs by blending TIPS pentacene with a series of small-molecule additives: 4-butylbenzoic acid (BBA), 4-hexylbenzoic acid (HBA), and 4-octylbenzoic acid (OBA). These three small molecules share a benzoic acid moiety, but have different length of hydrophobic tails. The self-assembled interfacial layer of small molecules on the gate oxide surface leads to uniform deposition of TIPS pentacene crystal seeds and facilitates TIPS pentacene to grow along the tilted orientation of substrate, which results in a film of enhanced crystal orientation and areal coverage. OTFTs based on TIPS pentacene/small molecule blends demonstrate greatly improved average hole mobility and performance consistency, which correlates with the length of hydrophobic tail of the small-molecule additives. Chapter 6 summarizes the conclusions of this dissertation and the related future work.

Two-stage fan. 3: Data and performance with rotor tip casing treatment, uniform and distorted inlet flows

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Burger, G. D.; Hodges, T. R.; Keenan, M. J.

1975-01-01

A two stage fan with a 1st-stage rotor design tip speed of 1450 ft/sec, a design pressure ratio of 2.8, and corrected flow of 184.2 lbm/sec was tested with axial skewed slots in the casings over the tips of both rotors. The variable stagger stators were set in the nominal positions. Casing treatment improved stall margin by nine percentage points at 70 percent speed but decreased stall margin, efficiency, and flow by small amounts at design speed. Treatment improved first stage performance at low speed only and decreased second stage performance at all operating conditions. Casing treatment did not affect the stall line with tip radially distorted flow but improved stall margin with circumferentially distorted flow. Casing treatment increased the attenuation for both types of inlet flow distortion.

Technology Tips

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Santos-Trigo, Manuel

2004-01-01

A dynamic program for geometry called Cabri Geometry II is used to examine properties of figures like triangles and make connections with other mathematical ideas like ellipse. The technology tip includes directions for creating such a problem with technology and suggestions for exploring it.

Preventing Childhood Obesity: Tips for Parents and Caregivers

MedlinePlus

... Works Healthy Workplace Food and Beverage Toolkit Preventing Childhood Obesity: Tips for Parents and Caretakers Updated:Aug 27, ... gradually. Healthier Kids • Healthier Kids Home • Our Programs • Childhood Obesity Introduction Overweight in Children BMI in Children Is ...

Hover and Wind-Tunnel Testing of Shrouded Rotors for Improved Micro Air Vehicle Design

DTIC Science & Technology

2008-01-01

and the shroud surface pressure distributions. The uniformity of the wake was improved by the presence of the shrouds and by decreasing the blade tip...213 3.35 Effect of blade tip clearance on shrouded-rotor exit-plane wake profiles215 3.36 Effects of changing blade tip clearance on induced...Wright [139] developed a vortex wake model for heavily loaded ducted fans, in which the “inner vortex sheets [shed from the blades ] move at a different

Sea trials of a ducted tip propeller designed for improved cavitation performance

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Hordnes, I.; Bidaud, A.; Green, S.I.

1994-12-31

Studies have shown that ``ring-wing`` or ``ducted`` tip devices reduce substantially the inception index of trailing vortices generated by a hydrofoil (Green et al. 1988). It has also been shown that these devices improve the lift/drag ratio of an airfoil at high angle of incidence (Duan et al. 1992). These finding indicate that there may be a marine application for the ducted tip. Experimental equipment has been designed and manufactured in preparation for upcoming tests of a propeller with ducted tips. The tips are tubes aligned with the propeller blade tips that will replace a radial fraction of the originalmore » blade tips equal to the diameter of the tubes. The tube dimensions have been chosen according to the span/tip diameter and chord/tip length ratios used by Duan et al. (1992), and the tubes will be given a curvature equal to the propeller tip radius. Field trials will be given a curvature equal to the propeller tip radius. Field trials will be conducted on a 36 inch diameter propeller that is used to propel a 45 ft. fishing (seine) boat operating in the coastal waters outside Vancouver. The performance of the propeller will be measured in terms of the propeller efficiency as a function of advance ratio. A special force transducer has been designed that is capable of recording both torque and thrust on the propeller shaft even though these are expected to produce shaft strains of different orders of magnitude. As a supplementary means of monitoring the propeller performance, a hydrophone will be located near the propeller wake in order to measure the tip vortex cavitation noise.« less

Study Of Flow About A Helicopter Rotor

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Tauber, Michael E.; Owen, F. Kevin

1989-01-01

Noninvasive instrument verifies computer program predicting velocities. Laser velocimeter measurements confirm predictions of transonic flow field around tip of helicopter-rotor blade. Report discusses measurements, which yield high-resolution orthogonal velocity components of flow field at rotor-tip. Mach numbers from 0.85 to 0.95, and use of measurements in verifying ability of computer program ROT22 to predict transonic flow field, including occurrences, strengths, and locations of shock waves causing high drag and noise.

Large-Scale Fabrication of Carbon Nanotube Probe Tips For Atomic Force Microscopy Critical Dimension Imaging Applications

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Ye, Qi Laura; Cassell, Alan M.; Stevens, Ramsey M.; Meyyappan, Meyya; Li, Jun; Han, Jie; Liu, Hongbing; Chao, Gordon

2004-01-01

Carbon nanotube (CNT) probe tips for atomic force microscopy (AFM) offer several advantages over Si/Si3N4 probe tips, including improved resolution, shape, and mechanical properties. This viewgraph presentation discusses these advantages, and the drawbacks of existing methods for fabricating CNT probe tips for AFM. The presentation introduces a bottom up wafer scale fabrication method for CNT probe tips which integrates catalyst nanopatterning and nanomaterials synthesis with traditional silicon cantilever microfabrication technology. This method makes mass production of CNT AFM probe tips feasible, and can be applied to the fabrication of other nanodevices with CNT elements.

Web-Based Tailored Intervention for Preparation of Parents and Children for Outpatient Surgery (WebTIPS): Formative Evaluation and Randomized Controlled Trial

PubMed Central

Fortier, Michelle A.; Bunzli, Elizabeth; Walthall, Jessica; Olshansky, Ellen; Saadat, Haleh; Santistevan, Ricci; Mayes, Linda; Kain, Zeev N.

2015-01-01

Background The purpose of this two-phase project was to conduct formative evaluation and test the preliminary efficacy of a newly developed web-based, tailored behavioral preparation program (WebTIPS) for children undergoing outpatient surgery and their parents Methods Phase I enrolled 13 children aged 2–7 years undergoing outpatient elective surgery and their parents for formative evaluation of WebTIPS. Parent participation focus groups which are common in qualitative research and are a method of asking research participants about their perceptions and attitudes regarding a product or concept. In phase II, children age 2–7 years in two medical centers were randomly assigned to receive the WebTIPS program (n = 38) compared to children receiving standard of care (n = 44). The primary outcome of phase II was child and parent preoperative anxiety. Results In phase I, parents reported WebTIPS to be both helpful (p < 0.001) and easy to use (p < 0.001). In phase II, children in the WebTIPS group (36.2 ± 14.1) were less anxious than children in the standard of care group (46.0 ± 19.0) at entrance to the operating room (p = 0.02; Cohen’s d = 0.59) and introduction of the anesthesia mask (43.5 ± 21.7 vs. 57.0 ± 21.2, respectively, p = 0.01; Cohen’s d = 0.63). Parents in the WebTIPS group (32.1 ± 7.4) also experienced less anxiety compared to parents in the control group (36.8 ± 7.1) in the preoperative holding area (p = 0.004; Cohen’s d = 0.65). Conclusions WebTIPS was well received by parents and children and led to reductions in preoperative anxiety. PMID:25790213

Method of making biocompatible electrodes

DOEpatents

Wollam, John S.

1992-01-01

A process of improving the sensing function of biocompatible electrodes and the product so made are disclosed. The process is designed to alter the surfaces of the electrodes at their tips to provide increased surface area and therefore decreased contact resistance at the electrode-tissue interface for increased sensitivity and essentially includes rendering the tips atomically clean by exposing them to bombardment by ions of an inert gas, depositing an adhesion layer on the cleaned tips, forming a hillocked layer on the adhesion layer by increasing the temperature of the tips, and applying a biocompatible coating on the hillocked layer. The resultant biocompatible electrode is characterized by improved sensitivity, minimum voltage requirement for organ stimulation and a longer battery life for the device in which it is employed.

Extended Glauert tip correction to include vortex rollup effects

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Maniaci, David; Schmitz, Sven

Wind turbine loads predictions by blade-element momentum theory using the standard tip-loss correction have been shown to over-predict loading near the blade tip in comparison to experimental data. This over-prediction is theorized to be due to the assumption of light rotor loading, inherent in the standard tip-loss correction model of Glauert. A higher- order free-wake method, WindDVE, is used to compute the rollup process of the trailing vortex sheets downstream of wind turbine blades. Results obtained serve an exact correction function to the Glauert tip correction used in blade-element momentum methods. Lastly, it is found that accounting for the effectsmore » of tip vortex rollup within the Glauert tip correction indeed results in improved prediction of blade tip loads computed by blade-element momentum methods.« less

Extended Glauert tip correction to include vortex rollup effects

DOE PAGES

Maniaci, David; Schmitz, Sven

2016-10-03

Wind turbine loads predictions by blade-element momentum theory using the standard tip-loss correction have been shown to over-predict loading near the blade tip in comparison to experimental data. This over-prediction is theorized to be due to the assumption of light rotor loading, inherent in the standard tip-loss correction model of Glauert. A higher- order free-wake method, WindDVE, is used to compute the rollup process of the trailing vortex sheets downstream of wind turbine blades. Results obtained serve an exact correction function to the Glauert tip correction used in blade-element momentum methods. Lastly, it is found that accounting for the effectsmore » of tip vortex rollup within the Glauert tip correction indeed results in improved prediction of blade tip loads computed by blade-element momentum methods.« less

Numerical investigation of tip clearance effects on the performance of ducted propeller

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ding, Yongle; Song, Baowei; Wang, Peng

2015-09-01

Tip clearance loss is a limitation of the improvement of turbomachine performance. Previous studies show the Tip clearance loss is generated by the leakage flow through the tip clearance, and is roughly linearly proportional to the gap size. This study investigates the tip clearance effects on the performance of ducted propeller. The investigation was carried out by solving the Navier-Stokes equations with the commercial Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) code CFX14.5. These simulations were carried out to determine the underlying mechanisms of the tip clearance effects. The calculations were performed at three different chosen advance ratios. Simulation results showed that the tip loss slope was not linearly at high advance due to the reversed pressure at the leading edge. Three type of vortical structures were observed in the tip clearance at different clearance size.

Marketing Your Camp to Diverse Populations: Tips To Reach Ethnic Markets.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Nicodemus, Teresa

2000-01-01

Cultural differences enhance the wonder of camp. Tips for reaching diverse populations include emphasizing multicultural programming in promotional materials, distributing flyers in diverse neighborhoods, having diverse staff, advertising on radio stations popular with ethnic communities, offering scholarships, advertising through national ethnic…

23 CFR 450.330 - Project selection from the TIP.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 23 Highways 1 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Project selection from the TIP. 450.330 Section 450.330 Highways FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION PLANNING AND RESEARCH PLANNING ASSISTANCE AND STANDARDS Metropolitan Transportation Planning and Programming § 450.330 Project selection...

23 CFR 450.330 - Project selection from the TIP.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 23 Highways 1 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Project selection from the TIP. 450.330 Section 450.330 Highways FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION PLANNING AND RESEARCH PLANNING ASSISTANCE AND STANDARDS Metropolitan Transportation Planning and Programming § 450.330 Project selection...

23 CFR 450.330 - Project selection from the TIP.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 23 Highways 1 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Project selection from the TIP. 450.330 Section 450.330 Highways FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION PLANNING AND RESEARCH PLANNING ASSISTANCE AND STANDARDS Metropolitan Transportation Planning and Programming § 450.330 Project selection...

23 CFR 450.330 - Project selection from the TIP.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 23 Highways 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Project selection from the TIP. 450.330 Section 450.330 Highways FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION PLANNING AND RESEARCH PLANNING ASSISTANCE AND STANDARDS Metropolitan Transportation Planning and Programming § 450.330 Project selection...

Summary and recent results from the NASA advanced High Speed Propeller Research Program

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Mitchell, G. A.; Mikkelson, D. C.

1982-01-01

Advanced high-speed propellers offer large performance improvements for aircraft that cruise in the Mach 0.7 to 0.8 speed regime. The current status of the NASA research program on high-speed propeller aerodynamics, acoustics, and aeroelastics is described. Recent wind tunnel results for five 8- to 10-blade advanced models are compared with analytical predictions. Test results show that blade sweep was important in achieving net efficiencies near 80 percent at Mach 0.8 and reducing near-field cruise noise by dB. Lifting line and lifting surface aerodynamic analysis codes are under development and some initial lifting line results are compared with propeller force and probe data. Some initial laser velocimeter measurements of the flow field velocities of an 8-bladed 45 deg swept propeller are shown. Experimental aeroelastic results indicate that cascade effects and blade sweep strongly affect propeller aeroelastic characteristics. Comparisons of propeller near-field noise data with linear acoustic theory indicate that the theory adequate predicts near-field noise for subsonic tip speeds but overpredicts the noise for supersonic tip speeds. Potential large gains in propeller efficiency of 7 to 11 percent at Mach 0.8 may be possible with advanced counter-rotation propellers.

JT8D high pressure compressor performance improvement

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Gaffin, W. O.

1981-01-01

An improved performance high pressure compressor with potential application to all models of the JT8D engine was designed. The concept consisted of a trenched abradable rubstrip which mates with the blade tips for each of the even rotor stages. This feature allows tip clearances to be set so blade tips run at or near the optimum radius relative to the flowpath wall, without the danger of damaging the blades during transients and maneuvers. The improved compressor demonstrated thrust specific fuel consumption and exhaust gas temperature improvements of 1.0 percent and at least 10 C over the takeoff and climb power range at sea level static conditions, compared to a bill-of-material high pressure compressor. Surge margin also improved 4 percentage points over the high power operating range. A thrust specific fuel consumption improvement of 0.7 percent at typical cruise conditions was calculated based on the sea level test results.

Selected advanced aerodynamics and active controls technology concepts development on a derivative B-747 aircraft

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1983-01-01

Analytical design and wind tunnel test evaluations covering the feasibility of applying wing tip extensions, winglets, and active control wing had alleviation to the model B747 are described. Aerodynamic improvement offered by wing tip extension and winglet individually, and the combined aerodynamic and weight improvements when wing load alleviation is combined with the tip extension or the winglet are evaluated. Results are presented in the form of incremental effects on weight mission range, fuel usage, cost, and airline operating economics.

Use of an Atrial Lead with Very Short Tip-To-Ring Spacing Avoids Oversensing of Far-Field R-Wave

PubMed Central

Kolb, Christof; Nölker, Georg; Lennerz, Carsten; Jetter, Hansmartin; Semmler, Verena; Pürner, Klaus; Gutleben, Klaus-Jürgen; Reents, Tilko; Lang, Klaus; Lotze, Ulrich

2012-01-01

Objective The AVOID-FFS (Avoidance of Far-Field R-wave Sensing) study aimed to investigate whether an atrial lead with a very short tip-to-ring spacing without optimization of pacemaker settings shows equally low incidence of far-field R-wave sensing (FFS) when compared to a conventional atrial lead in combination with optimization of the programming. Methods Patients receiving a dual chamber pacemaker were randomly assigned to receive an atrial lead with a tip-to-ring spacing of 1.1 mm or a lead with a conventional tip-to-ring spacing of 10 mm. Postventricular atrial blanking (PVAB) was programmed to the shortest possible value of 60 ms in the study group, and to an individually determined optimized value in the control group. Atrial sensing threshold was programmed to 0.3 mV in both groups. False positive mode switch caused by FFS was evaluated at one and three months post implantation. Results A total of 204 patients (121 male; age 73±10 years) were included in the study. False positive mode switch caused by FFS was detected in one (1%) patient of the study group and two (2%) patients of the control group (p = 0.62). Conclusion The use of an atrial electrode with a very short tip-to-ring spacing avoids inappropriate mode switch caused by FFS without the need for individual PVAB optimization. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00512915 PMID:22745661

Use of an atrial lead with very short tip-to-ring spacing avoids oversensing of far-field R-wave.

PubMed

Kolb, Christof; Nölker, Georg; Lennerz, Carsten; Jetter, Hansmartin; Semmler, Verena; Pürner, Klaus; Gutleben, Klaus-Jürgen; Reents, Tilko; Lang, Klaus; Lotze, Ulrich

2012-01-01

The AVOID-FFS (Avoidance of Far-Field R-wave Sensing) study aimed to investigate whether an atrial lead with a very short tip-to-ring spacing without optimization of pacemaker settings shows equally low incidence of far-field R-wave sensing (FFS) when compared to a conventional atrial lead in combination with optimization of the programming. Patients receiving a dual chamber pacemaker were randomly assigned to receive an atrial lead with a tip-to-ring spacing of 1.1 mm or a lead with a conventional tip-to-ring spacing of 10 mm. Postventricular atrial blanking (PVAB) was programmed to the shortest possible value of 60 ms in the study group, and to an individually determined optimized value in the control group. Atrial sensing threshold was programmed to 0.3 mV in both groups. False positive mode switch caused by FFS was evaluated at one and three months post implantation. A total of 204 patients (121 male; age 73±10 years) were included in the study. False positive mode switch caused by FFS was detected in one (1%) patient of the study group and two (2%) patients of the control group (p = 0.62). The use of an atrial electrode with a very short tip-to-ring spacing avoids inappropriate mode switch caused by FFS without the need for individual PVAB optimization. ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00512915.

Tip-enhanced near-field Raman spectroscopy with a scanning tunneling microscope and side-illumination optics.

PubMed

Yi, K J; He, X N; Zhou, Y S; Xiong, W; Lu, Y F

2008-07-01

Conventional Raman spectroscopy (RS) suffers from low spatial resolution and low detection sensitivity due to the optical diffraction limit and small interaction cross sections. It has been reported that a highly localized and significantly enhanced electromagnetic field could be generated in the proximity of a metallic tip illuminated by a laser beam. In this study, a tip-enhanced RS system was developed to both improve the resolution and enhance the detection sensitivity using the tip-enhanced near-field effects. This instrument, by combining RS with a scanning tunneling microscope and side-illumination optics, demonstrated significant enhancement on both optical sensitivity and spatial resolution using either silver (Ag)-coated tungsten (W) tips or gold (Au) tips. The sensitivity improvement was verified by observing the enhancement effects on silicon (Si) substrates. Lateral resolution was verified to be below 100 nm by mapping Ag nanostructures. By deploying the depolarization technique, an apparent enhancement of 175% on Si substrates was achieved. Furthermore, the developed instrument features fast and reliable optical alignment, versatile sample adaptability, and effective suppression of far-field signals.

Thin-film morphology of inkjet-printed single-droplet organic transistors using polarized Raman spectroscopy: effect of blending TIPS-pentacene with insulating polymer.

PubMed

James, David T; Kjellander, B K Charlotte; Smaal, Wiljan T T; Gelinck, Gerwin H; Combe, Craig; McCulloch, Iain; Wilson, Richard; Burroughes, Jeremy H; Bradley, Donal D C; Kim, Ji-Seon

2011-12-27

We report thin-film morphology studies of inkjet-printed single-droplet organic thin-film transistors (OTFTs) using angle-dependent polarized Raman spectroscopy. We show this to be an effective technique to determine the degree of molecular order as well as to spatially resolve the orientation of the conjugated backbones of the 6,13-bis(triisopropylsilylethynyl)pentacene (TIPS-Pentacene) molecules. The addition of an insulating polymer, polystyrene (PS), does not disrupt the π-π stacking of the TIPS-Pentacene molecules. Blending in fact improves the uniformity of the molecular morphology and the active layer coverage within the device and reduces the variation in molecular orientation between polycrystalline domains. For OTFT performance, blending enhances the saturation mobility from 0.22 ± 0.05 cm(2)/(V·s) (TIPS-Pentacene) to 0.72 ± 0.17 cm(2)/(V·s) (TIPS-Pentacene:PS) in addition to improving the quality of the interface between TIPS-Pentacene and the gate dielectric in the channel, resulting in threshold voltages of ∼0 V and steep subthreshold slopes.

Trials of Improved Practices (TIPs) to Enhance the Dietary and Iron-Folate Intake during Pregnancy- A Quasi Experimental Study among Rural Pregnant Women of Varanasi, India.

PubMed

Shivalli, Siddharudha; Srivastava, Ratan Kumar; Singh, Gyan Prakash

2015-01-01

Behavior Change Communications (BCC) play a decisive role in modifying socio-cultural norms affecting the perception and nutritional practices during pregnancy. To examine the effectiveness of 'Trials of Improved Practices' (TIPs) on dietary and iron-folate intake during pregnancy. Community based quasi experimental study with a control group. Four villages of Chiraigaon Community Development Block of Varanasi, India from May 2010 and recruited from August 2010. End line assessment, after 12 weeks of intervention, was completed in April 2011. Pregnant women in 13-28 weeks of gestation. TIPs was implemented in addition to ongoing essential obstetric care services in two villages through 3 home (assessment, negotiation and evaluation) visits and only assessment and evaluation visits in the other two control villages. Interpersonal communication, endorsing the active participation of family members and home based reminder materials were the TIPs based strategies. The effect of TIPs was assessed by comparing key outcome variables at baseline and after 12 weeks of intervention. Hemoglobin%, anemia prevalence, weight gain, compliance for iron-folate supplementation and dietary intake of calorie, protein, calcium and iron. A total of 86 participants completed the study. At the end, mean hemoglobin levels were 11.5±1.24 g/dl and 10.37±1.38 g/dl in the TIPs and control groups, respectively. The prevalence of anemia reduced by half in TIPs group and increased by 2.4% in the control group. Weight gain (grams/week) was significantly (p<0.01) higher in TIPs group (326.9±91.8 vs. 244.6±97.4). More than 85% of the PW in TIPs group were compliant for Iron-folate and only 38% were compliant among controls. The mean intake of protein increased by 1.78gm in intervention group and decreased by 1.81 gm in controls (p<0.05). More than two thirds of PW in TIPs group were taking one extra meal and only one third of controls were doing the same. TIPs found to be an effective approach to improve the nutritional status of pregnant women in the study area. TIPs strategy could be further explored on larger sample representing different socio-cultural and geographical areas. Clinical Trial Registry of India CTRI/2015/02/005517.

Nanostar probes for tip-enhanced spectroscopy

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kim, Woong; Kim, Nara; Park, Joon Won; Kim, Zee Hwan

2015-12-01

To overcome the current limit of tip-enhanced spectroscopy that is based on metallic nano-probes, we developed a new scanning probe with a metallic nanostar, a nanoparticle with sharp spikes. A Au nanoparticle of 5 nm was first attached to the end of a tip through DNA-DNA hybridization and mechanical pick-up. The nanoparticle was converted to a nanostar with a core diameter of ~70 nm and spike lengths between 50 nm and 80 nm through the reduction of Au3+ with ascorbic acid in the presence of Ag+. Fabrication yields of such tips exceeded 60%, and more than 80% of such tips showed a mechanical durability sufficient for use in scanning microscopy. Effectiveness of the new probes for tip-enhanced Raman scattering (TERS) and tip-enhanced fluorescence (TEF) was confirmed. The probes exhibited the necessary enhancement for TEF, and the tip-on and tip-off ratios varied between 5 and 100. This large tip-to-tip variability may arise from the uncontrolled orientation of the apexes of the spike with respect to the sample surface, which calls for further fabrication improvement. The result overall supports a new fabrication approach for the probe that is effective for tip-enhanced spectroscopy.To overcome the current limit of tip-enhanced spectroscopy that is based on metallic nano-probes, we developed a new scanning probe with a metallic nanostar, a nanoparticle with sharp spikes. A Au nanoparticle of 5 nm was first attached to the end of a tip through DNA-DNA hybridization and mechanical pick-up. The nanoparticle was converted to a nanostar with a core diameter of ~70 nm and spike lengths between 50 nm and 80 nm through the reduction of Au3+ with ascorbic acid in the presence of Ag+. Fabrication yields of such tips exceeded 60%, and more than 80% of such tips showed a mechanical durability sufficient for use in scanning microscopy. Effectiveness of the new probes for tip-enhanced Raman scattering (TERS) and tip-enhanced fluorescence (TEF) was confirmed. The probes exhibited the necessary enhancement for TEF, and the tip-on and tip-off ratios varied between 5 and 100. This large tip-to-tip variability may arise from the uncontrolled orientation of the apexes of the spike with respect to the sample surface, which calls for further fabrication improvement. The result overall supports a new fabrication approach for the probe that is effective for tip-enhanced spectroscopy. Electronic supplementary information (ESI) available: Illustrations of TERS and TEF experiments, information about the TEM images, scheme of surface preparation and peak assignments of TERS spectra. See DOI: 10.1039/c5nr06657c

Comparison of different focusing fiber tips for improved oral diode laser surgery.

PubMed

Stock, Karl; Stegmayer, Thomas; Graser, Rainer; Förster, Wolfram; Hibst, Raimund

2012-12-01

State of the art for use of the fiber guided diode laser in dental therapy is the application of bare fibers. A novel concept with delivery fiber and exchangeable fiber tips enables the use of tips with special and optimized geometries for various applications. The aim of this study is the comparison of different focusing fiber tips for enhanced cutting efficacy in oral surgery. For this purpose various designs of tip geometry were investigated and optimized by ray tracing simulations. Two applicators, one with a sphere, and another one with a taper, were realized and tested on porcine gingiva (diode laser, 940 nm, 5 W/cw; 7 W/modulated). The cutting depth and quality were determined by light microscope. Histological sections of the cuts were prepared by a cryo-microtome and microscopically analyzed to determine the cut depths and thermal damage zones. The simulations show that, using a sphere as fiber tip, an intensity increase of up to a factor of 16.2 in air, and 13.2 in water compared to a bare 200 µm fiber can be achieved. Although offering high focusing factor in water, the cutting quality of the sphere was rather poor. This is probably caused by a derogation of the focusing quality due to contamination during cutting and light scattering. Much better results were achieved with conically shaped fiber tips. Compared to bare fibers they exhibit improved handling properties with no hooking, more regular and deeper cuts (5 W/cw: 2,393 ± 468 µm, compared to the cleaved bare fiber 5 W/cw: 711 ± 268 µm). The thermal damage zones of the cuts are comparable for the various tips and fibers. In conclusion the results of our study show that cutting quality and efficiency of diode laser on soft tissue can be significantly improved using conically shaped fiber tips. Copyright © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Report on using TIPS (Teaching Information Processing System) in teaching physics and astronomy

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Folland, Nathan O.; Marchini, Robert R.; Rhyner, Charles R.; Zeilik, Michael

1983-05-01

A computer-managed instruction system, TIPS, has been used for over a decade in the teaching of diverse disciplines. This paper describes the recent use of TIPS in physics and astronomy courses at Kansas State University, Memphis State University, University of New Mexico, and University of Wisconsin-Green Bay. Student reactions to TIPS were largely positive, but the degree of success in improving student performance reported in many articles has not been observed.

Observations from varying the lift and drag inputs to a noise prediction method for supersonic helical tip speed propellers

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Dittmar, J. H.

1984-01-01

Previous comparisons between calculated and measured supersonic helical tip speed propeller noise show them to have different trends of peak blade passing tone versus helical tip Mach number. It was postulated that improvements in this comparison could be made first by including the drag force terms in the prediction and then by reducing the blade lift terms at the tip to allow the drag forces to dominate the noise prediction. Propeller hub to tip lift distributions were varied, but they did not yield sufficient change in the predicted lift noise to improve the comparison. This result indicates that some basic changes in the theory may be needed. In addition, the noise predicted by the drag forces did not exhibit the same curve shape as the measured data. So even if the drag force terms were to dominate, the trends with helical tip Mach number for theory and experiment would still not be the same. The effect of the blade shock wave pressure rise was approxmated by increasing the drag coefficient at the blade tip. Predictions using this shock wdave approximation did have a curve shape similar to the measured data. This result indicates that the shock pressure rise probably controls the noise at supersonic tip speed and that the linear prediction method can give the proper noise trend with Mach number.

Tip vortex computer code SRATIP. User's guide

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Levy, R.; Lin, S. J.

1985-01-01

This User's Guide applies to the three dimensional viscous flow forward marching analysis, PEPSIG, as used for the calculation of the helicopter tip vortex flow field. The guide presents a discussion of the program flow and subroutines, as well as a list of sample input and output.

75 FR 66737 - Technology Innovation Program (TIP) Seeks Comments on White Papers

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-10-29

... institutions of higher education or other organizations, such as national laboratories and nonprofit research...-reward research in areas of critical national need. The TIP statutory authority is Section 3012 of the America Creating Opportunities to Meaningfully Promote Excellence in Technology, Education, and Science...

23 CFR 450.326 - TIP revisions and relationship to the STIP.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 23 Highways 1 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false TIP revisions and relationship to the STIP. 450.326 Section 450.326 Highways FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION PLANNING AND RESEARCH PLANNING ASSISTANCE AND STANDARDS Metropolitan Transportation Planning and Programming § 450.326...

23 CFR 450.326 - TIP revisions and relationship to the STIP.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 23 Highways 1 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false TIP revisions and relationship to the STIP. 450.326 Section 450.326 Highways FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION PLANNING AND RESEARCH PLANNING ASSISTANCE AND STANDARDS Metropolitan Transportation Planning and Programming § 450.326...

23 CFR 450.326 - TIP revisions and relationship to the STIP.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 23 Highways 1 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false TIP revisions and relationship to the STIP. 450.326 Section 450.326 Highways FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION PLANNING AND RESEARCH PLANNING ASSISTANCE AND STANDARDS Metropolitan Transportation Planning and Programming § 450.326...

23 CFR 450.326 - TIP revisions and relationship to the STIP.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 23 Highways 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false TIP revisions and relationship to the STIP. 450.326 Section 450.326 Highways FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION PLANNING AND RESEARCH PLANNING ASSISTANCE AND STANDARDS Metropolitan Transportation Planning and Programming § 450.326...

23 CFR 450.326 - TIP revisions and relationship to the STIP.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 23 Highways 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false TIP revisions and relationship to the STIP. 450.326 Section 450.326 Highways FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION PLANNING AND RESEARCH PLANNING ASSISTANCE AND STANDARDS Metropolitan Transportation Planning and Programming § 450.326...

Core compressor exit stage study. Volume 4: Data and performance report for the best stage configuration

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Wisler, D. C.

1981-01-01

The core compressor exit stage study program develops rear stage blading designs that have lower losses in their endwall boundary layer regions. The test data and performance results for the best stage configuration consisting of Rotor-B running with Stator-B are described. The technical approach in this efficiency improvement program utilizes a low speed research compressor. Tests were conducted in two ways: (1) to use four identical stages of blading to obtain test data in a true multistage environment and (2) to use a single stage of blading to compare with the multistage test results. The effects of increased rotor tip clearances and circumferential groove casing treatment are evaluated.

Propeller noise caused by blade tip radial forces

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hanson, D. B.

1986-01-01

New experimental evidence which indicates the presence of leading edge and tip edge vortex flow on Prop-Fans is examined, and performance and noise consequences are addressed. It was shown that the tip edge vortex is a significant noise source, particularly for unswept Prop-Fan blades. Preliminary calculations revealed that the addition of the tip side edge source to single rotation Prop-Fans during take off conditions improved the agreement between experiment and theory at blade passing frequency. At high-speed conditions such as the Prop-Fan cruise point, the tip loading effect tends to cancel thickness noise.

Note: Automated electrochemical etching and polishing of silver scanning tunneling microscope tips.

PubMed

Sasaki, Stephen S; Perdue, Shawn M; Rodriguez Perez, Alejandro; Tallarida, Nicholas; Majors, Julia H; Apkarian, V Ara; Lee, Joonhee

2013-09-01

Fabrication of sharp and smooth Ag tips is crucial in optical scanning probe microscope experiments. To ensure reproducible tip profiles, the polishing process is fully automated using a closed-loop laminar flow system to deliver the electrolytic solution to moving electrodes mounted on a motorized translational stage. The repetitive translational motion is controlled precisely on the μm scale with a stepper motor and screw-thread mechanism. The automated setup allows reproducible control over the tip profile and improves smoothness and sharpness of tips (radius 27 ± 18 nm), as measured by ultrafast field emission.

Improved design for a low temperature scanning tunneling microscope with an in situ tip treatment stage.

PubMed

Kim, J-J; Joo, S H; Lee, K S; Yoo, J H; Park, M S; Kwak, J S; Lee, Jinho

2017-04-01

The Low Temperature Scanning Tunneling Microscope (LT-STM) is an extremely valuable tool not only in surface science but also in condensed matter physics. For years, numerous new ideas have been adopted to perfect LT-STM performances-Ultra-Low Vibration (ULV) laboratory and the rigid STM head design are among them. Here, we present three improvements for the design of the ULV laboratory and the LT-STM: tip treatment stage, sample cleaving stage, and vibration isolation system. The improved tip treatment stage enables us to perform field emission for the purpose of tip treatment in situ without exchanging samples, while our enhanced sample cleaving stage allows us to cleave samples at low temperature in a vacuum without optical access by a simple pressing motion. Our newly designed vibration isolation system provides efficient space usage while maintaining vibration isolation capability. These improvements enhance the quality of spectroscopic imaging experiments that can last for many days and provide increased data yield, which we expect can be indispensable elements in future LT-STM designs.

Biophysics and clinical utility of irrigated-tip radiofrequency catheter ablation.

PubMed

Houmsse, Mahmoud; Daoud, Emile G

2012-01-01

Catheter ablation by radiofrequency (RF) energy has successfully eliminated cardiac tachyarrhythmias. RF ablation lesions are created by thermal energy. Electrode catheters with 4-mm-tips have been adequate to ablate arrhythmias located near the endocardium; however, the 4-mm-tip electrode does not readily ablate deeper tachyarrhythmia substrate. With 8- and 10-mm-tip RF electrodes, ablation lesions were larger; yet, these catheters are associated with increased risk for coagulum, char and thrombus formation, as well as myocardial steam rupture. Cooled-tip catheter technology was designed to cool the electrode tip, prevent excessive temperatures at the electrode tip-tissue interface, and thus allow continued delivery of RF current into the surrounding tissue. This ablation system creates larger and deeper ablation lesions and minimizes steam pops and thrombus formation. The purpose of this article is to review cooled-tip RF ablation biophysics and outcomes of clinical studies as well as to discuss future technological improvements.

Turbine blade tip clearance measurement using a skewed dual-beam fiber optic sensor

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ye, De-chao; Duan, Fa-jie; Guo, Hao-tian; Li, Yangzong; Wang, Kai

2012-08-01

Optimization and active control of the tip clearance of turbine blades has been identified as a key to improve fuel efficiency, reduce emission, and increase service life of the engine. However, reliable and real-time tip clearance measurement is difficult due to the adverse environmental conditions that are typically found in a turbine. We describe a dual-beam fiber optic measurement system that can measure the tip timing and tip clearance simultaneously. Because the tip timing information is used to calculate the tip clearance, the method is insensitive to the signal intensity variation caused by fluctuations in environmental conditions such as light source instability, contamination, and blade tip imperfection. The system was calibrated and tested using experimental rotors. The test results indicated a high resolution of 4.5 μm and measurement accuracy of ±20 μm over the rotation speed range of 2000 to 10,000 rpm.

Materials for advanced turbine engines. Volume 1: Advanced blade tip seal system

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Zelahy, J. W.; Fairbanks, N. P.

1982-01-01

Project 3, the subject of this technical report, was structured toward the successful engine demonstration of an improved-efficiency, long-life, tip-seal system for turbine blades. The advanced tip-seal system was designed to maintain close operating clearances between turbine blade tips and turbine shrouds and, at the same time, be resistant to environmental effects including high-temperature oxidation, hot corrosion, and thermal cycling. The turbine blade tip comprised an environmentally resistant, activated-diffussion-bonded, monocrystal superalloy combined with a thin layer of aluminium oxide abrasive particles entrapped in an electroplated NiCr matrix. The project established the tip design and joint location, characterized the single-crystal tip alloy and abrasive tip treatment, and established the manufacturing and quality-control plans required to fully process the blades. A total of 171 blades were fully manufactured, and 100 were endurance and performance engine-tested.

Local food-based complementary feeding recommendations developed by the linear programming approach to improve the intake of problem nutrients among 12-23-month-old Myanmar children.

PubMed

Hlaing, Lwin Mar; Fahmida, Umi; Htet, Min Kyaw; Utomo, Budi; Firmansyah, Agus; Ferguson, Elaine L

2016-07-01

Poor feeding practices result in inadequate nutrient intakes in young children in developing countries. To improve practices, local food-based complementary feeding recommendations (CFR) are needed. This cross-sectional survey aimed to describe current food consumption patterns of 12-23-month-old Myanmar children (n 106) from Ayeyarwady region in order to identify nutrient requirements that are difficult to achieve using local foods and to formulate affordable and realistic CFR to improve dietary adequacy. Weekly food consumption patterns were assessed using a 12-h weighed dietary record, single 24-h recall and a 5-d food record. Food costs were estimated by market surveys. CFR were formulated by linear programming analysis using WHO Optifood software and evaluated among mothers (n 20) using trial of improved practices (TIP). Findings showed that Ca, Zn, niacin, folate and Fe were 'problem nutrients': nutrients that did not achieve 100 % recommended nutrient intake even when the diet was optimised. Chicken liver, anchovy and roselle leaves were locally available nutrient-dense foods that would fill these nutrient gaps. The final set of six CFR would ensure dietary adequacy for five of twelve nutrients at a minimal cost of 271 kyats/d (based on the exchange rate of 900 kyats/USD at the time of data collection: 3rd quarter of 2012), but inadequacies remained for niacin, folate, thiamin, Fe, Zn, Ca and vitamin B6. TIP showed that mothers believed liver and vegetables would cause worms and diarrhoea, but these beliefs could be overcome to successfully promote liver consumption. Therefore, an acceptable set of CFR were developed to improve the dietary practices of 12-23-month-old Myanmar children using locally available foods. Alternative interventions such as fortification, however, are still needed to ensure dietary adequacy of all nutrients.

Start a Summer Arts Program.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Pedersen, Kirie

1984-01-01

Tips on organizing a creative teaching experience for summer vacation time are offered. Program organization, student selection, course content, publicity, and funding are aspects to be considered when planning a summer arts program. (DF)

Staff Training Tips: Focusing on Early Childhood Education and Services.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

2003

This document collects 15 brief guides to staff training in inclusive early childhood education settings. Guides offer examples of successful programs, research findings, and practical tips. Titles are: (1) "Giving Families Better Access to Early Intervention Services"; (2) "Creating Integrated Classrooms that Work"; (3) "Seamless Transition…

Teaching Tip: Adding Intercultural Communication to an IS Curriculum

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Mitchell, Alanah; Benyon, Rob

2018-01-01

Increasingly, today's information systems (IS) programs are focused on making sure students are graduating with well-developed soft skills. One of these necessary soft skills is intercultural communication, which is the ability to communicate with people from different cultures. This teaching tip presents an assignment designed to increase the…

Report of Total Involvement Professional Semester TIPS.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Payne, James I.

The goal of the Total Involvement Professional Semester (TIPS) was to allow elementary education students at Shippensburg State College to become involved in an educational environment in a meaningful way to develop their professional knowledge and skills. The experimental program consisted of five important components: a) three weeks of…

Take One Small Step: Traveling the Path to Default Reduction.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

O'Neal, Sharon; Kent, Connie

2002-01-01

Reviews tips from financial aid programs aimed at reducing default on student loans. Tips include: know your students, target your efforts, help students stay in school, give students appropriate information during "learning moments," and make information easy to get and understand. Includes lists of other resources. (EV)

Numerical investigation of influence of tip leakage flow on secondary flow in transonic centrifugal compressor at design condition

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kaneko, Masanao; Tsujita, Hoshio

2015-04-01

In a centrifugal compressor, the leakage flow through the tip clearance generates the tip leakage vortex by the interaction with the main flow, and consequently makes the flow in the impeller passage more complex by the interaction with the passage vortex. In addition, the tip leakage vortex interacts with the shock wave on the suction surface near the blade tip in the transonic centrifugal compressor impeller. Therefore, the detailed examination for the influence of the tip leakage vortex becomes seriously important to improve the aerodynamic performance especially for the transonic centrifugal compressor. In this study, the flows in the transonic centrifugal compressor with and without the tip clearance at the design condition were analyzed numerically by using the commercial CFD code. The computed results revealed that the tip leakage vortex induced by the high loading at the blade tip around the leading edge affected the loss generation by the reduction or the suppression of the shock wave on the suction surface of the blade.

Dielectrophoretic positioning of single nanoparticles on atomic force microscope tips for tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy.

PubMed

Leiterer, Christian; Deckert-Gaudig, Tanja; Singh, Prabha; Wirth, Janina; Deckert, Volker; Fritzsche, Wolfgang

2015-05-01

Tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy, a combination of Raman spectroscopy and scanning probe microscopy, is a powerful technique to detect the vibrational fingerprint of molecules at the nanometer scale. A metal nanoparticle at the apex of an atomic force microscope tip leads to a large enhancement of the electromagnetic field when illuminated with an appropriate wavelength, resulting in an increased Raman signal. A controlled positioning of individual nanoparticles at the tip would improve the reproducibility of the probes and is quite demanding due to usually serial and labor-intensive approaches. In contrast to commonly used submicron manipulation techniques, dielectrophoresis allows a parallel and scalable production, and provides a novel approach toward reproducible and at the same time affordable tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy tips. We demonstrate the successful positioning of an individual plasmonic nanoparticle on a commercial atomic force microscope tip by dielectrophoresis followed by experimental proof of the Raman signal enhancing capabilities of such tips. © 2015 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

Facile Preparation of a Platinum Silicide Nanoparticle-Modified Tip Apex for Scanning Kelvin Probe Microscopy.

PubMed

Lin, Chun-Ting; Chen, Yu-Wei; Su, James; Wu, Chien-Ting; Hsiao, Chien-Nan; Shiao, Ming-Hua; Chang, Mao-Nan

2015-12-01

In this study, we propose an ultra-facile approach to prepare a platinum silicide nanoparticle-modified tip apex (PSM tip) used for scanning Kelvin probe microscopy (SKPM). We combined a localized fluoride-assisted galvanic replacement reaction (LFAGRR) and atmospheric microwave annealing (AMA) to deposit a single platinum silicide nanoparticle with a diameter of 32 nm on the apex of a bare silicon tip of atomic force microscopy (AFM). The total process was completed in an ambient environment in less than 3 min. The improved potential resolution in the SKPM measurement was verified. Moreover, the resolution of the topography is comparable to that of a bare silicon tip. In addition, the negative charges found on the PSM tips suggest the possibility of exploring the use of current PSM tips to sense electric fields more precisely. The ultra-fast and cost-effective preparation of the PSM tips provides a new direction for the preparation of functional tips for scanning probe microscopy.

Oxygen-Free Welding Contact Tips

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Pike, James F.

1993-01-01

Contact tips for gas/metal arc welding (GMAW) fabricated from oxygen-free copper. Prototype tips tested in robotic welding, for which application intended. Reduces electrical erosion, increases electrical conductivity, and reduces mechanical wear. Productivity of robotic welding increases while time during welding interrupted for removal and replacement of contact tips minimal. Improves alignment of joints and filler metal, reducing rate of rejection and repair of unacceptable weldments. Utility extends beyond aerospace industry to mass production of various types of hardware, including heavy off-highway construction equipment.

Lean on Me.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Black, Susan

1999-01-01

Mentoring programs cannot always obliterate deficiencies in adult/child relationships or better student achievement. Two successful programs are the Big Brother/Big Sister program and the Office of Juvenile Justice's Juvenile Mentoring Program. (JUMP). Social support, not social control, is essential. Sidebars contain program tips and selected…

Tips for Plant-Incorporated Protectant (PIP) Experimental Use Permit (EUP) Program Submission

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

Includes information to include in program description and final program report, recommendations for calculating acreage, use of seed produced under PIP EUPs, consultation with Biopesticides and Pollution Prevention Division.

Online monitoring of dynamic tip clearance of turbine blades in high temperature environments

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Han, Yu; Zhong, Chong; Zhu, Xiaoliang; Zhe, Jiang

2018-04-01

Minimized tip clearance reduces the gas leakage over turbine blade tips and improves the thrust and efficiency of turbomachinery. An accurate tip clearance sensor, measuring the dynamic clearances between blade tips and the turbine case, is a critical component for tip clearance control. This paper presents a robust inductive tip clearance sensor capable of monitoring dynamic tip clearances of turbine machines in high-temperature environments and at high rotational speeds. The sensor can also self-sense the temperature at a blade tip in situ such that temperature effect on tip clearance measurement can be estimated and compensated. To evaluate the sensor’s performance, the sensor was tested for measuring the tip clearances of turbine blades under various working temperatures ranging from 700 K to 1300 K and at turbine rotational speeds ranging from 3000 to 10 000 rpm. The blade tip clearance was varied from 50 to 2000 µm. The experiment results proved that the sensor can accurately measure the blade tip clearances with a temporal resolution of 10 µm. The capability of accurately measuring the tip clearances at high temperatures (~1300 K) and high turbine rotation speeds (~30 000 rpm), along with its compact size, makes it promising for online monitoring and active control of blade tip clearances of high-temperature turbomachinery.

Quick Tips Guide for Small Manufacturing Businesses

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

Small manufacturing businesses can use this Quick Tips Guide to be better prepared for future extreme weather events. This guide discusses keeping good records, improving housekeeping procedures, and training employees.

Customized atomic force microscopy probe by focused-ion-beam-assisted tip transfer

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Wang, Andrew; Butte, Manish J., E-mail: manish.butte@stanford.edu

2014-08-04

We present a technique for transferring separately fabricated tips onto tipless atomic force microscopy (AFM) cantilevers, performed using focused ion beam-assisted nanomanipulation. This method addresses the need in scanning probe microscopy for certain tip geometries that cannot be achieved by conventional lithography. For example, in probing complex layered materials or tall biological cells using AFM, a tall tip with a high-aspect-ratio is required to avoid artifacts caused by collisions of the tip's sides with the material being probed. We show experimentally that tall (18 μm) cantilever tips fabricated by this approach reduce squeeze-film damping, which fits predictions from hydrodynamic theory, andmore » results in an increased quality factor (Q) of the fundamental flexural mode. We demonstrate that a customized tip's well-defined geometry, tall tip height, and aspect ratio enable improved measurement of elastic moduli by allowing access to low-laying portions of tall cells (T lymphocytes). This technique can be generally used to attach tips to any micromechanical device when conventional lithography of tips cannot be accomplished.« less

Evaluation of helicopter noise due to b blade-vortex interaction for five tip configurations. [conducted in the Langley V/STOL tunnel

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hoad, D. R.

1979-01-01

The effect of tip shape modification on blade vortex interaction induced helicopter blade slap noise was investigated. Simulated flight and descent velocities which have been shown to produce blade slap were tested. Aerodynamic performance parameters of the rotor system were monitored to ensure properly matched flight conditions among the tip shapes. The tunnel was operated in the open throat configuration with treatment to improve the acoustic characteristics of the test chamber. Four promising tips were used along with a standard square tip as a baseline configuration. A detailed acoustic evaluation on the same rotor system of the relative applicability of the various tip configurations for blade slap noise reduction is provided.

Substance Abuse Treatment and Domestic Violence. Treatment Improvement Protocol (TIP) Series 25.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Cook, Paddy; Gartner, Constance Grant; Markl, Lise; Henderson, Randi; Brooks, Margaret K.; Wesson, Donald; Dogoloff, Mary Lou; Vitzthum, Virginia; Hayes, Elizabeth

The major goal of this TIP, on the best practice guidelines to improve the treatment of substance abuse, is to provide clinicians, educators, and paraprofessionals with the latest findings concerning domestic violence. The information is intended to educate providers about the needs and behaviors of batterers and survivors, and how to tailor…

A Case Study of Team-Initiated Problem Solving Addressing Student Behavior in One Elementary School

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Todd, Anne W.; Horner, Robert H.; Berry, Dorothy; Sanders, Carol; Bugni, Michelle; Currier, Allison; Potts, Nicky; Newton, J. Stephen; Algozzine, Bob; Algozzine, Kate

2012-01-01

Team-Initiated Problem Solving (TIPS) is an approach for organizing school team meetings to improve identification of targeted problems, use of data in the development of solutions, and development of implemented action plans. TIPS has been demonstrated in single-case and randomized controlled trial studies to improve the effectiveness of teams to…

Substance Abuse Treatment for Persons with Co-Occurring Disorders. Treatment Improvement Protocol (TIP) Series 42

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, 2005

2005-01-01

Treatment Improvement Protocols (TIPs), developed by the Center for Substance Abuse Treatment (CSAT), part of the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) within the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), are best-practice guidelines for the treatment of substance use disorders. CSAT draws on the experience…

Molecular tips for scanning tunneling microscopy: intermolecular electron tunneling for single-molecule recognition and electronics.

PubMed

Nishino, Tomoaki

2014-01-01

This paper reviews the development of molecular tips for scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). Molecular tips offer many advantages: first is their ability to perform chemically selective imaging because of chemical interactions between the sample and the molecular tip, thus improving a major drawback of conventional STM. Rational design of the molecular tip allows sophisticated chemical recognition; e.g., chiral recognition and selective visualization of atomic defects in carbon nanotubes. Another advantage is that they provide a unique method to quantify electron transfer between single molecules. Understanding such electron transfer is mandatory for the realization of molecular electronics.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Kazmerski, L. L.

'' . . . with robust investments in research and market development, the picture changes dramatically.'' Thus, the realigned U.S. Photovoltaic Industry Roadmap highlights R&D as critical to the tipping point that will make solar photovoltaics (PV) significant in the U.S. energy portfolio--part of a well-designed plan that would bring ''2034 expectations'' to reality by 2020. Technology improvement and introduction depend on key, focused, and pertinent research contributions that range from the most fundamental through the applied. In this paper, we underscore the successes and relevance of our current systems-driven PV R&D programs, which are built on integrated capabilities. Thesemore » capabilities span atomic-level characterization, nanotechnology, new materials design, interface and device engineering, theoretical guidance and modeling, processing, measurements and analysis, and process integration. This presentation identifies and provides examples of critical research tipping points needed to foster now and near technologies (primarily crystalline silicon and thin films) and to introduce coming generations of solar PV that provide options to push us to the next performance levels (devices with ultra-high efficiencies and with ultra-low cost). The serious importance of science and creativity to U.S. PV technology ownership--and the increased focus to accelerate the time from laboratory discovery to industry adoption--are emphasized at this ''tipping point'' for solar PV.« less

XB-70A during take-off

NASA Image and Video Library

1965-08-17

Viewed from the front the #1 XB-70A (62-0001) is shown climbing out during take-off. Most flights were scheduled during the morning hours to take advantage of the cooler ambient air temperatures for improved propulsion efficiencies. The wing tips are extended straight out to provide a maximum lifting wing surface. The XB-70A, capable of flying three times the speed of sound, was the world's largest experimental aircraft in the 1960s. Two XB-70A aircraft were built. Ship #1 was flown by NASA in a high speed flight research program.

CSC Tip Sheets: Working with Institutional Partners

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

Partner with organizations, such as other jurisdictions, utilities, complementary programs, community-based organizations, and others, can help you implement your program and achieve your collective goals.

Soy- and rice-based processed complementary food increases nutrient intakes in infants and is equally acceptable with or without added milk powder.

PubMed

Paul, Keriann H; Dickin, Katherine L; Ali, Nadra S; Monterrosa, Eva C; Stoltzfus, Rebecca J

2008-10-01

Processed complementary foods (PCF) might mitigate several complementary feeding barriers in developing countries. Efficacy trials, however, have not shown substantial improvements in child growth, possibly due to inadequate formative research to assess acceptability and identify pitfalls. Milk powder might improve palatability of PCF but incurs a higher cost. We compared the acceptability of an instant soy-rice PCF without (SR) and with (SRM) milk powder. Best practices for formative evaluation of PCF are not established. We therefore compared findings from randomized trials of SR vs. SRM in 1-d sensory tests (n = 71 mother-infant dyads) vs. Trials of Improved Practices (TIPs), a 2-wk in-home mixed methods evaluation (n = 54 dyads). TIPs included interviews, disappearance rates, observations, and 24-h dietary recalls to assess acceptance, consumption of the 50 g/d ration, and impact on diet. Although mothers preferred SRM to SR in the sensory tests, children in the TIPs consumed >50 g/d of SR (87 +/- 9 g/d) and SRM (89 +/- 8 g/d) with no difference between the foods (P = 0.55). Despite some replacement of family food, energy (574 kJ/d; P < 0.001) and protein (19 g protein/d; P < 0.001) increased in both groups. Mothers' preferences for milk, more sugar in SR, and preparation with hot water were concerns raised in the sensory tests that proved insignificant in TIPs. However, TIPs uncovered new concerns of overconsumption and food safety. We found milk did not improve the acceptability of the soy-rice PCF and recommend TIPs as a useful tool for formative research of PCF interventions.

Trials of Improved Practices (TIPs) to Enhance the Dietary and Iron-Folate Intake during Pregnancy- A Quasi Experimental Study among Rural Pregnant Women of Varanasi, India

PubMed Central

Shivalli, Siddharudha; Srivastava, Ratan Kumar; Singh, Gyan Prakash

2015-01-01

Background Behavior Change Communications (BCC) play a decisive role in modifying socio-cultural norms affecting the perception and nutritional practices during pregnancy. Objective To examine the effectiveness of ‘Trials of Improved Practices’ (TIPs) on dietary and iron-folate intake during pregnancy. Design Community based quasi experimental study with a control group Setting Four villages of Chiraigaon Community Development Block of Varanasi, India from May 2010 and recruited from August 2010. End line assessment, after 12 weeks of intervention, was completed in April 2011. Participants Pregnant women in 13–28 weeks of gestation Intervention TIPs was implemented in addition to ongoing essential obstetric care services in two villages through 3 home (assessment, negotiation and evaluation) visits and only assessment and evaluation visits in the other two control villages. Interpersonal communication, endorsing the active participation of family members and home based reminder materials were the TIPs based strategies. The effect of TIPs was assessed by comparing key outcome variables at baseline and after 12 weeks of intervention. Outcome Measures Hemoglobin%, anemia prevalence, weight gain, compliance for iron-folate supplementation and dietary intake of calorie, protein, calcium and iron. Results A total of 86 participants completed the study. At the end, mean hemoglobin levels were 11.5±1.24 g/dl and 10.37±1.38 g/dl in the TIPs and control groups, respectively. The prevalence of anemia reduced by half in TIPs group and increased by 2.4% in the control group. Weight gain (grams/week) was significantly (p<0.01) higher in TIPs group (326.9±91.8 vs. 244.6±97.4). More than 85% of the PW in TIPs group were compliant for Iron-folate and only 38% were compliant among controls. The mean intake of protein increased by 1.78gm in intervention group and decreased by 1.81 gm in controls (p<0.05). More than two thirds of PW in TIPs group were taking one extra meal and only one third of controls were doing the same. Conclusion TIPs found to be an effective approach to improve the nutritional status of pregnant women in the study area. TIPs strategy could be further explored on larger sample representing different socio-cultural and geographical areas. Trial Registration Clinical Trial Registry of India CTRI/2015/02/005517 PMID:26367775

Word Study Instruction in the K-2 Classroom

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Williams, Cheri; Phillips-Birdsong, Colleen; Hufnagel, Krissy; Hungler, Diane; Lundstrom, Ruth P.

2009-01-01

This article describes nine tips for implementing a word study program in the K-2 classroom. These tips are based on the results of four classroom-based qualitative research projects collaboratively conducted by a university professor and four primary-grade teacher-researchers. The article suggests that through small-group word study instruction…

Faces of Change: Do I Have a Problem with Alcohol or Drugs?

MedlinePlus

... in Substance Abuse Treatment , #35 in SAMHSA’s Treatment Improvement Protocol (TIP) Series. The TIP series and its affiliated products may be ordered from SAMHSA’s Publications Ordering Web ...

Interferometer-Controlled Optical Tweezers Constructed for Nanotechnology and Biotechnology

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Decker, Arthur J.

2002-01-01

A new method to control microparticles was developed in-house at the NASA Glenn Research Center in support of the nanotechnology project under NASA's Aerospace Propulsion and Power Base Research Program. A prototype interferometer-controlled optical tweezers was constructed to manipulate scanning probe microscope (SPM) tips. A laser beam passed through a Mach-Zehnder interferometer, and a microscope objective then produced an optical trap from the coaxial beams. The trap levitated and generated the coarse motion of a 10-mm polystyrene sphere used to simulate a SPM tip. The interference between the beams provided fine control of the forces and moments on the sphere. The interferometer included a piezoelectric-scanned mirror to modulate the interference pattern. The 10-mm sphere was observed to oscillate about 1 mm as the mirror and fringe pattern oscillated. The prototype tweezers proved the feasibility of constructing a more sophisticated interferometer tweezers to hold and manipulate SPM tips. The SPM tips are intended to interrogate and manipulate nanostructures. A more powerful laser will be used to generate multiple traps to hold nanostructures and SPM tips. The vibrating mirror in the interferometer will be replaced with a spatial light modulator. The modulator will allow the optical phase distribution in one leg of the interferometer to be programmed independently at 640 by 480 points for detailed control of the forces and moments. The interference patterns will be monitored to measure the motion of the SPM tips. Neuralnetwork technology will provide fast analysis of the interference patterns for diagnostic purposes and for local or remote feedback control of the tips. This effort also requires theoretical and modeling support in the form of scattering calculations for twin coherent beams from nonspherical particles.

Multi-cored vortices support function of slotted wing tips of birds in gliding and flapping flight

PubMed Central

2017-01-01

Slotted wing tips of birds are commonly considered an adaptation to improve soaring performance, despite their presence in species that neither soar nor glide. We used particle image velocimetry to measure the airflow around the slotted wing tip of a jackdaw (Corvus monedula) as well as in its wake during unrestrained flight in a wind tunnel. The separated primary feathers produce individual wakes, confirming a multi-slotted function, in both gliding and flapping flight. The resulting multi-cored wingtip vortex represents a spreading of vorticity, which has previously been suggested as indicative of increased aerodynamic efficiency. Considering benefits of the slotted wing tips that are specific to flapping flight combined with the wide phylogenetic occurrence of this configuration, we propose the hypothesis that slotted wings evolved initially to improve performance in powered flight. PMID:28539482

Multiple pure tone noise generated by fans at supersonic tip speeds

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Sofrin, T. G.; Pickett, G. F.

1974-01-01

The existence of clusters of pure tones at integral multiples of shaft speed has been noted for supersonic-tip-speed operation of fans and compressors. A continuing program to explore this phenomenon, often called combination-tone noise, has been in effect for several years. This paper reviews the research program, which involves a wide range of engines, compressor rigs, and special apparatus. Elements of the aerodynamics of the blade-associated shock waves are outlined and causes of blade-to-blade shock inequalities, responsible for the multiple tones, are described.

Correlation of Puma airloads: Lifting-line and wake calculation

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Bousman, William G.; Young, Colin; Gilbert, Neil; Toulmay, Francois; Johnson, Wayne; Riley, M. J.

1989-01-01

A cooperative program undertaken by organizations in the United States, England, France, and Australia has assessed the strengths and weaknesses of four lifting-line/wake methods and three CFD methods by comparing their predictions with the data obtained in flight trials of a research Puma. The Puma was tested in two configurations: a mixed bladed rotor with instrumented rectangular tip blades, and a configuration with four identical swept tip blades. The results are examined of the lifting-line predictions. The better lifting-line methods show good agreement with lift at the blade tip for the configuration with four swept tips; the moment is well predicted at 0.92 R, but deteriorates outboard. The predictions for the mixed bladed rotor configuration range from fair to good. The lift prediction is better for the swept tip blade than for the rectangular tip blade, but the reasons for this cannot be determined because of the unmodeled effects of the mixed bladed rotor.

Heat Transfer and Flow on the First Stage Blade Tip of a Power Generation Gas Turbine. Part 2; Simulation Results

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Ameri, A. A.; Bunker, R. S.

1999-01-01

A combined experimental and computational study has been performed to investigate the detailed distribution of convective heat transfer coefficients on the first stage blade tip surface for a geometry typical of large power generation turbines (>1OOMW). This paper is concerned with the numerical prediction of the tip surface heat transfer. Good comparison with the experimental measured distribution was achieved through accurate modeling of the most important features of the blade passage and heating arrangement as well as the details of experimental rig likely to affect the tip heat transfer. A sharp edge and a radiused edge tip were considered. The results using the radiused edge tip agreed better with the experimental data. This improved agreement was attributed to the absence of edge separation on the tip of the radiused edge blade.

Research on the nonintrusive measurement of the turbine blade vibration

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhang, Shi hai; Li, Lu-ping; Rao, Hong-de

2008-11-01

It's one of the important ways to monitor the change of dynamic characteristic of turbine blades for ensuring safety operation of turbine unit. Traditional measurement systems for monitoring blade vibration generally use strain gauges attached to the surface of turbine blades, each strain gauge gives out an analogue signal related to blade deformation, it's maximal defect is only a few blades could be monitored which are attached by strain gauge. But the noncontact vibration measurement will be discussed would solve this problem. This paper deals with noncontact vibration measurement on the rotor blades of turbine through experiments. In this paper, the noncontact vibration measurement - Tip Timing Measurement will be presented, and will be improved. The statistics and DFT will be used in the improved measurement. The main advantage of the improved measurement is that only two sensors over the top of blades and one synchronous sensor of the rotor are used to get the exact vibration characteristics of the each blade in a row. In our experiment, we adopt NI Company's DAQ equipment: SCXI1001 and PCI 6221, three optical sensors, base on the graphics program soft LabVIEW to develop the turbine blade monitor system. At the different rotational speed of the rotor (1000r/m and 1200r/m) we do several experiments on the bench of the Turbine characteristic. Its results indicated that the vibration of turbine blade could be real-time monitored and accurately measured by the improved Tip Timing Measurement.

High loading, 1800 ft/sec tip speed, transonic compressor fan stage. 2: Final report

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Morris, A. L.; Sulam, D. H.

1972-01-01

Tests were conducted on a 0.5 hub/tip ratio, single-stage fan-compressor designed to produce a pressure ratio of 2.285 an efficiency of 84 percent with a rotor tip speed of 1800 feet per second. A peak efficiency of 82 percent was achieved by the stage at a stall margin of 6.5 percent. Tests showed that stall-limit line was slightly sensitive to tip-radial distortion, but stall-line improvements were noted when the stage was subjected to circumferential and hub-radial flow distortions. Rotor blade passage and trailing edge shock positions were inferred from static pressure contours over the rotor tips.

Marketed Marine Natural Products in the Pharmaceutical and Cosmeceutical Industries: Tips for Success

PubMed Central

Martins, Ana; Vieira, Helena; Gaspar, Helena; Santos, Susana

2014-01-01

The marine environment harbors a number of macro and micro organisms that have developed unique metabolic abilities to ensure their survival in diverse and hostile habitats, resulting in the biosynthesis of an array of secondary metabolites with specific activities. Several of these metabolites are high-value commercial products for the pharmaceutical and cosmeceutical industries. The aim of this review is to outline the paths of marine natural products discovery and development, with a special focus on the compounds that successfully reached the market and particularly looking at the approaches tackled by the pharmaceutical and cosmetic companies that succeeded in marketing those products. The main challenges faced during marine bioactives discovery and development programs were analyzed and grouped in three categories: biodiversity (accessibility to marine resources and efficient screening), supply and technical (sustainable production of the bioactives and knowledge of the mechanism of action) and market (processes, costs, partnerships and marketing). Tips to surpass these challenges are given in order to improve the market entry success rates of highly promising marine bioactives in the current pipelines, highlighting what can be learned from the successful and unsuccessful stories that can be applied to novel and/or ongoing marine natural products discovery and development programs. PMID:24549205

CSC Tip Sheets: Working with Corporations

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

Programs can work with corporations to reduce companies’ greenhouse gas emissions and energy use, as well as create partnerships to reach employees and the community with local sustainability program offerings.

76 FR 70970 - Technology Innovation Program Advisory Board

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-11-16

... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE National Institute of Standards and Technology Technology Innovation Program Advisory Board AGENCY: National Institute of Standards and Technology, Department of Commerce. ACTION: Notice of public meeting. SUMMARY: The Technology Innovation Program (TIP) Advisory Board will...

Experimental quiet engine program

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Cornell, W. G.

1975-01-01

Full-scale low-tip-speed fans, a full-scale high-tip-speed fan, scale model versions of fans, and two full-scale high-bypass-ratio turbofan engines, were designed, fabricated, tested, and evaluated. Turbine noise suppression was investigated. Preliminary design studies of flight propulsion system concepts were used in application studies to determine acoustic-economic tradeoffs. Salient results are as follows: tradeoff evaluation of fan tip speed and blade loading; systematic data on source noise characteristics and suppression effectiveness; documentation of high- and low-fan-speed aerodynamic and acoustic technology; aerodynamic and acoustic evaluation of acoustic treatment configurations, casing tip bleed, serrated and variable pitch rotor blades, leaned outlet guide vanes, slotted tip casings, rotor blade shape modifications, and inlet noise suppression; systematic evaluation of aerodynamic and acoustic effects; flyover noise projections of engine test data; turbine noise suppression technology development; and tradeoff evaluation of preliminary design high-fan-speed and low-fan-speed flight engines.

Radially leaned outlet guide vanes for fan source noise reduction

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Kazin, S. B.

1973-01-01

Two quiet engine program half scale fans one with a subsonic and the other with a supersonic fan tip speed at takeoff were run with 30 degree leaned and radial outlet guide vanes. Acoustic data at takeoff fan speed on the subsonic tip speed fan showed decreases in 200-foot sideline noise of from 1 to 2 PNdb. The supersonic tip speed fan a takeoff fan speed, however, showed noise increases of up 3 PNdb and a decrease in fan efficiency. At approach fan speed, the subsonic tip speed fan showed a noise decrease of 2.3 PNdb at the 200-foot sideline maximum angle and an increase in efficiency. The supersonic tip speed fan showed noise increase of 3.5 PNdb and no change in efficiency. The decrease in fan efficiency and the nature of the noise increase largely high frequency broadband noise lead to the speculation that an aerodynamic problem occurred.

TV Tips for Parents: Using Television To Help Your Child Learn.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Corporation for Public Broadcasting, Washington, DC.

Recognizing that children watch an average of 25 hours of television per week, this booklet is designed to help parents redirect their children's television viewing to higher quality programs. Ten "tips" are provided to help parents guide their children's television (TV) viewing: (1) set your child's TV schedule; (2) get involved (in the child's…

Improved recovery of cryotherapy-treated shoot tips following thermotherapy of in vitro-grown stock shoots of raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.).

PubMed

Wang, Qiaochun; Valkonen, Jari P T

2009-01-01

Raspberry bushy dwarf virus (RBDV) can be efficiently eradicated from raspberry plants (Rubus idaeus) by a procedure combining thermotherapy and cryotherapy. However, the bottleneck of this procedure is that, following thermotherapy, cryopreserved shoot tips become chlorotic during regrowth and eventually die after several subcultures. In addition, survival of heat-treated stock shoots and recovery of cryopreserved shoot tips following thermotherapy are low. The present study focused towards improving regrowth of cryopreserved raspberry shoot tips following thermotherapy. Results showed that preconditioning stock shoots with salicylic acid (SA; 0.01-0.1 mM) markedly increased survival of stock shoots after 4 weeks of thermotherapy. Regrowth of cryopreserved shoot tips following thermotherapy was also significantly enhanced when SA (0.05-0.1 mM) was used for preconditioning stock shoots. Addition of either Fe-ethylenediaminetetracetic acid (Fe-EDTA, 50 mg per L) or Fe-ethylenediaminedi(o)hydroxyphenylacetic acid (Fe-EDDHA, 50 mg per L) to post-culture medium strongly promoted regrowth and totally prevented chlorosis of shoots regenerated from cryopreserved shoot tips following thermotherapy. Using the parameters optimized in the present study, about 80 percent survival of heat-treated stock shoots and about 33 percent regrowth of cryopreserved shoot tips following thermotherapy were obtained. Morphology of plants regenerated from cryopreserved shoot tips following thermotherapy was identical to that of control plants, based on observations of leaf shape and size, internode length and plant height. Optimization of the thermotherapy procedure followed by cryotherapy will facilitate the wider application of this technique to eliminate viruses which can invade meristems.

Improving Your Health: Tips for African American Men and Women

MedlinePlus

... For Reporters Meetings & Workshops Follow Us Home Health Information Weight Management Health Tips for African-Americans Related Topics Section ... at NIDDK Technology Advancement & Transfer Meetings & Workshops Health Information ... Disease Urologic Diseases Endocrine Diseases Diet & Nutrition ...

Teamcenter community : administration tips and tricks

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Rangel, Gabriel

2005-01-01

This presentation covers what areas of prerequisites are important to understand and how one can improve performance and maintenance of an existing implementation. It will also cover tips and tricks for site migration and how to plan for upgrades.

Device specific analysis of neonatal aortic outflow cannula jet flows for improved cardiopulmonary bypass hemodynamics

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Menon, Prahlad; Sotiropoulos, Fotis; Undar, Akif; Pekkan, Kerem

2011-11-01

Hemodynamically efficient aortic outflow cannulae can provide high blood volume flow rates at low exit force during extracorporeal circulation in pediatric or neonatal cardiopulmonary bypass repairs. Furthermore, optimal hemolytic aortic insertion configurations can significantly reduce risk of post-surgical neurological complications and developmental defects in the young patient. The methodology and results presented in this study serve as a baseline for design of superior aortic outflow cannulae based on a novel paradigm of characterizing jet-flows at different flow regimes. In-silico evaluations of multiple cannula tips were used to delineate baseline hemodynamic performance of the popular pediatric cannula tips in an experimental cuboidal test-rig, using PIV. High resolution CFD jet-flow simulations performed for various cannula tips in the cuboidal test-rig as well as in-vivo insertion configurations have suggested the existence of optimal surgically relevant characteristics such as cannula outflow angle and insertion depth for improved hemodynamic performance during surgery. Improved cannula tips were designed with internal flow-control features for decreased blood damage and increased permissible flow rates.

Multi-cored vortices support function of slotted wing tips of birds in gliding and flapping flight.

PubMed

KleinHeerenbrink, Marco; Johansson, L Christoffer; Hedenström, Anders

2017-05-01

Slotted wing tips of birds are commonly considered an adaptation to improve soaring performance, despite their presence in species that neither soar nor glide. We used particle image velocimetry to measure the airflow around the slotted wing tip of a jackdaw ( Corvus monedula ) as well as in its wake during unrestrained flight in a wind tunnel. The separated primary feathers produce individual wakes, confirming a multi-slotted function, in both gliding and flapping flight. The resulting multi-cored wingtip vortex represents a spreading of vorticity, which has previously been suggested as indicative of increased aerodynamic efficiency. Considering benefits of the slotted wing tips that are specific to flapping flight combined with the wide phylogenetic occurrence of this configuration, we propose the hypothesis that slotted wings evolved initially to improve performance in powered flight. © 2017 The Author(s).

A compact CCD-monitored atomic force microscope with optical vision and improved performances.

PubMed

Mingyue, Liu; Haijun, Zhang; Dongxian, Zhang

2013-09-01

A novel CCD-monitored atomic force microscope (AFM) with optical vision and improved performances has been developed. Compact optical paths are specifically devised for both tip-sample microscopic monitoring and cantilever's deflection detecting with minimized volume and optimal light-amplifying ratio. The ingeniously designed AFM probe with such optical paths enables quick and safe tip-sample approaching, convenient and effective tip-sample positioning, and high quality image scanning. An image stitching method is also developed to build a wider-range AFM image under monitoring. Experiments show that this AFM system can offer real-time optical vision for tip-sample monitoring with wide visual field and/or high lateral optical resolution by simply switching the objective; meanwhile, it has the elegant performances of nanometer resolution, high stability, and high scan speed. Furthermore, it is capable of conducting wider-range image measurement while keeping nanometer resolution. Copyright © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Proceedings of the Annual Meeting (21st), Aquatic Plant Control Research Program Held in Mobile, Alabama on 17-21 November 1986

DTIC Science & Technology

1987-11-01

triploid grass carl) (ca. 13 kg/ vegetated ha). A subsequent 123 50. 40 . \\A 30 B Figure 1. Percent composition of aquatic 0- \\macrophytes in Devils Lake...10 Tips (L&S)t KLB 38 2.50 1.74 0 to 7 Tips (I&S4 RRD 40 2.03 1.54 0Oto 6 Hydrillat Tips (L&S)t SQL 30 3.70 2.14 0 to 9 Tips (L&S4t KLB 32 4.60 1.98 0...perfoliatus P. tricarinatus I ercsm10 20 30 40 50 60 70 8 Number of individuals Figure 5. Bar graph depicting average number of eggs and adults of

Simultaneous AFM and fluorescence imaging: A method for aligning an AFM-tip with an excitation beam using a 2D galvanometer

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Moores, A. N.; Cadby, A. J.

2018-02-01

Correlative fluorescence and atomic force microscopy (AFM) imaging is a highly attractive technique for use in biological imaging, enabling force and mechanical measurements of particular structures whose locations are known due to the specificity of fluorescence imaging. The ability to perform these two measurements simultaneously (rather than consecutively with post-processing correlation) is highly valuable because it would allow the mechanical properties of a structure to be tracked over time as changes in the sample occur. We present an instrument which allows simultaneous AFM and fluorescence imaging by aligning an incident fluorescence excitation beam with an AFM-tip. Alignment was performed by calibrating a 2D galvanometer present in the excitation beam path and using it to reposition the incident beam. Two programs were developed (one manual and one automated) which correlate sample features between the AFM and fluorescence images, calculating the distance required to translate the incident beam towards the AFM-tip. Using this method, we were able to obtain beam-tip alignment (and therefore field-of-view alignment) from an offset of >15 μm to within one micron in two iterations of the program. With the program running alongside data acquisition for real-time feedback between AFM and optical images, this offset was maintained over a time period of several hours. Not only does this eliminate the need to image large areas with both techniques to ensure that fields-of-view overlap, but it also raises the possibility of using this instrument for tip-enhanced fluorescence applications, a technique in which super-resolution images have previously been achieved.

Vortex formation and saturation for low-aspect-ratio rotating flat-plate fins

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Devoria, Adam C.; Ringuette, Matthew J.

2012-02-01

We investigate experimentally the unsteady, three-dimensional vortex formation of low-aspect-ratio, trapezoidal flat-plate fins undergoing rotation from rest at a 90° angle of attack and Reynolds numbers of O(103). The objectives are to characterize the unsteady three-dimensional vortex structure, examine vortex saturation, and understand the effects of the root-to-tip flow for different velocity programs. The experiments are conducted in a water tank facility, and the diagnostic tools are dye flow visualization and digital particle image velocimetry. The dye visualizations show that the low-aspect-ratio plate produces symmetric ring-like vortices comprised mainly of tip-edge vorticity. They also indicate the presence of the root-to-tip velocity. For large rotational amplitudes, the primary ring-like vortex sheds and a secondary ring-like vortex is generated while the plate is still in motion, indicating saturation of the leading vortex. The time-varying vortex circulation in the flow symmetry plane provides quantitative evidence of vortex saturation. The phenomenon of saturation is observed for several plate velocity programs. The temporal development of the vortex circulation is often complex, which prevents an objective determination of an exact saturation time. This is the result of an interaction between the developing vortex and the root-to-tip flow, which breaks apart the vortex. However, it is possible to define a range of time during which the vortex reaches saturation. A formation-parameter definition is investigated and is found to reasonably predict the state corresponding to the pinch-off of the initial tip vortex across the velocity programs tested. This event is the lower bound on the saturation time range.

Ducted fan inlet/exit and rotor tip flow improvements for vertical lift systems

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Akturk, Ali

The current research utilized experimental and computational techniques in 5" and 22" diameter ducted fan test systems that have been custom designed and manufactured. Qualitative investigation of flow around the ducted fan was also performed using smoke flow visualizations. Quantitative measurements consisted of 2D and 3D velocity measurements using planar and Stereoscopic Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV and SPIV), high resolution total pressure measurements using Kiel total pressure probes and real time six-component force and torque measurements. The computational techniques used in this thesis included a recently developed radial equilibrium based rotor model(REBRM) and a three dimensional Reynolds-Averaged Navier Stokes (RANS) based CFD model. A radial equilibrium based rotor model (REBRM) developed by the author was effectively integrated into a three-dimensional RANS based computational system. The PIV measurements and computational flow predictions using (REBRM) near the fan inlet plane were in a good agreement at hover and forward flight conditions. The aerodynamic modifications resulting from the fan inlet flow distortions in forward flight regime were clearly captured in 2D PIV results. High resolution total pressure measurements at the downstream of the fan rotor showed that tip leakage, rotor hub separation, and passage flow related total pressure losses were dominant in hover condition. However, the losses were dramatically increased in forward flight because of inlet lip separation and distortion. A novel ducted fan inlet flow conditioning concept named "Double Ducted Fan" (DDF) was developed. The (DDF) concept has a potential to significantly improve the performance and controllability of VTOL UAVs and many other ducted fan based vertical lift systems. The new concept that will significantly reduce the inlet lip separation related performance penalties used a secondary stationary duct system to control "inlet lip separation" occurring especially at elevated forward flight velocities. The (DDF) is self-adjusting in a wide forward flight velocity range. DDFs corrective aerodynamic in influence becomes more pronounced with increasing flight velocity due to its inherent design properties. RANS simulations of the flow around rotor blades and duct geometry in the rotating frame of reference provided a comprehensive description of the tip leakage and passage flow in the flow environment of the two ducted fan research facilities developed throughout this thesis. The aerodynamic measurements and results of the RANS simulation showed good agreement especially near the tip region. A number of novel tip treatments based on custom designed pressure side extensions were introduced. Various tip leakage mitigation schemes were introduced by varying the chordwise location and the width of the extension in the circumferential direction. The current study showed that a proper selection of the pressure side bump location and width were the two critical parameters in influencing the success of the tip leakage mitigation approach. Significant gains in axial mean velocity component were observed when a proper pressure side tip extension was used. It is also observed that an effective tip leakage mitigation scheme significantly reduced the tangential velocity component near the tip of the axial fan blade. Reduced tip clearance related flow interactions were essential in improving the energy efficiency and range of ducted fan based vehicle. Full and inclined pressure side tip squealers were designed. Squealer tips were effective in changing the overall trajectory of the tip vortex to a higher path in radial direction. The interaction of rotor blades and tip vortex was effectively reduced and aerodynamic performance of the rotor blades was improved. The overall aerodynamic gain was a measurable reduction in leakage mass flow rate. This leakage reduction increased thrust significantly. Full and inclined pressure side tip squealers increased thrust obtained in hover condition by 9.1 % and 9.6 % respectively. A reduction or elimination of the momentum deficit in tip vortices is essential to reduce the adverse performance effects originating from the unsteady and highly turbulent tip leakage flows rotating against a stationary casing. The novel tip treatments developed throughout this thesis research are highly effective in reducing the adverse performance effects of ducted fan systems developed for VTOL vehicles. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)

The effect of substrate on electric field enhancement of Tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (TERS)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bahreini, Maryam

2018-01-01

The characterization of materials down to a few-molecule level is a key challenge in nanotechnology. Raman spectroscopy is a powerful method that provides chemical information via nondestructive vibrational fingerprinting. Unfortunately, this method suffers from signal weakness which prevents the study of small quantities. Tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (TERS) which combines the chemical sensitivity of Raman spectroscopy (RS) with high spatial resolution of scanning probe microscopy (SPM), provides chemical images of surfaces at the nanometer scale. In this method, irradiation of an SPM tip by a focused laser beam results in enhancement of local electric field via two reasons of localized surface plasmon resonance and lightning rod effect. This enhancement leads to the enhancement in Raman intensity from the sample surface in the vicinity of tip. In all TERS measurements, samples should be located on a substrate. In this paper, the dependence of the electric field enhancement to the substrate has been investigated. In simulations, three-dimensional finite-difference time-domain (3D-FDTD) method is used for numerical solution of Maxwell's equations. Our results show that the electric field enhancement is weak for the tip alone case. Introducing a substrate provides further electric field enhancement via near field electromagnetic dipole-dipole coupling between the tip and substrate. Since the side-illumination geometry is used for laser irradiation, the vertical component of the incident field plays a dominant role in the electric field enhancement. Therefore, the coupling effect between the tip and the substrate is the key contribution to the enhancement. For the case of silicon tip and the gold substrate, the electric field enhancement is improved considerably. There is an optimal tip size for TERS because of the competing effects of the radiation damping and the surface scattering of the tip. The results show the substrate as an effective tool for the improvement of the TERS detection sensitivity.

Evaluation of carbon nanotube probes in critical dimension atomic force microscopes.

PubMed

Choi, Jinho; Park, Byong Chon; Ahn, Sang Jung; Kim, Dal-Hyun; Lyou, Joon; Dixson, Ronald G; Orji, Ndubuisi G; Fu, Joseph; Vorburger, Theodore V

2016-07-01

The decreasing size of semiconductor features and the increasing structural complexity of advanced devices have placed continuously greater demands on manufacturing metrology, arising both from the measurement challenges of smaller feature sizes and the growing requirement to characterize structures in more than just a single critical dimension. For scanning electron microscopy, this has resulted in increasing sophistication of imaging models. For critical dimension atomic force microscopes (CD-AFMs), this has resulted in the need for smaller and more complex tips. Carbon nanotube (CNT) tips have thus been the focus of much interest and effort by a number of researchers. However, there have been significant issues surrounding both the manufacture and use of CNT tips. Specifically, the growth or attachment of CNTs to AFM cantilevers has been a challenge to the fabrication of CNT tips, and the flexibility and resultant bending artifacts have presented challenges to using CNT tips. The Korea Research Institute for Standards and Science (KRISS) has invested considerable effort in the controlled fabrication of CNT tips and is collaborating with the National Institute of Standards and Technology on the application of CNT tips for CD-AFM. Progress by KRISS on the precise control of CNT orientation, length, and end modification, using manipulation and focused ion beam processes, has allowed us to implement ball-capped CNT tips and bent CNT tips for CD-AFM. Using two different generations of CD-AFM instruments, we have evaluated these tip types by imaging a line/space grating and a programmed line edge roughness specimen. We concluded that these CNTs are capable of scanning the profiles of these structures, including re-entrant sidewalls, but there remain important challenges to address. These challenges include tighter control of tip geometry and careful optimization of scan parameters and algorithms for using CNT tips.

Tips for Daily Living

MedlinePlus

... Stories of Returning to School or Work Tough Work If You Can Get It Home Modifications Mental Health Tips for Maintaining a Positive Outlook and Well-Being Recreation Can Increase Awareness Improving Memory Submitting Your Story Stroke families put the ‘connection’ ...

Tip60 degradation by adenovirus relieves transcriptional repression of viral transcriptional activator EIA.

PubMed

Gupta, A; Jha, S; Engel, D A; Ornelles, D A; Dutta, A

2013-10-17

Adenoviruses are linear double-stranded DNA viruses that infect human and rodent cell lines, occasionally transform them and cause tumors in animal models. The host cell challenges the virus in multifaceted ways to restrain viral gene expression and DNA replication, and sometimes even eliminates the infected cells by programmed cell death. To combat these challenges, adenoviruses abrogate the cellular DNA damage response pathway. Tip60 is a lysine acetyltransferase that acetylates histones and other proteins to regulate gene expression, DNA damage response, apoptosis and cell cycle regulation. Tip60 is a bona fide tumor suppressor as mice that are haploid for Tip60 are predisposed to tumors. We have discovered that Tip60 is degraded by adenovirus oncoproteins EIB55K and E4orf6 by a proteasome-mediated pathway. Tip60 binds to the immediate early adenovirus promoter and suppresses adenovirus EIA gene expression, which is a master regulator of adenovirus transcription, at least partly through retention of the virally encoded repressor pVII on this promoter. Thus, degradation of Tip60 by the adenoviral early proteins is important for efficient viral early gene transcription and for changes in expression of cellular genes.

Experimental demonstration of using divergence cost-function in SPGD algorithm for coherent beam combining with tip/tilt control.

PubMed

Geng, Chao; Luo, Wen; Tan, Yi; Liu, Hongmei; Mu, Jinbo; Li, Xinyang

2013-10-21

A novel approach of tip/tilt control by using divergence cost function in stochastic parallel gradient descent (SPGD) algorithm for coherent beam combining (CBC) is proposed and demonstrated experimentally in a seven-channel 2-W fiber amplifier array with both phase-locking and tip/tilt control, for the first time to our best knowledge. Compared with the conventional power-in-the-bucket (PIB) cost function for SPGD optimization, the tip/tilt control using divergence cost function ensures wider correction range, automatic switching control of program, and freedom of camera's intensity-saturation. Homemade piezoelectric-ring phase-modulator (PZT PM) and adaptive fiber-optics collimator (AFOC) are developed to correct piston- and tip/tilt-type aberrations, respectively. The PIB cost function is employed for phase-locking via maximization of SPGD optimization, while the divergence cost function is used for tip/tilt control via minimization. An average of 432-μrad of divergence metrics in open loop has decreased to 89-μrad when tip/tilt control implemented. In CBC, the power in the full width at half maximum (FWHM) of the main lobe increases by 32 times, and the phase residual error is less than λ/15.

A similitude method and the corresponding blade design of a low-speed large-scale axial compressor rotor

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yu, Chenghai; Ma, Ning; Wang, Kai; Du, Juan; Van den Braembussche, R. A.; Lin, Feng

2014-04-01

A similitude method to model the tip clearance flow in a high-speed compressor with a low-speed model is presented in this paper. The first step of this method is the derivation of similarity criteria for tip clearance flow, on the basis of an inviscid model of tip clearance flow. The aerodynamic parameters needed for the model design are then obtained from a numerical simulation of the target high-speed compressor rotor. According to the aerodynamic and geometric parameters of the target compressor rotor, a large-scale low-speed rotor blade is designed with an inverse blade design program. In order to validate the similitude method, the features of tip clearance flow in the low-speed model compressor are compared with the ones in the high-speed compressor at both design and small flow rate points. It is found that not only the trajectory of the tip leakage vortex but also the interface between the tip leakage flow and the incoming main flow in the high-speed compressor match well with that of its low speed model. These results validate the effectiveness of the similitude method for the tip clearance flow proposed in this paper.

Analysis, design, fabrication and testing of an optical tip clearance sensor. [turbocompressor blade tips

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Poppel, G. L.; Marple, D. T. F.; Kingsley, J. D.

1981-01-01

Analyses and the design, fabrication, and testing of an optical tip clearance sensor with intended application in aircraft propulsion control systems are reported. The design of a sensor test rig, evaluation of optical sensor components at elevated temperatures, sensor design principles, sensor test results at room temperature, and estimations of sensor accuracy at temperatures of an aircraft engine environment are discussed. Room temperature testing indicated possible measurement accuracies of less than 12.7 microns (0.5 mils). Ways to improve performance at engine operating temperatures are recommended. The potential of this tip clearance sensor is assessed.

Shock isolator for operating a diode laser on a closed-cycle refrigerator

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Jennings, D. E. (Inventor)

1979-01-01

A diode laser mounted within a helium refrigerator is mounted using a braided copper ground strap which provides good impact shock isolation from the refrigerator cold-tip while also providing a good thermal link to the cold-tip. The diode mount also contains a rigid stand-off assembly consisting of alternate sections of nylon and copper which serve as cold stations to improve thermal isolation from the vaccum housing mounting structure. Included in the mount is a Pb-In alloy wafer inserted between the cold-tip and the diode to damp temperature fluctuations occurring at the cold-tip.

Lateral Tip Control Effects in CD-AFM Metrology: The Large Tip Limit.

PubMed

Dixson, Ronald G; Orji, Ndubuisi G; Goldband, Ryan S

2016-01-25

Sidewall sensing in critical dimension atomic force microscopes (CD-AFMs) usually involves continuous lateral dithering of the tip or the use of a control algorithm and fast response piezo actuator to position the tip in a manner that resembles touch-triggering of coordinate measuring machine (CMM) probes. All methods of tip position control, however, induce an effective tip width that may deviate from the actual geometrical tip width. Understanding the influence and dependence of the effective tip width on the dither settings and lateral stiffness of the tip can improve the measurement accuracy and uncertainty estimation for CD-AFM measurements. Since CD-AFM typically uses tips that range from 15 nm to 850 nm in geometrical width, the behavior of effective tip width throughout this range should be understood. The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) has been investigating the dependence of effective tip width on the dither settings and lateral stiffness of the tip, as well as the possibility of material effects due to sample composition. For tip widths of 130 nm and lower, which also have lower lateral stiffness, the response of the effective tip width to lateral dither is greater than for larger tips. However, we have concluded that these effects will not generally result in a residual bias, provided that the tip calibration and sample measurement are performed under the same conditions. To validate that our prior conclusions about the dependence of effective tip width on lateral stiffness are valid for large CD-tips, we recently performed experiments using a very large non-CD tip with an etched plateau of approximately 2 μm width. The effective lateral stiffness of these tips is at least 20 times greater than typical CD-AFM tips, and these results supported our prior conclusions about the expected behavior for larger tips. The bottom-line importance of these latest observations is that we can now reasonably conclude that a dither slope of 3 nm/V is the baseline response due to the induced motion of the cantilever base.

Lateral Tip Control Effects in CD-AFM Metrology: The Large Tip Limit

PubMed Central

Dixson, Ronald G.; Orji, Ndubuisi G.; Goldband, Ryan S.

2016-01-01

Sidewall sensing in critical dimension atomic force microscopes (CD-AFMs) usually involves continuous lateral dithering of the tip or the use of a control algorithm and fast response piezo actuator to position the tip in a manner that resembles touch-triggering of coordinate measuring machine (CMM) probes. All methods of tip position control, however, induce an effective tip width that may deviate from the actual geometrical tip width. Understanding the influence and dependence of the effective tip width on the dither settings and lateral stiffness of the tip can improve the measurement accuracy and uncertainty estimation for CD-AFM measurements. Since CD-AFM typically uses tips that range from 15 nm to 850 nm in geometrical width, the behavior of effective tip width throughout this range should be understood. The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) has been investigating the dependence of effective tip width on the dither settings and lateral stiffness of the tip, as well as the possibility of material effects due to sample composition. For tip widths of 130 nm and lower, which also have lower lateral stiffness, the response of the effective tip width to lateral dither is greater than for larger tips. However, we have concluded that these effects will not generally result in a residual bias, provided that the tip calibration and sample measurement are performed under the same conditions. To validate that our prior conclusions about the dependence of effective tip width on lateral stiffness are valid for large CD-tips, we recently performed experiments using a very large non-CD tip with an etched plateau of approximately 2 μm width. The effective lateral stiffness of these tips is at least 20 times greater than typical CD-AFM tips, and these results supported our prior conclusions about the expected behavior for larger tips. The bottom-line importance of these latest observations is that we can now reasonably conclude that a dither slope of 3 nm/V is the baseline response due to the induced motion of the cantilever base. PMID:27087883

Effect of the depressor septi nasi muscle modification on nasal tip rotation and projection.

PubMed

Toutounchi, Javad S; Biroon, Sogol H; Banaem, Samira M; Toutounchi, Neghisa S; Nezami, Nariman; Salari, Behzad

2015-06-01

The nasal tip is an important esthetic feature of the face and surgery on it is the most challenging part of a rhinoplasty. In the present study, we evaluated the effects of modification of the depressor septi nasi muscle on nasal tip rotation and projection. Eighty primary rhinoplasty patients who required nasal tip modifications were enrolled in a randomized clinical trial from October 2008 to March 2012. A study group composed of 40 patients underwent rhinoplasty including cutting and repositioning of the depressor septi nasi muscle and another group of 40 patients (control) underwent rhinoplasty without manipulation of the depressor septi nasi muscle. Nasal tip rotation and projection, and patient satisfaction were evaluated before and 6 months after the operation. Following rhinoplasty including cutting of the depressor septi nasi muscle, nasal tip rotation and projection, and patient satisfaction were improved in 70, 57.5, and 85 % of the patients, respectively; and in the control group, they were improved in 82.5, 55, and 67.5 %, respectively (P = 0.089, 0.607, and 0.069). Cutting and repositioning of the depressor septi nasi muscle as an adjunct to rhinoplasty is not associated with any additional advantage in terms of nasal tip rotation and projection, or patient satisfaction. This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .

Microchannel plate for high-efficiency field emission display

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yi, Whikun; Jin, Sunghwan; Jeong, Taewon; Lee, Jeonghee; Yu, SeGi; Choi, Yongsoo; Kim, J. M.

2000-09-01

The efficiency of a field emission display was improved significantly with a newly developed microchannel plate. The key features of this unit and its fabrication are summarized as follows: (a) bulk alumina is used as a substrate material, (b) channel location is defined by a programed-hole puncher, and (c) thin film deposition is conducted by electroless plating followed by a sol-gel process. With the microchannel plate between the cathode and the anode of a field emission display, the brightness of luminescent light increases three- to fourfold by electron multiplication through an array of pores in the device. In addition, the fabricated microchannel plate prevents spreading of electrons emitted from the cathode tips, thus improving both display resolution and picture quality.

UKIRT fast guide system improvements

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Balius, Al; Rees, Nicholas P.

1997-09-01

The United Kingdom Infra-Red Telescope (UKIRT) has recently undergone the first major upgrade program since its construction. One part of the upgrade program was an adaptive tip-tilt secondary mirror closed with a CCD system collectively called the fast guide system. The installation of the new secondary and associated systems was carried out in the first half of 1996. Initial testing of the fast guide system has shown great improvement in guide accuracy. The initial installation included a fixed integration time CCD. In the first part of 1997 an integration time controller based on computed guide star luminosity was implemented in the fast guide system. Also, a Kalman type estimator was installed in the image tracking loop based on a dynamic model and knowledge of the statistical properties of the guide star position error measurement as a function of computed guide star magnitude and CCD integration time. The new configuration was tested in terms of improved guide performance nd graceful degradation when tracking faint guide stars. This paper describes the modified fast guide system configuration and reports the results of performance tests.

Exploring why junk foods are 'essential' foods and how culturally tailored recommendations improved feeding in Egyptian children.

PubMed

Kavle, Justine A; Mehanna, Sohair; Saleh, Gulsen; Fouad, Mervat A; Ramzy, Magda; Hamed, Doaa; Hassan, Mohamed; Khan, Ghada; Galloway, Rae

2015-07-01

In Egypt, the double burden of malnutrition and rising overweight and obesity in adults mirrors the transition to westernized diets and a growing reliance on energy-dense, low-nutrient foods. This study utilized the trials of improved practices (TIPs) methodology to gain an understanding of the cultural beliefs and perceptions related to feeding practices of infants and young children 0-23 months of age and used this information to work in tandem with 150 mothers to implement feasible solutions to feeding problems in Lower and Upper Egypt. The study triangulated in-depth interviews (IDIs) with mothers participating in TIPs, with IDIs with 40 health providers, 40 fathers and 40 grandmothers to gain an understanding of the influence and importance of the role of other caretakers and health providers in supporting these feeding practices. Study findings reveal high consumption of junk foods among toddlers, increasing in age and peaking at 12-23 months of age. Sponge cakes and sugary biscuits are not perceived as harmful and considered 'ideal' common complementary foods. Junk foods and beverages often compensate for trivial amounts of food given. Mothers are cautious about introducing nutritious foods to young children because of fears of illness and inability to digest food. Although challenges in feeding nutritious foods exist, mothers were able to substitute junk foods with locally available and affordable foods. Future programming should build upon cultural considerations learned in TIPs to address sustainable, meaningful changes in infant and young child feeding to reduce junk foods and increase dietary quality, quantity and frequency. © 2014 The Authors. Maternal & Child Nutrition published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Round Window Membrane Implantation with an Active Middle Ear Implant: A Study of the Effects on the Performance of Round Window Exposure and Transducer Tip Diameter in Human Cadaveric Temporal Bones

PubMed Central

Tringali, Stéphane; Koka, Kanthaiah; Deveze, Arnaud; Holland, N. Julian; Jenkins, Herman A.; Tollin, Daniel J.

2010-01-01

Objectives To assess the importance of 2 variables, transducer tip diameter and resection of the round window (RW) niche, affecting the optimization of the mechanical stimulation of the RW membrane with an active middle ear implant (AMEI). Materials and Methods: Ten temporal bones were prepared with combined atticotomy and facial recess approach to expose the RW. An AMEI stimulated the RW with 2 ball tip diameters (0.5 and 1.0 mm) before and after the resection of the bony rim of the RW niche. The RW drive performance, assessed by stapes velocities using laser Doppler velocimetry, was analyzed in 3 frequency ranges: low (0.25–1 kHz), medium (1–3 kHz) and high (3–8 kHz). Results Driving the RW produced mean peak stapes velocities (HEV) of 0.305 and 0.255 mm/s/V at 3.03 kHz, respectively, for the 1- and 0.5-mm tips, with the RW niche intact. Niche drilling increased the HEV to 0.73 and 0.832 mm/s/V for the 1- and 0.5-mm tips, respectively. The tip diameter produced no difference in output at low and medium frequencies; however, the 0.5-mm tip was 5 and 6 dB better than the 1-mm tip at high frequencies before and after niche drilling, respectively. Drilling the niche significantly improved the output by 4 dB at high frequencies for the 1-mm tip, and by 6 and 10 dB in the medium- and high-frequency ranges for the 0.5-mm tip. Conclusion The AMEI was able to successfully drive the RW membrane in cadaveric temporal bones using a classical facial recess approach. Stimulation of the RW membrane with an AMEI without drilling the niche is sufficient for successful hearing outputs. However, the resection of the bony rim of the RW niche significantly improved the RW stimulation at medium and higher frequencies. Drilling the niche enhances the exposure of the RW membrane and facilitates positioning the implant tip. PMID:20150727

The TIPS Evaluation Project: A Theory-Driven Approach to Dissemination Research.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Mulvey, Kevin P.; Hayashi, Susan W.; Hubbard, Susan M.; Kopstien, Andrea; Huang, Judy Y.

2003-01-01

Introduces the special section that focuses on four major studies under the treatment improvement protocols (TIPs) evaluation project. Provides an overview of each article, and addresses the value of using a theory-driven approach to dissemination research. (SLD)

How the medical practice employee can get more from continuing education programs.

PubMed

Hills, Laura Sachs

2007-01-01

Continuing education can be a win-win situation for the medical practice employee and for the practice. However, in order education programs must become informed consumers of such programs. They must know how to select the right educational programs for their needs and maximize their own participation. Employees who attend continuing education programs without preparation may not get the full benefit from their experiences. This article suggests benchmarks to help determine whether a continuing education program is worthwhile and offers advice for calculating the actual cost of any continuing education program. It provides a how-to checklist for medical practice employees so they know how to get the most out of their continuing education experience before, during, and after the program. This article also suggests using a study partner system to double educational efforts among employees and offers 10 practical tips for taking and using notes at a continuing education program. Finally, this article outlines the benefits of becoming a regular student and offers three practical tips for maximizing the employee's exhibit hall experience.

Performance and Vibratory Loads Data From a Wind-Tunnel Test of a Model Helicopter Main-Rotor Blade With a Paddle-Type Tip

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Yeager, William T., Jr.; Noonan, Kevin W.; Singleton, Jeffrey D.; Wilbur, Matthew L.; Mirick, Paul H.

1997-01-01

An investigation was conducted in the Langley Transonic Dynamics Tunnel to obtain data to permit evaluation of paddle-type tip technology for possible use in future U.S. advanced rotor designs. Data was obtained for both a baseline main-rotor blade and a main-rotor blade with a paddle-type tip. The baseline and paddle-type tip blades were compared with regard to rotor performance, oscillatory pitch-link loads, and 4-per-rev vertical fixed-system loads. Data was obtained in hover and forward flight over a nominal range of advance ratios from 0.15 to 0.425. Results indicate that the paddle-type tip offers no performance improvements in either hover or forward flight. Pitch-link oscillatory loads for the paddle-type tip are higher than for the baseline blade, whereas 4-per-rev vertical fixed-system loads are generally lower.

Using Music to Communicate Geoscience in Films, Videos and Interactive Games

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kerlow, I.

2017-12-01

Music is a powerful storytelling device and an essential component in today's movies and interactive games. Communicating Earth science can be enhanced and focused with the proper use of a musical score, particularly in the context of documentary films, television programs, interactive games and museum installations. This presentation presents five simple professional techniques to integrate music, visuals and voice-over narration into a single cohesive story that is emotionally engaging. It also presents five practical tips to improve the success of a musical collaboration. The concepts in question are illustrated with practical audio and video examples from real science projects.

Impact resistance of composite fan blades

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1974-01-01

Results are presented of a program to determine the impact resistance of composite fan blades subjected to foreign object damage (FOD) while operating under conditions simulating a short take-off and landing (STOL) engine at takeoff. The full-scale TF39 first-stage fan blade was chosen as the base design for the demonstration component since its configuration and operating tip speeds are similar to a typical STOL fan blade several composite configurations had already been designed and evaluated under previous programs. The first portion of the program was devoted toward fabricating and testing high impact resistant, aerodynamically acceptable composite blades which utilized only a single material system in any given blade. In order to increase the blade impact capability beyond this point, several mixed material (hybrid) designs were investigated using S-glass and Kevlar as well as boron and graphite fibers. These hybrid composite blades showed a marked improvement in resistance to bird impact over those blades made of a single composite material. The work conducted under this program has demonstrated substantial improvement in composite fan blades with respect to FOD resistance and has indicated that the hybrid design concept, which utilizes different types of fibers in various portions of a fan blade design depending on the particular requirements of the different areas and the characteristics of the different fibers involved, shows a significant improvement over those designs utilizing only one material system.

Treatment compliance in cystic fibrosis patients with chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection treated with tobramycin inhalation powder: The FREE study.

PubMed

Blasi, Francesco; Carnovale, Vincenzo; Cimino, Giuseppe; Lucidi, Vincenzina; Salvatore, Donatello; Messore, Barbara; Bartezaghi, Marta; Muscianisi, Elisa; Porpiglia, Pasquale Alberto

2018-05-01

A high treatment burden with nebulised therapies in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients is the major limitation for treatment compliance; moreover, studies on treatment compliance with inhaled antibiotics are limited. This study assessed compliance to TOBI ® Podhaler™ (TIP) treatment in CF patients with chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Pa) infections in a real-world setting using the Italian Treatment Adherence CF Questionnaire (ITA-CFq). This longitudinal, multicentre, cohort study included 2 follow-up (FU) visits: FU-1 at 3-months±15-days from the baseline visit and FU-2 at the end of third TIP cycle (or 6-months after enrolment, whichever occurred first). The effect of TIP on quality-of-life (QoL) and treatment satisfaction were evaluated using Cystic Fibrosis Questionnaire-Revised (CFQ-R) and Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire for Medication (TSQM), respectively. Overall compliance to treatments was assessed using ITA-CFq. Eighty-two patients (mean age, 24.8 ± 7.9 years), including 22 paediatric patients (age, <18 years), were enrolled in the study; 56 (68.3%) patients, including 17 paediatric patients, completed the study. At baseline, the mean compliance score to aerosol antibiotic treatment was 7.8 ± 3.2; upon introducing TIP, the compliance score improved to 9.4 ± 1.2 at the FU-1 and thereafter remained stable at 9.5 ± 1.2. TSQM was higher for the convenience domain (74.2 ± 17.1 at enrolment and slightly improved to 77.8 ± 15.9 at FU-2) following TIP initiation. No substantial effect of TIP was observed on the QoL when measured using the revised CFQ-R. The safety profile was in line with previous findings. TIP was convenient to use and led to improved treatment adherence in CF patients with chronic Pa-infection. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Arc-starting aid for GTA welding

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Whiffen, E. L.

1977-01-01

Three-in-one handtool combining arc-gap gage, electrode tip sander, and electrode projection gate, effectively improves initiation on gas tungsten arc (GTA), automatic skate-welding machines. Device effects ease in polishing electrode tips and setting exactly initial arc gap before each weld pass.

Sensing mode atomic force microscope

DOEpatents

Hough, Paul V. C.; Wang, Chengpu

2006-08-22

An atomic force microscope is described having a cantilever comprising a base and a probe tip on an end opposite the base; a cantilever drive device connected to the base; a magnetic material coupled to the probe tip, such that when an incrementally increasing magnetic field is applied to the magnetic material an incrementally increasing force will be applied to the probe tip; a moveable specimen base; and a controller constructed to obtain a profile height of a specimen at a point based upon a contact between the probe tip and a specimen, and measure an adhesion force between the probe tip and the specimen by, under control of a program, incrementally increasing an amount of a magnetic field until a release force, sufficient to break the contact, is applied. An imaging method for atomic force microscopy involving measuring a specimen profile height and adhesion force at multiple points within an area and concurrently displaying the profile and adhesion force for each of the points is also described. A microscope controller is also described and is constructed to, for a group of points, calculate a specimen height at a point based upon a cantilever deflection, a cantilever base position and a specimen piezo position; calculate an adhesion force between a probe tip and a specimen at the point by causing an incrementally increasing force to be applied to the probe tip until the probe tip separates from a specimen; and move the probe tip to a new point in the group.

Sensing mode atomic force microscope

DOEpatents

Hough, Paul V.; Wang, Chengpu

2004-11-16

An atomic force microscope is described having a cantilever comprising a base and a probe tip on an end opposite the base; a cantilever drive device connected to the base; a magnetic material coupled to the probe tip, such that when an incrementally increasing magnetic field is applied to the magnetic material an incrementally increasing force will be applied to the probe tip; a moveable specimen base; and a controller constructed to obtain a profile height of a specimen at a point based upon a contact between the probe tip and a specimen, and measure an adhesion force between the probe tip and the specimen by, under control of a program, incrementally increasing an amount of a magnetic field until a release force, sufficient to break the contact, is applied. An imaging method for atomic force microscopy involving measuring a specimen profile height and adhesion force at multiple points within an area and concurrently displaying the profile and adhesion force for each of the points is also described. A microscope controller is also described and is constructed to, for a group of points, calculate a specimen height at a point based upon a cantilever deflection, a cantilever base position and a specimen piezo position; calculate an adhesion force between a probe tip and a specimen at the point by causing an incrementally increasing force to be applied to the probe tip until the probe tip separates from a specimen; and move the probe tip to a new point in the group.

Blade tip, finite aspect ratio, and dynamic stall effects on the Darrieus rotor

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Paraschivoiu, I.; Desy, P.; Masson, C.

1988-02-01

The objective of the work described in this paper was to apply the Boeing-Vertol dynamic stall model in an asymmetric manner to account for the asymmetry of the flow between the left and right sides of the rotor. This phenomenon has been observed by the flow visualization of a two-straight-bladed Darrieus rotor in the IMST water tunnel. Also introduced into the aerodynamic model are the effects of the blade tip and finite aspect ratio on the aerodynamic performance of the Darrieus wind turbine. These improvements are compatible with the double-multiple-streamtube model and have been included in the CARDAAV computer code for predicting the aerodynamic performance. Very good agreement has been observed between the test data (Sandia 17 m) and theoretical predictions; a significant improvement over the previous dynamic stall model was obtained for the rotor power at low tip speed ratios, while the inclusion of the finite aspect ratio effects enhances the prediction of the rotor power for high tip speed ratios. The tip losses and finite aspect ratio effects were also calculated for a small-scale vertical-axis wind turbine, with a two-straight-bladed (NACA 0015) rotor.

75 FR 11632 - Proposed Collection; Comment Request for Notice 2001-1

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-03-11

... comments concerning Notice 2001-1, Employer-designed Tip Reporting Program for the Food and Beverage... Reporting Program for the Food and Beverage Industry (EmTRAC). OMB Number: 1545-1716. Notice Number: Notice...

Phase-Imaging with a Sharpened Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotube AFM Tip: Investigation of Low-k Dielectric Polymer Hybrids

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Nguyen, Cattien V.; Stevens, Ramsey M.; Meyyappan, M.; Volksen, Willi; Miller, Robert D.

2005-01-01

Phase shift tapping mode scanning force microscopy (TMSFM) has evolved into a very powerful technique for the nanoscale surface characterization of compositional variations in heterogeneous samples. Phase shift signal measures the difference between the phase angle of the excitation signal and the phase angle of the cantilever response. The signal correlates to the tip-sample inelastic interactions, identifying the different chemical and/or physical property of surfaces. In general, the resolution and quality of scanning probe microscopic images are highly dependent on the size of the scanning probe tip. In improving AFM tip technology, we recently developed a technique for sharpening the tip of a multi-walled carbon nanotube (CNT) AFM tip, reducing the radius of curvature of the CNT tip to less than 5 nm while still maintaining the inherent stability of multi-walled CNT tips. Herein we report the use of sharpened (CNT) AFM tips for phase-imaging of polymer hybrids, a precursor for generating nanoporous low-k dielectrics for on-chip interconnect applications. Using sharpened CNT tips, we obtained phase-contrast images having domains less than 10 nm. In contrast, conventional Si tips and unsharpened CNT tips (radius greater than 15 nm) were not able to resolve the nanoscale domains in the polymer hybrid films. C1early, the size of the CNT tip contributes significantly to the resolution of phase-contrast imaging. In addition, a study on the nonlinear tapping dynamics of the multi-walled CNT tip indicates that the multi-walled CNT tip is immune to conventional imaging instabilities related to the coexistence of attractive and repulsive tapping regimes. This factor may also contribute to the phase-contrast image quality of multi-walled CNT AFM tips. This presentation will also offer data in support of the stability of the CNT tip for phase shift TMSFM.

Improving End-To-End Tsunami Warning for Risk Reduction on Canada’s West Coast

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-01-01

Association Jason Wood , B.C. Ministry of Transportation and Infrastructure Steve Waugh, Bela Coola Dave Rainnie, Canadian Broadcasting Corporation...southern tip of Banks Island to the northern tip of Vancouver Island (the western limit of the eastern boundary of Cape Scot Provincial Park.) This... Scot to Port Renfrew Beginning on the eastern boundary of Cape Scot Provincial Park on the northern tip of Vancouver Island and running in a south

Tips from the Classroom: Word Building [and] Can't Say "Yes" or "No" [and] Three-Peat or How to Engage Students in Revising Their Oral Presentations [and] Taking the Minutes Is Time Well Spent [and] Puzzles.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Nicklous, Nan G.; And Others

1997-01-01

Presents useful tips for improving classroom learning. These include inviting native- and nonnative-English-speaking students to engage in world building while improving their language and cultural knowledge; highly motivated conversational activities; students' revision of their oral presentations; having students record classroom activities; and…

Air-Cooled Turbine Blades with Tip Cap For Improved Leading-Edge Cooling

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Calvert, Howard F.; Meyer, Andre J., Jr.; Morgan, William C.

1959-01-01

An investigation was conducted in a modified turbojet engine to determine the cooling characteristics of the semistrut corrugated air- cooled turbine blade and to compare and evaluate a leading-edge tip cap as a means for improving the leading-edge cooling characteristics of cooled turbine blades. Temperature data were obtained from uncapped air-cooled blades (blade A), cooled blades with the leading-edge tip area capped (blade B), and blades with slanted corrugations in addition to leading-edge tip caps (blade C). All data are for rated engine speed and turbine-inlet temperature (1660 F). A comparison of temperature data from blades A and B showed a leading-edge temperature reduction of about 130 F that could be attributed to the use of tip caps. Even better leading-edge cooling was obtained with blade C. Blade C also operated with the smallest chordwise temperature gradients of the blades tested, but tip-capped blade B operated with the lowest average chordwise temperature. According to a correlation of the experimental data, all three blade types 0 could operate satisfactorily with a turbine-inlet temperature of 2000 F and a coolant flow of 3 percent of engine mass flow or less, with an average chordwise temperature limit of 1400 F. Within the range of coolant flows investigated, however, only blade C could maintain a leading-edge temperature of 1400 F for a turbine-inlet temperature of 2000 F.

Influence of Needle Tip Distance on Barrier Discharge and Ozone Generation for Multiple Needles-Plane Electrode Configuration

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ueno, Hideki; Kawahara, Shintaro; Nakayama, Hiroshi

Relationship between barrier discharge characteristics and ozone generation under ac voltage application on triple needles-plane configuration has been investigated for various distances among triple needle-tips (d=0 ∼ 7.0mm) at constant distance between needle tip and plane (g=3.0mm) in dry air. Characteristics of barrier discharge and ozone generation depend on the needle-tips distance. It is considered that the influence is caused by space charge and accumulated charge suggested from discharge image by still camera and CCD camera. And ozone generation efficiency is also estimated by power consumption and ozone concentration. As a result, when the distance among triple needle-tips is narrow, the above-mentioned influence is strengthened. And in this case, ozone generation efficiency is improved.

Note: Low-temperature scanning tunneling microscope with detachable scanner and reliable transfer mechanism for tip and sample exchange

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ge, Weifeng; Wang, Jihao; Wang, Junting; Zhang, Jing; Hou, Yubin; Lu, Qingyou

2017-12-01

A homebuilt low-temperature scanning tunneling microscope (STM) featuring a detachable scanner based on a double slider design, along with a reliable transfer mechanism for tip and sample exchange, is present. The coarse motor is decoupled from the scanner, which prevents the motor instabilities including vibrations and drifts from entering the tip-sample loop and thus improves the performance of the STM. In addition, in situ exchange of tips and samples can be implemented easily and reliably using a winch-type transfer mechanism. Atomically resolved images on graphite are demonstrated to show the performance of the proposed STM.

Time-of-Flight Tip-Clearance Measurements

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Dhadwal, H. S.; Kurkov, A. P.; Janetzke, D. C.

1999-01-01

In this paper a time-of-flight probe system incorporating the two integrated fiber optic probes which are tilted equally relative to the probe holder centerline, is applied for the first time to measure the tip clearance of an advanced fan prototype. Tip clearance is largely independent of the signal amplitude and it relies on timing measurement. This work exposes optical effects associated with the fan blade stagger angle that were absent during the original spin-rig experiment on the zero stagger rotor. Individual blade tip clearances were measured with accuracy of +/- 127-mm (+/- 0.005-in). Probe features are discussed and improvements to the design are suggested.

Note: Low-temperature scanning tunneling microscope with detachable scanner and reliable transfer mechanism for tip and sample exchange.

PubMed

Ge, Weifeng; Wang, Jihao; Wang, Junting; Zhang, Jing; Hou, Yubin; Lu, Qingyou

2017-12-01

A homebuilt low-temperature scanning tunneling microscope (STM) featuring a detachable scanner based on a double slider design, along with a reliable transfer mechanism for tip and sample exchange, is present. The coarse motor is decoupled from the scanner, which prevents the motor instabilities including vibrations and drifts from entering the tip-sample loop and thus improves the performance of the STM. In addition, in situ exchange of tips and samples can be implemented easily and reliably using a winch-type transfer mechanism. Atomically resolved images on graphite are demonstrated to show the performance of the proposed STM.

Partnering with the Local Livestock Market in Educational Programs.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Jenkins, Jamie H.; Newman, Michael E.; Castellaw, Jimmy C.; Lane, Clyde D., Jr.

2000-01-01

Survey responses from 62 of 96 cattle producers evaluated educational methods of the extension service and the livestock market. Methods included tips distributed with the sale check, monthly and sale day programs, and Second Saturday cattle working program. The combination of programs offered influenced them to make changes in their production…

101 Ways To Build Enrollment in Your Early Childhood Program.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Montanari, Ellen Orton

Written for administrators of early childhood program centers, this book offers tips on how to increase enrollment. The book offers suggestions rather than a theoretical overview or a comprehensive marketing strategy. Suggestions offered include: (1) Offer a quality program; (2) be aware of your target market; (3) make your program unique; (4)…

An improved integrally formed radio frequency quadrupole

DOEpatents

Abbott, S.R.

1987-10-05

An improved radio frequency quadrupole is provided having an elongate housing with an elongate central axis and top, bottom and two side walls symmetrically disposed about the axis, and vanes formed integrally with the walls, the vanes each having a cross-section at right angles to the central axis which tapers inwardly toward the axis to form electrode tips spaced from each other by predetermined distances. Each of the four walls, and the vanes integral therewith, is a separate structural element having a central lengthwise plane passing through the tip of the vane, the walls having flat mounting surfaces at right angles to and parallel to the control plane, respectively, which are butted together to position the walls and vane tips relative to each other. 4 figs.

Sealing apparatus for airfoils of gas turbine engines

DOEpatents

Jones, Russell B.

1998-01-01

An improved airfoil tip sealing apparatus is disclosed wherein brush seals are attached to airfoil tips with the distal ends of the brush seal fibers sealingly contacting opposing wall surfaces. Embodiments for variable vanes, stators and both cooled and uncooled turbine blade applications are disclosed.

Utility of a Systematic Approach to Teaching Photographic Nasal Analysis to Otolaryngology Residents.

PubMed

Robitschek, Jon; Dresner, Harley; Hilger, Peter

2017-12-01

Photographic nasal analysis constitutes a critical step along the path toward accurate diagnosis and precise surgical planning in rhinoplasty. The learned process by which one assesses photographs, analyzes relevant anatomical landmarks, and generates a global view of the nasal aesthetic is less widely described. To discern the common pitfalls in performing photographic nasal analysis and to quantify the utility of a systematic approach model in teaching photographic nasal analysis to otolaryngology residents. This prospective observational study included 20 participants from a university-based otolaryngology residency program. The control and intervention groups underwent baseline graded assessment of 3 patients. The intervention group received instruction on a systematic approach model for nasal analysis, and both groups underwent postintervention testing at 10 weeks. Data were collected from October 1, 2015, through June 1, 2016. A 10-minute, 11-slide presentation provided instruction on a systematic approach to nasal analysis to the intervention group. Graded photographic nasal analysis using a binary 18-point system. The 20 otolaryngology residents (15 men and 5 women; age range, 24-34 years) were adept at mentioning dorsal deviation and dorsal profile with focused descriptions of tip angle and contour. Areas commonly omitted by residents included verification of the Frankfort plane, position of the lower lateral crura, radix position, and ratio of the ala to tip lobule. The intervention group demonstrated immediate improvement after instruction on the teaching model, with the mean (SD) postintervention test score doubling compared with their baseline performance (7.5 [2.7] vs 10.3 [2.5]; P < .001). At 10 weeks after the intervention, the mean comparative improvement in overall graded nasal analysis was 17% (95% CI, 10%-23%; P < .001). Otolaryngology residents demonstrated proficiency at incorporating nasal deviation, tip angle, and dorsal profile contour into their nasal analysis. They often omitted verification of the Frankfort plane, position of lower lateral crura, radix depth, and ala-to-tip lobule ratio. Findings with this novel 10-minute teaching model should be validated at other teaching institutions, and the instruction model should be further enhanced to teach more sophisticated analysis to residents as they proceed through training. NA.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Bilbao, Jose Ignacio; Quiroga, Jorge; Herrero, Jose Ignacio

Since the insertion of the first TIPS in 1989 much has been learned about this therapeutic procedure. It has an established role for the treatment of some complications of portal hypertension: prevention of recurrent variceal bleeding and rescue of patients with acute uncontrollable variceal bleeding. In addition TIPS is useful for Budd-Chiari syndrome, refractory ascites and hepatorenal syndrome, although its specific role in these indications remains to be definitively established. However, the decrease in sinusoidal blood flow induced by TIPS can lead to the patient developing hepatic encephalopathy and liver failure in some cases. Therefore, TIPS should be used withmore » caution in patients with very poor liver function. From a technical point of view, successful placement of TIPS is achieved in more than 98% of cases by experienced groups. At present, evaluation of TIPS dysfunction based on morphology probably leads to an overdiagnosis of this complication since most of these cases are not associated with clinical manifestations (recurrent bleeding or refractory ascites). The major disadvantage of TIPS remains its poor long-term patency requiring a mandatory surveillance program. The indicator for shunt function/malfunction should be the portosystemic pressure gradient, which is best assessed by intravascular measurements. Shunt obstructions may be prevented or reduced by the use of stent-grafts in the future.« less

Role of Tat-interacting protein of 110 kDa and microRNAs in the regulation of hematopoiesis.

PubMed

Liu, Ying; He, Johnny J

2016-07-01

Hematopoiesis is regulated by cellular factors including transcription factors, microRNAs, and epigenetic modifiers. Understanding how these factors regulate hematopoiesis is pivotal for manipulating them to achieve their desired potential. In this review, we will focus on HIV-1 Tat-interacting protein of 110 kDa (Tip110) and its regulation of hematopoiesis. There are several pathways in hematopoiesis that involve Tip110 regulation. Tip110 is expressed in human cord blood CD34 cells; its expression decreases when CD34 cells begin to differentiate. Tip110 is also expressed in mouse marrow hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) and hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPC). Tip110 expression increases the number, survival, and cell cycling of HPC. Tip110-mediated regulation of hematopoiesis has been linked to its reciprocal control of proto-oncogene expression. Small noncoding microRNAs (miRs) have been shown to play important roles in regulation of hematopoiesis. miR-124 specifically targets 3'-untranslated region of Tip110 and subsequently regulates Tip110 expression in HSC. Our recent findings for manipulating expression levels of Tip110 in HSC and HPC could be useful for expanding HSC and HPC and for improving engraftment of cord blood HSC/HPC.

Acoustic analysis of the propfan

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Farassat, F.; Succi, G. P.

1979-01-01

A review of propeller noise prediction technology is presented. Two methods for the prediction of the noise from conventional and advanced propellers in forward flight are described. These methods are based on different time domain formulations. Brief descriptions of the computer algorithms based on these formulations are given. The output of the programs (the acoustic pressure signature) was Fourier analyzed to get the acoustic pressure spectrum. The main difference between the two programs is that one can handle propellers with supersonic tip speed while the other is for subsonic tip speed propellers. Comparisons of the calculated and measured acoustic data for a conventional and an advanced propeller show good agreement in general.

A Novel Approach for Reducing Rotor Tip-Clearance Induced Noise in Turbofan Engines

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Khorrami, Mehdi R.; Li, Fei; Choudhari, Meelan

2001-01-01

Rotor tip-clearance induced noise, both in the form of rotor self noise and rotor-stator interaction noise , constitutes a significant component of total fan noise. Innovative yet cost effective techniques to suppress rotor-generated noise are, therefore, of foremost importance for improving the noise signature of turbofan engines. To that end, the feasibility of a passive porous treatment strategy to positively modify the tip-clearance flow field is addressed. The present study is focused on accurate viscous flow calculations of the baseline and the treated rotor flow fields. Detailed comparison between the computed baseline solution and experimental measurements shows excellent agreement. Tip-vortex structure, trajectory, strength, and other relevant aerodynamic quantities are extracted from the computed database. Extensive comparison between the untreated and treated tip-clearance flow fields is performed. The effectiveness of the porous treatment for altering the rotor-tip vortex flow field in general and reducing the intensity of the tip vortex, in particular, is demonstrated. In addition, the simulated flow field for the treated tip clearly shows that substantial reduction in the intensity of both the shear layer roll-up and boundary layer separation on the wall is achieved.

Test Rig for Evaluating Active Turbine Blade Tip Clearance Control Concepts

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Lattime, Scott B.; Steinetz, Bruce M.; Robbie, Malcolm G.

2003-01-01

Improved blade tip sealing in the high pressure compressor and high pressure turbine can provide dramatic improvements in specific fuel consumption, time-on-wing, compressor stall margin and engine efficiency as well as increased payload and mission range capabilities of both military and commercial gas turbine engines. The preliminary design of a mechanically actuated active clearance control (ACC) system for turbine blade tip clearance management is presented along with the design of a bench top test rig in which the system is to be evaluated. The ACC system utilizes mechanically actuated seal carrier segments and clearance measurement feedback to provide fast and precise active clearance control throughout engine operation. The purpose of this active clearance control system is to improve upon current case cooling methods. These systems have relatively slow response and do not use clearance measurement, thereby forcing cold build clearances to set the minimum clearances at extreme operating conditions (e.g., takeoff, re-burst) and not allowing cruise clearances to be minimized due to the possibility of throttle transients (e.g., step change in altitude). The active turbine blade tip clearance control system design presented herein will be evaluated to ensure that proper response and positional accuracy is achievable under simulated high-pressure turbine conditions. The test rig will simulate proper seal carrier pressure and temperature loading as well as the magnitudes and rates of blade tip clearance changes of an actual gas turbine engine. The results of these evaluations will be presented in future works.

Media--it takes more than flipping a switch.

PubMed

Miller, J

1980-01-01

Choosing the right audiovisual media for a health education program involves a variety of considerations, not the least of which is budget. The following article offers tips on making an informed, intelligent selection of media programs.

Programming (Tips) for Physicists & Engineers

ScienceCinema

Ozcan, Erkcan

2018-02-19

Programming for today's physicists and engineers. Work environment: today's astroparticle, accelerator experiments and information industry rely on large collaborations. Need more than ever: code sharing/resuse, code building--framework integration, documentation and good visualization, working remotely, not reinventing the wheel.

Programming (Tips) for Physicists & Engineers

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Ozcan, Erkcan

2010-07-13

Programming for today's physicists and engineers. Work environment: today's astroparticle, accelerator experiments and information industry rely on large collaborations. Need more than ever: code sharing/resuse, code building--framework integration, documentation and good visualization, working remotely, not reinventing the wheel.

CSC Tip Sheets: Testimonial Videos

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

Testimonial videos can be used to communicate to your target audience from the perspective of someone like them who has participated in program activities and can speak to the benefits and motivations of the activities your program is promoting.

"Fan-Tip-Drive" High-Power-Density, Permanent Magnet Electric Motor and Test Rig Designed for a Nonpolluting Aircraft Propulsion Program

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Brown, Gerald V.; Kascak, Albert F.

2004-01-01

A scaled blade-tip-drive test rig was designed at the NASA Glenn Research Center. The rig is a scaled version of a direct-current brushless motor that would be located in the shroud of a thrust fan. This geometry is very attractive since the allowable speed of the armature is approximately the speed of the blade tips (Mach 1 or 1100 ft/s). The magnetic pressure generated in the motor acts over a large area and, thus, produces a large force or torque. This large force multiplied by the large velocity results in a high-power-density motor.

JobTIPS: A Transition to Employment Program for Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorders

PubMed Central

Strickland, Dorothy C.; Coles, Claire D.; Southern, Louise B.

2013-01-01

This study evaluated the effectiveness of an Internet accessed training program that included Theory of Mind-based guidance, video models, visual supports, and virtual reality practice sessions in teaching appropriate job interview skills to individuals with high functioning ASD. In a randomized study, twenty two youth, ages 16 to 19, were evaluated during two employment interviews. Half received a training intervention following the initial interview and the half who served as a contrast group did not. Their performance pre and post intervention was assessed by four independent raters using a scale that included evaluation of both Content and Delivery. Results suggest that youth who completed the JobTIPS employment program demonstrated significantly more effective verbal content skills than those who did not. PMID:23494559

Study of blade clearance effects on centrifugal pumps

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hoshide, R. K.; Nielson, C. E.

1972-01-01

A program of analysis, design, fabrication, and testing has been conducted to develop and experimentally verify analytical models to predict the effects of impeller blade clearance on centrifugal pumps. The effect of tip clearance on pump efficiency, and the relationship between the head coefficient and torque loss with tip clearance was established. Analysis were performed to determine the cost variation in design, manufacture, and test that would occur between unshrouded and shrouded impellers. An impeller, representative of typical rocket engine impellers, was modified by removing its front shroud to permit variation of its blade clearances. It was tested in water with special instrumentation to provide measurements of blade surface pressures during operation. Pump performance data were obtained from tests at various impeller tip clearances. Blade pressure data were obtained at the nominal tip clearance. Comparisons of predicted and measured data are given.

Test Rig for Active Turbine Blade Tip Clearance Control Concepts: An Update

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Taylor, Shawn; Steinetz, Bruce; Oswald, Jay; DeCastro, Jonathan; Melcher, Kevin

2006-01-01

The objective is to develop and demonstrate a fast-acting active clearance control system to improve turbine engine performance, reduce emissions, and increase service life. System studies have shown the benefits of reducing blade tip clearances in modern turbine engines. Minimizing blade tip clearances throughout the engine will contribute materially to meeting NASA's Ultra-Efficient Engine Technology (UEET) turbine engine project goals. NASA GRC is examining two candidate approaches including rub-avoidance and regeneration which are explained in subsequent slides.

Sealing apparatus for airfoils of gas turbine engines

DOEpatents

Jones, R.B.

1998-05-19

An improved airfoil tip sealing apparatus is disclosed wherein brush seals are attached to airfoil tips with the distal ends of the brush seal fibers sealingly contacting opposing wall surfaces. Embodiments for variable vanes, stators and both cooled and uncooled turbine blade applications are disclosed. 17 figs.

Facilities, testing, and continuing studies on carbon-black loaded styrene-butadiene rubber

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Goldberg, A.; Sanchez, R.J.; LeMay, J.D.

The Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) has been involved with investigations dealing with the response of the rubber in tank track pads to various loading scenarios, both in the field and in the laboratory. In the laboratory, numerous studies were also performed on a number of other rubber formulations primarily involving a range of carbon-black loadings in SBR and NR. Reference is made to reports and papers addressing each of the studies involved in this program. Work performed during the final stages of this program is described. These studies were directed primarily at developing an understanding of the effects ofmore » cycling and notching histories, notch radius, notch depth, and specimen thickness on the deformation behavior, strain distributions, hysteresis, and residual strength of SBR containing various amounts of carbon black. Significant improvements were realized in our testing methodology, computer-controlled facilities, and data-acquisition system, and in our ability to obtain continuous photomicrographic documentation in ''real time'' of the tearing improvements, as they relate to the various studies, are detailed in this document. Results obtained in these studied involve (1) the fabrication and testing of thick tensile specimens, (2) the effect of notching under load on the residual strength, (3) the effect of cycling on residual strength of notched and notch-free specimens, (4) the effect of cycling on hysteresis, (5) the effect of notch radius for various notch depths on loss of strength, and (6) evaluation of strain at a notch tip and remote from the notch tip at various specimen extensions by analyzing the specimen grid markings, which were obtained with the microscope-video-Polaroid system. 15 refs., 27 figs.« less

Closed-loop ARS mode for scanning ion conductance microscopy with improved speed and stability for live cell imaging applications.

PubMed

Jung, Goo-Eun; Noh, Hanaul; Shin, Yong Kyun; Kahng, Se-Jong; Baik, Ku Youn; Kim, Hong-Bae; Cho, Nam-Joon; Cho, Sang-Joon

2015-07-07

Scanning ion conductance microscopy (SICM) is an increasingly useful nanotechnology tool for non-contact, high resolution imaging of live biological specimens such as cellular membranes. In particular, approach-retract-scanning (ARS) mode enables fast probing of delicate biological structures by rapid and repeated approach/retraction of a nano-pipette tip. For optimal performance, accurate control of the tip position is a critical issue. Herein, we present a novel closed-loop control strategy for the ARS mode that achieves higher operating speeds with increased stability. The algorithm differs from that of most conventional (i.e., constant velocity) approach schemes as it includes a deceleration phase near the sample surface, which is intended to minimize the possibility of contact with the surface. Analysis of the ion current and tip position demonstrates that the new mode is able to operate at approach speeds of up to 250 μm s(-1). As a result of the improved stability, SICM imaging with the new approach scheme enables significantly improved, high resolution imaging of subtle features of fixed and live cells (e.g., filamentous structures & membrane edges). Taken together, the results suggest that optimization of the tip approach speed can substantially improve SICM imaging performance, further enabling SICM to become widely adopted as a general and versatile research tool for biological studies at the nanoscale level.

Dipping Your Toes into Evaluation in Five Easy Steps: Tips, Tricks, and Lessons Learned

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Martin, A. M.

2013-04-01

With limited funding, staffing, and resources for STEM education projects, the push for rigorous evaluation of our efforts offers up significant challenges, but opportunities as well. Evaluative thinking can enrich and improve the entire life cycle of an education, communication, or outreach project, and can take many forms other than a final, summative evaluation report. The community of attendees at the Astronomical Society of the Pacific will share an abundance of evaluation expertise, approaches, and results, but where does one turn if evaluation is a new concept or responsibility? This session will briefly highlight five tips, tricks, and lessons learned from the perspective of a novice and from a NASA project new to evaluation. The resources and ideas shared in the session will represent the concrete advice and driving ideas that put the author on firmer evaluative footing. Themes explored will include: (1) strategies for incorporating evaluative thinking early in the development of a project and throughout its life cycle; (2) the benefit of taking the time to elucidate a program's logic model of theory of action; (3) linking program activities to outcomes that are SMART (specific, measurable, attainable, relevant, and timely); (4) working with an external or internal evaluator; and (5) taking evaluation beyond the formal, final report. Finally, we'll close with resources to help individuals and their organizations learn more about evaluation and build their evaluation capacity.

Teen Summer Reading Program, 1999. Read around the World.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Virginia State Library, Richmond.

This guide for the 1999 Virginia teen summer reading program for public libraries, "Read around the World," includes the following chapters: (1) "Reading and Teens," including serving the underserved, tips for teens, and a recipe for choosing a book to read for fun; (2) "Programming and Teens," including "The Why…

Engineering online and in-person social networks to sustain physical activity: application of a conceptual model.

PubMed

Rovniak, Liza S; Sallis, James F; Kraschnewski, Jennifer L; Sciamanna, Christopher N; Kiser, Elizabeth J; Ray, Chester A; Chinchilli, Vernon M; Ding, Ding; Matthews, Stephen A; Bopp, Melissa; George, Daniel R; Hovell, Melbourne F

2013-08-14

High rates of physical inactivity compromise the health status of populations globally. Social networks have been shown to influence physical activity (PA), but little is known about how best to engineer social networks to sustain PA. To improve procedures for building networks that shape PA as a normative behavior, there is a need for more specific hypotheses about how social variables influence PA. There is also a need to integrate concepts from network science with ecological concepts that often guide the design of in-person and electronically-mediated interventions. Therefore, this paper: (1) proposes a conceptual model that integrates principles from network science and ecology across in-person and electronically-mediated intervention modes; and (2) illustrates the application of this model to the design and evaluation of a social network intervention for PA. A conceptual model for engineering social networks was developed based on a scoping literature review of modifiable social influences on PA. The model guided the design of a cluster randomized controlled trial in which 308 sedentary adults were randomly assigned to three groups: WalkLink+: prompted and provided feedback on participants' online and in-person social-network interactions to expand networks for PA, plus provided evidence-based online walking program and weekly walking tips; WalkLink: evidence-based online walking program and weekly tips only; Minimal Treatment Control: weekly tips only. The effects of these treatment conditions were assessed at baseline, post-program, and 6-month follow-up. The primary outcome was accelerometer-measured PA. Secondary outcomes included objectively-measured aerobic fitness, body mass index, waist circumference, blood pressure, and neighborhood walkability; and self-reported measures of the physical environment, social network environment, and social network interactions. The differential effects of the three treatment conditions on primary and secondary outcomes will be analyzed using general linear modeling (GLM), or generalized linear modeling if the assumptions for GLM cannot be met. Results will contribute to greater understanding of how to conceptualize and implement social networks to support long-term PA. Establishing social networks for PA across multiple life settings could contribute to cultural norms that sustain active living. ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01142804.

Web-based Tailored Intervention for Preparation of Parents and Children for Outpatient Surgery (WebTIPS): Development

PubMed Central

Kain, Zeev N.; Fortier, Michelle A.; Chorney, Jill MacLaren; Mayes, Linda

2014-01-01

Background Due to cost-containment efforts, preparation programs for outpatient surgery are currently not available to the majority of children and parents. The recent dramatic growth in the Internet presents a unique opportunity to transform how children and their parents are prepared for surgery. In this article we describe the development of a Web-based tailored preparation program for children and parents undergoing surgery (WebTIPS). Development of Program A multidisciplinary taskforce agreed that a Web-based tailored intervention comprised of intake, matrix and output modules was the preferred approach. Next, the content of the various intake variables, the matrix logic and the output content was developed. The output product has a parent component and a child component and is described in http://surgerywebtips.com/about.php. The child component makes use of preparation strategies such as information provision, modeling, play and coping skills training. The parent component of WebTIPS includes strategies such as information provision, coping skills training, relaxation and distraction techniques. A reputable animation and Web-design company developed a secured Web-based product based on the above description. Conclusions In this article we describe the development of a Web-based tailored preoperative preparation program that can be accessed by children and parents multiple times before and after surgery. A follow-up article in this issue of Anesthesia & Analgesia describes formative evaluation and preliminary efficacy testing of this Web-based tailored preoperative preparation program. PMID:25790212

Testing of lift/cruise fan exhaust deflector. [for a tip turbine lift fan in short takeoff aircraft

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Schlundt, D. W.

1975-01-01

A lift/cruise exhaust deflector system for the LF336/A tip turbine lift fan was designed, built, and tested to determine the design and performance characteristics of a large-scale, single swivel nozzle thrust vectoring system. The exhaust deflector static testing was performed at the Ames Research Center outside static test stand facilities. The test hardware was installed on a hydraulic lift platform to permit both in and out of ground effect testing. The exhaust flow of the LF336/A lift fan was vectored from 0 degrees through 130 degrees during selected fan speeds to obtain performance at different operating conditions. The system was operated with and without flow vanes installed in the small radius bends to evaluate the system performance based on a proposed method of improving the internal flow losses. The program also included testing at different ground heights, to the nozzle exhaust plane, to obtain ground effect data, and the testing of two methods of thrust spoiling using a duct bypass door system and nozzle flap system.

New sensors and techniques for the structural health monitoring of propulsion systems.

PubMed

Woike, Mark; Abdul-Aziz, Ali; Oza, Nikunj; Matthews, Bryan

2013-01-01

The ability to monitor the structural health of the rotating components, especially in the hot sections of turbine engines, is of major interest to aero community in improving engine safety and reliability. The use of instrumentation for these applications remains very challenging. It requires sensors and techniques that are highly accurate, are able to operate in a high temperature environment, and can detect minute changes and hidden flaws before catastrophic events occur. The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), through the Aviation Safety Program (AVSP), has taken a lead role in the development of new sensor technologies and techniques for the in situ structural health monitoring of gas turbine engines. This paper presents a summary of key results and findings obtained from three different structural health monitoring approaches that have been investigated. This includes evaluating the performance of a novel microwave blade tip clearance sensor; a vibration based crack detection technique using an externally mounted capacitive blade tip clearance sensor; and lastly the results of using data driven anomaly detection algorithms for detecting cracks in a rotating disk.

New Sensors and Techniques for the Structural Health Monitoring of Propulsion Systems

PubMed Central

2013-01-01

The ability to monitor the structural health of the rotating components, especially in the hot sections of turbine engines, is of major interest to aero community in improving engine safety and reliability. The use of instrumentation for these applications remains very challenging. It requires sensors and techniques that are highly accurate, are able to operate in a high temperature environment, and can detect minute changes and hidden flaws before catastrophic events occur. The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), through the Aviation Safety Program (AVSP), has taken a lead role in the development of new sensor technologies and techniques for the in situ structural health monitoring of gas turbine engines. This paper presents a summary of key results and findings obtained from three different structural health monitoring approaches that have been investigated. This includes evaluating the performance of a novel microwave blade tip clearance sensor; a vibration based crack detection technique using an externally mounted capacitive blade tip clearance sensor; and lastly the results of using data driven anomaly detection algorithms for detecting cracks in a rotating disk. PMID:23935425

A Storytime Year: A Month-to-Month Kit for Preschool Programming.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Dailey, Susan M.

Noting the need for children's librarians, preschool teachers, and storytellers to keep their programs interesting and fresh, this guide is comprised of 48 theme-based units for preschool-level programs in libraries, early childhood settings, or at home. The guide is presented in two parts. Part 1 contains tips for theme-based program planning and…

From Knowledge to Action: Tips for Encouraging and Measuring Program-Related Behavior Change

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Chazdon, Scott; Horntvedt, Jody; Templin, Elizabeth

2016-01-01

It is challenging to document the behavior changes that result from Extension programming. This article describes an evaluation method we call the "action items method." Unlike other approaches for measuring behavior change, this method requires program participants to define their own action plans as part of a program and then asks them…

Catalyst-induced growth of carbon nanotubes on tips of cantilevers and nanowires

DOEpatents

Lee, James Weifu; Lowndes, Douglas H.; Merkulov, Vladimir I.; Eres, Gyula; Wei, Yayi; Greenbaum, Elias; Lee, Ida

2004-06-29

A method is described for catalyst-induced growth of carbon nanotubes, nanofibers, and other nanostructures on the tips of nanowires, cantilevers, conductive micro/nanometer structures, wafers and the like. The method can be used for production of carbon nanotube-anchored cantilevers that can significantly improve the performance of scaning probe microscopy (AFM, EFM etc). The invention can also be used in many other processes of micro and/or nanofabrication with carbon nanotubes/fibers. Key elements of this invention include: (1) Proper selection of a metal catalyst and programmable pulsed electrolytic deposition of the desired specific catalyst precisely at the tip of a substrate, (2) Catalyst-induced growth of carbon nanotubes/fibers at the catalyst-deposited tips, (3) Control of carbon nanotube/fiber growth pattern by manipulation of tip shape and growth conditions, and (4) Automation for mass production.

78 FR 22034 - Proposed Collection; Comment Request for Notice 2001-1

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-04-12

... Notice 2001-1, Employer-designed Tip Reporting Program for the Food and Beverage Industry (EmTRAC). DATES... Program for the Food and Beverage Industry (EmTRAC). OMB Number: 1545-1716. Notice Number: Notice 2001-1...

National security and national competitiveness: Open source solutions; NASA requirements and capabilities

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Cotter, Gladys A.

1993-01-01

Foreign competitors are challenging the world leadership of the U.S. aerospace industry, and increasingly tight budgets everywhere make international cooperation in aerospace science necessary. The NASA STI Program has as part of its mission to support NASA R&D, and to that end has developed a knowledge base of aerospace-related information known as the NASA Aerospace Database. The NASA STI Program is already involved in international cooperation with NATO/AGARD/TIP, CENDI, ICSU/ICSTI, and the U.S. Japan Committee on STI. With the new more open political climate, the perceived dearth of foreign information in the NASA Aerospace Database, and the development of the ESA database and DELURA, the German databases, the NASA STI Program is responding by sponsoring workshops on foreign acquisitions and by increasing its cooperation with international partners and with other U.S. agencies. The STI Program looks to the future of improved database access through networking and a GUI; new media; optical disk, video, and full text; and a Technology Focus Group that will keep the NASA STI Program current with technology.

Treatment for Stimulant Use Disorders. Treatment Improvement Protocol (TIP) Series 33.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (DHHS/PHS), Rockville, MD. Center for Substance Abuse Treatment.

This TIP on the best practice guidelines for treatment of substance abuse provides basic knowledge for practitioners, educators, and paraprofessionals about the nature and treatment of stimulant use disorders. More specifically, it reviews what is currently known about treating the medical, psychiatric, and substance abuse/dependence problems…

Imaging of soft material with carbon nanotube tip using near-field scanning microwave microscopy.

PubMed

Wu, Zhe; Sun, Wei-Qiang; Feng, Tao; Tang, Shawn Wenjie; Li, Gang; Jiang, Kai-Li; Xu, Sheng-Yong; Ong, Chong Kim

2015-01-01

In this manuscript, a near-field scanning microwave microscope (NSMM) of our own design is introduced while using a multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) bundle as the tip (referred to as 'CNT tip'). Clear images of gold-patterned numbers, photoresist stripes and corneal endothelial cells (cell line B4G12) were obtained by mapping the resonant frequency fr and S11 amplitude of a given area while the NSMM is operating in tapping mode. The CNT tip helps to improve image quality and reveals more information about the sample as compared to a traditional metallic tip. The CNT tip is flexible and does not scratch the surface of the sample during the scan, which is useful for imaging soft material in biological science. In the imaging of the B4G12 endothelial cells, the nuclei and cytoplasm can be clearly distinguished from the rest of the cell and its surrounding medium. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Genomic Analysis of the DNA Replication Timing Program during Mitotic S Phase in Maize (Zea mays) Root Tips[OPEN

PubMed Central

LeBlanc, Chantal; Lee, Tae-Jin; Mulvaney, Patrick; Allen, George C.; Martienssen, Robert A.; Thompson, William F.

2017-01-01

All plants and animals must replicate their DNA, using a regulated process to ensure that their genomes are completely and accurately replicated. DNA replication timing programs have been extensively studied in yeast and animal systems, but much less is known about the replication programs of plants. We report a novel adaptation of the “Repli-seq” assay for use in intact root tips of maize (Zea mays) that includes several different cell lineages and present whole-genome replication timing profiles from cells in early, mid, and late S phase of the mitotic cell cycle. Maize root tips have a complex replication timing program, including regions of distinct early, mid, and late S replication that each constitute between 20 and 24% of the genome, as well as other loci corresponding to ∼32% of the genome that exhibit replication activity in two different time windows. Analyses of genomic, transcriptional, and chromatin features of the euchromatic portion of the maize genome provide evidence for a gradient of early replicating, open chromatin that transitions gradually to less open and less transcriptionally active chromatin replicating in mid S phase. Our genomic level analysis also demonstrated that the centromere core replicates in mid S, before heavily compacted classical heterochromatin, including pericentromeres and knobs, which replicate during late S phase. PMID:28842533

A novel method for accurate needle-tip identification in trans-rectal ultrasound-based high-dose-rate prostate brachytherapy.

PubMed

Zheng, Dandan; Todor, Dorin A

2011-01-01

In real-time trans-rectal ultrasound (TRUS)-based high-dose-rate prostate brachytherapy, the accurate identification of needle-tip position is critical for treatment planning and delivery. Currently, needle-tip identification on ultrasound images can be subject to large uncertainty and errors because of ultrasound image quality and imaging artifacts. To address this problem, we developed a method based on physical measurements with simple and practical implementation to improve the accuracy and robustness of needle-tip identification. Our method uses measurements of the residual needle length and an off-line pre-established coordinate transformation factor, to calculate the needle-tip position on the TRUS images. The transformation factor was established through a one-time systematic set of measurements of the probe and template holder positions, applicable to all patients. To compare the accuracy and robustness of the proposed method and the conventional method (ultrasound detection), based on the gold-standard X-ray fluoroscopy, extensive measurements were conducted in water and gel phantoms. In water phantom, our method showed an average tip-detection accuracy of 0.7 mm compared with 1.6 mm of the conventional method. In gel phantom (more realistic and tissue-like), our method maintained its level of accuracy while the uncertainty of the conventional method was 3.4mm on average with maximum values of over 10mm because of imaging artifacts. A novel method based on simple physical measurements was developed to accurately detect the needle-tip position for TRUS-based high-dose-rate prostate brachytherapy. The method demonstrated much improved accuracy and robustness over the conventional method. Copyright © 2011 American Brachytherapy Society. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Fabrication of electron beam deposited tip for atomic-scale atomic force microscopy in liquid.

PubMed

Miyazawa, K; Izumi, H; Watanabe-Nakayama, T; Asakawa, H; Fukuma, T

2015-03-13

Recently, possibilities of improving operation speed and force sensitivity in atomic-scale atomic force microscopy (AFM) in liquid using a small cantilever with an electron beam deposited (EBD) tip have been intensively explored. However, the structure and properties of an EBD tip suitable for such an application have not been well-understood and hence its fabrication process has not been established. In this study, we perform atomic-scale AFM measurements with a small cantilever and clarify two major problems: contaminations from a cantilever and tip surface, and insufficient mechanical strength of an EBD tip having a high aspect ratio. To solve these problems, here we propose a fabrication process of an EBD tip, where we attach a 2 μm silica bead at the cantilever end and fabricate a 500-700 nm EBD tip on the bead. The bead height ensures sufficient cantilever-sample distance and enables to suppress long-range interaction between them even with a short EBD tip having high mechanical strength. After the tip fabrication, we coat the whole cantilever and tip surface with Si (30 nm) to prevent the generation of contamination. We perform atomic-scale AFM imaging and hydration force measurements at a mica-water interface using the fabricated tip and demonstrate its applicability to such an atomic-scale application. With a repeated use of the proposed process, we can reuse a small cantilever for atomic-scale measurements for several times. Therefore, the proposed method solves the two major problems and enables the practical use of a small cantilever in atomic-scale studies on various solid-liquid interfacial phenomena.

Carbon Nanotube Based Nano-Electro-Mechanical Systems (NEMS)

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Han, Jie; Dai, Hongjie; Saini, Subhash

1998-01-01

Carbon nanotubes (CNT) enable nanoelectromechanical systems (NEMS) because of their inherent nanostructure, intrinsic electric conductivity and mechanical resilience. The collaborative work between Stanford (experiment) and NASA Ames (theory and simulation) has made progress in two types of CNT based NEMS for nanoelectronics and sensor applications. The CNT tipped scanning probe microscopy (SPM) is a NEMS in which CNT tips are used for nanoscale probing, imaging and manipulating. It showed great improvement in probing surfaces and biological systems over conventional tips. We have recently applied it to write (lithography) and read (image) uniform SiO2 lines on large Si surface area at speed up to 0.5 mm per s. Preliminary work using approximately 10 nm multiwall nanotube tips produced approximately 10 nm structures and showed that the CNT tips didn't wear down when crashed as conventional tips often do. This presents a solution to the long standing tip-wear problem in SPM nanolithography. We have also explored potential of CNT tips in imaging DNA in water. Preliminary experiment using 10 nm CNT tips reached 5 nm resolution. The 1 nm nanolithography and 1 nm DNA imaging can be expected by using approximately 1 nm CNT tips. In contrast to CNT tipped SPM, we also fabricated CNT devices on silicon wafer in which CNTs connect patterned metallic lines on SiO2/Si by a simple chemical vapor deposition process. Using conventional lithography for silicon wafer, we have been able to obtain CNT based transistors and sensors. Investigations of the CNT NEMS as physical, biological and chemical sensors are in progress and will be discussed.

Tip Fence for Reduction of Lift-Generated Airframe Noise

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Ross, James C. (Inventor); Storms, Bruce L. (Inventor)

1998-01-01

The present invention is directed toward a unique lift-generated noise reduction apparatus. This apparatus includes a plurality of tip fences that are secured to the trailing and leading assemblies of the high-lift system, as close as possible to the discontinuities where the vortices are most likely to form. In one embodiment, these tip fences are secured to some or all of the outboard and inboard tips of the wing slats and flaps. The tip fence includes a generally flat, or an aerodynamically shaped plate or device that could be formed of almost any rigid material, such as metal, wood, plastic, fiber glass, aluminum, etc. In a preferred embodiment, the tip fences extend below and perpendicularly to flaps and the slats to which they are attached, such that these tip fences are aligned with the nominal free stream velocity of the aircraft. In addition to reducing airframe noise, the tip fence tends to decrease drag and to increase lift, thus improving the overall aerodynamic performance of the aircraft. Another advantage presented by the tip fence lies in the simplicity of its design, its elegance, and its ready ability to fit on the wing components, such as the flaps and the slats. Furthermore, it does not require non-standard materials or fabrication techniques, and it can be readily, easily and inexpensively retrofited on most of the existing aircraft, with minimal design changes.

Reactive oxygen species triggering systemic programmed cell death process via elevation of nuclear calcium ion level in tomatoes resisting tobacco mosaic virus.

PubMed

Li, Yang; Li, Qi; Hong, Qiang; Lin, Yichun; Mao, Wang; Zhou, Shumin

2018-05-01

Programmed cell death (PCD) plays a positive role in the systemic response of plants to pathogen resistance. It has been confirmed that local tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) infecting tomato leaves can induce systemic PCD process in root-tip tissues. But up to now the underlying physiological mechanisms are poorly understood. This study focused on the detailed investigation of the physiological responses of root-tip cells during the initiation of systemic PCD. Physiological, biochemical examination and cytological observation showed that 1 day post-inoculation (dpi) of TMV inoculation there was an increase in calcium fluorescence intensity in root tip tissue cells. Then at 2 dpi, 4 dpi, 8 dpi and 15 dpi, the fluorescence intensity of calcium ion continued to increase. However, at 5 dpi, the reactive oxygen species (ROS) began to accumulate in the root-tip cells. And finally at 20 dpi, the obvious PCD reaction was detected. In addition, the experimental results also showed that the above process involved the elevation of two types of intracellular Ca 2+ , including cytoplasmic calcium ([Ca 2+ ] cyt ) and nuclear calcium ([Ca 2+ ] nuc ). The [Ca 2+ ] cyt , as a pilot signal could lead to the subsequent elevation of intracellular ROS concentration. Then, the high levels of ROS stimulated an increase of [Ca 2+ ] nuc and eventually caused PCD reactions in the root-tip tissues. In particular, the high level of nuclear calcium is an essential mediator in systemic PCD of plants. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Pet Allergy Quiz

MedlinePlus

... Center Fellows-in-Training Grants & Awards Program Directors Practice Resources ASTHMA IQ Consultation and Referral Guidelines Practice Management Tips Practice Management Workshop Practice Tools Running ...

Tips for Healthy Voices

MedlinePlus

... Programs Professional Development Home AcademyU Home Study Course Maintenance of Certification Conferences & Events Practice Management Home Resources Quality Clinical Data Registry Research Reimbursement ...

Diet and Exercise Tips

MedlinePlus

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Full field study of strain distribution near the crack tip in the fracture of solid propellants via large strain digital image correlation and optical microscopy

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gonzalez, Javier

A full field method for visualizing deformation around the crack tip in a fracture process with large strains is developed. A digital image correlation program (DIC) is used to incrementally compute strains and displacements between two consecutive images of a deformation process. Values of strain and displacements for consecutive deformations are added, this way solving convergence problems in the DIC algorithm when large deformations are investigated. The method developed is used to investigate the strain distribution within 1 mm of the crack tip in a particulate composite solid (propellant) using microscopic visualization of the deformation process.

Developing a Cookbook with Lifestyle Tips: A Community-Engaged Approach to Promoting Diet-Related Cancer Prevention Guidelines.

PubMed

Smith, Selina A; Sheats, Joyce Q; Whitehead, Mary S; Delmoor, Ernestine; Britt, Thomas; Harris, Cassandra L; Robinson-Flint, Janette; Porche-Smith, L Monique; Umeakunne, Kayellen Edmonds; Coughlin, Steven S

Supplementing nutrition education with skills-building activities may enhance community awareness of diet-related cancer prevention guidelines. To develop a cookbook with lifestyle tips, recipes were solicited from the National Black Leadership Initiative on Cancer (NBLIC) community coalitions and dietary intake advice from participants in the Educational Program to Increase Colorectal Cancer Screening (EPICS). With guidance from a chef and registered dietitian, recipes were tested, assessed, and transformed; lifestyle advice was obtained from focus groups. The cookbook with lifestyle tips, named "Down Home Healthy Living (DHHL) 2.0," was distributed in print form to 2,500 EPICS participants and shared electronically through websites and social media.

Developing a Cookbook with Lifestyle Tips: A Community-Engaged Approach to Promoting Diet-Related Cancer Prevention Guidelines

PubMed Central

Smith, Selina A.; Sheats, Joyce Q.; Whitehead, Mary S.; Delmoor, Ernestine; Britt, Thomas; Harris, Cassandra L.; Robinson-Flint, Janette; Porche-Smith, L. Monique; Umeakunne, Kayellen Edmonds; Coughlin, Steven S.

2015-01-01

Supplementing nutrition education with skills-building activities may enhance community awareness of diet-related cancer prevention guidelines. To develop a cookbook with lifestyle tips, recipes were solicited from the National Black Leadership Initiative on Cancer (NBLIC) community coalitions and dietary intake advice from participants in the Educational Program to Increase Colorectal Cancer Screening (EPICS). With guidance from a chef and registered dietitian, recipes were tested, assessed, and transformed; lifestyle advice was obtained from focus groups. The cookbook with lifestyle tips, named “Down Home Healthy Living (DHHL) 2.0,” was distributed in print form to 2,500 EPICS participants and shared electronically through websites and social media. PMID:26709388

Final Technical Report: Electrohydrodynamic Tip Streaming

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Basaran, Osman

2016-01-06

When subjected to strong electric fields, liquid drops and films form conical tips and emit thin jets from their tips. Such electrodydrodynamic (EDH) tip streaming or cone-jetting phenomena, which are sometimes referred to as electrospraying, occur widely in nature, e.g., in ejection of streams of small charged drops from pointed tips of raindrops in thunderclouds, and technology, e.g., in electrospray mass spectrometry or electric field-driven solvent extraction. More recently, EHD cone-jetting has emerged as a powerful technique for direct printing of solar cells, micro- and nano- particle production, and microencapsulation for controlled release. In many of the aforementioned situations, ofmore » equal importance to the processes by which one drop disintegrates to form several drops are those by which (a) two drops come together and coalesce and (b) two drops are coupled to form a double droplet system (DDS) or a capillary switch (CS). the main objective of this research program is to advance through simulation, theory, and experiment the breakup, coalescence, and oscillatory dynamics of single and pairs of charged as well as uncharged drops.« less

Improved method for determining the stress relaxation at the crack tip

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Grinevich, A. V.; Erasov, V. S.; Avtaev, V. V.

2017-10-01

A technique is suggested to determine the stress relaxation at the crack tip during tests of a specimen of a new type at a constant crack opening fixed by a stay bolt. The shape and geometry of the specimen make it possible to set the load and to determine the crack closure force after long-term exposure using the force transducer of a tensile-testing machine. The stress relaxation at the crack tip is determined in a V95pchT2 alloy specimen at elevated temperatures.

Centering Pregnancy: practical tips for your practice.

PubMed

DeCesare, Julie Z; Jackson, Jessica R

2015-03-01

With increased access to care, current health delivery systems will need expansion to meet higher demands and needs. To define Centering Pregnancy and practical tips for implementation into both private and academic practices. Evidence was gathered through literature reviews. It was found that Centering Pregnancy offers a patient-centered, evidence-based approach to helping with access issues, as well as improving outcomes. This article describes the benefits of Centering Pregnancy to the practice, the provider, and the patient. Practical implementation tips will be offered, with suggestions for negating common implementation barriers.

Aerodynamic Inner Workings of Circumferential Grooves in a Transonic Axial Compressor

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hah, Chunill; Mueller, Martin; Schiffer, Heinz-Peter

2007-01-01

The current paper reports on investigations of the fundamental flow mechanisms of circumferential grooves applied to a transonic axial compressor. Experimental results show that the compressor stall margin is significantly improved with the current set of circumferential grooves. The primary focus of the current investigation is to advance understanding of basic flow mechanics behind the observed improvement of stall margin. Experimental data and numerical simulations of a circumferential groove were analyzed in detail to unlock the inner workings of the circumferential grooves in the current transonic compressor rotor. A short length scale stall inception occurs when a large flow blockage is built on the pressure side of the blade near the leading edge and incoming flow spills over to the adjacent blade passage due to this blockage. The current study reveals that a large portion of this blockage is created by the tip clearance flow originating from 20% to 50% chord of the blade from the leading edge. Tip clearance flows originating from the leading edge up to 20% chord form a tip clearance core vortex and this tip clearance core vortex travels radially inward. The tip clearance flows originating from 20% to 50% chord travels over this tip clearance core vortex and reaches to the pressure side. This part of tip clearance flow is of low momentum as it is coming from the casing boundary layer and the blade suction surface boundary layer. The circumferential grooves disturb this part of the tip clearance flow close to the casing. Consequently the buildup of the induced vortex and the blockage near the pressure side of the passage is reduced. This is the main mechanism of the circumferential grooves that delays the formation of blockage near the pressure side of the passage and delays the onset of short length scale stall inception. The primary effect of the circumferential grooves is preventing local blockage near the pressure side of the blade leading edge that directly determines flow spillage around the leading edge. The circumferential grooves do not necessarily reduce the over all blockage built up at the rotor tip section.

Makeover Madness: Tips for Revamping your Young Adult Area.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bolan, Kimberly; Wemett, Lisa C.

1999-01-01

Presents tips from a project that made modest but significant improvements to the young adult areas and services of 11 rural libraries in the Pioneer Library System in upstate New York. Discusses floor plans, layout and location; furniture and fixtures; collections and displays; technology; and staff. Illustrates changes with before-and-after…

IAQ Tools for Schools: Managing Asthma in the School Environment.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC. Office of Radiation and Indoor Air.

This manual provides tips on improving indoor air quality within the school environment by removing the elements that trigger asthma attacks in children, and presents a list of organizations where asthma resource information can be obtained. Air quality management tips cover removing of animal and cockroach allergens, cleaning up mold and…

Evaluating the Performance of the ff99SB Force Field Based on NMR Scalar Coupling Data

PubMed Central

Wickstrom, Lauren; Okur, Asim; Simmerling, Carlos

2009-01-01

Abstract Force-field validation is essential for the identification of weaknesses in current models and the development of more accurate models of biomolecules. NMR coupling and relaxation methods have been used to effectively diagnose the strengths and weaknesses of many existing force fields. Studies using the ff99SB force field have shown excellent agreement between experimental and calculated order parameters and residual dipolar calculations. However, recent studies have suggested that ff99SB demonstrates poor agreement with J-coupling constants for short polyalanines. We performed extensive replica-exchange molecular-dynamics simulations on Ala3 and Ala5 in TIP3P and TIP4P-Ew solvent models. Our results suggest that the performance of ff99SB is among the best of currently available models. In addition, scalar coupling constants derived from simulations in the TIP4P-Ew model show a slight improvement over those obtained using the TIP3P model. Despite the overall excellent agreement, the data suggest areas for possible improvement. PMID:19651043

Analytic investigation of helicopter rotor blade appended aeroelastic devices

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Bielawa, Richard L.

1984-01-01

Analytic evaluations of four different passive aeroelastic devices appended to helicopter rotor blades are presented. The devices consist of a passive tuned tab, a control coupled tab, an all-flying tip and a harmonic dilational airfoil tip. Each device was conceived for improving either aerodynamic performance or reducing vibratory control loads or hub shears. The evaluation was performed using a comprehensive rotor aeroelastic analysis (the G400PA code with appropriate modifications), together with data for a realistic helicopter rotor blade (the UH-60A Blackhawk), in high speed flight (90 m/s, 175 kts). The results of this study show that significant performance (L/(D sub e)) gains can be achieved with the all-flying free tip. Results from the harmonic dilational airfoil tip show the potential for moderate improvements in L/(D sub e). Finally, the results for the passive tuned tab and the control coupled tab, as configured for this study, show these devices to be impractical. Sections are included which describe the operation of each device, the required G400PA modifications, and the detailed results obtained for each device.

Enhanced Performance Consistency in Nanoparticle/TIPS Pentacene-Based Organic Thin Film Transistors

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

He, Zhengran; Xiao, Kai; Durant, William Mark

2011-01-01

In this study, inorganic silica nanoparticles are used to manipulate the morphology of 6,13-bis(triisopropylsilylethynyl)-pentacene (TIPS pentacene) thin films and the performance of solution-processed organic thin-film transistors (OTFTs). This approach is taken to control crystal anisotropy, which is the origin of poor consistency in TIPS pentacene based OTFT devices. Thin film active layers are produced by drop-casting mixtures of SiO{sub 2} nanoparticles and TIPS pentacene. The resultant drop-cast films yield improved morphological uniformity at {approx}10% SiO{sub 2} loading, which also leads to a 3-fold increase in average mobility and nearly 4 times reduction in the ratio of measured mobility standard deviationmore » ({mu}{sub Stdev}) to average mobility ({mu}{sub Avg}). Grazing-incidence X-ray diffraction, scanning and transmission electron microscopy as well as polarized optical microscopy are used to investigate the nanoparticle-mediated TIPS pentacene crystallization. The experimental results suggest that the SiO{sub 2} nanoparticles mostly aggregate at TIPS pentacene grain boundaries, and 10% nanoparticle concentration effectively reduces the undesirable crystal misorientation without considerably compromising TIPS pentacene crystallinity.« less

Enhanced Actuator Line Simulation of a Wind Turbine by including the Conservative Load at the Blade Tip

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Herraez, Ivan; Micallef, Daniel; van Kuik, Gijs A. M.; Peinke, Joachim

2015-11-01

At the tip of wind turbine blades, the radial bound circulation is transformed into chordwise circulation just before being released as trailing vorticity, giving rise to the tip vortex. The force acting on the chordwise circulation contains a radial and a normal component with respect to the blade axis. This load does not contribute to the torque, so it is a conservative load. Due to this, it is disregarded in the engineering tools used for the design of wind turbines. However, as we demonstrated in a previous work, the conservative load might influence the trajectory of the tip vortex. In order to see how this affects the blade loads, in this research we perform large eddy simulations with an actuator line model where the conservative load has been included. The conservative load reduces the angle of attack in the tip region as a consequence of the modified tip vortex trajectory. This has a negative influence on the lift and the power output. We conclude that the accuracy of engineering design tools of wind turbines can be improved if the conservative load acting at the tip is considered.

Mississippi Magic: Summer Library Program, 1999.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hudspeth, Jean; Shurden, Lynn Fletcher

This manual for the 1999 Mississippi summer library program for preschool through elementary age children contains the following sections: (1) Introduction, including planning, promotional activities, sample radio spots and press releases, sample letters to parents, tips for including children with disabilities, a general bibliography, a…

Microanalytical Efforts in Support of NASA's Materials Science Programs

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Gillies, Donald C.

2004-01-01

Following a brief overview of NASA s Microgravity Materials Science programs, specific examples will be given showing electron beam and optical microscopic applications to two-phase glass structures, dendrite tip radii, solid solution semiconductors, undercooled two-phase stainless steels and meteorites.

Magnet pole tips

DOEpatents

Thorn, Craig E.; Chasman, Chellis; Baltz, Anthony J.

1984-04-24

An improved magnet which more easily provides a radially increasing magnetic field, as well as reduced fringe field and requires less power for a given field intensity. The subject invention comprises a pair of spaced, opposed magnetic poles which further comprise a pair of pole roots, each having a pole tip attached to its center. The pole tips define the gap between the magnetic poles and at least a portion of each pole tip is separated from its associated pole root. The separation begins at a predetermined distance from the center of the pole root and increases with increasing radial distance while being constant with azimuth within that portion. Magnets in accordance with the subject invention have been found to be particularly advantageous for use in large isochronous cyclotrons.

Magnet pole tips

DOEpatents

Thorn, C.E.; Chasman, C.; Baltz, A.J.

1981-11-19

An improved magnet more easily provides a radially increasing magnetic field, as well as reduced fringe field and requires less power for a given field intensity. The subject invention comprises a pair of spaced, opposed magnetic poles which further comprise a pair of pole roots, each having a pole tip attached to its center. The pole tips define the gap between the magnetic poles and at least a portion of each pole tip is separated from its associated pole root. The separation begins at a predetermined distance from the center of the pole root and increases with increasing radial distance while being constant with azimuth within that portion. Magnets in accordance with the subject invention have been found to be particularly advantageous for use in large isochronous cyclotrons.

Control of droplet morphology for inkjet-printed TIPS-pentacene transistors

USGS Publications Warehouse

Lee, Myung Won; Ryu, Gi Seong; Lee, Young Uk; Pearson, Christopher; Petty, Michael C.; Song, Chung Kun

2012-01-01

We report on methods to control the morphology of droplets of 6,13-bis(triisopropyl-silylethynyl) pentacene (TIPS-PEN), which are then used in the fabrication of organic thin film transistors (OTFTs). The grain size and distribution of the TIPS-PEN were found to depend on the temperature of the droplets during drying. The performance of the OTFTs could be improved by heating the substrate and also by changing the relative positions of the inkjet-printed droplets. In our experiments, the optimum substrate temperature was 46 °C in air. Transistors with the TIPS-PEN grain boundaries parallel to the current flow between the source and drain electrodes exhibited charge carrier mobilities of 0.44 ± 0.08 cm2/V s.

Coupled Aerodynamic-Thermal-Structural (CATS) Analysis

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1995-01-01

Coupled Aerodynamic-Thermal-Structural (CATS) Analysis is a focused effort within the Numerical Propulsion System Simulation (NPSS) program to streamline multidisciplinary analysis of aeropropulsion components and assemblies. Multidisciplinary analysis of axial-flow compressor performance has been selected for the initial focus of this project. CATS will permit more accurate compressor system analysis by enabling users to include thermal and mechanical effects as an integral part of the aerodynamic analysis of the compressor primary flowpath. Thus, critical details, such as the variation of blade tip clearances and the deformation of the flowpath geometry, can be more accurately modeled and included in the aerodynamic analyses. The benefits of this coupled analysis capability are (1) performance and stall line predictions are improved by the inclusion of tip clearances and hot geometries, (2) design alternatives can be readily analyzed, and (3) higher fidelity analysis by researchers in various disciplines is possible. The goals for this project are a 10-percent improvement in stall margin predictions and a 2:1 speed-up in multidisciplinary analysis times. Working cooperatively with Pratt & Whitney, the Lewis CATS team defined the engineering processes and identified the software products necessary for streamlining these processes. The basic approach is to integrate the aerodynamic, thermal, and structural computational analyses by using data management and Non-Uniform Rational B-Splines (NURBS) based data mapping. Five software products have been defined for this task: (1) a primary flowpath data mapper, (2) a two-dimensional data mapper, (3) a database interface, (4) a blade structural pre- and post-processor, and (5) a computational fluid dynamics code for aerothermal analysis of the drum rotor. Thus far (1) a cooperative agreement has been established with Pratt & Whitney, (2) a Primary Flowpath Data Mapper has been prototyped and delivered to General Electric Aircraft Engines and Pratt & Whitney for evaluation, (3) a collaborative effort has been initiated with the National Institute of Standards and Testing to develop a Standard Data Access Interface, and (4) a blade tip clearance capability has been implemented into the Structural Airfoil Blade Engineering Routine (SABER) program. We plan to continue to develop the data mappers and data management tools. As progress is made, additional efforts will be made to apply these tools to propulsion system applications.

Antimicrobial formulary management: meeting the challenge in the community hospital.

PubMed

Rush, D R

1991-01-01

We established a casework approach to develop an antibiotic formulary for a large community hospital. The program consists of a combination of comprehensive clinical and administrative strategies designed to reduce antimicrobial expenditures and improve the quality of antibiotic prescribing. Strategies included a background document summarizing each pharmacologic group of antimicrobial drugs and formulary preferences, presentations to medical and surgical departments, development of drug use evaluation strategies that complement the development of the formulary, and a monitoring program for nonformulary antibiotic use. The development of a customized microbiologic/antibiotic susceptibility report card specific to the institution's inpatient and outpatient microflora was an integral part of the program. This tool also allowed for the continuous compilation of comparison data and development of prescribing tips. Predetermined criteria were established providing physicians with microorganism susceptibility reports and preferred treatment alternatives linked to pharmacoeconomic concerns. These strategies can be implemented with or without direct clinical pharmacotherapy specialist involvement at the individual patient care level.

75 FR 48880 - Approval and Promulgation of Gila River Indian Community's Tribal Implementation Plan

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-08-12

...The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) proposes to approve the Gila River Indian Community's (GRIC or the Tribe) Tribal Implementation Plan (TIP) under the Clean Air Act (CAA) to regulate air pollution within the exterior boundaries of the Tribe's reservation. The proposed TIP is one of four CAA regulatory programs that comprise the Tribe's Air Quality Management Plan (AQMP). EPA approved the Tribe for treatment in the same manner as a State (Treatment as State or TAS) for purposes of administering the AQMP and other CAA authorities on October 21, 2009. In this action we propose to act only on those portions of the AQMP that constitute a TIP containing severable elements of an implementation plan under CAA section 110(a). The proposed TIP includes general and emergency authorities, ambient air quality standards, permitting requirements for minor sources of air pollution, enforcement authorities, procedures for administrative appeals and judicial review in Tribal court, requirements for area sources of fugitive dust and fugitive particulate matter, general prohibitory rules, and source category-specific emission limitations. The purpose of the proposed TIP is to implement, maintain, and enforce the National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) in the GRIC reservation. The intended effect of today's proposed action is to make the GRIC TIP federally enforceable.

The TacTip Family: Soft Optical Tactile Sensors with 3D-Printed Biomimetic Morphologies

PubMed Central

Pestell, Nicholas; Cramphorn, Luke; Winstone, Benjamin; Giannaccini, Maria Elena; Rossiter, Jonathan; Lepora, Nathan F.

2018-01-01

Abstract Tactile sensing is an essential component in human–robot interaction and object manipulation. Soft sensors allow for safe interaction and improved gripping performance. Here we present the TacTip family of sensors: a range of soft optical tactile sensors with various morphologies fabricated through dual-material 3D printing. All of these sensors are inspired by the same biomimetic design principle: transducing deformation of the sensing surface via movement of pins analogous to the function of intermediate ridges within the human fingertip. The performance of the TacTip, TacTip-GR2, TacTip-M2, and TacCylinder sensors is here evaluated and shown to attain submillimeter accuracy on a rolling cylinder task, representing greater than 10-fold super-resolved acuity. A version of the TacTip sensor has also been open-sourced, enabling other laboratories to adopt it as a platform for tactile sensing and manipulation research. These sensors are suitable for real-world applications in tactile perception, exploration, and manipulation, and will enable further research and innovation in the field of soft tactile sensing. PMID:29297773

The TacTip Family: Soft Optical Tactile Sensors with 3D-Printed Biomimetic Morphologies.

PubMed

Ward-Cherrier, Benjamin; Pestell, Nicholas; Cramphorn, Luke; Winstone, Benjamin; Giannaccini, Maria Elena; Rossiter, Jonathan; Lepora, Nathan F

2018-04-01

Tactile sensing is an essential component in human-robot interaction and object manipulation. Soft sensors allow for safe interaction and improved gripping performance. Here we present the TacTip family of sensors: a range of soft optical tactile sensors with various morphologies fabricated through dual-material 3D printing. All of these sensors are inspired by the same biomimetic design principle: transducing deformation of the sensing surface via movement of pins analogous to the function of intermediate ridges within the human fingertip. The performance of the TacTip, TacTip-GR2, TacTip-M2, and TacCylinder sensors is here evaluated and shown to attain submillimeter accuracy on a rolling cylinder task, representing greater than 10-fold super-resolved acuity. A version of the TacTip sensor has also been open-sourced, enabling other laboratories to adopt it as a platform for tactile sensing and manipulation research. These sensors are suitable for real-world applications in tactile perception, exploration, and manipulation, and will enable further research and innovation in the field of soft tactile sensing.

Sensing mode atomic force microscope

DOEpatents

Hough, Paul V. C.; Wang, Chengpu

2003-01-01

An atomic force microscope utilizes a pulse release system and improved method of operation to minimize contact forces between a probe tip affixed to a flexible cantilever and a specimen being measured. The pulse release system includes a magnetic particle affixed proximate the probe tip and an electromagnetic coil. When energized, the electromagnetic coil generates a magnetic field which applies a driving force on the magnetic particle sufficient to overcome adhesive forces exhibited between the probe tip and specimen. The atomic force microscope includes two independently displaceable piezo elements operable along a Z-axis. A controller drives the first Z-axis piezo element to provide a controlled approach between the probe tip and specimen up to a point of contact between the probe tip and specimen. The controller then drives the first Z-axis piezo element to withdraw the cantilever from the specimen. The controller also activates the pulse release system which drives the probe tip away from the specimen during withdrawal. Following withdrawal, the controller adjusts the height of the second Z-axis piezo element to maintain a substantially constant approach distance between successive samples.

Integration of thermal digital 3D model and a MASW (Multichannel Analysis of Surface Wave) as a means of improving monitoring of spoil tip stability

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lewińska, Paulina; Matuła, Rafał; Dyczko, Artur

2018-01-01

Spoil tips are anthropogenic terrain structures built of leftover (coal) mining materials. They consist mostly of slate and sandstone or mudstone but also include coal and highly explosive coal dust. Coal soil tip fires cause an irreversible degradation to the environment. Government organizations notice the potential problem of spoil tip hazard and are looking for ways of fast monitoring of their temperature and inside structure. In order to test new monitoring methods an experimental was performed in the area of spoil tip of Lubelski Węgiel "Bogdanka" S.A. A survey consisted of creating a 3D discreet thermal model. This was done in order to look for potential fire areas. MASW (Multichannel analysis of surface wave) was done in order to find potential voids within the body of a tip. Existing data was digitalized and a 3D model of object's outside and inside was produced. This article provides results of this survey and informs about advantages of such an approach.

High-tip-speed, low-loading transonic fan stage. Part 3: Final report

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Ware, T. C.; Kobayashi, R. J.; Jackson, R. J.

1974-01-01

Tests were conducted on a high-tip-speed, low-loading transonic fan stage to determine the performance and inlet flow distortion tolerance of the design. The fan was designed for high efficiency at a moderate pressure ratio by designing the hub section to operate at minimum loss when the tip operates with an oblique shock. The design objective was an efficiency of 86 percent at a pressure ratio of 1.5, a specific flow (flow per unit annulus area) of 42 lb/sec-sq. ft (205.1 kgm/sec-m sq), and a tip speed of 1600 ft/sec (488.6 m/sec). During testing, a peak efficiency of 84 percent was achieved at design speed and design specific flow. At the design speed and pressure ratio, the flow was 4 percent greater than design, efficiency was 81 percent, and a stall margin of 24 percent was obtained. The stall line was improved with hub radial distortion but was reduced when the stage was tested with tip radial and circumferential flow distortions. Blade-to-blade values of static pressures were measured over the rotor blade tips.

Novel cylindrical illuminator tip for ultraviolet light delivery

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Shangguan, HanQun; Haw, Thomas E.; Gregory, Kenton W.; Casperson, Lee W.

1993-06-01

The design, processing, and sequential testing of a novel cylindrical diffusing optical fiber tip for ultraviolet light delivery is described. This device has been shown to uniformly (+/- 15%) illuminate angioplasty balloons, 20 mm in length, that are used in an experimental photochemotherapeutic treatment of swine intimal hyperplasia. Our experiments show that uniform diffusing tips of < 400 micron diameter can be reliably constructed for this and other interstitial applications. Modeling results indicate that this design is scalable to smaller diameters. The diffusing tips are made by stripping the protective buffer and etching away the cladding over a length of 20 mm from the fiber tip and replacing it with a thin layer of optical epoxy mixed with Al2O3 powder. To improve the uniformity and ease of fabrication, we have evaluated a new device configuration where the tip is etched into a modified conical shape, and the distal end face is polished and then coated with an optically opaque epoxy. This is shown to uniformly scatter approximately 70% of the light launched into the fiber without forward transmission.

40 CFR 93.109 - Criteria and procedures for determining conformity of transportation plans, programs, and...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

...) through (k) of this section explain when the budget, interim emissions, and hot-spot tests are required... § 93.115 Project from a conforming plan and TIP § 93.116 CO, PM10, and PM2.5 hot-spots. § 93.117 PM10... Currently conforming plan and TIP § 93.116 CO, PM10, and PM2.5 hot-spots. § 93.117 PM10 and PM2.5 control...

40 CFR 93.109 - Criteria and procedures for determining conformity of transportation plans, programs, and...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

...) through (k) of this section explain when the budget, interim emissions, and hot-spot tests are required... § 93.115 Project from a conforming plan and TIP § 93.116 CO, PM10, and PM2.5 hot-spots. § 93.117 PM10... Currently conforming plan and TIP § 93.116 CO, PM10, and PM2.5 hot-spots. § 93.117 PM10 and PM2.5 control...

A Finite Element Study on Crack Tip Deformation.

DTIC Science & Technology

1976-08-01

REPOPINUMDER • TNOR(.) CONTRACT OR GRANT NUMSER(.) ______ ~~~ ~~~ /I. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS 10. PROGRAM ELEMEN T. PROJECT . TASKJ AREA ...that the bulk of the strain measurements agree well with the results of the plane stress calculations except in the small area close to the crack tip...that the bulk of the strain measurements agree veil with the results of the plane stress calcula- tions except in the small area cloae to the crack

31 CFR 203.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... LOAN PROGRAM General Information § 203.2 Definitions. Advice of credit (AOC) means the paper or electronic form depositaries use to summarize and report Federal Tax Deposit (FTD) coupon deposits to the... in its Treasury Investment Program (TIP) main account. Borrower-In-Custody (BIC) collateral means an...

Selecting a Weight-Loss Program

MedlinePlus

... 3700, April 2008. Healthy Weight Tip Choose weight-loss programs that encourage healthy behaviors that help you lose weight gradually and maintain your weight over time. Looking for easy-to-use information for eating healthy on the go? The Maintaining a Healthy Weight On the Go pocket guide ...

Grant and Award Opportunities

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Institute of Museum and Library Services, 2008

2008-01-01

This publication provides an overview of the Institute of Museum and Library Services (IMLS), including programs, initiatives, research projects, publications, and strategic partnerships. It also provides tips for developing competitive grant applications and staff contacts for each program for the fiscal year beginning October 1, 2008. Once grant…

40 CFR 93.165 - Early emission reduction credit programs at Federal facilities and installation subject to...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 20 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Early emission reduction credit... Federal Actions to State or Federal Implementation Plans § 93.165 Early emission reduction credit programs... the SIP or TIP in that area, create an early emissions reductions credit program. The Federal agency...

40 CFR 93.165 - Early emission reduction credit programs at Federal facilities and installation subject to...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 20 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Early emission reduction credit... Federal Actions to State or Federal Implementation Plans § 93.165 Early emission reduction credit programs... the SIP or TIP in that area, create an early emissions reductions credit program. The Federal agency...

If I Buy an Ad, Will You Print My Story? How to Work with Your Local Newspaper to Promote Adult Education Programs.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gores, Mary

1996-01-01

Offers tips for working with local newspapers to promote adult education programs. Suggestions include knowing who's who at the paper, knowing their deadlines, making sure your program is newsworthy, knowing the difference between the editorial and advertising departments, and knowing your market audience. (JOW)

75 FR 63826 - Transmission Infrastructure Program-TransWest Express Transmission Project Capacity

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-10-18

..., 2009, Western published a Notice of Proposed Program and Request for Public Comments in the Federal... published its final TIP Notice of Program on May 14, 2009 (74 FR 22732). Western also published a Notice of... Gateway project. The southern terminal of the line would be interconnected with the 500-kV AC substations...

A review of propeller discrete frequency noise prediction technology with emphasis on two current methods for time domain calculations

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Farassat, F.; Succi, G. P.

1980-01-01

A review of propeller noise prediction technology is presented which highlights the developments in the field from the successful attempt of Gutin to the current sophisticated techniques. Two methods for the predictions of the discrete frequency noise from conventional and advanced propellers in forward flight are described. These methods developed at MIT and NASA Langley Research Center are based on different time domain formulations. Brief description of the computer algorithms based on these formulations are given. The output of these two programs, which is the acoustic pressure signature, is Fourier analyzed to get the acoustic pressure spectrum. The main difference between the programs as they are coded now is that the Langley program can handle propellers with supersonic tip speed while the MIT program is for subsonic tip speed propellers. Comparisons of the calculated and measured acoustic data for a conventional and an advanced propeller show good agreement in general.

Effects of Summer Academic Programs in Middle School on High School Test Scores, Course-Taking, and College Major

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Li, Yan; Alfeld, Corinne; Kennedy, Rebecca Prince; Putallaz, Martha

2009-01-01

Through their participation in a seventh-grade talent search in 1996-1997, students qualified to attend a summer program at Duke University's Talent Identification Program (Duke TIP). of the North Carolina students in this group, some attended at least one summer program in middle school and others had qualified for but did not attend a summer…

Diet and Exercise Tips

MedlinePlus

... Humanitarian Efforts International Outreach Advocacy Board of Governors Industry Programs Professional Development Home AcademyU Home Study Course Maintenance of Certification Conferences & Events Practice Management Home Resources ...

Reading Tips for Parents = Consejos practicos de lectura para los padre.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Department of Education, Washington, DC. Office of Intergovernmental and Interagency Affairs.

This booklet for parents, in both English and Spanish, offers suggestions for helping their young children develop and improve their reading skills. The booklet first presents tips for helping infants or preschoolers be ready to read and ready to learn. Suggestions include talking to the infant or toddler, reading aloud starting at 6 months,…

Two for One: Using QAR to Increase Reading Comprehension and Improve Test Scores

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Green, Susan

2016-01-01

This teaching tip describes an intervention used in a third-grade classroom implemented to help students pass an end-of-grade reading comprehension test. Low scores on a practice end-of-grade comprehension test prompted a re-examination of classroom reading instruction and a plan for intervention. This teaching tip describes the phases implemented…

[Educational program to type 1 diabetes mellitus patients: basic topics].

PubMed

Leite, Silmara A Oliveira; Zanim, Ligia Maria; Granzotto, Paula Carolina D; Heupa, Sabrina; Lamounier, Rodrigo N

2008-03-01

Type 1 diabetes incidence has been increasing worldwide, however the vast majority of patients do not have a good glycaemic control. This review focuses on diabetes educational programs designed for children, young adults and their families, as well as regular pump users educational tips, collected from papers published between 2000 and 2007. A comprehensive review of the literature has identified 40 articles describing the methods and the evaluation of diabetes self-management education interventions. Three research questions are posed. First: what are the recommendations and standards for diabetes self-management education from the different diabetes institutions/associations? Second: is there sufficient evidence to recommend any adaptation of any particular program? And third: Are the educational programs effective in lowering glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c)? The patient and his family should be instructed and trained to take appropriate decisions for diabetes management regarding their daily care. Diabetes self-management education improves glicaemic control (both in an individual basis as well as in groups) in such a way that the longer the education training in diabetes the better is the effect on glycaemic control is.

DESIGN ANALYSIS OF RADIAL INFLOW TURBINES

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Glassman, A. J.

1994-01-01

This program performs a velocity-diagram analysis required for determining geometry and estimating performance for radial-inflow turbines. Input design requirements are power, mass flow rate, inlet temperature and pressure, and rotative rate. The design variables include stator-exit angle, rotor-exit-tip to rotor-inlet radius ratio, rotor-exit-hub to tip radius ratio, and the magnitude and radial distribution of rotor-exit tangential velocity. The program output includes diameters, total and static efficiences, all absolute and relative temperatures, pressures, and velocities, and flow angles at stator inlet, stator exit, rotor inlet, and rotor exit. Losses accounted for in this program by the internal loss model are three-dimensional (profile plus end wall) viscous losses in the stator and the rotor, the disk-friction loss on the back side of the rotor, the loss due to the clearance between the rotor tip and the outer casing, and the exit velocity loss. The flow analysis is one-dimensional at the stator inlet, stator exit, and rotor inlet, each of these calculation stations being at a constant radius. At the rotor exit where there is a variation in flow-field radius, an axisymmetric two-dimensional analysis is made using constant height sectors. Simple radial equilibrium is used to establish the static pressure gradient at the rotor exit. This program is written in FORTRAN V and has been implemented on a UNIVAC 1100 series computer with a memory requirement of approximately 22K of 36 bit words.

A retrospective study of past graduates of a residential life skills program for youth with physical disabilities.

PubMed

Kingsnorth, S; King, G; McPherson, A; Jones-Galley, K

2015-05-01

Young people with physical disabilities experience issues regarding employment, schooling, independent living and establishing meaningful personal relationships. A lack of life skills has been recognized as an important factor contributing to this lag. The Independence Program (TIP) is a short-term residential life skills program that aims to equip youth with the foundational life skills required to assume adult roles. This study retrospectively examined the achievements, skills acquired and program attributions of youth and young adults who took part in this three-week immersive teen independence program over a 20-year period. A total of 162 past graduates were invited to take part, with 78 doing so (a 48% response rate). These past graduates completed an online survey assessing objective outcomes such as employment and independent living; subjective outcomes such as feeling in control and living meaningful lives; and reflections on skills acquired, opportunities experienced and attributions to TIP. The majority of respondents were female (71%), had a diagnosis of cerebral palsy (55%) and ranged from 20 to 35 years of age (92%). Despite a range of outcomes related to the achievement of adult roles, high levels of life satisfaction and overall quality of life were reported. Nearly every respondent reported using the skills they learned at the program in their lives afterwards and a high percentage attributed the acquisition and consolidation of core life skills to participating in this intensive immersive program. Although causality cannot be assumed, respondents reflected very positively on the opportunities provided by TIP to develop their independent living and life skills, extend their social networks and understand their strengths and weaknesses. Such findings validate the importance of targeted skill development to assist young people with physical disabilities in attaining their life goals and encourage focused investigations of key features in program design. © 2014 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Joint design of large-tip-angle parallel RF pulses and blipped gradient trajectories.

PubMed

Cao, Zhipeng; Donahue, Manus J; Ma, Jun; Grissom, William A

2016-03-01

To design multichannel large-tip-angle kT-points and spokes radiofrequency (RF) pulses and gradient waveforms for transmit field inhomogeneity compensation in high field magnetic resonance imaging. An algorithm to design RF subpulse weights and gradient blip areas is proposed to minimize a magnitude least-squares cost function that measures the difference between realized and desired state parameters in the spin domain, and penalizes integrated RF power. The minimization problem is solved iteratively with interleaved target phase updates, RF subpulse weights updates using the conjugate gradient method with optimal control-based derivatives, and gradient blip area updates using the conjugate gradient method. Two-channel parallel transmit simulations and experiments were conducted in phantoms and human subjects at 7 T to demonstrate the method and compare it to small-tip-angle-designed pulses and circularly polarized excitations. The proposed algorithm designed more homogeneous and accurate 180° inversion and refocusing pulses than other methods. It also designed large-tip-angle pulses on multiple frequency bands with independent and joint phase relaxation. Pulses designed by the method improved specificity and contrast-to-noise ratio in a finger-tapping spin echo blood oxygen level dependent functional magnetic resonance imaging study, compared with circularly polarized mode refocusing. A joint RF and gradient waveform design algorithm was proposed and validated to improve large-tip-angle inversion and refocusing at ultrahigh field. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Identification of a novel promoter from banana aquaporin family gene (MaTIP1;2) which responses to drought and salt-stress in transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana.

PubMed

Song, Shun; Xu, Yi; Huang, Dongmei; Miao, Hongxia; Liu, Juhua; Jia, Caihong; Hu, Wei; Valarezo, Ana Valeria; Xu, Biyu; Jin, Zhiqiang

2018-07-01

Drought and salt stresses often affect plant growth and crop yields. Identification of promoters involved in drought and salt stress responses is of great significance for genetic improvement of crop resistance. Our previous studies showed that aquaporin can respond to drought and salt stresses, but its promoter has not yet been reported in plants. In the present study, cis-acting elements of MaAQP family member promoters were systematically analyzed in banana. Expression of MaTIP1; 2 was induced by drought and salt stresses but not sensitive to cold stress, waterlogging stress, or mechanical damage, and its promoter contained five stress-related cis-acting elements. The MaTIP1; 2 promoter (841 bp upstream of translation initiation site) from banana (Musa acuminata L. AAA group cv. Brazilian) was isolated through genome walking polymerase chain reaction, and found to contain a TATA Box, CAAT box, ABRE element, CCGTCC box, CGTCA motif, and TCA element. Transformation of the MaTIP1; 2 promoter into Arabidopsis to assess its function indicated that it responds to both drought and salt stress treatments. These results suggest that MaTIP1; 2 utilization may improve drought and salt stresses resistance of the transgenic plants by promoting banana aquaporin expression. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.

Intravascular Ultrasound Guidance for Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt Procedure in a Swine Model

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Kew, Jacqueline; Davies, Roger P.

2004-01-15

A new method is described for guiding hepato-portalvenous puncture using a longitudinal side-view intravascular ultrasound(L-IVUS) transducer to assist in the performance of transjugularintrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) in three Australian swine.Simultaneous L-IVUS with an AcuNav (registered) 5-10 MHz 10 Fr transducer(Acuson Corporation, Mountain View, CA, USA) and fluoroscopy guidance was used to image and monitor the hepatic to portal venous puncture,dilatation of the tract, and deployment of the TIPS stent. Flow through the shunt could be demonstrated with both L-IVUS and angiography. TIPS was successful in all swine. The time for portal vein puncture once the target portal vein was identifiedmore » was reduced at each attempt. The number of portal vein puncture attempts was 2, 1, and 1. No post-procedural complication was evident. L-IVUS-guided TIPS is practical and has the potential to improve safety by permitting simultaneous ultrasound and fluoroscopic imaging of the needle and target vascular structures. This technique allows for a more streamlined approach to TIPS, decreasing the fluoroscopic time (hence,decreasing the radiation exposure to the staff and patient) and anesthetic time. In addition, there are improved safety benefits obviating the need for wedged portography, facilitating avoidance of bile duct and hepatic arterial puncture, and minimizing hepatic injury by decreasing liver capsular puncture and the attendant risks.« less

Twelve tips for developing, implementing, and sustaining medical education fellowship programs: Building on new trends and solid foundations.

PubMed

Dewey, Charlene M; Turner, Teri L; Perkowski, Linda; Bailey, Jean; Gruppen, Larry D; Riddle, Janet; Singhal, Geeta; Mullan, Patricia; Poznanski, Ann; Pillow, Tyson; Robins, Lynne S; Rougas, Steven C; Horn, Leora; Ghulyan, Marine V; Simpson, Deborah

2016-01-01

Medical education fellowship programs (MEFPs) are a form of faculty development contributing to an organization's educational mission and participants' career development. Building an MEFP requires a systematic design, implementation, and evaluation approach which aligns institutional and individual faculty goals. Implementing an MEFP requires a team of committed individuals who provide expertise, guidance, and mentoring. Qualified MEFP directors should utilize instructional methods that promote individual and institutional short and long term growth. Directors must balance the use of traditional design, implementation, and evaluation methodologies with advancing trends that may support or threaten the acceptability and sustainability of the program. Drawing on the expertise of 28 MEFP directors, we provide twelve tips as a guide to those implementing, sustaining, and/or growing a successful MEFP whose value is demonstrated by its impacts on participants, learners, patients, teaching faculty, institutions, the greater medical education community, and the population's health.

Numerical investigation of the unsteady tip leakage flow and rotating stall inception in a transonic compressor

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhang, Yanfeng; Lu, Xingen; Chu, Wuli; Zhu, Junqiang

2010-08-01

It is well known that tip leakage flow has a strong effect on the compressor performance and stability. This paper reports on a numerical investigation of detailed flow structures in an isolated transonic compressor rotor-NASA Rotor 37 at near stall and stalled conditions aimed at improving understanding of changes in 3D tip leakage flow structures with rotating stall inception. Steady and unsteady 3D Navier-Stokes analyses were conducted to investigate flow structures in the same rotor. For steady analysis, the predicted results agree well with the experimental data for the estimation of compressor rotor global performance. For unsteady flow analysis, the unsteady flow nature caused by the breakdown of the tip leakage vortex in blade tip region in the transonic compressor rotor at near stall condition has been captured with a single blade passage. On the other hand, the time-accurate unsteady computations of multi-blade passage at near stall condition indicate that the unsteady breakdown of the tip leakage vortex triggered the short length-scale — spike type rotating stall inception at blade tip region. It was the forward spillage of the tip leakage flow at blade leading edge resulting in the spike stall inception. As the mass flow ratio is decreased, the rotating stall cell was further developed in the blade passage.

High-speed microprobe for roughness measurements in high-aspect-ratio microstructures

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Doering, Lutz; Brand, Uwe; Bütefisch, Sebastian; Ahbe, Thomas; Weimann, Thomas; Peiner, Erwin; Frank, Thomas

2017-03-01

Cantilever-type silicon microprobes with an integrated tip and a piezoresistive signal read out have successfully proven to bridge the gap between scanning force microscopy and stylus profilometry. Roughness measurements in high-aspect-ratio microstructures (HARMS) with depths down to 5 mm and widths down to 50 µm have been demonstrated. To improve the scanning speed up to 15 mm s-1, the wear of the tip has to be reduced. The atomic layer deposition (ALD) technique with alumina (Al2O3) has been tested for this purpose. Repeated wear measurements with coated and uncoated microprobe cantilevers have been carried out on a roughness standard at a speed of 15 mm s-1. The tip shape and the wear have been measured using a new probing tip reference standard containing rectangular silicon grooves with widths from 0.3 µm to 3 µm. The penetration depth of the microprobe allows one to measure the wear of the tip as well as the tip width and the opening angle of the tip. The roughness parameters obtained on the roughness standard during wear experiments agree well with the reference values measured with a calibrated stylus instrument, nevertheless a small amount of wear still is observable. Further research is necessary in order to obtain wear resistant microprobe tips for non-destructive inspection of microstructures in industry and microform measurements, for example in injection nozzles.

Influence of tip end-plate on noise of small axial fan

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mao, Hongya; Wang, Yanping; Lin, Peifeng; Jin, Yingzi; Setoguchi, Toshiaki; Kim, Heuy Dong

2017-02-01

In this work, tip end-plate is used to improve the noise performance of small axial fans. Both numerical simulations and experimental methods were adopted to study the fluid flow and noise level of axial fans. Four modified models and the prototype are simulated. Influences of tip end-plate on static characteristics, internal flow field and noise of small axial fans are analyzed. The results show that on basis of the prototype, the model with the tip end-plate of 2 mm width and changed length achieved best noise performance. The overall sound pressure level of the model with the tip end-plate of 2 mm width and changed length is 2.4 dB less than that of the prototype at the monitoring point in specified far field. It is found that the mechanism of noise reduction is due to the decrease of vorticity variation on the surface of blades caused by the tip end-plate. Compared with the prototype, the static pressure of the model with the tip end-plate of 2 mm width and changed length at design flow rate decreases by 2 Pa and the efficiency decreases by 0.8%. It is concluded that the method of adding tip end-plate to impeller blades has a positive influence on reducing noise, but it may diminish the static characteristics of small axial fan to some extent.

U.S.-Russian Cooperation in Science and Technology: A Case Study of the TOPAZ Space-Based Nuclear Reactor International Program

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Dabrowski, Richard S.

2014-08-01

The TOPAZ International Program (TIP) was the final name given to a series of projects to purchase and test the TOPAZ-II, a space-based nuclear reactor of a type that had been further developed in the Soviet Union than in the United States. In the changing political situation associated with the break-up of the Soviet Union it became possible for the United States to not just purchase the system, but also to employ Russian scientists, engineers and testing facilities to verify its reliability. The lessons learned from the TIP illuminate some of the institutional and cultural challenges to U.S. - Russian cooperation in technology research which remain true today.

2004 Annual Health Physics Report for the HEU Transparency Program

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Radev, R

2005-04-01

During the 2004 calendar year, LLNL provided health physics support for the Highly Enriched Uranium Transparency Implementation Program (HEU-TIP) in external and internal radiation protection and technical expertise into matters related to BDMS radioactive sources and Russian radiation safety regulatory compliance. For the calendar year 2004, there were 200 person-trips that required dose monitoring of the U.S. monitors. Of the 200 person-trips, 183 person-trips were SMVs and 17 person-trips were Transparency Monitoring Office (TMO) trips. Eight person-trips from the SMV trips were continuation trips of TMO monitors to facilities other than UEIP. The LLNL Safety Laboratories' Division provided the dosimetrymore » services for the HEU-TIP monitors.« less

Tips for Implementing a Student Assistance Program.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Cooley, Van E.

1993-01-01

SAFARI (Student Assistance for At-Risk Individuals) is a nationally recognized, comprehensive K-12 program that addresses drug and alcohol use, sociological concerns, conflicts experienced by students, and at-risk behaviors interfering with academic success. Two neighboring Indiana school districts have combined resources to develop a program…

Personal Consumerism. Courseware Evaluation for Vocational and Technical Education.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Smizer, Janet; And Others

This courseware evaluation rates the "Personal Consumerism" program developed by Aquarius People Materials. (The eight-program series--not contained in this document--includes understanding labels, consumer help, consumer fraud, consumer law, comparative shopping, consumerism and you, reading an advertisement, and tips on buying a used…

Help Your Students Nail that College Audition!

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Keating, Andrea

2003-01-01

Focuses on how music teachers can assist high school students to prepare for a college audition and to select the right music program. Explains what audition committees look for in music students. Includes tips teachers can share with their students on program selection and the audition. (CMK)

The English Internship Program at Michigan State University.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Dornan, Reade

Recognizing that English majors need some preparation for a wider choice of employment opportunities, the Michigan State University English Department initiated an internship program in 1979 to offer students work experience, vocational advice, and practical tips for securing permanent employment. Although the choices for English intern positions…

Thermal characterization assessment of rigid and flexible water models in a nanogap using molecular dynamics

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Akıner, Tolga; Mason, Jeremy; Ertürk, Hakan

2017-11-01

The thermal properties of the TIP3P and TIP5P water models are investigated using equilibrium and non-equilibrium molecular dynamics techniques in the presence of solid surfaces. The performance of the non-equilibrium technique for rigid molecules is found to depend significantly on the distribution of atomic degrees of freedom. An improved approach to distribute atomic degrees of freedom is proposed for which the thermal conductivity of the TIP5P model agrees more closely with equilibrium molecular dynamics and experimental results than the existing state of the art.

Investigation of performance deterioration of the CF6/JT9D, high-bypass ratio turbofan engines

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Ziemianski, J. A.; Mehalic, C. M.

1980-01-01

The aircraft energy efficiency program within NASA is developing technology required to improve the fuel efficiency of commercial subsonic transport aricraft. One segment of this program includes engine diagnostics which is directed toward determining the sources and causes of performance deterioration in the Pratt and Whitney Aircraft JT9D and General Electric CF6 high-bypass ratio turbofan engines and developing technology for minimizing the performance losses. Results of engine performance deterioration investigations based on historical data, special engine tests, and specific tests to define the influence of flight loads and component clearances on performance are presented. The results of analysis of several damage mechanisms that contribute to performance deterioration such as blade tip rubs, airfoil surface roughness and erosion, and thermal distortion are also included. The significance of these damage mechanisms on component and overall engine performance is discussed.

Transjugular Intrahepatic Porto-Systemic Shunt in Patients with Liver Cirrhosis and Model for End-Stage Liver Disease ≥15.

PubMed

Ascha, Mona; Hanouneh, Mohamad; S Ascha, Mustafa; Zein, Nizar N; Sands, Mark; Lopez, Rocio; Hanouneh, Ibrahim A

2017-02-01

It is not known whether transjugular intrahepatic porto-systemic shunt (TIPS) is safe in patients with advanced liver cirrhosis. The aim of our study was to evaluate the impact of TIPS on transplant-free survival in patients with liver cirrhosis and MELD score ≥15. All adult patients who underwent TIPS at our institution between 2004 and 2011 were identified (N = 470). A total of 144 patients had MELD ≥15 at the time of TIPS. These patients were matched 1:1 to patients with liver cirrhosis who did not undergo TIPS based on age and MELD score using the greedy algorithm. Patients were followed up until time of death or liver transplantation. Kaplan-Meier curves and log-rank tests were used to test for differences in survival outcome between the two groups. A total of 288 patients with liver cirrhosis were included, of whom 144 underwent TIPS and 144 did not. The two groups were matched based on age and MELD score and were comparable with regard to gender and ethnicity. Mean MELD and Child-Pugh scores in the study population were 20.9 ± 6.5 and 10.5 ± 1.8, respectively. The most common indication for TIPS was varices (49 %), followed by refractory ascites (42 %). In the first 2 months post-TIPS, there was increased mortality or liver transplantation in patients who had TIPS compared to those who did not, but this did not reach statistical significance (p = 0.07). However, after 2 months, TIPS is associated with 56 % lower risk of dying or needing liver transplantation (p < 0.01) than cirrhotic patients who did not undergo TIPS. In patients with liver cirrhosis and MELD ≥15, TIPS might improve transplant-free survival for patients who live for at least 2 months after the procedure.

Tips for using mobile audience response systems in medical education

PubMed Central

Gousseau, Michael; Sommerfeld, Connor; Gooi, Adrian

2016-01-01

Background With growing evidence on the benefits of active learning, audience response systems (ARSs) have been increasingly used in conferences, business, and education. With the introduction of mobile ARS as an alternative to physical clickers, there are increasing opportunities to use this tool to improve interactivity in medical education. Aim The aim of this study is to provide strategies on using mobile ARS in medical education by discussing steps for implementation and pitfalls to avoid. Method The tips presented reflect our commentary of the literature and our experiences using mobile ARS in medical education. Results This article offers specific strategies for the preparation, implementation, and assessment of medical education teaching sessions using mobile ARS. Conclusion We hope these tips will help instructors use mobile ARS as a tool to improve student interaction, teaching effectiveness, and participant enjoyment in medical education. PMID:27942242

Morphology of Er:YAG-laser-treated root surfaces

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Keller, Ulrich; Stock, Karl; Hibst, Raimund

1997-12-01

From previous studies it could be demonstrated that an efficient ablation of dental calculus is possible using an Er:YAG laser with a special contact fiber tip. After improving of the design and the efficiency of light transmission of the contact tip laser treated tooth root surfaces were investigated due to morphological changes in comparison to conventional root scaling and planing. Surface modifications were observed histologically under the light microscope and by means of a Scanning Electron Microscope. During laser treatment the intrapulpal temperature increase was measured. The results show that the improved contact tip a microstructured surface can be generated, which shows no signs of thermal effects even when a laser pulse repetition rate of 15 Hz was used. Temperature increase was limited to 4 K at a repetition rate of 10 Hz and to 5.5 K at a repetition rate of 15 Hz.

The Evolution of Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt: Tips

PubMed Central

Fanelli, Fabrizio

2014-01-01

Since Richter's description in the literature in 1989 of the first procedure on human patients, transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) has been worldwide considered as a noninvasive technique to manage portal hypertension complications. TIPS succeeds in lowering the hepatic sinusoidal pressure and in increasing the circulatory flow, thus reducing sodium retention, ascites recurrence, and variceal bleeding. Required several revisions of the shunt TIPS can be performed in case of different conditions such as hepatorenal syndrome, hepatichydrothorax, portal vein thrombosis, and Budd-Chiari syndrome. Most of the previous studies on TIPS procedure were based on the use of bare stents and most patients chose TIPS 2-3 years after traditional treatment, thus making TIPS appear to be not superior to endoscopy in survival rates. Bare stents were associated with higher incidence of shunt failure and consequently patients required several revisions during the follow-up. With the introduction of a dedicated e-PTFE covered stent-graft, these problems were completely solved, No more reinterventions are required with a tremendous improvement of patient's quality of life. One of the main drawbacks of the use of e-PTFE covered stent-graft is higher incidence of hepatic encephalopathy. In those cases refractory to the conventional medical therapy, a shunt reduction must be performed. PMID:27335841

Rational design and validation of a Tip60 histone acetyltransferase inhibitor

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gao, Chunxia; Bourke, Emer; Scobie, Martin; Famme, Melina Arcos; Koolmeister, Tobias; Helleday, Thomas; Eriksson, Leif A.; Lowndes, Noel F.; Brown, James A. L.

2014-06-01

Histone acetylation is required for many aspects of gene regulation, genome maintenance and metabolism and dysfunctional acetylation is implicated in numerous diseases, including cancer. Acetylation is regulated by histone acetyltransferases (HATs) and histone deacetylases and currently, few general HAT inhibitors have been described. We identified the HAT Tip60 as an excellent candidate for targeted drug development, as Tip60 is a key mediator of the DNA damage response and transcriptional co-activator. Our modeling of Tip60 indicated that the active binding pocket possesses opposite charges at each end, with the positive charges attributed to two specific side chains. We used structure based drug design to develop a novel Tip60 inhibitor, TH1834, to fit this specific pocket. We demonstrate that TH1834 significantly inhibits Tip60 activity in vitro and treating cells with TH1834 results in apoptosis and increased unrepaired DNA damage (following ionizing radiation treatment) in breast cancer but not control cell lines. Furthermore, TH1834 did not affect the activity of related HAT MOF, as indicated by H4K16Ac, demonstrating specificity. The modeling and validation of the small molecule inhibitor TH1834 represents a first step towards developing additional specific, targeted inhibitors of Tip60 that may lead to further improvements in the treatment of breast cancer.

Propfan noise propagation

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

George, Albert R.; Sim, Ben WEL-C.

1993-01-01

The unconventional supersonic tip speed of advanced propellers has led to uncertainties about Propfan's noise acceptability and compliance with Federal Aviation Noise Regulation (FAR 36). Overhead flight testing of the Propfan with an SR-7L blade during 1989's Propfan Test Assessment (PTA) Program have shown unexpectedly high far-field sound pressure levels. This study here attempts to provide insights into the acoustics of a single-rotating propeller (SRP) with supersonic tip speed. At the same time, the role of the atmosphere in shaping the far-field noise characteristics is investigated.

Parallel transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt for controlling portal hypertension complications in cirrhotic patients.

PubMed

He, Fu-Liang; Wang, Lei; Yue, Zhen-Dong; Zhao, Hong-Wei; Liu, Fu-Quan

2014-09-07

To evaluate the feasibility of a second parallel transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) to reduce portal venous pressure and control complications of portal hypertension. From January 2011 to December 2012, 10 cirrhotic patients were treated for complications of portal hypertension. The demographic data, operative data, postoperative recovery data, hemodynamic data, and complications were analyzed. Ten patients underwent a primary and parallel TIPS. Technical success rate was 100% with no technical complications. The mean duration of the first operation was 89.20 ± 29.46 min and the second operation was 57.0 ± 12.99 min. The mean portal system pressure decreased from 54.80 ± 4.16 mmHg to 39.0 ± 3.20 mmHg after the primary TIPS and from 44.40 ± 3.95 mmHg to 26.10 ± 4.07 mmHg after the parallel TIPS creation. The mean portosystemic pressure gradient decreased from 43.80 ± 6.18 mmHg to 31.90 ± 2.85 mmHg after the primary TIPS and from 35.60 ± 2.72 mmHg to 15.30 ± 3.27 mmHg after the parallel TIPS creation. Clinical improvement was seen in all patients after the parallel TIPS creation. One patient suffered from transient grade I hepatic encephalopathy (HE) after the primary TIPS and four patients experienced transient grade I-II after the parallel TIPS procedure. Mean hospital stay after the first and second operations were 15.0 ± 3.71 d and 16.90 ± 5.11 d (P = 0.014), respectively. After a mean 14.0 ± 3.13 mo follow-up, ascites and bleeding were well controlled and no stenosis of the stents was found. Parallel TIPS is an effective approach for controlling portal hypertension complications.

Fiber-optic Singlet Oxygen [1O2 (1Δg)] Generator Device Serving as a Point Selective Sterilizer

PubMed Central

Aebisher, David; Zamadar, Matibur; Mahendran, Adaickapillai; Ghosh, Goutam; McEntee, Catherine; Greer, Alexander

2016-01-01

Traditionally, Type II heterogeneous photo-oxidations produce singlet oxygen via external irradiation of a sensitizer and external supply of ground-state oxygen. A potential improvement is reported here. A hollow-core fiber-optic device was developed with an “internal” supply of light and flowing oxygen, and a porous photosensitizer-end capped configuration. Singlet oxygen was delivered through the fiber tip. The singlet oxygen steady-state concentration in the immediate vicinity of the probe tip was ca 20 fM by N-benzoyl-DL-methionine trapping. The device is portable and the singlet oxygen-generating tip is maneuverable, which opened the door to simple disinfectant studies. Complete Escherichia coli inactivation was observed in 2 h when the singlet oxygen sensitizing probe tip was immersed in 0.1 mL aqueous samples of 0.1–4.4 × 107 cells. Photobleaching of the probe tip occurred after ca 12 h of use, requiring baking and sensitizer reloading steps for reuse. PMID:20497367

Air-Flow Navigated Crystal Growth for TIPS Pentacene-Based Organic Thin-Film Transistors

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

He, Zhengran; Chen, Jihua; Sun, Zhenzhong

2012-01-01

6,13-bis(triisopropylsilylethynyl)pentacene (TIPS pentacene) is a promising active channel material of organic thin-film transistors (OTFTs) due to its solubility, stability, and high mobility. However, the growth of TIPS pentacene crystals is intrinsically anisotropic and thus leads to significant variation in the performance of OTFTs. In this paper, air flow is utilized to effectively reduce the TIPS pentacene crystal anisotropy and enhance performance consistency in OTFTs, and the resulted films are examined with optical microscopy, grazing-incidence X-ray diffraction, and thin-film transistor measurements. Under air-flow navigation (AFN), TIPS pentacene drop-cast from toluene solution has been observed to form thin films with improved crystalmore » orientation and increased areal coverage on substrates, which subsequently lead to a four-fold increase of average hole mobility and one order of magnitude enhancement in performance consistency defined by the ratio of average mobility to the standard deviation of the field-effect mobilities.« less

Turbine blade tip flow discouragers

DOEpatents

Bunker, Ronald Scott

2000-01-01

A turbine assembly comprises a plurality of rotating blade portions in a spaced relation with a stationery shroud. The rotating blade portions comprise a root section, a tip portion and an airfoil. The tip portion has a pressure side wall and a suction side wall. A number of flow discouragers are disposed on the blade tip portion. In one embodiment, the flow discouragers extend circumferentially from the pressure side wall to the suction side wall so as to be aligned generally parallel to the direction of rotation. In an alternative embodiment, the flow discouragers extend circumferentially from the pressure side wall to the suction side wall so as to be aligned at an angle in the range between about 0.degree. to about 60.degree. with respect to a reference axis aligned generally parallel to the direction of rotation. The flow discouragers increase the flow resistance and thus reduce the flow of hot gas flow leakage for a given pressure differential across the blade tip portion so as to improve overall turbine efficiency.

Participating in the Direct Student Loan Program: Tips for Success.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Macro International, Inc., Calverton, MD.

This guide provides information for schools considering whether to participate in the Federal Direct Student Loan Program, and it offers advice on how to plan for and operate the loan program at an individual school. The information in the guide is presented in a way that follows the steps that need to be taken in planning and implementing the…

Educacion Ambiental en las Escuelas: Creando una Programa que Funcione! (Environmental Education in the Schools: Creating a Program That Works!).

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Braus, Judy A.; Wood, David

This book is a manual that enables teachers to formulate an effective program of environmental education across multiple grade levels and cultural settings. A section provides tips for using the book, followed by nine chapters dealing with different aspects of developing and implementing an environmental education program. Chapter 1 presents a…

Learning to teach science in a professional development school program

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hildreth, David P.

1997-09-01

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of learning to teach science in a Professional Development School (PDS) program on university elementary education preservice teachers' (1) attitudes toward science, (2) science process skills achievement, and (3) sense of science teaching efficacy. Data were collected and analyzed using both quantitative and qualitative methods. Quantitative data were collected using the Science Attitude Inventory (North Carolina Math and Science Education Network (1994), the Test of Integrated Process Skills, TIPS, (Dillashaw & Okey, 1980), and the Science Teaching Efficacy Belief Instrument, STEBI, form B (Enochs & Riggs, 1990). A pretest posttest research design was used for the attitude and process skills constructs. These results were analyzed using paired t test procedures. A pre-experimental group comparison group research design was used for the efficacy construct. Results from this comparison were analyzed using unpaired t test procedures. Qualitative data were collected through students' responses to open-ended questionnaires, narrative interviews, journal entries, small messages, and unsolicited conversations. These data were analyzed via pattern analysis. Posttest scores were significantly higher than pretests scores on both the Science Attitude Inventory and the TIPS. This indicated that students had improved attitudes toward science and science teaching and higher process skills achievement after three semesters in the science-focused PDS program. Scores on the STEBI were significantly higher for students in the pre-experimental group when compared to students in the comparison group. This indicates that students in the science-focused PDS program possessed more efficacious beliefs about science teaching than did the comparison group. Quantitative data were supported by analysis of qualitative data. Implications from this study point to the effectiveness of learning to teach science in a science-focused PDS program with respect to attitudes toward science, science process skills achievement, and sense of science teaching efficacy. In addition, qualitative data indicated that the most effective components of the science-focused PDS program rests largely on the fact that students learned to teach in a collaborative cohort team and that students spent extended periods of time in clinical internships and student teaching.

Fermilab Today | Tip of the Week Archive

Science.gov Websites

flood safety tips June 15, 2015 Why are there so many species? June 8, 2015 Cybersecurity in the 11, 2015 May is Electrical Safety Month May 4, 2015 The last line of defense is you April 27, 2015 A ? Fire! April 6, 2015 What could possibly go wrong? March 30, 2015 Improving traffic safety at Fermilab

Influence of Finite Span and Sweep on Active Flow Control Efficacy

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Greenblatt, David; Washburn, Anthony E.

2008-01-01

Active flow control efficacy was investigated by means of leading-edge and flap-shoulder zero mass-flux blowing slots on a semispan wing model that was tested in unswept (standard) and swept configurations. On the standard configuration, stall commenced inboard, but with sweep the wing stalled initially near the tip. On both configurations, leading-edge perturbations increased CL,max and post stall lift, both with and without deflected flaps. Without sweep, the effect of control was approximately uniform across the wing span but remained effective to high angles of attack near the tip; when sweep was introduced a significant effect was noted inboard, but this effect degraded along the span and produced virtually no meaningful lift enhancement near the tip, irrespective of the tip configuration. In the former case, control strengthened the wingtip vortex; in the latter case, a simple semi-empirical model, based on the trajectory or "streamline" of the evolving perturbation, served to explain the observations. In the absence of sweep, control on finite-span flaps did not differ significantly from their nominally twodimensional counterpart. Control from the flap produced expected lift enhancement and CL,max improvements in the absence of sweep, but these improvements degraded with the introduction of sweep.

On the role of tip curvature on flapping plates.

PubMed

Martin, Nathan; Gharib, Morteza

2018-01-09

During the flapping motion of a fish's tail, the caudal fin exhibits antero-posterior bending and dorso-ventral bending, the latter of which is referred to as chord-wise bending herein. The impact of chord-wise tip curvature on the hydrodynamic forces for flapping plates is investigated to explore potential mechanisms to improve the maneuverability or the performance of autonomous underwater vehicles. First, actuated chord-wise tip curvature is explored. Comparison of rigid curved geometries to a rigid flat plate as a baseline suggests that an increased curvature decreases the generated forces. An actuated plate with a dynamic tip curvature is created to illustrate a modulation of this decrease in forces. Second, the impact of curvature is isolated using curved plates with an identical planform area. Comparison of rigid curved geometries as a baseline corroborates the result that an increased curvature decreases the generated forces, with the exception that presenting a concave geometry into the flow increases the thrust and the efficiency. A passively-actuated plate is designed to capitalize on this effect by presenting a concave geometry into the flow throughout the cycle. The dynamically and passively actuated plates show potential to improve the maneuverability and the efficiency of autonomous underwater vehicles, respectively.

Evaluation of a novel, ultrathin, tip-bending endoscope in a synthetic force-sensing pancreas with comparison to medical guide wires

PubMed Central

Chandler, John E; Lee, Cameron M; Babchanik, Alexander P; Melville, C David; Saunders, Michael D; Seibel, Eric J

2012-01-01

Purpose Direct visualization of pancreatic ductal tissue is critical for early diagnosis of pancreatic diseases and for guiding therapeutic interventions. A novel, ultrathin (5 Fr) scanning fiber endoscope (SFE) with tip-bending capability has been developed specifically to achieve high resolution imaging as a pancreatoscope during endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). This device has potential to dramatically improve both diagnostic and therapeutic capabilities during ERCP by providing direct video feedback and tool guidance to clinicians. Methods Invasiveness of the new tip-bending SFE was evaluated by a performance comparison to ERCP guide wires, which are routinely inserted into the pancreatic duct during ERCP. An in vitro test model with four force sensors embedded in a synthetic pancreas was designed to detect and compare the insertion forces for 0.89 mm and 0.53 mm diameter guide wires as well as the 1.7 mm diameter SFE. Insertions were performed through the working channel of a therapeutic duodenoscope for the two types of guide wires and using a statistically similar direct insertion method for comparison to the SFE. Results Analysis of the forces detected by the sensors showed the smaller diameter 0.53 mm wire produced significantly less average and maximum forces during insertion than the larger diameter 0.89 mm wire. With the use of tip-bending and optical visualization, the 1.7 mm diameter SFE produced significantly less average force during insertion than the 0.89 mm wire at every sensor, despite its larger size. It was further shown that the use of tip-bending with the SFE significantly reduced the forces at all sensors, compared to insertions when tip-bending was not used. Conclusion Combining high quality video imaging with two-axis tip-bending allows a larger diameter guide wire-style device to be inserted into the pancreatic duct during ERCP with improved capacity to perform diagnostics and therapy. PMID:23166452

Using the Real-Ear-to-Coupler Difference within the American Academy of Audiology Pediatric Amplification Guideline: Protocols for Applying and Predicting Earmold RECDs.

PubMed

Moodie, Sheila; Pietrobon, Jonathan; Rall, Eileen; Lindley, George; Eiten, Leisha; Gordey, Dave; Davidson, Lisa; Moodie, K Shane; Bagatto, Marlene; Haluschak, Meredith Magathan; Folkeard, Paula; Scollie, Susan

2016-03-01

Real-ear-to-coupler difference (RECD) measurements are used for the purposes of estimating degree and configuration of hearing loss (in dB SPL ear canal) and predicting hearing aid output from coupler-based measures. Accurate measurements of hearing threshold, derivation of hearing aid fitting targets, and predictions of hearing aid output in the ear canal assume consistent matching of RECD coupling procedure (i.e., foam tip or earmold) with that used during assessment and in verification of the hearing aid fitting. When there is a mismatch between these coupling procedures, errors are introduced. The goal of this study was to quantify the systematic difference in measured RECD values obtained when using a foam tip versus an earmold with various tube lengths. Assuming that systematic errors exist, the second goal was to investigate the use of a foam tip to earmold correction for the purposes of improving fitting accuracy when mismatched RECD coupling conditions occur (e.g., foam tip at assessment, earmold at verification). Eighteen adults and 17 children (age range: 3-127 mo) participated in this study. Data were obtained using simulated ears of various volumes and earmold tubing lengths and from patients using their own earmolds. Derived RECD values based on simulated ear measurements were compared with RECD values obtained for adult and pediatric ears for foam tip and earmold coupling. Results indicate that differences between foam tip and earmold RECDs are consistent across test ears for adults and children which support the development of a correction between foam tip and earmold couplings for RECDs that can be applied across individuals. The foam tip to earmold correction values developed in this study can be used to provide improved estimations of earmold RECDs. This may support better accuracy in acoustic transforms related to transforming thresholds and/or hearing aid coupler responses to ear canal sound pressure level for the purposes of fitting behind-the-ear hearing aids. American Academy of Audiology.

Department of Defense Program Solicitation 94; Small Business Technology Transfer (STTR) Program; Fiscal Year 1994.

DTIC Science & Technology

1994-01-01

advanced diesel engine components; high-temperature titanium aluminide and Al-Fe alloys for aircraft and missile engines; environmentally compliant...gun-chamber liners and KE penetrator stabilizer fins, tips, and leading edges; low cost, ceramic thermal barrier coatings for gas turbine blades and

SSL Pricing and Efficacy Trend Analysis for Utility Program Planning

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Tuenge, J. R.

2013-10-01

Report to help utilities and energy efficiency organizations forecast the order in which important SSL applications will become cost-effective and estimate when each "tipping point" will be reached. Includes performance trend analysis from DOE's LED Lighting Facts® and CALiPER programs plus cost analysis from various sources.

The Power Hour of Homework Survey.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

1991

This booklet describes the Power Hour of Homework program for elementary school through secondary school students, including tips on implementing the program at home (i.e., checking homework, talking to the teacher, determining the correct amount of homework time for individual students) and survey responses to questions from parents and students.…

Tools for Teaming: Resources for Linking Vocational Programs with Special Populations.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Tavares, Barbara, Ed.

This publication provides resources for linking vocational programs with five special populations. Sections 1-5 each focus on one special population and contain some or all of these resources: activities; recruitment; teacher tips; laws; staff development; funding streams; parent advice; instructional modifications; websites; community resources;…

Computer-Generated Diagrams for the Classroom.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Carle, Mark A.; Greenslade, Thomas B., Jr.

1986-01-01

Describes 10 computer programs used to draw diagrams usually drawn on chalkboards, such as addition of three vectors, vector components, range of a projectile, lissajous figures, beats, isotherms, Snell's law, waves passing through a lens, magnetic field due to Helmholtz coils, and three curves. Several programming tips are included. (JN)

15 CFR 296.8 - Joint venture agreement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE NIST EXTRAMURAL PROGRAMS TECHNOLOGY INNOVATION PROGRAM General § 296.8 Joint venture agreement. NIST shall not issue a TIP award to a joint venture and... joint venture agreement has been executed by all of the joint venture members and approved by NIST. ...

15 CFR 296.8 - Joint venture agreement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE NIST EXTRAMURAL PROGRAMS TECHNOLOGY INNOVATION PROGRAM General § 296.8 Joint venture agreement. NIST shall not issue a TIP award to a joint venture and... joint venture agreement has been executed by all of the joint venture members and approved by NIST. ...

15 CFR 296.8 - Joint venture agreement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE NIST EXTRAMURAL PROGRAMS TECHNOLOGY INNOVATION PROGRAM General § 296.8 Joint venture agreement. NIST shall not issue a TIP award to a joint venture and... joint venture agreement has been executed by all of the joint venture members and approved by NIST. ...

15 CFR 296.8 - Joint venture agreement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE NIST EXTRAMURAL PROGRAMS TECHNOLOGY INNOVATION PROGRAM General § 296.8 Joint venture agreement. NIST shall not issue a TIP award to a joint venture and... joint venture agreement has been executed by all of the joint venture members and approved by NIST. ...

15 CFR 296.8 - Joint venture agreement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE NIST EXTRAMURAL PROGRAMS TECHNOLOGY INNOVATION PROGRAM General § 296.8 Joint venture agreement. NIST shall not issue a TIP award to a joint venture and... joint venture agreement has been executed by all of the joint venture members and approved by NIST. ...

Do Newborns Have More Complications When Mom Has Asthma?

MedlinePlus

... Center Fellows-in-Training Grants & Awards Program Directors Practice Resources ASTHMA IQ Consultation and Referral Guidelines Practice Management Tips Practice Management Workshop Practice Tools Running ...

Working with Speakers.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Pestel, Ann

1989-01-01

The author discusses working with speakers from business and industry to present career information at the secondary level. Advice for speakers is presented, as well as tips for program coordinators. (CH)

Acoustic design of the QCSEE propulsion systems

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Loeffler, I. J.; Smith, E. B.; Sowers, H. D.

1976-01-01

Acoustic design features and techniques employed in the Quiet Clean Short-Haul Experimental Engine (QCSEE) Program are described. The role of jet/flap noise in selecting the engine fan pressure ratio for powered lift propulsion systems is discussed. The QCSEE acoustic design features include a hybrid inlet (near-sonic throat velocity with acoustic treatment); low fan and core pressure ratios; low fan tip speeds; gear-driven fans; high and low frequency stacked core noise treatment; multiple-thickness treatment; bulk absorber treatment; and treatment on the stator vanes. The QCSEE designs represent and anticipated acoustic technology improvement of 12 to 16 PNdb relative to the noise levels of the low-noise engines used on current wide-body commercial jet transport aircraft.

Engineering online and in-person social networks to sustain physical activity: application of a conceptual model

PubMed Central

2013-01-01

Background High rates of physical inactivity compromise the health status of populations globally. Social networks have been shown to influence physical activity (PA), but little is known about how best to engineer social networks to sustain PA. To improve procedures for building networks that shape PA as a normative behavior, there is a need for more specific hypotheses about how social variables influence PA. There is also a need to integrate concepts from network science with ecological concepts that often guide the design of in-person and electronically-mediated interventions. Therefore, this paper: (1) proposes a conceptual model that integrates principles from network science and ecology across in-person and electronically-mediated intervention modes; and (2) illustrates the application of this model to the design and evaluation of a social network intervention for PA. Methods/Design A conceptual model for engineering social networks was developed based on a scoping literature review of modifiable social influences on PA. The model guided the design of a cluster randomized controlled trial in which 308 sedentary adults were randomly assigned to three groups: WalkLink+: prompted and provided feedback on participants’ online and in-person social-network interactions to expand networks for PA, plus provided evidence-based online walking program and weekly walking tips; WalkLink: evidence-based online walking program and weekly tips only; Minimal Treatment Control: weekly tips only. The effects of these treatment conditions were assessed at baseline, post-program, and 6-month follow-up. The primary outcome was accelerometer-measured PA. Secondary outcomes included objectively-measured aerobic fitness, body mass index, waist circumference, blood pressure, and neighborhood walkability; and self-reported measures of the physical environment, social network environment, and social network interactions. The differential effects of the three treatment conditions on primary and secondary outcomes will be analyzed using general linear modeling (GLM), or generalized linear modeling if the assumptions for GLM cannot be met. Discussion Results will contribute to greater understanding of how to conceptualize and implement social networks to support long-term PA. Establishing social networks for PA across multiple life settings could contribute to cultural norms that sustain active living. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01142804 PMID:23945138

A Numerical Analysis of Heat Transfer and Effectiveness on Film Cooled Turbine Blade Tip Models

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Ameri, A. A.; Rigby, D. L.

1999-01-01

A computational study has been performed to predict the distribution of convective heat transfer coefficient on a simulated blade tip with cooling holes. The purpose of the examination was to assess the ability of a three-dimensional Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes solver to predict the rate of tip heat transfer and the distribution of cooling effectiveness. To this end, the simulation of tip clearance flow with blowing of Kim and Metzger was used. The agreement of the computed effectiveness with the data was quite good. The agreement with the heat transfer coefficient was not as good but improved away from the cooling holes. Numerical flow visualization showed that the uniformity of wetting of the surface by the film cooling jet is helped by the reverse flow due to edge separation of the main flow.

System and method for improved rotor tip performance

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Zientek, Thomas A. (Inventor); Bussom, Richard (Inventor); McVeigh, Michael A. (Inventor); Narducci, Robert P. (Inventor)

2007-01-01

The present invention discloses systems and methods for the performance enhancement of rotary wing aircraft through reduced torque, noise and vibration. In one embodiment, a system includes a sail having an aerodynamic shape positioned proximate to a tip of the rotor blade. An actuator may be configured to rotate the sail relative to the blade tip. a A control system receives information from a rotorcraft system and commands the actuator to rotate the sail to a predetermined favorable rotor blade operating condition. In another embodiment, a method includes configuring the rotorcraft in a selected flight condition, communicating input signals to a control system operable to position sails coupled to tips of blades of a rotor assembly, processing the input signals according to a constraint condition to generate sail positional information, and transferring the sail positional information to the sail.

Rotor design of high tip speed low loading transonic fan.

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Erwin, J. R.; Vitale, N. G.

1972-01-01

This paper describes the design concepts, principles and details of a high tip speed transonic rotor having low aerodynamic loading. The purpose of the NASA sponsored investigation was to determine whether good efficiency and large stall margin could be obtained by designing a rotor to avoid flow separation associated with strong normal shocks. Fully supersonic flow through the outboard region of the rotor with compression accomplished by weak oblique shocks were major design concepts employed. Computer programs were written and used to derive blade sections consistent from the all-supersonic tip region to the all-subsonic hub region. Preliminary test results indicate attainment of design pressure ratio and design flow at design speed with about a 1.6 point decrement in efficiency and large stall margin.

Twelve tips for integrating leadership development into undergraduate medical education.

PubMed

Till, Alex; McKimm, Judy; Swanwick, Tim

2017-10-26

Healthcare systems need effective leadership. All healthcare professionals can and should "learn to lead" and this requires a clear focus on leadership development from the earliest stages of a career. Within medicine, undergraduate students should be provided with opportunities to thrive and develop their skills in terms of leadership, management and followership. Drawing from the existing evidence base, the authors' expertise and the latest "thought leadership", these 12 tips provide practical guidance to universities and associated provider organizations, and to academic and clinical faculty, on how to integrate leadership development into their undergraduate medical programs. These 12 tips will help educators provide medical education that incorporates leadership as a core part of a professional's identity, and help students gain a deeper understanding of themselves and the teams, organizations and system they work within.

Nitric Oxide Inhibits Al-Induced Programmed Cell Death in Root Tips of Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) by Affecting Physiological Properties of Antioxidants Systems and Cell Wall

PubMed Central

Pan, Chun-Liu; Yao, Shao-Chang; Xiong, Wei-Jiao; Luo, Shu-Zhen; Wang, Ya-Lun; Wang, Ai-Qin; Xiao, Dong; Zhan, Jie; He, Long-Fei

2017-01-01

It has been reported that nitric oxide (NO) is a negative regulator of aluminum (Al)-induced programmed cell death (PCD) in peanut root tips. However, the inhibiting mechanism of NO on Al-induced PCD is unclear. In order to investigate the mechanism by which NO inhibits Al-induced PCD, the effects of co-treatment Al with the exogenous NO donor or the NO-specific scavenger on peanut root tips, the physiological properties of antioxidants systems and cell wall (CW) in root tip cells of NO inhibiting Al-induced PCD were studied with two peanut cultivars. The results showed that Al exposure induced endogenous NO accumulation, and endogenous NO burst increased antioxidant enzyme activity in response to Al stress. The addition of NO donor sodium nitroprusside (SNP) relieved Al-induced root elongation inhibition, cell death and Al adsorption in CW, as well as oxidative damage and ROS accumulation. Furthermore, co-treatment with the exogenous NO donor decreased MDA content, LOX activity and pectin methylesterase (PME) activity, increased xyloglucan endotransglucosylase (XET) activity and relative expression of the xyloglucan endotransglucosylase/hydrolase (XTH-32) gene. Taken together, exogenous NO alleviated Al-induced PCD by inhibiting Al adsorption in CW, enhancing antioxidant defense and reducing peroxidation of membrane lipids, alleviating the inhibition of Al on root elongation by maintaining the extensibility of CW, decreasing PME activity, and increasing XET activity and relative XTH-32 expression of CW. PMID:29311970

Nitric Oxide Inhibits Al-Induced Programmed Cell Death in Root Tips of Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) by Affecting Physiological Properties of Antioxidants Systems and Cell Wall.

PubMed

Pan, Chun-Liu; Yao, Shao-Chang; Xiong, Wei-Jiao; Luo, Shu-Zhen; Wang, Ya-Lun; Wang, Ai-Qin; Xiao, Dong; Zhan, Jie; He, Long-Fei

2017-01-01

It has been reported that nitric oxide (NO) is a negative regulator of aluminum (Al)-induced programmed cell death (PCD) in peanut root tips. However, the inhibiting mechanism of NO on Al-induced PCD is unclear. In order to investigate the mechanism by which NO inhibits Al-induced PCD, the effects of co-treatment Al with the exogenous NO donor or the NO-specific scavenger on peanut root tips, the physiological properties of antioxidants systems and cell wall (CW) in root tip cells of NO inhibiting Al-induced PCD were studied with two peanut cultivars. The results showed that Al exposure induced endogenous NO accumulation, and endogenous NO burst increased antioxidant enzyme activity in response to Al stress. The addition of NO donor sodium nitroprusside (SNP) relieved Al-induced root elongation inhibition, cell death and Al adsorption in CW, as well as oxidative damage and ROS accumulation. Furthermore, co-treatment with the exogenous NO donor decreased MDA content, LOX activity and pectin methylesterase (PME) activity, increased xyloglucan endotransglucosylase (XET) activity and relative expression of the xyloglucan endotransglucosylase/hydrolase ( XTH-32 ) gene. Taken together, exogenous NO alleviated Al-induced PCD by inhibiting Al adsorption in CW, enhancing antioxidant defense and reducing peroxidation of membrane lipids, alleviating the inhibition of Al on root elongation by maintaining the extensibility of CW, decreasing PME activity, and increasing XET activity and relative XTH-32 expression of CW.

Improving Family Communications

MedlinePlus

... mode Turn off more accessible mode Skip Ribbon Commands Skip to main content Turn off Animations Turn ... do the same. More Tips To Improve Communication Do Give clear, age-appropriate directions such as, "When ...

Cessation Outcomes Among Quitline Callers in Three States During a National Tobacco Education Campaign.

PubMed

Vickerman, Katrina A; Zhang, Lei; Malarcher, Ann; Mowery, Paul; Nash, Chelsea

2015-07-16

Antismoking mass media campaigns, such as the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Tips from Former Smokers (Tips) campaign, increase the number of tobacco users calling tobacco quitlines. Few studies have investigated long-term tobacco use cessation for callers during antismoking media campaigns. Studies have suggested that callers during campaigns may be less committed to quitting and have lower quit rates. This study examines tobacco user cessation outcomes 7 months after quitline enrollment during the 2012 Tips campaign (March 19 through June 10, 2012). We analyzed data for 715 tobacco users who enrolled in the Nebraska, North Carolina, or Texas state quitline multiple-call programs during the 2012 Tips campaign and responded to a 7-month postenrollment survey (38.5% survey response rate). We used multivariable logistic regression analyses to determine whether 7-day and 30-day point prevalence abstinence rates 7 months after enrollment were related to level of exposure to the campaign. In multivariable models, only lower nicotine dependence and higher call completion were associated with higher odds of 7-day and 30-day abstinence 7 months after enrollment. Tips campaign exposure was not associated with abstinence. Once enrolled in quitline counseling, quitline callers achieved similar outcomes regardless of Tips campaign exposure levels. While the campaign did not appear to directly affect odds of tobacco abstinence through quitlines, antismoking mass media campaigns such as Tips are valuable in increasing tobacco users' exposure to quitlines and thus increasing their likelihood of making a quit attempt and eventually achieving tobacco abstinence.

Trends and Tipping Points of Drought-induced Tree Mortality

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Huang, K.; Yi, C.; Wu, D.; Zhou, T.; Zhao, X.; Blanford, W. J.; Wei, S.; Wu, H.; Du, L.

2014-12-01

Drought-induced tree mortality worldwide has been recently reported in a review of the literature by Allen et al. (2010). However, a quantitative relationship between widespread loss of forest from mortality and drought is still a key knowledge gap. Specifically, the field lacks quantitative knowledge of tipping point in trees when coping with water stress, which inhibits the assessments of how climate change affects the forest ecosystem. We investigate the statistical relationships for different (seven) conifer species between Ring Width Index (RWI) and Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI), based on 411 chronologies from the International Tree-Ring Data Bank across 11 states of the western United States. We found robust species-specific relationships between RWI and SPEI for all seven conifer species at dry condition. The regression models show that the RWI decreases with SPEI decreasing (drying) and more than 76% variation of tree growth (RWI) can be explained by the drought index (SPEI). However, when soil water is sufficient (i.e., SPEI>SPEIu), soil water is no longer a restrictive factor for tree growth and, therefore, the RWI shows a weak correlation with SPEI. Based on the statistical models, we derived the tipping point of SPEI (SPEItp) where the RWI equals 0, which means the carbon efflux by tree respiration equals carbon influx by tree photosynthesis. When the severity of drought exceeds this tipping point(i.e. SPEI

Pancreaticoportal Fistula and Disseminated Fat Necrosis After Revision of a Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Klein, Seth J., E-mail: kleins@mir.wustl.edu; Saad, Nael; Korenblat, Kevin

A 59-year old man with alcohol related cirrhosis and portal hypertension was referred for transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) to treat his refractory ascites. Ten years later, two sequential TIPS revisions were performed for shunt stenosis and recurrent ascites. After these revisions, he returned with increased serum pancreatic enzyme levels and disseminated superficial fat necrosis; an iatrogenic pancreaticoportal vein fistula caused by disruption of the pancreatic duct was suspected. The bare area of the TIPS was subsequently lined with a covered stent-graft, and serum enzyme levels returned to baseline. In the interval follow-up period, the patient has clinically improved.

Soldering instrument safety improvements

DOEpatents

Kosslow, William J.; Giron, Ronald W.

1996-01-01

A safe soldering device includes a retractable heat shield which can be moved between a first position in which the solder tip of the device is exposed for soldering operation and a second position in which the solder tip is covered by the heat shield. Preferably, the heat shield is biased towards the second position and may be locked in the first position for ease of use. When the soldering device is equipped with a vacuum system, the heat shield may serve to guide the flow of gases and heat from the solder tip away from the work area. The heat shield is preferably made of non-heatsinking plastic.

Toward a Fast-Response Active Turbine Tip Clearance Control

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Melcher, Kevin J.; Kypuros, Javier A.

2003-01-01

This paper describes active tip clearance control research being conducted by NASA to improve turbine engine systems. The target application for this effort is commercial aircraft engines. However, technologies developed for clearance control can benefit a broad spectrum of current and future turbomachinery. The first portion of the paper addresses the research from a programmatic viewpoint. Recent studies that provide motivation for the work, identification of key technologies, and NASA's plan for addressing deficiencies in the technologies are discussed. The later portion of the paper drills down into one of the key technologies by presenting equations and results for a preliminary dynamic model of the tip clearance phenomena.

Substance Abuse Treatment for Persons with HIV/AIDS. Treatment Improvement Protocol (TIP) Series 37.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

CDM Group, Inc.

The role of substance abuse in the transmission of HIV and AIDS is clear, and the current trend in the pandemic shows that a disproportionate number of minorities in inner cities are affected or are at risk for contracting HIV. The recommendations and guidelines in this TIP support the creation of a comprehensive, integrated system of care for…

Training in Temporal Information Processing Ameliorates Phonetic Identification.

PubMed

Szymaszek, Aneta; Dacewicz, Anna; Urban, Paulina; Szelag, Elzbieta

2018-01-01

Many studies revealed a link between temporal information processing (TIP) in a millisecond range and speech perception. Previous studies indicated a dysfunction in TIP accompanied by deficient phonemic hearing in children with specific language impairment (SLI). In this study we concentrate in SLI on phonetic identification, using the voice-onset-time (VOT) phenomenon in which TIP is built-in. VOT is crucial for speech perception, as stop consonants (like /t/ vs. /d/) may be distinguished by an acoustic difference in time between the onsets of the consonant (stop release burst) and the following vibration of vocal folds (voicing). In healthy subjects two categories (voiced and unvoiced) are determined using VOT task. The present study aimed at verifying whether children with SLI indicate a similar pattern of phonetic identification as their healthy peers and whether the intervention based on TIP results in improved performance on the VOT task. Children aged from 5 to 8 years ( n = 47) were assigned into two groups: normal children without any language disability (NC, n = 20), and children with SLI ( n = 27). In the latter group participants were randomly classified into two treatment subgroups, i.e., experimental temporal training (EG, n = 14) and control non-temporal training (CG, n = 13). The analyzed indicators of phonetic identification were: (1) the boundary location (α) determined as the VOT value corresponding to 50% voicing/unvoicing distinctions; (2) ranges of voiced/unvoiced categories; (3) the slope of identification curve (β) reflecting the identification correctness; (4) percent of voiced distinctions within the applied VOT spectrum. The results indicated similar α values and similar ranges of voiced/unvoiced categories between SLI and NC. However, β in SLI was significantly higher than that in NC. After the intervention, the significant improvement of β was observed only in EG. They achieved the level of performance comparable to that observed in NC. The training-related improvement in CG was non-significant. Furthermore, only in EG the β values in post-test correlated with measures of TIP as well as with phonemic hearing obtained in our previous studies. These findings provide another evidence that TIP is omnipresent in language communication and reflected not only in phonemic hearing but also in phonetic identification.

Using the Same Problem with Different Techniques in Programming Assignments: An Empirical Study of Its Effectiveness

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Newby, Michael; Nguyen, ThuyUyen H.

2010-01-01

This paper examines the effectiveness of a technique that first appeared as a Teaching Tip in the Journal of Information Systems Education. In this approach the same problem is used in every programming assignment within a course, but the students are required to use different programming techniques. This approach was used in an intermediate C++…

Patient Activated Care for Rural Elderly. A Program Development and Teaching Guide for Planners, Facilitators, and Coordinators.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gaarder, Lorin R.; Cohen, Saul

This guide is an outline for developing and presenting programs in self health care for senior citizens. The guide is presented in two sections. The first section provides background information about elderly self-care and tips on teaching it and developing a program. Sample letters to prospective enrollees and sample news releases are included.…

Axial compressor blade design for desensitization of aerodynamic performance and stability to tip clearance

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Erler, Engin

Tip clearance flow is the flow through the clearance between the rotor blade tip and the shroud of a turbomachine, such as compressors and turbines. This flow is driven by the pressure difference across the blade (aerodynamic loading) in the tip region and is a major source of loss in performance and aerodynamic stability in axial compressors of modern aircraft engines. An increase in tip clearance, either temporary due to differential radial expansion between the blade and the shroud during transient operation or permanent due to engine wear or manufacturing tolerances on small blades, increases tip clearance flow and results in higher fuel consumption and higher risk of engine surge. A compressor design that can reduce the sensitivity of its performance and aerodynamic stability to tip clearance increase would have a major impact on short and long-term engine performance and operating envelope. While much research has been carried out on improving nominal compressor performance, little had been done on desensitization to tip clearance increase beyond isolated observations that certain blade designs such as forward chordwise sweep, seem to be less sensitive to tip clearance size increase. The current project aims to identify through a computational study the flow features and associated mechanisms that reduces sensitivity of axial compressor rotors to tip clearance size and propose blade design strategies that can exploit these results. The methodology starts with the design of a reference conventional axial compressor rotor followed by a parametric study with variations of this reference design through modification of the camber line and of the stacking line of blade profiles along the span. It is noted that a simple desensitization method would be to reduce the aerodynamic loading of the blade tip which would reduce the tip clearance flow and its proportional contribution to performance loss. However, with the larger part of the work on the flow done in this region, this approach would entail a nominal performance penalty. Therefore, the chosen rotor design philosophy aims to keep the spanwise loading constant to avoid trading performance for desensitization. The rotor designs that resulted from this exercise are simulated in ANSYS CFX at different tip clearance sizes. The change in their performance with respect to tip clearance size (sensitivity) is compared both on an integral level in terms of pressure ratio and adiabatic efficiency, as well as on a detailed level in terms of aerodynamic losses and blockage associated with tip clearance flow. The sensitivity of aerodynamic stability is evaluated either directly through the simulations of the rotor characteristics up to the stall point (expensive in time and resources) for a few designs or indirectly through the position of the interface between the incoming and tip clearance flow with respect to the rotor leading edge plane. The latter approach is based on a generally observed stall criteria in modern axial compressors. The rotor designs are then assessed according to their sensitivity in comparison to that of the reference rotor design to detect features that can explain the trend in sensitivity to tip clearance size. These features can then be validated and the associated flow mechanisms explained through numerical simulations and modelling. Analysis of the database from the rotor parametric study shows that the observed trend in sensitivity cannot be explained by the shifting of the aerodynamic loading along the blade chord, as initially hypothesized based on the literature review. Instead, two flow features are found to reduce sensitivity of performance and stability to tip clearance, namely an increase in incoming meridional momentum in the tip region and a reduction/elimination of double leakage flow. Double leakage flow is the flow that exits the tip clearance of one blade and proceeds into the clearance of the adjacent blade rather than convecting downstream out of the local blade passage. These flow features are isolated and validated based on the reference rotor design through changes in the inlet total pressure condition to alter incoming flow momentum and blade number count to change double leakage rate. In terms of flow mechanism, double leakage is shown to be detrimental to performance and stability, and its proportional increase with tip clearance size explains the sensitivity increase in the presence of double leakage and, conversely, the desensitization effect of reducing or eliminating double leakage. The increase in incoming meridional momentum in the tip region reduces sensitivity to tip clearance through its reduction of double leakage as well as through improved mixing with tip clearance flow, as demonstrated by an analytical model without double leakage flow. The above results imply that any blade design strategy that exploits the two desensitizing flow features would reduce the performance and stability sensitivity to tip clearance size. The increase of the incoming meridional momentum can be achieved through forward chordwise sweep of the blade. The reduction of double leakage without changing blade pitch can be obtained by decreasing the blade stagger angle in the tip region. Examples of blade designs associated with these strategies are shown through CFX simulations to be successful in reducing sensitivity to tip clearance size.

What the Federal Government Owes Student Borrowers

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Combe, Paul

2009-01-01

This nation's federal student-loan system has reached a tipping point that, with the new leadership in Washington, offers a rare opportunity to create real change. To create a more consumer-focused student-loan program with both public and private capital, the Education Department, lenders, colleges in both programs, guarantors, and others should…

The Boys and Girls of Summer: Baseball Theme Programming Tips To Catch Young Readers.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kaplan, Paul

1999-01-01

Offers suggestions for library programs with a baseball theme, including tying into hobbies such as collecting baseball cards; a young peoples book discussion; trivia contests using different reference sources; letter writing to favorite players; bibliographies and displays; hosting former players; women in baseball; and the Negro Leagues. (LRW)

Back to the Basics: Practical Tips for IEP Writing

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Patti, Angela L.

2016-01-01

The individualized education program (IEP) is the foundation for the provision of special education services for a child with a disability. While special education teachers learn about IEP writing in their teacher preparation programs, it can still be difficult to translate this knowledge into practice. Therefore, when faced with the task of…

High-Ability Students' Time Spent outside the Classroom

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Makel, Matthew C.; Li, Yan; Putallaz, Martha; Wai, Jonathan

2011-01-01

This study considered how three groups of academically talented high school students--those who attended an academic summer program (TIP), those who qualified for the program but chose not to attend (QNA), and those who did not qualify (DNQ)--spent time outside the classroom. These groupings differentiated students by ability (QNA vs. DNQ) and…

Sustainable Supply Chain Management Programs in the 21st Century

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Neureuther, Brian D.; O'Neill, Kevin

2011-01-01

One of the most difficult challenges for an undergraduate supply chain management program at smaller universities is to create an environment of sustainability. Supply chain management is not at the tip of tongue for many graduating high school students and few undergraduate curriculums require a course in the content area. This research addresses…

JobTIPS: A Transition to Employment Program for Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorders

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Strickland, Dorothy C.; Coles, Claire D.; Southern, Louise B.

2013-01-01

This study evaluated the effectiveness of an internet accessed training program that included Theory of Mind-based guidance, video models, visual supports, and virtual reality practice sessions in teaching appropriate job interview skills to individuals with high functioning Autism Spectrum Disorders. In a randomized study, twenty-two youth, ages…

Robotically assisted ablation produces more rapid and greater signal attenuation than manual ablation.

PubMed

Koa-Wing, Michael; Kojodjojo, Pipin; Malcolme-Lawes, Louisa C; Salukhe, Tushar V; Linton, Nick W F; Grogan, Aaron P; Bergman, Dale; Lim, Phang Boon; Whinnett, Zachary I; McCarthy, Karen; Ho, Siew Yen; O'Neill, Mark D; Peters, Nicholas S; Davies, D Wyn; Kanagaratnam, Prapa

2009-12-01

Robotic remote catheter ablation potentially provides improved catheter-tip stability, which should improve the efficiency of radiofrequency energy delivery. Percentage reduction in electrogram peak-to-peak voltage has been used as a measure of effectiveness of ablation. We tested the hypothesis that improved catheter-tip stability of robotic ablation can diminish signals to a greater degree than manual ablation. In vivo NavX maps of 7 pig atria were constructed. Separate lines of ablation were performed robotically and manually, recording pre- and postablation peak-to-peak voltages at 10, 20, 30, and 60 seconds and calculating signal amplitude reduction. Catheter ablation settings were constant (25W, 50 degrees , 17 mL/min, 20-30 g catheter tip pressure). The pigs were sacrificed and ablation lesions correlated with NavX maps. Robotic ablation reduced signal amplitude to a greater degree than manual ablation (49 +/- 2.6% vs 29 +/- 4.5% signal reduction after 1 minute [P = 0.0002]). The mean energy delivered (223 +/- 184 J vs 231 +/- 190 J, P = 0.42), power (19 +/- 3.5 W vs 19 +/- 4 W, P = 0.84), and duration of ablation (15 +/- 9 seconds vs 15 +/- 9 seconds, P = 0.89) was the same for manual and robotic. The mean peak catheter-tip temperature was higher for robotic (45 +/- 5 degrees C vs 42 +/- 3 degrees C [P < 0.0001]). The incidence of >50% signal reduction was greater for robotic (37%) than manual (21%) ablation (P = 0.0001). Robotically assisted ablation appears to be more effective than manual ablation at signal amplitude reduction, therefore may be expected to produce improved clinical outcomes.

Development of a ROT22 - DATAMAP interface

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Shenoy, K. R.; Waak, T.; Brieger, J. T.

1986-01-01

This report (Contract NAS2-10331- Mod 10), outlines the development and validation of an interface between the three-dimensional transonic analysis program ROT22 and the Data from Aeromechanics Test and Analytics-Management and Analysis Package (DATAMAP). After development of the interface, the validation is carried out as follows. First, the DATAMAP program is used to analyze a portion of the Tip Aerodynamics and Acoustics Test (TAAT) data. Specifically, records 2872 and 2873 are analyzed at an azimuth of 90 deg, and record 2806 is analyzed at 60 deg. Trim conditions for these flight conditions are then calculated using the Bell performance prediction program ARAM45. Equivalent shaft, pitch, and twist angles are calculated from ARAM45 results and used as input to the ROT22 program. The interface uses the ROT22 results and creates DATAMAP information files from which the surface pressure contours and sectional pressure coefficients are plotted. Twist angles input to ROT22 program are then iteratively modified in the tip region until the computed pressure coefficients closely match the measurements. In all cases studied, the location of the shock is well predicted. However, the negative pressure coefficients were underpredicted. This could be accounted for by blade vortex interaction effects.

Functional results in airflow improvement using a "flip-flap" alar technique: our experience.

PubMed

Di Stadio, Arianna; Macro, Carlo

Pinched nasal point can be arising as congenital malformation or as results of unsuccessfully surgery. The nasal valve alteration due to this problem is not only an esthetic problem but also a functional one because can modify the nasal airflow. Several surgical techniques were proposed in literature, we proposed our. The purpose of the study is the evaluation of nose airway flow using our flip-flap technique for correction of pinched nasal tip. This is a retrospective study conducted on twelve patients. Tip cartilages were remodeled by means of autologous alar cartilage grafting. The patients underwent a rhinomanometry pre and post-surgery to evaluate the results, and they performed a self-survey to evaluate their degree of satisfaction in term of airflow sensation improvement. Rhinomanometry showed improved nasal air flow (range from 25% to 75%) in all patients. No significant differences were showed between unilateral and bilateral alar malformation (p=0.49). Patient's satisfaction reached the 87.5%. Our analysis on the combined results (rhinomanometry and surveys) showed that this technique leads to improvement of nasal flow in patients affected by pinched nasal tip in all cases. Copyright © 2017 Associação Brasileira de Otorrinolaringologia e Cirurgia Cérvico-Facial. Published by Elsevier Editora Ltda. All rights reserved.

Improved extrinsic polymer optical fiber sensors for gamma-ray monitoring in radioprotection applications

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

de Andrés, A. I.; Esteban, Ó.; Embid, M.

2017-08-01

Gamma radiation detection in the range of 662 keV, the reference for environmental protection, is done through extrinsic optical fiber sensors. The fluorescence rendered by an inorganic scintillator when irradiated with such gamma rays is gathered by a modified polymer optical fiber tip. This modification increases the recorded signal when compared with plain unaltered fiber. Two fiber tip modification are then compared in terms of light gathering capability. A chemically etched fiber, in which the cladding and part of the core are removed, and a tapered fiber in which the core-cladding structure is kept. Both structures are comparable in length and final diameter, and show linear response in the tested range up to 2 Gy/h air Kerma rate. The etched fiber shows a higher slope than the tapered one, although both improve the signal gathered by a plain fiber tip. The easy fabrication and handling of the reported transducers, together with the improved signal gathering, allow to reduce the overall system budget with the use of low-cost optoelectronics in the detection stage. This offers a significant improvement for surveillance systems in radioprotection applications, in which presence of gamma radiation coming out accidental leakage or spurious sources activity is the main target.

Tips for Improving Seed Planting Efficiency

Treesearch

R. Kasten Dumroese; David L. Wenny; Susan J. Morrison

2002-01-01

The efficiency of a precision seeder was improved by adding a mirror so employees could monitor seed levels and by marking seeds with brightly colored talc to quickly verify the accuracy of the machine.

Fall TIPS: strategies to promote adoption and use of a fall prevention toolkit.

PubMed

Dykes, Patricia C; Carroll, Diane L; Hurley, Ann; Gersh-Zaremski, Ronna; Kennedy, Ann; Kurowski, Jan; Tierney, Kim; Benoit, Angela; Chang, Frank; Lipsitz, Stuart; Pang, Justine; Tsurkova, Ruslana; Zuyov, Lyubov; Middleton, Blackford

2009-11-14

Patient falls are serious problems in hospitals. Risk factors for falls are well understood and nurses routinely assess for fall risk on all hospitalized patients. However, the link from nursing assessment of fall risk, to identification and communication of tailored interventions to prevent falls is yet to be established. The Fall TIPS (Tailoring Interventions for Patient Safety) Toolkit was developed to leverage existing practices and workflows and to employ information technology to improve fall prevention practices. The purpose of this paper is to describe the Fall TIPS Toolkit and to report on strategies used to drive adoption of the Toolkit in four acute care hospitals. Using the IHI "Framework for Spread" as a conceptual model, the research team describes the "spread" of the Fall TIPS Toolkit as means to integrate effective fall prevention practices into the workflow of interdisciplinary caregivers, patients and family members.

Intrauterine device for laser light diffusion and method of using the same

DOEpatents

Tadir, Yona; Berns, Michael W.; Svaasand, Lars O.; Tromberg, Bruce J.

1995-01-01

An improved device for delivery of photoenergy from a light source, such as a laser, into a uterine cavity for photodynamic therapy is comprised of a plurality of optic fibers, which are bundled together and inserted into the uterine cavity by means of a uterine cannula. The cannula is positioned within the uterine cavity at a preferred location and then withdrawn thereby allowing the plurality of optic fibers to splay or diverge one from the other within the cavity. Different portions of the distal tip of the optic fiber is provided with a light diffusing tip, the remainder being provided with a nondiffusing tip portion. The fiber optic shape, as well as the segment which is permitted to actively diffuse light through the tip, is selected in order to provide a more uniform exposure intensity of the photo energy or at least sufficient radiation directed to each segment of the uterine walls.

Intrauterine device for laser light diffusion and method of using the same

DOEpatents

Tadir, Y.; Berns, M.W.; Svaasand, L.O.; Tromberg, B.J.

1995-12-26

An improved device for delivery of photoenergy from a light source, such as a laser, into a uterine cavity for photodynamic therapy is comprised of a plurality of optic fibers, which are bundled together and inserted into the uterine cavity by means of a uterine cannula. The cannula is positioned within the uterine cavity at a preferred location and then withdrawn thereby allowing the plurality of optic fibers to splay or diverge one from the other within the cavity. Different portions of the distal tip of the optic fiber is provided with a light diffusing tip, the remainder being provided with a nondiffusing tip portion. The fiber optic shape, as well as the segment which is permitted to actively diffuse light through the tip, is selected in order to provide a more uniform exposure intensity of the photo energy or at least sufficient radiation directed to each segment of the uterine walls. 5 figs.

Enhanced female attractiveness with use of cosmetics and male tipping behavior in restaurants.

PubMed

Guéguen, Nicolas; Jacob, Celine

2011-01-01

Several studies have found that cosmetics improve female facial attractiveness when judgments are made based on photographs. However, these studies were conducted only in the laboratory, while field studies are scarce in the literature. In fact, only one study has tested the effect of cosmetics on behavior. In this study the effect of cosmetics on tipping behavior and the link between behavior and judgment on the physical attractiveness of waitresses wearing or not wearing cosmetics were tested. A female waitress with or without makeup was instructed to act in her usual way with her patrons. Results showed that the makeup condition was associated with a significant increase in the tipping behavior of male customers. It was also found that the effect of makeup on tipping behavior was mediated by the perception of the physical attractiveness of the waitress, but only when considering male customers.

An experimental evaluation of the performance deficit of an aircraft engine starter turbine

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hass, J. E.; Roelke, R. J.; Hermann, P.

1980-01-01

An experimental investigation was made to determine the reasons for the low aerodynamic performance of a 13.5 centimeter tip diameter aircraft engine starter turbine. The investigation consisted of an evaluation of both the stator and the stage. An approximate ten percent improvement in turbine efficiency was obtained when the honeycomb shroud over the rotor blade tips was filled to obtain a solid shroud surface.

Improving needle tip identification during ultrasound-guided procedures in anaesthetic practice.

PubMed

Scholten, H J; Pourtaherian, A; Mihajlovic, N; Korsten, H H M; A Bouwman, R

2017-07-01

Ultrasound guidance is becoming standard practice for needle-based interventions in anaesthetic practice, such as vascular access and peripheral nerve blocks. However, difficulties in aligning the needle and the transducer can lead to incorrect identification of the needle tip, possibly damaging structures not visible on the ultrasound screen. Additional techniques specifically developed to aid alignment of needle and probe or identification of the needle tip are now available. In this scoping review, advantages and limitations of the following categories of those solutions are presented: needle guides; alterations to needle or needle tip; three- and four-dimensional ultrasound; magnetism, electromagnetic or GPS systems; optical tracking; augmented (virtual) reality; robotic assistance; and automated (computerised) needle detection. Most evidence originates from phantom studies, case reports and series, with few randomised clinical trials. Improved first-pass success and reduced performance time are the most frequently cited benefits, whereas the need for additional and often expensive hardware is the greatest limitation to widespread adoption. Novice ultrasound users seem to benefit most and great potential lies in education. Future research should focus on reporting relevant clinical parameters to learn which technique will benefit patients most in terms of success and safety. © 2017 The Association of Anaesthetists of Great Britain and Ireland.

Simulations of Fuel Assembly and Fast-Electron Transport in Integrated Fast-Ignition Experiments on OMEGA

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Solodov, A. A.; Theobald, W.; Anderson, K. S.; Shvydky, A.; Epstein, R.; Betti, R.; Myatt, J. F.; Stoeckl, C.; Jarrott, L. C.; McGuffey, C.; Qiao, B.; Beg, F. N.; Wei, M. S.; Stephens, R. B.

2013-10-01

Integrated fast-ignition experiments on OMEGA benefit from improved performance of the OMEGA EP laser, including higher contrast, higher energy, and a smaller focus. Recent 8-keV, Cu-Kα flash radiography of cone-in-shell implosions and cone-tip breakout measurements showed good agreement with the 2-D radiation-hydrodynamic simulations using the code DRACO. DRACO simulations show that the fuel assembly can be further improved by optimizing the compression laser pulse, evacuating air from the shell, and by adjusting the material of the cone tip. This is found to delay the cone-tip breakout by ~220 ps and increase the core areal density from ~80 mg/cm2 in the current experiments to ~500 mg/cm2 at the time of the OMEGA EP beam arrival before the cone-tip breakout. Simulations using the code LSP of fast-electron transport in the recent integrated OMEGA experiments with Cu-doped shells will be presented. Cu-doping is added to probe the transport of fast electrons via their induced Cu K-shell fluorescent emission. This material is based upon work supported by the Department of Energy National Nuclear Security Administration DE-NA0001944 and the Office of Science under DE-FC02-04ER54789.

Predictability of orthodontic movement with orthodontic aligners: a retrospective study.

PubMed

Lombardo, Luca; Arreghini, Angela; Ramina, Fabio; Huanca Ghislanzoni, Luis T; Siciliani, Giuseppe

2017-11-13

The aim of this study was to evaluate the predictability of F22 aligners (Sweden & Martina, Due Carrare, Italy) in guiding teeth into the positions planned using digital orthodontic setup. Sixteen adult patients (6 males and 10 females, mean age 28 years 7 months) were selected, and a total of 345 teeth were analysed. Pre-treatment, ideal post-treatment-as planned on digital setup-and real post-treatment models were analysed using VAM software (Vectra, Canfield Scientific, Fairfield, NJ, USA). Prescribed and real rotation, mesiodistal tip and vestibulolingual tip were calculated for each tooth and, subsequently, analysed by tooth type (right and left upper and lower incisors, canines, premolars and molars) to identify the mean error and accuracy of each type of movement achieved with the aligner with respect to those planned using the setup. The mean predictability of movements achieved using F22 aligners was 73.6%. Mesiodistal tipping showed the most predictability, at 82.5% with respect to the ideal; this was followed by vestibulolingual tipping (72.9%) and finally rotation (66.8%). In particular, mesiodistal tip on the upper molars and lower premolars were achieved with the most predictability (93.4 and 96.7%, respectively), while rotation on the lower canines was the least efficaciously achieved (54.2%). Without the use of auxiliaries, orthodontic aligners are unable to achieve programmed movement with 100% predictability. In particular, although tipping movements were efficaciously achieved, especially at the molars and premolars, rotation of the lower canines was an extremely unpredictable movement.

Informed Purchasing Can Stretch Short Dollars.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Miller, John B.; Miller, Kathryn Madera

1979-01-01

Provides purchasing tips for programs on a tight budget. Topics include writing specifications for the merchandise needed, finding and developing sources (vendors), receiving and analyzing bids, writing purchase orders, and receiving merchandise. (CM)

First Aid Tips

MedlinePlus

... is to “conduct and support research, training, health information dissemination, and other programs with respect to blinding eye ... Media Policies and Other Important Links NEI Employee Emergency Information NEI Intranet (Employees Only) *PDF files require ...

Wth Basic Art Materials

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Herberholz, Barbara

2010-01-01

In this article, the author presents a checklist of basic materials for two-dimensional activities that are necessary for an elementary-school art program. She also provides a few tips on how to use them.

Distributed collaborative probabilistic design for turbine blade-tip radial running clearance using support vector machine of regression

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Fei, Cheng-Wei; Bai, Guang-Chen

2014-12-01

To improve the computational precision and efficiency of probabilistic design for mechanical dynamic assembly like the blade-tip radial running clearance (BTRRC) of gas turbine, a distribution collaborative probabilistic design method-based support vector machine of regression (SR)(called as DCSRM) is proposed by integrating distribution collaborative response surface method and support vector machine regression model. The mathematical model of DCSRM is established and the probabilistic design idea of DCSRM is introduced. The dynamic assembly probabilistic design of aeroengine high-pressure turbine (HPT) BTRRC is accomplished to verify the proposed DCSRM. The analysis results reveal that the optimal static blade-tip clearance of HPT is gained for designing BTRRC, and improving the performance and reliability of aeroengine. The comparison of methods shows that the DCSRM has high computational accuracy and high computational efficiency in BTRRC probabilistic analysis. The present research offers an effective way for the reliability design of mechanical dynamic assembly and enriches mechanical reliability theory and method.

Occupant Protection during Orion Crew Exploration Vehicle Landings

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Gernhardt, Michael L.; Jones, J. A.; Granderson, B. K.; Somers, J. T.

2009-01-01

The constellation program is evaluating current vehicle design capabilities for nominal water landings and contingency land landings of the Orion Crew Exploration vehicle. The Orion Landing Strategy tiger team was formed to lead the technical effort for which associated activities include the current vehicle design, susceptibility to roll control and tip over, reviewing methods for assessing occupant injury during ascent / aborts /landings, developing an alternate seat/attenuation design solution which improves occupant protection and operability, and testing the seat/attenuation system designs to ensure valid results. The EVA physiology, systems and Performance (EPSP) project is leading the effort under the authority of the Tiger Team Steering committee to develop, verify, validate and accredit biodynamics models using a variety of crash and injury databases including NASCAR, Indy Car and military aircraft. The validated biodynamics models will be used by the Constellation program to evaluate a variety of vehicle, seat and restraint designs in the context of multiple nominal and off-nominal landing scenarios. The models will be used in conjunction with Acceptable Injury Risk definitions to provide new occupant protection requirements for the Constellation Program.

Acoustic testing of a supersonic tip speed fan with acoustic treatment and rotor casting slots. Quiet engine program scale model fan C

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Kazin, S. B.

1973-01-01

Acoustic tests were conducted on a high tip speed (1550 ft/sec, 472.44 m/sec) single stage fan with varying amounts of wall acoustic treatment and with circumferential slots over the rotor blade tips. The slots were also tested with acoustic treatment placed behind the slots. The wall treatment results show that the inlet treatment is more effective at high fan speeds and aft duct treatment is more effective at low fan speeds. Maximum PNL's on a 200-foot (60.96 m) sideline show the untreated slots to have increased the rear radiated noise at approach. However, when the treatment was added to the slots inlet radiated noise was decreased, resulting in little change relative to the solid casing on an EPNL basis.

Exhaust emission reduction for intermittent combustion aircraft engines

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Moffett, R. N.

1979-01-01

Three concepts for optimizing the performance, increasing the fuel economy, and reducing exhaust emission of the piston aircraft engine were investigated. High energy-multiple spark discharge and spark plug tip penetration, ultrasonic fuel vaporization, and variable valve timing were evaluated individually. Ultrasonic fuel vaporization did not demonstrate sufficient improvement in distribution to offset the performance loss caused by the additional manifold restriction. High energy ignition and revised spark plug tip location provided no change in performance or emissions. Variable valve timing provided some performance benefit; however, even greater performance improvement was obtained through induction system tuning which could be accomplished with far less complexity.

JT90 Ceramic Outer Air Seal System Refinement Program, Phase 2

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Shiembob, L. T.

1982-01-01

The sprayed ceramic gas turbine outer air seal system was tested in two JT9D engines to substantiate the abradability and durability of the seals. Of particular significance was that one of the tests, a 150 hour 1000 cycle endurance program at nominal JT9D operating conditions, was completed with minimal effect on the seals and received Federal Aviation Administration cognizance with respect to potential field service use by the airlines. The other engine test completed 1825 endurance cycles at severe operating conditions and no burn through or other serious defects in the structural integrity of a seal segment was observed. These test results combined with other Pratt and Whitney Aircraft engine tests substantiate the potential of the ceramic outer air seal system to attain the durability goal of 50000 hour engine operating capability. Both engine tests subjected the seals to intentional blade rubs and demonstrated good abradability with volume wear ratios greater than 100, far exceeding the design goal of 10. The improved volume wear ratio will allow the turbine tip clearance to be reduced, thereby resulting in an estimated thrust specific fuel consumption improvement of 0.3 percent.

Upgrades of Two Computer Codes for Analysis of Turbomachinery

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Chima, Rodrick V.; Liou, Meng-Sing

2005-01-01

Major upgrades have been made in two of the programs reported in "ive Computer Codes for Analysis of Turbomachinery". The affected programs are: Swift -- a code for three-dimensional (3D) multiblock analysis; and TCGRID, which generates a 3D grid used with Swift. Originally utilizing only a central-differencing scheme for numerical solution, Swift was augmented by addition of two upwind schemes that give greater accuracy but take more computing time. Other improvements in Swift include addition of a shear-stress-transport turbulence model for better prediction of adverse pressure gradients, addition of an H-grid capability for flexibility in modeling flows in pumps and ducts, and modification to enable simultaneous modeling of hub and tip clearances. Improvements in TCGRID include modifications to enable generation of grids for more complicated flow paths and addition of an option to generate grids compatible with the ADPAC code used at NASA and in industry. For both codes, new test cases were developed and documentation was updated. Both codes were converted to Fortran 90, with dynamic memory allocation. Both codes were also modified for ease of use in both UNIX and Windows operating systems.

Spindt cold cathode electron gun development program

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Spindt, C. A.

1983-01-01

A thin film field emission cathode array and an electron gun based on this emitter array are summarized. Fabricating state of the art cathodes for testing at NASA and NRL, advancing the fabrication technology, developing wedge shaped emitters, and performing emission tests are covered. An anistropic dry etching process (reactive ion beam etching) developed that leads to increasing the packing density of the emitter tips to about 5 x 10 to the 6th power/square cm. Tests with small arrays of emitter tips having about 10 tips has demonstrated current densities of over 100 A/sq cm. Several times using cathodes having a packing density of 1.25 x 10 to the 6th power tips/sq cm. Indications are that the higher packing density achievable with the dry etch process may extend this capability to the 500 A/sq cm range and beyond. The wedge emitter geometry was developed and shown to produce emission. This geometry can (in principle) extend the current density capability of the cathodes beyond the 500 A/sq cm level. An emission microscope was built and tested for use with the cathodes.

Point contact tunneling spectroscopy apparatus for large scale mapping of surface superconducting properties

DOE PAGES

Groll, Nickolas; Pellin, Michael J.; Zasadzinksi, John F.; ...

2015-09-18

In this paper, we describe the design and testing of a point contact tunneling spectroscopy device that can measure material surface superconducting properties (i.e., the superconducting gap Δ and the critical temperature T C) and density of states over large surface areas with size up to mm 2. The tip lateral (X,Y) motion, mounted on a (X,Y,Z) piezo-stage, was calibrated on a patterned substrate consisting of Nb lines sputtered on a gold film using both normal (Al) and superconducting (PbSn) tips at 1.5 K. The tip vertical (Z) motion control enables some adjustment of the tip-sample junction resistance that canmore » be measured over 7 orders of magnitudes from a quasi-ohmic regime (few hundred Ω) to the tunnel regime (from tens of kΩ up to few GΩ). The low noise electronic and LabVIEW program interface are also presented. Finally, the point contact regime and the large-scale motion capabilities are of particular interest for mapping and testing the superconducting properties of macroscopic scale superconductor-based devices.« less

PhenoTips: patient phenotyping software for clinical and research use.

PubMed

Girdea, Marta; Dumitriu, Sergiu; Fiume, Marc; Bowdin, Sarah; Boycott, Kym M; Chénier, Sébastien; Chitayat, David; Faghfoury, Hanna; Meyn, M Stephen; Ray, Peter N; So, Joyce; Stavropoulos, Dimitri J; Brudno, Michael

2013-08-01

We have developed PhenoTips: open source software for collecting and analyzing phenotypic information for patients with genetic disorders. Our software combines an easy-to-use interface, compatible with any device that runs a Web browser, with a standardized database back end. The PhenoTips' user interface closely mirrors clinician workflows so as to facilitate the recording of observations made during the patient encounter. Collected data include demographics, medical history, family history, physical and laboratory measurements, physical findings, and additional notes. Phenotypic information is represented using the Human Phenotype Ontology; however, the complexity of the ontology is hidden behind a user interface, which combines simple selection of common phenotypes with error-tolerant, predictive search of the entire ontology. PhenoTips supports accurate diagnosis by analyzing the entered data, then suggesting additional clinical investigations and providing Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM) links to likely disorders. By collecting, classifying, and analyzing phenotypic information during the patient encounter, PhenoTips allows for streamlining of clinic workflow, efficient data entry, improved diagnosis, standardization of collected patient phenotypes, and sharing of anonymized patient phenotype data for the study of rare disorders. Our source code and a demo version of PhenoTips are available at http://phenotips.org. © 2013 WILEY PERIODICALS, INC.

Fusion of electromagnetic trackers to improve needle deflection estimation: simulation study.

PubMed

Sadjadi, Hossein; Hashtrudi-Zaad, Keyvan; Fichtinger, Gabor

2013-10-01

We present a needle deflection estimation method to anticipate needle bending during insertion into deformable tissue. Using limited additional sensory information, our approach reduces the estimation error caused by uncertainties inherent in the conventional needle deflection estimation methods. We use Kalman filters to combine a kinematic needle deflection model with the position measurements of the base and the tip of the needle taken by electromagnetic (EM) trackers. One EM tracker is installed on the needle base and estimates the needle tip position indirectly using the kinematic needle deflection model. Another EM tracker is installed on the needle tip and estimates the needle tip position through direct, but noisy measurements. Kalman filters are then employed to fuse these two estimates in real time and provide a reliable estimate of the needle tip position, with reduced variance in the estimation error. We implemented this method to compensate for needle deflection during simulated needle insertions and performed sensitivity analysis for various conditions. At an insertion depth of 150 mm, we observed needle tip estimation error reductions in the range of 28% (from 1.8 to 1.3 mm) to 74% (from 4.8 to 1.2 mm), which demonstrates the effectiveness of our method, offering a clinically practical solution.

Ultrathin MoS2 and WS2 layers on silver nano-tips as electron emitters

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Loh, Tamie A. J.; Tanemura, Masaki; Chua, Daniel H. C.

2016-09-01

2-dimensional (2D) inorganic analogues of graphene such as MoS2 and WS2 present interesting opportunities for field emission technology due to their high aspect ratio and good electrical conductivity. However, research on 2D MoS2 and WS2 as potential field emitters remains largely undeveloped compared to graphene. Herein, we present an approach to directly fabricate ultrathin MoS2 and WS2 onto Ag nano-tips using pulsed laser deposition at low temperatures of 450-500 °C. In addition to providing a layer of chemical and mechanical protection for the Ag nano-tips, the growth of ultrathin MoS2 and WS2 layers on Ag led to enhanced emission properties over that of pristine nano-tips due to a reduction of the effective barrier height arising from charge injection from Ag to the overlying MoS2 or WS2. For WS2 on Ag nano-tips, the phasic mixture was also an important factor influencing the field emission performance. The presence of 1T-WS2 at the metal-WS2 interface in a hybrid film of 2H/1T-WS2 leads to improvement in the field emission capabilities as compared to pure 2H-WS2 on Ag nano-tips.

An Osmotic Model of the Growing Pollen Tube

PubMed Central

Hill, Adrian E.; Shachar-Hill, Bruria; Skepper, Jeremy N.; Powell, Janet; Shachar-Hill, Yair

2012-01-01

Pollen tube growth is central to the sexual reproduction of plants and is a longstanding model for cellular tip growth. For rapid tip growth, cell wall deposition and hardening must balance the rate of osmotic water uptake, and this involves the control of turgor pressure. Pressure contributes directly to both the driving force for water entry and tip expansion causing thinning of wall material. Understanding tip growth requires an analysis of the coordination of these processes and their regulation. Here we develop a quantitative physiological model which includes water entry by osmosis, the incorporation of cell wall material and the spreading of that material as a film at the tip. Parameters of the model have been determined from the literature and from measurements, by light, confocal and electron microscopy, together with results from experiments made on dye entry and plasmolysis in Lilium longiflorum. The model yields values of variables such as osmotic and turgor pressure, growth rates and wall thickness. The model and its predictive capacity were tested by comparing programmed simulations with experimental observations following perturbations of the growth medium. The model explains the role of turgor pressure and its observed constancy during oscillations; the stability of wall thickness under different conditions, without which the cell would burst; and some surprising properties such as the need for restricting osmotic permeability to a constant area near the tip, which was experimentally confirmed. To achieve both constancy of pressure and wall thickness under the range of conditions observed in steady-state growth the model reveals the need for a sensor that detects the driving potential for water entry and controls the deposition rate of wall material at the tip. PMID:22615784

A Reduced Model for Prediction of Thermal and Rotational Effects on Turbine Tip Clearance

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Kypuros, Javier A.; Melcher, Kevin J.

2003-01-01

This paper describes a dynamic model that was developed to predict changes in turbine tip clearance the radial distance between the end of a turbine blade and the abradable tip seal. The clearance is estimated by using a first principles approach to model the thermal and mechanical effects of engine operating conditions on the turbine sub-components. These effects are summed to determine the resulting clearance. The model is demonstrated via a ground idle to maximum power transient and a lapse-rate takeoff transient. Results show the model demonstrates the expected pinch point behavior. The paper concludes by identifying knowledge gaps and suggesting additional research to improve the model.

Top Ten Tips for Dealing with a Picky Eater

MedlinePlus

... a Healthy Heart Healthy Kids Our Kids Programs Childhood Obesity What is childhood obesity? Overweight in Children BMI in Children Is Childhood Obesity an Issue in Your Home? Addressing your Child's ...

Safety Tips.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Nagel, Miriam C., Ed.

1984-01-01

Outlines a cooperative effort in Iowa to eliminate dangerous or unwanted chemicals from school science storerooms. Also reviews the Council of State Science Supervisor's safety program and discusses how to prevent cuts and punctures from jagged glass tubing. (JN)

Medicines for ADHD

MedlinePlus

... stomach. DO NOT reduce your dose to save money. If you are having problems paying for medicine, talk with your provider. There may be programs that provide medicines for free or at a lower cost. SAFETY TIPS FOR ...

January 2018 Cancer Epidemiology Matters E-News | EGRP/DCCPS/NCI/NIH

Cancer.gov

January 2018 issue of Cancer Epidemiology Matters E-News, published by NCI’s Epidemiology and Genomics Research Program, featuring grantee research highlights, revision and publishing tips, upcoming events, and more.

Surgeon-authored Virtual Laparoscopic Adrenalectomy Module is Judged Effective and Preferred over Traditional Teaching Tools

PubMed Central

Kurenov, Sergei; Cendan, Juan; Dindar, Sahel; Attwood, Kristopher; Hassett, James; Nawotniak, Ruth; Cherr, Gregory; Cance, William G.; Peters, Jörg

2018-01-01

Objective The study assesses user acceptance and effectiveness of a surgeon-authored virtual reality training module authored by surgeons using the Toolkit for Illustration Procedures in Surgery (TIPS). Methods Laparoscopic adrenalectomy was selected to test the TIPS framework on an unusual and complex procedure. No commercial simulation module exists to teach this procedure. A specialist surgeon authored the module, including force-feedback interactive simulation and designed a quiz to test knowledge of the key procedural steps. Five practicing surgeons with 15 to 24 years of experience peer-reviewed and tested the module. Fourteen residents and nine fellows trained with the module and answered the quiz, pre-use and post-use. Participants received an overview during Surgical Grand Rounds session and a 20-minute one- on-one tutorial followed by a 30 minute of instruction in addition to a force-feedback interactive simulation session. Additionally, in answering questionnaires, the trainees reflected on their learning experience and their experience with the TIPS framework. Results Correct quiz response rates on procedural steps improved significantly post-use over pre-use. In the questionnaire, 96% of the respondents stated that the TIPS module prepares them well or very well for the adrenalectomy, and 87% indicated that the module successfully teaches the steps of the procedure. All subjects indicated that they preferred the module compare to training using purely physical props, one-on-one teaching, medical atlases, and video recordings. Conclusions Improved quiz scores and endorsement by the participants of the TIPS adrenalectomy module establish the viability of surgeons authoring virtual reality training. PMID:27758896

Selected winglet and mixed flow long duct nacelle development for DC-10 derivative aircraft

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Taylor, A. B.

1980-01-01

The high speed cruise drag effects of the installation of winglets and a wing tip extension and a mixed flow long duct nacelle are investigated. The winglet program utilized a 4.7 percent semispan model in an eight foot transonic wind tunnel. Winglets provided approximately twice the cruise drag reduction of wing tip extensions for about the same increase in bending moment at the wing-fuselage juncture. The long duct nacelle interference drag program utilized the same model, without the winglets, in the 11 foot transonic wind tunnel. The long duct nacelle, installed in the same position as the current short duct nacelle and with the current production symmetric pylon, was a relatively low risk installation. A pylon with an addition small rearward fairing was also tested and showed some drag reduction potential over the current pylon.

Web-based tailored intervention for preparation of parents and children for outpatient surgery (WebTIPS): development.

PubMed

Kain, Zeev N; Fortier, Michelle A; Chorney, Jill MacLaren; Mayes, Linda

2015-04-01

As a result of cost-containment efforts, preparation programs for outpatient surgery are currently not available to the majority of children and parents. The recent dramatic growth in the Internet presents a unique opportunity to transform how children and their parents are prepared for surgery. In this article, we describe the development of a Web-based Tailored Intervention for Preparation of parents and children undergoing Surgery (WebTIPS). A multidisciplinary taskforce agreed that a Web-based tailored intervention consisting of intake, matrix, and output modules was the preferred approach. Next, the content of the various intake variables, the matrix logic, and the output content was developed. The output product has a parent component and a child component and is described in http://surgerywebtips.com/about.php. The child component makes use of preparation strategies such as information provision, modeling, play, and coping skills training. The parent component of WebTIPS includes strategies such as information provision, coping skills training, and relaxation and distraction techniques. A reputable animation and Web design company developed a secured Web-based product based on the above description. In this article, we describe the development of a Web-based tailored preoperative preparation program that can be accessed by children and parents multiple times before and after surgery. A follow-up article in this issue of Anesthesia & Analgesia describes formative evaluation and preliminary efficacy testing of this Web-based tailored preoperative preparation program.

Quiet engine program flight engine design study

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Klapproth, J. F.; Neitzel, R. E.; Seeley, C. T.

1974-01-01

The results are presented of a preliminary flight engine design study based on the Quiet Engine Program high-bypass, low-noise turbofan engines. Engine configurations, weight, noise characteristics, and performance over a range of flight conditions typical of a subsonic transport aircraft were considered. High and low tip speed engines in various acoustically treated nacelle configurations were included.

TIPS: Crime Resistance Strategies, 2. Teaching Individuals Protective Strategies, Teaching Individuals Positive Solutions.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bass, Martha; And Others

This curriculum guide is the second-grade component of a teacher-developed K-eighth grade program on crime resistance. Major objectives of the program are to help teachers promote and maintain positive student attitudes and behavior, assist students in meeting their responsibilities, and help students insure their own and other people's safety and…

TIPS: Crime Resistance Strategies, 1. Teaching Individuals Protective Strategies, Teaching Individuals Positive Solutions.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bass, Martha; And Others

This document is the first-grade component of a K-eighth grade program on crime resistance. Major objectives of the program are to help teachers develop and implement a curriculum which promotes and maintains positive student attitudes and behavior, assists students in meeting their responsibilities, and helps students insure their own and other…

TIPS: Crime Resistance Strategies, 3. Teaching Individuals Protective Strategies, Teaching Individuals Positive Solutions.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bass, Martha; And Others

Emphasis in this third-grade component of a teacher-developed K-eighth grade program on crime resistance is on responsibility for personal behavior. Major objectives of the program are to help teachers promote and maintain positive student attitudes and behavior, assist students in meeting their responsibilities, and help students insure their own…

Building Villages To Raise Our Children: Funding and Resources. Guides to Comprehensive Family Support Services.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Fay, Juliette; And Others

This guide, Part 2 of a 6-volume guide, is designed to assist program managers in maintaining comprehensive family-support programs through creative funding. It stresses building a portfolio of resources to serve the families within the communities. It also examines the general principles of financing strategy, potential funding sources, tips on…

Real Jobs for Real People. An Employer's Guide to Youth Apprenticeship.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Byrne, Sandra; And Others

Based on the experience of the National Alliance of Business' youth apprenticeship program (the Quality Connection Consortium), this guide offers practical advice on how employers can begin a youth apprenticeship program that will serve their labor needs. It addresses the internal support that a business must generate and gives tips on choosing an…

Tips for the PR Chairman for Education Associations. PR Bookshelf No. 2.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

National Education Association, Washington, DC.

This booklet is intended to aid leaders of local education associations in developing a continuing public relations (PR) program aimed at establishing and maintaining a favorable public image for teachers. Although it offers useful guidelines for developing a PR program, the booklet does not contain lists of specific things to do. Instead, it…

Preventing Death by PowerPoint[R]: Tips for Effective Presentations that Inform and Engage

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Donohue, Chip

2009-01-01

PowerPoint[R] and other familiar presentation graphics programs like Apple[R] Keynote, Corel[R] Presentations[TM], Harvard Graphics[R] Pro Presentations, Lotus[R] Freelance Graphics, and OpenOffice Impress can help one become a more effective presenter. These programs are designed to organize words and images to create slides, speaker notes, and…

An investigation of rotor tip leakage flows in the rear-block of a multistage compressor

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Brossman, John Richard

An effective method to improve gas turbine propulsive efficiency is to increase the bypass ratio. With fan diameter reaching a practical limit, increases in bypass ratio can be obtained from reduced core engine size. Decreasing the engine core, results in small, high pressure compressor blading, and large relative tip clearances. At general rule of 1% reduction in compressor efficiency with a 1% increase in tip clearance, a 0.66% change in SFC indicates the entire engine is sensitive to high pressure compressor tip leakage flows. Therefore, further investigations and understanding of the rotor tip leakage flows can help to improve gas turbine engine efficiency. The objectives of this research were to investigate tip leakage flows through computational modeling, examine the baseline experimental steady-stage performance, and acquire unsteady static pressure, over-the rotor to observe the tip leakage flow structure. While tip leakage flows have been investigated in the past, there have been no facilities capable of matching engine representative Reynolds number and Mach number while maintaining blade row interactions, presenting a unique and original flow field to investigate at the Purdue 3-stage axial compressor facility. To aid the design of experimental hardware and determine the influence of clearance geometry on compressor performance, a computational model of the Purdue 3-stage compressor was investigated using a steady RANS CFD analysis. A cropped rotor and casing recess design was investigated to increase the rotor tip clearance. While there were small performance differences between the geometries, the tip leakage flow field was found independent of the design therefore designing future experimental hardware around a casing recess is valid. The largest clearance with flow margin past the design point was 4% tip clearance based on the computational model. The Purdue 3-stage axial compressor facility was rebuilt and setup for high quality, detailed flow measurements during this investigation. A detailed investigation and sensitivity analysis of the inlet flow field found the influence by the inlet total temperature profile was important to performance calculations. This finding was significant and original as previous investigations have been conducted on low-speed machines where there is minimal temperature rise. The steady state performance of the baseline 1.5% tip clearance case was outlined at design speed and three off-design speeds. The leakage flow from the rear seal, the inlet flow field and a thermal boundary condition over the casing was recorded at each operating point. Stage 1 was found to be the limiting stage independent of speed. Few datasets exist on multistage compressor performance with full boundary condition definitions, especially with off-design operating points presenting this as a unique dataset for CFD comparison. The detailed unsteady pressure measurements were conducted over Rotor 1 at design and a near-stall operating condition to characterize the leakage trajectory and position. The leakage flow initial point closer to the leading edge and trajectory angle increased at the higher loading condition. The over-the-rotor static pressure field on Rotor 1 indicated similar trends between the computational model and the leakage trajectory.

Intravascular US-Guided Portal Vein Access: Improved Procedural Metrics during TIPS Creation.

PubMed

Gipson, Matthew G; Smith, Mitchell T; Durham, Janette D; Brown, Anthony; Johnson, Thor; Ray, Charles E; Gupta, Rajan K; Kondo, Kimi L; Rochon, Paul J; Ryu, Robert K

2016-08-01

To evaluate transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) outcomes and procedure metrics with the use of three different image guidance techniques for portal vein (PV) access during TIPS creation. A retrospective review of consecutive patients who underwent TIPS procedures for a range of indications during a 28-month study period identified a population of 68 patients. This was stratified by PV access techniques: fluoroscopic guidance with or without portography (n = 26), PV marker wire guidance (n = 18), or intravascular ultrasound (US) guidance (n = 24). Procedural outcomes and procedural metrics, including radiation exposure, contrast agent volume used, procedure duration, and PV access time, were analyzed. No differences in demographic or procedural characteristics were found among the three groups. Technical success, technical success of the primary planned approach, hemodynamic success, portosystemic gradient, and procedure-related complications were not significantly different among groups. Fluoroscopy time (P = .003), air kerma (P = .01), contrast agent volume (P = .003), and total procedural time (P = .02) were reduced with intravascular US guidance compared with fluoroscopic guidance. Fluoroscopy time (P = .01) and contrast agent volume (P = .02) were reduced with intravascular US guidance compared with marker wire guidance. Intravascular US guidance of PV access during TIPS creation not only facilitates successful TIPS creation in patients with challenging anatomy, as suggested by previous investigations, but also reduces important procedure metrics including radiation exposure, contrast agent volume, and overall procedure duration compared with fluoroscopically guided TIPS creation. Copyright © 2016 SIR. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Osteoconduction of impacted porous titanium particles with a calcium-phosphate coating is comparable to osteoconduction of impacted allograft bone particles: in vivo study in a nonloaded goat model.

PubMed

Walschot, Lucas H B; Aquarius, René; Schreurs, Barend W; Verdonschot, Nico; Buma, Pieter

2012-08-01

Impaction grafting restores bone defects in hip arthroplasty. Defects are reconstructed with bone particles (BoP) as substitute materials with adequate mechanical and biological properties are not yet available. Ceramic particles (CeP) have mechanical drawbacks as opposed to porous titanium particles (TiP). In this in vivo study, bone ingrowth and bone volume in coated and noncoated TiP were compared to porous biphasic calcium-phospate CeP and allograft BoP. Coatings consisted of silicated calcium-phosphate and carbonated apatite. Materials were implanted in goats and impacted in cylindrical defects (diameter 8 mm) in the cancellous bone of the femur. On the basis of fluorochrome labeling and histology, bone ingrowth distance was measured at 4, 8, and 12 weeks. Cross-sectional bone area was measured at 12 weeks. TiP created a coherent matrix of entangled particles. CeP pulverized and were noncoherent. Bone ingrowth in TiP improved significantly by the coatings to levels comparable to BoP and CeP. Cross-sectional bone area was smaller in CeP and TiP compared to BoP. The osteoconductive properties of impacted TiP with a calcium-phosphate coating are comparable to impacted allograft bone and impacted biphasic ceramics. A more realistic loaded in vivo study should prove that coated TiP is an attractive alternative to allograft bone. Copyright © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Strong, Ductile Rotor For Cryogenic Flowmeters

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Royals, W. T.

1993-01-01

Improved magnetic flowmeter rotor resists cracking at cryogenic temperatures, yet provides adequate signal to magnetic pickup outside flowmeter housing. Consists mostly of stainless-steel alloy 347, which is ductile and strong at low temperatures. Small bead of stainless-steel alloy 410 welded in groove around circumference of round bar of stainless-steel alloy 347; then rotor machined from bar. Tips of rotor blades contain small amounts of magnetic alloy, and passage of tips detected.

The Effect of Unsteady Wakes on Turbine Tip Gap Leakage

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-05-10

low speed wind tunnel. The turbine blade shape for the experiment was the GE E 3 high pressure turbine stage 1 blade (Halila et al. 1982). The E 3...DATES COVERED (From - To) 4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE 5a. CONTRACT NUMBER The Effect of Unsteady Wakes on Turbine Tip Gap Leakage...Gas turbines are found in military and civilian aircraft, ships, and power plants. Because of this widespread use, relatively small improvements

Moving an Evidence-Based Policy Agenda Forward: Leadership Tips From the Field.

PubMed

Garrett, Teresa

2018-05-01

Advancing evidence-based policy change is a leadership challenge that nurses should embrace. Key tips to ensure that evidence-based policy changes are successful at the individual, community, and population levels are offered to help nurses through the change process. The public trust in the nursing profession is a leverage point that should be used to advance the use of evidence, expedite change, and improve health for students and across communities.

Make the Most of Play - Tips for Kids to Get Active

MedlinePlus

... a Healthy Heart Healthy Kids Our Kids Programs Childhood Obesity What is childhood obesity? Overweight in Children BMI in Children Is Childhood Obesity an Issue in Your Home? Addressing your Child's ...

Tip Sheets

Science.gov Websites

United States Census Bureau Topics Population Latest Information Age and Sex Ancestry Children Mobility Population Estimates Population Projections Race Veterans Economy Latest Information Portal Other Economic Programs Business Latest Information Business Characteristics Classification Codes

SmokefreeMOM

Cancer.gov

SmokefreeMOM is a mobile text messaging program that provides 24/7 tips, advice, and encouragement to help pregnant women quit smoking. If you would like to sign up for SmokefreeMOM complete this form and click “Subscribe.”

Characteristics of a multilayer one-touch-point ultrasonic motor for high torque

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jeong, Seong-Su; Park, Tae-Gone; Park, Jong-Kyu

2013-04-01

In this paper, a one-touch-point ultrasonic motor is proposed. Fabricating the stator is easy because of its simple structure and the use of a punching technique. Also, a thin stator is advantageous to use in tight spaces. A thin metal plate was used as a V-shaped stator and two to the upper and two to the lower ceramic plates were attached to the upper and the lower surfaces respectively of the metal plate. When two sinusoidal sources with a phase difference of 90 degrees were applied to the stator, an elliptical displacement was generated at contact tip of the stator. Modeling of the ultrasonic motor was done and the displacement characteristics were defined by using a finite element analysis program (ATILA). To improve the speed and the torque of the ultrasonic motor, we analyzed the effects of the leg angle and the number of ceramic layers. In addition, a model with large x-axis and y-axis displacements was fabricated, and the speed and the torque were measured under various conditions. The elliptical motion of the contact tip of the stator was consistently obtained at the resonance frequency. The maximum speed and torque were obtained by using maximum elliptical displacement model. The speed and the torque increased linearly with increasing voltage.

Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt Dysfunction: Concordance of Clinical Findings, Doppler Ultrasound Examination, and Shunt Venography.

PubMed

Owen, Joshua M; Gaba, Ron Charles

2016-01-01

The objective of this study was to evaluate the concordance between clinical symptoms, Doppler ultrasound (US), and shunt venography for the detection of stent-graft transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) dysfunction. Forty-one patients (M:F 30:11, median age 55 years) who underwent contemporaneous clinical exam, Doppler US, and TIPS venography between 2003 and 2014 were retrospectively studied. Clinical symptoms (recurrent ascites or variceal bleeding) were dichotomously classified as present/absent, and US and TIPS venograms were categorized in a binary fashion as normal/abnormal. US abnormalities included high/low (>190 or <90 cm/s) TIPS velocity, significant velocity rise/fall (>50 cm/s), absent flow, and return of antegrade intra-hepatic portal flow. Venographic abnormalities included shunt stenosis/occlusion and/or pressure gradient elevation. Clinical and imaging concordance rates were calculated. Fifty-two corresponding US examinations and venograms were assessed. The median time between studies was 3 days. Forty of 52 (77%) patients were symptomatic, 33/52 (64%) US examinations were abnormal, and 20/52 (38%) TIPS venograms were abnormal. Concordance between clinical symptoms and TIPS venography was 48% (25/52), while the agreement between US and shunt venography was 65% (34/52). Clinical symptoms and the US concurred in 60% (31/52) of the patients. The sensitivity of clinical symptoms and US for the detection of venographically abnormal shunts was 80% (16/20) and 85% (17/20), respectively. Both clinical symptoms and the US had low specificity (25%, 8/32 and 50%, 16/32) for venographically abnormal shunts. Clinical findings and the US had low concordance rates with TIPS venography, with acceptable sensitivity but poor specificity. These findings suggest the need for improved noninvasive imaging methods for stent-graft TIPS surveillance.

Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt Dysfunction: Concordance of Clinical Findings, Doppler Ultrasound Examination, and Shunt Venography

PubMed Central

Owen, Joshua M; Gaba, Ron Charles

2016-01-01

Objectives: The objective of this study was to evaluate the concordance between clinical symptoms, Doppler ultrasound (US), and shunt venography for the detection of stent-graft transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) dysfunction. Materials and Methods: Forty-one patients (M:F 30:11, median age 55 years) who underwent contemporaneous clinical exam, Doppler US, and TIPS venography between 2003 and 2014 were retrospectively studied. Clinical symptoms (recurrent ascites or variceal bleeding) were dichotomously classified as present/absent, and US and TIPS venograms were categorized in a binary fashion as normal/abnormal. US abnormalities included high/low (>190 or <90 cm/s) TIPS velocity, significant velocity rise/fall (>50 cm/s), absent flow, and return of antegrade intra-hepatic portal flow. Venographic abnormalities included shunt stenosis/occlusion and/or pressure gradient elevation. Clinical and imaging concordance rates were calculated. Results: Fifty-two corresponding US examinations and venograms were assessed. The median time between studies was 3 days. Forty of 52 (77%) patients were symptomatic, 33/52 (64%) US examinations were abnormal, and 20/52 (38%) TIPS venograms were abnormal. Concordance between clinical symptoms and TIPS venography was 48% (25/52), while the agreement between US and shunt venography was 65% (34/52). Clinical symptoms and the US concurred in 60% (31/52) of the patients. The sensitivity of clinical symptoms and US for the detection of venographically abnormal shunts was 80% (16/20) and 85% (17/20), respectively. Both clinical symptoms and the US had low specificity (25%, 8/32 and 50%, 16/32) for venographically abnormal shunts. Conclusion: Clinical findings and the US had low concordance rates with TIPS venography, with acceptable sensitivity but poor specificity. These findings suggest the need for improved noninvasive imaging methods for stent-graft TIPS surveillance. PMID:27563495

Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt Flow Reduction with Adjustable Polytetrafluoroethylene-Covered Balloon-Expandable Stents Using the “Sheath Control” Technique

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Blue, Robert C., E-mail: Robert.c.blue@gmail.com; Lo, Grace C.; Kim, Edward

PurposeA complication of transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunts (TIPS) placement is refractory portosystemic encephalopathy (PSE) often requiring TIPS reduction. We report the results of a “sheath control technique” utilizing constraining sheaths during deployment of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)-covered balloon-expandable stents, minimizing stent migration, and providing additional procedural control.MethodsTIPS reduction was performed in 10 consecutive patients for PSE using Atrium iCast covered stents (Atrium Maquet Getinge Group, Germany). Within the indwelling TIPS stent, a 9 mm × 59 mm iCast stent was deployed with 2 cm exposed from the sheath’s distal end and the majority of the stent within the sheath to create the distal hourglass shape. During balloonmore » retraction, the stent was buttressed by the sheath. The proximal portion of the stent was angioplastied to complete the hourglass configuration, and the central portion of the stent was dilated to 5 mm. Demographics, pre- and post-procedure laboratory values, and outcomes were recorded.ResultsTen patients underwent TIPS reduction with 100 % technical success. There was no stent migration during stent deployment. All patients experienced initial improvement of encephalopathy. One patient ultimately required complete TIPS occlusion for refractory PSE, and another developed TIPS occlusion 36 days post-procedure. There was no significant trend toward change in patients’ MELD scores immediately post-procedure or at 30 days (p = 0.46, p = 0.47, respectively).ConclusionTIPS reduction using Atrium iCast PTFE balloon-expandable stents using the “sheath control technique” is safe and effective, and minimizes the risk of stent migration.« less

Performance of post-processing algorithms for rainfall intensity using measurements from tipping-bucket rain gauges

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Stagnaro, Mattia; Colli, Matteo; Lanza, Luca Giovanni; Chan, Pak Wai

2016-11-01

Eight rainfall events recorded from May to September 2013 at Hong Kong International Airport (HKIA) have been selected to investigate the performance of post-processing algorithms used to calculate the rainfall intensity (RI) from tipping-bucket rain gauges (TBRGs). We assumed a drop-counter catching-type gauge as a working reference and compared rainfall intensity measurements with two calibrated TBRGs operated at a time resolution of 1 min. The two TBRGs differ in their internal mechanics, one being a traditional single-layer dual-bucket assembly, while the other has two layers of buckets. The drop-counter gauge operates at a time resolution of 10 s, while the time of tipping is recorded for the two TBRGs. The post-processing algorithms employed for the two TBRGs are based on the assumption that the tip volume is uniformly distributed over the inter-tip period. A series of data of an ideal TBRG is reconstructed using the virtual time of tipping derived from the drop-counter data. From the comparison between the ideal gauge and the measurements from the two real TBRGs, the performances of different post-processing and correction algorithms are statistically evaluated over the set of recorded rain events. The improvement obtained by adopting the inter-tip time algorithm in the calculation of the RI is confirmed. However, by comparing the performance of the real and ideal TBRGs, the beneficial effect of the inter-tip algorithm is shown to be relevant for the mid-low range (6-50 mmh-1) of rainfall intensity values (where the sampling errors prevail), while its role vanishes with increasing RI in the range where the mechanical errors prevail.

Improved Process for Fabricating Carbon Nanotube Probes

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Stevens, R.; Nguyen, C.; Cassell, A.; Delzeit, L.; Meyyappan, M.; Han, Jie

2003-01-01

An improved process has been developed for the efficient fabrication of carbon nanotube probes for use in atomic-force microscopes (AFMs) and nanomanipulators. Relative to prior nanotube tip production processes, this process offers advantages in alignment of the nanotube on the cantilever and stability of the nanotube's attachment. A procedure has also been developed at Ames that effectively sharpens the multiwalled nanotube, which improves the resolution of the multiwalled nanotube probes and, combined with the greater stability of multiwalled nanotube probes, increases the effective resolution of these probes, making them comparable in resolution to single-walled carbon nanotube probes. The robust attachment derived from this improved fabrication method and the natural strength and resiliency of the nanotube itself produces an AFM probe with an extremely long imaging lifetime. In a longevity test, a nanotube tip imaged a silicon nitride surface for 15 hours without measurable loss of resolution. In contrast, the resolution of conventional silicon probes noticeably begins to degrade within minutes. These carbon nanotube probes have many possible applications in the semiconductor industry, particularly as devices are approaching the nanometer scale and new atomic layer deposition techniques necessitate a higher resolution characterization technique. Previously at Ames, the use of nanotube probes has been demonstrated for imaging photoresist patterns with high aspect ratio. In addition, these tips have been used to analyze Mars simulant dust grains, extremophile protein crystals, and DNA structure.

Results of the flight noise measurement program using a standard and modified SH-3A helicopter

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Pegg, R. J.; Henderson, H. R.; Hilton, D. A.

1973-01-01

A field noise measurement program has been conducted using both a standard SH-3A helicopter and an SH-3A helicopter modified to reduce external noise levels. Modifications included reducing rotor speed, increasing the number of rotor blades, modifying the blade-tip shapes, and acoustically treating the engine air intakes and exhaust. The purpose of this study was to document the noise characteristics recorded on the ground of each helicopter during flyby, hover, landing, and take-off operations. Based on an analysis of the measured results, the average of the overhead, overall, ontrack noise levels was approximately 4 db lower for the modified helicopter than for the standard helicopter. The improved in-flight noise characteristics, and associated small footprint areas and time durations, were judged to be mainly due to tail-rotor noise reductions. The noise reductions were obtained at the expense of required power increases at airspeeds greater than 70 knots for the modified helicopter.

Focus groups with working parents of school-aged children: what's needed to improve family meals?

PubMed

Fulkerson, Jayne A; Kubik, Martha Y; Rydell, Sarah; Boutelle, Kerri N; Garwick, Ann; Story, Mary; Neumark-Sztainer, Dianne; Dudovitz, Bonnie

2011-01-01

To conduct focus groups to identify parents' perceptions of barriers to family meals and elucidate ideas to guide the development of interventions to overcome barriers. Focus groups were conducted with a convenience sample of 27 working parents in urban community settings. Parents reported enjoying the sharing/bonding at meals, but they reported limited time for meal preparation and frequent multi-tasking at mealtime. They wanted their children's help with meal preparation, but they were concerned about the time and "mess" involved. They were frustrated with the limited range of food items their children would eat. Preferred program ideas included feeding tips/recipes, meal planning/preparation, and changing food offerings. Findings indicate a need for creative programs and professional nutrition guidance to facilitate family engagement in planning and cooking quick, healthful meals; development of skill building; and increasing healthful food consumption. Copyright © 2011 Society for Nutrition Education. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

High ventricular lead impedance of a DDD pacemaker after cranial magnetic resonance imaging.

PubMed

Baser, Kazim; Guray, Umit; Durukan, Mine; Demirkan, Burcu

2012-09-01

Management of electromagnetic interference in the form of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in patients with pacemakers (PMs) may be challenging. Serious consequences, especially in PM-dependent patients, may be encountered. Changes in device programming, asynchronous pacing, heating of the lead tip(s), and increased thresholds or even device dislocation may be experienced. We report of a patient with a DDD PM who underwent an emergent MRI, after which there was an increase in ventricular impedance as well as increased cardiac biomarkers. ©2011, The Authors. Journal compilation ©2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Enhanced superconductivity at the interface of W/Sr2RuO4 point contact

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wei, Jian; Wang, He; Lou, Weijian; Luo, Jiawei; Liu, Ying; Ortmann, J. E.; Mao, Z. Q.

Differential resistance measurements are conducted for point contacts (PCs) between the Sr2RuO4 (SRO) single crystal and the tungsten tip. Since the tungsten tip is hard enough to penetrate through the surface layer, consistent superconducting features are observed. Firstly, with the tip pushed towards the crystal, the zero bias conductance peak (ZBCP) due to Andreev reflection at the normal-superconducting interface increases from 3% to more than 20%, much larger than previously reported, and extends to temperature higher than the bulk transition temperature. Reproducible ZBCP within 0.2 mV may also help determine the gap value of SRO, on which no consensus has been reached. Secondly, the logarithmic background can be fitted with the Altshuler-Aronov theory of electron-electron interaction for tunneling into quasi two dimensional electron system. Feasibility of such fitting confirms that spectroscopic information like density of states is probed, and electronic temperature retrieved from such fitting can be important to analyse the PC spectra. Third, at bias much higher than 0.2 mV there are conductance dips due to the critical current effect and these dips persist up to 6.2 K. For more details see. National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program) through Grant No. 2011CBA00106 and No. 2012CB927400.

Community Involvement in Law Education: Human Resources in Carroll County, Maryland. Law-Related Education Program for the Schools of Maryland.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Vetter, Donald P.; Vigliotti, Mark A.

Community resources, learning activities, teaching tips, field trip suggestions, and other sources available in Carroll County, Maryland, for use by K-12 teachers in developing, planning, and implementing citizenship education programs in the social studies classroom are provided. The first chapter examines procedures to be followed by teachers…

Nine Tips for Creating an Effective Extended School Year Program for Students with Disabilities

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Sobeck, Emily Eyrolles

2017-01-01

Extended school year (ESY) is a summer program available for students with disabilities who meet specific qualifying criteria. Teachers are often hesitant to accept the position of the ESY teacher due to the ambiguities and demands of the position. The purpose of this article is to briefly share the impetus and focus of ESY and give special…

TIPS from PIP: Primary Intervention Program for At-Risk Students.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Allen, Jackie M.; Rogers, Carolyn

It is estimated that, on average, three out of ten school (or as high as seven out of ten) children experience some type of school adjustment problem. This paper outlines a program designed for children who have mild school adjustment difficulties in the early grades (K-3) and who are at risk of more serious difficulties as they become older. This…

Expression and inhibition of aquaporins in germinating Arabidopsis seeds.

PubMed

Vander Willigen, Clare; Postaire, Olivier; Tournaire-Roux, Colette; Boursiac, Yann; Maurel, Christophe

2006-09-01

Extensive and kinetically well-defined water exchanges occur during germination of seeds. A putative role for aquaporins in this process was investigated in Arabidopsis. Macro-arrays carrying aquaporin gene-specific tags and antibodies raised against aquaporin subclasses revealed two distinct aquaporin expression programs between dry seeds and young seedlings. High expression levels of a restricted number of tonoplast intrinsic protein (TIP) isoforms (TIP3;1 and/or TIP3;2, and TIP5;1) together with a low expression of all 13 plasma membrane aquaporin (PIP) isoforms was observed in dry and germinating materials. In contrast, prevalent expression of aquaporins of the TIP1, TIP2 and PIP subgroups was induced during seedling establishment. Mercury (5 microM HgCl(2)), a general blocker of aquaporins in various organisms, reduced the speed of seed germination and induced a true delay in maternal seed coat (testa) rupture and radicle emergence, by 8-9 and 25-30 h, respectively. Most importantly, mercury did not alter seed lot homogeneity nor the seed germination developmental sequence, and its effects were largely reversed by addition of 2 mM dithiothreitol, suggesting that these effects were primarily due to oxidation of cell components, possibly aquaporins, without irreversible alteration of cell integrity. Measurements of water uptake in control and mercury-treated seeds suggested that aquaporin functions are not involved in early seed imbibition (phase I) but would rather be associated with a delayed initiation of phase III, i.e. water uptake accompanying expansion and growth of the embryo. A possible role for aquaporins in germinating seeds and more generally in plant tissue growth is discussed.

An improved method for chromosome counting in maize.

PubMed

Kato, A

1997-09-01

An improved method for counting chromosomes in maize (Zea mays L.) is presented. Application of cold treatment (5C, 24 hr), heat treatment (42 C, 5 min) and a second cold treatment (5C, 24 hr) to root tips before fixation increased the number of condensed and dispersed countable metaphase chromosome figures. Fixed root tips were prepared by the enzymatic maceration-air drying method and preparations were stained with acetic orcein. Under favorable conditions, one preparation with 50-100 countable chromosome figures could be obtained in diploid maize using this method. Conditions affecting the dispersion of the chromosomes are described. This technique is especially useful for determining the somatic chromosome number in triploid and tetraploid maize lines.

An on-line calibration technique for improved blade by blade tip clearance measurement

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sheard, A. G.; Westerman, G. C.; Killeen, B.

A description of a capacitance-based tip clearance measurement system which integrates a novel technique for calibrating the capacitance probe in situ is presented. The on-line calibration system allows the capacitance probe to be calibrated immediately prior to use, providing substantial operational advantages and maximizing measurement accuracy. The possible error sources when it is used in service are considered, and laboratory studies of performance to ascertain their magnitude are discussed. The 1.2-mm diameter FM capacitance probe is demonstrated to be insensitive to variations in blade tip thickness from 1.25 to 1.45 mm. Over typical compressor blading the probe's range was four times the variation in blade to blade clearance encountered in engine run components.

Turbine blade cooling

DOEpatents

Staub, F.W.; Willett, F.T.

1999-07-20

A turbine rotor blade comprises a shank portion, a tip portion and an airfoil. The airfoil has a pressure side wall and a suction side wall that are interconnected by a plurality of partition sidewalls, defining an internal cooling passageway within the airfoil. The internal cooling passageway includes at least one radial outflow passageway to direct a cooling medium flow from the shank portion towards the tip portion and at least one radial inflow passageway to direct a cooling medium flow from the tip portion towards the shank portion. A number of mixing ribs are disposed on the partition sidewalls within the radial outflow passageways so as to enhance the thermal mixing of the cooling medium flow, thereby producing improved heat transfer over a broad range of the Buoyancy number. 13 figs.

Rules of engagement-12 tips for successful use of "clickers" in the classroom.

PubMed

Premkumar, Kalyani; Coupal, Cyril

2008-01-01

Student response system or clickers is an electronic application where a receiver in the instructor's computer captures responses to questions from student keypads. Used effectively, clickers can promote learner engagement and serve to improve learning. It can be used in a variety of ways such as to provide feedback to learners and instructor, to start discussions, for peer evaluation, for formative and summative assessment, to build a learning community, and to experiment on human responses. Using our experience in the use of this technology and literature review, we provide twelve tips for successful use of the student response system. We have found these strategies useful and envisage that the application of these tips can help maximize learner engagement and learning.

In-Process Atomic-Force Microscopy (AFM) Based Inspection

PubMed Central

Mekid, Samir

2017-01-01

A new in-process atomic-force microscopy (AFM) based inspection is presented for nanolithography to compensate for any deviation such as instantaneous degradation of the lithography probe tip. Traditional method used the AFM probes for lithography work and retract to inspect the obtained feature but this practice degrades the probe tip shape and hence, affects the measurement quality. This paper suggests a second dedicated lithography probe that is positioned back-to-back to the AFM probe under two synchronized controllers to correct any deviation in the process compared to specifications. This method shows that the quality improvement of the nanomachining, in progress probe tip wear, and better understanding of nanomachining. The system is hosted in a recently developed nanomanipulator for educational and research purposes. PMID:28561747

Turbine blade cooling

DOEpatents

Staub, Fred Wolf; Willett, Fred Thomas

1999-07-20

A turbine rotor blade comprises a shank portion, a tip portion and an airfoil. The airfoil has a pressure side wall and a suction side wall that are interconnected by a plurality of partition sidewalls, defining an internal cooling passageway within the airfoil. The internal cooling passageway includes at least one radial outflow passageway to direct a cooling medium flow from the shank portion towards the tip portion and at least one radial inflow passageway to direct a cooling medium flow from the tip portion towards the shank portion. A number of mixing ribs are disposed on the partition sidewalls within the radial outflow passageways so as to enhance the thermal mixing of the cooling medium flow, thereby producing improved heat transfer over a broad range of the Buoyancy number.

Turbine blade cooling

DOEpatents

Staub, Fred Wolf; Willett, Fred Thomas

2000-01-01

A turbine rotor blade comprises a shank portion, a tip portion and an airfoil. The airfoil has a pressure side wall and a suction side wall that are interconnected by a plurality of partition sidewalls, defining an internal cooling passageway within the airfoil. The internal cooling passageway includes at least one radial outflow passageway to direct a cooling medium flow from the shank portion towards the tip portion and at least one radial inflow passageway to direct a cooling medium flow from the tip portion towards the shank portion. A number of mixing ribs are disposed on the partition sidewalls within the radial outflow passageways so as to enhance the thermal mixing of the cooling medium flow, thereby producing improved heat transfer over a broad range of the Buoyancy number.

Effect of In Situ Annealing Treatment on the Mobility and Morphology of TIPS-Pentacene-Based Organic Field-Effect Transistors.

PubMed

Yang, Fuqiang; Wang, Xiaolin; Fan, Huidong; Tang, Ying; Yang, Jianjun; Yu, Junsheng

2017-08-23

In this work, organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) with a bottom gate top contact structure were fabricated by using a spray-coating method, and the influence of in situ annealing treatment on the OFET performance was investigated. Compared to the conventional post-annealing method, the field-effect mobility of OFET with 60 °C in situ annealing treatment was enhanced nearly four times from 0.056 to 0.191 cm 2 /Vs. The surface morphologies and the crystallization of TIPS-pentacene films were characterized by optical microscope, atomic force microscope, and X-ray diffraction. We found that the increased mobility was mainly attributed to the improved crystallization and highly ordered TIPS-pentacene molecules.

Effect of In Situ Annealing Treatment on the Mobility and Morphology of TIPS-Pentacene-Based Organic Field-Effect Transistors

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yang, Fuqiang; Wang, Xiaolin; Fan, Huidong; Tang, Ying; Yang, Jianjun; Yu, Junsheng

2017-08-01

In this work, organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) with a bottom gate top contact structure were fabricated by using a spray-coating method, and the influence of in situ annealing treatment on the OFET performance was investigated. Compared to the conventional post-annealing method, the field-effect mobility of OFET with 60 °C in situ annealing treatment was enhanced nearly four times from 0.056 to 0.191 cm2/Vs. The surface morphologies and the crystallization of TIPS-pentacene films were characterized by optical microscope, atomic force microscope, and X-ray diffraction. We found that the increased mobility was mainly attributed to the improved crystallization and highly ordered TIPS-pentacene molecules.