Nuclear criticality safety calculational analysis for small-diameter containers

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

LeTellier, M.S.; Smallwood, D.J.; Henkel, J.A.

This report documents calculations performed to establish a technical basis for the nuclear criticality safety of favorable geometry containers, sometimes referred to as 5-inch containers, in use at the Portsmouth Gaseous Diffusion Plant. A list of containers currently used in the plant is shown in Table 1.0-1. These containers are currently used throughout the plant with no mass limits. The use of containers with geometries or material types other than those addressed in this evaluation must be bounded by this analysis or have an additional analysis performed. The following five basic container geometries were modeled and bound all container geometriesmore » in Table 1.0-1: (1) 4.32-inch-diameter by 50-inch-high polyethylene bottle; (2) 5.0-inch-diameter by 24-inch-high polyethylene bottle; (3) 5.25-inch-diameter by 24-inch-high steel can ({open_quotes}F-can{close_quotes}); (4) 5.25-inch-diameter by 15-inch-high steel can ({open_quotes}Z-can{close_quotes}); and (5) 5.0-inch-diameter by 9-inch-high polybottle ({open_quotes}CO-4{close_quotes}). Each container type is evaluated using five basic reflection and interaction models that include single containers and multiple containers in normal and in credible abnormal conditions. The uranium materials evaluated are UO{sub 2}F{sub 2}+H{sub 2}O and UF{sub 4}+oil materials at 100% and 10% enrichments and U{sub 3}O{sub 8}, and H{sub 2}O at 100% enrichment. The design basis safe criticality limit for the Portsmouth facility is k{sub eff} + 2{sigma} < 0.95. The KENO study results may be used as the basis for evaluating general use of these containers in the plant.« less

78 FR 36179 - Carlsbad Municipal Water District; Notice of Application Accepted for Filing and Soliciting...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-06-17

... conditions, and prescriptions. k. Deadline for filing responsive documents: Due to the small size of the... proposed 80-foot-long, 16-inch-diameter intake pipe; (3) a proposed 18- foot by 18-foot powerhouse..., 50-foot discharge pipe, connecting to existing 42-inch diameter and 10- inch diameter pipes conveying...

77 FR 73649 - Dominion Transmission Inc.; Notice of Availability of the Environmental Assessment for the...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-12-11

...-inch-diameter pipeline (TL-610-Extension 1), associated with a new valve at DTI's existing Elk Run Gate...-inch-diameter pipeline (TL-614) in Potter County, Pennsylvania; Installation of about 900 feet of new 24-inch-diameter pipeline (TL-615) and a new meter station in Greene County, Pennsylvania; Upgrades...

76 FR 19349 - Dominion Transmission, Inc.; Notice of Availability of the Environmental Assessment for the...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-04-07

... Project includes the following facilities: Pipeline Facilities the 5.3 miles, 20-inch-diameter TL-570, EXT... Greene County, Pennsylvania; the 42.3 mile 30-inch-diameter TL-590 pipeline in Marshall and Greene...; the 0.3 mile, 16-inch-diameter TL-598 pipeline in Harrison County, West Virginia; the 0.4 mile, 16...

High-Subsonic Performance Characteristics and Boundary-Layer Investigations of a 12 deg 10-Inch-Inlet-Diameter Conical Diffuser

DTIC Science & Technology

1950-05-11

available condition supersonic flow was obtained as far as K.5 inches downstream from the diffueer inlet with a maximum Mach number of M % 1.5...Boundary—layer total-pressure measurements were made with the rake shown in figure k. The tubes varied in size from 0.030-Inch outside diameter...at the wall to 0.050—inch outside diameter farther out. A static-pressure tube was mounted on the rake to measure static pressures at the same

OPERATION SUNBEAM, SHOT SMALL BOY. Project Officer’s Report. Project 2.9. Fallout Collection and Gross Sample Analysis

DTIC Science & Technology

1985-09-01

concepts for large scale radiological defense operations. 2. 212 CP 2 PR0c J 2.1 PLAJWU This project participated in the single shotp A Boy, fired on a...inch diameter by 3 inch high NaI scintilla- tion counter taking sample tubes up to 1-1/4 inches in diameter. -The crystal was mounted on an W type...inch high Nal scin- tillation counter. The crystal -source distance was 8-3/4 inches. Shielding consisted of a lead cylinder 2 inches thick, 7 inches

Extrusion of small-diameter, thin-wall tungsten tubing

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Blankenship, C. P.; Gyorgak, C. A.

1967-01-01

Small-diameter, thin-wall seamless tubing of tungsten has been fabricated in lengths of up to 10 feet by hot extrusion over a floating mandrel. Extrusion of 0.50-inch-diameter tubing over 0.4-inch-diameter mandrels was accomplished at temperatures ranging from 3000 degrees to 4000 degrees F.

62 percent of pine lumbar is cut from 10-inch or smaller logs in the Central Piedmont of South Carolina

Treesearch

William H.B. Haines

1953-01-01

Pine logs as small as 5 inches in diameter inside bark and trees 6 inches in diameter breast high are utilized for saw timber in the South Carolina Piedmont. More lumber is sawed from 8-inch logs than from any other size, while 12- and 14-inch trees provide nearly 50 percent of the board-foot volume cut. The bar graphs are based on measurements of 1,029 logs at 25...

49 CFR 238.429 - Safety appliances.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

...-inch diameter steel pipe, 5/8-inch thickness steel, or a material of equal or greater mechanical strength. (2) All safety appliances shall be securely fastened to the car body structure with mechanical fasteners that have mechanical strength greater than or equal to that of a 1/2-inch diameter SAE grade steel...

49 CFR 238.429 - Safety appliances.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

...-inch diameter steel pipe, 5/8-inch thickness steel, or a material of equal or greater mechanical strength. (2) All safety appliances shall be securely fastened to the car body structure with mechanical fasteners that have mechanical strength greater than or equal to that of a 1/2-inch diameter SAE grade steel...

Stand Development 25 Years after a 9.0-inch Diameter-Limit First Cutting In Appalachian Hardwoods

Treesearch

H. Clay Smith; N. I. Lamson

1977-01-01

This report is a case history of stand development 25 years after a 9.0-inch diameter-limit cutting in a primarily second growth 40- to 45-year-old Appalachian hardwood stand. Some old residual trees from the early 1900 logging era were scattered throughout the stand. In 1950, a 9.0-inch diameter-limit cutting removed 8,650 board feet per acre and reduced the basal...

Lessons Learned from the Front - Operation Enduring Freedom

DTIC Science & Technology

2009-04-01

inch by 8-inch columns, we spliced and laminated five 16-foot lengths of 2-inch by 8-inch lumber, using designated nail and bolt patterns. We...the security and timely arrival of their equipment and materials. If a request were submitted for ten 40-foot, flatbed local national trucks, only

Acoustic fill factors for a 120 inch diameter fairing

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Lee, Y. Albert

1992-01-01

Data from the acoustic test of a 120-inch diameter payload fairing were collected and an analysis of acoustic fill factors were performed. Correction factors for obtaining a weighted spatial average of the interior sound pressure level (SPL) were derived based on this database and a normalized 200-inch diameter fairing database. The weighted fill factors were determined and compared with statistical energy analysis (VAPEPS code) derived fill factors. The comparison is found to be reasonable.

7 CFR 52.1845 - Sizes of seedless raisins.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... percent, by weight, of all the raisins will pass through round perforations 22/64-inch in diameter, but not more than 10 percent, by weight, of all the raisins may pass through round perforations 20/64-inch... will pass through round perforations 24/64-inch in diameter, and not less than 70 percent, by weight...

7 CFR 52.1845 - Sizes of seedless raisins.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... percent, by weight, of all the raisins will pass through round perforations 22/64-inch in diameter, but not more than 10 percent, by weight, of all the raisins may pass through round perforations 20/64-inch... will pass through round perforations 24/64-inch in diameter, and not less than 70 percent, by weight...

7 CFR 51.2952 - Size specifications.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 12 percent, by count, pass through a round opening 96/64 inches in diameter; (b) Jumbo size. Jumbo size means walnuts of which not over 12 percent, by count, pass through a round opening 80/64 inches in... round opening 77/64 inches in diameter; except that for walnuts of the Eureka variety and type, such...

7 CFR 51.2952 - Size specifications.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 12 percent, by count, pass through a round opening 96/64 inches in diameter; (b) Jumbo size. Jumbo size means walnuts of which not over 12 percent, by count, pass through a round opening 80/64 inches in... round opening 77/64 inches in diameter; except that for walnuts of the Eureka variety and type, such...

7 CFR 51.2952 - Size specifications.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... a round opening 96/64 inches in diameter; (b) Jumbo size. Jumbo size means walnuts of which not over 12 percent, by count, pass through a round opening 80/64 inches in diameter; (c) Large size. Large size means walnuts of which not over 12 percent, by count, pass through a round opening 77/64 inches in...

Temperature compensated sleeve type mirror mount

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1973-01-01

The primary mirror of a large (26-inch diameter aperture) solar telescope was made of glass ceramic and designed with an integral hub on the back of the center of the mirror. This permits heat from the mirror to radiate off its back to a nearby cold plate. To permit mounting without high stresses, the hub was ground down to a smooth cylindrical surface 3.5 inch in diameter. The ground surface was then acid-etched to remove 0.007 inch (on the diameter) by immersion for five minutes in a mixture of four parts 92% sulfuric acid and three parts 50% hydrofluoric acid. The acid etching removes microcracks from the ground Cer-Vit surface. An Invar sleeve was fabricated to fit over the hub with about 0.010 inch radial (0.020 inch diametral) clearance.

Orthopedic stretcher with average-sized person can pass through 18-inch opening

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Lothschuetz, F. X.

1966-01-01

Modified Robinson stretcher for vertical lifting and carrying, will pass through an opening 18 inches in diameter, while containing a person of average height and weight. A subject 6 feet tall and weighing 200 pounds was lowered and raised out of an 18 inch diameter opening in a tank to test the stretcher.

24 CFR 3285.605 - Fuel supply system.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... designed for a pressure that is at least 7 inches of water column [4oz./in.2 or 0.25 psi] and not more than 14 inches of water column [8 oz./in.2 or 0.5 psi]. If gas from any supply source exceeds, or could... connector quick-disconnect. (c) Testing procedures. The gas system must be inspected and tested for leaks...

7 CFR 51.1221 - Damage.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... defect, shall be considered as damage: (a) Bacterial spot, when cracked, or when aggregating more than 3/8 inch in diameter; (b) Scab spots, when cracked, or when aggregating more than 3/8 inch in diameter... diameter; (f) Split pit, when causing any unhealed crack, or when causing any crack which is readily...

7 CFR 51.1532 - Damage.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

...) When an indentation exceeds three-sixteenths inch in diameter; (c) Growth cracks: (1) When not healed... bacterial spot when cracked, or when the aggregate area exceeds that of a circle one-fourth inch in diameter...

7 CFR 51.1532 - Damage.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

...) When an indentation exceeds three-sixteenths inch in diameter; (c) Growth cracks: (1) When not healed... bacterial spot when cracked, or when the aggregate area exceeds that of a circle one-fourth inch in diameter...

7 CFR 51.1532 - Damage.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

...) When an indentation exceeds three-sixteenths inch in diameter; (c) Growth cracks: (1) When not healed... bacterial spot when cracked, or when the aggregate area exceeds that of a circle one-fourth inch in diameter...

Boron epoxy rocket motor case program

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Stang, D. A.

1971-01-01

Three 28-inch-diameter solid rocket motor cases were fabricated using 1/8 inch wide boron/epoxy tape. The cases had unequal end closures (4-1/8-inch-diameter forward flanges and 13-inch-diameter aft flanges) and metal attachment skirts. The flanges and skirts were titanium 6Al-4V alloy. The original design for the first case was patterned after the requirements of the Applications Technology Satellite apogee kick motor. The second and third cases were designed and fabricated to approximate the requirements of a small Applications Technology Satellite apogee kick motor. The program demonstrated the feasibility of designing and fabricating large-scale filament-wound solid propellant rocket motor cases with boron/epoxy tape.

Flow fields of low pressure vent exhausts

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Scialdone, John J.

1989-01-01

The flow field produced by low pressure gas vents are described based on experimental data obtained from tests in a large vacuum chamber. The gas density, pressure, and flux at any location in the flow field are calculated based on the vent plume description and the knowledge of the flow rate and velocity of the venting gas. The same parameters and the column densities along a specified line of sight traversing the plume are also obtained and shown by a computer-generated graphical representation. The fields obtained with a radially scanning Pitot probe within the exhausting gas are described by a power of the cosine function, the mass rate and the distance from the exit port. The field measurements were made for gas at pressures ranging from 2 to 50 torr venting from pipe fittings with diameters of 3/16 inch to 1-1/2 inches I.D. (4.76 mm to 38.1 mm). The N(2) mass flow rates ranged from 2E-4 to 3.7E-1 g/s.

Growth of lodgepole pine stands and its relation to mountain pine beetle susceptibility

Treesearch

S.A. Mata; J.M. Schmid; W.K. Olsen

2003-01-01

Periodic diameter and basal area growth were determined for partially cut stands of lodgepole pine at five locations over approximately 10 year periods. After cutting, average diameters in the partially cut plots generally increased by 0.8 inches or more, while average diameter in the uncut controls increased by 0.6 inches or less. Diameter growth in the partially cut...

One-step internal-tin Nb/sub 3/Sn superconductor fabrication. Final report, June 1983-August 1984

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Marancik, W.

1985-03-01

The object of this research is to demonstrate the feasibility of producing a Nb/sub 3/Sn superconductor in a single extrusion process with a large number of filaments with internal tin. The technique chosen uses .010'-diameter Nb and tin-plated Cu wires formed into a solenoid. The solenoid is covered with tin-plated copper foil and isostatically compacted to a pressure of 17,000 psi. The solenoid is slit along its length. This results in a ribbon about 40 inches long by about 5-inches wide, with the Nb wires running across the 5-inch-width. The ribbon is then rolled up (Jelly Roll) around a 0.5more » inch diameter Ta covered copper rod to produce a composite of about 1.5 inches in diameter by 5 inches long. The composite geometry is now a cylindrical bundle of 0.010-inch-diameter Nb wire separated from each other by tin-plated copper. Each Nb wire is aligned with the axis of cylinder. The cylinder is slid into a Ta-lined copper extrusion can which is evacuated and sealed. The can is extruded at a low temperature and drawn to final wire size without intermediate annealing. The advantage of the process is that it is an internal tin process with the tin uniformly distributed through the matrix. The Nb is in a relatively soft state having been fully annealed at 0.020-inch diameter. Only one extrusion is required since the bundling technique allows a large number of wires to be precisely aligned and spaced in the matrix.« less

29 CFR 1926.57 - Ventilation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... shall be cleaned up promptly. Aisles and walkways shall be kept clear of steel shot or similar abrasive... not more than one forty-eighth of their diameter for those up to, and including, 20 inches (50.8 cm) in diameter, and not more than one-sixtieth of their diameter for those larger than 20 inches (50.8...

7 CFR 51.1222 - Serious damage.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

...) Bacterial spot, when any cracks are not well healed, or when aggregating more than 3/4 inch in diameter; (b..., when aggregating more than 1/2 inch in diameter; (d) Growth cracks, when unhealed, or more than 1/2...

7 CFR 51.1222 - Serious damage.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

...) Bacterial spot, when any cracks are not well healed, or when aggregating more than 3/4 inch in diameter; (b..., when aggregating more than 1/2 inch in diameter; (d) Growth cracks, when unhealed, or more than 1/2...

7 CFR 51.2932 - Damage.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... apparent. (e) Scab spots when cracked or aggregating more than three-eighths inch (9.5 mm) in diameter. (f... scattered and aggregating more than one-fourth inch (6.3 mm) in diameter. (g) Hail when the skin has been...

7 CFR 51.2932 - Damage.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... apparent. (e) Scab spots when cracked or aggregating more than three-eighths inch (9.5 mm) in diameter. (f... scattered and aggregating more than one-fourth inch (6.3 mm) in diameter. (g) Hail when the skin has been...

7 CFR 51.2932 - Damage.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... apparent. (e) Scab spots when cracked or aggregating more than three-eighths inch (9.5 mm) in diameter. (f... scattered and aggregating more than one-fourth inch (6.3 mm) in diameter. (g) Hail when the skin has been...

50 CFR 648.144 - Gear restrictions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

...) Untreated hemp, jute, or cotton string of 3/16 inches (4.8 mm) diameter or smaller; or (ii) Magnesium alloy... following degradable materials: (A) Untreated hemp, jute, or cotton string of 3/16 inches (4.8 mm) diameter...

Automatic Fastening Large Structures: a New Approach

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Lumley, D. F.

1985-01-01

The external tank (ET) intertank structure for the space shuttle, a 27.5 ft diameter 22.5 ft long externally stiffened mechanically fastened skin-stringer-frame structure, was a labor intensitive manual structure built on a modified Saturn tooling position. A new approach was developed based on half-section subassemblies. The heart of this manufacturing approach will be 33 ft high vertical automatic riveting system with a 28 ft rotary positioner coming on-line in mid 1985. The Automatic Riveting System incorporates many of the latest automatic riveting technologies. Key features include: vertical columns with two sets of independently operating CNC drill-riveting heads; capability of drill, insert and upset any one piece fastener up to 3/8 inch diameter including slugs without displacing the workpiece offset bucking ram with programmable rotation and deep retraction; vision system for automatic parts program re-synchronization and part edge margin control; and an automatic rivet selection/handling system.

33 CFR 334.78 - Rhode Island Sound, Atlantic Ocean, approximately 4.0 nautical miles due south of Lands End in...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... will consist of six inert drill mines each 16 inches in diameter and 5 feet long and one concrete sonar target 48 inches in diameter and 48 inches high located within the designated area. The sonar target will... sonar. Neither variable depth sonar devices or mechanical minesweeping operations will be utilized in...

Development of an ultra-compact CsI/HgI{sub 2} gamma-ray scintillation spectrometer

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Patt, B.E.; Wang, Y.J.; Iwanczyk, J.S.

A novel new semiconductor photodetector has been developed which utilizes large mercuric iodide photodetectors coupled to highly optimized CsI(T1) scintillators for gamma ray spectroscopy. With this new detector technology the authors have achieved energy resolution superior to that of any other scintillation detector. Furthermore, gamma probes based on the new HgI{sub 2}/CsI(Tl) detector can be highly miniaturized offering improved portability. A {1/2}-inch diameter HgI{sub 2} photodetector coupled with a {1/2}-inch diameter by {1/2}-inch high right-rectangular scintillator produced energy resolution of 4.58% FWHM for {sup 137}Cs (662 keV). This is perhaps the best result ever reported for room temperature scintillation spectroscopy.more » Evaluation of a prototype device with similar performance has been conducted at Los Alamos using Pu and U standard samples. Recently, Monte-Carlo simulations have been performed for co-optimization of the gamma-collection efficiency and light collection efficiency of the scintillator/photodetector pairs resulting in a new tapered scintillator geometry. Energy resolution of 5.69% FWHM at 662 keV was obtained for a 1-inch diameter photodetector coupled to a two-inch long conical CsI(Tl) scintillator; with dimensions: 1-inch diameter at the top tapered to 2-inch diameter at the bottom. The long term stability of the technology has been verified. Current efforts to optimize the detectors for specific applications in safeguards and in materials control and accountability are discussed.« less

Design of New Muzzle for 80mm Diamter Single-Stage Gas Gun

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Russell, R. T.; Starks, K. S.; Grote, D. L., II; Vandersall, K. S.; Zhou, M.; Thadhani, N. N.

1999-06-01

In this paper, we describe the design of a new muzzle for the Georgia Institute of Technology's 80mm diameter single-stage gas gun. The muzzle is designed to accommodate both normal and inclined impact experiments. Modular target-holding assemblies are mounted on a hardened tool steel annular plate 3 inches in thickness and 15 inches in diameter. This plate is threaded on to the gun barrel and locked into place by an anti-backlash assembly to prevent loss of alignment. The target mount for normal impact experiments consists of two 4.5 inch diameter semi-cylindrical ring sections with surfaces lapped perpendicular to the major bore axis. The inclined target mount includes a pair of concentric cylinder sections with an inner diameter of 8 inches. Tilt adjustment is achieved around two mutually perpendicular and intersecting axis of rotation, as in a gimbals assembly. Coarse alignment allows for angles between -10 and +30 degrees. Fine alignment is achieved using 3/8 inch machine screws with 40 threads per inch. This mechanism yields a precision of 0.025 inches per revolution, the same precision found in a micrometer. The linear distance between the adjustment mechanisms and the axes of rotation geometrically enhances fine alignment. Velocity measurement assemblies using shear pins, time of arrival pins, and laser/photo-diode circuits are designed as bolt-on modules.

50 CFR 665.165 - Size restrictions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... its base to its most distal extremity. The stem diameter of a living coral specimen shall be determined by measuring the greatest diameter of the stem at a point no less than 1 inch (2.54 cm) from the... from any precious coral permit area must have attained either a minimum stem diameter of 1 inch (2.54...

50 CFR 665.265 - Size restrictions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... its base to its most distal extremity. The stem diameter of a living coral specimen shall be determined by measuring the greatest diameter of the stem at a point no less than 1 inch (2.54 cm) from the... from any precious coral permit area must have attained either a minimum stem diameter of 1 inch (2.54...

Growth of ponderosa pine stands in relation to mountain pine beetle susceptibility

Treesearch

R. A. Obedzinski; J. M. Schmid; S. A. Mata; W. K. Olsen; R. R. Kessler

1999-01-01

Ten-year diameter and basal area growth were determined for partially cut stands at 4 locations. Average diameters in the partially cut plots generally increased by 1 inch or more, while average diameter in the uncut controls increased by 0.9 inches or less. Individual tree growth is discussed in relation to potential susceptibility to mountain pine beetle infestation...

46 CFR 108.425 - Fire hoses and associated equipment.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... size diameter; (2) Of 50 foot nominal hose size length; and (3) Lined commercial fire hose that meets... inch (64 millimeter) hose sizes, i.e., 9 threads per inch for 11/2 inch hose, and 71/2 threads per inch...

46 CFR 108.425 - Fire hoses and associated equipment.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... size diameter; (2) Of 50 foot nominal hose size length; and (3) Lined commercial fire hose that meets... inch (64 millimeter) hose sizes, i.e., 9 threads per inch for 11/2 inch hose, and 71/2 threads per inch...

76 FR 80926 - Dominion Transmission, Inc; Notice of Request Under Blanket Authorization

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-12-27

... approximately 735 feet of 8-inch diameter TL-369 Ext. 2 receiver pipeline facilities; and (3) construct two new... proposes to: (1) Replace approximately 14.98 miles of it's existing multi-diameter (12, 14, and 16-inch) TL...

40 CFR Appendix R to Subpart G of... - Substitutes Subject to Use Restrictions Listed in the December 20, 2011 Final Rule, Effective...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

.... “Differ” means that either the diameter differs by at least 1/16 inch or the thread direction is reversed... (e.g., process tubes). The color mark must extend at least 2.5 centimeters (1 inch) from the... diameter differs by at least 1/16 inch or the thread direction is reversed (i.e., right-handed vs. left...

40 CFR Appendix R to Subpart G of... - Substitutes Subject to Use Restrictions Listed in the December 20, 2011 Final Rule, Effective...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

...” means that either the diameter differs by at least 1/16 inch or the thread direction is reversed (i.e...., process tubes). The color mark must extend at least 2.5 centimeters (1 inch) from the compressor and must... diameter differs by at least 1/16 inch or the thread direction is reversed (i.e., right-handed vs. left...

40 CFR Appendix R to Subpart G of... - Substitutes Subject to Use Restrictions Listed in the December 20, 2011 Final Rule, Effective...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

.... “Differ” means that either the diameter differs by at least 1/16 inch or the thread direction is reversed... (e.g., process tubes). The color mark must extend at least 2.5 centimeters (1 inch) from the... diameter differs by at least 1/16 inch or the thread direction is reversed (i.e., right-handed vs. left...

29 CFR (non - mandatory) Appendix A to Subpart L of Part 1926-Scaffold Specifications

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... equivalent in strength to at least 1/2 inch (1.3 cm) diameter improved plow steel wire rope. (s) Float (ship... force. (d) Guardrails shall be as follows: (i) Toprails shall be equivalent in strength to 2 inch by 4 inch lumber; or 11/4 inch × 1/8 inch structural angle iron; or 1 inch × .070 inch wall steel tubing; or...

29 CFR (non - mandatory) Appendix A to Subpart L of Part 1926-Scaffold Specifications

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... equivalent in strength to at least 1/2 inch (1.3 cm) diameter improved plow steel wire rope. (s) Float (ship... force. (d) Guardrails shall be as follows: (i) Toprails shall be equivalent in strength to 2 inch by 4 inch lumber; or 11/4 inch × 1/8 inch structural angle iron; or 1 inch × .070 inch wall steel tubing; or...

Metal tube reducer is inexpensive and simple to operate

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Mayfield, R. M.

1967-01-01

Low-cost metal tube reducer accepts tubing up to 1 inch outer diameter and can reduce this diameter to less than 1/2 inch with controlled wall thickness. This device can reduce all of the tube without waste. It produces extremely good surface finishes.

Field instrumentation of dowels : executive summary, April 1997.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1997-04-01

Four different types of dowels, 11/2 inch diameter epoxy-coated steel bars, 11/2 inch diameter fiberglass, 1 1/2 deep steel and fiberglass I-beams, were instrumented with strain gages and installed. Forces that developed in these dowel bars due to cu...

Field instrumentation of dowels : final report, May 1997.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1997-04-01

Four different types of dowels, 11/2 inch diameter epoxy-coated steel bars, 11/2 inch diameter fiberglass, 1 1/2 deep steel and fiberglass I-beams, were instrumented with strain gages and installed. Forces that developed in these dowel bars due to cu...

75 FR 52319 - Texas Eastern Transmission, L.P.; Notice of Intent To Prepare an Environmental Assessment for the...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-08-25

...; An internal inspection tool (pig \\1\\) launcher to the 16- inch-diameter pipeline lateral; \\1\\ A ``pig..., internal inspections, or other purposes. A pig receiver on the 16-inch-diameter pipeline lateral; and A new...

Acoustic positioning for space processing experiments

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Whymark, R. R.

1974-01-01

An acoustic positioning system is described that is adaptable to a range of processing chambers and furnace systems. Operation at temperatures exceeding 1000 C is demonstrated in experiments involving the levitation of liquid and solid glass materials up to several ounces in weight. The system consists of a single source of sound that is beamed at a reflecting surface placed a distance away. Stable levitation is achieved at a succession of discrete energy minima contained throughout the volume between the reflector and the sound source. Several specimens can be handled at one time. Metal discs up to 3 inches in diameter can be levitated, solid spheres of dense material up to 0.75 inches diameter, and liquids can be freely suspended in l-g in the form of near-spherical droplets up to 0.25 inch diameter, or flattened liquid discs up to 0.6 inches diameter. Larger specimens may be handled by increasing the size of the sound source or by reducing the sound frequency.

The influence of partial cutting on mountain pine beetle-caused tree mortality in Black Hills ponderosa pine stands

Treesearch

J.M. Schmid; S.A. Mata; R.R. Kessler; J.B. Popp

2007-01-01

Ponderosa pine stands were partially cut to various stocking levels at five locations, periodically surveyed, and remeasured during the 20 years after installation. Mean diameter generally increased 2 inches over the 20-year period on most partially cut plots and less than 2 inches on unmanaged controls. Average diameter growth for diameter classes in partially cut...

Instrument for the measurement and determination of chemical pulse column parameters

DOEpatents

Marchant, Norman J.; Morgan, John P.

1990-01-01

An instrument for monitoring and measuring pneumatic driving force pulse parameters applied to chemical separation pulse columns obtains real time pulse frequency and root mean square amplitude values, calculates column inch values and compares these values against preset limits to alert column operators to the variations of pulse column operational parameters beyond desired limits.

MM&T for Linear Resonant Cooler. Volume 1

DTIC Science & Technology

1988-02-16

Tesla *Magnet Material Samarium Cobalt Radially Magnetized Inner Diameter = 1.25" Length = 0.79" Coil Assembly Number of Turns/Section = 90 Outside...Diameter = 1.22" Inside Diameter = 0.86" Inner Iron Material 2 V Permendur Inside Diameter = 0.38" Length 1.84" Design Max. Flux Density = 2.4 Tesla 0 3-12...suspended with rubber bands 60 inches above the floor of the semi -anechoic room. A six foot square piece of 2 inch thick foam was centered on the floor

30 CFR 77.412 - Compressed air systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... used at connections to machines of high-pressure hose lines of 1-inch inside diameter or larger, and between high-pressure hose lines of 1-inch inside diameter or larger, where a connection failure would... shall be equipped with automatic pressure-relief valves, pressure gages, and drain valves. (b) Repairs...

46 CFR 169.563 - Firehose.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

..., DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) NAUTICAL SCHOOLS SAILING SCHOOL VESSELS Lifesaving and... or equivalent of not over 11/2 inch diameter or garden hose of not less than 5/8 inch nominal inside diameter. If garden hose is used, it must be of a good commercial grade constructed of an inner rubber tube...

46 CFR 169.563 - Firehose.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

..., DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) NAUTICAL SCHOOLS SAILING SCHOOL VESSELS Lifesaving and... or equivalent of not over 11/2 inch diameter or garden hose of not less than 5/8 inch nominal inside diameter. If garden hose is used, it must be of a good commercial grade constructed of an inner rubber tube...

Fatigue acceptance test limit criterion for larger diameter rolled thread fasteners

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Kephart, A.R.

1997-05-01

This document describes a fatigue lifetime acceptance test criterion by which studs having rolled threads, larger than 1.0 inches in diameter, can be assured to meet minimum quality attributes associated with a controlled rolling process. This criterion is derived from a stress dependent, room temperature air fatigue database for test studs having a 0.625 inch diameter threads of Alloys X-750 HTH and direct aged 625. Anticipated fatigue lives of larger threads are based on thread root elastic stress concentration factors which increase with increasing thread diameters. Over the thread size range of interest, a 30% increase in notch stress ismore » equivalent to a factor of five (5X) reduction in fatigue life. The resulting diameter dependent fatigue acceptance criterion is normalized to the aerospace rolled thread acceptance standards for a 1.0 inch diameter, 0.125 inch pitch, Unified National thread with a controlled Root radius (UNR). Testing was conducted at a stress of 50% of the minimum specified material ultimate strength, 80 Ksi, and at a stress ratio (R) of 0.10. Limited test data for fastener diameters of 1.00 to 2.25 inches are compared to the acceptance criterion. Sensitivity of fatigue life of threads to test nut geometry variables was also shown to be dependent on notch stress conditions. Bearing surface concavity of the compression nuts and thread flank contact mismatch conditions can significantly affect the fastener fatigue life. Without improved controls these conditions could potentially provide misleading acceptance data. Alternate test nut geometry features are described and implemented in the rolled thread stud specification, MIL-DTL-24789(SH), to mitigate the potential effects on fatigue acceptance data.« less

29 CFR (non - mandatory) Appendix A to Subpart L of Part 1926-Scaffold Specifications

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... equivalent in strength to at least 1/2 inch (1.3 cm) diameter improved plow steel wire rope. (s) Float (ship... wire or synthetic rope, and shall be supported by angle irons attached to brackets welded to the steel... inch lumber; or 11/4 inch × 1/8 inch structural angle iron; or 1 inch × .070 inch wall steel tubing; or...

29 CFR (non - mandatory) appendix A to Subpart L of Part 1926-Scaffold Specifications

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... equivalent in strength to at least 1/2 inch (1.3 cm) diameter improved plow steel wire rope. (s) Float (ship... wire or synthetic rope, and shall be supported by angle irons attached to brackets welded to the steel... inch lumber; or 11/4 inch × 1/8 inch structural angle iron; or 1 inch × .070 inch wall steel tubing; or...

Large format silicon immersion gratings for high resolution infrared spectroscopy

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ge, Jian; McDavitt, Dan; Zhao, Bo; Miller, Shane

2006-06-01

We report progress on development of large format silicon immersion gratings (SIG) at UF. Currently SIGs on 4 inch diameter thick silicon disks can be routinely produced with groove periods from 7 microns to 250 microns and blaze angles from 20 degrees to 76 degrees. A new capability of making SIGs from 6 inch diameter silicon disks has also been demonstrated. A new Space Astronomy Instrumentation Lab (SAIL) facility is being established at UF to have a capability of fabricating SIGs on 8 inch diameter silicon disks with up to 4 inch thickness. Our prototype SIG with an 85x50 mm2 etched grating area and a 54.7 deg blaze angle has produced a nearly diffraction-limited wavefront, less than 1% integrated scattered light and ghost intensity, a 74% peak blaze efficiency and a R = 55,000 resolving power at 1.55 μm.

Hybrid propulsion technology program. Volume 2: Technology definition package

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Jensen, Gordon E.; Holzman, Allen L.; Leisch, Steven O.; Keilbach, Joseph; Parsley, Randy; Humphrey, John

1989-01-01

A concept design study was performed to configure two sizes of hybrid boosters; one which duplicates the advanced shuttle rocket motor vacuum thrust time curve and a smaller, quarter thrust level booster. Two sizes of hybrid boosters were configured for either pump-fed or pressure-fed oxygen feed systems. Performance analyses show improved payload capability relative to a solid propellant booster. Size optimization and fuel safety considerations resulted in a 4.57 m (180 inch) diameter large booster with an inert hydrocarbon fuel. The preferred diameter for the quarter thrust level booster is 2.53 m (96 inches). The demonstration plan would culminate with test firings of a 3.05 m (120 inch) diameter hybrid booster.

7 CFR 51.3067 - Serious damage.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... serious damage: (a) Anthracnose when any spot exceeds the area of a circle one-fourth inch in diameter, or when more than 3 spots each of which exceeds the area of a circle three-sixteenths inch in diameter; (b... avocado which has greenish-yellow colored sunburn aggregating 25 percent of the fruit surface; (g...

7 CFR 51.3067 - Serious damage.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... serious damage: (a) Anthracnose when any spot exceeds the area of a circle one-fourth inch in diameter, or when more than 3 spots each of which exceeds the area of a circle three-sixteenths inch in diameter; (b... avocado which has greenish-yellow colored sunburn aggregating 25 percent of the fruit surface; (g...

7 CFR 51.3067 - Serious damage.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... serious damage: (a) Anthracnose when any spot exceeds the area of a circle one-fourth inch in diameter, or when more than 3 spots each of which exceeds the area of a circle three-sixteenths inch in diameter; (b... avocado which has greenish-yellow colored sunburn aggregating 25 percent of the fruit surface; (g...

24 CFR 3280.611 - Vents and venting.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... drain piping for each toilet shall be vented by a 11/2 inch minimum diameter vent or rectangular vent of..., connected to the toilet drain by one of the following methods: (i) A 11/2 inch diameter (min.) individual vent pipe or equivalent directly connected to the toilet drain within the distance allowed in § 3280...

7 CFR 52.1845 - Sizes of seedless raisins.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... raisins will pass through round perforations 22/64-inch in diameter, but not more than 10 percent, by weight, of all the raisins may pass through round perforations 20/64-inch in diameter. (b) Small or midget size raisins means that 95 percent, by weight, of all the raisins will pass through round...

46 CFR 169.563 - Firehose.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... or equivalent of not over 11/2 inch diameter or garden hose of not less than 5/8 inch nominal inside diameter. If garden hose is used, it must be of a good commercial grade constructed of an inner rubber tube, plies of braided cotton reinforcement and an outer rubber cover, or of equivalent material, and must be...

46 CFR 169.563 - Firehose.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... or equivalent of not over 11/2 inch diameter or garden hose of not less than 5/8 inch nominal inside diameter. If garden hose is used, it must be of a good commercial grade constructed of an inner rubber tube, plies of braided cotton reinforcement and an outer rubber cover, or of equivalent material, and must be...

46 CFR 169.563 - Firehose.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... or equivalent of not over 11/2 inch diameter or garden hose of not less than 5/8 inch nominal inside diameter. If garden hose is used, it must be of a good commercial grade constructed of an inner rubber tube, plies of braided cotton reinforcement and an outer rubber cover, or of equivalent material, and must be...

DEVELOPMENT OF A NINE INCH DIAMETER, MACH 5.5, MONORAIL, ROCKET SLED.

DTIC Science & Technology

A nine inch diameter monorail rocket sled was designed, fabricated and tested at Holloman Air Force Base. The vehicle was designed to allow easy...replacement of appendages which were subject to severe aerodynamic heating and/or high wear rates. The monorail vehicle as described was shown to be

30 CFR 75.1730 - Compressed air; general; compressed air systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... shall be used at connections to machines of high-pressure hose lines of three-fourths of an inch inside diameter or larger, and between high-pressure hose lines of three-fourths of an inch inside diameter or larger, where a connection failure would create a hazard. For purposes of this paragraph, high-pressure...

7 CFR 51.784 - Classification of defects.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... STANDARDS) United States Standards for Grades of Florida Grapefruit Definitions § 51.784 Classification of... discoloration permitted in the grade Very deep or very rough aggregating more than a circle 1/2 inch (12.7 mm) in diameter; deep or rough aggregating more than a circle 1 inch (25.4 mm) in diameter; slightly...

7 CFR 51.1837 - Classification of defects.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... STANDARDS) United States Standards for Grades of Florida Tangerines Definitions § 51.1837 Classification of....1828.] Deep or rough aggregating more than a circle 1/4 inch (6.4 mm) in diameter; slightly rough with... slight depth aggregating more than a circle 11/8 inches (28.6 mm) in diameter Deep or rough aggregating...

49 CFR 230.38 - Telltale holes.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 49 Transportation 4 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Telltale holes. 230.38 Section 230.38... Staybolts § 230.38 Telltale holes. (a) Staybolts less than 8 inches long. All staybolts shorter than 8 inches, except flexible bolts, shall have telltale holes 3/16 inch to 7/32 inch diameter and at least 11...

49 CFR 230.38 - Telltale holes.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 49 Transportation 4 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Telltale holes. 230.38 Section 230.38... Staybolts § 230.38 Telltale holes. (a) Staybolts less than 8 inches long. All staybolts shorter than 8 inches, except flexible bolts, shall have telltale holes 3/16 inch to 7/32 inch diameter and at least 11...

49 CFR 230.38 - Telltale holes.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 49 Transportation 4 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Telltale holes. 230.38 Section 230.38... Staybolts § 230.38 Telltale holes. (a) Staybolts less than 8 inches long. All staybolts shorter than 8 inches, except flexible bolts, shall have telltale holes 3/16 inch to 7/32 inch diameter and at least 11...

49 CFR 230.38 - Telltale holes.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 49 Transportation 4 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Telltale holes. 230.38 Section 230.38... Staybolts § 230.38 Telltale holes. (a) Staybolts less than 8 inches long. All staybolts shorter than 8 inches, except flexible bolts, shall have telltale holes 3/16 inch to 7/32 inch diameter and at least 11...

49 CFR 230.38 - Telltale holes.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 49 Transportation 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Telltale holes. 230.38 Section 230.38... Staybolts § 230.38 Telltale holes. (a) Staybolts less than 8 inches long. All staybolts shorter than 8 inches, except flexible bolts, shall have telltale holes 3/16 inch to 7/32 inch diameter and at least 11...

29 CFR 1915.135 - Powder actuated fastening tools.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... into materials such as brick or concrete within 3 inches of the unsupported edge or corner, or into... 2×4 inch lumber to a concrete surface, fasteners of greater than 7/32 inch shank diameter shall not...

78 FR 41366 - Certain Large Diameter Carbon and Alloy Seamless Standard, Line, and Pressure Pipe (Over 4 1/2

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-07-10

... Carbon and Alloy Seamless Standard, Line, and Pressure Pipe (Over 4 \\1/2\\ Inches) From Japan: Preliminary... seamless standard, line, and pressure pipe (over 4 \\1/2\\ inches) (large diameter seamless pipe) from Japan.../exporters of subject merchandise, Canadian Natural Resources Limited (CNRL), JFE Steel Corporation (JFE...

Reducing fire potential in lodgepole pine by increasing timber utilization

Treesearch

James K. Brown

1974-01-01

Fuel and fire potential in clearcut lodgepole pine were compared after stands were logged to near complete and conventional utilization standards. After logging, material greater than 3 inches in diameter had been reduced threefold on the near complete units and had been increased threefold on the conventional units. Material smaller than 3 inches in diameter was...

33 CFR 165.803 - Mississippi River-regulated navigation area.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... breaking strength of three parts of 7/8 inch diameter wire rope; or (3) Fixed rigging that is at least... end of the tier is secured to at least one mooring device. (3) Each wire rope used between the... inch diameter wire rope. (4) Each wire rope used between the downstream end of a barge and a mooring...

33 CFR 165.803 - Mississippi River-regulated navigation area.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... breaking strength of three parts of 7/8 inch diameter wire rope; or (3) Fixed rigging that is at least... end of the tier is secured to at least one mooring device. (3) Each wire rope used between the... inch diameter wire rope. (4) Each wire rope used between the downstream end of a barge and a mooring...

33 CFR 165.803 - Mississippi River-regulated navigation area.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... breaking strength of three parts of 7/8 inch diameter wire rope; or (3) Fixed rigging that is at least... end of the tier is secured to at least one mooring device. (3) Each wire rope used between the... inch diameter wire rope. (4) Each wire rope used between the downstream end of a barge and a mooring...

33 CFR 165.803 - Mississippi River-regulated navigation area.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... breaking strength of three parts of 7/8 inch diameter wire rope; or (3) Fixed rigging that is at least... end of the tier is secured to at least one mooring device. (3) Each wire rope used between the... inch diameter wire rope. (4) Each wire rope used between the downstream end of a barge and a mooring...

49 CFR 230.72 - Testing main reservoirs.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... drilled over its entire surface with telltale holes that are 3/16 of an inch in diameter. The holes shall...)) Where: D = Extreme depth of telltale holes in inches but in no case less than one-sixteenth inch; P...; and R = inside radius of the reservoir in inches. (2) One row of holes shall be drilled lengthwise of...

Handbook for inventorying downed woody material

Treesearch

James K. Brown

1974-01-01

To facilitate debris management, procedures for inventorying downed woody material are presented. Instructions show how to estimate weights and volumes of downed woody material, fuel depth, and duff depth. Using the planar intersect technique, downed material is inventoried by 0- to 0.25-inch, 0.25- to 1-inch, and 1- to 3-inch diameter classes; and by 1-inch classes...

49 CFR 230.39 - Broken staybolts.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... at that time. Broken staybolts detected in between 31 service day inspections must be replaced no later than 30 calendar days from the time of detection. When staybolts 8 inches or less in length are... at least 11/4 inches deep at each end, or that have telltale holes 3/16 inch to 7/32 inch in diameter...

Assessment of present state-of-the-art sawing technology of large diameter ingots for solar sheet material

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Yoo, H. I.

1977-01-01

The objective of this program is to assess the present state-of-the-art sawing technology of large diameter silicon ingots (3 inch and 4 inch diameter) for solar sheet materials. During this period, work has progressed in three areas: (1) slicing of the ingots with the multiblade slurry saw and the I.D. saw, (2) characterization of the sliced wafers, and (3) analysis of direct labor, expendable material costs, and wafer productivity.

Overview of 10 inch Diameter HTPB Hybrid Motor Testing with Liquid Oxygen at Stennis Space Center

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Knowles, Timothy E.; Kearney, Darren; Roberts, Ryan

2005-01-01

To further explore the operation of hybrid rocket motors and to demonstrate the performance characteristics of the motor design Lockheed Martin funded research on a series of 10 inch diameter hybrid motors that produce less than 10 klbf sea level thrust. This test series was given the name "Hybrid Technology Test Program." These motors were fired in the existing test stand at the SSC E-3 complex Cell 1. The fuel and oxidizer for these 10 inch diameter motors are HTPB and LO2, respectively. The original goal of the testing was to verify that the predicted performance matched the actual performance of these 10 inch motors (ref. figure 1) and then confirm that the motors performed acceptably. For this element of testing horizontally fired hybrid motors will be tested using LO2 supplied from the existing facility 100 gallon LO2 tank that is pressurized with facility GN2. The thrust produced by the motor will be measured by a Lockheed Martin supplied load cell.

Development of methods of producing large areas of silicon sheet by the slicing of silicon ingots using Inside Diameter (I.D.) saws

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Aharonyan, P.

1980-01-01

Modifications to a 16 inch STC automated saw included: a programmable feed system; a crystal rotating system; and a STC dynatrack blade boring and control system. By controlling the plating operation and by grinding the cutting edge, 16 inch I.D. blades were produced with a cutting edge thickness of .22 mm. Crystal rotation mechanism was used to slice 100 mm diameter crystals with a 16 inch blade down to a thickness of .20 mm. Cutting rates with crystal rotation were generally slower than with standard plunge I.D. slicing techniques. Using programmed feeds and programmed rotation, maximum cutting rates were from 0.3 to 1.0 inches per minute.

50 CFR 223.207 - Approved TEDs.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... with a minimum outside diameter of 1 inch (2.54 cm) and a minimum wall thickness of 1/8 inch (0.32 cm... the TED frame minus 4 inches (10.2 cm) on both sides of the grid, when measured as a straight line... opening cannot be narrower than the outside width of the grid minus 4 inches (10.2 cm) on both sides of...

Demonstration of short haul aircraft aft noise reduction techniques on a twenty inch (50.8 cm) diameter fan, volume 3

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Stimpert, D. L.

1975-01-01

Tests of a twenty inch diameter, low tip speed, low pressure ratio fan which investigated aft fan noise reduction techniques are reported. The 1/3 octave band sound data are presented for all the configurations tested. The model data are presented on 17 foot arc and extrapolated to 200 foot sideline.

Spectrophotometer-Integrating-Sphere System for Computing Solar Absorptance

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Witte, William G., Jr.; Slemp, Wayne S.; Perry, John E., Jr.

1991-01-01

A commercially available ultraviolet, visible, near-infrared spectrophotometer was modified to utilize an 8-inch-diameter modified Edwards-type integrated sphere. Software was written so that the reflectance spectra could be used to obtain solar absorptance values of 1-inch-diameter specimens. A descriptions of the system, spectral reflectance, and software for calculation of solar absorptance from reflectance data are presented.

49 CFR 393.124 - What are the rules for securing concrete pipe?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... place by blocks and/or wedges; and (iii) Every pipe in the bottom tier must also be held firmly in... not secured individually with a tiedown, then: (A) Either one 1/2-inch diameter chain or wire rope, or two 3/8-inch diameter chain or wire rope, must be placed longitudinally over the group of pipes; (B...

49 CFR 393.124 - What are the rules for securing concrete pipe?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... place by blocks and/or wedges; and (iii) Every pipe in the bottom tier must also be held firmly in... not secured individually with a tiedown, then: (A) Either one 1/2-inch diameter chain or wire rope, or two 3/8-inch diameter chain or wire rope, must be placed longitudinally over the group of pipes; (B...

49 CFR 393.124 - What are the rules for securing concrete pipe?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... place by blocks and/or wedges; and (iii) Every pipe in the bottom tier must also be held firmly in... not secured individually with a tiedown, then: (A) Either one 1/2-inch diameter chain or wire rope, or two 3/8-inch diameter chain or wire rope, must be placed longitudinally over the group of pipes; (B...

49 CFR 393.124 - What are the rules for securing concrete pipe?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... place by blocks and/or wedges; and (iii) Every pipe in the bottom tier must also be held firmly in... not secured individually with a tiedown, then: (A) Either one 1/2-inch diameter chain or wire rope, or two 3/8-inch diameter chain or wire rope, must be placed longitudinally over the group of pipes; (B...

49 CFR 393.124 - What are the rules for securing concrete pipe?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... place by blocks and/or wedges; and (iii) Every pipe in the bottom tier must also be held firmly in... not secured individually with a tiedown, then: (A) Either one 1/2-inch diameter chain or wire rope, or two 3/8-inch diameter chain or wire rope, must be placed longitudinally over the group of pipes; (B...

Study on 3-inch Hamamatsu photomultipliers

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Giordano, Valentina; Aiello, Sebastiano; Leonora, Emanuele

2016-07-01

Several kinds of photomultipliers are widely used in astroparticle physics detectors to measure Cherenkov light in media like water or ice. In neutrino telescopes the key element of the detector is the optical module, which consists of one or more photodetectors inside a transparent pressure-resistant glass sphere. It serves as mechanical protection while ensuring good light transmission. The KM3NeT collaboration has developed an innovative design of an optical module composed by 31 photomultipliers (PMTs) of 3-inch diameter housed in a 17-inch glass shpere. The performance of the telescope is largely dependent on the presence on noise pulses present on the anode of the photomultipliers. A study was conducted of noise pulses of Hamamatsu 3-inch diameter photomultipliers measuring time and charge distributions of dark pulses, pre-pulses, delayed pulses and after-pulses, focusing in particular on analysis on multiple afterpulses. Effects of the Earth's magnetic field on 3-inch PMTs were also studied.

Data book for 12.5-inch diameter SRB thermal model water flotation test - 14.7 psia, series P024

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Allums, S. L.

1974-01-01

Tests were conducted to determine how thermal conditions affect space shuttle solid rocket booster (SRB) flotation. Acceleration, pressure, and temperature data were recorded from initial water impact to final flotation position using a 12.5-inch diameter thermal model of the SRB at ambient pressure. The model was 136.9 inches long and weighed 117.3 lbm. The tests indicated the following differences from ambient temperature tests: (1) significant negative static pressures can occur during penetration; (2) maximum penetration is increased; and (3) final flotation is in the spar buoy mode.

Boring deep holes in southern pine

Treesearch

G. E. Woodson; C. W. McMillin

1972-01-01

When holes 10-1/2 inches deep and I inch in diameter were made with either a ship auger or a double-spur, double-twist machine bit, clogging occurred at a shallower depth (avg. 6.5 inches) when boring across the grain than when boring along the grain (avg. 10.1 inches). In both boring directions, thrust force and torque demand for unclogged bits were less for the ship...

Whole-tree harvesting of pines with taproot attached

Treesearch

P. Koch

1974-01-01

The taproot of a 15- to 3O-yearold slash pine, with lateral roots pruned away, weighs about 20% as much as the bark-free merchantable stem to a four-inch top (dry-weight basis). Maximum taproot diameter, a few inches below ground level, is 1.5 to two times stem diameter at breast height. Length in sandy loam soils is commonly three to five feet.

Devices to protect seedlings from deer browsing

Treesearch

David A. Marquis

1977-01-01

Studies on the Allegheny Plateau of Pennsylvania have shown that several types of wire or plastic tubes can be erected around tree seedlings to protect them from deer browsing. The two most promising devices are a 4- to 6-inch diameter plastic tube with small mesh and a 12-inch diameter tube constructed of chicken wire. Both types need to be at least 5 feet tall to...

Five Years' Growth of Pruned and Unpruned Cottonwood Planted at 40- by 40-Foot Spacing

Treesearch

Roger M. Krinard

1979-01-01

Four pruning treatments have been applied for 5 years on cottonwood (Populus deltoides Bartr.) select clone Stoneville 66, planted at 40- by 40-ft spacing. As pruning severity increased, average diameter and maximum crown width decreased. Diameters ranged from 9.2 inches for trees pruned half of height yearly to 11.4 inches for unpruned trees; crown widths ranged from...

High-Speed Schlieren Movies of the Flow About Reefed Parachute Models Towed at Supersonic Speeds Behind a Conical Body (4.875 Inches in Diameter). Drag Values Based on the Unreefed Diameter of 1.73 F. Porosity of Unreefed Parachute is 28 Percent.

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1960-01-01

Flexible parachute models reefed to one-eighth, one-fourth, one-third, and four tenths of its diameter were towed at speeds of Mach 1.80, 2.00, 2.20 and 2.87. Towline lengths tested were 23.40, 24.38, 26.81, and 29.25 inches. High-speed Schlieren movies of the flow are shown.

Effect of orifice length-diameter ratio on the coefficient of discharge of fuel-injection nozzles

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Gelalles, A G; March, E T

1931-01-01

The variation of the coefficient of discharge with the length-diameter ratio of the orifice was determined for nozzles having single orifice 0.008 and 0.020 inch in diameter. Ratios from 0.5 to 10 were investigated at injection pressures from 500 to 5,000 pounds per square inch. The tests showed that, within the error of the observation, the coefficients were the same whether the nozzles were assembled at the end of a constant tube or in an automatic injection valve having a plain stem.

Development and Testing of a Post-Installable Deepwater Monitoring System Using Fiber-Optic Sensors

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Seaman, Calvin H.; Brower, David V.; Le, Suy Q.; Tang, Henry H.

2015-01-01

This paper addresses the design and development of a fiber-optic monitoring system that can be deployed on existing deepwater risers and flowlines; and provides a summary of test article fabrication and the subsequent laboratory testing performed at the National Aeronautics and Space Administration-Johnson Space Center (NASA-JSC). A major challenge of a post-installed instrumentation system is to ensure adequate coupling between the instruments and the riser or flowline of interest. This work investigates the sensor coupling for pipelines that are suspended in a water column (from topside platform to seabed) using a fiber-optic sensor clamp and subsea bonding adhesive. The study involved the design, fabrication, and test of several prototype clamps that contained fiber-optic sensors. A mold was produced by NASA using 3-D printing methods that allowed the casting of polyurethane clamp test articles to accommodate 4-inch and 8-inch diameter pipes. The prototype clamps were installed with a subsea adhesive in a "wet" environment and then tested in the NASA Structures Test Laboratory (STL). The tension, compression, and bending test data showed that the prototype sensor clamps achieved good structural coupling, and could provide high quality strain measurement for active monitoring.

Force and work to shear green southern pine logs at slow speed

Treesearch

Peter Koch

1971-01-01

When logs of three diameter classes and two specific gravity classes were sheared with a 3/8-inch-thick knife travelling at 2 inches per minute, shearing force and work averaged greatest for dense 13.6-inch logs cut with a knife having a 45o sharpness angle (73,517 pounds; 49,838 foot-pounds). Force and work averaged at least 5.1-inch bolts of...

Fabrication of graphite/epoxy cases for orbit insertion motors

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Schmidt, W. W.

1973-01-01

The fabrication procedures are described for filament-wound rocket motor cases, approximately 26.25 inches long by 25.50 inches diameter, utilizing graphite fibers. The process utilized prepreg tape which consists of Fortafil 4-R fibers in the E-759 epoxy resin matrix. This fabrication effect demonstrated an ability to fabricate high quality graphite/epoxy rocket motor cases in the 26.25 inch by 25.50 inch size range.

Investigation of Pipeline Concepts, Materials and Construction Techniques

DTIC Science & Technology

1976-06-01

Tite" Ethyl "Bell-Ring" Johns-Manville "Ring-Tite" Rehau "Mechan-O-Joint". Weights for 4 Inch, 6 Inch, and 8 inch diameter pipes are 1.86 LB/FT...415 Avenida Pico San Clemento, California 92672 C58 I Returned Reply Useful Used In By USPS Received Information Concept Rehau Plastiks, Incorporated

Space transportation booster engine thrust chamber technology, large scale injector

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Schneider, J. A.

1993-01-01

The objective of the Large Scale Injector (LSI) program was to deliver a 21 inch diameter, 600,000 lbf thrust class injector to NASA/MSFC for hot fire testing. The hot fire test program would demonstrate the feasibility and integrity of the full scale injector, including combustion stability, chamber wall compatibility (thermal management), and injector performance. The 21 inch diameter injector was delivered in September of 1991.

Comparison of four harvesting systems in a loblolly pine plantation

Treesearch

J. Klepac; Dana Mitchell

2016-01-01

Felling and skidding operations were monitored while clearcut harvesting a 12-acre area of a 14-year old loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) plantation. The study area contained 465 trees per acre for trees 2.0 inches Diameter at Breast Height (DBH) and larger with a Quadratic Mean Diameter (QMD) of 7.26 inches. Two feller-bunchers (tracked and rubber-tired) and two skidders (...

2007 Global Demilitarization Symposium and Exhibition

DTIC Science & Technology

2007-05-17

system! Defines reactive properties ! www.biorex.se Heavy metals • Water soluble • Easily spread • Elements • Not degradable • Hazardous • In high or low...Activated sludge Oat by-products Juniper fibre Sawdust Agro-based fibres Seaweed Grape stalk fibres Marine algae Husk of black gram www.biorex.se Sorbent...Description Reactor Illustration 18 inch diameter reactor 120 inches high Single diameter throughout entire reactor length 19 resistance heaters Alloy 600

Data book for 12.5-inch diameter SRB thermal model water flotation test: 14.7 psia, series P020

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Allums, S. L.

1974-01-01

Data acquired from the initial series of tests conducted to determine how thermal conditions affect SRB (Space Shuttle Solid Rocket Booster) flotation are presented. Acceleration, pressure, and temperature data recorded from initial water impact to final flotation position using a 12.5-inch diameter thermal model of the SRB at ambient pressure are included. The model was 136.9 inches long and weighed 117.3 lbm. The tests indicated the following differences from ambient temperature tests: (1) significant negative static pressures can occur during penetration; (2) maximum penetration is increased; and (3) final flotation is in the spar buoy mode.

Effects of size on three-cone bit performance in laboratory drilled shale

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Black, A.D.; DiBona, B.G.; Sandstrom, J.L.

1982-09-01

The effects of size on the performance of 3-cone bits were measured during laboratory drilling tests in shale at simulated downhole conditions. Four Reed HP-SM 3-cone bits with diameters of 6 1/2, 7 7/8, 9 1/2 and 11 inches were used to drill Mancos shale with water-based mud. The tests were conducted at constant borehole pressure, two conditions of hydraulic horsepower per square inch of bit area, three conditions of rotary speed and four conditions of weight-on-bit per inch of bit diameter. The resulting penetration rates and torques were measured. Statistical techniques were used to analyze the data.

Accuracy analysis of the space shuttle solid rocket motor profile measuring device

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Estler, W. Tyler

1989-01-01

The Profile Measuring Device (PMD) was developed at the George C. Marshall Space Flight Center following the loss of the Space Shuttle Challenger. It is a rotating gauge used to measure the absolute diameters of mating features of redesigned Solid Rocket Motor field joints. Diameter tolerance of these features are typically + or - 0.005 inches and it is required that the PMD absolute measurement uncertainty be within this tolerance. In this analysis, the absolute accuracy of these measurements were found to be + or - 0.00375 inches, worst case, with a potential accuracy of + or - 0.0021 inches achievable by improved temperature control.

Design and development of a hard tube flexible radiator system

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hixon, C. W.

1980-01-01

The construction and operational characteristics of an extended life flexible radiator panel is described. The radiator panel consists of a flexible fin laminate and stainless steel flow tubes designed for a 90 percent probability of surviving 5 years in an Earth orbit micrometeoroid environment. The radiator panel rejects 1.1 kW sub t of heat into an environmental sink temperature of 0 F. Total area is 170 square feet and the panel extends 25 feet in the fully deployed position. When retracted the panel rolls onto a 11.5 inch diameter by 52 inch long storage drum, for a final stored diameter of 22 inches.

PEROXIDE DESTRUCTION TESTING FOR THE 200 AREA EFFLUENT TREATMENT FACILITY

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

HALGREN DL

2010-03-12

The hydrogen peroxide decomposer columns at the 200 Area Effluent Treatment Facility (ETF) have been taken out of service due to ongoing problems with particulate fines and poor destruction performance from the granular activated carbon (GAC) used in the columns. An alternative search was initiated and led to bench scale testing and then pilot scale testing. Based on the bench scale testing three manganese dioxide based catalysts were evaluated in the peroxide destruction pilot column installed at the 300 Area Treated Effluent Disposal Facility. The ten inch diameter, nine foot tall, clear polyvinyl chloride (PVC) column allowed for the samemore » six foot catalyst bed depth as is in the existing ETF system. The flow rate to the column was controlled to evaluate the performance at the same superficial velocity (gpm/ft{sup 2}) as the full scale design flow and normal process flow. Each catalyst was evaluated on peroxide destruction performance and particulate fines capacity and carryover. Peroxide destruction was measured by hydrogen peroxide concentration analysis of samples taken before and after the column. The presence of fines in the column headspace and the discharge from carryover was generally assessed by visual observation. All three catalysts met the peroxide destruction criteria by achieving hydrogen peroxide discharge concentrations of less than 0.5 mg/L at the design flow with inlet peroxide concentrations greater than 100 mg/L. The Sud-Chemie T-2525 catalyst was markedly better in the minimization of fines and particle carryover. It is anticipated the T-2525 can be installed as a direct replacement for the GAC in the peroxide decomposer columns. Based on the results of the peroxide method development work the recommendation is to purchase the T-2525 catalyst and initially load one of the ETF decomposer columns for full scale testing.« less

Subscale solid motor nozzle tests, phase 4 and nozzle materials screening and thermal characterization, phase 5

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Arnold, J.; Dodson, J.; Laub, B.

1979-01-01

Subscale solid motor nozzles containing a baseline material or low cost materials to be considered as potential replacements for the baseline material are designed and tested. Data are presented from tests of four identically designed 2.5 inch throat diameter nozzles and one 7 inch throat diameter nozzle. The screening of new candidate low cost materials, as well as their thermophysical and thermochemical characterization is also discussed.

49 CFR 229.31 - Main reservoir tests.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... chief mechanical officer may be drilled over its entire surface with telltale holes that are three-sixteenths of an inch in diameter. The holes shall be spaced not more than 12 inches apart, measured both... formula— D = (.6PR/S-0.6P) Where: D = extreme depth of telltale holes in inches but in no case less than...

7 CFR 51.2340 - Classification of defects.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... or discoloration of the flesh extends more than 1/16 inch (1.6 mm) in depth When surface of fruit is indented and discoloration of the flesh extends deeper than 1/8 inch (3.2 mm), or causing slight discoloration exceeding the area of a circle 3/8 inch (9.5 mm) in diameter, or lesser bruises aggregating an...

7 CFR 51.2340 - Classification of defects.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... or discoloration of the flesh extends more than 1/16 inch (1.6 mm) in depth When surface of fruit is indented and discoloration of the flesh extends deeper than 1/8 inch (3.2 mm), or causing slight discoloration exceeding the area of a circle 3/8 inch (9.5 mm) in diameter, or lesser bruises aggregating an...

A mechanical property and stress corrosion evaluation of 431 stainless steel alloy

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Montano, J. W.

1973-01-01

The mechanical properties of type 431 stainless steel in two conditions: annealed bar and hardened and tempered bar are presented. Test specimens, manufactured from approximately 1.0 inch (2.54 cm) diameter bar stock, were tested at temperatures of 80 F (+26.7 C), 0 F (-17.8 C), -100 F (-73 C), and -200 F (-129 C). The test data indicated excellent tensile strength, notched/unnotched tensile ratio, ductility, shear, and impact properties at all testing temperatures. Results of the alternate immersion stress corrosion tests on stressed and unstressed longitudinal tensile specimens 0.1250 inch (0.3175 cm) diameter and transverse C-ring specimens, machined from 1.0 inch (2.54 cm) diameter bar stock, indicated that the material is not susceptible to stress corrosion cracking when tested in a 3.5 percent NaCl solution for 180 days.

7 CFR 51.1222 - Serious damage.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... allowed for any one defect, shall be considered as serious damage: (a) Bacterial spot, when any cracks are... inch in diameter; (d) Growth cracks, when unhealed, or more than 1/2 inch in length; (e) Hail injury...

7 CFR 51.1222 - Serious damage.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... allowed for any one defect, shall be considered as serious damage: (a) Bacterial spot, when any cracks are... inch in diameter; (d) Growth cracks, when unhealed, or more than 1/2 inch in length; (e) Hail injury...

7 CFR 51.1222 - Serious damage.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... allowed for any one defect, shall be considered as serious damage: (a) Bacterial spot, when any cracks are... inch in diameter; (d) Growth cracks, when unhealed, or more than 1/2 inch in length; (e) Hail injury...

Optimization of post-column reactor radius in capillary high performance liquid chromatography Effect of chromatographic column diameter and particle diameter

PubMed Central

Xu, Hongjuan; Weber, Stephen G.

2006-01-01

A post-column reactor consisting of a simple open tube (Capillary Taylor Reactor) affects the performance of a capillary LC in two ways: stealing pressure from the column and adding band spreading. The former is a problem for very small radius reactors, while the latter shows itself for large reactor diameters. We derived an equation that defines the observed number of theoretical plates (Nobs) taking into account the two effects stated above. Making some assumptions and asserting certain conditions led to a final equation with a limited number of variables, namely chromatographic column radius, reactor radius and chromatographic particle diameter. The assumptions and conditions are that the van Deemter equation applies, the mass transfer limitation is for intraparticle diffusion in spherical particles, the velocity is at the optimum, the analyte’s retention factor, k′, is zero, the post-column reactor is only long enough to allow complete mixing of reagents and analytes and the maximum operating pressure of the pumping system is used. Optimal ranges of the reactor radius (ar) are obtained by comparing the number of observed theoretical plates (and theoretical plates per time) with and without a reactor. Results show that the acceptable reactor radii depend on column diameter, particle diameter, and maximum available pressure. Optimal ranges of ar become narrower as column diameter increases, particle diameter decreases or the maximum pressure is decreased. When the available pressure is 4000 psi, a Capillary Taylor Reactor with 12 μm radius is suitable for all columns smaller than 150 μm (radius) packed with 2–5 μm particles. For 1 μm packing particles, only columns smaller than 42.5 μm (radius) can be used and the reactor radius needs to be 5 μm. PMID:16494886

Study to investigate and evaluate means of optimizing the radar function for the space shuttle

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1976-01-01

A detailed analysis of the spiral scan was performed for antenna sizes ranging from 20 inches to 36 inches in diameter and for search angles characteristic of both the radar and the communication acquisition modes. The power budgets for passive target radar detection were calculated for antenna diameters ranging from 20 to 36 inches. Dwell times commensurate with spiral scan were used for these budget calculations. The signal design for the candidate pulse Doppler system is summarized. Ground return analysis carried out for the passive target radar mode is examined, and the details are presented. A concluding description of the proposed candidate radar/communication system configuration is given.

Force test of a 0.88 percent scale 142-inch diameter solid rocket booster (MSFC model number 461) in the NASA/MSFC high Reynolds number wind tunnel (SA13F)

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Johnson, J. D.; Winkler, G. W.

1976-01-01

The results are presented of a force test of a .88 percent scale model of the 142 inch solid rocket booster without protuberances, conducted in the MSFC high Reynolds number wind tunnel. The objective of this test was to obtain aerodynamic force data over a large range of Reynolds numbers. The test was conducted over a Mach number range from 0.4 to 3.5. Reynolds numbers based on model diameter (1.25 inches) ranged from .75 million to 13.5 million. The angle of attack range was from 35 to 145 degrees.

Power consumption and lumber yields for reduced-kerf circular saws cutting hardwoods

Treesearch

Donald G. Cuppett

1982-01-01

Two 50-inch diameter headsaws were used for sawing (a) hardwood cants into boards, and (b) hardwood bolts into pallet parts. One saw had a 9x10 gage plate with 114-inch kerf teeth, and the other had a 7x8 gage plate with 9/32-inch kerf teeth. Power consumption for the two saws was determined with a watt-hour meter, measuring power used for paired cuts in 6-inch thick...

Current economic and sensitivity analysis for ID slicing of 4 inch and 6 inch diameter silicon ingots for photovoltaic applications

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Roberts, E. G.; Johnson, C. M.

1982-01-01

The economics and sensitivities of slicing large diameter silicon ingots for photovoltaic applications were examined. Current economics and slicing add on cost sensitivities are calculated using variable parameters for blade life, slicing yield, and slice cutting speed. It is indicated that cutting speed has the biggest impact on slicing add on cost, followed by slicing yield, and by blade life as the blade life increases.

24 CFR 3280.611 - Vents and venting.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

...) Size of vent piping—(1) Main vent. The drain piping for each toilet shall be vented by a 11/2 inch... venting cross section of a 11/2 inch diameter vent, connected to the toilet drain by one of the following... toilet drain within the distance allowed in § 3280.611(c)(5), for 3-inch trap arms undiminished in size...

24 CFR 3280.611 - Vents and venting.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

...) Size of vent piping—(1) Main vent. The drain piping for each toilet shall be vented by a 11/2 inch... venting cross section of a 11/2 inch diameter vent, connected to the toilet drain by one of the following... toilet drain within the distance allowed in § 3280.611(c)(5), for 3-inch trap arms undiminished in size...

7 CFR 51.2340 - Classification of defects.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... flesh extends more than 1/16 inch (1.6 mm) in depth When surface of fruit is indented and discoloration of the flesh extends deeper than 1/8 inch (3.2 mm), or causing slight discoloration exceeding the area of a circle 3/8 inch (9.5 mm) in diameter, or lesser bruises aggregating an area of a circle 3/8...

7 CFR 51.2340 - Classification of defects.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... flesh extends more than 1/16 inch (1.6 mm) in depth When surface of fruit is indented and discoloration of the flesh extends deeper than 1/8 inch (3.2 mm), or causing slight discoloration exceeding the area of a circle 3/8 inch (9.5 mm) in diameter, or lesser bruises aggregating an area of a circle 3/8...

7 CFR 51.2340 - Classification of defects.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... flesh extends more than 1/16 inch (1.6 mm) in depth When surface of fruit is indented and discoloration of the flesh extends deeper than 1/8 inch (3.2 mm), or causing slight discoloration exceeding the area of a circle 3/8 inch (9.5 mm) in diameter, or lesser bruises aggregating an area of a circle 3/8...

Tension strength of a thick graphite/epoxy laminate after impact by a 1/2-in. radius impactor

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Poe, C. C., Jr.; Illg, W.; Garber, D. P.

1986-01-01

NASA is developing graphite/epoxy filament-wound cases for solid rocket motors of the space shuttle. They are wet-wound with AS4W graphite fiber and HBRF-55A epoxy. The membrane region is about 1.4 inches thick. Two 30-inch-diameter by 12-inch-long cylinders were impacted every two inches of circumference with 1/2-inch radius impactors that were dropped from various heights. One cylinder was empty and the other was filled with inert propellant. Two-inch-wide test specimens were cut from the cylinders. Each was centered on an impact site. The specimens were x-rayed and loaded to failure in uniaxial tension. Rigid body mechanics and the Hertz law were used to predict impact force, local deformations, contact diameters, and contact pressures. The depth of impact damage was predicted using Love's solution for pressure applied on part of the boundary of a semi-infinite body. The predictions were reasonably good. The strengths of the impacted specimens were reduced by as much as 37 percent without visible surface damage. Even the radiographs did not reveal the nonvisible damage.

Preston Probe Calibrations at High Reynolds Number

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Smits, Alexander J.

1998-01-01

The overall goal of the research effort is to study the performance of two Preston probes designed by NASA Langley Research Center across an unprecedented range of Reynolds number (based on friction velocity and probe diameter), and perform an accurate calibration over the same Reynolds number range. Using the Superpipe facility in Princeton, two rounds of experiments were performed. In each round of experiments for each Reynolds number, the pressure gradient, static pressure from the Preston probes and the total pressure from the Preston probes were measured. In the first round, 3 Preston probes having outer diameters of 0.058 inches, 0.083 inches and 0.203 inches were tested over a large range of pipe Reynolds numbers. Two data reduction methods were employed: first, the static pressure measured on the Preston probe was used to calculate P (modified Preston probe configuration), and secondly, the static pressure measured at the reference pressure tap was used to calculate P (un-modified Preston probe configuration). For both methods, the static pressure was adjusted to correspond with the static pressure at the Preston probe tip using the pressure gradient. The measurements for Preston probes with diameters of 0.058 inches, and 0.083 inches respectively were performed in the test pipe before it was polished a second time. Therefore, the measurements at high pipe Reynolds numbers may have been affected by roughness. In the second round of experiments the 0.058 inches and 0.083 inches diameter, un-modified probes were tested after the pipe was polished and prepared to ensure that the surface was smooth. The average velocity was estimated by assuming that the connection between the centerline velocity and the average velocity was known, and by using a Pitot tube to measure the centerline velocity. A preliminary error estimate suggests that it is possible to introduce a 1% to 2% error in estimating the average velocity using this approach. The evidence on the errors attending the second data set is somewhat circumstantial, and the measurements have not been repeated using a better approach, it seems probable that the correlation given applies to un-modified Preston probes over the range 6.4 less than x* less than 11.3.

Dynamics of High Sound-Speed Metal Confiners Driven By Non-Ideal High-Explosive Detonation

DOE PAGES

Short, Mark; Jackson, Scott I.

2015-01-23

Here, the results of 14 tests examining the behavior of aluminum (Al) conifners driven by non-ideal ANFO detonation in a cylinder test configuration are presented. In each test, the measured detonation phase velocity is slower than the aluminum sound speed. Thus, in the detonation reference frame, the ow in the Al is both shockless and subsonic. The tests involve: 3-inch inner diameter (ID) cylinders with Al wall thicknesses of 1/4, 3/8, 1/2, 1 and 2 inches; a 4-inch ID cylinder with a 1/2-inch Al wall thickness; and 6-inch ID cylinders with Al wall thicknesses of 1/2, 1 and 2 inches.more » The ANFO detonation velocity is seen to increase with increasing wall thickness for both the 3- and 6-inch ID tests, with no limiting velocity reached for the wall thicknesses used. The motion of the outer Al wall due to precursor elastic waves in the Al running ahead of the detonation is also measured at various axial locations along the cylinders. It is found that the magnitude of the outer wall motion due to the precursor elastic waves is small, while the associated wall motion is unsteady and decays in amplitude as the elastic disturbances move further ahead of the detonation front. The variations in the expansion history of the main outer wall motion of the cylinders are presented for increasing wall thickness at fixed ID, and for increasing cylinder inner diameter at a fixed wall thickness. Finally, we also explore the existence of a geometric similarity scaling of the wall expansion history for three geometrically scaled tests (3- and 6-inch ID cylinders with 1/4- and 1/2-inch walls respectively, 3- and 6-inch ID cylinders with 1/2- and 1-inch walls and 3- and 6-inch ID cylinders with 1- and 2-inch walls respectively). We find that the wall velocity histories for each of the three scaled tests, when plotted directly against time relative to start of main motion of the wall, are similar over a certain range of wall velocities without any geometric based rescaling in time. The range of wall velocities where the overlap occurs increases as the ratio of the wall thickness to inner diameter decreases. In conclusion, this is in contrast to ideal high explosives, where the outer wall velocity histories are only similar when the geometric scale factor (in this case a factor of 2) is applied to the wall velocity motion.« less

Dynamics of High Sound-Speed Metal Confiners Driven By Non-Ideal High-Explosive Detonation

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Short, Mark; Jackson, Scott I.

Here, the results of 14 tests examining the behavior of aluminum (Al) conifners driven by non-ideal ANFO detonation in a cylinder test configuration are presented. In each test, the measured detonation phase velocity is slower than the aluminum sound speed. Thus, in the detonation reference frame, the ow in the Al is both shockless and subsonic. The tests involve: 3-inch inner diameter (ID) cylinders with Al wall thicknesses of 1/4, 3/8, 1/2, 1 and 2 inches; a 4-inch ID cylinder with a 1/2-inch Al wall thickness; and 6-inch ID cylinders with Al wall thicknesses of 1/2, 1 and 2 inches.more » The ANFO detonation velocity is seen to increase with increasing wall thickness for both the 3- and 6-inch ID tests, with no limiting velocity reached for the wall thicknesses used. The motion of the outer Al wall due to precursor elastic waves in the Al running ahead of the detonation is also measured at various axial locations along the cylinders. It is found that the magnitude of the outer wall motion due to the precursor elastic waves is small, while the associated wall motion is unsteady and decays in amplitude as the elastic disturbances move further ahead of the detonation front. The variations in the expansion history of the main outer wall motion of the cylinders are presented for increasing wall thickness at fixed ID, and for increasing cylinder inner diameter at a fixed wall thickness. Finally, we also explore the existence of a geometric similarity scaling of the wall expansion history for three geometrically scaled tests (3- and 6-inch ID cylinders with 1/4- and 1/2-inch walls respectively, 3- and 6-inch ID cylinders with 1/2- and 1-inch walls and 3- and 6-inch ID cylinders with 1- and 2-inch walls respectively). We find that the wall velocity histories for each of the three scaled tests, when plotted directly against time relative to start of main motion of the wall, are similar over a certain range of wall velocities without any geometric based rescaling in time. The range of wall velocities where the overlap occurs increases as the ratio of the wall thickness to inner diameter decreases. In conclusion, this is in contrast to ideal high explosives, where the outer wall velocity histories are only similar when the geometric scale factor (in this case a factor of 2) is applied to the wall velocity motion.« less

Shiitake mushroom production on small diameter oak logs in Ohio

Treesearch

S.M. Bratkovich

1991-01-01

Yields of different strains of shiitake mushrooms (Lentinus edodes) were evaluated when produced on small diameter oak logs in Ohio. Logs averaging between 3-4 inches in diameter were inoculated with four spawn strains in 1985.

76 FR 14654 - Gulfstream Natural Gas System, L.L.C. Notice of Request Under Blanket Authorization

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-03-17

... design and construct, one 30-inch tie-in assembly connecting the outlet of the Gulf LNG Pipeline facilities to Gulfstream's 36-inch diameter Line No. 060, electronic gas measurement equipment, and...

49 CFR 230.99 - Tender truck axles.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... Tenders Running Gear § 230.99 Tender truck axles. The minimum diameters of axles for various axle loads... wheel seat (in inches) Minimumdiameter of center (in inches) 50000 51/2 73/8 67/16 38000 5 63/4 57/8...

Scout

NASA Image and Video Library

1960-09-22

Photographed on 09/22/1960. -- An examination of the Aerojet-General "Aerobee 150A" propulsion system in February 1960. James Hansen described this as follows: "As for the technical definition of the rocket...the Langley engineers tried to keep developmental costs and time to a minimum by selecting components from off-the-shelf hardware. the majority of Scout's components were to come from an inventory of solid-fuel rockets produced for the military, although everyone involved understood that some improved motors would also have to be developed under contract. By early 1959, after intensive technical analysis and reviews, Langley settled on a design and finalized the selection of the major contractors. The rocket's 40-inch-diameter first stage was to be a new "Algol" motor, a combination of the Jupiter Senior and the navy Polaris produced by the Aerojet General Corporation, Sacramento, California. The 31-inch-diameter second stage, "Castor," was derived from the army's Sergeant and was to be manufactured by the Redstone Division of the Thiokol company in Huntsville, Alabama. the motor for the 30-inch-diameter third stage, "Antares," evolved under NASA contract from the ABL X248 design into a new version called the X254 (and subsequently into the X259); it was built under contract to NASA by ABL, a U.S. Navy Bureau of Ordnance facility operated by the Hercules Powder Company, Cumberland, Maryland. the final upper-stage propulsion unit, "Altair," which was 25.7 inches in diameter (34 inches at the heat shield), amounted to an improved edition of the X248 that was also manufactured by ABL." -- Published in James R. Hansen, Spaceflight Revolution: NASA Langley Research Center From Sputnik to Apollo, NASA SP-4308, pp.200-201.

Use of a bark thickness—tree diameter relationship for estimating past diameters of ponderosa pine trees.

Treesearch

Floyd A. Johnson

1956-01-01

Whenever past diameters of ponderosa pine trees are required for growth studies or for other purposes they can be estimated with these formulas: (1) trees 10 inches and over in diameter at breast height Dp=Dn - Wg (1.121) Where Dp...

Automotive Test Rig Final Design Report. Volume 1. Design and Fabrication.

DTIC Science & Technology

1986-01-01

when the ATR overrides a three inch diameter tree . The force generated in accomplishing this is estimated as 500 lbs. The initial hull configuration...and tree , hut does not alter the fact that the contact point is along the welded joint of two hull plates. In the initial analysis, as discussed in R...the current nose structure is more than adequate to withstand the overriding of a three inch diameter tree . 2.8.5 Shock Factor Diagram In conjunction

Carbon Fiber and Tungsten Disulfide Nanoscale Architectures for Armor Applications

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-06-01

picture of the gas gun setup. The breech is smaller cylinder on the right and the sample holder is the larger vessel on the left side of the barrel ...through the hard ceramic when impacted with a projectile travels at a different speed than in the ductile backing. While the initial shock wave compresses ...diameter and the heated length was 12 inches. A one inch outside diameter quartz tube was placed into the bore of the furnace. Stainless steel fittings

Vertical Force-deflection Characteristics of a Pair of 56-inch-diameter Aircraft Tires from Static and Drop Tests with and Without Prerotation

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Smiley, Robert F; Horne, Walter B

1957-01-01

The vertical force-deflection characteristics were experimentally determined for a pair of 56-inch-diameter tires under static and drop-test conditions with and without prerotation. For increasing force, the tires were found to be least stiff for static tests, almost the same as for the static case for prerotation drop tests as long as the tires remain rotating, and appreciably stiffer for drop tests without prerotation.

Rehabilitating gravel areas with short-hair sedge sod plugs and fertilizer

Treesearch

Raymond D. Ratliff

1985-01-01

Tests to rehabilitate gravel areas in high value recreation sites were carried out by transplanting short-hair sedge (Carex exserta) plugs. The plugs were 1.9 cm (0.75 inch) and 5.1 cm (2.0 inches) in diameter, 10 cm (4.0 inches) deep, and were transplanted in September 1981, with and without papier-mache pots. The test site was Siberian Outpost, in...

Constructing Artifical Red-Cockaded Woodpecker Cavities

Treesearch

David H. Allen

1991-01-01

A complete guide is provided for excavating red-cockaded woodpecker (Picoides borealis) cavities. A hole 4 inches wide by 10 inches high by 6 inches deep is cut from a live pine(Pinusspp.) tree with a chainsaw, and a prefabricated cavity is inserted. Cavities can be excavated in pines of any age, but the diameter of the tree at the height of insertion must be greater...

Sonic impedance technique detects flaws in polyurethane foam spray-on insulation

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Haralson, H. S.; Haynes, J. L.

1970-01-01

Sonic impedance testing detects voids and unbonded regions as small as 1 inch in diameter by 0.03 inch thick. Measurements are made manually or by automatic scanning and the readout is made by meter or recorder.

Summary of LCRE fuel element design including supporting experimental data

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

None, None

Declassified 18 Sep 1973. The design basis of the LCRE fuel pin is presented. The fuel pin consists of a Cb-1 Zr alloy cladding tube 0.305 inch diameter, 0.015 inch wall thickness and 35.96 inches long. The active fuel section is 13.5 inches long, with top and bottom reflector rods each 6.9 inches long and with a 4 inch gas accumulation space at each end. The cladding is designed as a pressure vessel to contain the gases released from the fuel and end refiector materials, which results in an internal gas pressure buildup in the pins during reactor operation. (23more » referencea) (auth)« less

Development of welded metal bellows having minimum effective diameter change

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Henschel, J. K.; Stevens, J. B.; Harvey, A. C.; Howland, J. S.; Rhee, S. S.

1972-01-01

A program of analysis, design, and fabrication was conducted to develop welded metal bellows having a minimum change in effective diameter for cryogenic turbomachinery face seal applications. Linear analysis of the principle types of bellows provided identification of concepts capable of meeting basic operation requirements. For the 6-inch (.152 m) mean diameter, 1.5-inch free length bellows studied, nonlinear analysis showed that opposed and nested toroidal bellows plates stiffened by means of alternating stiffener rings were capable of maintaining constant effective diameter within 0.3% and 0.1% respectively under the operating conditions of interest. Changes in effective diameter were due principally to bellows axial deflection with pressure differential having a lesser influence. Fabrication problems associated with joining the thin bellows plates to the relatively heavy stiffener rings were encountered and precluded assembly and testing of a bellows core. Fabrication problems are summarized and recommended fabrication methods for future effort are presented.

The Effect of Connecting-passage Diameter on the Performance of a Compression-ignition Engine with a Precombustion Chamber

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Moore, C S; Collins, J H

1932-01-01

Results of motoring tests are presented showing the effect of passage diameter on chamber and cylinder compression pressures, maximum pressure differences, and f.m.e.p. over a speed range from 300 to 1,750 r.p.m. Results of engine performance tests are presented which show the effect of passage diameter on m.e.p., explosion pressures, specific fuel consumption, and rates of pressure rise for a range of engine speeds from 500 to 1,500 r.p.m. The cylinder compression pressure, the maximum pressure difference, and the f.m.e.p. decreased rapidly as the passage diameter increased to 29/64 inch, whereas further increase in passage diameter effected only a slight change. The most suitable passage diameter for good engine performance and operating characteristics was 29/64 inch. Passage diameter became less critical with a decrease in engine speed. Therefore, the design should be based on maximum operating speed. Optimum performance and satisfactory combustion control could not be obtained by means of any single diameter of the connecting passage.

Design and analysis report for the flight weight 20-inch Columbium secondary nozzle for the RL10 engine

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Castro, J. H.

1989-01-01

Pratt & Whitney (P and W) is currently under contract to NASA-LeRC for a multi-year program to evaluate the feasibility of the RL10-IIB/IIC engine models and the various improvements which broaden the engine capabilities and range of applications. The features being evaluated include the operation of the RL10 engine at low thrust levels and/or high mixture ratio levels and the addition of a high area ratio (250:1) translating nozzle to the engine to increase its specific impulse while shortening the installed engine length. The translating nozzle for the RL10-IIB/IIC engine is approximately 55 inches long with an exit plane diameter of 71 inches and an inlet plane diameter of 40 inches. This report documents the design and analysis work done investigating a small subscale Columbium nozzle which could be built and tested to provide findings which then could be incorporated into the high area ratio nozzle final design for the RL10-IIB/IIC engine. This report documents the design and analysis work done investigating a small subscale Columbium nozzle which could be built and tested to provide findings which then could be incorporated into the high area ratio nozzle final design for the RL10-IIB/IIC engine. The length of the subscale nozzle is 20 in.; its exit diameter is 46 in. With the nozzle in the stowed position, an RL10A-3-3A engine system is 70 inches long (Area Ratio = 61:1); with the nozzle deployed the engine length and area ratio are increased to 90 inches and 83:1 respectively. The increase in area ratio provides a calculated increase of 7 + or - 1 second of specific impulse.

Defense Standardization Program Journal. April/September 2012

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-01-01

were magnified. In 1905, a committee of the National Fire Protection Association established a national standard for the diameter and threads per inch...for fire hydrants and hose couplings. The standard specifies that fire hydrants have 2.5-inch hose connections with 7.5 threads per inch and that...dsp.dla.mil I Field of view, lens material haze, luminous transmittance, and lens abrasion resistance (APR) I Communications (APR) I Fogging (APR

Detection of discoloration and decay in living trees and utility poles

Treesearch

Alex L. Shigo; Alex Shigo

1974-01-01

A method is described for detecting discoloration and decay in living trees and creosoted utility poles. The method and devices have come from research involving many people over a seven-year period. A probe was inserted into a 3/32-inch (2.4 mm) diameter hole made by drill bits 8 inches (20.32 cm) and 12 inches (30.48 cm) long mounted in a portable, light-weight,...

Project Waiver of American Iron and Steel Requirements to the Napa Sanitation District for 24-Inch Diameter Butterfly Valves

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

Waiver approval by EPA pursuant to the American Iron and Steel Requirements of the Clean Water Act Section 608 to the Napa Sanitation District in California for the purchase of 24-inch butterfly valves.

Removing Single Limbs Using a Rotary Auger Cutter

Treesearch

Nels S. Christopherson

1984-01-01

An experiment using auger cutters to remove single limbs from six species showed that torque required depends on species and relative cutter rotation direction and that all species require 2 horsepower or less per inch width of cut using 2 1/2-inch-diameter cutters

Propagating plane harmonic waves through finite length plates of variable thickness using finite element techniques

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Clark, J. H.; Kalinowski, A. J.; Wagner, C. A.

1983-01-01

An analysis is given using finite element techniques which addresses the propagaton of a uniform incident pressure wave through a finite diameter axisymmetric tapered plate immersed in a fluid. The approach utilized in developing a finite element solution to this problem is based upon a technique for axisymmetric fluid structure interaction problems. The problem addressed is that of a 10 inch diameter axisymmetric fixed plate totally immersed in a fluid. The plate increases in thickness from approximately 0.01 inches thick at the center to 0.421 inches thick at a radius of 5 inches. Against each face of the tapered plate a cylindrical fluid volume was represented extending five wavelengths off the plate in the axial direction. The outer boundary of the fluid and plate regions were represented as a rigid encasement cylinder as was nearly the case in the physical problem. The primary objective of the analysis is to determine the form of the transmitted pressure distribution on the downstream side of the plate.

Miniature laser ignited bellows motor

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Renfro, Steven L.; Beckman, Tom M.

1994-01-01

A miniature optically ignited actuation device has been demonstrated using a laser diode as an ignition source. This pyrotechnic driven motor provides between 4 and 6 lbs of linear force across a 0.090 inch diameter surface. The physical envelope of the device is 1/2 inch long and 1/8 inch diameter. This unique application of optical energy can be used as a mechanical link in optical arming systems or other applications where low shock actuation is desired and space is limited. An analysis was performed to determine pyrotechnic materials suitable to actuate a bellows device constructed of aluminum or stainless steel. The aluminum bellows was chosen for further development and several candidate pyrotechnics were evaluated. The velocity profile and delivered force were quantified using an non-intrusive optical motion sensor.

Development of advanced high strength tantalum base alloys. Part 1: Screening investigation

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Buckman, R. W., Jr.

1971-01-01

Five experimental tantalum alloy compositions containing 13-18% W+Re+Hf solid solution solute additions with dispersed phase strengthening achieved by carbon or nitrogen additions were prepared as 1.4 inch diameter ingot processed to 3/8 inch diameter rod and evaluated. Elevated temperature tensile and creep strength increased monotonically with increasing solute content. Room temperature elongation decreased for 20% to less than 2% as the solute content was increased above 16%. Phase identification indicated that the precipitating phase in the carbide containing alloys was Ta2C.

46 CFR 151.05-1 - Explanation of column headings in Table 151.05.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... Ethyl ether”). However, the referenced entry is preferred. (b) Cargo identification/pressure. This column identifies cargo in terms of pressure within the tank. Terms used are: (1) Pressurized. Cargo carried at a pressure in excess of 10 pounds per square inch gauge as measured at the top of the tank (i.e...

46 CFR 151.05-1 - Explanation of column headings in Table 151.05.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... Ethyl ether”). However, the referenced entry is preferred. (b) Cargo identification/pressure. This column identifies cargo in terms of pressure within the tank. Terms used are: (1) Pressurized. Cargo carried at a pressure in excess of 10 pounds per square inch gauge as measured at the top of the tank (i.e...

7 CFR 51.1015 - Serious damage.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... diameter; (c) Exanthema (ammoniation) which occurs as small spots over more than 25 percent of the fruit... circle one-half inch in diameter; (g) Sunburn which causes decided flattening of the fruit, marked drying...

7 CFR 51.1015 - Serious damage.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... diameter; (c) Exanthema (ammoniation) which occurs as small spots over more than 25 percent of the fruit... circle one-half inch in diameter; (g) Sunburn which causes decided flattening of the fruit, marked drying...

30 CFR 14.22 - Test for flame resistance of conveyor belts.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... the front of the rails and 1 ± 1/8 inch (2.5 ± 0.3 cm) from the outer lengthwise edge of each rail; (3... holes approximately 9/32 inch (0.7 cm) in diameter along both edges of the belt sample, starting at the first rail hole within 2 inches (5.1 cm) from the front edge of the sample. Make the next hole 5 ± 1/4...

Comparative Evaluation of 4-Inch and 6-Inch Diameter Specimens for Testing Large Stone Asphalt Mixes

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1990-01-01

Increased incidence of premature rutting of heavy duty asphalt pavements has : been experienced in recent years. There is a general agreement among most : asphalt paving technologists that the use of large size stone in the binder and : base courses ...

Tables for predicting the slash weight of shortleaf pine.

Treesearch

Duane R. Freeman; Peter J. Roussopoulos

1983-01-01

The tables provided here estimate crown weights of shortleaf pine (Pinus echinata Mill.) from measurements of diameter (d.b.h) and crown ratio, for both a 3-inch and a 4-inch merchantable top. Crown component fractions for standard fuel size classes are also presented.

49 CFR 238.429 - Safety appliances.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... appliance mechanical strength and fasteners. (1) All handrails, handholds, and sill steps shall be made of 1-inch diameter steel pipe, 5/8-inch thickness steel, or a material of equal or greater mechanical strength. (2) All safety appliances shall be securely fastened to the car body structure with mechanical...

Resistance of Plastics to Outdoor Weathering. Glass Filament Wound Epoxies.

DTIC Science & Technology

This report presents results on the aging and natural weathering of filament-wound, glass -reinforced epoxy resin systems for use as engineering...materials for Army rocket motor cases. Specimens (cylinders 9 inches long and 3 inches in diameter, using either E or S glass with various resin systems

30 CFR 35.20 - Autogenous-ignition temperature test.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

..., EVALUATION, AND APPROVAL OF MINING PRODUCTS FIRE-RESISTANT HYDRAULIC FLUIDS Test Requirements § 35.20... (alundum or equivalent) cylinder 5 inches in internal diameter and 5 inches in height; a transite-ring top... is obtained. (d) Appraisal of test. A fluid shall be considered fire-resistant, according to the test...

30 CFR 35.20 - Autogenous-ignition temperature test.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

..., EVALUATION, AND APPROVAL OF MINING PRODUCTS FIRE-RESISTANT HYDRAULIC FLUIDS Test Requirements § 35.20... (alundum or equivalent) cylinder 5 inches in internal diameter and 5 inches in height; a transite-ring top... is obtained. (d) Appraisal of test. A fluid shall be considered fire-resistant, according to the test...

30 CFR 35.20 - Autogenous-ignition temperature test.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

..., EVALUATION, AND APPROVAL OF MINING PRODUCTS FIRE-RESISTANT HYDRAULIC FLUIDS Test Requirements § 35.20... (alundum or equivalent) cylinder 5 inches in internal diameter and 5 inches in height; a transite-ring top... is obtained. (d) Appraisal of test. A fluid shall be considered fire-resistant, according to the test...

30 CFR 35.20 - Autogenous-ignition temperature test.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

..., EVALUATION, AND APPROVAL OF MINING PRODUCTS FIRE-RESISTANT HYDRAULIC FLUIDS Test Requirements § 35.20... (alundum or equivalent) cylinder 5 inches in internal diameter and 5 inches in height; a transite-ring top... is obtained. (d) Appraisal of test. A fluid shall be considered fire-resistant, according to the test...

High purity low dislocation GaAs single crystals

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Chen, R. T.; Holmes, D. E.; Kirkpatrick, C. G.

1982-01-01

Recent advances in GaAs bulk crystal growth using the LEC (liquid encapsulated Czochralski) technique are described. The dependence of the background impurity concentration and the dislocation density distribution on the materials synthesis and growth conditions were investigated. Background impurity concentrations as low as 4 x 10 to the 15th power were observed in undoped LEC GaAs. The dislocation density in selected regions of individual ingots was very low, below the 3000 cm .3000/sq cm threshold. The average dislocation density over a large annular ring on the wafers fell below the 10000/sq cm level for 3 inch diameter ingots. The diameter control during the program advanced to a diameter variation along a 3 inch ingot less than 2 mm.

Structure and mechanical properties of as-received and heat-treated stainless steel orthodontic wires.

PubMed

Khier, S E; Brantley, W A; Fournelle, R A

1988-03-01

A combination of x-ray diffraction analysis with mechanical testing in tension and bending has been used to investigate the metallurgical structures and mechanical properties for as-received and heat-treated stainless steel orthodontic wires. Two different proprietary wire types were selected, having a wide range in cross-sectional dimensions: 0.016-, 0.030-, and 0.050- or 0.051-inch diameters, and 0.017 X 0.025-inch rectangular specimens. Heat treatments were performed for 10 minutes in air at temperatures of 700 degrees, 900 degrees, and 1100 degrees F. The x-ray diffraction patterns showed that the as-received 0.016-inch diameter and 0.017 X 0.025-inch wires of both proprietary types consisted of a two-phase structure containing a martensitic phase along with the austenitic phase. This duplex structure was converted entirely to austenite with heat treatment for one wire type, but persisted after heat treatment for the other wire type. The largest diameter, 0.050- or 0.051-inch, wires of both types were single-phase austenitic structure for both the as-received and heat-treated conditions. Evidence of substantial preferred crystallographic orientation or texturing in these orthodontic wires was also found by x-ray diffraction. As in our previous studies, the modulus of elasticity in bending was significantly less than the value obtained in tension for only the smaller cross-sectional wires. The 0.05 radian flexural yield strength correlated more closely with the 0.2% offset yield strength in tension than with the yield strength for 0.05% and 0.1% permanent offsets.

The nuclear radiation monitor for the Spacelab/Shuttle

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Fishman, G. J.

1978-01-01

A 5 inch by 5 inch diameter sodium iodide scintillation crystal, viewed by a 5 inch photomultiplier was designed to be mounted near the center of the shuttle payload bay to quantitatively measure the neutron and gamma ray environment during the second Spacelab mission. The expected energy resolution is 8% FWHM at 662 keV. The detector will operate in an energy range from 0.1 to 20 MeV. A charged anticoincidence shield consisting of a 1 cm thick plastic scintillator viewed by three 2 inch photomultiplier tubes, covers the crystal detector which has nearly omnidirectional response.

Treatment of an old-growth stand and its effects on birds, ants, and large woody debris: A case study. Forest Service general technical report

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Bull, E.L.; Torgersen, T.R.; Blumton, A.K.

1995-09-01

An old-structure stand with large amounts of tree mortality was treated to accelerate regeneration and reduce fuel loads but still maintain its function as old growth for selected bird species. The smll-diameter (less than 15 inches in diameter at breast height (d.b.h.)), dead trees were removed as was some of the down wood less than 15 inches in diameter at the large end. All live trees of any size and all dead trees equal to or greater than 15 inches d.b.h. were retained. Vaux`s swifts (Chaetura vauxi) and pileated woodpeckers (Dryocopus pileatus) continued to use the stand after harvest formore » nesting and roosting. Brown-headed cowbirds (molothrus ater) were more than twice as common in the treated stand as in an adjacent unlogged, control stand. In a comparison before and after harvest in the treated stand, the number of logs increased, the number of logs with ants increased, but the percentage of logs with ants decreased.« less

Mathematical solution of the stone column effect on the load bearing capacity and settlement using numerical analysis

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Madun, A.; Meghzili, S. A.; Tajudin, SAA; Yusof, M. F.; Zainalabidin, M. H.; Al-Gheethi, A. A.; Dan, M. F. Md; Ismail, M. A. M.

2018-04-01

The most important application of various geotechnical construction techniques is for ground improvement. Many soil improvement project had been developed due to the ongoing increase in urban and industrial growth and the need for greater access to lands. Stone columns are one of the best effective and feasible techniques for soft clay soil improvement. Stone columns increase the bearing capacity and reduce the settlement of soil. Finite element analyses were performed using the program PLAXIS 2D. An elastic-perfectly plastic constitutive relation, based on the Mohr–Coulomb criterion, governs the soft clay and stone column behaviour. This paper presents on how the response surface methodology (RSM) software is used to optimize the effect of the diameters and lengths of column on the load bearing capacity and settlement of soft clay. Load tests through the numerical modelling using Plaxis 2D were carried out on the loading plate at 66 mm. Stone column load bearing capacity increases with the increasing diameter of the column and settlement decreases with the increasing length of the column. Results revealed that the bigger column diameter, the higher load bearing capacity of soil while the longer column length, the lower settlement of soil. However, the optimum design of stone column was varied with each factor (diameter and length) separately for improvement.

49 CFR 173.12 - Exceptions for shipment of waste materials.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... (IBC) or a UN 11HH2 composite IBC, fitted with a polyethylene liner at least 6 mils (0.006 inches... section or in single packagings authorized for the acid in Column (8B) of the § 172.101 Hazardous... packagings authorized for the material in Column (8B) of the § 172.101 Hazardous Materials Table of this...

49 CFR 173.12 - Exceptions for shipment of waste materials.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... (IBC) or a UN 11HH2 composite IBC, fitted with a polyethylene liner at least 6 mils (0.24 inches) thick... accordance paragraph (b) of this section or in single packagings authorized for the acid in Column (8B) of... this section or in single packagings authorized for the material in Column (8B) of the § 172.101...

49 CFR 173.12 - Exceptions for shipment of waste materials.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... (IBC) or a UN 11HH2 composite IBC, fitted with a polyethylene liner at least 6 mils (0.24 inches) thick... accordance paragraph (b) of this section or in single packagings authorized for the acid in Column (8B) of... this section or in single packagings authorized for the material in Column (8B) of the § 172.101...

49 CFR 173.12 - Exceptions for shipment of waste materials.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... (IBC) or a UN 11HH2 composite IBC, fitted with a polyethylene liner at least 6 mils (0.006 inches... section or in single packagings authorized for the acid in Column (8B) of the § 172.101 Hazardous... packagings authorized for the material in Column (8B) of the § 172.101 Hazardous Materials Table of this...

Feasibility of utilizing small diameter southern pine for biomass in the Virginia Coastal Plain

Treesearch

Nathan C. Hanzelka; M. Chad Bolding; Scott M. Barrett; Jay Sullivan

2016-01-01

New or retrofitted wood-fired energy plants have increased demand for woody biomass in the stateof Virginia. Loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) commonly serves as a feedstock for these energy plants. Pulpwood conventionally requires a minimum diameter of 4 inches diameter at breast height (DBH) for merchantability, whereas a minimum merchantable diameter...

Experimental Investigation of Eccentricity Ratio, Friction, and Oil Flow of Short Journal Bearings

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Dubois, G B; Ocvirk, F W

1952-01-01

An experimental investigation was conducted to obtain performance data on bearings of length-diameter ratios of 1, 1/2, and 1/4 for comparison with theoretical curves. A 1.375-inch-diameter bearing was tested at speeds up to 6000 rpm and with unit loads from 0 to 900 pounds per square inch. Experimental data for eccentricity ratio and friction followed single lines when plotted against a theoretically derived capacity number, which is equal to Sommerfeld number times the square of the length-diameter ratio. The form of the capacity number indicates that under certain conditions the eccentricity ratio is theoretically independent of bearing diameter. A method of plotting oil flow data as a single line is shown. Methods are also discussed for approximating a maximum bearing temperature and evaluating the effect of deflection or misalignment on the eccentricity ratio at the ends of the bearings.

A study of performance and cost improvement potential of the 120 inch (3.05 m) diameter solid rocket motor. Volume 1: Summary report

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Backlund, S. J.; Rossen, J. N.

1971-01-01

A parametric study of ballistic modifications to the 120 inch diameter solid propellant rocket engine which forms part of the Air Force Titan 3 system is presented. 576 separate designs were defined and 24 were selected for detailed analysis. Detailed design descriptions, ballistic performance, and mass property data were prepared for each design. It was determined that a relatively simple change in design parameters could provide a wide range of solid propellant rocket engine ballistic characteristics for future launch vehicle applications.

Method and apparatus for testing microfilaments

DOEpatents

Schleitweiler, Patrick M.; Merten, Jr., Charles W.

1995-08-01

A method and apparatus are disclosed for testing tensile strength of microfilaments. Fibers as small as 0.001 inch in diameter and 0.04 inches in length have been tested, although the method and apparatus of the invention are capable of testing fibers of smaller diameter and length. The invention utilizes a method wherein one or both ends of a microfilament is gripped using resin which is softened sufficiently to accept an end of the microfilament and then allowed to harden. The invention also employs the use of a translation stage capable of controlled three-dimensional movement suited to facilitating gripping of the microfilament.

Explosive shaped charge penetration into tuff rock

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Vigil, M.G.

1988-10-01

Analysis and data for the use of Explosive Shaped Charges (ESC) to generate holes in tuff rock formation is presented. The ESCs evaluated include Conical Shaped Charges (CSC) and Explosive Formed Projectiles (EFP). The CSCs vary in size from 0.158 to 9.1 inches inside cone diameter. The EFPs were 5.0 inches in diameter. Data for projectile impact angles of 30 and 90 degrees are presented. Analytically predicted depth of penetration data generally compared favorably with experimental data. Predicted depth of penetration versus ESC standoff data and hole profile dimensions in tuff are also presented. 24 refs., 45 figs., 6 tabs.

Starting characteristics and combustion performance of magnesium slurry in 6.5-inch-diameter ram-jet engine mounted in connected-pipe facility

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Gibbs, James B

1954-01-01

The starting characteristics and combustion performance of slurry type fuels, consisting of 50 percent magnesium powder in a hydrocarbon carrier, have been investigated in a flight-type, 6.5-inch-diameter ram-jet engine in a connected-pipe facility. Quick, dependable starting of the engine was obtained by the use of a disk which blocked part of the combustor area downstream of the flame holder. Acceptable performance was achieved with a short fuel-air mixing length by the development of a fuel-distribution control sleeve.

77 FR 59374 - Certain Small Diameter Carbon and Alloy Seamless Standard, Line and Pressure Pipe (Under 41/2

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-09-27

... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE International Trade Administration [A-588-851] Certain Small Diameter Carbon and Alloy Seamless Standard, Line and Pressure Pipe (Under 4\\1/2\\ Inches) From Japan: Rescission... antidumping order on certain small diameter carbon and alloy seamless standard, line and pressure pipe (under...

29 CFR 1910.94 - Ventilation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... shot or similar abrasive which may create a slipping hazard. (8) Scope. This paragraph (a) applies to... wheels, the thickness of which is not more than one forty-eighth of their diameter for those up to, and including, 20 inches in diameter, and not more than one-sixtieth of their diameter for those larger than 20...

Growth of electronic materials in microgravity

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Matthiesen, D. H.

1991-01-01

A growth experiment aimed at growing two selenium-doped gallium arsenide crystals, each of which are one inch in diameter and 3.45 inches in length, is described. Emphasis is placed on the effect of microgravity on the segregation behavior of electronic materials. The lessons learned from the 1975 ASTP mission have been incorporated in this experiment.

49 CFR 230.41 - Flexible staybolts with caps.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... staybolts that have telltale holes between 3/16 inch and 7/32 inch in diameter, and which extend the entire... or other suitable method, that the telltale holes are open their entire length. Any leakage from these telltale holes during the hydrostatic test indicates that the bolt is broken and must be replaced...

49 CFR 230.41 - Flexible staybolts with caps.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... staybolts that have telltale holes between 3/16 inch and 7/32 inch in diameter, and which extend the entire... or other suitable method, that the telltale holes are open their entire length. Any leakage from these telltale holes during the hydrostatic test indicates that the bolt is broken and must be replaced...

49 CFR 230.41 - Flexible staybolts with caps.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... staybolts that have telltale holes between 3/16 inch and 7/32 inch in diameter, and which extend the entire... or other suitable method, that the telltale holes are open their entire length. Any leakage from these telltale holes during the hydrostatic test indicates that the bolt is broken and must be replaced...

49 CFR 230.41 - Flexible staybolts with caps.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... staybolts that have telltale holes between 3/16 inch and 7/32 inch in diameter, and which extend the entire... or other suitable method, that the telltale holes are open their entire length. Any leakage from these telltale holes during the hydrostatic test indicates that the bolt is broken and must be replaced...

7 CFR 51.1310 - Sizing.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... package. The number of pears in the box shall not vary more than 3 from the number indicated on the box. (b) When the numerical count is marked on western standard pear boxes the pears shall not vary more than three-eighths inch in their transverse diameter for counts 120 or less; one-fourth inch for counts...

7 CFR 51.1310 - Sizing.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... box shall not vary more than 3 from the number indicated on the box. (b) When the numerical count is marked on western standard pear boxes the pears shall not vary more than three-eighths inch in their transverse diameter for counts 120 or less; one-fourth inch for counts 135 to 180, inclusive; and three...

7 CFR 51.1310 - Sizing.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... box shall not vary more than 3 from the number indicated on the box. (b) When the numerical count is marked on western standard pear boxes the pears shall not vary more than three-eighths inch in their transverse diameter for counts 120 or less; one-fourth inch for counts 135 to 180, inclusive; and three...

7 CFR 51.1269 - Sizing.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... pears in the box shall not vary more than 3 from the number indicated on the box. (b) When the numerical count is marked on western standard pear boxes the pears shall not vary more than three-eighths inch in their transverse diameter for counts 120 or less; one-fourth inch for counts 135 to 180, inclusive; and...

7 CFR 51.1310 - Sizing.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... package. The number of pears in the box shall not vary more than 3 from the number indicated on the box. (b) When the numerical count is marked on western standard pear boxes the pears shall not vary more than three-eighths inch in their transverse diameter for counts 120 or less; one-fourth inch for counts...

7 CFR 51.1269 - Sizing.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... pears in the box shall not vary more than 3 from the number indicated on the box. (b) When the numerical count is marked on western standard pear boxes the pears shall not vary more than three-eighths inch in their transverse diameter for counts 120 or less; one-fourth inch for counts 135 to 180, inclusive; and...

30 CFR 57.13021 - High-pressure hose connections.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false High-pressure hose connections. 57.13021... Air and Boilers § 57.13021 High-pressure hose connections. Except where automatic shutoff valves are...-pressure hose lines of 3/4-inch inside diameter or larger, and between high-pressure hose lines of 3/4-inch...

Local volume tables for Pacific madrone, tanoak, and California black oak in north-central California

Treesearch

Philip M. McDonald

1983-01-01

Local volume tables for Pacific madrone (Arbutus menziesii Pursh), tanoak (Lithocarpus densifiorus [Hook. & Am.] Rehd.), and California black oak (Quercus kelloggii Newb.), developed from data recorded by an optical dendrometer, are presented by 1-inch diameter classes in the range of 3 to 30 inches. Cubic...

Advances in spinel optical quality, size/shape capacity, and applications

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Roy, Donald W.; Martin, Gay G., Jr.

1992-12-01

Polycrystalline MgAl2O4 Spinel, transparent from two hundred nanometers to six microns, offers a unique combination of optical and physical properties. A superior dome and window material with respect to rain and particle erosion, solar radiation, high temperatures and humidity, it is resistant to attack by strong acids, alkali solutions, sea water and jet fuels. Residual microporosity from the powder process used for fabricating Spinel which previously limited the use of Spinel to thin wall thicknesses and small sizes, has been significantly reduced by advanced hot press and hot isostatic press (HIP) technology. It is now possible to manufacture high quality shallow domes up to seven inches in diameter with a two tenths inch thick wall thickness. Eight inch diameter flat windows have been produced for an advanced missile system. Proof of process near hemispherical 8 inch dome blanks have been fabricated. Recent measurements of refractive index, homogeneity, scatter and surface roughness are available for design purposes. Improvement in the optical quality and in size/shape capability along with several successful prototype tests demonstrate that Spinel is ready for inclusion in appropriate production systems.

One vs two primary LOX feedline configuration study for the National Launch System

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Dill, K.; Davis, D.; Bates, R.; Tarwater, R.

1992-01-01

Six single LOX feedline designs were evaluated for use on the National Launch Vehicle. A single feedline design, designated the 'Spider', was chosen and compared to the baseline system. The baseline configuration employs two 20-inch I.D. lines, each supplying LOX to three 650,000 lbf thrust Space Transportation Main Engines. Five single feedline diameters were examined for the spider configuration; 22, 24, 26, 28, and 30-inch I.D. System dry weights and LOX residuals were estimated. These parameters, along with calculated staged mass for the different single line and baseline configurations, were used to calculate the payload mass to orbit. For the cases where LOX is drained to minimum NPSP conditions, none of the single lines performed as well as the dual line system, although the 22-inch diameter single line compared well. However, for the cases where LOX is drained to operating levels (LOX level at the booster and spider manifolds for the dual and single line configurations, respectively), the 22 - 26-inch I.D. single line systems show a greater payload capability.

Miniature Precision Detonator

DTIC Science & Technology

1974-06-01

Detonator Output Characterize the detonator output by the following 2-3.1 Dent Output Test. Test detonators Into steel witness plate to compare dent...Kovar with gold plating . The Insulating seal Is glass. The jead pin Is 0.012 ± 0.001 Inch In diameter by 0.25 Inch long. 3.2.2 Bridge. Detonators... plated for solderablllty. The bottom thickness Is 0.004 ± 0.001 Inch. It would be desirable to have 0.002 to 0.003-lnch-thlck bottom so that the mass

Hydrodynamic flow in capillary-channel fiber columns for liquid chromatography.

PubMed

Stanelle, Rayman D; Sander, Lane C; Marcus, R Kenneth

2005-12-23

The flow characteristics of capillary-channel polymer (C-CP) fiber liquid chromatographic (LC) columns have been investigated. The C-CP fibers are manufactured with eight longitudinal grooves (capillary channels) extending the length of the fibers. Three C-CP fiber examples were studied, with fiber dimensions ranging from approximately 35 microm to 65 microm, and capillary-channel dimensions ranging from approximately 6 microm to 35 microm. The influence of fiber packing density and column inner diameter on peak asymmetry, peak width, and run-to-run reproducibility have been studied for stainless steel LC columns packed with polyester (PET) and polypropylene (PP) C-CP fibers. The van Deemter A-term was evaluated as a function of fiber packing density (approximately 0.3 g/cm(3)-0.75 g/cm(3)) for columns of 4.6 mm inner diameter (i.d.) and at constant packing densities for 1.5 mm, 3.2 mm, 4.6 mm, and 7.7 mm i.d. columns. Although column diameter had little influence on the eluting peak widths, peak asymmetry increased with increasing column diameter. The A-terms for the C-CP fiber packed columns are somewhat larger than current commercial, microparticulate-packed columns, and means for improvement are discussed. Applications in the area of protein (macromolecule) separations appear the most promising at this stage of the system development.

Testing of Flexible Ballutes in Hypersonic Wind Tunnels for Planetary Aerocapture

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Buck, Gregory M.

2007-01-01

Studies were conducted for the In-Space Propulsion (ISP) Ultralightweight Ballute Technology Development Program to increase the technical readiness level of inflatable decelerator systems for planetary aerocapture. The present experimental study was conducted to develop the capability for testing lightweight, flexible materials in hypersonic facilities. The primary objectives were to evaluate advanced polymer film materials in a high-temperature, high-speed flow environment and provide experimental data for comparisons with fluid-structure interaction modeling tools. Experimental testing was conducted in the Langley Aerothermodynamics Laboratory 20-Inch Hypersonic CF4 and 31-Inch Mach 10 Air blowdown wind tunnels. Quantitative flexure measurements were made for 60 degree half angle afterbody-attached ballutes, in which polyimide films (1-mil and 3- mil thick) were clamped between a 1/2-inch diameter disk and a base ring (4-inch and 6-inch diameters). Deflection measurements were made using a parallel light silhouette of the film surface through an existing schlieren optical system. The purpose of this paper is to discuss these results as well as free-flying testing techniques being developed for both an afterbody-attached and trailing toroidal ballute configuration to determine dynamic fluid-structural stability. Methods for measuring polymer film temperature were also explored using both temperature sensitive paints (for up to 370 C) and laser-etched thin-film gages.

Testing of Flexible Ballutes in Hypersonic Wind Tunnels for Planetary Aerocapture

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Buck, Gregory M.

2006-01-01

Studies were conducted for the In-Space Propulsion (ISP) Ultralightweight Ballute Technology Development Program to increase the technical readiness level of inflatable decelerator systems for planetary aerocapture. The present experimental study was conducted to develop the capability for testing lightweight, flexible materials in hypersonic facilities. The primary objectives were to evaluate advanced polymer film materials in a high-temperature, high-speed flow environment and provide experimental data for comparisons with fluid-structure interaction modeling tools. Experimental testing was conducted in the Langley Aerothermodynamics Laboratory 20-Inch Hypersonic CF4 and 31-Inch Mach 10 Air blowdown wind tunnels. Quantitative flexure measurements were made for 60 degree half angle afterbody-attached ballutes, in which polyimide films (1-mil and 3-mil thick) were clamped between a 1/2-inch diameter disk and a base ring (4-inch and 6-inch diameters). Deflection measurements were made using a parallel light silhouette of the film surface through an existing schlieren optical system. The purpose of this paper is to discuss these results as well as free-flying testing techniques being developed for both an afterbody-attached and trailing toroidal ballute configuration to determine dynamic fluid-structural stability. Methods for measuring polymer film temperature were also explored using both temperature sensitive paints (for up to 370 C) and laser-etched thin-film gages.

Advanced Turbulence Modeling Concepts

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Shih, Tsan-Hsing

2005-01-01

The ZCET program developed at NASA Glenn Research Center is to study hydrogen/air injection concepts for aircraft gas turbine engines that meet conventional gas turbine performance levels and provide low levels of harmful NOx emissions. A CFD study for ZCET program has been successfully carried out. It uses the most recently enhanced National combustion code (NCC) to perform CFD simulations for two configurations of hydrogen fuel injectors (GRC- and Sandia-injector). The results can be used to assist experimental studies to provide quick mixing, low emission and high performance fuel injector designs. The work started with the configuration of the single-hole injector. The computational models were taken from the experimental designs. For example, the GRC single-hole injector consists of one air tube (0.78 inches long and 0.265 inches in diameter) and two hydrogen tubes (0.3 inches long and 0.0226 inches in diameter opposed at 180 degree). The hydrogen tubes are located 0.3 inches upstream from the exit of the air element (the inlet location for the combustor). To do the simulation, the single-hole injector is connected to a combustor model (8.16 inches long and 0.5 inches in diameter). The inlet conditions for air and hydrogen elements are defined according to actual experimental designs. Two crossing jets of hydrogen/air are simulated in detail in the injector. The cold flow, reacting flow, flame temperature, combustor pressure and possible flashback phenomena are studied. Two grid resolutions of the numerical model have been adopted. The first computational grid contains 0.52 million elements, the second one contains over 1.3 million elements. The CFD results have shown only about 5% difference between the two grid resolutions. Therefore, the CFD result obtained from the model of 1.3-million grid resolution can be considered as a grid independent numerical solution. Turbulence models built in NCC are consolidated and well tested. They can handle both coarse and fine grids near the wall. They can model the effect of anisotropy of turbulent stresses and the effect of swirling. The chemical reactions of Magnusson model and ILDM method were both used in this study.

Radon monitor wins Healthy House Award

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

du Pont, P.

The winning entry was a system for measuring radon gas in homes. The system, called E-Perm and manufactured by Rad-Elec, Inc. of Germantown, MD, uses a replaceable electret detector, rather than charcoal, to sense the decay of radon. The electret is a Teflon disk about 1.5 inches in diameter that is seated in a canister 3 inches in diameter and 2.5 inches high. In the absence of any outside influences, the electret maintains a constant voltage, making it a type of electrostatic battery. After entering the canister, radon gas decays, giving off high-energy positive ions called alpha particles. The alphamore » particles dissipate their energy within a couple of centimeters of air and produce electrons as they knock into air molecules. The E-Perm system measures the presence of these electrons as a changes in the voltage potential across the electret.« less

Load deflection characteristics and force level of nickel titanium initial archwires.

PubMed

Lombardo, Luca; Marafioti, Matteo; Stefanoni, Filippo; Mollica, Francesco; Siciliani, Giuseppe

2012-05-01

To investigate and compare the characteristics of commonly used types of traditional and heat-activated initial archwire by plotting their load/deflection graphs and quantifying three suitable parameters describing the discharge plateau phase. Forty-eight archwires (22 nickel titanium [NiTi] and 26 heat-activated) of cross-sectional diameter ranging from 0.010 to 0.016 inch were obtained from seven different manufacturers. A modified three-point wire-bending test was performed on three analogous samples of each type of archwire at a constant temperature (37.0°C). For each resulting load/deflection curve, the plateau section was isolated, along with the mean value of the average plateau force, the plateau length, and the plateau slope for each type of wire obtained. Statistically significant differences were found between almost all wires for the three parameters considered. Statistically significant differences were also found between traditional and heat-activated archwires, the latter of which generated longer plateaus and lighter average forces. The increase in average force seen with increasing diameter tended to be rather stable, although some differences were noted between traditional and heat-activated wires. Although great variation was seen in the plateau behavior, heat-activated versions appear to generate lighter forces over greater deflection plateaus. On average, the increase in plateau force was roughly 50% when the diameter was increased by 0.002 inch (from 0.012 to 0.014 and from 0.014 to 0.016 inch) and about 150% when the diameter was increased by 0.004 inch (from 0.012 to 0.016), with differences between traditional and heat-activated wires noted in this case.

Preparatory Study of Photomultiplier Tubes of 10-inch and 3-inch Diameter for KM3NeT Underwater Neutrino Telescope

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Aiello, S.; Giordano, V.; Leonora, E.

Large area photomultipliers are widely used in neutrino and astro-particle detectors to measure Cherenkov light in media like water or ice. The key element of these detectors are the so-called 'optical module', which consists of a photodetector enclosed in a transparent pressure-resistant container to protect it and ensure good light transmission. KM3NeT collaboration aims to construct an underwater 'hybrid' neutrino telescope by using two models detection unit. The 'tower' detection unit will be composed of large area 10-inch photomultipliers tube enclosed into 13-inch glass vessel sphere. In the 'string' detection unit instead, the light detector will be the 'digital opticalmore » module' (DOM) a glass vessel of 17-inch with 31 photomultipliers of 3- inch diameter looking upwards and downwards. The choice of two different kinds of photomultipliers, obliges us to investigate their main characteristics. Noise pulses at the anode of each photomultiplier strongly affect the performance of the detector. A large study was conducted on noise pulses of large area photomultipliers, considering time and charge distributions of dark pulses, pre-pulses, delayed pulses, and after-pulses. The contribution to noise pulses due to the presence of the external glass vessels was also studied. Moreover the presence of the Earth's magnetic field should modify quantities like gain and transit time spread in photomultipliers and we will deeply investigate on this. (authors)« less

76 FR 7815 - Certain Large Diameter Carbon and Alloy Seamless Standard, Line, and Pressure Pipe (Over 41/2

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-02-11

... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE International Trade Administration [A-588-850] Certain Large Diameter Carbon and Alloy Seamless Standard, Line, and Pressure Pipe (Over 4\\1/2\\ Inches) From Japan: Extension of... administrative review of the antidumping duty order on certain large diameter carbon and alloy seamless standard...

Production and cost of harvesting, processing, and transporting small-diameter (< 5 inches) trees for energy

Treesearch

Fei Pan; Han-Sup Han; Leonard R. Johnson; William J. Elliot

2008-01-01

Dense, small-diameter stands generally require thinning from below to improve fire-tolerance. The resulting forest biomass can be used for energy production. The cost of harvesting, processing, and transporting small-diameter trees often exceeds revenues due to high costs associated with harvesting and transportation and low market values for forest biomass....

15 CFR 241.7 - Tolerances to be allowed.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... follows: Tolerance inches Diameter of head 1/4 Effective diameter of head 1/4 Distance between heads 1/4 Circumference of bulge, outside measurement 11/2 Length of stave 1/2 (1) If no dimension of a barrel of Class 1... the effective diameter of head and the distance between heads algebraically and multiply the result by...

15 CFR 241.7 - Tolerances to be allowed.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... follows: Tolerance inches Diameter of head 1/4 Effective diameter of head 1/4 Distance between heads 1/4 Circumference of bulge, outside measurement 11/2 Length of stave 1/2 (1) If no dimension of a barrel of Class 1... the effective diameter of head and the distance between heads algebraically and multiply the result by...

15 CFR 241.7 - Tolerances to be allowed.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... follows: Tolerance inches Diameter of head 1/4 Effective diameter of head 1/4 Distance between heads 1/4 Circumference of bulge, outside measurement 11/2 Length of stave 1/2 (1) If no dimension of a barrel of Class 1... the effective diameter of head and the distance between heads algebraically and multiply the result by...

15 CFR 241.7 - Tolerances to be allowed.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... follows: Tolerance inches Diameter of head 1/4 Effective diameter of head 1/4 Distance between heads 1/4 Circumference of bulge, outside measurement 11/2 Length of stave 1/2 (1) If no dimension of a barrel of Class 1... the effective diameter of head and the distance between heads algebraically and multiply the result by...

Height diameter relations of maple street trees

Treesearch

David J. Nowak

1990-01-01

Height and diameter measurements were taken for silver, sugar and Norway maple street trees in Rochester and Syracuse, New York. Mature silver maples proved to be the tallest of the three species. Average sugar maple height was consistently taller than Norway maple height until diameters reached 28 inches. Average mature tree height for all three species level off in...

Cubic-foot tree volume equations and tables for western juniper.

Treesearch

Judith M. Chittester; Colin D. MacLean

1984-01-01

This note presents cubic-foot volume equations and tables for western juniper (Juniperus occidentalis Hook. ). Total cubicfoot volume (ground to tip, excluding all branches (CVTS)) is expressed as a function of diameter at breast height (DBH) and total height. Utilizable cubic-foot volume (top of 12-inch stump to a 4-inch top, excluding all...

7 CFR 52.774 - Fill of container.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... No. 8 circular sieve of proper diameter containing eight meshes to the inch (0.0937 inch (2.3 mm), ±3 percent, square openings) so as to distribute the product evenly over the sieve. Without shifting the product, incline the sieve at an angle of 17° to 20° to facilitate drainage and allow to drain for two...

7 CFR 52.774 - Fill of container.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... No. 8 circular sieve of proper diameter containing eight meshes to the inch (0.0937 inch (2.3 mm), ±3 percent, square openings) so as to distribute the product evenly over the sieve. Without shifting the product, incline the sieve at an angle of 17° to 20° to facilitate drainage and allow to drain for two...

7 CFR 52.774 - Fill of container.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... No. 8 circular sieve of proper diameter containing eight meshes to the inch (0.0937 inch (2.3 mm), ±3 percent, square openings) so as to distribute the product evenly over the sieve. Without shifting the product, incline the sieve at an angle of 17° to 20° to facilitate drainage and allow to drain for two...

78 FR 66355 - Pleasant Grove City, UT; Notice of Preliminary Determination of a Qualifying Conduit Hydropower...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-11-05

... intake pipe off the existing 12-inch diameter water supply pipeline; (2) a new powerhouse containing one... water into an existing 12-inch water supply pipeline; and (4) appurtenant facilities. The proposed...--Project Blue Energy would utilize Pleasant Grove's water intake pipeline that delivers water to its water...

49 CFR 179.500-7 - Physical tests.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 49 Transportation 3 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Physical tests. 179.500-7 Section 179.500-7... Liquid Tank Car Tanks and Seamless Steel Tanks (Classes DOT-113 and 107A) § 179.500-7 Physical tests. (a) Physical tests shall be made on two test specimens 0.505 inch in diameter within 2-inch gauge length, taken...

7 CFR 810.1602 - Definition of other terms.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... percentage of the stung kernels. (c) Foreign material. All matter that passes through an 8/64 round-hole... inoculants; or by other nontoxic substances. (f) Sieve—8/64 round-hole sieve. A metal sieve 0.032 inch thick perforated with round holes 0.125 (8/64) inch in diameter. (g) Soybeans of other colors. Soybeans that have...

7 CFR 810.1602 - Definition of other terms.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... percentage of the stung kernels. (c) Foreign material. All matter that passes through an 8/64 round-hole... inoculants; or by other nontoxic substances. (f) Sieve—8/64 round-hole sieve. A metal sieve 0.032 inch thick perforated with round holes 0.125 (8/64) inch in diameter. (g) Soybeans of other colors. Soybeans that have...

49 CFR 179.500-7 - Physical tests.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 49 Transportation 3 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Physical tests. 179.500-7 Section 179.500-7... Liquid Tank Car Tanks and Seamless Steel Tanks (Classes DOT-113 and 107A) § 179.500-7 Physical tests. (a) Physical tests shall be made on two test specimens 0.505 inch in diameter within 2-inch gauge length, taken...

49 CFR 179.500-7 - Physical tests.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 49 Transportation 3 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Physical tests. 179.500-7 Section 179.500-7... Liquid Tank Car Tanks and Seamless Steel Tanks (Classes DOT-113 and 107A) § 179.500-7 Physical tests. (a) Physical tests shall be made on two test specimens 0.505 inch in diameter within 2-inch gauge length, taken...

49 CFR 179.500-7 - Physical tests.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 49 Transportation 3 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Physical tests. 179.500-7 Section 179.500-7... Liquid Tank Car Tanks and Seamless Steel Tanks (Classes DOT-113 and 107A) § 179.500-7 Physical tests. (a) Physical tests shall be made on two test specimens 0.505 inch in diameter within 2-inch gauge length, taken...

7 CFR 810.1602 - Definition of other terms.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... percentage of the stung kernels. (c) Foreign material. All matter that passes through an 8/64 round-hole... inoculants; or by other nontoxic substances. (f) Sieve—8/64 round-hole sieve. A metal sieve 0.032 inch thick perforated with round holes 0.125 (8/64) inch in diameter. (g) Soybeans of other colors. Soybeans that have...

7 CFR 810.1602 - Definition of other terms.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... percentage of the stung kernels. (c) Foreign material. All matter that passes through an 8/64 round-hole... inoculants; or by other nontoxic substances. (f) Sieve—8/64 round-hole sieve. A metal sieve 0.032 inch thick perforated with round holes 0.125 (8/64) inch in diameter. (g) Soybeans of other colors. Soybeans that have...

7 CFR 810.1602 - Definition of other terms.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... percentage of the stung kernels. (c) Foreign material. All matter that passes through an 8/64 round-hole... inoculants; or by other nontoxic substances. (f) Sieve—8/64 round-hole sieve. A metal sieve 0.032 inch thick perforated with round holes 0.125 (8/64) inch in diameter. (g) Soybeans of other colors. Soybeans that have...

Converting international ¼ inch tree volume to Doyle

Treesearch

Aaron Holley; John R. Brooks; Stuart A. Moss

2014-01-01

An equation for converting Mesavage and Girard's International ¼ inch tree volumes to the Doyle log rule is presented as a function of tree diameter. Volume error for trees having less than four logs exhibited volume prediction errors within a range of ±10 board feet. In addition, volume prediction error as a percent of actual Doyle tree volume...

27 CFR 555.210 - Construction of type 4 magazines.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... Construction of type 4 magazines. A type 4 magazine is a building, igloo or “Army-type structure”, tunnel... steel hoods constructed so as to prevent sawing or lever action on the locks, hasps, and staples. These... shackle of at least 3/8 inch diameter. Padlocks must be protected with not less than 1/4 inch steel hoods...

75 FR 57864 - Importation of Wooden Handicrafts from China

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-09-23

... handicrafts are under 6 inches in diameter and treated with methyl bromide, they must be treated with heat... requirement that would have required that, unless the wooden handicraft is 6 inches or less and treated with methyl bromide, it must be treated with heat treatment in accordance with Sec. 319.40-7(c) or heat...

Technology Demonstration: Acoustic Condition Assessment of Wastewater Collection Systems

EPA Science Inventory

The overall objective of this demonstration project was to evaluate technologies that are designed for rapid deployment using portable equipment that can result in significant cost-savings to wastewater utilities. Smaller diameter pipes (i.e., less than 12-inch diameter) are gen...

Preliminary Results of British Nene II Engine Altitude-Chamber Performance Investigation. I - Altitude Performance Using Standard 18.75-Inch-Diameter Jet Nozzle. 1; Altitude Performance Using Standard 18.75-Inch-Diameter Jet Nozzle

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Barson, Zelmar; Wilsted, H. D.

1948-01-01

An investigation is being conducted to determine the altitude performance characteristics of the British Nene II engine and its components. The present paper presents the preliminary results obtained using a standard jet nozzle. The test results presented are for conditions simulating altitudes from sea level to 60,000 feet and ram pressure ratios from 1.0 to 2.3. These ram pressure ratios correspond to flight Mach numbers between zero and 1.16 assuming a 100 percent ram recovery.

Data book for 12.5-inch diameter SRB thermal model water flotation test; 1.29 psia, series P022

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Allums, S. L.

1974-01-01

Data acquired from tests conducted to determine how thermal conditions affect SRB (Space Shuttle Solid Rocket Booster) flotation at a scaled pressure of 1.29 psia are presented. Included are acceleration, pressure, and temperature data recorded from initial water impact to final flotation position using a 12.5-inch diameter thermal model of the SRB. Nineteen valid tests were conducted. These thermal tests indicated the following basic differences relative to the ambient temperature and pressure model tests: (1) more water was taken on board during penetration and (2) model flotation/sinking was temperature sensitive.

Method and apparatus for testing microfilaments

DOEpatents

Schleitweiler, P.M.; Merten, C.W. Jr.

1995-08-01

A method and apparatus are disclosed for testing tensile strength of microfilaments. Fibers as small as 0.001 inch in diameter and 0.04 inches in length have been tested, although the method and apparatus of the invention are capable of testing fibers of smaller diameter and length. The invention utilizes a method wherein one or both ends of a microfilament is gripped using resin which is softened sufficiently to accept an end of the microfilament and then allowed to harden. The invention also employs the use of a translation stage capable of controlled three-dimensional movement suited to facilitating gripping of the microfilament. 2 figs.

Summary of model VTOL lift fan tests conducted at NASA Lewis Research Center

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Diedrich, J. H.

1975-01-01

The purpose of the tests was to obtain overall performance and influencing factors as well as detailed measurements of the internal flow characteristics. The first experiment consisted of crossflow tests of a 15-inch diameter fan installed in a two-dimensional wing. Tests were run with and without exit louvers over a range of tunnel speeds, fan speeds, and wing angle of attack. The wing was used for a study of installation effects on lift fan performance. The model tested consisted of three 5.5-inch diameter tip-turbine driven model VTOL lift fans mounted chord-wise in the two-dimensional wing to simulate a pod-type array. Several inlet and exit cover door configurations and an adjacent fuselage panel were tested. For the third program, a pod was attached to the wing, and an investigation was conducted of the effect of design tip speed on the aerodynamic performance and noise of a 15-inch diameter lift fan-in-pod under static and crossflow conditions. Three single VTOL lift fan stages were designed for the same overall total pressure ratio but at three different rotor tip speeds.

Repurposing the Caltech Robinson Hall Coelostat

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Treffers, Richard R.; Loisos, G.; Ubbelohde, M.; Douglas, S.; Martinez, M.

2013-01-01

We describe the repurposing of the historic coelostat atop Caltech’s Robinson Hall for building lighting, public education and scientific research. The coelostat was originally part of George Ellery Hale’s vision of the Astrophysical Laboratory on the Caltech campus in 1932. The coelostat, designed by Russell Porter, has a 36 inch diameter primary mirror a 30 inch diameter secondary mirror and provides a 24 inch un-vignetted beam of sunlight into the building. Although constructed in the 1930s, due to wartime pressures and other projects, it was used only briefly in the 1970s and never fully realized. Recently Robinson Hall has been fully renovated to house the Ronald and Maxine Linde Center for Global Environmental Science. The coelostat operation was modernized replacing the old motors and automating all the motions. Each morning, if the weather cooperates, the dome slit opens, the mirrors configured and sunlight pours into the building. The beam of sunlight is divided into three parts. One part goes into a refracting telescope which projects a ten inch diameter of the sun onto a ground glass screen visible to the public. A second fraction is distributed to fiber optic fixtures that illuminate some of the basement rooms. The final fraction goes into two laboratories where it is used in experiments monitoring trace constituents of our atmosphere and for solar catalysis experiments. The instrument as originally conceived required at least two human operators. Now it is fully automatic and doing real science

Small diameter, deep bore optical inspection system

DOEpatents

Lord, David E.; Petrini, Richard R.; Carter, Gary W.

1981-01-01

An improved rod optic system for inspecting small diameter, deep bores. The system consists of a rod optic system utilizing a curved mirror at the end of the rod lens such that the optical path through the system is bent 90.degree. to minimize optical distortion in examining the sides of a curved bore. The system is particularly useful in the examination of small bores for corrosion, and is capable of examining 1/16 inch diameter and up to 4 inch deep drill holes, for example. The positioning of the curved mirror allows simultaneous viewing from shallow and right angle points of observation of the same artifact (such as corrosion) in the bore hole. The improved rod optic system may be used for direct eye sighting, or in combination with a still camera or a low-light television monitor; particularly low-light color television.

ANFO Cylinder Tests

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Davis, L. L.; Hill, L. G.

2002-07-01

Cylinder test data is reported for commercially available prilled ANFO (ammonium-nitrate/fuel-oil) at 0.93 g/cc density and ambient temperature. The tests were four-inch inner diameter, with wall-thickness and length scaled from the standard one-inch test (0.4 inch and 48 inch, respectively). The wall expansion was measured with a rotating mirror streak camera and the velocity was measured by fine-wire pin switches, in the standard manner. The wall expansion trajectory is much smoother than for conventional explosives, which show a pronounced jump-off with subsequent ring-up. This observation is consistent with a broadened detonation shock in the granular bed. The data is analyzed for equation-of-state information and JWL parameters are given.

ANFO Cylinder Tests

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Davis, Lloyd; Hill, Larry

2001-06-01

Cylinder test data is reported for commercially available prilled ANFO (ammonium nitrate - fuel oil) at ca. 0.93 g/cc density and ambient temperature. The tests were four-inch inner diameter, with wall-thickness and length scaled from the standard one-inch test (0.4 inch and 48 inch, respectively). The wall expansion was measured with a rotating mirror streak camera and the velocity was measured by fine-wire pin switches, in the standard manner. The wall expansion trajectory is much smoother than for conventional explosives, which show a pronounced jump-off with subsequent ring-up. This observation is indicative of an extended reaction zone. The data is analyzed for equation-of-state information and JWL parameters are given.

An Investigation of the Characteristics of Steel Diaphragms for Automatic Fuel-Injection Valves

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Joachim, W F

1926-01-01

This research on steel diaphragms was undertaken at the Langley Memorial Aeronautical Laboratory, as a part of a general investigation on fuel injection engines for aircraft. The work determined the load-deflection, load- deformation and hysteresis characteristics for single diaphragms having thicknesses from 0.00s inch to 0.012 inch, and for similar diaphragms tested in multiple having total thicknesses from 0.012 inch to 0.180 inch. The elastic limit loads and deflections, and rupture points of single diaphragms were also determined. Some work was done on diaphragms having central orifices in order to determine the effect of orifice diameter upon the load deflection characteristics.

AUTOSAW simulations of lumber recovery for small-diameter Douglas-fir and ponderosa pine from southwestern Oregon.

Treesearch

R. James Barbour; Dean L. Parry; John Punches; John Forsman; Robert Ross

2003-01-01

Small-diameter (5- to 10-inch diameter at breast height) Douglas-fi r (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) and ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Dougl. ex Laws) trees were assessed for product potential by diagramming the location, size, and type of knots visible on the wood surface (inside bark) and using the AUTOSAW sawing simulator to evaluate...

76 FR 56678 - Energy Efficiency Program for Consumer Products: Public Meeting and Availability of the Framework...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-09-14

... reflector (ER) and bulged reflector (BR) bulb shapes, and with diameters of 2.75 inches or less. Therefore....25 and 2.75 inches, as well as lamps with ER, BR, bulged parabolic aluminized reflector (BPAR), or... certain reflector (R), ER and BR IRLs. DOE has concluded, for the reasons that follow, that it has the...

7 CFR 51.784 - Classification of defects.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... diameter, caused by scale Aggregating more than 1/3 of the surface, caused by scale. Oil spots Aggregating... surface. Sprouting More than six seeds have sprouts of more than 1/4 inch (6.4 mm) in length, or more than 3 seeds with sprouts over 3/4 inch (19.1 mm) in length More than six seeds have sprouts of more than...

46 CFR 160.062-5 - Markings.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

...″ stainless steel tag of a minimum thickness of 0.032 inches. This tag shall be permanently attached to a hydraulic release with a single stainless steel link made of wire 3/16″ in diameter. This link shall provide... of manufacture with a 2″ by 31/2″ stainless steel tag of a minimum thickness of 0.032 inch. This tag...

46 CFR 160.062-5 - Markings.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

...″ stainless steel tag of a minimum thickness of 0.032 inches. This tag shall be permanently attached to a hydraulic release with a single stainless steel link made of wire 3/16″ in diameter. This link shall provide... of manufacture with a 2″ by 31/2″ stainless steel tag of a minimum thickness of 0.032 inch. This tag...

46 CFR 160.062-5 - Markings.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

...″ stainless steel tag of a minimum thickness of 0.032 inches. This tag shall be permanently attached to a hydraulic release with a single stainless steel link made of wire 3/16″ in diameter. This link shall provide... of manufacture with a 2″ by 31/2″ stainless steel tag of a minimum thickness of 0.032 inch. This tag...

78 FR 72668 - Goodwin Power, LLC; Notice of Preliminary Permit Application Accepted for Filing and Soliciting...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-12-03

... would be located at the existing Goodwin Dam \\1\\ and would harness water that currently flows over the... siphon intake and guard; (2) four 150-foot-long, 48 inch diameter penstocks; (3) four inline turbines and associated generators, each having an installed capacity of 1.24 megawatts; (4) four 48-inch-wide draft tube...

Aerodynamic characteristics of a 0.00563 scale 142-inch diameter solid rocket booster (MSFC model 449 and 480) with side mounted stings in the NASA/MSFC 14-inch trisonic wind tunnel (SA14FA)

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Ramsey, P. E.

1976-01-01

An experimental investigation (SA14FA, TWT 620) was conducted in the MSFC 14-inch Trisonic Wind Tunnel (TWT) to determine the entry static stability of a 0.00563 scale shuttle solid rocket booster (SRB). The primary objective was to determine the effects of four side mounted sting configurations and to improve the definition of the aerodynamic characteristics in the vicinity of the SRB entry trim point. Data were obtained for two 60 and two 90 degree side mounted stings and a straight nose mounted sting. The angle of attack range for the side-mounted stings was 100 to 170 degrees while that for the nose mounted sting was 150 to 170 degrees. The Mach number range consisted of 0.6 to 3.48. Except for the aft attach ring, no protuberances were considered and the side slip and roll angles were zero. The test model was scaled from the 142-inch diameter SRB known as configuration 139 which was used during test TWT 572 (SA5F).

Flow fields of low pressure vent exhausts

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Scialdone, John J.

1990-01-01

The flow field produced by low pressure gas vents are described based on experimental data obtained from tests in a large vacuum chamber. The gas density, pressure, and flux at any location in the flow field are calculated based on the vent plume description and the knowledge of the flow rate and velocity of the venting gas. The same parameters and the column densities along a specified line of sight traversing the plume are also obtained and shown by a computer generated graphical representation. The fields obtained with a radically scanning Pitot probe within the exhausting gas are described by a power of the cosine function, the mass rate, and the distance from the exit port. The field measurements were made for gas at pressures ranging from 2 to 50 torr venting from pipe fittings with diameters to 3/16 to 1-1/2 inches I.D. (4.76 to 38.1 mm). The N2 mass flow rates ranged from 2E-4 to 3.7E-1 g/s.

Modular 3D-Printed Soil Gas Probes

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Good, S. P.; Selker, J. S.; Al-Qqaili, F.; Lopez, M.; Kahel, L.

2016-12-01

ABSTRACT: Extraction of soil gas is required for a variety of applications in earth sciences and environmental engineering. However, commercially available probes can be costly and are typically limited to a single depth. Here, we present the open-source design and lab testing of a soil gas probe with modular capabilities that allow for the vertical stacking of gas extraction points at different depths in the soil column. The probe modules consist of a 3D printed spacer unit and hydrophobic gas permeable membrane made of high density Polyethylene with pore sizes 20-40 microns. Each of the modular spacer units contain both a gas extraction line and gas input line for the dilution of soil gases if needed. These 2-inch diameter probes can be installed in the field quickly with a hand auger and returned to at any frequency to extract soil gas from desired soil depths. The probes are tested through extraction of soil pore water vapors with distinct stable isotope ratios.

Analysis and simulation of industrial distillation processes using a graphical system design model

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Boca, Maria Loredana; Dobra, Remus; Dragos, Pasculescu; Ahmad, Mohammad Ayaz

2016-12-01

The separation column used for experimentations one model can be configured in two ways: one - two columns of different diameters placed one within the other extension, and second way, one column with set diameter [1], [2]. The column separates the carbon isotopes based on the cryogenic distillation of pure carbon monoxide, which is fed at a constant flow rate as a gas through the feeding system [1],[2]. Based on numerical control systems used in virtual instrumentation was done some simulations of the distillation process in order to obtain of the isotope 13C at high concentrations. The experimental installation for cryogenic separation can be configured from the point of view of the separation column in two ways: Cascade - two columns of different diameters and placed one in the extension of the other column, and second one column with a set diameter. It is proposed that this installation is controlled to achieve data using a data acquisition tool and professional software that will process information from the isotopic column based on a logical dedicated algorithm. Classical isotopic column will be controlled automatically, and information about the main parameters will be monitored and properly display using one program. Take in consideration the very-low operating temperature, an efficient thermal isolation vacuum jacket is necessary. Since the "elementary separation ratio" [2] is very close to unity in order to raise the (13C) isotope concentration up to a desired level, a permanent counter current of the liquid-gaseous phases of the carbon monoxide is created by the main elements of the equipment: the boiler in the bottom-side of the column and the condenser in the top-side.

Design and Performance of a 1 ms High-Speed Vision Chip with 3D-Stacked 140 GOPS Column-Parallel PEs †.

PubMed

Nose, Atsushi; Yamazaki, Tomohiro; Katayama, Hironobu; Uehara, Shuji; Kobayashi, Masatsugu; Shida, Sayaka; Odahara, Masaki; Takamiya, Kenichi; Matsumoto, Shizunori; Miyashita, Leo; Watanabe, Yoshihiro; Izawa, Takashi; Muramatsu, Yoshinori; Nitta, Yoshikazu; Ishikawa, Masatoshi

2018-04-24

We have developed a high-speed vision chip using 3D stacking technology to address the increasing demand for high-speed vision chips in diverse applications. The chip comprises a 1/3.2-inch, 1.27 Mpixel, 500 fps (0.31 Mpixel, 1000 fps, 2 × 2 binning) vision chip with 3D-stacked column-parallel Analog-to-Digital Converters (ADCs) and 140 Giga Operation per Second (GOPS) programmable Single Instruction Multiple Data (SIMD) column-parallel PEs for new sensing applications. The 3D-stacked structure and column parallel processing architecture achieve high sensitivity, high resolution, and high-accuracy object positioning.

Estimating past diameters of ponderosa pine in northern California

Treesearch

Robert F. Powers

1969-01-01

Past outside bark diameters (d.o.b.) of ponderosa pine in northern California can be estimated from the relation of bark thickness to stem diameter. An equation for estimating past d.o.b.'s has been developed. The relationship appears to be linear between 1 and 20 inches d.o.b. and differs from ratios reported for the species in other areas. Site quality and crown...

Hybrid propulsion technology program. Volume 1: Conceptional design package

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Jensen, Gordon E.; Holzman, Allen L.; Leisch, Steven O.; Keilbach, Joseph; Parsley, Randy; Humphrey, John

1989-01-01

A concept design study was performed to configure two sizes of hybrid boosters; one which duplicates the advanced shuttle rocket motor vacuum thrust time curve and a smaller, quarter thrust level booster. Two sizes of hybrid boosters were configured for either pump-fed or pressure-fed oxygen feed systems. Performance analyses show improved payload capability relative to a solid propellant booster. Size optimization and fuel safety considerations resulted in a 4.57 m (180 inch) diameter large booster with an inert hydrocarbon fuel. The preferred diameter for the quarter thrust level booster is 2.53 m (96 inches). As part of the design study critical technology issues were identified and a technology acquisition and demonstration plan was formulated.

Pool film boiling from rotating and stationary spheres in liquid nitrogen. [for SSME turbopump ball bearings

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Cuan, Winston M.; Schwartz, Sidney H.

1988-01-01

Results are presented for a preliminary experiment involving a saturated pool boiling at 1 atm from rotating 2 and 3 inch diameter spheres which were immersed in LN2. Additional results are presented for a stationary 2 inch diameter sphere quenched in LN2, which were obtained with a more versatile and complete experimental apparatus. The speed of the rotational tests varied from 0 to 10,000 rpm. The stationary experiments parametrically varied pressure and subcooling levels from 0 to 600 psig and from 0 to 50 F, respectively. During the rotational tests, a high speed photographic analysis was undertaken to measure the thickness of the vapor film surrounding the sphere.

Drone noise

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tinney, Charles; Sirohi, Jayant; University of Texas at Austin Team

2017-11-01

A basic understanding of the noise produced by single and multirotor drones operating at static thrust conditions is presented. This work acts as an extension to previous efforts conducted at The University of Texas at Austin (Tinney et al. 2017, AHS Forum 73). Propeller diameters ranging from 8 inch to 12 inch are examined for configurations comprising an isolated rotor, a quadcopter configuration and a hexacopter configuration, and with a constant drone pitch of 2.25. An azimuthal array of half-inch microphones, placed between 2 and 3 hub-center diameters from the drone center, are used to assess the acoustic near-field. Thrust levels, acquired using a six degree-of-freedom load cell, are then used to correlate acoustic noise levels to aerodynamic performance for each drone configuration. The findings reveal a nearly logarithmic increase in noise with increasing thrust. However, for the same thrust condition, considerable noise reduction is achieved by increasing the number of propeller blades thereby reducing the blade passage frequency and both the thickness and loading noise sources that accompany it.

Scintillation properties of a 2-inch diameter KCa0.8Sr0.2I3:Eu2+ single crystal

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wu, Yuntao; Lindsey, Adam C.; Loyd, Matthew; Stand, Luis; Zhuravleva, Mariya; Koschan, Merry; Melcher, Charles L.

2017-09-01

Inch-sized scintillating crystals are required for practical radiation detectors such as hand-held radio-isotope identification devices. In this work, a transparent and colorless 2-inch diameter KCa0.8Sr0.2I3: 0 . 5 mo% Eu2+ single crystal was grown by the vertical Bridgman method, and the scintillation properties of a ∅ 50 mm × 45 mm long sample were evaluated. The Eu2+ 5d1- 4 f emission under X-ray excitation is centered at 472 nm. Its scintillation decay time under 137 Cs source irradiation is 2 . 37 μs, and the absolute light output is 51,000 ± 3000 photons/MeV. The energy resolution at 662 keV was evaluated for different orientations of the crystals with respect to the PMT, and the effect of 40 K background subtraction on energy resolution was evaluated. The performance of the packaged crystal was also investigated.

Small diameter, deep bore optical inspection system

DOEpatents

Lord, D.E.; Petrini, R.R.; Carter, G.W.

An improved rod optic system for inspecting small diameter, deep bores is described. The system consists of a rod optic system utilizing a curved mirror at the end of the rod lens such that the optical path through the system is bent 90/sup 0/ to minimize optical distortion in examing the sides of a curved bore. The system is particularly useful in the examination of small bores for corrosion, and is capable if examing 1/16 inch diameter and up to 4-inch deep drill holes, for example. The positioning of the curved mirror allows simultaneous viewing from shallow and righ angle points of observation of the same artifact (such as corrosion) in the bore hole. The improved rod optic system may be used for direct eye sighting, or in combination with a still camera or a low-light television monitor; particularly low-light color television.

Cooled High-temperature Radial Turbine Program 2

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Snyder, Philip H.

1991-01-01

The objective of this program was the design and fabrication of a air-cooled high-temperature radial turbine (HTRT) intended for experimental evaluation in a warm turbine test facility at the LeRC. The rotor and vane were designed to be tested as a scaled version (rotor diameter of 14.4 inches diameter) of a 8.021 inch diameter rotor designed to be capable of operating with a rotor inlet temperature (RIT) of 2300 F, a nominal mass flow of 4.56 lbm/sec, a work level of equal or greater than 187 Btu/lbm, and efficiency of 86 percent or greater. The rotor was also evaluated to determine it's feasibility to operate at 2500 F RIT. The rotor design conformed to the rotor blade flow path specified by NASA for compatibility with their test equipment. Fabrication was accomplished on three rotors, a bladeless rotor, a solid rotor, and an air-cooled rotor.

Growth and yield of Giant Sequoia

Treesearch

David J. Dulitz

1986-01-01

Very little information exists concerning growth and yield of giant sequoia (Sequoiadendron giganteum [Lindl.] Buchholz). For old-growth trees, diameter growth is the single factor adding increment since maximum height has been obtained. Diameter growth averages 0.04 inches per year in normal old-growth trees but will fluctuate with changes in the...

Projected economic impacts of a 16-Inch tree cutting cap for ponderosa pine forests within the greater Flagstaff urban-wildlands

Treesearch

Debra Larson; Richard Mirth

2001-01-01

The Grand Canyon Forest Partnership (GCFP), located in Flagstaff, AZ, has implemented a 16-inch diameter breast height cutting cap in the Fort Valley Restoration (Phase One) Project to secure the support of environmental organizations for urban interface forest restoration and fuels reduction projects. This paper provides insights into the economic impacts of this...

Influence of whole-tree harvesting on stand composition and structure in the oak-pine type

Treesearch

James W. McMinn

1989-01-01

Oak-pine stands in the Upper Piedmont of Georgia were harvested with small fellerbunchers in both the dormant season and early growing season to 1 -inch and 4-inch lower diameter limits. After 9 years of natural stand development, both season and intensity of harvesting significantly influenced species composition and stand structure. Areas harvested during the growing...

50 CFR Appendix F to Part 622 - Specifications for Sea Turtle Mitigation Gear and Sea Turtle Handling and Release Requirements

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... covered with protective tubing. A set of two pieces of poly braid rope covered with light duty garden hose... line (400-lb test) or polypropylene multistrand material, known as braided or tarred mainline, and must... m) lengths of poly braid rope (3/8-inch (9.52 mm) diameter suggested), each covered with an 8-inch...

Miniature Flow-Direction/Pitot-Static Pressure Probes

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Ashby, George C., Jr.; Coombs, David S.; Eves, John W.; Price, Howard E.; Vasquez, Peter

1989-01-01

Precision flow-direction/pitot-static pressure probes, ranging from 0.035 to 0.090 inch (0.89 to 2.29 mm) in outside diameter, successfully fabricated and calibrated for use in Langley 20-inch Mach 6 Tunnel. Probes simultaneously measure flow direction and static and pitot pressures in flow fields about configurations in hypersonic flow at temperatures up to 500 degree F (260 degree C).

Fiber lengths in stems and branches of small hardwoods on southern pine sites

Treesearch

F. G. Manwiller

1974-01-01

The 22 species selected for analysis comprise over 95 percent of the hardwood volume occurring on pine sites. Ten trees 6 inch. in diameter at breast height (DBH) of each species were taken from throughout that portion of the species' range occurring in the South. Pie-shaped wedges, removed at 48-inch intervals along the stem and each branch, were combined within...

Fiber lengths in stems and brances of small hardwoods on southern pine sites

Treesearch

Floyd G. Manwiller

1974-01-01

The 22 species selected for analysis comprise over 95 percent of the hardwood volume occurring on pine sites. Ten trees 6 inches in diameter at breast height (DBH) of each species were taken from throughout that portion of the spcies' range occurring in the South. Pie-shaped wedges, removed at 48-inch intervals along the stem and each branch, were combined within...

Erratum: Erratum to: "Numerical simulation of the two-phase flow produced by spraying a liquid by a nozzle"

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Simakov, N. N.

2018-04-01

Page 1010, left column, line 4 from bottom should read "radius R APP" instead of "diameter D APP" Page 1010, right column, before the formula (19) should read " R APP" instead of " D APP" Page 1010, in the caption to Fig. 5 should read "radius R APP" instead of "diameter D APP" Page 1011, in the caption to Fig. 6 should read "radius R APP" instead of "diameter D APP" Page 1011, left column, second paragraph after Fig. 6, line 4 from top should read "radius R APP" instead of "diameter D APP" Page 1011, the same paragraph, lines 1, 2 from bottom, in the expression for Qm and after it should read "radius R APP" instead of "diameter D APP" Page 1011, left column, paragraph 3 after Fig. 6, last two lines should read " R APP =" instead of " D APP =" Page 1011, Fig. 7, the notation on the abscissa axis should read " R APP" instead of " D APP" Page 1011, in the caption to Fig. 7 should read "radius R APP" instead of "diameter D APP" Page 1011, in caption to Fig. 8 should read "for both radii R APP" instead of "for both diameters D APP" Page 1012, in caption to Fig. 9 should read "for both radii R APP" instead of "for both diameters D APP"

ANFO cylinder tests

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Davis, L. L.; Hill, L. G.

2001-01-01

Cylinder test data is reported for commercially available prilled ANFO (ammonium-nitrate/fuel-oil) at 0.93 ,g/cc density and ambient temperature. The tests were four-inch inner diameter, with wall-thickness and length scaled from the standard one-inch test (0.4 inch and 48 inch, respectively). The wall expansion was measured with a rotating mirror streak camera and the velocity was measured by fine-wire pin switches, in the standard manner. The wall expansion trajectory is much smoother than for conventional explosives, which show a pronounced jump-off with subs uent ring-up. This observation is consistent with a broadened detohation shock in the granular bed. ?he data ismore » analyzed for equation-of-state information and JWL parameters are given.« less

Darcy Permeability of Hollow Fiber Bundles Used in Blood Oxygenation Devices

PubMed Central

Pacella, Heather E.; Eash, Heidi J.; Federspiel, William J.

2011-01-01

Many industrial and biomedical devices (e.g. blood oxygenators and artificial lungs) use bundles of hollow fiber membranes for separation processes. Analyses of flow and mass transport within the shell-side of the fiber bundles most often model the bundle for simplicity as a packed bed or porous media, using a Darcy permeability coefficient estimated from the Blake-Kozeny equation to account for viscous drag from the fibers. In this study, we developed a simple method for measuring the Darcy permeability of hollow fiber membrane bundles and evaluated how well the Blake-Kozeny (BK) equation predicted the Darcy permeability for these bundles. Fiber bundles were fabricated from commercially available Celgard® ×30-240 fiber fabric (300 μm outer diameter fibers @ 35 and 54 fibers/inch) and from a fiber fabric with 193 μm fibers (61 fibers/inch). The fiber bundles were mounted to the bottom of an acrylic tube and Darcy permeability was determined by measuring the elapsed time for a column of glycerol solution to flow through a fiber bundle. The ratio of the measured Darcy permeability to that predicted from the BK equation varied from 1.09 to 0.56. A comprehensive literature review suggested a modified BK equation with the “constant” correlated to porosity. This modification improved the predictions of the BK equation, with the ratio of measured to predicted permeability varying from 1.13 to 0.84. PMID:22927706

Growth of second stage mineral in Lytechinus variegatus.

PubMed

Stock, S R; Seto, Jong; Deymier, A C; Rack, A; Veis, A

2017-10-30

Purpose and Aims: Sea urchin teeth consist of calcite and form in two stages with different magnesium contents. The first stage structures of independently formed plates and needle-prisms define the shape of the tooth, and the columns of the second stage mineral cements the first stage structures together and control the fracture behavior of the mature tooth. This study investigates the nucleation and growth of the second stage mineral. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and synchrotron microComputed Tomography characterized the structures of the second phase material found in developing of Lytechinus variegatus teeth. Although the column development is a continuous process, defining four phases of column formation captures the changes that occur in teeth of L. variegatus. The earliest phase consists of small 1-2 µm diameter hemispheres, and the second of 5-10 µm diameter, mound-like structures with a nodular surface, develops from the hemispheres. The mounds eventually bridge the syncytium between adjacent plates and form hyperboloid structures (phase three) that appear like mesas when plates separate during the fracture. The mesa diameter increases with time until the column diameter is significantly larger than its height, defining the fourth phase of column development. Energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy confirms that the columns contain more magnesium than the underlying plates; the ratios of magnesium to calcium are consistent with compositions derived from x-ray diffraction. Columns grow from both bounding plates. The presence of first phase columns interspersed among third stage mesas indicates very localized control of mineralization.

Liquid film on a circular plate formed by a droplet train impingement

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sanada, Toshiyuki; Yamamoto, Shoya

2017-11-01

Droplet impingement phenomena are found in the wide variety of industrial processes, however the detail of liquid film structure formed by the continuous impact of droplets is not clarified. In this study, we experimentally investigated behavior of liquid film which was formed by a droplet train impact. Especially, we focus on the diameter of hydraulic jump formed on a circular plate. The effects of nozzle diameter, liquid surface tension and liquid flow rate on the jump diameter were investigated. In addition, we compared the liquid film by the droplet train impact with that by a liquid column impact. As a result, the hydraulic jump was observed under the smaller water flow rate condition compare to the liquid column impact. And the jump diameters for the case of droplet train impact were greater than that of liquid column impact. However, the jump diameters for the small surface tension liquid for the case of droplet train impact were smaller than that of liquid column impact. We consider that this phenomenon is related to both high speed lateral flow after droplet impact and splash formation. In addition, the liquid film heights after hydraulic jump on a small circular plate were sensitive to either the droplet train impact or liquid column impact.

CFD-DEM modeling the effect of column size and bed height on minimum fluidization velocity in micro fluidized beds with Geldart B particles

DOE PAGES

Xu, Yupeng; Li, Tingwen; Musser, Jordan; ...

2017-06-07

The fluidization behavior of Geldart B particles in micro fluidized beds is investigated numerically using Computational Fluid Dynamics coupled with Discrete Element Method (CFD-DEM) available in the open-source Multiphase Flow with Interphase eXchanges (MFIX) code. The effects of different bed inner diameters (D) of 8 mm, 12 mm, 16 mm and various initial static bed heights (H) were examined. It is found that both decreasing the column diameter and increasing the bed height in a micro fluidized bed increases the minimum fluidization velocity (Umf). The observed overshoot in pressure drop that occurs before the onset of fluidization decreases in magnitudemore » with increasing column diameter, however there is less sensitivity to bed height. Overall, the numerical results agree qualitatively with existing theoretical correlations and experimental studies. The simulations show that both column diameter and particle-wall friction contribute to the variation in minimum fluidization velocity. Finally, these two factors are coupled and hard to separate. The detailed influences of wall friction on minimum fluidization velocity are then investigated for a prescribed column diameter of 8 mm by varying the wall friction from 0 to 0.4.« less

CFD-DEM modeling the effect of column size and bed height on minimum fluidization velocity in micro fluidized beds with Geldart B particles

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Xu, Yupeng; Li, Tingwen; Musser, Jordan

The fluidization behavior of Geldart B particles in micro fluidized beds is investigated numerically using Computational Fluid Dynamics coupled with Discrete Element Method (CFD-DEM) available in the open-source Multiphase Flow with Interphase eXchanges (MFIX) code. The effects of different bed inner diameters (D) of 8 mm, 12 mm, 16 mm and various initial static bed heights (H) were examined. It is found that both decreasing the column diameter and increasing the bed height in a micro fluidized bed increases the minimum fluidization velocity (Umf). The observed overshoot in pressure drop that occurs before the onset of fluidization decreases in magnitudemore » with increasing column diameter, however there is less sensitivity to bed height. Overall, the numerical results agree qualitatively with existing theoretical correlations and experimental studies. The simulations show that both column diameter and particle-wall friction contribute to the variation in minimum fluidization velocity. Finally, these two factors are coupled and hard to separate. The detailed influences of wall friction on minimum fluidization velocity are then investigated for a prescribed column diameter of 8 mm by varying the wall friction from 0 to 0.4.« less

Engineering evaluation of 55-year-old timber columns recycled from an industrial military building

Treesearch

Robert H. Falk; David Green; Douglas Rammer; Scott F. Lantz

2000-01-01

A large sample of timber was collected from a 548,000-ft.2 (50,900-m2) World War II era industrial military building containing approximately 1, 875,000 board feet (4,400 m3) of lumber and timber. Sixty 12-foot- (3.6-m-) long, nominal 8- by 8-inches (190-by 190-mm) Douglas-fir columns were tested at the USDA Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, and the results...

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Rigali, Mark J.; Pye, Steven; Hardin, Ernest

This study considers the feasibility of large diameter deep boreholes for waste disposal. The conceptual approach considers examples of deep large diameter boreholes that have been successfully drilled, and also other deep borehole designs proposed in the literature. The objective for large diameter boreholes would be disposal of waste packages with diameters of 22 to 29 inches, which could enable disposal of waste forms such as existing vitrified high level waste. A large-diameter deep borehole design option would also be amenable to other waste forms including calcine waste, treated Na-bonded and Na-bearing waste, and Cs and Sr capsules.

Transient Heat Transfer in TCAP Coils

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Steimke, J.L.

1999-03-09

The Thermal Cycling Absorption Process (TCAP) is used to separate isotopes of hydrogen. TCAP involves passing a stream of mixed hydrogen isotopes through palladium deposited on kieselguhr (Pd/k) while cycling the temperature of the Pd/k. Kieselguhr is a silica mineral also called diatomite. To aid in the design of a full scale facility, the Thermal Fluids Laboratory was used by the Chemical and Hydrogen Technology Section to compare the heat transfer properties of three different configurations of stainless steel coils containing kieselguhr and helium. Testing of coils containing Pd/k and hydrogen isotopes would have been more prototypical but would havemore » been too expensive. Three stainless steel coils filled with kieselguhr were tested; one made from 2.0 inch diameter tubing, one made from 2.0 inch diameter tubing with foam copper embedded in the kieselguhr and one made from 1.25 inch diameter tubing. It was known prior to testing that increasing the tubing diameter from 1.25 inch to 2.0 inch would slow the rate of temperature change. The primary purpose of the testing was to measure to what extent the presence of copper foam in a 2.0" tubing coil would compensate for the effect of larger diameter. Each coil was connected to a pressure gage and the coil was evacuated and backfilled with helium gas. Helium was used instead of a mixture of hydrogen isotopes for reasons of safety. Each coil was quickly immersed in a stirred bath of ethylene glycol at a temperature of approximately 100 degrees Celsius. The coil pressure increased, reflecting the increase in average temperature of its contents. The pressure transient was recored as a function of time after immersion. Because of the actual process will use Pd/k instead of kieselguhr, additional tests were run to determine the differences in thermal properties between the two materials. The method was to position a thermocouple at the center of a hollow sphere and pack the sphere with Pd/k. The sphere was sealed, quickly submerged in a bath of boiling water and the temperature transient was recorded. There sphere was then opened, the Pd/k was replaced with kieselguhr and the transient was repeated. The response was a factor of 1.4 faster for Pd/k than for kieselguhr, implying a thermal diffusivity approximately 40 percent higher than for kieselguhr. Another implication is that the transient tests with the coils would have proceeded faster if the coils had been filled with Pd/k rather than kieselguhr.« less

Transient Heat Transfer in TCAP Coils

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Steimke, J.L.

1999-03-09

The Thermal Cycling Absorption Process (TCAP) is used to separate isotopes of hydrogen. TCAP involves passing a stream of mixed hydrogen isotopes through palladium deposited on kieselguhr (Pd/k) while cycling the temperature of the Pd/k. Kieselguhr is a silica mineral also called diatomite. To aid in the design of a full scale facility, the Thermal Fluids Laboratory was used by the Chemical and Hydrogen Technology Section to compare the heat transfer properties of three different configurations of stainless steel coils containing kieselguhr and helium. Testing of coils containing Pd/k and hydrogen isotopes would have been more prototypical but would havemore » been too expensive. Three stainless steel coils filled with kieselguhr were tested; one made from 2.0 inch diameter tubing, one made from 2.0 inch diameter tubing with foam copper embedded in the kieselguhr and one made from 1.25 inch diameter tubing. It was known prior to testing that increasing the tubing diameter from 1.25 inch to 2.0 inch would slow the rate of temperature change. The primary purpose of the testing was to measure to what extent the presence of copper foam in a 2.0 tubing coil would compensate for the effect of larger diameter. Each coil was connected to a pressure gage and the coil was evacuated and backfilled with helium gas. Helium was used instead of a mixture of hydrogen isotopes for reasons of safety. Each coil was quickly immersed in a stirred bath of ethylene glycol at a temperature of approximately 100 degrees Celsius. The coil pressure increased, reflecting the increase in average temperature of its contents. The pressure transient was recored as a function of time after immersion. Because of the actual process will use Pd/k instead of kieselguhr, additional tests were run to determine the differences in thermal properties between the two materials. The method was to position a thermocouple at the center of a hollow sphere and pack the sphere with Pd/k. The sphere was sealed, quickly submerged in a bath of boiling water and the temperature transient was recorded. There sphere was then opened, the Pd/k was replaced with kieselguhr and the transient was repeated. The response was a factor of 1.4 faster for Pd/k than for kieselguhr, implying a thermal diffusivity approximately 40 percent higher than for kieselguhr. Another implication is that the transient tests with the coils would have proceeded faster if the coils had been filled with Pd/k rather than kieselguhr.« less

High efficiency CsI(Tl)/HgI{sub 2} gamma ray spectrometers

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Wang, Y.J.; Patt, B.E.; Iwanczyk, J.S.

CsI(Tl)/HgI{sub 2} gamma-ray spectrometers have been constructed using 0.5 inch diameter detectors which show excellent energy resolution: 4.58% FWHM for 662 keV {sup 137}Cs gamma-ray photons. Further efforts have been focused on optimization of larger size ({ge} 1 inch diameter) detector structures and improvement of low noise electronics. In order to take full advantage of scintillation detectors for high energy gamma-rays, larger scintillators are always preferred for their higher detection efficiencies. However, the larger capacitance and higher dark current caused by the larger size of the detector could result in a higher FWHM resolution. Also, the increased probability of includingmore » nonuniformities in larger pieces of crystals makes it more difficult to obtain the high resolutions one obtains from small detectors. Thus for very large volume scintillators, it may be necessary to employ a photodiode (PD) with a sensitive area smaller than the cross-section of the scintillator. Monte Carlo simulations of the light collection for various tapered scintillator/PD configuration were performed in order to find those geometries which resulted in the best light collection. According to the simulation results, scintillators with the most favorable geometry, the conical frustum, have been fabricated and evaluated. The response of a large conical frustum (top-2 inch, bottom-1 inch, 2 inch high) CsI(Tl) scintillator coupled with a 1 inch HgI{sub 2} PD was measured. The energy resolution of the 662 keV peak was 5.57%. The spectrum shows much higher detection efficiency than those from smaller scintillators, i.e., much higher peak-to-Compton ratio in the spectrum.« less

National Defense Center of Excellence for Research in Ocean Sciences

DTIC Science & Technology

1999-09-01

independent of frequency and range. As a consequence, lower operating frequencies (lower absorption ) can be used in an SAS to increase range or to...Reed Army hospital in Washington to review research methods and results. The discovery of new antibacterial substances from marine algae provides at...AUV application with measurements of 21 inches diameter and 40 inches long. Next, various manufacturing methods were studied for effectiveness and

49 CFR 178.358-2 - Materials of construction and other requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... any joint in the shell. (e) Vent holes 5 mm (0.2-inch) diameter must be drilled in the outer shell to... Society Codes B-3.0 and D-1.0 (IBR, see § 171.7 of this subchapter). Body seams and joints for the liner... 14 cm (5.5-inch) minimum thickness of foam must be provided over the entire liner except where: (1...

Fabrication of Pd-Cr wire

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Diamond, Sidney; Leach, Dennen M.

1989-01-01

Fabrication of Pd-13 percent Cr alloy wires is described. Melting, casting, swaging and annealing processes are discussed. Drawing to reach two diameters (0.003 inch and 0.00176 inch) of wire is described. Representative micrographs of the Pd-Cr alloy at selected stages during wire fabrication are included. The resistance of the wire was somewhat lower, by about 15 to 20 percent, than comparable wire of other alloys used for strain gages.

Individual-tree Green Weight Equations for Loblolly Pine (Pinus taeda L.) Sawtimber in the Coastal Plain of Arkansas

Treesearch

Travis E. Posey; Paul F. Doruska; David W. Patterson

2005-01-01

Loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) weight equations were developed to predict outside-bark, green bole weight to a 4-inch diameter-inside-bark (dib) top and an 8-inch dib top in southeast Arkansas. Trees were sampled from 8 different tracts over the first half of 2002: 4 tracts during winter and spring, respectively. The sampled trees ranged from 10 to...

PLIF Visualization of Active Control of Hypersonic Boundary Layers Using Blowing

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Bathel, Brett F.; Danehy, Paul M.; Inman, Jennifer A.; Alderfer, David W.; Berry, Scott A.

2008-01-01

Planar laser-induced fluorescence (PLIF) imaging was used to visualize the boundary layer flow on a 1/3-scale Hyper-X forebody model. The boundary layer was perturbed by blowing out of orifices normal to the model surface. Two blowing orifice configurations were used: a spanwise row of 17-holes spaced at 1/8 inch, with diameters of 0.020 inches and a single-hole orifice with a diameter of 0.010 inches. The purpose of the study was to visualize and identify laminar and turbulent structures in the boundary layer and to make comparisons with previous phosphor thermography measurements of surface heating. Jet penetration and its influence on the boundary layer development was also examined as was the effect of a compression corner on downstream boundary layer transition. Based upon the acquired PLIF images, it was determined that global surface heating measurements obtained using the phosphor thermography technique provide an incomplete indicator of transitional and turbulent behavior of the corresponding boundary layer flow. Additionally, the PLIF images show a significant contribution towards transition from instabilities originating from the underexpanded jets. For this experiment, a nitric oxide/nitrogen mixture was seeded through the orifices, with nitric oxide (NO) serving as the fluorescing gas. The experiment was performed in the 31-inch Mach 10 Air Tunnel at NASA Langley Research Center.

7 CFR 51.308 - Methods of sampling and calculation of percentages.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

..., CERTIFICATION, AND STANDARDS) United States Standards for Grades of Apples Methods of Sampling and Calculation... where the minimum diameter of the smallest apple does not vary more than 1/2 inch from the minimum diameter of the largest apple, percentages shall be calculated on the basis of count. (b) In all other...

7 CFR 51.308 - Methods of sampling and calculation of percentages.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

..., CERTIFICATION, AND STANDARDS) United States Standards for Grades of Apples Methods of Sampling and Calculation... where the minimum diameter of the smallest apple does not vary more than 1/2 inch from the minimum diameter of the largest apple, percentages shall be calculated on the basis of count. (b) In all other...

7 CFR 51.308 - Methods of sampling and calculation of percentages.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

..., CERTIFICATION, AND STANDARDS) United States Standards for Grades of Apples Methods of Sampling and Calculation... where the minimum diameter of the smallest apple does not vary more than 1/2 inch from the minimum diameter of the largest apple, percentages shall be calculated on the basis of count. (b) In all other...

50 CFR 665.265 - Size restrictions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... measurement taken from its base to its most distal extremity. The stem diameter of a living coral specimen shall be determined by measuring the greatest diameter of the stem at a point no less than 1 inch (2.54... black coral harvested from any precious coral permit area must have attained either a minimum stem...

50 CFR 665.165 - Size restrictions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... measurement taken from its base to its most distal extremity. The stem diameter of a living coral specimen shall be determined by measuring the greatest diameter of the stem at a point no less than 1 inch (2.54... black coral harvested from any precious coral permit area must have attained either a minimum stem...

50 CFR 665.465 - Size restrictions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... measurement taken from its base to its most distal extremity. The stem diameter of a living coral specimen shall be determined by measuring the greatest diameter of the stem at a point no less than 1 inch (2.54... black coral harvested from any precious coral permit area must have attained either a minimum stem...

50 CFR 665.665 - Size restrictions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... line measurement taken from its base to its most distal extremity. The stem diameter of a living coral specimen shall be determined by measuring the greatest diameter of the stem at a point no less than 1 inch.... Live black coral harvested from any precious coral permit area must have attained either a minimum stem...

50 CFR 665.665 - Size restrictions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... measurement taken from its base to its most distal extremity. The stem diameter of a living coral specimen shall be determined by measuring the greatest diameter of the stem at a point no less than 1 inch (2.54... black coral harvested from any precious coral permit area must have attained either a minimum stem...

50 CFR 665.265 - Size restrictions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... measurement taken from its base to its most distal extremity. The stem diameter of a living coral specimen shall be determined by measuring the greatest diameter of the stem at a point no less than 1 inch (2.54... black coral harvested from any precious coral permit area must have attained either a minimum stem...

50 CFR 665.465 - Size restrictions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... measurement taken from its base to its most distal extremity. The stem diameter of a living coral specimen shall be determined by measuring the greatest diameter of the stem at a point no less than 1 inch (2.54... black coral harvested from any precious coral permit area must have attained either a minimum stem...

50 CFR 665.165 - Size restrictions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... measurement taken from its base to its most distal extremity. The stem diameter of a living coral specimen shall be determined by measuring the greatest diameter of the stem at a point no less than 1 inch (2.54... black coral harvested from any precious coral permit area must have attained either a minimum stem...

50 CFR 665.165 - Size restrictions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... measurement taken from its base to its most distal extremity. The stem diameter of a living coral specimen shall be determined by measuring the greatest diameter of the stem at a point no less than 1 inch (2.54... black coral harvested from any precious coral permit area must have attained either a minimum stem...

50 CFR 665.265 - Size restrictions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... measurement taken from its base to its most distal extremity. The stem diameter of a living coral specimen shall be determined by measuring the greatest diameter of the stem at a point no less than 1 inch (2.54... black coral harvested from any precious coral permit area must have attained either a minimum stem...

50 CFR 665.265 - Size restrictions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... measurement taken from its base to its most distal extremity. The stem diameter of a living coral specimen shall be determined by measuring the greatest diameter of the stem at a point no less than 1 inch (2.54... black coral harvested from any precious coral permit area must have attained either a minimum stem...

50 CFR 665.465 - Size restrictions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... measurement taken from its base to its most distal extremity. The stem diameter of a living coral specimen shall be determined by measuring the greatest diameter of the stem at a point no less than 1 inch (2.54... black coral harvested from any precious coral permit area must have attained either a minimum stem...

50 CFR 665.165 - Size restrictions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... measurement taken from its base to its most distal extremity. The stem diameter of a living coral specimen shall be determined by measuring the greatest diameter of the stem at a point no less than 1 inch (2.54... black coral harvested from any precious coral permit area must have attained either a minimum stem...

50 CFR 665.665 - Size restrictions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... line measurement taken from its base to its most distal extremity. The stem diameter of a living coral specimen shall be determined by measuring the greatest diameter of the stem at a point no less than 1 inch.... Live black coral harvested from any precious coral permit area must have attained either a minimum stem...

50 CFR 665.665 - Size restrictions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... line measurement taken from its base to its most distal extremity. The stem diameter of a living coral specimen shall be determined by measuring the greatest diameter of the stem at a point no less than 1 inch.... Live black coral harvested from any precious coral permit area must have attained either a minimum stem...

50 CFR 665.465 - Size restrictions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... measurement taken from its base to its most distal extremity. The stem diameter of a living coral specimen shall be determined by measuring the greatest diameter of the stem at a point no less than 1 inch (2.54... black coral harvested from any precious coral permit area must have attained either a minimum stem...

50 CFR 665.465 - Size restrictions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... measurement taken from its base to its most distal extremity. The stem diameter of a living coral specimen shall be determined by measuring the greatest diameter of the stem at a point no less than 1 inch (2.54... black coral harvested from any precious coral permit area must have attained either a minimum stem...

50 CFR 665.665 - Size restrictions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... line measurement taken from its base to its most distal extremity. The stem diameter of a living coral specimen shall be determined by measuring the greatest diameter of the stem at a point no less than 1 inch.... Live black coral harvested from any precious coral permit area must have attained either a minimum stem...

Reactor

DOEpatents

Evans, Robert M.

1976-10-05

1. A neutronic reactor having a moderator, coolant tubes traversing the moderator from an inlet end to an outlet end, bodies of material fissionable by neutrons of thermal energy disposed within the coolant tubes, and means for circulating water through said coolant tubes characterized by the improved construction wherein the coolant tubes are constructed of aluminum having an outer diameter of 1.729 inches and a wall thickness of 0.059 inch, and the means for circulating a liquid coolant through the tubes includes a source of water at a pressure of approximately 350 pounds per square inch connected to the inlet end of the tubes, and said construction including a pressure reducing orifice disposed at the inlet ends of the tubes reducing the pressure of the water by approximately 150 pounds per square inch.

History of water-column anoxia in the Black Sea indicated by pyrite framboid size distributions

USGS Publications Warehouse

Wilkin, R.T.; Arthur, M.A.; Dean, W.E.

1997-01-01

A detailed study of size distributions of framboidal pyrite in Holocene Black Sea sediments establishes the timing of a change from deposition under an oxic water column to deposition under an anoxic and sulfidic water column. In the most recent carbonate-rich sediments (Unit I) and in the organic carbon-rich sapropel (Unit II), framboid size distributions are remarkably uniform (mean diameter= 5 ??m); over 95% of the framboids in Unit I and Unit II are < 7 ??m in diameter. These properties of framboidal pyrite are consistent with framboid nucleation and growth within an anoxic and sulfidic water column, followed by transport to the sediment-water interface, cessation of pyrite growth due to the exhaustion of reactive iron, and subsequent burial. In contrast, the organic carbon-poor sediments of lacustrine Unit III contain pyrite framboids that are generally much larger in size (mean diameter = 10 ??m). In Unit III, over 95% of the framboids are < 25 ??m in diameter, 40% of framboids are between 7 ??m and 25 ??m, and framboids up to 50 ??m in diameter are present. This distribution of sizes suggests framboid nucleation and growth within anoxic sediment porewaters. These new data on size distributions of framboidal pyrite confirm that the development of water-column anoxia in the Black Sea coincided with the initiation of deposition of laminated Unit II sapropels.

Inspection of Objects Retrieved from the Deep Ocean - AUTEC Acoustic Array

DTIC Science & Technology

1976-02-01

were stalactite like rust tubercules . These tubercules were up to 8 inches long and 2 inchus in diameter. Their hard outer skins (1/4- inch thick...covered softer and often fluid interiors. After several hours exposure to the air the tubercules became brittle and crumbled. The interior portions of the...tubular steel members which showed these tubercules were uniformly corroded. The aluminum sections of the tracking arm assembly were heavily corroded

Engineering and Design: Indoor Radon Prevention and Mitigation

DTIC Science & Technology

1993-09-15

slabs on grade, capillary water barrier below floor slabs on grade, dampproofing or waterproofing and protection board on below grade walls, sealants in...will be lapped 12 inches and sealed with adhesives or pressure sensitive tape and sealed at foundation walls with mastic. Capillary water barrier will...Systems, Letter Codes B, C, and D. Sub- slab suction systems consist of 4 inch diameter perforated PVC pipe laid in the capillary water barrier below floor

A graphical automated detection system to locate hardwood log surface defects using high-resolution three-dimensional laser scan data

Treesearch

Liya Thomas; R. Edward Thomas

2011-01-01

We have developed an automated defect detection system and a state-of-the-art Graphic User Interface (GUI) for hardwood logs. The algorithm identifies defects at least 0.5 inch high and at least 3 inches in diameter on barked hardwood log and stem surfaces. To summarize defect features and to build a knowledge base, hundreds of defects were measured, photographed, and...

Heat Treatment Investigation of 4330 Vanadium-Modified Steel

DTIC Science & Technology

1989-08-01

the desired properties, using the results from the tensile and subsized Charpy impact tests on the 1 2-inch-diameter stock our further investigations...for the subsized Charpy specimens is shown graphically in Appendix C as a function of tempering temperature. This data gave a good indication that the... Charpy energy for full-sized specimens (0.394-inch-square cross section) would be near our expected values. Due to the dimensions of the subsized

Muller Mixer Fire - Lessons Learned

DTIC Science & Technology

1986-08-01

wheel National Engineering stainless steel Special Simpson Porto Muller equipped with two-200 pound muller wheels plus an inside and outside plow...The mixer wheels /plows revolve at approximately 18 RPM and are driven by an 1800 RPM 3 H.P. motor through a double belt sheave and gear box. The bowl...diameter is approximately 39 inches and 12 inches deep with the mulling wheels /plows geared to move in a counterclockwise rotation. All bays are

Achieving High Resolution Measurements Within Limited Bandwidth Via Sensor Data Compression

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-06-01

MIDAS , high-g accelerometer 16. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF: 17. LIMITATION OF ABSTRACT UU 18. NUMBER OF PAGES 16 19a. NAME OF...instrumentation boards are a miniaturization of the Multifunctional Instrumentation and Data Acquisition System ( MIDAS ) designed by ARL and detailed in several...technical reports (1). The original MIDAS has a diameter of 1.4 inches and height of 1.6 inches. This miniaturization for a 30mm round is

Study of Alternate Material for Pedal Ventilator Kits.

DTIC Science & Technology

1980-04-01

to fans with diameters of 36 inches or less, revealed that a shelter ventilation system of minimum cost would require three units with 36-inch...doorways, it was decided, with OCD approval, to develop pre-assembled one and two-operator bicycle ventilator kits utilizing a fan and ducting system of...polypropylene matrix. According to Ford Motor Company, an enthusiastic user, this material hybrid offers large potential savings in direct substitution for glass

7 CFR 52.774 - Fill of container.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... the contents of the container upon a U.S. Standard No. 8 circular sieve of proper diameter containing... product evenly over the sieve. Without shifting the product, incline the sieve at an angle of 17° to 20... weight of the sieve and product less the weight of the dry sieve. A sieve eight inches in diameter is...

7 CFR 52.774 - Fill of container.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... the contents of the container upon a U.S. Standard No. 8 circular sieve of proper diameter containing... product evenly over the sieve. Without shifting the product, incline the sieve at an angle of 17° to 20... weight of the sieve and product less the weight of the dry sieve. A sieve eight inches in diameter is...

7 CFR 51.308 - Methods of sampling and calculation of percentages.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... Grades of Apples Methods of Sampling and Calculation of Percentages § 51.308 Methods of sampling and... weigh ten pounds or less, or in any container where the minimum diameter of the smallest apple does not vary more than 1/2 inch from the minimum diameter of the largest apple, percentages shall be calculated...

7 CFR 51.308 - Methods of sampling and calculation of percentages.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... Grades of Apples Methods of Sampling and Calculation of Percentages § 51.308 Methods of sampling and... weigh ten pounds or less, or in any container where the minimum diameter of the smallest apple does not vary more than 1/2 inch from the minimum diameter of the largest apple, percentages shall be calculated...

Montana Logging Utilization, 2002

Treesearch

Todd A. Morgan; Timothy P. Spoelma; Charles E. Keegan; Alfred L. Chase; Michael T. Thompson

2005-01-01

A study of logging utilization in Montana during 2002 provided logging and product utilization data for sawlog and veneer log harvests in Montana. Results of the study indicate a shift toward greater utilization of smaller diameter material, as 78 percent of the harvested volume in Montana during 2002 came from trees less than 17 inches diameter at breast height. The...

Design Study for Ground-Based Atmospheric Lidar System.

DTIC Science & Technology

1980-09-29

Diameter: 36 inches with center hole to pass telescope focus Material: Pyrex, Zerodur or equivalent f/number: f/4 Secondary Mirror : Diameter: 10...Measurement of Atmospheric Molecular Density Transmitter Section (includes Laser, Beam Expander and 45 Mirror ) Receiving Telescope (receives...Alignment .. .. ..... 134 6.4 Fixed Autocollimator:Receiver Alignment .. .. ... ....... 136 6.5 Adjustment and Use of Reference Mirrors

Bark Thickness of 17-Year-Old Loblolly Pine Planted at Different Spacings

Treesearch

Donald P. Feduccia; William F. Mann

1975-01-01

Diameter at breast height was the only variable affecting double bark thickness at d.b.h. and midpoint of the merchantable stem for young loblolly pine planted at five initial spacings on plots with site indices of 77 to 111 feet. Bark thickness at the 4-inch top was not correlated with breast-height diameter.

78 FR 69403 - South Tahoe Public Utility District; Notice of Preliminary Determination of a Qualifying Conduit...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-11-19

...-diameter Diamond Valley Ranch Loop pipeline; (2) an approximately 22-foot-wide by 35-foot-long powerhouse... the 18-inch-diameter Diamond Valley Ranch Loop; and (4) appurtenant facilities. The proposed project..., canal, Y pipeline, aqueduct, flume, ditch, or similar manmade water conveyance that is operated for the...

Supersonic flow visualization of a nacelle in close proximity to a simulated wing

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Biber, Kasim; Ellis, David R.

1993-01-01

A flow visualization study was made in the 9 x 9 inch supersonic wind tunnel at Wichita State University to examine shock and boundary layer flow interaction for a nacelle in close proximity to the lower surface of a simulated wing. The test matrix included variations of angle of attack from -2 degrees to +4 degrees, nacelle-wing gap from 0.5 to 3-nacelle inlet diameter (0.12 inch), and Reynolds number based on nacelle length (1.164 inch) from 1.16 x 10(exp 6) to 1.45 x 10(exp 6) at a nominal Mach number of 2. Schlieren pictures of wing and nacelle flowfield were recorded by a video camera during each tunnel run. Results show that the nacelle inlet shock wave remains attached to the inlet lip and its impingement does not significantly affect the wing boundary layer. At the nacelle trailing edge location, the wing boundary layer thickness is approximately one nacelle inlet diameter at alpha = 0 degrees and it decreases with increase of angle of attack.

The Miniaturization and Reproducibility of the Cylinder Expansion Test

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rumchik, Chad; Nep, Rachel; Butler, George; Lindsay, C. Michael

2011-06-01

The cylinder expansion test (aka Cylex) is a standard way to measure the Gurney energy and determine the JWL coefficients of an explosive and has been utilized by the explosives community for many years. More recently, early time shock information has been found to be useful in examining the early pressure time history during the expansion of the cylinder. Work in the area of nanoenergetics has prompted Air Force researchers to develop a miniaturized version of the Cylex test, for materials with a sufficiently small critical diameter, to reduce the cost and quantity of material required for the test. This paper will cover the development of the half inch diameter miniaturized Cylex test as well as the results of a measurement systems analysis performed on the miniaturized test and the one inch diameter standard Cylex test using nitromethane sensitized with EDA as the explosive. Both tests yielded the same Gurney values with similar levels of variability - approximately 2%. 96ABW-2011-0072

Estimating northern red oak site-index class from total height and diameter of dominant and codominant trees in central Appalachian hardwood stands

Treesearch

Neil I. Lamson; Neil I. Lamson

1987-01-01

Northern red oak site-index (SI) class is estimated using height and diameter of dominant and codominant trees for five Appalachian hardwood species. Methods for predicting total height as a function of diameter are presented. Because total height of 4- and 6-inch trees varies less than 5 feet for the three northern red oak SI classes, use trees that are at least 8...

Summary of results of frictional sliding studies, at confining pressures up to 6.98 kb, in selected rock materials

USGS Publications Warehouse

Summers, R.; Byerlee, J.

1977-01-01

This report is a collection of stress-strain charts which were produced by deforming selected simuiated fault gouge materials. Several sets of samples consisted of intact cylinders, 1.000 inch in diameter and 2.500 inches long. The majority of the samples consisted of thin layers of the selected sample material, inserted within a diagonal sawcut in a 1.000-inch by 2.500-inch Westerly Granite cylinder. Two sorts of inserts were used. The first consisted of thin wafers cut from 1.000-inch-diameter cores of the rock being tested. The other consisted of thin layers of crushed material packed onto the sawcut surface. In several groups of tests using various thicknesses (0.010 inch to 0.160 inch) of a given type material there were variations in the stress level and/or stability of sliding as a function of the fault zone width. Because of this we elected to use a standard 0.025-inch width fault zone to compare the frictional properties of many of the different types of rock materials. This 0.025-inch thickness was chosen partially because this thickness of crushed granite behaves approximately the same as a fractured sample of initially intact granite, and also because this is near the lower limit at which we could cut intact wafers for those samples that were prepared from thin slices of rock. One series of tests was done with saw cut granite cylinders without fault gouge inserts. All of these tests were done in a hydraulically operated triaxial testing machine. The confining pressure (δ1, least principal stress) was applied by pumping petroleum ether into a pressure vessel. The differential stress (δ3-δ1) was applied by a hydraulically operated ram that could be advanced into the pressure vessel at any of several strain rates (10-4sec-1, 10-5sec-1, 10-6sec-1, 10-7sec-1, or 10-8sec-1). All samples were jacketed in polyurethane tubing to exclude the confining pressure medium from the samples. The majority of the samples, with the exception of some of the initially intact rocks, also had thin copper jackets. These served to hold the saw cut parts of the granite sample holders in alignment while the samples were handled and pushed into the polyurethane jackets.

A Comparative Study of Measuring Devices Used During Space Shuttle Processing for Inside Diameters

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Rodriguez, Antonio

2006-01-01

During Space Shuttle processing, discrepancies between vehicle dimensions and per print dimensions determine if a part should be refurbished, replaced or accepted "as-is." The engineer's job is to address each discrepancy by choosing the most accurate procedure and tool available, sometimes with up to ten thousands of an inch tolerance. Four methods of measurement are commonly used at the Kennedy Space Center: 1) caliper, 2) mold impressions, 3) optical comparator, 4) dial bore gage. During a problem report evaluation, uncertainty arose between methods after measuring diameters with variations of up to 0.0004" inches. The results showed that computer based measuring devices are extremely accurate, but when human factor is involved in determining points of reference, the results may vary widely compared to more traditional methods. iv

Miniature Reservoir Cathode: An Update

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Vancil, Bernard K.; Wintucky, Edwin G.

2002-01-01

We report on recent work to produce a small low power, low cost reservoir cathode capable of long life (more than 100,000 hours) at high loading (> 5 A/sq cm). Our objective is a highly manufacturable, commercial device costing less than $30. Small highly loaded cathodes are needed, especially for millimeter wave tubes, where focusing becomes difficult when area convergence ratios are too high. We currently have 3 models ranging from .060-inch diameter to. 125-inch diameter. Reservoir type barium dispenser cathodes have a demonstrated capability for simultaneous high emission density and long life. Seven reservoir cathodes continue to operate on the cathode life test facility at NSWC, Crane, Indiana at 2 and 4 amps/sq cm. They have accumulated nearly 100,000 hours with practically no change in emission levels or knee temperature.

Fast Neutron Spectrum Potassium Worth for Space Power Reactor Design Validation

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Bess, John D.; Marshall, Margaret A.; Briggs, J. Blair

2015-03-01

A variety of critical experiments were constructed of enriched uranium metal (oralloy ) during the 1960s and 1970s at the Oak Ridge Critical Experiments Facility (ORCEF) in support of criticality safety operations at the Y-12 Plant. The purposes of these experiments included the evaluation of storage, casting, and handling limits for the Y-12 Plant and providing data for verification of calculation methods and cross-sections for nuclear criticality safety applications. These included solid cylinders of various diameters, annuli of various inner and outer diameters, two and three interacting cylinders of various diameters, and graphite and polyethylene reflected cylinders and annuli. Ofmore » the hundreds of delayed critical experiments, one was performed that consisted of uranium metal annuli surrounding a potassium-filled, stainless steel can. The outer diameter of the annuli was approximately 13 inches (33.02 cm) with an inner diameter of 7 inches (17.78 cm). The diameter of the stainless steel can was 7 inches (17.78 cm). The critical height of the configurations was approximately 5.6 inches (14.224 cm). The uranium annulus consisted of multiple stacked rings, each with radial thicknesses of 1 inch (2.54 cm) and varying heights. A companion measurement was performed using empty stainless steel cans; the primary purpose of these experiments was to test the fast neutron cross sections of potassium as it was a candidate for coolant in some early space power reactor designs.The experimental measurements were performed on July 11, 1963, by J. T. Mihalczo and M. S. Wyatt (Ref. 1) with additional information in its corresponding logbook. Unreflected and unmoderated experiments with the same set of highly enriched uranium metal parts were performed at the Oak Ridge Critical Experiments Facility in the 1960s and are evaluated in the International Handbook for Evaluated Criticality Safety Benchmark Experiments (ICSBEP Handbook) with the identifier HEU MET FAST 051. Thin graphite reflected (2 inches or less) experiments also using the same set of highly enriched uranium metal parts are evaluated in HEU MET FAST 071. Polyethylene-reflected configurations are evaluated in HEU-MET-FAST-076. A stack of highly enriched metal discs with a thick beryllium top reflector is evaluated in HEU-MET-FAST-069, and two additional highly enriched uranium annuli with beryllium cores are evaluated in HEU-MET-FAST-059. Both detailed and simplified model specifications are provided in this evaluation. Both of these fast neutron spectra assemblies were determined to be acceptable benchmark experiments. The calculated eigenvalues for both the detailed and the simple benchmark models are within ~0.26 % of the benchmark values for Configuration 1 (calculations performed using MCNP6 with ENDF/B-VII.1 neutron cross section data), but under-calculate the benchmark values by ~7s because the uncertainty in the benchmark is very small: ~0.0004 (1s); for Configuration 2, the under-calculation is ~0.31 % and ~8s. Comparison of detailed and simple model calculations for the potassium worth measurement and potassium mass coefficient yield results approximately 70 – 80 % lower (~6s to 10s) than the benchmark values for the various nuclear data libraries utilized. Both the potassium worth and mass coefficient are also deemed to be acceptable benchmark experiment measurements.« less

Effects of Temperature on the Tensile Strength and Elastic Modulus of Composite Material.

DTIC Science & Technology

1985-03-01

9.)- IU1.6 1.4 Figure 4.7. Peak Stress vs Tab Angle temperature. The constant temperature distribution zone of the Marshell furnace extends 4 inches...actually used.) d) The clear hole diameter of the Marshell funace is 3.0 inches. The dimensions of the specimen for this investigation was determined...Applied Test System, Inc., Butter, Pennsyl- vania) , were used to pull a specimen at elevated temperatures. A Marshell model 2232 three-zone

Specific Yield--Column drainage and centrifuge moisture content

USGS Publications Warehouse

Johnson, A.I.; Prill, R.C.; Morris, D.A.

1963-01-01

The specific yield of a rock or soil, with respect to water, is the ratio of (1) the volume of water which, after being saturated, it will yield by gravity to (2) its own volume. Specific retention represents the water retained against gravity drainage. The specific yield and retention when added together are equal to the total interconnected porosity of the rock or soil. Because specific retention is more easily determined than specific yield, most methods for obtaining yield first require the determination of specific retention. Recognizing the great need for developing improved methods of determining the specific yield of water-bearing materials, the U.S. Geological Survey and the California Department of Water Resources initiated a cooperative investigation of this subject. The major objectives of this research are (1) to review pertinent literature on specific yield and related subjects, (2) to increase basic knowledge of specific yield and rate of drainage and to determine the most practical methods of obtaining them, (3) to compare and to attempt to correlate the principal laboratory and field methods now commonly used to obtain specific yield, and (4) to obtain improved estimates of specific yield of water-bearing deposits in California. An open-file report, 'Specific yield of porous media, an annotated bibliography,' by A. I. Johnson, D. A. Morris, and R. C. Prill, was released in 1960 in partial fulfillment of the first objective. This report describes the second phase of the specific-yield study by the U.S. Geological Survey Hydrologic Laboratory at Denver, Colo. Laboratory research on column drainage and centrifuge moisture equivalent, two methods for estimating specific retention of porous media, is summarized. In the column-drainage study, a wide variety of materials was packed into plastic columns of 1- to 8-inch diameter, wetted with Denver tap water, and drained under controlled conditions of temperature and humidity. The effects of cleaning the porous media; of different column diameters; of dye and time on drainage; and of different methods of drainage, wetting, and packing were all determined. To insure repeatability of porosity in duplicate columns, a mechanical technique of packing was developed. In the centrifuge moisture-content study, the centrifuge moisture-equivalent (the moisture content retained by a soil that has been first saturated and then subjected to a force equal to 1,000 times the force of gravity for 1 hour) test was first reviewed and evaluated. It was determined that for reproducible moisture-retention results the temperature and humidity should be controlled by use of a controlled-temperature centrifuge. In addition to refining this standard test, the study determined the effect of length of period of centrifuging and of applied tension on the drainage results. The plans for future work require the continuation of the laboratory standardization study qith emphasis on investigation of soil-moisture tension and unsaturated-permeability techniques. A detailed study in the field then will be followed by correlation and evaluation of laboratory and field methods.

KSC-99pp1397

NASA Image and Video Library

1999-12-09

A spare four-inch diameter LH2 recirculation line (shown in photo) will be used to replace a damaged LH2 line in the orbiter Discovery. The line recirculates hydrogen from the Shuttle main engines back to the external tank during prelaunch engine conditioning. Workers noted a dent in the line during routine aft compartment inspections Tuesday, Dec. 7. The dent measures 12 inches long and about ½-inch deep. Managers expect the replacement work to take about 3 days, followed by system retests and final aft compartment close-outs. Preliminary assessments reflect a launch date of Space Shuttle Discovery on mission STS-103 no earlier than Dec. 16. STS-103 is the third servicing mission for the Hubble Space Telescope

Size of Cottonwood Nursery Stock Related to Seedbed Density and Row Spacing

Treesearch

B. G. Blackmon; J. L. Gammaga

1968-01-01

In areas susceptible to early-season flooding, cottonwood seedlings are thought to be superior to cuttings as planting material arid most tree planters prefer seedlings with root-collar diameters between 0.2 and 0.6 inch for these areas. Seedlings in this diameter range are generally of, acceptable height. The study reported here indicates that production of suitable...

Central hardwood forests: recent trends in a robust resource

Treesearch

T. W. Birch; D. A. Gansner; W. H. McWilliams

1993-01-01

Re-inventories completed for each of four Central Hardwood States (Kentucky, Ohio, Pennsylvania, and West Virginia) show that forest area is increasing and stocking hit new highs; there is 27 percent more growing-stock volume than a decade ago. Large increases in volume have been recorded for all but the smallest diameter classes. Volume in trees 15 inches in diameter...

Evaluation of small-diameter ponderosa pine logs in bending

Treesearch

Debra Larson; Richard Mirth; Ronald Wolfe

2004-01-01

Ninety-nine roundwood bending specimens were tested over the course of seven months beginning in early 2002 at the College of Engineering and Technology at Northern Arizona University in Flagstaff, Arizona. These specimens were taken from 5.0- to 12.7-inch diameter at breast height ponderosa pine trees cut during the summer of 2001 from Unit 16 of the Fort Valley...

Characteristics of Five Climax Stands in New Hampshire

Treesearch

W.B. Leak; W.B. Leak

1987-01-01

Analysis of species composition, stand density, and diameter distribution in five climax or old-growth stands in New Hampshire indicates that the northern hardwood climax is characterized by at least 65 to 70 percent tolerant hardwoods, 130 square feet basal area per acre, and "q" ratios (2-inch diameter classes) of 1.3 to 1.4. Climax sprucehemlock have at...

Microhole Coiled Tubing Bottom Hole Assemblies

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Don Macune

2008-06-30

The original objective of the project, to deliver an integrated 3 1/8-inch diameter Measurement While Drilling (MWD) and Logging While Drilling (LWD) system for drilling small boreholes using coiled tubing drilling, has been achieved. Two prototype systems have been assembled and tested in the lab. One of the systems has been successfully tested downhole in a conventional rotary drilling environment. Development of the 3 1/8-inch system has also lead to development and commercialization of a slightly larger 3.5-inch diameter system. We are presently filling customer orders for the 3.5-inch system while continuing with commercialization of the 3 1/8-inch system. Themore » equipment developed by this project will be offered for sale to multiple service providers around the world, enabling the more rapid expansion of both coiled tubing drilling and conventional small diameter drilling. The project was based on the reuse of existing technology whenever possible in order to minimize development costs, time, and risks. The project was begun initially by Ultima Labs, at the time a small company ({approx}12 employees) which had successfully developed a number of products for larger oil well service companies. In September, 2006, approximately 20 months after inception of the project, Ultima Labs was acquired by Sondex plc, a worldwide manufacturer of downhole instrumentation for cased hole and drilling applications. The acquisition provided access to proven technology for mud pulse telemetry, downhole directional and natural gamma ray measurements, and surface data acquisition and processing, as well as a global sales and support network. The acquisition accelerated commercialization through existing Sondex customers. Customer demand resulted in changes to the product specification to support hotter (150 C) and deeper drilling (20,000 psi pressure) than originally proposed. The Sondex acquisition resulted in some project delays as the resistivity collar was interfaced to a different MWD system and also as the mechanical design was revised for the new pressure requirements. However, the Sondex acquisition has resulted in a more robust system, secure funding for completion of the project, and more rapid commercialization.« less

7 CFR 301.75-1 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... nursery stock maintained in climate-controlled greenhouses in 4-or 6-inch diameter pots until it is sold... denoting change of fruit variety. Infected. Containing bacteria that cause citrus canker. Infestation. The...

7 CFR 301.75-1 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... nursery stock maintained in climate-controlled greenhouses in 4-or 6-inch diameter pots until it is sold... denoting change of fruit variety. Infected. Containing bacteria that cause citrus canker. Infestation. The...

7 CFR 301.75-1 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... nursery stock maintained in climate-controlled greenhouses in 4-or 6-inch diameter pots until it is sold... denoting change of fruit variety. Infected. Containing bacteria that cause citrus canker. Infestation. The...

7 CFR 51.3157 - Damage.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... marketing quality of the fruit. The following specific defects shall be considered as damage: (a) Growth... exceeds three-sixteenths inch in diameter; (c) Scab or bacterial spot when cracked, or when the aggregate...

7 CFR 51.3157 - Damage.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... marketing quality of the fruit. The following specific defects shall be considered as damage: (a) Growth... exceeds three-sixteenths inch in diameter; (c) Scab or bacterial spot when cracked, or when the aggregate...

7 CFR 51.3157 - Damage.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... marketing quality of the fruit. The following specific defects shall be considered as damage: (a) Growth... exceeds three-sixteenths inch in diameter; (c) Scab or bacterial spot when cracked, or when the aggregate...

Safety Engineering and Protective Technology in Support of Army Modernization Programs--Picatinny Arsenal Papers Presented at the 16th Annual Explosive Safety Seminar

DTIC Science & Technology

1975-08-01

beams with diagonal bracing. The siding and roofing were constructed of corrugated aluminum panels connected to the girts and purlins by 1/4- inch...Fig 8) . Also con- tained in this report are static and dynamic properties of steel columns and beams ; as well as recommended types of steels and...both the beams and the columns . 3. The interaction between axial loads and displacements. The computer program input data includes the modulus of

Altitude Wind Tunnel at the NACA’s Aircraft Engine Research Laboratory

NASA Image and Video Library

1945-06-21

Two men on top of the Altitude Wind Tunnel (AWT) at the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA) Aircraft Engine Research Laboratory. The tunnel was a massive rectangular structure, which for years provided one of the highest vantage points on the laboratory. The tunnel was 263 feet long on the north and south legs and 121 feet long on the east and west sides. The larger west end of the tunnel, seen here, was 51 feet in diameter. The east side of the tunnel was 31 feet in diameter at the southeast corner and 27 feet in diameter at the northeast. The throat section, which connected the northwest corner to the test section, narrowed sharply from 51 to 20 feet in diameter. The AWT’s altitude simulation required temperature and pressure fluctuations that made the design of the shell more difficult than other tunnels. The simultaneous decrease in both pressure and temperature inside the facility produced uneven stress loads, particularly on the support rings. The steel used in the primary tunnel structure was one inch thick to ensure that the shell did not collapse as the internal air pressure was dropped to simulate high altitudes. It was a massive amount of steel considering the World War II shortages. The shell was covered with several inches of fiberglass insulation to retain the refrigerated air and a thinner outer steel layer to protect the insulation against the weather. A unique system of rollers was used between the shell and its support piers. These rollers allowed for movement as the shell expanded or contracted during the altitude simulations. Certain sections would move as much as five inches during operation.

40 CFR 63.343 - Compliance provisions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... operators of affected sources. (1) Composite mesh-pad systems. (i) During the initial performance test, the... with the emission limitations in § 63.342 through the use of a composite mesh-pad system shall... one performance test and accept ±2 inches of water column from this value as the compliant range. (ii...

40 CFR 63.343 - Compliance provisions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... operators of affected sources. (1) Composite mesh-pad systems. (i) During the initial performance test, the... with the emission limitations in § 63.342 through the use of a composite mesh-pad system shall... one performance test and accept ±2 inches of water column from this value as the compliant range. (ii...

40 CFR 63.343 - Compliance provisions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... operators of affected sources. (1) Composite mesh-pad systems. (i) During the initial performance test, the... with the emission limitations in § 63.342 through the use of a composite mesh-pad system shall... one performance test and accept ±2 inches of water column from this value as the compliant range. (ii...

7 CFR 301.75-1 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... nursery stock maintained in climate-controlled greenhouses in 4-or 6-inch diameter pots until it is sold... ditch, hedgerow, open space, or sign or marker denoting change of fruit variety. Infected. Containing...

7 CFR 51.1280 - Serious damage.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... shall be considered under the definition of russeting. (5) Insects: (i) Worm holes. More than three... worm injury which affects an aggregate area of more than three-fourths inch in diameter or which...

7 CFR 51.1280 - Serious damage.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... shall be considered under the definition of russeting. (5) Insects: (i) Worm holes. More than three... worm injury which affects an aggregate area of more than three-fourths inch in diameter or which...

7 CFR 301.75-1 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... nursery stock maintained in climate-controlled greenhouses in 4-or 6-inch diameter pots until it is sold... ditch, hedgerow, open space, or sign or marker denoting change of fruit variety. Infected. Containing...

7 CFR 51.1221 - Damage.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... FRESH FRUITS, VEGETABLES AND OTHER PRODUCTS 1,2 (INSPECTION, CERTIFICATION, AND STANDARDS) United States...) Hail injury which is unhealed, or deep, or when aggregating more than 1/4 inch in diameter; (e) Leaf or...

Pipe crawler apparatus

DOEpatents

Hovis, Gregory L.; Erickson, Scott A.; Blackmon, Bruce L.

2002-01-01

A pipe crawler apparatus particularly useful for 3-inch and 4-inch diameter pipes is provided. The pipe crawler apparatus uses a gripping apparatus in which a free end of a piston rod is modified with a bearing retaining groove. Bearings, placed within the groove, are directed against a camming surface of three respective pivoting support members. The non-pivoting ends of the support members carry a foot-like gripping member that, upon pivoting of the support member, engages the interior wall of the pipe.

Meat Entree Item Production Guides Developed for Use in Ft. Lee Interim Central Food Preparation Facility

DTIC Science & Technology

1975-03-01

serves 8). 10. Add cooked dough . (See topping procedure). 11. Cover, label and place in blast freezer. Totals Rotes: 1. Reheating...3. Gradually add cold water and mix only enough to form a soft dough . 4. Place dough on a lightly floured board, kneeding lightly about 1...minute or until dough Is smooth. 5. Roll out to a uniform thickness of 1/4 inch. 6. Cut into 2 i/4-inch diameter biscuits. 7. Bake for 15 minutes in

Heat Setting Procedures for Helical Coiled Springs

DTIC Science & Technology

1976-12-01

Springs, M -aw-Hill Book Company, Inc., New York, New York, 1963. 1 - 1i) Music Wire, QQ-9-JM7 •r ’Wire diameter = 0.043 iALCh Stress relieve: Heat at... music wire and chrome vanadium materials c) 100,000 psi corresponds to 1.580 inches b) 150,0O0 psi corresponds to 1.020 inches For stainless steel...frequency which would produce spring set with the minimun amount of sprirg breakage. It was determined that the music wire springs should be cycled

Investigation of Sub-Sized Charpy Specimens

DTIC Science & Technology

1945-08-06

requested the Physical Metallurgy Section to perform a few experiments with sub-sized Charpy spec- imens, so as to indicate whether they could be used to...SAZ 3130 No. 1033 Since the 1020 bpr stock was 2 inches in diameter, four longitu- dinal Charpy speciniens were machined from the cross section as...ihown in Pig- ure 1. In all cases, regardless of the size of the specimen, the center of the height of the Charpy specimen was 5/8 of an inch

Dynamic J sub I-R Curve Testing of HY-130 Steel.

DTIC Science & Technology

1981-10-01

Society for Testing and Materials 0C Degrees Celsius COD Crack-opening displacement CT Compact tension CVN Charpy V-notch dia Diameter in-lb/in 2 Inch...inches per second. A key curve for HY-130 plate was developed under dynamic loading conditions using subsized compact specimens and was applied to...face grooves were machined along the crack line to a total section reduction of 20% with a standard Charpy V-notch (CVN) cutter (450 included angle

Rapid Assessment of Remedial Effectiveness and Rebound in Fractured Bedrock

DTIC Science & Technology

2017-10-01

Permanent 5-inch diameter steel casing was then installed to a depth of 58.3 ft-bgs, and pressure-grouted in place using cement /bentonite grout. Once the...collected from 64 feet to 78 feet bgs. A 2-inch stainless steel well, screened from 64 to 74 feet bgs, was installed within the borehole. A filter pack was...installed from 63.5 ft to 74.5 ft bgs, and the remainder of the borehole was sealed with a bentonite seal and cement /bentonite grout. Therefore

Hydrogen test of a small, low specific speed centrifugal pump stage

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1991-01-01

A small, low specific speed centrifugal pump stage with a 2 inch tip diameter, .030 inch tip width shrouded impeller and volute collector was tested with liquid hydrogen as the pumped fluid. The hydrodynamic design of the pump stage is summarized and the noncavitating and cavitating performance results are presented. Test speeds were 60 and 80 percent of the 77,000 rpm design speed. Liquid hydrogen test results are compared with data from previous tests of the stage in water.

Graphite filament wound pressure vessels

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Feldman, A.; Damico, J. J.

1972-01-01

Filament wound NOL rings, 4-inch and 8-inch diameter closed-end vessels involving three epoxy resin systems and three graphite fibers were tested to develop property data and fabrication technology for filament wound graphite/epoxy pressure vessels. Vessels were subjected to single-cycle burst tests at room temperature. Manufacturing parameters were established for tooling, winding, and curing that resulted in the development of a pressure/vessel performance factor (pressure x volume/weight) or more than 900,000 in. for an oblate spheroid specimen.

Comparision of Incidental Reflection From Containerized Maintenance/Housekeeping Solutions and One Inch of Water

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Chapman, Bryan Scott; MacQuigg, Michael Robert; Wysong, Andrew Russell

This document addresses the incidental reflector reactivity worth of containerized maintenance/housekeeping fluids for use in PF-4 at Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL). The intent of the document is to analyze containerized maintenance/housekeeping fluids which will be analyzed as water that may be present under normal conditions of an operation. The reactivity worth is compared to the reactivity worth due to I-inch of close-fitting 4n water reflection and I-inch of close-fitting radial water reflection. Both have been used to bound incidental reflection by 2-liter bottles in criticality safety evaluations. The conclusion is that, when the maintenance/housekeeping fluids are containerized the reactivitymore » increase from a configuration which is bounding of normal conditions (up to eight bottles modeled with 2-liters of solution at varying diameter) is bound by I-inch of close fitting 4n water relection.« less

75 FR 65310 - Pine Prairie Energy Center, LLC; Notice of Application

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-10-22

... existing systems; (v) construct approximately 2.50 miles of 24, 20, and 16-inch diameter leaching pipeline... with the Commission's environmental review process. Environmental commenters will not be required to...

7 CFR 51.1565 - Internal defects.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

..., Internal Discoloration, Vascular Browning, Fusarium Wilt, Net Necrosis, Other Necrosis, Stem End Browning 5... Discoloration (Heat Necrosis) Not more than the equivalent of 3 scattered spots 1/8 inch in diameter in a potato...

7 CFR 51.1565 - Internal defects.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

..., Internal Discoloration, Vascular Browning, Fusarium Wilt, Net Necrosis, Other Necrosis, Stem End Browning 5... Discoloration (Heat Necrosis) Not more than the equivalent of 3 scattered spots 1/8 inch in diameter in a potato...

7 CFR 51.3157 - Damage.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... be considered as damage: (a) Growth cracks: (1) When not healed; (2) When more than one in number; (3... indentation; or, (4) When an indentation exceeds three-sixteenths inch in diameter; (c) Scab or bacterial spot...

7 CFR 51.3157 - Damage.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... be considered as damage: (a) Growth cracks: (1) When not healed; (2) When more than one in number; (3... indentation; or, (4) When an indentation exceeds three-sixteenths inch in diameter; (c) Scab or bacterial spot...

7 CFR 51.2933 - Serious damage.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... residue which is readily apparent and seriously affects the appearance. (e) Scab spots when cracked or... insects, scale marks, or similar marks aggregating more than one-half inch (12.7 mm) in diameter. (g) Hail...

7 CFR 51.2933 - Serious damage.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... residue which is readily apparent and seriously affects the appearance. (e) Scab spots when cracked or... insects, scale marks, or similar marks aggregating more than one-half inch (12.7 mm) in diameter. (g) Hail...

46 CFR 56.20-9 - Valve construction.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... closed. (b) Valves of Class I piping systems (for restrictions in other classes refer to sections on low temperature service), having diameters exceeding 2 inches must have bolted, pressure seal, or breech lock...

Buckling Test Results and Preliminary Test and Analysis Correlation from the 8-Foot-Diameter Orthogrid-Stiffened Cylinder Test Article TA02

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hilburger, Mark W.; Waters, W. Allen, Jr.; Haynie, Waddy T.; Thornburgh, Robert P

2017-01-01

Results from the testing of cylinder test article SBKF-P2-CYL-TA02 (referred to herein as TA02) are presented. TA02 is an 8-foot-diameter (96-inches), 78.0-inch-long, aluminum-lithium (Al-Li), orthogrid-stiffened cylindrical shell similar to those used in current state-of-the-art launch-vehicle structures and was designed to exhibit global buckling when subjected to combined compression and bending loads. The testing was conducted at the Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC), February 3-6, 2009, in support of the Shell Buckling Knockdown Factor Project (SBKF). The test was used to verify the performance of a newly constructed buckling test facility at MSFC and to verify the test article design and analysis approach used by the SBKF researchers.

Space shuttle: Aerodynamic characteristics of a 162-inch diameter solid rocket booster with and without strakes

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Johnson, J. D.; Radford, W. D.; Rampy, J. M.

1973-01-01

Tests conducted at NASA-Langley have shown that a small flap or strake can generate a significant amount of lift on a circular cylinder with large cross flow. If strakes are placed on the opposite sides and ends on a circular body, a moment will be produced about the center of mass of the body. The purpose of this test was to determine the static-aerodynamic forces and moments of a 162-inch diameter SRB (PRR) with and without strakes. The total angle-of-attack range of the SRB test was from -10 to 190 degrees. Model roll angles were 0, 45, 90, and 135 degrees with some intermediate angles. The Mach range was from 0.6 to 3.48. The 0.00494 scale model was designated as MSFC No. 449.

Advanced optical disk storage technology

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Haritatos, Fred N.

1996-01-01

There is a growing need within the Air Force for more and better data storage solutions. Rome Laboratory, the Air Force's Center of Excellence for C3I technology, has sponsored the development of a number of operational prototypes to deal with this growing problem. This paper will briefly summarize the various prototype developments with examples of full mil-spec and best commercial practice. These prototypes have successfully operated under severe space, airborne and tactical field environments. From a technical perspective these prototypes have included rewritable optical media ranging from a 5.25-inch diameter format up to the 14-inch diameter disk format. Implementations include an airborne sensor recorder, a deployable optical jukebox and a parallel array of optical disk drives. They include stand-alone peripheral devices to centralized, hierarchical storage management systems for distributed data processing applications.

Heat Treatment of Iron-Carbon Alloys in a Magnetic Field (Phase 2)

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Ludtka, Gerard Michael

Thermomagnetic processing was shown to shift the phase transformation temperatures and therefore microstructural evolution in the high performance engine valve spring 9254 steel alloy by applying a high magnetic field during cooling. These effects would be anticipated to improve performance such as high cycle fatigue as demonstrated in prior projects. Thermomagnetic processing of gears and crank shafts was constrained by the size of the prototype equipment currently available at ORNL. However, the commercial procurement viability of production scale 9-Tesla, 16-inch diameter bore thermomagnetic processing equipment for truck idler gears up to ~11-inch diameter and potential crank shaft applications was shown,more » as multiple superconducting magnet manufacturing companies (in conjunction with an induction heat treating company, AjaxTOCCO Magnethermic) offered cryogen-free or cryocooler equipment designs to Cummins.« less

Use of earth field spin echo NMR to search for liquid minerals

DOEpatents

Stoeffl, Wolfgang

2001-01-01

An instrument for measuring the spatial, qualitative and quantitative parameters of an underground nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) active liquid mineral deposit, including oil and water. A phased array of excitation and receiver antennas on the surface and/or in a borehole excites the NMR active nuclei in the deposit, and using known techniques from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), the spatial and quantitative distribution of the deposit can be measured. A surface array may utilize, for example, four large (50-500 diameter) diameter wire loops laid on the ground surface, and a weak (1.5-2.5 kHz) alternating current (AC) field applied, matching the NMR frequency of hydrogen in the rather flat and uniform earth magnetic field. For a short duration (a few seconds) an additional gradient field can be generated, superimposed to the earth field, by applying direct current (DC) to the grid (wire loops), enhancing the position sensitivity of the spin-echo and also suppressing large surface water signals by shifting them to a different frequency. The surface coil excitation can be combined with downhole receivers, which are much more radio-quiet compared to surface receivers, and this combination also enhances the position resolution of the MRI significantly. A downhole receiver module, for example, may have a 5.5 inch diameter and fit in a standard six inch borehole having a one-quarter inch thick stainless steel casing. The receiver module may include more than one receiver units for improved penetration and better position resolution.

Influence of wheel size on muscle activity and tri-axial accelerations during cross-country mountain biking.

PubMed

Hurst, Howard Thomas; Sinclair, Jonathan; Atkins, Stephen; Rylands, Lee; Metcalfe, John

2017-07-01

This study aimed to investigate the influence of different mountain bike wheel diameters on muscle activity and whether larger diameter wheels attenuate muscle vibrations during cross-country riding. Nine male competitive mountain bikers (age 34.7 ± 10.7 years; stature 177.7 ± 5.6 cm; body mass 73.2 ± 8.6 kg) participated in the study. Riders performed one lap at race pace on 26, 27.5 and 29 inch wheeled mountain bikes. sEMG and acceleration (RMS) were recorded for the full lap and during ascent and descent phases at the gastrocnemius, vastus lateralis, biceps brachii and triceps brachii. No significant main effects were found by wheel size for each of the four muscle groups for sEMG or acceleration during the full lap and for ascent and descent (P > .05). When data were analysed between muscle groups, significant differences were found between biceps brachii and triceps brachii (P < .05) for all wheel sizes and all phases of the lap with the exception of for the 26 inch wheel during the descent. Findings suggest wheel diameter has no influence on muscle activity and vibration during mountain biking. However, more activity was observed in the biceps brachii during 26 inch wheel descending. This is possibly due to an increased need to manoeuvre the front wheel over obstacles.

Twenty-year growth of thinned and unthinned ponderosa pine in the Methow Valley of northern Washington.

Treesearch

James W. Barrett

1981-01-01

Diameter, height and volume growth, and yield of thinned and unthinned plots are given for a suppressed, 47-year-old stand of ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Dougl. ex Laws.) in the Methow Valley of northern Washington that averaged about 3 inches in diameter and 23 feet tall before thinning. Considerations are discussed for choosing tree spacing...

Cottonwood Plantation Growth Through 20 Years

Treesearch

Roger M. Krinard; Robert L. Johnson

1984-01-01

At age 20 survival of unthinned cottonwood (Populusdeltoides Bartr. ex Marsh.) planted on medium-textured soil at spacings of 4 by 9, 8 by 9, 12 by 12, and 16 by 18 feet was 10, 17, 30, and 62 percent, and average diameters were 10.6, 11.8, 12.6, and 13.7 inches, respectively. Depending on spacing and diameter threshold, -cubic volume mean annual increment peaked at...

A 3-point derivation of dominant tree height equations

Treesearch

Don C. Bragg

2011-01-01

This paper describes a new approach for deriving height-diameter (H-D) equations from limited information and a few assumptions about tree height. Only three data points are required to fit this model, which can be based on virtually any nonlinear function. These points are the height of a tree at diameter at breast height (d.b.h.), the predicted height of a 10-inch d....

Feasibility of an advanced thrust termination assembly for a solid propellant rocket motor

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1975-01-01

A total of 68 quench tests were conducted in a vented bomb assembly (VBA). Designed to simulate full-scale motor operating conditions, this laboratory apparatus uses a 2-inch-diameter, end-burning propellant charge and an insulated disc of consolidated hydrated aluminum sulfate along with the explosive charge necessary to disperse the salt and inject it onto the burning surface. The VBA was constructed to permit variation of motor design parameters of interest; i.e., weight of salt per unit burning surface area, weight of explosive per unit weight of salt, distance from salt surface to burning surface, incidence angle of salt injection, chamber pressure, and burn time. Completely satisfactory salt quenching, without re-ignition, occurred in only two VBA tests. These were accomplished with a quench charge ratio (QCR) of 0.023 lb salt per square inch of burning surface at dispersing charge ratios (DCR) of 13 and 28 lb of salt per lb of explosive. Candidate materials for insulating salt charges from the rocket combustion environment were evaluated in firings of 5-inch-diameter, uncured end-burner motors. A pressed, alumina ceramic fiber material was selected for further evaluation and use in the final demonstration motor.

A mechanical property and stress corrosion evaluation of Custom 455 stainless steel alloy

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Montano, J. W.

1972-01-01

The mechanical and stress corrosion properties are presented of vacuum melted Custom 455 stainless steel alloy bar (1.0-inch diameter) and sheet (0.083-inch thick) material aged at 950 F, 1000 F, and 1050 F. Low temperature mechanical properties were determined at temperatures of 80 F, 0 F, -100 F, and -200 F. For all three aging treatments, the ultimate tensile and 0.2 percent offset yield strengths increased with decreasing test temperatures while the elongation held fairly constant down to -100 F and decreased at -200 F. Reduction in Area decreased moderately with decreasing temperature for the longitudinal round (0.250-inch diameter) specimens. Notched tensile strength and charpy V-notched impact strength decreased with decreasing test temperature. For all three aging treatments, no failures were observed in the unstressed specimens or the specimens stressed to 50, 75, and 100 percent of their yield strengths for 180 days of alternate immersion testing in a 3.5 percent NaCl solution. As indicated by the results of tensile tests performed after alternate immersion testing, the mechanical properties of Custom 455 alloy were not affected by stress or exposure under the conditions of the evaluation.

Flex-gear electrical power transmission

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Vranish, John; Peritt, Jonathan

1993-01-01

This study was conducted to develop an alternative way of transferring electricity across a continuously rotating joint, with little wear and the potential for low electrical noise. The problems with wires, slip rings, electromagnetic couplings, and recently invented roll-rings are discussed. Flex-gears, an improvement of roll-rings, are described. An entire class of flexgear devices is developed. Finally, the preferred flex-gear device is optimized for maximum electrical contact and analyzed for average mechanical power loss and maximum stress. For a device diameter of six inches, the preferred device is predicted to have a total electrical contact area of 0.066 square inches. In the preferred device, a small amount of internal sliding produces a 0.003 inch-pound torque that resists the motion of the device.

A replacement LH2 recirculation line before installation in Discovery

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1999-01-01

A spare four-inch diameter LH2 recirculation line (shown in photo) will be used to replace a damaged LH2 line in the orbiter Discovery. The line recirculates hydrogen from the Shuttle main engines back to the external tank during prelaunch engine conditioning. Workers noted a dent in the line during routine aft compartment inspections Tuesday, Dec. 7. The dent measures 12 inches long and about =-inch deep. Managers expect the replacement work to take about 3 days, followed by system retests and final aft compartment close-outs. Preliminary assessments reflect a launch date of Space Shuttle Discovery on mission STS-103 no earlier than Dec. 16. STS-103 is the third servicing mission for the Hubble Space Telescope.

Introduction of laser initiation for the 48-inch Advanced Solid Rocket Motor (ASRM) test motors at Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC)

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Zimmerman, Chris J.; Litzinger, Gerald E.

1993-01-01

The Advanced Solid Rocket Motor is a new design for the Space Shuttle Solid Rocket Booster. The new design will provide more thrust and more payload capability, as well as incorporating many design improvements in all facets of the design and manufacturing process. A 48-inch (diameter) test motor program is part of the ASRM development program. This program has multiple purposes for testing of propellent, insulation, nozzle characteristics, etc. An overview of the evolution of the 48-inch ASRM test motor ignition system which culminated with the implementation of a laser ignition system is presented. The laser system requirements, development, and operation configuration are reviewed in detail.

Schematic Animation of Phoenix's Microscope Station

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2008-01-01

[figure removed for brevity, see original site] Click on image for animation

This animation shows the workings of the microscope station of the Microscopy, Electrochemistry and Conductivity Analyzer (MECA) instrument suite of NASA's Phoenix Mars Lander.

Samples are delivered to the horizontal portion of the sample wheel (yellow) that pokes outside an opening in the box enclosure. The wheel rotates to present the sample to the microscopes. The Optical Microscope (red) can see particles a little smaller than one-tenth the diameter of a human hair. The Atomic Force Microscope (pink) can see particles forty time smaller. The samples are on a variety of substrate surfaces, the small circles on the beveled edge of the sample wheel. For scale, the diameter of the wheel is about 14 centimeters (5.5 inches). Each substrate is a circle 3 millimeters (0.1 inch) in diameter.

The Phoenix Mission is led by the University of Arizona, Tucson, on behalf of NASA. Project management of the mission is by NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif. Spacecraft development is by Lockheed Martin Space Systems, Denver.

Mechanism of nucleation and growth of catalyst-free self-organized GaN columns by MOVPE

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wang, Xue; Li, Shunfeng; Fündling, Sönke; Wehmann, Hergo-H.; Strassburg, Martin; Lugauer, Hans-Jürgen; Steegmüller, Ulrich; Waag, Andreas

2013-05-01

The growth mechanism of catalyst-free self-organized GaN nuclei and three-dimensional columns on sapphire by metal organic vapour phase epitaxy (MOVPE) is investigated. Temperature- and time-dependent growth is performed. The growth behaviour can be characterized by two different kinetic regimes: mass-transport-limited growth and thermodynamically limited growth. The sum of activation energies for thermodynamic barrier of nucleation and for surface diffusion/mass-transport limitation, i.e. Whet +Ed, is 0.57 eV in the ‘low’-temperature region and 2.43 eV in the ‘high’-temperature region. GaN columns grown under the same conditions have very comparable height, which is not dependent on their diameter or the distance to other columns. Therefore, the growth rate is presumably limited by the incorporation rate on the top surface of columns. The height and diameter at the top of the GaN columns increase linearly with time and no height limit is observed. The GaN columns can reach more than 40 µm in height. Moreover, the investigated GaN columns are Ga-polar.

7 CFR 51.3416 - Classification of defects.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

..., Fusarium Wilt, Net Necrosis, Other Necrosis, Stem End Browning 5% waste 10% waste. Occurring entirely... discoloration (Heat Necrosis) Not more than the equivalent of 3 scattered spots 1/8 inch in diameter in a potato...

7 CFR 51.3416 - Classification of defects.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

..., Fusarium Wilt, Net Necrosis, Other Necrosis, Stem End Browning 5% waste 10% waste. Occurring entirely... discoloration (Heat Necrosis) Not more than the equivalent of 3 scattered spots 1/8 inch in diameter in a potato...

49 CFR 230.71 - Orifice testing of compressors.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... Compressor size Single strokes per minute Diameter of orifice(in inches) Air pressure maintained(in pounds... feet the speed of compressor may be increased 5 single strokes per minute for each 1,000 feet increase...

49 CFR 230.71 - Orifice testing of compressors.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... Compressor size Single strokes per minute Diameter of orifice(in inches) Air pressure maintained(in pounds... feet the speed of compressor may be increased 5 single strokes per minute for each 1,000 feet increase...

49 CFR 230.71 - Orifice testing of compressors.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... Compressor size Single strokes per minute Diameter of orifice(in inches) Air pressure maintained(in pounds... feet the speed of compressor may be increased 5 single strokes per minute for each 1,000 feet increase...

49 CFR 230.71 - Orifice testing of compressors.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... Compressor size Single strokes per minute Diameter of orifice(in inches) Air pressure maintained(in pounds... feet the speed of compressor may be increased 5 single strokes per minute for each 1,000 feet increase...

49 CFR 230.71 - Orifice testing of compressors.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... Compressor size Single strokes per minute Diameter of orifice(in inches) Air pressure maintained(in pounds... feet the speed of compressor may be increased 5 single strokes per minute for each 1,000 feet increase...

7 CFR 457.173 - Florida Avocado crop insurance provisions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... a diameter of at least four inches. Crop year. A period beginning with the date insurance attaches... season after set out; and (2) Produced the minimum production per acre as specified in the Special...

7 CFR 51.1321 - Damage.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... blossom end, or an abnormally smooth rounded base with little or no depression at the calyx, or if the... area of 1 inch in diameter. 2 (6) Hail marks or other similar depressions or scars which are not...

7 CFR 51.1278 - Damage.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... color at the blossom end, or an abnormally smooth rounded base with little or no depression at the calyx... which exceeds an aggregate area of 1 inch in diameter. 2 (6) Hail marks or other similar depressions or...

7 CFR 51.1278 - Damage.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... color at the blossom end, or an abnormally smooth rounded base with little or no depression at the calyx... which exceeds an aggregate area of 1 inch in diameter. 2 (6) Hail marks or other similar depressions or...

7 CFR 51.1321 - Damage.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... blossom end, or an abnormally smooth rounded base with little or no depression at the calyx, or if the... area of 1 inch in diameter. 2 (6) Hail marks or other similar depressions or scars which are not...

Anisocoria

MedlinePlus

... the diameter difference is less than 0.5 mm, but it can be up to 1 mm (0.05 inch). Babies born with different sized ... about. Unequal pupil sizes of more than 1 mm that develop later in life and do NOT ...

Axial Fatigue Tests at Zero Mean Stress of 24S-T and 75S-T Aluminum-alloy Strips with a Central Circular Hole

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Brueggeman, W C; Mayer, M JR

1948-01-01

Axial fatigue tests at zero mean stress have been made on 0.032- and 0.064-inch 24S-T and 0.032-inch 75S-T sheet-metal specimens 1/4, 1/2, 1, and 2 inches wide without a hole and with central holes giving a range of hole diameter D to specimen width W from 0.01 to 0.95. No systematic difference was noted between the results for the 0.032-inch and the 0.064-inch specimens although the latter seemed the more consistent. In general the fatigue strength based on the minimum section dropped sharply as the ration D/W was increased from zero to about 0.25. The plain specimens showed quite a pronounced decrease in fatigue strength with increasing width. The holed specimens showed only slight and rather inconclusive evidence of this size effect. The fatigue stress-concentration factor was higher for 75S-T than for 24S-T alloy. Evidence was found that a very small hole would not cause any reduction in fatigue strength.

40 CFR 63.343 - Compliance provisions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

.... (1) Composite mesh-pad systems. (i) During the initial performance test, the owner or operator of an... limitations in § 63.342 through the use of a composite mesh-pad system shall determine the outlet chromium... performance test and accept ±2 inches of water column from this value as the compliant range. (ii) On and...

40 CFR 63.343 - Compliance provisions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

.... (1) Composite mesh-pad systems. (i) During the initial performance test, the owner or operator of an... limitations in § 63.342 through the use of a composite mesh-pad system shall determine the outlet chromium... performance test and accept ±2 inches of water column from this value as the compliant range. (ii) On and...

End Restraints for Impact-Energy-Absorbing Tube Specimens

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Farley, G. L.; Modlin, J. T.

1985-01-01

Inexpensive device developed that eliminates tipping problem without affecting crushing process. Device consists of soft sponge-rubber insert approximately 0.5 inches (1.3 centimeters) thick, cut to same diameter as internal diameter of tube specimen. Metal washer, slightly smaller than internal diameter of tube, placed on top of rubber insert. Screw passed through washer and rubber insert and threaded into base of test machine. As screw tightened against washer, rubber insert compressed and expands radially. Radial expansion applies pressure against internal wall of tube specimen, which provides sufficient support to tube to prevent tipping.

Interim Taper and Cubic-Foot Volume Equations For Young Longleaf Pine Plantations in Southwest Georgia

Treesearch

John R. Brooks; Stacey Martin; Jeff Jordan; Chris Sewell

2002-01-01

Outside bark diameter measurements were taken at 0, 0.5, 2.0, 4.5, 6.0, 16.6 and 4 foot height intervals above 6 foot to a 2 inch dob top diameter on 42 longleaf pine trees selected from intensively managed longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) plantations in Dougherty and Worth Counties in southwest Georgia. Trees were sampled from unthinned,...

Effect of logging wounds on diameter growth of sawlog-size Appalachian hardwood crop trees

Treesearch

Neil I. Lamson; H. Clay Smith; H. Clay Smith

1988-01-01

In previously thinned, even-aged Appalachian hardwood stands, 5-year diameter growth of 102 wounded and 102 unwounded codominant crop trees were compared. A wounded crop tre was defined as one with at least one exposed sapwood logging wound at least 100 inch2 in size. An unwounded crop tree of the same species and size was selected near each of the 102 wounded trees....

29 CFR 1910.215 - Abrasive wheel machinery.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... and in good balance. There shall be no rough surfaces or sharp edges. (4) Uniformity of diameter. (i... Structural steel (min. tensile strength 60,000 p.s.i.) 1/2 inch or less 14,200 SFPM 1/16 1/16 3/32 3/32 1/8 1... for Straight Flanges—for Mechanical Grinders 12,500 S.F.P.M. to 16,5 S.F.P.M. 1 Wheel diameter Wheel...

29 CFR 1910.215 - Abrasive wheel machinery.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... and in good balance. There shall be no rough surfaces or sharp edges. (4) Uniformity of diameter. (i... Structural steel (min. tensile strength 60,000 p.s.i.) 1/2 inch or less 14,200 SFPM 1/16 1/16 3/32 3/32 1/8 1... for Straight Flanges—for Mechanical Grinders 12,500 S.F.P.M. to 16,5 S.F.P.M. 1 Wheel diameter Wheel...

29 CFR 1910.215 - Abrasive wheel machinery.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... and in good balance. There shall be no rough surfaces or sharp edges. (4) Uniformity of diameter. (i... Structural steel (min. tensile strength 60,000 p.s.i.) 1/2 inch or less 14,200 SFPM 1/16 1/16 3/32 3/32 1/8 1... for Straight Flanges—for Mechanical Grinders 12,500 S.F.P.M. to 16,5 S.F.P.M. 1 Wheel diameter Wheel...

29 CFR 1910.215 - Abrasive wheel machinery.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... and in good balance. There shall be no rough surfaces or sharp edges. (4) Uniformity of diameter. (i... Structural steel (min. tensile strength 60,000 p.s.i.) 1/2 inch or less 14,200 SFPM 1/16 1/16 3/32 3/32 1/8 1... for Straight Flanges—for Mechanical Grinders 12,500 S.F.P.M. to 16,5 S.F.P.M. 1 Wheel diameter Wheel...

29 CFR 1910.215 - Abrasive wheel machinery.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... and in good balance. There shall be no rough surfaces or sharp edges. (4) Uniformity of diameter. (i... Structural steel (min. tensile strength 60,000 p.s.i.) 1/2 inch or less 14,200 SFPM 1/16 1/16 3/32 3/32 1/8 1... for Straight Flanges—for Mechanical Grinders 12,500 S.F.P.M. to 16,5 S.F.P.M. 1 Wheel diameter Wheel...

Twenty-year growth of ponderosa pine saplings thinned to five spacings in central Oregon.

Treesearch

Barrett James W.

1982-01-01

Diameter, height, and volume growth and yield are given for plots thinned to 1000, 500, 250, 125, and 62 trees per acre in a 40- to 70-year-old stand of suppressed ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Dougl. ex Laws.) saplings in central Oregon. Trees averaged about 1-inch in diameter and 8 feet in height at the time of thinning. Considerations for...

Heat Transfer to 36.75 and 45 degree Swept Blunt Leading Edges in Free Flight at Mach Numbers from 1.70 to 2.99 and From 2.50 to 4.05

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

ONeal, Robert L.

1960-01-01

A flight investigation has been conducted to study the heat transfer to swept-wing leading edges. A rocket-powered model was used for the investigation and provided data for Mach number ranges of 1.78 to 2.99 and 2.50 to 4.05 with corresponding free-stream Reynolds number per foot ranges of 13.32 x 10(exp 6) to 19.90 x 10(exp 6) and 2.85 x 10(exp 6) to 4.55 x 10(exp 6). The leading edges employed were cylindrically blunted wedges ', three of which were swept 450 with leading-edge diameters of 1/4, 1/2, and 3/4 inch and one swept 36-750 with a leading-edge diameter of 1/2 inch. In the high Reynolds number range, measured values of heat transfer were found to be much higher than those predicted by laminar theory and at the larger values of leading-edge diameter were approaching the values predicted by turbulent theory. For the low Reynolds number range a comparison between measured and theoretical heat transfer showed that increasing the leading-edge diameter resulted in turbulent flow on the cylindrical portion of the leading edge.

7 CFR 51.2933 - Serious damage.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... seriously affects the appearance. (e) Scab spots when cracked or when well healed and aggregating more than... aggregating more than one-half inch (12.7 mm) in diameter. (g) Hail when the skin has been broken or when more...

7 CFR 51.2933 - Serious damage.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... seriously affects the appearance. (e) Scab spots when cracked or when well healed and aggregating more than... aggregating more than one-half inch (12.7 mm) in diameter. (g) Hail when the skin has been broken or when more...

7 CFR 51.2933 - Serious damage.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... seriously affects the appearance. (e) Scab spots when cracked or when well healed and aggregating more than... aggregating more than one-half inch (12.7 mm) in diameter. (g) Hail when the skin has been broken or when more...

Evaluation of static resistance of deep foundation [project summary].

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2017-06-01

Various types of deep foundations were investigated including steel H-piles, pre-stressed concrete piles, open cylindrical steel and concrete piles with diameters greater than 36 inches, and drilled shafts with partial length permanent casing. : The ...

7 CFR 51.1913 - Serious damage.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

...) Soft ripe tomatoes or tomatoes affected by the soft rot. (b) Fresh holes or cuts, or any holes or cuts... adjacent to the stem scar and more than 1/4 inch in diameter. (h) Fruit actually infested with worms. ...

7 CFR 51.1913 - Serious damage.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

...) Soft ripe tomatoes or tomatoes affected by the soft rot. (b) Fresh holes or cuts, or any holes or cuts... adjacent to the stem scar and more than 1/4 inch in diameter. (h) Fruit actually infested with worms. ...

Louisiana slabjacking study.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1970-01-01

This study was oriented toward slabjacking procedures for raising slabs and filling voids on roadways, with emphasis on louisiana materials and equipment. The conclusions were: (1) holes should be about 1 1/4 inches in diameter, spaced 6 feet apart a...

30 CFR 77.412 - Compressed air systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... attempted until the pressure has been relieved from that part of the system to be repaired. (c) At no time... used at connections to machines of high-pressure hose lines of 1-inch inside diameter or larger, and...

30 CFR 77.412 - Compressed air systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... attempted until the pressure has been relieved from that part of the system to be repaired. (c) At no time... used at connections to machines of high-pressure hose lines of 1-inch inside diameter or larger, and...

Aero-acoustic design and test of a multiple splitter exhaust noise suppressor for a 0.914m diameter lift fan

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Stimpert, D. L.

1973-01-01

A lift fan exhaust suppression system to meet future VTOL aircraft noise goals was designed and tested. The test vehicle was a 1.3 pressure ratio, 36 inch (91.44 cm) diameter lift fan with two chord rotor to stator spacing. A two splitter fan exhaust suppression system thirty inches (76.2 cm) long achieved 10 PNdB exhaust suppression in the aft quadrant compared to a design value of 20 PNdB. It was found that a broadband noise floor limited the realizable suppression. An analytical investigation of broadband noise generated by flow over the treatment surfaces provided very good agreement with the measured suppression levels and noise floor sound power levels. A fan thrust decrement of 22% was measured for the fully suppressed configuration of which 11.1% was attributed to the exhaust suppression hardware.

Effect of design changes and operating conditions on combustion and operational performance of a 28-inch diameter Ram-jet engine / T. B. Shillito and Shigeo Nakanishi

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Shillito, T B; Nakanishi, Shigeo

1952-01-01

The results of an altitude test-chamber investigation of the effects of a number of design changes and operating conditions on altitude peformance of a 28-inch diameter ram jet engine are presented. Most of the investigation was for a simulated flight Mach number of 2.0 above the tropopause. Fuel-air distribution, gutter width, the presence of a pilot flame, cimbustion-chamber-inlet temperature, and exhaust-nozzle throat area were found to have significant effects on limits of combustion. Combustion efficiency increased with increasing combustion-chamber-inlet temperature and was adversely affected by an increase in the exhaust-nozzld area. Similiar lean limits of combustion were obtained for both Diesel fuel and normal heptane, but combustion efficiences obtained with Diesel fuel were lower than those obtained with normal heptane.

Wall-Friction Support of Vertical Loads in Submerged Sand and Gravel Columns

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Walton, O. R.; Vollmer, H. J.; Hepa, V. S.

Laboratory studies of the ‘floor-loads’ under submerged vertical columns of sand and/or gravel indicate that such loads can be approximated by a buoyancy-corrected Janssen-silo-theory-like relationship. Similar to conditions in storage silos filled with dry granular solids, most of the weight of the sand or gravel is supported by wall friction forces. Laboratory measurements of the loads on the floor at the base of the water-filled columns (up to 25-diameters tall) indicate that the extra floor-load from the addition of the granular solid never exceeded the load that would exist under an unsupported (wide) bed of submerged sand or gravel thatmore » has a total depth corresponding to only two column-diameters. The measured floorloads reached an asymptotic maximum value when the depth of granular material in the columns was only three or four pipe-diameters, and never increased further as the columns were filled to the top (e.g. up to heights of 10 to 25 diameters). The floor-loads were stable and remained the same for days after filling. Aggressive tapping (e.g. hitting the containing pipe on the outside, manually with a wrench up and down the height and around the circumference) could increase (and occasionally decrease) the floor load substantially, but there was no sudden collapse or slumping to a state without significant wall friction effects. Considerable effort was required, repeatedly tapping over almost the entire column wall periphery, in order to produce floor-loads that corresponded to the total buoyancy-corrected weight of granular material added to the columns. Projecting the observed laboratory behavior to field conditions would imply that a stable floor-load condition, with only a slightly higher total floor pressure than the preexisting hydrostatic-head, would exist after a water-filled bore-hole is filled with sand or gravel. Significant seismic vibration (either a large nearby event or many micro-seismic events over an extended period) would likely be necessary before the full (buoyancy-corrected) weight of the sand and/or gravel would be ‘delivered’ to the bottom of the submerged column.« less

Steam Rankine Solar Receiver, phase 2

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Deanda, L. E.; Faust, M.

1981-01-01

A steam rankine solar receiver (SRSR) based on a tubular concept was designed and developed. The SRSR is an insulated, cylindrical coiled tube boiler which is mounted at the focal plane of a fully tracking parabolic solar reflector. The concentrated solar energy received at the focal plane is then transformed to thermal energy through steam generation. The steam is used in a small Rankine cycle heat engine to drive a generator for the production of electrical energy. The SRSR was designed to have a dual mode capability, performing as a once through boiler with and without reheat. This was achieved by means of two coils which constitute the boiler. The boiler core size of the SRSR is 17.0 inches in diameter and 21.5 inches long. The tube size is 7/16 inch I.D. by 0.070 inch wall for the primary, and 3/4 inch I.D. by 0.125 inch wall for the reheat section. The materials used were corrosion resistant steel (CRES) type 321 and type 347 stainless steel. The core is insulated with 6 inches of cerablanket insulation wrapped around the outer wall. The aperture end and the reflector back plate at the closed end section are made of silicon carbide. The SRSR accepts 85 kwth and has a design life of 10,000 hrs when producing steam at 1400 F and 2550 psig.

Helium Evolution from the Transfer of Helium Saturated Propellant in Space

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Nguyen, Bich N.

2000-01-01

Helium evolution from the transfer of helium saturated propellant in space is quantified to determine its impact from creating a two-phase mixture in the transfer line. The transfer line is approximately 1/2 inch in diameter and 2400 inches in length comprised of the Fluid Interconnect System (FICS), the Orbiter Propellant Transfer System (OPTS) and the International Space Station (ISS) Propulsion Module (ISSPM). The propellant transfer rate is approximately two to three gallons per minute, and the supply tank pressure is maintained at approximately 250 psig.

Water Powered Tools

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1976-01-01

Space Spin-Offs, Inc. under a contract with Lewis Research Center and Marshall Space Flight Center produced a new water-powered saw that cuts through concrete and steel plate reducing danger of explosion or electric shock in rescue and other operations. In prototype unit efficient water-powered turbine drives an 8 inch diameter grinding disk at 6,600 rpm. Exhaust water cools disk and workpiece quenching any sparks produced by cutting head. At maximum power, tool easily cuts through quarter inch steel plate. Adapter heads for chain saws, impact wrenches, heavy duty drills, and power hack saws can be fitted.

Response Action Plan for the Basin F Interim Response Action Waste Pile.

DTIC Science & Technology

1992-10-01

the Waste Pile via an 8-Inch diameter HDPE stand pipe. A stainless - steel submersible pump provides the lift to deliver the collected liquid 5 to the...2.1.4 Settlement Measuring System 3 Nine settlement plates were installed at the base of the Waste Pile during its construction. A 1-Inch steel pipe...PLATE STEEL CONDUIT. PIPE GS: 5219.61 GS: 5219.98 GS: 5219.56 GS: 5219.50 SPSP: 5217.87 SPSP: 5217.94 SPSP: 5218.59 THP: 5221.25 THP: 5221.41 THP

STS-26 MS Nelson operates controls for PVTOS-2 experiment on aft middeck

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1988-01-01

STS-26 Mission Specialist (MS) George D. Nelson operates generic electronics module for the Physical Vapor Transport of Organic Solids 2 (PVTOS-2) experiment on Discovery's, Orbiter Vehicle (OV) 103's, aft middeck. PVTOS-2 consists of nine independent experimental cells about 12 inches long and 3 inches in diameter. They are mounted in a circular base plate inside the drum-like experimental apparatus container (EAC). PVTOS-2 is sponsored by NASA's Office of Commercial Programs and is being conducted by 3M's Space Research and Applications Laboratory.

Curiosity Successfully Drills "Duluth"

NASA Image and Video Library

2018-05-23

A close-up image of a 2-inch-deep hole produced using a new drilling technique for NASA's Curiosity rover. The hole is about 0.6 inches (1.6 centimeters) in diameter. This image was taken by Curiosity's Mast Camera (Mastcam) on Sol 2057. It has been white balanced and contrast-enhanced. Curiosity drilled this hole in a target called "Duluth" on May 20, 2018. It was the first rock sample captured by the drill since October 2016. A mechanical issue took the drill offline in December 2016. https://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA22326

Mechanical Properties of Titanium and Aluminum Alloys at Cryogenic Temperatures

DTIC Science & Technology

1962-03-01

aluminum alloys. Table I is a tabulation of the chemical composition of the tita - nium alloys. The bar was 5/8 inch in diameter and the sheet 0.060 inch...Ti-6AI-4V Tensile azid yield strength data for both bar and sheet of this tita - nium alloy are shown in Figure A-3. Bar and sheet data show approxi...not recommended for low temperature applications. The remainder of the tita - nium alloys were tested from room temperature to -452 F. In general, Ti

Development of advanced methods for continuous Czochralski growth. Silicon sheet growth development for the large area silicon sheet task of the low cost silicon solar array project

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Wolfson, R. G.; Sibley, C. B.

1978-01-01

The three components required to modify the furnace for batch and continuous recharging with granular silicon were designed. The feasibility of extended growth cycles up to 40 hours long was demonstrated by a recharge simulation experiment; a 6 inch diameter crystal was pulled from a 20 kg charge, remelted, and pulled again for a total of four growth cycles, 59-1/8 inch of body length, and approximately 65 kg of calculated mass.

Analysis of packing microstructure and wall effects in a narrow-bore ultrahigh pressure liquid chromatography column using focused ion-beam scanning electron microscopy.

PubMed

Reising, Arved E; Schlabach, Sabine; Baranau, Vasili; Stoeckel, Daniela; Tallarek, Ulrich

2017-09-01

Column wall effects are well recognized as major limiting factor in achieving high separation efficiency in HPLC. This is especially important for modern analytical columns packed with small particles, where wall effects dominate the band broadening. Detailed knowledge about the packing microstructure of packed analytical columns has so far not been acquired. Here, we present the first three-dimensional reconstruction protocol for these columns utilizing focused ion-beam scanning electron microscopy (FIB-SEM) on a commercial 2.1mm inner diameter×50mm length narrow-bore analytical column packed with 1.7μm bridged-ethyl hybrid silica particles. Two sections from the packed bed are chosen for reconstruction by FIB-SEM: one from the bulk packing region of the column and one from its critical wall region. This allows quantification of structural differences between the wall region and the center of the bed due to effects induced by the hard, confining column wall. Consequences of these effects on local flow velocity in the column are analyzed with flow simulations utilizing the lattice-Boltzmann method. The reconstructions of the bed structures reveal significant structural differences in the wall region (extending radially over approximately 62 particle diameters) compared to the center of the column. It includes the local reduction of the external porosity by up to 10% and an increase of the mean particle diameter by up to 3%, resulting in a decrease of the local flow velocity by up to 23%. In addition, four (more ordered) layers of particles in the direct vicinity of the column wall induce local velocity fluctuations by up to a factor of three regarding the involved velocity amplitudes. These observations highlight the impact of radial variations in packing microstructure on band migration and column performance. This knowledge on morphological peculiarities of column wall effects helps guiding us towards further optimization of the packing process for analytical HPLC columns. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

A standardized method for the calibration of thermodynamic data for the prediction of gas chromatographic retention times.

PubMed

McGinitie, Teague M; Ebrahimi-Najafabadi, Heshmatollah; Harynuk, James J

2014-02-21

A new method for calibrating thermodynamic data to be used in the prediction of analyte retention times is presented. The method allows thermodynamic data collected on one column to be used in making predictions across columns of the same stationary phase but with varying geometries. This calibration is essential as slight variances in the column inner diameter and stationary phase film thickness between columns or as a column ages will adversely affect the accuracy of predictions. The calibration technique uses a Grob standard mixture along with a Nelder-Mead simplex algorithm and a previously developed model of GC retention times based on a three-parameter thermodynamic model to estimate both inner diameter and stationary phase film thickness. The calibration method is highly successful with the predicted retention times for a set of alkanes, ketones and alcohols having an average error of 1.6s across three columns. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Development of a Post-Installed Deepwater Monitoring System

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Seaman, C.; Brower, D. V.; Tang, H.; Le, S.

2015-01-01

A monitoring system that can be deployed on already existing deep water risers and flowlines has been developed. This paper describes the design concepts and testing that was performed in developing the monitoring system. A major challenge of a post-installed instrumentation system is to ensure adequate coupling is achieved between the instruments and the riser or flowline. This work investigates the sensor coupling for pipelines that are suspended in both the water column (from topside platform to the seabed) and for those that are located directly on the seabed. These different environments have resulted in two sensor attachment methods: (1) subsea adhesive sensor clamp design and (2) a friction surface sensor attachment method. This paper presents the adhesive attachment method. The monitoring elements consist of fiber optic sensors that are encased in a polyurethane clamp. With a subsea adhesive, the clamp can be installed by divers in shallow depths or by use of an ROV for deeper applications. The NASA Johnson Space Center was initially involved in the selection and testing of subsea adhesives. It was determined that up to 75 percent of the bonding strength could be achieved with the adhesive from optimal dry bonding versus bonding in submerged sea water environments. The next phase of the study involved the design, fabrication, and testing of several prototype clamps that contained the fiber optic sensors. A mold was produced by NASA using 3-D printing methods that allowed the fabrication of subscale test articles that would accommodate 4-inch and 8-inch diameter pipes. The clamps were installed with adhesive in a "wet" environment on the pipe test articles and tested in the NASA Structures Test Laboratory. The tension/compression and bending tests showed that the prototype sensor clamps achieved good coupling, and could provide high quality strain measurement for active monitoring.

Temperature Rise in Kirschner Wires Inserted Using Two Drilling Methods: Forward and Oscillation.

PubMed

Anderson, Scott Richard; Inceoglu, Serkan; Wongworawat, Montri D

2017-05-01

Kirschner wires (K-wires) are commonly used in orthopedic surgery. However, the loosening of the pins can lead to delayed or improper healing or infection. Wire loosening can occur by thermal necrosis that occurs due to heat produced during wire insertion. Although the parameters that affect temperature rise in cortical bone during wire insertion and drilling have been studied, the effect of drilling mode (oscillation versus forward) is unknown. The purpose of this study was to compare the temperature changes occurring in cortical bone during wire insertions by oscillating and forward drills. Our hypothesis is that oscillation drilling would produce less heat compared with forward drilling in K-wire insertion with 2 commonly used wire diameters. We drilled K-wires in a pig metacarpal model and measured the temperature rise between forward and oscillation drilling modes using diamond-tipped 0.062- and 0.045-inch-diameter K-wires. There were 20 holes drilled for each group (n = 20). The average temperature rise using the 0.062-inch K-wire under forward and oscillation insertion was 14.0 ± 5.5°C and 8.8 ± 2.6°C, respectively. For the 0.045-inch K-wire, under forward and oscillation insertion, the average temperature rise was 11.4 ± 2.6°C and 7.1 ± 1.9°C, respectively. The effects of the drilling mode and wire diameter on temperature rise were significant ( P < .05). In conclusion, the oscillation of K-wires during insertion causes a lower temperature rise when compared with forward drilling.

Demonstrate Scale-up Procedure for Glass Composite Material (GCM) for Incorporation of Iodine Loaded AgZ.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Nenoff, Tina M.; Garino, Terry J.; Croes, Kenneth James

2015-07-01

Two large size Glass Composite Material (GCM) waste forms containing AgI-MOR were fabricated. One contained methyl iodide-loaded AgI-MOR that was received from Idaho National Laboratory (INL, Test 5, Beds 1 – 3) and the other contained iodine vapor loaded AgIMOR that was received from Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL, SHB 2/9/15 ). The composition for each GCM was 20 wt% AgI-MOR and 80 wt% Ferro EG2922 low sintering temperature glass along with enough added silver flake to prevent any I2 loss during the firing process. The silver flake amounts were 1.2 wt% for the GCM with the INL AgI-MOR andmore » 3 wt% for the GCM contained the ORNL AgI-MOR. The GCMs, nominally 100 g, were first uniaxially pressed to 6.35 cm (2.5 inch) diameter disks then cold isostatically pressed, before firing in air to 550°C for 1hr. They were cooled slowly (1°C/min) from the firing temperature to avoid any cracking due to temperature gradients. The final GCMs were ~5 cm in diameter (~2 inches) and non-porous with densities of ~4.2 g/cm³. X-ray diffraction indicated that they consisted of the amorphous glass phase with small amounts of mordenite and AgI. Furthermore, the presence of the AgI was confirmed by X-ray fluorescence. Methodology for the scaled up production of GCMs to 6 inch diameter or larger is also presented.« less

Experimental Investigation of a Helicopter Rotor Hub Flow

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Reich, David

The rotor hub system is by far the largest contributor to helicopter parasite drag and a barrier to increasing helicopter forward-flight speed and range. Additionally, the hub sheds undesirable vibration- and instability-inducing unsteady flow over the empennage. The challenges associated with rotor hub flows are discussed, including bluff body drag, interactional aerodynamics, and the effect of the turbulent hub wake on the helicopter empennage. This study was conducted in three phases to quantify model-scale rotor hub flows in water tunnels at The Pennsylvania State University Applied research lab. The first phase investigated scaling and component interaction effects on a 1:17 scale rotor hub model in the 12-inch diameter water tunnel. Effects of Reynolds number, advance ratio, and hub geometry configuration on the drag and wake shed from the rotor hub were quantified using load cell measurements and particle-image velocimetry (PIV). The second phase focused on flow visualization and measurement on a rotor hub and rotor hub/pylon geometry in the 12-inch diameter water tunnel. Stereo PIV was conducted in a cross plane downstream of the hub and flow visualization was conducted using oil paint and fluorescent dye. The third phase concentrated on high accuracy load measurement and prediction up to full-scale Reynolds number on a 1:4.25 scale model in the 48-inch diameter water tunnel. Measurements include 6 degree of freedom loads on the hub and two-component laser-Doppler velocimetry in the wake. Finally, results and conclusions are discussed, followed by recommendations for future investigations.

Influence of Crack-Tip Configurations on the Fracture Response of 0.04-Inch Thick 2024-T3 Aluminum Alloy Sheet

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Johnston, William M.; Newman, James C. (Technical Monitor)

2002-01-01

A series of fracture tests were conducted on Middle-crack tension M(T) and compact tension C(T) specimens to determine the effects of specimen type, specimen width, notch tip sharpness and buckling on the fracture behavior of cracked thin sheet (0.04 inch thick) 2024-T3 aluminum alloy material. A series of M(T) specimens were tested with three notch tip configurations: (1) a fatigue pre-cracked notch, (2) a 0.010-inch-diameter wire electrical discharge machined (EDM) notch, and (3) a EDM notch sharpened with a razor blade. The test procedures are discussed and the experimental results for failure stress, load vs. crack extension and the material stress-strain response are reported.

A replacement LH2 recirculation line before installation in Discovery

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1999-01-01

Gary Hamilton (left) and James Stickley, both with United Space Alliance, check out a spare four-inch diameter LH2 recirculation line that will be used to replace a damaged LH2 line in the orbiter Discovery. The line recirculates hydrogen from the Shuttle main engines back to the external tank during prelaunch engine conditioning. Workers noted a dent in the line during routine aft compartment inspections Tuesday, Dec. 7. The dent measures 12 inches long and about =-inch deep. Managers expect the replacement work to take about 3 days, followed by system retests and final aft compartment close-outs. Preliminary assessments reflect a launch date of Space Shuttle Discovery on mission STS-103 no earlier than Dec. 16. STS-103 is the third servicing mission for the Hubble Space Telescope.

A replacement LH2 recirculation line before installation in Discovery

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1999-01-01

James Stickley (left) and Derry Dilby (right), who are with United Space Alliance, check over a spare four-inch diameter LH2 recirculation line that will be used to replace a damaged LH2 line in the orbiter Discovery. The line recirculates hydrogen from the Shuttle main engines back to the external tank during prelaunch engine conditioning. Workers noted a dent in the line during routine aft compartment inspections Tuesday, Dec. 7. The dent measures 12 inches long and about =-inch deep. Managers expect the replacement work to take about 3 days, followed by system retests and final aft compartment close-outs. Preliminary assessments reflect a launch date of Space Shuttle Discovery on mission STS-103 no earlier than Dec. 16. STS-103 is the third servicing mission for the Hubble Space Telescope.

KSC-99pp1398

NASA Image and Video Library

1999-12-06

James Stickley (left) and Derry Dilby (right), who are with United Space Alliance, check over a spare four-inch diameter LH2 recirculation line that will be used to replace a damaged LH2 line in the orbiter Discovery. The line recirculates hydrogen from the Shuttle main engines back to the external tank during prelaunch engine conditioning. Workers noted a dent in the line during routine aft compartment inspections Tuesday, Dec. 7. The dent measures 12 inches long and about ½-inch deep. Managers expect the replacement work to take about 3 days, followed by system retests and final aft compartment close-outs. Preliminary assessments reflect a launch date of Space Shuttle Discovery on mission STS-103 no earlier than Dec. 16. STS-103 is the third servicing mission for the Hubble Space Telescope

KSC-99pp1396

NASA Image and Video Library

1999-12-09

Gary Hamilton (left) and James Stickley, both with United Space Alliance, check out a spare four-inch diameter LH2 recirculation line that will be used to replace a damaged LH2 line in the orbiter Discovery. The line recirculates hydrogen from the Shuttle main engines back to the external tank during prelaunch engine conditioning. Workers noted a dent in the line during routine aft compartment inspections Tuesday, Dec. 7. The dent measures 12 inches long and about ½-inch deep. Managers expect the replacement work to take about 3 days, followed by system retests and final aft compartment close-outs. Preliminary assessments reflect a launch date of Space Shuttle Discovery on mission STS-103 no earlier than Dec. 16. STS-103 is the third servicing mission for the Hubble Space Telescope

A Preliminary Investigation on the Destruction of Solid-Propellant Rocket Motors by Impact from Small Particles

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Carter, David J., Jr.

1960-01-01

An investigation was conducted to determine whether solid-propellant rocket motors could be ignited and destroyed by small-particle impacts at particle velocities up to a approximately 10,940 feet per second. Spheres ranging from 1/16 to 7/32 inch in diameter were fired into simulated rocket motors containing T-22 propellant over a range of ambient pressures from sea level to 0.12 inch of mercury absolute. Simulated cases of stainless steel, aluminum alloy, and laminated Fiberglas varied in thickness from 1/50 to 1/8 inch. Within the scope of this investigation, it was found that ignition and explosive destruction of simulated steel-case rocket motors could result from impacts by steel spheres at the lowest attainable pressure.

Comparative range of orthodontic wires.

PubMed

Ingram, S B; Gipe, D P; Smith, R J

1986-10-01

ADA specification No. 32 for determining the range (elastic limit) of orthodontic wires uses the bending of a wire section treated as a cantilever beam. An alternative method for defining the range of orthodontic wires proposed by Waters (1981) is to wrap wire sections around mandrels of varying diameters and measure the deformation imparted after unwrapping. Four brass mandrels with a total of 46 test diameters ranging from 3.5 to 60.0 mm were used in this study. Wire sections 9 cm in length were rolled on the mandrel with a hand lathe. The mandrel cross section required to produce a predetermined amount of deformation (2 mm arc height for a 5 cm chord) was defined as the yield diameter for that particular wire. No individual wire was tested twice so as to avoid introduction of strain history. Test samples of 488 different orthodontic wires supplied by nine commercial distributors were evaluated (a total of 4,747 samples). Stainless steel wires of identical dimensions had a large variation in range, depending on the state of strain hardening and heat treatment. For example, 0.020 inch round wire had yield diameters ranging from 22.8 mm for Australian special plus orange (TP Laboratories) to 42.9 mm for Nubryte gold (G.A.C. International). Chromium cobalt wires had less range than stainless steel before heat treatment, but increased greatly in range after heat treatment. Nitinol (Unitek) had the greatest range of all wires tested (yield diameter of 8.7 mm for 0.016 inch Nitinol). Multistranded stainless steel wires had yield diameters between 9.0 and 14.0 mm.

Crash testing of Louisiana's multi-directional, single steel post, small sign support.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1992-06-01

The Louisiana Department of Transportation and Development (LDOTD) contracted with the Texas Transportation Institute (TTI) to evaluate the impact characteristics of Louisiana's multi-directional 5 inch diameter steel post, small sign support when im...

7 CFR 51.1015 - Serious damage.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

...) which occurs as small spots over more than 25 percent of the fruit surface, or as solid scarring (not... greater extent than that of a lime which has a blotch the area of a circle one-half inch in diameter; (g...

7 CFR 51.1015 - Serious damage.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

...) which occurs as small spots over more than 25 percent of the fruit surface, or as solid scarring (not... greater extent than that of a lime which has a blotch the area of a circle one-half inch in diameter; (g...

7 CFR 51.1015 - Serious damage.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

...) which occurs as small spots over more than 25 percent of the fruit surface, or as solid scarring (not... greater extent than that of a lime which has a blotch the area of a circle one-half inch in diameter; (g...

Ultrasonic detection of simulated corrosion in 1 inch diameter steel tieback rods.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2009-08-01

Corrosion of tieback rods in sheet piling systems can compromise the reliability of associated transportation : structures due to loss of crosssection and reduced strength of the tieback rods. Common inspection techniques : currently involve excav...

33 CFR 154.2101 - Requirements for facility vapor connections.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... band must be 0.8 meter (2.64 feet); and (2) Labeled with the word “VAPOR” painted in black letters at....9 millimeter (0.625 inch) diameter holes in the flange face, located midway between boltholes, and...

75 FR 74091 - Biweekly Notice; Applications and Amendments to Facility Operating Licenses Involving No...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-11-30

... a level of > 22 inches water column in support of SGIG system operation. Exelon is submitting this... site, but should note that the NRC's E-Filing system does not support unlisted software, and the NRC... EDGs and the associated support systems, such as the fuel oil storage and transfer systems, are...

24 CFR 3280.612 - Tests and inspection.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... to a pressure test. The test shall be made by subjecting the system to air or water at 100 psi for 15 minutes without loss of pressure. (b) Drainage and vent system and plumbing fixtures. The waste and vent... plugged, the entire system shall be subjected to a 2-inch (manometer) water column air pressure test. If...

24 CFR 3280.612 - Tests and inspection.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... to a pressure test. The test shall be made by subjecting the system to air or water at 100 psi for 15 minutes without loss of pressure. (b) Drainage and vent system and plumbing fixtures. The waste and vent... plugged, the entire system shall be subjected to a 2-inch (manometer) water column air pressure test. If...

24 CFR 3280.612 - Tests and inspection.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... to a pressure test. The test shall be made by subjecting the system to air or water at 100 psi for 15 minutes without loss of pressure. (b) Drainage and vent system and plumbing fixtures. The waste and vent... plugged, the entire system shall be subjected to a 2-inch (manometer) water column air pressure test. If...

24 CFR 3280.612 - Tests and inspection.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... to a pressure test. The test shall be made by subjecting the system to air or water at 100 psi for 15 minutes without loss of pressure. (b) Drainage and vent system and plumbing fixtures. The waste and vent... plugged, the entire system shall be subjected to a 2-inch (manometer) water column air pressure test. If...

A GIS-based approach to stand visualization and spatial pattern analysis in a mixed hardwood forest in West Virginia

Treesearch

Benktesh D. Sharma; Jingxin Wang; Gary Miller

2008-01-01

Tree spatial patterns were characterized for a 75-year-old mixed hardwood forest dominated by northern red oak, chestnut oak, red maple and yellow-poplar. All trees ≥5 inches diameter at breast height (d.b.h.) were measured for diameter, total height, crown height, and crown width along with their locations in the field over an area of 8 acres. The spatial...

An Application of System Dynamics Analysis to Ecosystem Management at the Poinsett Weapons Range, Shaw AFB SC

DTIC Science & Technology

1997-12-01

younger trees with thinner sapwood and greater heartwood diameter than other trees in the area . The RCW requires approximately 6 inches in diameter...and management areas and have explored applications of system dynamics modeling at the graduate level. The attached application addresses specific...Population Sensitivity to Birth Rate 62 10. RCW Population with Variation of Relatedness Entity 64 11. RCW Population with Variation of Foraging Area

Studies on affecting factors and mechanism of treating decentralized domestic sewage by a novel anti-clogging soil infiltration system.

PubMed

Yuan, Haiping; Nie, Junying; Gu, Lin; Zhu, Nanwen

2016-12-01

The effects of bore diameter and particle size of polyurethane (PU) foam on soil wastewater infiltration system as well as its anti-clogging mechanism were investigated in this study. Different types of PU were used to determine the effect of bore diameter and particle size on the chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal. The results revealed that bore diameter showed little effects and the optimal size of PU should be not less than 10 mm. The formation of strong hydrophilic group on the outer layer of hydrophobic PU foam was fixed with active ingredient Al2O3, leading to good anti-clogging effect. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis fingerprint profiles and cluster analysis showed that the microbial community in the bottom was different from that in other places of the normal column, while it in the top has obvious differences from that in other places of the clogging column. Furthermore, the dominant microbial species of the normal column was Betaproteobacteria while Alphaproteobacteria in the clogging column.

Submerged jet mixing in nuclear waste tanks: a correlation for jet velocity

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Daas, M.; Srivastava, R.; Roelant, D.

2007-07-01

Experimental studies were carried out in jet-stirred slurry tanks to correlate the influence of nozzle diameter, initial jet flow velocity, submerged depth of jet, tank diameter and slurry properties on the jet axial velocity. The tanks used in the experimental work had diameters of 0.3 m (1-ft) and 2.13 m (7-ft). The fluids emerged from nozzles of 0.003 m and 0.01 m in diameter, 1/8-inch and 3/8-inch respectively. The examined slurries were non-Newtonian and contained 5 weight percent total insoluble solids. The axial velocities along the centerline of a submerged jet stream were measured at different jet flow rates andmore » at various distances from the nozzle orifice (16 to 200 nozzle diameters) utilizing electromagnetic velocity meter. A new simplified correlation was developed to describe the jet axial velocity in submerged jet stirred tanks utilizing more than 350 data points. The Buckingham Pi theorem and non-linear regression method of multivariate approximation, in conjunction with the Gauss-Jordan elimination method, were used to develop the new correlation. The new correlation agreed well with the experimental data obtained from the current study. Good agreement was also possible with literature data except at large distances from the nozzle as the model slightly overestimated the jet axial velocity. The proposed correlation incorporates the contributions of system geometry, fluid properties, and external forces. Furthermore, it provides reasonable estimates of jet axial velocity. (authors)« less

Lithium-thionyl chloride battery

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wong, D.; Bowden, W.; Hamilton, N.; Cubbison, D.; Dey, A. N.

1981-04-01

The main objective is to develop, fabricate, test, and deliver safe high rate lithium-thionyl chloride batteries for various U.S. Army applications such as manpack ratios and GLLD Laser Designators. We have devoted our efforts in the following major areas: (1) Optimization of the spirally wound D cell for high rate applications, (2) Development of a 3 inch diameter flat cylindrical cell for the GLLD laser designator application, and (3) Investigation of the reduction mechanism of SOCl2. The rate capability of the spirally wound D cell previously developed by us has been optimized for both the manpack radio (BA5590) battery and GLLD laser designator battery application in this program. A flat cylindrical cell has also been developed for the GLLD laser designator application. It is 3 inches in diameter and 0.9 inch in height with extremely low internal cell impedance that minimizes cell heating and polarization on the GLLD load. Typical cell capacity was found to be 18.0-19.0 Ahr with a few cells delivering up to about 21.0 Ahr on the GLLD test load. Study of the reduction mechanism of SOCl2 using electrochemical and spectroscopic techniques has also been carried out in this program which may be directly relevant to the intrinsic safety of the system.

Alternative acceptance criteria of girth weld defects in cross country pipelines. Final report

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Denys, R.M.; Lefevre, T.

1997-06-01

The failure behaviour of defective girth welds in large diameter pipe lines was assessed using radiographic and mechanised ultrasonic inspection, small scale (tensile, hardness, Charpy and CTOD) and wide plate tests. The specimens were taken from girth welds in API 5LX70 pipe of 1219 mm (48 inches) in diameter by 8,0 mm (0,323 inch) and 13,3 mm (0,524 inch) wall. The test welds were made with the SMAW (8 welds) and GMAW (9 welds) welding processes. Upon completion of the non-destructive tests, 96 curved wide plate specimens were tested to destruction under tensile load. Testing was performed at low temperaturemore » (-50{degrees}C/-58{degrees}F). Defect type, defect position and size were determined from photographs of the fracture face and macro sections (defect characterisation and sizing). In total, 290 typical surface breaking and embedded defects in SMAW or GMAW girth welds have been evaluated. The vast majority of these defects were grossly out of tolerance with respect to current weld quality (workmanship) acceptance levels. To allow the defect tolerance to be determined, the failure strains and stresses were correlated with a defect length determined for an equivalent 3 mm (0, 118 inch) deep defect. This target depth was chosen to represent the average height of one weld pass. The results of this approach have been compared to wall thickness, current workmanship and the EPRG Tier 2 defect limit for planar defects. The defect lengths were derived for rectangular, parabolic and elliptical defect representations.« less

The impact analysis of the connecting pipe length and diameter on the operation of a piston hybrid power machine of positive displacement with gas suction capacity

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Shcherba, V. E.; Grigoriev, A. V.; Averyanov, G. S.; Surikov, V. I.; Vedruchenko, V. P.; Galdin, N. S.; Trukhanova, D. A.

2017-08-01

The article analyzes the impact of the connecting liquid pipe length and diameter on consumables and power characteristics of the piston hybrid power machine with gas suction capacity. The following operating characteristics of the machine were constructed and analyzed: the average height of the liquid column in the jacket space; instantaneous velocity and height of the liquid column in the jacket space; the relative height of the liquid column in the jacket space; volumetric efficiency; indicator isothermal efficiency; flowrate in the pump section; relative pressure losses during suction; relative flowrate. The dependence of the instantaneous pressure in the work space and the suction space of the compressor section on the rotation angle of the crankshaft is determined for different values of the length and diameter of the connecting pipeline.

Can the human lumbar posterior columns be stimulated by transcutaneous spinal cord stimulation? A modeling study

PubMed Central

Danner, Simon M.; Hofstoetter, Ursula S.; Ladenbauer, Josef; Rattay, Frank; Minassian, Karen

2014-01-01

Stimulation of different spinal cord segments in humans is a widely developed clinical practice for modification of pain, altered sensation and movement. The human lumbar cord has become a target for modification of motor control by epidural and more recently by transcutaneous spinal cord stimulation. Posterior columns of the lumbar spinal cord represent a vertical system of axons and when activated can add other inputs to the motor control of the spinal cord than stimulated posterior roots. We used a detailed three-dimensional volume conductor model of the torso and the McIntyre-Richard-Grill axon model to calculate the thresholds of axons within the posterior columns in response to transcutaneous lumbar spinal cord stimulation. Superficially located large diameter posterior column fibers with multiple collaterals have a threshold of 45.4 V, three times higher than posterior root fibers (14.1 V). With the stimulation strength needed to activate posterior column axons, posterior root fibers of large and small diameters as well as anterior root fibers are co-activated. The reported results inform on these threshold differences, when stimulation is applied to the posterior structures of the lumbar cord at intensities above the threshold of large-diameter posterior root fibers. PMID:21401670

7 CFR 51.2108 - U.S. Select Sheller Run.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... chipped and scratched kernels, mold, gum, shriveling, brown spot or other means. (See §§ 51.2113 and 51... for pieces which will pass through a round opening 20/64 inch (7.9 mm) in diameter; and, (g) For other...