Management of foreign body ingestions in children: button batteries and magnets.

PubMed

Kodituwakku, Ronan; Palmer, Sarah; Paul, Siba Prosad

2017-04-27

Foreign body ingestion and foreign body aspiration commonly affect young children between 6 months and 6 years. A large number of these events remain unwitnessed and asymptomatic while the swallowed foreign body traverses the gastrointestinal tract and is passed in the stool. Recent literature has shown an increase in morbidity associated with button battery and (neomydium) magnet ingestions in children, particularly over the last decade. Early identification and management in a time critical manner is required in cases where button batteries get lodged in the oesophagus or multiple magnets are swallowed. Deaths, although rare, have been reported with these dangerous foreign body ingestions in children where diagnoses were delayed. Nurses through their direct contact with children in different clinical settings play a vital role in managing foreign body ingestions.

Economic Value of Army Foreign Military Sales

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-12-01

12 2. Direct Commercial Sales vs. Foreign Military Sales .....................15 3...the final bill to the customer, and the DSCA sends a closure certificate to DFAS. 2. Direct Commercial Sales vs. Foreign Military Sales Direct ...is defined as the “coproduction, licensed production, countertrade, subcontracting, and technology transfer—mandated by foreign governments as a

Foreign Investment in the U.S.: Costs and Benefits. Headline Series 249.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Zupnick, Elliot

The document discusses the implications and positive and negative aspects of foreign direct investment in the United States. The objective is to determine whether a restrictive U.S. policy as it relates to foreign direct investment in the United States is desirable. It is presented in five chapters. Chapter I defines foreign direct investment…

76 FR 42038 - Determining the Amount of Taxes Paid for Purposes of the Foreign Tax Credit

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-07-18

... investment condition''). The direct investment condition requires that the U.S. party's share of the foreign...) of this section if the foreign payment were an amount of tax paid. (3) Direct investment. The U.S... claim direct and indirect foreign tax credits. DATES: Effective Date: These regulations are effective on...

Assessing Foreign Language Proficiency of Undergraduates. Issues in Language Program Direction: A Series of Annual Volumes.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Teschner, Richard V., Ed.

This collection of papers includes: "Foreign Language Testing Today: Issues in Language Program Direction" (Frank Nuessel); "Assessing the Problems of Assessment" (M. Peter Hagiwara); "Testing in Foreign Language Programs and Testing Programs in Foreign Language Departments: Reflections and Recommendations" (Elizabeth…

Understanding the Implications: Why the Chinese Economy is Critical to the United States Realizing Its Desired End State for South East Asia

DTIC Science & Technology

2016-06-10

Foreign Direct Investment ........................................................................................ 51 Protection of U.S. Economic...Agreement CPC Chinese Communist Party FDI Foreign Direct Investment FMF Foreign Military Financing FTAAP Free Trade Area of the Asia Pacific GDP Gross...report also delves into the U.S. trade deficit established with China, the aggressive emergence of Chinese Foreign Direct Investment in the U.S., and the

15 CFR 806.15 - Foreign direct investment in the United States.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... million (positive or negative). Form BE-15(EZ) must be filed every other year by each U.S. affiliate for... § 806.15 Foreign direct investment in the United States. (a) Specific definitions—(1) Foreign direct... parent of the affiliate. (6) Ultimate beneficial owner (UBO) is that person, proceeding up the ownership...

Health and foreign policy in question: the case of humanitarian action.

PubMed

Thieren, Michel

2007-03-01

Health has gained recognition as a foreign policy concern in recent years. Political leaders increasingly address global health problems within their international relations agendas. The confluence of health and foreign policy has opened these issues to analysis that helps clarify the tenets and determinants of this linkage, offering a new framework for international health policy. Yet as health remains profoundly bound to altruistic values, caution is required before generalizing about the positive outcomes of merging international health and foreign policy principles. In particular, the possible side-effects of this framework deserve further consideration. This paper examines the interaction of health and foreign policy in humanitarian action, where public health and foreign policy are often in direct conflict. Using a case-based approach, this analysis shows that health and foreign policy need not be at odds in this context, although there are situations where altruistic and interest-based values compete. The hierarchy of foreign policy functions must be challenged to avoid misuse of national authority where health interventions do not coincide with national security and domestic interests.

Joint Ventures in Cuba: Opportunities for Direct Foreign Investment.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Tancer, Robert S.

1995-01-01

Presents a brief history of direct foreign investment in Cuba since 1982. This investment currently plays an important role in Cuba as a replacement to Soviet aid and as a means to earn foreign exchange. Tourism and mining are the preferred area for foreign investment because both of these sectors offer hard currency returns for Cuba. (20…

13 CFR 400.109 - Government-wide debarment and suspension (nonprocurement).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... Government; (ii) Direct awards to foreign governments or public international organizations, or transactions with foreign governments or foreign governmental entities, public international organizations, foreign... public international organizations, or transactions with foreign governments or foreign governmental...

Economic Value of Army Foreign Military Sales

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-12-01

12 2. Direct Commercial Sales vs. Foreign Military Sales ............... 15 3. GAO and CBO Reports... Directive DOS Department of State DSCA Defense Security Cooperation Agency EOQ Economic Order Quantity FAA Foreign Assistance Act FAR Federal...and approves export license requests for Direct Commercial Sales (DCS) of defense articles (DSCA, 2012, p. C1.3.1). The DSCA summarizes the FMS

Ausländische Direktinvestitionen - bleibt die Sozialpartnerschaft auf der Strecke?

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jansen, Peter; Weingarten, Jörg

2017-04-01

Germany attracts ever higher levels of foreign direct investment. This raises the question how these investments affect labour relations, which in this country are characterized by a high importance of co-determination and social partnership. Foreign investors are often perceived as a threat, amongst other things, for co-determination or the rights of the workforce. There is also empirical evidence that points to a negative impact of foreign direct investment on the social partnership model. In contrast, other studies conclude that foreign investors value co-determination. Correspondingly, it is not plausible to consider foreign direct investment generally as threat for the social partnership model.

Structural Equation Modeling of Cultural Competence of Nurses Caring for Foreign Patients.

PubMed

Ahn, Jung-Won

2017-03-01

This study aimed to construct and test a hypothetical model including factors related to the cultural competence of nurses caring for foreign patients. The transcultural nursing immersion experience model and anxiety/uncertainty management theory were used to verify the paths between the variables. The exogenous variables were multicultural experience, ethnocentric attitude, and organizational cultural competence support. The endogenous variables were intercultural anxiety, intercultural uncertainty, coping strategy, and cultural competence. Participants were 275 nurses working in general hospitals in Seoul and Kyung-Gi Do, Korea. Each nurse in this study had experience of caring for over 10 foreign patients. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire and analyzed with SPSS statistical software with the added AMOS module. The overall fitness indices of the hypothetical model were a good fit. Multicultural experience, ethnocentric attitude, organizational cultural competence support, and intercultural uncertainty were found to have a direct and indirect effect on the cultural competence of nurses while coping strategy only had a direct effect. Intercultural anxiety did not have a significant effect on cultural competence. This model explained 59.1% of the variance in the nurses' cultural competence when caring for foreign patients. Nurses' cultural competence can be developed by offering multicultural nursing education, increasing direct/indirect multicultural experience, and sharing problem-solving experience to promote the coping ability of nurses. Organizational support can be achieved by preparing relevant personnel and resources. Subsequently, the quality of nursing care for foreign patients' will be ultimately improved. Copyright © 2017. Published by Elsevier B.V.

Language Acculturation, Acculturation-Related Stress, and Marital Quality in Chinese American Couples.

PubMed

Hou, Yang; Neff, Lisa A; Kim, Su Yeong

2018-04-01

The current study examines the longitudinal indirect pathways linking language acculturation to marital quality. Three waves of data were collected from 416 Chinese American couples over eight years ( M age.wave1 = 48 for husbands, 44 for wives). Actor-partner interdependence model analyses revealed that for both husbands and wives, lower levels of language acculturation were associated with higher levels of stress over being stereotyped as a perpetual foreigner. Individuals' foreigner stress, in turn, was directly related to greater levels of their own and their partners' marital warmth, suggesting that foreigner stress may have some positive relational effects. However, individuals' foreigner stress also was associated with increases in their own depressive symptoms, which predicted higher levels of marital hostility in the partner. Overall, these results underscore the complexity of how language acculturation and foreigner stress relate to marital quality and the importance of considering the interdependence of the marital system.

15 CFR 700.62 - Directives.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 15 Commerce and Foreign Trade 2 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Directives. 700.62 Section 700.62 Commerce and Foreign Trade Regulations Relating to Commerce and Foreign Trade (Continued) BUREAU OF INDUSTRY AND SECURITY, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE NATIONAL SECURITY INDUSTRIAL BASE REGULATIONS DEFENSE...

75 FR 48625 - Amendment to the International Traffic in Arms Regulations: Dual Nationals and Third-Country...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-08-11

..., including technical data, within a foreign business entity, foreign governmental entity, or international..., directly employed by the foreign business entity, foreign governmental entity, or international... any defense article, any foreign business entity, foreign governmental entity, or international...

12 CFR 303.183 - Investment by insured state nonmember banks in foreign organization.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... seeking to make direct or indirect investments in a foreign organization will be acknowledged in writing... form of a letter from an eligible depository institution making direct or indirect investments in a... to make a foreign investment other than under § 347.117(b) of this chapter shall submit an...

15 CFR 2006.1 - Information to be included in petition.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... property right, or foreign direct investment matter for which the rights of the United States under the... nature of any foreign direct investment proposed by the United States person, including estimates of... 15 Commerce and Foreign Trade 3 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Information to be included in petition...

Proceedings of the National Conference on Professional Priorities. [Curriculum and Materials.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

American Council on the Teaching of Foreign Languages, Hastings-on-Hudson, NY.

The following papers on foreign language curriculum development for the 1980s are included: (1) "Foreign Language and the Humanistic Tradition: The Relationship to the Coming Decade," by Claire Gaudiani; (2) "Practical Implications of New Trends and Directions," by Wilga Rivers; (3) "Directions in Foreign Language Curriculum Development," by H. H.…

Foreign investment in Asia in the 1990s: trends, problems and implications for manpower movements.

PubMed

Sekiguchi, S

1992-01-01

Direct foreign investment (DFI) is described as an international reallocation of managerial resources through which manpower moves across borders bidirectionally. This paper describes the diversity and rapidity of change in DFI for flows among North America, western Europe, Japan, ASEAN, Taiwan, China, Hong Kong, Korea, and Russia, and the implications for manpower movements. The US share of DFI in the Pacific Rim has declined while that of Japan and Western Europe has increased with the newly industrialized economies emerging regionally as net capital exporters. US and western European DFI will increasingly turn toward the Americas and Europe. Diminished US DFI will likely be compensated by Asian intraregional flows led by Japan, South Korea, Singapore, and Hong Kong. As for migration trends, bidirectinal flows of unskilled and professional labor may be stimulated by DFI, but only limited direct effects upon manpower movements should be expected.

Migration and Singapore: implications for the Asia Pacific.

PubMed

Low, L

1994-01-01

Regarding immigration and emigration issues, there is a need for greater and more detailed data collection, an emphasis on data on illegal as well as legal migration, an examination of the impact of direct foreign investment on job creation and new labor market entrants, and a strengthening of international conventions for protection of foreign workers. The Pacific Economic Cooperation Council (PECC), Human Resource Development Task Force, is the source for projections of labor demand and supply for 18 PECC countries in 1993 and 1994. These projections indicate labor shortages in 1993 in Canada, Taiwan, Hong Kong, Malaysia, Singapore, and Thailand. The greatest labor supplier will be China. Japan and Korea are expected to have economic downturns, which will increase excess labor. The extent of excess labor is estimated to be 8.01 million in 1993 and 12.43 in 1994. The nature of the calculations could potentially exaggerate existing demand. A variety of theories are used to determine the direction and flow of migration, capital, goods and services, and technology. Estimates of migration flows indicate an increase to 100 million migrants in 1992, or 1.8% of world population (35 million in Sub-Saharan Africa, 15 million in Asia and the Middle East, and almost 13 million in Western Europe and North America). The value of remittances is estimated at $66 million (US dollars), which is slightly less than the value of oil trade and exceeds the $46 million in foreign aid. It is hypothesized that wider spatial and income inequalities with expanding globalization will increase migration flows. The case of Singapore illustrates how manipulation of the labor market reduces potential problems. Immigration policy historically encouraged migration of skilled and professional workers. In 1990 foreign workers in Singapore constituted 12% of the labor force. Since 1982 a monthly foreign worker levy has been imposed. The levy is increased when needed in order to slow demand. In 1992 the levy was lowered for skilled workers and increased for unskilled workers. Emigration peaked in 1987 at 4700 and declined to 3000 in 1989.

Multinational corporations and third world capitalism

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Ulmer, M.J.

1980-06-01

The principal conclusion of this article is that the direct investments of US multinationals have had a powerfully benign effect on Third World countries, promoting extraordinarily high rates of economic growth wherever they were allowed to do so. Of course, internal policies in the poorer countries help to determine how fast and how widely prosperity is dispersed and shared throughout their populations. But the significant fact is that foreign direct investment has been critical in creating large increases in per capita output, and without that it would be only the poverty that could be shared. A related conclusion suggested bymore » this analysis is that foreign direct investment has been a far more important promoter of growth than has foreign economic aid. To be sure, some forms of aid were not meant to promote economic expansion, but simply humanitarian relief from hunger or disease. Even so, much aid has been explicitly intended to stimulate development, and sometimes with considerable fanfare. Investment is more effective than aid in another strategic respect. The former actively encourages capitalist enterprise, both directly and indirectly. It does so by example, and through enlisting a portion of the local population in its activities. It does so, also, through the higher incomes it generates for consumers and the business it activates among local suppliers, processors, and others.« less

Foreign Direct Investment and Energy Supply in the Middle East and North Africa: A Correlational Study

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Elghali, Siddig

Middle East and North Africa countries have been criticized for failing to utilize foreign direct investment energy resources efficiently. The changing of energy resources environment of the past decades with its growing emphasis on the importance of imminent energy supply challenges require strategists to consider different types of energy resources investment to improve energy supply. One type of energy investment will show effectiveness and efficiency in utilizing foreign direct investment in exposing RE, fossil fuels, natural gas, and reducing CO2 emissions. The purpose of this quantitative correlational study was to utilize foreign direct investment to predict total primary energy supply in the Middle East and North Africa region between 1971 and 2013. The study was conducted using a sample size of 43 years of energy supply resources and foreign direct investment from 1971 to 2013, which includes all of the years for which FDI is available. RE potential may equip Middle East and North Africa countries with sustainable and clean electricity for centuries to come, as non-renewable energy resources may not meet the demands globally and domestically or environmentally. As demands for fossil fuels grow, carbon emissions will increase. RE may be a better option of CO 2 emissions sequestration and will increase electricity to rural areas without government subsidies and complex decision-making policies. RE infrastructure will reduce water desalinization costs, cooling systems, and be useful in heating. Establishing concentrated solar power may be useful for the region cooperation, negotiations, and integration to share this energy. The alternative sought to fossil fuels was nuclear power. However, nuclear power depends on depleting, non-renewable uranium resources. The cost of uranium will increase if widely used and the presence of a nuclear plant in an unstable region is unsafe. Thus, renewable energy as a long-term option is efficient. A nonlinear regression analysis performed to test the foreign direct investment and energy supply predictor variables with the control variables relate to renewable energy resources, fossil fuels, natural gas, nuclear energy, and CO2 emissions. FDI to predict the total primary energy supply in the MENA region between 1971 and 2013. The predictor variable was FDI evaluated for all years between 1971 and 2013. The criterion variables were total primary energy supply from four distinct sources: fossil fuels (including crude oil, natural gas liquid, and refinery feedstocks); natural gas; renewables and waste; and electricity. The results of the nonlinear regression supported FDI inflow was significantly predictive of the total primary energy supply in the Middle East between 1971 and 2013. A future quantitative study could examine FDI and Energy Supply in the MENA for strategic energy and investment policies indicators. Significant prediction between FDI and energy supply should serve as a red flag to researchers and cause them to research further. The study outlines steps that could be followed in making a determination whether selected FDI were consistent with energy data, which would then suggest the need for further FDI and energy supply investigation.

12 CFR 347.119 - Specific consent.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... processing procedure. (d) Specific consent. Direct or indirect investments in or activities of foreign... control such organization as a result of a foreign investment; or (ii) A bank would be establishing a... foreign country. (1) Applicable law or practice in the foreign country where the foreign organization or...

Outward Foreign Direct Investment and Human Capital Development: A Small Country Perspective

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

McDonnell, Anthony

2008-01-01

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to examine the pattern of outward foreign direct investment (FDI) by Irish MNCs, and more specifically, to investigate their approach to human capital development and how these correspond to foreign MNCs in Ireland. In particular, it seeks to investigate training and development expenditure, adoption of…

14 CFR 212.7 - Direct sales.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 4 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Direct sales. 212.7 Section 212.7... REGULATIONS CHARTER RULES FOR U.S. AND FOREIGN DIRECT AIR CARRIERS § 212.7 Direct sales. (a) Certificated and foreign air carriers may sell or offer for sale, and operate, as principal, Public Charter flights under...

14 CFR 212.7 - Direct sales.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 4 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Direct sales. 212.7 Section 212.7... REGULATIONS CHARTER RULES FOR U.S. AND FOREIGN DIRECT AIR CARRIERS § 212.7 Direct sales. (a) Certificated and foreign air carriers may sell or offer for sale, and operate, as principal, Public Charter flights under...

14 CFR 212.7 - Direct sales.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 4 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Direct sales. 212.7 Section 212.7... REGULATIONS CHARTER RULES FOR U.S. AND FOREIGN DIRECT AIR CARRIERS § 212.7 Direct sales. (a) Certificated and foreign air carriers may sell or offer for sale, and operate, as principal, Public Charter flights under...

14 CFR 212.7 - Direct sales.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 4 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Direct sales. 212.7 Section 212.7... REGULATIONS CHARTER RULES FOR U.S. AND FOREIGN DIRECT AIR CARRIERS § 212.7 Direct sales. (a) Certificated and foreign air carriers may sell or offer for sale, and operate, as principal, Public Charter flights under...

14 CFR 212.7 - Direct sales.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 4 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Direct sales. 212.7 Section 212.7... REGULATIONS CHARTER RULES FOR U.S. AND FOREIGN DIRECT AIR CARRIERS § 212.7 Direct sales. (a) Certificated and foreign air carriers may sell or offer for sale, and operate, as principal, Public Charter flights under...

Going Global: The Economic and Geopolitical Effect of China’s Increasing Outward Foreign Direct Investment

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-03-01

Sinopec to partner with a Malaysian oil company to undercut a Chinese National Petroleum Corporation (CNPC) bid by over $60 million. Sinopec not only...invested abroad, states will enact taxation polices, trade barriers, and other measures that favor their increase in relative power.131 In summation, if

22 CFR 513.200 - Debarment or suspension.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... by the Federal Government; (2) Direct awards to foreign governments or public international organizations, or transactions with foreign governments or foreign governmental entities, public international organizations, foreign government owned (in whole or in part) or controlled entities, and entities consisting...

22 CFR 513.110 - Coverage.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

...) Direct awards to foreign governments or public international organizations, or transactions with foreign governments or foreign governmental entities, public international organizations, foreign government owned (in...) Relationship to other sections. This section describes the types of transactions to which a debarment or...

12 CFR 211.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... the circumstances of the particular investment. (i) Foreign or foreign country refers to one or more... of which the organization is a direct or indirect subsidiary; or (2) Any direct or indirect... debentures. (d) Directly or indirectly, when used in reference to activities or investments of an...

26 CFR 1.901-2T - Income, war profits, or excess profits tax paid or accrued (temporary).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... amount of tax paid. (3) Direct investment. The U.S. party's proportionate share of the foreign payment or... the interest is owned by a U.S. or foreign entity. (5) Passive investment income—(i) In general. The... recognize their distributive shares of the $10 million premium income and claim a direct foreign tax credit...

15 CFR 923.43 - Direct State land and water use planning and regulation-Technique B.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 15 Commerce and Foreign Trade 3 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Direct State land and water use planning and regulation-Technique B. 923.43 Section 923.43 Commerce and Foreign Trade Regulations Relating to Commerce and Foreign Trade (Continued) NATIONAL OCEANIC AND ATMOSPHERIC ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE OCEAN AND COASTAL RESOURCE...

15 CFR 923.43 - Direct State land and water use planning and regulation-Technique B.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 15 Commerce and Foreign Trade 3 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Direct State land and water use planning and regulation-Technique B. 923.43 Section 923.43 Commerce and Foreign Trade Regulations Relating to Commerce and Foreign Trade (Continued) NATIONAL OCEANIC AND ATMOSPHERIC ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE OCEAN AND COASTAL RESOURCE...

Direct Foreign Investment in the United Kingdom.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hinde, Kevin

1987-01-01

Notes introductory undergraduate economics textbooks have no formal analysis of the rationale for direct foreign investment by multinational firms. Examines this area in an attempt to develop more content information for undergraduate courses. (RKM)

[Foreign dentures and dental tourism--willingness-to-pay and factors influencing the demand for foreign dental prosthesis in Germany].

PubMed

Köberlein, J; Klingenberger, D

2011-07-01

With the progressive realisation of the single European market, public interest has been directed towards cross-border healthcare services to an increasing extent. More and more dentures are being imported into Germany from foreign countries. Furthermore, patients are becoming ever more mobile, travelling to other countries to receive prosthetic treatment from dentists. The objective of this evaluation was to determine by means of a dedicated questionnaire the patients' individual preferences for foreign dentures and the potential savings. 1 368 individuals between the ages of 30 and 75 years were interviewed within a representative omnibus survey. The evaluation of the individual willingness-to-pay included 4 treatment scenarios, which were assessed by the participants in a "bidding game". Participants could choose between a "crown scenario" and an "implant scenario", both with the subcategories "foreign dentures" and "dental tourism". The direct comparison revealed a preference for the "foreign dentures" option over "dental tourism". Average willingness-to-pay for the dental tourism option in the crown scenario was calculated as 80 Euro, and in the implant scenario as 280 Euro less in comparison with the willingness-to-pay for the foreign dentures option. The willingness to switch to a less expensive dentist was one of the main determinants in the causal explanation for the variance in willingness-to-pay. Quality proved to be the decisive criterion and was indicated by 92.4% participants. A lower price for dentures played a subordinate role and was only stated as the decisive factor by 31.1% participants. In conclusion, the results clearly indicate that the decision for or against foreign dentures and the extent of willingness-to-pay depends on a range of criteria, of which "price" is only one and not the decisive factor. © Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York.

42 CFR 413.80 - Direct GME payments: Determination of weighting factors for foreign medical graduates.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... factors for foreign medical graduates. 413.80 Section 413.80 Public Health CENTERS FOR MEDICARE & MEDICAID... weighting factors for foreign medical graduates. (a) The weighting factor for a foreign medical graduate is determined under the provisions of § 413.79 if the foreign medical graduate— (1) Has passed FMGEMS; or (2...

42 CFR 413.80 - Direct GME payments: Determination of weighting factors for foreign medical graduates.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... factors for foreign medical graduates. 413.80 Section 413.80 Public Health CENTERS FOR MEDICARE & MEDICAID... weighting factors for foreign medical graduates. (a) The weighting factor for a foreign medical graduate is determined under the provisions of § 413.79 if the foreign medical graduate— (1) Has passed FMGEMS; or (2...

42 CFR 413.80 - Direct GME payments: Determination of weighting factors for foreign medical graduates.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... factors for foreign medical graduates. 413.80 Section 413.80 Public Health CENTERS FOR MEDICARE & MEDICAID... weighting factors for foreign medical graduates. (a) The weighting factor for a foreign medical graduate is determined under the provisions of § 413.79 if the foreign medical graduate— (1) Has passed FMGEMS; or (2...

42 CFR 413.80 - Direct GME payments: Determination of weighting factors for foreign medical graduates.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... factors for foreign medical graduates. 413.80 Section 413.80 Public Health CENTERS FOR MEDICARE & MEDICAID... weighting factors for foreign medical graduates. (a) The weighting factor for a foreign medical graduate is determined under the provisions of § 413.79 if the foreign medical graduate— (1) Has passed FMGEMS; or (2...

42 CFR 413.80 - Direct GME payments: Determination of weighting factors for foreign medical graduates.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... factors for foreign medical graduates. 413.80 Section 413.80 Public Health CENTERS FOR MEDICARE & MEDICAID... weighting factors for foreign medical graduates. (a) The weighting factor for a foreign medical graduate is determined under the provisions of § 413.79 if the foreign medical graduate— (1) Has passed FMGEMS; or (2...

Educating Foreign Students in the U.S.A.: A Cost Benefit Analysis.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Mehrabi, Shah M.

The economic costs and benefits of educating foreign students in U.S. public and private colleges are estimated. U.S. costs of educating foreign students consist primarily of: (1) direct educational costs, (2) cost of the foreign students who receive their maintenance allowance from U.S. sources, (3) travel costs of those foreign students whose…

75 FR 13207 - Proposed Collection; Comment Request for Regulation Project

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-03-18

... comments concerning an existing final regulation, INTL-362-88 (TD 8618), Definition of a Controlled Foreign..., 2010 to be assured of consideration. ADDRESSES: Direct all written comments to R. Joseph Durbala... INFORMATION: Title: Definition of a Controlled Foreign Corporation, Foreign Base Company Income and Foreign...

17 CFR 30.12 - Direct foreign order transmittal.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... customers defined. For the purposes of this section, an “authorized customer” of a futures commission merchant shall mean any foreign futures or foreign options customer, as defined in § 30.1(c), or its... account of the futures commission merchant's foreign futures and options customer omnibus account; and (2...

22 CFR 208.215 - Which nonprocurement transactions are not covered transactions?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... transactions: (a) A direct award to— (1) A foreign government or foreign governmental entity; (2) A public international organization; (3) An entity owned (in whole or in part) or controlled by a foreign government; or... covered transactions? 208.215 Section 208.215 Foreign Relations AGENCY FOR INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT...

43 CFR 426.8 - Nonresident aliens and foreign entities.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 43 Public Lands: Interior 1 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Nonresident aliens and foreign entities..., DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR ACREAGE LIMITATION RULES AND REGULATIONS § 426.8 Nonresident aliens and foreign... reclamation law or these regulations, a nonresident alien or foreign entity that directly holds land in a...

43 CFR 426.8 - Nonresident aliens and foreign entities.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 43 Public Lands: Interior 1 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Nonresident aliens and foreign entities..., DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR ACREAGE LIMITATION RULES AND REGULATIONS § 426.8 Nonresident aliens and foreign... reclamation law or these regulations, a nonresident alien or foreign entity that directly holds land in a...

43 CFR 426.8 - Nonresident aliens and foreign entities.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 43 Public Lands: Interior 1 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Nonresident aliens and foreign entities..., DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR ACREAGE LIMITATION RULES AND REGULATIONS § 426.8 Nonresident aliens and foreign... reclamation law or these regulations, a nonresident alien or foreign entity that directly holds land in a...

43 CFR 426.8 - Nonresident aliens and foreign entities.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 43 Public Lands: Interior 1 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Nonresident aliens and foreign entities..., DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR ACREAGE LIMITATION RULES AND REGULATIONS § 426.8 Nonresident aliens and foreign... reclamation law or these regulations, a nonresident alien or foreign entity that directly holds land in a...

43 CFR 426.8 - Nonresident aliens and foreign entities.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 43 Public Lands: Interior 1 2012-10-01 2011-10-01 true Nonresident aliens and foreign entities..., DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR ACREAGE LIMITATION RULES AND REGULATIONS § 426.8 Nonresident aliens and foreign... reclamation law or these regulations, a nonresident alien or foreign entity that directly holds land in a...

17 CFR 30.12 - Direct foreign order transmittal.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... customers defined. For the purposes of this section, an “authorized customer” of a futures commission merchant shall mean any foreign futures or foreign options customer, as defined in § 30.1(c), or its... account of the futures commission merchant's foreign futures and options customer omnibus account; and (2...

17 CFR 30.12 - Direct foreign order transmittal.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... customers defined. For the purposes of this section, an “authorized customer” of a futures commission merchant shall mean any foreign futures or foreign options customer, as defined in § 30.1(c), or its... account of the futures commission merchant's foreign futures and options customer omnibus account; and (2...

17 CFR 30.12 - Direct foreign order transmittal.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... customers defined. For the purposes of this section, an “authorized customer” of a futures commission merchant shall mean any foreign futures or foreign options customer, as defined in § 30.1(c), or its... account of the futures commission merchant's foreign futures and options customer omnibus account; and (2...

17 CFR 30.12 - Direct foreign order transmittal.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... customers defined. For the purposes of this section, an “authorized customer” of a futures commission merchant shall mean any foreign futures or foreign options customer, as defined in § 30.1(c), or its... account of the futures commission merchant's foreign futures and options customer omnibus account; and (2...

Foreign direct investment in the United States and u.s. Interests.

PubMed

Graham, E M

1991-12-20

Foreign direct investment entered the United States at unprecedented rates during the second half of the 1980s. The result has been much higher levels of foreign ownership of U.S. economic activities than those to which the nation has been accustomed. The reasons for this investment include loss of competitiveness of U.S. firms compared to international rivals as well as attractions to foreign investors of the United States itself. The economic effects of greater levels of foreign ownership are generally positive, although some problems with levels of competition could ensue. National security considerations might cause the United States to place some restrictions on this investment, but other restrictions at the present time appear to be unwarranted.

76 FR 58561 - Proposed Collection; Comment Request

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-09-21

... (202-622- 1276). Direct all written comments on foreign currency transactions and positions to: Gregory... associated with Reporting of International Capital and Foreign Currency Transactions and Positions--31 CFR... consideration. ADDRESSES: Direct all written comments on international capital transactions and positions to...

Foreign Direct Investment and Trade Openness: The Case of Developing Economies

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Liargovas, Panagiotis G.; Skandalis, Konstantinos S.

2012-01-01

This paper examines the importance of trade openness for attracting Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) inflows, using a sample of 36 developing economies for the period 1990-2008. It provides a direct test of causality between FDI inflows, trade openness and other key variables in developing regions of the world: Latin America, Asia, Africa, CIS…

75 FR 53611 - Direct Investment Surveys: BE-577, Quarterly Survey of U.S. Direct Investment Abroad-Direct...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-09-01

... sample data on transactions and positions between U.S.-owned foreign business enterprises and their U.S... commentator may be publicly accessible. Do not submit confidential business information or otherwise sensitive... positions between U.S.-owned foreign business enterprises and their U.S. parents. The sample data are used...

Foreign direct investments and their impact on the economic development of Bosnia and Herzegovina

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Susic, I.; Stojanovic-Trivanovic, M.; Susic, M.

2017-05-01

From the perspective of macroeconomic indicators, investment is a significant determinant of economic development in general, as well as the development indicator of economic entities in the micro segment. Investments are an essential element of any economic policy, because their implementation provides a platform not only for economic development, but also are prerequisite for the stability of economic and social trends. Foreign direct investment plays an important role in the financing of the global economy, and it represents the most frequent feature in financing the national economies of developing countries and countries in transition. Demand for foreign investment in the global market is large, and thus the governments have been conducting many activities in order to create a more favorable environment to attract investors. In this paper, special attention was paid to direct investments in financing the economy on a global scale, their importance for the development of the global economy and the impact of foreign direct investment in the economic development of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The major activities, which are necessary to be done to attract investments in the highest possible volume, have been emphasized. With the use of statistical and quantitative analysis, the paper shows that the inflow of foreign capital is one of the basic prerequisite of economic growth acceleration and that the inflow of foreign capital has a positive impact on the economic development of Bosnia and Herzegovina. By monitoring and analyzing the various instruments of foreign capital inflow, with an emphasis on investment in the free zone and a joint venture with foreign investors, it has been clearly pointed out the fact that they have diverse, but proven positive impact on macroeconomic variables in the economy of Bosnia and Herzegovina.

Does foreign aid crowd out government investments? Evidence from rural health centres in Rwanda

PubMed Central

Lu, Chunling; Cook, Benjamin; Desmond, Chris

2017-01-01

Background Rural healthcare facilities in low-income countries play a major role in providing primary care to rural populations. We examined the link of foreign aid with government investments and medical service provision in rural health centres in Rwanda. Methods Using the District Health System Strengthening Tool, a web-based database built by the Ministry of Health in Rwanda, we constructed two composite indices representing provision of (1) child and maternal care and (2) HIV, tuberculosis (TB) and malaria services in 330 rural health centres between 2009 and 2011. Financing variables in a healthcare centre included received funds from various sources, including foreign donors and government. We used multilevel random-effects model in regression analyses and examined the robustness of results to a range of alternative specification, including scale of dependent variables, estimation methods and timing of aid effects. Findings Both government and foreign donors increased their direct investments in the 330 rural healthcare centres during the period. Foreign aid was positively associated with government investments (0.13, 95% CI 0.06 to 0.19) in rural health centres. Aid in the previous year was positively associated with service provision for child and maternal health (0.008, 95% CI 0.002 to 0.014) and service provision for HIV, TB and malaria (0.014, 95% CI 0.004 to 0.022) in the current year. The results are robust when using fixed-effects models. Conclusions These findings suggest that foreign aid did not crowd out government investments in the rural healthcare centres. Foreign aid programmes, conducted in addition to government investments, could benefit rural residents in low-income countries through increased service provision in rural healthcare facilities. PMID:29082015

Does foreign aid crowd out government investments? Evidence from rural health centres in Rwanda.

PubMed

Lu, Chunling; Cook, Benjamin; Desmond, Chris

2017-01-01

Rural healthcare facilities in low-income countries play a major role in providing primary care to rural populations. We examined the link of foreign aid with government investments and medical service provision in rural health centres in Rwanda. Using the District Health System Strengthening Tool, a web-based database built by the Ministry of Health in Rwanda, we constructed two composite indices representing provision of (1) child and maternal care and (2) HIV, tuberculosis (TB) and malaria services in 330 rural health centres between 2009 and 2011. Financing variables in a healthcare centre included received funds from various sources, including foreign donors and government. We used multilevel random-effects model in regression analyses and examined the robustness of results to a range of alternative specification, including scale of dependent variables, estimation methods and timing of aid effects. Both government and foreign donors increased their direct investments in the 330 rural healthcare centres during the period. Foreign aid was positively associated with government investments (0.13, 95% CI 0.06 to 0.19) in rural health centres. Aid in the previous year was positively associated with service provision for child and maternal health (0.008, 95% CI 0.002 to 0.014) and service provision for HIV, TB and malaria (0.014, 95% CI 0.004 to 0.022) in the current year. The results are robust when using fixed-effects models. These findings suggest that foreign aid did not crowd out government investments in the rural healthcare centres. Foreign aid programmes, conducted in addition to government investments, could benefit rural residents in low-income countries through increased service provision in rural healthcare facilities.

New Perspectives and New Directions in Foreign Language Education. The ACTFL Foreign Language Education Series.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Birckbichler, Diane W., Ed.

The five essays in this volume address broad trends and issues in foreign language education. "Bandwagons Revisited: A Perspective on Movements in Foreign Language Education" (Frank M. Grittner) suggests that the bandwagons flourish because of lack of standardization and centralized authority in American education. Characteristics and results of…

STATUS AND FUTURE POSSIBILITIES OF DOMESTIC FLIGHTS BY FOREIGN AIRLINES

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hibino, Naohiko; Kobayashi, Yuki; Morichi, Shigeru

As a regional strategy, it is very important for local cities that international flights are put into service to local airports and to increase tourists. It is problemati c for the airlines that their international flights are put into service directly between the local airport and the international airport since it is difficult for them to secure the number of passengers needed to operate the aircraft. Co ncerning 1-stop flights, there is a good possibility of securing number of passengers. Therefore, the study illustrated the possibilities of domestic airline flights by foreign airlines as international flights.

The Educational Philosophy and Development Direction of School of Foreign Studies in Engineering Colleges in China: A Case Study of North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power (NCWU)

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Xinqiang, Wei

2012-01-01

This paper gives a brief analysis on the educational advantages and objects of NCWU. It believes that the educational philosophy and development direction of foreign school in engineering colleges must be set up on the basis of need of China and talents need, moreover, the development of the School of Foreign Studies must be analyzed by…

31 CFR Appendix A to Part 128 - Determination Made by National Advisory Council Pursuant to Section 2 (a) and (b) of E.O. 10033

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... pertaining to direct-investment transactions, U.S. Government foreign lending operations, and claims and...: Treasury Regulations Relating to Money and Finance REPORTING OF INTERNATIONAL CAPITAL AND FOREIGN-CURRENCY... with foreigners, and current information with respect to U.S. gold holdings, foreign-currency holdings...

26 CFR 1.861-11T - Special rules for allocating and apportioning interest expense of an affiliated group of...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... or Z's direct assets is exclusively financial services income. The foreign source income generated by... computation of foreign source taxable income for purposes of section 904 (relating to various limitations on the foreign tax credit). Section 904 imposes separate foreign tax credit limitations on passive income...

The Returns to UK Degrees for Foreign-Educated Graduates

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Valbuena, Javier; Zhu, Yu

2018-01-01

Exploiting information on foreign qualifications for the first time, we estimate the returns to obtaining UK higher degrees for foreign graduates who migrated to the UK in their 20s. Accounting for direct measures of foreign and UK qualifications and country-of-origin fixed effects, we find substantial returns to obtaining UK (higher) degrees on…

Foreign Language Anxiety: Understanding Its Status and Insiders' Awareness and Attitudes

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Trang, Tran Thi Thu; Baldauf, Richard B., Jr.; Moni, Karen

2013-01-01

Foreign language anxiety (FLA) has been found to exist in all of the cultures where it has been studied, yet the literature provides limited empirical evidence to indicate whether foreign language students and teachers, as the direct stakeholders in the phenomenon, are aware of it. This study investigated the extent to which foreign language…

76 FR 71937 - Proposed Information Collection; Comment Request; Direct Investment Surveys: BE-605, Quarterly...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-11-21

.... business enterprises and their ``affiliated foreign groups'' (i.e., their foreign parents and foreign... U.S. business enterprise that is owned 10 percent or more by a foreign investor and that has total... . Potential respondents are those U.S. business enterprises that were required to report in the BE-12...

Reflective Practices in Foreign Language Teacher Education: A View through Micro and Macro Windows

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Geyer, Naomi

2008-01-01

As professional development models of teacher education that allow for self-directed, collaborative, inquiry-based learning are increasingly replacing more traditional top-down models, researchers acknowledge the impact of teachers' reflective practices. Although many different types of reflective practices are reported, the differences across…

Foreign Plastid Sequences in Plant Mitochondria are Frequently Acquired Via Mitochondrion-to-Mitochondrion Horizontal Transfer

PubMed Central

Gandini, C. L.; Sanchez-Puerta, M. V.

2017-01-01

Angiosperm mitochondrial genomes (mtDNA) exhibit variable quantities of alien sequences. Many of these sequences are acquired by intracellular gene transfer (IGT) from the plastid. In addition, frequent events of horizontal gene transfer (HGT) between mitochondria of different species also contribute to their expanded genomes. In contrast, alien sequences are rarely found in plastid genomes. Most of the plant-to-plant HGT events involve mitochondrion-to-mitochondrion transfers. Occasionally, foreign sequences in mtDNAs are plastid-derived (MTPT), raising questions about their origin, frequency, and mechanism of transfer. The rising number of complete mtDNAs allowed us to address these questions. We identified 15 new foreign MTPTs, increasing significantly the number of those previously reported. One out of five of the angiosperm species analyzed contained at least one foreign MTPT, suggesting a remarkable frequency of HGT among plants. By analyzing the flanking regions of the foreign MTPTs, we found strong evidence for mt-to-mt transfers in 65% of the cases. We hypothesize that plastid sequences were initially acquired by the native mtDNA via IGT and then transferred to a distantly-related plant via mitochondrial HGT, rather than directly from a foreign plastid to the mitochondrial genome. Finally, we describe three novel putative cases of mitochondrial-derived sequences among angiosperm plastomes. PMID:28262720

Application of GIS in foreign direct investment decision support system

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhou, Jianlan; Sun, Koumei

2007-06-01

It is important to make decisions on how to attract foreign direct investment (FDI) to China and know how the inequality of FDI introduction by locational different provinces. Following background descriptions on China's FDI economic environments and FDI-related policies, this paper demonstrates the uses of geographical information system (GIS) and multi-criterion decision-making (MCDM) framework in solving a spatial multi-objective problem of evaluating and ranking China's provinces for FDI introduction. It implements a foreign direct investment decision support system, which reveals the main determinants of FDI in China and gives some results of regional geographical analysis over spatial data.

Impacts of foreign direct investment on efficiency in Swedish manufacturing.

PubMed

Svedin, Dick; Stage, Jesper

2016-01-01

A number of studies have found that foreign direct investment (FDI) can have positive impacts on productivity. However, while FDI has clearly positive impacts on technology transfers, its effects on resource use within firms is less clear and, in principle, efficiency losses might offset some of the productivity gains associated with improved technologies. In this paper, we study the impacts of FDI on efficiency in Swedish manufacturing. We find that foreign ownership has positive impacts on efficiency, supporting the earlier findings on productivity.

22 CFR 210.640 - Employee.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 22 Foreign Relations 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Employee. 210.640 Section 210.640 Foreign... (FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE) Definitions § 210.640 Employee. (a) Employee means the employee of a recipient directly engaged in the performance of work under the award, including— (1) All direct charge employees; (2...

22 CFR 312.640 - Employee.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 22 Foreign Relations 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 true Employee. 312.640 Section 312.640 Foreign... § 312.640 Employee. (a) Employee means the employee of a recipient directly engaged in the performance of work under the award, including— (1) All direct charge employees; (2) All indirect charge...

22 CFR 1509.640 - Employee.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 22 Foreign Relations 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 true Employee. 1509.640 Section 1509.640 Foreign... ASSISTANCE) Definitions § 1509.640 Employee. (a) Employee means the employee of a recipient directly engaged in the performance of work under the award, including— (1) All direct charge employees; (2) All...

22 CFR 133.640 - Employee.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 22 Foreign Relations 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Employee. 133.640 Section 133.640 Foreign... ASSISTANCE) Definitions § 133.640 Employee. (a) Employee means the employee of a recipient directly engaged in the performance of work under the award, including— (1) All direct charge employees; (2) All...

22 CFR 1008.640 - Employee.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 22 Foreign Relations 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 true Employee. 1008.640 Section 1008.640 Foreign... ASSISTANCE) Definitions § 1008.640 Employee. (a) Employee means the employee of a recipient directly engaged in the performance of work under the award, including— (1) All direct charge employees; (2) All...

15 CFR 806.5 - Confidentiality.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 15 Commerce and Foreign Trade 3 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Confidentiality. 806.5 Section 806.5 Commerce and Foreign Trade Regulations Relating to Commerce and Foreign Trade (Continued) BUREAU OF ECONOMIC ANALYSIS, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE DIRECT INVESTMENT SURVEYS § 806.5 Confidentiality. Information...

Soviet International Finance in the Gorbachev Era

DTIC Science & Technology

1991-01-01

purposes of Soviet international finance. With the elimination of the Ministry of Foreign Trade’s monopoly on foreign trade transactions, other...ministries, foreign trade organiza- tions, enterprises, and republican governments have for the first time engaged directly in international commercial...typically foreign trade organizations and republican vii governments-appeared in international credit markets in 1989, they received much less favorable

East Europe Report

DTIC Science & Technology

1986-08-29

character exported or imported in a direct form, whereby their material shape does not represent the actual utility value. Intangible foreign trade can...3G0172 JPRS-EER-86-132 29 AUGUST 1986 •^SÄTSSist East Europe Report DTIC QHAi^ 19980729 027 FBIS FOREIGN BROADCAST INFORMATION SERVICE...primarily from foreign newspapers, periodicals and books, but also from news agency transmissions and broadcasts. Materials from foreign -language

15 CFR 701.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... Export Sales—Exports that are either Foreign Military Sales (FMS) or commercial (direct) sales of defense...) Example 7. Company A, a U.S. firm, makes an investment in Company B, a foreign firm located in country C... categorized as investment and would be direct because the investment involves an item covered by the offset...

14 CFR 380.34 - Security and depository agreements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... charter operator for that charter. (2) The direct air carrier and charter operator or foreign charter... operator or foreign charter operator shall furnish a security agreement in an amount for not less than the... charter operator with respect to the charter. (b) The direct air carrier and the charter operator or...

Report on the Audit of Foreign Direct Selling Costs

DTIC Science & Technology

1990-09-18

This is our final report on the Audit of Foreign Direct Selling Costs. The Contract Management Directorate made the audit from October 1989 to...The objective of the audit was to assess whether DoD regulations provided the appropriate incentives to stimulate exports by the. U.S. Defense

15 CFR 806.2 - Recordkeeping requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 15 Commerce and Foreign Trade 3 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Recordkeeping requirements. 806.2 Section 806.2 Commerce and Foreign Trade Regulations Relating to Commerce and Foreign Trade (Continued) BUREAU OF ECONOMIC ANALYSIS, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE DIRECT INVESTMENT SURVEYS § 806.2 Recordkeeping...

32 CFR 165.3 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... Defense. Production costs for the foreign military sales program and known direct commercial sales... cost pool comprises costs described in paragraph (e), of this section. (b) Foreign military sale. A sale by the U.S. Government of defense items or defense services to a foreign government or...

15 CFR 806.13 - Miscellaneous.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 15 Commerce and Foreign Trade 3 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Miscellaneous. 806.13 Section 806.13 Commerce and Foreign Trade Regulations Relating to Commerce and Foreign Trade (Continued) BUREAU OF ECONOMIC ANALYSIS, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE DIRECT INVESTMENT SURVEYS § 806.13 Miscellaneous. (a) Accounting...

15 CFR 806.13 - Miscellaneous.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 15 Commerce and Foreign Trade 3 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Miscellaneous. 806.13 Section 806.13 Commerce and Foreign Trade Regulations Relating to Commerce and Foreign Trade (Continued) BUREAU OF ECONOMIC ANALYSIS, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE DIRECT INVESTMENT SURVEYS § 806.13 Miscellaneous. (a) Accounting...

The Lewisian turning point and international migration: the case of Japan.

PubMed

Watanabe, S

1994-01-01

"This article critically examines the Lewisian turning point [concerning the availability of unlimited manpower resources] in light of Japan's experience since the mid-1800s. Japan reached its Lewisian turning point around 1960. Contrary to the assumptions of the theory however, the findings for Japan indicate that political factors have been more determinative of the rate of migration than purely economic ones. Prior to its turning point in 1960, international relations, war and forced repatriation were the decisive factors. Recently, though the inflow of foreign workers to fill labor shortages has increased, so also has the outflow of Japanese to accompany direct foreign investment." excerpt

Foreign direct investment, institutional development, and environmental externalities: evidence from China.

PubMed

Wang, Danny T; Chen, Wendy Y

2014-03-15

The question of how foreign direct investment (FDI) affects a host country's natural environment has generated much debate but little consensus. Building on an institution-based theory, this article examines how the institutional development of a host setting affects the degree of FDI-related environmental externalities in China (specifically, industrial sulfur dioxide emissions). With a panel data set of 287 Chinese cities, over the period 2002-2009, this study reveals that FDI in general induces negative environmental externalities. Investments from OECD countries increase sulfur dioxide emissions, whereas FDI from Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan shows no significant effect. Institutional development reduces the impacts of FDI across the board. By focusing on the moderating role of institutions, this study sheds new light on the long-debated relationships among FDI, institutions, and the environments of the host countries. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Migration-driven aggregation behaviors in job markets with direct foreign immigration

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sun, Ruoyan

2014-09-01

This Letter introduces a new set of rate equations describing migration-driven aggregation behaviors in job markets with direct foreign immigration. We divide the job market into two groups: native and immigrant. A reversible migration of jobs exists in both groups. The interaction between two groups creates a birth and death rate for the native job market. We find out that regardless of initial conditions or the rates, the total number of cities with either job markets decreases. This indicates a more concentrated job markets for both groups in the future. On the other hand, jobs available for immigrants increase over time but the ones for natives are uncertain. The native job markets can either expand or shrink or remain constant due to combined effects of birth and death rates. Finally, we test our analytical results with the population data of all counties in the US from 2000 to 2011.

14 CFR Appendix A to Part 212 - Certificated or Foreign Air Carrier's Surety Bond Under Part 212 of the Regulations of the...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 4 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Certificated or Foreign Air Carrier's... (AVIATION PROCEEDINGS) ECONOMIC REGULATIONS CHARTER RULES FOR U.S. AND FOREIGN DIRECT AIR CARRIERS Pt. 212, App. A Appendix A to Part 212—Certificated or Foreign Air Carrier's Surety Bond Under Part 212 of the...

14 CFR Appendix A to Part 212 - Certificated or Foreign Air Carrier's Surety Bond Under Part 212 of the Regulations of the...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 4 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Certificated or Foreign Air Carrier's... (AVIATION PROCEEDINGS) ECONOMIC REGULATIONS CHARTER RULES FOR U.S. AND FOREIGN DIRECT AIR CARRIERS Pt. 212, App. A Appendix A to Part 212—Certificated or Foreign Air Carrier's Surety Bond Under Part 212 of the...

14 CFR Appendix A to Part 212 - Certificated or Foreign Air Carrier's Surety Bond Under Part 212 of the Regulations of the...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 4 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Certificated or Foreign Air Carrier's... (AVIATION PROCEEDINGS) ECONOMIC REGULATIONS CHARTER RULES FOR U.S. AND FOREIGN DIRECT AIR CARRIERS Pt. 212, App. A Appendix A to Part 212—Certificated or Foreign Air Carrier's Surety Bond Under Part 212 of the...

14 CFR Appendix A to Part 212 - Certificated or Foreign Air Carrier's Surety Bond Under Part 212 of the Regulations of the...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 4 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Certificated or Foreign Air Carrier's... (AVIATION PROCEEDINGS) ECONOMIC REGULATIONS CHARTER RULES FOR U.S. AND FOREIGN DIRECT AIR CARRIERS Pt. 212, App. A Appendix A to Part 212—Certificated or Foreign Air Carrier's Surety Bond Under Part 212 of the...

14 CFR Appendix A to Part 212 - Certificated or Foreign Air Carrier's Surety Bond Under Part 212 of the Regulations of the...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 4 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Certificated or Foreign Air Carrier's... (AVIATION PROCEEDINGS) ECONOMIC REGULATIONS CHARTER RULES FOR U.S. AND FOREIGN DIRECT AIR CARRIERS Pt. 212, App. A Appendix A to Part 212—Certificated or Foreign Air Carrier's Surety Bond Under Part 212 of the...

Enhancing Employability Skills through the Use of Film in the Language Classroom

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Daly, Selena

2016-01-01

Employability is increasingly becoming a central aspect of higher education in the United Kingdom and it is becoming imperative that modern foreign languages teachers engage directly and sincerely with the employability agenda. This article proposes the use of feature films as a successful method for developing and promoting employability skills…

75 FR 52989 - Specialty Minerals, Inc., Franklin, VA; Notice of Negative Determination Regarding Application...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-08-30

... Register on July 1, 2010 (75 FR 38142). The workers produced precipitated calcium carbonate used in the... precipitated calcium carbonate from the subject firm to a foreign country; nor was there any increase in imports of articles like or directly competitive with precipitated calcium carbonate produced at the...

75 FR 69469 - Supermedia, LLC, Formerly Known as Idearc Media, LLC, a Subsidiary of Supermedia Information...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-11-12

... Known as Idearc Media, LLC, a Subsidiary of Supermedia Information Services, LLC, Troy, NY; Notice of... the findings that worker separations are not attributable to increased imports of articles like or directly competitive with telephone directories or a shift/acquisition of these articles to a foreign...

Coping with increasing water and land resources limitation for meeting world's food needs: the role of virtual water and virtual land trade

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Soriano, Barbara; Garrido, Alberto; Novo, Paula

2013-04-01

Increasing pressure to expand agriculture production is giving rise to renewed interest to obtain access to land and water resources in the world. Water footprint evaluations show the importance of green water in global food trade and production. Green water and land are almost inseparable resources. In this work we analyse the role of foreign direct investment and cooperation programmes from developed countries in developing counties, focusing on virtual water trade and associated resources. We develop econometric models with the aim to explain observed trends in virtual water exports from developing countries as explained by the inverse flow of investments and cooperation programmes. We analyse the main 19 emerging food exporters, from Africa, Asia and America, using 15 years of data. Results show that land per capita availability and foreign direct investments explain observed flows of virtual water exports. However, there is no causality with these and flows cooperation investments. Our analysis sheds light on the underlying forces explaining the phenomenon of land grab, which is the appropriation of land access in developing countries by food-importers.

15 CFR 806.8 - Real estate.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 15 Commerce and Foreign Trade 3 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Real estate. 806.8 Section 806.8 Commerce and Foreign Trade Regulations Relating to Commerce and Foreign Trade (Continued) BUREAU OF ECONOMIC ANALYSIS, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE DIRECT INVESTMENT SURVEYS § 806.8 Real estate. Residential real...

15 CFR 806.6 - Penalties.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 15 Commerce and Foreign Trade 3 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Penalties. 806.6 Section 806.6 Commerce and Foreign Trade Regulations Relating to Commerce and Foreign Trade (Continued) BUREAU OF ECONOMIC ANALYSIS, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE DIRECT INVESTMENT SURVEYS § 806.6 Penalties. (a) Whoever fails to...

Foreign Language Education Policy on the Horizon

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hult, Francis M.

2018-01-01

Language policy has developed into a major area of research that continues to expand and develop. This article examines potential directions for cross-pollination between the fields of language policy and foreign language education. First, publication trends are examined. Database searches were conducted for the journals "Foreign Language…

Insurance status as a risk factor for foreign body ingestion or aspiration.

PubMed

Arjmand, E M; Muntz, H R; Stratmann, S L

1997-10-18

To determine whether the lack of private health insurance places children at increased risk for foreign body ingestion or aspiration. Retrospective review. St. Louis Children's Hospital, a tertiary care center. Consecutive sample of 125 patients with esophageal or airway foreign bodies. Fifty percent of all patients had private health insurance. Fifty-six percent of all preschool patients and 20% of all school-age patients were uninsured (P < 0.01, Fisher's exact test). Eighty-five percent of patients with airway foreign bodies, and 84% of patients with esophageal foreign bodies were in the preschool group. Sixty-one percent of preschool patients and 21% of school-age patients with esophageal foreign bodies were uninsured (P < 0.05). Forty-six percent of preschool patients with food aspiration lacked health insurance (88% of these children were fed the aspirated item). No school-age group was available for comparison. Fifty percent of preschool children with aspiration of non food items were uninsured, as were 16% of their school-age counterparts. Insurance status must be considered as a risk factor for foreign body aspiration and ingestion. Preschool children are more likely to lack private health insurance than school-age children with the same diagnosis. In a majority of aspiration events, the child was being fed the inappropriate food item, perhaps indicating a lack of caretaker education and anticipatory guidance. A direct focus on 'passive protection', anticipatory guidance in clinics for all patients, and public education with emphasis on preventive care are proposed as means to decrease the incidence of airway and esophageal foreign bodies in children.

Health in All (Foreign) Policy: challenges in achieving coherence.

PubMed

Labonté, Ronald

2014-06-01

Health in All Policies (HiAP) approach is generally perceived as an intersectoral approach to national or sub-national public policy development, such that health outcomes are given full consideration by non-health sectors. Globalization, however, has created numerous 'inherently global health issues' with cross-border causes and consequences, requiring new forms of global governance for health. Although such governance often includes both state and non-state (private, civil society) actors in agenda setting and influence, different actors have differing degrees of power and authority and, ultimately, it is states that ratify intergovernmental covenants or normative declarations that directly or indirectly affect health. This requires public health and health promotion practitioners working within countries to give increased attention to the foreign policies of their national governments. These foreign policies include those governing national security, foreign aid, trade and investment as well as the traditional forms of diplomacy. A new term has been coined to describe how health is coming to be positioned in governments' foreign policies: global health diplomacy. To become adept at this nuanced diplomatic practice requires familiarity with the different policy frames by which health might be inserted into the foreign policy deliberations, and thence intergovernmental/global governance negotiations. This article discusses six such frames (security, trade, development, global public goods, human rights, ethical/moral reasoning) that have been analytically useful in assessing the potential for greater and more health-promoting foreign policy coherence: a 'Health in All (Foreign) Policies' approach. © The Author 2014. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com.

77 FR 37376 - Proposed Information Collection; Comment Request; Foreign Ocean Carriers' Expenses in the United...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-06-21

... Request; Foreign Ocean Carriers' Expenses in the United States ACTION: Notice. SUMMARY: The Department of...:00 p.m. August 20, 2012. ADDRESSES: Direct all written comments to Jennifer Jessup, Departmental..., DC 20230, or via the Internet at [email protected] . FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Direct requests...

77 FR 41371 - Proposed Information Collection; Comment Request; Foreign Airline Operators' Revenues and...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-07-13

... Request; Foreign Airline Operators' Revenues and Expenses in the United States ACTION: Notice. SUMMARY... or before 5 p.m. September 11, 2012. ADDRESSES: Direct all written comments to Jennifer Jessup...., Washington, DC 20230, or via email at [email protected] . FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Direct requests for...

Oil and gas taxation in Algeria: exploration and production activities

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Frilet, M.

1982-09-01

The Algerian taxation scheme for foreign companies involved in the petroleum sector is profoundly different depending on whether the company is directly involved in exploration and production or is merely acting as a service company or contractor. This article discusses Algerian taxation of foreign companies directly involved in production and exploration.

Increased fertility of Corynebacterium glutamicum recipients in intergeneric matings with Escherichia coli after stress exposure.

PubMed Central

Schäfer, A; Kalinowski, J; Pühler, A

1994-01-01

Corynebacterial recipient cells exposed to heat, organic solvents, pH shifts, or detergents show an increased fertility in subsequent interspecific matings with Escherichia coli. This effect is independent of de novo protein biosynthesis and seems to be due to a direct inactivation of a restriction system active against foreign DNA that enters the cell by IncP-mediated conjugation. Images PMID:8135527

26 CFR 1.861-12T - Characterization rules and adjustments for certain assets (temporary).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... income. As a result of this direct allocation, the value of X's assets generating foreign source general... characterizing the stock in controlled foreign corporations. Paragraph (c)(4) of this section describes the... foreign corporations. Paragraph (e) of this section describes the treatment of certain portfolio...

15 CFR 806.9 - Airlines and ship operators.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 15 Commerce and Foreign Trade 3 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Airlines and ship operators. 806.9 Section 806.9 Commerce and Foreign Trade Regulations Relating to Commerce and Foreign Trade (Continued) BUREAU OF ECONOMIC ANALYSIS, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE DIRECT INVESTMENT SURVEYS § 806.9 Airlines and ship...

17 CFR 30.4 - Registration required.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... foreign options customers. (d) To solicit or enter into an agreement to direct, or to guide such customer... Section 30.4 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION FOREIGN FUTURES AND FOREIGN OPTIONS TRANSACTIONS § 30.4 Registration required. Except as provided in § 30.5 of this part, it...

15 CFR 2004.2 - Authority and functions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... international trade and direct investment policy, advise and assist the President, represent the United States... 15 Commerce and Foreign Trade 3 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Authority and functions. 2004.2 Section 2004.2 Commerce and Foreign Trade Regulations Relating to Foreign Trade Agreements OFFICE OF THE...

22 CFR 909.3 - Board recommendation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 22 Foreign Relations 2 2011-04-01 2009-04-01 true Board recommendation. 909.3 Section 909.3 Foreign Relations FOREIGN SERVICE GRIEVANCE BOARD DECISIONMAKING § 909.3 Board recommendation. Where the Board's decision is a recommendation, it shall be directed to the head of the Agency. A copy of the...

22 CFR 909.3 - Board recommendation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 22 Foreign Relations 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 true Board recommendation. 909.3 Section 909.3 Foreign Relations FOREIGN SERVICE GRIEVANCE BOARD DECISIONMAKING § 909.3 Board recommendation. Where the Board's decision is a recommendation, it shall be directed to the head of the Agency. A copy of the...

Indiana University's Foreign Language Dialog, Volume 14, Number 1: The President's Commission.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Strasheim, Lorraine A.

Excerpts from the first "Bulletin" of the President's Commission on Foreign Language and International Studies and an outline of the coordinator's presentation to the Chicago hearing are presented. The objectives of the commission include recommending means for directing public attention to the importance of foreign language and…

76 FR 22676 - Proposed Information Collection; Comment Request; Foreign Fishing Vessel Permit Applications

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-04-22

... Collection; Comment Request; Foreign Fishing Vessel Permit Applications AGENCY: National Oceanic and... Conservation and Management Act and regulations at 50 CFR 600, Subpart F, provide for the issuance of fishing... should be issued to authorize directed foreign fishing, participation in joint ventures with United...

26 CFR 1.883-3T - Treatment of controlled foreign corporations (temporary).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

.... person means a U.S. citizen, resident alien, domestic corporation, or domestic trust described in section..., directly or indirectly, by or for a domestic partnership, domestic trust not described in section 501(a... foreign intermediary (including a foreign corporation, partnership, trust, or estate), and mere legal...

The Impact of Foreign Accent on Credibility: An Analysis of Cognitive Statement Ratings in a Swiss Context.

PubMed

Stocker, Ladina

2017-06-01

The present paper reports on a study investigating whether the presence of a foreign accent negatively affects credibility judgments. Previous research suggests that trivia statements recorded by speakers with a foreign accent are judged as less credible than when recorded by native speakers due to increased cognitive demands (Lev-Ari and Keysar in J Exp Soc Psychol 46(6):1093-1096, 2010. doi: 10.1016/j.jesp.2010.05.025 ). In the present study, 194 French- and 183 Swiss-German-speaking participants were asked to judge the truthfulness of 48 trivia statements recorded by speakers with French, Swiss-German, Italian and English accents by means of an online survey. Before submitting the survey, raters were asked to attribute given labels-including adjectives referring to credibility-to a language group aiming to elicit raters' stereotypes in a direct manner. Although the results of this task indicate that the raters do hold different stereotypes concerning credibility of speech communities, foreign accent does not seem to have an impact on credibility ratings in the Swiss context.

Effects of EFL Individual Learner Variables on Foreign Language Reading Anxiety and Metacognitive Reading Strategy Use.

PubMed

Lien, Hsin-Yi

2016-08-01

Past research has shown an association between foreign language reading anxiety and reading strategy. However, individual variables tend to affect foreign language anxiety and strategy use. The present study examined a hypothesized model that specified direct and indirect effects among English and foreign languages readers' distinct variables, including academic level; self-perceived English level; and satisfaction with reading proficiency, reading anxiety, and metacognitive awareness of reading strategies. A total of 523 volunteer Taiwanese college students provided 372 valid responses to a written questionnaire (281 women and 91 men; M age = 19.7 years, SD = 1.1) containing the translated versions of Foreign Language Reading Anxiety Scale, Survey of Reading Strategies Inventory, and self-assessment background questionnaire. The results showed that self-evaluation of reading proficiency did not correlate with academic level and readers' perceptions. Satisfaction had a direct effect on foreign language reading anxiety but not on metacognitive awareness of reading strategies. Results of path analysis demonstrated that the perception learners who had their own reading proficiency predicted their foreign language reading anxiety and was a mediating variable for metacognitive reading strategy use. © The Author(s) 2016.

Investing in Education: Pakistan as a Traditional Society in a Modern World

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Nauman, Sarwat

2015-01-01

Developing countries have seen a direct influence of foreign players on their educational policies. This influence of foreign players on the Pakistani educational policy has been direct and prominent after 9/11 attacks. This paper looks into the effectiveness of money spent by the donor nations to malign the effect of Islamization in the Pakistani…

22 CFR 72.30 - Provisions in a will or advanced directive regarding disposition of remains.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 22 Foreign Relations 1 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Provisions in a will or advanced directive regarding disposition of remains. 72.30 Section 72.30 Foreign Relations DEPARTMENT OF STATE PROTECTION AND WELFARE OF AMERICANS, THEIR PROPERTY AND ESTATES DEATHS AND ESTATES Real Property Overseas Belonging to A...

15 CFR 806.18 - OMB control numbers assigned to the Paperwork Reduction Act.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 15 Commerce and Foreign Trade 3 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false OMB control numbers assigned to the Paperwork Reduction Act. 806.18 Section 806.18 Commerce and Foreign Trade Regulations Relating to Commerce and Foreign Trade (Continued) BUREAU OF ECONOMIC ANALYSIS, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE DIRECT INVESTMENT...

34 CFR 85.215 - Which nonprocurement transactions are not covered transactions?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... transactions: (a) A direct award to— (1) A foreign government or foreign governmental entity; (2) A public international organization; (3) An entity owned (in whole or in part) or controlled by a foreign government; or... governmental entities. (b) A benefit to an individual as a personal entitlement without regard to the...

21 CFR 1404.215 - Which nonprocurement transactions are not covered transactions?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... transactions: (a) A direct award to— (1) A foreign government or foreign governmental entity; (2) A public international organization; (3) An entity owned (in whole or in part) or controlled by a foreign government; or... governmental entities. (b) A benefit to an individual as a personal entitlement without regard to the...

22 CFR 1006.215 - Which nonprocurement transactions are not covered transactions?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... transactions: (a) A direct award to— (1) A foreign government or foreign governmental entity; (2) A public international organization; (3) An entity owned (in whole or in part) or controlled by a foreign government; or... governmental entities. (b) A benefit to an individual as a personal entitlement without regard to the...

2 CFR 180.215 - Which nonprocurement transactions are not covered transactions?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... transactions: (a) A direct award to— (1) A foreign government or foreign governmental entity; (2) A public international organization; (3) An entity owned (in whole or in part) or controlled by a foreign government; or... governmental entities. (b) A benefit to an individual as a personal entitlement without regard to the...

22 CFR 1508.215 - Which nonprocurement transactions are not covered transactions?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... transactions: (a) A direct award to— (1) A foreign government or foreign governmental entity; (2) A public international organization; (3) An entity owned (in whole or in part) or controlled by a foreign government; or... governmental entities. (b) A benefit to an individual as a personal entitlement without regard to the...

77 FR 41372 - Proposed Information Collection; Comment Request; Ocean Freight Revenues and Foreign Expenses of...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-07-13

... Request; Ocean Freight Revenues and Foreign Expenses of United States Carriers (Form BE-30) and U.S. Airline Operators' Foreign Revenues and Expenses (Form BE-37) ACTION: Notice. SUMMARY: The Department of...:00 p.m. September 11, 2012. ADDRESSES: Direct all written comments to Jennifer Jessup, Departmental...

75 FR 75674 - Agency Information Collection Activities: Proposed Collection Renewals; Comment Request

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-12-06

... grant exemptions on request in appropriate circumstances. 3. Title: Foreign Branching and Investment by... nonmember banks to obtain FDIC consent to establish or operate a branch in a foreign country, or to acquire and hold, directly or indirectly, stock or other evidence of ownership in any foreign bank or other...

The effects of networks on U.S. institution selection by foreign doctoral students in science and engineering

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tanyildiz, Zeynep Esra

The United States has been a very attractive destination for foreign Science and Engineering (S&E) graduate students and postdoctoral scholars for a considerable period of time. Several studies have documented significant contributions of foreign students and foreign scientists in S&E. These contributions in turn foster economic development. Recent studies suggest, however, that the U.S. is losing its dominance in attracting foreign talent. Increased competition outside the U.S. contributes to the change as do changes in visa regulations. Despite the important role of foreign doctoral students in the U.S., relatively little is known about factors influencing their decision to attend an institution. One factor that is rarely explored is the effect of networks on institution selection. Through their networks, students learn about application procedures, studying at an institution, housing opportunities, general culture and people. In doing this, they draw both on the experience of the alumni as well as the support of current students and faculty at their target institution. Thus, networks can play an important role in where foreign doctoral students actually end up studying. This study aims to provide both qualitative and quantitative information about the role networks play in foreign doctoral students' institution selection. This three-part study utilizes different methodologies: (1) focus group interviews conducted with Turkish doctoral students at the Georgia Institute of Technology; (2) a web study of research laboratories in science and engineering; and (3) the estimation of Random Utility Model (RUM) of institution selection. These three components build on each other, in addition to the individual contributions that they make. Together they provide an in-depth and comprehensive analysis of the role of networks. The results from guided focus group interviews indicate that students, alumni, faculty and local community of the same nationality influence institution choice in various ways. Such as, students provide information about the programs, and alumni introduce applicants to their former professors. Further, in the web study of research laboratories, we find strong evidence that labs that are directed by foreign-born faculty are more likely to be populated by students from the same country of origin than are labs that are directed by native faculty. These results point to the critical role foreign-born lab directors play and support the result from the focus group interviews that the presence of compatriots in their labs creates a comfortable lab environment that makes communication and information exchange easier. The last analysis tests the effects of networks on foreign students' institution selection, using a Random Utility Model (RUM). We find a strong and significant relationship between the number of existing students from a country of origin at an institution and the probability of attending that institution for potential applicants from the same country of origin. The relationship is non linear, increasing at a decreasing rate. Also, in some of the models there is evidence that alumni and faculty from the same origin also play a role in student choice. The results of this study have several policy implications. First, the strong network effect found raises the issue of the degree of integration of foreign doctoral students at an institution. Clearly, foreign students cluster in certain institutions. Second, this study provides insight about the possible "mismatch" between the students and institutions. Specifically, foreign doctoral students could choose to attend institutions, not because these institutions are the best match given their qualifications, but because they provide them with the highest level of psychosocial support. Third, the findings suggest that foreign born faculty play a role in generating new enrollments from their home country as well as in staffing labs, as the web study suggests. Finally, this study draws attention to issues related to staying in the country after graduation.

Conflict management styles of Asian and Asian American nurses: implications for the nurse manager.

PubMed

Xu, Yu; Davidhizar, Ruth

2004-01-01

Foreign nurses and American nurses who are culturally diverse make up an increasing number of the US nursing workforce. Of foreign nurses, Asians constitute the largest number. Conflict is an inevitable aspect of human relations in health care settings. Nurses and other health team members with diverse cultural background bring to the workplace different conflict behaviors that directly impact the outcomes of conflicts. It is essential for health care team members and managers to be cognizant of different conflict behaviors as well as different conflict management styles so that strategies can be designed to build a culturally diverse health care team that is able to effectively achieve group and organizational objectives.

Full spectrum of psychiatric disorders related to foreign migration: a Danish population-based cohort study.

PubMed

Cantor-Graae, Elizabeth; Pedersen, Carsten B

2013-04-01

Although increased risk for schizophrenia among immigrants is well established, knowledge of the broader spectrum of psychiatric disorders associated with a foreign migration background is lacking. To examine the full range of psychiatric disorders associated with any type of foreign migration background among persons residing in Denmark, including foreign-born adoptees, first- and second-generation immigrants, native Danes with a history of foreign residence, and persons born abroad to Danish expatriates. Danish population-based cohort study. Persons were followed up from their 10th birthday for the development of mental disorders based on outpatient and inpatient data. All persons born between January 1, 1971, and December 31, 2000 (N = 1 859 419) residing in Denmark by their 10th birthday with follow-up data to December 31, 2010. Incidence rate ratios (IRRs) and cumulative incidences for psychiatric outcomes. All categories of foreign migration background, except persons born abroad to Danish expatriates, were associated with increased risk for at least 1 psychiatric disorder. Foreign-born adoptees had increased IRRs for all psychiatric disorders and had the highest IRRs for these disorders compared with other foreign migration categories. First- and second-generation immigrants having 2 foreign-born parents had significantly increased IRRs for schizophrenia and schizophrenia spectrum disorders and had similar risk magnitudes. Second-generation immigrants having 1 foreign-born parent had significantly increased IRRs for all psychiatric disorders. Native Danes with a history of foreign residence had increased IRRs for bipolar affective disorder, affective disorders, personality disorders, and schizophrenia spectrum disorders. The extent to which a background of foreign migration confers an increased risk for the broad spectrum of psychiatric disorders varies according to parental origin, with greatest risks for foreign-born adoptees. The spectrum of psychiatric disorders showed greater variation within the second-generation immigrant group than between first-generation vs second-generation immigrants, and the spectrum differed according to whether individuals had 1 or 2 foreign-born parents.

An Analysis of U.S. Foreign Direct Investment Policy and Economic Development. A.I.D. Discussion Paper No. 36.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bergsten, C. Fred; De Castro, Bruce

The purpose of the paper is to analyze U.S. policies toward financial investment in developing nations. The paper is presented in two sections. In section I, the controversial effects of direct foreign investment on development are discussed. Case studies of investment policies toward India, the Philippines, Ghana, Guatemala, and Argentina are…

Bilateral foreign direct investment in forest industry between the U.S. and Canada

Treesearch

Rao V Nagubadi; Daowei Zhang

2011-01-01

In this study we examine the trends and various factors influencing bilateral foreign direct investment (FDI) in the U.S. and Canadian forest industry between 1989 and 2008. Using panel data analysis methods, we find that bilateral FDI is positively influenced by depreciation of host country's real exchange rates and exchange rate volatility, and home country...

34 CFR 600.56 - Additional criteria for determining whether a foreign veterinary school is eligible to apply to...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... veterinary school is eligible to apply to participate in the Direct Loan Program. 600.56 Section 600.56... (FFEL) Programs § 600.56 Additional criteria for determining whether a foreign veterinary school is... veterinary school to be eligible to apply to participate in the Direct Loan Program if, in addition to...

26 CFR 1.961-2 - Reduction in basis of stock in foreign corporations and of other property.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... (iii) Beneficial interest in a foreign estate or trust (as defined in section 7701(a)(31)), with... directly or indirectly through a chain of ownership described in section 958(a)(2). (2) Limitation on... distributed directly or indirectly through a chain of ownership described in section 958(a)(2). (b) Reduction...

Foreign body aspiration and language spoken at home: 10-year review.

PubMed

Choroomi, S; Curotta, J

2011-07-01

To review foreign body aspiration cases encountered over a 10-year period in a tertiary paediatric hospital, and to assess correlation between foreign body type and language spoken at home. Retrospective chart review of all children undergoing direct laryngobronchoscopy for foreign body aspiration over a 10-year period. Age, sex, foreign body type, complications, hospital stay and home language were analysed. At direct laryngobronchoscopy, 132 children had foreign body aspiration (male:female ratio 1.31:1; mean age 32 months (2.67 years)). Mean hospital stay was 2.0 days. Foreign bodies most commonly comprised food matter (53/132; 40.1 per cent), followed by non-food matter (44/132; 33.33 per cent), a negative endoscopy (11/132; 8.33 per cent) and unknown composition (24/132; 18.2 per cent). Most parents spoke English (92/132, 69.7 per cent; vs non-English-speaking 40/132, 30.3 per cent), but non-English-speaking patients had disproportionately more food foreign bodies, and significantly more nut aspirations (p = 0.0065). Results constitute level 2b evidence. Patients from non-English speaking backgrounds had a significantly higher incidence of food (particularly nut) aspiration. Awareness-raising and public education is needed in relevant communities to prevent certain foods, particularly nuts, being given to children too young to chew and swallow them adequately.

78 FR 41314 - Review of Foreign Ownership Policies for Common Carrier and Aeronautical Radio Licensees

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-07-10

... individuals, governments, and corporations in U.S.-organized entities that directly or indirectly control a U....-organized entities that do not control the licensee, to the extent the Commission determines such foreign... foreign investment that may pose a risk of harm to important national policies. WTO and Non-WTO Investment...

The Meaning of Foreign Investment in the Chinese Economy. Training Discussion Paper No. 39.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Castro, Claudio de Moura

As the Chinese economy opens up to the outside world, the decision to engage in joint ventures with foreign capital is among the most important national policies. Significant direct consequences of joint ventures are the influx of foreign capital, expanding exports, and employment creation. However, the great importance of joint ventures lies in…

17 CFR 270.17f-5 - Custody of investment company assets outside the United States.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

...-owned direct or indirect subsidiary of a U.S. Bank or bank-holding company. (2) Foreign Assets means any investments (including foreign currencies) for which the primary market is outside the United States, and any... investments. (3) Foreign Custody Manager means a Fund's or a Registered Canadian Fund's board of directors or...

The Overwhelmed Generation and Foreign Language Teacher Preparation: Developing Strategies to Work with the Mental Health Challenges of Preservice Teachers

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Schrier, Leslie L.

2008-01-01

For the last two decades the foreign language education profession has spent considerable energy establishing professional guidelines for foreign language teacher preparation. This article discusses research that suggests that the profession should now direct its energies toward developing protocols to assist preservice teachers whose mental…

National and State Needs for Foreign Language Learning in Government, Business, Tourism, and Agriculture.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hoegl, Juergen K.

There is growing evidence that the need for cultural understanding and foreign language competence in the United States and in Illinois is not being met. This need must be addressed through state educational reform. The deterioration in foreign language capabilities affects national security and is a direct result of declining enrollment in…

A National Plan for a Use-Oriented Foreign Language System. NFLC Position Papers.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lambert, Richard D.

The significant progress made in the United States' foreign language education system in recent decades is not enough. If the current system is to expand adult foreign language competency and use, both a change of perspective and a new organizational superstructure are necessary to serve those needs more directly, which in turn demands a…

Future Directions for the Learning of Languages in Universities: Challenges and Opportunities

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Pauwels, Anne

2011-01-01

The place of foreign language learning in education has a rich and diverse history since the introduction of compulsory schooling, with some countries including the learning of a foreign language as a compulsory part of the curriculum, whilst in others foreign language learning is seen as an optional subject suited for more academically minded…

32 CFR 2001.55 - Foreign disclosure of classified information.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... foreign government or international organization of governments, or any element thereof, in accordance... Intelligence may issue policy directives or guidelines pursuant to section 6.2(b) of the Order that modify such...

32 CFR 2001.55 - Foreign disclosure of classified information.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... foreign government or international organization of governments, or any element thereof, in accordance... Intelligence may issue policy directives or guidelines pursuant to section 6.2(b) of the Order that modify such...

32 CFR 2001.55 - Foreign disclosure of classified information.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... foreign government or international organization of governments, or any element thereof, in accordance... Intelligence may issue policy directives or guidelines pursuant to section 6.2(b) of the Order that modify such...

32 CFR 2001.55 - Foreign disclosure of classified information.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... foreign government or international organization of governments, or any element thereof, in accordance... Intelligence may issue policy directives or guidelines pursuant to section 6.2(b) of the Order that modify such...

32 CFR 2001.55 - Foreign disclosure of classified information.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... foreign government or international organization of governments, or any element thereof, in accordance... Intelligence may issue policy directives or guidelines pursuant to section 6.2(b) of the Order that modify such...

22 CFR 133.660 - Recipient.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 22 Foreign Relations 1 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Recipient. 133.660 Section 133.660 Foreign... ASSISTANCE) Definitions § 133.660 Recipient. Recipient means any individual, corporation, partnership... award directly from a Federal agency. ...

Foreign direct investment outflows in the forest products industry: the case of the United States and Japan

Treesearch

R.V. Nagubadi; D. Zhang

2008-01-01

This paper investigates the determinants of foreign direct investment (FDI) outflows from two major forest product importing countries: the U.S. and Japan. Exchange rate, per capita income, cost of capital, and cost of labour in host countries have significant impacts on the FDI outflows from these two countries. A complementary relationship is found between forest...

15 CFR 13.8 - Opportunity to comment on proposed Federal financial assistance and direct Federal development.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 15 Commerce and Foreign Trade 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Opportunity to comment on proposed Federal financial assistance and direct Federal development. 13.8 Section 13.8 Commerce and Foreign Trade Office of the Secretary of Commerce INTERGOVERNMENTAL REVIEW OF DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE PROGRAMS AND ACTIVITIES § 13.8 Opportunity to comment on...

New Directions in U.S. Foreign Assistance and New Roles for Anthropologists. Studies in Third World Societies, Publication Number Forty-Four.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Mason, John P., Ed.; Clark, Mari H., Ed.

Given recent developments throughout the world, the status of U.S. foreign assistance policies is uncertain. This document is a collection of papers whose authors, all anthropologists concerned with developing nations, critically examine new directions in development assistance in the 1990s. The papers include an introduction (M. Clark; J. Mason);…

Human Capital Formation and Foreign Direct Investment in Developing Countries. OECD Development Centre Working Paper No. 211 (Formerly Technical Paper No. 211)

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Miyamoto, Koji

2003-01-01

This paper synthesises the existing literature on human capital formation and foreign direct investment (FDI) in developing countries. The aim is to take a bird's eye view of the complex linkages between the activities of multinational enterprises (MNEs) and policies of host developing countries. In doing so, general trends, best practices and…

Attitudes of Teachers of Arabic as a Foreign Language toward Methods of Foreign Language Teaching

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Seraj, Sami A.

2010-01-01

This study examined the attitude of teachers of Arabic as a foreign language toward some of the most well known teaching methods. For this reason the following eight methods were selected: (1) the Grammar-Translation Method (GTM), (2) the Direct Method (DM), (3) the Audio-Lingual Method (ALM), (4) Total Physical Response (TPR), (5) Community…

The dark side of going abroad: How broad foreign experiences increase immoral behavior.

PubMed

Lu, Jackson G; Quoidbach, Jordi; Gino, Francesca; Chakroff, Alek; Maddux, William W; Galinsky, Adam D

2017-01-01

Because of the unprecedented pace of globalization, foreign experiences are increasingly common and valued. Past research has focused on the benefits of foreign experiences, including enhanced creativity and reduced intergroup bias. In contrast, the present work uncovers a potential dark side of foreign experiences: increased immoral behavior. We propose that broad foreign experiences (i.e., experiences in multiple foreign countries) foster not only cognitive flexibility but also moral flexibility. Using multiple methods (longitudinal, correlational, and experimental), 8 studies (N > 2,200) establish that broad foreign experiences can lead to immoral behavior by increasing moral relativism-the belief that morality is relative rather than absolute. The relationship between broad foreign experiences and immoral behavior was robust across a variety of cultural populations (anglophone, francophone), life stages (high school students, university students, MBA students, middle-aged adults), and 7 different measures of immorality. As individuals are exposed to diverse cultures, their moral compass may lose some of its precision. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved).

Environmental Regulation, Foreign Direct Investment and Green Technological Progress-Evidence from Chinese Manufacturing Industries.

PubMed

Hu, Jiangfeng; Wang, Zhao; Lian, Yuehan; Huang, Qinghua

2018-01-29

This study examines the spillover effects of foreign direct investment (FDI) on green technology progress rate (as measured by the green total factor productivity). The analysis utilizes two measures of FDI, labor-based FDI and capital-based FDI, and separately investigates four sets of industry classifications-high/low discharge regulation and high/low emission standard regulation. The results indicate that in the low discharge regulation and low emission standard regulation industry, labor-based FDI has a significant negative spillover effect, and capital-based FDI has a significant positive spillover effect. However, in the high-intensity environmental regulation industry, the negative influence of labor-based FDI is completely restrained, and capital-based FDI continues to play a significant positive green technological spillover effects. These findings have clear policy implications: the government should be gradually reducing the labor-based FDI inflow or increasing stringency of environmental regulation in order to reduce or eliminate the negative spillover effect of the labor-based FDI.

Environmental Regulation, Foreign Direct Investment and Green Technological Progress—Evidence from Chinese Manufacturing Industries

PubMed Central

Hu, Jiangfeng; Wang, Zhao; Lian, Yuehan; Huang, Qinghua

2018-01-01

This study examines the spillover effects of foreign direct investment (FDI) on green technology progress rate (as measured by the green total factor productivity). The analysis utilizes two measures of FDI, labor-based FDI and capital-based FDI, and separately investigates four sets of industry classifications—high/low discharge regulation and high/low emission standard regulation. The results indicate that in the low discharge regulation and low emission standard regulation industry, labor-based FDI has a significant negative spillover effect, and capital-based FDI has a significant positive spillover effect. However, in the high-intensity environmental regulation industry, the negative influence of labor-based FDI is completely restrained, and capital-based FDI continues to play a significant positive green technological spillover effects. These findings have clear policy implications: the government should be gradually reducing the labor-based FDI inflow or increasing stringency of environmental regulation in order to reduce or eliminate the negative spillover effect of the labor-based FDI. PMID:29382112

Foreign direct investment and trade in health services: a review of the literature.

PubMed

Smith, Richard D

2004-12-01

Globalization is a key challenge facing health policy-makers. A significant aspect of this is direct trade in health services, a result of the rise of transnational corporations, challenges in health care financing, porous borders and improved technology creating the scope for increased 'foreign direct investment' (FDI) in health care. This has gathered momentum with the General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS), which aims to further liberalize trade in services, and within which FDI has been noted as perhaps the most critical area for trade negotiation. Given the rapid development of this area, there are little empirical data. This paper therefore seeks to provide the first comprehensive and systematic review of evidence concerning FDI and health services. This process included electronic bibliographic database searches, website searches and correspondence with experts in the area of trade in health services, from which 76 papers, books and reports were reviewed. Perhaps due to the rapid developments in this area, most of the literature is speculative, polarized between those arguing for the benefits of liberalization and those arguing against. However, there seem to be three issues which emerge as of most importance: (i) the extent to which a national health system is commercialized per se is of more significance than whether investment in it is foreign or domestic; (ii) the national regulatory environment and its 'strength' will significantly determine the economic and health impact of FDI, the effectiveness of safeguard measures, and the stability of GATS commitments; and (iii) any negotiations will depend upon parties having a common understanding of what is being negotiated, and the interpretation of key definitions is thus critical. Each of these issues is explored in some depth, with the overall conclusion that countries should take a step back and first think through the risks and benefits of commercialization of their health sector, rather than being sidetracked in to considering the level of foreign investment.

Tourism English Education Based on Students' Beliefs on Foreign Language Learning.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Seong, Myeong-Hee

1999-01-01

Investigates beliefs held by Korean college students majoring in tourism English about learning foreign languages, particularly English, and suggests desirable directions that English instruction may take. The student questionnaire is appended. (Author/VWL)

Development of a Newcastle disease virus vector expressing a foreign gene through an internal ribosomal entry site provides direct proof for a sequential transcription mechanism

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Objectives: Newcastle disease virus (NDV), a member of the Paramxoviridae family, has been developed as a vector to express foreign genes for vaccine and gene therapy purposes. The foreign genes are usually inserted into a non-coding region of the NDV genome as an independent transcription unit (ITU...

34 CFR 600.54 - Criteria for determining whether a foreign institution is eligible to apply to participate in the...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... least the definition of an academic year in § 668.3. (f) For a for-profit foreign medical, veterinary... 34 Education 3 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Criteria for determining whether a foreign institution is eligible to apply to participate in the Direct Loan Program. 600.54 Section 600.54 Education...

The assessment of corruption impact on the inflow of foreign direct investment

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gasanova, Ayshan; Medvedev, Alexander N.; Komotskiy, Evgeny I.

2017-06-01

The aim of this paper is to investigate the impact of corruption on the inflow of foreign direct investment (FDI). The data, taken from official sources, Transparency International and the Heritage Foundation, have been treated in a special program "Deductor Studio Academic" by the method of Machine Learning (cluster analysis using Kohonen Self-Organizing Maps). There was composed a Kohonen map, in which the countries were divided into 4 clusters: countries with low levels of corruption and high level of FDI inflow, countries with low level of corruption and FDI above average, countries with average level of corruption and the average level of FDI, and countries with high level of corruption and low level of FDI. The research has shown that corruption influences the investment attractiveness of the host country. This means that in countries where the level of corruption is low and economic environment is attractive, the level of foreign direct investment is high, and in those countries where the level of corruption is high and and economic attractiveness is low - the level of investment is low. However, the study identified countries which have high level of corruption and high FDI inflow - China, India, Brazil and Russia (BRIC countries). These countries are the exception from the rule due to the wide domestic market, cheap labour, the wealth of natural resources - all these factors increase the investment attractiveness of these countries. It was found that corruption in BRIC countries has similarity being a controlled and predictable phenomenon. This allows calculating the cost of corruption for accounting it in business projects.

Population causes and consequences of leading chronic diseases: a comparative analysis of prevailing explanations.

PubMed

Stuckler, David

2008-06-01

The mortality numbers and rates of chronic disease are rising faster in developing than in developed countries. This article compares prevailing explanations of population chronic disease trends with theoretical and empirical models of population chronic disease epidemiology and assesses some economic consequences of the growth of chronic diseases in developing countries based on the experiences of developed countries. Four decades of male mortality rates of cardiovascular and chronic noncommunicable diseases were regressed on changes in and levels of country income per capita, market integration, foreign direct investment, urbanization rates, and population aging in fifty-six countries for which comparative data were available. Neoclassical economic growth models were used to estimate the effect of the mortality rates of chronic noncommunicable diseases on economic growth in high-income OECD countries. Processes of economic growth, market integration, foreign direct investment, and urbanization were significant determinants of long-term changes in mortality rates of heart disease and chronic noncommunicable disease, and the observed relationships with these social and economic factors were roughly three times stronger than the relationships with the population's aging. In low-income countries, higher levels of country income per capita, population urbanization, foreign direct investment, and market integration were associated with greater mortality rates of heart disease and chronic noncommunicable disease, less increased or sometimes reduced rates in middle-income countries, and decreased rates in high-income countries. Each 10 percent increase in the working-age mortality rates of chronic noncommunicable disease decreased economic growth rates by close to a half percent. Macrosocial and macroeconomic forces are major determinants of population rises in chronic disease mortality, and some prevailing demographic explanations, such as population aging, are incomplete on methodological, empirical, and policy grounds. Rising chronic disease mortality rates will significantly reduce economic growth in developing countries and further widen the health and economic gap between the developed and developing world.

Population Causes and Consequences of Leading Chronic Diseases: A Comparative Analysis of Prevailing Explanations

PubMed Central

Stuckler, David

2008-01-01

Context The mortality numbers and rates of chronic disease are rising faster in developing than in developed countries. This article compares prevailing explanations of population chronic disease trends with theoretical and empirical models of population chronic disease epidemiology and assesses some economic consequences of the growth of chronic diseases in developing countries based on the experiences of developed countries. Methods Four decades of male mortality rates of cardiovascular and chronic noncommunicable diseases were regressed on changes in and levels of country income per capita, market integration, foreign direct investment, urbanization rates, and population aging in fifty-six countries for which comparative data were available. Neoclassical economic growth models were used to estimate the effect of the mortality rates of chronic noncommunicable diseases on economic growth in high-income OECD countries. Findings Processes of economic growth, market integration, foreign direct investment, and urbanization were significant determinants of long-term changes in mortality rates of heart disease and chronic noncommunicable disease, and the observed relationships with these social and economic factors were roughly three times stronger than the relationships with the population's aging. In low-income countries, higher levels of country income per capita, population urbanization, foreign direct investment, and market integration were associated with greater mortality rates of heart disease and chronic noncommunicable disease, less increased or sometimes reduced rates in middle-income countries, and decreased rates in high-income countries. Each 10 percent increase in the working-age mortality rates of chronic noncommunicable disease decreased economic growth rates by close to a half percent. Conclusions Macrosocial and macroeconomic forces are major determinants of population rises in chronic disease mortality, and some prevailing demographic explanations, such as population aging, are incomplete on methodological, empirical, and policy grounds. Rising chronic disease mortality rates will significantly reduce economic growth in developing countries and further widen the health and economic gap between the developed and developing world. PMID:18522614

The relationship between burden of childhood disease and foreign aid for child health.

PubMed

Bavinger, J Clay; Wise, Paul; Bendavid, Eran

2017-09-15

We sought to examine the relationship between child specific health aid (CHA) and burden of disease. Based on existing evidence, we hypothesized that foreign aid for child health would not be proportional to burden of disease. In order to examine CHA and burden of disease, we obtained estimates of these parameters from established sources. Estimates of disability adjusted life years (DALYs) in children (0-5 years) were obtained from the World Health Organization for 2000 and 2012. The 10 most burdensome disease categories in each continent, excluding high-income countries, were identified for study. Descriptions of all foreign aid commitments between 1996 and 2009 were obtained from AidData, and an algorithm to designate the target diseases of the commitments was constructed. Data were examined in scatterplots for trends. The most burdensome childhood diseases varied by continent. In all continents, newborn diseases, vaccine-preventable diseases (lower respiratory diseases, measles, meningitis, tetanus, and pertussis), and diarrheal diseases ranked within the four most burdensome diseases. Infectious diseases such as malaria, tuberculosis, and HIV were also among the ten most burdensome diseases in sub-Saharan Africa, and non-communicable diseases were associated with much of the burden in the other continents. CHA grew from $7.4 billion in 1996 to $17.7 billion in 2009 for our study diseases. Diarrheal diseases and malnutrition received the most CHA as well as the most CHA per DALY. CHA directed at HIV increased dramatically over our study period, from $227,000 in 1996 to $3.4 billion in 2008. Little aid was directed at injuries such as drowning, car accidents, and fires, as well as complex medical diseases such as leukemia and endocrine disorders. CHA has grown significantly over the last two decades. There is no clear relationship between CHA and burden of disease. This report provides a description of foreign aid for child health, and hopes to inform policy and decision-making regarding foreign aid.

EFL Learners' Beliefs about Native and Non-Native English-Speaking Teachers: Perceived Strengths, Weaknesses, and Preferences

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Chun, Sun Young

2014-01-01

Although the number of native English-speaking teachers (NESTs) in English as a Foreign Language (EFL) contexts has increased in recent years with the emergence of English as an international language, only a few studies on NESTs and non-NESTs have extensively and directly examined students' beliefs about these two groups of teachers. To fill this…

The Use of Mobile Devices Outside of the Classroom for Self-Directed Learning among Female EFL Students in Saudi Arabia

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Albedah, Fatimah; Lee, Chwee Beng

2017-01-01

English language proficiency is an increasingly vital skill for employment in Saudi Arabia. However, compulsory English as a foreign language courses at all levels of education have only produced inadequate results. One of the issues consistently raised as a barrier to effective EFL learning is the use of passive learning pedagogies and the lack…

Thinking More or Feeling Less? Explaining the Foreign-Language Effect on Moral Judgment.

PubMed

Hayakawa, Sayuri; Tannenbaum, David; Costa, Albert; Corey, Joanna D; Keysar, Boaz

2017-10-01

Would you kill one person to save five? People are more willing to accept such utilitarian action when using a foreign language than when using their native language. In six experiments, we investigated why foreign-language use affects moral choice in this way. On the one hand, the difficulty of using a foreign language might slow people down and increase deliberation, amplifying utilitarian considerations of maximizing welfare. On the other hand, use of a foreign language might stunt emotional processing, attenuating considerations of deontological rules, such as the prohibition against killing. Using a process-dissociation technique, we found that foreign-language use decreases deontological responding but does not increase utilitarian responding. This suggests that using a foreign language affects moral choice not through increased deliberation but by blunting emotional reactions associated with the violation of deontological rules.

Practices and Objectives in Training for Foreign Service. Report of the National Conference on Foreign Service Training, Washington, December 26, 1923. Bulletin, 1924, No. 21

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Swiggett, Glen Levin

1924-01-01

Eighteen States and the District of Columbia were represented at the second conference of collegiate instructors in foreign service training subjects, which was held at the New Willard Hotel, Washington, D.C., December 26, 1923, under the direction of the former advisory council and committee of fifteen on educational preparation for foreign…

Intercultural Learning in English as Foreign Language Instruction: The Importance of Teachers' Intercultural Experience and the Usefulness of Precise Instructional Directives

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gobel, Kerstin; Helmke, Andreas

2010-01-01

The development of intercultural competence, especially in foreign language instruction, is considered a key goal of teaching in German schools. The present article sheds light on the teaching of intercultural topics in the context of English as a foreign language (EFL). It presents the results of an analysis of data from a larger study (DESI…

JPRS Report, Near East & South Asia, Kuwait

DTIC Science & Technology

1991-08-21

in the stock market in the country, it is necessary to ascertain the number of [istimarat musa"arah] or direct investments [istimarat], foreign workers...commercial or industrial activities, [Al-Fassam] My view is simply that industry has a large or expanding foreign investment , for example? role in all...States from NTIS or Friday in eight volumes: China , East Europe, Soviet appointed foreign dealers. New subscribers should Union, East Asia, Near East

The Sociolinguistics of Foreign-Language Classrooms: Contributions of the Native, the Near-Native, and the Non-Native Speaker. Issues in Language Program Direction, A Series of Annual Volumes.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Blyth, Carl, Ed.

This collection of papers is divided into five parts. Part 1, "The Native Speaker," includes "The (Non)Native Standard Language in Foreign Language Education: A Critical Perspective" (Robert W. Train) and "The Native Speaker, the Student, and Woody Allen: Examining Traditional Roles in the Foreign Language Classroom"…

26 CFR 1.956-1 - Shareholder's pro rata share of a controlled foreign corporation's increase in earnings invested...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... controlled foreign corporation's investment of earnings in United States property—(1) Dividend limitation... foreign corporation's increase in earnings invested in United States property. 1.956-1 Section 1.956-1...) INCOME TAXES Controlled Foreign Corporations § 1.956-1 Shareholder's pro rata share of a controlled...

Plastic laryngeal foreign bodies in children: a diagnostic challenge.

PubMed

Bloom, David C; Christenson, Tom E; Manning, Scott C; Eksteen, Eduard C; Perkins, Jonathan A; Inglis, Andrew F; Stool, Sylvan E

2005-05-01

To review Children's Hospital and Regional Medical Center experience with pediatric airway foreign bodies, and examine the incidence and treatment of laryngeal foreign bodies. To determine if plastic laryngeal foreign bodies present differently than other laryngeal foreign bodies. A retrospective review of all cases of children (1874 patients) undergoing direct laryngoscopy and/or bronchoscopy from 1st January 1997 to 9th September 2003 at a tertiary care children's hospital. Patients with endoscopically documented laryngeal foreign bodies were identified and the medical record reviewed in more detail. Patient age, gender, foreign body location, foreign body type, duration of foreign body presence, radiographic findings, endoscopic findings and treatment complications were recorded. One hundred and five aspirated foreign bodies were identified. The nine laryngeal foreign bodies included five clear plastic radiolucent items, two radiolucent food items, and two sharp radioopaque pins. Time to diagnosis and treatment was on average 11.6 days with 17.6 days for thin/plastic foreign bodies and 1.6 days for metal/food foreign bodies. Laryngeal foreign bodies represent a small portion of all pediatric airway foreign bodies. Difficulty in identifying laryngeal foreign bodies, especially thin, plastic radiolucent foreign bodies can delay treatment. Thin plastic foreign bodies can present without radiographic findings, can be difficult to image during endoscopy and can be particularly difficult to diagnose. A history of choking and vocal changes is associated with laryngeal foreign bodies. Laryngeal foreign bodies should be in the differential diagnosis of all children presenting with atypical upper respiratory complaints especially if a history suggestive of witnessed aspiration and dysphonia can be obtained.

An improved conjugate vaccine technology; induction of antibody responses to the tumor vasculature.

PubMed

Huijbers, Elisabeth J M; van Beijnum, Judy R; Lê, Chung T; Langman, Sofya; Nowak-Sliwinska, Patrycja; Mayo, Kevin H; Griffioen, Arjan W

2018-05-17

The induction of an antibody response against self-antigens requires a conjugate vaccine technology, where the self-antigen is conjugated to a foreign protein sequence, and the co-application of a potent adjuvant. The choice of this foreign sequence is crucial as a very strong antibody response towards it may compromise the anti-self immune response. Here, we aimed to optimize the conjugate design for application of vaccination against the tumor vasculature, using two different approaches. First, the immunogenicity of the previously employed bacterial thioredoxin (TRX) was reduced by using a truncated from (TRXtr). Second, the Escherichia coli proteome was scrutinized to identify alternative proteins, based on immunogenicity and potency to increase solubility, suitable for use in a conjugate vaccine. This technology was used for vaccination against a marker of the tumor vasculature, the well-known extra domain B (EDB) of fibronectin. We demonstrate that engineering of the foreign sequence of a conjugate vaccine can significantly improve antibody production. The TRXtr construct outperformed the one containing full-length TRX, for the production of anti-self antibodies to EDB. In addition, efficient tumor growth inhibition was observed with the new TRXtr-EDB vaccine. Microvessel density was decreased and enhanced leukocyte infiltration was observed, indicative of an active immune response directed against the tumor vasculature. Summarizing, we have identified a truncated form of the foreign antigen TRX that can improve conjugate vaccine technology for induction of anti-self antibody titers. This technology was named Immuno-Boost (I-Boost). Our findings are important for the clinical development of cancer vaccines directed against self antigens, e.g. the ones selectively found in the tumor vasculature. Copyright © 2018 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.

Defense Contracting: Actions Needed to Explore Additional Opportunities to Gain Efficiencies in Acquiring Foreign Language Support

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-02-25

Directive 5160.41E, Defense Language Program . 10GAO-11-456. Page 5 GAO-13-251R Defense Contracting types of foreign language support that DOD has acquired...Language Transformation Roadmap, (January 2005), and Department of Defense Directive 5160.41E, Defense Language Program . Page 15 GAO-13-251R Defense...examines the use of public funds; evaluates federal programs and policies; and provides analyses, recommendations, and other assistance to help

The 1994 Economic Crisis in Turkey

DTIC Science & Technology

2002-06-01

began to influence the interest rates and foreign exchange rates 36 more than the Central Bank. These developments, as a result, forced the Central Bank...capital to finance the public deficit, increasing international creditors’ influence on the interest rates and foreign exchange rates . Increasing foreign...influence on both the interest rates and foreign exchange rates , however, significantly reduced the government’s independence in designing monetary

Is Cheap Labor a Magnet for Capital?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hanson, John R., II

1995-01-01

Contends that it is widely believed that cheap labor in poor countries attracts foreign investors. Asserts that historical evidence indicates that past patterns of direct foreign investment in poor countries are inconsistent with the cheap-labor argument. Includes two figures and one table. (CFR)

Currency crises and the evolution of foreign exchange market: Evidence from minimum spanning tree

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jang, Wooseok; Lee, Junghoon; Chang, Woojin

2011-02-01

We examined the time series properties of the foreign exchange market for 1990-2008 in relation to the history of the currency crises using the minimum spanning tree (MST) approach and made several meaningful observations about the MST of currencies. First, around currency crises, the mean correlation coefficient between currencies decreased whereas the normalized tree length increased. The mean correlation coefficient dropped dramatically passing through the Asian crisis and remained at the lowered level after that. Second, the Euro and the US dollar showed a strong negative correlation after 1997, implying that the prices of the two currencies moved in opposite directions. Third, we observed that Asian countries and Latin American countries moved away from the cluster center (USA) passing through the Asian crisis and Argentine crisis, respectively.

The Navy of Brazil: An Emerging Power at Sea (Marinha do Brasil: Um Poder Emergente no Mar),

DTIC Science & Technology

1983-01-01

suggests directions for future development. He identifies the basic issues facing the Brazilian Navy: overdependence on foreign equipment, lack of funds...Department of Defense, any other US Government agency, or any agency of a foreign government. .I . I...industry, since he was a full-time faculty member of the Inter-American Defense College while he helped us launch the experiment of including foreign

JPRS Report. Soviet Union: World Economy & International Relations, No. 4, April 1989

DTIC Science & Technology

1989-08-23

use of various forms and directions of world economic relations. The division of the WCE into two groups of countries reflects the actual existence... group of the most highly developed countries, using the advantages stemming from the closer intertwining of their economies, could probably increase...the Bush Administra- tion? What are the economic, domestic and foreign political factors which determine US policies toward the Soviet Union? What

How did China's foreign exchange reform affect the efficiency of foreign exchange market?

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ning, Ye; Wang, Yiming; Su, Chi-wei

2017-10-01

This study compares the market efficiency of China's onshore and offshore foreign exchange markets before and after the foreign exchange reform on August 11, 2015. We use the multifractal detrended fluctuation analysis of the onshore and offshore RMB/USD spot exchange rate series as basis. We then find that the onshore foreign exchange market before the reform has the lowest market efficiency, which increased after the reform. The offshore foreign exchange market before the reform has the highest market efficiency, which dropped after the reform. This finding implies the increased efficiency of the onshore foreign exchange market and the loss of efficiency in the offshore foreign exchange market. We also find that the offshore foreign exchange market is more efficient than the onshore market and that the gap shrank after the reform. Changes in intervention of the People's Bank of China since the reform is a possible explanation for the changes in the efficiency of the foreign exchange market.

Comparison of job burnout and life satisfaction between native and foreign female direct care workers in disability institutions.

PubMed

Lin, Lan-Ping; Wu, Tzu-Ying; Lin, Jin-Ding

2015-01-01

There is little information about the burnout and wellbeing of institutional caregivers working for people with intellectual and developmental disabilities; information is particularly limited in the understanding of experiences of direct care workers. The aims of the study were to provide a profile of self-perceived burnout and wellbeing of direct-care caregivers working in disability institutions, and to compare the difference between native- and foreign caregivers. A cross-sectional survey was conducted. We recruited 46 female living assistants of people with intellectual and developmental disabilities in two disability institutions in Taiwan. There were 23 subjects who were local residents and 23 subjects who were foreign providers of labor. A self-administered questionnaire which included scale of the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory (CBI), the Subjective Happiness Scale (SHS), and the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS) were employed in the survey. Findings revealed the local caregivers were slightly higher than foreign caregivers in personal burnout score (PBS) and work-related burnout score (WBS), although there were no significant differences. Those caregivers from foreign countries seem to be slightly happier and have higher life satisfaction than native caregivers. In order to decrease the burnout and improve wellbeing of caregivers of people with intellectual and developmental disabilities, service providers should understand the experiences which caregivers encounter in their workplaces. Caregivers can benefit if they receive appropriate support to improve positive health while working for their service clients.

"Professionalism" in Second and Foreign Language Teaching: A Qualitative Research Synthesis

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Jansem, Anchalee

2018-01-01

This qualitative research synthesis concludes and displays pictures of professionalism in second/foreign language education. Adopting Weed's processes as the methodological framework for doing qualitative research synthesis, the researcher employed seven steps, from retrieving to selecting studies directly associated with professionalism. The…

22 CFR 1203.735-205 - Financial interests.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 22 Foreign Relations 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 true Financial interests. 1203.735-205 Section 1203.735-205 Foreign Relations UNITED STATES INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT COOPERATION AGENCY EMPLOYEE... interests. (a) An employee shall not: (1) Have a direct or indirect financial interest that conflicts...

5 CFR 550.803 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... case at hand to correct or direct the correction of an unjustified or unwarranted personnel action... Federal Labor Relations Authority and its General Counsel, (g) the Foreign Service Labor Relations Board, (h) the Foreign Service Grievance Board, (i) an arbitrator in a binding arbitration case, and (j) the...

22 CFR 142.2 - Application.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 22 Foreign Relations 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Application. 142.2 Section 142.2 Foreign Relations DEPARTMENT OF STATE CIVIL RIGHTS NONDISCRIMINATION ON THE BASIS OF HANDICAP IN PROGRAMS OR... to all programs or activities directly affecting handicapped individuals in the United States carried...

22 CFR 142.2 - Application.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 22 Foreign Relations 1 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Application. 142.2 Section 142.2 Foreign Relations DEPARTMENT OF STATE CIVIL RIGHTS NONDISCRIMINATION ON THE BASIS OF HANDICAP IN PROGRAMS OR... to all programs or activities directly affecting handicapped individuals in the United States carried...

22 CFR 142.2 - Application.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 22 Foreign Relations 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Application. 142.2 Section 142.2 Foreign Relations DEPARTMENT OF STATE CIVIL RIGHTS NONDISCRIMINATION ON THE BASIS OF HANDICAP IN PROGRAMS OR... to all programs or activities directly affecting handicapped individuals in the United States carried...

22 CFR 142.2 - Application.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 22 Foreign Relations 1 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Application. 142.2 Section 142.2 Foreign Relations DEPARTMENT OF STATE CIVIL RIGHTS NONDISCRIMINATION ON THE BASIS OF HANDICAP IN PROGRAMS OR... to all programs or activities directly affecting handicapped individuals in the United States carried...

22 CFR 142.2 - Application.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 22 Foreign Relations 1 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Application. 142.2 Section 142.2 Foreign Relations DEPARTMENT OF STATE CIVIL RIGHTS NONDISCRIMINATION ON THE BASIS OF HANDICAP IN PROGRAMS OR... to all programs or activities directly affecting handicapped individuals in the United States carried...

JPRS Report, China

DTIC Science & Technology

1989-11-22

thereby relatively increasing China’s foreign debt burden. Generally speaking, a decline in foreign exchange rates helps increase exports; however, the...offset by currency inflation. This leads to further currency over- valuation, which hurts exports. Generally speaking, a fall in foreign exchange rates can...restrain exports; however, the fall in China’s foreign exchange rates in recent years has played no marked role in restricting imports. The

The role of trade and investment liberalization in the sugar-sweetened carbonated beverages market: a natural experiment contrasting Vietnam and the Philippines.

PubMed

Schram, Ashley; Labonte, Ronald; Baker, Phillip; Friel, Sharon; Reeves, Aaron; Stuckler, David

2015-10-12

Trade and investment liberalization may facilitate the spread of sugar-sweetened carbonated beverages (SSCBs), products associated with increased risk factors for obesity, type II diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases (Circulation 121:1356-1364, 2010). Apart from a limited set of comparative cross-national studies, the majority of analyses linking liberalization and the food environment have drawn on case studies and descriptive accounts. The current failure of many countries to reverse the obesity epidemic calls for investigation into both individual and systemic factors, including trade and investment policies. Using a natural experimental design we tested whether Vietnam's removal of restrictions on foreign direct investment (FDI) subsequent to its accession to the World Trade Organization in 2007 increased sales of SSCBs compared with a matched country, the Philippines, which acceded in 1995. Difference-in-difference (DID) models were used to test pre/post differences in total SSCB sales and foreign company penetration covering the years 1999-2013. Following Vietnam's removal of restrictions on FDI, the growth rate of SSCB sales increased to 12.1 % per capita per year from a prior growth rate of 3.3 %. SSCB sales per capita rose significantly faster pre- and post-intervention in Vietnam compared with the control country the Philippines (DID: 4.6 L per annum, 95 % CI: 3.8 to 5.4 L, p < 0.008). Vietnam's increase in SSCBs was primarily attributable to products manufactured by foreign companies, whose annual sales growth rates rose from 6.7 to 23.1 %, again unmatched within the Philippines over this period (DID: 12.3 %, 95 % CI: 8.6 to 16.0 %, p < 0.049). Growth of SSCB sales in Vietnam, led by foreign-owned companies, significantly accelerated after trade and investment liberalization.

Where are you from? A validation of the Foreigner Objectification Scale and the psychological correlates of foreigner objectification among Asian Americans and Latinos.

PubMed

Armenta, Brian E; Lee, Richard M; Pituc, Stephanie T; Jung, Kyoung-Rae; Park, Irene J K; Soto, José A; Kim, Su Yeong; Schwartz, Seth J

2013-04-01

Many ethnic minorities in the United States consider themselves to be just as American as their European American counterparts. However, there is a persistent cultural stereotype of ethnic minorities as foreigners (i.e., the perpetual foreigner stereotype) that may be expressed during interpersonal interactions (i.e., foreigner objectification). The goal of the present study was to validate the Foreigner Objectification Scale, a brief self-report measure of perceived foreigner objectification, and to examine the psychological correlates of perceived foreigner objectification. Results indicated that the Foreigner Objectification Scale is structurally (i.e., factor structure) and metrically (i.e., factor loadings) invariant across foreign-born and U.S.-born Asian Americans and Latinos. Scalar (i.e., latent item intercepts) invariance was demonstrated for the two foreign-born groups and the two U.S.-born groups, but not across foreign-born and U.S.-born individuals. Multiple-group structural equation models indicated that, among U.S.-born individuals, perceived foreigner objectification was associated with less life satisfaction and more depressive symptoms, and was indirectly associated with lower self-esteem via identity denial, operationalized as the perception that one is not viewed by others as American. Among foreign-born individuals, perceived foreigner objectification was not significantly associated directly with self-esteem, life satisfaction, or depressive symptoms. However, perceived foreigner objectification was positively associated with identity denial, and identity denial was negatively associated with life satisfaction. This study illustrates the relevance of perceived foreigner objectification to the psychological well-being of U.S.-born Asian Americans and Latinos.

76 FR 25774 - Determination of Foreign Exchange Swaps and Foreign Exchange Forwards Under the Commodity...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-05-05

... foreign exchange forwards would create systemic risk, lower transparency, or threaten the financial... regulatory loophole that exacerbates systemic risk. However, all foreign exchange transactions would remain... exchange trading requirements on the foreign exchange market would increase systemic risk by concentrating...

A Comparative Study of Foreign Direct Investment Flow Using Diffusion Models

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Li, Yiming; Chiang, Yi-Hui; Yu, Shao-Ming; Chiang, Su-Yun; Hung, C.-H.

2007-12-01

In this work, we apply an improvement dynamic model of the foreign direct investment (FDI) flow to analyze the evolution of FDI flow. In comparison with the fundamental growth model of FDI, the simulation result is further accurate if the asymmetric growth pattern and heterogeneity of the potential adopters are considered. According to the result, the internal influence dominates the growth of FDI flow from Taiwan to China during 2001-2006, taking the electronics industry for example.

Foreign Investment and National Security: Economic Considerations

DTIC Science & Technology

2010-02-08

euros. The OECD projects that the overall amount of direct investment flows in 2008 will decline as a result of lower levels of foreign direct...2.7 2.5 North America 129.9 244.4 n.a. 13.7 18.7 n.a. United States 101.0 175.4 192.9 10.7 13.4 12.5 Other developed econ . -34.6 46.7 n.a. -3.7...periodic regulatory impact assessments, and requirements that decisions to block an investment should be taken at high government levels . Critical

Foreign Investment and National Security: Economic Considerations

DTIC Science & Technology

2008-12-01

overall amount of direct investment flows in 2008 will decline as a result of lower levels of foreign direct investment into and out of the United States...244.4 n.a. 13.7 18.7 n.a. United States 101.0 175.4 192.9 10.7 13.4 12.5 Other developed econ . -34.6 46.7 n.a. -3.7 3.6 n.a. Developing economies...regulatory impact assessments, and requirements that decisions to block an investment should be taken at high government levels

The National Shipbuilding Research Program. Short Course on Implementing Advanced Technology. Course Notes

DTIC Science & Technology

1996-01-01

12.30PM LUNCH 12.30-1.00 PM EXERCISE - U.S. VERSUS FOREIGN COST BREAKDOWN 1.00-1.30 PM THE CANDY STORE - TOTAL QUALITY MANAGEMENT 1.30-2000 PM SEAMLESS...AVONDALE’S RUSSIAN TANKER, AND BENDER’S REEFER SHIP PROJECTS ALL APPEAR DEAD OTHER U.S. SHIPBUILDERS ARE STILL IN NEGOTIATION WITH POTENTIAL FOREIGN AND...derived: Direct ManhourdCGT Total Employee Manhours/CGT CGT/ Direct worker Year CGT/Total Employee Year 2 3 NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL DESIGN AND

Regulatory policy and the location of bio-pharmaceutical foreign direct investment in Europe.

PubMed

Koenig, Pamina; Macgarvie, Megan

2011-09-01

This paper examines the relationship between cross-country differences in drug price regulation and the location of biopharmaceutical Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in Europe. Simple theory predicts that price regulation in one country might affect total investment, but not the location of that investment, if sales are global. Nevertheless, some manufacturers threaten that the introduction of price regulation in a country will motivate them to move their investments to other countries. Are such threats cheap talk, or is there evidence that firms avoid price-controlling countries when making FDI location choices? We use data on 527 investments initiated in 27 European countries between 2002 and 2009 and find that investors are less likely to choose countries with price controls, after controlling for other determinants of investment. We also observe a relative decline in investment in countries that increased the stringency of regulatory regimes during our sample period. The effect is restricted to non-manufacturing investments and is most robust for those related to administrative functions. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

The globalization of technology

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Reid, P.P.

1991-01-01

The past two decades have seen dramatic change in the distribution and organization of corporate technical activities worldwide. Japan's rapid ascent to the status of technological superpower, the steady rise in technical strength of Europe's leading economies, and the rapid growth in technical competence of an expanding group of newly industrialized nations have put an end to the era of U.S. technological supremacy. Meanwhile, a rapid expansion of private foreign direct investment and a proliferation of international corporate alliances have increased the economic and technological interdependence of industrialized nations. As a result of these changes, the process of technology development,more » application, and diffusion in a growing number of industries has become increasingly globalized. The following figures document this trend, which will have far-reaching implications for U.S. business practices and federal competitiveness policies. The diagrams address R and D personnel per 10,000 labor force, nondefense R and D spending, high-technology exports, investments in other countries, foreign investment in the United States, and transnational alliances.« less

Trade Offsets in Foreign Military Sales -- the F/A-18 Program: A Case Study

DTIC Science & Technology

1987-12-01

other activities under direct commercial arrangement between the U.S. manufacturer and a foreign entity. • Countertrade -- Countertrade involves the...and Countertrade Transactions on U.S. Industries. Concurrent with the ITC’s investigation, Congress enacted the Defense Production Act Amendments of...butnot yet specified - 1 3 - 81 Total 373 1,990 263 707 1,430 Indirect: Foreign investment - - - 5 32 Technology transfer - - 5 6 1 Countertrade 14 302 73

31 CFR 598.701 - Penalties.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 3 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Penalties. 598.701 Section 598.701 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating to Money and Finance (Continued) OFFICE OF FOREIGN... § 598.701 Penalties. (a) Attention is directed to section 807 of the Foreign Narcotics Kingpin...

31 CFR 598.701 - Penalties.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 3 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Penalties. 598.701 Section 598.701 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating to Money and Finance (Continued) OFFICE OF FOREIGN... § 598.701 Penalties. (a) Attention is directed to section 807 of the Foreign Narcotics Kingpin...

31 CFR 598.701 - Penalties.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 3 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Penalties. 598.701 Section 598.701 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating to Money and Finance (Continued) OFFICE OF FOREIGN... § 598.701 Penalties. (a) Attention is directed to section 807 of the Foreign Narcotics Kingpin...

31 CFR 598.701 - Penalties.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance: Treasury 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Penalties. 598.701 Section 598.701 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating to Money and Finance (Continued) OFFICE OF FOREIGN... § 598.701 Penalties. (a) Attention is directed to section 807 of the Foreign Narcotics Kingpin...

31 CFR 598.701 - Penalties.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 3 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Penalties. 598.701 Section 598.701 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating to Money and Finance (Continued) OFFICE OF FOREIGN... § 598.701 Penalties. (a) Attention is directed to section 807 of the Foreign Narcotics Kingpin...

78 FR 12622 - Control of Communicable Diseases: Foreign; Scope and Definitions

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-02-25

... Control of Communicable Diseases: Foreign; Scope and Definitions AGENCY: Centers for Disease Control and... of direct final rule. SUMMARY: The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) within the... INFORMATION CONTACT: For questions concerning this notice: Ashley A. Marrone, JD, Centers for Disease Control...

Neurology of Foreign Language Aptitude

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Biedron, Adriana

2015-01-01

This state-of-the art paper focuses on the poorly explored issue of foreign language aptitude, attempting to present the latest developments in this field and reconceptualizations of the construct from the perspective of neuroscience. In accordance with this goal, it first discusses general directions in neurolinguistic research on foreign…

Auditory Processing Disorder and Foreign Language Acquisition

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Veselovska, Ganna

2015-01-01

This article aims at exploring various strategies for coping with the auditory processing disorder in the light of foreign language acquisition. The techniques relevant to dealing with the auditory processing disorder can be attributed to environmental and compensatory approaches. The environmental one involves actions directed at creating a…

15 CFR 29.650 - Grant.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 15 Commerce and Foreign Trade 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Grant. 29.650 Section 29.650 Commerce and Foreign Trade Office of the Secretary of Commerce GOVERNMENTWIDE REQUIREMENTS FOR DRUG-FREE... Federal Government's direct benefit or use; and (b) In which substantial involvement is not expected...

Assimilating Foreign-Born Employees into Organizations through Effective Orientation Programs.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Stull, James B.; And Others

Since research suggests that a direct relationship exists between effective orientation and employee productivity, careful consideration must be given to content, design, and delivery issues when developing orientation training programs for foreign-born employees. The United States typically does not provide adequate employee orientation.…

78 FR 21498 - Proposed Collection; Comment Request for Regulation Project

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-04-10

... computation of foreign taxes deemed paid under section 902 pursuant to a pooling mechanism for undistributed... assured of consideration. ADDRESSES: Direct all written comments to Yvette Lawrence, Internal Revenue...: Computation of Foreign Taxes Deemed Paid Under Section 902 Pursuant to a Pooling Mechanism for Undistributed...

17 CFR Appendix to Part 48 - Form FBOT

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION REGISTRATION OF FOREIGN BOARDS OF... BOARD OF TRADE APPLICATION FOR REGISTRATION (IN ORDER TO PERMIT DIRECT ACCESS TO MEMBERS AND OTHER... foreign board of trade applying for registration pursuant to CEA section 4(b) and part 48 of the...

17 CFR Appendix to Part 48 - Form FBOT

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION REGISTRATION OF FOREIGN BOARDS OF... BOARD OF TRADE APPLICATION FOR REGISTRATION (IN ORDER TO PERMIT DIRECT ACCESS TO MEMBERS AND OTHER... foreign board of trade applying for registration pursuant to CEA section 4(b) and part 48 of the...

22 CFR 120.40 - Affiliate.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 22 Foreign Relations 1 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Affiliate. 120.40 Section 120.40 Foreign Relations DEPARTMENT OF STATE INTERNATIONAL TRAFFIC IN ARMS REGULATIONS PURPOSE AND DEFINITIONS § 120.40 Affiliate. An affiliate of a registrant is a person that directly, or indirectly through one or more...

Whether Foreign Military Sales or Direct Commercial Sales: A Case Study of the UK E-3 AWACS

DTIC Science & Technology

1990-09-01

arrangements available include coproduction, licensed production, subcontractor production, overseas investment, technology transfer, and countertrade ...commercial arrangement between the U.S. manufacturer and a foreign entity. Countertrade - Purchase of goods and services from the buyer country as a

22 CFR 135.30 - Changes.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 22 Foreign Relations 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Changes. 135.30 Section 135.30 Foreign... AGREEMENTS TO STATE AND LOCAL GOVERNMENTS Post-Award Requirements Changes, Property, and Subawards § 135.30 Changes. (a) General. Grantees and subgrantees are permitted to rebudget within the approved direct cost...

Foreign Stamps Don't Mean Foreign Students

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bentz, Carlton L.; Huntley, Stirling L.

1975-01-01

Directed to those responsible for college admission and placement functions in American colleges and universities, this article provides an overview, based on recent research, of the college selection and admission process experienced by graduates of overseas American-sponsored schools currently enrolled in institutions of higher learning across…

78 FR 9032 - Annual Survey of U.S. Direct Investment Abroad

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-02-07

...) Business enterprise means any organization, association, branch, or venture that exists for profit making... least 10 percent of the voting stock in an incorporated foreign business enterprise or an equivalent interest in an unincorporated foreign business enterprise and that meets the additional conditions detailed...

14 CFR 205.3 - Basic requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... classes of aircraft, or the specific aircraft by FAA or foreign government registration number, with... insurance that list aircraft by government registration number, the policy or self-insurance plan shall... REGULATIONS AIRCRAFT ACCIDENT LIABILITY INSURANCE § 205.3 Basic requirements. (a) A U.S. or foreign direct air...

14 CFR 205.3 - Basic requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... classes of aircraft, or the specific aircraft by FAA or foreign government registration number, with... insurance that list aircraft by government registration number, the policy or self-insurance plan shall... REGULATIONS AIRCRAFT ACCIDENT LIABILITY INSURANCE § 205.3 Basic requirements. (a) A U.S. or foreign direct air...

14 CFR 205.3 - Basic requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... classes of aircraft, or the specific aircraft by FAA or foreign government registration number, with... insurance that list aircraft by government registration number, the policy or self-insurance plan shall... REGULATIONS AIRCRAFT ACCIDENT LIABILITY INSURANCE § 205.3 Basic requirements. (a) A U.S. or foreign direct air...

14 CFR 205.3 - Basic requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... classes of aircraft, or the specific aircraft by FAA or foreign government registration number, with... insurance that list aircraft by government registration number, the policy or self-insurance plan shall... REGULATIONS AIRCRAFT ACCIDENT LIABILITY INSURANCE § 205.3 Basic requirements. (a) A U.S. or foreign direct air...

14 CFR 205.3 - Basic requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... classes of aircraft, or the specific aircraft by FAA or foreign government registration number, with... insurance that list aircraft by government registration number, the policy or self-insurance plan shall... REGULATIONS AIRCRAFT ACCIDENT LIABILITY INSURANCE § 205.3 Basic requirements. (a) A U.S. or foreign direct air...

76 FR 73526 - Alternatives to the Use of External Credit Ratings in the Regulations of the OCC

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-11-29

... Branches of Foreign Banks The OCC's regulations on permissible investment securities, securities offerings... to investment securities, securities offerings, and foreign bank capital equivalency deposits... 939A directs all Federal agencies to review, no later than one year after enactment, any regulation...

26 CFR 1.6050P-0 - Table of contents.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

...) Certain bankruptcy discharges. (i) In general. (ii) Business or investment debt. (2) Interest. (3) Non-principal amounts in lending transactions. (4) Indebtedness of foreign persons held by foreign branches of U...) Direct or indirect subsidiary. (5) Entity formed or availed of to hold indebtedness. (6) Use of magnetic...

75 FR 70895 - Submission for OMB Review; Comment Request

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-11-19

... number. Foreign Agricultural Service Title: Food Donation Programs (Food for Progress & Section 416(b... through direct donations and concessional programs. USDA Food aid may be provided through four program... programs are under 7 CFR part 1499, Foreign Donation Programs and 7 CFR part 1599, McGovern-Dole...

22 CFR 9.3 - Senior agency official.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 22 Foreign Relations 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Senior agency official. 9.3 Section 9.3 Foreign Relations DEPARTMENT OF STATE GENERAL SECURITY INFORMATION REGULATIONS § 9.3 Senior agency official. The... senior agency official to direct and administer its information security program. The Department's senior...

22 CFR 67.3 - Management.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 22 Foreign Relations 1 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Management. 67.3 Section 67.3 Foreign Relations....3 Management. (a) NED's operations and staff are managed by a President selected by the Board of... Office of the President provides policy direction and is responsible for day-to-day management of the...

22 CFR 67.3 - Management.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 22 Foreign Relations 1 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Management. 67.3 Section 67.3 Foreign Relations....3 Management. (a) NED's operations and staff are managed by a President selected by the Board of... Office of the President provides policy direction and is responsible for day-to-day management of the...

22 CFR 67.3 - Management.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 22 Foreign Relations 1 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Management. 67.3 Section 67.3 Foreign Relations....3 Management. (a) NED's operations and staff are managed by a President selected by the Board of... Office of the President provides policy direction and is responsible for day-to-day management of the...

22 CFR 67.3 - Management.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 22 Foreign Relations 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Management. 67.3 Section 67.3 Foreign Relations....3 Management. (a) NED's operations and staff are managed by a President selected by the Board of... Office of the President provides policy direction and is responsible for day-to-day management of the...

The Practice of Foreign Language Teaching.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Cajkler, Wasyl; Addelman, Ron

This book on aspects of modern foreign language teaching is written for trainee, new, and experienced teachers of students aged 11-16 and is intended as a practical source of information. The discussion of specific teaching issues includes implications for classroom practice. While not directly addressing Britain's new National Curriculum, it does…

15 CFR 14.11 - Pre-award policies.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 15 Commerce and Foreign Trade 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Pre-award policies. 14.11 Section 14.11 Commerce and Foreign Trade Office of the Secretary of Commerce UNIFORM ADMINISTRATIVE REQUIREMENTS... used when the principal purpose is acquisition of property or services for the direct benefit or use of...

14 CFR 212.5 - Operation of affinity (pro rata) charters.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... (AVIATION PROCEEDINGS) ECONOMIC REGULATIONS CHARTER RULES FOR U.S. AND FOREIGN DIRECT AIR CARRIERS § 212.5... foreign air carrier must meet the following criteria: (a) The aircraft must be chartered by an... of transportation services, for the purpose of providing air transportation to its members and their...

14 CFR 212.5 - Operation of affinity (pro rata) charters.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... (AVIATION PROCEEDINGS) ECONOMIC REGULATIONS CHARTER RULES FOR U.S. AND FOREIGN DIRECT AIR CARRIERS § 212.5... foreign air carrier must meet the following criteria: (a) The aircraft must be chartered by an... of transportation services, for the purpose of providing air transportation to its members and their...

Simulations in Foreign Languages.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Nebraska State Dept. of Education, Lincoln. Div. of Instructional Services.

The purpose of this publication is to define minimal competencies for foreign language classes. The term "simulation" refers to role playing. The simulations are stated in terms of practical communication performance objectives. The intent is to have the student direct his learning in the basic skills toward an immediate objective rather than a…

Advanced Foreign Language Learning: A Challenge to College Programs. Issues in Language Program Direction.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Byrnes, Heidi, Ed.; Maxim, Hiram H., Ed.

This book includes the following chapters: "Literacy and Advanced Foreign Language Learning: Rethinking he Curriculum" (Richard G. Kern); "A Template for Advanced Learner Tasks: Staging Genre Reading and Cultural Literacy Through the Precis" (Janet Swaffar); "Fostering Advanced L2 Literacy: A Genre-Based, Cognitive…

77 FR 23809 - Proposed Collection; Comment Request for Notice 2005-64

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-04-20

... Notice 2005-64, Foreign Tax Credit and Other Guidance under Section 965. DATES: Written comments should be received on or before June 19, 2012 to be assured of consideration. ADDRESSES: Direct all [email protected] . SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: Title: Foreign Tax Credit and Other Guidance under Section...

15 CFR 806.9 - Airlines and ship operators.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 15 Commerce and Foreign Trade 3 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Airlines and ship operators. 806.9...) BUREAU OF ECONOMIC ANALYSIS, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE DIRECT INVESTMENT SURVEYS § 806.9 Airlines and ship operators. Foreign stations, ticket offices, and terminal and port facilities of U.S. airlines and ship...

77 FR 76840 - Minimum Capital Ratios; Issuance of Directives

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-12-31

... Advanced Measurement Approaches * * * * * Part I. General Provisions Section 1. Purpose, Applicability... total on-balance sheet foreign exposure at the most recent year-end equal to $10 billion or more (where total on-balance sheet foreign exposure equals total cross-border claims less claims with head office or...

15 CFR 806.9 - Airlines and ship operators.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 15 Commerce and Foreign Trade 3 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Airlines and ship operators. 806.9...) BUREAU OF ECONOMIC ANALYSIS, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE DIRECT INVESTMENT SURVEYS § 806.9 Airlines and ship operators. Foreign stations, ticket offices, and terminal and port facilities of U.S. airlines and ship...

22 CFR 67.3 - Management.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 22 Foreign Relations 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Management. 67.3 Section 67.3 Foreign Relations....3 Management. (a) NED's operations and staff are managed by a President selected by the Board of... Office of the President provides policy direction and is responsible for day-to-day management of the...

34 CFR 664.31 - What selection criteria does the Secretary use?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... foreign languages and area studies. (iii) The extent to which direct experience abroad is necessary to... POSTSECONDARY EDUCATION, DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION FULBRIGHT-HAYS GROUP PROJECTS ABROAD PROGRAM How Does the... Fulbright Foreign Scholarship Board Group Projects Abroad for funding under this part. (a) Plan of operation...

34 CFR 664.31 - What selection criteria does the Secretary use?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... foreign languages and area studies. (iii) The extent to which direct experience abroad is necessary to... POSTSECONDARY EDUCATION, DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION FULBRIGHT-HAYS GROUP PROJECTS ABROAD PROGRAM How Does the... Fulbright Foreign Scholarship Board Group Projects Abroad for funding under this part. (a) Plan of operation...

34 CFR 664.31 - What selection criteria does the Secretary use?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... foreign languages and area studies. (iii) The extent to which direct experience abroad is necessary to... POSTSECONDARY EDUCATION, DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION FULBRIGHT-HAYS GROUP PROJECTS ABROAD PROGRAM How Does the... Fulbright Foreign Scholarship Board Group Projects Abroad for funding under this part. (a) Plan of operation...

34 CFR 664.31 - What selection criteria does the Secretary use?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... foreign languages and area studies. (iii) The extent to which direct experience abroad is necessary to... POSTSECONDARY EDUCATION, DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION FULBRIGHT-HAYS GROUP PROJECTS ABROAD PROGRAM How Does the... Fulbright Foreign Scholarship Board Group Projects Abroad for funding under this part. (a) Plan of operation...

34 CFR 664.31 - What selection criteria does the Secretary use?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... foreign languages and area studies. (iii) The extent to which direct experience abroad is necessary to... POSTSECONDARY EDUCATION, DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION FULBRIGHT-HAYS GROUP PROJECTS ABROAD PROGRAM How Does the... Fulbright Foreign Scholarship Board Group Projects Abroad for funding under this part. (a) Plan of operation...

Foreign Language for the Gifted: Extending Cognitive Dimensions.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Garfinkel, Alan; Prentice, Mary

Procedures are described for use in foreign language classes that tap the characteristics of gifted students. Each activity is directly associated with at least one of the cognitive characteristics attributed to the gifted, which are listed in the introductory section of the paper. The procedures include the following activities: conducting a…

22 CFR 401.5 - Meetings.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 22 Foreign Relations 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 true Meetings. 401.5 Section 401.5 Foreign Relations INTERNATIONAL JOINT COMMISSION, UNITED STATES AND CANADA RULES OF PROCEDURE General § 401.5 Meetings. (a) Subject at all times to special call or direction by the two Governments, meetings of the Commission shall...

[Foreign Body in Esophagus].

PubMed

Domeki, Yasushi; Kato, Hiroyuki

2015-07-01

An esophageal foreign body is the term for a foreign body in the esophagus. The 2 age groups most prone to this condition are children age 9 and under (and especially toddlers age 4 and under) and elderly individuals age 70 and over. A foreign body often lodges where the esophagus is most constricted. In toddlers, the foreign body is often currency or coins or a toy. In adults, the body is often a piece of fish, dentures, a piece of meat, a pin or needle, or a drug in its blister pack packaging. In children, an esophageal foreign body is treated by fluoroscopically guided removal of the body with a balloon catheter or magnetic catheter or removal of the body via endoscopy or direct esophagoscopy under general anesthesia. In adults, the best choice for treating an esophageal foreign body is removing the body with an endoscope but there are instances where surgery is performed because the body is hard to remove endoscopically, a puncture has occurred, or empyema or mediastinitis has developed. This paper reviews the diagnosis and treatment of an esophageal foreign body.

77 FR 69694 - Determination of Foreign Exchange Swaps and Foreign Exchange Forwards Under the Commodity...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-11-20

... trading and clearing of foreign exchange swaps and foreign exchange forwards would create systemic risk... clearing and exchange trading requirements on the foreign exchange market would increase systemic risk by... argue that the exemption would create a large regulatory loophole that could exacerbate systemic risk...

Global Health and Foreign Policy

PubMed Central

Feldbaum, Harley; Lee, Kelley; Michaud, Joshua

2010-01-01

Health has long been intertwined with the foreign policies of states. In recent years, however, global health issues have risen to the highest levels of international politics and have become accepted as legitimate issues in foreign policy. This elevated political priority is in many ways a welcome development for proponents of global health, and it has resulted in increased funding for and attention to select global health issues. However, there has been less examination of the tensions that characterize the relationship between global health and foreign policy and of the potential effects of linking global health efforts with the foreign-policy interests of states. In this paper, the authors review the relationship between global health and foreign policy by examining the roles of health across 4 major components of foreign policy: aid, trade, diplomacy, and national security. For each of these aspects of foreign policy, the authors review current and historical issues and discuss how foreign-policy interests have aided or impeded global health efforts. The increasing relevance of global health to foreign policy holds both opportunities and dangers for global efforts to improve health. PMID:20423936

Global health and foreign policy.

PubMed

Feldbaum, Harley; Lee, Kelley; Michaud, Joshua

2010-01-01

Health has long been intertwined with the foreign policies of states. In recent years, however, global health issues have risen to the highest levels of international politics and have become accepted as legitimate issues in foreign policy. This elevated political priority is in many ways a welcome development for proponents of global health, and it has resulted in increased funding for and attention to select global health issues. However, there has been less examination of the tensions that characterize the relationship between global health and foreign policy and of the potential effects of linking global health efforts with the foreign-policy interests of states. In this paper, the authors review the relationship between global health and foreign policy by examining the roles of health across 4 major components of foreign policy: aid, trade, diplomacy, and national security. For each of these aspects of foreign policy, the authors review current and historical issues and discuss how foreign-policy interests have aided or impeded global health efforts. The increasing relevance of global health to foreign policy holds both opportunities and dangers for global efforts to improve health.

AID to restore support to pop groups shunned under Reagan and Bush.

PubMed

1993-08-24

US Congressional action on family planning (FP) foreign assistance and the directives of the new director of USAID are summarized. Brian Atwood, USAID Director, reported to Congress that the administration supported a restoration of funding (nonsupport has occurred since 1985) to the UN Population Fund (UNFPA), International Planned Parenthood (IPPF), and the WHO Human Reproduction Program (HRP). Support would be provided through a reallocation of $30 million in fiscal 1993 USAID money. UNFPA would receive $14.5 million, IPPF $12 million, and HRP $3.5 million. UNFPA funding would be allocated from funds included in the House-approved foreign aid appropriations bill, H.R. 2295 for fiscal 1994. UNFPA would be required to account separately for US funds and would not be allowed to direct any money to China; funding would be received by September 30. The UN Development Program would periodically report on China's population program. The US plans to pressure UNFPA to withdraw UNFPA funding from China, if significant improvement is not made in their FP operation. Population assistance funding for 1994 is still in the Foreign Operations Subcommittee of the Senate Appropriations Committee. Authorization was approved by the Senate Foreign Relations Subcommittee on International Economic Policy for $400 million to USAID and $50 million for UNFPA, with the provision that US funding to UNFPA will be reduced in fiscal 1994 if UNFPA funds to China exceed $9.7 million. The bill included the preceding year's restriction that the Permanent Representative of the US to the UN General Assembly must approve the bill before disbursement of funds to UNFPA. The House version had been previously (June 30) approved in the State Department authorization bill. A provision was also included requesting Clinton administration reports on revision of foreign assistance, a reduction by 20 of the number of countries receiving foreign aid, and approving 4 basic objectives for the poorest countries (sustainable economic growth, increasing democratic participation, attention to global issues, and responding to humanitarian needs). Another funding bill was introduced in the Senate (S.1096) with a similar one in the House (H.R. 2447) to set a goal of $11 billion for FP funding by the year 2000 and a 1994 fiscal authorization level of $725 million.

Perceived threat of violence and exposure to physical violence against foreign-born women: a Swedish population-based study.

PubMed

Fernbrant, Cecilia; Essén, Birgitta; Ostergren, Per-Olof; Cantor-Graae, Elizabeth

2011-01-01

Violence against women is an increasing global phenomenon. Little is known about violence against foreign-born women, despite a possible increased concentration of risk factors in this group. This study investigated prevalence of perceived threat of violence and exposure to physical violence and its relation to country of birth among women (18-64 years) residing in southern Sweden, using data obtained from the 2004 Public Health Survey in Scania, Sweden. Foreign-born women reported significantly higher rates of both perceived threat of violence and exposure to physical violence compared with Swedish-born women. Foreign-born women exposed to violence originated primarily from middle/low-income countries (versus high-income countries). The risk of perceived threat of violence remained significantly increased among foreign-born even after further adjustment for potential confounders, such as marital status and disposable income. After similar adjustment, increased exposure to physical violence was no longer significantly related to foreign-born status, but instead was largely attributable to marital status and low levels of disposable income. Foreign-born women, however, had a greater risk of physical violence in the home than Swedish-born women, and violence in the home was the most frequently reported setting for violence exposure among foreign-born women. Migration may confer an increased risk of interpersonal violence against women. Although the underlying causes of this increased risk are unknown, a complex set of factors may be involved, including socioeconomic disadvantage. Copyright © 2011 Jacobs Institute of Women's Health. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

White-collar foreign workers in Taiwan.

PubMed

Kanjanapan, W

1992-01-01

"This paper will provide some insights on both capital-assisted and non capital-assisted migrants. Drawing upon government statistics from various sources, the analysis will begin with an examination of the links between DFI [direct foreign investment] inflows and the movement of foreign professionals. Then, a qualitative analysis of case studies of Americans who are language teachers will be used to assess some background characteristics of this particular group of migrants, their international migration process, their work experience as well as their adjustment to the host society." excerpt

Globalization in the pharmaceutical industry, Part II.

PubMed

Casadio Tarabusi, C; Vickery, G

1998-01-01

This is the second of a two-part report on the pharmaceutical industry. Part II begins with a discussion of foreign direct investment and inter-firm networks, which covers international mergers, acquisitions, and minority participation; market shares of foreign-controlled firms; international collaboration agreements (with a special note on agreements in biotechnology); and licensing agreements. The final section of the report covers governmental policies on health and safety regulation, price regulation, industry and technology, trade, foreign investment, protection of intellectual property, and competition.

Where do Foreign Student STEM graduates work after they graduate?

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ruiz, Neil

2017-01-01

Foreign students and entrepreneurs add path-breaking innovative ideas and billions of dollars to the United States economy. This presentation takes a look at where foreign students originate, what degrees and subjects they are pursuing in the U.S., and where they work after they graduate from U.S. universities. With a special focus on STEM degrees and physics, Dr. Ruiz will show how foreign students open up markets in their hometown cities which facilitates trade, foreign direct investment and knowledge transfer. In addition, they infuse revenue into local communities, and they help fill demand for jobs requiring specific skills in local U.S. labor markets. He argues that America's business, educational, and community leaders need to develop better strategies that retain their talents after they graduate. Invited speaker number 44869.

[Analysis on influential factors in China's exports of primary and semi-finished products of traditional Chinese medicine to ASEAN].

PubMed

Qian, Yun-Xu; Yang, Yue; Zhao, Wei; Bi, Kai-Shun

2014-04-01

Two regression models, based on panel data over the period of 2000-2011, are built and used to analyze what factors determine China's exports of primary and semi-finished products of traditional Chinese medicine to ASEAN. The results indicate that, China GDP, the ratio of ASEAN to China GDP per capita, average export price, the ratio of state-owned assets to total assets, have a significant positive influence on the export volumes of primary products of Chinese medicine. At the same time, RMB appreciation, the ratio of three kinds of foreign-invested assets to total assets, China-ASEAN Early Harvest Program, ASEAN-China Free Trade Area have a significant negative influence. In respect of the export volumes of semi-finished products of Chinese medicine, the significant influential factors are ASEAN GDP and the ratio of ASEAN to China GDP per capita. The former is positive and the latter is negative. In order to optimize the commodity composition of experts, it is needed to increase export volumes of both primary and semi-finished products of Chinese medicine. According to the analysis above, some proposals are put forward, such as, improving the performance of foreign capital, playing an exemplary and leading role in technological innovation by state-owned enterprises, taking advantage of bargaining power of suppliers, increasing outward foreign direct investment.

Policy Direction and Development Trends for Sino-Foreign Partnership Schools

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Li, Zhang

2009-01-01

This paper details the background and substance of the "Regulations of the People's Republic of China on Chinese-Foreign Cooperation in Running Schools." It specifies both the contributions and limitations of the regulations for the sound development of such schools. At a time when international cooperation in running schools is…

22 CFR 706.33 - How will OPIC respond to my FOIA request?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 22 Foreign Relations 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 true How will OPIC respond to my FOIA request? 706.33 Section 706.33 Foreign Relations OVERSEAS PRIVATE INVESTMENT CORPORATION ADMINISTRATIVE PROVISIONS FREEDOM... direct response to you unless OPIC can determine by examining the record or by informal consultation with...

15 CFR 806.10 - Determining place of residence and country of jurisdiction of individuals.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... DIRECT INVESTMENT SURVEYS § 806.10 Determining place of residence and country of jurisdiction of... 15 Commerce and Foreign Trade 3 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Determining place of residence and country of jurisdiction of individuals. 806.10 Section 806.10 Commerce and Foreign Trade Regulations...

Internationalization at Home: Using Learning Motivation to Predict Students' Attitudes toward Teaching in a Foreign Language

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gorges, Julia; Kandler, Christian; Bohner, Gerd

2012-01-01

Fostering foreign language proficiency is an important goal of university teaching. We identified German university students' (N = 1265) goal orientations developed during secondary school as predictors of attitudes toward receiving instruction in English at university. Mastery goal orientation was proposed to "directly" promote positive…

A Narrative Inquiry into Foreign Teachers' Perplexes in Mixed-Cultural Classes

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Zhao, Yuqin

2016-01-01

Mixed-cultural classes, a foreign teacher teaching Chinese students, are common now in China. These mixed-cultural classes provide an educational context where there are chances of direct intercultural contact and deeper understandings of the cultural other, and also misunderstandings and even conflicts between teachers and students from different…

32 CFR 536.138 - Claims not payable under the Foreign Claims Act.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... solely on compassionate grounds; (e) Is a bastardy claim for child support expenses; (f) Is for any item... Department of Defense (DOD) directives, such as illegal war trophies. (g) Is for rent, damage, or other... damage, or personal injury or death caused by inhabitants of unfriendly foreign countries or by...

32 CFR 536.138 - Claims not payable under the Foreign Claims Act.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... solely on compassionate grounds; (e) Is a bastardy claim for child support expenses; (f) Is for any item... Department of Defense (DOD) directives, such as illegal war trophies. (g) Is for rent, damage, or other... damage, or personal injury or death caused by inhabitants of unfriendly foreign countries or by...

32 CFR 536.138 - Claims not payable under the Foreign Claims Act.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... solely on compassionate grounds; (e) Is a bastardy claim for child support expenses; (f) Is for any item... Department of Defense (DOD) directives, such as illegal war trophies. (g) Is for rent, damage, or other... damage, or personal injury or death caused by inhabitants of unfriendly foreign countries or by...

32 CFR 536.138 - Claims not payable under the Foreign Claims Act.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... solely on compassionate grounds; (e) Is a bastardy claim for child support expenses; (f) Is for any item... Department of Defense (DOD) directives, such as illegal war trophies. (g) Is for rent, damage, or other... damage, or personal injury or death caused by inhabitants of unfriendly foreign countries or by...

32 CFR 536.138 - Claims not payable under the Foreign Claims Act.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... solely on compassionate grounds; (e) Is a bastardy claim for child support expenses; (f) Is for any item... Department of Defense (DOD) directives, such as illegal war trophies. (g) Is for rent, damage, or other... damage, or personal injury or death caused by inhabitants of unfriendly foreign countries or by...

76 FR 62607 - Comprehensive Iran Sanctions, Accountability, and Divestment Reporting Requirements

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-10-11

... certification states ``Foreign Bank hereby certifies that to its knowledge it has not processed one or more... behalf of, directly or indirectly,'' is meant to include situations where a foreign bank has knowledge... Bank hereby certifies that to its knowledge it has not processed one or more transfers of funds within...

Grand Challenges and Great Potential in Foreign Language Teaching and Learning

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hlas, Anne Cummings

2018-01-01

This article argues for the field of foreign languages to begin to identify and define our Grand Challenges, which are difficult yet solvable problems facing our field. Seeking answers to these challenges can provide new opportunities for collaboration and can spur new directions and innovation within language learning and teaching. Researchable…

15 CFR 734.3 - Items subject to the EAR.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

..., and foreign-made technology that is commingled with controlled U.S.-origin technology: (i) In any....S. origin technology or software, as described in § 736.2(b)(3) of the EAR. The term “direct product... technology or software; and Note to paragraph (a)(4): Certain foreign-manufactured items developed or...

15 CFR 734.3 - Items subject to the EAR.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

..., and foreign-made technology that is commingled with controlled U.S.-origin technology: (i) In any....S. origin technology or software, as described in § 736.2(b)(3) of the EAR. The term “direct product... technology or software; and Note to paragraph (a)(4): Certain foreign-manufactured items developed or...

15 CFR 734.3 - Items subject to the EAR.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

..., and foreign-made technology that is commingled with controlled U.S.-origin technology: (i) In any....S. origin technology or software, as described in § 736.2(b)(3) of the EAR. The term “direct product... technology or software; and Note to paragraph (a)(4): Certain foreign-manufactured items developed or...

15 CFR 734.3 - Items subject to the EAR.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

..., and foreign-made technology that is commingled with controlled U.S.-origin technology: (i) In any....S. origin technology or software, as described in § 736.2(b)(3) of the EAR. The term “direct product... technology or software; and Note to paragraph (a)(4): Certain foreign-manufactured items developed or...

15 CFR 734.3 - Items subject to the EAR.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

..., and foreign-made technology that is commingled with controlled U.S.-origin technology: (i) In any....S. origin technology or software, as described in § 736.2(b)(3) of the EAR. The term “direct product... technology or software; and Note to paragraph (a)(4): Certain foreign-manufactured items developed or...

15 CFR 758.2 - Automated Export System (AES).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 15 Commerce and Foreign Trade 2 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Automated Export System (AES). 758.2... CLEARANCE REQUIREMENTS § 758.2 Automated Export System (AES). The Census Bureau's Foreign Trade Statistics...) electronically using the Automated Export System (AES). In order to use AES, you must apply directly to the...

15 CFR 758.2 - Automated Export System (AES).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 15 Commerce and Foreign Trade 2 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Automated Export System (AES). 758.2... CLEARANCE REQUIREMENTS § 758.2 Automated Export System (AES). The Census Bureau's Foreign Trade Statistics...) electronically using the Automated Export System (AES). In order to use AES, you must apply directly to the...

15 CFR 758.2 - Automated Export System (AES).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 15 Commerce and Foreign Trade 2 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Automated Export System (AES). 758.2... CLEARANCE REQUIREMENTS § 758.2 Automated Export System (AES). The Census Bureau's Foreign Trade Statistics...) electronically using the Automated Export System (AES). In order to use AES, you must apply directly to the...

17 CFR Appendix to Part 48 - Form FBOT

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... BOARDS OF TRADE Pt. 48, App. Appendix to Part 48—Form FBOT COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION FORM FBOT FOREIGN BOARD OF TRADE APPLICATION FOR REGISTRATION (IN ORDER TO PERMIT DIRECT ACCESS TO MEMBERS AND OTHER... foreign board of trade applying for registration pursuant to CEA section 4(b) and part 48 of the...

Forming Future Teachers' Aesthetic Culture in Foreign Educational Practice

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Sotska, Galyna

2016-01-01

The article deals with a theoretical analysis of foreign educational experience in solving scientific problems of forming future teachers' aesthetic culture. Given the current socio-cultural situation, it has been noted that a teacher who developed his/her aesthetic culture can make a direct contribution to the social and cultural challenges of a…

22 CFR 92.85 - Service of legal process usually prohibited.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 22 Foreign Relations 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Service of legal process usually prohibited. 92... RELATED SERVICES Quasi-Legal Services § 92.85 Service of legal process usually prohibited. The service of process and legal papers is not normally a Foreign Service function. Except when directed by the...

22 CFR 1411.10 - Fees.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 22 Foreign Relations 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 true Fees. 1411.10 Section 1411.10 Foreign Relations... AVAILABILITY OF OFFICIAL INFORMATION § 1411.10 Fees. Persons requesting records from the Board, the General Counsel or the Panel shall be subject to a charge of fees for the direct cost of document search and...

78 FR 26398 - Sunshine Act Meeting

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-05-06

... FOREIGN CLAIMS SETTLEMENT COMMISSION [F.C.S.C. Meeting and Hearing Notice No. 4-13] Sunshine Act... Government in the Sunshine Act (5 U.S.C. 552b), hereby gives notice in regard to the scheduling of open... observe an open meeting, may be directed to: Judith H. Lock, Executive Officer, Foreign Claims Settlement...

15 CFR 806.11 - Estates, trusts, and intermediaries.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 15 Commerce and Foreign Trade 3 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Estates, trusts, and intermediaries..., trusts, and intermediaries. (a) An estate, either U.S. or foreign, is a person and therefore may have direct investment, and the estate, not the beneficiary, is considered to be the owner. (b) A trust...

The Ethics of Globalizing Bioethics

PubMed Central

Rennie, Stuart; Mupenda, Bavon

2012-01-01

In the last decade, there have been efforts to globalize the field of bioethics, particularly in developing countries, where biomedical and other research is increasingly taking place. We describe and evaluate some key ethical criticisms directed towards these initiatives, and argue that while they may be marked by ethical, practical, and political tensions and pitfalls, they can nevertheless play an important role in stimulating critical bioethics culture in countries vulnerable to exploitation by foreign agencies and/or their own authorities. PMID:25632370

The U.S. Export Import Bank: Criteria in the Direct Loan Program,

DTIC Science & Technology

1982-11-01

1.8 1.25 _A MICROCOP REOUION TES CH22 NATIONA BUEO NARS16- M- - DTIC 8 ~DISE3UTM04 STATEMENT A __ Dhltd BUn~ited -~ THE FUTURES GRTOUP 76 Esstern...was compounded by the widespread defaults on international borrowings. These factors increased the risk in international financial transactions, and...to developing countries is denominated in dollars. For oil exporters, such as Mexico and Nigeria, these problems are compounded by a decline in foreign

Hospital emergency department utilisation rates among the immigrant population in Barcelona, Spain

PubMed Central

Buron, Andrea; Cots, Francesc; Garcia, Oscar; Vall, Oriol; Castells, Xavier

2008-01-01

Background The recent increase in the number of immigrants of Barcelona represents a challenge for the public healthcare system, the emergency department being the most used healthcare service by this group. However, utilisation rates in our environment have not yet been studied. We aimed to compare emergency department utilisation rates between Spanish-born and foreign-born residents in a public hospital of Barcelona. Methods The study population included all adults residing in the area of study and visiting the emergency department of Hospital del Mar in 2004. The emergency care episodes were selected from the Emergency Department register, and the population figures from the Statistics Department of Barcelona. Emergency care episodes were classified into five large clinical categories. Adjusted rate ratios (RR) of utilisation among foreign-born vs. Spanish-born residents were assessed through negative binomial regression. Results The overall utilisation rate was 382 emergency contacts per 1,000 persons-years. The RR for foreign-born versus Spanish-born residents was 0.62 (95% CI: 0.52; 0.74%). The RR was also significantly below one in surgery (0.51, 95% CI: 0.42; 0.63), traumatology (0.47, 95% CI: 0.38; 0.59), medicine (0.48, 95% CI: 0.38; 0.59) and psychiatry (0.42, 95% CI: 0.18; 0.97). No differences were found in utilisation of gynaecology and minor emergency services. Conclusion The overall lower utilisation rates obtained for foreign-born residents is consistent with previous studies and is probably due to the "healthy immigrant effect". Thus, the population increase due to immigration does not translate directly into a corresponding increase in the number of emergency contacts. The lack of differences in minor and gynaecological emergency care supports the hypothesis that immigrants overcome certain barriers by using the emergency department to access to health services. The issue of healthcare barriers should therefore be addressed, especially among immigrants. PMID:18315871

15 CFR 752.7 - Direct shipment to customers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 15 Commerce and Foreign Trade 2 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Direct shipment to customers. 752.7... COMPREHENSIVE LICENSE § 752.7 Direct shipment to customers. (a) General authorization. (1) Upon request by a... directly to the requesting consignee's customer in either: (i) The requesting consignee's country; or (ii...

Modeling the impact of transport energy consumption on CO2 emission in Pakistan: Evidence from ARDL approach.

PubMed

Danish; Baloch, Muhammad Awais; Suad, Shah

2018-04-01

The objective of this research is to examine the relationship between transport energy consumption, economic growth, and carbon dioxide emission (CO 2 ) from transport sector incorporating foreign direct investment and urbanization. This study is carried out in Pakistan by applying autoregressive distributive lag (ARDL) and vector error correction model (VECM) over 1990-2015. The empirical results indicate a strong significant impact of transport energy consumption on CO 2 emissions from the transportation sector. Furthermore, foreign direct investment also contributes to CO 2 emission. Interestingly, the impact of economic growth and urbanization on transport CO 2 emission is statistically insignificant. Overall, transport energy consumption and foreign direct investment are not environmentally friendly. The new empirical evidence from this study provides a complete picture of the determinants of emissions from the transport sector and these novel findings not only help to advance the existing literature but also can be of special interest to the country's policymakers. So, we urge that government needs to focus on promoting the energy efficient means of transportation to improve environmental quality with less adverse influence on economic growth.

Direct and mediated effects of nativity and other indicators of acculturation on Hispanic mothers' use of physical aggression.

PubMed

Altschul, Inna; Lee, Shawna J

2011-11-01

This study used data from 845 foreign-born (n = 328) and native-U.S. born (n = 517) Hispanic mothers who participated in the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study (FFCWS) to examine four indicators of acculturation--nativity, years lived in the United States, religious attendance, and endorsement of traditional gender norms--as predictors of maternal physical aggression directed toward young children. The authors also examined whether psychosocial risk factors associated with child maltreatment and acculturation--maternal alcohol use, depression, parenting stress, and intimate partner aggression and violence--mediate relationships between acculturation and maternal aggression. Foreign-born Hispanic mothers had significantly lower rates of physical aggression than native-born Hispanic mothers. In path modeling results, U.S. nativity, along with maternal alcohol use, parenting stress, and child aggressive behavior, emerged as the strongest risk factors for maternal physical aggression. Among the four acculturation indicators, only foreign birth was directly associated with lower maternal aggression. Study findings suggest immigrant status is a unique protective factor that contributes to lower levels of physical aggression among Hispanic mothers.

The Portrayal of "Foreigners" in Japanese Social Studies Textbooks: Self-Images of Mono-Ethnic Pluralism

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Tsuneyoshi, Ryoko

2007-01-01

History and social studies textbooks have often been the object of heated political debate in various countries, since they relate directly to issues of national identity and citizenship. This article analyzes how "foreigners" are portrayed in two versions (the 2000 and 2006 versions, date of issue) of the best-selling elementary social…

Foreign Language Anxiety as an Individual Difference Variable in Performance: From an Interactionist's Perspective.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kim, Youngsang

This article addresses a research direction in which language professionals' research efforts can be invested to clarify the conceptual framework of the foreign language (FL) anxiety construct and develop an alternative measure to the construct. Current research on the effects of FL anxiety on learner performance has yielded inconsistent research…

76 FR 78775 - Investment of Customer Funds and Funds Held in an Account for Foreign Futures and Foreign Options...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-12-19

... States (U.S. government securities) and general obligations of any State or of any political subdivision... stability during the financial crisis. MF Global/Newedge, BlackRock and ADM noted that non-Fannie Mae... their mission, mitigate the systemic risk that contributed directly to instability in financial markets...

Oral Proficiency Standards and Foreign Language Teacher Candidates: Current Findings and Future Research Directions

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Glisan, Eileen W.; Swender, Elvira; Surface, Eric A.

2013-01-01

The renewed national focus on teacher quality and effectiveness has resulted in more rigorous standards that describe the knowledge and skills required of teacher candidates across all disciplines. In the area of foreign languages, three sets of professional standards address the oral proficiency of teachers in the target languages they teach…

Supporting the Professional Development of Foreign Language Graduate Students: A Focus on Course Development and Program Direction

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Enkin, Elizabeth

2015-01-01

The 2007 Modern Language Association report spurred research regarding the professional development of foreign language graduate students. This article first reviews existing proposals for the professional development of graduate students, then addresses the relevance of helping graduate students to develop the knowledge and skills that are needed…

17 CFR 21.03 - Selected special calls-duties of foreign brokers, domestic and foreign traders, futures...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... the threat of a market manipulation, corner, squeeze, or other market disorder exists on any reporting... or may be adversely affected or aggrieved by action taken by the Commission under paragraph (f) of... transmit the same and a recommended decision to the Commission. The Commission's directive under paragraph...

78 FR 36284 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; CBOE Futures Exchange, LLC; Notice of Filing and Immediate...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-06-17

... the location of any CBOE Workstation \\4\\ is in, the United States or a foreign jurisdiction expressly... organized under the laws of, or with a CBOE Workstation in, a foreign jurisdiction. \\4\\ CFE Rule 116 provides that the term ``CBOE Workstation'' means any computer connected directly to the CBOE System...

19 CFR 4.80 - Vessels entitled to engage in coastwise trade.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 19 Customs Duties 1 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Vessels entitled to engage in coastwise trade. 4...; DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY VESSELS IN FOREIGN AND DOMESTIC TRADES Coastwise Procedure § 4.80 Vessels entitled to engage in coastwise trade. (a) No vessel shall transport, either directly or by way of a foreign...

19 CFR 4.80 - Vessels entitled to engage in coastwise trade.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 19 Customs Duties 1 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Vessels entitled to engage in coastwise trade. 4...; DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY VESSELS IN FOREIGN AND DOMESTIC TRADES Coastwise Procedure § 4.80 Vessels entitled to engage in coastwise trade. (a) No vessel shall transport, either directly or by way of a foreign...

19 CFR 4.80 - Vessels entitled to engage in coastwise trade.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 19 Customs Duties 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Vessels entitled to engage in coastwise trade. 4...; DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY VESSELS IN FOREIGN AND DOMESTIC TRADES Coastwise Procedure § 4.80 Vessels entitled to engage in coastwise trade. (a) No vessel shall transport, either directly or by way of a foreign...

34 CFR 600.56 - Additional criteria for determining whether a foreign veterinary school is eligible to apply to...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... private nonprofit), the school satisfies all of the following criteria: (1) The school provides, and in... instruction through a training program for foreign veterinary students that has been approved by all... veterinary school is eligible to apply to participate in the Direct Loan Program. 600.56 Section 600.56...

34 CFR 600.56 - Additional criteria for determining whether a foreign veterinary school is eligible to apply to...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... private nonprofit), the school satisfies all of the following criteria: (1) The school provides, and in... instruction through a training program for foreign veterinary students that has been approved by all... veterinary school is eligible to apply to participate in the Direct Loan Program. 600.56 Section 600.56...

34 CFR 600.56 - Additional criteria for determining whether a foreign veterinary school is eligible to apply to...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... private nonprofit), the school satisfies all of the following criteria: (1) The school provides, and in... instruction through a training program for foreign veterinary students that has been approved by all... veterinary school is eligible to apply to participate in the Direct Loan Program. 600.56 Section 600.56...

Functional-Notional Concepts: Adapting the Foreign Language Textbook. Language in Education: Theory and Practice, No. 44.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Guntermann, Gail; Phillips, June K.

Textbooks currently available for foreign language instruction are generally oriented toward instruction in grammar for its own sake. Until materials are developed that are specifically geared to a systematic development of communicative competence, textbooks must be adapted. This handbook is directed toward that need. It emphasizes the following…

76 FR 62500 - Proposed Collection; Comment Request for Form 1120-F

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-10-07

... investments, or a business, or a branch in the U.S. The IRS uses Form 1120-F to determine if the foreign... comments concerning Form 1120-F, U.S. Income Tax Return of a Foreign Corporation. DATES: Written comments should be received on or before December 6, 2011 to be assured of consideration. ADDRESSES: Direct all...

Posters, Self-Directed Learning, and L2 Vocabulary Acquisition

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Cetin, Yakup; Flamand, Lee

2013-01-01

Posters, either as promotions by various ELT publishing houses or prepared by ELT teachers and students, are widely used on the walls of many foreign language classrooms. Many of them consist of colourful pictures along with L2 vocabulary, grammar, and texts in order to contribute to the foreign language learning process. However, many ELT…

9 CFR 381.196 - Eligibility of foreign countries for importation of poultry products into the United States.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... inspection in the United States with respect to: (A) Organizational structure and staffing, so as to insure... acceptability of a foreign poultry inspection system for purposes of this section shall be based on an... construction, facilities, and equipment; (D) Direct and continuous official supervision of slaughtering of...

78 FR 40690 - Proposed Information Collection; Comment Request; Direct Investment Surveys: BE-577, Quarterly...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-07-08

... on transactions and positions between U.S.-owned foreign business enterprises and their U.S. parents... days. A report must be filed for every foreign business enterprise whose voting stock (or the equivalent) is owned 10 percent or more by a U.S. business enterprise and for which any one of the following...

26 CFR 1.958-1 - Direct and indirect ownership of stock.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... treated as actually owned by such person. Thus, this rule creates a chain of ownership; however, since the... United States person in the chain of ownership running from the foreign entity. The application of this... Corporation. Example 4. Among the assets of foreign estate W are Blackacre and a block of stock, consisting of...

26 CFR 1.958-1 - Direct and indirect ownership of stock.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... treated as actually owned by such person. Thus, this rule creates a chain of ownership; however, since the... United States person in the chain of ownership running from the foreign entity. The application of this... Corporation. Example 4. Among the assets of foreign estate W are Blackacre and a block of stock, consisting of...

26 CFR 1.958-1 - Direct and indirect ownership of stock.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... treated as actually owned by such person. Thus, this rule creates a chain of ownership; however, since the... United States person in the chain of ownership running from the foreign entity. The application of this... Corporation. Example 4. Among the assets of foreign estate W are Blackacre and a block of stock, consisting of...

26 CFR 1.958-1 - Direct and indirect ownership of stock.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... treated as actually owned by such person. Thus, this rule creates a chain of ownership; however, since the... United States person in the chain of ownership running from the foreign entity. The application of this... Corporation. Example 4. Among the assets of foreign estate W are Blackacre and a block of stock, consisting of...

26 CFR 1.958-1 - Direct and indirect ownership of stock.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... treated as actually owned by such person. Thus, this rule creates a chain of ownership; however, since the... United States person in the chain of ownership running from the foreign entity. The application of this... Corporation. Example 4. Among the assets of foreign estate W are Blackacre and a block of stock, consisting of...

Dental insurance! Are we ready?

PubMed

Toor, Ravi S S; Jindal, R

2011-01-01

Dental insurance is insurance designed to pay the costs associated with dental care. The Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) bill which was put forward in the winter session of the Lok Sabha (2008) focused on increasing the foreign investment share from the existing 26% to 49% in the insurance companies of India. This will allow the multibillion dollar international insurance companies to enter the Indian market and subsequently cover all aspects of insurance in India. Dental insurance will be an integral a part of this system. Dental insurance is a new concept in Southeast Asia as very few countries in Southeast Asia cover this aspect of insurance. It is important that the dentists in India should be acquainted with the different types of plans these companies are going to offer and about a new relationship which is going to emerge in the coming years between dentist, patient and the insurance company.

Past and Future Performance: PEPFAR in the Landscape of Foreign Aid for Health.

PubMed

Bendavid, Eran

2016-10-01

This review traces the course of the US President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) as a foreign aid program. It illustrates how the epidemiologic and geopolitical environments of the early 2000s influenced PEPFAR's early directions and contributed to its successes. In addition to scaling up infrastructure and care delivery platforms, PEPFAR led to large increases in the number of people receiving antiretroviral therapy and reductions in mortality. These successes, in turn, have brought its principal challenges-its outsized budget, narrow focus, and problem of entitlement-into sharp relief. PEPFAR's recent evolution, then, has been in response to these challenges. This review suggests that PEPFAR's early formulation as an emergency response relieved it from a need to articulate clear goals, and that this freedom is now leading to new challenges as it struggles to identify priorities in the face of expectations to do more with a flat budget.

Pediatric foreign bodies and their management.

PubMed

Kay, Marsha; Wyllie, Robert

2005-06-01

Ingestion of foreign bodies is a common pediatric problem, with more than 100,000 cases occurring each year. The vast majority of pediatric ingestions are accidental; increasing incidence of intentional ingestions starts in the adolescent age group. In the United States, the most common pediatric foreign bodies ingested are coins, followed by a variety of other objects, including toys, toy parts, sharp objects, batteries, bones, and food. In adolescents and adults, meat or food impactions are the most common accidental foreign body ingestion. Esophageal pathology underlies most cases of food impaction. Management of foreign body ingestions varies based on the object ingested, its location, and the patient's age and size. Esophageal foreign bodies as a group require early intervention because of their potential to cause respiratory symptoms and complications, esophageal erosions, or even an aortoesophageal fistula. Ingested batteries that lodge in the esophagus require urgent endoscopic removal even in the asymptomatic patient due to the high risk of complications. Sharp foreign bodies increase the foreign body complication rate from less than 1% to 15% to 35%, except for straight pins, which usually follow a relatively benign course unless multiple pins are ingested. Magnets are increasingly ingested, due to their ubiquitous nature and the perception that they do not pose a risk. Ingestion of multiple magnets creates a significant risk of obstruction, perforation, and fistula development. Methods to deal with foreign bodies include the suture technique, the double snare technique, and the combined forceps/snare technique for long, large, and sharp foreign bodies, along with newer equipment, such as retrieval nets and a variety of specialized forceps.

[Brazilian biomedical publications in the international scientific literature. Endemic communicable diseases].

PubMed

de Souza, C A; Lima, J A; Schmitt, C M; Piegas, M H; Peixinho, A; Schmidt, A; de Lemos, A A

1986-01-01

The number of Brazilian periodicals listed in the Index Medicus dropped from 70 in 1964 to 15 in 1983, or 78%, while the total number of listed periodicals from other countries fell only 11%. The total number of articles published in Brazil on Chagas' disease, schistosomiasis, leishmaniasis, leprosy, malaria, and filariasis, and listed in the Index Medicus did not change significantly between 1965 and 1982, because, with the exception of the journal O Hospital, the Brazilian periodicals that published 74% of all articles on those diseases remained listed throughout the period considered. The predominant subjects in articles on endemic diseases were Chagas' disease and schistosomiasis, and in the later years there was a tendency to index more articles on basic than on applied research. The number of articles on Chagas' disease published by Brazilian authors directly in foreign journals increased considerably during the latter decade. Analysis of all the data together suggests that the developed countries select a specific portion of the Brazilian output of biomedical literature--which is kept listed in secondary and international publications or published directly in foreign journals--while another portion of the same output gradually loses visibility on the international scene.

Recent intensification of winter haze in China linked to foreign emissions and meteorology.

PubMed

Yang, Yang; Wang, Hailong; Smith, Steven J; Zhang, Rudong; Lou, Sijia; Qian, Yun; Ma, Po-Lun; Rasch, Philip J

2018-02-01

Wintertime aerosol pollution in the North China Plain has increased over the past several decades as anthropogenic emissions in China have increased, and has dramatically escalated since the beginning of the 21 st century, but the causes and their quantitative attributions remain unclear. Here we use an aerosol source tagging capability implemented in a global aerosol-climate model to assess long-term trends of PM 2.5 (particulate matter less than 2.5 μm in diameter) in the North China Plain. Our analysis suggests that the impact of China's increasing domestic emissions on PM 2.5 concentrations over the last two decades of 20 th century was partially offset (13%) by decreasing foreign emission over this period. As foreign emissions stabilized after 2000, their counteracting effect almost disappeared, uncovering the impact of China's increasing domestic emissions that had been partially offset in previous years by reductions in foreign emissions. A slowdown in the impact from foreign emission reductions together with weakening winds explain 25% of the increased PM 2.5 trend over 2000-2014 as compared to 1980-2000. Further reductions in foreign emissions are not expected to relieve China's pollution in the future. Reducing local emissions is the most certain way to improve future air quality in the North China Plain.

Linking Foreign Language to Occupational Education in a Rural High School: Foreign Language with Criminal Justice and Travel & Tourism.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Connors, William R.

Ticonderoga High School (New York) has succeeded in increasing enrollments in foreign language courses beyond the college bound, Regents-level students who usually choose such courses. The school is located in the Adirondack Mountains, a region that, in the past decade, has seen increases both in prison construction and in tourism by…

Identifying the Perceptual Learning Styles of Foreign Language Learners: A Comparative Study in TR63 (Osmaniye, Hatay and Kahramanmaras)

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kurt, Mehmet; Bilginer, Hayriye

2016-01-01

In the globalizing world economy, for the realization of international trade is increasing the need for foreign language learning. TR63 (Kahramanmaras, Osmaniye and Hatay) region is increasing its export every day. Besides these advances, interest is awakening in foreign language education among the region. In preparing syllabus for this kind of…

Listening as a Method of Learning a Foreign Language at the Non-Language Faculty of the University

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kondrateva, Irina G.; Safina, Minnisa S.; Valeev, Agzam A.

2016-01-01

Learning a foreign language is becoming an increasingly important with Russia's integration into the world community. In this regard, increased requirements for the educational process and the development of new innovative teaching methods meet the requirements of the time. One of the important aspects of learning a foreign language is listening…

Attenuated Shigella as a DNA Delivery Vehicle for DNA-Mediated Immunization

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sizemore, Donata R.; Branstrom, Arthur A.; Sadoff, Jerald C.

1995-10-01

Direct inoculation of DNA, in the form of purified bacterial plasmids that are unable to replicate in mammalian cells but are able to direct cell synthesis of foreign proteins, is being explored as an approach to vaccine development. Here, a highly attenuated Shigella vector invaded mammalian cells and delivered such plasmids into the cytoplasm of cells, and subsequent production of functional foreign protein was measured. Because this Shigella vector was designed to deliver DNA to colonic mucosa, the method is a potential basis for oral and other mucosal DNA immunization and gene therapy strategies.

A Qualitative Research on the Teaching Strategies and Class Applications of the High School Teachers Who Teach English in Turkey as a Foreign Language

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gocer, Ali

2010-01-01

Nowadays, whichever position the individuals work in, they feel the need to learn a foreign language even a second foreign language. In parallel with the need for a foreign language, the importance of the foreign language teaching increases. In language teaching, conditions such as the facilities of the environment, learner's features, the social…

Mortality among retired fur workers. Dyers, dressers (tanners) and service workers.

PubMed

Sweeney, M H; Walrath, J; Waxweiler, R J

1985-08-01

A retrospective cohort mortality study was conducted on 807 fur dyers, fur dressers (tanners), and fur service workers who were pensioned between 1952 and 1977 by the Fur, Leather and Machine Workers Union of New York City. Workplace exposures of fur workers varied with job category. Dyers were exposed to oxidative dyes used in commercial hair dyes; dressers and service workers were exposed to tanning chemicals. In a comparison with the New York City population, no significant increases in mortality were observed among the fur dyers. Among fur dressers, mortality from all malignant neoplasms [standardized mortality ratio (SMR) 151] and lung cancer (SMR 232) was significantly elevated, as was mortality from cardiovascular disease (SMR 126) among fur service workers. When examined by ethnic origin, the elevated SMR values and directly age-adjusted rate ratios suggested that foreign-born fur dressers and eastern European-born fur workers experienced the highest risks for lung and colorectal cancers, respectively. These data support previous findings of increased mortality from colorectal cancer in the foreign-born population of the United States and suggest a possible occupational etiology for the observed lung cancer excess.

Endoscopic Management of Foreign Bodies in the Upper Gastrointestinal Tract of Adults

PubMed Central

Yao, Chih-Chien; Wu, I-Ting; Lu, Lung-Sheng; Lin, Sheng-Chieh; Liang, Chih-Ming; Kuo, Yuan-Hung; Yang, Shih-Cheng; Wu, Cheng-Kun; Wang, Hsing-Ming; Kuo, Chung-Huang; Chiou, Shue-Shian; Wu, Keng-Liang; Chiu, Yi-Chun; Chuah, Seng-Kee; Tai, Wei-Chen

2015-01-01

Background. Foreign object ingestion and food bolus impaction are a common clinical problem. We report our clinical experiences in endoscopic management for adults, foreign body ingestion, and food bolus impaction. Method. A retrospective chart review study was conducted on adult patients with foreign body ingestion and food bolus impaction between January 2011 and November 2014. Patients with incomplete medical records were excluded. Results. A total of 198 patients (226 incidents) were included in the study (male/female: 1.54/1; age 57 ± 16 years). Among them, 168 foreign bodies were found successfully (74.3%). 75.6% of the foreign bodies were located in the esophagus. Food bolus impaction was most common (41.6%). 93.5% of foreign bodies in current study cohort were successfully extracted and 5 patients required surgical interventions. Comparisons between symptomatic and asymptomatic patients revealed that locations of foreign bodies in the pharynx and esophagus were the significant relevant factors (P < 0.001). Shorter time taken to initiate endoscopic interventions increased detection rate (289.75 ± 465.94 versus 471.06 ± 659.93 minutes, P = 0.028). Conclusion. Endoscopic management is a safe and highly effective procedure in extracting foreign body ingestion and food bolus impaction. Prompt endoscopic interventions can increase the chance of successful foreign bodies' detection. PMID:26258140

Endoscopic Management of Foreign Bodies in the Upper Gastrointestinal Tract of Adults.

PubMed

Yao, Chih-Chien; Wu, I-Ting; Lu, Lung-Sheng; Lin, Sheng-Chieh; Liang, Chih-Ming; Kuo, Yuan-Hung; Yang, Shih-Cheng; Wu, Cheng-Kun; Wang, Hsing-Ming; Kuo, Chung-Huang; Chiou, Shue-Shian; Wu, Keng-Liang; Chiu, Yi-Chun; Chuah, Seng-Kee; Tai, Wei-Chen

2015-01-01

Foreign object ingestion and food bolus impaction are a common clinical problem. We report our clinical experiences in endoscopic management for adults, foreign body ingestion, and food bolus impaction. A retrospective chart review study was conducted on adult patients with foreign body ingestion and food bolus impaction between January 2011 and November 2014. Patients with incomplete medical records were excluded. A total of 198 patients (226 incidents) were included in the study (male/female: 1.54/1; age 57 ± 16 years). Among them, 168 foreign bodies were found successfully (74.3%). 75.6% of the foreign bodies were located in the esophagus. Food bolus impaction was most common (41.6%). 93.5% of foreign bodies in current study cohort were successfully extracted and 5 patients required surgical interventions. Comparisons between symptomatic and asymptomatic patients revealed that locations of foreign bodies in the pharynx and esophagus were the significant relevant factors (P < 0.001). Shorter time taken to initiate endoscopic interventions increased detection rate (289.75 ± 465.94 versus 471.06 ± 659.93 minutes, P = 0.028). Endoscopic management is a safe and highly effective procedure in extracting foreign body ingestion and food bolus impaction. Prompt endoscopic interventions can increase the chance of successful foreign bodies' detection.

78 FR 11141 - BE-577: Quarterly Survey of U.S. Direct Investment Abroad- Direct Transactions of U.S. Reporter...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-02-15

... BE-577: Quarterly Survey of U.S. Direct Investment Abroad-- Direct Transactions of U.S. Reporter With... that it is conducting the mandatory surveys titled BE-577, Quarterly Survey of U.S. Direct Investment Abroad--Direct Transactions of U.S. Reporter with Foreign Affiliate. This survey is authorized by the...

Foreign Students in the United States: Is the Welcome Mat Out?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Eddy, Margot Sanders

Problems facing foreign students in American colleges and universities are examined. With the number of foreign students studying in the United States increasing each year (over 203,000 in 1976-77), services for foreign students need to be expanded with more emphasis on improving orientation programs. Preadmission screening and counseling are…

Independent Chinese-Foreign Collaborative Universities and Their Quest for Legitimacy

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Li. Zhang; Kinser, Kevin

2016-01-01

A new organization often encounters the liability of newness that increases its chance of failing as a startup enterprise (Freeman, Carroll, and Hannan 1983). New organizations located in a foreign country also face the liability of foreignness (Zaheer and Mosakowski 1997), as cultural differences make new foreign ventures especially risky.…

Asymmetric MF-DCCA method based on risk conduction and its application in the Chinese and foreign stock markets

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Cao, Guangxi; Han, Yan; Li, Qingchen; Xu, Wei

2017-02-01

The acceleration of economic globalization gradually shows the linkage of the stock markets in various counties and produces a risk conduction effect. An asymmetric MF-DCCA method is conducted based on the different directions of risk conduction (DMF-ADCCA) and by using the traditional MF-DCCA. To ensure that the empirical results are more objective and robust, this study selects the stock index data of China, the US, Germany, India, and Brazil from January 2011 to September 2014 using the asymmetric MF-DCCA method based on different risk conduction effects and nonlinear Granger causality tests to study the asymmetric cross-correlation between domestic and foreign stock markets. Empirical results indicate the existence of a bidirectional conduction effect between domestic and foreign stock markets, and the greater influence degree from foreign countries to domestic market compared with that from the domestic market to foreign countries.

Ethical Perceptions of Customers Towards the Services of Foreign Branch Banks in Northern Cyprus

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Veli Safakli, Okan

Nowadays, the ethical principles, which are institutionalized as generally accepted principles like the human rights, have become very popular in the banking sector like in many other sectors. The implementation of these principles provides public trust and reputation as well as competitive edge to the banks. The branches of the foreign banks, which have their head offices in foreign countries, are expected to be in harmony with the ethical principles more than the local banks. Therefore, ethical perceptions of customers towards the services of the foreign branch banks in Northern Cyprus have been researched in this study. According to this survey, it was found out that the foreign branch banks, generally, respect the ethical principles as expected. However, there is a necessity of institutional and administrative restructuring in the direction of improving the quality of the ethic standards used in these banks.

Factor analysis of the Foreign Language Classroom Anxiety Scale in Korean learners of English as a foreign language.

PubMed

Park, Gi-Pyo

2014-08-01

This study examined the latent constructs of the Foreign Language Classroom Anxiety Scale (FLCAS) using two different groups of Korean English as a foreign language (EFL) university students. Maximum likelihood exploratory factor analysis with direct oblimin rotation was performed among the first group of 217 participants and produced two meaningful latent components in the FLCAS. The two components of the FLCAS were closely examined among the second group of 244 participants to find the extent to which the two components of the FLCAS fit the data. The model fit indexes showed that the two-factor model in general adequately fit the data. Findings of this study were discussed with the focus on the two components of the FLCAS, followed by future study areas to be undertaken to shed further light on the role of foreign language anxiety in L2 acquisition.

Linearly Adjustable International Portfolios

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Fonseca, R. J.; Kuhn, D.; Rustem, B.

2010-09-01

We present an approach to multi-stage international portfolio optimization based on the imposition of a linear structure on the recourse decisions. Multiperiod decision problems are traditionally formulated as stochastic programs. Scenario tree based solutions however can become intractable as the number of stages increases. By restricting the space of decision policies to linear rules, we obtain a conservative tractable approximation to the original problem. Local asset prices and foreign exchange rates are modelled separately, which allows for a direct measure of their impact on the final portfolio value.

The pricing of U.S. hospital services: chaos behind a veil of secrecy.

PubMed

Reinhardt, Uwe E

2006-01-01

Although Americans and foreigners alike tend to think of the U.S. health care system as being a "market-driven" system, the prices actually paid for health care goods and services in that system have remained remarkably opaque. This paper describes how U.S. hospitals now price their services to the various third-party payers and self-paying patients, and how that system would have to be changed to accommodate the increasingly popular concept of "consumer-directed health care."

Asia Pivot: The U.S. India Defense Initiative: A New Standard for Improved Cooperation and Trade

DTIC Science & Technology

2016-07-01

changes to increase U.S. investment . One particular area where change has to be care­ fully planned is its ceiling on permitted foreign direct invest­... innovative investments that will benefit both countries for generations. There is a need to define where we want to go and then make it possible to get...in the Asia­Pacific region. New investments by the United States in technology, weapon systems, innovative operational plans and tactics—and regional

15 CFR 806.3 - Reporting requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... be required from among others, U.S. persons which have direct investment abroad, U.S. persons in which foreign persons have direct investment, U.S. intermediaries, and U.S. persons which assist or... OF ECONOMIC ANALYSIS, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE DIRECT INVESTMENT SURVEYS § 806.3 Reporting requirements...

Exploring the impact of foreign direct investment on tobacco consumption in the former Soviet Union

PubMed Central

Gilmore, A; McKee, M

2005-01-01

Background: Tobacco is the single largest cause of morbidity and mortality in the developed world; in the former socialist bloc tobacco kills twice as many men as in the west. Although evidence shows that liberalisation of the cigarette trade through the elimination of import barriers leads to significant increases in consumption, far less is known about the impact of foreign direct investment on cigarette consumption. This paper seeks to explore the impact that the substantial transnational tobacco company investments have had on patterns of tobacco trade and consumption in the former Soviet Union. Design: Routine data were used to explore trends in cigarette trade and consumption in the 15 countries of the former Soviet Union from the 1960s to the present day. Comparisons were made between trends in countries that have received substantial investment from the tobacco transnationals and countries that have not. Results: Between 1991 and 2000 cigarette production increased by 96% in countries receiving industry investment and by 11% in countries that did not. Over the same period cigarette consumption increased by 40%; the increase was concentrated in countries receiving investments. Despite these investments, cigarette imports still outweigh exports and no trade surplus has yet to result. Conclusions: The findings suggest that liberalisation of inward investment has a significant and positive impact on cigarette consumption and that without appropriate safeguards, market liberalisation may have long term negative impacts on health. Specific trade rules are needed to govern trade and investment in this uniquely harmful product. Implementation of effective tobacco control policies should precede tobacco industry privatisation. International financial organisations pressing for privatisation should ensure this occurs. PMID:15735295

Exploring the impact of foreign direct investment on tobacco consumption in the former Soviet Union.

PubMed

Gilmore, A B; McKee, M

2005-02-01

Tobacco is the single largest cause of morbidity and mortality in the developed world; in the former socialist bloc tobacco kills twice as many men as in the west. Although evidence shows that liberalisation of the cigarette trade through the elimination of import barriers leads to significant increases in consumption, far less is known about the impact of foreign direct investment on cigarette consumption. This paper seeks to explore the impact that the substantial transnational tobacco company investments have had on patterns of tobacco trade and consumption in the former Soviet Union. Routine data were used to explore trends in cigarette trade and consumption in the 15 countries of the former Soviet Union from the 1960s to the present day. Comparisons were made between trends in countries that have received substantial investment from the tobacco transnationals and countries that have not. Between 1991 and 2000 cigarette production increased by 96% in countries receiving industry investment and by 11% in countries that did not. Over the same period cigarette consumption increased by 40%; the increase was concentrated in countries receiving investments. Despite these investments, cigarette imports still outweigh exports and no trade surplus has yet to result. The findings suggest that liberalisation of inward investment has a significant and positive impact on cigarette consumption and that without appropriate safeguards, market liberalisation may have long term negative impacts on health. Specific trade rules are needed to govern trade and investment in this uniquely harmful product. Implementation of effective tobacco control policies should precede tobacco industry privatisation. International financial organisations pressing for privatisation should ensure this occurs.

15 CFR 13.8 - Opportunity to comment on proposed Federal financial assistance and direct Federal development.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... Federal financial assistance and direct Federal development. 13.8 Section 13.8 Commerce and Foreign Trade... ACTIVITIES § 13.8 Opportunity to comment on proposed Federal financial assistance and direct Federal development. (a) Except in unusual circumstances, the Secretary gives state processes or directly affected...

The role of foreign direct investment in the nutrition transition.

PubMed

Hawkes, Corinna

2005-06-01

To examine the role of foreign direct investment (FDI) in the nutrition transition, focusing on highly processed foods. Data on FDI were identified from reports/databases and then compiled and analysed. A review of published literature on FDI into the food sector was conducted. The nutrition transition is a public health concern owing to its connection with the rising burden of obesity and diet-related chronic diseases in developing countries. Global health leaders are calling for action to address the threat. Highly processed foods often have considerable fat, sugar and salt content, and warrant closer examination. FDI into food processing, service and retail has risen rapidly since the 1980s, mainly from transnational food companies (TFCs) in developed countries. As FDI has risen, so has the proportion invested in highly processed foods for sale in the host market. FDI has proved more effective than trade in generating sales of highly processed foods, and enables TFCs to cut costs, gain market power and obtain efficiencies in distribution and marketing. The amount of FDI targeted at developing countries is increasing; while a disproportionate share enters the larger developing economies, foreign affiliates of TFCs are among the largest companies in low- and low- to middle-income countries. The effect of FDI is to make more highly processed foods available to more people. FDI has made it possible to lower prices, open up new purchasing channels, optimise the effectiveness of marketing and advertising, and increase sales. FDI has been a key mechanism in shaping the global market for highly processed foods. Notwithstanding the role of demand-side factors, it has played a role in the nutrition transition by enabling and promoting the consumption of these foods in developing countries. Empirical data on consumption patterns of highly processed foods in developing countries are critically needed, but since FDI is a long-term investment vehicle, it is reasonable to assume that availability and consumption of highly processed foods will continue to increase. FDI can, however, bring considerable benefits as well as risks. Through its position 'upstream', FDI would therefore be an appropriate entry-point to implement a range of public health policies to 'redirect' the nutrition transition.

[International trade in health services and the medical industrial complex: implications for national health systems].

PubMed

Santos, Maria Angelica Borges dos; Passos, Sonia Regina Lambert

2010-08-01

Health services have increasingly proven to be an innovative sector, gaining prominence in the medical industrial complex through expansion to public and international markets. International trade can foster economic development and redirect the resources and infrastructure available for healthcare in different countries in favorable or unfavorable directions. Wherever private providers play a significant role in government-funded healthcare, GATS commitments may restrict health policy options in subscribing countries. Systematic information on the impacts of electronic health services, medical tourism, health workers' migration, and foreign direct investment is needed on a case-by-case basis to build evidence for informed decision-making, so as to maximize opportunities and minimize risks of GATS commitments.

Training Cubs for the Celtic Tiger: The Volume Production of Technical Graduates in the Irish Educational System

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wickham, James; Boucher, Gerard W.

2004-01-01

This article examines the claim that the Irish educational system was one cause of Ireland's rapid economic growth in the 1990s. For decades Irish economic policy has assumed that economic growth depended on foreign direct investment (FDI). During the 1990s, Irish exports largely comprised high-technology manufacturing products; foreign-owned…

Adults' and 8-Year-Olds' Learning in a Foreign Word Repetition Task: Similar and Different

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Service, Elisabet; Yli-Kaitala, Hely; Maury, Sini; Kim, Jeong-Young

2014-01-01

Although the significance of age in second language acquisition is one of the most hotly debated issues in the field, very few studies have directly addressed age differences in the language learning process. The present study investigated learning in a foreign-word repetition task. Young Finnish adults and 8-year-olds repeated back Korean words.…

Combat Literacy: Creating a Command Climate With Greater Appreciation for the Operational Role of Foreign Language

DTIC Science & Technology

2009-10-23

language and culture of the battle space is critical to effective operational design. Analysis of steps taken by the U.S. military to provide the...advocacy. 15. SUBJECT TERMS Foreign Language, Culture , Linguists, Interpreters, Translators, Training, Situational Awareness 16. SECURITY...DIRECTION 10 CHANGING THE CULTURE 12 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 16 NOTES 18 BIBLIOGRAPHY

Using the Multicultural Family Support Centers and Adjustment among Interethnic and Interracial Families in South Korea

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Chung, Grace H.; Yoo, Joan P.

2013-01-01

The present study proposes a model of using the Multicultural Family Support Centers and adjustment among foreign brides and their interethnic and interracial families in South Korea based on the narratives of 10 foreign brides married to Korean men and 11 service providers who directly interact with these women and their families. The results…

Maintaining Foreign Language Skills for the Advanced-Course Dropout. ERIC Focus Reports on the Teaching of Foreign Languages, Number 1.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Grittner, Frank M.

The nationwide need for maintenance of skills programs for students who discontinue their language studies 1-3 years before college is explained. Figures based on a national questionnaire identify the extent of this need, and possible program objectives and structure are suggested. Major attention is directed to such student activities as…

77 FR 42945 - Delegation of Certain Functions Under Section 570(e) of the Foreign Operations, Export Financing...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-07-20

... Certain Functions Under Section 570(e) of the Foreign Operations, Export Financing, and Related Programs..., United States Code, I hereby delegate to you the function and authority specified in section 570(e) of... new investment in Burma under section 570(b) of the Act. You are authorized and directed to publish...

34 CFR 600.57 - Additional criteria for determining whether a foreign nursing school is eligible to apply to...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... nursing school is eligible to apply to participate in the Direct Loan Program. 600.57 Section 600.57... (FFEL) Programs § 600.57 Additional criteria for determining whether a foreign nursing school is... nursing school that was participating in any title IV, HEA program on August 13, 2008, and effective July...

34 CFR 600.57 - Additional criteria for determining whether a foreign nursing school is eligible to apply to...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... nursing school is eligible to apply to participate in the Direct Loan Program. 600.57 Section 600.57... (FFEL) Programs § 600.57 Additional criteria for determining whether a foreign nursing school is... nursing school that was participating in any title IV, HEA program on August 13, 2008, and effective July...

34 CFR 600.57 - Additional criteria for determining whether a foreign nursing school is eligible to apply to...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... nursing school is eligible to apply to participate in the Direct Loan Program. 600.57 Section 600.57... (FFEL) Programs § 600.57 Additional criteria for determining whether a foreign nursing school is... nursing school that was participating in any title IV, HEA program on August 13, 2008, and effective July...

34 CFR 600.57 - Additional criteria for determining whether a foreign nursing school is eligible to apply to...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... nursing school is eligible to apply to participate in the Direct Loan Program. 600.57 Section 600.57... (FFEL) Programs § 600.57 Additional criteria for determining whether a foreign nursing school is... nursing school that was participating in any title IV, HEA program on August 13, 2008, and effective July...

Fluoroscopy-Guided Endoscopic Removal of Foreign Bodies.

PubMed

Kim, Junhwan; Ahn, Ji Yong; So, Seol; Lee, Mingee; Oh, Kyunghwan; Jung, Hwoon-Yong

2017-03-01

In most cases of ingested foreign bodies, endoscopy is the first treatment of choice. Moreover, emergency endoscopic removal is required for sharp and pointed foreign bodies such as animal or fish bones, food boluses, and button batteries due to the increased risks of perforation, obstruction, and bleeding. Here, we presented two cases that needed emergency endoscopic removal of foreign bodies without sufficient fasting time. Foreign bodies could not be visualized by endoscopy due to food residue; therefore, fluoroscopic imaging was utilized for endoscopic removal of foreign bodies in both cases.

Study on the causes and methods of influencing concrete deflection

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhou, Ying; Zhou, Xiang; Tang, Jinyu

2017-09-01

Under the long-term effect of static load on reinforced concrete beam, the stiffness decreases and the deformation increases with time. Therefore, the calculation of deflection is more complicated. According to the domestic and foreign research results by experiment the flexural deflection of reinforced concrete, creep, age, the thickness of the protective layer, the relative slip, the combination of steel yielding factors of reinforced concrete deflection are summarized, analyzed the advantages and disadvantages of the traditional direct measurement of deflection, that by increasing the beam height, increasing the moment of inertia, ncrease prestressed reinforcement ratio, arching, reduce the load, and other measures to reduce the deflection of prestressed construction, improve the reliability of structure.

Increase in pediatric magnet-related foreign bodies requiring emergency care.

PubMed

Silverman, Jonathan A; Brown, Julie C; Willis, Margaret M; Ebel, Beth E

2013-12-01

We describe magnetic foreign body injuries among children and obtain national estimates of magnetic foreign body injury incidence over time. We searched the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System for cases of magnetic foreign bodies in children younger than 21 years in the United States, from 2002 to 2011. Cases were analyzed by location: alimentary or respiratory tract, nasal cavity, ear canal, or genital area. We identified 893 cases of magnetic foreign bodies, corresponding to 22,581 magnetic foreign body cases during a 10-year period (95% confidence interval [CI] 17,694 to 27,469). Most magnetic foreign bodies were ingested (74%) or intranasal (21%). Mean age was 5.2 years for ingested magnetic foreign bodies and 10.1 years for nasal magnetic foreign bodies (difference 4.9; 95% CI 4.1 to 5.6), suggesting different circumstances of injury. The incidence of pediatric magnet ingestions increased from 2002 to 2003 from 0.57 cases per 100,000 children per year (95% CI 0.22 to 0.92) to a peak in 2010 to 2011 of 3.06 cases per 100,000 children per year (95% CI 2.16 to 3.96). Most ingested magnetic foreign bodies (73%) and multiple magnet ingestions (91%) occurred in 2007 or later. Patients were admitted in 15.7% of multiple magnet ingestions versus 2.3% of single magnet ingestions (difference 13.4%; 95% CI 2.8% to 24.0%). Magnet-related injuries are an increasing public health problem for young children, as well for older children who may use magnets for play or to imitate piercings. Education and improved magnet safety standards may decrease the risk small magnets pose to children. Copyright © 2013 American College of Emergency Physicians. Published by Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved.

The impact of biomass energy consumption on pollution: evidence from 80 developed and developing countries.

PubMed

Solarin, Sakiru Adebola; Al-Mulali, Usama; Gan, Gerald Goh Guan; Shahbaz, Muhammad

2018-05-30

The aim of this research is to explore the effect of biomass energy consumption on CO 2 emissions in 80 developed and developing countries. To achieve robustness, the system generalised method of moment was used and several control variables were incorporated into the model including real GDP, fossil fuel consumption, hydroelectricity production, urbanisation, population, foreign direct investment, financial development, institutional quality and the Kyoto protocol. Relying on the classification of the World Bank, the countries were categorised to developed and developing countries. We also used a dynamic common correlated effects estimator. The results consistently show that biomass energy as well as fossil fuel consumption generate more CO 2 emissions. A closer look at the results show that a 100% increase in biomass consumption (tonnes per capita) will increase CO 2 emissions (metric tons per capita) within the range of 2 to 47%. An increase of biomass energy intensity (biomass consumption in tonnes divided by real gross domestic product) of 100% will increase CO 2 emissions (metric tons per capita) within the range of 4 to 47%. An increase of fossil fuel consumption (tonnes of oil equivalent per capita) by 100% will increase CO 2 emissions (metric tons per capita) within the range of 35 to 55%. The results further show that real GDP urbanisation and population increase CO 2 emissions. However, hydroelectricity and institutional quality decrease CO 2 emissions. It is further observed that financial development, foreign direct investment and openness decrease CO 2 emissions in the developed countries, but the opposite results are found for the developing nations. The results also show that the Kyoto Protocol reduces emission and that Environmental Kuznets Curve exists. Among the policy implications of the foregoing results is the necessity of substituting fossil fuels with other types of renewable energy (such as hydropower) rather than biomass energy for reduction of emission to be achieved.

An unusual intracranial metallic foreign bodies and panhypopituitarism.

PubMed

Lakouichmi, Mohammed; Baïzri, Hicham; Mouhsine, Abdelilah; Boukhira, Abderrahmane; Akhaddar, Ali

2014-01-01

A 49 years old man, with a history of aggression at the age of 18 years by a pair of scissors, who consulted for unilateral migraine headaches look straight. Paraclinical explorations concluded that trauma to anterior pituitary by a metallic foreign body from the right nostril to the sella, responsible for panhypopituitarism and sinusitis. The headaches are frequent causes of consultation, often treated symptomatically but rarely explored. The direct trauma to the pituitary gland, by a metallic foreign body, is exceptional. We report the case of neglected panhypopituitarism, discovered 31 years after injury with a pair of scissors.

An unusual intracranial metallic foreign bodies and panhypopituitarism

PubMed Central

Lakouichmi, Mohammed; Baïzri, Hicham; Mouhsine, Abdelilah; Boukhira, Abderrahmane; Akhaddar, Ali

2014-01-01

A 49 years old man, with a history of aggression at the age of 18 years by a pair of scissors, who consulted for unilateral migraine headaches look straight. Paraclinical explorations concluded that trauma to anterior pituitary by a metallic foreign body from the right nostril to the sella, responsible for panhypopituitarism and sinusitis. The headaches are frequent causes of consultation, often treated symptomatically but rarely explored. The direct trauma to the pituitary gland, by a metallic foreign body, is exceptional. We report the case of neglected panhypopituitarism, discovered 31 years after injury with a pair of scissors. PMID:25667695

Recent intensification of winter haze in China linked to foreign emissions and meteorology

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Yang, Yang; Wang, Hailong; Smith, Steven J.

Wintertime aerosol pollution in Northern China has increased over the past several decades as anthropogenic emissions in China have increased, and has increased dramatically since the beginning of the 21st century, but the causes and their quantitative contributions remain uncertain. Here we use an aerosol source tagging capability implemented in a global aerosol-climate model to assess long-term trends of PM2.5 (particulate matter less than 2.5 μm in diameter) in Northern China. Our analysis suggests that increasing PM2.5 concentrations due to local emission increases within China were obscured (~13%) by foreign emission reductions between 1980–2000. As foreign emissions stabilized during 2000-2014,more » their counteracting effect almost disappeared, uncovering China’s pollution potential from domestic emission increases. The meteorology dominated PM2.5 trend during 1990–1996 and also uncovered the pollution potential due to decadal variations in winds. The stabilized foreign emissions together with changing meteorology explain a quarter of the larger increasing trend of PM2.5 since the beginning of the 21st century. Future foreign emissions are not expected to help hiding China’s pollution, reductions in local emissions are the efficient way to improve future air quality in Northern China.« less

Recent intensification of winter haze in China linked to foreign emissions and meteorology

DOE PAGES

Yang, Yang; Wang, Hailong; Smith, Steven J.; ...

2018-02-01

Wintertime aerosol pollution in Northern China has increased over the past several decades as anthropogenic emissions in China have increased, and has increased dramatically since the beginning of the 21st century, but the causes and their quantitative contributions remain uncertain. Here we use an aerosol source tagging capability implemented in a global aerosol-climate model to assess long-term trends of PM2.5 (particulate matter less than 2.5 μm in diameter) in Northern China. Our analysis suggests that increasing PM2.5 concentrations due to local emission increases within China were obscured (~13%) by foreign emission reductions between 1980–2000. As foreign emissions stabilized during 2000-2014,more » their counteracting effect almost disappeared, uncovering China’s pollution potential from domestic emission increases. The meteorology dominated PM2.5 trend during 1990–1996 and also uncovered the pollution potential due to decadal variations in winds. The stabilized foreign emissions together with changing meteorology explain a quarter of the larger increasing trend of PM2.5 since the beginning of the 21st century. Future foreign emissions are not expected to help hiding China’s pollution, reductions in local emissions are the efficient way to improve future air quality in Northern China.« less

Migration of Foreign Students to the United States.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Agarwal, Vinod B.; Winkler, Donald R.

1985-01-01

Foreign student enrollments in US postsecondary institutions have increased tenfold in the last 25 years. The changing characteristics of foreign students and how the enrollments have risen despite changing immigration regulations that have restrained migration are described. (Author/MLW)

15 CFR Appendix to Part 1180 - Sample Funding Agreement Clause for Direct Submission of Products

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... Commerce and Foreign Trade (Continued) TECHNOLOGY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE TRANSFER BY... INFORMATION SERVICE Pt. 1180, App. Appendix to Part 1180—Sample Funding Agreement Clause for Direct Submission...

Japanese direct investment and its impact on migration in the ASEAN 4.

PubMed

Ito, S; Iguchi, Y

1994-01-01

"The purpose of this article is to show the relationship among Japanese direct investment...,domestic labor markets, and international labor migration in ASEAN-4 countries (Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, and Thailand). The effects of foreign direct investment on skilled labor migration are also considered." excerpt

77 FR 58979 - Proposed Information Collection; Comment Request; Direct Investment Surveys: BE-15, Annual Survey...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-09-25

... Request; Direct Investment Surveys: BE-15, Annual Survey of Foreign Direct Investment in the United States... to David H. Galler, Chief, Direct Investment Division (BE- 50), Bureau of Economic Analysis, U.S... Investment in the United States (Form BE-15) obtains sample data on the financial structure and operations of...

22 CFR 72.30 - Provisions in a will or advanced directive regarding disposition of remains.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 22 Foreign Relations 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Provisions in a will or advanced directive... Decreased United States Citizen Or National § 72.30 Provisions in a will or advanced directive regarding disposition of remains. United States state law regarding advance directives, deaths and estates include...

75 FR 76630 - Direct Investment Surveys: BE-577, Quarterly Survey of U.S. Direct Investment Abroad-Direct...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-12-09

... between U.S.-owned foreign business enterprises and their U.S. parents. Through this rule, BEA will modify... other investment, for which statistics are collected by the Treasury Department through the Treasury... statistics for income and direct investment position--will drop out of the sample and will be estimated based...

Predictors That Influence Job Satisfaction of Foreign-Born Faculty at a Midwest Higher Educational Institution

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Reeder, Mei

2016-01-01

Despite the increase of foreign-born faculty in U.S. higher educational institutions, studies of the factors that challenge foreign-born faculty at higher educational institutions in the U.S. remain scarce. The purpose of this quantitative study is to examine factors that impact the level of job satisfaction of foreign-born faculty at a Midwestern…

The Potential Sources of Foreign Language Reading Anxiety in a Jordanian EFL Context: A Theoretical Framework

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ahmad, Ismail Sheikh; Al-Shboul, Murad M.; Nordin, Mohamad Sahari; Rahman, Zainurin Abdul; Burhan, Mohd; Madarsha, Kamal Basha

2013-01-01

The last decade has witnessed an increasing research trend on foreign language reading anxiety as a skill related to but distinct from foreign language anxiety. However, sources of foreign language reading anxiety have rarely been investigated. Thus, the current study responds to the study by (Saito, Horwitz, & Garza, 1999) and extends the…

[Emigration from the Maghreb since 1946].

PubMed

Verhaeren R-e

1995-01-01

"Just after the Second World War, during the period of rapid economic growth, North African emigration, to France in particular, increases considerably. Later on, during the crisis, emigration still increases, but is directed towards other European countries. The crisis moreover reveals that these workforce migrations not only play a major role of regulation of the conditions [of] the job market, but also play a role of structural complementarity of national workforces, at least as far as certain levels of the market are concerned; and this to the extent that a high national unemployment rate can co-exist with a high rate of employment of foreign workers." (EXCERPT)

Do foreign direct investment and renewable energy consumption affect the CO2 emissions? New evidence from a panel ARDL approach to Kyoto Annex countries.

PubMed

Mert, Mehmet; Bölük, Gülden

2016-11-01

This study examines the impact of foreign direct investment (FDI) and the potential of renewable energy consumption on carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) emissions in 21 Kyoto countries using an unbalanced panel data. For this purpose, Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis was tested using panel cointegration analysis. Panel causality tests show that there are significant long-run causalities from the variables to carbon emissions, renewable energy consumption, fossil fuel energy consumption and inflow foreign direct investments. The results of our model support the pollution haloes hypothesis which states that FDI brings in clean technology and improves the environmental standards. However, an inverted U-shaped relationship (EKC) was not supported by the estimated model for the 21 Kyoto countries. This means that economic growth cannot ensure environmental protection itself or environmental goals cannot await economic growth. Another important finding is that renewable energy consumption decreases carbon emissions. Based on the empirical results, some important policy implications emerge. Kyoto countries should stimulate the FDI inflows and usage of renewable energy consumption to mitigate the air pollution and meet the emission targets. This paper provides new insights into environment and energy policies through FDI inclusion.

22 CFR 62.30 - Camp counselors.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... programs promote international understanding by improving American knowledge of foreign cultures while enabling foreign participants to increase their knowledge of American culture. The foreign participants are... previously participated in a camp counselor exchange. (j) In order to ensure that as many different...

26 CFR 1.643(h)-1 - Distributions by certain foreign trusts through intermediaries.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... were to loan money directly to B, section 643(i) would apply. FT deposits 500X with FB, a foreign bank, on June 30, 2001. On July 1, 2001, FB loans 400X to B. Repayment of the loan is guaranteed by FT's 500X deposit. B is unable to demonstrate to the satisfaction of the Commissioner that FB has a...

26 CFR 1.643(h)-1 - Distributions by certain foreign trusts through intermediaries.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... were to loan money directly to B, section 643(i) would apply. FT deposits 500X with FB, a foreign bank, on June 30, 2001. On July 1, 2001, FB loans 400X to B. Repayment of the loan is guaranteed by FT's 500X deposit. B is unable to demonstrate to the satisfaction of the Commissioner that FB has a...

26 CFR 1.643(h)-1 - Distributions by certain foreign trusts through intermediaries.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... were to loan money directly to B, section 643(i) would apply. FT deposits 500X with FB, a foreign bank, on June 30, 2001. On July 1, 2001, FB loans 400X to B. Repayment of the loan is guaranteed by FT's 500X deposit. B is unable to demonstrate to the satisfaction of the Commissioner that FB has a...

26 CFR 1.643(h)-1 - Distributions by certain foreign trusts through intermediaries.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... were to loan money directly to B, section 643(i) would apply. FT deposits 500X with FB, a foreign bank, on June 30, 2001. On July 1, 2001, FB loans 400X to B. Repayment of the loan is guaranteed by FT's 500X deposit. B is unable to demonstrate to the satisfaction of the Commissioner that FB has a...

China’s Economic Conditions

DTIC Science & Technology

2008-11-20

occurred during the 1997-1998 Asian financial crisis when it offered financial assistance to Thailand and pledged not to devalue its currency even though...combination of large trade surpluses, foreign direct investment flows, and large-scale purchases of foreign currency have helped make China the world’s largest...Trade Organization (WTO) commitments and to change various economic policies deemed harmful to U.S. economic interests, such as its currency policy

Implementation of "New Directions" in Development Assistance: Report to the Committee on International Relations on Implementation of Legislative Reforms in the Foreign Assistance Act of 1973.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Agency for International Development (Dept. of State), Washington, DC.

This report discusses the many policy and procedural issues of the Agency for International Development (AID) in implementing the reforms included in the congressional Foreign Assistance Act of 1973. The act concentrated aid efforts on food and nutrition improvement, population control, health improvement, education, and human resource…

Newspaper Front Page Coverage of "the Korean Airliner Boeing 747 Massacre" in Six Newspapers.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kang, Jong Geun

A study investigated three United States and three foreign newspapers to determine the direction or bias of coverage of the 1983 Korean Airline (KAL) incident and any differences in coverage. It was hypothesized (1) that the amount of space allotted to the story in U. S. newspapers would be greater than that in foreign newspapers; (2) that there…

78 FR 9038 - Office of the Secretary of the Air Force Acceptance of Group Application Under Public Law 95-202...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-02-07

....S. and Foreign Employees of Air America, Inc. Under the provisions of Section 401, Public Law 95-202... accepted an application on behalf of a group known as: ``U.S. and Foreign Employees of Air America, Inc... Air America, Inc., who operated fixed wing and helicopter aircraft in direct support of the U.S. Air...

Annotated Bibliography: Polymers in Concrete.

DTIC Science & Technology

1982-10-01

under the general supervision of Mr. Bryant Mather, Chief, SL, and Mr. John Scanlon, Chief, Concrete Technology Division , SL, and under the direct...Foreign Technology Division , Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio. The shrinkage effect on concrete is a significant factor in solving the problem of using...Infrared Radiation," p 13, Jun 1974, Foreign Technology Division , Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio. Infrared irradiation is an effective means of

Encouraging Trade and Foreign Direct Investment in Ukraine

DTIC Science & Technology

2007-01-01

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data is available for this publication. ISBN 978-0-8330-4216-3 Cover Design by Stephen Bloodsworth The... designed to elicit bribes. As in most countries afflicted by corruption, Ukrainian government employees, in hopes of eliciting bribes, deliberately design ...policies, ostensibly designed to make it possible for foreigners to invest in Ukraine’s energy sector, effectively discourage most xii Encouraging

JPRS Report, China

DTIC Science & Technology

1987-09-14

prices are also affected by many other factors, for example, by the value of commodities, by supply and demand, by taxation, by foreign exchange rates and... exchange rates may directly or indirectly cause product value to fluctuate up or down. Thus, only by adjusting prices in a timely manner can we ensure...changes in materialized and live labor, improvements in production technology, changes in natural-resource supply and fluctuations in foreign

15 CFR 806.16 - Rules and regulations for BE-10, Benchmark Survey of U.S. Direct Investment Abroad-2004.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

..., Benchmark Survey of U.S. Direct Investment Abroad-2004. 806.16 Section 806.16 Commerce and Foreign Trade... COMMERCE DIRECT INVESTMENT SURVEYS § 806.16 Rules and regulations for BE-10, Benchmark Survey of U.S. Direct Investment Abroad—2004. A BE-10, Benchmark Survey of U.S. Direct Investment Abroad will be...

The catheter hub disinfection cap as esophageal foreign body.

PubMed

Tawfik, Kareem O; Myer, Charles M; Shikary, Tasneem; Goldschneider, Kenneth R

2015-12-01

Disinfection caps are increasingly being used to prevent catheter-associated bloodstream infections. These devices, designed for continuous passive disinfection of catheter hubs, are typically small and often brightly colored. As such, they have the potential to become pediatric airway and esophageal foreign bodies. We report two patients who developed esophageal foreign body following ingestion of disinfection caps. Given the increasing use of these devices, it is imperative that health care providers be aware of this potential iatrogenic problem. We propose that the use of disinfection caps may not be appropriate in pediatric patients with risk factors for foreign body ingestion. © 2015 The American Laryngological, Rhinological and Otological Society, Inc.

Intraorbital foreign body projectile as a consideration for unilateral pupillary defect

PubMed Central

2012-01-01

Intraorbital foreign bodies are frequently the result of high-velocity injuries with varying clinical presentations. The resultant diagnosis, management, and outcome depend on the type of foreign body present, anatomical location, tissue disruption, and symptomatology. A patient who presented to the Emergency Department with a large intraorbital foreign body projectile that was not evident clinically, but found incidentally on computed tomography and subsequent plain films is reported. The emergency room physician needs to be aware of the differential diagnosis of a unilateral irregular pupil with or without visual acuity changes. The differential diagnosis for any trauma patient with an irregular pupil with significant visual loss must include intraorbital foreign body and associated injury to the optic nerve directly or via orbital compartment syndrome secondary to hemorrhage and/or edema. Patients with significantly decreased visual acuity may benefit from emergent surgical intervention. In patients with intact visual acuity, the patient must be monitored closely for any visual changes as this may require emergent surgical intervention. PMID:22390406

Increase of Foreign-Born Engineers in U.S. Studied.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Krieger, James

1988-01-01

Summarizes the report of a National Research Council committee. Reports on three basic findings: the proportion of foreign born engineers in the United States has increased over the last 15 years; the increase is disproportionate in the academic sector; and large numbers of students are culturally different. (CW)

Increased expression of Interleukin-13 and connective tissue growth factor, and their potential roles during foreign body encapsulation of subcutaneous implants.

PubMed

Ward, W Kenneth; Li, Allen G; Siddiqui, Yasmin; Federiuk, Isaac F; Wang, Xiao-Jing

2008-01-01

The purpose of this study was to better understand whether interleukin-13 (IL-13) and connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) are highly expressed during foreign body encapsulation of subcutaneous devices. Mock biosensors were implanted into rats for three lengths of time (7-, 21- and 48-55 days) to address different stages of the foreign body response. Using quantitative real-time PCR and immunofluorescence, the expression of IL13, CTGF, collagen 1, decorin and fibronectin were measured in this tissue. IL-13, a product of Th2 cells, was highly expressed at all time points, with greatest expression at day 21. The IL-13 expression was paralleled by increased presence of T-cells at all time points. CTGF was also found to be more highly expressed in foreign body tissue than in controls. Collagen and decorin were highly expressed at the middle and later stages. Given the increased expression of IL-13 and CTGF in foreign body tissue, and their roles in other fibrotic disorders, these cytokines may well contribute to the formation of the foreign body capsule. Since the peak gene expression of IL-13 occurred later than the previously-reported TGFbeta expression peak, IL-13 is probably not the major stimulus to TGFbeta expression during foreign body encapsulation and may contribute to fibrosis independently.

12 CFR 211.8 - Investments and activities abroad.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... of a member bank is deemed to be an investor. (b) Direct investments by member banks. A member bank's direct investments under section 25 of the FRA (12 U.S.C. 601 et seq.) shall be limited to: (1) Foreign... investments in an organization, provided that: (i) Individual investment limits. The total direct and indirect...

Cross-border healthcare directive: Assessing stakeholders' perspectives in Poland and Portugal.

PubMed

Helena, Ricardo

2016-04-01

Within the context of the EU, a succession of rulings from the European Court of Justice addressed the gap of specific healthcare legislation. These rulings shook the member states assumption of health provision autonomy and led the European Commission to produce a specific directive concerning cross-border healthcare. In spite of different viewpoints of member states, including Poland and Portugal, the directive was approved and expected to be implemented by October 2013. The objective of this study was to analyse stakeholders' perspective towards the directive, unveiling the factors that supported a different viewpoint, and to identify challenges and assess the expected impact associated with the directive implementation on Poland and Portugal, using the WHO health systems conceptual framework. Information was collected through a literature review, identifying potential stakeholders. Primary qualitative analysis was conducted through the dissemination of open-ended questionnaires. Content and critical analysis was performed considering the available literature intertwined with the WHO health systems conceptual framework. The directive appears to be positive regarding patient rights, increased transparency, and potential to set new information technologies and healthcare networks. However, it also seems to potentially generate access inequalities between home and foreign patients, and increase healthcare costs due to the short-term investments needed. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

Epidemiological, clinical and laboratory features of chronic hepatitis B infection in a cohort of immigrant and Italian patients from Ferrara, Italy.

PubMed

Contini, Carlo; Badia, Lorenzo; Cultrera, Rosario; Grilli, Anastasio; De Togni, Aldo

2012-01-01

Italy has recently become a land of immigration. Two hundred and fifty thousand carriers are immigrants and chronic HBV infection is the prevalent form. Considering the elevated number of foreigners resident in our province and the potential risk of transmission to local people, we retrospectively investigated the patterns of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) in 154 patients (76 foreigners, 78 Italians) observed in our Institution, with regard to demographic and clinical/laboratory characteristics. The immigrants were younger (mean age 31 years) compared to Italians (51.5) and mainly came from East Europe. Regarding exposure to HBV, the intra-familial risk factor was most frequently observed in foreigners, compared to Italians (p = 0.03). Foreigners also showed a higher prevalence of HBeAg positive forms, HDV co-infection (7.9%) and abnormal ALT and/or HBV-DNA values, compared to Italians. HBeAg positivity was more associated with increased ALT (OR = 36.6, p = 0.001) than with elevated HBV viremia (OR = 6.5, p = 0.049); age was a protective factor (OR = 0.1; p = 0.014). No significant association was found between increased ALT and foreign nationality. The simultaneous presence of increased ALT and viremia was more frequent among foreigners, (OR = 7.6, p = 0,014) and increased with age (OR = 1.06, p = 0.013). Antiviral therapy was given in 7.8% of foreign citizens. Immigrants constitute a vulnerable population subgroup that would benefit from a more active approach regarding doctor patient relationship for early recognition of HBV and treatment programmes.

The relationship between international trade and non-nutritional health outcomes: A systematic review of quantitative studies.

PubMed

Burns, Darren K; Jones, Andrew P; Suhrcke, Marc

2016-03-01

Markets throughout the world have been reducing barriers to international trade and investment in recent years. The resulting increases in levels of international trade and investment have subsequently generated research interest into the potential population health impact. We present a systematic review of quantitative studies investigating the relationship between international trade, foreign direct investment and non-nutritional health outcomes. Articles were systematically collected from the SCOPUS, PubMed, EconLit and Web of Science databases. Due to the heterogeneous nature of the evidence considered, the 16 included articles were subdivided into individual level data analyses, selected country analyses and international panel analyses. Articles were then quality assessed using a tool developed as part of the project. Nine of the studies were assessed to be high quality, six as medium quality, and one as low quality. The evidence from the quantitative literature suggests that overall, there appears to be a beneficial association between international trade and population health. There was also evidence of the importance of foreign direct investment, yet a lack of research considering the direction of causality. Taken together, quantitative research into the relationship between trade and non-nutritional health indicates trade to be beneficial, yet this body of research is still in its infancy. Future quantitative studies based on this foundation will provide a stronger basis on which to inform relevant national and international institutions about the health consequences of trade policies. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Directly observed treatment is associated with reduced default among foreign tuberculosis patients in Thailand.

PubMed

Kapella, B K; Anuwatnonthakate, A; Komsakorn, S; Moolphate, S; Charusuntonsri, P; Limsomboon, P; Wattanaamornkiat, W; Nateniyom, S; Varma, J K

2009-02-01

Thailand's Tuberculosis (TB) Active Surveillance Network in four provinces in Thailand. As treatment default is common in mobile and foreign populations, we evaluated risk factors for default among non-Thai TB patients in Thailand. Observational cohort study using TB program data. Analysis was restricted to patients with an outcome categorized as cured, completed, failure or default. We used multivariate analysis to identify factors associated with default, including propensity score analysis, to adjust for factors associated with receiving directly observed treatment (DOT). During October 2004-September 2006, we recorded data for 14359 TB patients, of whom 995 (7%) were non-Thais. Of the 791 patients analyzed, 313 (40%) defaulted. In multivariate analysis, age>or=45 years (RR 1.47, 95%CI 1.25-1.74), mobility (RR 2.36, 95%CI 1.77-3.14) and lack of DOT (RR 2.29, 95%CI 1.45-3.61) were found to be significantly associated with default among non-Thais. When controlling for propensity to be assigned DOT, the risk of default remained increased in those not assigned DOT (RR 1.99, 95%CI 1.03-3.85). In non-Thai TB patients, DOT was the only modifiable factor associated with default. Using DOT may help improve TB treatment outcomes in non-Thai TB patients.

The Role of the United States in a Changing World. A Curriculum Unit on Foreign Policy Choices.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Brown Univ., Providence, RI. Center for Foreign Policy Development.

This 3- to 5-day currriculum unit for secondary students centers around four possible directions for U.S. foreign policy during the 1990s. Designed as a culminating exercise at the end of the year or as an introductory activity to open the semester, this unit, and the possible futures it presents, should be thought of as a vehicle for guiding…

Federal Debt and Interests Costs

DTIC Science & Technology

1993-05-01

relatively small amount of bond to Argentina as part of a comprehensive debt issued directly to foreign governments in debt reduction agreement with commercial...their investments because of an economic crisis needs of the private sector, propped up interest or as part of a coordinated political action. U.S...Zero-Coupon Bonds. Similar to savings and loan crisis . Because REFCORP is the foreign zero-coupon bonds described above technically private, the money

Musical expertise and second language learning.

PubMed

Chobert, Julie; Besson, Mireille

2013-06-06

Increasing evidence suggests that musical expertise influences brain organization and brain functions. Moreover, results at the behavioral and neurophysiological levels reveal that musical expertise positively influences several aspects of speech processing, from auditory perception to speech production. In this review, we focus on the main results of the literature that led to the idea that musical expertise may benefit second language acquisition. We discuss several interpretations that may account for the influence of musical expertise on speech processing in native and foreign languages, and we propose new directions for future research.

Musical Expertise and Second Language Learning

PubMed Central

Chobert, Julie; Besson, Mireille

2013-01-01

Increasing evidence suggests that musical expertise influences brain organization and brain functions. Moreover, results at the behavioral and neurophysiological levels reveal that musical expertise positively influences several aspects of speech processing, from auditory perception to speech production. In this review, we focus on the main results of the literature that led to the idea that musical expertise may benefit second language acquisition. We discuss several interpretations that may account for the influence of musical expertise on speech processing in native and foreign languages, and we propose new directions for future research. PMID:24961431

FOD Prevention at NASA-Marshall Space Flight Center

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Lowrey, Nikki M.

2011-01-01

NASA now requires all flight hardware projects to develop and implement a Foreign Object Damage (FOD) Prevention Program. With the increasing use of composite and bonded structures, NASA now also requires an Impact Damage Protection Plan for these items. In 2009, Marshall Space Flight Center released an interim directive that required all Center organizations to comply with FOD protocols established by on-site Projects, to include prevention of impact damage. The MSFC Technical Standards Control Board authorized the development of a new MSFC technical standard for FOD Prevention.

Novel narrow-host-range vectors for direct cloning of foreign DNA in Pseudomonas.

PubMed

Boivin, R; Bellemare, G; Dion, P

1994-01-01

Narrow-host-range vectors, based on an indigenous replicon and containing a multiple cloning site, have been constructed in a Pseudomonas host capable of growth on unusual substrates. The new cloning vectors yield sufficient amounts of DNA for preparative purposes and belong to an incompatibility group different from that of the incP and incQ broad-host-range vectors. One of these vectors, named pDB47F, was used to clone, directly in Pseudomonas, DNA fragments from Agrobacterium, Pseudomonas, and Rhizobium. A clone containing Agrobacterium and KmR gene sequences was transformed with a higher efficiency than an RSF1010-derived vector (by as much as 1250-fold) in four out of five Pseudomonas strains tested. The considerable efficiency obtained with this system makes possible the direct cloning and phenotypic selection of foreign DNA in Pseudomonas.

48 CFR 217.208-70 - Additional clauses.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... Foreign Military Sales Commitments, when an option may be used for foreign military sale requirements. (1) Use Alternate I when the foreign military sale country is not known at the time of solicitation or..., Surge Option, in solicitations and contracts. (1) Insert the percentage of increase the option...

BRACEROS, MEXICO, AND FOREIGN TRADE.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

1966

CRITICISM OF GOVERNMENTAL POLICY RESTRICTING USE OF FOREIGN CONTRACT WORKERS ON AMERICAN FARMS IN 1965 EXPRESSES THREE POSSIBILITIES -- (1) A SEVERE DISRUPTION OF DOMESTIC FRUIT AND VEGETABLE PRODUCTION, (2) AN INCREASE OF AMERICAN INVESTMENT IN FOREIGN, PARTICULARLY MEXICAN, AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION, AND (3) A LOSS OF UNITED STATES EXPORT MARKET…

A Global Approach to Foreign Language Education.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Conner, Maurice W., Ed.

The papers collected here are largely devoted to foreign language education as a means of increasing international and cross-cultural understanding. Titles include: (1) "Language Is the Medium, Culture Is the Message: Globalizing Foreign Languages" (Lorraine A. Strasheim); (2) "Cultural Understanding for Global Citizenship: An Inservice Model"…

Does national scale economic and environmental indicators spur logistics performance? Evidence from UK.

PubMed

Khan, Syed Abdul Rehman; Qianli, Dong

2017-12-01

The aim of this study is to examine the association between national economic and environmental indicators with green logistics performance in a time series data of UK since 1981 to 2016. The research used autoregressive distributed lag method to understand the long-run and short-run relationships of national scale economic (foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows, per capita income) and environmental indicators (total greenhouse gases, fossil fuel, and renewable energy) on green logistics. In the short run, the research findings indicate that the green logistics and renewable energy have positive relationship, while fossil fuel is negatively correlated with green logistics operations. On the other hand, in the long run, the results show that FDI inflows, renewable energy sources, and per capita income have statistically significant and positive association with green logistics activities, while foreign investments attracted by environmental friendly policies and practices adopted in global logistics operations, which not only increase the environmental sustainability but also enhance economic activities with greater export opportunities in the region.

Trichotomous goals of elementary school students learning English as a foreign language: a structural equation model.

PubMed

He, Tung-Hsien; Chang, Shan-Mao; Chen, Shu-Hui Eileen; Gou, Wen Johnny

2012-02-01

This study applied structural equation modeling (SEM) techniques to define the relations among trichotomous goals (mastery goals, performance-approach goals, and performance-avoidance goals), self-efficacy, use of metacognitive self-regulation strategies, positive belief in seeking help, and help-avoidance behavior. Elementary school students (N = 105), who were learning English as a foreign language, were surveyed using five self-report scales. The structural equation model showed that self-efficacy led to the adoption of mastery goals but discouraged the adoption of performance-approach goals and performance-avoidance goals. Furthermore, mastery goals increased the use of metacognitive self-regulation strategies, whereas performance-approach goals and performance-avoidance goals reduced their use. Mastery goals encouraged positive belief in help-seeking, but performance-avoidance goals decreased such belief. Finally, performance-avoidance goals directly led to help-avoidance behavior, whereas positive belief assumed a critical role in reducing help-avoidance. The established structural equation model illuminated the potential causal relations among these variables for the young learners in this study.

International Education and Foreign Languages: Keys to Securing America's Future

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

O'Connell, Mary Ellen, Ed.; Norwood, Janet L., Ed.

2007-01-01

"International Education and Foreign Languages" reviews the Department of Education's Title VI and Fulbright-Hays Programs, which provide higher education funding for international education and foreign language programs. This book offers a timely look at issues that are increasingly important in an interconnected world. It discusses the…

75 FR 39662 - Foreign-Trade Subzone 116A-Port Arthur, TX; Expansion of Manufacturing Authority; Motiva...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-07-12

... request involves the construction of additional crude distillation, coking, integrated hydrocracker/diesel... proposed expansion would increase the overall crude distillation capacity allowed under FTZ procedures to... certain petrochemical feedstocks (duty-free) by admitting foreign crude oil in non-privileged foreign...

The effect of the training given to the child development students about foreign body aspiration upon their knowledge levels.

PubMed

Çelik, Necla; Arikan, Duygu

2013-11-01

This study was semi-experimentally conducted in order to determine knowledge levels of child development students about foreign body aspiration and to explore the effect of the training given to these students about foreign body aspiration upon their knowledge levels. The research was conducted with a total of 231 students who studied at the department of child development of two high schools and one vocational higher school in Erzincan Province located in the east of Turkiye between May 2011 and February 2012. The data were gathered using a questionnaire form of 38 questions. The training on foreign body aspiration (Power point presentation, video presentation and practice on a dummy) was provided in three phases. For the data evaluation; percentages, chi-square test and Mc Nemar test were used. It was found out in the study that 91.8% of the students did not take any training/course about foreign body aspiration and 55% confronted situations of foreign body aspirations (ear, nose, airway). After the training about foreign body aspiration; it was noted that the number of the students who knew risky behaviors for foreign body aspiration increased and the increase in the number of the students was at the highest level among high schools (p<0.05). It was seen that the training was most effective among the university students in terms of knowing first-aid intervention in case a foreign body would obstruct airway among the children aged<1 year (p<0.05). It was noted that the training which was applied on the dummy by using visual aids about foreign body aspiration increased the knowledge level of the students. Based on this finding, it may be recommended that nurses should perform their counseling and educator roles more actively for the families and those who are responsible for the baby care about foreign body aspiration by playing a more active role in the health care team. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

76 FR 45820 - Food Safety Modernization Act Domestic and Foreign Facility Reinspections, Recall, and Importer...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-08-01

... of sick leave 80 10 days of training 80 2 hours of meetings per week 80 Net Supported Direct FDA Work... implementing these user fees in FY 2013. II. Estimating the Average Cost of a Supported Direct FDA Work Hour... Direct Work Hour in FY 2010 In general, the starting point for estimating the full cost per direct work...

Techniques for Intravascular Foreign Body Retrieval

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Woodhouse, Joe B.; Uberoi, Raman, E-mail: raman.uberoi@orh.nhs.uk

2013-08-01

As endovascular therapies increase in frequency, the incidence of lost or embolized foreign bodies is increasing. The presence of an intravascular foreign body (IFB) is well recognized to have the potential to cause serious complications. IFB can embolize and impact critical sites such as the heart, with subsequent significant morbidity or mortality. Intravascular foreign bodies most commonly result from embolized central line fragments, but they can originate from many sources, both iatrogenic and noniatrogenic. The percutaneous approach in removing an IFB is widely perceived as the best way to retrieve endovascular foreign bodies. This minimally invasive approach has a highmore » success rate with a low associated morbidity, and it avoids the complications related to open surgical approaches. We examined the characteristics, causes, and incidence of endovascular embolizations and reviewed the various described techniques that have been used to facilitate subsequent explantation of such materials.« less

Soviet Economic Reform: Socialism and Property. Report of the Strategy for Peace, U.S. Foreign Policy Conference (30th, Warrenton, Virginia, October 19-21, 1989).

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Christensen, Kathy, Comp.; And Others

The Stanley Foundation annually assembles a panel of experts from the public and private sectors to assess specific foreign policy issues and to recommend future direction. The participants in the round-table discussion summarized in this report agreed that the Soviets are moving from a Marxist-Leninist version of socialism to a broader version,…

75 FR 70973 - Registration of Foreign Boards of Trade

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-11-19

...The Commodity Futures Trading Commission (Commission or CFTC) is proposing rules to implement new statutory provisions enacted by Title VII of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act. These proposed rules establish a registration requirement that applies to foreign boards of trade (FBOT) that wish to provide their identified members or other participants located in the United States with direct access to their electronic trading and order matching systems.

Improving Foreign Military Sales Procurement: An Analysis of Turkish Navy’s Spare Part Procurements, Discrepancies, and Repairs

DTIC Science & Technology

2016-03-01

capabilities to cover the FMS supporting activities. 14. SUBJECT TERMS Republic of Turkey , Security Assistance, Foreign Military Sales, Direct...Agency IPO International Program Office JSUMMAT Joint United States Military Mission for Aid to Turkey LOA Letter of Acceptance LOAD Letter of...employment, capital formation, as well as research and development (Perfilio, 2007, p. 3). As a North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) member, Turkey

FOREIGN AFFAIRS: Perspectives on Foreign Affairs Programs and Structures

DTIC Science & Technology

1996-11-01

would end. One participant cited Egypt as a case where large amounts of aid have had negligible effect. Another participant, however, pointed out...within the country, but this has not always been the case . As one participant noted, it has not been within the Secretary of State’s power to direct...particular, Indonesia, Malaysia , Chile, Argentina, and Brazil—private sector trade and capital flows are occurring to support development. It was

22 CFR 138.205 - Professional and technical services.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... to advice and analysis directly applying any professional or technical discipline. For example... their professional or technical expertise and unless the advice or analysis is rendered directly and... 22 Foreign Relations 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Professional and technical services. 138.205...

22 CFR 227.205 - Professional and technical services.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... to advice and analysis directly applying any professional or technical discipline. For example... their professional or technical expertise and unless the advice or analysis is rendered directly and... 22 Foreign Relations 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Professional and technical services. 227.205...

14 CFR 380.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

...: Certificated air carrier means a U.S. direct air carrier holding a certificate issued under the statute. Charter flight means a flight operated under the terms of a charter contract between a direct air carrier and its customer. It does not include scheduled air transportation, scheduled foreign air...

14 CFR 380.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

...: Certificated air carrier means a U.S. direct air carrier holding a certificate issued under the statute. Charter flight means a flight operated under the terms of a charter contract between a direct air carrier and its customer. It does not include scheduled air transportation, scheduled foreign air...

14 CFR 380.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

...: Certificated air carrier means a U.S. direct air carrier holding a certificate issued under the statute. Charter flight means a flight operated under the terms of a charter contract between a direct air carrier and its customer. It does not include scheduled air transportation, scheduled foreign air...

22 CFR 519.205 - Professional and technical services.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... to advice and analysis directly applying any professional or technical discipline. For example... their professional or technical expertise and unless the advice or analysis is rendered directly and... 22 Foreign Relations 2 2011-04-01 2009-04-01 true Professional and technical services. 519.205...

22 CFR 227.205 - Professional and technical services.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... to advice and analysis directly applying any professional or technical discipline. For example... their professional or technical expertise and unless the advice or analysis is rendered directly and... 22 Foreign Relations 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Professional and technical services. 227.205...

22 CFR 138.205 - Professional and technical services.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... to advice and analysis directly applying any professional or technical discipline. For example... their professional or technical expertise and unless the advice or analysis is rendered directly and... 22 Foreign Relations 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Professional and technical services. 138.205...

The foreign-language effect: thinking in a foreign tongue reduces decision biases.

PubMed

Keysar, Boaz; Hayakawa, Sayuri L; An, Sun Gyu

2012-06-01

Would you make the same decisions in a foreign language as you would in your native tongue? It may be intuitive that people would make the same choices regardless of the language they are using, or that the difficulty of using a foreign language would make decisions less systematic. We discovered, however, that the opposite is true: Using a foreign language reduces decision-making biases. Four experiments show that the framing effect disappears when choices are presented in a foreign tongue. Whereas people were risk averse for gains and risk seeking for losses when choices were presented in their native tongue, they were not influenced by this framing manipulation in a foreign language. Two additional experiments show that using a foreign language reduces loss aversion, increasing the acceptance of both hypothetical and real bets with positive expected value. We propose that these effects arise because a foreign language provides greater cognitive and emotional distance than a native tongue does.

Electronic access to ONREUR/ONRAISIA S and T reports

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Mccluskey, William

1994-01-01

The Office of Naval Research maintains two foreign field offices in London, England and in Tokyo, Japan. These offices survey world-wide findings, trends and achievements in science and technology. These offices maintain liaison between U.S. Navy and foreign scientific research and development organizations conducting programs of naval interest. Expert personnel survey foreign scientific and technical activities, identify new directions and progress of potential interest, and report their findings. Report topics cover a broad range of basic scientific thrusts in mathematics, physics, chemistry, computer science, and oceanography, as well as advances in technologies such as electronics, materials, optics, and robotics. These unclassified reports will be made available via the Internet in 1995, replacing hard-copy publication.

Filipino women demand freedom from debt.

PubMed

Taguiwalo, J

1993-10-01

Filipino women suffer from the dual burden of unpaid reproductive work and underpaid labor in the work force. They are also paying heavily for the huge foreign debt assumed by their country. The fact that economic development has stagnated in the Philippines is directly related to a government policy which provides for automatic debt repayment regardless of the economic status of the country. The strategy of honoring debt obligations and removing governmental market controls was intended to lead to economic development in the Philippines but has instead increased the burden of women who must cope with reductions in income, reductions in social and community services, increases in taxes, and higher prices for essentials. Increased work and less food have had an adverse impact on the women's health, and the emphasis on exports has resulted in an increased number of women migrating overseas to find jobs. Thus, even highly trained women must resort to performing domestic work overseas to earn a living. Cash-crop production has reduced women's role in food production and threatened food security while creating a pool of cheap labor among the newly displaced peasant families. Violence against women is increasing because of stress related to poverty, and women working abroad are subject to rape and sexual abuse. These conditions have led to the creation of women's groups such as the Freedom from Debt Coalition which is developing a comprehensive alternative development strategy which includes measures to reduce the burden of foreign debt.

Impact of cross-reference pricing on pharmaceutical prices: manufacturers' pricing strategies and price regulation.

PubMed

Stargardt, Tom; Schreyögg, Jonas

2006-01-01

Several EU countries are determining reimbursement prices of pharmaceuticals by cross-referencing prices of foreign countries. Our objective is to quantify the theoretical cross-border spill-over effects of cross-reference pricing schemes on pharmaceutical prices in the former EU-15 countries. An analytical model was developed estimating the impact of pharmaceutical price changes in Germany on pharmaceutical prices in other countries in the former EU-15 using cross-reference pricing. We differentiated between the direct impact (from referencing to Germany directly) and the indirect impact (from referencing to other countries that conduct their own cross-reference pricing schemes). The relationship between the direct and indirect impact of a price change depends mainly on the method applied to set reimbursement prices. When applying cross-reference pricing, the reimbursement price is either determined by the lowest of foreign prices (e.g. Portugal), the average of foreign prices (e.g. Ireland) or a weighted average of foreign prices (e.g. Italy). If the respective drug is marketed in all referenced countries and prices are regularly updated, a price reduction of 1.00 euro in Germany will reduce maximum reimbursement prices in the former EU-15 countries from 0.15 euros in Austria to 0.36 euros in Italy. On one side, the cross-border spill-over effects of price reductions are undoubtedly welcomed by decision makers and may be favourable to the healthcare system in general. On the other side, these cross-border spill-over effects also provide strong incentives for strategic product launches, launch delays and lobbying activities, and can affect the effectiveness of regulation. To avoid the negative effects of cross-reference pricing, a weighted index of prices from as many countries as possible should be used to determine reimbursement prices in order to reduce the direct and indirect impact of individual countries.

Foreign bodies in the aerodigestive tract in pediatric patients.

PubMed

Higo, Ryuzaburo; Matsumoto, Yu; Ichimura, Keiichi; Kaga, Kimitaka

2003-12-01

To investigate pediatric foreign body cases in the aerodigestive tract, and to elucidate the characteristic problems in Japan. A total of 310 pediatric patients (age 15 or below), gathered from two medical university hospitals (University of Tokyo and Jichi Medical School), were included in this study. Data were collected by retrospective chart review and were statistically analyzed. Two-year-olds were the most common patients, and the range from age 1 to age 4 included 67.7% of all the patients. The most involved sites were the nose (39.4%) and the pharynx (38.4%), followed by the esophagus (12.9%) and the trachea-bronchi (6.5%). Fish bones and toys were the representative foreign bodies (30.7 and 13.6%, respectively). Other foreign bodies often encountered included coins, food, candy, peanuts and nuts, and batteries. The type of foreign body was closely related to the site in which foreign bodies were lodged: 77.3% of foreign bodies in the pharynx were fish bones, and toys were the most common impacted foreign body in the nose. In the esophagus, representative impacted foreign bodies were coins (35.7%), but disk-type battery ingestion has been increasing in recent years. Although most foreign bodies in the esophagus were safely removed, one case of a disk-type battery had a serious sequela. In the trachea-bronchi, peanuts, food, cotton, and coins were impacted. A rigid bronchoscope was basically used to remove foreign bodies, but in some cases, a fine flexible endoscope, with a channel for fiber forceps, was useful, because it could be inserted into narrow bronchi. Advance of a flexible endoscope will make it an excellent tool for diagnosis and management of the trachea-bronchial foreign body. Fish bones in the pharynx, which were closely related to Japanese eating habits, and toys in the nose, were the typical foreign bodies encountered in this study. In the esophagus, an increased incidence of disk-type battery ingestion has become a serious problem in recent years. Since prevention is the most essential way to manage foreign body cases, feedback from studies to public education should be encouraged.

Even Teachers Get the Blues: Recognizing and Alleviating Language Teachers' Feelings of Foreign Language Anxiety.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Horwitz, Elaine K.

1996-01-01

Argues that many nonnative foreign-language teachers experience foreign-language anxiety and that this anxiety can have negative consequences for language teaching. The article discusses how anxiety affects teachers' feelings of self-confidence, use of the target language, and instructional choices and offers suggestions for increasing teachers'…

Foreign Language Reading Anxiety in a Jordanian EFL Context: A Qualitative Study

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Al-Shboul, Murad M.; Ahmad, Ismail Sheikh; Nordin, Mohamad Sahari; Rahman, Zainurin Abdul

2013-01-01

In the last two decades, investigating the sources of foreign language anxiety in general has increasingly attracted the attention of many researchers in the field of foreign language teaching. However, the sources of anxiety that influence the acquisition of certain specific language skills such as reading in particular have rarely been…

Career Development of Foreign-Born Workers: Where Is the Career Motivation Research?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lopes, Tobin P.

2006-01-01

Immigrants and/or foreign-born workers are entering the American work-force at an increasing rate. Career motivation for these new entrants requires research attention. As this literature review shows, researchers have virtually ignored the expanding immigrant and/or foreign-born worker population. Career motivation differences among international…

American Student Attitudes toward Foreign Students before and during an International Crisis.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Matross, Ronald; And Others

1982-01-01

Surveyed domestic students' attitudes toward foreign students before and after the seizure of the U.S. hostages in Iran. Results showed most students did not change their attitudes toward foreign students, but did show increased support for funding international exchange programs. Attitudes were related to demographic characteristics and political…

The Importance of Games in Teaching Foreign Languages to Children

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Alpar, Melek

2013-01-01

In teaching French as a foreign language, there is a constant development from traditional methods to action-oriented approaches. This development has arisen as a result of students' needs and of innovations in technology. Particularly in the last decade, there has been increasing interest in teaching foreign languages to children. Because of…

A Tale of One China: How and Why Has the Efficacy of United States Arms Sales to Taiwan Changed Since 1990

DTIC Science & Technology

2016-05-01

militarily. Even Taiwan’s attempts to adopt asymmetric and innovative defense capabilities, paired with the advantages of island defense and foreign ...States foreign policy. According to the Defense Security Cooperation Agency, the United States transfers “defense articles and services in furtherance...of national security and foreign policy objectives.” By increasing the military capabilities of foreign allies and partners, the United States

Profile of tuberculosis among the foreign-born population in Japan, 2007–2014

PubMed Central

Uchimura, Kazuhiro; Izumi, Kiyohiko; Ohkado, Akihiro; Ishikawa, Nobukatsu

2016-01-01

The proportion of foreign-born people among the newly notified tuberculosis (TB) patients has been increasing in recent years and potentially poses a new challenge to TB control in Japan. In this report, we analysed the data from the Japan TB surveillance system between 2007 and 2014 to gain an overview of the trends and characteristics of foreign-born TB patients in Japan. We found that the proportion of foreign-born TB patients was especially high among the younger age groups – 44.1% among the 20–29 years age group in 2014. The largest groups of foreign-born patients were from China and the Philippines; however, the number of those from Nepal and Viet Nam was on the rise. Students comprised the second largest professional category group for TB after regular workers, and its proportion increased over the study period. Compared to Japan-born TB patients, foreign-born patients were more likely to be diagnosed through routine medical check-ups. Treatment successes and patients still on treatment were significantly lower among foreign-born patients than their Japan-born counterparts; and transferred-out and unknown outcomes were higher. Our results indicated that distinctive subgroups within the foreign-born population in Japan, especially students and regular workers, might have a higher risk of developing TB. Measures to ensure early diagnosis and treatment adherence should be adapted to such populations. PMID:27508086

Profile of tuberculosis among the foreign-born population in Japan, 2007-2014.

PubMed

Kawatsu, Lisa; Uchimura, Kazuhiro; Izumi, Kiyohiko; Ohkado, Akihiro; Ishikawa, Nobukatsu

2016-01-01

The proportion of foreign-born people among the newly notified tuberculosis (TB) patients has been increasing in recent years and potentially poses a new challenge to TB control in Japan. In this report, we analysed the data from the Japan TB surveillance system between 2007 and 2014 to gain an overview of the trends and characteristics of foreign-born TB patients in Japan. We found that the proportion of foreign-born TB patients was especially high among the younger age groups - 44.1% among the 20-29 years age group in 2014. The largest groups of foreign-born patients were from China and the Philippines; however, the number of those from Nepal and Viet Nam was on the rise. Students comprised the second largest professional category group for TB after regular workers, and its proportion increased over the study period. Compared to Japan-born TB patients, foreign-born patients were more likely to be diagnosed through routine medical check-ups. Treatment successes and patients still on treatment were significantly lower among foreign-born patients than their Japan-born counterparts; and transferred-out and unknown outcomes were higher. Our results indicated that distinctive subgroups within the foreign-born population in Japan, especially students and regular workers, might have a higher risk of developing TB. Measures to ensure early diagnosis and treatment adherence should be adapted to such populations.

Are marketing campaigns in Taiwan by foreign tobacco companies targeting young smokers?

PubMed Central

Wen, C; Chen, T; Tsai, Y; Tsai, S; Chung, W; Cheng, T; Levy, D; Hsu, C; Peterson, R; Liu, W

2005-01-01

Objective: To assess the impact of promotions on cigarette sales in Taiwan after the cigarette market opened to foreign companies, and to assess whether young smokers were targeted by these companies. Methods: Trends in cigarette sales, advertising expenditure, brand preference, and cigarette consumption were examined for the period following the 1987 opening of the cigarette market. Tobacco industry internal documents from Legacy Tobacco Documents Library of the University of California, San Francisco, were searched for corporate strategies on promoting youth consumption in Taiwan. Results: Between 1995 and 2000, the inflation adjusted advertising expenditures by all foreign firms increased fourfold. Much of the expenditure was spent on brand stretching the Mild Seven (Japan) and Davidoff (Germany) brands in television advertising. By 2000, the market share of foreign cigarettes exceeded domestics by three to one among young smokers and the leading brand preferred by this segment shifted from the most popular domestic brand (Long Life) to a foreign brand (Mild Seven). Furthermore, there was a sudden increase of 16.4% in smoking rates among young adults (from 36.1% to 42.0%) during the first five years after the market opened. This was also accompanied by increased per capita cigarette consumption and decreased age of smoking initiation. Industry documents confirmed the use of strategies targeted at the young. In particular, establishing new point of sale (POS) retail stores or promotional activities at POS were found to be more effective than advertising in magazines. Conclusions: This study provides evidence that advertising increased with increased competition following the market opening, which, in turn, spurred cigarette sales and consumption. Foreign tobacco companies have deliberately targeted youth in Taiwan and succeeded in gaining three quarters of their cigarette purchases within a decade. Expanding youth consumption will incur excessive future health care costs borne by society. Foreign tobacco companies should be obligated to reimburse these expenses through higher tariffs on cigarettes. PMID:15923447

Are marketing campaigns in Taiwan by foreign tobacco companies targeting young smokers?

PubMed

Wen, C P; Chen, T; Tsai, Y-Y; Tsai, S P; Chung, W S I; Cheng, T Y; Levy, D T; Hsu, C C; Peterson, R; Liu, W-Y

2005-06-01

To assess the impact of promotions on cigarette sales in Taiwan after the cigarette market opened to foreign companies, and to assess whether young smokers were targeted by these companies. Trends in cigarette sales, advertising expenditure, brand preference, and cigarette consumption were examined for the period following the 1987 opening of the cigarette market. Tobacco industry internal documents from Legacy Tobacco Documents Library of the University of California, San Francisco, were searched for corporate strategies on promoting youth consumption in Taiwan. Between 1995 and 2000, the inflation adjusted advertising expenditures by all foreign firms increased fourfold. Much of the expenditure was spent on brand stretching the Mild Seven (Japan) and Davidoff (Germany) brands in television advertising. By 2000, the market share of foreign cigarettes exceeded domestics by three to one among young smokers and the leading brand preferred by this segment shifted from the most popular domestic brand (Long Life) to a foreign brand (Mild Seven). Furthermore, there was a sudden increase of 16.4% in smoking rates among young adults (from 36.1% to 42.0%) during the first five years after the market opened. This was also accompanied by increased per capita cigarette consumption and decreased age of smoking initiation. Industry documents confirmed the use of strategies targeted at the young. In particular, establishing new point of sale (POS) retail stores or promotional activities at POS were found to be more effective than advertising in magazines. This study provides evidence that advertising increased with increased competition following the market opening, which, in turn, spurred cigarette sales and consumption. Foreign tobacco companies have deliberately targeted youth in Taiwan and succeeded in gaining three quarters of their cigarette purchases within a decade. Expanding youth consumption will incur excessive future health care costs borne by society. Foreign tobacco companies should be obligated to reimburse these expenses through higher tariffs on cigarettes.

10 CFR 216.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... maximizes domestic energy supplies by furthering the exploration, production, refining, transportation or... production or construction, military assistance to any foreign nation, stockpiling, space, and any directly...

10 CFR 216.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... maximizes domestic energy supplies by furthering the exploration, production, refining, transportation or... production or construction, military assistance to any foreign nation, stockpiling, space, and any directly...

10 CFR 216.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... maximizes domestic energy supplies by furthering the exploration, production, refining, transportation or... production or construction, military assistance to any foreign nation, stockpiling, space, and any directly...

10 CFR 216.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... maximizes domestic energy supplies by furthering the exploration, production, refining, transportation or... production or construction, military assistance to any foreign nation, stockpiling, space, and any directly...

10 CFR 216.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... maximizes domestic energy supplies by furthering the exploration, production, refining, transportation or... production or construction, military assistance to any foreign nation, stockpiling, space, and any directly...

22 CFR 138.300 - Professional and technical services.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... and analysis directly applying any professional or technical discipline. For example, drafting or a... their professional or technical expertise and unless the advice or analysis is rendered directly and... 22 Foreign Relations 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Professional and technical services. 138.300...

15 CFR 28.300 - Professional and technical services.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... limited to advice and analysis directly applying any professional or technical discipline. For example... their professional or technical expertise and unless the advice or analysis is rendered directly and... 15 Commerce and Foreign Trade 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Professional and technical services...

22 CFR 227.300 - Professional and technical services.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... and analysis directly applying any professional or technical discipline. For example, drafting or a... their professional or technical expertise and unless the advice or analysis is rendered directly and... 22 Foreign Relations 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Professional and technical services. 227.300...

22 CFR 712.300 - Professional and technical services.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... technical services” shall be limited to advice and analysis directly applying any professional or technical... analysis directly applying their professional or technical expertise and unless the advice or analysis is... 22 Foreign Relations 2 2011-04-01 2009-04-01 true Professional and technical services. 712.300...

22 CFR 311.300 - Professional and technical services.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... technical services shall be limited to advice and analysis directly applying any professional or technical... analysis directly applying their professional or technical expertise and unless the advice or analysis is... 22 Foreign Relations 2 2011-04-01 2009-04-01 true Professional and technical services. 311.300...

22 CFR 519.300 - Professional and technical services.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... and analysis directly applying any professional or technical discipline. For example, drafting or a... their professional or technical expertise and unless the advice or analysis is rendered directly and... 22 Foreign Relations 2 2011-04-01 2009-04-01 true Professional and technical services. 519.300...

22 CFR 311.205 - Professional and technical services.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... and analysis directly applying any professional or technical discipline. For example, drafting of a... their professional or technical expertise and unless the advice or analysis is rendered directly and... 22 Foreign Relations 2 2011-04-01 2009-04-01 true Professional and technical services. 311.205...

Esophageal foreign bodies and eosinophilic esophagitis--the need for esophageal mucosal biopsy: a 12-year survey across pediatric subspecialties.

PubMed

Williams, Paul; Jameson, Samuel; Bishop, Phyllis; Sawaya, David; Nowicki, Michael

2013-06-01

Esophageal foreign body impaction (EFBI) is a common problem requiring urgent endoscopy. EFBI may be the first sign of underlying esophageal pathology, yet mucosal biopsies are rarely performed. We report a retrospective analysis of 572 children requiring removal of an EFBI over a 12-year period by pediatric otolaryngologists (ENT), surgeons (PS), and gastroenterologists (PGI). The method of removal [direct laryngoscopy (DL), rigid endoscopy (RE), flexible endoscopy (FE)], type of foreign body (inanimate or food), whether mucosal biopsies were performed, and histologic findings of biopsy samples were recorded for each patient. Foreign body removal was most commonly performed by PGI (298 [52 %]); the remaining were equally distributed between ENT (136 [24 %]) and PS (138 [24 %]). The method of foreign body removal used by ENT was RE (89 %), DL (8 %), and FE (3 %). Pediatric surgery preferred FE (62 %), followed by RE (27 %) and DL (11 %). Pediatric gastroenterology used FE exclusively. Esophageal biopsies were never performed by ENT or PS; PGI performed esophageal biopsies more commonly in children with meat bolus impactions (50 %) than in children with inanimate foreign bodies (12 %). Mucosal pathology was more common in children with meat bolus impaction (100 %) than in children with inanimate foreign bodies (45 %). Esophageal mucosal biopsy should be considered for all children with EFBI not attributed to stricture, particularly those with meat bolus impaction.

Association of birthplace and self-reported hypertension by racial/ethnic groups among US adults--National Health Interview Survey, 2006-2010.

PubMed

Fang, Jing; Ayala, Carma; Loustalot, Fleetwood

2012-12-01

Over the past few decades, the proportion of US adults who were foreign-born has been increasing, as has the overall prevalence of hypertension. Here, we compared the prevalence of self-reported hypertension among native-born adults with that among foreign-born adults, classified by racial/ethnic group. Using 2006-2010 data from the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS), we compared the age-adjusted prevalence of hypertension among native-born adults to foreign-born adults, specified by continent of birthplace and race/ethnicity. Results are expressed as unadjusted odds ratios (ORs) and three sets of adjusted odds ratios (AORs) adjusted for selected sociodemographic, behavioral and health-related characteristics. All results accounted for NHIS sampling design variables. The analytic sample was 124,260 with 16.3% foreign-born adults. Among the foreign-born adults, 56% were from Central or South America, 22% from Asia, 13% from Europe, and 4% from Africa. Overall and after adjustment, hypertension prevalence was significantly higher among US-born adults than among foreign-born adults (AOR: 1.28, 95% CI: 1.21-1.36). By race/ethnicity, hypertension prevalence was higher among US-born non-Hispanic blacks than either foreign-born non-Hispanic blacks (AOR: 1.24, 95%CI: 1.02-1.50) or all Africa-born immigrants of any race/ethnicity [AOR: 1.45, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.07-1.97]. Among foreign-born adults, duration of US residence was positively associated with the likelihood of hypertension. Hypertension prevalence was higher among US-born adults than among foreign-born adults and higher among US-born non-Hispanic blacks than in any other group. Among foreign-born adults, hypertension risk increased with the number of years they had lived in the United States.

Foreign direct investment in the health care sector and most-favoured locations in developing countries.

PubMed

Outreville, J François

2007-12-01

Given the growing importance of the health care sector and the significant development of trade in health services, foreign direct investment (FDI) in this sector has gathered momentum with the General Agreement on Trade in Services. Despite extensive case based research and publications in recent years on health care markets and the rise of private sectors, it is surprisingly difficult to find evidence on the relative importance of the largest multinational corporations (MNCs) operating in the health care sector. The objective of the paper is to identify some of the determinants of foreign investment of the largest MNCs operating in this industry. The list of the largest MNCs has been compiled using company websites and data is available for 41 developing economies for which at least two MNCs have an office (branch and/or affiliate). The results of this study have some important implications. They indicate that location-specific advantages of host countries, including good governance, do provide an explication of the internationalization of firms in some developing countries rather than others.

The effect of presentation rate on foreign-language vocabulary learning.

PubMed

Zeelenberg, René; de Jonge, Mario; Tabbers, Huib K; Pecher, Diane

2015-01-01

The present study examined the effect of presentation rate on foreign-language vocabulary learning. Experiment 1 varied presentation rates from 1 s to 16 s per pair while keeping the total study time per pair constant. Speakers of English studied Dutch-English translation pairs (e.g., kikker-frog) for 16 × 1 s, 8 × 2 s, 4 × 4 s, 2 × 8 s, or 1 × 16 s. The results showed a nonmonotonic relationship between presentation rate and recall performance for both translation directions (Dutch → English and English → Dutch). Performance was best for intermediate presentation rates and dropped off for short (1 s) or long (16 s) presentation rates. Experiment 2 showed that the nonmonotonic relationship between presentation rate and recall performance was still present after a 1-day retention interval for both translation directions. Our results suggest that a presentation rate in the order of 4 s results in optimal learning of foreign-language vocabulary.

US Interagency Regional Foreign Policy Implementation: A Survey of Current Practice and an Analysis of Options for Improvement

DTIC Science & Technology

2014-06-01

Culture 143 Congressional Support and Legislation 144 What If There Is No Appetite for Interagency Reform? 148 Appendix Interagency Reform at the... environmental disasters. Humanitarian and military operations will often depend on access rights in many different countries.”3 As US foreign policy...dination. However, because the JIACG is located in one agency (the DOD) and has no presidential directive or legislative sanction, other agencies are

Medium-Term Prospects for the Mexican Economy: Some Modeling Results

DTIC Science & Technology

1990-07-01

Mexican prospects. A base case scenario illustrates that without a net inflow of foreign capital, the peso cannot be sustained at current real levels... peso and no decline in real income. The model can also produce a pessimistic scenario that suggests the worst that might happen to the Mexican economy...net inflow of foreign capital (in the form of either lending or direct investment) the peso cannot be sustained at current real levels (assuming that

Debt and Democracy in Latin America. U.S. Foreign Policy Conference (30th, Airlie House, Proceedings on Strategy for Peace, Warrenton, Virginia, October 19-21, 1989).

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Stanley Foundation, Muscatine, IA.

An annual assembly of a panel of experts from the public and private sectors assessed specific foreign policy issues and recommended future direction. The oneset of the debt crisis in 1982 generated fears regarding the future of democracy in Latin America. The focus on the assembled experts was on the role of external pressures and the impact of…

Low birthweight among US Hispanic/Latino subgroups: the effect of maternal foreign-born status and education.

PubMed

Acevedo-Garcia, Dolores; Soobader, Mah-J; Berkman, Lisa F

2007-12-01

We investigated whether maternal foreign-born status confers a protective effect against low birthweight (LBW) across US Hispanic/Latino subgroups (i.e., Mexicans, Puerto Ricans, Cubans and Central/South Americans) in the USA, and whether the association between maternal education and LBW varies by Hispanic/Latino subgroup and by foreign-born status. We conducted logistic regression analyses of the 2002 US Natality Detail Data (n=634,797). Overall, foreign-born Latino women are less likely to have LBW infants than US-born Latino women. The protective effect of foreign-born status is stronger among Latino women with less than high school education. The maternal education gradient is significantly flatter among foreign-born Latino women than among their US-born counterparts (p<0.001). Patterns among Mexican-origin women account for the overall trends among all Latinos.Foreign-born status (main effect) reduces the risk of LBW among Mexicans by about 21% but does not protect against LBW among other Latino subgroups (i.e., Puerto Ricans, Cubans and Central/South Americans). Among Mexicans and Central South Americans, the protective effect of foreign-born status is stronger among women with low education (i.e., 0-11 and 12 years) than among women with more education (i.e., 13-15 and 16+ years). The educational gradient in LBW is less pronounced among foreign-born Mexicans and Central/South Americans than among their US-born counterparts. As such, maternal foreign-born status and education are associated with LBW, though the direction and strength of these associations vary across Latino subgroups. A "health paradox" is apparent for foreign-born Mexican and Central/South American women among whom there is a weak maternal educational gradient in LBW. Future research may test hypotheses regarding the mechanisms underlying these variations in LBW among Latino subgroups, i.e., different gradients in sending countries, health selection of immigrants, cultural factors, and social support.

Factors predictive of risk for complications in patients with oesophageal foreign bodies.

PubMed

Sung, Sang Hun; Jeon, Seong Woo; Son, Hyuk Su; Kim, Sung Kook; Jung, Min Kyu; Cho, Chang Min; Tak, Won Young; Kweon, Young Oh

2011-08-01

Reports on predictive risk factors associated with complications of ingested oesophageal foreign bodies are rare. The aim of this study was to determine the predictive risk factors associated with the complications of oesophageal foreign bodies. Three hundred sixteen cases with foreign bodies in the oesophagus were retrospectively investigated. The predictive risk factors for complications after foreign body ingestion were analysed by multivariate logistic regression, and included age, size and type of foreign body ingested, duration of impaction, and the level of foreign body impaction. The types of oesophageal foreign bodies included fish bones (37.0%), food (19.0%), and metals (18.4%). The complications associated with foreign bodies were ulcers (21.2%), lacerations (14.9%), erosions (12.0%), and perforation (1.9%). Multivariate analysis showed that the duration of impaction (p<0.001), and the type (p<0.001) and size of the foreign bodies (p<0.001) were significant independent risk factors associated with the development of complications in patients with oesophageal foreign bodies. In patients with oesophageal foreign bodies, the risk of complications was increased with a longer duration of impaction, bone type, and larger size. Copyright © 2011 Editrice Gastroenterologica Italiana S.r.l. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Diagnosis of Pediatric Foreign Body Ingestion: Clinical Presentation, Physical Examination, and Radiologic Findings.

PubMed

Sink, Jacquelyn R; Kitsko, Dennis J; Mehta, Deepak K; Georg, Matthew W; Simons, Jeffrey P

2016-04-01

(1) To describe clinical and radiologic findings in patients with esophageal foreign bodies. (2) To examine the sensitivity and specificity of history, physical examination, and radiologic studies in children with suspected foreign body ingestion. A retrospective cohort study was performed evaluating all children who underwent esophagoscopy for suspected foreign body ingestion at our institution from 2006 to 2013. Five hundred forty-three patients were included (54% male). Average age was 4.7 years (SD = 4.1 years). Foreign bodies were identified on esophagoscopy in 497 cases (92%). Ingestion was witnessed in 23% of cases. Most common presenting symptoms were choking/gagging (49%), vomiting (47%), and dysphagia/odynophagia (42%). Most patients with foreign bodies had a normal exam (76%). Most foreign bodies were radiopaque (83%). In 59% of patients with normal chest radiographs, a foreign body was present. Sensitivity and specificity of 1 or more findings on history, physical examination, and imaging were 99% and 0%, 21% and 76%, and 83% and 100%, respectively. Most patients with esophageal foreign bodies are symptomatic. Although many patients will have a normal physical examination, an abnormal exam should increase suspicion for a foreign body. Most esophageal foreign bodies are radiopaque, but a normal chest radiograph cannot rule out a foreign body. © The Author(s) 2015.

12 CFR 28.15 - Capital equivalency deposits.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... provided by the OCC, a foreign bank's capital equivalency deposits (CED) must consist of: (i) Investment... increase its CED above the minimum amount. For example, the OCC may require an increase if a Federal branch... arrangements. A foreign bank should require its depository bank to segregate its CED on the depository bank's...

12 CFR 28.15 - Capital equivalency deposits.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... provided by the OCC, a foreign bank's capital equivalency deposits (CED) must consist of: (i) Investment... increase its CED above the minimum amount. For example, the OCC may require an increase if a Federal branch... arrangements. A foreign bank should require its depository bank to segregate its CED on the depository bank's...

12 CFR 28.15 - Capital equivalency deposits.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... provided by the OCC, a foreign bank's capital equivalency deposits (CED) must consist of: (i) Investment... increase its CED above the minimum amount. For example, the OCC may require an increase if a Federal branch... arrangements. A foreign bank should require its depository bank to segregate its CED on the depository bank's...

Graduate Applications from Foreigners Rise

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Smith, Lauren

2007-01-01

In this article, the author reports on an annual survey on foreign applications to American graduate schools performed by the Council of Graduate Schools. The results suggests that while American graduate schools have continued to attract an increasing number of applications from international students, the rate of increase appears to be slowing.…

Teaching Spanish as a Foreign Language in Belgrade, Yugoslavia: A Need To Overcome the Old Ways.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Savic, Jelena M.

1997-01-01

Notes that although the popularity of Spanish as a foreign language has increased in Yugoslavia, little attention has been paid to Spanish teachers' attitudes toward foreign language teaching or to their continuous education. Presents a survey of teacher attitudes regarding curriculum and teaching methods. Results indicate that the teaching staff…

Can a Web-Based Course Improve Communicative Competence of Foreign-Born Nurses?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Van Schaik, Eileen; Lynch, Emily M.; Stoner, Susan A.; Sikorski, Lorna D.

2014-01-01

In the years since World War II, the United States has grown increasingly dependent on foreign-born healthcare personnel at all levels of the healthcare system. Foreign-born nurses report that while they may feel clinically competent, they often feel unprepared for the use of English in the healthcare setting (Davis & Nichols, 2002; Guttman,…

15 CFR 28.205 - Professional and technical services.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

...” shall be limited to advice and analysis directly applying any professional or technical discipline. For... applying their professional or technical expertise and unless the advice or analysis is rendered directly... 15 Commerce and Foreign Trade 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Professional and technical services...

19 CFR 146.40 - Operator responsibilities for direct delivery.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

...; DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY (CONTINUED) FOREIGN TRADE ZONES Admission of Merchandise to a Zone § 146.40 Operator responsibilities for direct delivery. (a) Arrival of conveyance. Upon arrival at a subzone or zone... Zone Operator's Bond and to relieve the carrier of responsibility. (5) Forward the in-bond or cartage...

19 CFR 146.40 - Operator responsibilities for direct delivery.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

...; DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY (CONTINUED) FOREIGN TRADE ZONES Admission of Merchandise to a Zone § 146.40 Operator responsibilities for direct delivery. (a) Arrival of conveyance. Upon arrival at a subzone or zone... Zone Operator's Bond and to relieve the carrier of responsibility. (5) Forward the in-bond or cartage...

19 CFR 146.40 - Operator responsibilities for direct delivery.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

...; DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY (CONTINUED) FOREIGN TRADE ZONES Admission of Merchandise to a Zone § 146.40 Operator responsibilities for direct delivery. (a) Arrival of conveyance. Upon arrival at a subzone or zone... Zone Operator's Bond and to relieve the carrier of responsibility. (5) Forward the in-bond or cartage...

19 CFR 146.40 - Operator responsibilities for direct delivery.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

...; DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY (CONTINUED) FOREIGN TRADE ZONES Admission of Merchandise to a Zone § 146.40 Operator responsibilities for direct delivery. (a) Arrival of conveyance. Upon arrival at a subzone or zone... Zone Operator's Bond and to relieve the carrier of responsibility. (5) Forward the in-bond or cartage...

19 CFR 146.40 - Operator responsibilities for direct delivery.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

...; DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY (CONTINUED) FOREIGN TRADE ZONES Admission of Merchandise to a Zone § 146.40 Operator responsibilities for direct delivery. (a) Arrival of conveyance. Upon arrival at a subzone or zone... Zone Operator's Bond and to relieve the carrier of responsibility. (5) Forward the in-bond or cartage...

22 CFR 712.205 - Professional and technical services.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

...” shall be limited to advice and analysis directly applying any professional or technical discipline. For... applying their professional or technical expertise and unless the advice or analysis is rendered directly... 22 Foreign Relations 2 2011-04-01 2009-04-01 true Professional and technical services. 712.205...

The Dynamics of Language Program Direction. Issues in Language Program Direction: A Series of Annual Volumes.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Benseler, David P., Ed.

This collection papers begins with "Introduction: The Dynamics of Successful Leadership in Foreign Language Programs," then features the following: "The Undergraduate Program: Autonomy and Empowerment" (Wilga M. Rivers); "TA Supervision: Are We Preparing a Future Professoriate?" (Cathy Pons); "Applied Scholarship…

Using methylene blue as a marker to find and remove tiny metallic foreign bodies embedded in the soft tissues of children: A randomised controlled trial.

PubMed

Su, Yuxi; Nan, Guoxin

2016-05-01

Embedment of metallic foreign bodies in the soft tissues is commonly encountered in the emergency room. Most foreign bodies are easily removed, but removal is difficult if the foreign body is very small or deeply embedded. To determine the usefulness of methylene blue staining in the surgical removal of tiny metallic foreign bodies embedded in the soft tissue. This prospective study involved 41 children treated between May 2007 and May 2012. The patients were randomly divided into a methylene blue group and a control group. In the control group, foreign bodies were located using a C-arm and removed via direct incision. In the methylene blue group, foreign bodies were located using a C-arm, marked with an injection of methylene blue and then removed surgically. The clinical outcomes, complications, operation time, surgical success rate, incision length, frequency of C-arm use, and length and depth of the foreign body were compared between the two groups. The surgical success rate was significantly higher in the methylene blue group. The average operation time was significantly shorter in the methylene blue group. The C-arm was used significantly less frequently in the methylene blue group than in the control group. The incision length was significantly shorter in the methylene blue group than in the control group. Methylene blue staining facilitated the location and removal of tiny metallic foreign bodies from the soft tissue, and significantly reduced operation time, incision length and radiation exposure compared to the conventional method. Copyright © 2016 IJS Publishing Group Ltd. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

In vitro chemotaxis and tissue remodeling assays quantitatively characterize foreign body reaction.

PubMed

Jannasch, Maren; Weigel, Tobias; Engelhardt, Lisa; Wiezoreck, Judith; Gaetzner, Sabine; Walles, Heike; Schmitz, Tobias; Hansmann, Jan

2017-01-01

Surgical implantation of a biomaterial triggers foreign-body-induced fibrous encapsulation. Two major mechanisms of this complex physiological process are (I) chemotaxis of fibroblasts from surrounding tissue to the implant region, followed by (II) tissue remodeling. As an alternative to animal studies, we here propose a process-aligned in vitro test platform to investigate the material dependency of fibroblast chemotaxis and tissue remodeling mediated by material-resident macrophages. Embedded in a biomimetic three-dimensional collagen hydrogel, chemotaxis of fibroblasts in the direction of macrophage-material-conditioned cell culture supernatant was analyzed by live cell imaging. A combination of statistical analysis with a complementary parameterized random walk model allowed quantitative and qualitative characterization of the cellular walk process. We thereby identified an increasing macrophage-mediated chemotactic potential ranking of biomaterials from glass over polytetrafluorethylene to titanium. To address long-term effects of bio-material-resident macrophages on fibroblasts in a three-dimensional microenvironment, we further studied tissue remodeling by applying macrophage-material-conditioned medium on fibrous in vitro tissue models. A high correlation of the in vitro tissue model to state of the art in vivo study data was found. Titanium exhibited a significantly lower tissue remodeling capacity compared to polytetrafluorethylene. With this approach, we identified a material dependency of both chemotaxis and tissue remodeling processes, strengthening knowledge on their specific contribution to the foreign body reaction.