Septic single-stage knee arthrodesis after failed total knee arthroplasty using a cemented coupled nail.

PubMed

Hawi, N; Kendoff, D; Citak, M; Gehrke, T; Haasper, C

2015-05-01

Knee arthrodesis is a potential salvage procedure for limb preservation after failure of total knee arthroplasty (TKA) due to infection. In this study, we evaluated the outcome of single-stage knee arthrodesis using an intramedullary cemented coupled nail without bone-on-bone fusion after failed and infected TKA with extensor mechanism deficiency. Between 2002 and 2012, 27 patients (ten female, 17 male; mean age 68.8 years; 52 to 87) were treated with septic single-stage exchange. Mean follow-up duration was 67.1months (24 to 143, n = 27) (minimum follow-up 24 months) and for patients with a minimum follow-up of five years 104.9 (65 to 143,; n = 13). A subjective patient evaluation (Short Form (SF)-36) was obtained, in addition to the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). The mean VAS score was 1.44 (SD 1.48). At final follow-up, four patients had recurrent infections after arthrodesis (14.8%). Of these, three patients were treated with a one-stage arthrodesis nail exchange; one of the three patients had an aseptic loosening with a third single-stage exchange, and one patient underwent knee amputation for uncontrolled sepsis at 108 months. All patients, including the amputee, indicated that they would choose arthrodesis again. Data indicate that a single-stage knee arthrodesis offers an acceptable salvage procedure after failed and infected TKA. ©2015 The British Editorial Society of Bone & Joint Surgery.

A new type of single-phase five-level inverter

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Xu, Zhi; Li, Shengnan; Qin, Risheng; Zhao, Yanhang

2017-11-01

At present, Neutral Point Clamped (NPC) multilevel inverter is widely applied in new energy field. However, it has some disadvantages including low utilization rate of direct current (DC) voltage source and the unbalance of neutral potential. Therefore, a new single-phase five level inverter is proposed in this paper. It has two stage structure, the former stage is equivalent to three level DC/DC converter, and the back stage uses H bridge to realize inverter. Compared with the original central clamp type inverter, the new five level inverter can improve the utilization of DC voltage, and realize the neutral point potential balance with hysteresis comparator.

Comparison of a single-channel EEG sleep study to polysomnography

PubMed Central

Lucey, Brendan P.; McLeland, Jennifer S.; Toedebusch, Cristina D.; Boyd, Jill; Morris, John C.; Landsness, Eric C.; Yamada, Kelvin; Holtzman, David M.

2016-01-01

Summary An accurate home sleep study to assess electroencephalography (EEG)-based sleep stages and EEG power would be advantageous for both clinical and research purposes, such as for longitudinal studies measuring changes in sleep stages over time. The purpose of this study was to compare sleep scoring of a single-channel EEG recorded simultaneously on the forehead against attended polysomnography. Participants were recruited from both a clinical sleep center and a longitudinal research study investigating cognitively-normal aging and Alzheimer's disease. Analysis for overall epoch-by-epoch agreement found strong and substantial agreement between the single-channel EEG compared to polysomnography (kappa=0.67). Slow wave activity in the frontal regions was also similar when comparing the single-channel EEG device to polysomnography. As expected, stage N1 showed poor agreement (sensitivity 0.2) due to lack of occipital electrodes. Other sleep parameters such as sleep latency and REM onset latency had decreased agreement. Participants with disrupted sleep consolidation, such as from obstructive sleep apnea, also had poor agreement. We suspect that disagreement in sleep parameters between the single-channel EEG and polysomnography is partially due to altered waveform morphology and/or poorer signal quality in the single-channel derivation. Our results show that single-channel EEG provides comparable results to polysomnography in assessing REM, combined stages N2 and N3 sleep, and several other parameters including frontal slow wave activity. The data establish that single-channel EEG can be a useful research tool. PMID:27252090

Advances in single- and multi-stage Stirling-type pulse tube cryocoolers for space applications in NLIP/SITP/CAS

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Dang, Haizheng; Tan, Jun; Zha, Rui; Li, Jiaqi; Zhang, Lei; Zhao, Yibo; Gao, Zhiqian; Bao, Dingli; Li, Ning; Zhang, Tao; Zhao, Yongjiang; Zhao, Bangjian

2017-12-01

This paper presents a review of recent advances in single- and multi-stage Stirling-type pulse tube cryocoolers (SPTCs) for space applications developed at the National Laboratory for Infrared Physics, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (NLIP/SITP/CAS). A variety of single-stage SPTCs operating at 25-150 K have been developed, including several mid-sized ones operating at 80-110 K. Significant progress has been achieved in coolers operating at 30-40 K which use common stainless steel meshes as regenerator matrices. Another important advance is the micro SPTCs with an overall mass of 300-800 g operating at high frequencies varying from 100 Hz to 400 Hz. The main purpose of developing two-stage SPTCs is to simultaneously acquire cooling capacities at both stages, obviating the need for auxiliary precooling in various applications. The three-stage SPTCs are developed mainly for applications at around 10 K, which are also used for precooling the J-T coolers to achieve further lower temperatures. The four-stage SPTCs are developed to directly achieve the liquid helium temperature for cooling space low-Tc superconducting devices and for the deep space exploration as well. Several typical development programs are described and an overview of the cooler performances is presented.

Ku-band high efficiency GaAs MMIC power amplifiers

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Tserng, H. Q.; Witkowski, L. C.; Wurtele, M.; Saunier, Paul

1988-01-01

The development of Ku-band high efficiency GaAs MMIC power amplifiers is examined. Three amplifier modules operating over the 13 to 15 GHz frequency range are to be developed. The first MMIC is a 1 W variable power amplifier (VPA) with 35 percent efficiency. On-chip digital gain control is to be provided. The second MMIC is a medium power amplifier (MPA) with an output power goal of 1 W and 40 percent power-added efficiency. The third MMIC is a high power amplifier (HPA) with 4 W output power goal and 40 percent power-added efficiency. An output power of 0.36 W/mm with 49 percent efficiency was obtained on an ion implanted single gate MESFET at 15 GHz. On a dual gate MESFET, an output power of 0.42 W/mm with 27 percent efficiency was obtained. A mask set was designed that includes single stage, two stage, and three stage single gate amplifiers. A single stage 600 micron amplifier produced 0.4 W/mm output power with 40 percent efficiency at 14 GHz. A four stage dual gate amplifier generated 500 mW of output power with 20 dB gain at 17 GHz. A four-bit digital-to-analog converter was designed and fabricated which has an output swing of -3 V to +/- 1 V.

The retrospective analysis of patients with uterine sarcomas: A single-center experience.

PubMed

Terek, Mustafa Cosan; Akman, Levent; Hursitoglu, Behiye Seda; Sanli, Ulus Ali; Ozsaran, Zeynep; Tekindal, Mustafa Agah; Dikmen, Yilmaz; Zekioglu, Osman; Ozsaran, Ahmet Aydin

2016-01-01

Uterine sarcomas are rare, malignant, gynecological tumors and show diverse histopathological features. Therefore, there is no consensus on risk factors for poor outcome and optimal treatment. The aim of this retrospective analysis is to report the clinical outcome of patients with uterine sarcoma treated at a single center. The data was obtained regarding the patient's demographic characteristics, pathological results, treatments given, survival, and complications of all uterine sarcoma patients treated in a single center between the years 2000 and 2012. The 80.month overall survival. (OS) was determined with respect to prognostic factors including age, stage of disease, histopathological type, and adjuvant treatment. A total of 57 case records are retrieved for this retrospective analysis. The mean age of the patients is 62.5 ± 11.2 years. International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage distribution is stage I: 29; stage II: 13; stage III: 9; stage IV: 6. Fifty-seven patients underwent surgery, 33 received postoperative radiotherapy (PORT), and 32 received chemotherapy. Median follow-up period was 25 months (range 2-85 months). The 80-month OS for the entire group of patients was 36.7%. The significant prognostic factors for survival are age under 50 years, stage of disease, and adjuvant chemotherapy. Although limited by small sample size and retrospective nature, age under 50 years, stage of disease, and adjuvant chemotherapy are significant prognostic factors for survival for uterine sarcomas.

Dual-stage trapped-flux magnet cryostat for measurements at high magnetic fields

DOEpatents

Islam, Zahirul; Das, Ritesh K.; Weinstein, Roy

2015-04-14

A method and a dual-stage trapped-flux magnet cryostat apparatus are provided for implementing enhanced measurements at high magnetic fields. The dual-stage trapped-flux magnet cryostat system includes a trapped-flux magnet (TFM). A sample, for example, a single crystal, is adjustably positioned proximate to the surface of the TFM, using a translation stage such that the distance between the sample and the surface is selectively adjusted. A cryostat is provided with a first separate thermal stage provided for cooling the TFM and with a second separate thermal stage provided for cooling sample.

Design of a 3-Stage ADR for the Soft X-Ray Spectrometer Instrument on the Astro-H Mission

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Shirron, Peter J.; Kimball, Mark O.; Wegel, Donald C.; Canavan, Edgar R.; DiPirro, Michael J.

2011-01-01

The Japanese Astro-H mission will include the Soft X-ray Spectrometer (SXS) instrument, whose 36-pixel detector array of ultra-sensitive x-ray microcalorimeters requires cooling to 50 mK. This will be accomplished using a 3-stage adiabatic demagnetization refrigerator (ADR). The design is dictated by the need to operate with full redundancy with both a superfluid helium dewar at 1.3 K or below, and with a 4.5 K Joule-Thomson (JT) cooler. The ADR is configured as a 2-stage unit that is located in a well in the helium tank, and a third stage that is mounted to the top of the helium tank. The third stage is directly connected through two heat switches to the JT cooler and the helium tank, and manages heat flow between the two. When liquid helium is present, the 2-stage ADR operates in a single-shot manner using the superfluid helium as a heat sink. The third stage may be used independently to reduce the time-average heat load on the liquid to extend its lifetime. When the liquid is depleted, the 2nd and 3rd stages operate as a continuous ADR to maintain the helium tank at as low a temperature as possible - expected to be 1.2 K - and the 1st stage cools from that temperature as a single-stage, single-shot ADR. The ADR s design and operating modes are discussed, along with test results of the prototype 3-stage ADR.

PTT functional recovery in early stage II PTTD after tendon balancing and calcaneal lengthening osteotomy.

PubMed

Brilhault, Jean; Noël, Vincent

2012-10-01

The decision to offer surgery for Stage II posterior tibial tendon deficiency (PTTD) is a difficult one since orthotic treatment has been documented to be a viable alternative to surgery at this stage. Taking this into consideration we limited our treatment to bony realignment by a lengthening calcaneus Evans osteotomy and tendon balancing. The goal of the study was to clinically evaluate PTT functional recovery with this procedure. The patient population included 17 feet in 13 patients. Inclusion was limited to early Stage II PTTD flatfeet with grossly intact but deficient PTT. Deficiency was assessed by the lack of hindfoot inversion during single heel rise test. The surgical procedure included an Evans calcaneal opening wedge osteotomy with triceps surae and peroneus brevis tendon lengthening. PTT function at follow up was evaluated by an independent examiner. Evaluation was performed at an average of 4 (range, 2 to 6.3) years. One case presented postoperative subtalar pain that required subtalar fusion. Every foot could perform a single heel rise with 13 feet having active inversion of the hindfoot during elevation. The results of this study provide evidence of PTT functional recovery without augmentation in early Stage II. It challenges our understanding of early Stage II PTTD as well as the surgical guidelines recommending PTT augmentation at this specific stage.

Recording single neurons' action potentials from freely moving pigeons across three stages of learning.

PubMed

Starosta, Sarah; Stüttgen, Maik C; Güntürkün, Onur

2014-06-02

While the subject of learning has attracted immense interest from both behavioral and neural scientists, only relatively few investigators have observed single-neuron activity while animals are acquiring an operantly conditioned response, or when that response is extinguished. But even in these cases, observation periods usually encompass only a single stage of learning, i.e. acquisition or extinction, but not both (exceptions include protocols employing reversal learning; see Bingman et al.(1) for an example). However, acquisition and extinction entail different learning mechanisms and are therefore expected to be accompanied by different types and/or loci of neural plasticity. Accordingly, we developed a behavioral paradigm which institutes three stages of learning in a single behavioral session and which is well suited for the simultaneous recording of single neurons' action potentials. Animals are trained on a single-interval forced choice task which requires mapping each of two possible choice responses to the presentation of different novel visual stimuli (acquisition). After having reached a predefined performance criterion, one of the two choice responses is no longer reinforced (extinction). Following a certain decrement in performance level, correct responses are reinforced again (reacquisition). By using a new set of stimuli in every session, animals can undergo the acquisition-extinction-reacquisition process repeatedly. Because all three stages of learning occur in a single behavioral session, the paradigm is ideal for the simultaneous observation of the spiking output of multiple single neurons. We use pigeons as model systems, but the task can easily be adapted to any other species capable of conditioned discrimination learning.

Area G perimeter surface-soil and single-stage water sampling: Environmental surveillance for fiscal year 95. Progress report

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Childs, M.; Conrad, R.

1997-09-01

ESH-19 personnel collected soil and single-stage water samples around the perimeter of Area G at Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) during FY 95 to characterize possible radionuclide movement out of Area G through surface water and entrained sediment runoff. Soil samples were analyzed for tritium, total uranium, isotopic plutonium, americium-241, and cesium-137. The single-stage water samples were analyzed for tritium and plutonium isotopes. All radiochemical data was compared with analogous samples collected during FY 93 and 94 and reported in LA-12986 and LA-13165-PR. Six surface soils were also submitted for metal analyses. These data were included with similar data generatedmore » for soil samples collected during FY 94 and compared with metals in background samples collected at the Area G expansion area.« less

Application of dual-fuel propulsion to a single stage AMLS vehicle

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Lepsch, Roger A., Jr.; Stanley, Douglas O.; Unal, Resit

1993-01-01

As part of NASA's Advanced Manned Launch System (AMLS) study to determine a follow-on, or complement, to the Space Shuttle, a reusable single-stage-to-orbit concept utilizing dual-fuel rocket propulsion has been examined. Several dual-fuel propulsion concepts were investigated. These include: a separate engine concept combining Russian RD-170 kerosene-fueled engines with SSME-derivative engines; the kerosene and hydrogen-fueled Russian RD-701 engine concept; and a dual-fuel, dual-expander engine concept. Analysis to determine vehicle weight and size characteristics was performed using conceptual level design techniques. A response surface methodology for multidisciplinary design was utilized to optimize the dual-fuel vehicle concepts with respect to several important propulsion system and vehicle design parameters in order to achieve minimum empty weight. Comparisons were then made with a hydrogen-fueled reference, single-stage vehicle. The tools and methods employed in the analysis process are also summarized.

Article mounting and position adjustment stage

DOEpatents

Cutburth, R.W.; Silva, L.L.

1988-05-10

An improved adjustment and mounting stage of the type used for the detection of laser beams is disclosed. A ring sensor holder has locating pins on a first side thereof which are positioned within a linear keyway in a surrounding housing for permitting reciprocal movement of the ring along the keyway. A rotatable ring gear is positioned within the housing on the other side of the ring from the linear keyway and includes an oval keyway which drives the ring along the linear keyway upon rotation of the gear. Motor-driven single-stage and dual (x, y) stage adjustment systems are disclosed which are of compact construction and include a large laser transmission hole. 6 figs.

Article mounting and position adjustment stage

DOEpatents

Cutburth, Ronald W.; Silva, Leonard L.

1988-01-01

An improved adjustment and mounting stage of the type used for the detection of laser beams is disclosed. A ring sensor holder has locating pins on a first side thereof which are positioned within a linear keyway in a surrounding housing for permitting reciprocal movement of the ring along the keyway. A rotatable ring gear is positioned within the housing on the other side of the ring from the linear keyway and includes an oval keyway which drives the ring along the linear keyway upon rotation of the gear. Motor-driven single-stage and dual (x, y) stage adjustment systems are disclosed which are of compact construction and include a large laser transmission hole.

The efficacy of single-stage open intramedullary nailing of neglected femur fractures.

PubMed

Boopalan, P R J V C; Sait, Azad; Jepegnanam, Thilak Samuel; Matthai, Thomas; Varghese, Viju Daniel

2014-02-01

Neglected femur fractures are not rare in the developing world. Treatment options include single-stage open reduction and intramedullary nailing, or open release, skeletal traction, and then second-stage open intramedullary nailing, with bone grafting. Single-stage procedures have the potential advantage of avoiding neurovascular complications secondary to acute lengthening, but they require a second operation, with potentially increased resource use and infection risk. We sought to determine the (1) likelihood of union, (2) complications and reoperations, and (3) functional results with single-stage open intramedullary nailing without bone grafting in patients with neglected femur fractures. Between January 2003 and December 2007, 17 consecutive patients presented to our practice with neglected femoral shaft fractures. All were treated with single-stage nailing without bone grafting. There were 15 men and two women with a median age of 27 years. The average time from fracture to treatment was 13 weeks (range, 4-44 weeks). Eleven patients underwent open nailing with interlocked nails and six were treated with cloverleaf Kuntscher nails. Patients were followed for a minimum of 6 months (mean, 33 months; range, 6-72 months). The mean preoperative ROM of the knee was 28° (range, 10°-150°) and femoral length discrepancy was 3.1 cm (range, 1-5 cm). All fractures united and the mean time to union was 16 weeks (range, 7-32 weeks). There were no neurologic complications secondary to acute lengthening. The mean postoperative ROM of the knee was 130° (range, 60°-150°). All patients were able to return to preinjury work. Sixteen patients regained their original femoral length. One-stage open intramedullary nailing of neglected femoral diaphyseal fractures without bone grafting was safe and effective, and obviated the need for a two-stage approach. Although the findings need to be replicated in larger numbers of patients, we believe this technique may be useful in treating patients with this injury, and may offer advantages in resource-constrained environments.

Monolithic in-based III-V compound semiconductor focal plane array cell with single stage CCD output

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Fossum, Eric R. (Inventor); Cunningham, Thomas J. (Inventor); Krabach, Timothy N. (Inventor); Staller, Craig O. (Inventor)

1994-01-01

A monolithic semiconductor imager includes an indium-based III-V compound semiconductor monolithic active layer of a first conductivity type, an array of plural focal plane cells on the active layer, each of the focal plane cells including a photogate over a top surface of the active layer, a readout circuit dedicated to the focal plane cell including plural transistors formed monolithically with the monolithic active layer and a single-stage charge coupled device formed monolithically with the active layer between the photogate and the readout circuit for transferring photo-generated charge accumulated beneath the photogate during an integration period to the readout circuit. The photogate includes thin epitaxial semiconductor layer of a second conductivity type overlying the active layer and an aperture electrode overlying a peripheral portion of the thin epitaxial semiconductor layer, the aperture electrode being connectable to a photogate bias voltage.

Radiation tolerant combinational logic cell

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Maki, Gary R. (Inventor); Whitaker, Sterling (Inventor); Gambles, Jody W. (Inventor)

2009-01-01

A system has a reduced sensitivity to Single Event Upset and/or Single Event Transient(s) compared to traditional logic devices. In a particular embodiment, the system includes an input, a logic block, a bias stage, a state machine, and an output. The logic block is coupled to the input. The logic block is for implementing a logic function, receiving a data set via the input, and generating a result f by applying the data set to the logic function. The bias stage is coupled to the logic block. The bias stage is for receiving the result from the logic block and presenting it to the state machine. The state machine is coupled to the bias stage. The state machine is for receiving, via the bias stage, the result generated by the logic block. The state machine is configured to retain a state value for the system. The state value is typically based on the result generated by the logic block. The output is coupled to the state machine. The output is for providing the value stored by the state machine. Some embodiments of the invention produce dual rail outputs Q and Q'. The logic block typically contains combinational logic and is similar, in size and transistor configuration, to a conventional CMOS combinational logic design. However, only a very small portion of the circuits of these embodiments, is sensitive to Single Event Upset and/or Single Event Transients.

Mean-line Modeling of an Axial Turbine

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tkachenko, A. Yu; Ostapyuk, Ya A.; Filinov, E. P.

2018-01-01

The article describes the approach for axial turbine modeling along the mean line. It bases on the developed model of an axial turbine blade row. This model is suitable for both nozzle vanes and rotor blades simulations. Consequently, it allows the simulation of the single axial turbine stage as well as a multistage turbine. The turbine stage model can take into account the cooling air flow before and after a throat of each blade row, outlet straightener vanes existence and stagger angle controlling of nozzle vanes. The axial turbine estimation method includes the loss estimation and thermogasdynamic analysis. The single stage axial turbine was calculated with the developed model. The obtained results deviation was within 3% when comparing with the results of CFD modeling.

Step Cut Lengthening: A Technique for Treatment of Flexor Pollicis Longus Tendon Rupture.

PubMed

Chong, Chew-Wei; Chen, Shih-Heng

2018-04-01

Reconstruction of a tendon defect is a challenging task in hand surgery. Delayed repair of a ruptured flexor pollicis longus (FPL) tendon is often associated with tendon defect. Primary repair of the tendon is often not possible, particularly after debridement of the unhealthy segment of the tendon. As such, various surgical treatments have been described in the literature, including single-stage tendon grafting, 2-stage tendon grafting, flexor digitorum superficialis tendon transfer from ring finger, and interphalangeal joint arthrodesis. We describe step cut lengthening of FPL tendon for the reconstruction of FPL rupture. This is a single-stage reconstruction without the need for tendon grafting or tendon transfer. To our knowledge, no such technique has been previously described.

Recent high-speed ballistics experiments at ORNL

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Combs, S. K.; Gouge, M. J.; Baylor, L. R.; Fisher, P. W.; Foster, C. A.; Foust, C. R.; Milora, S. L.; Qualls, A. L.

Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) has been developing pellet injectors for plasma fueling experiments on magnetic confinement devices for almost 20 years. With these devices, pellets (1 to 8 mm in diameter) composed of hydrogen isotopes are formed (at temperatures less than 20 K) and typically accelerated to speeds of (approximately) 1.0 to 2.0 km/s for injection into plasmas of experimental fusion devices. A variety of pellet injector designs have been developed at ORNL, including repeating pneumatic injectors (single- and multiple-barrel light gas guns) that can inject up to hundreds of pellets for long-pulse plasma operation. The repeating pneumatic injectors are of particular importance because long-pulse fueling is required for present large experimental fusion devices, with steady-state operation the objective for future fusion reactors. In this paper, recent advancements in the development of repeating pneumatic injectors are described, including (1) a small-bore (1.8-mm), high-firing-rate (10-Hz) version of a single-stage light gas gun; (2) a repeating single-stage light gas gun for 8-mm-diam tritium pellets; (3) a repeating two-stage light gas gun for operation at higher pellet velocities; and (4) a steady-state hydrogen extruder feed system.

Recent high-speed ballistics experiments at ORNL

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Combs, S.K.; Gouge, M.J.; Baylor, L.R.

1994-12-31

Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) has been developing pellet injectors for plasma fueling experiments on magnetic confinement devices for almost 20 years. With these devices, pellets (1 to 8 mm in diameter) composed of hydrogen isotopes are formed (at temperatures <20 K) and typically accelerated to speeds of {approximately} 1.0 to 2.0 km/s for injection into plasmas of experimental fusion devices. A variety of pellet injector designs have been developed at ORNL, including repeating pneumatic injectors (single- and multiple-barrel light gas guns) that can inject up to hundreds of pellets for long-pulse plasma operation. The repeating pneumatic injectors are ofmore » particular importance because long-pulse fueling is required for present large experimental fusion devices, with steady-state operation the objective for future fusion reactors. In this paper, recent advancements in the development of repeating pneumatic injectors are described, including (1) a small-bore (1.8-mm), high-firing-rate (10-Hz) version of a single-stage light gas gun; (2) a repeating single-stage light gas gun for 8-mm-diam tritium pellets; (3) a repeating two-stage light gas gun for operation at higher pellet velocities; and (4) a steady-state hydrogen extruder feed system.« less

A tetrad of bicuspid aortic valve association: A single-stage repair

PubMed Central

Barik, Ramachandra; Patnaik, A. N.; Mishra, Ramesh C.; Kumari, N. Rama; Gulati, A. S.

2012-01-01

We report a 27 years old male who presented with a combination of both congenital and acquired cardiac defects. This syndrome complex includes congenital bicuspid aortic valve, Seller's grade II aortic regurgitation, juxta- subclavian coarctation, stenosis of ostium of left subclavian artery and ruptured sinus of Valsalva aneurysm without any evidence of infective endocarditis. This type of constellation is extremely rare. Neither coarctation of aorta with left subclavian artery stenosis nor the rupture of sinus Valsalva had a favorable pathology for percutaneus intervention. Taking account into morbidity associated with repeated surgery and anesthesia patient underwent a single stage surgical repair of both the defects by two surgical incisions. The approaches include median sternotomy for rupture of sinus of Valsalva and lateral thoracotomy for coarctation with left subclavian artery stenosis. The surgery was uneventful. After three months follow up echocardiography showed mild residual gradient across the repaired coarctation segment, mild aortic regurgitation and no residual left to right shunt. This patient is under follow up. This is an extremely rare case of single stage successful repair of coarctation and rupture of sinus of Valsalva associated with congenital bicuspid aortic valve. PMID:22629035

A tetrad of bicuspid aortic valve association: A single-stage repair.

PubMed

Barik, Ramachandra; Patnaik, A N; Mishra, Ramesh C; Kumari, N Rama; Gulati, A S

2012-04-01

We report a 27 years old male who presented with a combination of both congenital and acquired cardiac defects. This syndrome complex includes congenital bicuspid aortic valve, Seller's grade II aortic regurgitation, juxta- subclavian coarctation, stenosis of ostium of left subclavian artery and ruptured sinus of Valsalva aneurysm without any evidence of infective endocarditis. This type of constellation is extremely rare. Neither coarctation of aorta with left subclavian artery stenosis nor the rupture of sinus Valsalva had a favorable pathology for percutaneus intervention. Taking account into morbidity associated with repeated surgery and anesthesia patient underwent a single stage surgical repair of both the defects by two surgical incisions. The approaches include median sternotomy for rupture of sinus of Valsalva and lateral thoracotomy for coarctation with left subclavian artery stenosis. The surgery was uneventful. After three months follow up echocardiography showed mild residual gradient across the repaired coarctation segment, mild aortic regurgitation and no residual left to right shunt. This patient is under follow up. This is an extremely rare case of single stage successful repair of coarctation and rupture of sinus of Valsalva associated with congenital bicuspid aortic valve.

Rotor redesign for a highly loaded 1800 ft/sec tip speed fan, 2

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Bolt, C. R.

1980-01-01

Tests were conducted on a 0.5 hub/tip ratio single-stage fan designed to produce a pressure ratio of 2.280 at an efficiency of 83.8 percent with a rotor tip speed of 548.6 m/sec (1800 ft/sec). The rotor was designed utilizing a quasi three dimensional design system and four-part, multiple-circular-arc airfoil sections. The rotor is the third in a series of single-stage fans that have included a precompression airfoil design and a multiple-circular-arc airfoil design. The stage achieved a peak efficiency of 82.8 percent after performance had deteriorated by 0.6 of a point. The design mass flow was achieved at the peak efficiency point, and the stage total pressure ratio was 2.20, which is lower than the design goal of 2.28. The surge margin of 13% from the peak efficiency point exceeded the design goal of 7%.

Marital status and colon cancer outcomes in US Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results registries: does marriage affect cancer survival by gender and stage?

PubMed

Wang, Li; Wilson, Sven E; Stewart, David B; Hollenbeak, Christopher S

2011-10-01

Marital status has been associated with outcomes in several cancer sites including breast cancer in the literature, but little is known about colon cancer, the fourth most common cancer in the US. A total of 127,753 patients with colon cancer were identified who were diagnosed between 1992 and 2006 in the US Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) Program. Marital status consisted of married, single, separated/divorced and widowed. Chi-square tests were used to examine the association between marital status and other variables. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to estimate survival curves. Cox proportional hazards models were fit to estimate the effect of marital status on survival. Married patients were more likely to be diagnosed at an earlier stage (and for men also at an older age) compared with single and separated/divorced patients, and more likely to receive surgical treatment than all other marital groups (all p<0.0001). The five-year survival rate for the single was six percentage points lower than the married for both men and women. After controlling for age, race, cancer stage and surgery receipt, married patients had a significantly lower risk of death from cancer (for men, HR: 0.86, CI: 0.82-0.90; for women, HR: 0.87, CI: 0.83-0.91) compared with the single. Within the same cancer stage, the survival differences between the single and the married were strongest for localized and regional stages, which had overall middle-range survival rates compared to in situ or distant stage so that support from marriage could make a big difference. Marriage was associated with better outcomes of colon cancer for both men and women, and being single was associated with lower survival rate from colon cancer. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Hypersonic airbreathing vehicle visions and enhancing technologies

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hunt, James L.; Lockwood, Mary Kae; Petley, Dennis H.; Pegg, Robert J.

1997-01-01

This paper addresses the visions for hypersonic airbreathing vehicles and the advanced technologies that forge and enhance the designs. The matrix includes space access vehicles (single-stage-to-orbit (SSTO), two-stage-to-orbit (2STO) and three-stage-to-orbit (3STO)) and endoatmospheric vehicles (airplanes—missiles are omitted). The characteristics, the performance potential, the technologies and the synergies will be discussed. A common design constraint is that all vehicles (space access and endoatmospheric) have enclosed payload bays.

Staged Single Ventricle Palliation and Homozygous Sickle Cell Disease.

PubMed

Maddali, Madan Mohan; Junghare, Minakshi Sandip; Nishant, Arora Ram; Kandachar, Pranav Subbaraya; Valliattu, Johan

2016-04-01

Hypoxemia is a well-known trigger for precipitating a sickling crisis in patients with sickle cell disease. Patients undergoing staged single ventricle palliation have hypoxemia during the initial stages of the Fontan pathway. The successful completion of staged single ventricle palliation in a child with a combination of homozygous sickle cell disease and a single ventricle physiology that tolerate prolonged hypoxemia during earlier stages of Fontan pathway is described. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Staged regenerative sorption heat pump

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Jones, Jack A. (Inventor)

1995-01-01

A regenerative adsorbent heat pump process and system for cooling and heating a space. A sorbent is confined in a plurality of compressors of which at least four are first stage and at least four are second stage. The first stage operates over a first pressure region and the second stage over a second pressure region which is higher than the first. Sorbate from the first stage enters the second stage. The sorbate loop includes a condenser, expansion valve, evaporator and the compressors. A single sorbate loop can be employed for single-temperature-control such as air conditioning and heating. Two sorbate loops can be used for two-temperature-control as in a refrigerator and freezer. The evaporator temperatures control the freezer and refrigerator temperatures. Alternatively the refrigerator temperature can be cooled by the freezer with one sorbate loop. A heat transfer fluid is circulated in a closed loop which includes a radiator and the compressors. Low temperature heat is exhausted by the radiator. High temperature heat is added to the heat transfer fluid entering the compressors which are desorbing vapor. Heat is transferred from compressors which are sorbing vapor to the heat transfer fluid, and from the heat transfer fluid to the compressors which are desorbing vapor. Each compressor is subjected to the following phases, heating to its highest temperature, cooling down from its highest temperature, cooling to its lowest temperature, and warming up from its lowest temperature. The phases are repeated to complete a cycle and regenerate heat.

Space Launch System Mission Flexibility Assessment

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Monk, Timothy; Holladay, Jon; Sanders, Terry; Hampton, Bryan

2012-01-01

The Space Launch System (SLS) is envisioned as a heavy lift vehicle that will provide the foundation for future beyond low Earth orbit (LEO) missions. While multiple assessments have been performed to determine the optimal configuration for the SLS, this effort was undertaken to evaluate the flexibility of various concepts for the range of missions that may be required of this system. These mission scenarios include single launch crew and/or cargo delivery to LEO, single launch cargo delivery missions to LEO in support of multi-launch mission campaigns, and single launch beyond LEO missions. Specifically, we assessed options for the single launch beyond LEO mission scenario using a variety of in-space stages and vehicle staging criteria. This was performed to determine the most flexible (and perhaps optimal) method of designing this particular type of mission. A specific mission opportunity to the Jovian system was further assessed to determine potential solutions that may meet currently envisioned mission objectives. This application sought to significantly reduce mission cost by allowing for a direct, faster transfer from Earth to Jupiter and to determine the order-of-magnitude mass margin that would be made available from utilization of the SLS. In general, smaller, existing stages provided comparable performance to larger, new stage developments when the mission scenario allowed for optimal LEO dropoff orbits (e.g. highly elliptical staging orbits). Initial results using this method with early SLS configurations and existing Upper Stages showed the potential of capturing Lunar flyby missions as well as providing significant mass delivery to a Jupiter transfer orbit.

The AGT 101 advanced automotive gas turbine

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Rackley, R. A.; Kidwell, J. R.

1982-01-01

A development program is described whose goal is the accumulation of the technology base needed by the U.S. automotive industry for the production of automotive gas turbine powertrains. Such gas turbine designs must exhibit reduced fuel consumption, a multi-fuel capability, and low exhaust emissions. The AGT101 powertrain described is a 74.6 kW, regenerated single-shaft gas turbine, operating at a maximum inlet temperature of 1644 K and coupled to a split differential gearbox and automatic overdrive transmission. The engine's single stage centrifugal compressor and single stage radial inflow turbine are mounted on a common shaft, and will operate at a maximum rotor speed of 100,000 rpm. All high temperature components, including the turbine rotor, are ceramic.

Multi-staged repair of contaminated primary and recurrent giant incisional herniae in the same hospital admission: a proposal for a new approach.

PubMed

Siddique, K; Shrestha, A; Basu, S

2014-02-01

Repair of primary and recurrent giant incisional herniae is extremely challenging and more so in the face of surgical field contamination. Literature supports the single- and multi-staged approaches including the use of biological meshes for these difficult patients with their associated benefits and limitations. This is a retrospective analysis of a prospective study of five patients who were successfully treated through a multi-staged approach but in the same hospital admission, not previously described, for the repair of contaminated primary and recurrent giant incisional herniae in a district general hospital between 2009 and 2012. Patient demographics including their BMI and ASA, previous and current operative history including complications and follow-up were collected in a secure database. The first stage involved the eradication of contamination, and the second stage was the definitive hernia repair with the new generation-coated synthetic meshes. Of the five patients, three were men and two women with a mean age of 58 (45-74) years. Two patients had grade 4 while the remaining had grade 3 hernia as per the hernia grading system with a mean BMI of 35 (30-46). All patients required extensive adhesiolysis, bowel resection and anastomoses and wash out. Hernial defect was measured as 204* (105-440) cm(2), size of mesh implant was 568* (375-930) cm(2) and the total duration of operation (1st + 2nd Stage) was 354* (270-540) min. Duration of hospital stay was 11* (7-19) days with a follow-up of 17* (6-36) months. We believe that our multi-staged approach in the same hospital admission (for the repair of contaminated primary and recurrent giant incisional herniae), excludes the disadvantages of a true multi-staged approach and simultaneously minimises the risks and complications associated with a single-staged repair, can be adopted for these challenging patients for a successful outcome (* indicates mean).

Two-stage urethroplasty is a better choice for proximal hypospadias with severe chordee after urethral plate transection: a single-center experience.

PubMed

Zheng, Da-Chao; Yao, Hai-Jun; Cai, Zhi-Kang; Da, Jun; Chen, Qi; Chen, Yan-Bo; Zhang, Ke; Xu, Ming-Xi; Lu, Mu-Jun; Wang, Zhong

2015-01-01

It is still debatable whether single- or two-stage urethroplasty is a more suitable technique for treating hypospadias with severe chordee after urethral plate transection. This retrospective study evaluated these two techniques. A total of 66 patients of proximal hypospadias with severe chordee were divided into two groups according to the techniques they underwent: 32 and 34 patients underwent single-stage (Duckett) or two-stage urethroplasty, respectively. Median ages at presentation were 7.5 years and 11.0 years in single-stage and two-stage repair groups, respectively. Median follow-ups were 28.5 months (20-60 months) and 35 months (18-60 months) in the single-stage and two-stage groups, respectively. The meatus of the neourethra was located at the top of the glans in all patients. No recurrence of chordee was found during follow-up, and all patients or parents were satisfied with the penile length and appearance. Complications were encountered in eight patients in both groups, with no statistically significant differences between the two techniques. The late complication rate of stricture was higher after the single-stage procedure (18.75% vs 0%). The complication rate after single-stage repairs was significantly lower in the prepubescent subgroup (10.52%) than in the postpubescent cohort (46.15%). These results indicate that the urethral plate transection effectively corrects severe chordee associated with proximal hypospadias during the intermediate follow-up period. Considering the higher rate of stricture after single-stage urethroplasty, two-stage urethroplasty is recommended for proximal hypospadias with severe chordee after urethral plate transection.

Hypersonic airbreathing vehicle visions and enhancing technologies

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Hunt, J.L.; Lockwood, M.K.; Petley, D.H.

1997-01-01

This paper addresses the visions for hypersonic airbreathing vehicles and the advanced technologies that forge and enhance the designs. The matrix includes space access vehicles (single-stage-to-orbit (SSTO), two-stage-to-orbit (2STO) and three-stage-to-orbit (3STO)) and endoatmospheric vehicles (airplanes{emdash}missiles are omitted). The characteristics, the performance potential, the technologies and the synergies will be discussed. A common design constraint is that all vehicles (space access and endoatmospheric) have enclosed payload bays. {copyright} {ital 1997 American Institute of Physics.}

First Results from the Cornell COBRA Accelerator for Light Ion ICF Research

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lindholm, F.; Krastelev, E. G.; Greenly, J. B.; Kusse, B. R.

1996-11-01

COBRA, the Cornell Beam Research Accelerator, is a four-stage linear induction adder based on the Sandia National Laboratories SABRE accelerator design. The full 4 × 1 MV, 200 kA, 40 ns COBRA was completed in June 1996, after a year of initial operation with a single stage. Accelerator operation will be described, and first experimental results of power coupling and ion beam generation using a closely-coupled (short MITL) applied-B extraction ion diode load will be presented. A diagnostic package for beam optics including local microdivergence and aiming measurements is being developed, and results from both the single-stage experiments and new experiments on the full accelerator will be presented. A 20 ns, 15% voltage precursor to the main pulse resulting from coupling through the nonlinear magnetization characteristic of the Metglas^circR core at high magnetization rate was seen in the single-cell experiments. This mechanism will be discussed and its consequences on the full accelerator will be investigated.

A method for determining optimum phasing of a multiphase propulsion system for a single-stage vehicle with linearized inert weight

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Martin, J. A.

1974-01-01

A general analytical treatment is presented of a single-stage vehicle with multiple propulsion phases. A closed-form solution for the cost and for the performance and a derivation of the optimal phasing of the propulsion are included. Linearized variations in the inert weight elements are included, and the function to be minimized can be selected. The derivation of optimal phasing results in a set of nonlinear algebraic equations for optimal fuel volumes, for which a solution method is outlined. Three specific example cases are analyzed: minimum gross lift-off weight, minimum inert weight, and a minimized general function for a two-phase vehicle. The results for the two-phase vehicle are applied to the dual-fuel rocket. Comparisons with single-fuel vehicles indicate that dual-fuel vehicles can have lower inert weight either by development of a dual-fuel engine or by parallel burning of separate engines from lift-off.

Standardized Protocol for Virtual Surgical Plan and 3-Dimensional Surgical Template-Assisted Single-Stage Mandible Contour Surgery.

PubMed

Fu, Xi; Qiao, Jia; Girod, Sabine; Niu, Feng; Liu, Jian Feng; Lee, Gordon K; Gui, Lai

2017-09-01

Mandible contour surgery, including reduction gonioplasty and genioplasty, has become increasingly popular in East Asia. However, it is technically challenging and, hence, leads to a long learning curve and high complication rates and often needs secondary revisions. The increasing use of 3-dimensional (3D) technology makes accurate single-stage mandible contour surgery with minimum complication rates possible with a virtual surgical plan (VSP) and 3-D surgical templates. This study is to establish a standardized protocol for VSP and 3-D surgical templates-assisted mandible contour surgery and evaluate the accuracy of the protocol. In this study, we enrolled 20 patients for mandible contour surgery. Our protocol is to perform VSP based on 3-D computed tomography data. Then, design and 3-D print surgical templates based on preoperative VSP. The accuracy of the method was analyzed by 3-D comparison of VSP and postoperative results using detailed computer analysis. All patients had symmetric, natural osteotomy lines and satisfactory facial ratios in a single-stage operation. The average relative error of VSP and postoperative result on the entire skull was 0.41 ± 0.13 mm. The average new left gonial error was 0.43 ± 0.77 mm. The average new right gonial error was 0.45 ± 0.69 mm. The average pognion error was 0.79 ± 1.21 mm. Patients were very satisfied with the aesthetic results. Surgeons were very satisfied with the performance of surgical templates to facilitate the operation. Our standardized protocol of VSP and 3-D printed surgical templates-assisted single-stage mandible contour surgery results in accurate, safe, and predictable outcome in a single stage.

Single-Stage Resection of Type II Constriction Rings in Limbs on the Basis of Histologic and Magnetic Resonance Imaging Observations: A Retrospective Study of 21 Consecutive Patients.

PubMed

Jiang, Yongkang; Mao, Hailei; Yang, Xi; Zhou, Shengbo; Ni, Feng; Xu, Qiming; Wang, Bin

2016-07-01

The purpose of this study was to determine the feasibility of single-stage resection for type II congenital constriction rings by means of histologic examination of resected specimens and imaging examination of affected extremities, and to evaluate the appearance and function of the extremities after single-stage surgery. The features of the skin on the constriction rings and the subcutaneous tissues were identified through continuous sectioning, hematoxylin and eosin staining, and immunohistologic staining of specimens of type II constriction rings obtained by means of surgery. The relationship between the constriction rings and the deep main blood vessels was evaluated using magnetic resonance imaging. Single-stage resection of the constriction band, reduction of the fascial flap, and triangular flap-plasty were performed for 21 patients. The appearance, lymphedema, and movement of the extremities were compared before and after the operation. Type II constriction rings in the extremities had normal full-layer skin structures. Collagen was found deposited densely at the base of the grooves, but the normal subcutaneous tissue space remained, and the vital nerves and blood vessels were unaffected. Complete resection of the constriction rings was achieved in all 21 patients, and lymphedema subsided 2 months after the operation. No episode of recurrence was found, and limb function was not affected at 26-month follow-up. Type II congenital constriction rings in limbs possess normal subcutaneous tissue spaces. A single-stage operation, which includes complete resection of the rings, fascial flap reduction, and triangular flap-plasty, could achieve a satisfactory appearance and good function. Therapeutic, III.

29 CFR 825.115 - Continuing treatment.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... single underlying condition); and (3) May cause episodic rather than a continuing period of incapacity (e... treatment by, a health care provider. Examples include Alzheimer's, a severe stroke, or the terminal stages...

29 CFR 825.115 - Continuing treatment.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... single underlying condition); and (3) May cause episodic rather than a continuing period of incapacity (e... treatment by, a health care provider. Examples include Alzheimer's, a severe stroke, or the terminal stages...

29 CFR 825.115 - Continuing treatment.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... single underlying condition); and (3) May cause episodic rather than a continuing period of incapacity (e... treatment by, a health care provider. Examples include Alzheimer's, a severe stroke, or the terminal stages...

Northrop Grumman HEC flight coaxial cryocoolers performance

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Nguyen, T.; Russo, J.; Basel, G.; Chi, D.; Abelson, L.

2018-05-01

The Northrop Grumman Aerospace Systems (NGAS) has expanded the cryocooler product line to include a single stage High Efficiency Cryocooler (HEC) cooler with a coaxial pulse tube cold head that operates at temperatures down to 45K. The HEC coaxial pulse tube cooler has been adopted by several customers, and has completed acceptance testing to meet program flight requirements. The NGAS TRL 9 HEC is a pulse tube cryocooler with a flexure bearing compressor which has been delivered for a number of flight payloads that are currently operating in space. To date, NGAS has delivered space cryocoolers in several configurations including single stage with a linear cold head and two stage with both linear and coaxial cold heads. The new HEC coaxial cooler uses the same TRL9 HEC compressor with a passive pulse tube cold head, to maintain the flight heritage of the HEC linear cooler. In this paper, we present the flight acceptance test data of the HEC coaxial cryocooler, which includes thermal performance, launch vibration and thermal cycling. The HEC coaxial cooler has demonstrated excellent performance in family with the flight qualified HEC linear cooler. The HEC coaxial cooler provides users with additional flexibility in selecting the cold head configuration to meet their particular applications.

Small, high-pressure, liquid oxygen turbopump

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Csomor, A.

1978-01-01

A small, high-pressure, LOX turbopump was designed, fabricated, and tested. The pump was of a single-stage, centrifugal type; power to the pump was supplied by a single-stage, partial-admission, axial-impulse turbine. Design conditions included an operating speed of 7330 rad/sec (70,000 rpm) pump discharge pressure of 2977 N/sq cm (4318 psia), and a pump flowrate of 16.4 kg/s (36.21 lb/sec). The turbine was propelled by LOX/LH2 combustion products at 1041 K (1874 R) inlet temperature, and at a design pressure ratio of 1.424. Test data obtained with the turbopump are presented and mechanical performance is discussed.

The X-33 Program, Proving Single Stage to Orbit

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Austin, Robert E.; Rising, Jerry J.

1998-01-01

The X-33, NASA's flagship for reusable space plane technology demonstration, is on course to permit a crucial decision for the nation by the end of this decade. Lockheed Martin Skunk Works, NASA's partner in this effort, has led a dedicated and talented industry and government team that have met and solved numerous challenges within the first 26 months. This program began by accepting the mandate that included two unprecedented and highly challenging goals: 1) demonstrate single stage to orbit technologies in flight and ground demonstration in less than 42 months and 2) demonstrate a new government and industry management relationship working together with industry in the lead.

Characterization of Subsystems for a WB-003 Single Stage Shuttle

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

MacConochie, Ian O.; Lepsch, Roger A., Jr. (Technical Monitor)

2002-01-01

Subsystems for an all oxygen-hydrogen-single-stage shuttle are characterized for a vehicle designated WB-003. Features of the vehicle include all-electric actuation, fiber optics for information circuitry, fuel cells for power generation, and extensive use of composites for structure. The vehicle is sized for the delivery of a 25,000 lb. payload to a space station orbit without crew. When crew are being delivered, they are carried in a module in the payload bay with escape and manual override capabilities. The underlying reason for undertaking this task is to provide a framework for the study of the operations costs of the newer shuttles.

Deep Vein Thrombosis After Complex Posterior Spine Surgery: Does Staged Surgery Make a Difference?

PubMed

Edwards, Charles C; Lessing, Noah L; Ford, Lisa; Edwards, Charles C

Retrospective review of a prospectively collected database. To assess the incidence of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) associated with single- versus multistage posterior-only complex spinal surgeries. Dividing the physiologic burden of spinal deformity surgery into multiple stages has been suggested as a potential means of reducing perioperative complications. DVT is a worrisome complication owing to its potential to lead to pulmonary embolism. Whether or not staging affects DVT incidence in this population is unknown. Consecutive patients undergoing either single- or multistage posterior complex spinal surgeries over a 12-year period at a single institution were eligible. All patients received lower extremity venous duplex ultrasonographic (US) examinations 2 to 4 days postoperatively in the single-stage group and 2 to 4 days postoperatively after each stage in the multistage group. Multivariate logistic regression was used to assess the independent contribution of staging to developing a DVT. A total of 107 consecutive patients were enrolled-26 underwent multistage surgery and 81 underwent single-stage surgery. The single-stage group was older (63 years vs. 45 years; p < .01) and had a higher Charlson comorbidity index (2.25 ± 1.27 vs. 1.23 ± 1.58; p < .01). More multistage patients had positive US tests than single-stage patients (5 of 26 vs. 6 of 81; 19% vs. 7%; p = .13). Adjusting for all the above-mentioned covariates, a multistage surgery was 8.17 (95% CI 0.35-250.6) times more likely to yield a DVT than a single-stage surgery. Patients who undergo multistage posterior complex spine surgery are at a high risk for developing a DVT compared to those who undergo single-stage procedures. The difference in DVT incidence may be understated as the multistage group had a lower pre- and intraoperative risk profile with a younger age, lower medical comorbidities, and less per-stage blood loss. Copyright © 2017 Scoliosis Research Society. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Morphological embryo selection: an elective single embryo transfer proposal.

PubMed

Déniz, Francisco Parera; Encinas, Carlos; Fuente, Jorge La

2018-03-01

To describe a patient selection method for elective single embryo transfer (eSET), emphasizing inclusion criteria and results. This retrospective study included all cases seen in a private clinic between June 2011 and December 2016, in La Paz, Bolivia (3600 meters above sea level). Elective single embryo transfer was the method of choice in 34 IVF/ICSI cycles, all in the blastocyst stage. Gardner's blastocyst classification criteria were used. Between the two stages of the study (July 2015), each embryo grade implantation rate was recalculated, which led to the expansion of the inclusion criteria. The clinical pregnancy rate of the 34 cases in the first transfer group was 55.9% (19/34). Twin or multiple pregnancies did not occur. The cumulative pregnancy rate to date is 64% [(19+3)/34]. The first stage comprised 2.56% (12/468) of the patients offered elective single embryo transfers; the implantation rate was 58.3% (7/12). In the second stage, 14.29% (22/154) of the patients were eligible, and the implantation rate was 54.55% (12/22). The implementation of an eSET program based on in-depth morphological embryo assessment combined with the calculation of the implantation potential of each embryo grade led to acceptable clinical outcomes and fewer multiple pregnancies in patients transferred two embryos. Each clinic should be aware of the implantation rates of each embryo grade in its own setting.

How can recovery be enhanced after single-stage laparoscopic management of CBD stones? Endoscopic treatment versus laparoscopic surgery.

PubMed

Chapuis-Roux, Emilie; Pellissier, Laurent; Browet, Francois; Berthou, Jean Charles; Hakim, Sami; Brazier, Franck; Cosse, Cyril; Delcenserie, Richard; Regimbeau, Jean Marc

2017-07-01

Single-stage management of CBD stones comprises simultaneous common bile duct (CBD) clearance and cholecystectomy. The CBD can be cleared by using endoscopic treatment (ET) or laparoscopic surgery (LS) alone. To determine the most rapid recovery after the single-stage laparoscopic management of CBD stones. Patients with CBD stones treated at either of two centers (one performing ET only and one performing LS only for single-stage treatment) were included. The primary endpoint was "the textbook outcome". The feasibility rate was 74% for ET and 100% for LS (p≤0.001). The proportion of cases with the textbook outcome was higher in the ET group than in the LS-only group (73% vs. 10%; p<0.001). The CBD clearance rate was similar in the ET and LS-only groups (100% vs. 96.6%, respectively; p=0.17). The overall morbidity rate was lower in the ET group than in the LS-only group (23% vs. 29%, p=0.05). Both ET and LS are feasible, safe and effective for clearance of the CBD. ET was better than LS in terms of a less frequent requirement for drainage and a shorter length of hospital stay. LS was associated with a shorter operating time. Copyright © 2017 Editrice Gastroenterologica Italiana S.r.l. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Single-stage anterior high sacrectomy for locally recurrent rectal cancer.

PubMed

Fawaz, Khaled; Khaled, Fawaz; Smith, Myles J; Moises, Cukier; Smith, Andrew J; Yee, Albert J M

2014-03-01

A review of prospectively collected data on a consecutive series of patients undergoing single-stage anterior high sacrectomy for locally recurrent rectal carcinoma (LRRC). To determine the clinical outcome of patients who underwent anterior high sacrectomy for LRRC. High sacrectomy for oncological resection remains technically challenging. Surgery has the potential to achieve cure in carefully selected patients. Complete (R0) tumor excision in LRRC may require sacrectomy. High sacral resections (S3 and above) typically require a combined anterior/supine and posterior/prone procedure. We investigated our experience performing single-stage anterior high sacrectomy for LRRC. A consecutive series of patients with LRRC without systemic metastases who underwent resection with curative intent requiring high sacrectomy were identified. A review of a prospectively maintained colorectal and spine cancer database data was performed. An oblique dome high sacral osteotomy was performed during a single-stage anterior procedure. Outcome measures included surgical resection margin status, hospital length of stay, postoperative complications, physical functioning status, and overall survival. Nineteen consecutive patients were treated between 2002 and 2011. High sacrectomy was performed at sacral level S1-S2 in 4 patients, S2-S3 in 9 patients, and through S3 in 6 patients. An R0 resection margin was achieved histologically in all 19 cases. There was 1 early (<30 d) postoperative death (1/19, 5%). At median follow-up of 38 months, 13 patients had no evidence of residual disease, 1 was alive with disease, and 4 had died of disease. Morbidities occurred in 15 of the 19 patients (79%). Although high sacrectomy may require a combined anterior and posterior surgical approach, our series demonstrates the feasibility of performing single-stage anterior high sacrectomy in LRRC, with acceptable risks and outcomes compared with the literature. The procedure described by us for LRRC lessens the need for a simultaneous or staged prone posterior resection, with favorable R0 tumor resections, patient survival, and clinical outcomes. N/A.

The midline-based nasolabial transposition (MNT) flap: an original single-stage technique for nasal tip reconstruction.

PubMed

Beustes-Stefanelli, Matthieu; O'Toole, Greg; Schertenleib, Pierre

2015-04-01

Nasolabial flaps based on the lateral side of the nose for the reconstruction of lateral nasal defects in a single-stage procedure have been described. Similarly, in midline defects, nasolabial flaps can be used but a 2-stage procedure is classically required. The Midline-based Nasolabial Transposition (MNT) flap is presented as a new single-stage procedure for nasal tip reconstruction. Between 2009 and 2011, an MNT flap was used as a single-stage procedure in 3 cases of large nasal defects of the tip where the forehead flap was either contraindicated or rejected as an option by the patient. There were no complications and a satisfactory aesthetic result was achieved in all cases. The MNT flap is a new single-stage procedure for large nasal tip defects and as such represents an interesting alternative to the classical 2-stage forehead and nasolabial flaps, especially in elderly patients.

Shock Equation of State of Multi-Phase Epoxy-Based Composite (Al-MnO2-Epoxy)

DTIC Science & Technology

2010-10-01

single stage light gas gun , two...using three different loading techniques— single stage light gas gun , two stage light gas gun , and explosive loading—with multiple diagnostic...wave speed. B. Single stage gas gun loading experiments Four gas gun -driven equation of state experiments were conducted at NSWC-Indian Head using

Magnetic gauge instrumentation on the LANL gas-driven two-stage gun

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Alcon, R. R.; Sheffield, S. A.; Martinez, A. R.; Gustavsen, R. L.

1998-07-01

The LANL gas-driven two-stage gun was designed and built to do initiation studies on insensitive high explosives as well as equation of state and reaction experiments on other materials. The preferred method of measuring reaction phenomena involves the use of in-situ magnetic particle velocity gauges. In order to accommodate this type of gauging in our two-stage gun, it has a 50-mm-diameter launch tube. We have used magnetic gauging on our 72-mm bore diameter single-stage gun for over 15 years and it has proven a very effective technique for all types of shock wave experiments, including those on high explosives. This technique has now been installed on our gas-driven two-stage gun. We describe the method used, as well as some of the difficulties that arose during the installation. Several magnetic gauge experiments have been completed on plastic materials. Waveforms obtained in some of the experiments will be discussed. Up to 10 in-situ particle velocity measurements can be made in a single experiment. This new technique is now working quite well, as is evidenced by the data. To our knowledge, this is the first time magnetic gauging has been used on a two-stage gun.

Stage-based mortality of grassland grasshoppers (Acrididae) from wandering spider (Lycosidae) predation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Oedekoven, Mark A.; Joern, Anthony

1998-12-01

Mortality rates in insects, including grasshoppers (Acrididae), are often stage- or size-specific. We estimated stage-specific mortality rates for three common grasshopper species from a Nebraska (USA) sandhills grassland ( Ageneotettix deorum, Melanoplus sanguinipes and Phoetaliotes nebrascensis), and partitioned the impact due to wandering spider predation from remaining sources. Survivorship was estimated for multiple developmental stages (3rd instar through adult) under experimental conditions that either prevented or permitted predation from free-living, wandering spiders (primarily Schizocosa species). Total stage-specific mortality, including spider predation, examined over the period of single stages was greatest for the youngest stages (91% for 3rd instar, 73% for 4th instar, 63.5% for 5th instar and 30.4% for adults). For the developmental stages considered and averaged for all species, the contribution to total mortality from spider predation over the 10-d period (approximately the length of a developmental stage) ranged from 17% for 3rd instar nymphs to 23% for 4th and 5th instars, and an undetectable level for adults. While spiders may depress grasshopper numbers, contributions from spider predation to grasshopper population dynamics are uncertain.

The Incidence of Complications in Single-stage Endoscopic Stone Removal for Patients with Common Bile Duct Stones: A Propensity Score Analysis.

PubMed

Saito, Hirokazu; Kadono, Yoshihiro; Kamikawa, Kentaro; Urata, Atsushi; Imamura, Haruo; Matsushita, Ikuo; Kakuma, Tatsuyuki; Tada, Shuji

2018-02-15

Objective Single-stage endoscopic stone removal for choledocholithiasis is an advantageous approach because it is associated with a shorter hospital stay; however, few studies have reported the incidence of complications related to this procedure in detail. The aim of this study was to examine the incidence of complications and efficacy of this procedure. Methods This retrospective study investigated the incidence of complications in 345 patients with naive papilla who underwent therapeutic endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) for choledocholithiasis at three institutions between April 2014 and March 2016 by a propensity score analysis. The efficacy of single-stage endoscopic stone removal was assessed based on a hospital stay of within 7 days and the number of ERCP attempts. Results Among 114 patients who underwent single-stage endoscopic stone removal, 15 patients (13.2%) experienced complications. Among the remaining 231 patients in the two-stage endoscopic stone removal group, complications were observed in 17 patients (7.4%). The propensity score analysis, which was adjusted for confounding factors, revealed that single-stage endoscopic stone removal was not a significant risk factor for complications (p=0.52). In patients in whom >10 min was required for deep cannulation, single-stage endoscopic stone removal was not a significant risk factor for complications in the propensity score analysis (p=0.37). In the single-stage group, the proportion of patients with a hospital stay of within 7 days was significantly higher and the number of ERCP attempts was significantly lower in comparison to the two-stage group (p <0.0001 and <0.0001, respectively). Conclusion Single-stage endoscopic stone removal did not increase the incidence of complications associated with ERCP and was effective for reducing the hospital stay and the number of ERCP attempts.

The Incidence of Complications in Single-stage Endoscopic Stone Removal for Patients with Common Bile Duct Stones: A Propensity Score Analysis

PubMed Central

Saito, Hirokazu; Kadono, Yoshihiro; Kamikawa, Kentaro; Urata, Atsushi; Imamura, Haruo; Matsushita, Ikuo; Kakuma, Tatsuyuki; Tada, Shuji

2017-01-01

Objective Single-stage endoscopic stone removal for choledocholithiasis is an advantageous approach because it is associated with a shorter hospital stay; however, few studies have reported the incidence of complications related to this procedure in detail. The aim of this study was to examine the incidence of complications and efficacy of this procedure. Methods This retrospective study investigated the incidence of complications in 345 patients with naive papilla who underwent therapeutic endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) for choledocholithiasis at three institutions between April 2014 and March 2016 by a propensity score analysis. The efficacy of single-stage endoscopic stone removal was assessed based on a hospital stay of within 7 days and the number of ERCP attempts. Results Among 114 patients who underwent single-stage endoscopic stone removal, 15 patients (13.2%) experienced complications. Among the remaining 231 patients in the two-stage endoscopic stone removal group, complications were observed in 17 patients (7.4%). The propensity score analysis, which was adjusted for confounding factors, revealed that single-stage endoscopic stone removal was not a significant risk factor for complications (p=0.52). In patients in whom >10 min was required for deep cannulation, single-stage endoscopic stone removal was not a significant risk factor for complications in the propensity score analysis (p=0.37). In the single-stage group, the proportion of patients with a hospital stay of within 7 days was significantly higher and the number of ERCP attempts was significantly lower in comparison to the two-stage group (p <0.0001 and <0.0001, respectively). Conclusion Single-stage endoscopic stone removal did not increase the incidence of complications associated with ERCP and was effective for reducing the hospital stay and the number of ERCP attempts. PMID:29151506

Single-Stage Primary Cleft Lip and Palate Repair: A Review of the Literature.

PubMed

Kantar, Rami S; Rifkin, William J; Cammarata, Michael J; Maliha, Samantha G; Diaz-Siso, J Rodrigo; Farber, Scott J; Flores, Roberto L

2018-06-26

Single-stage cleft lip and palate repair is a debated surgical approach. While some studies have described favorable outcomes, concerns include the effect on craniomaxillofacial growth and increased risk of complications. To this date, there has not been a comprehensive appraisal of available data following combined cleft lip and palate repair. An extensive literature review was performed to identify all relevant articles. The level of evidence of these articles was graded according to the Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine Levels of Evidence Scale. A total of 22 relevant articles were identified, all of which were retrospective in nature. Patient age at the time of surgery ranged from 1 month to 10 years, the longest duration of follow-up was 18 years, and the largest study included 106 patients. Review of the literature shows that overall surgical outcomes following combined cleft lip and palate repair are encouraging. An increased rate of postoperative fistulas with associated speech abnormalities in some studies is noteworthy. Importantly, there is no evidence to suggest an impact on craniomaxillofacial growth, and psychosocial outcomes and parental satisfaction seem to be improved with single-stage surgery as compared with the staged approach. Our review shows overall favorable outcomes associated with combined cleft lip and palate repair. The limited follow-up time or nature of evaluated outcomes in some studies may underrepresent the true rate of adverse events, and highlights the need for additional long-term studies with standardized follow-up. To our knowledge, our review is the first to evaluate existing data regarding outcomes following combined cleft lip and palate repair.

Single-stage Acetabular Revision During Two-stage THA Revision for Infection is Effective in Selected Patients.

PubMed

Fink, Bernd; Schlumberger, Michael; Oremek, Damian

2017-08-01

The treatment of periprosthetic infections of hip arthroplasties typically involves use of either a single- or two-stage (with implantation of a temporary spacer) revision surgery. In patients with severe acetabular bone deficiencies, either already present or after component removal, spacers cannot be safely implanted. In such hips where it is impossible to use spacers and yet a two-stage revision of the prosthetic stem is recommended, we have combined a two-stage revision of the stem with a single revision of the cup. To our knowledge, this approach has not been reported before. (1) What proportion of patients treated with single-stage acetabular reconstruction as part of a two-stage revision for an infected THA remain free from infection at 2 or more years? (2) What are the Harris hip scores after the first stage and at 2 years or more after the definitive reimplantation? Between June 2009 and June 2014, we treated all patients undergoing surgical treatment for an infected THA using a single-stage acetabular revision as part of a two-stage THA exchange if the acetabular defect classification was Paprosky Types 2B, 2C, 3A, 3B, or pelvic discontinuity and a two-stage procedure was preferred for the femur. The procedure included removal of all components, joint débridement, definitive acetabular reconstruction (with a cage to bridge the defect, and a cemented socket), and a temporary cemented femoral component at the first stage; the second stage consisted of repeat joint and femoral débridement and exchange of the femoral component to a cementless device. During the period noted, 35 patients met those definitions and were treated with this approach. No patients were lost to followup before 2 years; mean followup was 42 months (range, 24-84 months). The clinical evaluation was performed with the Harris hip scores and resolution of infection was assessed by the absence of clinical signs of infection and a C-reactive protein level less than 10 mg/L. All patients were assessed before surgery, between stages, every 3 months during the first year after surgery, every 6 months during the second year postoperative, and at latest followup, and were retrospectively drawn from a longitudinally maintained institutional database. Thirty-four of 35 patients (97.2%; 95% CI, 85.4%-99.5%) appeared free of infection by criteria of Masri et al. and Zimmerli et al. at latest followup. The Harris hip score was 61 ± 13 points after the first operation and 82 ± 16 points 2 years after the second operation. This technique is a promising treatment option for periprosthetic infections of the hip in which substantial acetabular defects exclude implantation of a normal spacer and a two-stage revision of the femoral component is favored. Level IV, therapeutic study.

Dual-Fuel Propulsion in Single-Stage Advanced Manned Launch System Vehicle

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Lepsch, Roger A., Jr.; Stanley, Douglas O.; Unal, Resit

1995-01-01

As part of the United States Advanced Manned Launch System study to determine a follow-on, or complement, to the Space Shuttle, a reusable single-stage-to-orbit concept utilizing dual-fuel rocket propulsion has been examined. Several dual-fuel propulsion concepts were investigated. These include: a separate-engine concept combining Russian RD-170 kerosene-fueled engines with space shuttle main engine-derivative engines: the kerosene- and hydrogen-fueled Russian RD-701 engine; and a dual-fuel, dual-expander engine. Analysis to determine vehicle weight and size characteristics was performed using conceptual-level design techniques. A response-surface methodology for multidisciplinary design was utilized to optimize the dual-fuel vehicles with respect to several important propulsion-system and vehicle design parameters, in order to achieve minimum empty weight. The tools and methods employed in the analysis process are also summarized. In comparison with a reference hydrogen- fueled single-stage vehicle, results showed that the dual-fuel vehicles were from 10 to 30% lower in empty weight for the same payload capability, with the dual-expander engine types showing the greatest potential.

Effects of Compression, Staging, and Braid Angle on Braided Rope Seal Performance

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Steinetz, Bruce M.; Adams, Michael L.

1997-01-01

Future turbine engines and industrial systems will be operating at increased temperatures to achieve more demanding efficiency and performance goals. In the highest temperature sections of the engine new material systems such as ceramics and intermetallics are being considered to withstand the harsh thermal environment. Components constructed of these low expansion-rate materials experience thermal strains and a resulting reduction of life when rigidly attached to high expansion-rate, superalloy support structures. Seals are being designed to both seal and to serve as compliant mounts allowing for relative thermal growths between high temperature but brittle primary structures and the surrounding support structures. Previous seal research yielded several braided rope seal designs which demonstrated the ability to both seal and serve as a compliant mount. The hybrid seal was constructed of an all-ceramic (alumina-silica) core overbraided with a superalloy wire sheath (cobalt based superalloy). The all ceramic seal was constructed of an all-ceramic (alumina-silica) core overbraided with multiple ceramic (alumina-silica) sheath layers. Program goals for braided rope seals are to improve flow resistance and/or seal resilience. To that end, the current report studies the test results of: baseline and modified hybrid seals; two stage hybrid and two stage all-ceramic seal configurations; and single stage hybrid and single stage all-ceramic seal configurations for a range of seal crush conditions. Hybrid seal modifications include increasing the sheath braid angle and core coverage. For the same percent seal cross-sectional crush, results show that increasing the hybrid seal braid angle increased seal stiffness and seal unit load, resulting in flows approximately one third of the baseline hybrid seal flows. For both hybrid and all-ceramic seals, two stage seal configurations significantly outperformed single stage configurations. Two stage seal flows were at least 30% less than the single stage seal flows for the same seal crush. Furthermore, test results of single stage seals indicate that for both all-ceramic and hybrid seals, a specific seal crush condition exists at which minimum flows are achieved (i.e. increasing seal crush beyond a certain point does not result in better flow performance). Flow results are presented for a range of pressures and temperatures from ambient to 1300 F, before and after scrubbing. Compression tests results show that for both all-ceramic and hybrid seals, seal preload and stiffness increase with seal crush, but residual seal interference remains constant.

Accuracy of Oxygen Flow Delivered by Compressed-Gas Cylinders in Hospital and Prehospital Emergency Care.

PubMed

Duprez, Frédéric; Michotte, Jean Bernard; Cuvelier, Gregory; Legrand, Alexandre; Mashayekhi, Sharam; Reychler, Gregory

2018-03-01

Oxygen cylinders are widely used both in hospital and prehospital care. Excessive or inappropriate F IO 2 may be critical for patients with hypercapnia or hypoxia. Moreover, over-oxygenation could be deleterious in ischemic disorders. Supplemental oxygen from oxygen cylinder should therefore be delivered accurately. The aim of this study was to assess the accuracy of oxygen flows for oxygen cylinder in hospital and prehospital care. A prospective trial was conducted to evaluate accuracy of delivered oxygen flows (2, 4, 6, 9 and 12 L/min) for different oxygen cylinder ready for use in different hospital departments. Delivered flows were analyzed randomly using a calibrated thermal mass flow meter. Two types of oxygen cylinder were evaluated: 78 oxygen cylinder with a single-stage regulator and 70 oxygen cylinder with a dual-stage regulator. Delivered flows were compared to the required oxygen flow. The residual pressure value for each oxygen cylinder was considered. A coefficient of variation was calculated to compare the variability of the delivered flow between the two types of oxygen cylinder. The median values of delivered flows were all ≥ 100% of the required flow for single stage (range 100-109%) and < 100% of required flow for dual stage (range 95-97%). The median values of the delivered flow differed between single and dual stage. It was found that single stage is significantly higher than dual stage ( P = .01). At low flow, the dispersion of the measures for single stage was higher than with a high oxygen flow. Delivered flow differences were also found between low and high residual pressures, but only with single stage ( P = .02). The residual pressure for both oxygen cylinders (no. = 148) ranged from 73 to 2,900 pounds per square inch, and no significant difference was observed between the 2 types ( P = .86). The calculated coefficient of variation ranged from 7% (±1%) for dual stage to 8% (±2%) for single stage. This study shows good accuracy of oxygen flow delivered via oxygen cylinders. This accuracy was higher with dual stage. Single stage was also accurate, however, at low flow this accuracy is slightly less. Moreover, with single stage, when residual pressure decreases, the median value of delivered flow decreased. Copyright © 2018 by Daedalus Enterprises.

Multi-stage complex contagions.

PubMed

Melnik, Sergey; Ward, Jonathan A; Gleeson, James P; Porter, Mason A

2013-03-01

The spread of ideas across a social network can be studied using complex contagion models, in which agents are activated by contact with multiple activated neighbors. The investigation of complex contagions can provide crucial insights into social influence and behavior-adoption cascades on networks. In this paper, we introduce a model of a multi-stage complex contagion on networks. Agents at different stages-which could, for example, represent differing levels of support for a social movement or differing levels of commitment to a certain product or idea-exert different amounts of influence on their neighbors. We demonstrate that the presence of even one additional stage introduces novel dynamical behavior, including interplay between multiple cascades, which cannot occur in single-stage contagion models. We find that cascades-and hence collective action-can be driven not only by high-stage influencers but also by low-stage influencers.

Abridged republication of FIGO's staging classification for cancer of the ovary, fallopian tube, and peritoneum.

PubMed

Prat, Jaime

2015-10-01

Ovarian, fallopian tube, and peritoneal cancers have a similar clinical presentation and are treated similarly, and current evidence supports staging all 3 cancers in a single system. The primary site (i.e. ovary, fallopian tube, or peritoneum) should be designated where possible. The histologic type should be recorded. Intraoperative rupture ("surgical spill") is IC1; capsule ruptured before surgery or tumor on ovarian or fallopian tube surface is IC2; and positive peritoneal cytology with or without rupture is IC3. The new staging includes a revision of stage III patients; assignment to stage IIIA1 is based on spread to the retroperitoneal lymph nodes without intraperitoneal dissemination. Extension of tumor from omentum to spleen or liver (stage IIIC) should be differentiated from isolated parenchymal metastases (stage IVB). © 2015 American Cancer Society.

One Idea for a Next Generation Shuttle

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

MacConochie, Ian O.; Cerro, Jeffrey A.

2004-01-01

In this configuration, the current Shuttle External Tank serves as core structure for a fully reusable second stage. This stage is equipped with wings, vertical fin, landing gear, and thermal protection. The stage is geometrically identical to (but smaller than) a single stage that has been tested hyper-sonically, super-sonically, and sub-sonically in the NASA Langley Research Center wind tunnels. The three LOX/LH engines that currently serve as main propulsion for the Shuttle Orbiter, serve as main propulsion on the new stage. The new stage is unmanned but is equipped with the avionics needed for automatic maneuvering on orbit and for landing on a runway. Three rails are installed along the top surface of the vehicle for attachment of various payloads. Pay- loads might include third stages with satellites attached, personnel pods, propellants, or other items.

A Novel Single-Stage Procedure for Increasing the Width of Attached Gingiva and Eliminating the Aberrant Frenal Attachment

PubMed Central

Kumar, Santhosh; Suresh P, Gautham; Anand, K. Meena

2015-01-01

Common treatment for buccal gingival recession caused by an aberrant frenal attachment includes elimination of the frenum and treatment of the gingival recession by soft tissue graft to increase the width of the attached gingiva that in turn results in root coverage. Keratinised gingival, if present in adequate amount, maintains the gingival health by protecting the marginal gingiva. This not only considers the desires of the patient but also explores the potential regenerative capacity of the tissues. This report describes a novel single-stage procedure for increasing the width of the attached gingiva and eliminating the aberrant frenal attachment.  PMID:25759860

Staging Lung Cancer: Metastasis.

PubMed

Shroff, Girish S; Viswanathan, Chitra; Carter, Brett W; Benveniste, Marcelo F; Truong, Mylene T; Sabloff, Bradley S

2018-05-01

The updated eighth edition of the tumor, node, metastasis (TNM) classification for lung cancer includes revisions to T and M descriptors. In terms of the M descriptor, the classification of intrathoracic metastatic disease as M1a is unchanged from TNM-7. Extrathoracic metastatic disease, which was classified as M1b in TNM-7, is now subdivided into M1b (single metastasis, single organ) and M1c (multiple metastases in one or multiple organs) descriptors. In this article, the rationale for changes in the M descriptors, the utility of preoperative staging with PET/computed tomography, and the treatment options available for patients with oligometastatic disease are discussed. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Novel Applications of High Speed Optical-Injection Locked Lasers

DTIC Science & Technology

2010-07-31

transimpedance amplifiers (TIAs) and optical hybrids. We have also demonstrated digital communications on a 60 GHz optical subcarrier using directly modulated...of the devices. Also included on the mask are both single ended as well as differential transimpedance amplifiers (TIAs). These circuits have a... transimpedance amplifiers with the photo-transistors as the input stage. Simulations predict a transimpedance bandwidth of 120 GHz for the single

RAPIDLY ROTATING, X-RAY BRIGHT STARS IN THE KEPLER FIELD

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Howell, Steve B.; Mason, Elena; Boyd, Patricia

We present Kepler light curves and optical spectroscopy of twenty X-ray bright stars located in the Kepler field of view. The stars, spectral type F-K, show evidence for rapid rotation including chromospheric activity 100 times or more above the Sun at maximum and flaring behavior in their light curves. Eighteen of our objects appear to be (sub)giants and may belong to the class of FK Com variables, which are evolved rapidly spinning single stars with no excretion disk and high levels of chromospheric activity. Such stars are rare and are likely the result of W UMa binary mergers, a processmore » believed to produce the FK Com class of variable and their descendants. The FK Com stage, including the presence of an excretion disk, is short lived but leads to longer-lived stages consisting of single, rapidly rotating evolved (sub)giants with high levels of stellar activity.« less

Rapidly Rotating, X-Ray Bright Stars in the Kepler Field

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Howell, Steve B.; Mason, Elena; Boyd, Patricia; Smith, Krista Lynne; Gelino, Dawn M.

2016-01-01

We present Kepler light curves and optical spectroscopy of twenty X-ray bright stars located in the Kepler field of view. The stars, spectral type F-K, show evidence for rapid rotation including chromospheric activity 100 times or more above the Sun at maximum and flaring behavior in their light curves. Eighteen of our objects appear to be (sub)giants and may belong to the class of FK Com variables, which are evolved rapidly spinning single stars with no excretion disk and high levels of chromospheric activity. Such stars are rare and are likely the result of W UMa binary mergers, a process believed to produce the FK Com class of variable and their descendants. The FK Com stage, including the presence of an excretion disk, is short lived but leads to longer-lived stages consisting of single, rapidly rotating evolved (sub)giants with high levels of stellar activity.

The single-staged approach to the surgical management of abdominal wall hernias in contaminated fields.

PubMed

Alaedeen, D I; Lipman, J; Medalie, D; Rosen, M J

2007-02-01

The surgical treatment of large ventral hernias with accompanying contamination is challenging. We have reviewed our institution's experience with single-staged repair of complex ventral hernias in the setting of contamination. We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of all patients who underwent ventral hernia repairs in the setting of a contaminated field. Pertinent details included baseline demographics, reason for contamination, operative technique and details, postoperative morbidity, mortality and recurrence rates. Between December 1999 and January 2006, 19 patients were identified with ventral hernia repairs performed in contaminated fields. There were 6 males and 13 females with a mean age of 61 years (40-82), ASA 3.2 (2-4), and BMI of 34 kg/m(2) (20-65). Fourteen patients had prior mesh: prolene (9), composix (3), goretex (1), and alloderm (1). Reasons for contamination included: mesh infection (14), enterocutaneous fistula (7), concomitant bowel resection (8), chronic non-healing wound (2), and necrotizing fasciitis (1). Operative approaches included primary repair (3), component separation without reinforcement (2), and with prosthetic reinforcement (9). In five patients the fascia could not be reapproximated in the midline and the defect was bridged with surgisis (1), Marlex (1), lightweight polypropylene (1) placed in the retrorectus space, and alloderm (2). Mean operative time was 260 min (90-600). Twelve postoperative complications occurred in nine (47%) patients and included wound infection (6), respiratory failure (1), ileus (2), postoperative hemorrhage (1), renal failure (1), and atrial fibrillation (1). One patient died in this series. During routine follow-up two recurrences were identified by physical exam. This study shows that single-stage treatment of ventral hernias in contaminated fields can be accomplished with a low recurrence rate and acceptable morbidity in these extremely challenging patients.

Use of skin stretchers for single-stage bilateral mastectomies in a dog and a cat.

PubMed

Miyazaki, Yuta; Aikawa, Takeshi; Shimatsu, Taichi; Nishimura, Masaaki; Sadahiro, Shigeo

2018-04-01

To describe the application of skin stretchers for closure of single-stage bilateral mastectomies in a dog and a cat. Clinical case report. A 12-year-old intact female Miniature Dachshund and a 13-year-old spayed female domestic short-hair cat. Skin stretchers were applied to the site of the skin adjacent to mammary glands for 2-4 days before surgery. Cable tension was adjusted every 6-8 hours to elongate the skin and to achieve primary closure of single-stage bilateral mastectomy without tension. Wound closure after single-stage bilateral mastectomy was achieved without tension or major complication in both animals. Use of skin stretchers allows primary closure of single-stage bilateral mastectomy in dogs and cats. © 2017 The American College of Veterinary Surgeons.

Rotating stall investigation of 0.72 hub-tip ratio single-stage compressor

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Graham, Robert W; Prian, Vasily D

1954-01-01

The rotating stall characteristics of a 0.72 hub-tip ratio, single-stage compressor were investigated. The stage was a 14-inch-diameter replica of the fourth stage of an experimental multistage compressor. No similarity existed between the frequency and propagation rate of the stall patterns observed in the single-stage replica and those observed in the multistage compressor after the fourth stage. A fatigue failure of the rotor blades occurred during the testing which was attributed to a resonance between the stall frequency and the natural bending frequency of the blades.

Single-stage surgery for symptomatic small-angle strabismus under topical anaesthesia.

PubMed

Zou, Leilei; Liu, Rui; Liu, Hong; Huang, Liwen; Liu, Yan; Wang, Aihou

2014-04-01

To report outcomes of single-stage surgery under topical anaesthesia for the treatment of small-angle strabismus. Case series. Thirteen patients, 7 males and 6 females, with a median age of 32 years (range, 20-59 years) were included. Patients with symptomatic small-angle strabismus with stable deviations of no more than 20 prism diopters (PD) in horizontal and 10 PD in vertical were consecutively recruited from the Eye and ENT Hospital of Fudan University between January 2010 and April 2012. Single-stage surgery was performed under topical anaesthesia. Outcome measures were PD, Amblyopia and Strabismus Questionnaire (ASQE) scores, and subjective reduction of symptoms. The median duration of symptoms was 40 months (range, 6-96 months). Nine patients had horizontal deviations, 3 had vertical deviations, and 1 had an exodeviation combined with a vertical deviation. All surgeries were completed without complications, and no patients experienced significant discomfort. All patients reported elimination of symptoms on postoperative day 1. Two patients required a second procedure at 1 week because of a return of symptoms. At 6-month follow-up, no patient reported recurrence of symptoms. The overall ASQE score improved from 70 preoperatively to 96 postoperatively (p = 0.001). These results suggest single-stage surgery under topical anaesthesia is an effective treatment for small-angle strabismus. A large, randomized, prospective study to confirm these findings is warranted. © 2013 Canadian Ophthalmological Society Published by Canadian Ophthalmological Society All rights reserved.

Morphological embryo selection: an elective single embryo transfer proposal

PubMed Central

Déniz, Francisco Parera; Encinas, Carlos; Fuente, Jorge La

2018-01-01

Objective To describe a patient selection method for elective single embryo transfer (eSET), emphasizing inclusion criteria and results. Methods This retrospective study included all cases seen in a private clinic between June 2011 and December 2016, in La Paz, Bolivia (3600 meters above sea level). Elective single embryo transfer was the method of choice in 34 IVF/ICSI cycles, all in the blastocyst stage. Gardner's blastocyst classification criteria were used. Between the two stages of the study (July 2015), each embryo grade implantation rate was recalculated, which led to the expansion of the inclusion criteria. Results The clinical pregnancy rate of the 34 cases in the first transfer group was 55.9% (19/34). Twin or multiple pregnancies did not occur. The cumulative pregnancy rate to date is 64% [(19+3)/34]. The first stage comprised 2.56% (12/468) of the patients offered elective single embryo transfers; the implantation rate was 58.3% (7/12). In the second stage, 14.29% (22/154) of the patients were eligible, and the implantation rate was 54.55% (12/22). Conclusion The implementation of an eSET program based on in-depth morphological embryo assessment combined with the calculation of the implantation potential of each embryo grade led to acceptable clinical outcomes and fewer multiple pregnancies in patients transferred two embryos. Each clinic should be aware of the implantation rates of each embryo grade in its own setting. PMID:29338137

Modified classification and single-stage microsurgical repair of posttraumatic infected massive bone defects in lower extremities.

PubMed

Yang, Yun-fa; Xu, Zhong-he; Zhang, Guang-ming; Wang, Jian-wei; Hu, Si-wang; Hou, Zhi-qi; Xu, Da-chuan

2013-11-01

Posttraumatic infected massive bone defects in lower extremities are difficult to repair because they frequently exhibit massive bone and/or soft tissue defects, serious bone infection, and excessive scar proliferation. This study aimed to determine whether these defects could be classified and repaired at a single stage. A total of 51 cases of posttraumatic infected massive bone defect in lower extremity were included in this study. They were classified into four types on the basis of the conditions of the bone defects, soft tissue defects, and injured limb length, including Type A (without soft tissue defects), Type B (with soft tissue defects of 10 × 20 cm or less), Type C (with soft tissue defects of 10 × 20 cm or more), and Type D (with the limb shortening of 3 cm or more). Four types of single-stage microsurgical repair protocols were planned accordingly and implemented respectively. These protocols included the following: Protocol A, where vascularized fibular graft was implemented for Type A; Protocol B, where vascularized fibular osteoseptocutaneous graft was implemented for Type B; Protocol C, where vascularized fibular graft and anterior lateral thigh flap were used for Type C; and Protocol D, where limb lengthening and Protocols A, B, or C were used for Type D. There were 12, 33, 4, and 2 cases of Types A, B, C, and D, respectively, according to this classification. During the surgery, three cases of planned Protocol B had to be shifted into Protocol C; however, all microsurgical repairs were completed. With reference to Johner-Wruhs evaluation method, the total percentage of excellent and good results was 82.35% after 6 to 41 months of follow-up. It was concluded that posttraumatic massive bone defects could be accurately classified into four types on the basis of the conditions of bone defects, soft tissue coverage, and injured limb length, and successfully repaired with the single-stage repair protocols after thorough debridement. Thieme Medical Publishers 333 Seventh Avenue, New York, NY 10001, USA.

The Postauricular Helix-based Adipodermal-pedicle Turnover (PHAT) Flap: An Original Single-Stage Technique for Antihelix and Scapha Reconstruction.

PubMed

Beustes-Stefanelli, Matthieu; O'Toole, Greg; Schertenleib, Pierre

2016-01-01

In reconstructing anterior defects of the ear, postauricular flaps represent a popular option. The pedicle of such transauricular flaps can be superior, inferior, medial, or lateral. The postauricular helix-based adipodermal-pedicle turnover (PHAT) flap is an original single-stage transauricular technique for defects of the antihelix and scapha. Its skin paddle is on the posterior aspect of the ear. Its lateral de-epithelialized pedicle in front of the helix allows for it to easily reach peripheral anterior defects. In cases in which the underlying cartilage is involved, the extended PHAT (ePHAT) flap allows for restoring the contours of the ear without a cartilage graft. Between 2009 and 2011, a PHAT flap was used in 5 cases of defects of the antihelix or the scapha after tumor resection, 3 of which are in an extended version (ePHAT flap). There were no complications and a satisfactory aesthetic result was achieved in all cases. The PHAT flap is an original single-stage procedure for anterior auricular defects located on the antihelix or scapha. The single-layer PHAT flap is indicated in purely skin defect. The triple-layer ePHAT flap includes two subcutaneous extensions which increase its thickness and is indicated to restore the ear contours when cartilage has been removed.

Space Van system update

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Cormier, Len

1992-07-01

The Space Van is a proposed commercial launch vehicle that is designed to carry 1150 kg to a space-station orbit for a price of $1,900,000 per flight in 1992 dollars. This price includes return on preoperational investment. Recurring costs are expected to be about $840,000 per flight. The Space Van is a fully reusable, assisted-single-stage-to orbit system. The most innovative new feature of the Space Van system is the assist-stage concept. The assist stage uses only airbreathing engines for vertical takeoff and vertical landing in the horizontal attitude and for launching the rocket-powered orbiter stage at mach 0.8 and an altitude of about 12 km. The primary version of the orbiter is designed for cargo-only without a crew. However, a passenger version of the Space Van should be able to carry a crew of two plus six passengers to a space-station orbit. Since the Space Van is nearly single-stage, performance to polar orbit drops off significantly. The cargo version should be capable of carrying 350 kg to a 400-km polar orbit. In the passenger version, the Space Van should be able to carry two crew members - or one crew member plus a passenger.

Magnetic Gauge Instrumentation on the LANL Gas-Driven Two-Stage Gun

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Alcon, R. R.; Sheffield, S. A.; Martinez, A. R.; Gustavsen, R. L.

1997-07-01

Our gas-driven two-stage gun was designed and built to do initiation studies on insensitive high explosives as well as other equation of state experiments on inert materials. Our preferred method of measuring initiation phenomena involves the use of in-situ magnetic particle velocity gauges. In order to provide the 1-D experimental area to accommodate this type of gauging in our two-stage gun, it has a 50-mm-diameter launch tube. We have used magnetic gauging on our 72-mm bore diameter single-stage gun for over 15 years and it has proven a very effective technique for all types of shock wave experiments, including those on high explosives. This technique has now been installed on our two-stage gun. We describe the experimental method, as well as some of the difficulties that arose during the installation. Several magnetic gauge experiments have been completed on plastic and high explosive materials. Waveforms obtained in some of the experiments will be discussed. Up to 10 in-situ particle velocity measurements can be made in a single experiment. This new technique is now working quite well, as is evidenced by the data. To our knowledge, this is the first time magnetic gauging has been used on a two-stage gun.

X-ray emission from high temperature plasmas

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Harries, W. L.

1977-01-01

The physical processes occurring in plasma focus devices were investigated with particular emphasis on X-ray emission. Topics discussed include: trajectories of high energy electrons; detection of ion trajectories; spatial distribution of neutron emission; space and time resolved emission of hard X-rays from a plasma focus; the staged plasma focus as a variation of the hypocloidal pinch; formation of current sheets in a staged plasma focus; and X-ray and neutron emission from a staged plasma focus. The possibility of operating dense plasma-focus type devices in multiple arrays beyond the scaling law for a single gun is discussed.

Fibrosis-Related Gene Expression in Single Ventricle Heart Disease.

PubMed

Nakano, Stephanie J; Siomos, Austine K; Garcia, Anastacia M; Nguyen, Hieu; SooHoo, Megan; Galambos, Csaba; Nunley, Karin; Stauffer, Brian L; Sucharov, Carmen C; Miyamoto, Shelley D

2017-12-01

To evaluate fibrosis and fibrosis-related gene expression in the myocardium of pediatric subjects with single ventricle with right ventricular failure. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction was performed on explanted right ventricular myocardium of pediatric subjects with single ventricle disease and controls with nonfailing heart disease. Subjects were divided into 3 groups: single ventricle failing (right ventricular failure before or after stage I palliation), single ventricle nonfailing (infants listed for primary transplantation with normal right ventricular function), and stage III (Fontan or right ventricular failure after stage III). To evaluate subjects of similar age and right ventricular volume loading, single ventricle disease with failure was compared with single ventricle without failure and stage III was compared with nonfailing right ventricular disease. Histologic fibrosis was assessed in all hearts. Mann-Whitney tests were performed to identify differences in gene expression. Collagen (Col1α, Col3) expression is decreased in single ventricle congenital heart disease with failure compared with nonfailing single ventricle congenital heart disease (P = .019 and P = .035, respectively), and is equivalent in stage III compared with nonfailing right ventricular heart disease. Tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase (TIMP-1, TIMP-3, and TIMP-4) are downregulated in stage III compared with nonfailing right ventricular heart disease (P = .0047, P = .013 and P = .013, respectively). Matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-2, MMP-9) are similar between nonfailing single ventricular heart disease and failing single ventricular heart disease, and between stage III heart disease and nonfailing right ventricular heart disease. There is no difference in the prevalence of right ventricular fibrosis by histology in subjects with single ventricular failure heart disease with right ventricular failure (18%) compared with those with normal right ventricular function (38%). Fibrosis is not a primary contributor to right ventricular failure in infants and young children with single ventricular heart disease. Additional studies are required to understand whether antifibrotic therapies are beneficial in this population. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Single-stage experimental evaluation of tandem-airfoil rotor stator blading for compressors. Part 6: Data and performance for stage D

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Clemmons, D. R.

1973-01-01

An axial flow compressor stage, having single-airfoil blading, was designed for zero rotor prewhirl, constant rotor work across the span, and axial discharge flow. The stage was designed to produce a pressure ratio of 1.265 at a rotor tip velocity of 757 ft/sec. The rotor had an inlet hub/tip ratio of 0.8. The design procedure accounted for the rotor inlet boundary layer and included the effects of axial velocity ratio and secondary flow on blade row performance. The objectives of this experimental program were: (1) to obtain performance with uniform and distorted inlet flow for comparison with the performance of a stage consisting of tandem-airfoil blading designed for the same vector diagrams; and (2) to evaluate the effectiveness of accounting for the inlet boundary layer, axial velocity ratio, and secondary flows in the stage design. With uniform inlet flow, the rotor achieved a maximum adiabatic efficiency of 90.1% at design equivalent rotor speed and a pressure ratio of 1.281. The stage maximum adiabatic efficiency at design equivalent rotor speed with uniform inlet flow was 86.1% at a pressure ratio of 1.266. Hub radial, tip radial, and circumferential distortion of the inlet flow caused reductions in surge pressure ratio of approximately 2, 10 and 5%, respectively, at design rotor speed.

Is Single-stage Revision Safe Following Infected Total Knee Arthroplasty? A Critical Review.

PubMed

Vaishya, Raju; Agarwal, Amit Kumar; Rawat, Sudheer K; Singh, Harsh; Vijay, Vipul

2017-08-30

With the improvement in outcomes and modern prosthesis design, total knee arthroplasty (TKA) has now become a commonly performed surgery. It is postulated that a total of 2-5% of the primary and revision TKA becomes infected every year, requiring a revision procedure which to date is the conventional two-stage revision. The diagnosis and treatment of these periprosthetic infections is a major and challenging task, as it requires precise identification of the pathogen, meticulous debridement, and postoperative rehabilitation. To date, there have been very few studies in existing literature comparing the outcomes of single-stage versus two-stage procedure in infected TKA. The aim of the review was to provide the clinicians an insight into the outcome of the single-stage procedure compared to two-stage procedures and to suggest ways to improve the results further. In the following critical review, a total of 669 cases that underwent either a single or two-stage revision for infected TKA were studied. The postoperative functional scores were comparable in most studies during the early postoperative period. Our data supports the use of a single-stage revision surgery in infected TKA as an alternative to a conventional two-stage procedure. However, larger prospective and multicentric trials are required to validate our findings.

Multi-stage complex contagions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Melnik, Sergey; Ward, Jonathan A.; Gleeson, James P.; Porter, Mason A.

2013-03-01

The spread of ideas across a social network can be studied using complex contagion models, in which agents are activated by contact with multiple activated neighbors. The investigation of complex contagions can provide crucial insights into social influence and behavior-adoption cascades on networks. In this paper, we introduce a model of a multi-stage complex contagion on networks. Agents at different stages—which could, for example, represent differing levels of support for a social movement or differing levels of commitment to a certain product or idea—exert different amounts of influence on their neighbors. We demonstrate that the presence of even one additional stage introduces novel dynamical behavior, including interplay between multiple cascades, which cannot occur in single-stage contagion models. We find that cascades—and hence collective action—can be driven not only by high-stage influencers but also by low-stage influencers.

An integrated biodesulfurization process, including inoculum preparation, desulfurization and sulfate removal in a single step, for removing sulfur from oils.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Tangaromsuk, Jantana; Borole, Abhijeet P; Kruatrachue, Maleeya

2008-01-01

BACKGROUND: A single-stage reactor, in which the growth of bacterial culture, induction of desulfurizing enzymes, and desulfurization reaction are carried out in a single step, was adopted to investigate desulfurization of DBT at high cell densities. IGTS8 was used as the biocatalyst. Optimal condition for the bacterial growth and DBT desulfurization were also investigated. RESULTS: Optimization of fermentation conditions was necessary to obtain high cell densities including controlling accumulation of acetate. Under optimal operating conditions, the maximum OD600 was measured to be 26.6 at 118 h of cultivation. When biodesulfurization of DBT in model oil with a high cell densitymore » culture of IGTS8 was investigated, accumulation of sulfate was found to limit the extent of desulfurization. A sulfate removal step was added to obtain a single-stage integrated biodesulfurization process. Sulfate removal was achieved via an aqueous bleed stream and use of a separation unit to recycle the organic phase. CONCLUSION : A proof of principle of a complete system capable of biocatalyst growth, induction, desulfurization and by-product separation was demonstrated. This system enables simplification of the biodesulfurization process and has potential to lower the operating cost of the bioprocess.« less

A comprehensive method for preliminary design optimization of axial gas turbine stages. II - Code verification

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Jenkins, R. M.

1983-01-01

The present effort represents an extension of previous work wherein a calculation model for performing rapid pitchline optimization of axial gas turbine geometry, including blade profiles, is developed. The model requires no specification of geometric constraints. Output includes aerodynamic performance (adiabatic efficiency), hub-tip flow-path geometry, blade chords, and estimates of blade shape. Presented herein is a verification of the aerodynamic performance portion of the model, whereby detailed turbine test-rig data, including rig geometry, is input to the model to determine whether tested performance can be predicted. An array of seven (7) NASA single-stage axial gas turbine configurations is investigated, ranging in size from 0.6 kg/s to 63.8 kg/s mass flow and in specific work output from 153 J/g to 558 J/g at design (hot) conditions; stage loading factor ranges from 1.15 to 4.66.

Factors affecting the surgical approach and timing of bilateral adrenalectomy.

PubMed

Lan, Billy Y; Taskin, Halit E; Aksoy, Erol; Birsen, Onur; Dural, Cem; Mitchell, Jamie; Siperstein, Allan; Berber, Eren

2015-07-01

Laparoscopic adrenalectomy has gained widespread acceptance. However, the optimal surgical approach to laparoscopic bilateral adrenalectomy has not been clearly defined. The aim of this study is to analyze the patient and intraoperative factors affecting the feasibility and outcome of different surgical approaches to define an algorithm for bilateral adrenalectomy. Between 2000 and 2013, all patients who underwent bilateral adrenalectomy at a single institution were selected for retrospective analysis. Patient factors, surgical approach, operative outcomes, and complications were analyzed. From 2000 to 2013, 28 patients underwent bilateral adrenalectomy. Patient diagnoses included Cushing's disease (n = 19), pheochromocytoma (n = 7), and adrenal metastasis (n = 2). Of these 28 patients, successful laparoscopic adrenalectomy was performed in all but 2 patients. Twenty-three out of the 26 adrenalectomies were completed in a single stage, while three were performed as a staged approach due to deterioration in intraoperative respiratory status in two patients and patient body habitus in one. Of the adrenalectomies completed using the minimally invasive approach, a posterior retroperitoneal (PR) approach was performed in 17 patients and lateral transabdominal (LT) approach in 9 patients. Patients who underwent a LT approach had higher BMI, larger tumor size, and other concomitant intraabdominal pathology. Hospital stay for laparoscopic adrenalectomy was 3.5 days compared to 5 and 12 days for the two open cases. There were no 30-day hospital mortality and 5 patients had minor complications for the entire cohort. A minimally invasive operation is feasible in 93% of patients undergoing bilateral adrenalectomy with 65% of adrenalectomies performed using the PR approach. Indications for the LT approach include morbid obesity, tumor size >6 cm, and other concomitant intraabdominal pathology. Single-stage adrenalectomies are feasible in most patients, with prolonged operative time causing respiratory instability being the main indication for a staged approach.

The management of patients with limited-stage classical Hodgkin lymphoma.

PubMed

Gospodarowicz, Mary K; Meyer, Ralph M

2006-01-01

The term limited-stage Hodgkin lymphoma refers to those patients with stage I-II disease and an absence of bulky disease. Among those patients with classical Hodgkin lymphoma, approximately one-third of patients will fall into this category. As long-term disease control can now be anticipated in more than 90% of these patients, management strategies must increasingly address the need to reduce the long-term treatment-related risks. Current treatment options include use of combined modality therapy that includes an abbreviated course of chemotherapy and involved-field radiation or treatment with chemotherapy, currently consisting of ABVD, as a single modality. The choice of treatment between these two options involves specific trade-offs that must balance issues of disease control against long-term risk of late effects.

Rapid Single-Cell Electroporation for Labeling Organotypic Cultures

DTIC Science & Technology

2010-06-01

carry out SCE on the tissue slice under visual control from the user. When the user wishes to transfect a new compound , the entire micromanipulator...a new compound by a perpendicular long-travel linear stage (H). Each sub-system is discussed below in detail including development and choice of...stage where a cleaning bath is moved in. The tip is inserted into the bath and cleaned/rinsed (E) before sampling a new compound and repeating (A). Af D

Small, high-pressure liquid oxygen turbopump

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Csomor, A.; Sutton, R.

1977-01-01

A small, high-pressure, liquid oxygen turbopump was designed, fabricated, and tested. The pump was of a single-stage, centrifugal type; power to the pump was supplied by a single-stage, partial emission, axial-impulse turbine. Design conditions included an operating speed of 70,000 rpm, pump discharge pressure of 2977 N/sq cm (4318 psia), and a pump flowrate of 16.4 kg/s (36.21 lb/sec). The turbine was propelled by LO2/LH2 combustion products at 1041 K (1874 R) inlet temperature, and at a design pressure ratio of 1.424. The approaches used in the detail analysis and design of the turbopump are described, and fabrication methods are discussed. Data obtained from gas generator tests, turbine performance calibration, and turbopump testing are presented.

High Voltage TAL Performance

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Jacobson, David T.; Jankovsky, Robert S.; Rawlin, Vincent K.; Manzella, David H.

2001-01-01

The performance of a two-stage, anode layer Hall thruster was evaluated. Experiments were conducted in single and two-stage configurations. In single-stage configuration, the thruster was operated with discharge voltages ranging from 300 to 1700 V. Discharge specific impulses ranged from 1630 to 4140 sec. Thruster investigations were conducted with input power ranging from 1 to 8.7 kW, corresponding to power throttling of nearly 9: 1. An extensive two-stage performance map was generated. Data taken with total voltage (sum of discharge and accelerating voltage) constant revealed a decrease in thruster efficiency as the discharge voltage was increased. Anode specific impulse values were comparable in the single and two-stage configurations showing no strong advantage for two-stage operation.

Performances of single and two-stage pulse tube cryocoolers under different vacuum levels with and without thermal radiation shields

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kasthurirengan, Srinivasan; Behera, Upendra; Nadig, D. S.; Krishnamoorthy, V.

2012-06-01

Single and two-stage Pulse Tube Cryocoolers (PTC) have been designed, fabricated and experimentally studied. The single stage PTC reaches a no-load temperature of ~ 29 K at its cold end, the two-stage PTC reaches ~ 2.9 K in its second stage cold end and ~ 60 K in its first stage cold end. The two-stage Pulse Tube Cryocooler provides a cooling power of ~ 250 mW at 4.2 K. The single stage system uses stainless steel meshes along with Pb granules as its regenerator materials, while the two-stage PTC uses combinations of Pb along with Er3Ni / HoCu2 as the second stage regenerator materials. Normally, the above systems are insulated by thermal radiation shields and mounted inside a vacuum chamber which is maintained at high vacuum. To evaluate the performance of these systems in the possible conditions of loss of vacuum with and without radiation shields, experimental studies have been performed. The heat-in-leak under such severe conditions has been estimated from the heat load characteristics of the respective stages. The experimental results are analyzed to obtain surface emissivities and effective thermal conductivities as a function of interspace pressure.

Progression and timing of treatment of zone I retinopathy of prematurity.

PubMed

Soh, Yuka; Fujino, Takahiro; Hatsukawa, Yoshikazu

2008-09-01

To clarify the progression of zone I retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) and elucidate the most suitable time and method of treatment. Interventional case series. Forty-six eyes of 23 zone I ROP infants were studied at a single institution. Birth weight ranged from 448 to 954 g, and gestational age ranged from 22 to 26 weeks. Fundus examination was started at 29 or 30 weeks postmenstrual age and was performed once or more per week. The first treatment was performed using laser photocoagulation or cryotherapy when zone I ROP progressed to the following criteria. Treatment criteria A included 35 eyes of 18 cases of zone I any stage ROP with plus disease (Early Treatment for Retinopathy of Prematurity [ETROP] type 1), criteria B included five eyes of three cases of zone I stage 3 ROP with or without plus disease (ETROP type 1), criteria C included six eyes of four cases of stage 1 or stage 2 ROP without plus disease; the demarcation lines belonged, in large part, within the zone I area. Hazy media such as corneal opacity, miotic pupil, tunica vasculosa lentis, and hazy vitreous persisted until approximately 32 weeks postmenstrual age. The mean period between stage 1 and stage 3 mild was one week, that between stage 1 and stage 3 moderate was 1.7 weeks, and that between stage 1 and stage 3 severe was 1.3 weeks. The period between stage 1 and the first treatment was zero to 20 days, and 60.9% of all the cases were treated within 10 days after stage 1. Six of 46 eyes had unfavorable outcomes. Surgical results of our treatment were comparable or better than those of other reports. Immediate treatment was required when zone I ROP was diagnosed behind persistent hazy media.

Single stage, low noise, advanced technology fan. Volume 5: Fan acoustics. Section 2: One-third octave data tabulations and selected narrowband traces

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Jutras, R. R.

1976-01-01

The raw-acoustic data corrected to standard day, from acoustic tests performed on a 0.508-scale fan vehicle of a 111,300 newton thrust, full-size engine, which has application on an advanced transport aircraft, are presented. The single-stage advanced technology fan was designed to a pressure ratio of 1.8 at a tip speed of 503 m/sec to achieve the desired pressure ratio in a single-stage fan with low radius ratio, and to maintain adequate stall margin. The two basic approaches taken in the acoustic design were: (1) minimization of noise at the source, and (2) suppression of the generated noise in the inlet and bypass exhaust duct. Suppression of the generated noise was accomplished in the inlet through use of the hybrid concept (wall acoustic treatment plus airflow acceleration suppression) and in the exhaust duct with extensive acoustic treatment including a splitter. The goal of the design was attainment of twenty effective perceived noise decibels. The suppression goal of FAR 36-20 was not reached, but improvements in the technology of both front and aft fan-noise suppression were realized.

The efficacy of intravenous ketorolac for pain relief in single-stage adjustable strabismus surgery: a prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled trial

PubMed Central

Rhiu, S; Chung, S A; Kim, W K; Chang, J H; Bae, S J; Lee, J B

2011-01-01

Purpose To determine the efficacy of preoperative intravenous ketorolac in reducing intraoperative and postoperative pain and improving patient satisfaction in patients undergoing single-stage adjustable strabismus surgery. Methods A prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial was performed with 67 patients who underwent horizontal recti muscle surgery with adjustable sutures. The test group received intravenous ketorolac (60 mg) before surgery, and the control group received intravenous normal saline. Topical 0.5% proparacaine was administered to both groups during surgery. Vital signs including heart rate and blood pressure were recorded every 10 min throughout the surgery. The patients were asked to rate their maximum intraoperative and postoperative pain scores using a numerical pain rating scale. Patient satisfaction was also assessed using a five-point analogue scale. Results The ketorolac-premedicated patients had less pain both during and after surgery (P=0.033 and P=0.024, respectively). There were no differences in vital signs during surgery and patient satisfaction between the two groups. Conclusions Intravenous ketorolac, when administered preoperatively for single-stage adjustable strabismus surgery under topical anaesthesia, was effective in reducing pain during and after surgery. PMID:21102493

Lengthening Temporalis Myoplasty for Single-Stage Smile Reconstruction in Children with Facial Paralysis.

PubMed

Panossian, Andre

2016-04-01

Free muscle transfer for dynamic smile reanimation in facial paralysis is not always predictable with regard to cosmesis. Hospital stays range from 5 to 7 days. Prolonged operative times, longer hospital stays, and excessive cheek bulk are associated with free flap options. Lengthening temporalis myoplasty offers single-stage smile reanimation with theoretical advantages over free tissue transfer. From 2012 to 2014, 18 lengthening temporalis myoplasties were performed in 14 children for smile reconstruction. A retrospective chart review was completed for demographics, operative times, length of hospital stay, and perioperative complications. Fourteen consecutive patients with complete facial paralysis were included. Four patients underwent single-stage bilateral reconstruction, and 10 underwent unilateral procedures. Diagnoses included Möbius syndrome (n = 5), posterior cranial fossa tumors (n = 4), posttraumatic (n = 2), hemifacial microsomia (n = 1), and idiopathic (n = 2). Average patient age was 10.1 years. Average operative time was 410 minutes (499 minutes for bilateral lengthening temporalis myoplasty and 373 for unilateral lengthening temporalis myoplasty). Average length of stay was 3.3 days (4.75 days for bilateral lengthening temporalis myoplasty and 2.8 for unilateral lengthening temporalis myoplasty). Nine patients required minor revisions. Lengthening temporalis myoplasty is a safe alternative to free tissue transfer for dynamic smile reconstruction in children with facial paralysis. Limited donor-site morbidity, shorter operative times, and shorter hospital stays are some benefits over free flap options. However, revisions are required frequently secondary to tendon avulsions and adhesions. Therapeutic, IV.

Two-stage unilateral versus one-stage bilateral single-port sympathectomy for palmar and axillary hyperhidrosis†

PubMed Central

Ibrahim, Mohsen; Menna, Cecilia; Andreetti, Claudio; Ciccone, Anna Maria; D'Andrilli, Antonio; Maurizi, Giulio; Poggi, Camilla; Vanni, Camilla; Venuta, Federico; Rendina, Erino Angelo

2013-01-01

OBJECTIVES Video-assisted thoracoscopic sympathectomy is currently the best treatment for palmar and axillary hyperhidrosis. It can be performed through either one or two stages of surgery. This study aimed to evaluate the operative and postoperative results of two-stage unilateral vs one-stage bilateral thoracoscopic sympathectomy. METHODS From November 1995 to February 2011, 270 patients with severe palmar and/or axillary hyperhidrosis were recruited for this study. One hundred and thirty patients received one-stage bilateral, single-port video-assisted thoracoscopic sympathectomy (one-stage group) and 140, two-stage unilateral, single-port video-assisted thoracoscopic sympathectomy, with a mean time interval of 4 months between the procedures (two-stage group). RESULTS The mean postoperative follow-up period was 12.5 (range: 1–24 months). After surgery, hands and axillae of all patients were dry and warm. Sixteen (12%) patients of the one-stage group and 15 (11%) of the two-stage group suffered from mild/moderate pain (P = 0.8482). The mean operative time was 38 ± 5 min in the one-stage group and 39 ± 8 min in the two-stage group (P = 0.199). Pneumothorax occurred in 8 (6%) patients of the one-stage group and in 11 (8%) of the two-stage group. Compensatory sweating occurred in 25 (19%) patients of the one-stage group and in 6 (4%) of the two-stage group (P = 0.0001). No patients developed Horner's syndrome. CONCLUSIONS Both two-stage unilateral and one-stage bilateral single-port video-assisted thoracoscopic sympathectomies are effective, safe and minimally invasive procedures. Two-stage unilateral sympathectomy can be performed with a lower occurrence of compensatory sweating, improving permanently the quality of life in patients with palmar and axillary hyperhidrosis. PMID:23442937

Two-stage unilateral versus one-stage bilateral single-port sympathectomy for palmar and axillary hyperhidrosis.

PubMed

Ibrahim, Mohsen; Menna, Cecilia; Andreetti, Claudio; Ciccone, Anna Maria; D'Andrilli, Antonio; Maurizi, Giulio; Poggi, Camilla; Vanni, Camilla; Venuta, Federico; Rendina, Erino Angelo

2013-06-01

Video-assisted thoracoscopic sympathectomy is currently the best treatment for palmar and axillary hyperhidrosis. It can be performed through either one or two stages of surgery. This study aimed to evaluate the operative and postoperative results of two-stage unilateral vs one-stage bilateral thoracoscopic sympathectomy. From November 1995 to February 2011, 270 patients with severe palmar and/or axillary hyperhidrosis were recruited for this study. One hundred and thirty patients received one-stage bilateral, single-port video-assisted thoracoscopic sympathectomy (one-stage group) and 140, two-stage unilateral, single-port video-assisted thoracoscopic sympathectomy, with a mean time interval of 4 months between the procedures (two-stage group). The mean postoperative follow-up period was 12.5 (range: 1-24 months). After surgery, hands and axillae of all patients were dry and warm. Sixteen (12%) patients of the one-stage group and 15 (11%) of the two-stage group suffered from mild/moderate pain (P = 0.8482). The mean operative time was 38 ± 5 min in the one-stage group and 39 ± 8 min in the two-stage group (P = 0.199). Pneumothorax occurred in 8 (6%) patients of the one-stage group and in 11 (8%) of the two-stage group. Compensatory sweating occurred in 25 (19%) patients of the one-stage group and in 6 (4%) of the two-stage group (P = 0.0001). No patients developed Horner's syndrome. Both two-stage unilateral and one-stage bilateral single-port video-assisted thoracoscopic sympathectomies are effective, safe and minimally invasive procedures. Two-stage unilateral sympathectomy can be performed with a lower occurrence of compensatory sweating, improving permanently the quality of life in patients with palmar and axillary hyperhidrosis.

Single-stage autologous ear reconstruction for microtia.

PubMed

Kasrai, Leila; Snyder-Warwick, Alison K; Fisher, David M

2014-03-01

The authors have been using the Nagata technique since 2002. In this review of 100 consecutive ear reconstructions, the authors present technique modifications that have evolved over this period that have contributed to improved auricular contour and that now allow for auricular reconstruction in a single stage. This study is a retrospective review of a prospectively acquired database. The series is restricted to primary reconstructions performed for congenital microtia. Photographs of 10 consecutive patients are presented to demonstrate the results of the technique. Surgical complication rates are discussed. One hundred ear reconstructions were performed in 96 patients. There were 75 primary cases of congenital microtia. Twenty-four ears underwent a two-stage reconstruction, and 51 ears were reconstructed with a Nagata stage I procedure or a single-stage reconstruction. There was a gradual shift in technique, with a trend to perform fewer Nagata stage II outsetting procedures and more single-stage reconstructions. In patients who underwent an ear reconstruction in two stages, the surgical complication rate was 22 percent. In the last 40 consecutive ear reconstructions since abandoning the two-stage approach, the surgical complication rate is now 15 percent. A modification of Nagata's technique of autologous ear reconstruction for microtia is described. Modifications of the three-dimensional framework address the contour of the inferior crus and control tragal projection and position. Inclusion of a projection block and recruitment of retroauricular skin allow for symmetric projection of the ear in a single stage. Therapeutic, IV.

Aerosciences, Aero-Propulsion and Flight Mechanics Technology Development for NASA's Next Generation Launch Technology Program

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Cockrell, Charles E., Jr.

2003-01-01

The Next Generation Launch Technology (NGLT) program, Vehicle Systems Research and Technology (VSR&T) project is pursuing technology advancements in aerothermodynamics, aeropropulsion and flight mechanics to enable development of future reusable launch vehicle (RLV) systems. The current design trade space includes rocket-propelled, hypersonic airbreathing and hybrid systems in two-stage and single-stage configurations. Aerothermodynamics technologies include experimental and computational databases to evaluate stage separation of two-stage vehicles as well as computational and trajectory simulation tools for this problem. Additionally, advancements in high-fidelity computational tools and measurement techniques are being pursued along with the study of flow physics phenomena, such as boundary-layer transition. Aero-propulsion technology development includes scramjet flowpath development and integration, with a current emphasis on hypervelocity (Mach 10 and above) operation, as well as the study of aero-propulsive interactions and the impact on overall vehicle performance. Flight mechanics technology development is focused on advanced guidance, navigation and control (GN&C) algorithms and adaptive flight control systems for both rocket-propelled and airbreathing vehicles.

A dual-stage sodium thermal electrochemical converter (Na-TEC)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Limia, Alexander; Ha, Jong Min; Kottke, Peter; Gunawan, Andrey; Fedorov, Andrei G.; Lee, Seung Woo; Yee, Shannon K.

2017-12-01

The sodium thermal electrochemical converter (Na-TEC) is a heat engine that generates electricity through the isothermal expansion of sodium ions. The Na-TEC is a closed system that can theoretically achieve conversion efficiencies above 45% when operating between thermal reservoirs at 1150 K and 550 K. However, thermal designs have confined previous single-stage devices to thermal efficiencies below 20%. To mitigate some of these limitations, we consider dividing the isothermal expansion into two stages; one at the evaporator temperature (1150 K) and another at an intermediate temperature (650 K-1050 K). This dual-stage Na-TEC takes advantage of regeneration and reheating, and could be amenable to better thermal management. Herein, we demonstrate how the dual-stage device can improve the efficiency by up to 8% points over the best performing single-stage device. We also establish an application regime map for the single- and dual-stage Na-TEC in terms of the power density and the total thermal parasitic loss. Generally, a single-stage Na-TEC should be used for applications requiring high power densities, whereas a dual-stage Na-TEC should be used for applications requiring high efficiency.

On the economics of staging for reusable launch vehicles

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Griffin, Michael D.; Claybaugh, William R.

1996-03-01

There has been much recent discussion concerning possible replacement systems for the current U.S. fleet of launch vehicles, including both the shuttle and expendable vehicles. Attention has been focused upon the feasibility and potential benefits of reusable single-stage-to-orbit (SSTO) launch systems for future access to low Earth orbit (LEO). In this paper we assume the technical feasibility of such vehicles, as well as the benefits to be derived from system reusability. We then consider the benefits of launch vehicle staging from the perspective of economic advantage rather than performance necessity. Conditions are derived under which two-stage-to-orbit (TSTO) launch systems, utilizing SSTO-class vehicle technology, offer a relative economic advantage for access to LEO.

Accomplishing the genotype-specific serodiagnosis of single and dual Trypanosoma cruzi infections by flow cytometry Chagas-Flow ATE-IgG2a.

PubMed

Alessio, Glaucia Diniz; de Araújo, Fernanda Fortes; Sales Júnior, Policarpo Ademar; Gomes, Matheus de Souza; Amaral, Laurence Rodrigues do; Pascoal Xavier, Marcelo Antônio; Teixeira-Carvalho, Andréa; de Lana, Marta; Martins-Filho, Olindo Assis

2018-02-01

The methods currently available for genotype-specific diagnosis of T. cruzi infection still present relevant limitations, especially to identify mixed infection. In the present investigation, we have evaluated the performance of Chagas-Flow ATE-IgG2a test for early and late differential diagnosis of single and dual genotype-specific T. cruzi infections. Serum samples from Swiss mice at early and late stages of T. cruzi infection were assayed in parallel batches for genotype-specific diagnosis of single (TcI, TcVI or TcII) and dual (TcI+TcVI, TcVI+TcII or TcII+TcI) infections. The intrinsic reactivity to TcI, TcVI and TcII target antigens, including amastigote (AI/AVI/AII), trypomastigote-(TI/TVI/TII) and epimastigote (EI/EVI/EII), at specific reverse of serum dilutions (500 to 64,000), was employed to provide reliable decision-trees for "early" vs "late", "single vs "dual" and "genotype-specific" serology. The results demonstrated that selective set of attributes "EII 500/EI 2,000/AII 500" were able to provide high-quality accuracy (81%) to segregate early and late stages of T. cruzi infection. The sets "TI 2,000/AI 1,000/EII 1,000" and "TI 8,000/AII 32,000" presented expressive scores to discriminate single from dual T. cruzi infections at early (85%) and late stages (84%), respectively. Moreover, the attributes "TI 4,000/TVI 500/TII 1,000", "TI 16,000/EI 2,000/EII 2,000/AI 500/TVI 500" showed good performance for genotype-specific diagnosis at early stage of single (72%) and dual (80%) T. cruzi infections, respectively. In addition, the attributes "TI 4,000/AII 1,000/EVI 1,000", "TI 64,000/AVI 500/AI 2,000/AII 1,000/EII 4,000" showed moderate performance for genotype-specific diagnosis at late stage of single (69%) and dual (76%) T. cruzi infections, respectively. The sets of decision-trees were assembled to construct a sequential algorithm with expressive accuracy (81%) for serological diagnosis of T. cruzi infection. These findings engender new perspectives for the application of Chagas-Flow ATE-IgG2a method for genotype-specific diagnosis in humans, with relevant contributions for epidemiological surveys as well as clinical and post-therapeutic monitoring of Chagas disease.

Rocket nozzle expansion ratio analysis for dual-fuel earth-to-orbit vehicles

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Martin, James A.

1989-01-01

Results are reported from a recent study of the effects of Space Shuttle Main Engine expansion ratio modifications, in the cases of both single-stage and two-stage systems. Two-position nozzles were employed; after varying the lower expansion ratio while the higher was held constant at 120, the lower expansion ratio was held constant at 40 or 60 while the higher expansion ratio was varied. The expansion ratios for minimum vehicle dry mass are different for single-stage and two-stage systems. For two-stage systems, a single expansion ratio of 77.5 provides a lower dry mass than any two-position nozzle.

A New Three-Dimensional High-Accuracy Automatic Alignment System For Single-Mode Fibers

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yun-jiang, Rao; Shang-lian, Huang; Ping, Li; Yu-mei, Wen; Jun, Tang

1990-02-01

In order to achieve the low-loss splices of single-mode fibers, a new three-dimension high-accuracy automatic alignment system for single -mode fibers has been developed, which includes a new-type three-dimension high-resolution microdisplacement servo stage driven by piezoelectric elements, a new high-accuracy measurement system for the misalignment error of the fiber core-axis, and a special single chip microcomputer processing system. The experimental results show that alignment accuracy of ±0.1 pin with a movable stroke of -±20μm has been obtained. This new system has more advantages than that reported.

Analysis of health trait data from on-farm computer systems in the U.S. II: Comparison of genomic analyses including two-stage and single-step methods

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

The development of genomic selection methodology, with accompanying substantial gains in reliability for low-heritability traits, may dramatically improve the feasibility of genetic improvement of dairy cow health. Many methods for genomic analysis have now been developed, including the “Bayesian Al...

Feasibility study for long lifetime helium dewar

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Parmley, R. T.

1981-01-01

A feasible concept for a launchable three year lifetime helium dewar was investigted. Current helium dewar designs were examined to see where the largest potential reductions in parasitic heat loads can be made. The study was also devoted to examining support concepts. The support concept chosen, a passive orbital disconnect strut (PODS), has an orbital support conductance that is lower by more than an order of magnitude over current tension band supports. This lower support conductance cuts the total dewar weight in half for the same three year life time requirements. Effort was also concentrated on efficient wire feed through designs and vapor cooling of the multilayer insulation, supports, wire feed throughs and plumbing penetrations. A single stage helium dewar vs. dual stage dewars with a guard cryogen of nitrogen or neon was examined. The single stage dewar concept was selected. Different support concepts were analyzed from which the PODS support concepts was chosen. A preliminary design of the dewar was thermally and structurally analyzed and laid out including system weights, thermal performance and performance sensitivities.

Design and optimization of a single stage centrifugal compressor for a solar dish-Brayton system

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wang, Yongsheng; Wang, Kai; Tong, Zhiting; Lin, Feng; Nie, Chaoqun; Engeda, Abraham

2013-10-01

According to the requirements of a solar dish-Brayton system, a centrifugal compressor stage with a minimum total pressure ratio of 5, an adiabatic efficiency above 75% and a surge margin more than 12% needs to be designed. A single stage, which consists of impeller, radial vaned diffuser, 90° crossover and two rows of axial stators, was chosen to satisfy this system. To achieve the stage performance, an impeller with a 6:1 total pressure ratio and an adiabatic efficiency of 90% was designed and its preliminary geometry came from an in-house one-dimensional program. Radial vaned diffuser was applied downstream of the impeller. Two rows of axial stators after 90° crossover were added to guide the flow into axial direction. Since jet-wake flow, shockwave and boundary layer separation coexisted in the impeller-diffuser region, optimization on the radius ratio of radial diffuser vane inlet to impeller exit, diffuser vane inlet blade angle and number of diffuser vanes was carried out at design point. Finally, an optimized centrifugal compressor stage fulfilled the high expectations and presented proper performance. Numerical simulation showed that at design point the stage adiabatic efficiency was 79.93% and the total pressure ratio was 5.6. The surge margin was 15%. The performance map including 80%, 90% and 100% design speed was also presented.

Liquid oxygen turbopump technology

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Nielson, C. E.

1981-01-01

A small, high-pressure, LOX turbopump was designed, fabricated and tested. The pump is a single-stage centrifugal type with power to the pump supplied by a single-stage partial-admission axial-impulse turbine. Design conditions included an operating speed of 7330 rad/s (70,000 rpm), pump discharge pressure of 2977 N/sqcm (4318 psia), and a pump flowrate of 16.4 Kg/s (36.21 lb/s). The turbopump contains a self-compensating axial thrust balance piston to eliminate axial thrust loads on the bearings during steady-state operation. Testing of the turbopump was achieved usng a gaseous hydrogen high-pressure flow to drive the turbine, which generally is propelled by LOX/LH2 combustion products, at 1041K (1874 R) inlet temperature and at a design pressure ratio of 1.424. Test data obtained with the turbopump are presented which include head-flow-efficiency performance, suction performance, balance piston performance and LOX seal performance. Mechanical performance of the turbopump is also discussed.

Influence of the duration of the second stage of labor on the likelihood of obstetric anal sphincter injury

PubMed Central

AIKEN, Catherine E.; AIKEN, Abigail R.; PRENTICE, Andrew

2014-01-01

Background Duration of the second stage of labor has been suggested as an independent risk factor for clinically detectable obstetric anal sphincter injury in low-risk nulliparous women. Methods A retrospective 5-year cohort study in a UK obstetrics center including high-risk delivery unit and low-risk birthing center. 4831 nulliparous women with vertex-presenting, single, live-born infants at term were included. The cohort was stratified according to spontaneous or instrumental delivery. Binary logistic regression models were used to examine the association between duration of second stage and sphincter injury. Results 325 of 4831 women (6.7%) sustained sphincter injuries. In spontaneously delivering women, there was no association between duration of the second stage and the likelihood of sustaining sphincter injuries. Factors associated with increased likelihood of sustaining sphincter injury included older maternal age, higher birthweight and Southeast Asian ethnicity. By contrast, for women undergoing instrumental delivery, a longer second stage was associated with an increased sphincter injury risk of 6% per 15 minutes in the second stage of labor prior to delivery. Conclusions For spontaneous vaginal deliveries, duration of the second stage of labor is not an independent risk factor for obstetric anal sphincter injuries. The association between prolonged second stage and sphincter injury for instrumental deliveries is likely explained by the risk posed by the use of the instruments themselves or by delay in initiating instrumental assistance. Attempts to modify the duration of the second stage for prevention of sphincter injuries are unlikely to be beneficial and may be detrimental. PMID:25439012

DEVELOPMENT OF COLD CLIMATE HEAT PUMP USING TWO-STAGE COMPRESSION

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Shen, Bo; Rice, C Keith; Abdelaziz, Omar

2015-01-01

This paper uses a well-regarded, hardware based heat pump system model to investigate a two-stage economizing cycle for cold climate heat pump applications. The two-stage compression cycle has two variable-speed compressors. The high stage compressor was modelled using a compressor map, and the low stage compressor was experimentally studied using calorimeter testing. A single-stage heat pump system was modelled as the baseline. The system performance predictions are compared between the two-stage and single-stage systems. Special considerations for designing a cold climate heat pump are addressed at both the system and component levels.

Robotic planetary science missions enabled with small NTR engine/stage technologies

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Borowski, Stanley K.

1995-10-01

The high specific impulse (Isp) and engine thrust-to-weight ratio of liquid hydrogen (LH2)-cooled nuclear thermal rocket (NTR) engines makes them ideal for upper stage applications to difficult robotic planetary science missions. A small 15 thousand pound force (klbf) NTR engine using a uranium-zirconium-niobium 'ternary carbide' fuel (Isp approximately 960 seconds at approximately 3025K) developed in the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) is examined and its use on an expendable injection stage is shown to provide major increases in payload delivered to the outer planets (Saturn, Uranus, Neptune and Pluto). Using a single 'Titan IV-class' launch vehicle, with a lift capability to low Earth orbit (LEO) of approximately 20 metric tons (t), an expendable NTR upper stage can inject two Pluto 'Fast Flyby' spacecraft (PFF/SC) plus support equipment-combined mass of approximately 508 kg--on high energy, '6.5-9.2 year' direct trajectory missions to Pluto. A conventional chemical propulsion mission would use a liquid oxygen (LOX)/LH2 'Centaur' upper stage and two solid rocket 'kick motors' to inject a single PFF/SC on the same Titan IV launch vehicle. For follow on Pluto missions, the NTR injection stage would utilize a Jupiter 'gravity assist' (JGA) maneuver to launch a LOX/liquid methane (CH4) capture stage (Isp approximately 375 seconds) and a Pluto 'orbiter' spacecraft weighing between approximately 167-312 kg. With chemical propulsion, a Pluto orbiter mission is not a viable option because c inadequate delivered mass. Using a 'standardized' NTR injection stage and the same single Titan IV launch scenario, 'direct flight' (no gravity assist) orbiter missions to Saturn, Uranus and Neptune are also enabled with transit times of 2.3, 6.6, and 12.6 years, respectively. Injected mass includes a storable, nitrogen tetroxide/monomethyl hydrazine (N2O4/MMH) capture stage (Isp approximately 330 seconds) and orbiter payloads 340 to 820% larger than that achievable using a LOX/LH2-fueled injection stage. The paper discusses NTR technology and mission characteristics, shows NTR stage and payload accommodations within the 26.2 m long Titan IV payload fairing, and discusses NTR stage performance as a function of assumed cryogenic tank technology.

Robotic Planetary Science Missions Enabled with Small NTR Engine/Stage Technologies

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Borowski, Stanley K.

1995-01-01

The high specific impulse (Isp) and engine thrust-to-weight ratio of liquid hydrogen (LH2)-cooled nuclear thermal rocket (NTR) engines makes them ideal for upper stage applications to difficult robotic planetary science missions. A small 15 thousand pound force (klbf) NTR engine using a uranium-zirconium-niobium 'ternary carbide' fuel (Isp approximately 960 seconds at approximately 3025K) developed in the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) is examined and its use on an expendable injection stage is shown to provide major increases in payload delivered to the outer planets (Saturn, Uranus, Neptune and Pluto). Using a single 'Titan IV-class' launch vehicle, with a lift capability to low Earth orbit (LEO) of approximately 20 metric tons (t), an expendable NTR upper stage can inject two Pluto 'Fast Flyby' spacecraft (PFF/SC) plus support equipment-combined mass of approximately 508 kg--on high energy, '6.5-9.2 year' direct trajectory missions to Pluto. A conventional chemical propulsion mission would use a liquid oxygen (LOX)/LH2 'Centaur' upper stage and two solid rocket 'kick motors' to inject a single PFF/SC on the same Titan IV launch vehicle. For follow on Pluto missions, the NTR injection stage would utilize a Jupiter 'gravity assist' (JGA) maneuver to launch a LOX/liquid methane (CH4) capture stage (Isp approximately 375 seconds) and a Pluto 'orbiter' spacecraft weighing between approximately 167-312 kg. With chemical propulsion, a Pluto orbiter mission is not a viable option because c inadequate delivered mass. Using a 'standardized' NTR injection stage and the same single Titan IV launch scenario, 'direct flight' (no gravity assist) orbiter missions to Saturn, Uranus and Neptune are also enabled with transit times of 2.3, 6.6, and 12.6 years, respectively. Injected mass includes a storable, nitrogen tetroxide/monomethyl hydrazine (N2O4/MMH) capture stage (Isp approximately 330 seconds) and orbiter payloads 340 to 820% larger than that achievable using a LOX/LH2-fueled injection stage. The paper discusses NTR technology and mission characteristics, shows NTR stage and payload accommodations within the 26.2 m long Titan IV payload fairing, and discusses NTR stage performance as a function of assumed cryogenic tank technology.

Ballistics considerations for small-caliber, low-density projectiles

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Gouge, M.J.; Baylor, L.R.; Combs, S.K.

1993-11-01

One major application for single- and two-stage light gas guns is for fueling magnetic fusion confinement devices. Powder guns are not a feasible alternative due to possible plasma contamination by residual powder gases and the eventual requirement of steady-state operation at {approximately} 1 Hz, which will dictate a closed gas handling system where propellant gases are recovered, processed and recompressed. Interior ballistic calculations for single-stage light gas guns, both analytical and numerical, are compared to an extensive data base for low density hydrogenic projectiles (pellets). Some innovative range diagnostics are described for determining the size and velocity of these smallmore » (several mm) size projectiles. A conceptual design of a closed cycle propellant gas system is presented including tradeoffs between different light propellant gases.« less

Two-stage earth-to-orbit vehicles with dual-fuel propulsion in the Orbiter

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Martin, J. A.

1982-01-01

Earth-to-orbit vehicle studies of future replacements for the Space Shuttle are needed to guide technology development. Previous studies that have examined single-stage vehicles have shown advantages for dual-fuel propulsion. Previous two-stage system studies have assumed all-hydrogen fuel for the Orbiters. The present study examined dual-fuel Orbiters and found that the system dry mass could be reduced with this concept. The possibility of staging the booster at a staging velocity low enough to allow coast-back to the launch site is shown to be beneficial, particularly in combination with a dual-fuel Orbiter. An engine evaluation indicated the same ranking of engines as did a previous single-stage study. Propane and RP-1 fuels result in lower vehicle dry mass than methane, and staged-combustion engines are preferred over gas-generator engines. The sensitivity to the engine selection is less for two-stage systems than for single-stage systems.

Review of X-33 Hypersonic Aerodynamic and Aerothermodynamic Development

DTIC Science & Technology

2000-09-01

proposed development of a fully reusable, rocket pow- ered, single-stage-to-orbit ( SSTO ) vehicle capa- ble of delivering 25,000 lbs (including crew...space at greatly reduced cost. The “Access-to-Space” study identified critical technologies that required development before a SSTO reusable launch

Body Fat Percentage Prediction Using Intelligent Hybrid Approaches

PubMed Central

Shao, Yuehjen E.

2014-01-01

Excess of body fat often leads to obesity. Obesity is typically associated with serious medical diseases, such as cancer, heart disease, and diabetes. Accordingly, knowing the body fat is an extremely important issue since it affects everyone's health. Although there are several ways to measure the body fat percentage (BFP), the accurate methods are often associated with hassle and/or high costs. Traditional single-stage approaches may use certain body measurements or explanatory variables to predict the BFP. Diverging from existing approaches, this study proposes new intelligent hybrid approaches to obtain fewer explanatory variables, and the proposed forecasting models are able to effectively predict the BFP. The proposed hybrid models consist of multiple regression (MR), artificial neural network (ANN), multivariate adaptive regression splines (MARS), and support vector regression (SVR) techniques. The first stage of the modeling includes the use of MR and MARS to obtain fewer but more important sets of explanatory variables. In the second stage, the remaining important variables are served as inputs for the other forecasting methods. A real dataset was used to demonstrate the development of the proposed hybrid models. The prediction results revealed that the proposed hybrid schemes outperformed the typical, single-stage forecasting models. PMID:24723804

HASA: Hypersonic Aerospace Sizing Analysis for the Preliminary Design of Aerospace Vehicles

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Harloff, Gary J.; Berkowitz, Brian M.

1988-01-01

A review of the hypersonic literature indicated that a general weight and sizing analysis was not available for hypersonic orbital, transport, and fighter vehicles. The objective here is to develop such a method for the preliminary design of aerospace vehicles. This report describes the developed methodology and provides examples to illustrate the model, entitled the Hypersonic Aerospace Sizing Analysis (HASA). It can be used to predict the size and weight of hypersonic single-stage and two-stage-to-orbit vehicles and transports, and is also relevant for supersonic transports. HASA is a sizing analysis that determines vehicle length and volume, consistent with body, fuel, structural, and payload weights. The vehicle component weights are obtained from statistical equations for the body, wing, tail, thermal protection system, landing gear, thrust structure, engine, fuel tank, hydraulic system, avionics, electral system, equipment payload, and propellant. Sample size and weight predictions are given for the Space Shuttle orbiter and other proposed vehicles, including four hypersonic transports, a Mach 6 fighter, a supersonic transport (SST), a single-stage-to-orbit (SSTO) vehicle, a two-stage Space Shuttle with a booster and an orbiter, and two methane-fueled vehicles.

Glovebox stripper system tritium capture efficiency-literature review

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

James, D. W.; Poore, A. S.

2015-09-28

Glovebox Stripper Systems (GBSS) are intended to minimize tritium emissions from glovebox confinement systems in Tritium facilities. A question was raised to determine if an assumed 99% stripping (decontamination) efficiency in the design of a GBBS was appropriate. A literature review showed the stated 99% tritium capture efficiency used for design of the GBSS is reasonable. Four scenarios were indicated for GBSSs. These include release with a single or dual stage setup which utilizes either single-pass or recirculation for stripping purposes. Examples of single-pass as well as recirculation stripper systems are presented and reviewed in this document.

HCN1 channels in cerebellar Purkinje cells promote late stages of learning and constrain synaptic inhibition

PubMed Central

Rinaldi, Arianna; Defterali, Cagla; Mialot, Antoine; Garden, Derek L F; Beraneck, Mathieu; Nolan, Matthew F

2013-01-01

Neural computations rely on ion channels that modify neuronal responses to synaptic inputs. While single cell recordings suggest diverse and neurone type-specific computational functions for HCN1 channels, their behavioural roles in any single neurone type are not clear. Using a battery of behavioural assays, including analysis of motor learning in vestibulo-ocular reflex and rotarod tests, we find that deletion of HCN1 channels from cerebellar Purkinje cells selectively impairs late stages of motor learning. Because deletion of HCN1 modifies only a subset of behaviours involving Purkinje cells, we asked whether the channel also has functional specificity at a cellular level. We find that HCN1 channels in cerebellar Purkinje cells reduce the duration of inhibitory synaptic responses but, in the absence of membrane hyperpolarization, do not affect responses to excitatory inputs. Our results indicate that manipulation of subthreshold computation in a single neurone type causes specific modifications to behaviour. PMID:24000178

Dysphagia in Infants with Single Ventricle Anatomy Following Stage 1 Palliation: Physiologic Correlates and Response to Treatment

PubMed Central

McGrattan, Katlyn Elizabeth; McGhee, Heather; DeToma, Allan; Hill, Elizabeth G.; Zyblewski, Sinai C.; Lefton-Greif, Maureen; Halstead, Lucinda; Bradley, Scott M.; Martin-Harris, Bonnie

2017-01-01

Background Deficits in swallowing physiology are a leading morbidity for infants with functional single ventricles and systemic outflow tract obstruction following stage 1 palliation. Despite the high prevalence of this condition, the underlying deficits that cause this post-operative impairment remain poorly understood. Objective Identify the physiologic correlates of dysphagia in infants with functional single ventricles and systemic outflow tract obstruction following stage 1 palliative surgery. Methods Postoperative fiberoptic laryngoscopies and videofluoroscopic swallow studies (VFSS) were conducted sequentially on infants with functional single ventricles following stage 1 palliative surgery. Infants were dichotomized as having normal or impaired laryngeal function based on laryngoscopy findings. VFSS were evaluated frame-by-frame using a scale that quantifies performance within 11 components of swallowing physiology. Physiologic attributes within each component were categorized as high functioning or low functioning based on their ability to support milk ingestion without bolus airway entry. Results Thirty-six infants (25 male) were included in the investigation. Twenty-four underwent the Norwood procedure and twelve underwent the Hybrid procedure. Low function physiologic patterns were observed within multiple swallowing components during the ingestion of thin barium as characterized by ≥ 4 sucks per swallow (36%), initiation of pharyngeal swallow below the level of the valleculae (83%), and incomplete late laryngeal vestibular closure (56%) at the height of the swallow. Swallowing deficits contributed to aspiration in 50% of infants. Although nectar thick liquids reduced the rate of aspiration (p=0.006), aspiration rates remained high (27%). No differences in rates of penetration or aspiration were observed between infants with normal and impaired laryngeal function. Conclusions Deficits in swallowing physiology contribute to penetration and aspiration following stage 1 palliation among infants with normal and impaired laryngeal function. Although thickened liquids may improve airway protection for select infants, they may inhibit their ability to extract the bolus and meet nutritional needs. PMID:28244680

Dysphagia in infants with single ventricle anatomy following stage 1 palliation: Physiologic correlates and response to treatment.

PubMed

McGrattan, Katlyn Elizabeth; McGhee, Heather; DeToma, Allan; Hill, Elizabeth G; Zyblewski, Sinai C; Lefton-Greif, Maureen; Halstead, Lucinda; Bradley, Scott M; Martin-Harris, Bonnie

2017-05-01

Deficits in swallowing physiology are a leading morbidity for infants with functional single ventricles and systemic outflow tract obstruction following stage 1 palliation. Despite the high prevalence of this condition, the underlying deficits that cause this post-operative impairment remain poorly understood. Identify the physiologic correlates of dysphagia in infants with functional single ventricles and systemic outflow tract obstruction following stage 1 palliative surgery. Postoperative fiberoptic laryngoscopies and videofluoroscopic swallow studies (VFSS) were conducted sequentially on infants with functional single ventricles following stage 1 palliative surgery. Infants were dichotomized as having normal or impaired laryngeal function based on laryngoscopy findings. VFSS were evaluated frame-by-frame using a scale that quantifies performance within 11 components of swallowing physiology. Physiologic attributes within each component were categorized as high functioning or low functioning based on their ability to support milk ingestion without bolus airway entry. Thirty-six infants (25 male) were included in the investigation. Twenty-four underwent the Norwood procedure and twelve underwent the Hybrid procedure. Low function physiologic patterns were observed within multiple swallowing components during the ingestion of thin barium as characterized by ≥4 sucks per swallow (36%), initiation of pharyngeal swallow below the level of the valleculae (83%), and incomplete late laryngeal vestibular closure (56%) at the height of the swallow. Swallowing deficits contributed to aspiration in 50% of infants. Although nectar thick liquids reduced the rate of aspiration (P = .006), aspiration rates remained high (27%). No differences in rates of penetration or aspiration were observed between infants with normal and impaired laryngeal function. Deficits in swallowing physiology contribute to penetration and aspiration following stage 1 palliation among infants with normal and impaired laryngeal function. Although thickened liquids may improve airway protection for select infants, they may inhibit their ability to extract the bolus and meet nutritional needs. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Papineau debridement, Ilizarov bone transport, and negative-pressure wound closure for septic bone defects of the tibia.

PubMed

Karargyris, Orestis; Polyzois, Vasilios D; Karabinas, Panayiotis; Mavrogenis, Andreas F; Pneumaticos, Spyros G

2014-08-01

Ilizarov pioneered bone transport using a circular external fixator. Papineau described a staged technique for the treatment for infected pseudarthrosis of the long bones. This article presents a single-stage Papineau technique and Ilizarov bone transport, and postoperative negative-pressure wound dressing changes for septic bone defects of the tibia. We studied the files of seven patients (mean age, 32 years) with septic bone defects of the tibia treated with a Papineau technique and Ilizarov bone transport in a single stage, followed by postoperative negative-pressure wound dressing changes. All patients had septic pseudarthrosis and skin necrosis of the tibia. The technique included a single-stage extensive surgical debridement of necrotic bone, open bone grafting with cancellous bone autograft and bone transport, and postoperative negative-pressure wound dressing changes for wound closure. The mean time from the initial injury was 6 months (range, 4-8 months). The mean follow-up was 14 months (range, 10-17 months). All patients experienced successful wound healing at a mean of 29 days. Six patients experienced successful bone regeneration and union at the docking side at a mean of 6 months. One patient experienced delayed union at the docking site, which was treated with autologous cancellous bone grafting. Two patients experienced pin track infection, which was successfully treated with antibiotics and pin site dressing changes. All patients were able to return to their work and previous levels of activity, except one patient who had a stiff ankle joint and had to change his job. No patient experienced recurrence of infection, or fracture of the regenerated or transported bone segment until the period of this study. The combined Papineau and Ilizarov bone transport technique with negative-pressure wound closure provides for successful eradication of the infection, reconstruction of the bone defect, and soft-tissue closure. A single-stage surgical treatment is feasible, without any complications.

Impact of Marital Status on Tumor Stage at Diagnosis and on Survival in Male Breast Cancer.

PubMed

Adekolujo, Orimisan Samuel; Tadisina, Shourya; Koduru, Ujwala; Gernand, Jill; Smith, Susan Jane; Kakarala, Radhika Ramani

2017-07-01

The effect of marital status (MS) on survival varies according to cancer type and gender. There has been no report on the impact of MS on survival in male breast cancer (MBC). This study aims to determine the influence of MS on tumor stage at diagnosis and survival in MBC. Men with MBC ≥18 years of age in the SEER database from 1990 to 2011 were included in the study. MS was classified as married and unmarried (including single, divorced, separated, widowed). Kaplan-Meier method was used to estimate the 5-year cancer-specific survival. Multivariate regression analyses were done to determine the effect of MS on presence of Stage IV disease at diagnosis and on cancer-specific mortality. The study included 3,761 men; 2,647 (70.4%) were married. Unmarried men were more often diagnosed with Stage IV MBC compared with married (10.7% vs. 5.5%, p < .001). Unmarried men (compared with married) were significantly less likely to undergo surgery (92.4% vs. 96.7%, p < .001). Overall unmarried males with Stages II, III, and IV MBC have significantly worse 5-year cancer-specific survival compared with married. On multivariate analysis, being unmarried was associated with increased hazard of death (HR = 1.43, p < .001) and increased likelihood of Stage IV disease at diagnosis ( OR = 1.96, p < .001). Unmarried males with breast cancer are at greater risk for Stage IV disease at diagnosis and poorer outcomes compared with married males.

Ngas Multi-Stage Coaxial High Efficiency Cooler (hec)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Nguyen, T.; Toma, G.; Jaco, C.; Raab, J.

2010-04-01

This paper presents the performance data of the single and two-stage High Efficiency Cooler (HEC) tested with coaxial cold heads. The single stage coaxial cold head has been optimized to operate at temperatures of 40 K and above. The two-stage parallel cold head configuration has been optimized to operate at 30 K and above and provides a long-life, low mass and efficient two-stage version of the Northrop Grumman Aerospace Systems (NGAS) flight qualified single stage HEC cooler. The HEC pulse tube cryocoolers are the latest generation of flight coolers with heritage to the 12 Northrop Grumman Aerospace Systems (NGAS) coolers currently on orbit with 2 operating for more than 11.5 years. This paper presents the performance data of the one and two-stage versions of this cooler under a wide range of heat rejection temperature, cold head temperature and input power.

Single-stage soft tissue reconstruction and orbital fracture repair for complex facial injuries.

PubMed

Wu, Peng Sen; Matoo, Reshvin; Sun, Hong; Song, Li Yuan; Kikkawa, Don O; Lu, Wei

2017-02-01

Orbital fractures with open periorbital wounds cause significant morbidity. Timing of debridement with fracture repair and soft tissue reconstruction is controversial. This study focuses on the efficacy of early single-stage repair in combined bony and soft tissue injuries. Retrospective review. Twenty-three patients with combined open soft tissue wounds and orbital fractures were studied for single-stage orbital reconstruction and periorbital soft tissue repair. Inclusion criteria were open soft tissue wounds with clinical and radiographic evidence of orbital fractures and repair performed within 48 h after injury. Surgical complications and reconstructive outcomes were assessed over 6 months. The main outcome measures were enophthalmos, pre- and post-CT imaging of orbits, scar evaluation, presence of diplopia, and eyelid position. Enophthalmos was corrected in 16/19 cases and improved in 3/19 cases. 3D reconstruction of CT images showed markedly improved orbital alignment with objective measurements of the optic foramen to cornea distance (mm) in reconstructed orbits relative to intact orbits of 0.66, 95% confidence interval [CI] (lower 0.33, upper 0.99) mm. The mean baseline of Stony Brook Scar Evaluation Scale was 0.6, 95%CI (0.30-0.92), and for 6 months, the mean score was 3.4, 95%CI (3.05-3.73). Residual diplopia in secondary gazes was present in two patients; one patient had ectropion. Complications included one case of local wound infection. An early single-stage repair of combined soft tissue and orbital fractures yields satisfactory functional and aesthetic outcomes. Complications are low and likely related to trauma severity. Copyright © 2016 British Association of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgeons. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Single stage treatment of ankylosis of the temporomandibular joint using patient-specific total joint replacement and virtual surgical planning.

PubMed

Haq, Jahrad; Patel, Nishma; Weimer, Katherine; Matthews, N Shaun

2014-04-01

Ankylosis of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is a debilitating condition that can result in pain, trismus, and a poor quality of life. It can be caused by injury, infection, and rheumatoid disease. Current management includes gap arthroplasty, interpositional arthroplasty, and reconstruction. Traditionally, joints are reconstructed using stock implants, or the procedure is done in two stages with an additional computed tomography (CT) scan between the resective and reconstructive procedures and use of stereolithographic models to aid the design of the definitive prostheses. We describe a technique for the resection of ankylosis and reconstruction of the joint in a single operation using virtually designed custom-made implants. Five patients with ankylosis of the TMJ had a single stage operation with reconstruction between 2010 and 2012. All had preoperative high-resolution CT with contrast angiography. During an international web-based teleconference between the surgeon and the engineer a virtual resection of the ankylosis was done using the reconstructed CT images. The bespoke cutting guides and implants were designed virtually at the same time and were then manufactured precisely using computer-aided design and manufacture (CAD-CAM) over 6 weeks. After release of the ankylosis and reconstruction, the patients underwent an exercise regimen to improve mouth opening. Follow-up was for a minimum of 6 months. Four patients had one operation, and one patient had two. Median/Mean maximum incisal opening increased from 0.6mm before operation to 25 mm afterwards (range 23-27), and there was minimal surgical morbidity. This new method effectively treats ankylosis of the TMJ in a single stage procedure. Fewer operations and hospital stays, and the maintenance of overall clinical outcome are obvious advantages. Crown Copyright © 2014. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Retrograde Ureteroscopic Management of Large Renal Calculi: A Single Institutional Experience and Concise Literature Review.

PubMed

Scotland, Kymora B; Rudnick, Benjamin; Healy, Kelly A; Hubosky, Scott G; Bagley, Demetrius H

2018-06-06

Advances in flexible ureteroscope design and accessory instrumentation have allowed for more challenging cases to be treated ureteroscopically. Here, we evaluate our experience with ureteroscopy (URS) for the management of large renal calculi (≥2 cm) and provide a concise review of recent reports. A retrospective review was undertaken of all URS cases between 2004 and 2014 performed by the endourologic team at a single academic tertiary care institution. We identified patients with at least one stone ≥2 cm managed with retrograde URS. Stone size was defined as the largest linear diameter of the index stone. Small diameter flexible ureteroscopes were used primarily with holmium laser. Patient demographics, intraoperative data, and postoperative outcomes were evaluated. We evaluated 167 consecutive patients who underwent URS for large renal stones ≥2 cm. The initial reason for choosing URS included patient preference (29.5%), failure of other therapies (8.2%), anatomic considerations/body habitus (30.3%), and comorbidities (28.8%). Mean patient age was 55.5 years (22-84). The mean stone size was 2.75 cm with mean number of procedures per patient of 1.65 (1-6). The single session stone-free rate was 57.1%, two-stage procedure stone-free rate was 90.2% and three-stage stone-free rate was 94.0%. Access sheaths were used in 47% of patients. An association was identified between stone size and patient outcomes; smaller stones correlated with decreased number of procedures. Postoperative complications were minor. Single or multi-stage retrograde ureteroscopic lithotripsy is a safe and effective mode of surgical management of large renal calculi. Total stone burden is a reliable predictor of the need for a staged procedure and of stone-free rate.

Single dose pharmacokinetics of the transdermal rotigotine patch in patients with impaired renal function.

PubMed

Cawello, Willi; Ahrweiler, Sascha; Sulowicz, Wladyslaw; Szymczakiewicz-Multanowska, Agnieszka; Braun, Marina

2012-01-01

To evaluate the influence of different stages of chronic renal insufficiency on the pharmacokinetics and safety/tolerability of the transdermally applied dopamine agonist rotigotine in an open label group comparison including 32 subjects (healthy, mild, moderate or severe impairment of renal function and patients with end-stage renal insufficiency requiring haemodialysis). METHODS All subjects received a single transdermal 10 cm² patch (24 h patch-on period) containing 4.5 mg rotigotine (nominal drug release 2 mg 24 h⁻¹). Main evaluations included relative bioavailability and renal elimination of rotigotine and its metabolites. Point estimates for the ratios between the groups with moderate to severe renal impairment and healthy subjects for the pharmacokinetic parameters AUC(0,t(last) ) and C(max) for the active substance unconjugated rotigotine were near 1:0.88 for AUC and 0.93 for C(max) for moderate renal impairment, 1.14 and 1.18 for severe renal impairment and 1.05 and 1.25 for end-stage renal insufficiency requiring haemodialysis. There was no correlation of these parameters with creatinine clearance. The amount of unconjugated rotigotine excreted into urine and renal clearance decreased with increasing severity of renal insufficiency but had no observable effect on total clearance as the amounts excreted were below 1% of the administered dose. Occurrence of adverse events did not increase with the degree of renal insufficiency. The pharmacokinetic profiles of unconjugated rotigotine were similar in healthy subjects and subjects with impaired renal function indicating that no dose adjustments are required for transdermal rotigotine in patients with different stages of chronic renal insufficiency including patients on haemodialysis. © 2011 UCB Biosciences GmbH. British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology © 2011 The British Pharmacological Society.

Single dose pharmacokinetics of the transdermal rotigotine patch in patients with impaired renal function

PubMed Central

Cawello, Willi; Ahrweiler, Sascha; Sulowicz, Wladyslaw; Szymczakiewicz-Multanowska, Agnieszka; Braun, Marina

2012-01-01

AIM To evaluate the influence of different stages of chronic renal insufficiency on the pharmacokinetics and safety/tolerability of the transdermally applied dopamine agonist rotigotine in an open label group comparison including 32 subjects (healthy, mild, moderate or severe impairment of renal function and patients with end-stage renal insufficiency requiring haemodialysis). METHODS All subjects received a single transdermal 10 cm2 patch (24 h patch-on period) containing 4.5 mg rotigotine (nominal drug release 2 mg 24 h−1). Main evaluations included relative bioavailability and renal elimination of rotigotine and its metabolites. RESULTS Point estimates for the ratios between the groups with moderate to severe renal impairment and healthy subjects for the pharmacokinetic parameters AUC(0,tlast) and Cmax for the active substance unconjugated rotigotine were near 1:0.88 for AUC and 0.93 for Cmax for moderate renal impairment, 1.14 and 1.18 for severe renal impairment and 1.05 and 1.25 for end-stage renal insufficiency requiring haemodialysis. There was no correlation of these parameters with creatinine clearance. The amount of unconjugated rotigotine excreted into urine and renal clearance decreased with increasing severity of renal insufficiency but had no observable effect on total clearance as the amounts excreted were below 1% of the administered dose. Occurrence of adverse events did not increase with the degree of renal insufficiency. CONCLUSIONS The pharmacokinetic profiles of unconjugated rotigotine were similar in healthy subjects and subjects with impaired renal function indicating that no dose adjustments are required for transdermal rotigotine in patients with different stages of chronic renal insufficiency including patients on haemodialysis. PMID:21707699

Single-Anesthetic Versus Staged Bilateral Total Hip Arthroplasty: A Matched Cohort Study.

PubMed

Houdek, Matthew T; Wyles, Cody C; Watts, Chad D; Wagner, Eric R; Sierra, Rafael J; Trousdale, Robert T; Taunton, Michael J

2017-01-04

There is debate regarding the role of single-anesthetic versus staged bilateral total hip arthroplasty (THA) for patients with end-stage bilateral osteoarthritis. Studies have shown that single-anesthetic bilateral THA is associated with systemic complications, but there are limited data comparing patient outcomes in a matched setting of bilateral THA. We identified 94 patients (188 hips) who underwent single-anesthetic bilateral THA. Fifty-seven percent of the patients were male. Patients had a mean age of 52.2 years and body mass index of 27.1 kg/m. They were matched 1:1 on the basis of sex, age (±1 year), and year of surgery (±3 years) to a cohort of patients undergoing staged bilateral THA. In the staged group, there was <1 year between procedures (range, 5 days to 10 months). Mean follow-up was 4 years for each group. Patients in the single-anesthetic group experienced shorter total operating room time and length of stay. There was no difference (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.73, p = 0.50) in the overall revision-free survival in patients undergoing single-anesthetic or staged bilateral THA. The risks of reoperation (HR = 0.69, p = 0.40), complications (HR = 0.83, p = 0.48), and mortality (HR = 0.47, p = 0.10) were similar. Single-anesthetic bilateral THA reduced the total cost of care (by 27%, p = 0.0001). In this matched cohort analysis, single-anesthetic bilateral THA was not associated with an increased risk of revision, reoperation, or postoperative complications, while decreasing cost. In our experience, single-anesthetic bilateral THA is a safe procedure that, for certain patients, offers an excellent means to deal with bilateral hip osteoarthritis. Therapeutic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.

Arrhythmias Following Comprehensive Stage II Surgical Palliation in Single Ventricle Patients.

PubMed

Wilhelm, Carolyn M; Paulus, Diane; Cua, Clifford L; Kertesz, Naomi J; Cheatham, John P; Galantowicz, Mark; Fernandez, Richard P

2016-03-01

Post-operative arrhythmias are common in pediatric patients following cardiac surgery. Following hybrid palliation in single ventricle patients, a comprehensive stage II palliation is performed. The incidence of arrhythmias in patients following comprehensive stage II palliation is unknown. The purpose of this study is to determine the incidence of arrhythmias following comprehensive stage II palliation. A single-center retrospective chart review was performed on all single ventricle patients undergoing a comprehensive stage II palliation from January 2010 to May 2014. Pre-operative, operative, and post-operative data were collected. A clinically significant arrhythmia was defined as an arrhythmia which led to cardiopulmonary resuscitation or required treatment with either pacing or antiarrhythmic medication. Statistical analysis was performed with Wilcoxon rank-sum test and Fisher's exact test with p < 0.05 significant. Forty-eight single ventricle patients were reviewed (32 hypoplastic left heart syndrome, 16 other single ventricle variants). Age at surgery was 185 ± 56 days. Cardiopulmonary bypass time was 259 ± 45 min. Average vasoactive-inotropic score was 5.97 ± 7.58. Six patients (12.5 %) had clinically significant arrhythmias: four sinus bradycardia, one 2:1 atrioventricular block, and one slow junctional rhythm. No tachyarrhythmias were documented for this patient population. Presence of arrhythmia was associated with elevated lactate (p = 0.04) and cardiac arrest (p = 0.002). Following comprehensive stage II palliation, single ventricle patients are at low risk for development of tachyarrhythmias. The most frequent arrhythmia seen in these patients was sinus bradycardia associated with respiratory compromise.

Multi-stage versus single-stage inflation and deflation cycle for alternating low pressure air mattresses to prevent pressure ulcers in hospitalised patients: a randomised-controlled clinical trial.

PubMed

Demarré, L; Beeckman, D; Vanderwee, K; Defloor, T; Grypdonck, M; Verhaeghe, S

2012-04-01

The duration and the amount of pressure and shear must be reduced in order to minimize the risk of pressure ulcer development. Alternating low pressure air mattresses with multi-stage inflation and deflation cycle of the air cells have been developed to relieve pressure by sequentially inflating and deflating the air cells. Evidence about the effectiveness of this type of mattress in clinical practice is lacking. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of an alternating low pressure air mattress that has a standard single-stage inflation and deflation cycle of the air cells with an alternating low pressure air mattress with multi-stage inflation and deflation cycle of the air cells. A randomised controlled trial was performed in a convenience sample of 25 wards in five hospitals in Belgium. In total, 610 patients were included and randomly assigned to the experimental group (n=298) or the control group (n=312). In the experimental group, patients were allocated to an alternating low pressure air mattress with multi-stage inflation and deflation cycle of the air cells. In the control group, patients were allocated to an alternating low pressure air mattress with a standard single-stage inflation and deflation cycle of the air cells. The outcome was defined as cumulative pressure ulcer incidence (Grade II-IV). An intention-to-treat analysis was performed. There was no significant difference in cumulative pressure ulcer incidence (Grade II-IV) between both groups (Exp.=5.7%, Contr.=5.8%, p=0.97). When patients developed a pressure ulcer, the median time was 5.0 days in the experimental group (IQR=3.0-8.5) and 8.0 days in the control group (IQR=3.0-8.5) (Mann-Whitney U-test=113, p=0.182). The probability to remain pressure ulcer free during the observation period in this trial did not differ significantly between the experimental group and the control group (log-rank χ(2)=0.013, df=1, p=0.911). An alternating low pressure air mattress with multi-stage inflation and deflation of the air cells does not result in a significantly lower pressure ulcer incidence compared to an alternating low pressure air mattress with a standard single-stage inflation and deflation cycle of the air cells. Both alternating mattress types are equally effective to prevent pressure ulcer development. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Single stage reduction and stabilization of basilar invagination after failed prior fusion surgery in children with Down's syndrome.

PubMed

Hedequist, Daniel; Bekelis, Kimon; Emans, John; Proctor, Mark R

2010-02-15

We describe an innovative single-stage reduction and stabilization technique using modern cervical instrumentation. We hypothesis modern instrumentation has made more aggressive surgical corrections possible and has reduced the need for transoral resection of the odontoid and traction reduction in children with basilar invagination. Craniocervical junction abnormalities, including atlantoaxial instability and progressive basilar invagination, are relatively common phenomenon in Down's syndrome patients, and can lead to chronic progressive neurologic deficits, catastrophic injury, and death. This patient population also can be a difficult one in which to perform successful stabilization and fusion. We reviewed the records and films on 2 children with Down's syndrome and atlantoaxial instability who had undergone prior occipital-cervical fusion and then presented with symptomatic progressive basilar invagination due to atlantoaxial displacement. In both cases, the children had progressive symptoms of spinal cord and brain stem compression. Multiple approaches for surgical correction, including preoperative traction and transoral odontoid resection, were considered, but ultimately it was elected to perform a single stage posterior operation. In both patients, we performed fusion takedown, intraoperative realignment with reduction of the basilar invagination, and stabilization using modern occipito-cervical instrumentation. In both children, excellent cranio-cervical realignment was achieved; along with successful fusion and improvement in clinical symptoms. In this article we will discuss the clinical cases and review the background of craniocervical junction abnormalities in Down's syndrome patients. We hypothesis modern instrumentation has made more aggressive surgical corrections possible and has reduced the need for transoral resection of the odontoid and traction reduction in children with basilar invagination.

Early, Equivalent ERP Masked Priming Effects for Regular and Irregular Morphology

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Morris, Joanna; Stockall, Linnaea

2012-01-01

Converging evidence from behavioral masked priming (Rastle & Davis, 2008), EEG masked priming (Morris, Frank, Grainger, & Holcomb, 2007) and single word MEG (Zweig & Pylkkanen, 2008) experiments has provided robust support for a model of lexical processing which includes an early, automatic, visual word form based stage of morphological parsing…

Interest in Babies during Young Adulthood.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Feldman, S. Shirley; Nash, Sharon Churnin

1978-01-01

Interest in babies was studied in 120 young adult males and females belonging to four stages of life: cohabiting singles, childless-married couples, expecting first child, and parents of an infant. Measures included responsivity to an unfamiliar baby, interest in pictures of babies, and a sex-role self-concept inventory. (Author/JMB)

Development of a high-specific-speed centrifugal compressor

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Rodgers, C.

1997-07-01

This paper describes the development of a subscale single-stage centrifugal compressor with a dimensionless specific speed (Ns) of 1.8, originally designed for full-size application as a high volume flow, low pressure ratio, gas booster compressor. The specific stage is noteworthy in that it provides a benchmark representing the performance potential of very high-specific-speed compressors, of which limited information is found in the open literature. Stage and component test performance characteristics are presented together with traverse results at the impeller exit. Traverse test results were compared with recent CFD computational predictions for an exploratory analytical calibration of a very high-specific-speed impellermore » geometry. The tested subscale (0.583) compressor essentially satisfied design performance expectations with an overall stage efficiency of 74% including, excessive exit casing losses. It was estimated that stage efficiency could be increased to 81% with exit casing losses halved.« less

Relationship of glomerular filtration rate based on serum iodixanol clearance to IRIS staging in cats with chronic kidney disease.

PubMed

Iwama, Ryosuke; Sato, Tsubasa; Katayama, Masaaki; Shimamura, Shunsuke; Satoh, Hiroshi; Ichijo, Toshihiro; Furuhama, Kazuhisa

2015-08-01

We examined the correlation between the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) estimated from an equation based on the serum iodixanol clearance technique and International Renal Interest Society (IRIS) stages of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in cats. The equation included the injection dose, sampling time, serum concentration and estimated volume of distribution (Vd) of the isotonic, nonionic, contrast medium iodixanol as a test tracer. The percent changes in the median basal GFR values calculated from the equation in CKD cats resembled those of IRIS stages 1-3. These data validate the association between the GFR derived from the simplified equation and IRIS stages based on the serum creatinine concentration in cats with CKD. They describe the GFR ranges determined using single-sample iodixanol clearance for healthy cats and cats with various IRIS stages of CKD.

Shape Optimization of the Assisted Bi-directional Glenn surgery for stage-1 single ventricle palliation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Verma, Aekaansh; Shang, Jessica; Esmaily-Moghadam, Mahdi; Wong, Kwai; Marsden, Alison

2016-11-01

Babies born with a single functional ventricle typically undergo three open-heart surgeries starting as neonates. The first of these stages (BT shunt or Norwood) has the highest mortality rates of the three, approaching 30%. Proceeding directly to a stage-2 Glenn surgery has historically demonstrated inadequate pulmonary flow (PF) & high mortality. Recently, the Assisted Bi-directional Glenn (ABG) was proposed as a promising means to achieve a stable physiology by assisting the PF via an 'ejector pump' from the systemic circulation. We present preliminary parametrization and optimization results for the ABG geometry, with the goal of increasing PF. To limit excessive pressure increases in the Superior Vena Cava (SVC), the SVC pressure is included as a constraint. We use 3-D finite element flow simulations coupled with a single ventricle lumped parameter network to evaluate PF & the pressure constraint. We employ a derivative free optimization method- the Surrogate Management Framework, in conjunction with the OpenDIEL framework to simulate multiple simultaneous evaluations. Results show that nozzle diameter is the most important design parameter affecting ABG performance. The application of these results to patient specific situations will be discussed. This work was supported by an NSF CAREER award (OCI1150184) and by the XSEDE National Computing Resource.

Inlet flow distortion in turbomachinery. I - Comparison of theory and experiment in a transonic fan stage. II - A parameter study

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Seidel, B. S.; Matwey, M. D.; Adamczyk, J. J.

1980-01-01

In the present paper, a semi-actuator-disk theory is reviewed that was developed previously for the distorted inflow to a single-stage axial-flow compressor. Flow distortion occurs far upstream; it may be a distortion in stagnation temperature, stagnation pressure, or both. Losses, quasi-steady deviation angles, and reference incidence correlations are included in the analysis, and both subsonic and transonic relative Mach numbers are considered. The theory is compared with measurements made in a transonic fan stage, and a parameter study is carried out to determine the influence of solidity on the attenuation of distortions in stagnation pressure and stagnation temperature.

Temperature-phased anaerobic digestion of food waste: A comparison with single-stage digestions based on performance and energy balance.

PubMed

Xiao, Benyi; Qin, Yu; Zhang, Wenzhe; Wu, Jing; Qiang, Hong; Liu, Junxin; Li, Yu-You

2018-02-01

The temperature-phased anaerobic digestion (TPAD) of food waste was studied for the purpose of comparing with single-stage mesophilic and thermophilic anaerobic digestion. The biogas and methane yields in the TPAD during the steady period were 0.759 ± 0.115 L/g added VS and 0.454 ± 0.201 L/g added VS, which were lower than those in the two single-stage anaerobic digestion. The improper sludge retention time may be the reason for the lower biogas and methane production in TPAD. The removal of volatile solids in the TPAD was 78.55 ± 4.59% and the lowest among the three anaerobic digestion processes. The reaction ratios of the four anaerobic digestion steps in the TPAD were all lower than those in the two single-stage anaerobic digestion. The energy conversion efficiency of the degraded substrate in the TPAD was similar with those in single-stage mesophilic and thermophilic anaerobic digestion systems. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Influence of the duration of the second stage of labor on the likelihood of obstetric anal sphincter injury.

PubMed

Aiken, Catherine E; Aiken, Abigail R; Prentice, Andrew

2015-03-01

Duration of the second stage of labor has been suggested as an independent risk factor for clinically detectable obstetric anal sphincter injury in low-risk nulliparous women. A retrospective 5-year cohort study was conducted in a UK obstetrics center which included a high-risk delivery unit and a low-risk birthing center. The study included 4,831 nulliparous women with vertex-presenting, single, live-born infants at term, stratified according to spontaneous or instrumental delivery. Binary logistic regression models were used to examine the association between duration of second stage and sphincter injury. Three-hundred twenty-five of 4,831 women (6.7%) sustained sphincter injuries. In spontaneously delivering women, no association between duration of the second stage and the likelihood of sphincter injury was recorded. Factors associated with increased likelihood of sphincter injury included older maternal age, higher birthweight, and Southeast Asian ethnicity. In contrast, for women undergoing instrumental delivery, a longer second stage was associated with an increased sphincter injury risk of 6 percent per 15 minutes in the second stage of labor before delivery. For spontaneous vaginal deliveries, duration of the second stage of labor was not an independent risk factor for obstetric anal sphincter injury. The association between prolonged second stage and sphincter injury for instrumental deliveries is likely explained by the risk posed by the use of the instruments themselves or by delay in initiating instrumental assistance. Attempts to modify the duration of the second stage for prevention of sphincter injuries are unlikely to be beneficial and may be detrimental. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Investigation of a staged plasma-focus apparatus. [pinch construction and current sheet dynamics investigation

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Lee, J. H.; Mcfarland, D. R.; Harries, W. L.

1978-01-01

A new staged plasma-focus geometry combining two Mather-type plasma-focus guns was constructed, and the current-sheet dynamics were investigated. The production of simultaneous pairs of plasma foci was achieved. The intensities of X-ray and fusion-neutron emission were measured and found to agree with the scaling law for a plasma focus. Advantages of this new geometry include the possibility of using plasma-focus type pinches in multiple arrays at power levels beyond the validity regime of the current scaling law for a single gun.

Comparative assessment of single-stage and two-stage anaerobic digestion for the treatment of thin stillage.

PubMed

Nasr, Noha; Elbeshbishy, Elsayed; Hafez, Hisham; Nakhla, George; El Naggar, M Hesham

2012-05-01

A comparative evaluation of single-stage and two-stage anaerobic digestion processes for biomethane and biohydrogen production using thin stillage was performed to assess the impact of separating the acidogenic and methanogenic stages on anaerobic digestion. Thin stillage, the main by-product from ethanol production, was characterized by high total chemical oxygen demand (TCOD) of 122 g/L and total volatile fatty acids (TVFAs) of 12 g/L. A maximum methane yield of 0.33 L CH(4)/gCOD(added) (STP) was achieved in the two-stage process while a single-stage process achieved a maximum yield of only 0.26 L CH(4)/gCOD(added) (STP). The separation of acidification stage increased the TVFAs to TCOD ratio from 10% in the raw thin stillage to 54% due to the conversion of carbohydrates into hydrogen and VFAs. Comparison of the two processes based on energy outcome revealed that an increase of 18.5% in the total energy yield was achieved using two-stage anaerobic digestion. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

The contemporary role of 1 vs. 2-stage repair for proximal hypospadias

PubMed Central

Dason, Shawn; Wong, Nathan

2014-01-01

This review discusses the most commonly employed techniques in the repair of proximal hypospadias, highlighting the advantages and disadvantages of single versus staged surgical techniques. Hypospadias can have a spectrum of severity with a urethral meatus ranging from the perineum to the glans. Associated abnormalities are commonly found with proximal hypospadias and encompass a large spectrum, including ventral curvature (VC) up to 50 degrees or more, ventral skin deficiency, a flattened glans, penile torsion and penoscrotal transposition. Our contemporary understanding of hypospadiology is comprised of a foundation built by experts who have described a number of techniques and their outcomes, combined with survey data detailing practice patterns. The two largest components of hypospadias repair include repair of VC and urethroplasty. VC greater than 20 degrees is considered clinically relevant to warrant surgical correction. To repair VC, the penis is first degloved—a procedure that may reduce or remove curvature by itself in some cases. Residual curvature is then repaired with dorsal plication techniques, transection of the urethral plate, and/or ventral lengthening techniques. Urethroplasty takes the form of 1- or 2-stage repairs. One-stage options include the tubularized incised urethroplasty (TIP) or various graft or flap-based techniques. Two-stage options also include grafts or flaps, including oral mucosal and preputial skin grafting. One stage repairs are an attractive option in that they may reduce cost, hospital stay, anesthetic risks, and time to the final result. The downside is that these repairs require mastery of multiple techniques may be more complex, and—depending on technique—have higher complication rates. Two-stage repairs are preferred by the majority of surveyed hypospadiologists. The 2-stage repair is versatile and has satisfactory outcomes, but necessitates a second procedure. Given the lack of clear high-quality evidence supporting the superiority of one approach over the others, hypospadiologists should develop their own algorithm, which gives them the best outcomes. PMID:26813851

The contemporary role of 1 vs. 2-stage repair for proximal hypospadias.

PubMed

Dason, Shawn; Wong, Nathan; Braga, Luis H

2014-12-01

This review discusses the most commonly employed techniques in the repair of proximal hypospadias, highlighting the advantages and disadvantages of single versus staged surgical techniques. Hypospadias can have a spectrum of severity with a urethral meatus ranging from the perineum to the glans. Associated abnormalities are commonly found with proximal hypospadias and encompass a large spectrum, including ventral curvature (VC) up to 50 degrees or more, ventral skin deficiency, a flattened glans, penile torsion and penoscrotal transposition. Our contemporary understanding of hypospadiology is comprised of a foundation built by experts who have described a number of techniques and their outcomes, combined with survey data detailing practice patterns. The two largest components of hypospadias repair include repair of VC and urethroplasty. VC greater than 20 degrees is considered clinically relevant to warrant surgical correction. To repair VC, the penis is first degloved-a procedure that may reduce or remove curvature by itself in some cases. Residual curvature is then repaired with dorsal plication techniques, transection of the urethral plate, and/or ventral lengthening techniques. Urethroplasty takes the form of 1- or 2-stage repairs. One-stage options include the tubularized incised urethroplasty (TIP) or various graft or flap-based techniques. Two-stage options also include grafts or flaps, including oral mucosal and preputial skin grafting. One stage repairs are an attractive option in that they may reduce cost, hospital stay, anesthetic risks, and time to the final result. The downside is that these repairs require mastery of multiple techniques may be more complex, and-depending on technique-have higher complication rates. Two-stage repairs are preferred by the majority of surveyed hypospadiologists. The 2-stage repair is versatile and has satisfactory outcomes, but necessitates a second procedure. Given the lack of clear high-quality evidence supporting the superiority of one approach over the others, hypospadiologists should develop their own algorithm, which gives them the best outcomes.

Preoperative Embolization to Improve the Surgical Management and Outcome of Juvenile Nasopharyngeal Angiofibroma (JNA) in a Single Center: 10-Year Experience.

PubMed

Lutz, J; Holtmannspötter, M; Flatz, W; Meier-Bender, A; Berghaus, A; Brückmann, H; Zengel, P

2016-12-01

Juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma (JNA) is a rare benign neoplasm that occurs almost exclusively in the nasopharynx of adolescent male individuals. We performed a retrospective study to determine the efficacy and safety of preoperative embolization and the surgical outcome in patients with JNA in a single-center institution. Fifteen cases undergoing embolization and surgical treatment between April 2003 and February 2013 were evaluated retrospectively. The demographic data, clinical presentation, and treatment were reviewed including the kind of preoperative embolization and different surgical approaches performed. The parameters investigated were the amount of blood loss, the tumor stage, and the rates of recurrence. Subsequently, a comparison was made between patients who had undergone Onyx ® embolization versus those who had been embolized with the standard approach. In these 15 patients (mean age, 15 years), a total of 27 surgical procedures were performed. One patient was at stage Ia, two were at stage Ib, two were at stage IIa, six were at stage IIb, one was at stage IIc, and three were at stage IIIa based on the Radkowsky classification. All patients underwent preoperative embolization and subsequent surgery. The surgical approach and the embolization technique varied and evolved during time. The embolization procedure decreased the intraoperative blood loss to a minimum of 250 ml, and with the advent of intratumoral embolization, the rate of recurrence diminished. Preoperative Onyx ® embolization facilitates the shift in the treatment to endoscopic excision in selected patients, which reduces recurrence rates and overall morbidity.

Space shuttle OMS helium regulator design and development

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Wichmann, H.; Kelly, T. L.; Lynch, R.

1974-01-01

Analysis, design, fabrication and design verification testing was conducted on the technological feasiblity of the helium pressurization regulator for the space shuttle orbital maneuvering system application. A prototype regulator was fabricated which was a single-stage design featuring the most reliable and lowest cost concept. A tradeoff study on regulator concepts indicated that a single-stage regulator with a lever arm between the valve and the actuator section would offer significant weight savings. Damping concepts were tested to determine the amount of damping required to restrict actuator travel during vibration. Component design parameters such as spring rates, effective area, contamination cutting, and damping were determined by test prior to regulator final assembly. The unit was subjected to performance testing at widely ranging flow rates, temperatures, inlet pressures, and random vibration levels. A test plan for propellant compatibility and extended life tests is included.

Engine/vehicle integration for vertical takeoff and landing single stage to orbit vehicles

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Weegar, R. K.

1992-08-01

SSTO vehicles design which is currently being developed under the Single Stage Rocket Technology program of the Strategic Defense Initiative Organization is discussed. Particular attention is given to engine optimization and integration of ascent, orbital, and landing propulsion requirements into a single system.

Experimental Investigation of a High Pressure Ratio Aspirated Fan Stage

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Merchant, Ali; Kerrebrock, Jack L.; Adamczyk, John J.; Braunscheidel, Edward

2004-01-01

The experimental investigation of an aspirated fan stage designed to achieve a pressure ratio of 3.4:1 at 1500 ft/sec is presented in this paper. The low-energy viscous flow is aspirated from diffusion-limiting locations on the blades and flowpath surfaces of the stage, enabling a very high pressure ratio to be achieved in a single stage. The fan stage performance was mapped at various operating speeds from choke to stall in a compressor facility at fully simulated engine conditions. The experimentally determined stage performance, in terms of pressure ratio and corresponding inlet mass flow rate, was found to be in good agreement with the three-dimensional viscous computational prediction, and in turn close to the design intent. Stage pressure ratios exceeding 3:1 were achieved at design speed, with an aspiration flow fraction of 3.5 percent of the stage inlet mass flow. The experimental performance of the stage at various operating conditions, including detailed flowfield measurements, are presented and discussed in the context of the computational analyses. The sensitivity of the stage performance and operability to reduced aspiration flow rates at design and off design conditions are also discussed.

An analytic-geometric model of the effect of spherically distributed injection errors for Galileo and Ulysses spacecraft - The multi-stage problem

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Longuski, James M.; Mcronald, Angus D.

1988-01-01

In previous work the problem of injecting the Galileo and Ulysses spacecraft from low earth orbit into their respective interplanetary trajectories has been discussed for the single stage (Centaur) vehicle. The central issue, in the event of spherically distributed injection errors, is what happens to the vehicle? The difficulties addressed in this paper involve the multi-stage problem since both Galileo and Ulysses will be utilizing the two-stage IUS system. Ulysses will also include a third stage: the PAM-S. The solution is expressed in terms of probabilities for total percentage of escape, orbit decay and reentry trajectories. Analytic solutions are found for Hill's Equations of Relative Motion (more recently called Clohessy-Wiltshire Equations) for multi-stage injections. These solutions are interpreted geometrically on the injection sphere. The analytic-geometric models compare well with numerical solutions, provide insight into the behavior of trajectories mapped on the injection sphere and simplify the numerical two-dimensional search for trajectory families.

Ares First Stage "Systemology" - Combining Advanced Systems Engineering and Planning Tools to Assure Mission Success

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Seiler, James; Brasfield, Fred; Cannon, Scott

2008-01-01

Ares is an integral part of NASA s Constellation architecture that will provide crew and cargo access to the International Space Station as well as low earth orbit support for lunar missions. Ares replaces the Space Shuttle in the post 2010 time frame. Ares I is an in-line, two-stage rocket topped by the Orion Crew Exploration Vehicle, its service module, and a launch abort system. The Ares I first stage is a single, five-segment reusable solid rocket booster derived from the Space Shuttle Program's reusable solid rocket motor. The Ares second or upper stage is propelled by a J-2X main engine fueled with liquid oxygen and liquid hydrogen. This paper describes the advanced systems engineering and planning tools being utilized for the design, test, and qualification of the Ares I first stage element. Included are descriptions of the current first stage design, the milestone schedule requirements, and the marriage of systems engineering, detailed planning efforts, and roadmapping employed to achieve these goals.

CFD-Modeling of the Multistage Gasifier Capacity of 30 KW

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Levin, A. A.; Kozlov, A. N.; Svishchev, D. A.; Donskoy, I. G.

2017-11-01

Single-stage fuel gasification processes have been developed and widely studied in Russia and abroad throughout the 20th century. They are fundamental to the creation and design of modern gas generator equipment. Many studies have shown that single-stage gasification process, have already reached the limit of perfection, which was a significant improvement in their performance becomes impossible and unprofitable. The most fully meet modern technical requirements of multistage gasification technology. In the first step of the process, is organized allothermic biomass pyrolysis using heat of exhaust gas and generating power plant. At this stage, the yield of volatile products (gas and tar) of fuel. In the second step, the layer of fuel is, the tar is decomposed by the action of hot air and steam, steam-gas mixture is formed further reacts with the charcoal in the third process stage. The paper presents a model developed by the authors of the multi-stage gasifier for wood chips. The model is made with the use of CFD-modeling software package (COMSOL Multiphisics). To describe the kinetics of wood pyrolysis and gasification of charcoal studies were carried out using a set of simultaneous thermal analysis. For this complex developed original methods of interpretation of measurements, including methods of technical analysis of fuels and determine the parameters of the detailed kinetics and mechanism of pyrolysis.

Accomplishing the genotype-specific serodiagnosis of single and dual Trypanosoma cruzi infections by flow cytometry Chagas-Flow ATE-IgG2a

PubMed Central

Alessio, Glaucia Diniz; de Araújo, Fernanda Fortes; Sales Júnior, Policarpo Ademar; Gomes, Matheus de Souza; do Amaral, Laurence Rodrigues; Pascoal Xavier, Marcelo Antônio; Teixeira-Carvalho, Andréa; de Lana, Marta

2018-01-01

The methods currently available for genotype-specific diagnosis of T. cruzi infection still present relevant limitations, especially to identify mixed infection. In the present investigation, we have evaluated the performance of Chagas-Flow ATE-IgG2a test for early and late differential diagnosis of single and dual genotype-specific T. cruzi infections. Serum samples from Swiss mice at early and late stages of T. cruzi infection were assayed in parallel batches for genotype-specific diagnosis of single (TcI, TcVI or TcII) and dual (TcI+TcVI, TcVI+TcII or TcII+TcI) infections. The intrinsic reactivity to TcI, TcVI and TcII target antigens, including amastigote (AI/AVI/AII), trypomastigote-(TI/TVI/TII) and epimastigote (EI/EVI/EII), at specific reverse of serum dilutions (500 to 64,000), was employed to provide reliable decision-trees for “early” vs “late”, “single vs “dual” and “genotype-specific” serology. The results demonstrated that selective set of attributes “EII 500/EI 2,000/AII 500” were able to provide high-quality accuracy (81%) to segregate early and late stages of T. cruzi infection. The sets “TI 2,000/AI 1,000/EII 1,000” and “TI 8,000/AII 32,000” presented expressive scores to discriminate single from dual T. cruzi infections at early (85%) and late stages (84%), respectively. Moreover, the attributes “TI 4,000/TVI 500/TII 1,000”, “TI 16,000/EI 2,000/EII 2,000/AI 500/TVI 500” showed good performance for genotype-specific diagnosis at early stage of single (72%) and dual (80%) T. cruzi infections, respectively. In addition, the attributes “TI 4,000/AII 1,000/EVI 1,000”, “TI 64,000/AVI 500/AI 2,000/AII 1,000/EII 4,000” showed moderate performance for genotype-specific diagnosis at late stage of single (69%) and dual (76%) T. cruzi infections, respectively. The sets of decision-trees were assembled to construct a sequential algorithm with expressive accuracy (81%) for serological diagnosis of T. cruzi infection. These findings engender new perspectives for the application of Chagas-Flow ATE-IgG2a method for genotype-specific diagnosis in humans, with relevant contributions for epidemiological surveys as well as clinical and post-therapeutic monitoring of Chagas disease. PMID:29462135

Error reduction and representation in stages (ERRIS) in hydrological modelling for ensemble streamflow forecasting

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Li, Ming; Wang, Q. J.; Bennett, James C.; Robertson, David E.

2016-09-01

This study develops a new error modelling method for ensemble short-term and real-time streamflow forecasting, called error reduction and representation in stages (ERRIS). The novelty of ERRIS is that it does not rely on a single complex error model but runs a sequence of simple error models through four stages. At each stage, an error model attempts to incrementally improve over the previous stage. Stage 1 establishes parameters of a hydrological model and parameters of a transformation function for data normalization, Stage 2 applies a bias correction, Stage 3 applies autoregressive (AR) updating, and Stage 4 applies a Gaussian mixture distribution to represent model residuals. In a case study, we apply ERRIS for one-step-ahead forecasting at a range of catchments. The forecasts at the end of Stage 4 are shown to be much more accurate than at Stage 1 and to be highly reliable in representing forecast uncertainty. Specifically, the forecasts become more accurate by applying the AR updating at Stage 3, and more reliable in uncertainty spread by using a mixture of two Gaussian distributions to represent the residuals at Stage 4. ERRIS can be applied to any existing calibrated hydrological models, including those calibrated to deterministic (e.g. least-squares) objectives.

Electrospark Deposition for Depot- and Field-Level Component Repair and Replacement of Hard Chromium Plating

DTIC Science & Technology

2006-09-07

aircraft repairs, including: 1. Single crystal turbine blade for two gas turbine engines ( FAA approved repair) 2. Second stage gas turbine blade ...gas turbine engine components. These include (a) application of corrosion resistant coatings to turbine blade tips where protective diffusion...base materials on many functional components (e.g., Ni-base superalloys, stainless steels, Monel, titanium alloys), thus allowing for self-repair

Bridging the gap: facilities and technologies for development of early stage therapeutic mAb candidates.

PubMed

Munro, Trent P; Mahler, Stephen M; Huang, Edwin P; Chin, David Y; Gray, Peter P

2011-01-01

Therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) currently dominate the biologics marketplace. Development of a new therapeutic mAb candidate is a complex, multistep process and early stages of development typically begin in an academic research environment. Recently, a number of facilities and initiatives have been launched to aid researchers along this difficult path and facilitate progression of the next mAb blockbuster. Complementing this, there has been a renewed interest from the pharmaceutical industry to reconnect with academia in order to boost dwindling pipelines and encourage innovation. In this review, we examine the steps required to take a therapeutic mAb from discovery through early stage preclinical development and toward becoming a feasible clinical candidate. Discussion of the technologies used for mAb discovery, production in mammalian cells and innovations in single-use bioprocessing is included. We also examine regulatory requirements for product quality and characterization that should be considered at the earliest stages of mAb development. We provide details on the facilities available to help researchers and small-biotech build value into early stage product development, and include examples from within our own facility of how technologies are utilized and an analysis of our client base.

Evolution and clinical impact of co-occurring genetic alterations in advanced-stage EGFR-mutant lung cancers

PubMed Central

Blakely, Collin M.; Watkins, Thomas B.K.; Wu, Wei; Gini, Beatrice; Chabon, Jacob J.; McCoach, Caroline E.; McGranahan, Nicholas; Wilson, Gareth A.; Birkbak, Nicolai J.; Olivas, Victor R.; Rotow, Julia; Maynard, Ashley; Wang, Victoria; Gubens, Matthew A.; Banks, Kimberly C.; Lanman, Richard B.; Caulin, Aleah F.; John, John St.; Cordero, Anibal R.; Giannikopoulos, Petros; Simmons, Andrew D.; Mack, Philip C.; Gandara, David R.; Husain, Hatim; Doebele, Robert C.; Riess, Jonathan W.; Diehn, Maximilian; Swanton, Charles; Bivona, Trever G.

2017-01-01

A widespread approach to modern cancer therapy is to identify a single oncogenic driver gene and target its mutant protein product (e.g. EGFR inhibitor treatment in EGFR-mutant lung cancers). However, genetically-driven resistance to targeted therapy limits patient survival. Through genomic analysis of 1122 EGFR-mutant lung cancer cell-free DNA samples and whole exome analysis of seven longitudinally collected tumor samples from an EGFR-mutant lung cancer patient, we identify critical co-occurring oncogenic events present in most advanced-stage EGFR-mutant lung cancers. We define new pathways limiting EGFR inhibitor response, including WNT/β-catenin and cell cycle gene (e.g. CDK4, CDK6) alterations. Tumor genomic complexity increases with EGFR inhibitor treatment and co-occurring alterations in CTNNB1, and PIK3CA exhibit non-redundant functions that cooperatively promote tumor metastasis or limit EGFR inhibitor response. This study challenges the prevailing single-gene driver oncogene view and links clinical outcomes to co-occurring genetic alterations in advanced-stage EGFR-mutant lung cancer patients. PMID:29106415

Fatique crack growth behavior of a single crystal alloy as observed through an in situ fatigue loading stage

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Telesman, Jack; Kantzos, Peter

1988-01-01

An in situ fatigue loading stage inside a scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to determine the fatigue crack growth behavior of a PWA 1480 single-crystal nickel-based superalloy. The loading stage permits real-time viewing of the fatigue damage processes at high magnification. The PWA 1480 single-crystal, single-edge notch specimens were tested with the load axis parallel to the (100) orientation. Two distinct fatigue failure mechanisms were identified. The crack growth rate differed substantially when the failure occurred on a single slip system in comparison to multislip system failure. Two processes by which crack branching is produced were identified and are discussed. Also discussed are the observed crack closure mechanisms.

Modified single-port non-intubated video-assisted thoracoscopic decortication in high-risk parapneumonic empyema patients.

PubMed

Hsiao, Chen-Hao; Chen, Ke-Cheng; Chen, Jin-Shing

2017-04-01

Parapneumonic empyema patients with coronary artery disease and reduced left ventricular ejection fraction are risky to receive surgical decortication under general anesthesia. Non-intubated video-assisted thoracoscopy surgery is successfully performed to avoid complications of general anesthesia. We performed single-port non-intubated video-assisted flexible thoracoscopy surgery in an endoscopic center. In this study, the possible role of our modified surgery to treat fibrinopurulent stage of parapneumonic empyema with high operative risks is investigated. We retrospectively reviewed fibrinopurulent stage of parapneumonic empyema patients between July 2011 and June 2014. Thirty-three patients with coronary artery disease and reduced left ventricular ejection fraction were included in this study. One group received tube thoracostomy, and the other group received single-port non-intubated video-assisted flexible thoracoscopy surgery decortication. Patient demographics, characteristics, laboratory findings, etiology, and treatment outcomes were compared. Mean age of 33 patients (24 males, 9 females) was 76.2 ± 9.7 years. Twelve patients received single-port non-intubated video-assisted flexible thoracoscopy surgery decortication, and 21 patients received tube thoracostomy. Visual analog scale scores on postoperative first hour and first day were not significantly different in two groups (p value = 0.5505 and 0.2750, respectively). Chest tube drainage days, postoperative fever subsided days, postoperative hospital days, and total length of stay were significantly short in single-port non-intubated video-assisted flexible thoracoscopy surgery decortication (p value = 0.0027, 0.0001, 0.0009, and 0.0065, respectively). Morbidities were low, and mortality was significantly low (p value = 0.0319) in single-port non-intubated video-assisted flexible thoracoscopy surgery decortication. Single-port non-intubated video-assisted flexible thoracoscopy surgery decortication may be suggested to be a method other than tube thoracostomy to deal with fibrinopurulent stage of parapneumonic empyema patients with coronary artery disease and reduced left ventricular ejection fraction.

Investigating gas-phase defect formation in late-stage solidification using a novel phase-field crystal alloy model

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wang, Nan; Smith, Nathan; Provatas, Nikolas

2017-09-01

We study late-stage solidification and the associated formation of defects in alloy materials using a novel model based on the phase-field-crystal technique. It is shown that our model successfully captures several important physical phenomena that occur in the late stages of solidification, including solidification shrinkage, liquid cavitation and microsegregation, all in a single framework. By examining the interplay of solidification shrinkage and solute segregation, this model reveals that the formation of gas pore defects at the late stage of solidification can lead to nucleation of second phase solid particles due to solute enrichment in the eutectic liquid driven by gas-phase nucleation and growth. We also predict a modification of the Gulliver-Scheil equation in the presence of gas pockets in confined liquid pools.

18.6 K single-stage high frequency multi-bypass coaxial pulse tube cryocooler

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chen, Liubiao; Jin, Hai; Wang, Junjie; Zhou, Yuan; Zhu, Wenxiu; Zhou, Qiang

2013-02-01

A single-stage high frequency multi-bypass coaxial pulse tube cryocooler (PTC) has been developed for physical experiments. The performance characteristics are presented. At present, the cooler has reached the lowest temperature of 18.6 K with an electric input power of 268 W, which is the reported lowest temperature for single-stage high frequency PTC. The cooler typically provides 0.2 W at 20.6 K and 0.5 W at 24.1 K with the input power of 260 W at 300 K ambient temperature. The cooperation phase adjustment method of multi-bypass and double-inlet shows its advantages in experiments, they might be the best way to get temperature below 20 K for single-stage high frequency PTC. The temperature stability of the developed PTC is also observed.

A Common Origin for B-1a and B-2 Lymphocytes in Clonal Pre- Hematopoietic Stem Cells.

PubMed

Hadland, Brandon K; Varnum-Finney, Barbara; Mandal, Pankaj K; Rossi, Derrick J; Poulos, Michael G; Butler, Jason M; Rafii, Shahin; Yoder, Mervin C; Yoshimoto, Momoko; Bernstein, Irwin D

2017-06-06

Recent evidence points to the embryonic emergence of some tissue-resident innate immune cells, such as B-1a lymphocytes, prior to and independently of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). However, whether the full hematopoietic repertoire of embryonic HSCs initially includes these unique lineages of innate immune cells has been difficult to assess due to lack of clonal assays that identify and assess HSC precursor (pre-HSC) potential. Here, by combining index sorting of single embryonic hemogenic precursors with in vitro HSC maturation and transplantation assays, we analyze emerging pre-HSCs at the single-cell level, revealing their unique stage-specific properties and clonal lineage potential. Remarkably, clonal pre-HSCs detected between E9.5 and E11.5 contribute to the complete B cell repertoire, including B-1a lymphocytes, revealing a previously unappreciated common precursor for all B cell lineages at the pre-HSC stage and a second embryonic origin for B-1a lymphocytes. Copyright © 2017 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Simulator Study of Helmet-Mounted Symbology System Concepts in Degraded Visual Environments.

PubMed

Cheung, Bob; McKinley, Richard A; Steels, Brad; Sceviour, Robert; Cosman, Vaughn; Holst, Peter

2015-07-01

A sudden loss of external visual cues during critical phases of flight results in spatial disorientation. This is due to undetected horizontal and vertical drift when there is little tolerance for error and correction delay as the helicopter is close to the ground. Three helmet-mounted symbology system concepts were investigated in the simulator as potential solutions for the legacy Griffon helicopters. Thirteen Royal Canadian Air Force (RCAF) Griffon pilots were exposed to the Helmet Display Tracking System for Degraded Visual Environments (HDTS), the BrownOut Symbology System (BOSS), and the current RCAF AVS7 symbology system. For each symbology system, the pilot performed a two-stage departure and a single-stage approach. The presentation order of the symbology systems was randomized. Objective performance metrics included aircraft speed, altitude, attitude, and distance from the landing point. Subjective measurements included situation awareness, mental effort, perceived performance, perceptual cue rating, and NASA Task Load Index. Repeated measures analysis of variance and subsequent planned comparison for all the objective and subjective measurements were performed between the AVS7, HDTS, and BOSS. Our results demonstrated that HDTS and BOSS showed general improvement over AVS7 in two-stage departure. However, only HDTS performed significantly better in heading error than AVS7. During the single-stage approach, BOSS performed worse than AVS7 in heading root mean square error, and only HDTS performed significantly better in distance to landing point and approach heading than the others. Both the HDTS and BOSS possess their own limitations; however, HDTS is the pilots' preferred flight display.

In-Flight Study of Helmet-Mounted Symbology System Concepts in Degraded Visual Environments.

PubMed

Cheung, Bob; Craig, Gregory; Steels, Brad; Sceviour, Robert; Cosman, Vaughn; Jennings, Sion; Holst, Peter

2015-08-01

During approach and departure in rotary wing aircraft, a sudden loss of external visual reference precipitates spatial disorientation. There were 10 Royal Canadian Air Force (RCAF) Griffon pilots who participated in an in-flight investigation of a 3-dimensional conformal Helmet Display Tracking System (HDTS) and the BrownOut Symbology System (BOSS) aboard an Advanced System Research Aircraft. For each symbology system, pilots performed a two-stage departure followed by a single-stage approach. The presentation order of the two symbology systems was randomized across the pilots. Subjective measurements included situation awareness, mental effort, perceived performance, perceptual cue rating, NASA Task Load Index, and physiological response. Objective performance included aircraft speed, altitude, attitude, and distance from the landing point, control position, and control activity. Repeated measures analysis of variance and planned comparison tests for the subjective and objective responses were performed. For both maneuvers, the HDTS system afforded better situation awareness, lower workload, better perceptual cueing in attitude, horizontal and vertical translation, and lower overall workload index. During the two-stage departure, HDTS achieved less lateral drift from initial takeoff and hover, lower root mean square error (RMSE) in altitude during hover, and lower track error during the acceleration to forward flight. During the single-stage approach, HDTS achieved less error in lateral and longitudinal position offset from the landing point and lower RMSE in heading. In both maneuvers, pilots exhibited higher control activity when using HDTS, which suggested that more pertinent information was available to the pilots. Pilots preferred the HDTS system.

Use of real time gas production data for more accurate comparison of continuous single-stage and two-stage fermentation.

PubMed

Massanet-Nicolau, Jaime; Dinsdale, Richard; Guwy, Alan; Shipley, Gary

2013-02-01

Changes in fermenter gas composition within a given 24h period can cause severe bias in calculations of biogas or energy yields based on just one or two measurements of gas composition per day, as is common in other studies of two-stage fermentation. To overcome this bias, real time recording of gas composition and production were used to undertake a detailed and controlled comparison of single-stage and two-stage fermentation using a real world substrate (wheat feed pellets). When a two-stage fermentation system was used, methane yields increased from 261 L kg(-1)VS using a 20 day HRT, single-stage fermentation, to 359 L kg(-1) VS using a two-stage fermentation with the same overall retention time--an increase of 37%. Additionally a hydrogen yield of 7 L kg(-1) VS was obtained when two-stage fermentation was used. The two-stage system could also be operated at a shorter, 12 day HRT and still produce higher methane yields (306 L kg(-1) VS). Both two-stage fermentation systems evaluated exhibited methane yields in excess of that predicted by a biological methane potential test (BMP) performed using the same feedstock (260 L kg(-1)VS). Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Agreement between pre-operative and intra-operative bacteriological samples in 85 chronic peri-prosthetic infections.

PubMed

Matter-Parrat, V; Ronde-Oustau, C; Boéri, C; Gaudias, J; Jenny, J-Y

2017-04-01

Whether pre-operative microbiological sampling contributes to the management of chronic peri-prosthetic infection remains controversial. We assessed agreement between the results of pre-operative and intra-operative samples in patients undergoing single-stage prosthesis exchange to treat chronic peri-prosthetic infection. Agreement between pre-operative and intra-operative samples exceeds 75% in patients undergoing single-stage exchange of a hip or knee prosthesis to treat chronic peri-prosthetic infection. This single-centre retrospective study included 85 single-stage prosthesis exchange procedures in 82 patients with chronic peri-prosthetic infection at the hip or knee. Agreement between pre-operative and intra-operative sample results was evaluated. Changes to the initial antibiotic regimen made based on the intra-operative sample results were recorded. Of 149 pre-operative samples, 109 yielded positive cultures, in 75/85 cases. Of 452 intra-operative samples, 354 yielded positive cultures, in 85/85 cases. Agreement was complete in 54 (63%) cases and partial in 9 (11%) cases; there was no agreement in the remaining 22 (26%) cases. The complete agreement rate was significantly lower than 75% (P=0.01). The initial antibiotic regimen was inadequate in a single case. Pre-operative sampling may contribute to the diagnosis of peri-prosthetic infection but is neither necessary nor sufficient to confirm the diagnosis and identify the causative agent. The spectrum of the initial antibiotic regimen cannot be safely narrowed based on the pre-operative sample results. We suggest the routine prescription of a probabilistic broad-spectrum antibiotic regimen immediately after the prosthesis exchange, even when a pathogen was identified before surgery. IV, retrospective study. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.

Single-stage versus two-stage anaerobic fluidized bed bioreactors in treating municipal wastewater: Performance, foulant characteristics, and microbial community.

PubMed

Wu, Bing; Li, Yifei; Lim, Weikang; Lee, Shi Lin; Guo, Qiming; Fane, Anthony G; Liu, Yu

2017-03-01

This study examined the receptive performance, membrane foulant characteristics, and microbial community in the single-stage and two-stage anaerobic fluidized membrane bioreactor (AFMBR) treating settled raw municipal wastewater with the aims to explore fouling mechanisms and microbial community structure in both systems. Both AFMBRs exhibited comparable organic removal efficiency and membrane performances. In the single-stage AFMBR, less soluble organic substances were removed through biosorption by GAC and biodegradation than those in the two-stage AFMBR. Compared to the two-stage AFMBR, the formation of cake layer was the main cause of the observed membrane fouling in the single-stage AFMBR at the same employed flux. The accumulation rate of the biopolymers was linearly correlated with the membrane fouling rate. In the chemical-cleaned foulants, humic acid-like substances and silicon were identified as the predominant organic and inorganic fouants respectively. As such, the fluidized GAC particles might not be effective in removing these substances from the membrane surfaces. High-throughout pyrosequencing analysis further revealed that beta-Proteobacteria were predominant members in both AFMBRs, which contributed to the development of biofilms on the fluidized GAC and membrane surfaces. However, it was also noted that the abundance of the identified dominant in the membrane surface-associated biofilm seemed to be related to the permeate flux and reactor configuration. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Applications of the Magnetocaloric Effect in Single-Stage, Multi-Stage and Continuous Adiabatic Demagnetization Refrigerators

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Shirron, Peter J.

2014-01-01

Adiabatic demagnetization refrigerators (ADR), based on the magnetocaloric effect, are solid-state coolers that were the first to achieve cooling well into the sub-kelvin regime. Although supplanted by more powerful dilution refrigerators in the 1960s, ADRs have experienced a revival due to the needs of the space community for cooling astronomical instruments and detectors to temperatures below 100 mK. The earliest of these were single-stage refrigerators using superfluid helium as a heat sink. Their modest cooling power (<1 µW at 60 mK[1]) was sufficient for the small (6x6) detector arrays[2], but recent advances in arraying and multiplexing technologies[3] are generating a need for higher cooling power (5-10 µW), and lower temperature (<30 mK). Single-stage ADRs have both practical and fundamental limits to their operating range, as mass grows very rapidly as the operating range is expanded. This has led to the development of new architectures that introduce multi-staging as a way to improve operating range, efficiency and cooling power. Multi-staging also enables ADRs to be configured for continuous operation, which greatly improves cooling power per unit mass. This paper reviews the current field of adiabatic demagnetization refrigeration, beginning with a description of the magnetocaloric effect and its application in single-stage systems, and then describing the challenges and capabilities of multi-stage and continuous ADRs.

Pharmacokinetics of a Single Oral Dose of the MEK1/2 Inhibitor Selumetinib in Subjects With End‐Stage Renal Disease or Varying Degrees of Hepatic Impairment Compared With Healthy Subjects

PubMed Central

Dymond, Angela W.; Martin, Paul; Huang, Yifan; Severin, Paul; Holmes, Victoria; Mariani, Gabriella; Marbury, Thomas

2016-01-01

Abstract Two phase I open‐label studies were conducted to investigate the pharmacokinetics (PK), safety, and tolerability of single oral doses of selumetinib in subjects with end‐stage renal disease (ESRD) undergoing hemodialysis and subjects with varying degrees of hepatic impairment; both studies included a matched control group comprised of healthy individuals. In the renal impairment study, subjects received single doses of selumetinib 50 mg; those with ESRD received selumetinib before and after dialysis (with a between‐treatment washout period of ≥7 days). In the hepatic impairment study, subjects received varying single doses of selumetinib (20‐50 mg) depending on liver dysfunction (mild, moderate, or severe as per Child‐Pugh classification). PK, safety, and tolerability data were collected from both studies. Overall, 24 subjects were included in the renal impairment study (ESRD, N = 12; healthy subjects, N = 12). Selumetinib exposure (AUC and Cmax) was not increased in the ESRD group vs healthy subjects. Selumetinib exposure was lower when selumetinib was dosed before vs after dialysis, although individual exposure was variable. Overall, 32 subjects were included in the hepatic impairment study (mild, moderate, and severe impairment, N = 8 per group; healthy subjects, N = 8). Generally, dose‐normalized total selumetinib exposure was increased by 25% to 59% in subjects with moderate and severe hepatic impairment compared with healthy subjects. Increasing Child‐Pugh score, decreasing serum albumin, and increasing prothrombin time correlated with increasing unbound selumetinib exposure. In both studies, selumetinib was well tolerated with no new safety concerns. These studies will inform dose adjustment considerations in patients. PMID:28019010

Quantifying gait patterns in Parkinson's disease

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Romero, Mónica; Atehortúa, Angélica; Romero, Eduardo

2017-11-01

Parkinson's disease (PD) is constituted by a set of motor symptoms, namely tremor, rigidity, and bradykinesia, which are usually described but not quantified. This work proposes an objective characterization of PD gait patterns by approximating the single stance phase a single grounded pendulum. This model estimates the force generated by the gait during the single support from gait data. This force describes the motion pattern for different stages of the disease. The model was validated using recorded videos of 8 young control subjects, 10 old control subjects and 10 subjects with Parkinson's disease in different stages. The estimated force showed differences among stages of Parkinson disease, observing a decrease of the estimated force for the advanced stages of this illness.

Multi-stage responsive 4D printed smart structure through varying geometric thickness of shape memory polymer

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Teoh, Joanne Ee Mei; Zhao, Yue; An, Jia; Chua, Chee Kai; Liu, Yong

2017-12-01

Shape memory polymers (SMPs) have gained a presence in additive manufacturing due to their role in 4D printing. They can be printed either in multi-materials for multi-stage shape recovery or in a single material for single-stage shape recovery. When printed in multi-materials, material or material-based design is used as a controlling factor for multi-stage shape recovery. However, when printed in a single material, it is difficult to design multi-stage shape recovery due to the lack of a controlling factor. In this research, we explore the use of geometric thickness as a controlling factor to design smart structures possessing multi-stage shape recovery using a single SMP. L-shaped hinges with a thickness ranging from 0.3-2 mm were designed and printed in four different SMPs. The effect of thickness on SMP’s response time was examined via both experiment and finite element analysis using Ansys transient thermal simulation. A method was developed to accurately measure the response time in millisecond resolution. Temperature distribution and heat transfer in specimens during thermal activation were also simulated and discussed. Finally, a spiral square and an artificial flower consisting of a single SMP were designed and printed with appropriate thickness variation for the demonstration of a controlled multi-stage shape recovery. Experimental results indicated that smart structures printed using single material with controlled thickness parameters are able to achieve controlled shape recovery characteristics similar to those printed with multiple materials and uniform geometric thickness. Hence, the geometric parameter can be used to increase the degree of freedom in designing future smart structures possessing complex shape recovery characteristics.

Single embryo transfer by Day 3 time-lapse selection versus Day 5 conventional morphological selection: a randomized, open-label, non-inferiority trial.

PubMed

Yang, Lanlin; Cai, Sufen; Zhang, Shuoping; Kong, Xiangyi; Gu, Yifan; Lu, Changfu; Dai, Jing; Gong, Fei; Lu, Guangxiu; Lin, Ge

2018-05-01

Does single cleavage-stage (Day 3) embryo transfer using a time-lapse (TL) hierarchical classification model achieve comparable ongoing pregnancy rates (OPR) to single blastocyst (Day 5) transfer by conventional morphological (CM) selection? Day 3 single embryo transfer (SET) with a hierarchical classification model had a significantly lower OPR compared with Day 5 SET with CM selection. Cleavage-stage SET is an alternative to blastocyst SET. Time-lapse imaging assists better embryo selection, based on studies of pregnancy outcomes when adding time-lapse imaging to CM selection at the cleavage or blastocyst stage. This single-centre, randomized, open-label, active-controlled, non-inferiority study included 600 women between October 2015 and April 2017. Eligible patients were Chinese females, aged ≤36 years, who were undergoing their first or second fresh IVF cycle using their own oocytes, and who had FSH levels ≤12 IU/mL on Day 3 of the cycle and 10 or more oocytes retrieved. Patients who had underlying uterine conditions, oocyte donation, recurrent pregnancy loss, abnormal oocytes or <6 normally fertilized embryos (2PN) were excluded from the study participation. Patients were randomized 1:1 to either the cleavage-stage SET with a time-lapse hierarchical classification model for selection (D3 + TL) or blastocyst SET with CM selection (D5 + CM). All normally fertilized zygotes were cultured in Primo Vision. The study was conducted at a tertiary IVF centre (CITIC-Xiangya) and OPR was the primary outcome. A total of 600 patients were randomized to the two groups, among which 585 (D3 + TL = 290, D5 + CM = 295) were included in the Modified-intention-to-treat (mITT) population and 517 (D3 + TL = 261, D5 + CM = 256) were included in the PP population. In the per protocol (PP) population, OPR was significantly lower in the D3 group (59.4%, 155/261) than in the D5 group (68.4%, 175/256) (difference: -9.0%, 95% CI: -17.1%, -0.7%, P = 0.03). Analysis in mITT population showed a marginally significant difference in the OPR between the D3 + TL and D5 + CM groups (56.6 versus 64.1%, difference: -7.5%, 95% CI: -15.4%, 0.4%, P = 0.06). The D3 + TL group resulted in a markedly lower implantation rate than the D5 + CM group (64.4 versus 77.0%; P = 0.002) in the PP analysis, however, the early miscarriage rate did not significantly differ between the two groups. The study lacked a direct comparison between time-lapse and CM selections at cleavage-stage SET and was statistically underpowered to detect non-inferiority. The subject's eligibility criteria favouring women with a good prognosis for IVF weakened the generalizability of the results. The OPR from Day 3 cleavage-stage SET using hierarchical classification time-lapse selection was significantly lower compared with that from Day 5 blastocyst SET using conventional morphology, yet it appeared to be clinically acceptable in women underwent IVF. This study is supported by grants from Ferring Pharmaceuticals and the Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University, China. ChiCTR-ICR-15006600. 16 June 2015. 1 October 2015.

In vivo effect of single oral dose of artemether against early juvenile stages of Schistosoma mansoni Egyptian strain.

PubMed

El-Beshbishi, Samar N; Taman, Amira; El-Malky, Mohamed; Azab, Manar S; El-Hawary, Amira K; El-Tantawy, Dina A

2013-10-01

The current treatment and control of schistosomiasis, rely on a single drug, praziquantel, although, it has minor activity against juvenile stages of the parasite. Studies have shown that artemether (ART) exhibits effects against juveniles of Schistosoma mansoni Liberian and Puerto Rican strains, Schistosoma japonicum and Schistosoma haematobium. Aiming to assess the in vivo activity of single oral dose of ART against early juvenile stages of S. mansoni Egyptian strain, this study was established. Mice were treated with ART (400 mg/kg) at two time points evenly spaced over the period of larval development (7 and 21 days post-infection; pi), and a third treatment point (day 49 pi) was included to elucidate when susceptibility decreases. Administration of ART on day 7 pi reduced the total worm burden by 85.94%. The greatest reductions were seen when treatment was given on day 21 pi, with total and female worm burden reductions of 91.52% and 90.57%, respectively, and cessation of oviposition. Similar dose given on day 49 pi reduced total worm burden by 55.17% and female worm burden by 66.51%. Moreover, it induced significant reduction in the tissue egg load and significant alterations in the oogram pattern with decreased immature eggs and increased dead eggs. Antipathological activities were evident in significant reductions in granulomata count and diameter. In conclusion, ART exhibits major in vivo schistosomicidal effects against the early larval migratory stages of S. mansoni Egyptian strain, mainly the 21-day old schistosomula, hence preventing disease progression and morbidity. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Predicting Ares I Reaction Control System Performance by Utilizing Analysis Anchored with Development Test Data

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Stein, William B.; Holt, K.; Holton, M.; Williams, J. H.; Butt, A.; Dervan, M.; Sharp, D.

2010-01-01

The Ares I launch vehicle is an integral part of NASA s Constellation Program, providing a foundation for a new era of space access. The Ares I is designed to lift the Orion Crew Module and will enable humans to return to the Moon as well as explore Mars.1 The Ares I is comprised of two inline stages: a Space Shuttle-derived five-segment Solid Rocket Booster (SRB) First Stage (FS) and an Upper Stage (US) powered by a Saturn V-derived J-2X engine. A dedicated Roll Control System (RoCS) located on the connecting interstage provides roll control prior to FS separation. Induced yaw and pitch moments are handled by the SRB nozzle vectoring. The FS SRB operates for approximately two minutes after which the US separates from the vehicle and the US Reaction Control System (ReCS) continues to provide reaction control for the remainder of the mission. A representation of the Ares I launch vehicle in the stacked configuration and including the Orion Crew Exploration Vehicle (CEV) is shown in Figure 1. Each Reaction Control System (RCS) design incorporates a Gaseous Helium (GHe) pressurization system combined with a monopropellant Hydrazine (N2H4) propulsion system. Both systems have two diametrically opposed thruster modules. This architecture provides one failure tolerance for function and prevention of catastrophic hazards such as inadvertent thruster firing, bulk propellant leakage, and over-pressurization. The pressurization system on the RoCS includes two ambient pressure-referenced regulators on parallel strings in order to attain the required system level single Fault Tolerant (FT) design for function while the ReCS utilizes a blow-down approach. A single burst disk and relief valve assembly is also included on the RoCS to ensure single failure tolerance for must-not-occur catastrophic hazards. The Reaction Control Systems are designed to support simultaneously firing multiple thrusters as required

Single Incision Laparoscopic Surgery in Treating Patients With Colorectal Disease

ClinicalTrials.gov

2017-12-04

Adenomatous Polyp; Crohn Disease; Familial Adenomatous Polyposis; Hereditary Intestinal Polyposis Syndrome; Recurrent Colon Cancer; Stage I Colon Cancer; Stage IIA Colon Cancer; Stage IIB Colon Cancer; Stage IIC Colon Cancer; Stage IIIA Colon Cancer; Stage IIIB Colon Cancer; Stage IIIC Colon Cancer

Assessing the Validity of a Single-Item HIV Risk Stage-of-Change Measure

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Napper, Lucy E.; Branson, Catherine M.; Fisher, Dennis G.; Reynolds, Grace L.; Wood, Michelle M.

2008-01-01

This study examined the validity of a single-item measure of HIV risk stage of change that HIV prevention contractors were required to collect by the California State Office of AIDS. The single-item measure was compared to the more conventional University of Rhode Island Change Assessment (URICA). Participants were members of Los Angeles…

Exploring cytoplasmic dynamics in zebrafish yolk cells by single particle tracking of fluorescent nanodiamonds

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chang, Cheng-Chun; Zhang, Bailin; Li, Che-Yu; Hsieh, Chih-Chien; Duclos, Guillaume; Treussart, François; Chang, Huan-Cheng

2012-02-01

Fluorescent nanodiamonds (FNDs) have recently developed into an exciting new tool for bioimaging applications. The material possesses several unique features including high biocompatibility, easy bioconjugation, and perfect photostability, making it a promising optical nanoprobe in vitro as well as in vivo. This work explores the potential application of this novel nanomaterial as a photostable, nontoxic tracer in vivo using zebrafish as a model organism. We introduced FNDs into the yolk of a zebrafish embryo by microinjection at the 1-cell stage. Movements of the injected particles were investigated by using single particle tracking techniques. We observed unidirectional and stop-and-go traffic as part of the intricate cytoplasmic movements in the yolk cell. We determined a velocity in the range of 0.19 - 0.40 μm/s for 40 particles moving along with the axial streaming in the early developmental stage (1 to 2 hours post fertilization) of the zebrafish embryos.

A Rocket Powered Single-Stage-to-Orbit Launch Vehicle With U.S. and Soviet Engineers

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

MacConochie, Ian O.; Stnaley, Douglas O.

1991-01-01

A single-stage-to-orbit launch vehicle is used to assess the applicability of Soviet Energia high-pressure-hydrocarbon engine to advanced U.S. manned space transportation systems. Two of the Soviet engines are used with three Space Shuttle Main Engines. When applied to a baseline vehicle that utilized advanced hydrocarbon engines, the higher weight of the Soviet engines resulted in a 20 percent loss of payload capability and necessitated a change in the crew compartment size and location from mid-body to forebody in order to balance the vehicle. Various combinations of Soviet and Shuttle engines were evaluated for comparison purposes, including an all hydrogen system using all Space Shuttle Main Engines. Operational aspects of the baseline vehicle are also discussed. A new mass properties program entitles Weights and Moments of Inertia (WAMI) is used in the study.

Single-stage-to-orbit versus two-stage-two-orbit: A cost perspective

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hamaker, Joseph W.

1996-03-01

This paper considers the possible life-cycle costs of single-stage-to-orbit (SSTO) and two-stage-to-orbit (TSTO) reusable launch vehicles (RLV's). The analysis parametrically addresses the issue such that the preferred economic choice comes down to the relative complexity of the TSTO compared to the SSTO. The analysis defines the boundary complexity conditions at which the two configurations have equal life-cycle costs, and finally, makes a case for the economic preference of SSTO over TSTO.

Performance Evaluation of Reduced-Chord Rotor Blading as Applied to J73 Two-Stage Turbine

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Schurn, Harold J.

1957-01-01

The multistage turbine from the J73 turbojet engine has previously been investigated with standard and with reduced-chord rotor blading in order to determine the individual performance characteristics of each configuration over a range of over-all pressure ratio and speed. Because both turbine configurations exhibited peak efficiencies of over 90 percent, and because both units had relatively wide efficient operating ranges, it was considered of interest to determine the performance of the first stage of the turbine as a separate component. Accordingly, the standard-bladed multistage turbine was modified by removing the second-stage rotor disk and stator and altering the flow passage so that the first stage of the unit could be operated independently. The modified single-stage turbine was then operated over a range of stage pressure ratio and speed. The single-stage turbine operated at a peak brake internal efficiency of over 90 percent at an over-all stage pressure ratio of 1.4 and at 90 percent of design equivalent speed. Furthermore, the unit operated at high efficiencies over a relatively wide operating range. When the single-stage results were compared with the multistage results at the design operating point, it was found that the first stage produced approximately half the total multistage-turbine work output.

Design and Implement of Low Ripple and Quasi-digital Power Supply

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Xiangli, Li; Yanjun, Wei; Hanhong, Qi; Yan, Ma

A switch linearity hybrid power supply based on single chip microcomputer is designed which merged the merits of the switching and linear power supply. Main circuit includes pre-regulator which works in switching mode and series regulator which works in linear mode. Two-stage regulation mode was adopted in the main circuit of the power. A single chip computer (SCM) and high resolution of series D/A and A/D converters are applied to control and measurement which achieved continuous adjustable and low ripple constant current or voltage power supply

Simultaneous Surgical Treatment of Congenital Spinal Deformity Associated with Intraspinal Anomalies.

PubMed

Singrakhia, Manoj; Malewar, Nikhil; Deshmukh, Sonal; Deshmukh, Shivaji

2018-06-01

Prospective case series. To study the safety, efficacy, and long-term outcomes of single-stage surgical intervention for congenital spinal deformity and intraspinal anomalies. Congenital spinal deformities associated with intraspinal anomalies are usually treated sequentially, first by treating the intraspinal anomalies followed by deformity correction after a period of 3-6 months. Recently, a single-stage approach has been reported to show better postoperative results and reduced complication rates. Thirty patients (23 females and seven males) were prospectively evaluated for the simultaneous surgical treatment of congenital spinal deformity with concurrent intraspinal anomalies from May 2006 to October 2016. The average age at presentation was 9.8±3.7 years, with the average follow-up duration being 49.06±8.6 months. Clinical records were evaluated for clinical, radiological, perioperative, and postoperative data. The average angle of deformity was 56.53°±25.22° preoperatively, 21.13°±14.34° postoperatively, and 23.93°±14.99° at the final follow-up. The average surgical time was 232.58±53.56 minutes (range, 100-330 minutes), with a mean blood loss of 1,587.09±439.09 mL (range, 100-2,300 mL). Single stage surgical intervention for intraspinal anomalies with congenital spinal deformity correction, including adequate intra-operative wake-up test, is a viable option in appropriately selected patients and has minimum complication rates.

Aerodynamic Interaction between Delta Wing and Hemisphere-Cylinder in Supersonic Flow

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Nishino, Atsuhiro; Ishikawa, Takahumi; Nakamura, Yoshiaki

As future space vehicles, Reusable Launch Vehicle (RLV) needs to be developed, where there are two kinds of RLV: Single Stage To Orbit (SSTO) and Two Stage To Orbit (TSTO). In the latter case, the shock/shock interaction and shock/boundary layer interaction play a key role. In the present study, we focus on the supersonic flow field with aerodynamic interaction between a delta wing and a hemisphere-cylinder, which imitate a TSTO, where the clearance, h, between the delta wing and hemisphere-cylinder is a key parameter. As a result, complicated flow patterns were made clear, including separation bubbles.

All optical logic for optical pattern recognition and networking applications

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Khoury, Jed

2017-05-01

In this paper, we propose architectures for the implementation 16 Boolean optical gates from two inputs using externally pumped phase- conjugate Michelson interferometer. Depending on the gate to be implemented, some require single stage interferometer and others require two stages interferometer. The proposed optical gates can be used in several applications in optical networks including, but not limited to, all-optical packet routers switching, and all-optical error detection. The optical logic gates can also be used in recognition of noiseless rotation and scale invariant objects such as finger prints for home land security applications.

Towards multi-field D-brane inflation in a warped throat

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Chen, Heng-Yu; Gong, Jinn-Ouk; Koyama, Kazuya

2010-11-01

We study the inflationary dynamics in a model of slow-roll inflation in warped throat. Inflation is realized by the motion of a D-brane along the radial direction of the throat, and at later stages instabilities develop in the angular directions. We closely investigate both the single field potential relevant for the slow-roll phase, and the full multi-field one including the angular modes which becomes important at later stages. We study the main features of the instability process, discussing its possible consequences and identifying the vacua towards which the angular modes are driven.

Single phase bi-directional AC-DC converter with reduced passive components size and common mode electro-magnetic interference

DOEpatents

Mi, Chris; Li, Siqi

2017-01-31

A bidirectional AC-DC converter is presented with reduced passive component size and common mode electro-magnetic interference. The converter includes an improved input stage formed by two coupled differential inductors, two coupled common and differential inductors, one differential capacitor and two common mode capacitors. With this input structure, the volume, weight and cost of the input stage can be reduced greatly. Additionally, the input current ripple and common mode electro-magnetic interference can be greatly attenuated, so lower switching frequency can be adopted to achieve higher efficiency.

Microfluidics for Single-Cell Genetic Analysis

PubMed Central

Thompson, A. M.; Paguirigan, A. L.; Kreutz, J. E.; Radich, J. P.; Chiu, D. T.

2014-01-01

The ability to correlate single-cell genetic information to cellular phenotypes will provide the kind of detailed insight into human physiology and disease pathways that is not possible to infer from bulk cell analysis. Microfluidic technologies are attractive for single-cell manipulation due to precise handling and low risk of contamination. Additionally, microfluidic single-cell techniques can allow for high-throughput and detailed genetic analyses that increase accuracy and decreases reagent cost compared to bulk techniques. Incorporating these microfluidic platforms into research and clinical laboratory workflows can fill an unmet need in biology, delivering the highly accurate, highly informative data necessary to develop new therapies and monitor patient outcomes. In this perspective, we describe the current and potential future uses of microfluidics at all stages of single-cell genetic analysis, including cell enrichment and capture, single-cell compartmentalization and manipulation, and detection and analyses. PMID:24789374

Energy performance of an integrated bio-and-thermal hybrid system for lignocellulosic biomass waste treatment.

PubMed

Kan, Xiang; Yao, Zhiyi; Zhang, Jingxin; Tong, Yen Wah; Yang, Wenming; Dai, Yanjun; Wang, Chi-Hwa

2017-03-01

Lignocellulosic biomass waste, a heterogeneous complex of biodegradables and non-biodegradables, accounts for large proportion of municipal solid waste. Due to limitation of single-stage treatment, a two-stage hybrid AD-gasification system was proposed in this work, in which AD acted as pre-treatment to convert biodegradables into biogas followed by gasification converting solid residue into syngas. Energy performance of single and two-stage systems treating 3 typical lignocellulosic wastes was studied using both experimental and numerical methods. In comparison with conventional single-stage gasification treatment, this hybrid system could significantly improve the quality of produced gas for all selected biomass wastes and show its potential in enhancing total gas energy production by a maximum value of 27% for brewer's spent grain treatment at an organic loading rate (OLR) of 3gVS/L/day. The maximum overall efficiency of the hybrid system for horticultural waste treatment was 75.2% at OLR of 11.3gVS/L/day, 5.5% higher than conventional single-stage system. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Polymorphism in liver-stage malaria vaccine candidate proteins: immune evasion and implications for vaccine design.

PubMed

Flanagan, Katie L; Wilson, Kirsty L; Plebanski, Magdalena

2016-01-01

The pre-erythrocytic stage of infection by malaria parasites represents a key target for vaccines that aim to eradicate malaria. Two important broad immune evasion strategies that can interfere with vaccine efficacy include the induction of dendritic cell (DC) dysfunction and regulatory T cells (Tregs) by blood-stage malaria parasites, leading to inefficient priming of T cells targeting liver-stage infections. The parasite also uses 'surgical strike' strategies, whereby polymorphism in pre-erythrocytic antigens can interfere with host immunity. Specifically, we review how even single amino acid changes in T cell epitopes can lead to loss of binding to major histocompatibility complex (MHC), lack of cross-reactivity, or antagonism and immune interference, where simultaneous or sequential stimulation with related variants of the same T cell epitope can cause T cell anergy or the conversion of effector to immunosuppressive T cell phenotypes.

Single-stage laparoscopic common bile duct exploration and cholecystectomy versus two-stage endoscopic stone extraction followed by laparoscopic cholecystectomy for patients with concomitant gallbladder stones and common bile duct stones: a randomized controlled trial.

PubMed

Bansal, Virinder Kumar; Misra, Mahesh C; Rajan, Karthik; Kilambi, Ragini; Kumar, Subodh; Krishna, Asuri; Kumar, Atin; Pandav, Chandrakant S; Subramaniam, Rajeshwari; Arora, M K; Garg, Pramod Kumar

2014-03-01

The ideal method for managing concomitant gallbladder stones and common bile duct (CBD) stones is debatable. The currently preferred method is two-stage endoscopic stone extraction followed by laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC). This prospective randomized trial compared the success and cost effectiveness of single- and two-stage management of patients with concomitant gallbladder and CBD stones. Consecutive patients with concomitant gallbladder and CBD stones were randomized to either single-stage laparoscopic CBD exploration and cholecystectomy (group 1) or endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) for endoscopic extraction of CBD stones followed by LC (group 2). Success was defined as complete clearance of CBD and cholecystectomy by the intended method. Cost effectiveness was measured using the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio. Intention-to-treat analysis was performed to compare outcomes. From February 2009 to October 2012, 168 patients were randomized: 84 to the single-stage procedure (group 1) and 84 to the two-stage procedure (group 2). Both groups were matched with regard to demographic and clinical parameters. The success rates of laparoscopic CBD exploration and ERCP for clearance of CBD were similar (91.7 vs. 88.1 %). The overall success rate also was comparable: 88.1 % in group 1 and 79.8 % in group 2 (p = 0.20). Direct choledochotomy was performed in 83 of the 84 patients. The mean operative time was significantly longer in group 1 (135.7 ± 36.6 vs. 72.4 ± 27.6 min; p ≤ 0.001), but the overall hospital stay was significantly shorter (4.6 ± 2.4 vs. 5.3 ± 6.2 days; p = 0.03). Group 2 had a significantly greater number of procedures per patient (p < 0.001) and a higher cost (p = 0.002). The two groups did not differ significantly in terms of postoperative wound infection rates or major complications. Single- and two-stage management for uncomplicated concomitant gallbladder and CBD stones had similar success and complication rates, but the single-stage strategy was better in terms of shorter hospital stay, need for fewer procedures, and cost effectiveness.

Object-based detection of vehicles using combined optical and elevation data

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Schilling, Hendrik; Bulatov, Dimitri; Middelmann, Wolfgang

2018-02-01

The detection of vehicles is an important and challenging topic that is relevant for many applications. In this work, we present a workflow that utilizes optical and elevation data to detect vehicles in remotely sensed urban data. This workflow consists of three consecutive stages: candidate identification, classification, and single vehicle extraction. Unlike in most previous approaches, fusion of both data sources is strongly pursued at all stages. While the first stage utilizes the fact that most man-made objects are rectangular in shape, the second and third stages employ machine learning techniques combined with specific features. The stages are designed to handle multiple sensor input, which results in a significant improvement. A detailed evaluation shows the benefits of our workflow, which includes hand-tailored features; even in comparison with classification approaches based on Convolutional Neural Networks, which are state of the art in computer vision, we could obtain a comparable or superior performance (F1 score of 0.96-0.94).

The Trailblazer Program

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Trefney, Charles J.

1999-01-01

This paper presents the "Three Pillars of Success" for the Trailblazer Program. The topics include: 1) The "Rocket Equation" for SSTO (Single Stage To Orbit); 2) The Rocket I* Barrier; 3) Rocket-Based Combined-Cycle Engine; 4) Potential for Reusability; 5) Factors Mitigating RBCC Performance; 6) The "Trailblazer" Program; 7) Trailblazer Performance Goals; 8) Trailblazer Reference Vehicle; and 9) Trailblazer Program Architecture.

Rocket-powered single-stage-to-orbit vehicles for safe economical access to low earth orbit

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Andrews, D. G.; Davis, E. E.; Bangsund, E. L.

1991-10-01

Rocket-powered SSTO vehicles were investigated during the SSTO technology demonstration contracts. Vehicle configurations were defined to include various technology concepts such as advanced rocket or air breathing engines, takeoff assist options, and advanced high temperature structural materials. Results of these investigations are summarized and performance and turnaround data are presented.

Single stage high pressure centrifugal slurry pump

DOEpatents

Meyer, John W.; Bonin, John H.; Daniel, Arnold D.

1984-03-27

Apparatus is shown for feeding a slurry to a pressurized housing. An impeller that includes radial passages is mounted in the loose fitting housing. The impeller hub is connected to a drive means and a slurry supply means which extends through the housing. Pressured gas is fed into the housing for substantially enveloping the impeller in a bubble of gas.

Evaluation of a single-stage carbon oxidation-nitrification process for treating high TAN effluent from anaerobic digestion of poultry rendering wastewater

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Nitrogen is an essential nutrient for plants and animals. However, an excess amount of nitrogen in waterways may lead to anoxic condition and negatively alter various aquatic lifeforms due to their toxicity. Main sources of nitrogen in the environment include the discharge from wastewater treatment ...

Building a Straw Bridge

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Teaching Science, 2015

2015-01-01

This project is for a team of students (groups of two or three are ideal) to design and construct a model of a single-span bridge, using plastic drinking straws as the building material. All steps of the design, construction, testing and critiquing stages should be recorded by students in a journal. Students may like to include labelled diagrams,…

Ovarian Cancer Stage I

MedlinePlus

... Stage I Description: Three-panel drawing of stage IA, IB, and IC; the first panel (stage IA) shows cancer inside one ovary. The second panel ( ... fallopian tubes, uterus, cervix, and vagina. In stage IA, cancer is found inside a single ovary or ...

One-stage Revision ACL reconstruction with hamstring autograft results in satisfactory outcome

PubMed Central

Kejriwal, Ritwik; Buelow, Jens

2017-01-01

Objectives: Revision anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction is associated with poorer outcomes and higher rerupture rates when compared to primary ACL reconstruction. There is also a significant heterogeneity in surgical technique, number of stages, and graft options. We report a large single surgeon case series with hamstring autograft as a graft option. Methods: Observational series of revision ACL reconstructions performed by the senior author between 2005 and 2015 was carried out. Chart reviews and clinic follow-ups were performed with the following recorded – re-rupture rate, radiographic grading of osteoarthritis, KT-1000 arthrometer test, IKDC outcome scores and knee range of motion. All patients underwent single bundle four-strand hamstring autograft performed in one stage with use of new tunnels in majority of the cases. Results: 66 patients underwent hamstring autograft one-stage revision ACL reconstruction by Dr Jens Buelow. Chart review was carried out on all patients, and 26 (39%) were followed up in clinic and/or by phone with a mean follow up of 4.7 years. Outcomes included re-rupture rate of 4.5%, reoperation rate of 12%, mean visual analogue scale score of 7.6, mean side-to-side difference of 2.6 mm for KT-1000 arthrometer test, and mean IKDC score of 79. Of the 17 patients with radiographs, 40% had moderate osteoarthritis (grade 2 or 3) at follow-up. Conclusion: Revision ACL reconstruction can result in a satisfactory outcome when performed with a hamstring autograft in one stage.

Sildenafil exposure and hemodynamic effect after stage II single-ventricle surgery

PubMed Central

Hill, Kevin D.; Tunks, Robert D.; Barker, Piers C. A.; Benjamin, Daniel K.; Cohen-Wolkowiez, Michael; Fleming, Gregory A.; Laughon, Matthew; Li, Jennifer S.

2013-01-01

Objective To determine sildenafil exposure and hemodynamic effect in children after stage II single-ventricle surgery. Design Prospective, dose escalation trial. Setting Single-center, pediatric catheterization laboratory. Patients 12 children post stage II single-ventricle surgical palliation and undergoing elective cardiac catheterization: median age 1.9 years (range: 0.8, 4.0), weight 11 kg (8, 13), 9 females, and 10 with a single right ventricle. Interventions Catheterization and echocardiography performed before and immediately after single-dose intravenous sildenafil (0.125, 0.25, 0.35, or 0.45 mg/kg over 20 minutes). Measurements Peak sildenafil and des-methyl sildenafil concentration, change in hemodynamic parameters measured by cardiac catheterization and echocardiography including indexed pulmonary vascular resistance, and myocardial performance. Main Results Maximum sildenafil concentrations ranged from 92–775 ng/ml and were above the in vitro threshold needed for 77% phosphodiesterase type-5 (PDE-5) inhibition in 80% of subjects and 90% inhibition in 80% of subjects with doses ≥0.35 mg/kg. Sildenafil lowered pulmonary vascular resistance index (PVRI) in all 12 subjects (median PVRI 2.2 [range: 1.6, 7.9]; decreased to 1.7 [1.2, 5.4] WU x m2; p<0.01) with no dose-response effect. Sildenafil improved pulmonary blood flow (+8% [0, 20], p=0.04) and saturations (+2% [0, 16], p=0.04) in those with baseline PVRI ≥2 WU x m2 (n=7). Change in saturations correlated inversely with change in PVRI (r2 = 0.74 p<0.01). Sildenafil also lowered mean blood pressure (−12% [−20, +10]; p=0.04). There was no change in cardiac index and no effect on myocardial performance. There were no adverse events. Conclusions Sildenafil demonstrated non-linear exposure with high inter-individual variability but was well tolerated and effectively lowered PVRI in all subjects. Sildenafil did not acutely improve myocardial performance or increase cardiac index. PMID:23823195

Preprocedural Anxiety and Pain Perception Following Root Surface Debridement in Chronic Periodontitis Patients.

PubMed

Naik, Vanaja Krishna; Balasundaram, Aruna; Appukuttan, Devapriya; Nainar, Deepavalli Arumuga; Milward, Michael Robert; Victor, Dhayanand John; Junaid, Mohammed

2018-01-01

The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare preprocedural dental anxiety levels and postprocedural pain perception in chronic periodontitis patients during conventional-staged root surface debridement (RSD) and single-stage RSD. Thirty-seven adult generalized chronic periodontitis patients requiring RSD were recruited in this study. Preprocedural anxiety levels were assessed using a self-reported questionnaire and postprocedural pain perceptions were assessed using 0-10 cm visual analog scale. The subject population was divided into two groups: staged RSD ( n = 18) and single-stage RSD ( n = 19). Staged RSD patients visited four times as opposed to single-stage RSD patients. Data were subjected to Pearson Chi-square test, Mann-Whitney U-test, and Spearman's rank correlation. There was no statistically significant difference in dental anxiety levels or pain perceptions in both the groups. Within Group 1, there was statistical significant difference in dental anxiety levels between visit 4 and visit 3 ( P = 0.037) and pain perception between visit 3 and visit 1 ( P = 0.005), visit 4 and visit 1 ( P = 0.002), and visit 4 and visit 2 (0.04) was statistically significant. There was a positive correlation of anxiety questionnaire (Q1-Q4) to the pain score in Group 1 which was statistically significant and in single-stage RSD. Conventional quadrant-wise RSD tends to cognitively condition the anxiety experience thus influencing pain experience.

Immediate Single-Stage Reconstruction of Complex Frontofaciobasal Injuries: Part I

PubMed Central

Awadalla, Akram Mohamed; Ezzeddine, Hichem; Fawzy, Naglaaa; Saeed, Mohammad Al; Ahmad, Mohammad R.

2014-01-01

Objective To determine if immediate (within 6 hours of adequate resuscitation) single-stage repair of complex craniofacial injuries could be accomplished with acceptable morbidity and mortality taking into consideration the cosmetic appearance of the patient. Patients and Methods A total of 26 patients (19 men, 7 women) ranging in age from 8 to 58 years with Glasgow Coma Scale scores of 5 to 15 all had a combined single-stage repair of their complex craniofacial injuries within 6 hours of their admission. After initial assessment and adequate resuscitation, they were evaluated with three-dimensional computed tomography of the face and head. Coronal skin flap was used for maximum exposure for frontal sinus exenteration as well as dural repair, cortical debridement, calvarial reconstruction, and titanium mesh placement. Results Neurosurgical outcome at both the early and late evaluations was judged as good in 22 of 26 patients (85%), moderate in 3 of 26 (11%), and poor in 1 of the 26 (3.8%). Cosmetic surgical outcome at the early evaluation showed 17 of 26 (65%) to be excellent, 4 of 26 (15.5%) to be good, 4 patients (15.5%) to be fair, and 1 patient (3.8%) to be poor. At the late reevaluation, the fair had improved to good with an additional reconstructive procedure, and the poor had improved to fair with another surgery. There was no calvarial osteomyelitis, graft resorption, or intracranial abscess. Complications included three patients (11%): one (3.8%) had tension pneumocephaly and meningitis, one (3.8%) had delayed cerebrospinal fluid leak with recurrent attacks of meningitis, and one had a maxillary sinus infection (3.8%) secondary to front maxillary fistula. Conclusion The immediate single-stage repair of complex craniofacial injuries can be performed with acceptable results, a decreased need for reoperation, and improved cosmetic and functional outcomes. PMID:25844296

Single Marital Status and Infectious Mortality in Women With Cervical Cancer in the United States.

PubMed

Machida, Hiroko; Eckhardt, Sarah E; Castaneda, Antonio V; Blake, Erin A; Pham, Huyen Q; Roman, Lynda D; Matsuo, Koji

2017-10-01

Unmarried status including single marital status is associated with increased mortality in women bearing malignancy. Infectious disease weights a significant proportion of mortality in patients with malignancy. Here, we examined an association of single marital status and infectious mortality in cervical cancer. This is a retrospective observational study examining 86,555 women with invasive cervical cancer identified in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program between 1973 and 2013. Characteristics of 18,324 single women were compared with 38,713 married women in multivariable binary logistic regression models. Propensity score matching was performed to examine cumulative risk of all-cause and infectious mortality between the 2 groups. Single marital status was significantly associated with young age, black/Hispanic ethnicity, Western US residents, uninsured status, high-grade tumor, squamous histology, and advanced-stage disease on multivariable analysis (all, P < 0.05). In a prematched model, single marital status was significantly associated with increased cumulative risk of all-cause mortality (5-year rate: 32.9% vs 29.7%, P < 0.001) and infectious mortality (0.5% vs 0.3%, P < 0.001) compared with the married status. After propensity score matching, single marital status remained an independent prognostic factor for increased cumulative risk of all-cause mortality (adjusted hazards ratio [HR], 1.15; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.11-1.20; P < 0.001) and those of infectious mortality on multivariable analysis (adjusted HR, 1.71; 95% CI, 1.27-2.32; P < 0.001). In a sensitivity analysis for stage I disease, single marital status remained significantly increased risk of infectious mortality after propensity score matching (adjusted HR, 2.24; 95% CI, 1.34-3.73; P = 0.002). Single marital status was associated with increased infectious mortality in women with invasive cervical cancer.

20-W 1952-nm tandem hybrid single and double clad TDFA

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Romano, Clément; Tench, Robert E.; Delavaux, Jean-Marc

2018-02-01

A simple engineering design is important for achieving high Thulium-doped amplifier (TDFA) performance such as good power conversion, low noise figure (NF), scalable output power, high gain, and stable operation over a large dynamic range. In this paper we report the design, performance, and simulation of two stage high-power 1952 nm hybrid single and double clad TDFAs. The first stage of our hybrid amplifier is a single clad design, and the second stage is a double clad design. We demonstrate TDFAs with an output power greater than 20 W with single-frequency narrow linewidth (i.e. MHz) input signals at both 1952 and 2004 nm. An optical 10 dB bandwidth of 80 nm is derived from the ASE spectrum. The power stage is constructed with 10 μm core active fibers showing a maximum optical slope efficiency greater than 50 %. The experimental results lead to a 1 dB agreement with our simulation tool developed for single clad and double clad TDFAs. Overall this hybrid amplifier offers versatile features with the potential of much higher output power.

PET/CT and contrast enhanced CT in single vs. two separate sessions: a cost analysis study.

PubMed

Picchio, M; Mansueto, M; Crivellaro, C; Guerra, L; Marcelli, S; Arosio, M; Sironi, S; Gianolli, L; Grimaldi, A; Messa, C

2012-06-01

Aim of the study was to quantify the economic impact of PET/CT and contrast enhanced (c.e.) CT performed in a single session examination vs. stand-alone modalities in oncological patients. One-hundred-forty-five cancer patients referred to both PET/CT and c.e. CT, to either stage (N.=46) or re-stage (N.=99) the disease, were included. Seventy-two/145 performed both studies in a single session (innovative method) and 73/145 in two different sessions (traditional method). The cost-minimization analysis was performed by evaluating: 1) institutional costs, data obtained by hospital accountability (staff, medical materials, equipment maintenance and depreciation, departments utilities); 2) patients costs, data obtained by a specific survey provided to patients (travel, food, accommodation costs, productivity loss). Economic data analysis showed that the costs for innovative method was lower than those of traditional method, both for Institution (106 € less per test) and for patient (21 € less per patient). The loss of productivity for patient and caregivers resulted lower for the innovative method than the traditional method (3 work-hour less per person). PET/CT and c.e. CT performed in a single session is more cost-effective than stand-alone modalities, by reducing both Institutional and patients costs. These advantages are mainly due to lower Institutional cost (single procedure) and to lower cost related to travel and housing.

Tracing the temporal-spatial transcriptome landscapes of the human fetal digestive tract using single-cell RNA-sequencing.

PubMed

Gao, Shuai; Yan, Liying; Wang, Rui; Li, Jingyun; Yong, Jun; Zhou, Xin; Wei, Yuan; Wu, Xinglong; Wang, Xiaoye; Fan, Xiaoying; Yan, Jie; Zhi, Xu; Gao, Yun; Guo, Hongshan; Jin, Xiao; Wang, Wendong; Mao, Yunuo; Wang, Fengchao; Wen, Lu; Fu, Wei; Ge, Hao; Qiao, Jie; Tang, Fuchou

2018-06-01

The development of the digestive tract is critical for proper food digestion and nutrient absorption. Here, we analyse the main organs of the digestive tract, including the oesophagus, stomach, small intestine and large intestine, from human embryos between 6 and 25 weeks of gestation as well as the large intestine from adults using single-cell RNA-seq analyses. In total, 5,227 individual cells are analysed and 40 cell types clearly identified. Their crucial biological features, including developmental processes, signalling pathways, cell cycle, nutrient digestion and absorption metabolism, and transcription factor networks, are systematically revealed. Moreover, the differentiation and maturation processes of the large intestine are thoroughly investigated by comparing the corresponding transcriptome profiles between embryonic and adult stages. Our work offers a rich resource for investigating the gene regulation networks of the human fetal digestive tract and adult large intestine at single-cell resolution.

Sub-classification of Advanced-Stage Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Cohort Study Including 612 Patients Treated with Sorafenib.

PubMed

Yoo, Jeong-Ju; Chung, Goh Eun; Lee, Jeong-Hoon; Nam, Joon Yeul; Chang, Young; Lee, Jeong Min; Lee, Dong Ho; Kim, Hwi Young; Cho, Eun Ju; Yu, Su Jong; Kim, Yoon Jun; Yoon, Jung-Hwan

2018-04-01

Advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is associated with various clinical conditions including major vessel invasion, metastasis, and poor performance status. The aim of this study was to establish a prognostic scoring system and to propose a sub-classification of the Barcelona-Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) stage C. This retrospective study included consecutive patientswho received sorafenib for BCLC stage C HCC at a single tertiary hospital in Korea. A Cox proportional hazard model was used to develop a scoring system, and internal validationwas performed by a 5-fold cross-validation. The performance of the model in predicting risk was assessed by the area under the curve and the Hosmer-Lemeshow test. A total of 612 BCLC stage C HCC patients were sub- classified into strata depending on their performance status. Five independent prognostic factors (Child-Pugh score, α-fetoprotein, tumor type, extrahepatic metastasis, and portal vein invasion) were identified and used in the prognostic scoring system. This scoring system showed good discrimination (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, 0.734 to 0.818) and calibration functions (both p < 0.05 by the Hosmer-Lemeshow test at 1 month and 12 months, respectively). The differences in survival among the different risk groups classified by the total score were significant (p < 0.001 by the log-rank test in both the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group 0 and 1 strata). The heterogeneity of patientswith BCLC stage C HCC requires sub-classification of advanced HCC. A prognostic scoring system with five independent factors is useful in predicting the survival of patients with BCLC stage C HCC.

[Effects of long-term mixed application of organic and inorganic fertilizers on canopy apparent photosynthesis and yield of winter wheat].

PubMed

Zhao, Jun; Dong, Shu-ting; Liu, Peng; Zhang, Ji-wang; Zhao, Bin

2015-08-01

A field experiment was conducted using the winter wheat (Triticum aestivum) variety Shimai 15. The source of organic nitrogen was cow manure, and four fertilization treatments were included, i.e., no N fertilizer application, single application of urea, single application of cow manure, and mixed application of urea and cow manure. The effects of different applications of inorganic and organic nitrogen on canopy apparent photosynthesis (CAP), photosynthetic rate of flag leaves (Pn), leaf area index (LAI), florescence parameters and grain yield of winter wheat were determined. The results showed that urea had the largest effect on the early growth period, as at this stage the CAP, Pn and LAI of the single application of urea were the highest, which was followed by the mixed application and the single application of cow manure. However, 10 days after anthesis, the single application of cow manure and the mixed application delayed the leaf senescence process when compared with the single application of urea. This could be due to the two treatments having higher anti-oxidant enzyme activity and promoting a longer green leaf duration, which could maintain a higher photosynthetic capability. What' s more, the mixed application had a better performance and got the highest grain yield. Consequently, the mixed application of organic and inorganic fertilizers could delay leaf senescence and maintain a better canopy structure and higher photosynthesis capability at the late grain filling stage, which resulted in a higher grain yield.

Rho-Isp Revisited and Basic Stage Mass Estimating for Launch Vehicle Conceptual Sizing Studies

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Kibbey, Timothy P.

2015-01-01

The ideal rocket equation is manipulated to demonstrate the essential link between propellant density and specific impulse as the two primary stage performance drivers for a launch vehicle. This is illustrated by examining volume-limited stages such as first stages and boosters. This proves to be a good approximation for first-order or Phase A vehicle design studies for solid rocket motors and for liquid stages, except when comparing to hydrogen-fueled stages. A next-order mass model is developed that is able to model the mass differences between hydrogen-fueled and other stages. Propellants considered range in density from liquid methane to inhibited red fuming nitric acid. Calculated comparisons are shown for solid rocket boosters, liquid first stages, liquid upper stages, and a balloon-deployed single-stage-to-orbit concept. The derived relationships are ripe for inclusion in a multi-stage design space exploration and optimization algorithm, as well as for single-parameter comparisons such as those shown herein.

The evaluation of clinical and cost outcomes associated with earlier initiation of insulin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

PubMed

Smolen, Harry J; Murphy, Daniel R; Gahn, James C; Yu, Xueting; Curtis, Bradley H

2014-09-01

The treatment for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) follows a stepwise progression. As a treatment loses its effectiveness, it is typically replaced with a more complex and frequently more costly treatment. Eventually this progression leads to the use of basal insulin typically with concomitant treatments (e.g., metformin, a GLP-1 RA [glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist], a TZD [thiazolidinedione] or a DPP-4i [dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitor]) and, ultimately, to basal-bolus insulin in some forms. As the cost of oral antidiabetics (OADs) and noninsulin injectables have approached, and in some cases exceeded, the cost of insulin, we reexamined the placement of insulin in T2DM treatment progression. Our hypothesis was that earlier use of insulin produces clinical and cost benefits due to its superior efficacy and treatment scalability at an acceptable cost when considered over a 5-year period. To (a) estimate clinical and payer cost outcomes of initiating insulin treatment for patients with T2DM earlier in their treatment progression and (b) estimate clinical and payer cost outcomes resulting from delays in escalating treatment for T2DM when indicated by patient hemoglobin A1c levels. We developed a Monte Carlo microsimulation model to estimate patients reaching target A1c, diabetes-related complications, mortality, and associated costs under various treatment strategies for newly diagnosed patients with T2DM. Treatment efficacies were modeled from results of randomized clinical trials, including the time and rate of A1c drift. A typical treatment progression was selected based on the American Diabetes Association and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes guidelines as the standard of care (SOC). Two treatment approaches were evaluated: two-stage insulin (basal plus antidiabetics followed by biphasic plus metformin) and single-stage insulin (biphasic plus metformin). For each approach, we analyzed multiple strategies. For each analysis, treatment steps were sequentially and cumulatively removed from the SOC until only the insulin steps remained. Delays in escalating treatment were evaluated by increasing the minimum time on a treatment within each strategy. The analysis time frame was 5 years. Relative to SOC, the two-stage insulin approach resulted in 0.10% to 1.79% more patients achieving target A1c (<7.0%), at incremental costs of $95 to $3,267. (The ranges are due to the different strategies within the approach.) With the single-stage approach, 0.50% to 2.63% more patients achieved the target A1c compared with SOC at an incremental cost of -$1,642 to $1,177. Major diabetes-related complications were reduced by 0.38% to 17.46% using the two-stage approach and 0.72% to 25.92% using the single-stage approach. Severe hypoglycemia increased by 17.97% to 60.43% using the two-stage approach and 6.44% to 68.87% using the single-stage approach. In the base case scenario, the minimum time on a specific treatment was 3 months. When the minimum time on each treatment was increased to 12 months (i.e., delayed), patients reaching A1c targets were reduced by 57%, complications increased by 13% to 76%, and mortality increased by 8% over 5 years when compared with the base case for the SOC. However, severe hypoglycemic events were reduced by 83%. As insulin was advanced earlier in therapy in the two-stage and single-stage approaches, patients reaching their A1c targets increased, severe hypoglycemic events increased, and diabetes-related complications and mortality decreased. Cost savings were estimated for 3 (of 4) strategies in the single-stage approach. Delays in treatment escalation substantially reduced patients reaching target A1c levels and increased the occurrence of major nonhypoglycemic diabetic complications. With the exception of substantial increases in severe hypoglycemic events, earlier use of insulin mitigates the clinical consequences of these delays.

Chronological changes in lung cancer surgery in a single Japanese institution

PubMed Central

Nakamura, Haruhiko; Sakai, Hiroki; Kimura, Hiroyuki; Miyazawa, Tomoyuki; Marushima, Hideki; Saji, Hisashi

2017-01-01

Background The aim of this study was to evaluate the chronological changes in epidemiological factors and surgical outcomes in patients with lung cancer who underwent surgery in a single Japanese institution. Patients and methods A clinicopathological database of patients with lung cancer who underwent surgery with curative intent from January 1974 to December 2014 was reviewed. The chronological changes in various factors, including patient’s age, sex, histological type, tumor size, pathological stage (p-stage), surgical method, operative time, intraoperative blood loss, 30-day mortality, and postoperative overall survival (OS), were evaluated. Results A total of 1,616 patients were included. The numbers of resected patients, females, adenocarcinomas, p-stage IA patients, and age at the time of surgery increased with time, but tumor size decreased (all P<0.0001). Concerning surgical methods, the number of sublobar resections increased, but that of pneumonectomies decreased (P<0.0001). The mean operative time, intraoperative blood loss, and the postoperative 30-day mortality rate decreased (all P<0.0001). When the patients were divided into two groups (1974–2004 and 2005–2014), the 5-year OS rates for all patients and for p-stage IA patients improved from 44% to 79% and from 73% to 89%, respectively (all P<0.0001). The best 5-year OS rate was obtained for sublobar resection (73%), followed by lobectomy (60%), combined resection (22%), and pneumonectomy (21%; P<0.0001). Conclusion Changes in epidemiological factors, a trend toward less invasive surgery, and a remarkably improved postoperative OS were confirmed, which demonstrated the increasingly important role of surgery in therapeutic strategies for lung cancer. PMID:28331339

A portable high-power diode laser-based single-stage ceramic tile grout sealing system

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lawrence, J.; Schmidt, M. J. J.; Li, L.; Edwards, R. E.; Gale, A. W.

2002-02-01

By means of a 60 W high-power diode laser (HPDL) and a specially developed grout material the void between adjoining ceramic tiles has been successfully sealed. A single-stage process has been developed which uses a crushed ceramic tile mix to act as a tough, inexpensive bulk substrate and a glazed enamel surface to provide an impervious surface glaze. The single-stage ceramic tile grout sealing process yielded seals produced in normal atmospheric conditions that displayed no discernible cracks and porosities. The single-stage grout is simple to formulate and easy to apply. Tiles were successfully sealed with power densities as low as 200 kW/ mm2 and at rates of up to 600 mm/ min. Bonding of the enamel to the crushed ceramic tile mix was identified as being primarily due to van der Waals forces and, on a very small scale, some of the crushed ceramic tile mix material dissolving into the glaze. In terms of mechanical, physical and chemical characteristics, the single-stage ceramic tile grout was found to be far superior to the conventional epoxy tile grout and, in many instances, matched and occasionally surpassed that of the ceramic tiles themselves. What is more, the development of a hand-held HPDL beam delivery unit and the related procedures necessary to lead to the commercialisation of the single-stage ceramic tile grout sealing process are presented. Further, an appraisal of the potential hazards associated with the use of the HPDL in an industrial environment and the solutions implemented to ensure that the system complies with the relevant safety standards are given.

Autoimmune gastritis: histology phenotype and OLGA staging.

PubMed

Rugge, M; Fassan, M; Pizzi, M; Zorzetto, V; Maddalo, G; Realdon, S; De Bernard, M; Betterle, C; Cappellesso, R; Pennelli, G; de Boni, M; Farinati, F

2012-06-01

Among Western populations, the declining incidence of Helicobacter pylori infection coincides with a growing clinical impact of autoimmune gastritis. To describe the histological phenotype of autoimmune gastritis, also to test the prognostic impact of OLGA staging in the autoimmune setting. A single-institutional series (spanning the years 2003-2011) of 562 consecutive patients (M:F ratio: 1:3.7; mean age = 57.6 ± 14.4 years) with serologically confirmed autoimmune gastritis underwent histology review and OLGA staging. Helicobacter pylori infection was ascertained histologically in 44/562 cases (7.8%). Forty six biopsy sets (8.2%) featured OLGA stages III-IV; they included all four cases of incidental epithelial neoplasia (three intraepithelial and one invasive; three of these four cases had concomitant H. pylori infection). There were 230 (40.9%) and 139 (24.7%) cases, respectively, of linear and micro-nodular enterochromaffin-like cell hyperplasia; 19 (3.4%) type I carcinoids were detected. The series included 116 patients who underwent repeated endoscopy/biopsy sampling (mean time elapsing between the two procedures = 54 months; range 24-108). Paired histology showed a significant (P = 0.009) trend towards a stage progression [the stage increased in 25/116 cases (22%); it remained unchanged in 87/116 cases (75%)]. In autoimmune gastritis, the cancer risk is restricted to high-risk gastritis stages (III-IV), and is associated mainly with concomitant H. pylori infection. OLGA staging consistently depicts the time-dependent organic progression of the autoimmune disease and provides key information for secondary gastric cancer prevention strategies. © 2012 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.

Single-staged uniportal VATS in the supine position for simultaneous bilateral primary spontaneous pneumothorax.

PubMed

Kim, Kyung Soo

2017-05-15

Simultaneous bilateral primary spontaneous pneumothorax (SBPSP) is rare, but requires surgery on both sides, in patients with definite bilateral bullae to prevent life-threatening conditions. Recently, uniportal video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) has been widely accepted as a less invasive technique for the treatment of pneumothorax. Thus, we introduced single-staged uniportal VATS technique in the supine position, for the management of two cases of SBPSP. A 17-year-old boy presented with bilateral spontaneous pneumothorax and he underwent single-staged uniportal VATS in the supine position. Single wide draping in consecutive bilateral approaches removes the needs of changing patients' position. Whole thoracoscopic procedure for wedge resection of bullae lesions was conducted without difficulty. The total operation time took 65 min and the patient discharged 3 days after the operation. The patient was followed for 24 months without recurrence of both sides. Another 18-year-old boy was admitted with bilateral spontaneous pneumothorax and single-staged uniportal VATS was also performed in the supine position. The total operation time took 79 min and the patient discharged on postoperative day 4. He was followed for 19 months without recurrence of both sides. Single-staged uniportal VATS approach yielded satisfactory results from simplicity that not requires position change compared to conventional multi-ports VATS in the lateral position, and with better cosmetics. This technique is thought to be a feasible procedure in selective patients with SBPSP or with contralateral bullae for preventive role.

Anterior Urethral Advancement as a Single-Stage Technique for Repair of Anterior Hypospadias: Our Experience.

PubMed

Gite, Venkat A; Nikose, Jayant V; Bote, Sachin M; Patil, Saurabh R

2017-07-02

Many techniques have been described to correct anterior hypospadias with variable results. Anterior urethral advancement as one stage technique was first described by Ti Chang Shing in 1984. It was also used for the repair of strictures and urethrocutaneous fistulae involving distal urethra. We report our experience of using this technique with some modification for the repair of anterior hypospadias. In the period between 2013-2015, 20 cases with anterior hypospadias including 2 cases of glanular, 3 cases of coronal, 12 cases of subcoronal and 3 cases of distal penile hypospadias were treated with anterior urethral advancement technique. Patients' age groups ranged from 18 months to 10 years. Postoperatively, patients were passing urine from tip of neomeatus with satisfactory stream during follow up period of 6 months to 2 years. There were no major complications in any of our patients except in one patient who developed meatal stenosis which was treated by periodic dilatation. Three fold urethral mobilization was sufficient in all cases. Anterior urethral advancement technique is a single-stage procedure with good cosmetic results and least complications for anterior hypospadias repair in properly selected cases.

A new technique for high performance tandem time-of- flight mass spectrometry

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Katz, Daniel Louis

2001-08-01

The main result of this written dissertation is a mathematical solution to the problem of multiplex recording for high performance tandem time-of-flight mass spectrometry. The prescription is to use a time-lag accelerator in the second stage to match the ion optical properties of the decay fragments to the requirements of the electrostatic ion mirror. With this technique the ion mirror is able to focus the full mass range of fragment ions at a single voltage setting, permitting acquisition of the entire mass spectrum from a single ionization event. This work was performed in support of a joint project carried out by researchers at Oregon State University and The University of Uppsala, Sweden, to design, build and test a tandem instrument featuring precision selection of the precursor species in the first stage of the spectrometer, a means of fragmenting the precursor species, and multiplex recording of the resulting fragment spectrum in the second stage. A patent application has been filed on the complete instrument with the United States Patent Office, a copy of which has been included as an appendix, and a prototype of that instrument has been constructed and awaits testing at Oregon State University.

HIV prevention in single, urban women: condom-use readiness.

PubMed

Morrison-Beedy, D; Lewis, B P

2001-01-01

To understand women's readiness to use condoms and their perceived pros and cons for condom use. Comparative, descriptive design guided by the Transtheoretical Model. Data were collected at two urban primary health care centers in western New York. 364 single urban women with steady (main) or other (casual, concurrent, multiple, new) sexual partners. Most participants were young (mean age of 27 years), economically disadvantaged women of color. Each participant completed an anonymous questionnaire that included items for the stage of change algorithm, decisional balance of the pros and cons of condom use, sexual history, and HIV risk information. Most women were in the early stages of change (not intending to use condoms), but those with other partners were further along in the stages of change for condom use than those with steady partners. The pros or advantages of condom use differed for these women depending on partner type. The change in the balance between the pros and cons occurred as theoretically predicted for women with steady and other partners. Effectiveness of HIV prevention interventions for women may be enhanced if they are tailored to both readiness to change and partner type.

Meta-Analysis in Genome-Wide Association Datasets: Strategies and Application in Parkinson Disease

PubMed Central

Evangelou, Evangelos; Maraganore, Demetrius M.; Ioannidis, John P.A.

2007-01-01

Background Genome-wide association studies hold substantial promise for identifying common genetic variants that regulate susceptibility to complex diseases. However, for the detection of small genetic effects, single studies may be underpowered. Power may be improved by combining genome-wide datasets with meta-analytic techniques. Methodology/Principal Findings Both single and two-stage genome-wide data may be combined and there are several possible strategies. In the two-stage framework, we considered the options of (1) enhancement of replication data and (2) enhancement of first-stage data, and then, we also considered (3) joint meta-analyses including all first-stage and second-stage data. These strategies were examined empirically using data from two genome-wide association studies (three datasets) on Parkinson disease. In the three strategies, we derived 12, 5, and 49 single nucleotide polymorphisms that show significant associations at conventional levels of statistical significance. None of these remained significant after conservative adjustment for the number of performed analyses in each strategy. However, some may warrant further consideration: 6 SNPs were identified with at least 2 of the 3 strategies and 3 SNPs [rs1000291 on chromosome 3, rs2241743 on chromosome 4 and rs3018626 on chromosome 11] were identified with all 3 strategies and had no or minimal between-dataset heterogeneity (I2 = 0, 0 and 15%, respectively). Analyses were primarily limited by the suboptimal overlap of tested polymorphisms across different datasets (e.g., only 31,192 shared polymorphisms between the two tier 1 datasets). Conclusions/Significance Meta-analysis may be used to improve the power and examine the between-dataset heterogeneity of genome-wide association studies. Prospective designs may be most efficient, if they try to maximize the overlap of genotyping platforms and anticipate the combination of data across many genome-wide association studies. PMID:17332845

High speed preamplifier circuit, detection electronics, and radiation detection systems therefrom

DOEpatents

Riedel, Richard A [Knoxville, TN; Wintenberg, Alan L [Knoxville, TN; Clonts, Lloyd G [Knoxville, TN; Cooper, Ronald G [Oak Ridge, TN

2010-09-21

A preamplifier circuit for processing a signal provided by a radiation detector includes a transimpedance amplifier coupled to receive a current signal from a detector and generate a voltage signal at its output. A second amplification stage has an input coupled to an output of the transimpedance amplifier for providing an amplified voltage signal. Detector electronics include a preamplifier circuit having a first and second transimpedance amplifier coupled to receive a current signal from a first and second location on a detector, respectively, and generate a first and second voltage signal at respective outputs. A second amplification stage has an input coupled to an output of the transimpedance amplifiers for amplifying the first and said second voltage signals to provide first and second amplified voltage signals. A differential output stage is coupled to the second amplification stage for receiving the first and second amplified voltage signals and providing a pair of outputs from each of the first and second amplified voltage signals. Read out circuitry has an input coupled to receive both of the pair of outputs, the read out circuitry having structure for processing each of the pair of outputs, and providing a single digital output having a time-stamp therefrom.

Bridging the gap

PubMed Central

Mahler, Stephen M; Huang, Edwin P; Chin, David Y; Gray, Peter P

2011-01-01

Therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) currently dominate the biologics marketplace. Development of a new therapeutic mAb candidate is a complex, multistep process and early stages of development typically begin in an academic research environment. Recently, a number of facilities and initiatives have been launched to aid researchers along this difficult path and facilitate progression of the next mAb blockbuster. Complementing this, there has been a renewed interest from the pharmaceutical industry to reconnect with academia in order to boost dwindling pipelines and encourage innovation. In this review, we examine the steps required to take a therapeutic mAb from discovery through early stage preclinical development and toward becoming a feasible clinical candidate. Discussion of the technologies used for mAb discovery, production in mammalian cells and innovations in single-use bioprocessing is included. We also examine regulatory requirements for product quality and characterization that should be considered at the earliest stages of mAb development. We provide details on the facilities available to help researchers and small-biotech build value into early stage product development, and include examples from within our own facility of how technologies are utilized and an analysis of our client base. PMID:21822050

Radiation detection system

DOEpatents

Riedel, Richard A [Knoxville, TN; Wintenberg, Alan L [Knoxville, TN; Clonts, Lloyd G [Knoxville, TN; Cooper, Ronald G [Oak Ridge, TN

2012-02-14

A preamplifier circuit for processing a signal provided by a radiation detector includes a transimpedance amplifier coupled to receive a current signal from a detector and generate a voltage signal at its output. A second amplification stage has an input coupled to an output of the transimpedance amplifier for providing an amplified voltage signal. Detector electronics include a preamplifier circuit having a first and second transimpedance amplifier coupled to receive a current signal from a first and second location on a detector, respectively, and generate a first and second voltage signal at respective outputs. A second amplification stage has an input coupled to an output of the transimpedance amplifiers for amplifying the first and said second voltage signals to provide first and second amplified voltage signals. A differential output stage is coupled to the second amplification stage for receiving the first and second amplified voltage signals and providing a pair of outputs from each of the first and second amplified voltage signals. Read out circuitry has an input coupled to receive both of the pair of outputs, the read out circuitry having structure for processing each of the pair of outputs, and providing a single digital output having a time-stamp therefrom.

Ambient temperature cadmium zinc telluride radiation detector and amplifier circuit

DOEpatents

McQuaid, James H.; Lavietes, Anthony D.

1998-05-29

A low noise, low power consumption, compact, ambient temperature signal amplifier for a Cadmium Zinc Telluride (CZT) radiation detector. The amplifier can be used within a larger system (e.g., including a multi-channel analyzer) to allow isotopic analysis of radionuclides in the field. In one embodiment, the circuit stages of the low power, low noise amplifier are constructed using integrated circuit (IC) amplifiers , rather than discrete components, and include a very low noise, high gain, high bandwidth dual part preamplification stage, an amplification stage, and an filter stage. The low noise, low power consumption, compact, ambient temperature amplifier enables the CZT detector to achieve both the efficiency required to determine the presence of radio nuclides and the resolution necessary to perform isotopic analysis to perform nuclear material identification. The present low noise, low power, compact, ambient temperature amplifier enables a CZT detector to achieve resolution of less than 3% full width at half maximum at 122 keV for a Cobalt-57 isotope source. By using IC circuits and using only a single 12 volt supply and ground, the novel amplifier provides significant power savings and is well suited for prolonged portable in-field use and does not require heavy, bulky power supply components.

Cutaneous Lymphoma International Consortium Study of Outcome in Advanced Stages of Mycosis Fungoides and Sézary Syndrome: Effect of Specific Prognostic Markers on Survival and Development of a Prognostic Model

PubMed Central

Scarisbrick, Julia J.; Prince, H. Miles; Vermeer, Maarten H.; Quaglino, Pietro; Horwitz, Steven; Porcu, Pierluigi; Stadler, Rudolf; Wood, Gary S.; Beylot-Barry, Marie; Pham-Ledard, Anne; Foss, Francine; Girardi, Michael; Bagot, Martine; Michel, Laurence; Battistella, Maxime; Guitart, Joan; Kuzel, Timothy M.; Martinez-Escala, Maria Estela; Estrach, Teresa; Papadavid, Evangelia; Antoniou, Christina; Rigopoulos, Dimitis; Nikolaou, Vassilki; Sugaya, Makoto; Miyagaki, Tomomitsu; Gniadecki, Robert; Sanches, José Antonio; Cury-Martins, Jade; Miyashiro, Denis; Servitje, Octavio; Muniesa, Cristina; Berti, Emilio; Onida, Francesco; Corti, Laura; Hodak, Emilia; Amitay-Laish, Iris; Ortiz-Romero, Pablo L.; Rodríguez-Peralto, Jose L.; Knobler, Robert; Porkert, Stefanie; Bauer, Wolfgang; Pimpinelli, Nicola; Grandi, Vieri; Cowan, Richard; Rook, Alain; Kim, Ellen; Pileri, Alessandro; Patrizi, Annalisa; Pujol, Ramon M.; Wong, Henry; Tyler, Kelly; Stranzenbach, Rene; Querfeld, Christiane; Fava, Paolo; Maule, Milena; Willemze, Rein; Evison, Felicity; Morris, Stephen; Twigger, Robert; Talpur, Rakhshandra; Kim, Jinah; Ognibene, Grant; Li, Shufeng; Tavallaee, Mahkam; Hoppe, Richard T.; Duvic, Madeleine; Whittaker, Sean J.; Kim, Youn H.

2015-01-01

Purpose Advanced-stage mycosis fungoides (MF; stage IIB to IV) and Sézary syndrome (SS) are aggressive lymphomas with a median survival of 1 to 5 years. Clinical management is stage based; however, there is wide range of outcome within stages. Published prognostic studies in MF/SS have been single-center trials. Because of the rarity of MF/SS, only a large collaboration would power a study to identify independent prognostic markers. Patients and Methods Literature review identified the following 10 candidate markers: stage, age, sex, cutaneous histologic features of folliculotropism, CD30 positivity, proliferation index, large-cell transformation, WBC/lymphocyte count, serum lactate dehydrogenase, and identical T-cell clone in blood and skin. Data were collected at specialist centers on patients diagnosed with advanced-stage MF/SS from 2007. Each parameter recorded at diagnosis was tested against overall survival (OS). Results Staging data on 1,275 patients with advanced MF/SS from 29 international sites were included for survival analysis. The median OS was 63 months, with 2- and 5-year survival rates of 77% and 52%, respectively. The median OS for patients with stage IIB disease was 68 months, but patients diagnosed with stage III disease had slightly improved survival compared with patients with stage IIB, although patients diagnosed with stage IV disease had significantly worse survival (48 months for stage IVA and 33 months for stage IVB). Of the 10 variables tested, four (stage IV, age > 60 years, large-cell transformation, and increased lactate dehydrogenase) were independent prognostic markers for a worse survival. Combining these four factors in a prognostic index model identified the following three risk groups across stages with significantly different 5-year survival rates: low risk (68%), intermediate risk (44%), and high risk (28%). Conclusion To our knowledge, this study includes the largest cohort of patients with advanced-stage MF/SS and identifies markers with independent prognostic value, which, used together in a prognostic index, may be useful to stratify advanced-stage patients. PMID:26438120

Cutaneous Lymphoma International Consortium Study of Outcome in Advanced Stages of Mycosis Fungoides and Sézary Syndrome: Effect of Specific Prognostic Markers on Survival and Development of a Prognostic Model.

PubMed

Scarisbrick, Julia J; Prince, H Miles; Vermeer, Maarten H; Quaglino, Pietro; Horwitz, Steven; Porcu, Pierluigi; Stadler, Rudolf; Wood, Gary S; Beylot-Barry, Marie; Pham-Ledard, Anne; Foss, Francine; Girardi, Michael; Bagot, Martine; Michel, Laurence; Battistella, Maxime; Guitart, Joan; Kuzel, Timothy M; Martinez-Escala, Maria Estela; Estrach, Teresa; Papadavid, Evangelia; Antoniou, Christina; Rigopoulos, Dimitis; Nikolaou, Vassilki; Sugaya, Makoto; Miyagaki, Tomomitsu; Gniadecki, Robert; Sanches, José Antonio; Cury-Martins, Jade; Miyashiro, Denis; Servitje, Octavio; Muniesa, Cristina; Berti, Emilio; Onida, Francesco; Corti, Laura; Hodak, Emilia; Amitay-Laish, Iris; Ortiz-Romero, Pablo L; Rodríguez-Peralto, Jose L; Knobler, Robert; Porkert, Stefanie; Bauer, Wolfgang; Pimpinelli, Nicola; Grandi, Vieri; Cowan, Richard; Rook, Alain; Kim, Ellen; Pileri, Alessandro; Patrizi, Annalisa; Pujol, Ramon M; Wong, Henry; Tyler, Kelly; Stranzenbach, Rene; Querfeld, Christiane; Fava, Paolo; Maule, Milena; Willemze, Rein; Evison, Felicity; Morris, Stephen; Twigger, Robert; Talpur, Rakhshandra; Kim, Jinah; Ognibene, Grant; Li, Shufeng; Tavallaee, Mahkam; Hoppe, Richard T; Duvic, Madeleine; Whittaker, Sean J; Kim, Youn H

2015-11-10

Advanced-stage mycosis fungoides (MF; stage IIB to IV) and Sézary syndrome (SS) are aggressive lymphomas with a median survival of 1 to 5 years. Clinical management is stage based; however, there is wide range of outcome within stages. Published prognostic studies in MF/SS have been single-center trials. Because of the rarity of MF/SS, only a large collaboration would power a study to identify independent prognostic markers. Literature review identified the following 10 candidate markers: stage, age, sex, cutaneous histologic features of folliculotropism, CD30 positivity, proliferation index, large-cell transformation, WBC/lymphocyte count, serum lactate dehydrogenase, and identical T-cell clone in blood and skin. Data were collected at specialist centers on patients diagnosed with advanced-stage MF/SS from 2007. Each parameter recorded at diagnosis was tested against overall survival (OS). Staging data on 1,275 patients with advanced MF/SS from 29 international sites were included for survival analysis. The median OS was 63 months, with 2- and 5-year survival rates of 77% and 52%, respectively. The median OS for patients with stage IIB disease was 68 months, but patients diagnosed with stage III disease had slightly improved survival compared with patients with stage IIB, although patients diagnosed with stage IV disease had significantly worse survival (48 months for stage IVA and 33 months for stage IVB). Of the 10 variables tested, four (stage IV, age > 60 years, large-cell transformation, and increased lactate dehydrogenase) were independent prognostic markers for a worse survival. Combining these four factors in a prognostic index model identified the following three risk groups across stages with significantly different 5-year survival rates: low risk (68%), intermediate risk (44%), and high risk (28%). To our knowledge, this study includes the largest cohort of patients with advanced-stage MF/SS and identifies markers with independent prognostic value, which, used together in a prognostic index, may be useful to stratify advanced-stage patients. © 2015 by American Society of Clinical Oncology.

Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Outcomes After the Comprehensive Stage II Procedure in Patients With Single Ventricles.

PubMed

Gomez, Daniel; Duffy, Vicky; Hersey, Diane; Backes, Carl; Rycus, Peter; McConnell, Patrick; Voss, Jordan; Galantowicz, Mark; Cua, Clifford L

2017-01-01

Outcomes for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) have been described for patients with single ventricle physiology (SVP) undergoing cavopulmonary connection (Glenn procedure). An alternative surgical pathway for patients with SVP consists of an initial hybrid procedure followed by a comprehensive Stage II procedure. No data exist describing the outcomes of patients requiring ECMO after the comprehensive Stage II procedure. The goal of this study is to describe the outcomes for patients who required ECMO after the comprehensive Stage II procedure. Data from the Extracorporeal Life Support Organization (ELSO) registry from 2001 to 2015 for children undergoing the comprehensive Stage II procedure older than 3 months of age were retrospectively analyzed. Demographics and ECMO characteristics were recorded. A total of six children required ECMO support after the comprehensive Stage II procedure (2 males, 4 females). Four patients had the diagnosis of hypoplastic left heart syndrome and two patients had the diagnosis of an unbalanced atrioventricular septal defect. Bypass time was 242.8 ± 110.9 min and cross-clamp time was 91.2 ± 46.2 min for the surgical procedure. Weight was 5.8 ± 1.3 kg and age was 150.2 + 37.9 days at time of ECMO. ECMO duration was 276.0 ± 218.1 h. Complications during the ECMO run included hemorrhage in four patients (67%), renal dysfunction in two patients (33%), and neurologic injury in two patients (33%). Four patients (67%) were discharged alive after ECMO decannulation. Despite being a much more extensive surgical procedure, the morbidity and mortality after ECMO in patients undergoing the comprehensive Stage II procedure are similar to those in patients undergoing the Glenn procedure. If needed, ECMO support is reasonable for patients after the comprehensive Stage II procedure. © 2016 International Center for Artificial Organs and Transplantation and Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Single-Stage Ear Reconstruction and Hearing Restoration Using Polyethylene Implant and Implantable Hearing Devices.

PubMed

Hempel, John Martin

2015-12-01

The use of porous polyethylene in reconstructive surgery of the auricle is becoming increasingly accepted. This is a single-stage procedure providing pleasing cosmetic rehabilitation. Further advantages are the possibility of early implantation and the lack of complications caused by harvesting costal cartilage. Additional hearing restoration using middle ear implants allows functional rehabilitation at an early stage. Thieme Medical Publishers 333 Seventh Avenue, New York, NY 10001, USA.

Recommendations for Initial Evaluation, Staging, and Response Assessment of Hodgkin and Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma: The Lugano Classification

PubMed Central

Cheson, Bruce D.; Fisher, Richard I.; Barrington, Sally F.; Cavalli, Franco; Schwartz, Lawrence H.; Zucca, Emanuele; Lister, T. Andrew

2014-01-01

The purpose of this work was to modernize recommendations for evaluation, staging, and response assessment of patients with Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). A workshop was held at the 11th International Conference on Malignant Lymphoma in Lugano, Switzerland, in June 2011, that included leading hematologists, oncologists, radiation oncologists, pathologists, radiologists, and nuclear medicine physicians, representing major international lymphoma clinical trials groups and cancer centers. Clinical and imaging subcommittees presented their conclusions at a subsequent workshop at the 12th International Conference on Malignant Lymphoma, leading to revised criteria for staging and of the International Working Group Guidelines of 2007 for response. As a result, fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET)–computed tomography (CT) was formally incorporated into standard staging for FDG-avid lymphomas. A modification of the Ann Arbor descriptive terminology will be used for anatomic distribution of disease extent, but the suffixes A or B for symptoms will only be included for HL. A bone marrow biopsy is no longer indicated for the routine staging of HL and most diffuse large B-cell lymphomas. However, regardless of stage, general practice is to treat patients based on limited (stages I and II, nonbulky) or advanced (stage III or IV) disease, with stage II bulky disease considered as limited or advanced disease based on histology and a number of prognostic factors. PET-CT will be used to assess response in FDG-avid histologies using the 5-point scale. The product of the perpendicular diameters of a single node can be used to identify progressive disease. Routine surveillance scans are discouraged. These recommendations should improve evaluation of patients with lymphoma and enhance the ability to compare outcomes of clinical trials. PMID:25113753

Single organ metastatic disease and local disease status, prognostic factors for overall survival in stage IV non-small cell lung cancer: Results from a population-based study.

PubMed

Hendriks, L E; Derks, J L; Postmus, P E; Damhuis, R A; Houben, R M A; Troost, E G C; Hochstenbag, M M; Smit, E F; Dingemans, A-M C

2015-11-01

To analyse the prognostic impact on overall survival (OS) of single versus multiple organ metastases, organ affected, and local disease status in a population based stage IV non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cohort. In this observational study, data were analysed of all histologically confirmed stage IV NSCLC patients diagnosed between 1 January 2006 and 31 December 2012 registered in the Netherlands Cancer Registry. Location of metastases before treatment was registered. Multivariable survival analyses [age, gender, histology, M-status, local disease status, number of involved organs, actual organ affected] were performed for all patients and for an (18)fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography ((18)FDG-PET)-staged subgroup. 11,094 patients were selected: 60% male, mean age 65 years, 73% adenocarcinoma. Median OS for 1 (N = 5676), 2 (N = 3280), and ⩾ 3 (N = 2138) metastatically affected organs was 6.7, 4.3, 2.8 months, respectively (p < 0.001). Hazard ratio (HR) for 2 versus 1 organ(s) was 1.33 (p < 0.001), for ⩾ 3 versus 1 organ(s) 1.91 (p < 0.001). Results were confirmed in the (18)FDG-PET-staged cohort (N = 1517): patients with single organ versus 2 and ⩾ 3 organ metastases had higher OS (8.6, 5.7, 3.8 months, HR 1.40 and 2.17, respectively, p < 0.001). In single organ metastases, OS for low versus high TN-status was 8.5 versus 6.5 months [HR 1.40 (p < 0 .001)]. (18)FDG-PET-staged single organ metastases patients with low TN-status had a superior OS than those with high TN-status (11.6 versus 8.2 months, HR 1.62, p < 0.001). Patients with single organ metastases stage IV NSCLC have a favourable prognosis, especially in combination with low TN status. They have to be regarded as a separate subgroup of stage IV disease. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Progress on 10 Kelvin cryo-cooled sapphire oscillator

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Wang, Rabi T.; Dick, G. John; Diener, William A.

2004-01-01

We present recent progress on the 10 Kelvin Cryocooled Sapphire Oscillator (10K CSO). Included are incorporation of a new pulse tube cryocooler, cryocooler vibration comparisons between G-M and pulse-tube types, phase noise, and frequency stability tests. For the advantage of a single stage pulse tube cryocooler, we also present results for a 40K Compensated Sapphire Oscillator (40K CSO).

Orifice Mass Flow Calculation in NASA's W-8 Single Stage Axial Compressor Facility

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Bozak, Richard F.

2018-01-01

Updates to the orifice mass flow calculation for the W-8 Single Stage Axial Compressor Facility at NASA Glenn Research Center are provided to include the effect of humidity and incorporate ISO 5167. A methodology for including the effect of humidity into the inlet orifice mass flow calculation is provided. Orifice mass flow calculations provided by ASME PTC-19.5-2004, ASME MFC-3M-2004, ASME Fluid Meters, and ISO 5167 are compared for W-8's atmospheric inlet orifice plate. Differences in expansion factor and discharge coefficient given by these standards give a variation of about +/- 75% mass flow except for a few cases. A comparison of the calculations with an inlet static pressure mass flow correlation and a fan exit mass flow integration using test data from a 2017 turbofan rotor test in W-8 show good agreement between the inlet static pressure mass flow correlation, ISO 5167, and ASME Fluid Meters. While W-8's atmospheric inlet orifice plate violates the pipe diameter limit defined by each of the standards, the ISO 5167 is chosen to be the primary orifice mass flow calculation to use in the W-8 facility.

Satisfactory knee function after single-stage posterolateral corner reconstruction in the multi-ligament injured/dislocated knee using the anatomic single-graft technique.

PubMed

Sanders, Thomas L; Johnson, Nick R; Pareek, Ayoosh; Krych, Aaron J; Marx, Robert G; Stuart, Michael J; Levy, Bruce A

2018-04-01

Increasing importance has been placed on the posterolateral corner (PLC) in maintaining varus and rotational stability of the knee. The goal of this study was to evaluate knee function and clinical stability following a single-graft PLC reconstruction technique and identify factors associated with poor knee function. This study identified patients with a multi-ligament knee injury between 2006 and 2013. Patients who received a single-graft fibular collateral ligament and PLC reconstruction with a single-stage surgery during the study period and had a minimum follow-up of 2 years after surgery were included. Functional outcomes were assessed using Lysholm and IKDC scores. Varus and rotational knee laxity and range of motion were assessed using physical examination. The final study cohort included 61 patients who underwent PLC reconstruction using a single-graft technique. The mean IKDC score was 74.1 (± 22.3) and the mean Lysholm score was 80.3 (± 21.8) at mean follow-up of 3.8 years (range 2-9 years). Mean range of motion at final follow-up measured from 0° to 126° [range flexion: 95-145, range extension: 0-5]. Fifty-eight patients (95%) had grade 0 varus laxity in full knee extension, and 54 patients (88.5%) had grade 0 varus laxity at 30° of knee flexion. Female gender was associated with a lower postoperative IKDC score (p = 0.04). Surgical treatment of the PLC using a single-graft technique can result in satisfactory knee function and stable physical examination findings at minimum 2 years after surgery. Female gender was predictive of poor knee function after PLC reconstruction. Surgical treatment of PLC injuries should be individualized based on the timing of surgery, specific injured knee structures, and physical examination findings. This study helps validate the use of a single-graft technique for PLC reconstruction and can be used to help counsel patients about expected knee function after surgical treatment of PLC injuries. Level of evidence IV.

Performance of CT scan of abdomen and pelvis in detecting asymptomatic synchronous metastasis in breast cancer.

PubMed

James, Justin; Teo, Melanie; Ramachandran, Vivekananda; Law, Michael; Stoney, David; Cheng, Michael

2017-10-01

In many centres in Australia, CT scan of abdomen and pelvis (CTAP) is a commonly used staging investigation to detect asymptomatic synchronous metastasis (ASM) in newly diagnosed breast cancer. However, its routine use is not supported by strong evidence either on its cost effectiveness or on specificity. Despite contrary recommendations by international guidelines this staging investigation is widely used among new early breast cancers(EBC). This retrospective study aims to assess the cost effectiveness and usefulness of CTAP in new breast cancers. All patients with primary invasive breast cancers who underwent breast cancer treatment through Eastern health breast unit during 50-month period from January 2012 were included in the study. All staging CTAP results were reviewed to evaluate its yield, false positive rate and cost of investigation per single positive result. Odds ratio for positive test results were calculated for five possible risk factors (Age less than 40 years, stage III disease, presence of LVI, HER2 positive disease and presence of metastasis in lymph node). 49% (n = 285) of all breast cancer patient underwent staging CTAP which lead to the detection of 4 ASM. (Over all yield of 1%) Overall false positive rate was 15% because of 42 indeterminate results needing further tests. Based merely on approved billing rates this amounted to $ 40733 per single ASM identified. Presence of lymph node metastasis did not increase the chance of positive test result (OR = 1.3; CI:0.13-12.69). Staging CTAP is associated with high incidence of false positive rates and low yield, especially among EBCs. It is desirable to choose this investigation more selectively than currently practiced. Crown Copyright © 2017. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Minimally Invasive, Single-Stage, Multilevel Surgery for Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Asian Patients.

PubMed

Lin, Hsin-Ching; Friedman, Michael; Chang, Hsueh-Wen; Bonzelaar, Lauren; Salapatas, Anna M; Lin, Meng-Chih; Huang, Kuo-Tung

2017-02-01

This study adds to the literature on the efficacy and low complication rates associated with minimally invasive, single-stage, multilevel surgery for Asian adults with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) for whom conservative treatment had failed. Overall, our experience has produced results that make this procedure an option for select patients with snoring and OSA. To investigate the effectiveness and safety of anatomy-based, minimally invasive, single-stage, multilevel surgery in the treatment of OSA in an Asian population. This retrospective study enrolled 59 consecutive patients with OSA from a tertiary academic medical center who had multilevel obstruction and unsuccessful conservative therapy and then underwent minimally invasive, single-stage, multilevel surgery. The subjective symptoms and objective polysomnographic findings were collected preoperatively and at a minimum of 3 months postoperatively. The Global Patient Assessment questionnaire was used to assess patient satisfaction after minimally invasive, single-stage, multilevel surgery. Scores on the Epworth Sleepiness Scale and bed partner evaluation of patient's snoring on a visual analog scale (scale of 0-10, with 0 indicating no snoring and 10 indicating the bed partner to leave the room or sleep separately, as assessed by the bed partner). The primary outcomes are a 50% decrease in bed partner's snoring visual analog scale level postoperatively and an improvement of 50% or more in apnea-hypopnea index by an at least 3-month follow-up. Adverse events and patient-reported quality measures were also assessed. Forty-seven patients (36 men and 11 women; mean [SD], 47.3 [10.9] years) with a minimum 3-month follow-up and complete data were included in the analysis. None of the patients had serious perioperative or postoperative complications. Three months postoperatively, the mean (SD) scores on the Epworth Sleepiness Scale and bed partner evaluation of patient's snoring on the visual analog scale decreased from 11.6 (4.3) to 9.2 (3.1), with a mean (SD) difference of -2.4 (3.7) (95% CI, -3.5 to -1.3), and 9.4 (1.5) to 3.9 (1.9), with a mean (SD) difference of -5.6 (2.0) (95% CI, -6.2 to -5.0), respectively. The mean (SD) apnea-hypopnea index and lowest oxygen saturation changed from 30.5 (18.8) to 26.0 (16.5), with a mean (SD) difference of -4.5 (14.1) (95% CI, -8.6 to -0.3), and 78.2% (9.9%) to 80.8% (8.2%), with a mean (SD) difference of +2.6 (8.7) (95% CI, 0-5.1), respectively. The surgical response rate was 46.8% (22 of 47 patients) (95% CI, 32.5%-61.1%). The success rate by the classic definition was 14.9% (7 of 47 patients) (95% CI, 6.2%-28.3%). This study reveals the improvement of the 2 relevant clinical outcomes in snoring severity and daytime sleepiness after minimally invasive, single-stage, multilevel surgery for patients with OSA but the limited effects on the polysomnographic parameters. Although the current role of minimally invasive, single-stage, multilevel surgery for Asian adults with OSA remains to be established, it is hoped that ongoing and future studies will solidify their role in the treatment of OSA.

Linguistic Knowledge at Early Stage I; Evidence from Successive Single Word Utterances. Papers and Reports on Child Language Development, No. 12.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Horgan, Dianne

A study was conducted to determine whether the child expresses linguistic knowledge during the single-word period. The order of mention in 65 sets of successive single-word utterances from five children at Stage 1, two to four years old, were analyzed. To elicit speech, the children were shown line drawings representing such situations as animate…

78 FR 4138 - Notice of Intent To Grant Co-Exclusive Licenses

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-01-18

... brine solution.//Patent Application Serial No. 13/426294: Process and apparatus for the selective dimerization of terpenes and alpha-olefin oligomers with a single-stage reactor and a single-stage fractionation system.//Patent Application Serial No. 13/426347: Process and apparatus for the selective...

Titanium nitride formation by a dual-stage femtosecond laser process

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hammouti, S.; Holybee, B.; Zhu, W.; Allain, J. P.; Jurczyk, B.; Ruzic, D. N.

2018-06-01

Formation of TiN by femtosecond laser processing in controlled gas atmosphere is reported. A dual-stage process was designed and aimed to first remove and restructure the native oxide layer of titanium surface through laser irradiation under an argon-controlled atmosphere, and then to maximize titanium nitride formation through an irradiation under a nitrogen reactive environment. An extensive XPS study was performed to identify and quantify laser-induced titanium surface chemistry modifications after a single-stage laser process (Ar and N2 individually), and a dual-stage laser process. The importance of each step that composes the dual-stage laser process was demonstrated and leads to the dual-stage laser process for the formation of TiO, Ti2O3 and TiN. In this study, the largest nitride formation occurs for the dual stage process with laser conditions at 4 W/1.3 J cm-2 under argon and 5 W/1.6 J cm-2 under nitrogen, yielding a total TiN composition of 8.9%. Characterization of both single-stage and dual-stage laser process-induced surface morphologies has been performed as well, leading to the observation of a wide range of hierarchical surface structures such as high-frequency ripples, grooves, protuberances and pillow-like patterns. Finally, water wettability was assessed by means of contact angle measurements on untreated titanium surface, and titanium surfaces resulting from either single-stage laser process or dual-stage laser process. Dual-stage laser process allows a transition of titanium surface, from phobic (93°) to philic (35°), making accessible both hydrophilic and chemically functionalized hierarchical surfaces.

Development of a Diagnostic Tool to Detect DNA Methylation Biomarkers for Early-Stage Lung Cancer

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-02-01

include: 1) a DNA recognition domain that recognizes the specific DNA sequence of interest and 2) one half of the leucine zipper pair. The second...piece will include 1) the second half of the leucine zipper pair, 2) a flexible linker flanked by a FRET pair that determines the local (within 30 bp...each other to determine the resolution of our probes. All DNA fragments are methylated using bacterial methyltransferase. Since only a single CG

An Equation of State for Polymethylpentene (TPX) including Multi-Shock Response

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Aslam, Tariq; Gustavsen, Richard; Sanchez, Nathaniel; Bartram, Brian

2011-06-01

The equation of state (EOS) of polymethylpentene (TPX) is examined through both single shock Hugoniot data as well as more recent multi-shock compression and release experiments. Results from the recent multi-shock experiments on LANL's 2-stage gas gun will be presented. A simple conservative Lagrangian numerical scheme utilizing total-variation-diminishing interpolation and an approximate Riemann solver will be presented as well as the methodology of calibration. It is shown that a simple Mie-Gruneisen EOS based off a Keane fitting form for the isentrope can replicate both the single shock and multi-shock experiments.

An equation of state for polymethylpentene (TPX) including multi-shock response

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Aslam, Tariq D.; Gustavsen, Rick; Sanchez, Nathaniel; Bartram, Brian D.

2012-03-01

The equation of state (EOS) of polymethylpentene (TPX) is examined through both single shock Hugoniot data as well as more recent multi-shock compression and release experiments. Results from the recent multi-shock experiments on LANL's two-stage gas gun will be presented. A simple conservative Lagrangian numerical scheme utilizing total variation diminishing interpolation and an approximate Riemann solver will be presented as well as the methodology of calibration. It is shown that a simple Mie-Grüneisen EOS based on a Keane fitting form for the isentrope can replicate both the single shock and multi-shock experiments.

Some Aspects of an Air-Core Single-Coil Magnetic Suspension System

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hamlet, Irvin L.; Kilgore, Robert A.

1966-01-01

This paper presents some of the technical aspects in the development at the Langley Research Center of an air-cove, dual-wound, single-coil, magnetic-suspension system with one-dimensional control. Overall electrical system design features and techniques are discussed in addition to the problems of control and stability. Special treatment is given to the operation of a dual-wound, high-current support coil which provides the bias fields and superimposed modulated field. Other designs features include a six-phase, solid-state power stage for modulation of the relatively large magnitude control current, and an associated six-phase trigger circuit.

Orbital transfer vehicle oxygen turbopump technology. Volume 1: Design, fabrication, and hydrostatic bearing testing

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Buckmann, P. S.; Hayden, W. R.; Lorenc, S. A.; Sabiers, R. L.; Shimp, N. R.

1990-01-01

The design, fabrication, and initial testing of a rocket engine turbopump (TPA) for the delivery of high pressure liquid oxygen using hot oxygen for the turbine drive fluid are described. This TPA is basic to the dual expander engine which uses both oxygen and hydrogen as working fluids. Separate tasks addressed the key issue of materials for this TPA. All materials selections emphasized compatibility with hot oxygen. The OX TPA design uses a two-stage centrifugal pump driven by a single-stage axial turbine on a common shaft. The design includes ports for three shaft displacement/speed sensors, various temperature measurements, and accelerometers.

A new gun facility dedicated to performing shock physics and terminal ballistics experiments

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zakraysek, Alan J.; Sutherland, Gerrit T.; Sandusky, Harold D.; Strange, David

2000-04-01

A new building has been constructed to house various powder and single-stage and two-stage gas guns at the Naval Surface Warfare Center, Indian Head Division. Guns previously located at the Naval Research Laboratory and the former White Oak Site of the Naval Surface Warfare Center have been relocated here. Most of the guns are mounted on moveable pedestals to allow them to be shot into various chambers. The facility includes a concrete blast chamber, a target chamber/catch tank for flyer plate experiments, and a target chamber outfitted for terminal ballistics measurements. This paper will discuss the capabilities of this new facility.

Single stage, low noise, advanced technology fan. Volume 5: Fan acoustics. Section 1: Results and analysis

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Jutras, R. R.

1976-01-01

The acoustic tests and data analysis for a 0.508-scale fan vehicle of a 111,300 newton (25,000 pound) thrust, full-size engine, which would have application on an advanced transport aircraft, is described. The single-stage advanced technology fan was designed to a pressure ratio of 1.8 at a tip speed of 503 m/sec (1,650 ft/sec) to achieve the desired pressure ratio in a single-stage fan with low radius ratio (0.38), and to maintain adequate stall margin. The fan has 44 tip-shrouded rotor blades and 90 outlet guide vanes. The two basic approaches taken in the acoustic design were: (1) minimization of noise at the source, and (2) suppression of the generated noise in the inlet and bypass exhaust duct. Suppression of the generated noise was accomplished in the inlet through use of the hybrid concept (wall acoustic treatment plus airflow acceleration suppression) and in the exhaust duct with extensive acoustic treatment including a splitter. The goal of the design was attainment of twenty effective perceived noise decibels (20 EPNdB) below current Federal Air Regulation noise standards for a full-scale fan at the takeoff, cutback, and approach conditions. The suppression goal of FAR 36-20 was not reached, but improvements in the technology of both front and aft fan-noise suppression were realized. The suppressed fan noise was shown to be consistent with the proposed federal regulation on aircraft noise.

Simultaneous Surgical Treatment of Congenital Spinal Deformity Associated with Intraspinal Anomalies

PubMed Central

Singrakhia, Manoj; Malewar, Nikhil; Deshmukh, Sonal; Deshmukh, Shivaji

2018-01-01

Study Design Prospective case series. Purpose To study the safety, efficacy, and long-term outcomes of single-stage surgical intervention for congenital spinal deformity and intraspinal anomalies. Overview of literature Congenital spinal deformities associated with intraspinal anomalies are usually treated sequentially, first by treating the intraspinal anomalies followed by deformity correction after a period of 3–6 months. Recently, a single-stage approach has been reported to show better postoperative results and reduced complication rates. Methods Thirty patients (23 females and seven males) were prospectively evaluated for the simultaneous surgical treatment of congenital spinal deformity with concurrent intraspinal anomalies from May 2006 to October 2016. The average age at presentation was 9.8±3.7 years, with the average follow-up duration being 49.06±8.6 months. Clinical records were evaluated for clinical, radiological, perioperative, and postoperative data. Results The average angle of deformity was 56.53°±25.22° preoperatively, 21.13°±14.34° postoperatively, and 23.93°±14.99° at the final follow-up. The average surgical time was 232.58±53.56 minutes (range, 100–330 minutes), with a mean blood loss of 1,587.09±439.09 mL (range, 100–2,300 mL). Conclusions Single stage surgical intervention for intraspinal anomalies with congenital spinal deformity correction, including adequate intra-operative wake-up test, is a viable option in appropriately selected patients and has minimum complication rates. PMID:29879774

Association of surgical approach with complication rate, progression-free survival time, and disease-specific survival time in cats with mammary adenocarcinoma: 107 cases (1991-2014).

PubMed

Gemignani, Francesco; Mayhew, Philipp D; Giuffrida, Michelle A; Palaigos, Jason; Runge, Jeffrey J; Holt, David E; Robertson, Nicholas A; Seguin, Bernard; Walker, Meaghan; Singh, Ameet; Liptak, Julius M; Romanelli, Giorgio; Martano, Marina; Boston, Sarah E; Lux, Cassie; Busetto, Roberto; Culp, William T N; Skorupski, Katherine A; Burton, Jenna H

2018-06-01

OBJECTIVE To evaluate potential associations between surgical approach and complication rate, progression-free survival time, and disease-specific survival time in cats with mammary adenocarcinoma. DESIGN Retrospective case series. ANIMALS 107 client-owned cats. PROCEDURES Medical records of cats that underwent surgical excision of mammary adenocarcinoma by means of a unilateral or bilateral (staged or single-session) mastectomy at 9 hospitals between 1991 and 2014 were reviewed. Relevant clinicopathologic data and details of surgical and adjuvant treatments were recorded. Outcome data were obtained, including postoperative complications, progression-free survival time, and disease-specific survival time. RESULTS Complications occurred in 12 of 61 (19.7%) cats treated with unilateral mastectomy, 5 of 14 (35.7%) cats treated with staged bilateral mastectomy, and 13 of 32 (40.6%) cats treated with single-session bilateral mastectomy. Complications were significantly more likely to occur in cats undergoing bilateral versus unilateral mastectomy. Median progression-free survival time was longer for cats treated with bilateral mastectomy (542 days) than for cats treated with unilateral mastectomy (289 days). Significant risk factors for disease progression included unilateral mastectomy, tumor ulceration, lymph node metastasis, and tumors arising in the fourth mammary gland. Significant risk factors for disease-specific death included lymph node metastasis and development of regional or distant metastasis. Among cats that did not develop metastasis, unilateral mastectomy was a significant risk factor for disease-specific death. Treatment with chemotherapy was associated with a significantly decreased risk of disease-specific death. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results supported bilateral mastectomy for the treatment of mammary adenocarcinoma in cats to improve progression-free and disease-specific survival time. Performing bilateral mastectomy in a staged fashion may help to decrease the complication rate.

Booster propulsion/vehicle impact study

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Weldon, Vincent; Dunn, Michael; Fink, Lawrence; Phillips, Dwight; Wetzel, Eric

1988-01-01

The use of hydrogen RP-1, propane, and methane as fuels for booster engines of launch vehicles is discussed. An automated procedure for integrated launch vehicle, engine sizing, and design optimization was used to define two stage and single stage concepts for minimum dry weight. The two stage vehicles were unmanned and used a flyback booster and partially reusable orbiter. The single stage designs were fully reusable, manned flyback vehicles. Comparisons of these vehicle designs, showing the effects of using different fuels, as well as sensitivity and trending data, are presented. In addition, the automated design technique utilized for the study is described.

160 W 800 fs Yb:YAG single crystal fiber amplifier without CPA.

PubMed

Markovic, Vesna; Rohrbacher, Andreas; Hofmann, Peter; Pallmann, Wolfgang; Pierrot, Simonette; Resan, Bojan

2015-10-05

We demonstrate a compact and simple two-stage Yb:YAG single crystal fiber amplifier which delivers 160 W average power, 800 fs pulses without chirped pulse amplification. This is the highest average power of femtosecond laser based on SCF. Additionally, we demonstrate the highest small signal gain of 32.5 dB from the SCF in the first stage and the highest extraction efficiency of 42% in the second stage. The excellent performance of the second stage was obtained using the bidirectional pumping scheme, which is applied to SCF for the first time.

A phasing and imputation method for pedigreed populations that results in a single-stage genomic evaluation

PubMed Central

2012-01-01

Background Efficient, robust, and accurate genotype imputation algorithms make large-scale application of genomic selection cost effective. An algorithm that imputes alleles or allele probabilities for all animals in the pedigree and for all genotyped single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) provides a framework to combine all pedigree, genomic, and phenotypic information into a single-stage genomic evaluation. Methods An algorithm was developed for imputation of genotypes in pedigreed populations that allows imputation for completely ungenotyped animals and for low-density genotyped animals, accommodates a wide variety of pedigree structures for genotyped animals, imputes unmapped SNP, and works for large datasets. The method involves simple phasing rules, long-range phasing and haplotype library imputation and segregation analysis. Results Imputation accuracy was high and computational cost was feasible for datasets with pedigrees of up to 25 000 animals. The resulting single-stage genomic evaluation increased the accuracy of estimated genomic breeding values compared to a scenario in which phenotypes on relatives that were not genotyped were ignored. Conclusions The developed imputation algorithm and software and the resulting single-stage genomic evaluation method provide powerful new ways to exploit imputation and to obtain more accurate genetic evaluations. PMID:22462519

A systematic review of the evidence for single stage and two stage revision of infected knee replacement

PubMed Central

2013-01-01

Background Periprosthetic infection about the knee is a devastating complication that may affect between 1% and 5% of knee replacement. With over 79 000 knee replacements being implanted each year in the UK, periprosthetic infection (PJI) is set to become an important burden of disease and cost to the healthcare economy. One of the important controversies in treatment of PJI is whether a single stage revision operation is superior to a two-stage procedure. This study sought to systematically evaluate the published evidence to determine which technique had lowest reinfection rates. Methods A systematic review of the literature was undertaken using the MEDLINE and EMBASE databases with the aim to identify existing studies that present the outcomes of each surgical technique. Reinfection rate was the primary outcome measure. Studies of specific subsets of patients such as resistant organisms were excluded. Results 63 studies were identified that met the inclusion criteria. The majority of which (58) were reports of two-stage revision. Reinfection rated varied between 0% and 41% in two-stage studies, and 0% and 11% in single stage studies. No clinical trials were identified and the majority of studies were observational studies. Conclusions Evidence for both one-stage and two-stage revision is largely of low quality. The evidence basis for two-stage revision is significantly larger, and further work into direct comparison between the two techniques should be undertaken as a priority. PMID:23895421

Divorce, Single Parenthood and Stepfamilies: Structural Implications of These Transactions.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Schulman, Gerda L.

1981-01-01

Focuses on change in the family structure during divorce as well as stages of single parenthood and the reconstituted family. Special characteristics of these families and tasks to be undertaken to enable the new unit to function are discussed. Suggests family therapy is helpful during the crisis stage. (Author)

The developmental transcriptome atlas of the spoon worm Urechis unicinctus (Echiurida: Annelida).

PubMed

Park, Chungoo; Han, Yong-Hee; Lee, Sung-Gwon; Ry, Kyoung-Bin; Oh, Jooseong; Kern, Elizabeth M A; Park, Joong-Ki; Cho, Sung-Jin

2018-03-01

Echiurida is one of the most intriguing major subgroups of annelida because, unlike most other annelids, echiurids lack metameric body segmentation as adults. For this reason, transcriptome analyses from various developmental stages of echiurid species can be of substantial value for understanding precise expression levels and the complex regulatory networks during early and larval development. A total of 914 million raw RNA-Seq reads were produced from 14 developmental stages of Urechis unicinctus and were de novo assembled into contigs spanning 63,928,225 bp with an N50 length of 2700 bp. The resulting comprehensive transcriptome database of the early developmental stages of U. unicinctus consists of 20,305 representative functional protein-coding transcripts. Approximately 66% of unigenes were assigned to superphylum-level taxa, including Lophotrochozoa (40%). The completeness of the transcriptome assembly was assessed using benchmarking universal single-copy orthologs; 75.7% of the single-copy orthologs were presented in our transcriptome database. We observed 3 distinct patterns of global transcriptome profiles from 14 developmental stages and identified 12,705 genes that showed dynamic regulation patterns during the differentiation and maturation of U. unicinctus cells. We present the first large-scale developmental transcriptome dataset of U. unicinctus and provide a general overview of the dynamics of global gene expression changes during its early developmental stages. The analysis of time-course gene expression data is a first step toward understanding the complex developmental gene regulatory networks in U. unicinctus and will furnish a valuable resource for analyzing the functions of gene repertoires in various developmental phases.

Investigation of Municipal Solid Waste to Alcohol Conversion for Army Use

DTIC Science & Technology

1992-03-01

fuel ethanol and other byproducts. To convert the cellulosic fraction of MSW to fermentable sugars, the first process uses a single stage of dilute acid...ethanol and other byproducts. To convert the cellulosic fraction of MSW to fermentable sugars, the first process uses a single stage of dilute acid...of the cellulosic fraction to produce fermentable sugars. The first process, developed by the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA), employs a single

The 20 GHz spacecraft FET solid state transmitter

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1983-01-01

The engineering development of a solid state transmitter amplifier operating in the 20 GHz frequency band using GaAs field effect transistors (FETs) was detailed. The major efforts include GaAs FET device development, single-ended amplifier stage, balanced amplifier stage, cascaded stage and radial combiner designs, and amplifier integration and test. A multistage GaAs FET amplifier capable of 8.2 W CW output over the 17.9 to 19.1 GHz frequency band was developed. The GaAs FET devices developed represent state of the art FET power device technology. Further device improvements are necessary to increase the bandwidth to 2.5 GHz, improve dc-to-RF efficiency, and increase power capability at the device level. Higher power devices will simplify the amplifier combining scheme, reducing the size and weight of the overall amplifier.

Performance improvement of a centrifugal compressor stage by using different vaned diffusers

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhang, Y. C.; Kong, X. Z.; Li, F.; Sun, W.; Chen, Q. G.

2013-12-01

The vaneless diffuser (VLD) is usually adopted in the traditional design of the multi-stage centrifugal compressor because of the stage's match problem. The drawback of the stage with vaneless diffusers is low efficiency. In order to increase the efficiency and at the same time, induce no significant decline in the operating range of the stage, three different types of vaned diffusers are designed and numerically investigated: the traditional vaned diffuser (TVD), the low-solidity cascade diffuser (LSD) and the partial-height vane diffuser (PVD). These three types of vaned diffusers have different influences on the performance of the centrifugal compressor. In the present investigation, the first part investigates the performance of a centrifugal compressor stage with three different vaned diffusers. The second part studies the influences of the height and the position of partial height vanes on the stage performance, and discusses the matching problem between the PVD and the downstream return channel. The stage investigated in this paper includes the impeller, the diffuser, the bend and the return channel. In the process of numerical investigation, the flow is assumed to be steady, and this process includes calculation and simulation. The calculation of 3-D turbulent flow in the stage uses the commercial CFD code NUMECA together with the Spalart-Allmaras turbulence model. The simulation of the computational region includes the impeller passages, the diffuser passages and return channel passages. The structure and surrounding region are assumed to have a perfect cyclic symmetry, so the single channel model and periodic boundary condition are applied at the middle of the passage, that is to reduce the calculation region to only one region. The investigation showed that the low-solidity cascade diffuser would be a better choice as a middle course for the first stage of the multistage centrifugal compressor. Besides, the influences of the height and the position of partial height vanes on the stage performance are intensively investigated and concluded at the design point, the isentropic efficiency and the static pressure ratio of the stage are improved with the increasing of the partial vane's height, and that installing the half-height vanes on the shroud side the stage would obtain a more uniform diffuser outflow and a better aerodynamic performance.

Management of clinical stage I testicular pure seminoma. Report on 42 patients and review of the literature.

PubMed

Porcaro, Antonio B; Antoniolli, Stefano Zecchini; Schiavone, Dionisio; Maffei, Nicola; Bassetto, Maria A; Curti, Pierpaolo

2002-06-01

Testis cancer is the most common tumor detected in men aged from 20 to 35 years accounting for 1-2%. About 20-30% of patients presenting with clinical stage I pure seminoma of the testis, which accounts for 45-50% of all germ cell tumors, present with occult metastases in the retroperitoneal lymph nodes. Currently, treatment options for clinical stage I seminoma include adjuvant radiotherapy (RT) as well as surveillance and adjuvant single agent chemotherapy. Herein, we review our experience in the management of 42 patients with clinical stage I pure seminoma of the testis and review the literature concerning this topic. Between January 1977 and December 2000, of 56 patients with pure seminoma of the testis 42 (75%) were assessed as clinical stage I disease. Adjuvant RT was performed in 41 patients and surveillance in 1. Radiations fields included the para-aortic and ipsilateral pelvic lymph nodes. A radiation dose of 25 Gy in 20 daily fractions was given. All patients were followed up. Average age was 41.2 years (range 24-67). Mean follow-up was 85.3 months (range 12-279). Histopathology assessed classic seminoma in 41 cases (98%) and spermatocytic seminoma in 1 (2%). Small vessel invasion was detected in 8 cases (19%). Overall relapse rate was 4.7%. Overall survival rate resulted 97%. Adjuvant radiotherapy (RT) is a safe standard of care in controlling microscopic retroperitoneal disease in patients with clinical stage I seminoma. About 3 to 5% of patients undergo relapses, mostly after the first 18 months after orchiectomy. Overall cause-specific survival rates range between 96% to 100%. An alternative optional treatment for compliant patients presenting with low risk factors for relapse is surveillance with recurrences rates ranging between 15% to 20%. Surveillance avoids unnecessary treatment in about 80% of patients, thus it could be offered as a safe alternative option to adjuvant RT since imaging detects relapses at their early stages. Adjuvant chemotherapy with 1 or 2 courses of single-agent carboplatin is being investigated as an alternative adjuvant treatment to RT or surveillance in patients with moderate to high risk factors for relapse. The treatment is well tolerated and recurrence rate is 1%.

Single-Cell RNA-Seq Analysis Maps Development of Human Germline Cells and Gonadal Niche Interactions.

PubMed

Li, Li; Dong, Ji; Yan, Liying; Yong, Jun; Liu, Xixi; Hu, Yuqiong; Fan, Xiaoying; Wu, Xinglong; Guo, Hongshan; Wang, Xiaoye; Zhu, Xiaohui; Li, Rong; Yan, Jie; Wei, Yuan; Zhao, Yangyu; Wang, Wei; Ren, Yixin; Yuan, Peng; Yan, Zhiqiang; Hu, Boqiang; Guo, Fan; Wen, Lu; Tang, Fuchou; Qiao, Jie

2017-06-01

Human fetal germ cells (FGCs) are precursors to sperm and eggs and are crucial for maintenance of the species. However, the developmental trajectories and heterogeneity of human FGCs remain largely unknown. Here we performed single-cell RNA-seq analysis of over 2,000 FGCs and their gonadal niche cells in female and male human embryos spanning several developmental stages. We found that female FGCs undergo four distinct sequential phases characterized by mitosis, retinoic acid signaling, meiotic prophase, and oogenesis. Male FGCs develop through stages of migration, mitosis, and cell-cycle arrest. Individual embryos of both sexes simultaneously contain several subpopulations, highlighting the asynchronous and heterogeneous nature of FGC development. Moreover, we observed reciprocal signaling interactions between FGCs and their gonadal niche cells, including activation of the bone morphogenic protein (BMP) and Notch signaling pathways. Our work provides key insights into the crucial features of human FGCs during their highly ordered mitotic, meiotic, and gametogenetic processes in vivo. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Strategies for obtaining long constant-pressure test times in shock tubes

DOE PAGES

Campbell, Matthew Frederick; Parise, T.; Tulgestke, A. M.; ...

2015-09-22

Several techniques have been developed for obtaining long, constant-pressure test times in reflected shock wave experiments in a shock tube, including the use of driver inserts, driver gas tailoring, helium gas diaphragm interfaces, driver extensions, and staged driver gas filling. Here, we detail these techniques, including discussion on the most recent strategy, staged driver gas filling. Experiments indicate that this staged filling strategy increases available test time by roughly 20 % relative to single-stage filling of tailored driver gas mixtures, while simultaneously reducing the helium required per shock by up to 85 %. This filling scheme involves firstly mixing amore » tailored helium–nitrogen mixture in the driver section as in conventional driver filling and, secondly, backfilling a low-speed-of-sound gas such as nitrogen or carbon dioxide from a port close to the end cap of the driver section. Using this staged driver gas filling, in addition to the other techniques listed above, post-reflected shock test times of up to 0.102 s (102 ms) at 524 K and 1.6 atm have been obtained. Spectroscopically based temperature measurements in non-reactive mixtures have confirmed that temperature and pressure conditions remain constant throughout the length of these long test duration trials. Finally, these strategies have been used to measure low-temperature n-heptane ignition delay times.« less

Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) applications in rocket propulsion analysis and design

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Mcconnaughey, P. K.; Garcia, R.; Griffin, L. W.; Ruf, J. H.

1993-01-01

Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) has been used in recent applications to affect subcomponent designs in liquid propulsion rocket engines. This paper elucidates three such applications for turbine stage, pump stage, and combustor chamber geometries. Details of these applications include the development of a high turning airfoil for a gas generator (GG) powered, liquid oxygen (LOX) turbopump, single-stage turbine using CFD as an integral part of the design process. CFD application to pump stage design has emphasized analysis of inducers, impellers, and diffuser/volute sections. Improvements in pump stage impeller discharge flow uniformity have been seen through CFD optimization on coarse grid models. In the area of combustor design, recent CFD analysis of a film cooled ablating combustion chamber has been used to quantify the interaction between film cooling rate, chamber wall contraction angle, and geometry and their effects of these quantities on local wall temperature. The results are currently guiding combustion chamber design and coolant flow rate for an upcoming subcomponent test. Critical aspects of successful integration of CFD into the design cycle includes a close-coupling of CFD and design organizations, quick turnaround of parametric analyses once a baseline CFD benchmark has been established, and the use of CFD methodology and approaches that address pertinent design issues. In this latter area, some problem details can be simplified while retaining key physical aspects to maintain analytical integrity.

Saturn base heating handbook

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Mullen, C. R.; Bender, R. L.; Bevill, R. L.; Reardon, J.; Hartley, L.

1972-01-01

A handbook containing a summary of model and flight test base heating data from the S-1, S-1B, S-4, S-1C, and S-2 stages is presented. A review of the available prediction methods is included. Experimental data are provided to make the handbook a single source of Saturn base heating data which can be used for preliminary base heating design predictions of launch vehicles.

Thermodynamic performance of the 3-stage ADR for the Astro-H Soft-X-ray Spectrometer instrument

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Shirron, Peter J.; Kimball, Mark O.; James, Bryan L.; Muench, Theodore; DiPirro, Michael J.; Bialas, Thomas G.; Sneiderman, Gary A.; Porter, Frederick S.; Kelley, Richard L.

2016-03-01

The Soft X-ray Spectrometer (SXS) instrument (Mitsuda et al., 2010) [1] on Astro-H (Takahashi et al., 2010) [2] will use a 3-stage ADR (Shirron et al., 2012) to cool the microcalorimeter array to 50 mK. In the primary operating mode, two stages of the ADR cool the detectors using superfluid helium at ⩽1.20 K as the heat sink (Fujimoto et al., 2010). In the secondary mode, which is activated when the liquid helium is depleted, the ADR uses a 4.5 K Joule-Thomson cooler as its heat sink. In this mode, all three stages operate together to continuously cool the (empty) helium tank and single-shot cool the detectors. The flight instrument - dewar, ADR, detectors and electronics - were integrated in 2014 and have since undergone extensive performance testing. This paper presents a thermodynamic analysis of the ADR's operation, including cooling capacity, heat rejection to the heat sinks, and various measures of efficiency.

Routine conventional karyotyping of lymphoma staging bone marrow samples does not contribute clinically relevant information.

PubMed

Nardi, Valentina; Pulluqi, Olja; Abramson, Jeremy S; Dal Cin, Paola; Hasserjian, Robert P

2015-06-01

Bone marrow (BM) evaluation is an important part of lymphoma staging, which guides patient management. Although positive staging marrow is defined as morphologically identifiable disease, such samples often also include flow cytometric analysis and conventional karyotyping. Cytogenetic analysis is a labor-intensive and costly procedure and its utility in this setting is uncertain. We retrospectively reviewed pathological reports of 526 staging marrow specimens in which conventional karyotyping had been performed. All samples originated from a single institution from patients with previously untreated Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin lymphomas presenting in an extramedullary site. Cytogenetic analysis revealed clonal abnormalities in only eight marrow samples (1.5%), all of which were positive for lymphoma by morphologic evaluation. Flow cytometry showed a small clonal lymphoid population in three of the 443 morphologically negative marrow samples (0.7%). Conventional karyotyping is rarely positive in lymphoma staging marrow samples and, in our cohort, the BM karyotype did not contribute clinically relevant information in the vast majority of cases. Our findings suggest that karyotyping should not be performed routinely on BM samples taken to stage previously diagnosed extramedullary lymphomas unless there is pathological evidence of BM involvement by lymphoma. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Research in the design of high-performance reconfigurable systems

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Slotnick, D. L.; Mcewan, S. D.; Spry, A. J.

1984-01-01

An initial design for the Bit Processor (BP) referred to in prior reports as the Processing Element or PE has been completed. Eight BP's, together with their supporting random-access memory, a 64 k x 9 ROM to perform addition, routing logic, and some additional logic, constitute the components of a single stage. An initial stage design is given. Stages may be combined to perform high-speed fixed or floating point arithmetic. Stages can be configured into a range of arithmetic modules that includes bit-serial one or two-dimensional arrays; one or two dimensional arrays fixed or floating point processors; and specialized uniprocessors, such as long-word arithmetic units. One to eight BP's represent a likely initial chip level. The Stage would then correspond to a first-level pluggable module. As both this project and VLSI CAD/CAM progress, however, it is expected that the chip level would migrate upward to the stage and, perhaps, ultimately the box level. The BP RAM, consisting of two banks, holds only operands and indices. Programs are at the box (high-level function) and system level. At the system level initial effort has been concentrated on specifying the tools needed to evaluate design alternatives.

Encouraging experience in the treatment of nasal type extra-nodal NK/T-cell lymphoma in a non-Asian population.

PubMed

Qi, Shunan; Yahalom, Joachim; Hsu, Meier; Chelius, Monica; Lunning, Matthew; Moskowitz, Alison; Horwitz, Steven

2016-11-01

Extra-nodal NK/T-cell lymphoma, nasal type (EN-NK/TCL-NT), is rare in the Western world. We launched the current single-institutional retrospective study with Institutional Review Board approval to better understand the disease. 43 EN-NK/TCL-NT patients treated from 1996 to 2014 were analyzed, including 10 (23%) Asians and 33 (76%) non-Asians. 19/26 (73%) early-stage patients received short-course chemotherapy followed by radiotherapy. 14/17 (82%) advanced-stage patients received primary chemotherapy. Complete response rate was significantly higher in the modified-SMILE group than the accelerated-CHOP group (80% vs. 30%, p = 0.015). The 2-year overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were 60% and 40%, respectively. Early-stage disease had significantly higher 2-year OS (87% vs. 21%) and PFS (56% vs.18%) than advanced-stage (p < 0.001). Ethnicity had no prognostic difference. EN-NK/TCL-NT in non-Asians shared similar disease characteristics and treatment outcomes with Asians. Most early-stage patients have achieved durable remissions. Management of advanced-stage disease remains challenging, with frequent progression and high mortality.

Limits of Single-stage Compression in Centrifugal Superchargers for Aircraft

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Kollmann, K

1940-01-01

The limits of the single-stage compression in superchargers at the present state of development are determined by five factors. 1) by the rotor material; 2) by the formation of the flow; 3) by the manufacture of double shrouded rotors; 4) by the bearing problem; 5) by the drive method.

Management of a Single Species Fishery with Stage Structure

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kar, T. K.; Pahari, U. K.; Chaudhuri, K. S.

2004-01-01

A dynamic model for a single species fishery with stage structure is proposed using taxation as a control instrument to protect the fish population from overexploitation. Criteria for local stability and global stability of the system are derived. The optimal tax policy is established by using Pontryagin's maximal principle. By numerical…

Single stage queueing/manufacturing system model that involves emission variable

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Murdapa, P. S.; Pujawan, I. N.; Karningsih, P. D.; Nasution, A. H.

2018-04-01

Queueing is commonly occured at every industry. The basic model of queueing theory gives a foundation for modeling a manufacturing system. Nowadays, carbon emission is an important and inevitable issue due to its huge impact to our environment. However, existing model of queuing applied for analysis of single stage manufacturing system has not taken Carbon emissions into consideration. If it is applied to manufacturing context, it may lead to improper decisisions. By taking into account of emission variables into queuing models, not only the model become more comprehensive but also it creates awareness on the issue to many parties that involves in the system. This paper discusses the single stage M/M/1 queueing model that involves emission variable. Hopefully it could be a starting point for the next more complex models. It has a main objective for determining how carbon emissions could fit into the basic queueing theory. It turned out that the involvement of emission variables into the model has modified the traditional model of a single stage queue to a calculation model of production lot quantity allowed per period.

Single-state electronic ballast with dimming feature and unity power factor

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Wu, T.F.; Yu, T.H.; Chiang, M.C.

1998-05-01

Analysis, design, and practical consideration of a single-stage electronic ballast with dimming feature and unity power factor are presented in this paper. The proposed single-stage ballast is the combination of a boost converter and a half-bridge series-resonant parallel-loaded inverter. The boost semistage working in the discontinuous conduction mode functions as a power factor corrector and the inverter semistage operated above resonance are employed to ballast the lamp. Replacing the lamp with the plasma model, analysis of the ballast is fulfilled. The dimming feature is carried out by pulse-width modulation (PWM) and variable-frequency controls simultaneously. The proposed single-stage ballast is suitablemore » for applications with moderate power level and low-line voltage while requiring a high-output voltage. It can save a controller, an active switch and its driver, reduce size, and possibly increase system reliability while requiring two additional diodes over a conventional two-stage system. A prototype was implemented to verify the theoretical discussion. The hardware measurements have shown that the desired performance can be achieved feasibly.« less

Whole season compared to growth-stage resolved temperature trends: implications for US maize yield

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Butler, E. E.; Mueller, N. D.; Huybers, P. J.

2014-12-01

The effect of temperature on maize yield has generally been considered using a single value for the entire growing season. We compare the effect of temperature trends on yield between two distinct models: a single temperature sensitivity for the whole season and a variable sensitivity across four distinct agronomic development stages. The more resolved variable-sensitivity model indicates roughly a factor of two greater influence of temperature on yield than that implied by the single-sensitivity model. The largest discrepancies occur in silking, which is demonstrated to be the most sensitive stage in the variable-sensitivity model. For instance, whereas median yields are observed to be only 53% of typical values during the hottest 1% of silking-stage temperatures, the single-sensitivity model over predicts median yields of 68% whereas the variable-sensitivity model more correctly predicts median yields of 61%. That the variable sensitivity model is also not capable of capturing the full extent of yield losses suggests that further refinement to represent the non-linear response would be useful. Results from the variable sensitivity model also indicate that management decisions regarding planting times, which have generally shifted toward earlier dates, have led to greater yield benefit than that implied by the single-sensitivity model. Together, the variation of both temperature trends and yield variability within growing stages calls for closer attention to how changes in management interact with changes in climate to ultimately affect yields.

Identifying subgroups of patients using latent class analysis: should we use a single-stage or a two-stage approach? A methodological study using a cohort of patients with low back pain.

PubMed

Nielsen, Anne Molgaard; Kent, Peter; Hestbaek, Lise; Vach, Werner; Kongsted, Alice

2017-02-01

Heterogeneity in patients with low back pain (LBP) is well recognised and different approaches to subgrouping have been proposed. Latent Class Analysis (LCA) is a statistical technique that is increasingly being used to identify subgroups based on patient characteristics. However, as LBP is a complex multi-domain condition, the optimal approach when using LCA is unknown. Therefore, this paper describes the exploration of two approaches to LCA that may help improve the identification of clinically relevant and interpretable LBP subgroups. From 928 LBP patients consulting a chiropractor, baseline data were used as input to the statistical subgrouping. In a single-stage LCA, all variables were modelled simultaneously to identify patient subgroups. In a two-stage LCA, we used the latent class membership from our previously published LCA within each of six domains of health (activity, contextual factors, pain, participation, physical impairment and psychology) (first stage) as the variables entered into the second stage of the two-stage LCA to identify patient subgroups. The description of the results of the single-stage and two-stage LCA was based on a combination of statistical performance measures, qualitative evaluation of clinical interpretability (face validity) and a subgroup membership comparison. For the single-stage LCA, a model solution with seven patient subgroups was preferred, and for the two-stage LCA, a nine patient subgroup model. Both approaches identified similar, but not identical, patient subgroups characterised by (i) mild intermittent LBP, (ii) recent severe LBP and activity limitations, (iii) very recent severe LBP with both activity and participation limitations, (iv) work-related LBP, (v) LBP and several negative consequences and (vi) LBP with nerve root involvement. Both approaches identified clinically interpretable patient subgroups. The potential importance of these subgroups needs to be investigated by exploring whether they can be identified in other cohorts and by examining their possible association with patient outcomes. This may inform the selection of a preferred LCA approach.

Human embryonic stem cell lines derived from single blastomeres of two 4-cell stage embryos

PubMed Central

Geens, Mieke; Mateizel, Ileana; Sermon, Karen; De Rycke, Martine; Spits, Claudia; Cauffman, Greet; Devroey, Paul; Tournaye, Herman; Liebaers, Inge; Van de Velde, Hilde

2009-01-01

BACKGROUND Recently, we demonstrated that single blastomeres of a 4-cell stage human embryo are able to develop into blastocysts with inner cell mass and trophectoderm. To further investigate potency at the 4-cell stage, we aimed to derive pluripotent human embryonic stem cells (hESC) from single blastomeres. METHODS Four 4-cell stage embryos were split on Day 2 of preimplantation development and the 16 blastomeres were individually cultured in sequential medium. On Day 3 or 4, the blastomere-derived embryos were plated on inactivated mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs). RESULTS Ten out of sixteen blastomere-derived morulae attached to the MEFs, and two produced an outgrowth. They were mechanically passaged onto fresh MEFs as described for blastocyst ICM-derived hESC, and shown to express the typical stemness markers by immunocytochemistry and/or RT–PCR. In vivo pluripotency was confirmed by the presence of all three germ layers in the teratoma obtained after injection in immunodeficient mice. The first hESC line displays a mosaic normal/abnormal 46, XX, dup(7)(q33qter), del(18)(q23qter) karyotype. The second hESC line displays a normal 46, XY karyotype. CONCLUSION We report the successful derivation and characterization of two hESC lines from single blastomeres of four split 4-cell stage human embryos. These two hESC lines were derived from distinct embryos, proving that at least one of the 4-cell stage blastomeres is pluripotent. PMID:19633307

SOS2 and ACP1 Loci Identified through Large-Scale Exome Chip Analysis Regulate Kidney Development and Function.

PubMed

Li, Man; Li, Yong; Weeks, Olivia; Mijatovic, Vladan; Teumer, Alexander; Huffman, Jennifer E; Tromp, Gerard; Fuchsberger, Christian; Gorski, Mathias; Lyytikäinen, Leo-Pekka; Nutile, Teresa; Sedaghat, Sanaz; Sorice, Rossella; Tin, Adrienne; Yang, Qiong; Ahluwalia, Tarunveer S; Arking, Dan E; Bihlmeyer, Nathan A; Böger, Carsten A; Carroll, Robert J; Chasman, Daniel I; Cornelis, Marilyn C; Dehghan, Abbas; Faul, Jessica D; Feitosa, Mary F; Gambaro, Giovanni; Gasparini, Paolo; Giulianini, Franco; Heid, Iris; Huang, Jinyan; Imboden, Medea; Jackson, Anne U; Jeff, Janina; Jhun, Min A; Katz, Ronit; Kifley, Annette; Kilpeläinen, Tuomas O; Kumar, Ashish; Laakso, Markku; Li-Gao, Ruifang; Lohman, Kurt; Lu, Yingchang; Mägi, Reedik; Malerba, Giovanni; Mihailov, Evelin; Mohlke, Karen L; Mook-Kanamori, Dennis O; Robino, Antonietta; Ruderfer, Douglas; Salvi, Erika; Schick, Ursula M; Schulz, Christina-Alexandra; Smith, Albert V; Smith, Jennifer A; Traglia, Michela; Yerges-Armstrong, Laura M; Zhao, Wei; Goodarzi, Mark O; Kraja, Aldi T; Liu, Chunyu; Wessel, Jennifer; Boerwinkle, Eric; Borecki, Ingrid B; Bork-Jensen, Jette; Bottinger, Erwin P; Braga, Daniele; Brandslund, Ivan; Brody, Jennifer A; Campbell, Archie; Carey, David J; Christensen, Cramer; Coresh, Josef; Crook, Errol; Curhan, Gary C; Cusi, Daniele; de Boer, Ian H; de Vries, Aiko P J; Denny, Joshua C; Devuyst, Olivier; Dreisbach, Albert W; Endlich, Karlhans; Esko, Tõnu; Franco, Oscar H; Fulop, Tibor; Gerhard, Glenn S; Glümer, Charlotte; Gottesman, Omri; Grarup, Niels; Gudnason, Vilmundur; Hansen, Torben; Harris, Tamara B; Hayward, Caroline; Hocking, Lynne; Hofman, Albert; Hu, Frank B; Husemoen, Lise Lotte N; Jackson, Rebecca D; Jørgensen, Torben; Jørgensen, Marit E; Kähönen, Mika; Kardia, Sharon L R; König, Wolfgang; Kooperberg, Charles; Kriebel, Jennifer; Launer, Lenore J; Lauritzen, Torsten; Lehtimäki, Terho; Levy, Daniel; Linksted, Pamela; Linneberg, Allan; Liu, Yongmei; Loos, Ruth J F; Lupo, Antonio; Meisinger, Christine; Melander, Olle; Metspalu, Andres; Mitchell, Paul; Nauck, Matthias; Nürnberg, Peter; Orho-Melander, Marju; Parsa, Afshin; Pedersen, Oluf; Peters, Annette; Peters, Ulrike; Polasek, Ozren; Porteous, David; Probst-Hensch, Nicole M; Psaty, Bruce M; Qi, Lu; Raitakari, Olli T; Reiner, Alex P; Rettig, Rainer; Ridker, Paul M; Rivadeneira, Fernando; Rossouw, Jacques E; Schmidt, Frank; Siscovick, David; Soranzo, Nicole; Strauch, Konstantin; Toniolo, Daniela; Turner, Stephen T; Uitterlinden, André G; Ulivi, Sheila; Velayutham, Dinesh; Völker, Uwe; Völzke, Henry; Waldenberger, Melanie; Wang, Jie Jin; Weir, David R; Witte, Daniel; Kuivaniemi, Helena; Fox, Caroline S; Franceschini, Nora; Goessling, Wolfram; Köttgen, Anna; Chu, Audrey Y

2017-03-01

Genome-wide association studies have identified >50 common variants associated with kidney function, but these variants do not fully explain the variation in eGFR. We performed a two-stage meta-analysis of associations between genotypes from the Illumina exome array and eGFR on the basis of serum creatinine (eGFRcrea) among participants of European ancestry from the CKDGen Consortium ( n Stage1 : 111,666; n Stage2 : 48,343). In single-variant analyses, we identified single nucleotide polymorphisms at seven new loci associated with eGFRcrea ( PPM1J , EDEM3, ACP1, SPEG, EYA4, CYP1A1 , and ATXN2L ; P Stage1 <3.7×10 -7 ), of which most were common and annotated as nonsynonymous variants. Gene-based analysis identified associations of functional rare variants in three genes with eGFRcrea, including a novel association with the SOS Ras/Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor 2 gene, SOS2 ( P =5.4×10 -8 by sequence kernel association test). Experimental follow-up in zebrafish embryos revealed changes in glomerular gene expression and renal tubule morphology in the embryonic kidney of acp1- and sos2 -knockdowns. These developmental abnormalities associated with altered blood clearance rate and heightened prevalence of edema. This study expands the number of loci associated with kidney function and identifies novel genes with potential roles in kidney formation. Copyright © 2017 by the American Society of Nephrology.

Oesophagectomy for tumours and dysplasia of the oesophagus and gastro-oesophageal junction.

PubMed

Epari, Krishna; Cade, Richard

2009-04-01

Neoadjuvant therapy, radical lymphadenectomy and treatment in high-volume centres have been proposed to improve outcomes for resectable oesophageal tumours. The aim of the present study was to review the oesophagectomy experience of a single surgeon with a moderate caseload who uses neoadjuvant therapy selectively and performs a conservative lymphadenectomy. A retrospective review of prospectively collected data was performed. The study included 125 consecutive attempted oesophageal resections performed by a single surgeon (RC) from 1993 to 2006. All patients were staged with computed tomography and also laparoscopy for lower third and junctional tumours. Endoscopic ultrasound was used in 69%. Seventy-seven per cent were adenocarcinomas. Neoadjuvant therapy was used selectively in 23%. One hundred and twenty-one resections were carried out, giving an overall resection rate of 97% with an R0 resection in 82%. In-hospital mortality was 0.8%, clinical anastomotic leak 1.7% and median length of stay 14 days. Overall median and 5-year survival were 46 months and 47%. Stage-specific 5-year survival was 100%, 71%, 41% and 21% for stages 0, I, II and III, respectively. Isolated local recurrence occurred in 8%. A moderate volume surgeon with specialist training in oesophageal resectional surgery can achieve a low mortality and anastomotic leak rate with good survival outcomes. The role for neoadjuvant therapy and radical lymphadenectomy is controversial and remains to be clearly defined. Accurate preoperative staging is essential for selection of patients for curative surgery with or without neoadjuvant therapy and for comparison of results.

Improving Functional and Aesthetic Outcomes in Syndromic Patients With Webbed Neck Deformity: Utilizing a Staged Endoscopic-Assisted Approach to Improve the Posterior Hairline and Decrease Scar Burden.

PubMed

Van Kouwenberg, Emily; Chattha, Anmol S; Adetayo, Oluwaseun A

2017-06-01

Webbed neck deformity (WND) can have significant functional and psychosocial impact on the developing child. Surgical correction can be challenging depending on the extent of the deformity, and patients often also have low posterior hairlines requiring simultaneous correction. Current surgical techniques include various methods of single-stage radical excision that often result in visible scar burden and residual deformity. There is currently no general consensus of which technique provides the best outcomes. A modified approach to WND was designed by the senior author aimed to decrease scar burden. Endoscopic-assisted fasciectomy was performed with simultaneous posterior hairline reconstruction with local tissue rearrangement camouflaged within the hair-bearing scalp. Staged surgical correction was planned rather than correction in a single operation. A retrospective review was performed to evaluate all patients who underwent this approach over a 2-year period. Two patients underwent the modified approach, a 17-year-old female with Noonan syndrome and a 2-year-old female with Turner syndrome. Both patients showed postoperative improvement in range of motion, contour of the jaw and neckline, and posterior hairline definition. Patients were found to have decreased scar burden compared with traditional techniques. A staged, combination approach of endoscopic-assisted fasciectomy and strategic local tissue reconstruction of the posterior hairline to correct WND achieves good functional and aesthetic results and good patient satisfaction. This modification should be considered when managing WND.

Metabolic rate and life stage of the mites Tetranychus cinnabarinus boisd. (Prostigmata) and Phytoseiulus persimilis A-H. (Mesostigmata).

PubMed

Thurling, D J

1980-09-01

Respiration rates (oxygen uptake per individual) of the herbivorous mite Tetranychus cinnabarinus Boisd. and of the predatory mite Phytoseiulus persimilis A-H. were measured at 25°C for all life stages, including eggs, using a Cartesian Diver micro-respirometer.Metabolic rates (oxygen uptake per unit weight) ranged between 0.27 and 2.32 nl O 2 μg -1 live weight h -1 in T. cinnabarinus, and between 0.99 and 3.69 nl O 2 μg -1 live weight h -1 in P. persimilis. The difference in metabolic rate ranges is attributed to different modes of life. The metabolic rates of both species are higher than those of comparable mite species, which is attributed to their small size, rapid development and limited sclerotization.Respiration-body weight regression gave the single equation log 10 R=-0.091+1.213 log 10 W for all post-embryonic stages of T. cinnabarinus but two equations for P. persimilis of log 10 R=0.394+1.116 log 10 W for gravid females and log 10 R=0.880+0.348 log 10 W for all non-reproducing post-embryonic stages. The single respiration-body weight relationship for T. cinnabarinus reflects the continuous growth pattern of this species, and the two relationships for P. persimilis reflect the accelerated growth following fertilization. The significance of these results for invertebrate population metabolism studies is discussed.

Comparative Study of Survival following Videothoracoscopic Lobectomy Procedures for Lung Cancer: Single- versus Multiple-port Approaches.

PubMed

Borro, José M; Regueiro, Francisco; Pértega, Sonia; Constenla, Manuel; Pita, Salvador

2017-04-01

Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery has become the technique of choice in the early stages of lung cancer in many centers although there is no evidence that all of the surgical approaches achieve the same long-term survival. We carried out a retrospective review of 276 VATS lobectomies performed in our department, analyzing age, sex, comorbidities, current smoker, FEV1 and FCV, surgical approach, TNM and pathological stage, histologic type, neoadjuvant or coadjuvant chemotherapy, relapse and metastasis time, with the main aim of evaluating the survival rate and disease-free time, especially with regard to the two/three versus single port approach. The one/four year global survival rate was 88.1 and 67.6% respectively. Bivariate analysis found that the variables associated with survival are comorbidity, histological type, stage, surgical approach and need for chemotherapy. When we independently analyzed the surgical approach, we found a lower survival rate in the single-port group vs. the two/three-port group (VATS). Stratifying by tumoral stage (stage I) and by tumor size (T2) survival was significantly lower for patients with single-port group in comparison to VATS approach. In the multivariate analysis, single-port group is associated with a higher risk of death (HR=1.78). In analyzing disease-free survival, differences were found in both cases in favor of two/three port VATS: p=.093 for local relapses and p=.091 for the development of metastasis. These results challenge the use of the single port technique in malignant lung pathologies, suggesting the need for clinical trials in order to identify the role this technique may have in lung cancer surgery. Copyright © 2016 SEPAR. Publicado por Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.

Single-Port Video-Assisted Thoracoscopic Major Lung Resections: Experience with 150 Consecutive Cases.

PubMed

Ng, Calvin S H; Kim, Hyun Koo; Wong, Randolph H L; Yim, Anthony P C; Mok, Tony S K; Choi, Young Ho

2016-06-01

Background Video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) for major lung resection has undergone major changes from three or four-port approach to the recently possible single-port VATS approach. Outcomes following single-port VATS major lung resection are analyzed to determine safety and efficacy. Methods A prospective database of 150 consecutive patients who underwent single-port VATS major lung resection between March 2012 and January 2014 was reviewed. Patient demographics, perioperative parameters, histopathology, and outcomes up to follow-up of 2 years were analyzed by descriptive and Kaplan-Meier survival statistics. Results Single-port VATS major lung resection was successfully performed in 142 patients (conversion rate 5.3%) for both malignant and benign diseases of the lung. Overall, 130 patients (87%) had nonsmall-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC), 9 (6%) had other types of primary lung cancer, and the remaining for secondary malignancies and benign diseases. Among the 130 patients with NSCLC, 93 (71.5%) were stage I, 28 were stage II (21.5%), and 9 (7%) were stage III or greater. There was no intraoperative or 30-day mortality. However, one perioperative death occurred on day 49, and another on day 60 postoperatively due to infective causes. The overall 2-year mortality rate for all patients was 3%. The disease-free survival rate for subgroups, stage I NSCLC, and stage II or greater NSCLC were 96 and 83%, respectively. Conclusions Single-port VATS major lung resection for malignant and benign lung diseases is associated with low perioperative morbidity and mortality. Disease-free survival rates for NSCLC are acceptable and comparable with conventional VATS. Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York.

Performance and safety of collagenated xenogeneic bone block for lateral alveolar ridge augmentation and staged implant placement. A monocenter, prospective single-arm clinical study.

PubMed

Schwarz, Frank; Mihatovic, Ilja; Ghanaati, Shahram; Becker, Jürgen

2017-08-01

To assess the clinical safety and performance of collagenated xenogeneic bone block (CXBB) for lateral alveolar ridge augmentation and two-stage implant placement. In ten patients exhibiting a single-tooth gap, the surgical procedure included the preparation of mucoperiosteal flaps, a rigid fixation of CXBB (Geistlich Bio-Graft ® ) using an osteosynthesis screw, and contour augmentation. After 24 weeks of submerged healing, the primary endpoint was defined as the final ridge width sufficient to place an adequately dimensioned titanium implant at the respective sites. Secondary outcomes included, for example, the gain in ridge width (mm). Clinical parameters (e.g., bleeding on probing - BOP, probing depth - PD, mucosal recession - MR) were assessed immediately after the cementation of the crown and at the final visit. At 24 weeks, implant placement could be achieved in 8 of 10 patients exhibiting a mean gain in ridge width (mean ± SD) of 3.88 ± 1.75 mm. Histological analysis has pointed to a homogeneous osseous organization of CXBB. The changes of mean BOP, PD, and MR values at the final visit amounted to 16.62 ± 32.02%, 0.04 ± 0.21 mm, and -0.04 ± 0.12 mm, respectively. CXBB may be successfully used to support lateral alveolar ridge augmentation and two-stage implant placement. © 2016 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Femtosecond Chirp-Free Transient Absorption Method And Apparatus

DOEpatents

McBranch, Duncan W.; Klimov, Victor I.

2001-02-20

A method and apparatus for femtosecond transient absorption comprising phase-sensitive detection, spectral scanning and simultaneous controlling of a translation stage to obtain TA spectra information having at least a sensitivity two orders of magnitude higher than that for single-shot methods, with direct, simultaneous compensation for chirp as the data is acquired. The present invention includes a amplified delay translation stage which generates a splittable frequency-doubled laser signal at a predetermined frequency f, a controllable means for synchronously modulating one of the laser signals at a repetition rate of f/2, applying the laser signals to a material to be sample, and acquiring data from the excited sample while simultaneously controlling the controllable means for synchronously modulating.

System and method for single-phase, single-stage grid-interactive inverter

DOEpatents

Liu, Liming; Li, Hui

2015-09-01

The present invention provides for the integration of distributed renewable energy sources/storages utilizing a cascaded DC-AC inverter, thereby eliminating the need for a DC-DC converter. The ability to segment the energy sources and energy storages improves the maintenance capability and system reliability of the distributed generation system, as well as achieve wide range reactive power compensation. In the absence of a DC-DC converter, single stage energy conversion can be achieved to enhance energy conversion efficiency.

A Study of Three Phase and Single Phase High Frequency Distribution Systems

DTIC Science & Technology

1989-09-20

single Schwarz converter which operates in a variable frequency mode and acts as a regulated dc power supply . This mode of operation is used to maintain a...conditioning stages. The first stage contains a single Schwarz converter which operates in a variable frequency mode and acts as a regulated dc power supply ...dependent upon the amount of current ripple the capacitor must sink. This determines the capacitor heating since the power dissipated is equal to 2R

Ambient temperature cadmium zinc telluride radiation detector and amplifier circuit

DOEpatents

McQuaid, J.H.; Lavietes, A.D.

1998-05-26

A low noise, low power consumption, compact, ambient temperature signal amplifier for a Cadmium Zinc Telluride (CZT) radiation detector is disclosed. The amplifier can be used within a larger system (e.g., including a multi-channel analyzer) to allow isotopic analysis of radionuclides in the field. In one embodiment, the circuit stages of the low power, low noise amplifier are constructed using integrated circuit (IC) amplifiers , rather than discrete components, and include a very low noise, high gain, high bandwidth dual part preamplification stage, an amplification stage, and an filter stage. The low noise, low power consumption, compact, ambient temperature amplifier enables the CZT detector to achieve both the efficiency required to determine the presence of radionuclides and the resolution necessary to perform isotopic analysis to perform nuclear material identification. The present low noise, low power, compact, ambient temperature amplifier enables a CZT detector to achieve resolution of less than 3% full width at half maximum at 122 keV for a Cobalt-57 isotope source. By using IC circuits and using only a single 12 volt supply and ground, the novel amplifier provides significant power savings and is well suited for prolonged portable in-field use and does not require heavy, bulky power supply components. 9 figs.

Grid Integration of Single Stage Solar PV System using Three-level Voltage Source Converter

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hussain, Ikhlaq; Kandpal, Maulik; Singh, Bhim

2016-08-01

This paper presents a single stage solar PV (photovoltaic) grid integrated power generating system using a three level voltage source converter (VSC) operating at low switching frequency of 900 Hz with robust synchronizing phase locked loop (RS-PLL) based control algorithm. To track the maximum power from solar PV array, an incremental conductance algorithm is used and this maximum power is fed to the grid via three-level VSC. The use of single stage system with three level VSC offers the advantage of low switching losses and the operation at high voltages and high power which results in enhancement of power quality in the proposed system. Simulated results validate the design and control algorithm under steady state and dynamic conditions.

Single-stage high frequency coaxial pulse tube cryocooler with base temperature below 30 K

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yang, L. W.; Xun, Y. Q.; Thummes, G.; Liang, J. T.

2010-05-01

This paper introduces two single-stage high frequency coaxial pulse tube cryocoolers (PTCs) with base temperature below 30 K. One has reached the lowest temperature of 26.1 K with an electric power of 250 W, which is the reported lowest temperature for single-stage high frequency PTC without multi-bypass. Using nozzle for double-inlet instead of need valves, the second PTC has achieved the temperature of 28.6 K with an electric power of 235 W. The analysis result is coinciding with experiments in general. The paper shows the advantage of the cooperated phase adjustment method of inertance tube and double-inlet, they might be the best choice when low temperature PTC is required.

An evaluation of composite propulsion for single-stage-to-orbit vehicles designed for horizontal take-off

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Martin, J. A.

1977-01-01

Composite propulsion was analyzed for single-stage-to-orbit vehicles designed for horizontal take-off. Trajectory, geometric, and mass analyses were performed to establish the orbital payload capability of six engines. The results indicated that none of the engines performed adequately to deliver payloads to orbit as analyzed. The single-stage turbine and oxidizer-rich gas generator resulted in a low engine specific impulse, and the performance increment of the ejector subsystem was less than that of a separate rocket system with a high combustion pressure. There was a benefit from incorporating a fan into the engine, and removal of the fan from the airstream during the ramjet mode increased the orbital payload capability.

A progressive 5-week exercise therapy program leads to significant improvement in knee function early after anterior cruciate ligament injury.

PubMed

Eitzen, Ingrid; Moksnes, Håvard; Snyder-Mackler, Lynn; Risberg, May Arna

2010-11-01

Prospective cohort study without a control group. Firstly, to present our 5-week progressive exercise therapy program in the early stage after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury. Secondly, to evaluate changes in knee function after completion of the program for patients with ACL injury in general and also when classified as potential copers or noncopers, and, finally, to examine potential adverse events. Few studies concerning early-stage ACL rehabilitation protocols exist. Consequently, little is known about the tolerance for, and outcomes from, short-term exercise therapy programs in the early stage after injury. One-hundred patients were included in a 5-week progressive exercise therapy program, within 3 months after injury. Knee function before and after completion of the program was evaluated from isokinetic quadriceps and hamstrings muscle strength tests, 4 single-leg hop tests, 2 different self-assessment questionnaires, and a global rating of knee function. A 2-way mixed-model analysis of variance was conducted to evaluate changes from pretest to posttest for the limb symmetry index for muscle strength and single-leg hop tests, and the change in scores for the patient-reported questionnaires. In addition, absolute values and the standardized response mean for muscle strength and single-leg hop tests were calculated at pretest and posttest for the injured and uninjured limb. Adverse events during the 5-week period were recorded. The progressive 5-week exercise therapy program led to significant improvements (P<.05) in knee function from pretest to posttest both for patients classified as potential copers and noncopers. Standardized response mean values for changes in muscle strength and single-leg hop performance from pretest to posttest for the injured limb were moderate to strong (0.49-0.84), indicating the observed improvements to be clinically relevant. Adverse events occurred in 3.9% of the patients. Short-term progressive exercise therapy programs are well tolerated and should be incorporated in early-stage ACL rehabilitation, either to improve knee function before ACL reconstruction or as a first step in further nonoperative management. Therapy, level 2b.

Electromechanical actuation for cryogenic valve control

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Lister, M. J.; Reichmuth, D. M.

1993-01-01

The design and analysis of the electromechanical actuator (EMA) being developed for the NASA/Marshall Space Flight Center as part of the National Launch System (NLS) Propellant Control Effector Advanced Development Program (ADP) are addressed. The EMA design uses several proven technologies combined into a single modular package which includes single stage high ratio gear reduction, redundant electric motors mounted on a common drive shaft, redundant drive and control electronics, and digital technology for performing the closed loop position feedback, communication, and health monitoring functions. Results of tests aimed at evaluating both component characteristics and overall system performance demonstrated that the goal of low cost, reliable control in a cryogenic environment is feasible.

Overview of existing cartilage repair technology.

PubMed

McNickle, Allison G; Provencher, Matthew T; Cole, Brian J

2008-12-01

Currently, autologous chondrocyte implantation and osteochondral grafting bridge the gap between palliation of cartilage injury and resurfacing via arthroplasty. Emerging technologies seek to advance first generation techniques and accomplish several goals including predictable outcomes, cost-effective technology, single-stage procedures, and creation of durable repair tissue. The biologic pipeline represents a variety of technologies including synthetics, scaffolds, cell therapy, and cell-infused matrices. Synthetic constructs, an alternative to biologic repair, resurface a focal chondral defect rather than the entire joint surface. Scaffolds are cell-free constructs designed as a biologic "net" to augment marrow stimulation techniques. Minced cartilage technology uses stabilized autologous or allogeneic fragments in 1-stage transplantation. Second and third generation cell-based methods include alternative membranes, chondrocyte seeding, and culturing onto scaffolds. Despite the promising early results of these products, significant technical obstacles remain along with unknown long-term durability. The vast array of developing technologies has exceptional promise and the potential to revolutionize the cartilage treatment algorithm within the next decade.

Single-stage evaluation of highly-loaded high-Mach-number compressor stages 5. Data and performance of baseline, corner-blow wall suction and combined corner blow wall suction stator

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Nikkanen, J. P.; Brooky, J. P.

1972-01-01

A single-stage compressor with a rotor tip speed of 1600 ft/sec and a 0.5 hub tip ratio was used to investigate the effects of several stator endwall treatment methods on stage range and performance. These endwall treatment methods consisted of stator corner-blow, annular wall suction upstream of stator leading edge, and combined corner-blow and annular wall suction. The overall stage performance with corner blow was essentially the same as the baseline performance. The performance for the annular wall suction and the combined corner-blow and wall suction showed a reduction in peak efficiency of 2.5 percentage points compared to the baseline data.

Electromagnetic induction heating for single crystal graphene growth: morphology control by rapid heating and quenching

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wu, Chaoxing; Li, Fushan; Chen, Wei; Veeramalai, Chandrasekar Perumal; Ooi, Poh Choon; Guo, Tailiang

2015-03-01

The direct observation of single crystal graphene growth and its shape evolution is of fundamental importance to the understanding of graphene growth physicochemical mechanisms and the achievement of wafer-scale single crystalline graphene. Here we demonstrate the controlled formation of single crystal graphene with varying shapes, and directly observe the shape evolution of single crystal graphene by developing a localized-heating and rapid-quenching chemical vapor deposition (CVD) system based on electromagnetic induction heating. Importantly, rational control of circular, hexagonal, and dendritic single crystalline graphene domains can be readily obtained for the first time by changing the growth condition. Systematic studies suggest that the graphene nucleation only occurs during the initial stage, while the domain density is independent of the growth temperatures due to the surface-limiting effect. In addition, the direct observation of graphene domain shape evolution is employed for the identification of competing growth mechanisms including diffusion-limited, attachment-limited, and detachment-limited processes. Our study not only provides a novel method for morphology-controlled graphene synthesis, but also offers fundamental insights into the kinetics of single crystal graphene growth.

Industrialization study, phase 2. [assessment of advanced photovoltaic technologies for commerical development

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1979-01-01

The potentials and requirements of advanced photovoltaic technologies still in their early developmental stages were evaluated and compared to the present day single crystal silicon wafer technology and to each other. The major areas of consideration include polycrystalline and amorphous silicon, single crystal and polycrystalline gallium arsenide, and single crystal and polycrystalline cadmium sulfide. A rank ordering of the advanced technologies is provided. The various ranking schemes were based upon present-day efficiency levels, their stability and long-term reliability prospects, material availability, capital investments both at the laboratory and production level, and associated variable costs. An estimate of the timing of the possible readiness of these advanced technologies for technology development programs and industrialization is presented along with a set of recommended government actions concerning the various advanced technologies.

A novel, fast and efficient single-sensor automatic sleep-stage classification based on complementary cross-frequency coupling estimates.

PubMed

Dimitriadis, Stavros I; Salis, Christos; Linden, David

2018-04-01

Limitations of the manual scoring of polysomnograms, which include data from electroencephalogram (EEG), electro-oculogram (EOG), electrocardiogram (ECG) and electromyogram (EMG) channels have long been recognized. Manual staging is resource intensive and time consuming, and thus considerable effort must be spent to ensure inter-rater reliability. As a result, there is a great interest in techniques based on signal processing and machine learning for a completely Automatic Sleep Stage Classification (ASSC). In this paper, we present a single-EEG-sensor ASSC technique based on the dynamic reconfiguration of different aspects of cross-frequency coupling (CFC) estimated between predefined frequency pairs over 5 s epoch lengths. The proposed analytic scheme is demonstrated using the PhysioNet Sleep European Data Format (EDF) Database with repeat recordings from 20 healthy young adults. We validate our methodology in a second sleep dataset. We achieved very high classification sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of 96.2 ± 2.2%, 94.2 ± 2.3%, and 94.4 ± 2.2% across 20 folds, respectively, and also a high mean F1 score (92%, range 90-94%) when a multi-class Naive Bayes classifier was applied. High classification performance has been achieved also in the second sleep dataset. Our method outperformed the accuracy of previous studies not only on different datasets but also on the same database. Single-sensor ASSC makes the entire methodology appropriate for longitudinal monitoring using wearable EEG in real-world and laboratory-oriented environments. Crown Copyright © 2018. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Gas pollutants removal in a single- and two-stage ejector-venturi scrubber.

PubMed

Gamisans, Xavier; Sarrà, Montserrrat; Lafuente, F Javier

2002-03-29

The absorption of SO(2) and NH(3) from the flue gas into NaOH and H(2)SO(4) solutions, respectively has been studied using an industrial scale ejector-venturi scrubber. A statistical methodology is presented to characterise the performance of the scrubber by varying several factors such as gas pollutant concentration, air flowrate and absorbing solution flowrate. Some types of venturi tube constructions were assessed, including the use of a two-stage venturi tube. The results showed a strong influence of the liquid scrubbing flowrate on pollutant removal efficiency. The initial pollutant concentration and the gas flowrate had a slight influence. The use of a two-stage venturi tube considerably improved the absorption efficiency, although it increased energy consumption. The results of this study will be applicable to the optimal design of venturi-based absorbers for gaseous pollution control or chemical reactors.

A novel multiple-stage antimalarial agent that inhibits protein synthesis.

PubMed

Baragaña, Beatriz; Hallyburton, Irene; Lee, Marcus C S; Norcross, Neil R; Grimaldi, Raffaella; Otto, Thomas D; Proto, William R; Blagborough, Andrew M; Meister, Stephan; Wirjanata, Grennady; Ruecker, Andrea; Upton, Leanna M; Abraham, Tara S; Almeida, Mariana J; Pradhan, Anupam; Porzelle, Achim; Luksch, Torsten; Martínez, María Santos; Luksch, Torsten; Bolscher, Judith M; Woodland, Andrew; Norval, Suzanne; Zuccotto, Fabio; Thomas, John; Simeons, Frederick; Stojanovski, Laste; Osuna-Cabello, Maria; Brock, Paddy M; Churcher, Tom S; Sala, Katarzyna A; Zakutansky, Sara E; Jiménez-Díaz, María Belén; Sanz, Laura Maria; Riley, Jennifer; Basak, Rajshekhar; Campbell, Michael; Avery, Vicky M; Sauerwein, Robert W; Dechering, Koen J; Noviyanti, Rintis; Campo, Brice; Frearson, Julie A; Angulo-Barturen, Iñigo; Ferrer-Bazaga, Santiago; Gamo, Francisco Javier; Wyatt, Paul G; Leroy, Didier; Siegl, Peter; Delves, Michael J; Kyle, Dennis E; Wittlin, Sergio; Marfurt, Jutta; Price, Ric N; Sinden, Robert E; Winzeler, Elizabeth A; Charman, Susan A; Bebrevska, Lidiya; Gray, David W; Campbell, Simon; Fairlamb, Alan H; Willis, Paul A; Rayner, Julian C; Fidock, David A; Read, Kevin D; Gilbert, Ian H

2015-06-18

There is an urgent need for new drugs to treat malaria, with broad therapeutic potential and novel modes of action, to widen the scope of treatment and to overcome emerging drug resistance. Here we describe the discovery of DDD107498, a compound with a potent and novel spectrum of antimalarial activity against multiple life-cycle stages of the Plasmodium parasite, with good pharmacokinetic properties and an acceptable safety profile. DDD107498 demonstrates potential to address a variety of clinical needs, including single-dose treatment, transmission blocking and chemoprotection. DDD107498 was developed from a screening programme against blood-stage malaria parasites; its molecular target has been identified as translation elongation factor 2 (eEF2), which is responsible for the GTP-dependent translocation of the ribosome along messenger RNA, and is essential for protein synthesis. This discovery of eEF2 as a viable antimalarial drug target opens up new possibilities for drug discovery.

Reading Aloud: Discrete Stage(s) Redux

PubMed Central

Robidoux, Serje; Besner, Derek

2017-01-01

Interactive activation accounts of processing have had a broad and deep influence on cognitive psychology, particularly so in the context of computational accounts of reading aloud at the single word level. Here we address the issue of whether such a framework can simulate the joint effects of stimulus quality and word frequency (which have been shown to produce both additive and interactive effects depending on the context). We extend previous work on this question by considering an alternative implementation of a stimulus quality manipulation, and the role of interactive activation. Simulations with a version of the Dual Route Cascaded model (a model with interactive activation dynamics along the lexical route) demonstrate that the model is unable to simulate the entire pattern seen in human performance. We discuss how a hybrid interactive activation model that includes some context dependent staged processing could accommodate these data. PMID:28289395

A novel multiple-stage antimalarial agent that inhibits protein synthesis

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Baragaña, Beatriz; Hallyburton, Irene; Lee, Marcus C. S.; Norcross, Neil R.; Grimaldi, Raffaella; Otto, Thomas D.; Proto, William R.; Blagborough, Andrew M.; Meister, Stephan; Wirjanata, Grennady; Ruecker, Andrea; Upton, Leanna M.; Abraham, Tara S.; Almeida, Mariana J.; Pradhan, Anupam; Porzelle, Achim; Martínez, María Santos; Bolscher, Judith M.; Woodland, Andrew; Norval, Suzanne; Zuccotto, Fabio; Thomas, John; Simeons, Frederick; Stojanovski, Laste; Osuna-Cabello, Maria; Brock, Paddy M.; Churcher, Tom S.; Sala, Katarzyna A.; Zakutansky, Sara E.; Jiménez-Díaz, María Belén; Sanz, Laura Maria; Riley, Jennifer; Basak, Rajshekhar; Campbell, Michael; Avery, Vicky M.; Sauerwein, Robert W.; Dechering, Koen J.; Noviyanti, Rintis; Campo, Brice; Frearson, Julie A.; Angulo-Barturen, Iñigo; Ferrer-Bazaga, Santiago; Gamo, Francisco Javier; Wyatt, Paul G.; Leroy, Didier; Siegl, Peter; Delves, Michael J.; Kyle, Dennis E.; Wittlin, Sergio; Marfurt, Jutta; Price, Ric N.; Sinden, Robert E.; Winzeler, Elizabeth A.; Charman, Susan A.; Bebrevska, Lidiya; Gray, David W.; Campbell, Simon; Fairlamb, Alan H.; Willis, Paul A.; Rayner, Julian C.; Fidock, David A.; Read, Kevin D.; Gilbert, Ian H.

2015-06-01

There is an urgent need for new drugs to treat malaria, with broad therapeutic potential and novel modes of action, to widen the scope of treatment and to overcome emerging drug resistance. Here we describe the discovery of DDD107498, a compound with a potent and novel spectrum of antimalarial activity against multiple life-cycle stages of the Plasmodium parasite, with good pharmacokinetic properties and an acceptable safety profile. DDD107498 demonstrates potential to address a variety of clinical needs, including single-dose treatment, transmission blocking and chemoprotection. DDD107498 was developed from a screening programme against blood-stage malaria parasites; its molecular target has been identified as translation elongation factor 2 (eEF2), which is responsible for the GTP-dependent translocation of the ribosome along messenger RNA, and is essential for protein synthesis. This discovery of eEF2 as a viable antimalarial drug target opens up new possibilities for drug discovery.

Parallel Implicit Runge-Kutta Methods Applied to Coupled Orbit/Attitude Propagation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hatten, Noble; Russell, Ryan P.

2017-12-01

A variable-step Gauss-Legendre implicit Runge-Kutta (GLIRK) propagator is applied to coupled orbit/attitude propagation. Concepts previously shown to improve efficiency in 3DOF propagation are modified and extended to the 6DOF problem, including the use of variable-fidelity dynamics models. The impact of computing the stage dynamics of a single step in parallel is examined using up to 23 threads and 22 associated GLIRK stages; one thread is reserved for an extra dynamics function evaluation used in the estimation of the local truncation error. Efficiency is found to peak for typical examples when using approximately 8 to 12 stages for both serial and parallel implementations. Accuracy and efficiency compare favorably to explicit Runge-Kutta and linear-multistep solvers for representative scenarios. However, linear-multistep methods are found to be more efficient for some applications, particularly in a serial computing environment, or when parallelism can be applied across multiple trajectories.

Subungual melanoma: Management in the modern era.

PubMed

Reilly, D J; Aksakal, G; Gilmour, R F; Gyorki, D E; Chauhan, A; Webb, A; Henderson, M A

2017-12-01

Subungual melanoma is a rare subtype of cutaneous melanoma that arises from the structures of the nail apparatus. It presents most commonly in older patients and at an advanced stage. A retrospective review of all patients with subungual melanoma in a single institution over a 15-year period was performed. In total, 54 patients were included (26 males, average age 62.9 years), of which 28 cases involved the upper limb. Median tumour thickness was 4.5 mm. Eighteen patients had lymph node metastasis at diagnosis, including 11 of 36 patients with positive sentinel lymph node biopsy. Median survival was 4.6 years. Subungual melanoma has a poor prognosis that is strongly associated with presence of nodal disease at diagnosis. Sentinel lymph node biopsy should be considered to determine stage and prognosis. Copyright © 2017 British Association of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgeons. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

LIF standoff research

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Olson, C. L.; Cuneo, M. E.; Desjarlais, M. P.; Filuk, A. B.; Greenly, J. B.; Hanson, D. L.; Hinshelwood, D. D.; Hubbard, R. F.; Lampe, M.; Lockner, T. R.

Present Light Ion Fusion (LIF) target experiments on PBFA 2 use a barrel diode in which the total transport length from the anode to the target is less than or equal to 15 cm. Future LIF development includes high yield applications (LMF) and energy production (ETF and LIBRA power plants) that require standoff - the generation of extracted ion beams and transport of these beams over distances of several meters. Standoff research includes the development of high efficiency extraction diodes (single stage and two-stage), improvements in beam quality (divergence, purity, uniformity, etc.), and the efficient transport and focusing of these beams over distances of several meters to a fusion target. Progress in all of these areas is discussed, as well as a strategy to reduce the divergence from the present 17 mrad for 5 MeV protons on SABRE to the required mrad for 35 MeV Li ions for LMF. The status of experiments is summarized, and future directions are indicated.

Outcomes of Liver Transplant Recipients With Model for End-Stage Liver Disease Exception: Single-Center Experience in the Northeast of Brazil.

PubMed

Coelho, G R; Praciano, A M; Viana, G N R; Lima, C A; Feitosa Neto, B A; Garcia, J H P

2018-06-01

The Model for End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD) exception policy in liver transplantation is based on symptoms and clinical conditions not included in the calculated MELD score. Therefore, patients with chronic liver disease, like refractory ascites, chronic encephalopathy, recurrent cholangitis, and refractory pruritus, may benefit with extra points. The objective of this study was to establish the profile of the patients submitted to liver transplantation with MELD exceptions based on symptoms in the University Hospital Walter Cantídio, Ceara, Brazil, between the years of 2012 and 2015, analyzing donor and recipient data, with special attention to patients with refractory ascites and recurrent encephalopathy, including survival rates. The results demonstrated acceptable survival rates for MELD exception patients (78.4% in 3 years), showing that maybe this allocation criterion should be maintained, or even expanded. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

A prospective evaluation of early detection biomarkers for ovarian cancer in the European EPIC cohort

PubMed Central

Terry, Kathryn L.; Schock, Helena; Fortner, Renée T.; Hüsing, Anika; Fichorova, Raina N.; Yamamoto, Hidemi S.; Vitonis, Allison F.; Johnson, Theron; Overvad, Kim; Tjønneland, Anne; Boutron-Ruault, Marie-Christine; Mesrine, Sylvie; Severi, Gianluca; Dossus, Laure; Rinaldi, Sabina; Boeing, Heiner; Benetou, Vassiliki; Lagiou, Pagona; Trichopoulou, Antonia; Krogh, Vittorio; Kuhn, Elisabetta; Panico, Salvatore; Bueno-de-Mesquita, H. Bas; Onland-Moret, N. Charlotte; Peeters, Petra H.; Gram, Inger Torhild; Weiderpass, Elisabete; Duell, Eric J.; Sanchez, Maria-Jose; Ardanaz, Eva; Etxezarreta, Nerea; Navarro, Carmen; Idahl, Annika; Lundin, Eva; Jirström, Karin; Manjer, Jonas; Wareham, Nicholas J.; Khaw, Kay-Tee; Byrne, Karl Smith; Travis, Ruth C.; Gunter, Marc J.; Merritt, Melissa A.; Riboli, Elio; Cramer, Daniel W.; Kaaks, Rudolf

2016-01-01

Purpose About 60% of ovarian cancers are diagnosed at late stage, when 5-year survival is less than 30% in contrast to 90% for local disease. This has prompted search for early detection biomarkers. For initial testing, specimens taken months or years before ovarian cancer diagnosis are the best source of information to evaluate early detection biomarkers. Here we evaluate the most promising ovarian cancer screening biomarkers in prospectively collected samples from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition study. Experimental Design We measured CA125, HE4, CA72.4 and CA15.3 in 810 invasive epithelial ovarian cancer cases and 1,939 controls. We calculated the sensitivity at 95% and 98% specificity as well as Area under the Receiver Operator Curve (C-statistic) for each marker individually and in combination. Additionally, we evaluated marker performance by stage at diagnosis and time between blood draw and diagnosis. Results We observed the best discrimination between cases and controls within six months of diagnosis for CA125 (C-statistic=0.92), then HE4 (0.84), CA72.4 (0.77), and CA15.3 (0.73). Marker performance declined with longer time between blood draw and diagnosis and for earlier staged disease. However, assessment of discriminatory ability at early stage was limited by small numbers. Combinations of markers performed modestly, but significantly better than any single marker. Conclusions CA125 remains the single best marker for the early detection of invasive epithelial ovarian cancer, but can be slightly improved by combining with other markers. Identifying novel markers for ovarian cancer will require studies including larger numbers of early stage cases. PMID:27060155

Genetic Components of Heterosis for Seedling Traits in an Elite Rice Hybrid Analyzed Using an Immortalized F2 Population.

PubMed

Zhu, Dan; Zhou, Gang; Xu, Caiguo; Zhang, Qifa

2016-02-20

Utilization of heterosis has greatly contributed to rice productivity in China and many Asian countries. Superior hybrids usually show heterosis at two stages: canopy development at vegetative stage and panicle development at reproductive stage resulting in heterosis in yield. Although the genetic basis of heterosis in rice has been extensively investigated, all the previous studies focused on yield traits at maturity stage. In this study, we analyzed the genetic basis of heterosis at seedling stage making use of an "immortalized F2" population composed of 105 hybrids produced by intercrossing recombinant inbred lines (RILs) from a cross between Zhenshan 97 and Minghui 63, the parents of Shanyou 63, which is an elite hybrid widely grown in China. Eight seedling traits, seedling height, tiller number, leaf number, root number, maximum root length, root dry weight, shoot dry weight and total dry weight, were investigated using hydroponic culture. We analyzed single-locus and digenic genetic effects at the whole genome level using an ultrahigh-density SNP bin map obtained by population re-sequencing. The analysis revealed large numbers of heterotic effects for seedling traits including dominance, overdominance and digenic dominance (epistasis) in both positive and negative directions. Overdominance effects were prevalent for all the traits, and digenic dominance effects also accounted for a large portion of the genetic effects. The results suggested that cumulative small advantages of the single-locus effects and two-locus interactions, most of which could not be detected statistically, could explain the genetic basis of seedling heterosis of the F1 hybrid. Copyright © 2016 Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and Genetics Society of China. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

A Prospective Evaluation of Early Detection Biomarkers for Ovarian Cancer in the European EPIC Cohort.

PubMed

Terry, Kathryn L; Schock, Helena; Fortner, Renée T; Hüsing, Anika; Fichorova, Raina N; Yamamoto, Hidemi S; Vitonis, Allison F; Johnson, Theron; Overvad, Kim; Tjønneland, Anne; Boutron-Ruault, Marie-Christine; Mesrine, Sylvie; Severi, Gianluca; Dossus, Laure; Rinaldi, Sabina; Boeing, Heiner; Benetou, Vassiliki; Lagiou, Pagona; Trichopoulou, Antonia; Krogh, Vittorio; Kuhn, Elisabetta; Panico, Salvatore; Bueno-de-Mesquita, H Bas; Onland-Moret, N Charlotte; Peeters, Petra H; Gram, Inger Torhild; Weiderpass, Elisabete; Duell, Eric J; Sanchez, Maria-Jose; Ardanaz, Eva; Etxezarreta, Nerea; Navarro, Carmen; Idahl, Annika; Lundin, Eva; Jirström, Karin; Manjer, Jonas; Wareham, Nicholas J; Khaw, Kay-Tee; Byrne, Karl Smith; Travis, Ruth C; Gunter, Marc J; Merritt, Melissa A; Riboli, Elio; Cramer, Daniel W; Kaaks, Rudolf

2016-09-15

About 60% of ovarian cancers are diagnosed at late stage, when 5-year survival is less than 30% in contrast to 90% for local disease. This has prompted search for early detection biomarkers. For initial testing, specimens taken months or years before ovarian cancer diagnosis are the best source of information to evaluate early detection biomarkers. Here we evaluate the most promising ovarian cancer screening biomarkers in prospectively collected samples from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition study. We measured CA125, HE4, CA72.4, and CA15.3 in 810 invasive epithelial ovarian cancer cases and 1,939 controls. We calculated the sensitivity at 95% and 98% specificity as well as area under the receiver operator curve (C-statistic) for each marker individually and in combination. In addition, we evaluated marker performance by stage at diagnosis and time between blood draw and diagnosis. We observed the best discrimination between cases and controls within 6 months of diagnosis for CA125 (C-statistic = 0.92), then HE4 (0.84), CA72.4 (0.77), and CA15.3 (0.73). Marker performance declined with longer time between blood draw and diagnosis and for earlier staged disease. However, assessment of discriminatory ability at early stage was limited by small numbers. Combinations of markers performed modestly, but significantly better than any single marker. CA125 remains the single best marker for the early detection of invasive epithelial ovarian cancer, but can be slightly improved by combining with other markers. Identifying novel markers for ovarian cancer will require studies including larger numbers of early-stage cases. Clin Cancer Res; 22(18); 4664-75. ©2016 AACRSee related commentary by Skates, p. 4542. ©2016 American Association for Cancer Research.

A Single-Batch Fermentation System to Simulate Human Colonic Microbiota for High-Throughput Evaluation of Prebiotics

PubMed Central

Sasaki, Daisuke; Fukuda, Itsuko; Tanaka, Kosei; Yoshida, Ken-ichi; Kondo, Akihiko; Osawa, Ro

2016-01-01

We devised a single-batch fermentation system to simulate human colonic microbiota from fecal samples, enabling the complex mixture of microorganisms to achieve densities of up to 1011 cells/mL in 24 h. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis of bacteria grown in the system revealed that representatives of the major phyla, including Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, and Actinobacteria, as well as overall species diversity, were consistent with those of the original feces. On the earlier stages of fermentation (up to 9 h), trace mixtures of acetate, lactate, and succinate were detectable; on the later stages (after 24 h), larger amounts of acetate accumulated along with some of propionate and butyrate. These patterns were similar to those observed in the original feces. Thus, this system could serve as a simple model to simulate the diversity as well as the metabolism of human colonic microbiota. Supplementation of the system with several prebiotic oligosaccharides (including fructo-, galacto-, isomalto-, and xylo-oligosaccharides; lactulose; and lactosucrose) resulted in an increased population in genus Bifidobacterium, concomitant with significant increases in acetate production. The results suggested that this fermentation system may be useful for in vitro, pre-clinical evaluation of the effects of prebiotics prior to testing in humans. PMID:27483470

A 160 W single-frequency laser based on an active tapered double-clad fiber amplifier

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Trikshev, A. I.; Kurkov, A. S.; Tsvetkov, V. B.; Filatova, S. A.; Kertulla, J.; Filippov, V.; Chamorovskiy, Yu K.; Okhotnikov, O. G.

2013-06-01

We present a CW single-frequency laser at 1062 nm (linewidth <3 MHz) with 160 W of total output power based on a two stage fiber amplifier. A GTWave fiber is used for the first stage of the amplifier. A tapered double-clad fiber (T-DCF) is used for the second stage of the amplifier. The high output power is achieved due to the amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) filtering and increased stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) threshold inherent to the axially non-uniform geometry.

Investigation of Single-Stage Modified Turbine of Mark 25 Torpedo Power Plant

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hoyt, Jack W.

1947-01-01

Efficiency investigations have been made on a single-stage modification of the turbine of a Mark 25 aerial torpedo to determine the performance of the unit with five different turbine nozzles. The output of the turbine blades was computed by analyzing the windage and mechanical-friction losses of the unit. The turbine was faund to be most efficient with a cast nozzle having sharp-edged inlets to the nine nozzle ports. An analysis af the effectiveness af the first and second stages of the standard Mark 25 torpedo turbine indicates that the first- stage turbine contributes nearly all the brake power produced at blade-jet speed ratios above 0.26.

Optimization Strategies for Single-Stage, Multi-Stage and Continuous ADRs

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Shirron, Peter J.

2014-01-01

Adiabatic Demagnetization Refrigerators (ADR) have many advantages that are prompting a resurgence in their use in spaceflight and laboratory applications. They are solid-state coolers capable of very high efficiency and very wide operating range. However, their low energy storage density translates to larger mass for a given cooling capacity than is possible with other refrigeration techniques. The interplay between refrigerant mass and other parameters such as magnetic field and heat transfer points in multi-stage ADRs gives rise to a wide parameter space for optimization. This paper first presents optimization strategies for single ADR stages, focusing primarily on obtaining the largest cooling capacity per stage mass, then discusses the optimization of multi-stage and continuous ADRs in the context of the coordinated heat transfer that must occur between stages. The goal for the latter is usually to obtain the largest cooling power per mass or volume, but there can also be many secondary objectives, such as limiting instantaneous heat rejection rates and producing intermediate temperatures for cooling of other instrument components.

Quantitative determination of anti-structured defects applied to alloys of a wide chemical range

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhang, Jing; Chen, Zheng; Wang, Yongxin; Lu, Yanli

2016-11-01

Anti-structured defects bridge atom migration among heterogeneous sublattices facilitating diffusion but could also result in the collapse of ordered structure. Component distribution Ni75Al x V25-x alloys are investigated using a microscopic phase field model to illuminate relations between anti-structured defects and composition, precipitate order, precipitate type, and phase stability. The Ni75Al x V25-x alloys undergo single Ni3V (stage I), dual Ni3Al and Ni3V (stage II with Ni3V prior; and stage III with Ni3Al prior), and single Ni3Al (stage IV) with enhanced aluminum level. For Ni3V phase, anti-structured defects (VNi1, NiV, except VNi2) and substitution defects (AlNi1, AlNi2, AlV) exhibit a positive correlation to aluminum in stage I, the positive trend becomes to negative correlation or smooth during stage II. For Ni3Al phase, anti-structured defects (AlNi, NiAl) and substitution defects (VNi, VAl) have a positive correlation to aluminum in stage II, but NiAl goes down since stage III and lasts to stage IV. VNi and VAl fluctuate when Ni3Al precipitates prior, but go down drastically in stage IV. Precipitate type conversion of single Ni3V/dual (Ni3V+Ni3Al) affects Ni3V defects, while dual (Ni3V+Ni3Al)/single Ni3Al has little effect on Ni3Al defects. Precipitate order swap occurred in the dual phase region affects on Ni3Al defects but not on Ni3V. Project supported by the Natural Science Basic Research Plan in Shaanxi Province of China (Grant No. 2016JQ5014), the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities, China (Grant No. 3102014JCQ01024), the Research Fund of the State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing (NWPU), China (Grant No. 114-QP-2014), the Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China (Grant No. 20136102120021), and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 51474716 and 51475378).

Sleep architecture parameters as a putative biomarker of suicidal ideation in treatment-resistant depression.

PubMed

Bernert, Rebecca A; Luckenbaugh, David A; Duncan, Wallace C; Iwata, Naomi G; Ballard, Elizabeth D; Zarate, Carlos A

2017-01-15

Disturbed sleep may confer risk for suicidal behaviors. Polysomnographic (PSG) sleep parameters have not been systematically evaluated in association with suicidal ideation (SI) among individuals with treatment-resistant depression (TRD). This secondary data analysis included 54 TRD individuals (N=30 with major depressive disorder (MDD) and N=24 with bipolar depression (BD)). PSG sleep parameters included Sleep Efficiency (SE), Total Sleep Time (TST), Wakefulness After Sleep Onset (WASO), REM percent/latency, and non-REM (NREM) Sleep Stages 1-4. The Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D) was used to group participants according to presence or absence of SI. Sleep abnormalities were hypothesized among those with current SI. ANOVA analyses were conducted before (Model 1) and after adjusting for depression (Model 2) and diagnostic variables (Model 3). Significant differences in PSG parameters were observed in Model 1; those with SI had less NREM Stage 4 sleep (p<.05). After adjusting for central covariates, Models 2 and 3 revealed significantly less NREM Stage 4 sleep, lower SE (P<.05), and higher WASO (P<.05) among those with SI. BD participants with SI also had less NREM Stage 4 and more NREM Stage 1 sleep. 1) a predominantly white sample; 2) exclusion of imminent suicide risk; 3) concomitant mood stabilizer use among BD patients; and 4) single-item SI assessment. Independent of depression severity, SI was associated with less NREM Stage 4 sleep, and higher nocturnal wakefulness across diagnostic groups. Sleep may warrant further investigation in the pathogenesis of suicide risk, particularly in TRD, where risk may be heightened. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Booster propulsion/vehicle impact study, 2

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Johnson, P.; Satterthwaite, S.; Carson, C.; Schnackel, J.

1988-01-01

This is the final report in a study examining the impact of launch vehicles for various boost propulsion design options. These options included: differing boost phase engines using different combinations of fuels and coolants to include RP-1, methane, propane (subcooled and normal boiling point), and hydrogen; variable and high mixture ratio hydrogen engines; translating nozzles on boost phase engines; and cross feeding propellants from the booster to second stage. Vehicles examined included a fully reusable two stage cargo vehicle and a single stage to orbit vehicle. The use of subcooled propane as a fuel generated vehicles with the lowest total vehicle dry mass. Engines with hydrogen cooling generated only slight mass reductions from the reference, all-hydrogen vehicle. Cross feeding propellants generated the most significant mass reductions from the reference two stage vehicle. The use of high mixture ratio or variable mixture ratio hydrogen engines in the boost phase of flight resulted in vehicles with total dry mass 20 percent greater than the reference hydrogen vehicle. Translating nozzles for boost phase engines generated a heavier vehicle. Also examined were the design impacts on the vehicle and ground support subsystems when subcooled propane is used as a fuel. The most significant cost difference between facilities to handle normal boiling point versus subcooled propane is 5 million dollars. Vehicle cost differences were negligible. A significant technical challenge exists for properly conditioning the vehicle propellant on the ground and in flight when subcooled propane is used as fuel.

Stochastic summation of empirical Green's functions

USGS Publications Warehouse

Wennerberg, Leif

1990-01-01

Two simple strategies are presented that use random delay times for repeatedly summing the record of a relatively small earthquake to simulate the effects of a larger earthquake. The simulations do not assume any fault plane geometry or rupture dynamics, but realy only on the ω−2 spectral model of an earthquake source and elementary notions of source complexity. The strategies simulate ground motions for all frequencies within the bandwidth of the record of the event used as a summand. The first strategy, which introduces the basic ideas, is a single-stage procedure that consists of simply adding many small events with random time delays. The probability distribution for delays has the property that its amplitude spectrum is determined by the ratio of ω−2 spectra, and its phase spectrum is identically zero. A simple expression is given for the computation of this zero-phase scaling distribution. The moment rate function resulting from the single-stage simulation is quite simple and hence is probably not realistic for high-frequency (>1 Hz) ground motion of events larger than ML∼ 4.5 to 5. The second strategy is a two-stage summation that simulates source complexity with a few random subevent delays determined using the zero-phase scaling distribution, and then clusters energy around these delays to get an ω−2 spectrum for the sum. Thus, the two-stage strategy allows simulations of complex events of any size for which the ω−2 spectral model applies. Interestingly, a single-stage simulation with too few ω−2records to get a good fit to an ω−2 large-event target spectrum yields a record whose spectral asymptotes are consistent with the ω−2 model, but that includes a region in its spectrum between the corner frequencies of the larger and smaller events reasonably approximated by a power law trend. This spectral feature has also been discussed as reflecting the process of partial stress release (Brune, 1970), an asperity failure (Boatwright, 1984), or the breakdown of ω−2 scaling due to rupture significantly longer than the width of the seismogenic zone (Joyner, 1984).

Improved fibrosis staging by elastometry and blood test in chronic hepatitis C.

PubMed

Calès, Paul; Boursier, Jérôme; Ducancelle, Alexandra; Oberti, Frédéric; Hubert, Isabelle; Hunault, Gilles; de Lédinghen, Victor; Zarski, Jean-Pierre; Salmon, Dominique; Lunel, Françoise

2014-07-01

Our main objective was to improve non-invasive fibrosis staging accuracy by resolving the limits of previous methods via new test combinations. Our secondary objectives were to improve staging precision, by developing a detailed fibrosis classification, and reliability (personalized accuracy) determination. All patients (729) included in the derivation population had chronic hepatitis C, liver biopsy, 6 blood tests and Fibroscan. Validation populations included 1584 patients. The most accurate combination was provided by using most markers of FibroMeter and Fibroscan results targeted for significant fibrosis, i.e. 'E-FibroMeter'. Its classification accuracy (91.7%) and precision (assessed by F difference with Metavir: 0.62 ± 0.57) were better than those of FibroMeter (84.1%, P < 0.001; 0.72 ± 0.57, P < 0.001), Fibroscan (88.2%, P = 0.011; 0.68 ± 0.57, P = 0.020), and a previous CSF-SF classification of FibroMeter + Fibroscan (86.7%, P < 0.001; 0.65 ± 0.57, P = 0.044). The accuracy for fibrosis absence (F0) was increased, e.g. from 16.0% with Fibroscan to 75.0% with E-FibroMeter (P < 0.001). Cirrhosis sensitivity was improved, e.g. E-FibroMeter: 92.7% vs. Fibroscan: 83.3%, P = 0.004. The combination improved reliability by deleting unreliable results (accuracy <50%) observed with a single test (1.2% of patients) and increasing optimal reliability (accuracy ≥85%) from 80.4% of patients with Fibroscan (accuracy: 90.9%) to 94.2% of patients with E-FibroMeter (accuracy: 92.9%), P < 0.001. The patient rate with 100% predictive values for cirrhosis by the best combination was twice (36.2%) that of the best single test (FibroMeter: 16.2%, P < 0.001). The new test combination increased: accuracy, globally and especially in patients without fibrosis, staging precision, cirrhosis prediction, and even reliability, thus offering improved fibrosis staging. © 2013 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Delimitation of the Thoracosphaeraceae (Dinophyceae), including the calcareous dinoflagellates, based on large amounts of ribosomal RNA sequence data.

PubMed

Gottschling, Marc; Soehner, Sylvia; Zinssmeister, Carmen; John, Uwe; Plötner, Jörg; Schweikert, Michael; Aligizaki, Katerina; Elbrächter, Malte

2012-01-01

The phylogenetic relationships of the Dinophyceae (Alveolata) are not sufficiently resolved at present. The Thoracosphaeraceae (Peridiniales) are the only group of the Alveolata that include members with calcareous coccoid stages; this trait is considered apomorphic. Although the coccoid stage apparently is not calcareous, Bysmatrum has been assigned to the Thoracosphaeraceae based on thecal morphology. We tested the monophyly of the Thoracosphaeraceae using large sets of ribosomal RNA sequence data of the Alveolata including the Dinophyceae. Phylogenetic analyses were performed using Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian approaches. The Thoracosphaeraceae were monophyletic, but included also a number of non-calcareous dinophytes (such as Pentapharsodinium and Pfiesteria) and even parasites (such as Duboscquodinium and Tintinnophagus). Bysmatrum had an isolated and uncertain phylogenetic position outside the Thoracosphaeraceae. The phylogenetic relationships among calcareous dinophytes appear complex, and the assumption of the single origin of the potential to produce calcareous structures is challenged. The application of concatenated ribosomal RNA sequence data may prove promising for phylogenetic reconstructions of the Dinophyceae in future. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.

Trajectory optimization and guidance for an aerospace plane

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Mease, Kenneth D.; Vanburen, Mark A.

1989-01-01

The first step in the approach to developing guidance laws for a horizontal take-off, air breathing single-stage-to-orbit vehicle is to characterize the minimum-fuel ascent trajectories. The capability to generate constrained, minimum fuel ascent trajectories for a single-stage-to-orbit vehicle was developed. A key component of this capability is the general purpose trajectory optimization program OTIS. The pre-production version, OTIS 0.96 was installed and run on a Convex C-1. A propulsion model was developed covering the entire flight envelope of a single-stage-to-orbit vehicle. Three separate propulsion modes, corresponding to an after burning turbojet, a ramjet and a scramjet, are used in the air breathing propulsion phase. The Generic Hypersonic Aerodynamic Model Example aerodynamic model of a hypersonic air breathing single-stage-to-orbit vehicle was obtained and implemented. Preliminary results pertaining to the effects of variations in acceleration constraints, available thrust level and fuel specific impulse on the shape of the minimum-fuel ascent trajectories were obtained. The results show that, if the air breathing engines are sized for acceleration to orbital velocity, it is the acceleration constraint rather than the dynamic pressure constraint that is active during ascent.

High energy, single-polarized, single-transverse-mode, nanosecond pulses generated by a multi-stage Yb-doped photonic crystal fiber amplifier

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Shen, Xinglai; Zhang, Haitao; Hao, He; Li, Dan; Li, Qinghua; Yan, Ping; Gong, Mali

2015-06-01

We report the construction of a cascaded fiber amplifier where a 40-μm-core-diameter photonic crystal fiber is utilized in the main amplifier stage. Single-transverse-mode, linearly-polarized, 7.5 ns pulses with 1.5 mJ energy, 123 kW peak power and 10 nm spectral bandwidth centered at 1062 nm are generated. To our knowledge, the pulse energy we obtain is the highest from 40-μm-core-diameter photonic crystal fibers, and also the highest for long pulses (>1 ns) with linear polarization and single transverse mode.

Two-step single slope/SAR ADC with error correction for CMOS image sensor.

PubMed

Tang, Fang; Bermak, Amine; Amira, Abbes; Amor Benammar, Mohieddine; He, Debiao; Zhao, Xiaojin

2014-01-01

Conventional two-step ADC for CMOS image sensor requires full resolution noise performance in the first stage single slope ADC, leading to high power consumption and large chip area. This paper presents an 11-bit two-step single slope/successive approximation register (SAR) ADC scheme for CMOS image sensor applications. The first stage single slope ADC generates a 3-bit data and 1 redundant bit. The redundant bit is combined with the following 8-bit SAR ADC output code using a proposed error correction algorithm. Instead of requiring full resolution noise performance, the first stage single slope circuit of the proposed ADC can tolerate up to 3.125% quantization noise. With the proposed error correction mechanism, the power consumption and chip area of the single slope ADC are significantly reduced. The prototype ADC is fabricated using 0.18 μ m CMOS technology. The chip area of the proposed ADC is 7 μ m × 500 μ m. The measurement results show that the energy efficiency figure-of-merit (FOM) of the proposed ADC core is only 125 pJ/sample under 1.4 V power supply and the chip area efficiency is 84 k  μ m(2) · cycles/sample.

Time-lapse evaluation of human embryo development in single versus sequential culture media--a sibling oocyte study.

PubMed

Ciray, Haydar Nadir; Aksoy, Turan; Goktas, Cihan; Ozturk, Bilgen; Bahceci, Mustafa

2012-09-01

To compare the dynamics of early development between embryos cultured in single and sequential media. Randomized, comparative study. Private IVF centre. A total of 446 metaphase II oocytes from 51 couples who underwent oocyte retrieval procedure for intracytoplasmic sperm injection. Forty-nine resulted in embryo transfer. Oocytes were split between single and sequential media produced by the same manufacturer and cultured in a time-lapse incubator. Morphokinetic parameters until the embryos reached the 5-cell stage (t5), utilization, clinical pregnancy and implantation rates. Embryos cultured in single media were advanced from the first mitosis cycle and reached 2- to 5-cell stages earlier. There was not any difference between the durations for cell cycle two (cc2 = t3-t2) and s2 (t4-t3). The utilization, clinical pregnancy and implantation rates did not differ between groups. The proportion of cryopreserved day 6 embryos to two pronuclei oocytes was significantly higher in sequential than in single media. Morphokinetics of embryo development vary between single and sequential culture media at least until the 5-cell stage. The overall clinical and embryological parameters remain similar regardless of the culture system.

Subcellular Metabolite and Lipid Analysis of Xenopus laevis Eggs by LAESI Mass Spectrometry

PubMed Central

Reschke, Brent R.; Henderson, Holly D.; Powell, Matthew J.; Moody, Sally A.; Vertes, Akos

2014-01-01

Xenopus laevis eggs are used as a biological model system for studying fertilization and early embryonic development in vertebrates. Most methods used for their molecular analysis require elaborate sample preparation including separate protocols for the water soluble and lipid components. In this study, laser ablation electrospray ionization (LAESI), an ambient ionization technique, was used for direct mass spectrometric analysis of X. laevis eggs and early stage embryos up to five cleavage cycles. Single unfertilized and fertilized eggs, their animal and vegetal poles, and embryos through the 32-cell stage were analyzed. Fifty two small metabolite ions, including glutathione, GABA and amino acids, as well as numerous lipids including 14 fatty acids, 13 lysophosphatidylcholines, 36 phosphatidylcholines and 29 triacylglycerols were putatively identified. Additionally, some proteins, for example thymosin β4 (Xen), were also detected. On the subcellular level, the lipid profiles were found to differ between the animal and vegetal poles of the eggs. Radial profiling revealed profound compositional differences between the jelly coat vitelline/plasma membrane and egg cytoplasm. Changes in the metabolic profile of the egg following fertilization, e.g., the decline of polyamine content with the development of the embryo were observed using LAESI-MS. This approach enables the exploration of metabolic and lipid changes during the early stages of embryogenesis. PMID:25506922

Subcellular metabolite and lipid analysis of Xenopus laevis eggs by LAESI mass spectrometry.

PubMed

Shrestha, Bindesh; Sripadi, Prabhakar; Reschke, Brent R; Henderson, Holly D; Powell, Matthew J; Moody, Sally A; Vertes, Akos

2014-01-01

Xenopus laevis eggs are used as a biological model system for studying fertilization and early embryonic development in vertebrates. Most methods used for their molecular analysis require elaborate sample preparation including separate protocols for the water soluble and lipid components. In this study, laser ablation electrospray ionization (LAESI), an ambient ionization technique, was used for direct mass spectrometric analysis of X. laevis eggs and early stage embryos up to five cleavage cycles. Single unfertilized and fertilized eggs, their animal and vegetal poles, and embryos through the 32-cell stage were analyzed. Fifty two small metabolite ions, including glutathione, GABA and amino acids, as well as numerous lipids including 14 fatty acids, 13 lysophosphatidylcholines, 36 phosphatidylcholines and 29 triacylglycerols were putatively identified. Additionally, some proteins, for example thymosin β4 (Xen), were also detected. On the subcellular level, the lipid profiles were found to differ between the animal and vegetal poles of the eggs. Radial profiling revealed profound compositional differences between the jelly coat vitelline/plasma membrane and egg cytoplasm. Changes in the metabolic profile of the egg following fertilization, e.g., the decline of polyamine content with the development of the embryo were observed using LAESI-MS. This approach enables the exploration of metabolic and lipid changes during the early stages of embryogenesis.

Temperature-assisted solute focusing with sequential trap/release zones in isocratic and gradient capillary liquid chromatography: Simulation and experiment

PubMed Central

Groskreutz, Stephen R.; Weber, Stephen G.

2016-01-01

In this work we characterize the development of a method to enhance temperature-assisted on-column solute focusing (TASF) called two-stage TASF. A new instrument was built to implement two-stage TASF consisting of a linear array of three independent, electronically controlled Peltier devices (thermoelectric coolers, TECs). Samples are loaded onto the chromatographic column with the first two TECs, TEC A and TEC B, cold. In the two-stage TASF approach TECs A and B are cooled during injection. TEC A is heated following sample loading. At some time following TEC A’s temperature rise, TEC B’s temperature is increased from the focusing temperature to a temperature matching that of TEC A. Injection bands are focused twice on-column, first on the initial TEC, e.g. single-stage TASF, then refocused on the second, cold TEC. Our goal is to understand the two-stage TASF approach in detail. We have developed a simple yet powerful digital simulation procedure to model the effect of changing temperature in the two focusing zones on retention, band shape and band spreading. The simulation can predict experimental chromatograms resulting from spatial and temporal temperature programs in combination with isocratic and solvent gradient elution. To assess the two-stage TASF method and the accuracy of the simulation well characterized solutes are needed. Thus, retention factors were measured at six temperatures (25–75 °C) at each of twelve mobile phases compositions (0.05–0.60 acetonitrile/water) for homologs of n-alkyl hydroxylbenzoate esters and n-alkyl p-hydroxyphenones. Simulations accurately reflect experimental results in showing that the two-stage approach improves separation quality. For example, two-stage TASF increased sensitivity for a low retention solute by a factor of 2.2 relative to single-stage TASF and 8.8 relative to isothermal conditions using isocratic elution. Gradient elution results for two-stage TASF were more encouraging. Application of two-stage TASF increased peak height for the least retained solute in the test mixture by a factor of 3.2 relative to single-stage TASF and 22.3 compared to isothermal conditions for an injection four-times the column volume. TASF improved resolution and increased peak capacity; for a 12-minute separation peak capacity increased from 75 under isothermal conditions to 146 using single-stage TASF, and 185 for two-stage TASF. PMID:27836226

Temperature-assisted solute focusing with sequential trap/release zones in isocratic and gradient capillary liquid chromatography: Simulation and experiment.

PubMed

Groskreutz, Stephen R; Weber, Stephen G

2016-11-25

In this work we characterize the development of a method to enhance temperature-assisted on-column solute focusing (TASF) called two-stage TASF. A new instrument was built to implement two-stage TASF consisting of a linear array of three independent, electronically controlled Peltier devices (thermoelectric coolers, TECs). Samples are loaded onto the chromatographic column with the first two TECs, TEC A and TEC B, cold. In the two-stage TASF approach TECs A and B are cooled during injection. TEC A is heated following sample loading. At some time following TEC A's temperature rise, TEC B's temperature is increased from the focusing temperature to a temperature matching that of TEC A. Injection bands are focused twice on-column, first on the initial TEC, e.g. single-stage TASF, then refocused on the second, cold TEC. Our goal is to understand the two-stage TASF approach in detail. We have developed a simple yet powerful digital simulation procedure to model the effect of changing temperature in the two focusing zones on retention, band shape and band spreading. The simulation can predict experimental chromatograms resulting from spatial and temporal temperature programs in combination with isocratic and solvent gradient elution. To assess the two-stage TASF method and the accuracy of the simulation well characterized solutes are needed. Thus, retention factors were measured at six temperatures (25-75°C) at each of twelve mobile phases compositions (0.05-0.60 acetonitrile/water) for homologs of n-alkyl hydroxylbenzoate esters and n-alkyl p-hydroxyphenones. Simulations accurately reflect experimental results in showing that the two-stage approach improves separation quality. For example, two-stage TASF increased sensitivity for a low retention solute by a factor of 2.2 relative to single-stage TASF and 8.8 relative to isothermal conditions using isocratic elution. Gradient elution results for two-stage TASF were more encouraging. Application of two-stage TASF increased peak height for the least retained solute in the test mixture by a factor of 3.2 relative to single-stage TASF and 22.3 compared to isothermal conditions for an injection four-times the column volume. TASF improved resolution and increased peak capacity; for a 12-min separation peak capacity increased from 75 under isothermal conditions to 146 using single-stage TASF, and 185 for two-stage TASF. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Alloplastic adjuncts in breast reconstruction

PubMed Central

Cabalag, Miguel S.; Rostek, Marie; Miller, George S.; Chae, Michael P.; Quinn, Tam; Rozen, Warren M.

2016-01-01

Background There has been an increasing role of acellular dermal matrices (ADMs) and synthetic meshes in both single- and two-stage implant/expander breast reconstruction. Numerous alloplastic adjuncts exist, and these vary in material type, processing, storage, surgical preparation, level of sterility, available sizes and cost. However, there is little published data on most, posing a significant challenge to the reconstructive surgeon trying to compare and select the most suitable product. The aims of this systematic review were to identify, summarize and evaluate the outcomes of studies describing the use of alloplastic adjuncts for post-mastectomy breast reconstruction. The secondary aims were to determine their cost-effectiveness and analyze outcomes in patients who also underwent radiotherapy. Methods Using the PRSIMA 2009 statement, a systematic review was conducted to find articles reporting on the outcomes on the use of alloplastic adjuncts in post-mastectomy breast reconstruction. Multiple databases were searched independently by three authors (Cabalag MS, Miller GS and Chae MP), including: Ovid MEDLINE (1950 to present), Embase (1980 to 2015), PubMed and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. Results Current published literature on available alloplastic adjuncts are predominantly centered on ADMs, both allogeneic and xenogeneic, with few outcome studies available for synthetic meshes. Outcomes on the 89 articles, which met the inclusion criteria, were summarized and analyzed. The reported outcomes on alloplastic adjunct-assisted breast reconstruction were varied, with most data available on the use of ADMs, particularly AlloDerm® (LifeCell, Branchburg, New Jersey, USA). The use of ADMs in single-stage direct-to-implant breast reconstruction resulted in lower complication rates (infection, seroma, implant loss and late revision), and was more cost effective when compared to non-ADM, two-stage reconstruction. The majority of studies demonstrated inferior outcomes in ADM assisted, two-stage expander-to-implant reconstruction compared to non-ADM use. Multiple studies suggest that the use of ADMs results in a reduction of capsular contracture rates. Additionally, the reported beneficial effects of ADM use in irradiated tissue were varied. Conclusions ADM assisted two-stage breast reconstruction was associated with inferior outcomes when compared to non-ADM use. However, alloplastic adjuncts may have a role in single stage, direct-to-implant breast reconstruction. Published evidence comparing the long-term outcomes between the different types of adjuncts is lacking, and further level one studies are required to identify the ideal product. PMID:27047784

Complete blood counts, liver function tests, and chest x-rays as routine screening in early-stage breast cancer: value added or just cost?

PubMed

Louie, Raphael J; Tonneson, Jennifer E; Gowarty, Minda; Goodney, Philip P; Barth, Richard J; Rosenkranz, Kari M

2015-11-01

Current National Comprehensive Cancer Network guidelines for breast cancer staging include pre-treatment complete blood count (CBC) and liver function tests (LFT) to screen for occult metastatic disease. To date, the relevance of these tests in detecting metastatic disease in asymptomatic women with early-stage breast cancer (Stage I/II) has not been demonstrated. Although chest x-rays are no longer recommended in the NCCN guidelines, many centers continue to include this imaging as part of their screening process. We aim to determine the clinical and financial impact of these labs and x-rays in the evaluation of early-stage breast cancer patients. A single institution IRB-approved retrospective chart review was conducted of patients with biopsy-proven invasive breast cancer treated from January 1, 2005–December 31, 2009. We collected patient demographics, clinical and pathologic staging, chest x-ray, CBC, and LFT results at the time of referral. Patients were stratified according to radiographic stage at the time of diagnosis. We obtained Medicare reimbursement fees for cost analysis. From 2005 to 2009, 1609 patients with biopsy-proven invasive breast cancer were treated at our institution. Of the 1082 patients with radiographic stage I/II disease, 27.3 % of patients had abnormal CBCs. No additional testing was performed to evaluate these abnormalities. In the early-stage population, 24.7 % of patients had elevated LFTs, resulting in 84 additional imaging studies. No metastatic disease was detected. The cost of CBC, LFTs and chest x-rays was $110.20 per patient, totaling $106,410.99. Additional tests prompted by abnormal results cost $58,143.30 over the five-year period. We found that pre-treatment CBCs, LFTs, and chest x-rays did not improve detection of occult metastatic disease but resulted in additional financial costs. Avoiding routine ordering of these tests would save the US healthcare system $25.7 million annually.

The first whole transcriptomic exploration of pre-oviposited early chicken embryos using single and bulked embryonic RNA-sequencing.

PubMed

Hwang, Young Sun; Seo, Minseok; Choi, Hee Jung; Kim, Sang Kyung; Kim, Heebal; Han, Jae Yong

2018-04-01

The chicken is a valuable model organism, especially in evolutionary and embryology research because its embryonic development occurs in the egg. However, despite its scientific importance, no transcriptome data have been generated for deciphering the early developmental stages of the chicken because of practical and technical constraints in accessing pre-oviposited embryos. Here, we determine the entire transcriptome of pre-oviposited avian embryos, including oocyte, zygote, and intrauterine embryos from Eyal-giladi and Kochav stage I (EGK.I) to EGK.X collected using a noninvasive approach for the first time. We also compare RNA-sequencing data obtained using a bulked embryo sequencing and single embryo/cell sequencing technique. The raw sequencing data were preprocessed with two genome builds, Galgal4 and Galgal5, and the expression of 17,108 and 26,102 genes was quantified in the respective builds. There were some differences between the two techniques, as well as between the two genome builds, and these were affected by the emergence of long intergenic noncoding RNA annotations. The first transcriptome datasets of pre-oviposited early chicken embryos based on bulked and single embryo sequencing techniques will serve as a valuable resource for investigating early avian embryogenesis, for comparative studies among vertebrates, and for novel gene annotation in the chicken genome.

[One-stage total en bloc spondylectomy and reconstruction via a single posterior approach for thoracic vertebral symptomatic hemangioma associated with spinal cord dysfunction].

PubMed

Song, Ruo-xian; Zhang, Yong-gang; Zhang, Xue-song; Zheng, Guo-quan; Wang, Yan

2012-04-01

To investigate the surgical results of one-stage total en bloc spondylectomy (TES) and reconstruction via a single posterior approach for thoracic symptomatic vertebral hemangioma associated with spinal cord dysfunction and evaluate its curative effect. A total of 9 patients treated with one-stage TES (7 cases) and total vertebrectomy (2 cases) by posterior approach from March 2006 to January 2010 were retrospectively reviewed. The cases included 2 males and 7 females with a median age of 33.6 years (range 14 to 77 years), and with 1 case of Grade A, 3 cases of Grade B, 3 cases of Grade C, 2 cases of Grade D according to Frankel grade system. All patients suffered from moderate to severe pain and neurological deficit with an average symptom duration of 14.4 months (range 3 - 24 months) MRI revealed severe spinal cord compression. The spinal reconstruction was obtained by titanium mesh filled with autograft and posterior internal fixation with rod-screw system. The operation time was 210 minutes on average (180 - 270 minutes) and the average blood loss was 1800 ml (1000 - 5000 ml). The follow-up period lasted from 18 months to 5 years. All cases with preoperative pain relieved after operation. The visual analogue scale pain scores decreased to 1.1 from 8.3 at 3 months after surgery. No disruption of dural mater, cerebrospinal fluid leakage, iatrogenic spinal cord injury and major vessel damage occurred. Up to now, there was no local recurrence in all cases. Significant neurological function improvement was achieved in all patients with one to three grades in Frankel grade system. Fusion of the autograft was well achieved and no internal fixation failure in all patients. One-stage TES and spine reconstruction by a single posterior approach is feasible, safe and effective to this disease. It is favourable in decreasing the hemangioma recurrence and improvement of the neurological function.

The effects of maternal psychosocial factors on parenting attitudes of low-income, single mothers with young children.

PubMed

Lutenbacher, M; Hall, L A

1998-01-01

Although recent evidence implies linkages among depression or depressive symptoms, self-esteem, history of childhood abuse, and parenting attitudes, the evidence does not clearly elucidate the relationships among these variables. To investigate the relationships among maternal psychosocial factors (history of childhood abuse, everyday stressors, self-esteem, and depressive symptoms) and parenting attitudes of low-income, single mothers who have young children. Secondary analyses of data from in-home interviews with 206 low-income, single mothers from a southeastern United States urban area were conducted. A variety of scales, including the Adult-Adolescent Parenting Inventory (AAPI), were used to measure maternal psychosocial factors. Using the AAPI, a Modified Parenting Attitudes Measure (MPAM), and subscales, a three-stage regression procedure was used to test the model. For stages 1 and 2, everyday stressors were the strongest predictor of self-esteem. Childhood sexual abuse, everyday stressors, low self-esteem, and control variables accounted for 58% of variance in depressive symptoms. In the third stage for the AAPI, only control variables were retained except in the Lack of Empathy subscale, where depressive symptoms and control variables accounted for 16% of the variance. The third stage for the MPAM yielded, by subscale: Only control variables predicted Corporal Punishment Beliefs; depressive symptoms were the strongest predictor for the total MPAM (19% of variance) and of the Inappropriate Emotional Expectations subscale (17%); and childhood physical abuse was the only predictor of Role Reversal. Depressive symptoms mediated the effects of childhood abuse, everyday stressors, and self-esteem and provided the linkage between these variables and at-risk parenting attitudes. Self-esteem decreased as everyday stressors increased but did not directly affect parenting attitudes. A relationship was not found between childhood abuse and low self-esteem. This study highlights the complexity of parenting and the need to identify other factors of at-risk parenting not accounted for in this study.

Predicting ecosystem shifts requires new approaches that integrate the effects of climate change across entire systems

PubMed Central

Russell, Bayden D.; Harley, Christopher D. G.; Wernberg, Thomas; Mieszkowska, Nova; Widdicombe, Stephen; Hall-Spencer, Jason M.; Connell, Sean D.

2012-01-01

Most studies that forecast the ecological consequences of climate change target a single species and a single life stage. Depending on climatic impacts on other life stages and on interacting species, however, the results from simple experiments may not translate into accurate predictions of future ecological change. Research needs to move beyond simple experimental studies and environmental envelope projections for single species towards identifying where ecosystem change is likely to occur and the drivers for this change. For this to happen, we advocate research directions that (i) identify the critical species within the target ecosystem, and the life stage(s) most susceptible to changing conditions and (ii) the key interactions between these species and components of their broader ecosystem. A combined approach using macroecology, experimentally derived data and modelling that incorporates energy budgets in life cycle models may identify critical abiotic conditions that disproportionately alter important ecological processes under forecasted climates. PMID:21900317

Investigation of different ethylenediamine-N,N'-disuccinic acid-enhanced washing configurations for remediation of a Cu-contaminated soil: process kinetics and efficiency comparison between single-stage and multi-stage configurations.

PubMed

Ferraro, Alberto; Fabbricino, Massimiliano; van Hullebusch, Eric D; Esposito, Giovanni

2017-09-01

A comparison of Cu extraction yields for three different ethylenediamine-N,N'-disuccinic acid (EDDS)-enhanced washing configurations was performed on a Cu-contaminated soil. Batch experiments were used to simulate a single-stage continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR) and a multi-stage (side feeding and counter-current) reactor. Single-stage CSTR conditions were simulated for various EDDS:(Cu + Cd + Pb + Co + Ni + Zn) molar ratio (EDDS:M ratio) (from 1 to 30) and liquid to soil (L/S) ratio (from 15 to 45). The highest Cu extraction yield (≃56%) was achieved with EDDS:M = 30. In contrast, a Cu extraction yield decrease was observed with increasing L/S ratio with highest extracted Cu achievement (≃48%) for L/S = 15. Side feeding configuration was tested in four experimental conditions through different fractionation mode of EDDS dose and treatment time at each washing step. Results from the four tests showed all enhanced Cu extraction (maximum values from ≃43 to ≃51%) achieved at lower treatment time and lower EDDS:M molar ratio compared to CSTR configuration with L/S = 25 and EDDS:M = 10. The counter-current washing was carried out through two washing flows achieving a process performance enhancement with 27% increase of extracted Cu compared to single-stage CSTR configuration. Higher Cu extraction percentage (36.8%) was observed in the first washing phase than in the second one (24.7%).

Single-stage interpolation flaps in facial reconstruction.

PubMed

Hollmig, S Tyler; Leach, Brian C; Cook, Joel

2014-09-01

Relatively deep and complex surgical defects, particularly when adjacent to or involving free margins, present significant reconstructive challenges. When the use of local flaps is precluded by native anatomic restrictions, interpolation flaps may be modified to address these difficult wounds in a single operative session. To provide a framework to approach difficult soft tissue defects arising near or involving free margins and to demonstrate appropriate design and execution of single-stage interpolation flaps for reconstruction of these wounds. Examination of our utilization of these flaps based on an anatomic region and surgical approach. A region-based demonstration of flap conceptualization, design, and execution is provided. Tunneled, transposed, and deepithelialized variations of single-stage interpolation flaps provide versatile options for reconstruction of a variety of defects encroaching on or involving free margins. The inherently robust vascularity of these flaps supports importation of necessary tissue bulk while allowing aggressive contouring to restore an intricate native topography. Critical flap design allows access to distant tissue reservoirs and placement of favorable incision lines while preserving the inherent advantages of a single operative procedure.

SINGLE-STAGE SPACESHIPS SHOULD BE OUR GOAL

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Hunter, M.W. Jr.

1963-02-01

The ultimate vehicle for manned space travel within the solar system was considered to be the high-performance single-stage spaceship---a vehicle that could travel from earth to points in space and back time after time. If the performance of single-stage rockets can be made high enough, one can begin to think of reusing equipment exactly as in transport airplane practice. The prospects for a practical gaseous fission rocket have brightened with the recent invention of a new family of systems that operates on a basically different principle. The propellant is heated by radiation from the fission plasma, rather than by directmore » intermixing. Several such systems were suggested. Safety factors were considered to make operation of a spaceship propelled by a gaseous-fission engine safe. (C.E.S.)« less

Feasibility study of generating ultra-high harmonic radiation with a single stage echo-enabled harmonic generation scheme

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhou, Kaishang; Feng, Chao; Wang, Dong

2016-10-01

The echo enabled harmonic generation (EEHG) scheme holds the ability for the generation of fully coherent soft x-ray free-electron laser (FEL) pulses directly from external UV seeding sources. In this paper, we study the feasibility of using a single stage EEHG to generate coherent radiation in the "water window" and beyond. Using the high-order operating modes of the EEHG scheme, intensive numerical simulations have been performed considering various three-dimensional effects. The simulation results demonstrated that coherent soft x-ray radiation at 150th harmonic (1.77 nm) of the seed can be produced by a single stage EEHG. The decreasing of the final bunching factor at the desired harmonic caused by intra beam scattering (IBS) effect has also been analyzed.

Two stage gear tooth dynamics program

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Boyd, Linda S.

1989-01-01

The epicyclic gear dynamics program was expanded to add the option of evaluating the tooth pair dynamics for two epicyclic gear stages with peripheral components. This was a practical extension to the program as multiple gear stages are often used for speed reduction, space, weight, and/or auxiliary units. The option was developed for either stage to be a basic planetary, star, single external-external mesh, or single external-internal mesh. The two stage system allows for modeling of the peripherals with an input mass and shaft, an output mass and shaft, and a connecting shaft. Execution of the initial test case indicated an instability in the solution with the tooth paid loads growing to excessive magnitudes. A procedure to trace the instability is recommended as well as a method of reducing the program's computation time by reducing the number of boundary condition iterations.

One-stage versus two-stage exchange arthroplasty for infected total knee arthroplasty: a systematic review.

PubMed

Nagra, Navraj S; Hamilton, Thomas W; Ganatra, Sameer; Murray, David W; Pandit, Hemant

2016-10-01

Infection complicating total knee arthroplasty (TKA) has serious implications. Traditionally the debate on whether one- or two-stage exchange arthroplasty is the optimum management of infected TKA has favoured two-stage procedures; however, a paradigm shift in opinion is emerging. This study aimed to establish whether current evidence supports one-stage revision for managing infected TKA based on reinfection rates and functional outcomes post-surgery. MEDLINE/PubMed and CENTRAL databases were reviewed for studies that compared one- and two-stage exchange arthroplasty TKA in more than ten patients with a minimum 2-year follow-up. From an initial sample of 796, five cohort studies with a total of 231 patients (46 single-stage/185 two-stage; median patient age 66 years, range 61-71 years) met inclusion criteria. Overall, there were no significant differences in risk of reinfection following one- or two-stage exchange arthroplasty (OR -0.06, 95 % confidence interval -0.13, 0.01). Subgroup analysis revealed that in studies published since 2000, one-stage procedures have a significantly lower reinfection rate. One study investigated functional outcomes and reported that one-stage surgery was associated with superior functional outcomes. Scarcity of data, inconsistent study designs, surgical technique and antibiotic regime disparities limit recommendations that can be made. Recent studies suggest one-stage exchange arthroplasty may provide superior outcomes, including lower reinfection rates and superior function, in select patients. Clinically, for some patients, one-stage exchange arthroplasty may represent optimum treatment; however, patient selection criteria and key components of surgical and post-operative anti-microbial management remain to be defined. III.

High-energy 100-ns single-frequency all-fiber laser at 1064 nm

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Fu, Shijie; Shi, Wei; Tang, Zhao; Shi, Chaodu; Bai, Xiaolei; Sheng, Quan; Chavez-Pirson, Arturo; Peyghambarian, N.; Yao, Jianquan

2018-02-01

A high-energy, single-frequency fiber laser with long pulse duration of 100 ns has been experimentally investigated in an all-fiber architecture. Only 34-cm long heavily Yb-doped phosphate fiber was employed in power scaling stage to efficiently suppress the Stimulated Brillouin effect (SBS). In the experiment, 0.47 mJ single pulse energy was achieved in power scaling stage at the pump power of 16 W. The pre-shaped pulse was gradually broadened from 103 to 140 ns during the amplification without shape distortion.

Postotic and preotic cranial neural crest cells differently contribute to thyroid development.

PubMed

Maeda, Kazuhiro; Asai, Rieko; Maruyama, Kazuaki; Kurihara, Yukiko; Nakanishi, Toshio; Kurihara, Hiroki; Miyagawa-Tomita, Sachiko

2016-01-01

Thyroid development and formation vary among species, but in most species the thyroid morphogenesis consists of five stages: specification, budding, descent, bilobation and folliculogenesis. The detailed mechanisms of these stages have not been fully clarified. During early development, the cranial neural crest (CNC) contributes to the thyroid gland. The removal of the postotic CNC (corresponding to rhombomeres 6, 7 and 8, also known as the cardiac neural crest) results in abnormalities of the cardiovascular system, thymus, parathyroid glands, and thyroid gland. To investigate the influence of the CNC on thyroid bilobation process, we divided the CNC into two regions, the postotic CNC and the preotic CNC (from the mesencephalon to rhombomere 5) regions and examined. We found that preotic CNC-ablated embryos had a unilateral thyroid lobe, and confirmed the presence of a single lobe or the absence of lobes in postotic CNC-ablated chick embryos. The thyroid anlage in each region-ablated embryos was of a normal size at the descent stage, but at a later stage, the thyroid in preotic CNC-ablated embryos was of a normal size, conflicting with a previous report in which the thyroid was reduced in size in the postotic CNC-ablated embryos. The postotic CNC cells differentiated into connective tissues of the thyroid in quail-to-chick chimeras. In contrast, the preotic CNC cells did not differentiate into connective tissues of the thyroid. We found that preotic CNC cells encompassed the thyroid anlage from the specification stage to the descent stage. Finally, we found that endothelin-1 and endothelin type A receptor-knockout mice and bosentan (endothelin receptor antagonist)-treated chick embryos showed bilobation anomalies that included single-lobe formation. Therefore, not only the postotic CNC, but also the preotic CNC plays an important role in thyroid morphogenesis. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Rotating Aperture System

DOEpatents

Rusnak, Brian; Hall, James M.; Shen, Stewart; Wood, Richard L.

2005-01-18

A rotating aperture system includes a low-pressure vacuum pumping stage with apertures for passage of a deuterium beam. A stator assembly includes holes for passage of the beam. The rotor assembly includes a shaft connected to a deuterium gas cell or a crossflow venturi that has a single aperture on each side that together align with holes every rotation. The rotating apertures are synchronized with the firing of the deuterium beam such that the beam fires through a clear aperture and passes into the Xe gas beam stop. Portions of the rotor are lapped into the stator to improve the sealing surfaces, to prevent rapid escape of the deuterium gas from the gas cell.

Role of staging laparoscopy in the management of Pancreatic Duct Carcinoma (PDAC): Single-center experience from a tertiary hospital in Brazil.

PubMed

de Jesus, Victor Hugo Fonseca; da Costa Junior, Wilson Luiz; de Miranda Marques, Tomás Mansur Duarte; Diniz, Alessandro Landskron; de Castro Ribeiro, Héber Salvador; de Godoy, André Luis; de Farias, Igor Correia; Coimbra, Felipe José Fernandez

2018-04-01

Proper staging is critical to the management of pancreatic ductal carcinoma (PDAC). Laparoscopy has been used to stage patients without gross metastatic disease with variable success. We aimed to identify the frequency of patients diagnosed by laparoscopy with occult metastatic disease. Also, we looked for variables related to a higher chance of occult metastasis. Patients with PDAC submitted to staging laparoscopy either immediately before pancreatectomy or as a separate procedure between January 2010 and December 2016 were included. None presented gross metastatic disease at initial staging. We used logistic regression to search for variables associated with metastatic disease. The study population consisted of 63 patients. Among all patients, nine (16.7%) had occult metastases at laparoscopy. Unresectable tumor (Odds ratio = 18.0, P = 0.03), increasing tumor size (Odds ratio = 1.36, P = 0.01), and abdominal pain (Odds ratio = 5.6, P = 0.04) significantly predicted the risk of occult metastases in univariate analysis. In multivariate analysis, only tumor size predicted the risk of occult metastases. Laparoscopy remains a valuable tool in PDAC staging. Patients with either large or unresectable tumors, or presenting with abdominal pain present the highest risk for occult intra-abdominal metastases. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

A single blood test adjusted for different liver fibrosis targets improves fibrosis staging and especially cirrhosis diagnosis.

PubMed

Calès, Paul; Boursier, Jérôme; Oberti, Frédéric; Moal, Valérie; Fouchard Hubert, Isabelle; Bertrais, Sandrine; Hunault, Gilles; Rousselet, Marie Christine

2018-04-01

Fibrosis blood tests are usually developed using significant fibrosis, which is a unique diagnostic target; however, these tests are employed for other diagnostic targets, such as cirrhosis. We aimed to improve fibrosis staging accuracy by simultaneously targeting biomarkers for several diagnostic targets. A total of 3,809 patients were included, comprising 1,012 individuals with chronic hepatitis C (CHC) into a derivation population and 2,797 individuals into validation populations of different etiologies (CHC, chronic hepatitis B, human immunodeficiency virus/CHC, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, alcohol) using Metavir fibrosis stages as reference. FibroMeter biomarkers were targeted for different fibrosis-stage combinations into classical scores by logistic regression. Independent scores were combined into a single score reflecting Metavir stages by linear regression and called Multi-FibroMeter Version Second Generation (V2G). The primary objective was to combine the advantages of a test targeted for significant fibrosis (FibroMeter V2G ) with those of a test targeted for cirrhosis (CirrhoMeter V2G ). In the derivation CHC population, we first compared Multi-FibroMeter V2G to FibroMeter V2G and observed significant increases in the cirrhosis area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC), Obuchowski index (reflecting all fibrosis-stage AUROCs), and classification metric (six classes expressed as a correctly classified percentage) and a nonsignificant increase in significant fibrosis AUROC. Thereafter, we compared it to CirroMeter V2G and observed a nonsignificant increase in the cirrhosis AUROC. In all 3,809 patients, respective accuracies for Multi-FibroMeter V2G and FibroMeter V2G were the following: cirrhosis AUROC, 0.906 versus 0.878 ( P < 0.001; versus CirroMeter V2G , 0.897, P = 0.014); Obuchowski index, 0.795 versus 0.791 ( P = 0.059); classification, 86.0% versus 82.1% ( P < 0.001); significant fibrosis AUROC, 0.833 versus 0.832 ( P = 0.366). Multi-FibroMeter V2G had the highest correlation with the area of portoseptal fibrosis and the highest reproducibility over time. Correct classification rates of Multi-FibroMeter with hyaluronate (V2G, 86.0%) or without (V3G, 86.1%) did not differ ( P = 0.938). Conclusion: Multitargeting biomarkers significantly improves fibrosis staging and especially cirrhosis diagnosis compared to classical single-targeted blood tests. ( Hepatology Communications 2018;2:455-466).

Testing of polyimide second-stage rod seals for single-state applications in advanced aircraft hydraulic systems

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Waterman, A. W.

1977-01-01

Machined polyimide second-stage rod seals were evaluated to determine their suitability for single-stage applications where full system pressure acts on the upstream side of the seal. The 6.35-cm (2.5-in.) K-section seal was tested in impulse screening tests where peak pressure was increased in 3.448-MPa (500-psi) increments each 20,000 cycles. Seal failure occurred at 37.92 MPa (5,500 psi), indicating a potential for acceptability in a 27.58-MPa (4,000-psi) system. Static pressurization for 600 sec at pressures in excess of 10.34 MPa (1,500 psi) revealed structural inadequacy of the seal cross section to resist fracture and extrusion. Endurance testing showed the seals capable of at least 65,000 1.27-cm (0.5-in.) cycles at 450 K (350 F) without leakage. It was concluded that the second-stage seals were proven to be exceptional in the 1.379-MPa (200-psi) applications for which they were designed, but polyimide material properties are not adequate for use in this design at pressure loading equivalent to that present in single-stage applications.

User's design handbook for a Standardized Control Module (SCM) for DC to DC Converters, volume 2

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Lee, F. C.

1980-01-01

A unified design procedure is presented for selecting the key SCM control parameters for an arbitrarily given power stage configuration and parameter values, such that all regulator performance specifications can be met and optimized concurrently in a single design attempt. All key results and performance indices, for buck, boost, and buck/boost switching regulators which are relevant to SCM design considerations are included to facilitate frequent references.

Primary coal crushers grow to meet demand

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Fiscor, S.

2009-09-15

Mine operators look for more throughput with less fines generation in primary crushers (defined here as single role crushers and two stage crushers). The article gives advice on crusher selection and application. Some factors dictating selection include the desired product size, capacity, Hard Grove grindability index, percentage of rock to be freed and hardness of that rock. The hardness of coal probably has greatest impact on product fineness. 2 refs., 1 fig., 1 tab.

Life and Utilization Criteria Identification in Design (LUCID). Volume 1

DTIC Science & Technology

1981-10-01

stator, seal /spacer, etc. weights are added to these rotor weights in estimating module weights. Weights of other engine modules (combustor, augmentor...of turbine airfoil/platform cooling air and disk cooling/ seal leakage air), number of vanes and blades for the single stage high-pressure turbine, and...subroutines include hubs, shafts, seals and spacers in estimating rotor weights. Module weight is estimated by adding case and stator weights to the rotor

Nonimaging concentrators for solar thermal energy

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Winston, R.; Gallagher, J. J.

1980-03-01

A small experimental solar collector test facility was used to explore applications of nonimaging optics for solar thermal concentration in three substantially different configurations: a single stage system with moderate concentration on an evacuated absorber (a 5.25X evacuated tube Compound Parabolic Concentrator or CPC), a two stage system with high concentration and a non-evacuated absorber (a 16X Fresnel lens/CPC type mirror) and moderate concentration single stage systems with non-evacuated absorbers for lower temperature (a 3X and a 6.5X CPC). Prototypes of each of these systems were designed, built and tested. The performance characteristics are presented.

Step-response of a torsional device with multiple discontinuous non-linearities: Formulation of a vibratory experiment

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Krak, Michael D.; Dreyer, Jason T.; Singh, Rajendra

2016-03-01

A vehicle clutch damper is intentionally designed to contain multiple discontinuous non-linearities, such as multi-staged springs, clearances, pre-loads, and multi-staged friction elements. The main purpose of this practical torsional device is to transmit a wide range of torque while isolating torsional vibration between an engine and transmission. Improved understanding of the dynamic behavior of the device could be facilitated by laboratory measurement, and thus a refined vibratory experiment is proposed. The experiment is conceptually described as a single degree of freedom non-linear torsional system that is excited by an external step torque. The single torsional inertia (consisting of a shaft and torsion arm) is coupled to ground through parallel production clutch dampers, which are characterized by quasi-static measurements provided by the manufacturer. Other experimental objectives address physical dimensions, system actuation, flexural modes, instrumentation, and signal processing issues. Typical measurements show that the step response of the device is characterized by three distinct non-linear regimes (double-sided impact, single-sided impact, and no-impact). Each regime is directly related to the non-linear features of the device and can be described by peak angular acceleration values. Predictions of a simplified single degree of freedom non-linear model verify that the experiment performs well and as designed. Accordingly, the benchmark measurements could be utilized to validate non-linear models and simulation codes, as well as characterize dynamic parameters of the device including its dissipative properties.

Clipping affects flowering of California poppy at two growth stages

Treesearch

Raymond D. Ratliff; Richard L. Hubbard

1975-01-01

The effects of clipping California-poppy (Eschscholzia californica Cham.) at various growth stages on plant survival, flowering, herbage yield, and root production were studied at the San Joaquin Experimental Range, in central California. Plants were clipped once to a 2-cm stubble at one of six stages. Through the early reproductive stage, a single...

Transcriptomic Analysis of Grapevine (cv. Summer Black) Leaf, Using the Illumina Platform

PubMed Central

Pervaiz, Tariq; Haifeng, Jia; Salman Haider, Muhammad; Cheng, Zhang; Cui, Mengjie; Wang, Mengqi; Cui, Liwen; Wang, Xicheng; Fang, Jinggui

2016-01-01

Proceeding to illumina sequencing, determining RNA integrity numbers for poly RNA were separated from each of the four developmental stages of cv. Summer Black leaves by using Illumina HiSeq™ 2000. The sums of 272,941,656 reads were generated from vitis vinifera leaf at four different developmental stages, with more than 27 billion nucleotides of the sequence data. At each growth stage, RNA samples were indexed through unique nucleic acid identifiers and sequenced. KEGG annotation results depicted that the highest number of transcripts in 2,963 (2Avs4A) followed by 1Avs4A (2,920), and 3Avs4A (2,294) out of 15,614 (71%) transcripts were recorded. In comparison, a total of 1,532 transcripts were annotated in GOs, including Cellular component, with the highest number in “Cell part” 251 out of 353 transcripts (71.1%), followed by intracellular organelle 163 out of 353 transcripts (46.2%), while in molecular function and metabolic process 375 out of 525 (71.4%) transcripts, multicellular organism process 40 out of 525 (7.6%) transcripts in biological process were most common in 1Avs2A. While in case of 1Avs3A, cell part 476 out of 662 transcripts (71.9%), and membrane-bounded organelle 263 out of 662 transcripts (39.7%) were recorded in Cellular component. In the grapevine transcriptome, during the initial stages of leaf development 1Avs2A showed single transcript was down-regulated and none of them were up-regulated. While in comparison of 1A to 3A showed one up-regulated (photosystem II reaction center protein C) and one down regulated (conserved gene of unknown function) transcripts, during the hormone regulating pathway namely SAUR-like auxin-responsive protein family having 2 up-regulated and 7 down-regulated transcripts, phytochrome-associated protein showed 1 up-regulated and 9 down-regulated transcripts, whereas genes associated with the Leucine-rich repeat protein kinase family protein showed 7 up-regulated and 1 down-regulated transcript, meanwhile Auxin Resistant 2 has single up-regulated transcript in second developmental stage, although 3 were down-regulated at lateral growth stages (3A and 4A). In the present study, 489 secondary metabolic pathways related genes were identified during leaf growth, which mainly includes alkaloid (40), anthocyanins (21), Diterpenoid (144), Monoterpenoid (90) and Flavonoids (93). Quantitative real-time PCR was applied to validate 10 differentially expressed transcripts patterns from flower, leaf and fruit metabolic pathways at different growth stages. PMID:26824474

Cultivation of E. coli in single- and ten-stage tower-loop reactors.

PubMed

Adler, I; Schügerl, K

1983-02-01

E. Coli was cultivated in batch and continuous operations in the presence of an antifoam agent in stirred-tank and in single- and ten-stage airlift tower reactors with an outer loop. The maximum specific growth rate, mu(m), the substrate yield coefficient, Y(x/s), the respiratory quotient, RQ, substrate conversion, U(s), the volumetric mass transfer coefficient, K(L)a, the specific interfacial area, a, and the specific power input, P/V(L), were measured and compared. If a medium is used with a concentration of complex substrates (extracts) 2.5 times higher than that of glucose, a spectrum of C sources is available and cell regulation influences reactor performance. Both mu(m) and Y(X/S), which were evaluated in batch reactors, cannot be used for continuous reactors or, when measured in stirred-tank reactors, cannot be employed for tower-loop reactors: mu(m) is higher in the stirred-tank batch than in the tower-loop batch reactor, mu(m) and Y(x/s) are higher in the continuous reactor than in the batch single-stage tower-loop reactor. The performance of the single-stage is better than that of the ten-stage reactor due to the inefficient trays employed. A reduction of the medium recirculation rate reduces OTR, U(s), Pr, and Y(X/S) and causes cell sedimentation and flocculation. The volumetric mass transfer coefficient is reduced with increasing cultivation time; the Sauter bubble diameter, d(s), remains constant and does not depend on operational conditions. An increase in the medium recirculation rate reduces k(L)a. The specific power input, P/V(L), for the single-stage tower loop is much lower with the same k(L)a value than for a stirred tank. The relationship k(L)a vs. P/V(L) evaluated for model media in stirred tanks, can also be used for cultivations in these reactors.

SU-E-T-480: Radiobiological Dose Comparison of Single Fraction SRS, Multi-Fraction SRT and Multi-Stage SRS of Large Target Volumes Using the Linear-Quadratic Formula

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Ding, C; Hrycushko, B; Jiang, S

2014-06-01

Purpose: To compare the radiobiological effect on large tumors and surrounding normal tissues from single fraction SRS, multi-fractionated SRT, and multi-staged SRS treatment. Methods: An anthropomorphic head phantom with a centrally located large volume target (18.2 cm{sup 3}) was scanned using a 16 slice large bore CT simulator. Scans were imported to the Multiplan treatment planning system where a total prescription dose of 20Gy was used for a single, three staged and three fractionated treatment. Cyber Knife treatment plans were inversely optimized for the target volume to achieve at least 95% coverage of the prescription dose. For the multistage plan,more » the target was segmented into three subtargets having similar volume and shape. Staged plans for individual subtargets were generated based on a planning technique where the beam MUs of the original plan on the total target volume are changed by weighting the MUs based on projected beam lengths within each subtarget. Dose matrices for each plan were export in DICOM format and used to calculate equivalent dose distributions in 2Gy fractions using an alpha beta ratio of 10 for the target and 3 for normal tissue. Results: Singe fraction SRS, multi-stage plan and multi-fractionated SRT plans had an average 2Gy dose equivalent to the target of 62.89Gy, 37.91Gy and 33.68Gy, respectively. The normal tissue within 12Gy physical dose region had an average 2Gy dose equivalent of 29.55Gy, 16.08Gy and 13.93Gy, respectively. Conclusion: The single fraction SRS plan had the largest predicted biological effect for the target and the surrounding normal tissue. The multi-stage treatment provided for a more potent biologically effect on target compared to the multi-fraction SRT treatments with less biological normal tissue than single-fraction SRS treatment.« less

An automated two-dimensional optical force clamp for single molecule studies.

PubMed Central

Lang, Matthew J; Asbury, Charles L; Shaevitz, Joshua W; Block, Steven M

2002-01-01

We constructed a next-generation optical trapping instrument to study the motility of single motor proteins, such as kinesin moving along a microtubule. The instrument can be operated as a two-dimensional force clamp, applying loads of fixed magnitude and direction to motor-coated microscopic beads moving in vitro. Flexibility and automation in experimental design are achieved by computer control of both the trap position, via acousto-optic deflectors, and the sample position, using a three-dimensional piezo stage. Each measurement is preceded by an initialization sequence, which includes adjustment of bead height relative to the coverslip using a variant of optical force microscopy (to +/-4 nm), a two-dimensional raster scan to calibrate position detector response, and adjustment of bead lateral position relative to the microtubule substrate (to +/-3 nm). During motor-driven movement, both the trap and stage are moved dynamically to apply constant force while keeping the trapped bead within the calibrated range of the detector. We present details of force clamp operation and preliminary data showing kinesin motor movement subject to diagonal and forward loads. PMID:12080136

[Primary, single-stage arterial switch operations at a newly-established, comprehensive congenital cardiac center performed in the neonatal age and beyond].

PubMed

Király, László; Tamás, Csaba

2015-06-21

Outcome of arterial switch operation for transposition of the great arteries with/without ventricular septal defect is a service key-performance-indicator. The aim of the authors was to assess patient characteristics and parameters in the perioperative course. In the setting of a newly-established, comprehensive tertiary-care center, primary complete repair was performed including associated anomalies, e.g. transverse arch repairs. Patients with d-transposition were grouped according to coexistence of ventricular septal defect. 118 arterial switch operations were performed between 2007 and 2014 with 96.62% survival (114/118). Ventricular septal defect and repair of associated anomalies did not yield worse outcome. Left ventricular re-training with late presentation necessitated mechanical circulatory support for 4.5±1.5 days. D-transposition is suitable for standardization of clinical algorithm and surgical technique. Quality standards contribute to excellent outcomes, minimize complications, and serve as blueprint for other neonatal open-heart procedures. Availability of mechanical circulatory support is key for single-stage left ventricular re-training beyond the neonatal period.

Optimization of Turbine Rim Seals

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Wagner, J. H.; Tew, D. E.; Stetson, G. M.; Sabnis, J. S.

2006-01-01

Experiments are being conducted to gain an understanding of the physics of rim scale cavity ingestion in a turbine stage with the high-work, single-stage characteristics envisioned for Advanced Subsonic Transport (AST) aircraft gas turbine engines fo the early 21st century. Initial experimental measurements to be presented include time-averaged turbine rim cavity and main gas path static pressure measurements for rim seal coolant to main gas path mass flow ratios between 0 and 0.02. The ultimate objective of this work is develop improved rim seal design concepts for use in modern high-work, single sage turbines n order to minimize the use of secondary coolant flow. Toward this objective the time averaged and unsteady data to be obtained in these experiments will be used to 1) Quantify the impact of the rim cavity cooling air on the ingestion process. 2) Quantify the film cooling benefits of the rim cavity purge flow in the main gas path. 3) Quantify the impact of the cooling air on turbine efficiency. 4) Develop/evaluate both 3D CFD and analytical models of the ingestion/cooling process.

A high power, pulsed, microwave amplifier for a synthetique aperture radar electrical model. Phase 1: Design

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Atkinson, J. E.; Barker, G. G.; Feltham, S. J.; Gabrielson, S.; Lane, P. C.; Matthews, V. J.; Perring, D.; Randall, J. P.; Saunders, J. W.; Tuck, R. A.

1982-05-01

An electrical model klystron amplifier was designed. Its features include a gridded gun, a single stage depressed collector, a rare earth permanent magnet focusing system, an input loop, six rugged tuners and a coaxial line output section incorporating a coaxial-to-waveguide transducer and a pillbox window. At each stage of the design, the thermal and mechanical aspects were investigated and optimized within the framework of the RF specification. Extensive use was made of data from the preliminary design study and from RF measurements on the breadboard model. In an additional study, a comprehensive draft tube specification has been produced. Great emphasis has been laid on a second additional study on space-qualified materials and processes.

Fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography–computed tomography in evaluation of pelvic and para-aortic nodal involvement in early stage and operable cervical cancer: Comparison with surgicopathological findings

PubMed Central

Bansal, Vandana; Damania, Kaizad; Sharma, Anshu Rajnish

2011-01-01

Introduction: Nodal metastases in cervical cancer have prognostic implications. Imaging is used as an adjunct to clinical staging for evaluation of nodal metastases. Fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) has an advantage of superior resolution of its CT component and detecting nodal disease based on increased glycolytic activity rather than node size. But there are limited studies describing its limitations in early stage cervical cancers. Objective: We have done meta-analysis with an objective to evaluate the efficacy of FDG PET/CT and its current clinical role in early stage and operable cervical cancer. Materials and Methods: Studies in which FDG PET/CT was performed before surgery in patients with early stage cervical cancers were included for analysis. PET findings were confirmed with histopathological diagnosis rather than clinical follow-up. FDG PET/CT showed lower sensitivity and clinically unacceptable negative predictive value in detecting nodal metastases in early stage cervical cancer and therefore, can not replace surgicopathological staging. False negative results in presence of microscopic disease and sub-centimeter diseased nodes are still the area of concern for metabolic imaging. However, these studies are single institutional and performed in a small group of patients. There is enough available evidence of clinical utility of FDG PET/CT in locally advanced cervical cancer. But these results can not be extrapolated for early stage disease. Conclusion: The current data suggest that FDG PET/CT is suboptimal in nodal staging in early stage cervical cancer. PMID:23559711

Outcome after associating liver partition and portal vein ligation for staged hepatectomy and conventional two-stage hepatectomy for colorectal liver metastases.

PubMed

Adam, R; Imai, K; Castro Benitez, C; Allard, M-A; Vibert, E; Sa Cunha, A; Cherqui, D; Baba, H; Castaing, D

2016-10-01

Although associating liver partition and portal vein ligation for staged hepatectomy (ALPPS) has been increasingly adopted by many centres, the oncological outcome for colorectal liver metastases compared with that after two-stage hepatectomy is still unknown. Between January 2010 and June 2014, all consecutive patients who underwent either ALPPS or two-stage hepatectomy for colorectal liver metastases in a single institution were included in the study. Morbidity, mortality, disease recurrence and survival were compared. The two groups were comparable in terms of clinicopathological characteristics. ALPPS was completed in all 17 patients, whereas the second-stage hepatectomy could not be completed in 15 of 41 patients. Ninety-day mortality rates for ALPPS and two-stage resection were 0 per cent (0 of 17) versus 5 per cent (2 of 41) (P = 0·891). Major complication rates (Clavien grade at least III) were 41 per cent (7 of 17) and 39 per cent (16 of 41) respectively (P = 0·999). Overall survival was significantly lower after ALPPS than after two-stage hepatectomy: 2-year survival 42 versus 77 per cent respectively (P = 0·006). Recurrent disease was more often seen in the liver in the ALPPS group. Salvage surgery was less often performed after ALPPS (2 of 8 patients) than after two-stage hepatectomy (10 of 17). Although major complication and 90-day mortality rates of ALPPS were similar to those of two-stage hepatectomy, overall survival was significantly lower following ALPPS. © 2016 BJS Society Ltd Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Surgery versus radiation therapy as single-modality treatment of tonsillar fossa carcinoma: the Roswell Park Cancer Institute experience (1971-1991).

PubMed

Hicks, W L; Kuriakose, M A; Loree, T R; Orner, J B; Schwartz, G; Mullins, A; Donaldson, C; Winston, J M; Bakamjian, V Y

1998-07-01

To compare the efficacy and treatment outcomes in patients with tonsillar fossa cancer using surgery or radiation as a single modality therapy. From 1971 to 1991 239 patients with oral pharyngeal cancer were treated at Roswell Park Cancer Institute. Of these patients 90 had tonsillar carcinoma. Seventy-six of these patients received either surgery (SA) (n = 56) or radiation therapy (RA) (n = 20) as single-modality therapy and are the subject of this review. All patients in the radiation arm of this review were surgical candidates who declined primary surgical therapy. Sixty-three percent of the SA and 80% of the RA treatment groups presented with either stage III or stage IV disease (P < or = .05). Forty-seven percent of the SA group and 52% of the RA patients had clinically positive regional disease at initial presentation. There was a predictable pattern of nodal presentation, with level II the most frequently involved region. The rate of occult metastasis was 27% and was evenly distributed between T1 and T4 disease. The overall local control rate in the SA group was 75%, compared with 60% in the RA group (P value was not significant). The disease-specific survival (all stages) was 61% in the SA group and 37% in the RA group (P < or = .05). The disease-free survival for stage III and stage IV disease in the SA group was 47% and in the RA group 27% (P < or = .05). Survival measured against clinical response to radiation therapy, in complete responders (all stages) was 83%; by contrast there were no survivors past 24 months in the partial response group (P < or = .001). The results from this study suggest that for early disease (stage I/II), surgery or radiation therapy as single-modality treatment is equally effective. For advanced disease radiation therapy is inferior to surgery as a single-modality treatment, as measured by ultimate survival and the local control of disease. There is, however, a subset of patients with advanced disease who respond to radiation therapy and whose survival is equivalent to our surgical cohort of patients.

Frictional processes of bimaterial interfaces at seismic slip rates.

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Passelegue, F. X.; Fabbri, O.; Leclère, H.; Spagnuolo, E.; Di Toro, G.

2017-12-01

Large subduction earthquakes ruptures propagate from crustal rock toward the sea floor along frictional interfaces of different lythologies. Up to now, frictional processes of rocks were mainly investigated along single material experimental faults. Here, we present the results of high velocity friction experiments coupled with high frequency acoustic monitoring system on biomaterial interfaces including gabbro, pyroxenite and serpentinized peridotite (>95%), following a recent field investigation highlighting bimaterial contacts in the Corsica ophiolitic nappe. We first studied the frictional processes of single materials which result in a mechanical behaviour comparable to previous studies. Both gabbro and pyroxenite exhibit two weakening stages. The first one corresponds to flash heating and the second stage occurs concomitantly with complete melting of the interface. In the case of serpentinite, only one weakening stage is observed, after a weakening slip distance of only few centimeters. We then conducted bimaterial experiments. The two couples tested were gabbro/pyroxenite and gabbro/serpentinite, as observed along natural fault zones (Corsica, France). In the case of gabbro/serpentinite, we observe that frictional processes are controlled by serpentinite. Mechanical curves replicate the behaviour of single serpentinite friction experiments. We observe that few melting occurs, and that the product of experiments consists in fine grained cataclasite, as observed in the field. The case of gabbro/pyroxenite is more complicated. The first weakening is controlled by the lithology of the sample installed on the static part of the rotary apparatus. However, the second weakening is controlled by the gabbro and mechanical curves are identical than those obtained in the case of single gabbro experiments. Supported by microstructural analysis and acoustic activity, our results suggest that frictional processes of bimaterial interfaces are controlled by the material presenting the lower weakening temperature. Finally, we show that bimaterial interfaces are expected to affect locally the rate of the stress transfer during large earthquakes, and induce accelerations or decelerations of the rupture front, explaining local emissions of high frequencies recorded during large ruptures.

Multiple neoplasms, single primaries, and patient survival

PubMed Central

Amer, Magid H

2014-01-01

Background Multiple primary neoplasms in surviving cancer patients are relatively common, with an increasing incidence. Their impact on survival has not been clearly defined. Methods This was a retrospective review of clinical data for all consecutive patients with histologically confirmed cancer, with emphasis on single versus multiple primary neoplasms. Second primaries discovered at the workup of the index (first) primary were termed simultaneous, if discovered within 6 months of the index primary were called synchronous, and if discovered after 6 months were termed metachronous. Results Between 2005 and 2012, of 1,873 cancer patients, 322 developed second malignancies; these included two primaries (n=284), and three or more primaries (n=38). Forty-seven patients had synchronous primaries and 275 had metachronous primaries. Patients with multiple primaries were predominantly of Caucasian ancestry (91.0%), with a tendency to develop thrombosis (20.2%), had a strong family history of similar cancer (22.3%), and usually presented with earlier stage 0 through stage II disease (78.9%). When compared with 1,551 patients with a single primary, these figures were 8.9%, 15.6%, 18.3%, and 50.9%, respectively (P≤0.001). Five-year survival rates were higher for metachronous cancers (95%) than for synchronous primaries (59%) and single primaries (59%). The worst survival rate was for simultaneous concomitant multiple primaries, being a median of 1.9 years. The best survival was for patients with three or more primaries (median 10.9 years) and was similar to the expected survival for the age-matched and sex-matched general population (P=0.06991). Conclusion Patients with multiple primaries are usually of Caucasian ancestry, have less aggressive malignancies, present at earlier stages, frequently have a strong family history of similar cancer, and their cancers tend to have indolent clinical behavior with longer survival rates, possibly related to genetic predisposition. PMID:24623992

Downstream processing of antibodies: single-stage versus multi-stage aqueous two-phase extraction.

PubMed

Rosa, P A J; Azevedo, A M; Ferreira, I F; Sommerfeld, S; Bäcker, W; Aires-Barros, M R

2009-12-11

Single-stage and multi-stage strategies have been evaluated and compared for the purification of human antibodies using liquid-liquid extraction in aqueous two-phase systems (ATPSs) composed of polyethylene glycol 3350 (PEG 3350), dextran, and triethylene glycol diglutaric acid (TEG-COOH). The performance of single-stage extraction systems was firstly investigated by studying the effect of pH, TEG-COOH concentration and volume ratio on the partitioning of the different components of a Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells supernatant. It was observed that lower pH values and high TEG-COOH concentrations favoured the selective extraction of human immunoglobulin G (IgG) to the PEG-rich phase. Higher recovery yields, purities and percentage of contaminants removal were always achieved in the presence of the ligand, TEG-COOH. The extraction of IgG could be enhanced using higher volume ratios, however with a significant decrease in both purity and percentage of contaminants removal. The best single-stage extraction conditions were achieved for an ATPS containing 1.3% (w/w) TEG-COOH with a volume ratio of 2.2, which allowed the recovery of 96% of IgG in the PEG-rich phase with a final IgG concentration of 0.21mg/mL, a protein purity of 87% and a total purity of 43%. In order to enhance simultaneously both recovery yield and purity, a four stage cross-current operation was simulated and the corresponding liquid-liquid equilibrium (LLE) data determined. A predicted optimised scheme of a counter-current multi-stage aqueous two-phase extraction was hence described. IgG can be purified in the PEG-rich top phase with a final recovery yield of 95%, a final concentration of 1.04mg/mL and a protein purity of 93%, if a PEG/dextran ATPS containing 1.3% (w/w) TEG-COOH, 5 stages and volume ratio of 0.4 are used. Moreover, according to the LLE data of all CHO cells supernatant components, it was possible to observe that most of the cells supernatant contaminants can be removed during this extraction step leading to a final total purity of about 85%.

Tritium pellet injector for the tokamak fusion test reactor

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gouge, M. J.; Baylor, L. R.; Combs, S. K.; Fisher, P. W.; Foust, C. R.; Milora, S. L.

The tritium pellet injector (TPI) for the Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor (TFTR) will provide a tritium pellet fueling capability with pellet speeds in the 1- to 3-km/s range for the TFTR deuterium-tritium (D-T) plasma phase. An existing deuterium pellet injector (DPI) was modified at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) to provide a four-shot, tritium-compatible, pipe-gun configuration with three upgraded single-stage pneumatic guns and a two-stage light gas gun driver. The TPI was designed for frozen pellets ranging in size from 3 to 4 mm in diameter in arbitrarily programmable firing sequences at tritium pellet speeds up to approximately 1.5 km/s for the three single-stage drivers and 2.5 to 3 km/s for the two-stage driver. Injector operation is controlled by a programmable logic controller (PLC). The new pipe-gun injector assembly was installed in the modified DPI guard vacuum box, and modifications were also made to the internals of the DPI vacuum injection line, including a new pellet diagnostics package. Assembly of these modified parts with existing DPI components was then completed and the TPI was tested at ORNL with deuterium pellets. Results of the testing program at ORNL are described. The TPI has been installed and operated on TFTR in support of the FY-92 deuterium plasma run period. In 1993, the tritium pellet injector will be retrofitted with a D-T fuel manifold and tritium gloveboxes and integrated into TFTR tritium processing systems to provide full tritium pellet capability.

Improving the performance of enzymes in hydrolysis of high solids paper pulp derived from MSW.

PubMed

Puri, Dhivya J; Heaven, Sonia; Banks, Charles J

2013-01-01

The research aimed to improve the overall conversion efficiency of the CTec® family of enzymes by identifying factors that lead to inhibition and seeking methods to overcome these through process modification and manipulation. The starting material was pulp derived from municipal solid waste and processed in an industrial-scale washing plant. Analysis of the pulp by acid hydrolysis showed a ratio of 55 : 12 : 6 : 24 : 3 of glucan : xylan : araban/galactan/mannan : lignin : ash. At high total solids content (>18.5% TS) single-stage enzyme hydrolysis gave a maximum glucan conversion of 68%. It was found that two-stage hydrolysis could give higher conversion if sugar inhibition was removed by an intermediate fermentation step between hydrolysis stages. This, however, was not as effective as direct removal of the sugar products, including xylose, by washing of the residual pulp at pH 5. This improved the water availability and allowed reactivation of the pulp-bound enzymes. Inhibition of enzyme activity could further be alleviated by replenishment of β-glucosidase which was shown to be removed during the wash step. The two-stage hydrolysis process developed could give an overall glucan conversion of 88%, with an average glucose concentration close to 8% in 4 days, thus providing an ideal starting point for ethanol fermentation with a likely yield of 4 wt%. This is a significant improvement over a single-step process. This hydrolysis configuration also provides the potential to recover the sugars associated with residual solids which are diluted when washing hydrolysed pulp.

Mass Transfer Testing of a 12.5-cm Rotor Centrifugal Contactor

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

D. H. Meikrantz; T. G. Garn; J. D. Law

2008-09-01

TRUEX mass transfer tests were performed using a single stage commercially available 12.5 cm centrifugal contactor and stable cerium (Ce) and europium (Eu). Test conditions included throughputs ranging from 2.5 to 15 Lpm and rotor speeds of 1750 and 2250 rpm. Ce and Eu extraction forward distribution coefficients ranged from 13 to 19. The first and second stage strip back distributions were 0.5 to 1.4 and .002 to .004, respectively, throughout the dynamic test conditions studied. Visual carryover of aqueous entrainment in all organic phase samples was estimated at < 0.1 % and organic carryover into all aqueous phase samplesmore » was about ten times less. Mass transfer efficiencies of = 98 % for both Ce and Eu in the extraction section were obtained over the entire range of test conditions. The first strip stage mass transfer efficiencies ranged from 75 to 93% trending higher with increasing throughput. Second stage mass transfer was greater than 99% in all cases. Increasing the rotor speed from 1750 to 2250 rpm had no significant effect on efficiency for all throughputs tested.« less

Ares I Stage Separation System Design Certification Testing

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Mayers, Stephen L.; Beard, Bernard B.; Smith, R. Kenneth; Patterson, Alan

2009-01-01

NASA is committed to the development of a new crew launch vehicle, the Ares I, that can support human missions to low Earth orbit (LEO) and the moon with unprecedented safety and reliability. NASA's Constellation program comprises the Ares I and Ares V launch vehicles, the Orion crew vehicle, and the Altair lunar lander. Based on historical precedent, stage separation is one of the most significant technical and systems engineering challenges that must be addressed in order to achieve this commitment. This paper surveys historical separation system tests that have been completed in order to ensure staging of other launch vehicles. Key separation system design trades evaluated for Ares I include single vs. dual separation plane options, retro-rockets vs. pneumatic gas actuators, small solid motor quantity/placement/timing, and continuous vs. clamshell interstage configuration options. Both subscale and full-scale tests are required to address the prediction of complex dynamic loading scenarios present during staging events. Test objectives such as separation system functionality, and pyroshock and debris field measurements for the full-scale tests are described. Discussion about the test article, support infrastructure and instrumentation are provided.

Prognostic value of the 8th edition of the tumor-node-metastasis classification for patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma: a single-institution study at a high-volume center in Japan.

PubMed

Ito, Yasuhiro; Miyauchi, Akira; Hirokawa, Mitsuyoshi; Yamamoto, Masatoshi; Oda, Hitomi; Masuoka, Hiroo; Sasai, Hisanori; Fukushima, Mitsuhiro; Higashiyama, Takuya; Kihara, Minoru; Miya, Akihiro

2018-04-20

The tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) staging system is most commonly adopted to evaluate the prognosis of patients with thyroid carcinoma. The 8 th edition of the TNM staging system, an extensively revised version of the 7 th edition, was recently released. We aimed to investigate whether and how well the 8 th edition reflects the cause-specific survival (CSS) of patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma by analyzing the cases in 5,892 patients who underwent initial surgery at Kuma Hospital between 1987 and 2005. The median postoperative follow-up duration was 178 months (range: 6-357 months). One patient with T4b disease was excluded from the analysis. Overall, 116 (2.0%) patients died of thyroid carcinoma. The proportion of variance explained (PVE) for CSS in the 7 th and 8 th editions was 10.69 and 10.97, respectively. Using the 7 th edition, CSS of patients with stage IVA and stage III disease was similar (p = 0.32). In contrast, using the 8 th edition, CSS was poorer in stage II than in stage I (p < 0.001), in stage III than in stage II (p < 0.001), and in stage IVB than in stage III (p < 0.001). Similar results were observed for disease-free survival. Although we could not establish any objective evidence that the 8 th edition is superior to the 7 th edition, the 8 th edition is simpler and more convenient, as it includes fewer stages and addresses the issue of the 7 th edition where stage IVA and III patients had similar prognoses.

Role of endorectal coil magnetic resonance imaging in treatment of patients with prostate cancer and in determining radical prostatectomy surgical margin status: report of a single surgeon's practice.

PubMed

Zhang, Jian Qing; Loughlin, Kevin R; Zou, Kelly H; Haker, Steven; Tempany, Clare M C

2007-06-01

To evaluate the role of the combination of endorectal coil and external multicoil array magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the management of prostate cancer and predicting the surgical margin status in a single-surgeon practice. We reviewed all patients referred by a single surgeon from January 1993 to May 2002 for staging prostate MRI before selecting treatment. All MRI examinations were performed using 1.5T (Signa, GE Medical Systems) with a combination of endorectal and pelvic multicoil array. The tumor size, stage, and total gland volume on MRI, prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level, and Gleason score were all compared with the pathologic stage and diagnosis of positive surgical margins (PSMs). A total of 232 patients were evaluated, of whom 110 underwent radical prostatectomy, all performed by one surgeon (group 1), and 122 did not (group 2). The results showed that MRI stage, PSA level, and age were all significantly different (P <0.001). In group 1, the results showed a high specificity (99%) and accuracy (91%) for MRI staging of T3 cancer. The postoperative follow-up (median 4.5 years) revealed that 90% of men had PSA levels of less than 0.1 ng/mL. The PSM rate was 16%. No significant difference was found on MRI between the PSM group and non-PSM group. A single tumor length greater than 1.8 cm was the cutpoint above which PSMs were found (P = 0.002). The results of our study have shown that the combined use of clinical data and endorectal MRI can help optimize patient treatment and selection for surgery and, in a single surgeon's practice, lead to successful outcomes.

The Role of Endorectal Coil MRI in the management of patients with prostate cancer and in determining radical prostatectomy surgical margin status: A report of a single surgeon's practice

PubMed Central

Zhang, Jianqing; Loughlin, Kevin R.; Zou, Kelly H.; Haker, Steven; Tempany, Clare M.C.

2009-01-01

Objective To evaluate the role of combination of endorectal coil and external multicoil array MRI in the management of prostate cancer and predicting the surgical margin status in a single surgical practice. Materials and Methods We reviewed all patients referred by a single surgeon from January 1993 to May 2002 for staging prostate MRI prior to selecting treatment. All MRI examinations were performed using 1.5T (Signa; GE Medical Systems) with a combination of endorectal and pelvic multi-coil array. The tumor size, stage and total gland volume on MR, PSA and Gleason grade were all compared with the pathological stage and diagnosis of positive surgical margin (PSM). Result A total of 232 patients were evaluated, of which 110 underwent radical prostatectomy all performed by one surgeon (Group 1), and 122 did not (Group 2). The results showed MRI stage, PSA and age, all significantly different (P<0.001). In Group 1, the results showed a high specificity (99%) and accuracy (91%) of the MRI staging T3. Post-surgical follow up (median 4.5 years) showed 90% of men had PSA levels below 0.1ng/ml. The positive surgical margin (PSM) rate was 16%. There was no significant difference found on MR imaging between PSM group and non-PSM group. A single tumor length above 1.8cm was the cut point above which there was PSM (P=0.002). Conclusion In conclusion, the combined use of clinical data and endorectal MR imaging can help optimize patient management and selection for surgery, and in a single surgeon's practice lead to successful outcomes. PMID:17572201

Single Stage to Orbit: Politics, Space Technology, and the Quest for Reusable Rocketry

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Butrica, Andrew J.

2003-01-01

While the glories and tragedies of the space shuttle make headlines and move the nation, the story of the shuttle forms an inseparable part of a lesser-known but no less important drama-the search for a re-useable single-stage-to-orbit rocket. Here an award-winning student of space science, Andrew J. Butrica, examines the long and tangled history of this ambitious concept, from it first glimmerings in the 1920s, when technicians dismissed it as unfeasible, to its highly expensive heyday in the midst of the Cold War, when conservative-backed government programs struggled to produce an operational flight vehicle. Butrica finds a blending of far-sighted engineering and heavy-handed politics. To the first and oldest idea-that of the reusable rocket-powered single-stage- to-orbit vehicle-planners who belonged to what President Eisenhower referred to as the military-industrial complex added experimental (" X "), "aircraft-like" capabilities and, eventually, a "faster, cheaper, smaller" managerial approach. Single Stage to Orbit traces the interplay of technology, corporate interest, and politics, a combination that well served the conservative space agenda and ultimately triumphed-not in the realization of inexpensive, reliable space transport-but in a vision of space militarization and commercialization that would appear settled United States policy in the early twenty-first century. "The 'holy grail' of the spaceship movement has been the development of a vehicle that could accomplish single stage to orbit (SSTO) flight. This study describes the evolution of this concept from the 192'0s to the present, revealing a conservative space agenda that has not yet been the subject of historical analysis. As such, it makes an important contribution to space history literature."-Roger D. Launius, The Smithsonian Institution.

Genomic Prediction of Single Crosses in the Early Stages of a Maize Hybrid Breeding Pipeline.

PubMed

Kadam, Dnyaneshwar C; Potts, Sarah M; Bohn, Martin O; Lipka, Alexander E; Lorenz, Aaron J

2016-09-19

Prediction of single-cross performance has been a major goal of plant breeders since the beginning of hybrid breeding. Recently, genomic prediction has shown to be a promising approach, but only limited studies have examined the accuracy of predicting single-cross performance. Moreover, no studies have examined the potential of predicting single crosses among random inbreds derived from a series of biparental families, which resembles the structure of germplasm comprising the initial stages of a hybrid maize breeding pipeline. The main objectives of this study were to evaluate the potential of genomic prediction for identifying superior single crosses early in the hybrid breeding pipeline and optimize its application. To accomplish these objectives, we designed and analyzed a novel population of single crosses representing the Iowa Stiff Stalk Synthetic/Non-Stiff Stalk heterotic pattern commonly used in the development of North American commercial maize hybrids. The performance of single crosses was predicted using parental combining ability and covariance among single crosses. Prediction accuracies were estimated using cross-validation and ranged from 0.28 to 0.77 for grain yield, 0.53 to 0.91 for plant height, and 0.49 to 0.94 for staygreen, depending on the number of tested parents of the single cross and genomic prediction method used. The genomic estimated general and specific combining abilities showed an advantage over genomic covariances among single crosses when one or both parents of the single cross were untested. Overall, our results suggest that genomic prediction of single crosses in the early stages of a hybrid breeding pipeline holds great potential to re-design hybrid breeding and increase its efficiency. Copyright © 2016 Author et al.

Ultrashort pulse amplification in cryogenically cooled amplifiers

DOEpatents

Backus, Sterling J.; Kapteyn, Henry C.; Murnane, Margaret Mary

2004-10-12

A laser amplifier system amplifies pulses in a single "stage" from .about.10.sup.-9 joules to more than 10.sup.-3 joules, with average power of 1-10 watts, and beam quality M.sup.2 <2. The laser medium is cooled substantially below room temperature, as a means to improve the optical and thermal characteristics of the medium. This is done with the medium inside a sealed, evacuated or purged cell to avoid moisture or other materials condensing on the surface. A "seed" pulse from a separate laser is passed through the laser medium, one or more times, in any of a variety of configurations including single-pass, multiple-pass, and regenerative amplifier configurations.

Saturn Apollo Program

NASA Image and Video Library

1968-01-01

This cutaway drawing shows the S-IVB stage in its Saturn IB configuration. As a part of the Marshall Space Flight Center's (MSFC) "building block" approach to the Saturn development, the S-IVB stage was utilized in the Saturn IB launch vehicle as a second stage and, later, the Saturn V launch vehicle as a third stage. The stage was powered by a single J-2 engine, initially capable of 200,000 pounds of thrust.

Influence of dispatching rules on average production lead time for multi-stage production systems.

PubMed

Hübl, Alexander; Jodlbauer, Herbert; Altendorfer, Klaus

2013-08-01

In this paper the influence of different dispatching rules on the average production lead time is investigated. Two theorems based on covariance between processing time and production lead time are formulated and proved theoretically. Theorem 1 links the average production lead time to the "processing time weighted production lead time" for the multi-stage production systems analytically. The influence of different dispatching rules on average lead time, which is well known from simulation and empirical studies, can be proved theoretically in Theorem 2 for a single stage production system. A simulation study is conducted to gain more insight into the influence of dispatching rules on average production lead time in a multi-stage production system. We find that the "processing time weighted average production lead time" for a multi-stage production system is not invariant of the applied dispatching rule and can be used as a dispatching rule independent indicator for single-stage production systems.

A Bayesian-frequentist two-stage single-arm phase II clinical trial design.

PubMed

Dong, Gaohong; Shih, Weichung Joe; Moore, Dirk; Quan, Hui; Marcella, Stephen

2012-08-30

It is well-known that both frequentist and Bayesian clinical trial designs have their own advantages and disadvantages. To have better properties inherited from these two types of designs, we developed a Bayesian-frequentist two-stage single-arm phase II clinical trial design. This design allows both early acceptance and rejection of the null hypothesis ( H(0) ). The measures (for example probability of trial early termination, expected sample size, etc.) of the design properties under both frequentist and Bayesian settings are derived. Moreover, under the Bayesian setting, the upper and lower boundaries are determined with predictive probability of trial success outcome. Given a beta prior and a sample size for stage I, based on the marginal distribution of the responses at stage I, we derived Bayesian Type I and Type II error rates. By controlling both frequentist and Bayesian error rates, the Bayesian-frequentist two-stage design has special features compared with other two-stage designs. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Advanced regenerative absorption refrigeration cycles

DOEpatents

Dao, Kim

1990-01-01

Multi-effect regenerative absorption cycles which provide a high coefficient of performance (COP) at relatively high input temperatures. An absorber-coupled double-effect regenerative cycle (ADR cycle) (10) is provided having a single-effect absorption cycle (SEA cycle) (11) as a topping subcycle and a single-effect regenerative absorption cycle (1R cycle) (12) as a bottoming subcycle. The SEA cycle (11) includes a boiler (13), a condenser (21), an expansion device (28), an evaporator (31), and an absorber (40), all operatively connected together. The 1R cycle (12) includes a multistage boiler (48), a multi-stage resorber (51), a multisection regenerator (49) and also uses the condenser (21), expansion device (28) and evaporator (31) of the SEA topping subcycle (11), all operatively connected together. External heat is applied to the SEA boiler (13) for operation up to about 500 degrees F., with most of the high pressure vapor going to the condenser (21) and evaporator (31) being generated by the regenerator (49). The substantially adiabatic and isothermal functioning of the SER subcycle (12) provides a high COP. For higher input temperatures of up to 700 degrees F., another SEA cycle (111) is used as a topping subcycle, with the absorber (140) of the topping subcycle being heat coupled to the boiler (13) of an ADR cycle (10). The 1R cycle (12) itself is an improvement in that all resorber stages (50b-f) have a portion of their output pumped to boiling conduits (71a-f) through the regenerator (49), which conduits are connected to and at the same pressure as the highest pressure stage (48a) of the 1R multistage boiler (48).

Effects of Ramadan fasting on moderate to severe chronic kidney disease. A prospective observational study.

PubMed

Bakhit, Amaar A; Kurdi, Amr M; Wadera, Junaid J; Alsuwaida, Abdulkareem O

2017-01-01

To examin the effect of Ramadan fasting on worsening of renal function (WRF). Method: This was a single-arm prospective observational study including 65 patients with stage 3 or higher chronic kidney disease (CKD). By definition, WRF was considered to have occurred when serum creatinine levels increased by 0.3 mg/dL (26.5 µmol/l) from baseline during or within 3 months after Ramadan. The study was conducted in the Nephrology Clinic of King Khalid University Hospital, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia during the month of Ramadan 1436 AH (Hijiri), which corresponded to June 18-July 17, 2015.  Results: This study included 65 adults with a mean age of 53 years. Overall, 33% of patients developed WRF. In the multivariate analysis, more advanced CKD stage, higher baseline systolic blood pressure and younger age were independently associated with WRF. Underlying cause of CKD, use of diuretics, use of renin angiotensin blockers, gender, and smoking status were not associated with WRF.  Conclusion: In patients with stage 3 or higher CKD, Ramadan fasting during the summer months was associated with worsening of renal function. Clinicians need to warn CKD patients against Ramadan fasting.

Effects of Ramadan fasting on moderate to severe chronic kidney disease

PubMed Central

Bakhit, Amaar A.; Kurdi, Amr M.; Wadera, Junaid J.; Alsuwaida, Abdulkareem O.

2017-01-01

Objectives: To examin the effect of Ramadan fasting on worsening of renal function (WRF). Method: This was a single-arm prospective observational study including 65 patients with stage 3 or higher chronic kidney disease (CKD). By definition, WRF was considered to have occurred when serum creatinine levels increased by 0.3 mg/dL (26.5 µmol/l) from baseline during or within 3 months after Ramadan. The study was conducted in the Nephrology Clinic of King Khalid University Hospital, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia during the month of Ramadan 1436 AH (Hijiri), which corresponded to June 18-July 17, 2015. Results: This study included 65 adults with a mean age of 53 years. Overall, 33% of patients developed WRF. In the multivariate analysis, more advanced CKD stage, higher baseline systolic blood pressure and younger age were independently associated with WRF. Underlying cause of CKD, use of diuretics, use of renin angiotensin blockers, gender, and smoking status were not associated with WRF. Conclusion: In patients with stage 3 or higher CKD, Ramadan fasting during the summer months was associated with worsening of renal function. Clinicians need to warn CKD patients against Ramadan fasting. PMID:28042630

Distinct gene expression profiles characterize the histopathological stages of disease in Helicobacter-induced mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma

PubMed Central

Mueller, Anne; O'Rourke, Jani; Grimm, Jan; Guillemin, Karen; Dixon, Michael F.; Lee, Adrian; Falkow, Stanley

2003-01-01

Long-term colonization of humans with Helicobacter pylori can cause the development of gastric B cell mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma, yet little is known about the sequence of molecular steps that accompany disease progression. We used microarray analysis and laser microdissection to identify gene expression profiles characteristic and predictive of the various histopathological stages in a mouse model of the disease. The initial step in lymphoma development is marked by infiltration of reactive lymphocytes into the stomach and the launching of a mucosal immune response. Our analysis uncovered molecular markers of both of these processes, including genes coding for the immunoglobulins and the small proline-rich protein Sprr 2A. The subsequent step is characterized histologically by the antigen-driven proliferation and aggregation of B cells and the gradual appearance of lymphoepithelial lesions. In tissues of this stage, we observed increased expression of genes previously associated with malignancy, including the laminin receptor-1 and the multidrug-resistance channel MDR-1. Finally, we found that the transition to destructive lymphoepithelial lesions and malignant lymphoma is marked by an increase in transcription of a single gene encoding calgranulin A/Mrp-8. PMID:12552104

Improving Control in a Joule-Thomson Refrigerator

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Borders, James; Pearson, David; Prina, Mauro

2005-01-01

A report discusses a modified design of a Joule-Thomson (JT) refrigerator under development to be incorporated into scientific instrumentation aboard a spacecraft. In most other JT refrigerators (including common household refrigerators), the temperature of the evaporator (the cold stage) is kept within a desired narrow range by turning a compressor on and off as needed. This mode of control is inadequate for the present refrigerator because a JT-refrigerator compressor performs poorly when the flow from its evaporator varies substantially, and this refrigerator is required to maintain adequate cooling power. The proposed design modifications include changes in the arrangement of heat exchangers, addition of a clamp that would afford a controlled heat leak from a warmer to a cooler stage to smooth out temperature fluctuations in the cooler stage, and incorporation of a proportional + integral + derivative (PID) control system that would regulate the heat leak to maintain the temperature of the evaporator within a desired narrow range while keeping the amount of liquid in the evaporator within a very narrow range in order to optimize the performance of the compressor. Novelty lies in combining the temperature- and cooling-power-regulating controls into a single control system.

Single-session motivational interviewing for drug detoxification inpatients: effects on self-efficacy, stages of change and substance use.

PubMed

Berman, Anne H; Forsberg, Lars; Durbeej, Natalie; Källmén, Håkan; Hermansson, Ulric

2010-02-01

Thirty-five inpatients at a Stockholm hospital drug user detoxification unit received single-session Motivational Interviewing (MI) between 2006 and 2008. At baseline and after 3 months, they were compared to a semi-randomized control group of 52 patients with treatment as usual. In the MI group, self-efficacy increased regarding abstention in connection with positive feelings, appreciation of positive drug effects increased, and participants tended to transition toward preparation/action stages of change. Despite implementation challenges, the study demonstrates the feasibility and effectiveness of single-session MI delivery in the inpatient drug detoxification setting and suggests paths for future research on delivery of single-session MI.

Marital status as a predictor of survival in patients with human papilloma virus-positive oropharyngeal cancer.

PubMed

Rubin, Samuel J; Kirke, Diana N; Ezzat, Waleed H; Truong, Minh T; Salama, Andrew R; Jalisi, Scharukh

Determine whether marital status is a significant predictor of survival in human papillomavirus-positive oropharyngeal cancer. A single center retrospective study included patients diagnosed with human papilloma virus-positive oropharyngeal cancer at Boston Medical Center between January 1, 2010 and December 30, 2015, and initiated treatment with curative intent at Boston Medical Center. Demographic data and tumor-related variables were recorded. Univariate analysis was performed using a two-sample t-test, chi-squared test, Fisher's exact test, and Kaplan Meier curves with a log rank test. Multivariate survival analysis was performed using a Cox regression model. A total of 65 patients were included in the study with 24 patients described as married and 41 patients described as single. There was no significant difference in most demographic variables or tumor related variables between the two study groups, except single patients were significantly more likely to have government insurance (p=0.0431). Furthermore, there was no significant difference in 3-year overall survival between married patients and single patients (married=91.67% vs single=87.80%; p=0.6532) or 3-year progression free survival (married=79.17% vs single=85.37%; p=0.8136). After adjusting for confounders including age, sex, race, insurance type, smoking status, treatment, and AJCC combined pathologic stage, marital status was not a significant predictor of survival [HR=0.903; 95% CI (0.126,6.489); p=0.9192]. Although previous literature has demonstrated that married patients with head and neck cancer have a survival benefit compared to single patients with head and neck cancer, we were unable to demonstrate the same survival benefit in a cohort of patients with human papilloma virus-positive oropharyngeal cancer. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Effectiveness and Appropriateness of mHealth Interventions for Maternal and Child Health: Systematic Review.

PubMed

Chen, Huan; Chai, Yanling; Dong, Le; Niu, Wenyi; Zhang, Puhong

2018-01-09

The application of mobile health (mHealth) technology in reproductive, maternal, newborn, and child health (RMNCH) is increasing worldwide. However, best practice and the most effective mHealth interventions have not been reviewed systematically. A systematic review and meta-analysis of studies of mHealth interventions for RMNCH around the world were conducted to investigate their characteristics as well as the features and effectiveness of mHealth interventions. Studies of mHealth interventions for RMNCH between January 2011 and December 2016 were retrieved from 6 databases (PubMed, EMBASE, Global Health, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, VIP Database for Chinese Technical Periodicals, and Wanfang Data Knowledge Service Medium). Comparable studies were included in a random-effects meta-analysis for both exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) and antenatal checks (ANC). Descriptive analyses were conducted for mHealth studies with a range of study designs. Analyses of 245 studies were included, including 51 randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Results showed that there are increasing numbers of studies on mHealth interventions for RMNCH. Although 2 meta-analysis, one with 2 RCTs on EBF (odds ratio [OR] 2.03, 95% CI 1.34-3.08, I 2 =25%) and the other with 3 RCTs on ANC (OR 1.43, 95% CI 1.13-1.79, I 2 =78%), showed that mHealth interventions are more effective than usual care, almost half (43%) of RCTs showed negative or unclear results on mHealth interventions. Functions described in mHealth interventions were diverse, and the health stages covered were broad. However, single function or single stage appeared to be dominant among mHealth interventions compared with multiple functions or stages. More rigorous evaluations are needed to draw consistent conclusions and to analyze mHealth products with multiple functions, especially those popular in the app markets. ©Huan Chen, Yanling Chai, Le Dong, Wenyi Niu, Puhong Zhang. Originally published in JMIR Mhealth and Uhealth (http://mhealth.jmir.org), 09.01.2018.

Effectiveness and Appropriateness of mHealth Interventions for Maternal and Child Health: Systematic Review

PubMed Central

Dong, Le; Niu, Wenyi

2018-01-01

Background The application of mobile health (mHealth) technology in reproductive, maternal, newborn, and child health (RMNCH) is increasing worldwide. However, best practice and the most effective mHealth interventions have not been reviewed systematically. Objective A systematic review and meta-analysis of studies of mHealth interventions for RMNCH around the world were conducted to investigate their characteristics as well as the features and effectiveness of mHealth interventions. Methods Studies of mHealth interventions for RMNCH between January 2011 and December 2016 were retrieved from 6 databases (PubMed, EMBASE, Global Health, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, VIP Database for Chinese Technical Periodicals, and Wanfang Data Knowledge Service Medium). Comparable studies were included in a random-effects meta-analysis for both exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) and antenatal checks (ANC). Descriptive analyses were conducted for mHealth studies with a range of study designs. Results Analyses of 245 studies were included, including 51 randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Results showed that there are increasing numbers of studies on mHealth interventions for RMNCH. Although 2 meta-analysis, one with 2 RCTs on EBF (odds ratio [OR] 2.03, 95% CI 1.34-3.08, I2=25%) and the other with 3 RCTs on ANC (OR 1.43, 95% CI 1.13-1.79, I2=78%), showed that mHealth interventions are more effective than usual care, almost half (43%) of RCTs showed negative or unclear results on mHealth interventions. Functions described in mHealth interventions were diverse, and the health stages covered were broad. However, single function or single stage appeared to be dominant among mHealth interventions compared with multiple functions or stages. Conclusions More rigorous evaluations are needed to draw consistent conclusions and to analyze mHealth products with multiple functions, especially those popular in the app markets. PMID:29317380

Evaluation of single-tooth implants in the second molar region: a 5-year life-table analysis of a retrospective study.

PubMed

Koo, Ki-Tae; Wikesjö, Ulf M E; Park, Jang-Yeol; Kim, Tae-Il; Seol, Yang-Jo; Ku, Young; Rhyu, In-Chul; Chung, Chong-Pyoung; Lee, Yong-Moo

2010-09-01

To our knowledge, no study has evaluated the success or survival rate of single-tooth implants that replaced missing maxillary and mandibular second molars. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the 1- to 5-year cumulative survival rate (CSR) for single-tooth implants placed in the second molar region and the effects of associated factors. Four hundred eighty-nine patients (298 males and 191 females; age range: 23 to 91 years; mean age: 47 years) who were admitted to the Seoul National University Dental Hospital between March 2003 and July 2008 and treated with single-tooth implants in the second molar region (227 maxillary implants and 294 mandibular implants; total: 521 implants) were included in the study. Thirty-two subjects received two implants each. A 1- to 5-year CSR was calculated using a life-table analysis. A comparison of CSRs between maxillary versus mandibular implants, one-stage versus two-stage implants, short (10 mm) implants, and standard-diameter (or=5.0 mm) implants was performed using Wilcoxon (Gehan) statistics. P <0.05 was considered significant. Fifteen of the 521 implants were lost between insertion and the follow-up examinations. The 1- to 5-year CSR was 95.1%. There were no statistically significant differences in CSRs between implants placed in maxillas and mandibles (96.3% versus 94.9%, respectively; P = 0.084), one- and two-stage implants (95.6% versus 94.7%, respectively; P = 0.267), short and long implants (100% versus 95.1%, respectively; P = 0.582), and standard- and wide-diameter implants (93.8% versus 96.8%, respectively; P = 0.065). Within the limitations of the study, the placement of single-tooth implants in the second molar region was an effective and reliable treatment modality. Also, associated factors such as implant diameter, length, and location (the maxilla versus the mandible) may not have an impact on the long-term success of implants.

Polyphenism in social insects: insights from a transcriptome-wide analysis of gene expression in the life stages of the key pollinator, Bombus terrestris

PubMed Central

2011-01-01

Background Understanding polyphenism, the ability of a single genome to express multiple morphologically and behaviourally distinct phenotypes, is an important goal for evolutionary and developmental biology. Polyphenism has been key to the evolution of the Hymenoptera, and particularly the social Hymenoptera where the genome of a single species regulates distinct larval stages, sexual dimorphism and physical castes within the female sex. Transcriptomic analyses of social Hymenoptera will therefore provide unique insights into how changes in gene expression underlie such complexity. Here we describe gene expression in individual specimens of the pre-adult stages, sexes and castes of the key pollinator, the buff-tailed bumblebee Bombus terrestris. Results cDNA was prepared from mRNA from five life cycle stages (one larva, one pupa, one male, one gyne and two workers) and a total of 1,610,742 expressed sequence tags (ESTs) were generated using Roche 454 technology, substantially increasing the sequence data available for this important species. Overlapping ESTs were assembled into 36,354 B. terrestris putative transcripts, and functionally annotated. A preliminary assessment of differences in gene expression across non-replicated specimens from the pre-adult stages, castes and sexes was performed using R-STAT analysis. Individual samples from the life cycle stages of the bumblebee differed in the expression of a wide array of genes, including genes involved in amino acid storage, metabolism, immunity and olfaction. Conclusions Detailed analyses of immune and olfaction gene expression across phenotypes demonstrated how transcriptomic analyses can inform our understanding of processes central to the biology of B. terrestris and the social Hymenoptera in general. For example, examination of immunity-related genes identified high conservation of important immunity pathway components across individual specimens from the life cycle stages while olfactory-related genes exhibited differential expression with a wider repertoire of gene expression within adults, especially sexuals, in comparison to immature stages. As there is an absence of replication across the samples, the results of this study are preliminary but provide a number of candidate genes which may be related to distinct phenotypic stage expression. This comprehensive transcriptome catalogue will provide an important gene discovery resource for directed programmes in ecology, evolution and conservation of a key pollinator. PMID:22185240

Control of DC gas flow in a single-stage double-inlet pulse tube cooler

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wang, C.; Thummes, G.; Heiden, C.

The use of double-inlet mode in the pulse tube cooler opens up a possibility of DC gas flow circulating around the regenerator and pulse tube. Numerical analysis shows that effects of DC flow in a single-stage pulse tube cooler are different in some aspects from that in a 4 K pulse tube cooler. For highest cooler efficiency, DC flow should be compensated to a small value, i.e. DC flow over average AC flow at regenerator inlet should be in the range -0.0013 to +0.00016. Dual valves with reversed asymmetric geometries were used for the double-inlet bypass to control the DC flow in this paper. The experiment, performed in a single-stage double-inlet pulse tube cooler, verified that the cooler performance can be significantly improved by precisely controlling the DC flow.

Impact of interstitial iron on the study of meta-stable B-O defects in Czochralski silicon: Further evidence of a single defect

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kim, Moonyong; Chen, Daniel; Abbott, Malcolm; Nampalli, Nitin; Wenham, Stuart; Stefani, Bruno; Hallam, Brett

2018-04-01

We explore the influence of interstitial iron (Fei) on lifetime spectroscopy of boron-oxygen (B-O) related degradation in p-type Czochralski silicon. Theoretical and experimental evidence presented in this study indicate that iron-boron pair (Fe-B) related reactions could have influenced several key experimental results used to derive theories on the fundamental properties of the B-O defect. Firstly, the presence of Fei can account for higher apparent capture cross-section ratios (k) of approximately 100 observed in previous studies during early stages of B-O related degradation. Secondly, the association of Fe-B pairs can explain the initial stage of a two-stage recovery of carrier lifetime with dark annealing after partial degradation. Thirdly, Fei can result in high apparent k values after the permanent deactivation of B-O defects. Subsequently, we show that a single k value can describe the recombination properties associated with B-O defects throughout degradation, that the recovery during dark annealing occurs with a single-stage, and both the fast- and slow-stage B-O related degradation can be permanently deactivated during illuminated annealing. Accounting for the recombination activity of Fei provides further evidence that the B-O defect is a single defect, rather than two separate defects normally attributed to fast-forming recombination centers and slow-forming recombination centers. Implications of this finding for the nature of the B-O defect are also discussed.

DeepSleepNet: A Model for Automatic Sleep Stage Scoring Based on Raw Single-Channel EEG.

PubMed

Supratak, Akara; Dong, Hao; Wu, Chao; Guo, Yike

2017-11-01

This paper proposes a deep learning model, named DeepSleepNet, for automatic sleep stage scoring based on raw single-channel EEG. Most of the existing methods rely on hand-engineered features, which require prior knowledge of sleep analysis. Only a few of them encode the temporal information, such as transition rules, which is important for identifying the next sleep stages, into the extracted features. In the proposed model, we utilize convolutional neural networks to extract time-invariant features, and bidirectional-long short-term memory to learn transition rules among sleep stages automatically from EEG epochs. We implement a two-step training algorithm to train our model efficiently. We evaluated our model using different single-channel EEGs (F4-EOG (left), Fpz-Cz, and Pz-Oz) from two public sleep data sets, that have different properties (e.g., sampling rate) and scoring standards (AASM and R&K). The results showed that our model achieved similar overall accuracy and macro F1-score (MASS: 86.2%-81.7, Sleep-EDF: 82.0%-76.9) compared with the state-of-the-art methods (MASS: 85.9%-80.5, Sleep-EDF: 78.9%-73.7) on both data sets. This demonstrated that, without changing the model architecture and the training algorithm, our model could automatically learn features for sleep stage scoring from different raw single-channel EEGs from different data sets without utilizing any hand-engineered features.

Single-cell multi-omics sequencing of mouse early embryos and embryonic stem cells.

PubMed

Guo, Fan; Li, Lin; Li, Jingyun; Wu, Xinglong; Hu, Boqiang; Zhu, Ping; Wen, Lu; Tang, Fuchou

2017-08-01

Single-cell epigenome sequencing techniques have recently been developed. However, the combination of different layers of epigenome sequencing in an individual cell has not yet been achieved. Here, we developed a single-cell multi-omics sequencing technology (single-cell COOL-seq) that can analyze the chromatin state/nucleosome positioning, DNA methylation, copy number variation and ploidy simultaneously from the same individual mammalian cell. We used this method to analyze the reprogramming of the chromatin state and DNA methylation in mouse preimplantation embryos. We found that within < 12 h of fertilization, each individual cell undergoes global genome demethylation together with the rapid and global reprogramming of both maternal and paternal genomes to a highly opened chromatin state. This was followed by decreased openness after the late zygote stage. Furthermore, from the late zygote to the 4-cell stage, the residual DNA methylation is preferentially preserved on intergenic regions of the paternal alleles and intragenic regions of maternal alleles in each individual blastomere. However, chromatin accessibility is similar between paternal and maternal alleles in each individual cell from the late zygote to the blastocyst stage. The binding motifs of several pluripotency regulators are enriched at distal nucleosome depleted regions from as early as the 2-cell stage. This indicates that the cis-regulatory elements of such target genes have been primed to an open state from the 2-cell stage onward, long before pluripotency is eventually established in the ICM of the blastocyst. Genes may be classified into homogeneously open, homogeneously closed and divergent states based on the chromatin accessibility of their promoter regions among individual cells. This can be traced to step-wise transitions during preimplantation development. Our study offers the first single-cell and parental allele-specific analysis of the genome-scale chromatin state and DNA methylation dynamics at single-base resolution in early mouse embryos and provides new insights into the heterogeneous yet highly ordered features of epigenomic reprogramming during this process.

Single-cell multi-omics sequencing of mouse early embryos and embryonic stem cells

PubMed Central

Guo, Fan; Li, Lin; Li, Jingyun; Wu, Xinglong; Hu, Boqiang; Zhu, Ping; Wen, Lu; Tang, Fuchou

2017-01-01

Single-cell epigenome sequencing techniques have recently been developed. However, the combination of different layers of epigenome sequencing in an individual cell has not yet been achieved. Here, we developed a single-cell multi-omics sequencing technology (single-cell COOL-seq) that can analyze the chromatin state/nucleosome positioning, DNA methylation, copy number variation and ploidy simultaneously from the same individual mammalian cell. We used this method to analyze the reprogramming of the chromatin state and DNA methylation in mouse preimplantation embryos. We found that within < 12 h of fertilization, each individual cell undergoes global genome demethylation together with the rapid and global reprogramming of both maternal and paternal genomes to a highly opened chromatin state. This was followed by decreased openness after the late zygote stage. Furthermore, from the late zygote to the 4-cell stage, the residual DNA methylation is preferentially preserved on intergenic regions of the paternal alleles and intragenic regions of maternal alleles in each individual blastomere. However, chromatin accessibility is similar between paternal and maternal alleles in each individual cell from the late zygote to the blastocyst stage. The binding motifs of several pluripotency regulators are enriched at distal nucleosome depleted regions from as early as the 2-cell stage. This indicates that the cis-regulatory elements of such target genes have been primed to an open state from the 2-cell stage onward, long before pluripotency is eventually established in the ICM of the blastocyst. Genes may be classified into homogeneously open, homogeneously closed and divergent states based on the chromatin accessibility of their promoter regions among individual cells. This can be traced to step-wise transitions during preimplantation development. Our study offers the first single-cell and parental allele-specific analysis of the genome-scale chromatin state and DNA methylation dynamics at single-base resolution in early mouse embryos and provides new insights into the heterogeneous yet highly ordered features of epigenomic reprogramming during this process. PMID:28621329

Torins are potent antimalarials that block replenishment of Plasmodium liver stage parasitophorous vacuole membrane proteins

PubMed Central

Hanson, Kirsten K.; Ressurreição, Ana S.; Buchholz, Kathrin; Prudêncio, Miguel; Herman-Ornelas, Jonathan D.; Rebelo, Maria; Beatty, Wandy L.; Wirth, Dyann F.; Hänscheid, Thomas; Moreira, Rui; Marti, Matthias; Mota, Maria M.

2013-01-01

Residence within a customized vacuole is a highly successful strategy used by diverse intracellular microorganisms. The parasitophorous vacuole membrane (PVM) is the critical interface between Plasmodium parasites and their possibly hostile, yet ultimately sustaining, host cell environment. We show that torins, developed as ATP-competitive mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) kinase inhibitors, are fast-acting antiplasmodial compounds that unexpectedly target the parasite directly, blocking the dynamic trafficking of the Plasmodium proteins exported protein 1 (EXP1) and upregulated in sporozoites 4 (UIS4) to the liver stage PVM and leading to efficient parasite elimination by the hepatocyte. Torin2 has single-digit, or lower, nanomolar potency in both liver and blood stages of infection in vitro and is likewise effective against both stages in vivo, with a single oral dose sufficient to clear liver stage infection. Parasite elimination and perturbed trafficking of liver stage PVM-resident proteins are both specific aspects of torin-mediated Plasmodium liver stage inhibition, indicating that torins have a distinct mode of action compared with currently used antimalarials. PMID:23836641

Pharmacokinetic study of single- and multiple-dosing with metolazone tablets in healthy Chinese population.

PubMed

Li, Xueqing; Wang, Rutao; Liu, Yang; Liu, Yun; Zheng, Heng; Feng, Yabo; Zhao, Na; Geng, Hongbin; Zhang, Wanzhi; Wen, Aidong

2017-11-16

Metolazone is a diuretic, saluretic and antihypertensive chemical compound from the quinazoline category that possesses medicinal features similar to those of other thiazide diuretic drugs. However, the pharmacokinetics of metolazone in the Chinese population has rarely been studied. This study aimed to examine the pharmacokinetic characteristics, safety characteristic, and tolerability of metolazone in healthy Chinese subjects after single and multiple doses taken orally as well as the effects that food and gender have on oral metolazone pharmacokinetic parameters. An open-label, randomized, and single- and multiple-dosing investigation was performed in healthy Chinese subjects. The investigation included 3 study groups: the 0.5 mg, 1 mg and 2 mg dose groups were the single-dose study groups in the first stage. Eligible volunteers were randomly and orally administered a single 0.5 mg, 1 mg, or 2 mg metolazone tablet. The 0.5 mg dose group was also part of the multiple-dose study group, and the 1 mg dose group was the food-effect study group in the second stage. Human plasma samples were gathered pre-dosing and up to 48 h after dosing. The human plasma sample concentration of metolazone was quantified using a validated liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method. Pharmacokinetic data were calculated by a noncompartmental analysis method using WinNonlin version 6.4. Tolerability was evaluated based on adverse events, medical examination, 12-lead ECG, and other clinical laboratory exams. Thirty eligible subjects (15 men and 15 women) were registered in our investigation and completed all of the study stages. The AUC and C max showed dose proportionality after a single dose based on the linear-regression analysis. A comparison of the pharmacokinetic data revealed that the differences between the male and female groups were not statistically significant. The t max of metolazone was increased by approximately 100% in the fed condition. Metolazone was well tolerated at the tested dose, and no adverse effects were observed. Single dosing with 0.5 mg, 1 mg, or 2 mg metolazone yielded linear plasma pharmacokinetic properties in healthy Chinese subjects. Multiple oral doses of metolazone did not display significantly different distributions or elimination characteristics from those observed for a single dose. Gender factors did not appear to influence the pharmacokinetic parameter variation of metolazone. The t max of metolazone increased in the fed condition. Metolazone was well tolerated at the tested dose in this study. This investigation is retrospectively registered at chictr.org.cn (ChiCTR-IIR-17012929, October 09 2017).

Autologous microtia reconstruction combined with ancillary procedures: a comprehensive reconstructive approach.

PubMed

Cugno, S; Farhadieh, R D; Bulstrode, N W

2013-11-01

Autologous microtia reconstruction is generally performed in two stages. The second stage presents a unique opportunity to carry out other complementary procedures. The present study describes our approach to microtia reconstruction, wherein the second stage of reconstruction is combined with final refinements to the ear construct and/or additional procedures to enhance facial contour and symmetry. Retrospective analysis of patients who underwent two-stage microtia reconstruction by a single surgeon (NWB) was conducted in order to ascertain those that had ancillary procedures at the time of the second stage. Patient and operative details were collected. Thirty-four patients (male, 15, median age and age range at second stage, 11 and 10-18 years, respectively) who had complementary procedures executed during the second stage of auricular reconstruction were identified. Collectively, these included centralizing genioplasty (n = 1), fat transfer (n = 22), ear piercing (n = 7), and contralateral prominauris correction (n = 7). Six patients had correction for unilateral isolated microtia and in the remaining 28 patients, auricular reconstruction for microtia associated with a named syndrome. All patients reported a high rate of satisfaction with the result achieved and the majority (85%) reported no perceived need for additional surgical refinements to the ear or procedure(s) to achieve further facial symmetry. No peri- or post-operative complications were noted. Combining the final stage of autologous microtia reconstruction with other ancillary procedures affords a superior aesthetic outcome and decreased patient morbidity. Copyright © 2013 British Association of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgeons. All rights reserved.

Single-cell analysis of differences in transcriptomic profiles of oocytes and cumulus cells at GV, MI, MII stages from PCOS patients

PubMed Central

Liu, Qiwei; Li, Yumei; Feng, Yun; Liu, Chaojie; Ma, Jieliang; Li, Yifei; Xiang, Huifen; Ji, Yazhong; Cao, Yunxia; Tong, Xiaowen; Xue, Zhigang

2016-01-01

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common frequent endocrine disorder among women of reproductive age. Although assisted reproductive techniques (ARTs) are used to address subfertility in PCOS women, their effectiveness is not clear. Our aim was to compare transcriptomic profiles of oocytes and cumulus cells (CCs) between women with and without PCOS, and assess the effectiveness of ARTs in treating PCOS patients. We collected oocytes and CCs from 16 patients with and without PCOS patients to categorize them into 6 groups according to oocyte nuclear maturation. Transcriptional gene expression of oocyte and CCs was determined via single-cell RNA sequencing. The ratio of fertilization and cleavage was higher in PCOS patients than in non-PCOS patients undergoing ARTs, and there was no difference in the number of high-quality embryos between the groups. Differentially expressed genes including PPP2R1A, PDGFRA, EGFR, GJA1, PTGS2, TNFAIP6, TGF-β1, CAV1, INHBB et al. were investigated as potential causes of PCOS oocytes and CCs disorder at early stages, but their expression returned to the normal level at the metaphase II (MII) stage via ARTs. In conclusion, ARTs can improve the quality of cumulus-oocyte complex (COC) and increase the ratio of fertilization and cleavage in PCOS women. PMID:28004769

Single-cell analysis of differences in transcriptomic profiles of oocytes and cumulus cells at GV, MI, MII stages from PCOS patients.

PubMed

Liu, Qiwei; Li, Yumei; Feng, Yun; Liu, Chaojie; Ma, Jieliang; Li, Yifei; Xiang, Huifen; Ji, Yazhong; Cao, Yunxia; Tong, Xiaowen; Xue, Zhigang

2016-12-22

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common frequent endocrine disorder among women of reproductive age. Although assisted reproductive techniques (ARTs) are used to address subfertility in PCOS women, their effectiveness is not clear. Our aim was to compare transcriptomic profiles of oocytes and cumulus cells (CCs) between women with and without PCOS, and assess the effectiveness of ARTs in treating PCOS patients. We collected oocytes and CCs from 16 patients with and without PCOS patients to categorize them into 6 groups according to oocyte nuclear maturation. Transcriptional gene expression of oocyte and CCs was determined via single-cell RNA sequencing. The ratio of fertilization and cleavage was higher in PCOS patients than in non-PCOS patients undergoing ARTs, and there was no difference in the number of high-quality embryos between the groups. Differentially expressed genes including PPP2R1A, PDGFRA, EGFR, GJA1, PTGS2, TNFAIP6, TGF-β1, CAV1, INHBB et al. were investigated as potential causes of PCOS oocytes and CCs disorder at early stages, but their expression returned to the normal level at the metaphase II (MII) stage via ARTs. In conclusion, ARTs can improve the quality of cumulus-oocyte complex (COC) and increase the ratio of fertilization and cleavage in PCOS women.

Large cooling differentials and high heat flux capability with p-type Bi2Te3/Sb2Te3 and n-type Bi2Te3/Bi2SexTe3-x Superlattice Thermoelectric Devices

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bulman, Gary; Siivola, Ed; Wiitala, Ryan; Grant, Brian; Pierce, Jonathan; Venkatasubramanian, Rama

2007-03-01

Thin film superlattice (SL) based thermoelectric (TE) devices offer the potential for improved efficiency and high heat flux cooling over conventional bulk materials. Recently, we have demonstrated external cooling of 55K and heat pumping capacity of 128 W/cm^2. These high heat fluxes in thin film devices, while attractive for cooling hot-spots in electronics, also make the device performance sensitive to various thermal resistances in the device structure. We will discuss advances in the cooling performance of Bi2Te3-based SL TE devices and describe a method to extract device material parameters, including thermal resistance, from measurements of their δT-I-V characteristics. These parameters will be compared to values obtained through Hall and Seebeck coefficient measurement on epitaxial materials. Results will be presented for both single couple and multi-couple modules, as well as multi-stage cascaded devices made with these materials. Single stage cooling couples with δTmax of 57.8K (Tc˜242K) and multi-stage modules with δTmax˜92.2K (Tc˜209K) have been measured. G.E. Bulman, E. Siivola, B. Shen and R. Venkatasubramanian, Appl. Phys. Lett. 89, 122117 (2006).

Temperature Requirements of Some Common Forensically Important Blow and Flesh Flies (Diptera) under Laboratory Conditions

PubMed Central

Shiravi, AH; Mostafavi, R; Akbarzadeh, K; Oshaghi, MA

2011-01-01

Background: The aim of his study was to determine development time and thermal requirements of three myiasis flies including Chrysomya albiceps, Lucilia sericata, and Sarcophaga sp. Methods: Rate of development (ROD) and accumulated degree day (ADD) of three important forensic flies in Iran, Chrysomya albiceps, Lucilia sericata, and Sarcophaga sp. by rearing individuals under a single constant temperature (28° C) was calculated using specific formula for four developmental events including egg hatching, larval stages, pupation, and eclosion. Results: Rates of development decreased step by step as the flies grew from egg to larvae and then to adult stage; however, this rate was bigger for blowflies (C. albiceps and L. sericata) in comparison with the flesh fly Sarcophaga sp. Egg hatching, larval stages, and pupation took about one fourth and half of the time of the total pre-adult development time for all of the three species. In general, the flesh fly Sarcophaga sp. required more heat for development than the blowflies. The thermal constants (K) were 130–195, 148–222, and 221–323 degree-days (DD) for egg hatching to adult stages of C. albiceps, L. sericata, and Sarcophaga sp., respectively. Conclusion: This is the first report on thermal requirement of three forensic flies in Iran. The data of this study provide preliminary information for forensic entomologist to establish PMI in the area of study. PMID:22808410

Advanced techniques and technology for efficient data storage, access, and transfer

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Rice, Robert F.; Miller, Warner

1991-01-01

Advanced techniques for efficiently representing most forms of data are being implemented in practical hardware and software form through the joint efforts of three NASA centers. These techniques adapt to local statistical variations to continually provide near optimum code efficiency when representing data without error. Demonstrated in several earlier space applications, these techniques are the basis of initial NASA data compression standards specifications. Since the techniques clearly apply to most NASA science data, NASA invested in the development of both hardware and software implementations for general use. This investment includes high-speed single-chip very large scale integration (VLSI) coding and decoding modules as well as machine-transferrable software routines. The hardware chips were tested in the laboratory at data rates as high as 700 Mbits/s. A coding module's definition includes a predictive preprocessing stage and a powerful adaptive coding stage. The function of the preprocessor is to optimally process incoming data into a standard form data source that the second stage can handle.The built-in preprocessor of the VLSI coder chips is ideal for high-speed sampled data applications such as imaging and high-quality audio, but additionally, the second stage adaptive coder can be used separately with any source that can be externally preprocessed into the 'standard form'. This generic functionality assures that the applicability of these techniques and their recent high-speed implementations should be equally broad outside of NASA.

PAM4 silicon photonic microring resonator-based transceiver circuits

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Palermo, Samuel; Yu, Kunzhi; Roshan-Zamir, Ashkan; Wang, Binhao; Li, Cheng; Seyedi, M. Ashkan; Fiorentino, Marco; Beausoleil, Raymond

2017-02-01

Increased data rates have motivated the investigation of advanced modulation schemes, such as four-level pulseamplitude modulation (PAM4), in optical interconnect systems in order to enable longer transmission distances and operation with reduced circuit bandwidth relative to non-return-to-zero (NRZ) modulation. Employing this modulation scheme in interconnect architectures based on high-Q silicon photonic microring resonator devices, which occupy small area and allow for inherent wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM), offers a promising solution to address the dramatic increase in datacenter and high-performance computing system I/O bandwidth demands. Two ring modulator device structures are proposed for PAM4 modulation, including a single phase shifter segment device driven with a multi-level PAM4 transmitter and a two-segment device driven by two simple NRZ (MSB/LSB) transmitters. Transmitter circuits which utilize segmented pulsed-cascode high swing output stages are presented for both device structures. Output stage segmentation is utilized in the single-segment device design for PAM4 voltage level control, while in the two-segment design it is used for both independent MSB/LSB voltage levels and impedance control for output eye skew compensation. The 65nm CMOS transmitters supply a 4.4Vppd output swing for 40Gb/s operation when driving depletion-mode microring modulators implemented in a 130nm SOI process, with the single- and two-segment designs achieving 3.04 and 4.38mW/Gb/s, respectively. A PAM4 optical receiver front-end is also described which employs a large input-stage feedback resistor transimpedance amplifier (TIA) cascaded with an adaptively-tuned continuous-time linear equalizer (CTLE) for improved sensitivity. Receiver linearity, critical in PAM4 systems, is achieved with a peak-detector-based automatic gain control (AGC) loop.

Pulse-Flow Microencapsulation System

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Morrison, Dennis R.

2006-01-01

The pulse-flow microencapsulation system (PFMS) is an automated system that continuously produces a stream of liquid-filled microcapsules for delivery of therapeutic agents to target tissues. Prior microencapsulation systems have relied on batch processes that involve transfer of batches between different apparatuses for different stages of production followed by sampling for acquisition of quality-control data, including measurements of size. In contrast, the PFMS is a single, microprocessor-controlled system that performs all processing steps, including acquisition of quality-control data. The quality-control data can be used as real-time feedback to ensure the production of large quantities of uniform microcapsules.

Injection chaining of diode-pumped single-frequency ring lasers for free-space communication

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Cheng, E. A. P.; Kane, T. J.; Wallace, R. W.; Cornwell, D. M., Jr.

1991-01-01

A high-power three-stage laser suitable for use in a space communication system has been built. This laser uses three diode-pumped Nd:YAG oscillators coherently combined using the technique of injection chaining. All three oscillators are in one compact and permanently aligned package, and are actively frequency locked to provide CW single frequency output. The three stages provide the redundancy desirable for space communications.

Single stage to orbit vertical takeoff and landing concept technology challenges

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Heald, Daniel A.; Kessler, Thomas L.

1991-10-01

General Dynamics has developed a VTOL concept for a single-stage-to-orbit under contract to the Strategic Defense Initiative Organization. This paper briefly describes the configuration and its basic operations. Two key advanced technolgy areas are then discussed: high-performance rocket propulsion employing a plug nozzle arrangement and integrated health management to facilitate very rapid turnaround between flights, more like an aircraft than today's rockets.

Performance characteristics of an excimer laser (XeCl) with single-stage magnetic pulse compression

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Varshnay, N. K.; Singh, A.; Benerji, N. S.

2017-02-01

Performance characteristics of an excimer laser (XeCl) with single-stage magnetic pulse compression suitable for material processing applications are presented here. The laser incorporates in-built compact gas circulation and gas cooling to ensure fresh gas mixture between the electrodes for repetitive operation. A magnetically coupled tangential blower is used for gas circulation inside the laser chamber for repetitive operation. The exciter consists of C-C energy transfer circuit and thyratron is used as a high-voltage main switch with single-stage magnetic pulse compression (MPC) between thyratron and the laser electrodes. Low inductance of the laser head and uniform and intense pre-ionization are the main features of the electric circuit used in the laser. A 250 ns rise time voltage pulse was compressed to 100 ns duration with a single-stage magnetic pulse compressor using Ni-Zn ferrite cores. The laser can generate about 150 mJ at ˜100 Hz rep-rate reliably from a discharge volume of 100 cm 3. 2D spatial laser beam profile generated is presented here. The profile shows that the laser beam is completely filled with flat-top which is suitable for material processing applications. The SEM image of the microhole generated on copper target is presented here.

Single-stage reduction and fixation for atlantoaxial dislocation with atlas assimilation applying occipital plate, C2 screws and rigid cantilever beam system through intraoperative distraction: A retrospective study of 25 cases

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Li, Zhonghua; Han, Xuesong; Li, Xiaolei; Qin, Xiaofei

2018-04-01

To report the surgical technique and clinical outcomes for the treatment of AAD with atlas assimilation by single-stage posterior reduction and fixation applying intraoperative distraction between occipital and C2 screws. From April 2008 to January 2014, 25 patients underwent single-stage posterior reduction and fixation applying occipital plate, C2 screws and rigid cantilever beam system through intraoperative distraction between occipital and C2 screws. The pre- and postoperative radiologic parameters and JOA score were examined. Follow-up ranged from 6 to 17months in 25 patients. Clinical symptoms improved in 24 patients (96%) and were stable in 1 patient (4%). Radiologic assessment illustrated that complete reduction was achieved in 24 patients and partial reduction (>60%) in 1 patient. Overall, satisfactory decompression and reduction were showed on postoperative MRT and 3D-CT scans of all 25 patients. The single-stage posterior reduction and fixation applying occipital plate, C2 screws and rigid cantilever beam system through intraoperative distraction between occipital and C2 screws for AAD with atlas assimilation is simple, fast, safe and effective. C1 screws insertion for the treatment of AAD with atlas assimilation should be considered.

Single-stage repair of rectoperineal and rectovestibular fistulae can be safely delayed beyond the neonatal period.

PubMed

Short, Scott S; Bucher, Brian T; Barnhart, Douglas C; Van Der Watt, Nadia; Zobell, Sarah; Allen, Ashley; Rollins, Michael D

2018-02-12

We sought to examine the short-term outcomes following single-stage repair of rectoperineal and rectovestibular fistulae in infants and identify risk factors for wound complication. Patients with a rectoperineal or rectovestibular fistula treated with a single-stage repair beyond the neonatal period (>30days of age) at a pediatric colorectal center (2011-2016) were reviewed. 36 patients with a rectoperineal and 7 patients with a rectovestibular fistula were repaired using the Posterior Sagittal Anorectoplasty (PSARP) approach. Median follow-up was 31months. The median age and weight at the time of repair were 166days and 6.5kg. Four patients (11%) suffered a wound complication (3 rectoperineal, 1 rectovestibular). Two required a diverting colostomy to allow wound healing. Two patients suffered skin separation managed with local wound care. All 4 patients experienced satisfactory wound healing without anoplasty stricture. Two different patients developed a stricture of the neo-anus. Age and weight at time of repair, gender, and presence of a genitourinary anomaly were not associated with wound complications. Delayed single-stage repair of rectoperineal and rectovestibular fistulae can be performed safely in infants beyond the newborn period. With attentive treatment, satisfactory healing can be anticipated if a wound complication is encountered. Retrospective Comparative Study, Level III. Copyright © 2018. Published by Elsevier Inc.

Semivolatile and Volatile Organic Compound Emissions from Wood-Fired Hydronic Heaters

EPA Science Inventory

Four commercially available HH technologies were studied: a single-stage combustor with natural updraft, a three-stage downdraft combustion system, a bottom-fed pellet burner, and a two-stage heater with both a combustion and gasification chamber. The fuel consisted of three wood...

Calcic soils and calcretes in the southwestern United States

USGS Publications Warehouse

Bachman, George Odell; Machette, Michael N.

1977-01-01

Secondary calcium carbonate of diverse origins, 'caliche' of many authors, is widespread in the southwestern United States. 'Caliche' includes various carbonates such as calcic soils and products of groundwater cementation. The term 'caliche' is generally avoided in this report in favor of such terms as calcrete, calcic soils, and pervasively cemented deposits. Criteria for the recognition of various types of calcrete of diverse origins include field relations and laboratory data. Calcic soils provide a comprehensive set of characteristics that aid in their recognition in the field. These characteristics include a distinctive morphology that is zoned horizontally and can frequently be traced over tens to hundreds of square kilometers. The major process in the formation of pedogenic calcrete and calic soils is the leaching of calcium carbonate from upper soil horizons by downward percolating soil solutions and reprecipitation of the carbonate in alluvial horizons near the base of the soil profile. The formation of pedogenic calcrete involves many factors including climate, source of carbonate, and tectonic stability of the geomorphic surface on which the calcrete is deposited. Most of the carbonate in pedogenic calcrete is probably derived from windblown sand, dust, and rain. Calcic soils and pedogenic calcretes follow a six-stage sequence morphologic development and is based on a classification devised by Gile, Peterson and Grossman in 1966. The .six morphologic stages of carbonate deposition in soils are related to the relative age of the soil and are as follows: I. The first or youngest stage includes filamentous or faint coatings of carbonate on detrital grains. II. The second stage includes pebble coatings which are continuous; firm carbonate nodules are few to common. III. The third stage includes coalesced nodules which occur in a friable or disseminated carbonate matrix. IV. The fourth stage includes platy, firmly cemented matrix which engulfs nodules; horizon is plugged to downward moving solutions. V. The fifth stage includes soils which are platy to tabular, dense, strongly cemented. A well-developed laminar layer occurs on the upper surface. VI. The sixth and most advanced stage is massive, multilaminar, and strongly cemented calcrete with abundant pisoliths, the upper surface of which may be brecciated. Pisoliths may indicate many generations of brecciation and reformation. In general calcic soils include stages I through III and are friable to moderately indurated; whereas pedogenic calcretes include stages IV through VI and are dense and strongly indurated. In a single pedon the morphologic stage of carbonate deposition decreases downward in the profile. The stage of development may be used in local regions for correlation and determination of relative ages of soils and geomorphic surfaces. Some structures observed in pedogenic calcretes may be present in other types of calcrete but the horizontal zonation typical of deposits of soil processes is absent. Laminar structure in particular is not restricted to pedogenic deposits and is common in many varieties of calcrete. Very little chemical change occurs in the noncalcareous nonclayey fractions of calcretes with age; but clay minerals within calcretes undergo a complex history of authigenesis. There is a depletion of magnesium in the calcareous portion and an enrichment of magnesium in the clayey portion of a calcrete with age. In keeping with this relationship, montmorillonite, or mixed layer montmorillonite-illite, is common in younger calcretes; whereas the high magnesium-silicate clays, sepiolite and palygorskite, are common in older calcretes. This indicates that the magnesium depleted from the carbonate is redistributed authigenically in clay minerals. The mobility of carbonate introduces many problems in attempts to date calcretes directly. Although the relative ages of soils within a province may be determined by quant

Maximizing the performance of a multiple-stage variable-throat venturi scrubber for particle collection

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Muir, D. M.; Akeredolu, F.

The high collection efficiencies that are required nowadays to meet the stricter pollution control standards necessitate the use of high-energy scrubbers, such as the venturi scrubber, for the arrestment of fine particulate matter from exhaust gas streams. To achieve more energy-efficient particle collection, several venturi stages may be used in series. This paper is principally a theoretical investigation of the performance of a multiple-stage venturi scrubber, the main objective of the study being to establish the best venturi design configuration for any given set of operating conditions. A mathematical model is used to predict collection efficiency vs pressure drop relationships for particle sizes in the range 0.2-5.0 μm for one-, two-, three- and four-stage scrubbers. The theoretical predictions are borne out qualitatively by experimental work. The paper shows that the three-stage venturi produces the highest collection efficiencies over the normal operating range except for the collection of very fine particles at low pressure drops, when the single-stage venturi is best. The significant improvement in performance achieved by the three-stage venturi when compared with conventional single-stage operation increases as both the particle size and system pressure drop increase.

Investigation of Unsteady Flow Field in a Low-Speed One and a Half Stage Axial Compressor. Part 2; Effects of Tip Gap Size On the Tip Clearance Flow Structure at Near Stall Operation

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hah, Chunill; Hathaway, Michael; Katz, Joseph

2014-01-01

The primary focus of this paper is to investigate the effect of rotor tip gap size on how the rotor unsteady tip clearance flow structure changes in a low speed one and half stage axial compressor at near stall operation (for example, where maximum pressure rise is obtained). A Large Eddy Simulation (LES) is applied to calculate the unsteady flow field at this flow condition with both a small and a large tip gaps. The numerically obtained flow fields at the small clearance matches fairly well with the available initial measurements obtained at the Johns Hopkins University with 3-D unsteady PIV in an index-matched test facility which renders the compressor blades and casing optically transparent. With this setup, the unsteady velocity field in the entire flow domain, including the flow inside the tip gap, can be measured. The numerical results are also compared with previously published measurements in a low speed single stage compressor (Maerz et al. [2002]). The current study shows that, with the smaller rotor tip gap, the tip clearance vortex moves to the leading edge plane at near stall operating condition, creating a nearly circumferentially aligned vortex that persists around the entire rotor. On the other hand, with a large tip gap, the clearance vortex stays inside the blade passage at near stall operation. With the large tip gap, flow instability and related large pressure fluctuation at the leading edge are observed in this one and a half stage compressor. Detailed examination of the unsteady flow structure in this compressor stage reveals that the flow instability is due to shed vortices near the leading edge, and not due to a three-dimensional separation vortex originating from the suction side of the blade, which is commonly referred to during a spike-type stall inception. The entire tip clearance flow is highly unsteady. Many vortex structures in the tip clearance flow, including the sheet vortex system near the casing, interact with each other. The core tip clearance vortex, which is formed with the rotor tip gap flows near the leading edge, is also highly unsteady or intermittent due to pressure oscillations near the leading edge and varies from passage to passage. For the current compressor stage, the evidence does not seem to support that a classical vortex breakup occurs in any organized way, even with the large tip gap. Although wakes from the IGV influence the tip clearance flow in the rotor, the major characteristics of rotor tip clearance flows in isolated or single stage rotors are observed in this one and a half stage axial compressor.

Genome Wide Association Study and Follow-Up Analysis of Adiposity Traits in Hispanic-Americans: the IRAS Family Study

PubMed Central

Norris, Jill M.; Langefeld, Carl D.; Talbert, Matthew E.; Wing, Maria R.; Haritunians, Talin; Fingerlin, Tasha E.; Hanley, Anthony J. G.; Ziegler, Julie T.; Taylor, Kent D.; Haffner, Steven M.; Chen, Yii-Der I.; Bowden, Donald W.; Wagenknecht, Lynne E.

2010-01-01

We investigated candidate genomic regions associated with computed tomography (CT)-derived measures of adiposity in Hispanic from the IRAS Family Study. In 1190 Hispanic individuals from 92 families from the San Luis Valley, CO and San Antonio, TX, we measured CT-derived visceral adipose tissue (VAT); subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT); and visceral: subcutaneous ratio (VSR). A genome-wide association study (GWAS) was completed using the Illumina HumanHap 300 BeadChip (~317K single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs)) in 229 individuals from the San Antonio site (Stage 1). Two hundred ninety-seven SNPs with evidence for association with VAT, SAT, or VSR, adjusting for age and sex (p<0.001), were genotyped in the remaining 961 Hispanic samples. The entire Hispanic cohort (n = 1190) was then tested for association, adjusting for age, sex, site of recruitment and admixture estimates (Stage 2). In Stage 3, additional SNPs were genotyped in four genic regions showing evidence of association in Stage 2. Several SNPs were associated in the GWAS (p<1×10−5) and were confirmed to be significantly associated in the entire Hispanic cohort (p<0.01), including: rs7543757 for VAT; rs4754373, and rs11212913 for SAT; and rs4541696, and rs4134351 for VSR. Numerous SNPs were associated with multiple adiposity phenotypes. Targeted analysis of four genes whose SNPs were significant in Stage 2 suggest candidate genes for influencing the distribution (RGS6) and amount of adiposity (NGEF). Several candidate loci, including RGS6 and NGEF, are associated with CT-derived adipose fat measures in Hispanic Americans in a three-stage genetic association study. PMID:19461586

Genome-wide association study and follow-up analysis of adiposity traits in Hispanic Americans: the IRAS Family Study.

PubMed

Norris, Jill M; Langefeld, Carl D; Talbert, Matthew E; Wing, Maria R; Haritunians, Talin; Fingerlin, Tasha E; Hanley, Anthony J G; Ziegler, Julie T; Taylor, Kent D; Haffner, Steven M; Chen, Yii-Der I; Bowden, Donald W; Wagenknecht, Lynne E

2009-10-01

We investigated candidate genomic regions associated with computed tomography (CT)-derived measures of adiposity in Hispanics from the Insulin Resistance Atherosclerosis Study Family Study (IRASFS). In 1,190 Hispanic individuals from 92 families 3 from the San Luis Valley, Colorado and San Antonio, Texas, we measured CT-derived visceral adipose tissue (VAT), subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT), and visceral:subcutaneous ratio (VSR). A genome-wide association study (GWAS) was completed using the Illumina HumanHap 300 BeadChip (approximately 317K single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs)) in 229 individuals from the San Antonio site (stage 1). In total, 297 SNPs with evidence for association with VAT, SAT, or VSR, adjusting for age and sex (P<0.001), were genotyped in the remaining 961 Hispanic samples. The entire Hispanic cohort (n=1,190) was then tested for association, adjusting for age, sex, site of recruitment, and admixture estimates (stage 2). In stage 3, additional SNPs were genotyped in four genic regions showing evidence of association in stage 2. Several SNPs were associated in the GWAS (P<1x10(-5)) and were confirmed to be significantly associated in the entire Hispanic cohort (P<0.01), including: rs7543757 for VAT, rs4754373 and rs11212913 for SAT, and rs4541696 and rs4134351 for VSR. Numerous SNPs were associated with multiple adiposity phenotypes. Targeted analysis of four genes whose SNPs were significant in stage 2 suggests candidate genes for influencing the distribution (RGS6) and amount of adiposity (NGEF). Several candidate loci, including RGS6 and NGEF, are associated with CT-derived adipose fat measures in Hispanic Americans in a three-stage genetic association study.

Effect of stage of initial labor dystocia on vaginal birth after cesarean success

PubMed Central

Lewkowitz, Adam Korrick; Nakagawa, Sanae; Thiet, Mari-Paule; Rosenstein, Melissa Greer

2016-01-01

OBJECTIVE The objective of the study was to examine whether the stage of labor dystocia causing a primary cesarean delivery (CD) affects a trial of labor after cesarean (TOLAC) success. STUDY DESIGN This was a retrospective cohort study of women who had primary CD of singleton pregnancies for first- or second-stage labor dystocia and attempted TOLAC at a single hospital between 2002 and 2014. We compared TOLAC success rates between women whose primary CD was for first- vs second-stage labor dystocia and investigated whether the effect of prior dystocia stage on TOLAC success was modified by previous vaginal delivery (VD). RESULTS A total of 238 women were included; nearly half (49%) achieved vaginal birth after cesarean (VBAC). Women with a history of second-stage labor dystocia were more likely to have VBAC compared with those with first-stage dystocia, although this trend was not statistically significant among the general population (55% vs 45%, adjusted odds ratio, 1.4, 95% confidence interval, 0.8–2.5]). However, among women without a prior VD, those with a history of second-stage dystocia did have statistically higher odds of achieving VBAC than those with prior first-stage dystocia (54% vs 38%, adjusted odds ratio, 1.8 [95% confidence interval, 1.0–3.3], P for interaction = .043). CONCLUSION Nearly half of women with a history of primary CD for labor dystocia will achieve VBAC. Women with a history of second-stage labor dystocia have a slightly higher VBAC rate, seen to a statistically significant degree in those without a history of prior VD. TOLAC should be offered to all eligible women and should not be discouraged in women with a prior second-stage arrest. PMID:26348381

Effect of stage of initial labor dystocia on vaginal birth after cesarean success.

PubMed

Lewkowitz, Adam Korrick; Nakagawa, Sanae; Thiet, Mari-Paule; Rosenstein, Melissa Greer

2015-12-01

The objective of the study was to examine whether the stage of labor dystocia causing a primary cesarean delivery (CD) affects a trial of labor after cesarean (TOLAC) success. This was a retrospective cohort study of women who had primary CD of singleton pregnancies for first- or second-stage labor dystocia and attempted TOLAC at a single hospital between 2002 and 2014. We compared TOLAC success rates between women whose primary CD was for first- vs second-stage labor dystocia and investigated whether the effect of prior dystocia stage on TOLAC success was modified by previous vaginal delivery (VD). A total of 238 women were included; nearly half (49%) achieved vaginal birth after cesarean (VBAC). Women with a history of second-stage labor dystocia were more likely to have VBAC compared with those with first-stage dystocia, although this trend was not statistically significant among the general population (55% vs 45%, adjusted odds ratio, 1.4, 95% confidence interval, 0.8-2.5]). However, among women without a prior VD, those with a history of second-stage dystocia did have statistically higher odds of achieving VBAC than those with prior first-stage dystocia (54% vs 38%, adjusted odds ratio, 1.8 [95% confidence interval, 1.0-3.3], P for interaction = .043). Nearly half of women with a history of primary CD for labor dystocia will achieve VBAC. Women with a history of second-stage labor dystocia have a slightly higher VBAC rate, seen to a statistically significant degree in those without a history of prior VD. TOLAC should be offered to all eligible women and should not be discouraged in women with a prior second-stage arrest. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Optimal dual-fuel propulsion for minimum inert weight or minimum fuel cost

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Martin, J. A.

1973-01-01

An analytical investigation of single-stage vehicles with multiple propulsion phases has been conducted with the phasing optimized to minimize a general cost function. Some results are presented for linearized sizing relationships which indicate that single-stage-to-orbit, dual-fuel rocket vehicles can have lower inert weight than similar single-fuel rocket vehicles and that the advantage of dual-fuel vehicles can be increased if a dual-fuel engine is developed. The results also indicate that the optimum split can vary considerably with the choice of cost function to be minimized.

One-stage sequential bilateral thoracic expansion for asphyxiating thoracic dystrophy (Jeune syndrome).

PubMed

Muthialu, Nagarajan; Mussa, Shafi; Owens, Catherine M; Bulstrode, Neil; Elliott, Martin J

2014-10-01

Jeune syndrome (asphyxiating thoracic dystrophy) is a rare disorder characterized by skeletal dysplasia, reduced diameter of the thoracic cage and extrathoracic organ involvement. Fatal, early respiratory insufficiency may occur. Two-stage lateral thoracic expansion has been reported, addressing each side sequentially over 3-12 months. While staged repair theoretically provides less invasive surgery in a small child with respiratory distress, we utilized a single stage, bilateral procedure aiming to rapidly maximize lung development. Combined bilateral surgery also offered the chance of rapid recovery, and reduced hospital stay. We present our early experience of this modification of existing surgical treatment for an extremely rare condition, thought to be generally fatal in early childhood. Nine children (6 males, 3 females; median age 30 months [3.5-75]) underwent thoracic expansion for Jeune syndrome in our centre. All patients required preoperative respiratory support (5 with tracheostomy, 8 requiring positive pressure ventilation regularly within each day/night cycle). Two children underwent sequential unilateral (2-month interval between stages) and 7 children bilateral thoracic expansion by means of staggered osteotomies of third to eighth ribs and plate fixation of fourth to fifth rib and sixth to seventh rib, leaving the remaining ribs floating. There was no operative mortality. There were 2 deaths within 3 months of surgery, due to pulmonary hypertension (1 following two-stage and 1 following single-stage thoracic expansion). At the median follow-up of 11 months (1-15), 3 children have been discharged home from their referring unit and 2 have significantly reduced respiratory support. One child remains on non-invasive ventilation and another is still ventilated with a high oxygen requirement. Jeune syndrome is a difficult condition to manage, but bilateral thoracic expansion offers an effective reduction in ventilator requirements in these children. While two-stage repair has been described previously, this is the first report of single-stage bilateral thoracic expansion. Single-stage repair is feasible and may offer better resource management and significant cost savings by potentially reducing theatre usage and overall length of stay (intensive care and hospital) without compromising clinical outcomes. © The Author 2014. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery. All rights reserved.

One stage reconstruction of the floor of the mouth with a subcutaneous pedicled nasolabial flap.

PubMed

El-Marakby, Hamdy H; Fouad, Fouad A; Ali, Ahmed H

2012-06-01

Nasolabial flaps have been recognised as versatile flaps for a variety of defects in the face, nose, lip and the oral cavity. Random pattern inferiorly based nasolabial flaps (NLF) have been utilised for covering small defects on the anterior floor of the mouth, but usually require a second stage procedure to divide the flap base. A subcutaneous pedicled inferiorly based nasolabial flap can provide a one stage repair of moderate sized defects of the floor of the mouth after de epithelialisation of the base of the flap. To evaluate the feasibility of a single stage reconstruction of intermediate sized defects in the oral cavity with an inferiorly based pedicled NLF. The study includes the indications of use of the flap, flap design, technique, and the complications rate. The incidence of secondary procedures and the final functional and the aesthetic results will also be evaluated. A group of 20 patients presented with (T1-2) squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity have been treated at the Department of Surgery, National Cancer Institute, Cairo; in the period between January 2008 and September 2010. The pathology was confirmed with an incision biopsy and all metastatic work were carried out confirming that all patients were free from distant metastasis at presentation. Preoperative assessment also included assessment of the stage of the disease, the flap design and patient fitness for general anaesthesia. All patients underwent surgical excision combined with reconstruction of the defect with a subcutaneous inferiorly based pedicled NLF. The proximal part of the flap was routinely de epithelialised before it has been tunnelled through the cheek so a one stage procedure could only be required. The mean age of the patients was 62.3±6years, range (52-69years). All patients were diagnosed with squamous cell carcinoma. The anterior floor of the mouth constituted 40% of the defects, the lateral floor of the mouth 20% and the inner surface of the cheek 40%. There was no reported major complication; and only one patient suffered a reactionary haemorrhage that required re-exploration to secure the bleeder. A single procedure was adequate in most patients (80%), only 20% of patients required revision of the scar at the donor site or release of the tongue. The overall aesthetic results were either very satisfactory or satisfactory in the majority of patients (90%). Two patients were not satisfied with the final aesthetic results, one suffered from ectropion and the other had a donor site wound healing problem. The functional results (deglutition, speech) were satisfactory in most patients (70%), all were edentulous. An inferiorly based pedicled NLF is a reliable flap for the reconstruction of small and medium sized defects in the oral cavity. The flap can be best utilised for old edentulous and high risk patients where it can be used as a single stage procedure which is particularly useful in those types of patients. The flap can be safely combined with neck dissection even when the facial artery was ligated. Copyright © 2012 National Cancer Institute, Cairo University. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Single-stage experimental evaluation of tandem-airfoil rotor and stator blading for compressors. Part 3: Data and performance for stage C

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Brent, J. A.; Clemmons, D.

1972-01-01

Stage C, comprised of tandem-airfoil rotor C and tandem-airfoil stator B, was designed and tested to establish performance data for comparison with the performance of conventional single-airfoil blading. Velocity diagrams and blade leading and trailing edge metal angles selected for the conventional rotor and stator blading were used in the design of the tandem blading. The rotor had an inlet hub/tip ratio of 0.8 and a design tip velocity of 757 ft/sec. At design equivalent rotor speed, rotor C achieved a maximum adiabatic efficiency of 91.8% at a pressure ratio of 1.31. The stage maximum adiabatic efficiency was 86.5% at a pressure ratio of 1.31.

Hirschsprung's disease management: from multi staged operation to single staged transanal pull-through.

PubMed

Wang, J X; Dahal, G R

2009-06-01

Hirschsprung's disease (HD) is a common congenital disease of colorectum. Although it was described more than one century ago, the effective treatment was established only half a century later. The initially treatment consisted of preoperative diverting colostomy, followed by definite pull-through and closure of colostomy on later date. A variety of procedures like Swenson, Duhamel, Rehbein and Soave were evolved with time. With the better understanding of pathogenesis and improvement on surgical technique, now the operation has become less extensive. In recent days, the classical 3 staged procedure is replaced by single staged procedure. All the procedure can be completed transanally. Since De la Torre in 1998, first reported total transanal endorectal pull-through, it became the most popular technique for the treatment of HD.

Formation of quasi-single crystalline porous ZnO nanostructures with a single large cavity

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Cho, Seungho; Kim, Semi; Jung, Dae-Won; Lee, Kun-Hong

2011-09-01

We report a method for synthesizing quasi-single crystalline porous ZnO nanostructures containing a single large cavity. The microwave-assisted route consists of a short (about 2 min) temperature ramping stage (from room temperature to 120 °C) and a stage in which the temperature is maintained at 120 °C for 2 h. The structures produced by this route were 200-480 nm in diameter. The morphological yields of this method were very high. The temperature- and time-dependent evolution of the synthesized powders and the effects of an additive, vitamin C, were studied. Spherical amorphous/polycrystalline structures (70-170 nm in diameter), which appeared transitorily, may play a key role in the formation of the single crystalline porous hollow ZnO nanostructures. Studies and characterization of the nanostructures suggested a possible mechanism for formation of the quasi-single crystalline porous ZnO nanostructures with an interior space.We report a method for synthesizing quasi-single crystalline porous ZnO nanostructures containing a single large cavity. The microwave-assisted route consists of a short (about 2 min) temperature ramping stage (from room temperature to 120 °C) and a stage in which the temperature is maintained at 120 °C for 2 h. The structures produced by this route were 200-480 nm in diameter. The morphological yields of this method were very high. The temperature- and time-dependent evolution of the synthesized powders and the effects of an additive, vitamin C, were studied. Spherical amorphous/polycrystalline structures (70-170 nm in diameter), which appeared transitorily, may play a key role in the formation of the single crystalline porous hollow ZnO nanostructures. Studies and characterization of the nanostructures suggested a possible mechanism for formation of the quasi-single crystalline porous ZnO nanostructures with an interior space. Electronic supplementary information (ESI) available: TEM images and the corresponding SAED image of a ZnO nanostructure synthesized from the reaction without l(+)-ascorbic acid at the 85 °C time point (Fig. S1). See DOI: 10.1039/c1nr10609k

Syphilis: Re-emergence of an old foe

PubMed Central

Stamm, Lola V.

2016-01-01

Syphilis is caused by infection with Treponema pallidum subsp. pallidum, a not-yet-cultivable spiral-shaped bacterium that is usually transmitted by sexual contact with an infected partner or by an infected pregnant woman to her fetus. There is no vaccine to prevent syphilis. Diagnosis and treatment of infected individuals and their contacts is key to syphilis control programs that also include sex education and promotion of condom use to prevent infection. Untreated syphilis can progress through four stages: primary (chancre, regional lymphadenopathy), secondary (disseminated skin eruptions, generalized lymphadenopathy), latent (decreased re-occurrence of secondary stage manifestations, absence of symptoms), and tertiary (gummas, cardiovascular syphilis and late neurological symptoms). The primary and secondary stages are the most infectious. WHO estimates that each year 11 million new cases of syphilis occur globally among adults aged 15-49 years. Syphilis has re-emerged in several regions including North America, Western Europe, China and Australia. Host-associated factors that drive the re-emergence and spread of syphilis include high-risk sexual activity, migration and travel, and economic and social changes that limit access to health care. Early, uncomplicated syphilis is curable with a single intramuscular injection of benzathine penicillin G (BPG), the first line drug for all stages of syphilis. Emergence of macrolide-resistant T. pallidum has essentially precluded the empirical use of azithromycin as a second-line drug for treatment of syphilis. Virulence attributes of T. pallidum are poorly understood. Genomic and proteomic studies have provided some new information concerning how this spirochete may evade host defense mechanisms to persist for long periods in the host. PMID:28357375

Delayed Single Stage Perineal Posterior Urethroplasty.

PubMed

Ali, Shahzad; Shahnawaz; Shahzad, Iqbal; Baloch, Muhammad Umar

2015-06-01

To determine the delayed single stage perineal posterior urethroplasty for treatment of posterior urethral stricture/distraction defect. Descriptive case series. Department of Urology, Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre, Karachi, from January 2009 to December 2011. Patients were selected for delayed single stage perineal posterior urethroplasty for treatment of posterior urethral stricture / distraction defect. All were initially suprapubically catheterized followed by definitive surgery after at least 3 months. Thirty male patients were analyzed with a mean follow-up of 10 months, 2 patients were excluded as they developed failure in first 3 months postoperatively. Mean patient's age was 26.25 ± 7.9 years. On follow-up, 7 patients (23.3%) experienced recurrent stricture during first 10 months. Five (16.6%) patients were treated successfully with single direct visual internal urethrotomy. Two patients (6.6%) had more than one direct visual internal urethrotomy and considered failed. Re-do perineal urethroplasty was eventually performed. The overall success rate was 93.3% with permissive criteria allowing single direct visual internal urethrotomy and 76.6% with strict criteria allowing no more procedures postoperatively. Posterior anastomotic urethroplasty offers excellent long-term results to patients with posterior urethral trauma and distraction defect even after multiple prior procedures.

Work-hardening behaviour of Mg single crystals oriented for basal slip

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bhattacharya, B.; Niewczas, M.

2011-06-01

Work-hardening behaviour of Mg single crystals oriented for basal slip was studied by means of tensile tests carried out at 4, 78 and 295 K. The crystals show critical resolved shear stress values (CRSS) for a {0001} ? basal slip system in the range 1-1.5 MPa. The samples exhibit two-stage work hardening characteristics consisting of a long easy glide stage and a stage of rapid hardening terminated by failure. The onset of the plastic flow up to the point of fracture is accompanied by a low work-hardening rate in the range 5 × 10-5-5 × 10-4 µ, corresponding to the hardening rate in Stage I of copper single crystals. The analysis of thermally activated glide parameters suggests that forest interactions are rate-controlling processes. The very low value of the activation distance found at 4 K, ∼0.047 b, is attributed to zero-point energy effects. The failure of crystals occurs well before their hardening capacity is exhausted by mechanisms which are characteristic of deformation temperature.

Measured effects of coolant injection on the performance of a film cooled turbine

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Mcdonel, J. D.; Eiswerth, J. E.

1977-01-01

Tests have been conducted on a 20-inch diameter single-stage air-cooled turbine designed to evaluate the effects of film cooling air on turbine aerodynamic performance. The present paper reports the results of five test configurations, including two different cooling designs and three combinations of cooled and solid airfoils. A comparison is made of the experimental results with a previously published analytical method of evaluating coolant injection effects on turbine performance.

Conceptual design studies of lift/cruise fans for military transports

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1974-01-01

A study program for conceptual design studies of remote lift and lift/cruise fan systems to meet the requirements of military V/STOL aircraft was conducted. Parametric performance and design data are presented for fans covering a range of pressure ratios, including both single and two stage fan concepts. The gas generator selected for these fan systems was the J101-GE-100 engine. Noise generation and transient response were determined for selected fan systems.

Applying flow chemistry: methods, materials, and multistep synthesis.

PubMed

McQuade, D Tyler; Seeberger, Peter H

2013-07-05

The synthesis of complex molecules requires control over both chemical reactivity and reaction conditions. While reactivity drives the majority of chemical discovery, advances in reaction condition control have accelerated method development/discovery. Recent tools include automated synthesizers and flow reactors. In this Synopsis, we describe how flow reactors have enabled chemical advances in our groups in the areas of single-stage reactions, materials synthesis, and multistep reactions. In each section, we detail the lessons learned and propose future directions.

The Assessment of Selectivity in Different Quadrupole-Orbitrap Mass Spectrometry Acquisition Modes

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Berendsen, Bjorn J. A.; Wegh, Robin S.; Meijer, Thijs; Nielen, Michel W. F.

2015-02-01

Selectivity of the confirmation of identity in liquid chromatography (tandem) mass spectrometry using Q-Orbitrap instrumentation was assessed using different acquisition modes based on a representative experimental data set constructed from 108 samples, including six different matrix extracts and containing over 100 analytes each. Single stage full scan, all ion fragmentation, and product ion scanning were applied. By generating reconstructed ion chromatograms using unit mass window in targeted MS2, selected reaction monitoring (SRM), regularly applied using triple-quadrupole instruments, was mimicked. This facilitated the comparison of single stage full scan, all ion fragmentation, (mimicked) SRM, and product ion scanning applying a mass window down to 1 ppm. Single factor Analysis of Variance was carried out on the variance (s2) of the mass error to determine which factors and interactions are significant parameters with respect to selectivity. We conclude that selectivity is related to the target compound (mainly the mass defect), the matrix, sample clean-up, concentration, and mass resolution. Selectivity of the different instrumental configurations was quantified by counting the number of interfering peaks observed in the chromatograms. We conclude that precursor ion selection significantly contributes to selectivity: monitoring of a single product ion at high mass accuracy with a 1 Da precursor ion window proved to be equally selective or better to monitoring two transition products in mimicked SRM. In contrast, monitoring a single fragment in all ion fragmentation mode results in significantly lower selectivity versus mimicked SRM. After a thorough inter-laboratory evaluation study, the results of this study can be used for a critical reassessment of the current identification points system and contribute to the next generation of evidence-based and robust performance criteria in residue analysis and sports doping.

Single-center evaluation of the single-dose pharmacokinetics of the angiotensin II receptor antagonist azilsartan medoxomil in renal impairment.

PubMed

Preston, Richard A; Karim, Aziz; Dudkowski, Caroline; Zhao, Zhen; Garg, Dyal; Lenz, Oliver; Sica, Domenic A

2013-05-01

Azilsartan medoxomil (AZL-M) is a potent angiotensin II receptor blocker that decreases blood pressure in a dose-dependent manner. It is a pro-drug and not detected in blood after oral administration because of rapid hydrolysis to the active moiety, azilsartan (AZL). AZL undergoes further metabolism to the major metabolite M-II and minor metabolites. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of renal impairment on the pharmacokinetics of AZL and its major metabolite. This was a single-center, open-label, phase I parallel-group study which examined the single-dose (40-mg) pharmacokinetics of AZL and M-II in 24 subjects with mild, moderate, or severe renal impairment or end-stage renal disease requiring hemodialysis (n = 6 per group), respectively, and healthy matched subjects (n = 24). Renal impairment/disease did not cause clinically meaningful increases in exposure to AZL. M-II exposure was higher in all renally impaired subjects and highest in those with severe impairment (approx fivefold higher vs. control). M-II is pharmacologically inactive; increased exposure was not considered important in dose selection for AZL-M in subjects with renal impairment. Hemodialysis did not significantly remove AZL or M-II. Renal impairment had no clinically meaningful effect on the plasma protein binding of AZL or M-II. Single doses of AZL-M 40 mg were well tolerated in all subject groups. Based on the pharmacokinetic and tolerability findings, no dose adjustment of AZL-M is required for subjects with any degree of renal impairment, including end-stage renal disease.

A high-order positivity-preserving single-stage single-step method for the ideal magnetohydrodynamic equations

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Christlieb, Andrew J.; Feng, Xiao; Seal, David C.; Tang, Qi

2016-07-01

We propose a high-order finite difference weighted ENO (WENO) method for the ideal magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) equations. The proposed method is single-stage (i.e., it has no internal stages to store), single-step (i.e., it has no time history that needs to be stored), maintains a discrete divergence-free condition on the magnetic field, and has the capacity to preserve the positivity of the density and pressure. To accomplish this, we use a Taylor discretization of the Picard integral formulation (PIF) of the finite difference WENO method proposed in Christlieb et al. (2015) [23], where the focus is on a high-order discretization of the fluxes (as opposed to the conserved variables). We use the version where fluxes are expanded to third-order accuracy in time, and for the fluid variables space is discretized using the classical fifth-order finite difference WENO discretization. We use constrained transport in order to obtain divergence-free magnetic fields, which means that we simultaneously evolve the magnetohydrodynamic (that has an evolution equation for the magnetic field) and magnetic potential equations alongside each other, and set the magnetic field to be the (discrete) curl of the magnetic potential after each time step. In this work, we compute these derivatives to fourth-order accuracy. In order to retain a single-stage, single-step method, we develop a novel Lax-Wendroff discretization for the evolution of the magnetic potential, where we start with technology used for Hamilton-Jacobi equations in order to construct a non-oscillatory magnetic field. The end result is an algorithm that is similar to our previous work Christlieb et al. (2014) [8], but this time the time stepping is replaced through a Taylor method with the addition of a positivity-preserving limiter. Finally, positivity preservation is realized by introducing a parameterized flux limiter that considers a linear combination of high and low-order numerical fluxes. The choice of the free parameter is then given in such a way that the fluxes are limited towards the low-order solver until positivity is attained. Given the lack of additional degrees of freedom in the system, this positivity limiter lacks energy conservation where the limiter turns on. However, this ingredient can be dropped for problems where the pressure does not become negative. We present two and three dimensional numerical results for several standard test problems including a smooth Alfvén wave (to verify formal order of accuracy), shock tube problems (to test the shock-capturing ability of the scheme), Orszag-Tang, and cloud shock interactions. These results assert the robustness and verify the high-order of accuracy of the proposed scheme.

Stages of physical dependence in New Zealand smokers: Prevalence and correlates.

PubMed

Walton, Darren; Newcombe, Rhiannon; Li, Judy; Tu, Danny; DiFranza, Joseph R

2016-12-01

Physically dependent smokers experience symptoms of wanting, craving or needing to smoke when too much time has passed since the last cigarette. There is interest in whether wanting, craving and needing represent variations in the intensity of a single physiological parameter or whether multiple physiological processes may be involved in the developmental progression of physical dependence. Our aim was to determine how a population of cigarette smokers is distributed across the wanting, craving and needing stages of physical dependence. A nationwide survey of 2594 New Zealanders aged 15years and over was conducted in 2014. The stage of physical dependence was assessed using the Levels of Physical Dependence measure. Ordinal logistic regression analysis was used to assess relations between physical dependence and other variables. Among 590 current smokers (weighted 16.2% of the sample), 22.3% had no physical dependence, 23.5% were in the Wanting stage, 14.4% in the Craving stage, and 39.8% in the Needing stage. The stage of physical dependence was predicted by daily cigarette consumption, and the time to first cigarette, but not by age, gender, ethnicity or socioeconomic status. Fewer individuals were in the craving stage than either the wanting or needing stages. The resulting inverted U-shaped curve with concentrations at either extreme is difficult to explain as a variation of a single biological parameter. The data support an interpretation that progression through the stages of wanting, craving and needing may involve more than one physiological process. Physical dependence to tobacco develops through a characteristic sequence of wanting, craving and needing which correspond to changes in addiction pathways in the brain. It is important to neuroscience research to determine if the development of physical dependence involves changes in a single brain process, or multiple processes. Our data suggests that more than one physiologic process is involved in the progression of physical dependence. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Anaerobic-aerobic treatment of purified terephthalic acid (PTA) effluent; a techno-economic alternative to two-stage aerobic process.

PubMed

Pophali, G R; Khan, R; Dhodapkar, R S; Nandy, T; Devotta, S

2007-12-01

This paper addresses the treatment of purified terephthalic acid (PTA) effluent using anaerobic and aerobic processes. Laboratory studies were carried out on flow proportionate composite wastewater generated from the manufacturing of PTA. An activated sludge process (ASP-two stage and single stage) and an upflow anaerobic fixed film fixed bed reactor (AFFFBR) were used, individually and in combination. The performance of a full-scale ETP under existing operating conditions was also studied. Full scale ETP studies revealed that the treatment of PTA effluent using a two-stage ASP alone does not meet treated effluent quality within the prescribed Indian Standards. The biomass produced in the two stage ASP was very viscous and fluffy and the sludge volume index (SVI) was very high (200-450 ml/g). However, pretreatment of PTA effluent using an upflow AFFFBR ensured substantial reduction in BOD (63%) and COD (62%) with recovery of biogas at 1.8-1.96 l/l effluent treated at a volumetric loading rate (VLR) 4-5 kg COD/m(3) d. The methane content in the biogas varied between 55% and 60%. The pretreated effluent from the upflow AFFFBR was then treated through a single stage ASP. The biomass produced in the ASP after anaerobic treatment had very good settlability (SVI: 75-90 ml/g) as compared to the two stage ASP and the treated effluent quality with respect to BOD, COD and SS was within the prescribed Indian Standards. The alternative treatment process comprising an upflow AFFFBR and a single stage ASP ensured net power saving of 257 kW and in addition generated 442 kW of power through the AFFFBR.

The Prognostic Value of the 8th Edition of the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) Staging System in HER2-Enriched Subtype Breast Cancer, a Retrospective Analysis.

PubMed

Zhou, Bin; Xu, Ling; Ye, Jingming; Xin, Ling; Duan, Xuening; Liu, Yinhua

2017-08-01

The American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) released its 8th edition of tumor staging which is to be implemented in early 2018. The present study aimed to analyze the prognostic value of AJCC 8th edition Cancer Staging System in HER2-enriched breast cancer, on a retrospective cohort. This study was a retrospective single-center study of HER2-enriched breast cancer cases diagnosed from January 2008 to December 2014. Clinicopathological features and follow up data including disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) were analyzed to explore prognostic factors for disease outcome. We restaged patients based on the 8th edition of the AJCC cancer staging system and analyzed prognostic value of the Anatomic Stage Group and the Prognostic Stage Group. The study enrolled 170 HER2-enriched subtype breast cancer patients with 5-year disease free survival (DFS) of 85.1% and 5-year overall survival (OS) of 86.8%. Prognostic stages of 117 cases (68.8%) changed compared with anatomic stages, with 116 upstaged cases and 1 downstaged case. The Anatomic Stage Groups had a significant prognostic impact on DFS (χ 2 =16.752, p<0.001) and OS (χ 2 =25.038, p<0.001). The Prognostic Staging Groups had a significant prognostic impact on DFS (χ 2 =6.577, p=0.037) and OS (χ 2 =21.762, p<0.001). In the multivariate analysis, both stage groups were independent predictors of OS. Both Anatomic and Prognostic Stage Groups in the 8th edition of the AJCC breast cancer staging system had prognostic value in HER2-enriched subtype breast cancer. The Prognostic Stage system was a breakthrough on the basis of anatomic staging system. Copyright© 2017, International Institute of Anticancer Research (Dr. George J. Delinasios), All rights reserved.

Cutting performance orthogonal test of single plane puncture biopsy needle based on puncture force

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Xu, Yingqiang; Zhang, Qinhe; Liu, Guowei

2017-04-01

Needle biopsy is a method to extract the cells from the patient's body with a needle for tissue pathological examination. Many factors affect the cutting process of soft tissue, including the geometry of the biopsy needle, the mechanical properties of the soft tissue, the parameters of the puncture process and the interaction between them. This paper conducted orthogonal experiment of main cutting parameters based on single plane puncture biopsy needle, and obtained the cutting force curve of single plane puncture biopsy needle by studying the influence of the inclination angle, diameter and velocity of the single plane puncture biopsy needle on the puncture force of the biopsy needle. Stage analysis of the cutting process of biopsy needle puncture was made to determine the main influencing factors of puncture force during the cutting process, which provides a certain theoretical support for the design of new type of puncture biopsy needle and the operation of puncture biopsy.

Using public control genotype data to increase power and decrease cost of case-control genetic association studies.

PubMed

Ho, Lindsey A; Lange, Ethan M

2010-12-01

Genome-wide association (GWA) studies are a powerful approach for identifying novel genetic risk factors associated with human disease. A GWA study typically requires the inclusion of thousands of samples to have sufficient statistical power to detect single nucleotide polymorphisms that are associated with only modest increases in risk of disease given the heavy burden of a multiple test correction that is necessary to maintain valid statistical tests. Low statistical power and the high financial cost of performing a GWA study remains prohibitive for many scientific investigators anxious to perform such a study using their own samples. A number of remedies have been suggested to increase statistical power and decrease cost, including the utilization of free publicly available genotype data and multi-stage genotyping designs. Herein, we compare the statistical power and relative costs of alternative association study designs that use cases and screened controls to study designs that are based only on, or additionally include, free public control genotype data. We describe a novel replication-based two-stage study design, which uses free public control genotype data in the first stage and follow-up genotype data on case-matched controls in the second stage that preserves many of the advantages inherent when using only an epidemiologically matched set of controls. Specifically, we show that our proposed two-stage design can substantially increase statistical power and decrease cost of performing a GWA study while controlling the type-I error rate that can be inflated when using public controls due to differences in ancestry and batch genotype effects.

Gene Discovery in Bladder Cancer Progression using cDNA Microarrays

PubMed Central

Sanchez-Carbayo, Marta; Socci, Nicholas D.; Lozano, Juan Jose; Li, Wentian; Charytonowicz, Elizabeth; Belbin, Thomas J.; Prystowsky, Michael B.; Ortiz, Angel R.; Childs, Geoffrey; Cordon-Cardo, Carlos

2003-01-01

To identify gene expression changes along progression of bladder cancer, we compared the expression profiles of early-stage and advanced bladder tumors using cDNA microarrays containing 17,842 known genes and expressed sequence tags. The application of bootstrapping techniques to hierarchical clustering segregated early-stage and invasive transitional carcinomas into two main clusters. Multidimensional analysis confirmed these clusters and more importantly, it separated carcinoma in situ from papillary superficial lesions and subgroups within early-stage and invasive tumors displaying different overall survival. Additionally, it recognized early-stage tumors showing gene profiles similar to invasive disease. Different techniques including standard t-test, single-gene logistic regression, and support vector machine algorithms were applied to identify relevant genes involved in bladder cancer progression. Cytokeratin 20, neuropilin-2, p21, and p33ING1 were selected among the top ranked molecular targets differentially expressed and validated by immunohistochemistry using tissue microarrays (n = 173). Their expression patterns were significantly associated with pathological stage, tumor grade, and altered retinoblastoma (RB) expression. Moreover, p33ING1 expression levels were significantly associated with overall survival. Analysis of the annotation of the most significant genes revealed the relevance of critical genes and pathways during bladder cancer progression, including the overexpression of oncogenic genes such as DEK in superficial tumors or immune response genes such as Cd86 antigen in invasive disease. Gene profiling successfully classified bladder tumors based on their progression and clinical outcome. The present study has identified molecular biomarkers of potential clinical significance and critical molecular targets associated with bladder cancer progression. PMID:12875971

Life history of a large flake biface

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Baena Preysler, Javier; Torres Navas, Concepción; Sharon, Gonen

2018-06-01

Bifaces, primarily handaxes and cleavers, are the hallmark of the Acheulian techno-complex lithic industry. They spread across Africa and Eurasia during the Early to Middle Pleistocene. While many attempts have been made to define and describe the typology and technology of these tools, most focus on a single stage in their manufacture and usage, from quarry to discard. These attempts are fragmented, primarily due to the fact that at no single site are all stages of biface manufacture and use represented. An additional factor that appears to impede attempts to present the full "life cycle" of bifaces is the view of all Acheulian assemblages as belonging to a single cultural entity. While all assemblages belong to the same techno-complex, distinct stages and phases should be recognized, each different in typology, technology, and probably also in chronology. This research focuses on the large flake stage of the Acheulian. Data accumulated over many years of research from different regions are analyzed together in an attempt to present a holistic view of the life cycle of a biface. The study of particular Acheulian sites from the Levant and Western Europe enables us to reconstruct all stages of the biface, from raw material exploitation to final discard. The result is a model more comprehensive and precise than those suggested previously for understanding the Large Flake Acheulian.

Impact of Cardiac Progenitor Cells on Heart Failure and Survival in Single Ventricle Congenital Heart Disease.

PubMed

Sano, Toshikazu; Ousaka, Daiki; Goto, Takuya; Ishigami, Shuta; Hirai, Kenta; Kasahara, Shingo; Ohtsuki, Shinichi; Sano, Shunji; Oh, Hidemasa

2018-03-30

Intracoronary administration of cardiosphere-derived cells (CDCs) in patients with single ventricles resulted in a short-term improvement in cardiac function. To test the hypothesis that CDC infusion is associated with improved cardiac function and reduced mortality in patients with heart failure. We evaluated the effectiveness of CDCs using an integrated cohort study in 101 patients with single ventricles, including 41 patients who received CDC infusion and 60 controls treated with staged palliation alone. Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (EF) or reduced EF was stratified by the cardiac function after surgical reconstruction. The main outcome measure was to evaluate the magnitude of improvement in cardiac function and all-cause mortality at 2 years. Animal studies were conducted to clarify the underlying mechanisms of heart failure with preserved EF and heart failure with reduced EF phenotypes. At 2 years, CDC infusion increased ventricular function (stage 2: +8.4±10.0% versus +1.6±6.4%, P =0.03; stage 3: +7.9±7.5% versus -1.1±5.5%, P <0.001) compared with controls. In all available follow-up data, survival did not differ between the 2 groups (log-rank P =0.225), whereas overall patients treated by CDCs had lower incidences of late failure ( P =0.022), adverse events ( P =0.013), and catheter intervention ( P =0.005) compared with controls. CDC infusion was associated with a lower risk of adverse events (hazard ratio, 0.411; 95% CI, 0.179-0.942; P =0.036). Notably, CDC infusion reduced mortality ( P =0.038) and late complications ( P <0.05) in patients with heart failure with reduced EF but not with heart failure with preserved EF. CDC-treated rats significantly reversed myocardial fibrosis with differential collagen deposition and inflammatory responses between the heart failure phenotypes. CDC administration in patients with single ventricles showed favorable effects on ventricular function and was associated with reduced late complications except for all-cause mortality after staged procedures. Patients with heart failure with reduced EF but not heart failure with preserved EF treated by CDCs resulted in significant improvement in clinical outcome. URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifiers: NCT01273857 and NCT01829750. © 2018 American Heart Association, Inc.

A review of findings of a study of rocket based combined cycle engines applied to extensively axisymmetric single stage to orbit vehicles

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Foster, Richard W.

1992-01-01

Extensively axisymmetric and non-axisymmetric Single Stage To Orbit (SSTO) vehicles are considered. The information is presented in viewgraph form and the following topics are presented: payload comparisons; payload as a percent of dry weight - a system hardware cost indicator; life cycle cost estimations; operations and support costs estimation; selected engine type; and rocket engine specific impulse calculation.

“Partial duplication of lower lip and hemimandible” A rare case

PubMed Central

Nayak, Bibhuti Bhusan; Mohanty, Nilamani

2012-01-01

Duplication of mandible and lower lip is a very rare congenital entity. We report an extremely uncommon case of Congenital Duplication of Lower lip and Mandible in a 3 year old girl, who was treated surgically in a single stage for correction of both lip and mandible. This was a commissure preserving single staged procedure. The Surgical procedure, the problems related to this anomaly and the embryology are discussed. PMID:23450337

Single-event burnout of n-p-n bipolar-junction transistors in hybrid DC/DC converters

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Warren, K.; Roth, D.; Kinnison, J.; Pappalardo, R.

2002-12-01

Single-event-induced failure of the Lambda Advanced Analog AMF2805S DC/DC Converter has been traced to burnout of an n-p-n transistor in the MOSFET drive stage. The failures were observed during testing while in inhibit mode only. Modifications to prevent burnout of the drive stage were successfully employed. A discussion of the failure mechanism and consequences for DC/DC converter testing are presented.

High peak-power kilohertz laser system employing single-stage multi-pass amplification

DOEpatents

Shan, Bing; Wang, Chun; Chang, Zenghu

2006-05-23

The present invention describes a technique for achieving high peak power output in a laser employing single-stage, multi-pass amplification. High gain is achieved by employing a very small "seed" beam diameter in gain medium, and maintaining the small beam diameter for multiple high-gain pre-amplification passes through a pumped gain medium, then leading the beam out of the amplifier cavity, changing the beam diameter and sending it back to the amplifier cavity for additional, high-power amplification passes through the gain medium. In these power amplification passes, the beam diameter in gain medium is increased and carefully matched to the pump laser's beam diameter for high efficiency extraction of energy from the pumped gain medium. A method of "grooming" the beam by means of a far-field spatial filter in the process of changing the beam size within the single-stage amplifier is also described.

Improved Murine Blastocyst Quality and Development in a Single Culture Medium Compared to Sequential Culture Media

PubMed Central

Hennings, Justin M.; Zimmer, Randall L.; Nabli, Henda; Davis, J. Wade; Sutovsky, Peter; Sutovsky, Miriam; Sharpe-Timms, Kathy L.

2015-01-01

Objective: Validate single versus sequential culture media for murine embryo development. Design: Prospective laboratory experiment. Setting: Assisted Reproduction Laboratory. Animals: Murine embryos. Interventions: Thawed murine zygotes cultured for 3 or 5 days (d3 or d5) in single or sequential embryo culture media developed for human in vitro fertilization. Main Outcome Measures: On d3, zygotes developing to the 8 cell (8C) stage or greater were quantified using 4’,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI), and quality was assessed by morphological analysis. On d5, the number of embryos reaching the blastocyst stage was counted. DAPI was used to quantify total nuclei and inner cell mass nuclei. Localization of ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase L1 (UCHL1) and ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase L3 (UCHL3) was reference points for evaluating cell quality. Results: Comparing outcomes in single versus to sequential media, the odds of embryos developing to the 8C stage on d3 were 2.34 time greater (P = .06). On d5, more embryos reached the blastocyst stage (P = <.0001), hatched, and had significantly more trophoblast cells (P = .005) contributing to the increased total cell number. Also at d5, localization of distinct cytoplasmic UCHL1 and nuclear UCHL3 was found in high-quality hatching blastocysts. Localization of UCHL1 and UCHL3 was diffuse and inappropriately dispersed throughout the cytoplasm in low-quality nonhatching blastocysts. Conclusions: Single medium yields greater cell numbers, an increased growth rate, and more hatching of murine embryos. Cytoplasmic UCHL1 and nuclear UHCL3 localization patterns were indicative of embryo quality. Our conclusions are limited to murine embryos but one might speculate that single medium may also be more beneficial for human embryo culture. Human embryo studies are needed. PMID:26668049

Improved Murine Blastocyst Quality and Development in a Single Culture Medium Compared to Sequential Culture Media.

PubMed

Hennings, Justin M; Zimmer, Randall L; Nabli, Henda; Davis, J Wade; Sutovsky, Peter; Sutovsky, Miriam; Sharpe-Timms, Kathy L

2016-03-01

Validate single versus sequential culture media for murine embryo development. Prospective laboratory experiment. Assisted Reproduction Laboratory. Murine embryos. Thawed murine zygotes cultured for 3 or 5 days (d3 or d5) in single or sequential embryo culture media developed for human in vitro fertilization. On d3, zygotes developing to the 8 cell (8C) stage or greater were quantified using 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI), and quality was assessed by morphological analysis. On d5, the number of embryos reaching the blastocyst stage was counted. DAPI was used to quantify total nuclei and inner cell mass nuclei. Localization of ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase L1 (UCHL1) and ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase L3 (UCHL3) was reference points for evaluating cell quality. Comparing outcomes in single versus to sequential media, the odds of embryos developing to the 8C stage on d3 were 2.34 time greater (P = .06). On d5, more embryos reached the blastocyst stage (P = <.0001), hatched, and had significantly more trophoblast cells (P = .005) contributing to the increased total cell number. Also at d5, localization of distinct cytoplasmic UCHL1 and nuclear UCHL3 was found in high-quality hatching blastocysts. Localization of UCHL1 and UCHL3 was diffuse and inappropriately dispersed throughout the cytoplasm in low-quality nonhatching blastocysts. Single medium yields greater cell numbers, an increased growth rate, and more hatching of murine embryos. Cytoplasmic UCHL1 and nuclear UHCL3 localization patterns were indicative of embryo quality. Our conclusions are limited to murine embryos but one might speculate that single medium may also be more beneficial for human embryo culture. Human embryo studies are needed. © The Author(s) 2015.

Single generation cycles and delayed feedback cycles are not separate phenomena.

PubMed

Pfaff, T; Brechtel, A; Drossel, B; Guill, C

2014-12-01

We study a simple model for generation cycles, which are oscillations with a period of one or a few generation times of the species. The model is formulated in terms of a single delay-differential equation for the population density of an adult stage, with recruitment to the adult stage depending on the intensity of competition during the juvenile phase. This model is a simplified version of a group of models proposed by Gurney and Nisbet, who were the first to distinguish between single-generation cycles and delayed-feedback cycles. According to these authors, the two oscillation types are caused by different mechanisms and have periods in different intervals, which are one to two generation times for single-generation cycles and two to four generation times for delayed-feedback cycles. By abolishing the strict coupling between the maturation time and the time delay between competition and its effect on the population dynamics, we find that single-generation cycles and delayed-feedback cycles occur in the same model version, with a gradual transition between the two as the model parameters are varied over a sufficiently large range. Furthermore, cycle periods are not bounded to lie within single octaves. This implies that a clear distinction between different types of generation cycles is not possible. Cycles of all periods and even chaos can be generated by varying the parameters that determine the time during which individuals from different cohorts compete with each other. This suggests that life-cycle features in the juvenile stage and during the transition to the adult stage are important determinants of the dynamics of density limited populations. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Processing approach towards the formation of thin-film Cu(In,Ga)Se2

DOEpatents

Beck, Markus E.; Noufi, Rommel

2003-01-01

A two-stage method of producing thin-films of group IB-IIIA-VIA on a substrate for semiconductor device applications includes a first stage of depositing an amorphous group IB-IIIA-VIA precursor onto an unheated substrate, wherein the precursor contains all of the group IB and group IIIA constituents of the semiconductor thin-film to be produced in the stoichiometric amounts desired for the final product, and a second stage which involves subjecting the precursor to a short thermal treatment at 420.degree. C.-550.degree. C. in a vacuum or under an inert atmosphere to produce a single-phase, group IB-III-VIA film. Preferably the precursor also comprises the group VIA element in the stoichiometric amount desired for the final semiconductor thin-film. The group IB-IIIA-VIA semiconductor films may be, for example, Cu(In,Ga)(Se,S).sub.2 mixed-metal chalcogenides. The resultant supported group IB-IIIA-VIA semiconductor film is suitable for use in photovoltaic applications.

Distal Predominance of Electrodiagnostic Abnormalities in Early Stage Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis.

PubMed

Shayya, Luay; Babu, Suma; Pioro, Erik P; Li, Jianbo; Li, Yuebing

2018-05-09

We compare the electrodiagnostic (EDX) yield of limb muscles in revealing lower motor neuron (LMN) dysfunction by electromyography (EMG) in early stage amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Single-site retrospective review Results: This study includes 122 consecutive patients with possible ALS as defined by revised El Escorial Criteria. Distal limb muscles show more frequent EMG abnormalities than proximal muscles. EDX yield is higher in the limb where weakness begins and when clinical signs of LMN dysfunction are evident. Adoption of Awaji criteria increases the yield of EMG positive segments significantly in the cervical (p<0.0005) and lumbosacral regions (P<0.0001), and upgrades 19 patients into probable and 1 patient into definite categories. Electromyographic abnormalities are distal limb-predominant in early stage ALS. A redefinition of an EDX-positive cervical or lumbosacral segment, with an emphasis on distal limb muscles, may result in an earlier ALS diagnosis. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Single-Staged Improved Tubularized Preputial/Penile Skin Flap Urethroplasty for Obliterated Anterior Urethral Stricture: Long-Term Results.

PubMed

Xue, Jing-Dong; Xie, Hong; Fu, Qiang; Feng, Chao; Guo, Hui; Xu, Yue-Min

2016-01-01

To present an improved tubularized flap (ITF) technique and report the outcome of single-stage urethroplasty using preputial/penile skin flaps (PSFs) for the treatment of obliterative anterior urethral strictures (AUSs). From January 2000 to June 2012, 42 cases of obliterative AUS (3-14 cm, mean 6.38 cm) with urethral plate unsalvageable were treated using PSF-ITF urethroplasty including longitudinal skin flap, circular island flap, L-flap, Q-flap. Patients were divided into 3 groups: pendulous urethral stricture (Group A), bulbar urethral stricture (Group B) and panurethral strictures (Group C). Patients were followed up by uroflowmetry, urethrography and ureteroscope when necessary. The mean follow-up in these patients was 65 months (range 36 months-15 years). The primary success rates at 3-year follow-up were 75, 75 and 60% for Groups A, B and C, respectively. The overall success rates were 85, 83 and 70% with the remedial measure of a single visual internal urethrotomy at 3-year follow-up. A total 60% of the patients in the study completed more than 5 years of follow-up with no additional recurrence. Improved tubularized preputial/PSF urethroplasty with relatively high overall satisfaction is a novel technique for treatment of AUS when there is inadequate urethral plate or obliterative defects. © 2016 S. Karger AG, Basel.

Single-cell genomics of multiple uncultured stramenopiles reveals underestimated functional diversity across oceans.

PubMed

Seeleuthner, Yoann; Mondy, Samuel; Lombard, Vincent; Carradec, Quentin; Pelletier, Eric; Wessner, Marc; Leconte, Jade; Mangot, Jean-François; Poulain, Julie; Labadie, Karine; Logares, Ramiro; Sunagawa, Shinichi; de Berardinis, Véronique; Salanoubat, Marcel; Dimier, Céline; Kandels-Lewis, Stefanie; Picheral, Marc; Searson, Sarah; Pesant, Stephane; Poulton, Nicole; Stepanauskas, Ramunas; Bork, Peer; Bowler, Chris; Hingamp, Pascal; Sullivan, Matthew B; Iudicone, Daniele; Massana, Ramon; Aury, Jean-Marc; Henrissat, Bernard; Karsenti, Eric; Jaillon, Olivier; Sieracki, Mike; de Vargas, Colomban; Wincker, Patrick

2018-01-22

Single-celled eukaryotes (protists) are critical players in global biogeochemical cycling of nutrients and energy in the oceans. While their roles as primary producers and grazers are well appreciated, other aspects of their life histories remain obscure due to challenges in culturing and sequencing their natural diversity. Here, we exploit single-cell genomics and metagenomics data from the circumglobal Tara Oceans expedition to analyze the genome content and apparent oceanic distribution of seven prevalent lineages of uncultured heterotrophic stramenopiles. Based on the available data, each sequenced genome or genotype appears to have a specific oceanic distribution, principally correlated with water temperature and depth. The genome content provides hypotheses for specialization in terms of cell motility, food spectra, and trophic stages, including the potential impact on their lifestyles of horizontal gene transfer from prokaryotes. Our results support the idea that prominent heterotrophic marine protists perform diverse functions in ocean ecology.

Space processing of crystals for opto-electronic devices: The case for solution growth

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hayden, S. C.; Cross, L. E.

1975-01-01

The results obtained during a six month program aimed at determining the viability of space processing in the 1980's of dielectric-elastic-magnetic single crystals were described. The results of this program included: identification of some important emerging technologies dependent on dielectric-elastic-magnetic crystals, identification of the impact of intrinsic properties and defects in the single crystals on system performance, determination of a sensible common basis for the many crystals of this class, and identification of the benefits of micro-gravity and some initial experimental evidence that these benefits can be realized in space. It is concluded that advanced computers and optical communications are at a development stage for high demand of dielectric-elastic-magnetic single crystals in the mid-1980's. Their high unit cost and promise for significantly increased perfection by growth in space justified pursuit of space processing.

Review of health information technology usability study methodologies

PubMed Central

Bakken, Suzanne

2011-01-01

Usability factors are a major obstacle to health information technology (IT) adoption. The purpose of this paper is to review and categorize health IT usability study methods and to provide practical guidance on health IT usability evaluation. 2025 references were initially retrieved from the Medline database from 2003 to 2009 that evaluated health IT used by clinicians. Titles and abstracts were first reviewed for inclusion. Full-text articles were then examined to identify final eligibility studies. 629 studies were categorized into the five stages of an integrated usability specification and evaluation framework that was based on a usability model and the system development life cycle (SDLC)-associated stages of evaluation. Theoretical and methodological aspects of 319 studies were extracted in greater detail and studies that focused on system validation (SDLC stage 2) were not assessed further. The number of studies by stage was: stage 1, task-based or user–task interaction, n=42; stage 2, system–task interaction, n=310; stage 3, user–task–system interaction, n=69; stage 4, user–task–system–environment interaction, n=54; and stage 5, user–task–system–environment interaction in routine use, n=199. The studies applied a variety of quantitative and qualitative approaches. Methodological issues included lack of theoretical framework/model, lack of details regarding qualitative study approaches, single evaluation focus, environmental factors not evaluated in the early stages, and guideline adherence as the primary outcome for decision support system evaluations. Based on the findings, a three-level stratified view of health IT usability evaluation is proposed and methodological guidance is offered based upon the type of interaction that is of primary interest in the evaluation. PMID:21828224

Distinct transcriptional MYCN/c-MYC activities are associated with spontaneous regression or malignant progression in neuroblastomas

PubMed Central

Westermann, Frank; Muth, Daniel; Benner, Axel; Bauer, Tobias; Henrich, Kai-Oliver; Oberthuer, André; Brors, Benedikt; Beissbarth, Tim; Vandesompele, Jo; Pattyn, Filip; Hero, Barbara; König, Rainer; Fischer, Matthias; Schwab, Manfred

2008-01-01

Background Amplified MYCN oncogene resulting in deregulated MYCN transcriptional activity is observed in 20% of neuroblastomas and identifies a highly aggressive subtype. In MYCN single-copy neuroblastomas, elevated MYCN mRNA and protein levels are paradoxically associated with a more favorable clinical phenotype, including disseminated tumors that subsequently regress spontaneously (stage 4s-non-amplified). In this study, we asked whether distinct transcriptional MYCN or c-MYC activities are associated with specific neuroblastoma phenotypes. Results We defined a core set of direct MYCN/c-MYC target genes by applying gene expression profiling and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP, ChIP-chip) in neuroblastoma cells that allow conditional regulation of MYCN and c-MYC. Their transcript levels were analyzed in 251 primary neuroblastomas. Compared to localized-non-amplified neuroblastomas, MYCN/c-MYC target gene expression gradually increases from stage 4s-non-amplified through stage 4-non-amplified to MYCN amplified tumors. This was associated with MYCN activation in stage 4s-non-amplified and predominantly c-MYC activation in stage 4-non-amplified tumors. A defined set of MYCN/c-MYC target genes was induced in stage 4-non-amplified but not in stage 4s-non-amplified neuroblastomas. In line with this, high expression of a subset of MYCN/c-MYC target genes identifies a patient subtype with poor overall survival independent of the established risk markers amplified MYCN, disease stage, and age at diagnosis. Conclusions High MYCN/c-MYC target gene expression is a hallmark of malignant neuroblastoma progression, which is predominantly driven by c-MYC in stage 4-non-amplified tumors. In contrast, moderate MYCN function gain in stage 4s-non-amplified tumors induces only a restricted set of target genes that is still compatible with spontaneous regression. PMID:18851746

The Prevalence of Stages of Heart Failure in Primary Care: A Population-Based Study.

PubMed

Jorge, Antonio Lagoeiro; Rosa, Maria Luiza G; Martins, Wolney A; Correia, Dayse Mary S; Fernandes, Luiz Claudio M; Costa, Jean A; Moscavitch, Samuel D; Jorge, Bruno Afonso L; Mesquita, Evandro T

2016-02-01

Planning strategies to prevent heart failure (HF) in developing countries require epidemiologic data in primary care. The purpose of this study was to estimate the prevalence of HF stages and their phenotypes, HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFPEF), and HF with reduced EF (HFREF) and to determine B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) levels to identify HF in the adult population. This is a cross-sectional study including 633 individuals, aged ≥45 years, who were randomly selected and registered in a primary care program of a medium-sized city in Brazil. All participants were underwent clinical evaluations, BNP measurements, electrocardiograms, and tissue Doppler echocardiography in a single day. The participants were classified as stage 0 (healthy, 11.7%), stage A (risk factors, 36.6%), stage B (structural abnormalities, 42.7%), or stage C (symptomatic HF, 9.3%). Among patients with HF, 59% presented with HFPEF and 41% presented with HFREF. The mean BNP levels were 20 pg/mL(-1) in stage 0, 20 pg/mL(-1) in stage A, 24 pg/mL(-1) in stage B, 93 pg/mL(-1) in HFPEF, and 266 pg/mL(-1) in HFREF. The cutoff BNP level with optimal sensitivity (92%) and specificity (91%) to identify HF was 42 pg/mL(-1). The present study demonstrated a high prevalence of individuals at risk for HF and the predominance of HFPEF in a primary care setting. The clinical examination, along with BNP and tissue Doppler echocardiography, may facilitate early detection of stages A and B HF and allow implementation of interventions aimed at preventing progression to symptomatic HF. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Staged direct injection diesel engine

DOEpatents

Baker, Quentin A.

1985-01-01

A diesel engine having staged injection for using lower cetane number fuels than No. 2 diesel fuel. The engine includes a main fuel injector and a pilot fuel injector. Pilot and main fuel may be the same fuel. The pilot injector injects from five to fifteen percent of the total fuel at timings from 20.degree. to 180.degree. BTDC depending upon the quantity of pilot fuel injected, the fuel cetane number and speed and load. The pilot fuel injector is directed toward the centerline of the diesel cylinder and at an angle toward the top of the piston, avoiding the walls of the cylinder. Stratification of the early injected pilot fuel is needed to reduce the fuel-air mixing rate, prevent loss of pilot fuel to quench zones, and keep the fuel-air mixture from becoming too fuel lean to become effective. In one embodiment, the pilot fuel injector includes a single hole for injection of the fuel and is directed at approximately 48.degree. below the head of the cylinder.

Method for fabricating carbon/lithium-ion electrode for rechargeable lithium cell

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Attia, Alan I. (Inventor); Halpert, Gerald (Inventor); Huang, Chen-Kuo (Inventor); Surampudi, Subbarao (Inventor)

1995-01-01

The method includes steps for forming a carbon electrode composed of graphitic carbon particles adhered by an ethylene propylene diene monomer binder. An effective binder composition is disclosed for achieving a carbon electrode capable of subsequent intercalation by lithium ions. The method also includes steps for reacting the carbon electrode with lithium ions to incorporate lithium ions into graphitic carbon particles of the electrode. An electrical current is repeatedly applied to the carbon electrode to initially cause a surface reaction between the lithium ions and to the carbon and subsequently cause intercalation of the lithium ions into crystalline layers of the graphitic carbon particles. With repeated application of the electrical current, intercalation is achieved to near a theoretical maximum. Two differing multi-stage intercalation processes are disclosed. In the first, a fixed current is reapplied. In the second, a high current is initially applied, followed by a single subsequent lower current stage. Resulting carbon/lithium-ion electrodes are well suited for use as an anode in a reversible, ambient temperature, lithium cell.

Multi-stage FE simulation of hot ring rolling

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wang, C.; Geijselaers, H. J. M.; van den Boogaard, A. H.

2013-05-01

As a unique and important member of the metal forming family, ring rolling provides a cost effective process route to manufacture seamless rings. Applications of ring rolling cover a wide range of products in aerospace, automotive and civil engineering industries [1]. Above the recrystallization temperature of the material, hot ring rolling begins with the upsetting of the billet cut from raw stock. Next a punch pierces the hot upset billet to form a hole through the billet. This billet, referred to as preform, is then rolled by the ring rolling mill. For an accurate simulation of hot ring rolling, it is crucial to include the deformations, stresses and strains from the upsetting and piercing process as initial conditions for the rolling stage. In this work, multi-stage FE simulations of hot ring rolling process were performed by mapping the local deformation state of the workpiece from one step to the next one. The simulations of upsetting and piercing stages were carried out by 2D axisymmetric models using adaptive remeshing and element erosion. The workpiece for the ring rolling stage was subsequently obtained after performing a 2D to 3D mapping. The commercial FE package LS-DYNA was used for the study and user defined subroutines were implemented to complete the control algorithm. The simulation results were analyzed and also compared with those from the single-stage FE model of hot ring rolling.

Long-term effects of pesticide exposure at various life stages of the southern leopard frog (Rana sphenocephala)

USGS Publications Warehouse

Bridges, C.M.

2000-01-01

Amphibian larvae are commonly exposed to low levels of pesticides during their development. Chronic studies generally examine the effects of long-term exposure, but they often disregard the importance of the individual life stage at which tadpoles are exposed. I determined the point during development at which carbaryl effects are manifested by exposing southern leopard frog tadpoles (Rana sphenocephala) to the pesticide carbaryl at five different times during development. Metamorphs exposed throughout the tadpole stage and throughout development (egg, embryo, tadpole) experienced significant mortality at all chemical levels. Although the length of the larval period was the same for all experimental groups, metamorphs exposed during the egg stage were smaller than their corresponding controls, independent of whether they were exposed at any other stage. Nearly 18% of individuals exposed to carbaryl during development exhibited some type of developmental deformity (including both visceral and limb malformities), compared to a single deformed (< 1%) control tadpole, demonstrating that a chemical hypothesis for amphibian deformities remains viable. Because exposure to nonpersistent chemicals may last for only a short period of time, it is important to examine the long-term effects that short-term exposure has on larval amphibians and the existence of any sensitive life stage. Any delay in metamorphosis or decrease in size at metamorphosis can impact demographic processes of the population, potentially leading to declines or local extinction.

Malaria vaccines and human immune responses.

PubMed

Long, Carole A; Zavala, Fidel

2016-08-01

Despite reductions in malaria episodes and deaths over the past decade, there is still significant need for more effective tools to combat this serious global disease. The positive results with the Phase III trial of RTS,S directed to the circumsporozoite protein of Plasmodium falciparum have established that a vaccine against malaria can provide partial protection to children in endemic areas, but its limited efficacy and relatively short window of protection mandate that new generations of more efficacious vaccines must be sought. Evidence shows that anti-parasite immune responses can control infection against other stages as well, but translating these experimental findings into vaccines for blood stages has been disappointing and clinical efforts to test a transmission blocking vaccine are just beginning. Difficulties include the biological complexity of the organism with a large array of stage-specific genes many of which in the erythrocytic stages are antigenically diverse. In addition, it appears necessary to elicit high and long-lasting antibody titers, address the redundant pathways of merozoite invasion, and still seek surrogate markers of protective immunity. Most vaccine studies have focused on a single or a few antigens with an apparent functional role, but this is likely to be too restrictive, and broad, multi-antigen, multi-stage vaccines need further investigation. Finally, novel tools and biological insights involving parasite sexual stages and the mosquito vector will provide new avenues for reducing or blocking malaria transmission. Published by Elsevier Ltd.

Is knowledge translation adequate? A quality assurance study of staging investigations in early stage breast cancer patients.

PubMed

Han, Dolly; Hogeveen, Sophie; Sweet Goldstein, Miriam; George, Ralph; Brezden-Masley, Christine; Hoch, Jeffrey; Haq, Rashida; Simmons, Christine E

2012-02-01

After primary surgery, patients diagnosed with early stage breast cancer undergo radiological investigations based on pathologic stage of disease to rule out distant metastases. Published guidelines can aid clinicians in determining which tests are appropriate based on stage of disease. We wished to assess the consistency of radiological staging in an academic community oncology setting with standard guidelines and to determine the overall impact of non-adherence to these guidelines. A retrospective cohort study was conducted for new breast cancer patients seen at a single institution between January 2009 and April 2010. Patients were included if initial diagnosis and primary surgery was at this institution. Pathologic stage and radiological tests completed were recorded. A literature review was performed and the results were compared with those from this study to determine overall adherence rates. Subsequently, a cost analysis was performed to determine the financial impact at this centre. 231 patients met eligibility criteria for inclusion in this study. A large proportion of patients were over-staged with 129 patients (55%) undergoing unnecessary investigations according to guidelines. Specifically, 59% of stage I patients and 58% of stage II patients were over-investigated. Distant metastases at the time of diagnosis were found in three patients, all of whom had stage III disease (1.3%). The literature reviewed revealed similar non-adherence rates in other centres. The estimated cost of such non-adherence is in the range of $78 (CDN) per new early stage breast cancer patient seen at this centre. This oncology centre has a low adherence to practice guidelines for staging investigations in breast cancer patients, with 55% of patients undergoing unnecessary tests. Very few patients had metastases at diagnosis, and all had pathological stage III disease. Efforts may need to focus on improving knowledge translation across clinical oncology settings to increase guideline adherence.

Numerical investigation of shock induced bubble collapse in water

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Apazidis, N.

2016-04-01

A semi-conservative, stable, interphase-capturing numerical scheme for shock propagation in heterogeneous systems is applied to the problem of shock propagation in liquid-gas systems. The scheme is based on the volume-fraction formulation of the equations of motion for liquid and gas phases with separate equations of state. The semi-conservative formulation of the governing equations ensures the absence of spurious pressure oscillations at the material interphases between liquid and gas. Interaction of a planar shock in water with a single spherical bubble as well as twin adjacent bubbles is investigated. Several stages of the interaction process are considered, including focusing of the transmitted shock within the deformed bubble, creation of a water-hammer shock as well as generation of high-speed liquid jet in the later stages of the process.

Parameter Estimation of Computationally Expensive Watershed Models Through Efficient Multi-objective Optimization and Interactive Decision Analytics

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Akhtar, Taimoor; Shoemaker, Christine

2016-04-01

Watershed model calibration is inherently a multi-criteria problem. Conflicting trade-offs exist between different quantifiable calibration criterions indicating the non-existence of a single optimal parameterization. Hence, many experts prefer a manual approach to calibration where the inherent multi-objective nature of the calibration problem is addressed through an interactive, subjective, time-intensive and complex decision making process. Multi-objective optimization can be used to efficiently identify multiple plausible calibration alternatives and assist calibration experts during the parameter estimation process. However, there are key challenges to the use of multi objective optimization in the parameter estimation process which include: 1) multi-objective optimization usually requires many model simulations, which is difficult for complex simulation models that are computationally expensive; and 2) selection of one from numerous calibration alternatives provided by multi-objective optimization is non-trivial. This study proposes a "Hybrid Automatic Manual Strategy" (HAMS) for watershed model calibration to specifically address the above-mentioned challenges. HAMS employs a 3-stage framework for parameter estimation. Stage 1 incorporates the use of an efficient surrogate multi-objective algorithm, GOMORS, for identification of numerous calibration alternatives within a limited simulation evaluation budget. The novelty of HAMS is embedded in Stages 2 and 3 where an interactive visual and metric based analytics framework is available as a decision support tool to choose a single calibration from the numerous alternatives identified in Stage 1. Stage 2 of HAMS provides a goodness-of-fit measure / metric based interactive framework for identification of a small subset (typically less than 10) of meaningful and diverse set of calibration alternatives from the numerous alternatives obtained in Stage 1. Stage 3 incorporates the use of an interactive visual analytics framework for decision support in selection of one parameter combination from the alternatives identified in Stage 2. HAMS is applied for calibration of flow parameters of a SWAT model, (Soil and Water Assessment Tool) designed to simulate flow in the Cannonsville watershed in upstate New York. Results from the application of HAMS to Cannonsville indicate that efficient multi-objective optimization and interactive visual and metric based analytics can bridge the gap between the effective use of both automatic and manual strategies for parameter estimation of computationally expensive watershed models.

Quantum-engineered interband cascade photovoltaic devices

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Razeghi, Manijeh; Tournié, Eric; Brown, Gail J.

2013-12-18

Quantum-engineered multiple stage photovoltaic (PV) devices are explored based on InAs/GaSb/AlSb interband cascade (IC) structures. These ICPV devices employ multiple discrete absorbers that are connected in series by widebandgap unipolar barriers using type-II heterostructure interfaces for facilitating carrier transport between cascade stages similar to IC lasers. The discrete architecture is beneficial for improving the collection efficiency and for spectral splitting by utilizing absorbers with different bandgaps. As such, the photo-voltages from each individual cascade stage in an ICPV device add together, creating a high overall open-circuit voltage, similar to conventional multi-junction tandem solar cells. Furthermore, photo-generated carriers can be collectedmore » with nearly 100% efficiency in each stage. This is because the carriers travel over only a single cascade stage, designed to be shorter than a typical diffusion length. The approach is of significant importance for operation at high temperatures where the diffusion length is reduced. Here, we will present our recent progress in the study of ICPV devices, which includes the demonstration of ICPV devices at room temperature and above with narrow bandgaps (e.g. 0.23 eV) and high open-circuit voltages. © (2013) COPYRIGHT Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE). Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.« less

The positive impact of radiologic imaging on high-stage cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma management.

PubMed

Ruiz, Emily Stamell; Karia, Pritesh S; Morgan, Frederick C; Schmults, Chrysalyne D

2017-02-01

There is limited evidence on the utility of radiologic imaging for prognostic staging of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC). Review utilization of radiologic imaging of high-stage CSCCs to evaluate whether imaging impacted management and outcomes. Tumors classified as Brigham and Women's Hospital (BWH) tumor (T) stage T2B or T3 over a 13-year period were reviewed to identify whether imaging was performed and whether results affected treatment. Disease-related outcomes (DRO: local recurrence, nodal metastasis, death from disease) were compared between patients by type of imaging used. 108 high-stage CSCCs in 98 patients were included. Imaging (mostly computed tomography, 79%) was utilized in 45 (46%) patients and management was altered in 16 (33%) patients who underwent imaging. Patients that received no imaging were at higher risk of developing nodal metastases (nonimaging, 30%; imaging, 13%; P = .041) and any DRO (nonimaging, 42%; imaging, 20%; P = .028) compared to the imaging group. Imaging was associated with a lower risk for DRO (subhazard ratio, 0.5; 95% CI 0.2-0.9; P = .046) adjusted for BWH T stage, sex, and location. Single institution retrospective design and changes in technology overtime. Radiologic imaging of high-stage CSCC may influence management and appears to positively impact outcomes. Further prospective studies are needed to establish which patients benefit from imaging. Copyright © 2016 American Academy of Dermatology, Inc. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Two-Stage Centrifugal Fan

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Converse, David

2011-01-01

Fan designs are often constrained by envelope, rotational speed, weight, and power. Aerodynamic performance and motor electrical performance are heavily influenced by rotational speed. The fan used in this work is at a practical limit for rotational speed due to motor performance characteristics, and there is no more space available in the packaging for a larger fan. The pressure rise requirements keep growing. The way to ordinarily accommodate a higher DP is to spin faster or grow the fan rotor diameter. The invention is to put two radially oriented stages on a single disk. Flow enters the first stage from the center; energy is imparted to the flow in the first stage blades, the flow is redirected some amount opposite to the direction of rotation in the fixed stators, and more energy is imparted to the flow in the second- stage blades. Without increasing either rotational speed or disk diameter, it is believed that as much as 50 percent more DP can be achieved with this design than with an ordinary, single-stage centrifugal design. This invention is useful primarily for fans having relatively low flow rates with relatively high pressure rise requirements.

Neural differentiation of caudal cell mass (secondary neurulation) in chick embryos: Hamburger and Hamilton Stages 16-45.

PubMed

Yang, Hee-Jin; Wang, Kyu-Chang; Chi, Je G; Lee, Myung-Sook; Lee, Yun-Jin; Kim, Seung-Ki; Cho, Byung-Kyu

2003-04-14

In an attempt to understand the events in the secondary neurulation in embryonic stage, we investigated morphological changes in the tail bud of normal developing chick embryos. Hamburger and Hamilton stage 16-45 embryos were harvested and processed for light microscopic studies. The secondary neural tube is formed by aggregation of the caudal cell mass. Cells are arranged into a cord-like mass (medullary cord), which is continuous with the primary neural tube. Multiple small cavities develop in the medullary cord, and these cavities coalesce into one single lumen. The process of coalescence is completed by stage 35, and the whole neural tube is transformed into one tube with a single continuous lumen. At this stage, the terminal portion of the neural tube is bulged dorsally. Thereafter, the caudal portion of the neural tube regresses, and the proximal portion develops into normal spinal cord. Transient occlusion of the central canal was observed at stage 40 in one sample. The sequence of events elucidated in this study can be used as base-line data for experiments concerning congenital malformations involving secondary neurulation.

Paramagnetic capture mode magnetophoretic microseparator for high efficiency blood cell separations.

PubMed

Han, Ki-Ho; Frazier, A Bruno

2006-02-01

This paper presents the characterization of continuous single-stage and three-stage cascade paramagnetic capture (PMC) mode magnetophoretic microseparators for high efficiency separation of red and white blood cells from diluted whole blood based on their native magnetic properties. The separation mechanism for both PMC microseparators is based on a high gradient magnetic separation (HGMS) method. This approach enables separation of blood cells without the use of additives such as magnetic beads. Experimental results for the single-stage PMC microseparator show that 91.1% of red blood cells were continuously separated from the sample at a volumetric flow rate of 5 microl h-1. In addition, the three-stage cascade PMC microseparator continuously separated 93.5% of red blood cells and 97.4% of white blood cells from whole blood at a volumetric flow rate of 5 microl h-1.

Mathematical modeling of a continuous alcoholic fermentation process in a two-stage tower reactor cascade with flocculating yeast recycle.

PubMed

de Oliveira, Samuel Conceição; de Castro, Heizir Ferreira; Visconti, Alexandre Eliseu Stourdze; Giudici, Reinaldo

2015-03-01

Experiments of continuous alcoholic fermentation of sugarcane juice with flocculating yeast recycle were conducted in a system of two 0.22-L tower bioreactors in series, operated at a range of dilution rates (D 1 = D 2 = 0.27-0.95 h(-1)), constant recycle ratio (α = F R /F = 4.0) and a sugar concentration in the feed stream (S 0) around 150 g/L. The data obtained in these experimental conditions were used to adjust the parameters of a mathematical model previously developed for the single-stage process. This model considers each of the tower bioreactors as a perfectly mixed continuous reactor and the kinetics of cell growth and product formation takes into account the limitation by substrate and the inhibition by ethanol and biomass, as well as the substrate consumption for cellular maintenance. The model predictions agreed satisfactorily with the measurements taken in both stages of the cascade. The major differences with respect to the kinetic parameters previously estimated for a single-stage system were observed for the maximum specific growth rate, for the inhibition constants of cell growth and for the specific rate of substrate consumption for cell maintenance. Mathematical models were validated and used to simulate alternative operating conditions as well as to analyze the performance of the two-stage process against that of the single-stage process.

Inter-stage thermophilic aerobic digestion may increase organic matter removal from wastewater sludge without decreasing biogas production.

PubMed

Hafner, Sasha D; Madsen, Johan T; Pedersen, Johanna M; Rennuit, Charlotte

2018-02-01

Combining aerobic and anaerobic digestion in a two-stage system can improve the degradation of wastewater sludge over the use of either technology alone. But use of aerobic digestion as a pre-treatment before anaerobic digestion generally reduces methane production due to loss of substrate through oxidation. An inter-stage configuration may avoid this reduction in methane production. Here, we evaluated the use of thermophilic aerobic digestion (TAD) as an inter-stage treatment for wastewater sludge using laboratory-scale semi-continuous reactors. A single anaerobic digester was compared to an inter-stage system, where a thermophilic aerobic digester (55 °C) was used between two mesophilic anaerobic digesters (37 °C). Both systems had retention times of approximately 30 days, and the comparison was based on measurements made over 97 days. Results showed that the inter-stage system provided better sludge destruction (52% volatile solids (VS) removal vs. 40% for the single-stage system, 44% chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal vs. 34%) without a decrease in total biogas production (methane yield per g VS added was 0.22-0.24 L g -1 for both systems).

Single-stage laparoscopic common bile duct exploration and cholecystectomy versus two-stage endoscopic stone extraction followed by laparoscopic cholecystectomy for patients with gallbladder stones with common bile duct stones: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials with trial sequential analysis.

PubMed

Singh, Anand Narayan; Kilambi, Ragini

2018-03-30

The ideal management of common bile duct (CBD) stones associated with gall stones is a matter of debate. We planned a meta-analysis of randomized trials comparing single-stage laparoscopic CBD exploration and cholecystectomy (LCBDE) with two-stage preoperative endoscopic stone extraction followed by cholecystectomy (ERCP + LC). We searched the Pubmed/Medline, Web of science, Science citation index, Google scholar and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled trials electronic databases till June 2017 for all English language randomized trials comparing the two approaches. Statistical analysis was performed using Review Manager (RevMan) [Computer program], Version 5.3. Copenhagen: The Nordic Cochrane Centre, The Cochrane Collaboration, 2014 and results were expressed as odds ratio for dichotomous variables and mean difference for continuous. p value ≤ 0.05 was considered significant. Trial sequential analysis (TSA) was performed using TSA version 0.9.5.5 (Copenhagen: The Copenhagen Trial Unit, Centre for Clinical Intervention Research, 2016). PROSPERO trial registration number is CRD42017074673. A total of 11 trials were included in the analysis, with a total of 1513 patients (751-LCBDE; 762-ERCP + LC). LCBDE was found to have significantly lower rates of technical failure [OR 0.59, 95% CI (0.38, 0.93), p = 0.02] and shorter hospital stay [MD - 1.63, 95% CI (- 3.23, - 0.03), p = 0.05]. There was no significant difference in mortality [OR 0.37, 95% CI (0.09, 1.51), p = 0.17], morbidity [OR 0.97, 95% CI (0.70, 1.33), p = 0.84], cost [MD - 379.13, 95% CI (- 784.80, 111.2), p = 0.13] or recurrent/retained stones [OR 1.01, 95% CI (0.38, 2.73), p = 0.98]. TSA showed that although the Z-curve crossed the boundaries of conventional significance, the estimated information size is yet to be achieved. Single-stage LCBDE is superior to ERCP + LC in terms of technical success and shorter hospital stay in good-risk patients with gallstones and CBD stones, where expertise, operative time and instruments are available.

Multistage Core Formation in Planetesimals Revealed by Numerical Modeling and Hf-W Chronometry of Iron Meteorites

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Neumann, W.; Kruijer, T. S.; Breuer, D.

Iron meteorites provide some of the most direct insights into the processes and timescales of core formation in planetesimals. Of these, group IVB irons stand out by having one of the youngest 182Hf- 182W model ages for metal segregation (2.9 ± 0.6 Ma after solar system formation), as well as the lowest bulk sulfur content and hence highest liquidus temperature. Here in this paper, using a new model for the internal evolution of the IVB parent body, we show that a single stage of metal-silicate separation cannot account for the complete melting of pure Fe metal at the relatively latemore » time given by the Hf-W model age. Instead, a complex metal-silicate separation scenario is required that includes migration of partial silicate melts, formation of a shallow magma ocean, and core formation in two distinct stages of metal segregation. In the first stage, a protocore formed at ≈1.5 Ma via settling of metal particles in a mantle magma ocean, followed by metal segregation from a shallow magma ocean at ≈5.4 Ma. As these stages of metal segregation occurred at different times, the two metal fractions had different 182W compositions. Consequently, the final 182W composition of the IVB core does not correspond to a single differentiation event, but represents the average composition of early- and late-segregated core fractions. Our best fit model indicates an ≈100 km radius for the IVB parent body and provides an accretion age of ≈0.1–0.5 Ma after solar system formation. The computed solidification time is, furthermore, consistent with the Re-Os age for crystallization of the IVB core.« less

Multistage Core Formation in Planetesimals Revealed by Numerical Modeling and Hf-W Chronometry of Iron Meteorites

DOE PAGES

Neumann, W.; Kruijer, T. S.; Breuer, D.; ...

2018-02-01

Iron meteorites provide some of the most direct insights into the processes and timescales of core formation in planetesimals. Of these, group IVB irons stand out by having one of the youngest 182Hf- 182W model ages for metal segregation (2.9 ± 0.6 Ma after solar system formation), as well as the lowest bulk sulfur content and hence highest liquidus temperature. Here in this paper, using a new model for the internal evolution of the IVB parent body, we show that a single stage of metal-silicate separation cannot account for the complete melting of pure Fe metal at the relatively latemore » time given by the Hf-W model age. Instead, a complex metal-silicate separation scenario is required that includes migration of partial silicate melts, formation of a shallow magma ocean, and core formation in two distinct stages of metal segregation. In the first stage, a protocore formed at ≈1.5 Ma via settling of metal particles in a mantle magma ocean, followed by metal segregation from a shallow magma ocean at ≈5.4 Ma. As these stages of metal segregation occurred at different times, the two metal fractions had different 182W compositions. Consequently, the final 182W composition of the IVB core does not correspond to a single differentiation event, but represents the average composition of early- and late-segregated core fractions. Our best fit model indicates an ≈100 km radius for the IVB parent body and provides an accretion age of ≈0.1–0.5 Ma after solar system formation. The computed solidification time is, furthermore, consistent with the Re-Os age for crystallization of the IVB core.« less

Genome-wide association studies identified multiple genetic loci for body size at four growth stages in Chinese Holstein cattle.

PubMed

Zhang, Xu; Chu, Qin; Guo, Gang; Dong, Ganghui; Li, Xizhi; Zhang, Qin; Zhang, Shengli; Zhang, Zhiwu; Wang, Yachun

2017-01-01

The growth and maturity of cattle body size affect not only feed efficiency, but also productivity and longevity. Dissecting the genetic architecture of body size is critical for cattle breeding to improve both efficiency and productivity. The volume and weight of body size are indicated by several measurements. Among them, Heart Girth (HG) and Hip Height (HH) are the most important traits. They are widely used as predictors of body weight (BW). Few association studies have been conducted for HG and HH in cattle focusing on single growth stage. In this study, we extended the Genome-wide association studies to a full spectrum of four growth stages (6-, 12-, 18-, and 24-months after birth) in Chinese Holstein heifers. The whole genomic single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were obtained from the Illumina BovineSNP50 v2 BeadChip genotyped on 3,325 individuals. Estimated breeding values (EBVs) were derived for both HG and HH at the four different ages and analyzed separately for GWAS by using the Fixed and random model Circuitous Probability Unification (FarmCPU) method. In total, 27 SNPs were identified to be significantly associated with HG and HH at different growth stages. We found 66 candidate genes located nearby the associated SNPs, including nine genes that were known as highly related to development and skeletal and muscular growth. In addition, biological function analysis was performed by Ingenuity Pathway Analysis and an interaction network related to development was obtained, which contained 16 genes out of the 66 candidates. The set of putative genes provided valuable resources and can help elucidate the genomic architecture and mechanisms underlying growth traits in dairy cattle.

Multistage Core Formation in Planetesimals Revealed by Numerical Modeling and Hf-W Chronometry of Iron Meteorites

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Neumann, W.; Kruijer, T. S.; Breuer, D.; Kleine, T.

2018-02-01

Iron meteorites provide some of the most direct insights into the processes and timescales of core formation in planetesimals. Of these, group IVB irons stand out by having one of the youngest 182Hf-182W model ages for metal segregation (2.9 ± 0.6 Ma after solar system formation), as well as the lowest bulk sulfur content and hence highest liquidus temperature. Here, using a new model for the internal evolution of the IVB parent body, we show that a single stage of metal-silicate separation cannot account for the complete melting of pure Fe metal at the relatively late time given by the Hf-W model age. Instead, a complex metal-silicate separation scenario is required that includes migration of partial silicate melts, formation of a shallow magma ocean, and core formation in two distinct stages of metal segregation. In the first stage, a protocore formed at ≈1.5 Ma via settling of metal particles in a mantle magma ocean, followed by metal segregation from a shallow magma ocean at ≈5.4 Ma. As these stages of metal segregation occurred at different times, the two metal fractions had different 182W compositions. Consequently, the final 182W composition of the IVB core does not correspond to a single differentiation event, but represents the average composition of early- and late-segregated core fractions. Our best fit model indicates an ≈100 km radius for the IVB parent body and provides an accretion age of ≈0.1-0.5 Ma after solar system formation. The computed solidification time is, furthermore, consistent with the Re-Os age for crystallization of the IVB core.

Double-Vacuum-Bag Process for Making Resin-Matrix Composites

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Bradford, Larry J.

2007-01-01

A double-vacuum-bag process has been devised as a superior alternative to a single-vacuum-bag process used heretofore in making laminated fiber-reinforced resin-matrix composite-material structural components. This process is applicable to broad classes of high-performance matrix resins including polyimides and phenolics that emit volatile compounds (solvents and volatile by-products of resin-curing chemical reactions) during processing. The superiority of the double-vacuum-bag process lies in enhanced management of the volatile compounds. Proper management of volatiles is necessary for making composite-material components of high quality: if not removed and otherwise properly managed, volatiles can accumulate in interior pockets as resins cure, thereby forming undesired voids in the finished products. The curing cycle for manufacturing a composite laminate containing a reactive resin matrix usually consists of a two-step ramp-and-hold temperature profile and an associated single-step pressure profile as shown in Figure 1. The lower-temperature ramp-and-hold step is known in the art as the B stage. During the B stage, prepregs are heated and volatiles are generated. Because pressure is not applied at this stage, volatiles are free to escape. Pressure is applied during the higher-temperature ramp-and-hold step to consolidate the laminate and impart desired physical properties to the resin matrix. The residual volatile content and fluidity of the resin at the beginning of application of consolidation pressure are determined by the temperature and time parameters of the B stage. Once the consolidation pressure is applied, residual volatiles are locked in. In order to produce a void-free, high-quality laminate, it is necessary to design the curing cycle to obtain the required residual fluidity and the required temperature at the time of application of the consolidation pressure.

Weight Gain in Advanced Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer Patients During Treatment With Split-Course Concurrent Chemoradiotherapy Is Associated With Superior Survival

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Gielda, Benjamin T., E-mail: Benjamin_gielda@rush.edu; Mehta, Par; Khan, Atif

Background: Preoperative concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CRT) is an accepted treatment for potentially resectable, locally advanced, non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We reviewed a decade of single institution experience with preoperative split-course CRT followed by surgical resection to evaluate survival and identify factors that may be helpful in predicting outcome. Methods and Materials: All patients treated with preoperative split-course CRT and resection at Rush University Medical Center (RUMC) between January 1999 and December 2008 were retrospectively analyzed. Endpoints included overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), local-regional progression-free survival (LRPFS), and distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS). Patient and treatment related variables were assessed for correlationmore » with outcomes. Results: A total of 54 patients were analyzed, 76% Stage IIIA, 18% Stage IIIB, and 6% oligometastatic. The pathologic complete response (pCR) rate was 31.5%, and the absence of nodal metastases (pN0) was 64.8%. Median OS and 3-year actuarial survival were 44.6 months and 50%, respectively. Univariate analysis revealed initial stage (p < 0.01) and percent weight change during CRT (p < 0.01) significantly correlated with PFS/OS. On multivariate analysis initial stage (HR, 2.4; 95% CI, 1.18-4.90; p = 0.02) and percent weight change (HR, 0.79; 95% CI, 0.67-0.93; p < 0.01) maintained significance with respect to OS. There were no cases of Grade 3+ esophagitis, and there was a single case of Grade 3 febrile neutropenia. Conclusions: The strong correlation between weight change during CRT and OS/PFS suggests that this clinical parameter may be useful as a complementary source of predictive information in addition to accepted factors such as pathological response.« less

Microelectromechanical acceleration-sensing apparatus

DOEpatents

Lee, Robb M [Albuquerque, NM; Shul, Randy J [Albuquerque, NM; Polosky, Marc A [Albuquerque, NM; Hoke, Darren A [Albuquerque, NM; Vernon, George E [Rio Rancho, NM

2006-12-12

An acceleration-sensing apparatus is disclosed which includes a moveable shuttle (i.e. a suspended mass) and a latch for capturing and holding the shuttle when an acceleration event is sensed above a predetermined threshold level. The acceleration-sensing apparatus provides a switch closure upon sensing the acceleration event and remains latched in place thereafter. Examples of the acceleration-sensing apparatus are provided which are responsive to an acceleration component in a single direction (i.e. a single-sided device) or to two oppositely-directed acceleration components (i.e. a dual-sided device). A two-stage acceleration-sensing apparatus is also disclosed which can sense two acceleration events separated in time. The acceleration-sensing apparatus of the present invention has applications, for example, in an automotive airbag deployment system.

Flow boiling with enhancement devices for cold plate coolant channel design

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Boyd, Ronald D.; Turknett, Jerry C.; Smith, Alvin

1989-01-01

The effects of enhancement devices on flow boiling heat transfer in circular coolant channels, which are heated over a fraction of their perimeters, are studied. The variations were examined in both the mean and local (axial, and circumferential) heat transfer coefficients for a circular coolant channel with either smooth walls or with both a twisted tape and spiral finned walls. Improvements were initiated in the present data reduction analysis. These efforts should lead to the development of heat transfer correlations which include effects of single side heat flux and enhancement device configuration. It is hoped that a stage will be set for the study of heat transfer and pressure drop in single sided heated systems under zero gravity conditions.

Single shaft automotive gas turbine engine characterization test

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Johnson, R. A.

1979-01-01

An automotive gas turbine incorporating a single stage centrifugal compressor and a single stage radial inflow turbine is described. Among the engine's features is the use of wide range variable geometry at the inlet guide vanes, the compressor diffuser vanes, and the turbine inlet vanes to achieve improved part load fuel economy. The engine was tested to determine its performance in both the variable geometry and equivalent fixed geometry modes. Testing was conducted without the originally designed recuperator. Test results were compared with the predicted performance of the nonrecuperative engine based on existing component rig test maps. Agreement between test results and the computer model was achieved.

Role of temporal processing stages by inferior temporal neurons in facial recognition.

PubMed

Sugase-Miyamoto, Yasuko; Matsumoto, Narihisa; Kawano, Kenji

2011-01-01

In this review, we focus on the role of temporal stages of encoded facial information in the visual system, which might enable the efficient determination of species, identity, and expression. Facial recognition is an important function of our brain and is known to be processed in the ventral visual pathway, where visual signals are processed through areas V1, V2, V4, and the inferior temporal (IT) cortex. In the IT cortex, neurons show selective responses to complex visual images such as faces, and at each stage along the pathway the stimulus selectivity of the neural responses becomes sharper, particularly in the later portion of the responses. In the IT cortex of the monkey, facial information is represented by different temporal stages of neural responses, as shown in our previous study: the initial transient response of face-responsive neurons represents information about global categories, i.e., human vs. monkey vs. simple shapes, whilst the later portion of these responses represents information about detailed facial categories, i.e., expression and/or identity. This suggests that the temporal stages of the neuronal firing pattern play an important role in the coding of visual stimuli, including faces. This type of coding may be a plausible mechanism underlying the temporal dynamics of recognition, including the process of detection/categorization followed by the identification of objects. Recent single-unit studies in monkeys have also provided evidence consistent with the important role of the temporal stages of encoded facial information. For example, view-invariant facial identity information is represented in the response at a later period within a region of face-selective neurons. Consistent with these findings, temporally modulated neural activity has also been observed in human studies. These results suggest a close correlation between the temporal processing stages of facial information by IT neurons and the temporal dynamics of face recognition.

Role of Temporal Processing Stages by Inferior Temporal Neurons in Facial Recognition

PubMed Central

Sugase-Miyamoto, Yasuko; Matsumoto, Narihisa; Kawano, Kenji

2011-01-01

In this review, we focus on the role of temporal stages of encoded facial information in the visual system, which might enable the efficient determination of species, identity, and expression. Facial recognition is an important function of our brain and is known to be processed in the ventral visual pathway, where visual signals are processed through areas V1, V2, V4, and the inferior temporal (IT) cortex. In the IT cortex, neurons show selective responses to complex visual images such as faces, and at each stage along the pathway the stimulus selectivity of the neural responses becomes sharper, particularly in the later portion of the responses. In the IT cortex of the monkey, facial information is represented by different temporal stages of neural responses, as shown in our previous study: the initial transient response of face-responsive neurons represents information about global categories, i.e., human vs. monkey vs. simple shapes, whilst the later portion of these responses represents information about detailed facial categories, i.e., expression and/or identity. This suggests that the temporal stages of the neuronal firing pattern play an important role in the coding of visual stimuli, including faces. This type of coding may be a plausible mechanism underlying the temporal dynamics of recognition, including the process of detection/categorization followed by the identification of objects. Recent single-unit studies in monkeys have also provided evidence consistent with the important role of the temporal stages of encoded facial information. For example, view-invariant facial identity information is represented in the response at a later period within a region of face-selective neurons. Consistent with these findings, temporally modulated neural activity has also been observed in human studies. These results suggest a close correlation between the temporal processing stages of facial information by IT neurons and the temporal dynamics of face recognition. PMID:21734904

Preablation 131-I scans with SPECT/CT in postoperative thyroid cancer patients: what is the impact on staging?

PubMed

Avram, Anca M; Fig, Lorraine M; Frey, Kirk A; Gross, Milton D; Wong, Ka Kit

2013-03-01

The utility of preablation radioiodine scans for the management of differentiated thyroid cancer remains controversial. To determine the contribution of preablation Iodine 131 (131-I) planar with single-photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography (SPECT/CT; diagnostic [Dx] scans) to differentiated thyroid cancer staging. Prospective sequential series at university clinic. Using American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) tumor, node, metastasis (TNM) staging, seventh edition 320 patients post-total thyroidectomy were initially staged based on clinical and pathology data (pTN) and then restaged after imaging (TNM). The impact of Dx scans with SPECT/CT on N and M scores, and TNM stage, was assessed in younger, age <45 years, n = 138 (43%), and older, age ≥ 45 years, n = 182 (57%) patients, with subgroup analysis for T1a and T1b tumors. In younger patients Dx scans detected distant metastases in 5 of 138 patients (4%), and nodal metastases in 61 of 138 patients (44%), including unsuspected nodal metastases in 24 of 63 (38%) patients initially assigned pathologic (p) N0 or pNx. In older patients distant metastases were detected in 18 of 182 patients (10%), and nodal metastases in 51 of 182 patients (28%), including unsuspected nodal metastases in 26 of 108 (24%) patients initially assigned pN0 or pNx. Dx scans detected distant metastases in 2 of 49 (4%) T1a, and 3 of 67 (4.5%) T1b patients. Dx scans detected regional metastases in 35% of patients, and distant metastases in 8% of patients. Information acquired with Dx scans changed staging in 4% of younger, and 25% of older patients. Preablation scans with SPECT/CT contribute to staging of thyroid cancer. Identification of regional and distant metastases prior to radioiodine therapy has significant potential to alter patient management.

High Frequency Single-Stage Multi-Bypass Pulse Tube Cryocooler for 23.8K

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yang, Junling; Hou, Xiaofeng; Yang, Luwei; Zhou, Yuan; Zhang, Liang

2008-03-01

A below 30K single-stage high-frequency multi-bypass pulse tube cryocooler(PTC) is introduced in this paper. At present, the lowest temperature of 27.46K has been achieved with input power of 100W and 23.8K with input power of 200W. Experiments show that if the area of multi-bypass and the length of inertance tube matching well, a better performance of PTC will be obtained.

Performance Improvement of a Single Stage GM Cryocooler at 25 K

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wang, C.; Gifford, P. E.

2008-03-01

To meet the cooling demand of some HTS devices, Cryomech, Inc. has redesigned and improved a single stage GM cryocooler to have a maximum capacity at 25K. The losses in a rotary valve and a low temperature regenerator have been reduced. The improved GM cryocooler provides a cooling capacity of 109 W at 25 K with an input power of 10.4 kW while running with the 50Hz electrical source.

Fueling of magnetically confined plasmas by single- and two-stage repeating pneumatic pellet injectors

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gouge, M. J.; Combs, S. K.; Foust, C. R.; Milora, S. L.

Advanced plasma fueling systems for magnetic fusion confinement experiments are under development at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL). The general approach is that of producing and accelerating frozen hydrogenic pellets to speeds in the kilometer-per-second range using single shot and repetitive pneumatic (light-gas gun) pellet injectors. The millimeter-to-centimeter size pellets enter the plasma and continuously ablate because of the plasma electron heat flux, depositing fuel atoms along the pellet trajectory. This fueling method allows direct fueling in the interior of the hot plasma and is more efficient than the alternative method of injecting room temperature fuel gas at the wall of the plasma vacuum chamber. Single-stage pneumatic injectors based on the light-gas gun concept have provided hydrogenic fuel pellets in the speed range of 1 to 2 km/s in single-shot injector designs. Repetition rates up to 5 Hz have been demonstrated in repetitive injector designs. Future fusion reactor-scale devices may need higher pellet velocities because of the larger plasma size and higher plasma temperatures. Repetitive two-stage pneumatic injectors are under development at ORNL to provide long-pulse plasma fueling in the 3 to 5 km/s speed range. Recently, a repeating, two-stage light-gas gun achieved repetitive operation at 1 Hz with speeds in the range of 2 to 3 km/s.

Romantic Love Is Associated with Enhanced Inhibitory Control in an Emotional Stop-Signal Task

PubMed Central

Song, Sensen; Zou, Zhiling; Song, Hongwen; Wang, Yongming; d’Oleire Uquillas, Federico; Wang, Huijun; Chen, Hong

2016-01-01

Purpose: This study explored whether romantic lovers differ in emotion-related inhibitory control capacity from those who are single. Methods: 88 healthy undergraduate college students participated in the study. Half were currently in love and in a romantic relationship (love group, LG), and half were single and had never been in a romantic relationship (single group, SG). Based on duration of romantic relationship (i.e., love duration), the LG were further divided into two subgroups: “early stage love” and “longer periods of love”. All participants completed an emotional Stop Signal Task, consisting of a variety of human face stimuli displaying either sad or neutral affect. Results: Results found that relative to SG, lovers showed greater inhibitory control [shorter stop-signal reaction time (SSRT)] during negative emotion condition trials. Furthermore, in early stages of love, SSRT for negative emotion condition trials was significantly shorter compared to that in “longer periods of love” or SG individuals, with no significant differences between the two latter groups. Conclusion: Compared with individuals who were single, early stage lovers showed greater capacity for inhibiting action during presentation of negative emotional stimuli. Within a greater social context, greater inhibitory control capacity during early stages of love may be related to the successful formation of romantic relationships, particularly to the ability to persevere in goal-directed action despite negative emotional contexts such as that of sadness. PMID:27826260

Saturn Apollo Program

NASA Image and Video Library

1965-03-04

Pictured is a J-2 engine being processed at Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC). A single J-2 engine was utilized on the S-IVB stage, the second stage of the Saturn IB and the third stage of the Saturn V vehicles, while a cluster of five J-2 engines powered the second (S-II) stage of the Saturn V launch vehicle. The Saturn V was designed, developed, and tested by engineers at MSFC.

Raytheon's next generation compact inline cryocooler architecture

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Schaefer, B. R.; Bellis, L.; Ellis, M. J.

2014-01-29

Since the 1970s, Raytheon has developed, built, tested and integrated high performance cryocoolers. Our versatile designs for single and multi-stage cryocoolers provide reliable operation for temperatures from 10 to 200 Kelvin with power levels ranging from 50 W to nearly 600 W. These advanced cryocoolers incorporate clearance seals, flexure suspensions, hermetic housings and dynamic balancing to provide long service life and reliable operation in all relevant environments. Today, sensors face a multitude of cryocooler integration challenges such as exported disturbance, efficiency, scalability, maturity, and cost. As a result, cryocooler selection is application dependent, oftentimes requiring extensive trade studies to determinemore » the most suitable architecture. To optimally meet the needs of next generation passive IR sensors, the Compact Inline Raytheon Stirling 1-Stage (CI-RS1), Compact Inline Raytheon Single Stage Pulse Tube (CI-RP1) and Compact Inline Raytheon Hybrid Stirling/Pulse Tube 2-Stage (CI-RSP2) cryocoolers are being developed to satisfy this suite of requirements. This lightweight, compact, efficient, low vibration cryocooler combines proven 1-stage (RS1 or RP1) and 2-stage (RSP2) cold-head architectures with an inventive set of warm-end mechanisms into a single cooler module, allowing the moving mechanisms for the compressor and the Stirling displacer to be consolidated onto a common axis and in a common working volume. The CI cryocooler is a significant departure from the current Stirling cryocoolers in which the compressor mechanisms are remote from the Stirling displacer mechanism. Placing all of the mechanisms in a single volume and on a single axis provides benefits in terms of package size (30% reduction), mass (30% reduction), thermodynamic efficiency (>20% improvement) and exported vibration performance (≤25 mN peak in all three orthogonal axes at frequencies from 1 to 500 Hz). The main benefit of axial symmetry is that proven balancing techniques and hardware can be utilized to null all motion along the common axis. Low vibration translates to better sensor performance resulting in simpler, more direct mechanical mounting configurations, eliminating the need for convoluted, expensive, massive, long lead damping hardware.« less

Raytheon's next generation compact inline cryocooler architecture

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Schaefer, B. R.; Bellis, L.; Ellis, M. J.; Conrad, T.

2014-01-01

Since the 1970s, Raytheon has developed, built, tested and integrated high performance cryocoolers. Our versatile designs for single and multi-stage cryocoolers provide reliable operation for temperatures from 10 to 200 Kelvin with power levels ranging from 50 W to nearly 600 W. These advanced cryocoolers incorporate clearance seals, flexure suspensions, hermetic housings and dynamic balancing to provide long service life and reliable operation in all relevant environments. Today, sensors face a multitude of cryocooler integration challenges such as exported disturbance, efficiency, scalability, maturity, and cost. As a result, cryocooler selection is application dependent, oftentimes requiring extensive trade studies to determine the most suitable architecture. To optimally meet the needs of next generation passive IR sensors, the Compact Inline Raytheon Stirling 1-Stage (CI-RS1), Compact Inline Raytheon Single Stage Pulse Tube (CI-RP1) and Compact Inline Raytheon Hybrid Stirling/Pulse Tube 2-Stage (CI-RSP2) cryocoolers are being developed to satisfy this suite of requirements. This lightweight, compact, efficient, low vibration cryocooler combines proven 1-stage (RS1 or RP1) and 2-stage (RSP2) cold-head architectures with an inventive set of warm-end mechanisms into a single cooler module, allowing the moving mechanisms for the compressor and the Stirling displacer to be consolidated onto a common axis and in a common working volume. The CI cryocooler is a significant departure from the current Stirling cryocoolers in which the compressor mechanisms are remote from the Stirling displacer mechanism. Placing all of the mechanisms in a single volume and on a single axis provides benefits in terms of package size (30% reduction), mass (30% reduction), thermodynamic efficiency (>20% improvement) and exported vibration performance (≤25 mN peak in all three orthogonal axes at frequencies from 1 to 500 Hz). The main benefit of axial symmetry is that proven balancing techniques and hardware can be utilized to null all motion along the common axis. Low vibration translates to better sensor performance resulting in simpler, more direct mechanical mounting configurations, eliminating the need for convoluted, expensive, massive, long lead damping hardware.

Saturn Apollo Program

NASA Image and Video Library

1967-02-18

This cutaway drawing shows the S-IVB (third stage) of the Saturn V launch vehicle. As a part of the Marshall Space Flight Center’s (MSFC) “building block” approach to the Saturn development, the S-IVB stage was utilized in the Saturn IB launch vehicle as a second stage and, later, the Saturn V launch vehicle as a third stage. The 59 foot long and 22 feet diameter stage was powered by a single J-2 engine, initially capable of 200,000 pounds of thrust.