INSTRUCTIONAL PERFORMANCE OBJECTIVES FOR A COURSE IN GENERAL BIOLOGY.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

MAFFETT, JAMES E.

THE INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVES OF A FRESHMAN COURSE IN GENERAL BIOLOGY ARE ORGANIZED FOR THE STUDENT'S EASE OF REFERENCE. THE COURSE IS OUTLINED, BY DEGREE OF COMPLEXITY, AS FOLLOWS--(1) ORIENTATION AND INTRODUCTION, (2) ORIGIN AND ORGANIZATION OF LIFE, (3) CYTOLOGY, (4) METABOLISM AND BIOCHEMISTRY, (5) PLANT LIFE (VASCULAR AND NON-VASCULAR), (6)…

Articulated Instruction Objectives Guide for Drafting. Final Document for Articulation of Drafting.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Henderson, Wm. Edward, Jr.

Intended for use in competency-based and criterion-referenced vocational programs, this articulated, performance-based instruction objectives guide for Drafting I is designed for reference use in the articulation of drafting programs at the secondary and postsecondary levels. It consists of a description of the development of the guide, 14…

Drafting and Design Technology Curriculum Guide.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Idaho State Dept. of Education, Boise. Div. of Vocational Education.

This document provides lists of tasks, performance objectives, and enabling objectives for 1,800 hours of postsecondary instruction or 900 hours of secondary instruction in the drafting and design technology program. Following a list of tasks and an explanation of the program, the bulk of the document consists of 25 modules, each of which is a…

Snowmobile Repair.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Helbling, Wayne

This guide is designed to provide and/or improve instruction for occupational training in the area of snowmobile repair, and includes eight areas. Each area consists of one or more units of instruction, with each instructional unit including some or all of the following basic components: Performance objectives, suggested activities for teacher and…

Teacher Aide Individually Prescribed Instructional Modules.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Livingston Univ., AL. Coll. of Education.

This document contains 59 individually prescribed instructional modules for use in teacher aide education programs. Each module has six sections: 1) Behavioral objectives, 2) purpose, 3) performance criteria, 4) experiences, 5) resources, and 6) taxonomy. The subjects covered include the use of instructional equipment such as language master,…

Articulated, Performance-Based Instruction Objectives Guide for Automotive Mechanics. Final Document. Revised.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Henderson, William Edward, Jr.

Developed during a project designed to provide continuous, performance-based vocational training at the secondary and postsecondary levels, this instructional guide is intended to help teachers implement a laterally and vertically articulated secondary level automotive mechanics program. Introductory materials include descriptions of Automotive…

Industrial Electronics. Performance Objectives. Basic Course.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Tiffany, Earl

Several intermediate performance objectives and corresponding criterion measures are listed for each of 30 terminal objectives for a two-semester (2 hours daily) high school course in basic industrial electronics. The objectives cover instruction in basic electricity including AC-DC theory, magnetism, electrical safety, care and use of hand tools,…

Highway Maintenance Equipment Operator. Specialized Equipment. Training Materials.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Perky, Sandra Dutreau; And Others

This curriculum guide provides instructional materials to assist in training equipment operators in the safe and effective use of highway maintenance equipment. It includes 18 units of instruction covering the large equipment used in maintenance operations. Each unit of instruction consists of eight basic components: performance objectives,…

Articulated, Performance-Based Instruction Objectives Guide for Welding. Final Document. Revised.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Henderson, William Edward, Jr.

Developed during a project designed to provide continuous, performance-based vocational training at the secondary and postsecondary levels, this instructional guide is intended to help teachers implement a laterally and vertically articulated secondary level welding program. Introductory materials include descriptions of Welding I and II,…

Articulated, Performance-Based Instruction Objectives Guide for Building Construction/Carpentry. Final Document. Revised.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Henderson, William Edward, Jr.

Developed during a project designed to provide continuous, performance-based vocational training at the secondary and postsecondary levels, this instructional guide is intended to help teachers implement a laterally and vertically articulated secondary level building construction/carpentry program. Introductory materials include descriptions of…

Laser System Technician. A Catalog of Performance Objectives and Performance Guides.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Florida State Dept. of Education, Tallahassee. Div. of Vocational, Adult, and Community Education.

This Vocational-Technical Education Consortium of States (V-TECS) catalog contains the state-of-the-art tasks and standards of performance for the occupation of laser system technician. It provides the curriculum specialist or instructor with the foundation for instructional development. Performance objectives and performance guides are provided…

Research on Objectives for High-School Biology

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Korgan, John J., Jr.; Wilson, John T.

1973-01-01

Describes procedures to develop instructional objectives for high school biology. Two kinds of objectives are identified as pre-objectives and performance objectives. Models to classify these in branches of biology and to ensure quality control are provided. (PS)

Applied Welding Technology Curriculum Guide.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Idaho State Dept. of Education, Boise. Div. of Vocational Education.

This Idaho state curriculum guide provides lists of tasks, performance objectives, and enabling objectives for instruction in welding. Following an introduction and a list of tasks, the bulk of the document consists of 10 modules, each of which is a list of tasks and the performance objectives and enabling objectives that pertain to each task. The…

Electronics Technology. Performance Objectives. Basic Course.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Campbell, Guy

Several intermediate performance objectives and corresponding criterion measures are listed for each of 20 terminal objectives for a basic electronics technology course. The materials were developed for a two-semester course (2 hours daily) designed to include instruction in basic electricity and electronic fundamentals, and to develop skills and…

Performance Measures in Courses Using Computer-Aided Personalized System of Instruction

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Springer, C. R.; Pear, J. J.

2008-01-01

Archived data from four courses taught with computer-aided personalized system of instruction (CAPSI)--an online, self-paced, instructional program--were used to explore the relationship between objectively rescored final exam grades, peer reviewing, and progress rate--i.e., the rate at which students completed unit tests. There was a strong…

Articulated, Performance-Based Instruction Objectives Guide for Machine Shop Technology.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Henderson, William Edward, Jr., Ed.

This articulation guide contains 21 units of instruction for two years of machine shop. The objectives of the program are to provide the student with the basic terminology and fundamental knowledge and skills in machining (year 1) and to teach him/her to set up and operate machine tools and make or repair metal parts, tools, and machines (year 2).…

Effect of the Use of Instructional Anatomy Videos on Student Performance

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Saxena, Varun; Natarajan, Pradeep; O'Sullivan, Patricia S.; Jain, Sharad

2008-01-01

Medical schools have reduced the time allotted to anatomy instruction. Consequently, schools engage students in more independent settings using information and communication technologies (ICT). There has been limited research in the use of video aids, a type of ICT, to enhance anatomy examination performance. The objective of this study is to…

Performing an allreduce operation using shared memory

DOEpatents

Archer, Charles J [Rochester, MN; Dozsa, Gabor [Ardsley, NY; Ratterman, Joseph D [Rochester, MN; Smith, Brian E [Rochester, MN

2012-04-17

Methods, apparatus, and products are disclosed for performing an allreduce operation using shared memory that include: receiving, by at least one of a plurality of processing cores on a compute node, an instruction to perform an allreduce operation; establishing, by the core that received the instruction, a job status object for specifying a plurality of shared memory allreduce work units, the plurality of shared memory allreduce work units together performing the allreduce operation on the compute node; determining, by an available core on the compute node, a next shared memory allreduce work unit in the job status object; and performing, by that available core on the compute node, that next shared memory allreduce work unit.

Performing an allreduce operation using shared memory

DOEpatents

Archer, Charles J; Dozsa, Gabor; Ratterman, Joseph D; Smith, Brian E

2014-06-10

Methods, apparatus, and products are disclosed for performing an allreduce operation using shared memory that include: receiving, by at least one of a plurality of processing cores on a compute node, an instruction to perform an allreduce operation; establishing, by the core that received the instruction, a job status object for specifying a plurality of shared memory allreduce work units, the plurality of shared memory allreduce work units together performing the allreduce operation on the compute node; determining, by an available core on the compute node, a next shared memory allreduce work unit in the job status object; and performing, by that available core on the compute node, that next shared memory allreduce work unit.

Automotive Mechanics. Student Learning Guides.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ridge Vocational-Technical Center, Winter Haven, FL.

These 33 learning guides are self-instructional packets for 33 tasks identified as essential for performance on an entry-level job in automotive mechanics. Each guide is based on a terminal performance objective (task) and 1-9 enabling objectives. For each enabliing objective, some or all of these materials may be presented: learning steps…

Mechanical Drafting. Student Learning Guides.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ridge Vocational-Technical Center, Winter Haven, FL.

These four learning guides are self-instructional packets for four tasks identified as essential for performance on an entry-level job in mechanical drafting. Each guide is based on a terminal performance objective (task) and 2-4 enabling objectives. For each enabling objective, some or all of these materials may be presented: learning steps…

Livestock. Student Learning Guides.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ridge Vocational-Technical Center, Winter Haven, FL.

These 25 learning guides are self-instructional packets for 25 tasks identified as essential for performance on an entry-level job in livestock production. Each guide is based on a terminal performance objective (task) and 1-4 enabling objectives. For each enabling objective, some or all of these materials may be presented: learning steps (outline…

Health Occupations Education: Medical Assistant.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Sloan, Jamee Reid

These medical assistant instructional materials include 28 instructional units organized into sections covering orientation; anatomy and physiology, related disorders, disease, and skills; office practices; and clinical practices. Each unit includes eight basic components: performance objectives, suggested activities for teachers, information…

Physical Education Opportunity Program for Exceptional Learners (PEOPEL): A Teacher's Guide for Secondary Schools. Second Edition.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Irmer, Larry D.; And Others

The instructional guide for PEOPEL (Physical Education Opportunity Program for Exceptional Learners) contains 36 units of instruction for use with handicapped junior and senior high school students. The units contain basic performance objectives which have been task analyzed in an effort to individualize instruction. Each unit is divided into four…

A Comparison of Web Page and Slide/Tape for Instruction in Periapical and Panoramic Radiographic Anatomy.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ludlow, John B.; Platin, Enrique

2000-01-01

Compared self-guided slide/tape (ST) and Web page (WP) instruction in normal radiographic anatomy of periapical and panoramic images using objective test performance and subjective preferences of 74 freshman dental students. Test performance was not different between image types or presentation technologies, but students preferred WP for…

Parts Marketing. A Student Learning Guide.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ridge Vocational-Technical Center, Winter Haven, FL.

This learning guide is a self-instructional packet for one task identified as essential for performance on an entry-level job in parts marketing. The guide is based on a terminal performance objective (task) and two enabling objectives. For each enabling objective, some or all of these materials may be presented: learning steps (outline of student…

Welding. Student Learning Guides.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ridge Vocational-Technical Center, Winter Haven, FL.

These 23 learning guides are self-instructional packets for 23 tasks identified as essential for performance on an entry-level job in welding. Each guide is based on a terminal performance objective (task) and 1-4 enabling objectives. For each enabling objective, some or all of these materials may be presented: learning steps (outline of student…

Plumbing and Pipefitting. Student Learning Guides.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ridge Vocational-Technical Center, Winter Haven, FL.

These 32 learning guides are self-instructional packets for 32 tasks identified as essential for performance on an entry-level job in plumbing and pipefitting. Each guide is based on a terminal performance objective (task) and 1-4 enabling objectives. For each enabling objective, some or all of these materials may be presented: learning steps…

Clothing Production. Student Learning Guides.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ridge Vocational-Technical Center, Winter Haven, FL.

These 59 learning guides are self-instructional packets for 59 tasks identified as essential for performance on an entry-level job in clothing production. Each guide is based on a terminal performance objective (task) and 2-5 enabling objectives. For each enabling objective, some or all of these materials may be presented: learning steps (outline…

A Basic Instructional Unit in Ophthalmology for Medical Students: Conceptualization, Development, Validation and Implementation. Final Report.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Spivey, Bruce E.; And Others

A systems approach has been used to develop and validate instructional materials in medical education. Seven self-instructional units, currently in various stages of completion, form the basis of a basic curriculum in opthamology. Performance objectives for the units were derived from the results of a questionnaire responded to by 1,600…

What Cognitive Science May Learn from Instructional Design: A Case Study in Introductory Computer Programming.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

van Merrienboer, Jeroen J. G.

The contributions of instructional design to cognitive science are discussed. It is argued that both sciences have their own object of study, but share a common interest in human cognition and performance as part of instructional systems. From a case study based on experience in teaching introductory computer programming, it is concluded that both…

The Potential of Supplemental Instruction in Engineering Education--Helping New Students to Adjust to and Succeed in University Studies

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Malm, Joakim; Bryngfors, Leif; Mörner, Lise-Lotte

2015-01-01

Supplemental Instruction (SI) is a programme that is attached to difficult courses with the objective of increasing student performance and retention. However, an SI programme also has the potential to increase overall student performance and retention during the first critical year if applied to introductory courses. In this study the latter…

Professional Teacher Education Module Series. Assess Student Performance: Knowledge, Module D-2 of Category D--Instructional Evaluation.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ohio State Univ., Columbus. National Center for Research in Vocational Education.

This second in a series of six learning modules on instructional evaluation is designed to give secondary and postsecondary vocational teachers help in assessing student performance as it relates to knowledge of the facts, data, related information, and procedures taught in their vocational courses. The terminal objective for the module is to…

Millwright Instructional Materials.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hendrix, Laborn J.; Pierce, Greg

This manual contains instructional materials for use in training millwrights working in industrial and commercial construction sites. Intended as an innovative complement to on-the-job training in construction, the material is written in terms of student performance using behavioral objectives and measured by criterion-referenced evaluation…

The effects of instruction and hand dominance on grip-to-load force coordination in manipulation tasks.

PubMed

Jin, Xin; Uygur, Mehmet; Getchell, Nancy; Hall, Susan J; Jaric, Slobodan

2011-10-31

The force applied upon a vertically oriented hand-held object could be decomposed into two orthogonal and highly coordinated components: the grip force (GF; the component perpendicular to the hand-object contact area that provides friction) and the load force (LF; the parallel component that can move the object or support the body). The aim of this study was to investigate the underexplored effects of task instruction and hand dominance on GF-LF coordination. Sixteen right-handed subjects performed bimanual manipulation against a horizontally oriented instrumented device under different sets of instructions. The tasks involved exertion of ramp-and-hold or oscillation patterns of LF performed symmetrically with two hands, while the instructions regarding individual actions were either similar (pull with both hands) or dissimilar (pull with one hand and hold with another). The results revealed that the instruction "to pull" leads to higher indices of GF-LF coordination than the instruction "to hold", as evidenced by a lower GF-LF ratio, higher GF-LF coupling, and higher GF modulation. The only effect of hand dominance was a moderate time lag of GF relative to LF changes observed in the non-dominant hand. We conclude that the instructions could play an important role in GF-LF coordination and, therefore, they should be taken into account when exploring or routinely testing hand function. Additionally, the results suggest that the neural control of GF of the non-dominant hand could involve some feedback mechanisms. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

Commercial Foods and Culinary Arts. Student Learning Guides.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ridge Vocational-Technical Center, Winter Haven, FL.

These 13 learning guides are self-instructional packets for 13 tasks identified as essential for performance on an entry-level job in commercial foods and culinary arts. Each guide is based on a terminal performance objective (task) and 1-4 enabling objectives. For each enabling objective, some or all of these materials may be presented: learning…

Mechanical Drafting.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

McClain, Gerald R.

This publication, the third in a series on drafting, is intended to strengthen students' competence in the specialized field of mechanical drafting. The text consists of instructional materials for both teacher and students, written in terms of student performance using measurable objectives. The course includes 11 units. Each instructional unit…

Heavy Equipment Operator: General Equipment Operator. Instructional Materials.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hendrix, Laborn J.; Sawatzky, Joyce

Developed through close coordination between contractors, construction workers, and vocational educators, this instructor's manual is designed to help heavy equipment instructors present materials in a systematic format. The instructional materials in the manual are written in terms of student performance, using measurable behavioral objectives.…

Commercial Carpentry. Instructor Edition.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hendrix, Laborn J.

This teaching guide is intended to combine practical experience in the construction industry with the teaching methods of vocational education for instruction in carpentry. Instructional material in this manual is written in terms of student performance, using measurable behavioral objectives. This guide contains 4 sections organized in 24…

Income Tax. Teacher Edition. Farm Business Management Series.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Oklahoma State Dept. of Vocational and Technical Education, Stillwater. Curriculum and Instructional Materials Center.

This curriculum guide for the Oklahoma Farm Business Management Program contains four instructional units that provide students with the necessary knowledge to complete an accurate income tax return. Each unit of instruction includes some or all of these components: performance objectives, suggested activities for the instructor, information…

Practical Nursing. Volume II. Health Occupations Education. Revised.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Rogers, Helen V.; Reid-Sloan, Jamee

This curriculum guide, revised from a 1975 edition, provides teachers with up-to-date information and skill-related applications needed by practical nurses. It includes 4 sections and 24 instructional units. Each unit of instruction consists of eight basic components: performance objectives, teacher activities, information sheets, assignment…

Heavy Equipment Operator Instructional Materials. Basic Core. Volume I.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hendrix, Laborn J.; Sawatzky, Joyce

Developed through close coordination between contractors, construction workers, and vocational educators, this instructor's manual is designed to help heavy equipment instructors present materials in a systematic format. The instructional materials in the manual are written in terms of student performance, using measurable behavioral objectives.…

Forestry. Teacher Edition.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Oklahoma State Dept. of Vocational and Technical Education, Stillwater. Curriculum and Instructional Materials Center.

This curriculum is designed to provide training in skills used by technicians and foresters throughout the world who plant, care for, and harvest trees. It contains 16 units. Each instructional unit includes some or all of the basic components of a unit of instruction: performance objectives, suggested activities, handouts, information sheets,…

Evaluation of an instructional model to teach clinically relevant medicinal chemistry in a campus and a distance pathway.

PubMed

Alsharif, Naser Z; Galt, Kimberly A

2008-04-15

To evaluate an instructional model for teaching clinically relevant medicinal chemistry. An instructional model that uses Bloom's cognitive and Krathwohl's affective taxonomy, published and tested concepts in teaching medicinal chemistry, and active learning strategies, was introduced in the medicinal chemistry courses for second-professional year (P2) doctor of pharmacy (PharmD) students (campus and distance) in the 2005-2006 academic year. Student learning and the overall effectiveness of the instructional model were assessed. Student performance after introducing the instructional model was compared to that in prior years. Student performance on course examinations improved compared to previous years. Students expressed overall enthusiasm about the course and better understood the value of medicinal chemistry to clinical practice. The explicit integration of the cognitive and affective learning objectives improved student performance, student ability to apply medicinal chemistry to clinical practice, and student attitude towards the discipline. Testing this instructional model provided validation to this theoretical framework. The model is effective for both our campus and distance-students. This instructional model may also have broad-based applications to other science courses.

Improving the Perceptual Performance of Learning Disabled Second Graders through Computer Assisted Instruction.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Burke, James P.

The practicum designed a perceptual activities program for learning disabled second graders using computer-assisted instruction. The program develops skills involving visual motor coordination, figure-ground differentiation, form constancy, position in space, and spatial relationships. Five behavioral objectives for each developmental area were…

Medical-Surgical II. Teacher Edition.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Oklahoma State Dept. of Vocational and Technical Education, Stillwater. Curriculum and Instructional Materials Center.

This publication is designed to provide students with the knowledge they need to pursue a career in medical-surgical nursing. Fifteen units are provided. Each instructional unit includes some or all of the basic components of a unit of instruction: performance objectives, suggested activities for the teacher, information sheets, job sheets,…

Auctioneering Training Certificate Program 93-1001. Final Report.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Clark, Charles H.

A project was conducted to prepare a catalog of duties and tasks, performance objectives and guides, and instructional materials that would enable schools to develop instructional programs designed to prepare persons to enter the career of auctioneering. An occupational survey of auctioneers was conducted; a writing team of auctioneers prepared…

Medical-Surgical I. Teacher Edition.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Oklahoma State Dept. of Vocational and Technical Education, Stillwater. Curriculum and Instructional Materials Center.

This publication is designed to provide students with the knowledge they need to pursue a career in medical-surgical nursing. Eight units are provided. Each instructional unit includes some or all of the basic components of a unit of instruction: performance objectives, suggested activities for the teacher, information sheets, job sheets, written…

A Usability Study of a Serious Game in Cognitive Rehabilitation: A Compensatory Navigation Training in Acquired Brain Injury Patients

PubMed Central

van der Kuil, Milan N. A.; Visser-Meily, Johanna M. A.; Evers, Andrea W. M.; van der Ham, Ineke J. M.

2018-01-01

Acquired brain injury patients often report navigation impairments. A cognitive rehabilitation therapy has been designed in the form of a serious game. The aim of the serious game is to aid patients in the development of compensatory navigation strategies by providing exercises in 3D virtual environments on their home computers. The objective of this study was to assess the usability of three critical gaming attributes: movement control in 3D virtual environments, instruction modality and feedback timing. Thirty acquired brain injury patients performed three tasks in which objective measures of usability were obtained. Mouse controlled movement was compared to keyboard controlled movement in a navigation task. Text-based instructions were compared to video-based instructions in a knowledge acquisition task. The effect of feedback timing on performance and motivation was examined in a navigation training game. Subjective usability ratings of all design options were assessed using questionnaires. Results showed that mouse controlled interaction in 3D environments is more effective than keyboard controlled interaction. Patients clearly preferred video-based instructions over text-based instructions, even though video-based instructions were not more effective in context of knowledge acquisition and comprehension. No effect of feedback timing was found on performance and motivation in games designed to train navigation abilities. Overall appreciation of the serious game was positive. The results provide valuable insights in the design choices that facilitate the transfer of skills from serious games to real-life situations. PMID:29922196

A Usability Study of a Serious Game in Cognitive Rehabilitation: A Compensatory Navigation Training in Acquired Brain Injury Patients.

PubMed

van der Kuil, Milan N A; Visser-Meily, Johanna M A; Evers, Andrea W M; van der Ham, Ineke J M

2018-01-01

Acquired brain injury patients often report navigation impairments. A cognitive rehabilitation therapy has been designed in the form of a serious game. The aim of the serious game is to aid patients in the development of compensatory navigation strategies by providing exercises in 3D virtual environments on their home computers. The objective of this study was to assess the usability of three critical gaming attributes: movement control in 3D virtual environments, instruction modality and feedback timing. Thirty acquired brain injury patients performed three tasks in which objective measures of usability were obtained. Mouse controlled movement was compared to keyboard controlled movement in a navigation task. Text-based instructions were compared to video-based instructions in a knowledge acquisition task. The effect of feedback timing on performance and motivation was examined in a navigation training game. Subjective usability ratings of all design options were assessed using questionnaires. Results showed that mouse controlled interaction in 3D environments is more effective than keyboard controlled interaction. Patients clearly preferred video-based instructions over text-based instructions, even though video-based instructions were not more effective in context of knowledge acquisition and comprehension. No effect of feedback timing was found on performance and motivation in games designed to train navigation abilities. Overall appreciation of the serious game was positive. The results provide valuable insights in the design choices that facilitate the transfer of skills from serious games to real-life situations.

Performance-Based Education Project: A Component of the Institutional Outcomes Model. Course Prototype. U.S. History 121 (HIS121).

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

John Wood Community Coll., Quincy, IL.

This document is an assessment of a performance-based education project that involved a United States history course, offered at a community college. Thirty-two student performance objectives are outlined and lesson plans designed to achieve each objective are presented. Each lesson plan consists of an instructional topic, prerequisites, interest…

Family Living and Parenthood. Performance Objectives and Criterion-Referenced Test Items.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Missouri Univ., Columbia. Instructional Materials Lab.

This guide was developed to assist home economics teachers in implementing the Missouri Vocational Instructional Management System into the home economics curriculum at the local level through a family living and parenthood semester course. The course contains a minimum of two performance objectives for each competency developed and validated by…

Advanced Waste Treatment, Wastewater Technology: A Two-Year Post High School Instructional Program. An Instructor's Guide for Use of Instructional Material in Wastewater Technology Training Programs. Volume VI.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gearheart, Robert A.; And Others

This document is one in a series which outlines performance objectives and instructional modules for a course of study which explains the relationship and functions of the process units in a wastewater treatment plant. The modules are arranged in order appropriate for teaching students with no experience. The modules can also be rearranged and…

Comparison of Direct Instruction and Problem Centered Instruction for Army Institutional Training

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-04-01

of the ALC small group classrooms and were briefed on the general research objectives. They then completed the pretest and Demographic...Findings For this research, we measured participants’ performance on well-defined (WD) tasks in terms of their score on the pretest and posttest ...WD score was 49% on the pretest and 52% on the posttest . Similarly, we measured participants’ performance on ill-defined (ID) tasks in terms of

Analysis of Farm Records. Teacher Edition. Farm Business Management Series.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Oklahoma State Dept. of Vocational and Technical Education, Stillwater. Curriculum and Instructional Materials Center.

This curriculum guide for the Oklahoma Farm Business Management Program contains three instructional units that teach students how to interpret farm records to get optimum use of facilities and maximize profits. Each unit of instruction includes some or all of these components: performance objectives, suggested activities for the instructor,…

System Concept in Education. Professional Paper No. 20-74.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Smith, Robert G., Jr.

In its most general sense, a system is a group of components integrated to accomplish a purpose. The heart of an educational system is the instructional system. An instructional system is an integrated set of media, equipment, methods, and personnel performing efficiently those functions required to accomplish one or more learning objectives. An…

Introduction to Insulation. Instructor Edition. Introduction to Construction Series.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Oklahoma State Dept. of Vocational and Technical Education, Stillwater. Curriculum and Instructional Materials Center.

This instructor's guide contains the materials required to teach a competency-based introductory course in insulation to students who have chosen to explore careers in construction. It contains three units: instructional unit includes some or all of the basic components of a unit of instruction: performance objectives, suggested activities for the…

Improving Students' Attitudes toward Science Using Instructional Congruence

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Zain, Ahmad Nurulazam Md; Samsudin, Mohd Ali; Rohandi, Robertus; Jusoh, Azman

2010-01-01

The objective of this study was to improve students' attitudes toward science using instructional congruence. The study was conducted in Malaysia, in three low-performing secondary schools in the state of Penang. Data collected with an Attitudes in Science instrument were analysed using Rasch modeling. Qualitative data based on the reflections of…

American Industries. Junior Hi. Pre-Vocational. Power and Transportation.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Goldsbury, Paul; And Others

Several intermediate performance objectives and corresponding criterion measures are listed for each of 10 terminal objectives in this junior high school power and transportation course guide. Each objective also includes learning steps and suggestions for supplementary instructional aids. The overall focus is on the concepts of industrial…

Management and Supervision Procedures for Wastewater Facilities, Wastewater Technology: A Two-Year Post High School Instructional Program. An Instructor's Guide for Use of Instructional Material in Wastewater Technology Training Programs. Volume IV.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Mason, George J.; And Others

This document is one in a series which outlines performance objectives and instructional modules for a course of study in the management of wastewater treatment plants. The modules are arranged in an order appropriate for teaching students with no experience. The modules can also be rearranged and adapted for courses to upgrade personnel moving…

Process Interaction for Wastewater Facilities, Wastewater Technology: A Two-Year Post High School Instructional Program. An Instructor's Guide for Use of Instructional Material in Wastewater Technology Training Programs. Volume V.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gearheart, Robert A.; And Others

This document is one in a series which outlines performance objectives and instructional modules for a course of study which explains the relationships and functions of the process units in a wastewater treatment plant. The modules are arranged in an order appropriate for teaching students with no experience. The modules can also be rearranged and…

The effects of age, illustrations, and task variables on the performance of procedural assembly tasks.

PubMed

Morrell, R W; Park, D C

1993-09-01

Older adults may be disadvantaged in the performance of procedural assembly tasks because of age-related declines in working memory operations. It was hypothesized that adding illustrations to instructional text may lessen age-related performance differences by minimizing processing demands on working memory in the elderly. In the present study, younger and older adults constructed a series of 3-dimensional objects from 3 types of instructions (text only, illustration only, or text and illustrations). Results indicated that instructions consisting of text and illustrations reduced errors in construction for both age groups compared with the other formats. Younger adults, however, outperformed older adults under all instructional format conditions. Measures of spatial and verbal working memory and text comprehension ability accounted for substantial age-related variance across the different format conditions but did not fully account for the age differences observed.

A Study of Job Demands and Curriculum Development in Agricultural Training Related to the Muskegon County Wastewater Management System. Final Report. Volume III. Student Terminal Performance Objectives and Instructional Modules.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Fisher, Harold S.; And Others

This is the third volume of a four-volume report of a research project designed to (1) identify job needs for agricultural occupations which will result from the Muskegon County Wastewater Management System and perform a task analysis on each occupation, (2) develop instructional modules and determine their place in either high school or 2-year…

Lack of Interaction between Sensing-Intuitive Learning Styles and Problem-First versus Information-First Instruction: A Randomized Crossover Trial

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Cook, David A.; Thompson, Warren G.; Thomas, Kris G.; Thomas, Matthew R.

2009-01-01

Background: Adaptation to learning styles has been proposed to enhance learning. Objective: We hypothesized that learners with sensing learning style would perform better using a problem-first instructional method while intuitive learners would do better using an information-first method. Design: Randomized, controlled, crossover trial. Setting:…

Plant Operations for Wastewater Facilities, Vol. II, Part D. An Instructor's Guide for Use of Instructional Material in Wastewater Technology Training Programs.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Stoakes, K. C.; And Others

This instructor's guide, designed for use with the curriculum, Plant Operations for Wastewater Facilities, represents a two-year wastewater technology instructional program based on performance objectives designed to prepare undergraduate students to enter occupations in water and wastewater treatment plant operations and maintenance. This…

Career Exploration 9-10. Lessons in Career Education for Use in Algebra. Bulletin #700. Career Development K-10. (Revised.)

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Cincinnati Public Schools, OH.

Lesson plans for teachers of ninth and tenth grade students contained in this guide are organized according to subject (algebra), instructional topic, career education developmental area, instructional goal, developmental goal, performance objectives, activities, and resource materials. The seven developmental areas of career education are listed…

Plant Operations for Wastewater Facilities, Vol. II, Part E. An Instructor's Guide for Use of Instructional Material in Wastewater Technology Training Programs.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Stoakes, K. C.; And Others

This instructor's guide, designed for use with the curriculum, Plant Operations for Wastewater Facilities, represents a two-year wastewater technology instructional program based on performance objectives designed to prepare undergraduate students to enter occupations in water and wastewater treatment plant operations and maintenance. This…

Plant Operations for Wastewater Facilities, Vol. II, Part B. An Instructor's Guide for Use of Instructional Material in Wastewater Technology Training Programs.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Stoakes, K. C.; And Others

This instructor's guide, designed for use with the curriculum, Plant Operations for Wastewater Facilities, represents a two-year wastewater technology instructional program based on performance objectives designed to prepare undergraduate students to enter occupations in water and wastewater treatment plant operations and maintenance. This…

Plant Operations for Wastewater Facilities, Vol. II, Part A. An Instructor's Guide for Use of Instructional Material in Wastewater Technology Training Programs.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Stoakes, K. C.; And Others

This instructor's guide, designed for use with the curriculum, Plant Operations for Wastewater Facilities, represents a two-year wastewater technology instructional program based on performance objectives designed to prepare undergraduate students to enter occupations in water and wastewater treatment plant operations and maintenance. This…

Plant Operations for Wastewater Facilities, Vol. II, Part C. An Instructor's Guide for Use of Instructional Material in Wastewater Technology Training Programs.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Stoakes, K. C.; And Others

This instructor's guide, designed for use with the curriculum, Plant Operations for Wastewater Facilities, represents a two-year wastewater technology instructional program based on performance objectives designed to prepare undergraduate students to enter occupations in water and wastewater treatment plant operations and maintenance. This…

Learning Auditory Discrimination with Computer-Assisted Instruction: A Comparison of Two Different Performance Objectives.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Steinhaus, Kurt A.

A 12-week study of two groups of 14 college freshmen music majors was conducted to determine which group demonstrated greater achievement in learning auditory discrimination using computer-assisted instruction (CAI). The method employed was a pre-/post-test experimental design using subjects randomly assigned to a control group or an experimental…

Evaluation: Test Construction and Use. An Instructional Model for Undergraduate Teacher Education in the RAFT Program at Mississippi State University.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Handley, Herbert M., Ed.

This module developed by the Research Applications for Teaching (RAFT) project assists the preservice teacher in constructing test items to better measure the outcomes of instructional objectives. Student teachers are also assisted in the interpretation of results of a student's performance on a standardized test. Students also…

Science: Our Solar System, From Atmosphere to Space. Authorized Course of Instruction for the Quinmester Program.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Dade County Public Schools, Miami, FL.

Performance objectives are stated for both of the secondary school units included in this package of instructional guides prepared for the Dade County Florida Quinmester Program. Both units are concerned with astronomy and space: "Our Solar System" and "From Atmosphere to Space." The former deals mainly with astronomy while the…

Selection of features within and without objects: effects of gestalt appearance and object-based instruction on behavior and event-related brain potentials.

PubMed

Verleger, Rolf; Groen, Margriet; Heide, Wolfgang; Sobieralska, Kinga; Jaśkowski, Piotr

2008-05-01

We studied how physical and instructed embedding of features in gestalts affects perceptual selection. Four ovals on the horizontal midline were either unconnected or pairwise connected by circles, forming ears of left and right heads (gestalts). Relevant to responding was the position of one colored oval, either within its pair or relative to fixation ("object-based" or "fixation-based" instruction). Responses were faster under fixation- than object-based instruction, less so with gestalts. Previously reported increases of N1 when evoked by features within objects were replicated for fixation-based instruction only. There was no effect of instruction on N2pc. However P1 increased under the adequate instruction, object-based for gestalts, fixation-based for unconnected items, which presumably indicated how foci of attention were set by expecting specific stimuli under instructions that specified how to bind these stimuli to objects.

L'Afrique. Niveau VI. Base sur le programme scolaire de sciences sociales de Montgomery County Public Schools (Africa. Grade 6. Based on the Social Studies Curriculum of the Montgomery County Public Schools).

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Rouhol-Amin, Irandokht

The grade 6 social studies curriculum on Africa for French immersion is outlined. The syllabus consists of seven units. Each contains an instructional objective (in English); a number of specific performance objectives; and for each performance objective, required and optional vocabulary, a list of related activities, and exercises for classroom…

Welding III.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Allegheny County Community Coll., Pittsburgh, PA.

Instructional objectives and performance requirements are outlined in this course guide for Welding III, an advanced course in arc welding offered at the Community College of Allegheny County to provide students with the proficiency necessary for industrial certification. The course objectives, which are outlined first, specify that students will…

Articulated, Performance-Based Instruction Objectives Guide for Air Conditioning, Refrigeration, and Heating. Volume II (Second Year).

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Henderson, William Edward, Jr., Ed.

This articulation guide contains 17 units of instruction for the second year of a two-year vocational program designed to prepare the high school graduate to install, maintain, and repair various types of residential and commercial heating, air conditioning, and refrigeration equipment. The units are designed to help the student to expand and…

The School as an Organization. A Determinant of Social Studies Curriculum and Instruction. Publication Number 2.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Brubaker, Dale L.; Nelson, Roland H., Jr.

A basic premise of this essay is that educational organizations perform certain functions for students in order to attain purposes, goals, and objectives, and in turn these functions influence what social studies educators can and cannot do in curriculum and instruction. It is argued that teachers of the social studies must learn about the…

Articulated, Performance-Based Instruction Objectives Guide for Air Conditioning, Refrigeration, and Heating (Environmental Control System Installer/Servicer). Edition I.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Henderson, William Edward, Jr., Ed.

This articulation guide contains 17 units of instruction for the first year of a two-year vocational program designed to prepare the high school graduate to install, maintain, and repair various types of residential and commercial heating, air conditioning, and refrigeration equipment. The units are to introduce the student to fundamental theories…

Autobody Technology Curriculum Guide.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Idaho State Dept. of Education, Boise. Div. of Vocational Education.

This Idaho state curriculum guide provides lists of tasks, performance objectives, and enabling objectives for instruction in auto body technology. Following a curriculum framework that explains major content, laboratory activities, and intended outcomes, the document lists all tasks covered in the curriculum. The bulk of the document consists of…

A Planning Process and the Integration of Institutional Research.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Spencer, R.; And Others

Consisting mainly of charts, graphs, and lists, this publication presents materials used in the Delaware County Community College (DCCC) planning and institutional research processes. Guidelines for establishing DCCC mission, goals, objectives, and management by objectives performance standards relative to planning changes, instructional programs,…

Report of the Technical Committee for Marketing.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Oregon State Dept. of Education, Salem. Div. of Vocational Education.

This committee report identifies the skills and knowledge required by employees in the marketing occupational area. It also provides performance objectives from which competencies and instructional objectives may be developed. Introductory materials include a list of committee members, statement of the marketing committee, information on marketing…

The Developmental Program--Is It Working?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Cosby, Jon P.

At the North Campus of Florida Junior College at Jacksonville, a Developmental Education Program has been initiated to serve the needs of students entering college with deficient skills. Individualized instruction, open-ended courses, counseling to improve student self-concept, performance objectives, and objective evaluations are ingredients…

Brain-computer interface control along instructed paths

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sadtler, P. T.; Ryu, S. I.; Tyler-Kabara, E. C.; Yu, B. M.; Batista, A. P.

2015-02-01

Objective. Brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) are being developed to assist paralyzed people and amputees by translating neural activity into movements of a computer cursor or prosthetic limb. Here we introduce a novel BCI task paradigm, intended to help accelerate improvements to BCI systems. Through this task, we can push the performance limits of BCI systems, we can quantify more accurately how well a BCI system captures the user’s intent, and we can increase the richness of the BCI movement repertoire. Approach. We have implemented an instructed path task, wherein the user must drive a cursor along a visible path. The instructed path task provides a versatile framework to increase the difficulty of the task and thereby push the limits of performance. Relative to traditional point-to-point tasks, the instructed path task allows more thorough analysis of decoding performance and greater richness of movement kinematics. Main results. We demonstrate that monkeys are able to perform the instructed path task in a closed-loop BCI setting. We further investigate how the performance under BCI control compares to native arm control, whether users can decrease their movement variability in the face of a more demanding task, and how the kinematic richness is enhanced in this task. Significance. The use of the instructed path task has the potential to accelerate the development of BCI systems and their clinical translation.

Learning Objectives for Shooting Sports Instruction. 554A: Using Measurable Criteria To Evaluate Performance.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Benson, Delwin E.; Manning, Jan

This publication contains objectives that range from basic shooting sports safety and proficiency to more specialized activities. They can be applied to hunter safety education, 4-H shooting sports, scouting, and club or community activities for youth or adults. The specific learning objectives in each list have been grouped into learning…

Effects of Behavioural Objectives-Based Instructional Strategy on Senior School Students' Academic Performance in Mathematics in Omu-Aran, Nigeria

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Salman, M. F.; Yahaya, L. A.; Yusuf, A.; Ahmed, M. A.; Ayinla, J. O.

2012-01-01

This study sought for the effect of the use of behavioural objectives on Senior Secondary students' academic performance in Mathematics in Omu-Aran, Kwara South Senatorial District Area of Kwara State, Nigeria. The target population for the study comprised Senior Secondary Two (SS II) students in Omu-Aran town. Purposive sampling technique was…

Automotive Technology Curriculum Guide.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Idaho State Dept. of Education, Boise. Div. of Vocational Education.

This Idaho state curriculum guide provides lists of tasks, performance objectives, and enabling objectives for instruction in automotive technology. The document begins with a list of all tasks covered by the curriculum, a short course outline, and a curriculum framework that explains major content, laboratory activities, and intended outcomes.…

Generic Skills. Keys to Job Performance.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Smith, Arthur De W.

The generic skills studies in Canada have as their objectives the formulation of generic skills, the identification of their uses for certain occupational groups, and the preparation of specifications for instructional modules in an attempt to provide greater flexibility to workers, employers, and vocational training programs. Another objective of…

Authorized Course of Instruction for the Quinmester Program. Science: Scientific Approach to Solving Problems; Who's Who; and What in the World's Going On.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Dade County Public Schools, Miami, FL.

Performance objectives are stated for each of the three secondary school units included in this package prepared for the Dade County Florida Quinmester Program. The units all concern some aspect of instruction in scientific method. "The Scientific Approach to Solving Problems" introduces students to the use of experimental testing of…

Comparison of traditional advanced cardiac life support (ACLS) course instruction vs. a scenario-based, performance oriented team instruction (SPOTI) method for Korean paramedic students.

PubMed

Lee, Christopher C; Im, Mark; Kim, Tae Min; Stapleton, Edward R; Kim, Kyuseok; Suh, Gil Joon; Singer, Adam J; Henry, Mark C

2010-01-01

Current Advanced Cardiac Life Support (ACLS) course instruction involves a 2-day course with traditional lectures and limited team interaction. We wish to explore the advantages of a scenario-based performance-oriented team instruction (SPOTI) method to implement core ACLS skills for non-English-speaking international paramedic students. The objective of this study was to determine if scenario-based, performance-oriented team instruction (SPOTI) improves educational outcomes for the ACLS instruction of Korean paramedic students. Thirty Korean paramedic students were randomly selected into two groups. One group of 15 students was taught the traditional ACLS course. The other 15 students were instructed using a SPOTI method. Each group was tested using ACLS megacode examinations endorsed by the American Heart Association. All 30 students passed the ACLS megacode examination. In the traditional ACLS study group an average of 85% of the core skills were met. In the SPOTI study group an average of 93% of the core skills were met. In particular, the SPOTI study group excelled at physical examination skills such as airway opening, assessment of breathing, signs of circulation, and compression rates. In addition, the SPOTI group performed with higher marks on rhythm recognition compared to the traditional group. The traditional group performed with higher marks at providing proper drug dosages compared to the SPOTI students. However, the students enrolled in the SPOTI method resulted in higher megacode core compliance scores compared to students trained in traditional ACLS course instruction. These differences did not achieve statistical significance due to the small sample size. Copyright 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Principles of Technology, Units 1-7. Curriculum Guide.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Campbell, Robert, Comp.

This Idaho secondary education curriculum guide provides lists of tasks, performance objectives, and enabling objectives for instruction intended to impart entry-level employment skills in industrial technology. The first list is a general job competencies task profile, followed by a sheet on which teachers can evaluate students' general job…

Lernen Wir Deutsch: Part I, German.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Dade County Public Schools, Miami, FL.

Instructional objectives of the Dade County Public Schools Quinmester Program in German for use with "Lernen Wir Deutsch: Part 1" focus on the development of basic skills through the use of short dialogues and structured exercises. The contents of this guide focus on: (1) course description, (2) broad goals and performance objectives,…

Graphics Design Technology Curriculum Guide.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Idaho State Dept. of Education, Boise. Div. of Vocational Education.

This Idaho secondary education curriculum guide provides lists of tasks, performance objectives, and enabling objectives for instruction intended to impart entry-level employment skills in graphics design technology. The first list states all tasks for 11 areas; separate lists for each area follow. Each task on the lists is accompanied by a…

General Mechanical Trades: A Curriculum Guide. Revised Edition.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Henderson, W. Charles; And Others

The guide contains six sections, each consisting of one or more units of general mechanical trades instruction. The sections cover: safety and tools, measuring and blueprint reading, gas welding, arc welding, small engines, and metal work. Each unit includes performance objectives stated as terminal objectives, indicating the subject matter to be…

Distributive Education: Secondary, Course Outline. Revised 1972.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Washington State Coordinating Council for Occupational Education, Olympia.

The document is a revision of earlier units, updated to include behavioral or performance objectives. Divided into 22 units of instruction, the course outline for distributive education presents suggested length of time for each part of a unit, prerequisites, a description of the part, objectives, sources, outline for the section, activities,…

A Study to Design, Develop, Implement, Evaluate, and Revise Specific, Measurable Performance Objectives to Serve as a Model to Individualize Instruction for Secondary Schools. Final Report.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wendt, Marilynn S.; Jacobson, Marjory E.

Specific objectives of this two-phase study included: (1) assessment of design of the behavioral objectives in all secondary level courses; (2) construction of criteria for evaluation of the design; (3) testing of objectives against the evaluative criteria and/or the specifications of the curriculum design; and (4) determination of the validity of…

The effectiveness of cardiopulmonary resuscitation instruction: animation versus dispatcher through a cellular phone.

PubMed

Choa, Minhong; Park, Incheol; Chung, Hyun Soo; Yoo, Sun K; Shim, Hoshik; Kim, Seungho

2008-04-01

We developed a cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) instruction programme using motion capture animation integrated into cellular phones. We compared the effectiveness of animation-assisted CPR instruction with dispatcher-assisted instruction in participants with no previous CPR training. This study was a single blind cluster randomized trial. Participants were allocated to either animation-assisted CPR (AA-CPR; 8 clusters, 44 participants) group or dispatcher-assisted CPR (DA-CPR; 8 clusters, 41 participants). The overall performance and time of each step of CPR cycle were recorded on a checklist by 3 assessors. The objective performances were evaluated using the Resusci Anne SkillReporter Manikin. Differences between the groups were compared using an independent t-test adjusted for the effect of clustering. The AA-CPR group had a significantly better checklist score (p<0.001) and time to completion of 1 CPR cycle (p<0.001) than the DA-CPR group. In an objective assessment of psychomotor skill, the AA-CPR group demonstrated more accurate hand positioning (68.8+/-3.6%, p=0.033) and compression rate (72.4+/-3.7%, p=0.015) than DA-CPR group. However, the accuracy of compression depth (p=0.400), ventilation volume (p=0.977) and flow rate (p=0.627) were below 30% in both groups. Audiovisual animated CPR instruction through a cellular phone resulted in better scores in checklist assessment and time interval compliance in participants without CPR skill compared to those who received CPR instructions from a dispatcher; however, the accuracy of important psychomotor skill measures was unsatisfactory in both groups.

Authorized Course of Instruction for the Quinmester Program. Science: Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology; Human Reproduction; Man and Disease; Man's Senses; and Introduction to the Human Body.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Dade County Public Schools, Miami, FL.

Performance objectives are stated for each of the five secondary school units included in this package of instructional guides prepared for the Dade County Florida Quinmester Program. All five units are concerned with aspects of physiology; three require no prerequisite study of biology ("Introduction to the Human Body,""Man and…

Laboratory Control for Wastewater Facilities, Wastewater Technology: A Two-Year Post High School Instructional Program. Volume III, Parts A, B, C, D, E, F, G.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wagner, David; And Others

This volume is one in a series which outlines performance objectives and instructional modules for a course of study which explains the relationship and function of the process units in a wastewater treatment plant. Examples of modules include measuring settleable matter, total solids, dissolved solids, suspended solids, and volatile solids. The…

Generalization between canonical and non-canonical views in object recognition

PubMed Central

Ghose, Tandra; Liu, Zili

2013-01-01

Viewpoint generalization in object recognition is the process that allows recognition of a given 3D object from many different viewpoints despite variations in its 2D projections. We used the canonical view effects as a foundation to empirically test the validity of a major theory in object recognition, the view-approximation model (Poggio & Edelman, 1990). This model predicts that generalization should be better when an object is first seen from a non-canonical view and then a canonical view than when seen in the reversed order. We also manipulated object similarity to study the degree to which this view generalization was constrained by shape details and task instructions (object vs. image recognition). Old-new recognition performance for basic and subordinate level objects was measured in separate blocks. We found that for object recognition, view generalization between canonical and non-canonical views was comparable for basic level objects. For subordinate level objects, recognition performance was more accurate from non-canonical to canonical views than the other way around. When the task was changed from object recognition to image recognition, the pattern of the results reversed. Interestingly, participants responded “old” to “new” images of “old” objects with a substantially higher rate than to “new” objects, despite instructions to the contrary, thereby indicating involuntary view generalization. Our empirical findings are incompatible with the prediction of the view-approximation theory, and argue against the hypothesis that views are stored independently. PMID:23283692

Robot Manipulations: A Synergy of Visualization, Computation and Action for Spatial Instruction

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Verner, Igor M.

2004-01-01

This article considers the use of a learning environment, RoboCell, where manipulations of objects are performed by robot operations specified through the learner's application of mathematical and spatial reasoning. A curriculum is proposed relating to robot kinematics and point-to-point motion, rotation of objects, and robotic assembly of spatial…

The Influence of Attentional Focus Instructions and Vision on Jump Height Performance

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Abdollahipour, Reza; Psotta, Rudolf; Land, William M.

2016-01-01

Purpose: Studies have suggested that the use of visual information may underlie the benefit associated with an external focus of attention. Recent studies exploring this connection have primarily relied on motor tasks that involve manipulation of an object (object projection). The present study examined whether vision influences the effect of…

The Instructional Quality Inventory. I. Introduction and Overview

DTIC Science & Technology

1978-11-01

level objectives, "hands-on" performance tests are usually most appropriate. T IS PAQ IS BEST QUA After a test item is consistent with its objective, the...idea. When the statement is separated, the key points stand out, and are not buried in the presentation. There are several ways to accomplish this goal

Objectives over Time: A Look at Four Decades of Objectives in the Educational Research Literature

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Marken, James; Morrison, Gary

2013-01-01

While the concept of objectives is widely used in many applied fields of instruction, the systematic derivation and application of objectives for learning and instruction is a key feature of systematic instructional design. However, the treatment of objectives and the terminology surrounding them is sometimes nebulously employed. This article…

Preparing Instructional Objectives: Agony or Ecstasy?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Roberts, Wesley K.

This paper 1) discusses the problems encountered in preparing objectives for instructional programs; 2) describes an informal research project in which seven instructional designers working on the same project attempted to determine agreement on an objective; and 3) suggests how to prepare objectives so that difficulties can be minimized. One…

Information Technology Improves Emergency Department Patient Discharge Instructions Completeness and Performance on a National Quality Measure

PubMed Central

Bell, E.J.; Takhar, S.S.; Beloff, J.R.; Schuur, J.D.; Landman, A.B.

2013-01-01

Summary Objective To compare the completeness of Emergency Department (ED) discharge instructions before and after introduction of an electronic discharge instructions module by scoring compliance with the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) Outpatient Measure 19 (OP-19). Methods We performed a quasi-experimental study examining the impact of an electronic discharge instructions module in an academic ED. Three hundred patients discharged home from the ED were randomly selected from two time intervals: 150 patients three months before and 150 patients three to five months after implementation of the new electronic module. The discharge instructions for each patient were reviewed, and compliance for each individual OP-19 element as well as overall OP-19 compliance was scored per CMS specifications. Compliance rates as well as risk ratios (RR) and risk differences (RD) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) comparing the overall OP-19 scores and individual OP-19 element scores of the electronic and paper-based discharge instructions were calculated. Results The electronic discharge instructions had 97.3% (146/150) overall OP-19 compliance, while the paper-based discharge instructions had overall compliance of 46.7% (70/150). Electronic discharge instructions were twice as likely to achieve overall OP-19 compliance compared to the paper-based format (RR: 2.09, 95% CI: 1.75 – 2.48). The largest improvement was in documentation of major procedures and tests performed: only 60% of the paper-based discharge instructions satisfied this criterion, compared to 100% of the electronic discharge instructions (RD: 40.0%, 95% CI: 32.2% – 47.8%). There was a modest difference in medication documentation with 92.7% for paper-based and 100% for electronic formats (RD: 7.3%, 95% CI: 3.2% – 11.5%). There were no statistically significant differences in documentation of patient care instructions and diagnosis between paper-based and electronic formats. Conclusion With careful design, information technology can improve the completeness of ED patient discharge instructions and performance on the OP-19 quality measure. PMID:24454578

Liberating Learning Object Design from the Learning Style of Student Instructional Designers

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Akpinar, Yavuz

2007-01-01

Learning objects are a new form of learning resource, and the design of these digital environments has many facets. To investigate senior instructional design students' use of reflection tools in designing learning objects, a series of studies was conducted using the Reflective Action Instructional Design and Learning Object Review Instrument…

The Effects of a Modified Direct Instruction Procedure on Time Telling for a Third Grade Student with Learning Disabilities with a Brief Comparison of Interesting and Boring Formats

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wieber, Adrianne Essex; Evoy, Katie; McLaughlin, T. F.; Derby, K. Mark; Kellogg, Ethyl; Williams, Randy Lee; Peterson, Stephanie Marie; Rinaldi, Lisa

2017-01-01

We designed and implemented a modified eight-week Direct Instruction (DI) program intended to teach a third grade student with learning disabilities to tell time. The first objective was to determine whether or not the appearance (interesting or boring) of the worksheet affected performance. These data suggested the use of large-scale clocks and…

Hands in the air: using ungrounded iconic gestures to teach children conservation of quantity.

PubMed

Ping, Raedy M; Goldin-Meadow, Susan

2008-09-01

Including gesture in instruction facilitates learning. Why? One possibility is that gesture points out objects in the immediate context and thus helps ground the words learners hear in the world they see. Previous work on gesture's role in instruction has used gestures that either point to or trace paths on objects, thus providing support for this hypothesis. The experiments described here investigated the possibility that gesture helps children learn even when it is not produced in relation to an object but is instead produced "in the air." Children were given instruction in Piagetian conservation problems with or without gesture and with or without concrete objects. The results indicate that children given instruction with speech and gesture learned more about conservation than children given instruction with speech alone, whether or not objects were present during instruction. Gesture in instruction can thus help learners learn even when those gestures do not direct attention to visible objects, suggesting that gesture can do more for learners than simply ground arbitrary, symbolic language in the physical, observable world.

Foods and Nutrition. Student Modules and Instructor's Guide.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

South Carolina State Dept. of Education, Columbia. Office of Vocational Education.

These 64 performance-based instructional modules are for the home economics content area of food and nutrition. Each module is composed of an introduction for the student, a performance objective, a variety of learning activities (reading assignments, tasks, written assignments), content information, a student self-check, recommended references,…

The Seductive Details Effect in Technology-Delivered Instruction

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Towler, Annette; Kraiger, Kurt; Sitzmann, Traci; Van Overberghe, Courtney; Cruz, Jaime; Ronen, Eyal; Stewart, David

2008-01-01

Seductive details are highly interesting information tangential to course objectives. The inclusion of seductive details generally harms performance on recall tests, but few studies have used multimedia training or investigated effects on performance on recognition tests or transfer tasks. We conducted two studies using computer-based training,…

Do We Really Need Performance Objectives?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Duenk, Lester G.

Trade and industrial education (T&I) has been using performance-based instructional systems long before competency-based education (CBE) emerged as a creative innovation in other subject areas. Allen devised the forerunner of the present CBE system in 1917 by carefully plotting competencies and delineating job analyses from these, and Fryklund's…

South Carolina Guide for Consumer Education I & II.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

South Carolina State Dept. of Education, Columbia. Office of Occupational Education.

This guide is designed to provide job-relevant tasks, performance objectives, performance guides, resources, teaching activities, and instructional resources for teaching consumer education I and II in South Carolina. It may be used with any teaching method selected by the instructor. Consumer Education I contains four units: demonstrate…

Instructional design in a chemistry laboratory course: The impact of structure and aptitudes on performance and attitudes

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kozma, Robert B.

Elements of instructional design such as explicitly stated objectives, reviews, examples, questions, and feedback were incorporated into the laboratory manual and instruction for a unit on kinetics in a college laboratory course. This treatment (high structure) was given to five sections of students (N = 109), while a laboratory manual and instructions that emphasized informational content without the use of these design strategies (low structure) was given to another five sections (N = 108) taught by the same instructors. The students receiving the additional structure scored significantly higher on a quiz, took less time to solve a set of laboratory problems, and felt more satisfied with the instruction provided. There were no differences between groups in their comfort with the knowledge acquired. There were no interactions with performance outcomes, but several occurred for attitudes, treatments, and personality measures. The more conforming the students, the more satisfied they were with the instruction in the high-structured group and the less they liked it in the low-structured group. The more motivated the students, the more they liked the instruction in the high-structure treatment, and even more in the low-structure group. There was also a complex interaction among treatment, anxiety, ability, and treatment satisfaction.

The Use of Animated Videos to Illustrate Oral Solid Dosage Form Manufacturing in a Pharmaceutics Course.

PubMed

Yellepeddi, Venkata Kashyap; Roberson, Charles

2016-10-25

Objective. To evaluate the impact of animated videos of oral solid dosage form manufacturing as visual instructional aids on pharmacy students' perception and learning. Design. Data were obtained using a validated, paper-based survey instrument designed to evaluate the effectiveness, appeal, and efficiency of the animated videos in a pharmaceutics course offered in spring 2014 and 2015. Basic demographic data were also collected and analyzed. Assessment data at the end of pharmaceutics course was collected for 2013 and compared with assessment data from 2014, and 2015. Assessment. Seventy-six percent of the respondents supported the idea of incorporating animated videos as instructional aids for teaching pharmaceutics. Students' performance on the formative assessment in 2014 and 2015 improved significantly compared to the performance of students in 2013 whose lectures did not include animated videos as instructional aids. Conclusions. Implementing animated videos of oral solid dosage form manufacturing as instructional aids resulted in improved student learning and favorable student perceptions about the instructional approach. Therefore, use of animated videos can be incorporated in pharmaceutics teaching to enhance visual learning.

The Use of Animated Videos to Illustrate Oral Solid Dosage Form Manufacturing in a Pharmaceutics Course

PubMed Central

Roberson, Charles

2016-01-01

Objective. To evaluate the impact of animated videos of oral solid dosage form manufacturing as visual instructional aids on pharmacy students’ perception and learning. Design. Data were obtained using a validated, paper-based survey instrument designed to evaluate the effectiveness, appeal, and efficiency of the animated videos in a pharmaceutics course offered in spring 2014 and 2015. Basic demographic data were also collected and analyzed. Assessment data at the end of pharmaceutics course was collected for 2013 and compared with assessment data from 2014, and 2015. Assessment. Seventy-six percent of the respondents supported the idea of incorporating animated videos as instructional aids for teaching pharmaceutics. Students’ performance on the formative assessment in 2014 and 2015 improved significantly compared to the performance of students in 2013 whose lectures did not include animated videos as instructional aids. Conclusions. Implementing animated videos of oral solid dosage form manufacturing as instructional aids resulted in improved student learning and favorable student perceptions about the instructional approach. Therefore, use of animated videos can be incorporated in pharmaceutics teaching to enhance visual learning. PMID:27899837

Assessment of knowledge and skills in information literacy instruction for rehabilitation sciences students: a scoping review

PubMed Central

Boruff, Jill T.; Harrison, Pamela

2018-01-01

Objective This scoping review investigates how knowledge and skills are assessed in the information literacy (IL) instruction for students in physical therapy, occupational therapy, or speech-language pathology, regardless of whether the instruction was given by a librarian. The objectives were to discover what assessment measures were used, determine whether these assessment methods were tested for reliability and validity, and provide librarians with guidance on assessment methods to use in their instruction in evidence-based practice contexts. Methods A scoping review methodology was used. A systematic search strategy was run in Ovid MEDLINE and adapted for CINAHL; EMBASE; Education Resources Information Center (ERIC) (EBSCO); Library and Information Science Abstracts (LISA); Library, Information Science & Technology Abstracts (LISTA); and Proquest Theses and Dissertations from 1990 to January 16, 2017. Forty articles were included for data extraction. Results Three major themes emerged: types of measures used, type and context of librarian involvement, and skills and outcomes described. Thirty-four measures of attitude and thirty-seven measures of performance were identified. Course products were the most commonly used type of performance measure. Librarians were involved in almost half the studies, most frequently as instructor, but also as author or assessor. Information literacy skills such as question formulation and database searching were described in studies that did not involve a librarian. Conclusion Librarians involved in instructional assessment can use rubrics such as the Valid Assessment of Learning in Undergraduate Education (VALUE) when grading assignments to improve the measurement of knowledge and skills in course-integrated IL instruction. The Adapted Fresno Test could be modified to better suit the real-life application of IL knowledge and skills. PMID:29339931

Science and Pseudoscience: A Course for the Citizen of the Twenty-First Century.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Howes, Ruth; Watson, James, Jr.

1981-01-01

Describes a course for general education students focusing on current topics in science, titled pseudoscience. Includes the course's goals, objectives, problems, instructional methods, and results of student performance. (DS)

You Can Have Your Cake and Eat It Too: A Successful Case of Theory Applied to the Real World.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Rojas, Alicia M.; Mulkey, Jamie

1990-01-01

Describes methods used by instructional designers to help subject matter experts (SMEs) create effective courseware, balanced between theory and practical application, that meets organizational objectives. A case study is presented that explains how to develop student performance objectives (SPOs) through needs assessment, the design of job aids,…

Electric Motors. An Instructional Unit for High School Teachers of Vocational Agriculture.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Dalton, Delmer; Carpenter, Bruce

Designed as a 3-week course of study in the agricultural mechanics curriculum to be taught at the junior or senior high school level, this unit on electric motors is divided into 11 major performance objectives. Each objective is subdivided into the areas of content, suggested teaching and learning activities, resources, and evaluation. Topics for…

Classroom versus Computer-Based CPR Training: A Comparison of the Effectiveness of Two Instructional Methods

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Rehberg, Robb S.; Gazzillo Diaz, Linda; Middlemas, David A.

2009-01-01

Objective: The objective of this study was to determine whether computer-based CPR training is comparable to traditional classroom training. Design and Setting: This study was quantitative in design. Data was gathered from a standardized examination and skill performance evaluation which yielded numerical scores. Subjects: The subjects were 64…

Enabling people with developmental disabilities to actively perform designated occupational activities according to simple instructions with a Nintendo Wii Remote Controller by controlling environmental stimulation.

PubMed

Shih, Ching-Hsiang; Wang, Shu-Hui; Chang, Man-Ling; Shih, Ching-Hsiang

2012-01-01

The latest researches have adopted software technology, turning the Nintendo Wii Remote Controller into a high performance three-dimensional object orientation detector. This study extended Wii Remote Controller functionality to assess whether two people with developmental disabilities would be able to actively perform designated simple occupational activities according to simple instructions by controlling their favorite environmental stimulation using a Nintendo Wii Remote Controller. This study was conducted using ABAB designs. The data showed that both participants significantly increased their target response (performing a designated occupational activity) by activating the control system to produce their preferred environmental stimulation during the intervention phases. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Proceedings of the Annual Conference of the Military Testing Association (22nd) held in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, 27-31 October 1980. Volume 2.

DTIC Science & Technology

1980-12-01

instructional skills and tasks viewed in greater accord with student learning and retention performance objectives, their instruction has gained added...research reports to evaluate higher levels of cognitive learning and communications abilities . However, the primary interest of this paper is the use of...would gain freedom of expression in answering items. c. Students could better demonstrate higher levels of cognitive learning . d. Students could

Using Gagne's theory to teach chest X-ray interpretation.

PubMed

Belfield, Jane

2010-03-01

as a Radiologist providing teaching for medical students and junior doctors, I have spent time devising lesson plans. It is vital to know the aims and objectives prior to teaching sessions in order that the students benefit as much as possible. This article describes a lesson plan for interpretation of a chest X-Ray using a theory described by Robert Gagne. Gagne developed a model of instructional design, which provides information and interaction to enhance the learning process. This model is based on nine instructional events used during a teaching session. These are: gaining attention, informing the learner of the objective, stimulating recall of prior material, presenting the stimulus material, providing learning guidance, eliciting the performance, providing feedback, assessing the performance and enhancing retention and transfer. this article uses the nine points described by Gagne and describes a model of how to teach chest X-ray interpretation. Each of Gagne's points is illustrated with a specific example of how this would fit into the Radiology teaching session. Gagne's theory of instructional design can be adapted depending on the subject being taught. It is useful, both for the teacher and the student, to prepare a lesson plan in advance with knowledge of required aims and objectives. Having run teaching sessions which use Gagne's theory, students have given very positive feedback and as a teacher I found the lesson ran more smoothly. Blackwell Publishing Ltd 2010.

Unaligned instruction relocation

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Bertolli, Carlo; O'Brien, John K.; Sallenave, Olivier H.

In one embodiment, a computer-implemented method includes receiving source code to be compiled into an executable file for an unaligned instruction set architecture (ISA). Aligned assembled code is generated, by a computer processor. The aligned assembled code complies with an aligned ISA and includes aligned processor code for a processor and aligned accelerator code for an accelerator. A first linking pass is performed on the aligned assembled code, including relocating a first relocation target in the aligned accelerator code that refers to a first object outside the aligned accelerator code. Unaligned assembled code is generated in accordance with the unalignedmore » ISA and includes unaligned accelerator code for the accelerator and unaligned processor code for the processor. A second linking pass is performed on the unaligned assembled code, including relocating a second relocation target outside the unaligned accelerator code that refers to an object in the unaligned accelerator code.« less

The Mesa Arizona Pupil Tracking System

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Wright, D. L.

1973-01-01

A computer-based Pupil Tracking/Teacher Monitoring System was designed for Mesa Public Schools, Mesa, Arizona. The established objectives of the system were to: (1) facilitate the economical collection and storage of student performance data necessary to objectively evaluate the relative effectiveness of teachers, instructional methods, materials, and applied concepts; and (2) identify, on a daily basis, those students requiring special attention in specific subject areas. The system encompasses computer hardware/software and integrated curricula progression/administration devices. It provides daily evaluation and monitoring of performance as students progress at class or individualized rates. In the process, it notifies the student and collects information necessary to validate or invalidate subject presentation devices, methods, materials, and measurement devices in terms of direct benefit to the students. The system utilizes a small-scale computer (e.g., IBM 1130) to assure low-cost replicability, and may be used for many subjects of instruction.

Unaligned instruction relocation

DOEpatents

Bertolli, Carlo; O'Brien, John K.; Sallenave, Olivier H.; Sura, Zehra N.

2018-01-23

In one embodiment, a computer-implemented method includes receiving source code to be compiled into an executable file for an unaligned instruction set architecture (ISA). Aligned assembled code is generated, by a computer processor. The aligned assembled code complies with an aligned ISA and includes aligned processor code for a processor and aligned accelerator code for an accelerator. A first linking pass is performed on the aligned assembled code, including relocating a first relocation target in the aligned accelerator code that refers to a first object outside the aligned accelerator code. Unaligned assembled code is generated in accordance with the unaligned ISA and includes unaligned accelerator code for the accelerator and unaligned processor code for the processor. A second linking pass is performed on the unaligned assembled code, including relocating a second relocation target outside the unaligned accelerator code that refers to an object in the unaligned accelerator code.

Task-set inertia and memory-consolidation bottleneck in dual tasks.

PubMed

Koch, Iring; Rumiati, Raffaella I

2006-11-01

Three dual-task experiments examined the influence of processing a briefly presented visual object for deferred verbal report on performance in an unrelated auditory-manual reaction time (RT) task. RT was increased at short stimulus-onset asynchronies (SOAs) relative to long SOAs, showing that memory consolidation processes can produce a functional processing bottleneck in dual-task performance. In addition, the experiments manipulated the spatial compatibility of the orientation of the visual object and the side of the speeded manual response. This cross-task compatibility produced relative RT benefits only when the instruction for the visual task emphasized overlap at the level of response codes across the task sets (Experiment 1). However, once the effective task set was in place, it continued to produce cross-task compatibility effects even in single-task situations ("ignore" trials in Experiment 2) and when instructions for the visual task did not explicitly require spatial coding of object orientation (Experiment 3). Taken together, the data suggest a considerable degree of task-set inertia in dual-task performance, which is also reinforced by finding costs of switching task sequences (e.g., AC --> BC vs. BC --> BC) in Experiment 3.

Assurance Policy Evaluation - Spacecraft and Strategic Systems

DTIC Science & Technology

2014-09-17

electromechanical (EEE) parts, software, design and workmanship, work instructions, manufacturing and tooling, cleanrooms, electrostatic discharge ...T9001B.  An external group, called the Evaluation and Assessment Team, made up of product assurance subject matter experts from NSWC Corona performs...NSWC, Corona and SSP Technical Branch(es). The FTPE, performed every 3 years, is an objective evaluation of facility performance to assure proper

Enabling People with Developmental Disabilities to Actively Perform Designated Occupational Activities according to Simple Instructions with a Nintendo Wii Remote Controller by Controlling Environmental Stimulation

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Shih, Ching-Hsiang; Wang, Shu-Hui; Chang, Man-Ling; Shih, Ching-Hsiang

2012-01-01

The latest researches have adopted software technology, turning the Nintendo Wii Remote Controller into a high performance three-dimensional object orientation detector. This study extended Wii Remote Controller functionality to assess whether two people with developmental disabilities would be able to actively perform designated simple…

Possible Content Areas for Implementation of the Basic Life Functions Instructional Program Model.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wisconsin State Dept. of Public Instruction, Madison. Div. for Handicapped Children.

Identified are curricular items intended to develop skills pertinent to the 12 broad instructional objectives of the Basic Life Functions Instructional Program Model, a program for trainable mentally retarded children. The 12 instructional objectives are: communicating ideas, self-understanding, interacting with others, traveling, adapting to and…

Strategies for improving the quality of verbal patient and family education: a review of the literature and creation of the EDUCATE model

PubMed Central

Marcus, Cara

2014-01-01

Objective: Patient and family education includes print, audio-visual methods, demonstration, and verbal instruction. Our objective was to study verbal instruction as a component of patient and family education and make recommendations for best practices for healthcare providers who use this method. Methods: We conducted a literature review of articles from 1990 to 2014 about verbal education and collaborated on departmental presentations to determine best practices. A survey was sent to all nursing staff to determine perceptions of verbal education and barriers to learning. Results: Through our work, we were able to identify verbal education models, best practices, and needs. We then constructed the EDUCATE model of verbal education, which built upon our findings. Conclusion: Verbal education of patients and family members requires a multidisciplinary approach that takes into account learning styles, literacy, and culture to apply clear communication and methods for the assessment of learning. Providers need the skills, time, and training to effectively perform patient and family verbal education every time they care for patients. Further research needs to be performed on how to test, document, and quantify patients' comprehension and retention of verbal instructions. PMID:25750796

Constructing Wood Agricultural Buildings. An Instructional Unit for High School Teachers of Vocational Agriculture.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Williams, Paul; Carpenter, Bruce

This 5-week unit on constructing wood agricultural buildings is designed for the junior or senior year of the regular agribusiness course of study or as part of the agricultural mechanics program. In outline form, the unit is divided into eight major performance objectives. Each objective is subdivided into the areas of content, suggested…

The equivalence of learning paths in early science instruction: effect of direct instruction and discovery learning.

PubMed

Klahr, David; Nigam, Milena

2004-10-01

In a study with 112 third- and fourth-grade children, we measured the relative effectiveness of discovery learning and direct instruction at two points in the learning process: (a) during the initial acquisition of the basic cognitive objective (a procedure for designing and interpreting simple, unconfounded experiments) and (b) during the subsequent transfer and application of this basic skill to more diffuse and authentic reasoning associated with the evaluation of science-fair posters. We found not only that many more children learned from direct instruction than from discovery learning, but also that when asked to make broader, richer scientific judgments, the many children who learned about experimental design from direct instruction performed as well as those few children who discovered the method on their own. These results challenge predictions derived from the presumed superiority of discovery approaches in teaching young children basic procedures for early scientific investigations.

Interservice Procedures for Instructional Systems Development. Phase 3. Develop

DTIC Science & Technology

1975-08-01

Occur at wide intervals to be learned *Reads about the actions to *Occur at the end, but before be learned tests or on-the-job performance *Watches a...the particular sub-category. Use the learning objective action statement, conditions, standards, and the test item to help select which guidelines to...objective. EXAMPLE If you have a CLASSIFYING objective like "identifying poisonous plants,’ when you get to guideline 16. "To test learning, require the

Teachers' Guide for Aviation Education for Use in Grades Two through Six.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Aviation/Space, 1979

1979-01-01

This teacher's guide provides supplementary activities in aviation designed for students in grades 2-6. The activities stress communication arts, science, and social studies. The guide contains performance objectives, instructional procedures, student activities, and outcomes. (MA)

Gardening and Groundskeeping: A Series of Learning Activity Packages. Volume I: Learning Activity Packages 1-42.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

South Carolina State Dept. of Education, Columbia. Agricultural Education Section.

These forty-two learning activity packages, intended for student use, are based on a catalog of performance objectives, criterion-referenced measures, and performance guides for gardening-groundskeeping developed by the Vocational Education Consortium of States (V-TECS). They are organized by four areas of instruction: Organizing and Planning…

Articulated, Performance-Based Instruction Objectives Guide for Masonry (Bricklaying). Developing Period, July, 1983--June, 1984. Edition I.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Henderson, Wm. Edward, Jr., Ed.

This curriculum guide is designed to assist vocational educators in presenting an articulated, performance-based course in masonry and bricklaying. Addressed in the individual units of the course are the following topics: safety, leadership, job communications, career preparation, desirable learning and work habits and attitudes, basic math…

Articulated, Performance-Based Instruction Objectives Guide for Electricity/Industrial Electricity. Development Period, July, 1983--June, 1984. Edition I.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Henderson, Wm. Edward, Jr., Ed.

This curriculum guide is designed to assist vocational educators in presenting an articulated, performance-based course in electricity and industrial electricity. Addressed in the individual units of the course (included in 11 modules) are the following topics: safety, leadership, communication skills, career preparation, good work habits and…

Item Specifications, Science Grade 8. Blue Prints for Testing Minimum Performance Test.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Arkansas State Dept. of Education, Little Rock.

These item specifications were developed as a part of the Arkansas "Minimum Performance Testing Program" (MPT). There is one item specification for each instructional objective included in the MPT. The purpose of an item specification is to provide an overview of the general content and format of test items used to measure an…

Item Specifications, Science Grade 6. Blue Prints for Testing Minimum Performance Test.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Arkansas State Dept. of Education, Little Rock.

These item specifications were developed as a part of the Arkansas "Minimum Performance Testing Program" (MPT). There is one item specification for each instructional objective included in the MPT. The purpose of an item specification is to provide an overview of the general content and format of test items used to measure an…

Student Performance Data in the Classroom: Measurement and Evaluation of Student Progress.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Cooke, Nancy L.; And Others

1991-01-01

This survey of 510 special education teachers found that most teachers collect, record, and use data on student performance to determine instructional effectiveness, appropriate time to move students to the next skill, and which objectives have been met. Only one-third of teachers used graphs for displaying and interpreting data. (Author/JDD)

Enhancing Interactivity and Productivity through Object-Oriented Authoring: An Instructional Designer's Perspective.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Chapman, Bryan L.

1994-01-01

Discusses the effect of object-oriented programming on the evolution of authoring systems. Topics include the definition of an object; examples of object-oriented authoring interfaces; what object-orientation means to an instructional developer; how object orientation increases productivity and enhances interactivity; and the future of courseware…

THE ANALYSIS OF INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVES. DRAFT.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

GAGNE, ROBERT M.

THIS PAPER DISCUSSES AIMS, EFFECTS, AND IMPLICATIONS OF SPECIFYING OBJECTIVES FOR PROGRAMED INSTRUCTION, AND CITES EXAMPLES FROM THE LITERATURE. THE PAPER WAS READ AS A PORTION OF THE SYMPOSIUM ON PROGRAMMED INSTRUCTION, NATIONAL EDUCATION ASSOCIATION, WASHINGTON, D.C., MARCH 24-26, 1963. (LH)

Exploring the Amount and Type of Writing Instruction during Language Arts Instruction in Kindergarten Classrooms

PubMed Central

Puranik, Cynthia S.; Al Otaiba, Stephanie; Sidler, Jessica Folsom; Greulich, Luana

2014-01-01

The objective of this exploratory investigation was to examine the nature of writing instruction in kindergarten classrooms and to describe student writing outcomes at the end of the school year. Participants for this study included 21 teachers and 238 kindergarten children from nine schools. Classroom teachers were videotaped once each in the fall and winter during the 90 minute instructional block for reading and language arts to examine time allocation and the types of writing instructional practices taking place in the kindergarten classrooms. Classroom observation of writing was divided into student-practice variables (activities in which students were observed practicing writing or writing independently) and teacher-instruction variables (activities in which the teacher was observed providing direct writing instruction). In addition, participants completed handwriting fluency, spelling, and writing tasks. Large variability was observed in the amount of writing instruction occurring in the classroom, the amount of time kindergarten teachers spent on writing and in the amount of time students spent writing. Marked variability was also observed in classroom practices both within and across schools and this fact was reflected in the large variability noted in kindergartners’ writing performance. PMID:24578591

Exploring the Amount and Type of Writing Instruction during Language Arts Instruction in Kindergarten Classrooms.

PubMed

Puranik, Cynthia S; Al Otaiba, Stephanie; Sidler, Jessica Folsom; Greulich, Luana

2014-02-01

The objective of this exploratory investigation was to examine the nature of writing instruction in kindergarten classrooms and to describe student writing outcomes at the end of the school year. Participants for this study included 21 teachers and 238 kindergarten children from nine schools. Classroom teachers were videotaped once each in the fall and winter during the 90 minute instructional block for reading and language arts to examine time allocation and the types of writing instructional practices taking place in the kindergarten classrooms. Classroom observation of writing was divided into student-practice variables (activities in which students were observed practicing writing or writing independently) and teacher-instruction variables (activities in which the teacher was observed providing direct writing instruction). In addition, participants completed handwriting fluency, spelling, and writing tasks. Large variability was observed in the amount of writing instruction occurring in the classroom, the amount of time kindergarten teachers spent on writing and in the amount of time students spent writing. Marked variability was also observed in classroom practices both within and across schools and this fact was reflected in the large variability noted in kindergartners' writing performance.

Evaluation as a Political Endeavor.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Clements, Millard

The politics of the behavioral modification approach to educational evaluation are examined in this position paper. In recent years the science of behavior modification has become an established political doctrine in professional education. Behavioral objectives, behavior change, performance criteria, and competency-based instruction are just a…

Basic Facialist. Teacher Edition. Cosmetology Series.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Rogers, Jeanette A.

This Oklahoma curriculum guide contains six units. Each instructional unit includes some or all of these basic components: performance objectives; suggested activities for the teacher; pretest; handouts; information sheets; transparency masters; assignment sheets; job sheets; practical tests; written tests; and answers to pretest, assignment…

Competency-Based Preservice Construction Trades Curriculum.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Illinois State Office of Education, Springfield. Div. of Adult Vocational and Technical Education.

This curriculum guide consists of a comprehensive list of competency-based performance objectives dealing with selected skill and knowledge competencies considered basic to the preparation of teacher-educators in residential building construction. Thirteen units of instruction subclassified into forty-one teaching sections are included with…

Introduction to Agricultural Sales and Service. Teacher Edition.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kauer, Les

This Oklahoma curriculum guide contains 12 units. Each instructional unit includes some or all of these components: performance objectives, suggested activities, basic academic skills taxonomy, handouts, information sheets, supplements, transparency masters, activity sheets, assignment sheets, assignment sheet answers, job sheets, practical tests,…

Competency-Based Recordkeeping. Bulletin 1781.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Nicholls State Univ., Thibodaux, LA.

This model instructional unit was developed to aid business teachers in Louisiana to prepare students in grades 10-12 for business and office employment, further educational experiences, and responsible consumer activity. It provides guidance on model performance objectives, current technology content, sources, and supplemental materials.…

Detecting Target Objects by Natural Language Instructions Using an RGB-D Camera

PubMed Central

Bao, Jiatong; Jia, Yunyi; Cheng, Yu; Tang, Hongru; Xi, Ning

2016-01-01

Controlling robots by natural language (NL) is increasingly attracting attention for its versatility, convenience and no need of extensive training for users. Grounding is a crucial challenge of this problem to enable robots to understand NL instructions from humans. This paper mainly explores the object grounding problem and concretely studies how to detect target objects by the NL instructions using an RGB-D camera in robotic manipulation applications. In particular, a simple yet robust vision algorithm is applied to segment objects of interest. With the metric information of all segmented objects, the object attributes and relations between objects are further extracted. The NL instructions that incorporate multiple cues for object specifications are parsed into domain-specific annotations. The annotations from NL and extracted information from the RGB-D camera are matched in a computational state estimation framework to search all possible object grounding states. The final grounding is accomplished by selecting the states which have the maximum probabilities. An RGB-D scene dataset associated with different groups of NL instructions based on different cognition levels of the robot are collected. Quantitative evaluations on the dataset illustrate the advantages of the proposed method. The experiments of NL controlled object manipulation and NL-based task programming using a mobile manipulator show its effectiveness and practicability in robotic applications. PMID:27983604

Development of online use of theory of mind during adolescence: An eye-tracking study.

PubMed

Symeonidou, Irene; Dumontheil, Iroise; Chow, Wing-Yee; Breheny, Richard

2016-09-01

We investigated the development of theory of mind use through eye-tracking in children (9-13years old, n=14), adolescents (14-17.9years old, n=28), and adults (19-29years old, n=23). Participants performed a computerized task in which a director instructed them to move objects placed on a set of shelves. Some of the objects were blocked off from the director's point of view; therefore, participants needed to take into consideration the director's ignorance of these objects when following the director's instructions. In a control condition, participants performed the same task in the absence of the director and were told that the instructions would refer only to items in slots without a back panel, controlling for general cognitive demands of the task. Participants also performed two inhibitory control tasks. We replicated previous findings, namely that in the director-present condition, but not in the control condition, children and adolescents made more errors than adults, suggesting that theory of mind use improves between adolescence and adulthood. Inhibitory control partly accounted for errors on the director task, indicating that it is a factor of developmental change in perspective taking. Eye-tracking data revealed early eye gaze differences between trials where the director's perspective was taken into account and those where it was not. Once differences in accuracy rates were considered, all age groups engaged in the same kind of online processing during perspective taking but differed in how often they engaged in perspective taking. When perspective is correctly taken, all age groups' gaze data point to an early influence of perspective information. Copyright © 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Learning Objects and Gerontology

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Weinreich, Donna M.; Tompkins, Catherine J.

2006-01-01

Virtual AGE (vAGE) is an asynchronous educational environment that utilizes learning objects focused on gerontology and a learning anytime/anywhere philosophy. This paper discusses the benefits of asynchronous instruction and the process of creating learning objects. Learning objects are "small, reusable chunks of instructional media" Wiley…

Continuum of Medical Education in Obstetrics and Gynecology.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Dohner, Charles W.; Hunter, Charles A., Jr.

1980-01-01

Over the past eight years the obstetric and gynecology specialty has applied a system model of instructional planning to the continuum of medical education. The systems model of needs identification, preassessment, instructional objectives, instructional materials, learning experiences; and evaluation techniques directly related to objectives was…

North Carolina Articulated Instructional Objectives Guide for Executive Secretary/Business Education (State Pilot Model).

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

North Carolina State Dept. of Community Colleges, Raleigh.

This articulation instructional objective guide for executive secretary/business education contains summary information on sixteen blocks (courses) of instruction. They are the following: introduction to business, business mathematics, personal development, typing--beginning, records management, business machine--calculating, business…

The Teaching of Cancer Medicine by Educational Objectives.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bakemeier, Richard F.; Myers, W. P. Laird

1984-01-01

Results of a survey of cancer education activities in 101 medical schools are discussed, including the needs for multidisciplinary instruction, more exposure of students to patients with common malignancies, and more uniform instruction in fundamental diagnostic procedures. An instructional approach relating educational objectives to departmental…

Instruction Design System of Allama Iqbal Open University: A Vehicle for Improvement or Mere a Salogon

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ashfaq, Muhammad; Chaudry, Muhammad Ajmal; Iqbal, Muhammad Javed

2016-01-01

The main objective of this study was to ensure instructional quality, effectiveness, efficiency and enjoyment. Instructional design maximizes the value of the instructions for the learners. Instructional design include identifying instructional out-comes, developing instructional contents and established how instructional effectiveness will be…

Develop Student Performance Objectives. Second Edition. Module B-2 of Category B--Instructional Planning. Professional Teacher Education Module Series.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ohio State Univ., Columbus. National Center for Research in Vocational Education.

This module is one of a series of 127 performance-based teacher education (PBTE) learning packages focusing upon specific professional competencies of vocational teachers. The competencies upon which these modules are based were identified and verified through research as being important to successful vocational teaching at both the secondary and…

Articulated, Performance-Based Instruction Objectives Guide for Auto Body Repair. Development Period, July, 1983--June, 1984. Edition I.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Henderson, Wm. Edward, Jr., Ed.

This curriculum guide is designed to assist vocational educators in presenting an articulated, performance-based course in auto body repair. Addressed in the individual units of the course (included in 14 modules) are the following topics: safety; leadership and job communication; career preparation; shielded metal arc welding; gas metal arc…

The Effect of 7E Learning Model on Conceptual Understandings of Prospective Science Teachers on "de Broglie Matter Waves" Subject

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gorecek Baybars, Meryem; Kucukozer, Huseyin

2018-01-01

The object of this study is to determine the conceptual understanding that prospective Science teachers have relating "de Broglie: Matter waves" and to investigate the effect of the instruction performed, on the conceptual understanding. This study was performed at a state university located in the western part of Turkey, with the…

Cost of Federal Research Performed by the Universities: A Call for Equity. NACUBO Professional File Volume 9, Number 4.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Binkley, Max A.

Encouraged by the Federal government, institutions of higher education have entered into agreements with the government to perform basic research in the national interest that also conforms to institutional objectives. For a number of leading institutions, the research mission has become a major function alongside instruction and has provided a…

Outcomes from building system courseware for teaching and testing in a discipline-based human structure curriculum.

PubMed

Reilly, Frank D

2011-01-01

This study investigated the educational benefits of system-based lecture notes and interactive learning objects in a peripheral nervous system component of a traditional first-year medical school human anatomy course. The impetus for the investigation was anecdotal evidence suggesting enhanced learner satisfaction with the learning resources. Retrospective review of existing data from 2006 to 2009 was undertaken to quantify (1) the effects of Web-based system courseware on examination item performance, and (2) differences among learner opinions regarding the benefit level of the five different types of interactive learning objects as evaluated by instructional design questionnaires. Interactive patient-based case studies (IPCS) and review games (Games), simulated interactive patients (SIP), flashcards, and unit quizzes (Quizzes) developed in-house have been peer-reviewed and published in MedEdPORTAL. Statistics included one-way analysis of variance, Tukey's post hoc test, and power meta-analysis (d). Examination item analysis scores remained significantly higher (P ≤ 0.05; d = 0.3938) for learners receiving the instructional treatment incorporating system-based lecture notes and interactive learning objects than for those not receiving this treatment. Using questionnaires with a five-point Likert scale, students reported favorably on the benefit level of all learning objects. They rated the SIP and IPCS significantly higher (P ≤0.05) and games significantly lower (P ≤ 0.05) than in previous years, indicating a change in learner preferences. This study reaffirms that online system-based instructional techniques improve student examination performance and overall student satisfaction. Learners indicated stronger preferences for SIP and IPCS over exercises encouraging passive memorization of anatomical content. Copyright © 2011 American Association of Anatomists.

Music: Chorus, Junior.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Owen, Joan; And Others

A music course of instruction in junior chorus, to develop students' performance skills individually and in ensemble, is described. A prerequisite for pupils is the ability to read music. Outlined are: the course description; enrollment guidelines; study objectives; course content; procedures; resources for pupils and teachers; and the assessment.…

Physical Chemistry, Science (Experimental): 5318.60.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Mary, Charlotta B.; Feuer, Jerold

Performance objectives are stated for this secondary school instructional unit concerned with aspects of physical chemistry, involving the physical properties of matter, and laws and theories regarding chemical interaction. Lists of films and state-adopted and other texts are presented. Included are enrollment guidelines; an outline summarizing…

Improving School Bus Driver Performance.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Farmer, Ernest

This reference source is intended to assist the school bus driver training instructor in course preparation. Instructional units for program planning each contain pertinent course questions, a summary, and evaluation questions. Unit 1, "Introduction to the School Bus Driver Training Program," focuses on basic course objectives and…

California Guide to Traffic Safety Education.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

California State Dept. of Education, Sacramento.

The guide proposes an elementary through high school program encompassing many aspects of traffic safety. Chapter 1 presents definitions, instructional goals, behavioral objectives, and K-6 traffic safety concepts coupled with student performance indicators. Various elements of program administration are covered in Chapter 2. Chapter 3 includes…

Electric Calculators; Business Education: 7718.06.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

McShane, Jane

The course was developed to instruct students in the use of mechanical and/or electronic printing calculators, electronic display calculators, and rotary calculators to solve special business problems with occupational proficiency. Included in the document are a list of performance objectives, a course content outline, suggested learning…

South Carolina Guide for Introduction to Marketing.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Vaughan, Ellen C.; Elliott, Ronald T.

This introduction to marketing guide addresses the three domains of learning: psychomotor, cognitive, and affective. The guide contains suggestions for specific classroom activities for each domain. Each unit or task in this guide contains a competency statement followed by performance objectives, job-relevant instructional activities,…

Welding IV.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Allegheny County Community Coll., Pittsburgh, PA.

Instructional objectives and performance requirements are outlined in this course guide for Welding IV, a competency-based course in advanced arc welding offered at the Community College of Allegheny County to provide students with proficiency in: (1) single vee groove welding using code specifications established by the American Welding Society…

A Theoretical and Empirical Comparison of Three Approaches to Achievement Testing.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Haladyna, Tom; Roid, Gale

Three approaches to the construction of achievement tests are compared: construct, operational, and empirical. The construct approach is based upon classical test theory and measures an abstract representation of the instructional objectives. The operational approach specifies instructional intent through instructional objectives, facet design,…

Program of Studies. Instructional Goals and Objectives: Art.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

West Virginia State Dept. of Education, Charleston.

Instructional goals and sample instructional objectives for art education in West Virginia's public schools are outlined. A comprehensive arts education program is basic to the general education of every child. Two guiding principles directed the programs' design. First, each student should have opportunities to acquire skills in the four…

Instructional Objectives, Learner Personality and Prediction of Academic Achievement.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kelley, Russell Victor, Jr.

This study investigated three questions: the relationship between the use of stated instructional objectives and achievement in audio-tutorial (A-T) instruction, the relationship of learner personality and achievement under conditions of A-T, as well as determining the power of selected batteries of intellective and personality variables to…

Electronics 7-12 [Instructional Objectives Exchange].

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

California Univ., Los Angeles. Center for the Study of Evaluation.

Included are instructional objectives which can be considered for use in a classroom or laboratory. The objectives are followed by measurement items meant to test if a certain objective is accomplished. Means for judging the adequacy of student responses are given. The areas of electronics included in this publication are: Fundamentals, Block…

Learning Experience as Transaction: A Framework for Instructional Design

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Parrish, Patrick E.; Wilson, Brent G.; Dunlap, Joanna C.

2011-01-01

This article presents a framework for understanding learning experience as an object for instructional design--as an object for design as well as research and understanding. Compared to traditional behavioral objectives or discrete cognitive skills, the object of experience is more holistic, requiring simultaneous attention to cognition, behavior,…

Media Objectives for Teachers.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Arrasjid, Harun, Ed.; Arrasjid, Dorine, Ed.

The purpose of this book is to provide a compendium of instructional objectives concerning instructional media and materials. It is useful for either teacher training programs or college level media courses. Each objective is stated behaviorally, such as "list the important features of a tape recorder." Objectives are arranged by medium. The media…

Comprehensive Small Engine Repair.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hires, Bill; And Others

This curriculum guide contains the basic information needed to repair all two- and four-stroke cycle engines. The curriculum covers four areas, each consisting of one or more units of instruction that include performance objectives, suggested activities for teacher and students, information sheets, assignment sheets, job sheets, visual aids,…

Vocational Agriculture I.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Patton, Bob; Harp, Keith

These course materials are designed to provide a foundation of basic knowledge in production agriculture as a prelude to further education in vocational agriculture. The guide contains 6 sections and 22 units of instruction. Each unit includes all or most of eight basic components: performance objectives, suggested activities for the teacher,…

Business Law: Task Analyses. Competency-Based Education.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Henrico County Public Schools, Glen Allen, VA. Virginia Vocational Curriculum Center.

This task analysis guide is intended to help teachers and administrators develop instructional materials and implement competency-based education for a course in business law. Section 1 contains a validated task inventory for business law. For each task, applicable information pertaining to performance and enabling objectives, criterion-referenced…

AIBS Education Review, Vol. 2, No. 4.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Creager, Joan G., Ed.

This issue contains articles on experiences gained in the construction of terminal performance objectives for introductory biology courses, the impact of audiotutorial instruction on faculty load and departmental operating levels, an experiment designed to improve the teaching of biology in large enrollment introductory courses, a minicourse on…

Using real-time ultrasound imaging as adjunct teaching tools to enhance physical therapist students' ability and confidence to perform traction of the knee joint.

PubMed

Markowski, Alycia; Watkins, Maureen K; Burnett, Todd; Ho, Melissa; Ling, Michael

2018-04-01

Often, physical therapy students struggle with the skill and the confidence to perform manual techniques for musculoskeletal examination. Current teaching methods lack concurrent objective feedback. Real-time ultrasound imaging (RTUI) has the advantage of generating visualization of anatomical structures in real-time in an efficient and safe manner. We hypothesize that the use of RTUI to augment teaching with concurrent objective visual feedback will result in students' improved ability to create a change in joint space when performing a manual knee traction and higher confidence scores. Eighty-six students were randomly allocated to a control or an experimental group. All participants received baseline instructions on how to perform knee traction. The control group received standardized lab instruction (visual, video, and instructor/partner feedback). The experimental group received standardized lab instruction augmented with RTUI feedback. Pre-data and post-data collection consisted of measuring participants' ability to create changes in joint space when performing knee traction, a confidence survey evaluating perceived ability and a reflection paper. Joint space changes between groups were compared using a paired t-test. Surveys were analyzed with descriptive statistics and compared using Wilcoxon Rank Sum and for the reflection papers, themes were identified and descriptive statistics reported. Although there were no statistically significant differences between the control and the experimental group, overall scores improved. Qualitative data suggests students found the use of ultrasound imaging beneficial and would like more exposure. This novel approach to teaching knee traction with RTUI has potential and may be a basis for further studies. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Design of Computer-aided Instruction for Radiology Interpretation: The Role of Cognitive Task Analysis

PubMed Central

Pusic, Martin V.; LeBlanc, Vicki; Patel, Vimla L.

2001-01-01

Traditional task analysis for instructional design has emphasized the importance of precisely defining behavioral educational objectives and working back to select objective-appropriate instructional strategies. However, this approach may miss effective strategies. Cognitive task analysis, on the other hand, breaks a process down into its component knowledge representations. Selection of instructional strategies based on all such representations in a domain is likely to lead to optimal instructional design. In this demonstration, using the interpretation of cervical spine x-rays as an educational example, we show how a detailed cognitive task analysis can guide the development of computer-aided instruction.

The nature of instructional effects in color constancy.

PubMed

Radonjić, Ana; Brainard, David H

2016-06-01

The instructions subjects receive can have a large effect on experimentally measured color constancy, but the nature of these effects and how their existence should inform our understanding of color perception remains unclear. We used a factorial design to measure how instructional effects on constancy vary with experimental task and stimulus set. In each of 2 experiments, we employed both a classic adjustment-based asymmetric matching task and a novel color selection task. Four groups of naive subjects were instructed to make adjustments/selections based on (a) color (neutral instructions); (b) the light reaching the eye (physical spectrum instructions); (c) the actual surface reflectance of an object (objective reflectance instructions); or (d) the apparent surface reflectance of an object (apparent reflectance instructions). Across the 2 experiments we varied the naturalness of the stimuli. We find clear interactions between instructions, task, and stimuli. With simplified stimuli (Experiment 1), instructional effects were large and the data revealed 2 instruction-dependent patterns. In 1 (neutral and physical spectrum instructions) constancy was low, intersubject variability was also low, and adjustment-based and selection-based constancy were in agreement. In the other (reflectance instructions) constancy was high, intersubject variability was large, adjustment-based constancy deviated from selection-based constancy and for some subjects selection-based constancy increased across sessions. Similar patterns held for naturalistic stimuli (Experiment 2), although instructional effects were smaller. We interpret these 2 patterns as signatures of distinct task strategies-1 is perceptual, with judgments based primarily on the perceptual representation of color; the other involves explicit instruction-driven reasoning. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved).

An Appraisal of Some Energy Films.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Dowling, John

1979-01-01

Discusses problems of achieving balance and objectivity in dealing with the energy crisis, and describes ten instructional films that might be useful in achieving objective, unbiased instruction. (CMV)

Drilling Machines: Vocational Machine Shop.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Thomas, John C.

The lessons and supportive information in this field tested instructional block provide a guide for teachers in developing a machine shop course of study in drilling. The document is comprised of operation sheets, information sheets, and transparency masters for 23 lessons. Each lesson plan includes a performance objective, material and tools,…

46 CFR 11.309 - Coast Guard-accepted training other than approved courses.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... training or providing instruction; (iv) The identification of other media or facilities to be used in... objectives. (4) Neither a specialist in a particular field of nonmaritime education, such as mathematics or... practice in performing required skills. (7) A process for routinely assessing the effectiveness of the...

Energy: Machines, Science (Experimental): 5311.03.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Castaldi, June P.

This unit of instruction was designed as an introductory course in energy involving six simple machines, electricity, magnetism, and motion. The booklet lists the relevant state-adopted texts and states the performance objectives for the unit. It provides an outline of the course content and suggests experiments, demonstrations, field trips, and…

Badminton Instruction for Students in Grades 7-12.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Nebraska State Dept. of Education, Lincoln.

This booklet describes: 1) athletic facilities and equipment needed for badminton, 2) teaching objectives, 3) performance fundamentals, 4) drills that teach skills needed for playing badminton, and 5) lesson progression for high school students. There are also suggestions for working with students with below average eye-hand coordination. (CJ)

Diesel Mechanics: Fundamentals.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Foutes, William; And Others

This publication is the first in a series of three texts for a diesel mechanics curriculum. Its purpose is to teach the basic concepts related to employment in a diesel trade. Six sections contain 29 units. Each instructional unit includes some or all of these basic components: unit and specific (performance) objectives, suggested activities for…

CD-ROM Integration Peaks Student Interest in Inquiry.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

O'Bannon, Blanche

1997-01-01

Discussion of learning processes examines past educational practices and considers how CD-ROM technology can impact teaching and learning. A lesson plan for elementary school science that uses a CD-ROM encyclopedia is presented that includes instructional goals, performance objectives, teaching and learning activities, and assessment methods.…

Banking Services, Business Education: 7713.15.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Griffee, Alice

This course in banking intends to give students an insight into the personal and business services that banks provide. It includes instruction on savings and checking accounts, loans, trusts, and safety deposit facilities. Also included are the performance objectives, five pages of an outline on course content, suggested teaching and learning…

Geomorphology, Science (Experimental): 5343.09.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Dade County Public Schools, Miami, FL.

Performance objectives are stated for this secondary school instructional unit concerned with aspects of earth science with emphases on the internal and external forces that bring about changes in the earth's crust. Lists of films and state-adopted and other texts are presented. Included are a course outline summarizing the unit content; numerous…

Design and Implementation of an Object Oriented Learning Activity System

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lin, Huan-Yu; Tseng, Shian-Shyong; Weng, Jui-Feng; Su, Jun-Ming

2009-01-01

With the development of e-learning technology, many specifications of instructional design have been proposed to make learning activity sharable and reusable. With the specifications and sufficient learning resources, the researches further focus on how to provide learners more appropriate learning activities to improve their learning performance.…

Le Francais Moderne, (Modern French) Part II.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Dade County Public Schools, Miami, FL.

Performance objectives and broad goals for listening, speaking, reading, and writing skills in French instruction are presented in this text. Cultural awareness and student attitude are also considered. Vocabulary and structure of the course are presented through three situations: shopping, meeting a train, and making vacation plans. Short films…

Air Conditioning and Refrigeration Book IV.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Eckes, William; Fulkerson, Dan

This publication is the concluding text in a four-part curriculum for air conditioning and refrigeration. Materials in Book 4 are designed to complement theoretical and functional elements in Books 1-3. Instructional materials in this publication are written in terms of student performance using measurable objectives. The course includes six…

Diesel Mechanics: Fuel Systems.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Foutes, William

This publication is the third in a series of three texts for a diesel mechanics curriculum. Its purpose is to teach the concepts related to fuel injection systems in a diesel trade. The text contains eight units. Each instructional unit includes some or all of these basic components: unit and specific (performance) objectives, suggested activities…

Advanced Electricity. Microprocessors and Robotics. Curriculum Development. Bulletin 1803.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Southeastern Louisiana Univ., Hammond.

This model instructional unit was developed to aid industrial arts/technology education teachers in Louisiana to teach a course on microprocessors and robotics in grades 11 and 12. It provides guidance on model performance objectives, current technology content, sources, and supplemental materials. Following a course description, rationale, and…

Multiple Learning Strategies Project. Medical Assistant. [Regular Vocational. Vol. 1.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Varney, Beverly; And Others

This instructional package, one of four designed for regular vocational students, focuses on the vocational area of medical assistant. Contained in this document are twenty-six learning modules organized into three units: language; receptioning; and asepsis. Each module includes these elements: a performance objective page telling what will be…

Tackling Production Techniques: Telling Tales with Transparencies.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Martin, Ron

1986-01-01

This lesson introduces students to procedures for creating both hand-drawn and machine-made transparencies and requires each of them to create one example to illustrate the same story. Detailed plans include performance objectives, materials needed, instructions for presenting the lesson, a sample student task card, and suggestions for evaluating…

Mineralogy, Science (Experimental): 5343.02.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gato, Jeannette

This unit of instruction deals with the examination of minerals in the earth's crust and their formation into rocks. No prerequisites are required for enrollment in the course. The booklet lists the relevant state-adopted texts and states the performance objectives for the unit. It provides an outline of the course content and suggests…

Diesel Mechanics: Electrical Systems.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Foutes, William; And Others

This publication is the second in a series of three texts for a diesel mechanics curriculum. Its purpose is to teach the concepts related to electricity and circuitry in a diesel trade. The text contains nine units. Each instructional unit includes some or all of these basic components: unit and specific (performance) objectives, suggested…

Authorized Course of Instruction for the Quinmester Program. Science: Man and Nature.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

McCarthy, Nancy D.; Silver, Barbara A.

Performance objectives are stated for this secondary school unit prepared for the Dade County Florida Quinmester Program. The unit examines scientific method, biological classification, evolution, population ecology, and pays attention to problems of the human environment. The booklet lists related state-adopted textbooks, cites descriptions of…

Consumer-Homemaking I Curriculum Guide. Bulletin 1810.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Nicholls State Univ., Thibodaux, LA.

This model instructional unit was developed to aid home economics teachers in Louisiana to teach a course in consumer and homemaking education in grades 9-10. The guide is designed for a full-year comprehensive home economics course. It provides guidance on model performance objectives, current technology content, sources, and supplemental…

Professional Collaboration: Empowering School Personnel through Peer Coaching.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Anderson, Dana M.; And Others

Peer coaching, in which two teachers observe each other's classes with the objective of helping each other improve their instructional abilities, empowers teaching professionals by enabling them to develop their own criteria for evaluation of and responsibility for quality classroom performance. Peer coaching can involve collaborative, expert, or…

Horticulture III, IV, and V. Task Analyses. Competency-Based Education.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Henrico County Public Schools, Glen Allen, VA. Virginia Vocational Curriculum Center.

This task analysis guide is intended to help teachers and administrators develop instructional materials and implement competency-based education in the horticulture program. Section 1 contains a validated task inventory for horticulture III, IV, and V. For each task, applicable information pertaining to performance and enabling objectives,…

Perceptual Learning Style and Learning Proficiency: A Test of the Hypothesis

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kratzig, Gregory P.; Arbuthnott, Katherine D.

2006-01-01

Given the potential importance of using modality preference with instruction, the authors tested whether learning style preference correlated with memory performance in each of 3 sensory modalities: visual, auditory, and kinesthetic. In Study 1, participants completed objective measures of pictorial, auditory, and tactile learning and learning…

INSTRUCTIONAL DESIGN, RECORDED INSTRUCTION AND FACULTY INTERESTS. SUPPLEMENT, INSTRUCTIONAL DESIGN, RECORDED INSTRUCTION AND FACULTY INTERESTS WITHIN THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA. OCCASIONAL PAPER NO. 2.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

KARWIN, THOMAS J.

THE SYSTEMS APPROACH TO PLANNING IS USEFUL IN DESIGNING MORE EFFECTIVE AND EFFICIENT INSTRUCTIONAL PROGRAMS. IT SPECIFIES INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVES, COORDINATES APPROPRIATE METHODS, AND EVALUATES THE RESULTING INSTRUCTIONAL SYSTEM. CONFLICTS CAN ARISE FROM INDIVIDUAL INTERPERTATIONS OF INTEREST IN SPECIFIC PROGRAMS. A COMPREHENSIVE, EQUITABLE…

Design of Learning Objects for Concept Learning: Effects of Multimedia Learning Principles and an Instructional Approach

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Chiu, Thomas K. F.; Churchill, Daniel

2016-01-01

Literature suggests using multimedia learning principles in the design of instructional material. However, these principles may not be sufficient for the design of learning objects for concept learning in mathematics. This paper reports on an experimental study that investigated the effects of an instructional approach, which includes two teaching…

State Articulated Instructional Objectives Guide for Occupational Education Programs. State Pilot Model for Automotive Mechanics (DCC V-003) and Automotive Mechanics (High School).

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

North Carolina State Dept. of Community Colleges, Raleigh.

This articulation instructional objective guide for automotive mechanics contains summary information on fifteen blocks (courses) of instruction. They are introduction to automotive technology; lubrication and vehicle operating maintenance; cooling system maintenance and repair; automobile heater maintenance and repair; braking system maintenance…

Learning More about Black Americans. An Instructional Unit for the Upper Elementary Grades.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Montgomery County Public Schools, Rockville, MD.

This instructional unit for grades 4-6 specifies objectives, resources, and lesson plans to help students develop knowledge and appreciation of contributions made by blacks to American society. The activities can be integrated with other program areas, such as language arts, music, and art. For each of four instructional objectives the unit…

Program Fair Evaluation--Summative Appraisal of Instructional Sequences with Dissimilar Objectives.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Popham, W. James

A comparative evaluation involving two instructional programs is given, although the approach can easily serve to compare more than two programs. The steps involved in conducting a program fair evaluation of two instructional programs are: (1) Identify objectives (a) common to both programs, (b) unique to one program, and (c) unique to the other…

Reading K-3. Instructional Objectives Exchange. A Project of the Center for the Study of Evaluation.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

California Univ., Los Angeles. Center for the Study of Evaluation.

Three hundred and ninety-seven objectives and related evaluation items for reading in grades kindergarten through three are presented for the teacher and administrator in this collection developed by the Instructional Objectives Exchange (IOX). The objectives are organized into the categories of word recognition, comprehension, and study skills,…

Independent Orbiter Assessment (IOA): FMEA/CIL instructions and ground rules

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Traves, S. T.

1986-01-01

The McDonnell Douglas Astronautics Company was selected to conduct an independent assessment of the Orbiter Failure Mode and Effects Analysis/Critical Items List (FMEA/CIL). Part of this effort involved an examination of the FMEA/CIL preparation instructions and ground rules. Assessment objectives were to identify omissions and ambiguities in the ground rules that may impede the identification of shuttle orbiter safety and mission critical items, and to ensure that ground rules allow these items to receive proper management visibility for risk assessment. Assessment objectives were followed during the performance of the assessment without being influenced by external considerations such as effects on budget, schedule, and documentation growth. Assessment personnel were employed who had a strong reliability background but no previous space shuttle FMEA/CIL experience to ensure an independent assessment would be achieved. The following observations were made: (1) not all essential items are in the CIL for management visibility; (2) ground rules omit FMEA/CIL coverage of items that perform critical functions; (3) essential items excluded from the CIL do not receive design justification; and (4) FMEAs/CILs are not updated in a timely manner. In addition to the above issues, a number of other issues were identified that correct FMEA/CIL preparation instruction omissions and clarify ambiguities. The assessment was successful in that many of the issues have significant safety implications.

Maintaining the Database for Information Object Analysis, Intent, Dissemination and Enhancement (IOAIDE) and the US Army Research Laboratory Campus Sensor Network (ARL CSN)

DTIC Science & Technology

2017-01-01

CII-B 2800 Powder Mill Road Adelphi, MD 20783-1138 8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NUMBER ARL-TR-7921 9. SPONSORING/MONITORING AGENCY NAME(S...server database, structured query language, information objects, instructions, maintenance , cursor on target events, unattended ground sensors...unlimited. iii Contents List of Figures iv 1. Introduction 1 2. Computer and Software Development Tools Requirements 1 3. Database Maintenance 2 3.1

Effectiveness of Using Computer-Assisted Supplementary Instruction for Teaching the Mole Concept

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yalçinalp, Serpil; Geban, Ömer; Özkan, Ilker

This study examined the effect of computer-assisted instruction (CAI), used as a problem-solving supplement to classroom instruction, on students' understanding of chemical formulas and mole concept, their attitudes toward chemistry subjects, and CAI. The objective was to assess the effectiveness of CAI over recitation hours when both teaching methods were used as a supplement to the traditional chemistry instruction. We randomly selected two classes in a secondary school. Each teaching strategy was randomly assigned to one class. The experimental group received supplementary instruction delivered via CAI, while the control group received similar instruction through recitation hours. The data were analyzed using two-way analysis of variance and t-test. It was found that the students who used the CAI accompanied with lectures scored significantly higher than those who attended recitation hours, in terms of school subject achievement in chemistry and attitudes toward chemistry subjects. In addition, there was a significant improvement in the attitudes of students in the experimental group toward the use of computers in a chemistry course. There was no significant difference between the performances of females versus males in each treatment group.Received: 26 April 1994; Revised: 6 April 1995;

The Effects of Increasing Object Pronoun Input Frequency on the Aural Comprehension of 3rd Person Object Pronouns among Second Semester Classroom Learners of French

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Barone, Olivia L.

2017-01-01

This semester-long study was designed to benefit developing Second Language Acquisition (SLA) instructional methods, specifically honing French language instruction, creating a foundation on which to explore the connection between input frequency during instruction and aural comprehension of difficultly acquired forms. Concurrently, five current…

Career Education Curriculum Development Project: Instructional Objectives. Technical Paper No. 339-1.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bergan, John R.; And Others

Part of the AIR Career Education Curriculum Development Project, the paper is directed to assisting teachers with a step-by-step procedure in preparing instructional objectives for career education programs. Clearly defined objectives are useful in providing: direction for teacher and learner, opportunity for questioning traditional educational…

Learning Objects--Instructional Metadata and Sequencing.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Redeker, Giselher

The main focus of current discussions within the standardization process of learning technology is on economical opportunities and technical aspects of learning objects. There has been little discussion about the instructional or didactical issues. The purpose of this paper is to conceptualize a taxonomy of learning objects for the facilitation of…

A randomized controlled study of manikin simulator fidelity on neonatal resuscitation program learning outcomes.

PubMed

Curran, Vernon; Fleet, Lisa; White, Susan; Bessell, Clare; Deshpandey, Akhil; Drover, Anne; Hayward, Mark; Valcour, James

2015-03-01

The neonatal resuscitation program (NRP) has been developed to educate physicians and other health care providers about newborn resuscitation and has been shown to improve neonatal resuscitation skills. Simulation-based training is recommended as an effective modality for instructing neonatal resuscitation and both low and high-fidelity manikin simulators are used. There is limited research that has compared the effect of low and high-fidelity manikin simulators for NRP learning outcomes, and more specifically on teamwork performance and confidence. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of using low versus high-fidelity manikin simulators in NRP instruction. A randomized posttest-only control group study design was conducted. Third year undergraduate medical students participated in NRP instruction and were assigned to an experimental group (high-fidelity manikin simulator) or control group (low-fidelity manikin simulator). Integrated skills station (megacode) performance, participant satisfaction, confidence and teamwork behaviour scores were compared between the study groups. Participants in the high-fidelity manikin simulator instructional group reported significantly higher total scores in overall satisfaction (p = 0.001) and confidence (p = 0.001). There were no significant differences in teamwork behaviour scores, as observed by two independent raters, nor differences on mandatory integrated skills station performance items at the p < 0.05 level. Medical students' reported greater satisfaction and confidence with high-fidelity manikin simulators, but did not demonstrate overall significantly improved teamwork or integrated skills station performance. Low and high-fidelity manikin simulators facilitate similar levels of objectively measured NRP outcomes for integrated skills station and teamwork performance.

The Effectiveness of an Interactive Computer Program Versus Traditional Lecture in Athletic Training Education

PubMed Central

Wiksten, Denise Lebsack; Patterson, Patricia; Antonio, Kimberly; De La Cruz, Daniel; Buxton, Barton P.

1998-01-01

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of an interactive athletic training educational curriculum (IATEC) computer program as compared with traditional lecture instruction. Instructions on assessment of the quadriceps angle (Q-angle) were compared. Dependent measures consisted of cognitive knowledge, practical skill assessment, and attitudes toward the 2 methods of instruction. Design and Setting: Sixty-six subjects were selected and then randomly assigned to 3 different groups: traditional lecture, IATEC, and control. The traditional lecture group (n = 22) received a 50-minute lecture/demonstration covering the same instructional content as the Q-angle module of the IATEC program. The IATEC group (n = 20; 2 subjects were dropped from this group due to scheduling conflicts) worked independently for 50 to 65 minutes using the Q-angle module of the IATEC program. The control group (n = 22) received no instruction. Subjects: Subjects were recruited from an undergraduate athletic training education program and were screened for prior knowledge of the Q-angle. Measurements: A 9-point multiple choice examination was used to determine cognitive knowledge of the Q-angle. A 12-point yes-no checklist was used to determine whether or not the subjects were able to correctly measure the Q-angle. The Allen Attitude Toward Computer-Assisted Instruction Semantic Differential Survey was used to assess student attitudes toward the 2 methods of instruction. The survey examined overall attitudes, in addition to 3 subscales: comfort, creativity, and function. The survey was scored from 1 to 7, with 7 being the most favorable and 1 being the least favorable. Results: Results of a 1-way ANOVA on cognitive knowledge of the Q-angle revealed that the traditional lecture and IATEC groups performed significantly better than the control group, and the traditional lecture group performed significantly better than the IATEC group. Results of a 1-way ANOVA on practical skill performance revealed that the traditional lecture and IATEC groups performed significantly better than the control group, but there were no significant differences between the traditional lecture and IATEC groups on practical skill performance. Results of a t test indicated significantly more favorable attitudes (P < .05) for the traditional lecture group when compared with the IATEC group for comfort, creativity, and function. Conclusions: Our results suggest that use of the IATEC computer module is an effective means of instruction; however, use of the IATEC program alone may not be sufficient for educating students in cognitive knowledge. Further research is needed to determine the effectiveness of the IATEC computer program as a supplement to traditional lecture instruction in athletic training education. PMID:16558517

An Investigation into Digital Media: Characteristics of Learning Objects Which K-12 Teachers Determine Meet Their Instructional Needs

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Guthrie, Patricia Ann

2010-01-01

In recent years, learning objects have emerged as an instructional tool for teachers. Digital libraries and collections provide teachers with free or fee-base access to a variety of learning objects from photos and famous speeches to Flash animations and interactive Java Applets. Learning objects offer opportunities for students to interact with…

Typewriting for Business Education Departments in Pennsylvania's Public Schools. Final Report. Bulletin 275 (Revised).

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Leffingwell, Elsie L.; McKune, Mary B.

The purposes of this guidebook for secondary typewriting teachers are to provide information about common typewriting problems, to suggest alternative teaching strategies, and to explore new areas of concern. Contents include suggested performance objectives for the first and second year of typewriting instruction at the secondary level;…

OPASS: An Online Portfolio Assessment and Diagnosis Scheme to Support Web-Based Scientific Inquiry Experiments

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Su, Jun-Ming; Lin, Huan-Yu; Tseng, Shian-Shyong; Lu, Chia-Jung

2011-01-01

Promoting the development of students' scientific inquiry capabilities is a major learning objective in science education. As a result, teachers require effective assessment approaches to evaluate students' scientific inquiry-related performance. Teachers must also be able to offer appropriate supplementary instructions, as needed, to students.…

Managing the Office Environment. Instructor's Guide. Student Activity Packet. Office Occupations.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Johnson, Diane E.

This training package, one in a series of instructional modules consisting of an instructor's guide and a student activity packet, deals with managing the office environment. Included in the instructor's guide are general directions for implementing the presentation; a detailed guide for teaching the lesson that includes performance objectives,…

Santa Fe School Precision Teaching Program, Evaluation Report 1974-75.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Spencer, Mary L.; Henderson, Joan C.

The Santa Fe Precision Teaching for Effective Learning, (PTEL) an ESEA Title III program, was selected as a remedial instructional approach to the performance and motivational problems of Santa Fe students. It proposed the following six major program objectives: (1) planning and implementation of start-up activities; (2) staff training in the…

LO + EPSS = Just-in-Time Reuse of Content to Support Employee Performance

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Nguyen, Frank; Hanzel, Matthew

2007-01-01

Those involved in training know that creating instructional materials can become a tedious, repetitive process. They also know that business conditions often require training interventions to be delivered in ways that are not ideally structured or timed. This article examines the notion that learning objects can be reused and adapted for…

Agricultural Biology, Science (Experimental): 5314.09.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Basnett, Fred D.

This unit of instruction was designed as a laboratory study of soils, plants, crop improvements and pesticides, and gives consideration to fish farming, tropical fish, and careers in agriculture. The booklet lists the relevant state-adopted texts and states the performance objectives for the unit. It provides an outline of the course content and…

Automotive Technician. A Competency-Based Curriculum Designed To Prepare Students for Entry-Level Employment.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Vocational Curriculum Resource Center of Maine, Fairfield.

This curriculum guide is designed to assist instructors in the development and implementation of a comprehensive, competency-based automotive curriculum. It contains an instructional unit for each task listed on the enclosed job analysis or DACUM (Developing a Curriculum) chart. These units include introduction, performance objectives, suggested…

AN APPLICATION OF REINFORCEMENT PRINCIPLES TO CLASSROOM TEACHING.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

PORTER, DOUGLAS

THIS RESEARCH CONSIDERED THE TEACHING OF SPELLING AS A PHENOMENON MORE OR LESS ISOLATED FROM THE OTHER AREAS OF LANGUAGE ARTS INSTRUCTION THAT PROBABLY CONTRIBUTE TO SPELLING PERFORMANCE. THE MAJOR OBJECTIVES WERE--(1) TO DESIGN, CONSTRUCT, AND TEST MECHANICAL DEVICES FOR THE TEACHING OF SPELLING, AND (2) TO CARRY OUT AN EXPLORATORY INVESTIGATION…

Using Action Verbs as Learning Outcomes: Applying Bloom's Taxonomy in Measuring Instructional Objectives in Introductory Psychology

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Nevid, Jeffrey S.; McClelland, Nate

2013-01-01

We used a set of action verbs based on Bloom's taxonomy to assess learning outcomes in two college-level introductory psychology courses. The action verbs represented an acronym, IDEA, comprising skills relating to identifying, defining or describing, evaluating or explaining, and applying psychological knowledge. Exam performance demonstrated…

Introduction to Production/Manufacturing Drafting. Drafting Module 8. Instructor's Guide.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Missouri Univ., Columbia. Instructional Materials Lab.

This module, 1 of 10 in the Drafting curriculum guide developed in Missouri, contains 3 units of study that include some or all of the following components: performance objectives, lesson plans, information sheets, transparency masters, handouts, assignment sheets, job sheets, a unit test, and answers to the unit test. Special instructions on…

Reflecting on Online Course Evaluations: Five Must-Do's for Faculty and Students

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Cicco, Gina

2016-01-01

This article will review the experiences of a graduate counselor educator in teaching and evaluating her online courses. The author will summarize her most effective instructional and assessment mechanisms, based on student performance through achievement of course objectives as well as students' feedback and comments on specific online counseling…

Advanced Respite Care: Medically Challenged. Teacher Edition. Respite Care Series.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Oklahoma State Dept. of Vocational and Technical Education, Stillwater. Curriculum and Instructional Materials Center.

This curriculum guide is designed to help teachers to provide advanced-level training for care providers who want to work with individuals who are chronically or terminally ill and require specialized care. The curriculum contains seven units. Each of the instructional units includes some or all of these basic components: performance objectives,…

An Analysis of Testing Time within a Mastery-Based Medical School Course.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wade, David R.; Williams, Reed G.

1979-01-01

Southern Illinois University School of Medicine's personalized teaching system has the following features: students are provided with behavioral objectives prior to instruction; passing levels for tests are set in advance and are independent of class performance; and the program is divided into small units and students are tested frequently. (LBH)

A method for real-time generation of augmented reality work instructions via expert movements

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bhattacharya, Bhaskar; Winer, Eliot

2015-03-01

Augmented Reality (AR) offers tremendous potential for a wide range of fields including entertainment, medicine, and engineering. AR allows digital models to be integrated with a real scene (typically viewed through a video camera) to provide useful information in a variety of contexts. The difficulty in authoring and modifying scenes is one of the biggest obstacles to widespread adoption of AR. 3D models must be created, textured, oriented and positioned to create the complex overlays viewed by a user. This often requires using multiple software packages in addition to performing model format conversions. In this paper, a new authoring tool is presented which uses a novel method to capture product assembly steps performed by a user with a depth+RGB camera. Through a combination of computer vision and imaging process techniques, each individual step is decomposed into objects and actions. The objects are matched to those in a predetermined geometry library and the actions turned into animated assembly steps. The subsequent instruction set is then generated with minimal user input. A proof of concept is presented to establish the method's viability.

Development, implementation, and evaluation of an energy and power unit of instruction for junior high school industrial arts/technology education programs

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Litowitz, L.S.

The unit of instruction was developed and refined in three stages. In the first stage, potential objectives for the unit of instruction were identified from appropriate literature. The objectives were mailed to a group primarily consisting of IA/TE state supervisors for critiquing. Upon receiving responses from the critique group, a revised list of objectives was created. From this revised list a content framework was developed. The content framework was then submitted for critiquing to a second group primarily consisting of energy and power curriculum developers. The responses from the second critique group were summarized, and a refined content framework wasmore » produced. A series of twelve hand-on learning activities for junior high school students were then developed to fulfill the unit objectives and concepts identified in the content framework. These activities were critiqued by a final group of experts representing in-service junior high school IA/TE teachers. Revisions to the unit of instruction were made based on feedback from the final critique group. The unit of instruction was then implemented in a junior high school setting as a final means of obtaining formative evaluation. Results of the formative evaluation indicated that the students who participated in the field test had met many of the unit objectives. Recommendations as to the use of the unit of instruction were made.« less

Intact Associative Learning in Patients with Schizophrenia: Evidence from a Go/NoGo Paradigm

PubMed Central

Woolard, Austin A.; Kose, Samet; Woodward, Neil D.; Verbruggen, Frederick; Logan, Gordon D.; Heckers, Stephan

2010-01-01

Objective Schizophrenia is associated with deficits in executive control and associative learning. In the present study, we investigated the effect of associative learning during a Go/NoGo task in healthy controls subjects and patients with schizophrenia. Methods Thirty patients with schizophrenia and 30 age-and-gender matched healthy control subjects performed 15 blocks of training and 3 blocks of test trials. The trials consisted of responding to words denoting either living or non-living objects. In the training condition, subjects were instructed to respond by pressing the space bar (Go-task) to one of the word types (living or non-living objects), but not the other. In the test phase, the Go/NoGo mapping was reversed. Subjects were instructed to respond as quickly and as accurately as possible. Reaction times (RT) and accuracy were recorded for each trial and all subjects were debriefed upon completion of the test trials. Results Patients with schizophrenia had significantly longer Go RTs when compared to the control group, during both training and test trials. However, the two groups did not differ on any measure of associative learning. Conclusions Our findings suggest that associative learning is intact in schizophrenia patients during the performance of a relational Go/NoGo paradigm. PMID:20226631

MICROPIK: A Multiple-Alternatives, Criterion-Referenced Decisioning Model for Evaluating CAI Software and Microcomputer Hardware Against Selected Curriculum Instructional Objectives. Paper and Report Series No. 73.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wholeben, Brent Edward

This report describing the use of operations research techniques to determine which courseware packages or what microcomputer systems best address varied instructional objectives focuses on the MICROPIK model, a highly structured evaluation technique for making such complex instructional decisions. MICROPIK is a multiple alternatives model (MAA)…

CONFERENCE ON SYSTEMS APPROACHES TO CURRICULUM AND INSTRUCTION IN THE OPEN-DOOR COLLEGE (UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, LOS ANGELES, JULY 18-20, 1966).

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

JOHNSON, BYRON LAMAR

THE SYSTEMS APPROACH TO INSTRUCTION INVOLVES A CAREFUL SPECIFICATION OF LEARNING OBJECTIVES IN BEHAVIORAL AND MEASURABLE FORM, FOLLOWED BY A SUCCESSION OF EVALUATION-REVISION CYCLES IN THE INSTRUCTIONAL PROCESS, UNTIL NEW STUDENTS EXPOSED TO THE PROCESS ACHIEVE THE DESIRED OBJECTIVES. SEVEN MAJOR PAPERS WERE PRESENTED AT THE CONFERENCE--(1) THE…

Dental Students’ Preference with Regard to Tactile or Visual Determination of Injection Site for an Inferior Alveolar Nerve Block in Children: A Crossover Randomized Clinical Trial

PubMed Central

Iranmanesh, Seyed Masoud

2016-01-01

Objectives: Instruction of local anesthesia injection in an important part of dental education curricula. This study was performed to compare dental students’ preference with regard to tactile or visual determination of injection site for an inferior alveolar nerve block (IANB) in children. Materials and Methods: This crossover randomized clinical trial was conducted on dental students of Zahedan Dental School who took the first practical course of pediatric dentistry in the first academic semester of 2013–14 (n=42). They were randomly divided into two groups. During the first phase, group I was instructed to find the needle insertion point for an IANB via tactile method and group II was instructed to do it visually. In the second phase, the groups received instructions for the alternate technique. Both instructions were done using live demonstrations by the same instructor and immediately after instruction the learners practiced an IANB using the taught method. A five-point Likert scale questionnaire was then filled out by the students. The preference score was determined by calculating the mean of item scores. Data were analyzed using Mann-Whitney U and Wilcoxon Singed Rank tests in SPSS 19 at P=0.05 level of significance. Results: Thirty-eight students completed the study. By using the visual method to perform an IANB, students gained a significantly higher mean preference score (P=0.020). There was a significant difference in the preference of male students (P=0.008). Conclusions: Instruction of IANB by visual identification of needle insertion point is more desirable by students. PMID:27536327

A Resource File for Social Studies in Utah. Level 10-12: U.S. Government.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Utah State Office of Education, Salt Lake City.

This resource file contains information for Utah high school teachers to help students meet the state's instructional objectives in the elective U.S. government course. Each activity includes an instructional objective along with a title, topic, time segment, procedures, materials, evaluation, and adaptation. Sample objectives include comparing…

Instructional Objectives for a Junior College Course in Introduction to Mathematical Thinking.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Starkweather, Ann, Comp.

These instructional objectives have been selected from materials submitted to the Curriculum Laboratory of the Graduate School of Education at UCLA. Arranged by major course goals, these objectives are offered simply as samples that may be used where they correspond to the skills, abilities, and attitudes instructors want their students to…

Instructional Objectives for a Junior College Course in College Mathematics.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Starkweather, Ann, Comp.

These instructional objectives have been selected from materials submitted to the Curriculum Laboratory of the Graduate School of Education at UCLA. Arranged by major course goals, these objectives are offered simply as samples that may be used where they correspond to the skills, abilities, and attitudes instructors want their students to…

Instructional Objectives for a Junior College Course in Intermediate Algebra.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Starkweather, Ann, Comp.

These instructional objectives have been selected from materials submitted to the Curriculum Laboratory of the Graduate School of Education at UCLA. Arranged by major course goals, these objectives are offered simply as samples that may be used where they correspond to the skills, abilities, and attitudes instructors want their students to…

Medical Student Use of Objectives in Basic Science and Clinical Instruction.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

And Others; Mast, Terrill A.

1980-01-01

A study that investigated the long-term use of instructional objectives by medical students taking basic science and clinical courses is reported. Focus is on the extent and manner in which the objectives were used and factors that influenced their use. Students reported heavier usage earlier in the curriculum. (Author/JMD)

Assessment and Instruction of Object Permanence in Children with Blindness and Multiple Disabilities

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bruce, Susan M.; Vargas, Claudia

2012-01-01

Introduction: This article discusses the impact of blindness and low vision on the development of object permanence and provides suggestions for assessment and instruction. Methods: The reviewed literature was identified by searching both ERIC and Psych Info using combinations of search terms such as "object permanence" and "visual…

Some Implications of Cognitive Theory for Instructional Design.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Winn, William

1990-01-01

Examines some of the recent developments in cognitive theory and explores their implications for instructional design. Topics discussed include a shift from emphasis on behavioral theory to cognitive theory; task analysis; instructional objectives; learner characteristics; instructional strategies; metacognition; and the dynamic nature of…

Examining Curricular Integration Strategies To Optimize Learning Of The Anatomical Sciences

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lisk, Kristina Adriana Ayako

Background: Integration of basic and clinical science knowledge is essential to clinical practice. Although the importance of these two knowledge domains is well-recognized, successfully supporting the development of learners' integrated basic and clinical science knowledge, remains an educational challenge. In this dissertation, I examine curricular integration strategies to optimize learning of the anatomical sciences. Objectives: The studies were designed to achieve the following research aims: 1) to objectively identify clinically relevant content for an integrated musculoskeletal anatomy curriculum; 2) to examine the value of integrated anatomy and clinical science instruction compared to clinical science instruction alone on novices' diagnostic accuracy and diagnostic reasoning process; 3) to compare the effect of integrating and segregating anatomy and clinical science instruction along with a learning strategy (self-explanation) on novices' diagnostic accuracy. Methods: A modified Delphi was used to objectively select clinically relevant content for an integrated musculoskeletal anatomy curriculum. Two experimental studies were created to compare different instructional strategies to optimize learning of the curricular content. In both of these studies, novice learners were taught the clinical features of musculoskeletal pathologies using different learning approaches. Diagnostic performance was measured immediately after instruction and one-week later. Results: The results show that the Delphi method is an effective strategy to select clinically relevant content for integrated anatomy curricula. The findings also demonstrate that novices who were explicitly taught the clinical features of musculoskeletal diseases using causal basic science descriptions had superior diagnostic accuracy and a better understanding of the relative importance of key clinical features for disease categories. Conclusions: This research demonstrates how integration strategies can be applied at multiple levels of the curriculum. Further, this work shows the value of cognitive integration of anatomy and clinical science and it emphasizes the importance of purposefully linking the anatomical and clinical sciences in day-to-day teaching.

Social Studies: 1970; Instructional Objectives for Grades 1-8.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Catholic School Board, Chicago, IL.

The objectives of this curriculum guide for teachers are: 1) to provide a unified list of yearly instructional objectives for each social studies classroom; 2) to provide basic standards for measuring pupil progress; and 3) to provide a guide for the continuous development in the social studies. The recommendations for each grade level cover:…

Specifications for an Advanced Instructional Design Advisor (AIDA) for Computer-Based Training

DTIC Science & Technology

1991-05-01

student time under instruction o increased student comprehension and learning transfer o establishment of instruction standards o...strategies. 6. The nature of the cognitive task determines the learning objective. 7. Learning is internal; instruction is external. 12 Major...AIDAs and to its instructional products. Halff argued that cognitive structures have a role to play in instructional design. He maintained that learning

Indicator Organisms: Learner's Guide for a Critical Path in Water Quality Monitoring.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Glazer, Richard B.; And Others

This learner's guide on indicator organisms is derived from a water monitoring curriculum developed at Ulster County Community College. There are 37 modules in this guide; each is introduced with a statement of purpose and then broken down into units of instruction. These units contain an objective, learning conditions, and a performance level.…

An Introduction to Logic Control Systems for the Behavioral Scientist, Part I, Text.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Larsen, Lawrence A.

This programed instruction course gives a basic introduction to solid state programing equipment. Course objectives include giving the student (1) a working knowledge of the various types of units used in building digital logic control systems and (2) an idea of how they interconnect to perform different functions. The course has no prerequisites…

Energy: Light, Sound, and Heat, Science (Experimental): 5311.04.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Castaldi, June P.

This unit of instruction was designed as a basic course involving the study of light, sound, and heat at the junior high school level. The booklet lists the relevant state-adopted texts and states the performance objectives for the unit. It provides an outline of the course content and suggests experiments, demonstrations, field trips, and topics…

Applying Social Psychology to Reveal a Major (But Correctable) Flaw in Student Evaluations of Teaching.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Greenwald, Anthony G.

Higher education relies on student ratings to evaluate faculty teaching, partly because the alternatives (expert peer appraisals or objective performance criteria) are costly or unavailable. Because student ratings are crucial not only to improving instruction, but also in making or breaking faculty careers, it is important to assure that they…

Occupational Education for Students with Special Needs: Master Table of Contents for 17-Volume Series.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Nassau County Board of Cooperative Educational Services, Westbury, NY.

This master table of contents provides a comprehensive overview of all seventeen books included in a series of curriculum resource guides for occupational teachers who work with special needs students. Each includes performance objectives and suggested instructional activities for job behaviors and attitudes common to all employment as well as to…

A Phenomenological Study of Autonomous Management Performance Schools (AMPS) in the Chicago Public Schools

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Moore, Forrest W.

2009-01-01

The primary objective of this qualitative study is to explore the impact of autonomy on the relationship between schools and districts of the school level across governance, operations, curriculum and instruction and the decision making that accompanies the each of these factors. More specifically, this study focuses the impact of autonomy within…

The Nervous System, Science (Experimental): 5363.02.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Weiss, Alan; And Others

This unit of instruction was designed as an intensive in-depth study of the nervous impulse, neurons, brain, spinal cord, and sensory organs. Also included is a study of the endocrine system in its role of maintaining homeostasis. The booklet lists the relevant state-adopted texts and states the performance objectives for the unit. It provides an…

Study of the Influence of Social Relationships among Students on Knowledge Building Using a Moderately Constructivist Learning Model

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Alonso, Fernando; Manrique, Daniel; Martínez, Loïc; Viñes, José M.

2015-01-01

The main objective of higher education institutions is to educate students to high standards to proficiently perform their role in society. Elsewhere we presented empirical evidence illustrating that the use of a blended learning approach to the learning process that applies a moderate constructivist e-learning instructional model improves…

Learning Semantics of Gestural Instructions for Human-Robot Collaboration

PubMed Central

Shukla, Dadhichi; Erkent, Özgür; Piater, Justus

2018-01-01

Designed to work safely alongside humans, collaborative robots need to be capable partners in human-robot teams. Besides having key capabilities like detecting gestures, recognizing objects, grasping them, and handing them over, these robots need to seamlessly adapt their behavior for efficient human-robot collaboration. In this context we present the fast, supervised Proactive Incremental Learning (PIL) framework for learning associations between human hand gestures and the intended robotic manipulation actions. With the proactive aspect, the robot is competent to predict the human's intent and perform an action without waiting for an instruction. The incremental aspect enables the robot to learn associations on the fly while performing a task. It is a probabilistic, statistically-driven approach. As a proof of concept, we focus on a table assembly task where the robot assists its human partner. We investigate how the accuracy of gesture detection affects the number of interactions required to complete the task. We also conducted a human-robot interaction study with non-roboticist users comparing a proactive with a reactive robot that waits for instructions. PMID:29615888

Learning Semantics of Gestural Instructions for Human-Robot Collaboration.

PubMed

Shukla, Dadhichi; Erkent, Özgür; Piater, Justus

2018-01-01

Designed to work safely alongside humans, collaborative robots need to be capable partners in human-robot teams. Besides having key capabilities like detecting gestures, recognizing objects, grasping them, and handing them over, these robots need to seamlessly adapt their behavior for efficient human-robot collaboration. In this context we present the fast, supervised Proactive Incremental Learning (PIL) framework for learning associations between human hand gestures and the intended robotic manipulation actions. With the proactive aspect, the robot is competent to predict the human's intent and perform an action without waiting for an instruction. The incremental aspect enables the robot to learn associations on the fly while performing a task. It is a probabilistic, statistically-driven approach. As a proof of concept, we focus on a table assembly task where the robot assists its human partner. We investigate how the accuracy of gesture detection affects the number of interactions required to complete the task. We also conducted a human-robot interaction study with non-roboticist users comparing a proactive with a reactive robot that waits for instructions.

Instructional Design: System Strategies.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ledford, Bruce R.; Sleeman, Phillip J.

This book is intended as a source for those who desire to apply a coherent system of instructional design, thereby insuring accountability. Chapter 1 covers the instructional design process, including: instructional technology; the role of evaluation; goal setting; the psychology of teaching and learning; task analysis; operational objectives;…

Volleyball: Special Olympics Sports Skills Instructional Program.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Special Olympics, Inc., Washington, DC.

One of seven booklets on Special Olympics Sports Skills Instructional Programs, this guide presents an instructional program for volleyball coaches working with mentally retarded persons. The instructional program presents information on the following topics: long term goals; short term objectives; modifications and adaptations of equipment, sport…

Welding.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Cowan, Earl; And Others

The curriculum guide for welding instruction contains 16 units presented in six sections. Each unit is divided into the following areas, each of which is color coded: terminal objectives, specific objectives, suggested activities, and instructional materials; information sheet; transparency masters; assignment sheet; test; and test answers. The…

Extension of an Object-Oriented Optimization Tool: User's Reference Manual

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Pak, Chan-Gi; Truong, Samson S.

2015-01-01

The National Aeronautics and Space Administration Armstrong Flight Research Center has developed a cost-effective and flexible object-oriented optimization (O (sup 3)) tool that leverages existing tools and practices and allows easy integration and adoption of new state-of-the-art software. This object-oriented framework can integrate the analysis codes for multiple disciplines, as opposed to relying on one code to perform analysis for all disciplines. Optimization can thus take place within each discipline module, or in a loop between the O (sup 3) tool and the discipline modules, or both. Six different sample mathematical problems are presented to demonstrate the performance of the O (sup 3) tool. Instructions for preparing input data for the O (sup 3) tool are detailed in this user's manual.

An object memory bias induced by communicative reference.

PubMed

Marno, Hanna; Davelaar, Eddy J; Csibra, Gergely

2016-01-01

In humans, a good proportion of knowledge, including knowledge about objects and object kinds, is acquired via social learning by direct communication from others. If communicative signals raise the expectation of social learning about objects, intrinsic (permanent) features that support object recognition are relevant to store into memory, while extrinsic (accidental) object properties can be ignored. We investigated this hypothesis by instructing participants to memorise shape-colour associations that constituted either an extrinsic object property (the colour of the box that contained the object, Experiment 1) or an intrinsic one (the colour of the object, Experiment 2). Compared to a non-communicative context, communicative presentation of the objects impaired participants' performance when they recalled extrinsic object properties, while their incidental memory of the intrinsic shape-colour associations was not affected. Communicative signals had no effect on performance when the task required the memorisation of intrinsic object properties. The negative effect of communicative reference on the memory of extrinsic properties was also confirmed in Experiment 3, where this property was object location. Such a memory bias suggests that referent objects in communication tend to be seen as representatives of their kind rather than as individuals. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Improved fourth-year medical student clinical decision-making performance as a resuscitation team leader after a simulation-based curriculum.

PubMed

Ten Eyck, Raymond P; Tews, Matthew; Ballester, John M; Hamilton, Glenn C

2010-06-01

To determine the impact of simulation-based instruction on student performance in the role of emergency department resuscitation team leader. A randomized, single-blinded, controlled study using an intention to treat analysis. Eighty-three fourth-year medical students enrolled in an emergency medicine clerkship were randomly allocated to two groups differing only by instructional format. Each student individually completed an initial simulation case, followed by a standardized curriculum of eight cases in either group simulation or case-based group discussion format before a second individual simulation case. A remote coinvestigator measured eight objective performance end points using digital recordings of all individual simulation cases. McNemar chi2, Pearson correlation, repeated measures multivariate analysis of variance, and follow-up analysis of variance were used for statistical evaluation. Sixty-eight students (82%) completed both initial and follow-up individual simulations. Eight students were lost from the simulation group and seven from the discussion group. The mean postintervention case performance was significantly better for the students allocated to simulation instruction compared with the group discussion students for four outcomes including a decrease in mean time to (1) order an intravenous line; (2) initiate cardiac monitoring; (3) order initial laboratory tests; and (4) initiate blood pressure monitoring. Paired comparisons of each student's initial and follow-up simulations demonstrated significant improvement in the same four areas, in mean time to order an abdominal radiograph and in obtaining an allergy history. A single simulation-based teaching session significantly improved student performance as a team leader. Additional simulation sessions provided further improvement compared with instruction provided in case-based group discussion format.

A State Articulated Instructional Objectives Guide for Occupational Education Programs. State Pilot Model for Drafting (Graphic Communications). Part I--Basic. Part II--Specialty Programs. Section A (Mechanical Drafting and Design). Section B (Architectural Drafting and Design).

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

North Carolina State Dept. of Community Colleges, Raleigh.

A two-part articulation instructional objective guide for drafting (graphic communications) is provided. Part I contains summary information on seven blocks (courses) of instruction. They are as follow: introduction; basic technical drafting; problem solving in graphics; reproduction processes; freehand drawing and sketching; graphics composition;…

Imitation Learning Errors Are Affected by Visual Cues in Both Performance and Observation Phases.

PubMed

Mizuguchi, Takashi; Sugimura, Ryoko; Shimada, Hideaki; Hasegawa, Takehiro

2017-08-01

Mechanisms of action imitation were examined. Previous studies have suggested that success or failure of imitation is determined at the point of observing an action. In other words, cognitive processing after observation is not related to the success of imitation; 20 university students participated in each of three experiments in which they observed a series of object manipulations consisting of four elements (hands, tools, object, and end points) and then imitated the manipulations. In Experiment 1, a specific intially observed element was color coded, and the specific manipulated object at the imitation stage was identically color coded; participants accurately imitated the color coded element. In Experiment 2, a specific element was color coded at the observation but not at the imitation stage, and there were no effects of color coding on imitation. In Experiment 3, participants were verbally instructed to attend to a specific element at the imitation stage, but the verbal instructions had no effect. Thus, the success of imitation may not be determined at the stage of observing an action and color coding can provide a clue for imitation at the imitation stage.

Effectiveness of Tutorials for Introductory Physics in Argentinean high schools

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Benegas, J.; Flores, J. Sirur

2014-06-01

This longitudinal study reports the results of a replication of Tutorials in Introductory Physics in high schools of a Latin-American country. The main objective of this study was to examine the suitability of Tutorials for local science education reform. Conceptual learning of simple resistive electric circuits was determined by the application of the single-response multiple-choice test "Determining and Interpreting Resistive Electric Circuits Concepts Test" (DIRECT) to high school classes taught with Tutorials and traditional instruction. The study included state and privately run schools of different socioeconomic profiles, without formal laboratory space and equipment, in classes of mixed-gender and female-only students, taught by novice and experienced instructors. Results systematically show that student learning is significantly higher in the Tutorials classes compared with traditional teaching for all of the studied conditions. The results also show that long-term learning (one year after instruction) in the Tutorials classes is highly satisfactory, very similar to the performance of the samples of college students used to develop the test DIRECT. On the contrary, students following traditional instruction returned one year after instruction to the poor performance (<20%) shown before instruction, a result compatible with the very low level of conceptual knowledge of basic physics recently determined by a systematic study of first-year students attending seven universities in Spain and four Latin-American countries. Some replication and adaptation problems and difficulties of this experience are noted, as well as recommendations for successful use of Tutorials in high schools of similar educational systems.

Using Gagne's theory to teach procedural skills.

PubMed

Buscombe, Charlotte

2013-10-01

Many key medical procedures are performed every day in clinical practice to yield important diagnostic information and to help determine the disease response to intensive treatments. Training clinicians to perform procedures competently and confidently thus carries considerable weight, helping to assure patient safety, the obtainment of adequate samples and minimising patient discomfort. This article considers how Robert Gagne's instructional design model may be effectively used to design lesson plans and teach procedural skills in small group settings. Gagne's model is based upon the information-processing model of mental events that occur when adults are presented with various stimuli. It highlights nine specific instructional events, which correlate with crucial conditions of learning, and are arranged to maximally enhance the learning process, improve session flow and, ultimately, ensure lesson objectives are comprehensively addressed. This article uses the nine points described by Gagne to outline a comprehensive lesson guide for teaching psychomotor skills, using a bone-marrow aspirate procedure as an example. Each of Gagne's instructional events is considered with specific activities for each, and with the variety of activities delineated to meet diverse learning styles. Gagne's instructional events can produce an effective and comprehensive lesson plan for teaching procedural skills, preparing learners with various preferred learning styles to perform psychomotor skills competently in clinical practice. This lesson plan can be of use for both teachers and students across clinical specialties, encouragingly outlining how Gagne's systematic and widely referenced theory can be creatively and practically used. © 2013 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

KEEP Reading Research and Instruction: Results of the 1973-74 Program. Technical Report No. 26.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Au, Kathryn H.; Speidel, Gisela E.

This report summarizes research related to the use of a conventional basal reading program with students in the Kamehameha Early Education Program (KEEP). Results of instruction were measured by the number of objectives gained each quarter, the total number of objectives gained, the number of lessons taken for each objective, and scores on the…

Instructional Objectives for Junior College Courses in Economics: Principles of Macroeconomics and Principles of Microeconomics.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Thompson, Fred A.

These sets of behavioral objectives for junior college economics courses were written to serve as a guide to instruction, a student guide to learning, and a basis for evaluation. The objectives are offered as samples that may be used where they correspond to the skills, abilities, and attitudes other instructors want their students to acquire.…

Multi-school collaboration to develop and test nutrition computer modules for pediatric residents.

PubMed

Roche, Patricia L; Ciccarelli, Mary R; Gupta, Sandeep K; Hayes, Barbara M; Molleston, Jean P

2007-09-01

The provision of essential nutrition-related content in US medical education has been deficient, despite efforts of the federal government and multiple professional organizations. Novel and efficient approaches are needed. A multi-department project was developed to create and pilot a computer-based compact disc instructional program covering the nutrition topics of oral rehydration therapy, calcium, and vitamins. Funded by an internal medical school grant, the content of the modules was written by Department of Pediatrics faculty. The modules were built by School of Informatics faculty and students, and were tested on a convenience sampling of 38 pediatric residents in a randomized controlled trial performed by a registered dietitian/School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences Master's degree candidate. The modules were reviewed for content by the pediatric faculty principal investigator and the registered dietitian/School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences graduate student. Residents completed a pretest of nutrition knowledge and attitude toward nutrition and Web-based instruction. Half the group was given three programs (oral rehydration therapy, calcium, and vitamins) on compact disc for study over 6 weeks. Both study and control groups completed a posttest. Pre- and postintervention objective test results in study vs control groups and attitudinal survey results before and after intervention in the study group were compared. The experimental group demonstrated significantly better posttrial objective test performance compared to the control group (P=0.0005). The study group tended toward improvement, whereas the control group performance declined substantially between pre- and posttests. Study group resident attitudes toward computer-based instruction improved. Use of these computer modules prompted almost half of the residents in the study group to independently pursue relevant nutrition-related information. This inexpensive, collaborative, multi-department effort to design a computer-based nutrition curriculum positively impacted both resident knowledge and attitudes.

Procedural instructions, principles, and examples: how to structure instructions for procedural tasks to enhance performance, learning, and transfer.

PubMed

Eiriksdottir, Elsa; Catrambone, Richard

2011-12-01

The goal of this article is to investigate how instructions can be constructed to enhance performance and learning of procedural tasks. Important determinants of the effectiveness of instructions are type of instructions (procedural information, principles, and examples) and pedagogical goal (initial performance, learning, and transfer). Procedural instructions describe how to complete tasks in a stepwise manner, principles describe rules governing the tasks, and examples demonstrate how instances of the task are carried out. The authors review the research literature associated with each type of instruction to identify factors determining effectiveness for different pedagogical goals. The results suggest a trade-off between usability and learnability. Specific instructions help initial performance, whereas more general instructions, requiring problem solving, help learning and transfer. Learning from instructions takes cognitive effort, and research suggests that learners typically opt for low effort. However, it is possible to meet both goals of good initial performance and learning with methods such as fading and by combining different types of instructions. How instructions are constructed influences their effectiveness for the goals of good initial performance, learning, and transfer, and it is therefore important for researchers and practitioners alike to define the pedagogical goal of instructions. If the goal is good initial performance, then instructions should highly resemble the task at hand (e.g., in the form of detailed procedural instructions and examples), but if the goal is good learning and transfer, then instructions should be more abstract, inducing learners to expend the necessary cognitive effort for learning.

Producing the 8mm Self-Instructional Film: A Demonstration Kit.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gerlach, Vernon S.

How does one conduct a workshop in self-instructional film production? A demonstration kit was put together to enable a teacher to do this. It consists of five monographs' ("Programing the Instructional Film", "Stating Objectives", "Developing The Instructional Specification", "An Introduction to Programing", and "Lighting Fundamentals"), one 8mm…

Guidelines for the Integration of Instructional Television in Speech and Hearing Facilities.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Borich, Gary D.

To devise an efficient instructional television system, the planner must first identify and assess objectives for target audiences; allow for construction of a flexible, expansible system; plan for exchangeable instructional tapes; observe instructional procedures for large class, small group, and remote location operations; consider types of…

Computer Assisted Instruction. 1988-89. 353 Project.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Granite School District, Salt Lake City, UT.

The Granite School District (Utah) conducted a project to implement competency-based/technology-assisted instruction in all of its adult high schools. The district adopted the state's core curriculum in order to establish clearly defined instructional goals and objectives; revised and added to the instructional units; made the curriculum uniform…

Literacy Instruction in the Wake of Common Core State Standards

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Barrett-Mynes, Jennifer

2013-01-01

As teachers modify their instruction to meet English Language Arts (ELA) Common Core State Standards (CCSS), how do these modifications influence literacy instruction and learning opportunities afforded to students? While the CCSS standardized objectives for literacy instruction, the enacted curriculum is uniquely shaped by teachers and their…

The Design of an Instructional Model Based on Connectivism and Constructivism to Create Innovation in Real World Experience

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Jirasatjanukul, Kanokrat; Jeerungsuwan, Namon

2018-01-01

The objectives of the research were to (1) design an instructional model based on Connectivism and Constructivism to create innovation in real world experience, (2) assess the model designed--the designed instructional model. The research involved 2 stages: (1) the instructional model design and (2) the instructional model rating. The sample…

General Electronics Technician: Basic Electronics.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hilley, Robert

These instructional materials include a teacher's guide designed to assist instructors in organizing and presenting an introductory course in general electronics and a student guide. The materials are based on the curriculum-alignment concept of first stating the objectives, developing instructional strategies for teaching those objectives, and…

Thinking Out Loud while Studying Text: Rehearsing Key Ideas.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Muth, K. Denise; And Others

1988-01-01

A study involving 32 undergraduate students was conducted to identify mechanisms by which instructional objectives affect learning. Protocols for thinking out loud were examined for evidence of rehearsal activity. Results suggest that instructional objectives enhanced real-time rehearsal activity, recall, and reading time. (TJH)

Redesign and Evaluation of a Patient Assessment Course

PubMed Central

Sobieraj, Diana M.; McCaffrey, Desmond; Lee, Jennifer J.

2009-01-01

Objectives To redesign a patient assessment course using a structured instructional design process and evaluate student learning. Design Course coordinators collaborated with an instructional design and development expert to incorporate new pedagogical approaches (eg, Web-based self-tests), create new learning activities (eg, peer collaboration on worksheets, SOAP note writing), and develop grading rubrics. Assessment Formative and summative surveys were administered for student self-assessment and course evaluation. Seventy-six students (78%) completed the summative survey. The mean course grade was 91.8% ± 3.6%, with more than 75% of students reporting achievement of primary course learning objectives. All of the additional learning activities helped students meet the learning objectives with the exception of the written drug information response. Conclusion The use of a structured instructional design process to redesign a patient assessment course was successful in creating a curriculum that succeeded in teaching students the specified learning objectives. Other colleges and schools are encouraged to collaborate with an instructional design and development expert to improve the pharmacy curriculum. PMID:19960090

What Do We Know about How Teachers Influence Student Performance on Standardized Tests: And Why Do We Know So Little about Other Student Outcomes?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Good, Thomas L.

2014-01-01

Background/Context: Since the 1970s, researchers have attempted to link observational measures of instructional process to student achievement (and occasionally to other outcomes of schooling). This paper reviews extensively both historical and contemporary research to identify what is known about effective teaching. Purpose/Objective: Good, after…

Assessment of knowledge and skills in information literacy instruction for rehabilitation sciences students: a scoping review.

PubMed

Boruff, Jill T; Harrison, Pamela

2018-01-01

This scoping review investigates how knowledge and skills are assessed in the information literacy (IL) instruction for students in physical therapy, occupational therapy, or speech-language pathology, regardless of whether the instruction was given by a librarian. The objectives were to discover what assessment measures were used, determine whether these assessment methods were tested for reliability and validity, and provide librarians with guidance on assessment methods to use in their instruction in evidence-based practice contexts. A scoping review methodology was used. A systematic search strategy was run in Ovid MEDLINE and adapted for CINAHL; EMBASE; Education Resources Information Center (ERIC) (EBSCO); Library and Information Science Abstracts (LISA); Library, Information Science & Technology Abstracts (LISTA); and Proquest Theses and Dissertations from 1990 to January 16, 2017. Forty articles were included for data extraction. Three major themes emerged: types of measures used, type and context of librarian involvement, and skills and outcomes described. Thirty-four measures of attitude and thirty-seven measures of performance were identified. Course products were the most commonly used type of performance measure. Librarians were involved in almost half the studies, most frequently as instructor, but also as author or assessor. Information literacy skills such as question formulation and database searching were described in studies that did not involve a librarian. Librarians involved in instructional assessment can use rubrics such as the Valid Assessment of Learning in Undergraduate Education (VALUE) when grading assignments to improve the measurement of knowledge and skills in course-integrated IL instruction. The Adapted Fresno Test could be modified to better suit the real-life application of IL knowledge and skills.

Michigan English Study of Structure for Curriculum Evaluation (MESSAGE).

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Taylor, Vi Marie

The Michigan English Study of Structure for Curriculum Evaluation (MESSAGE) training session involved 40 leaders of English curriculum study in a 7-day intensive program. They studied objective evaluation in terms of behavior, instruction, and institution; approaches to the English curriculum through instructional objectives that include…

Exploring Technology Education: Exploring Communication Technology.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Joerschke, John D.

These instructional materials include a teacher's guide designed to assist instructors in organizing and presenting a unit of study on communication technology and a student guide. The materials are based on the curriculum-alignment concept of first stating the objectives, developing instructional strategies for teaching those objectives, and then…

Self-Contained Math Manual. Teacher's Guide.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Grant, Shelia I.

This instructional manual consists of 11 competency-based units for a mathematics course for trade and industrial programs in Texas. Each instructional unit includes the following basic components: unit and specific objectives, notes to the instructor (outline of steps to follow in accomplishing specific objectives), information sheets,…

Exploring Technology Education: Introduction to Technology Education.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Joerschke, John D.

These instructional materials include a teacher's guide designed to assist instructors in organizing and presenting an introductory course in technology education and a student guide. The materials are based on the curriculum-alignment concept of first stating the objectives, developing instructional strategies for teaching those objectives, and…

Developing Career Education; K-2 Instructional Units.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Nebraska State Dept. of Education, Lincoln. Div. of Vocational Education.

The guide presents instructional units aimed at developing career education for grades K-2. Each unit provides detailed objectives, activities, resources, and evaluations, and in some units the objectives are further detailed in relationship to the following subjects: mathematics, language arts, social studies, guidance, music, physical education,…

Exploring Technology Education: Exploring Manufacturing Technology.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Joerschke, John D.

These instructional materials include a teacher's guide designed to assist instructors in organizing and presenting a unit of study on manufacturing technology and a student guide. The materials are based on the curriculum-alignment concept of first stating the objectives, developing instructional strategies for teaching those objectives, and then…

Applying Instructional Design Theories to Bioinformatics Education in Microarray Analysis and Primer Design Workshops

PubMed Central

2005-01-01

The need to support bioinformatics training has been widely recognized by scientists, industry, and government institutions. However, the discussion of instructional methods for teaching bioinformatics is only beginning. Here we report on a systematic attempt to design two bioinformatics workshops for graduate biology students on the basis of Gagne's Conditions of Learning instructional design theory. This theory, although first published in the early 1970s, is still fundamental in instructional design and instructional technology. First, top-level as well as prerequisite learning objectives for a microarray analysis workshop and a primer design workshop were defined. Then a hierarchy of objectives for each workshop was created. Hands-on tutorials were designed to meet these objectives. Finally, events of learning proposed by Gagne's theory were incorporated into the hands-on tutorials. The resultant manuals were tested on a small number of trainees, revised, and applied in 1-day bioinformatics workshops. Based on this experience and on observations made during the workshops, we conclude that Gagne's Conditions of Learning instructional design theory provides a useful framework for developing bioinformatics training, but may not be optimal as a method for teaching it. PMID:16220141

The effects of instructions on mothers' ratings of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms in referred children.

PubMed

Johnston, Charlotte; Weiss, Margaret D; Murray, Candice; Miller, Natalie V

2014-01-01

Tested whether instructions for how to rate child attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms would improve the agreement between mothers' ratings of symptoms in their children and ratings provided by teachers and objective observers. Sixty-eight mothers of 5 to 12 year old children (53 boys and 15 girls) referred for ADHD assessment were randomly assigned to receive or not receive the instructions. Mothers and teachers rated the children on the SNAP-IV Rating Scale and objective observers rated the children's behavior during structured tasks. Relations between mother and teacher, and mother and observer ratings were generally stronger for mothers in the Instruction group compared to mothers in the No Instruction group, in some cases significantly stronger. The instructional materials also improved mothers' knowledge of how to rate ADHD symptoms and reduced some associations between mothers' ratings and family socioeconomic status. These instructions have the potential to improve clinical assessments of child ADHD symptoms.

A Methodological Study Evaluating a Pretutorial Computer-Compiled Instructional Program in High School Physics Instruction Initiated from Student-Teacher Selected Instructional Objectives. Final Report.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Leonard, B. Charles; Denton, Jon J.

A study sought to develop and evaluate an instructional model which utilized the computer to produce individually prescribed instructional guides to account for the idiosyncratic variations among students in physics classes at the secondary school level. The students in the treatment groups were oriented toward the practices of selecting…

Effects of Instructional Design with Mental Model Analysis on Learning.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hong, Eunsook

This paper presents a model for systematic instructional design that includes mental model analysis together with the procedures used in developing computer-based instructional materials in the area of statistical hypothesis testing. The instructional design model is based on the premise that the objective for learning is to achieve expert-like…

Latin: Grades 10 Through 12.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Allen, Karen Sue; Bevers, Opal

Instructional objectives of a three-year Latin program are stated in this curriculum guide. An individualized approach to instruction which takes into account the nature of the school, the means of fulfilling its objectives, organizational structure of the course, provision for individual differences, and the type of pupil progress required is…

Writing Useful Instructional Objectives in Physical Education

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Young, Shawna

2016-01-01

Within a physical education curriculum, and presented in individual lesson plans, instructional objectives serve several important purposes: they provide a direct link between the curriculum content and procedures for students to master that content; they provide a clear path for assessment--a way to determine whether students have indeed learned…

Effects of Objectives, Practice, and Review in Multimedia Instruction

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Martin, Florence; Klein, James

2008-01-01

This study examined the effects of instructional elements (objectives, information, practice with feedback, and review) on achievement, attitude, and time in a computer-based, multimedia program. Undergraduate college students used the multimedia lesson to learn about artists and their painting styles. Results indicated that practice had a…

Solar Heated Space Systems. A Unit of Instruction.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hutchinson, John; Weber, Robert D.

Designed for use in vocational education programs, this unit on solar space heating contains information and suggestions for teaching at the secondary school level. It focuses on heating, ventilating, and air conditioning programs. Educational objectives and educational objectives with instructional strategies are provided for each of the eight…

Program of Studies, Aesthetic Education: Music, K-8.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Montgomery County Public Schools, Rockville, MD. Dept. of Instructional Planning and Development.

Educational objectives and brief course descriptions are presented for music instruction, grades K-8, Montgomery Public Schools, Rockville, Maryland. The system recommends that students in grades K-6 receive 100 minutes of general music instruction weekly. Objectives for these grades include development of musical perception through a wide variety…

Color Research and Its Application to the Design of Instructional Materials.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Pett, Dennis; Wilson, Trudy

1996-01-01

Reviews color research and considers its implications for the design of instructional materials. Topics include physiological and psychological effects; color and learning, including attention, search tasks, retention and other objective measures, and non-objective measures; color and the cathode ray tube (CRT); and further research needs.…

Developing Career Education; Grades 3-6 Instructional Units.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Nebraska State Dept. of Education, Lincoln. Div. of Vocational Education.

The guide presents instructional units aimed at developing career education for grades 3-6. Each unit provides detailed objectives, activities, resources, and evaluations, and in some units the objectives are further detailed in relationship to the following subjects: mathematics, language arts, social studies, guidance, music, physical education,…

Instructional Methods Tool

DTIC Science & Technology

2017-09-01

Research Product 2018-01 Instructional Methods Tool Jennifer S. Tucker U.S. Army Research Institute David R. James...Unclassified ii Research Product 2018-01 Instructional Methods Tool Jennifer S. Tucker U.S. Army Research Institute David R. James...1 RESEARCH OBJECTIVE ..............................................................................................................1 METHOD

A Comparison of Cognitive Teaching Stimuli in a First Grade Classroom.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Sigrest, Christine E.

A study assessed the effectiveness of three cognitive levels of instruction with first graders--three-dimensional (3-D) instruction using real objects, two-dimensional (2-D) instruction using picture representations, and verbal instruction. The study population included 18 first-grade students between the ages of 6 and 8 at a small elementary city…

Developing Early Literacy Skills: A Meta-Analysis of Alphabet Learning and Instruction.

PubMed

Piasta, Shayne B; Wagner, Richard K

2010-01-01

Alphabet knowledge is a hallmark of early literacy and facilitating its development has become a primary objective of pre-school instruction and intervention. However, little agreement exists about how to promote the development of alphabet knowledge effectively. A meta-analysis of the effects of instruction on alphabet outcomes demonstrated that instructional impacts differed by type of alphabet outcome examined and content of instruction provided. School-based instruction yielded larger effects than home-based instruction; small-group instruction yielded larger effects than individual tutoring programs. We found minimal evidence of transfer of alphabet instruction to early phonological, reading, or spelling skills. Implications for research and practice are discussed.

Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Training of Family Members Before Hospital Discharge Using Video Self-Instruction: A Feasibility Trial

PubMed Central

Blewer, Audrey L.; Leary, Marion; Decker, Christopher S.; Andersen, James C.; Fredericks, Amanda C.; Bobrow, Bentley J.; Abella, Benjamin S.

2014-01-01

BACKGROUND Bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is a crucial therapy for sudden cardiac arrest (SCA), yet rates of bystander CPR are low. This is especially the case for SCA occurring in the home setting, as family members of at-risk patients are often not CPR trained. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the feasibility of a novel hospital-based CPR education program targeted to family members of patients at increased risk for SCA. DESIGN Prospective, multicenter, cohort study. SETTING Inpatient wards at 3 hospitals. SUBJECTS Family members of inpatients admitted with cardiac-related diagnoses. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS Family members were offered CPR training via a proctored video-self instruction (VSI) program. After training, CPR skills and participant perspectives regarding their training experience were assessed. Surveys were conducted one month postdischarge to measure the rate of “secondary training” of other individuals by enrolled family members. At the 3 study sites, 756 subjects were offered CPR instruction; 280 agreed to training and 136 underwent instruction using the VSI program. Of these, 78 of 136 (57%) had no previous CPR training. After training, chest compression performance was generally adequate (mean compression rate 90 ± 26/minute, mean depth 37 ± 12 mm). At 1 month, 57 of 122 (47%) of subjects performed secondary training for friends or family members, with a calculated mean of 2.1 persons trained per kit distributed. CONCLUSIONS The hospital setting offers a unique “point of capture” to provide CPR instruction to an important, undertrained population in contact with at-risk individuals. PMID:21916007

Online usage of theory of mind continues to develop in late adolescence.

PubMed

Dumontheil, Iroise; Apperly, Ian A; Blakemore, Sarah-Jayne

2010-03-01

The development of theory of mind use was investigated by giving a computerized task to 177 female participants divided into five age groups: Child I (7.3-9.7 years); Child II (9.8-11.4); Adolescent I (11.5-13.9); Adolescent II (14.0-17.7); Adults (19.1-27.5). Participants viewed a set of shelves containing objects, which they were instructed to move by a 'director' who could see some but not all of the objects. Correct interpretation of critical instructions required participants to use the director's perspective and only move objects that the director could see. In a control condition, participants were asked to ignore objects in slots with a grey background. Accuracy improved similarly in both conditions between Child I and Adolescent II. However, while performance of the Adolescent II and Adult groups did not differ in the control condition, the Adolescent II group made more errors than the adults in the experimental condition. These results suggest that theory of mind use improves between late adolescence and adulthood. Thus, while theory of mind tasks are passed by age 4, these data indicate that the interaction between theory of mind and executive functions continues to develop in late adolescence.

NALDA (Naval Aviation Logistics Data Analysis) CAI (computer aided instruction)

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Handler, B.H.; France, P.A.; Frey, S.C.

Data Systems Engineering Organization (DSEO) personnel developed a prototype computer aided instruction CAI system for the Naval Aviation Logistics Data Analysis (NALDA) system. The objective of this project was to provide a CAI prototype that could be used as an enhancement to existing NALDA training. The CAI prototype project was performed in phases. The task undertaken in Phase I was to analyze the problem and the alternative solutions and to develop a set of recommendations on how best to proceed. The findings from Phase I are documented in Recommended CAI Approach for the NALDA System (Duncan et al., 1987). Inmore » Phase II, a structured design and specifications were developed, and a prototype CAI system was created. A report, NALDA CAI Prototype: Phase II Final Report, was written to record the findings and results of Phase II. NALDA CAI: Recommendations for an Advanced Instructional Model, is comprised of related papers encompassing research on computer aided instruction CAI, newly developing training technologies, instructional systems development, and an Advanced Instructional Model. These topics were selected because of their relevancy to the CAI needs of NALDA. These papers provide general background information on various aspects of CAI and give a broad overview of new technologies and their impact on the future design and development of training programs. The paper within have been index separately elsewhere.« less

The Use of a Well-Designed Instructional Guideline in Online MBA Teaching

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Duesing, Robert J.; Ling, Juan; Yang, Jiaqin

2016-01-01

This study investigated the positive impact of a teaching practice on student learning outcomes in an online MBA program. An instructional project guideline was developed to help online students enhance their achieving required learning objectives corresponding to five categories of Bloom's Taxonomy. The course learning objectives are based on…

Behavioral Objectives, Science Processes, and Learning from Inquiry-Oriented Instructional Materials.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Anderson, Elaine J.; And Others

Investigated was the effect of systematically combined high and low level cognitive objectives upon the acquisition of science learning. An instructional unit based on a Biological Sciences Curriculum Study (BSCS) Inquiry Slide Set (structure and function, control of blood sugar, a homeostatic mechanism) was chosen because it included stimuli for…

The Relative Effectiveness of Training Methods for Attaining Training Objectives: Current Opinion of Training Practitioners.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Shoenfelt, Elizabeth L.; And Others

This study replicated the earlier survey efforts of Carroll, Paine, and Ivancevich (1972) and Neider (1981) on the relative effectiveness among practitioners of various training methods for attaining different training objectives. Ten training methods were assessed: (1) computer aided instruction (CAI); (2) programmed instruction; (3) lecture…

Enhancing Problem-Solving Capabilities Using Object-Oriented Programming Language

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Unuakhalu, Mike F.

2009-01-01

This study integrated object-oriented programming instruction with transfer training activities in everyday tasks, which might provide a mechanism that can be used for efficient problem solving. Specifically, a Visual BASIC embedded with everyday tasks group was compared to another group exposed to Visual BASIC instruction only. Subjects were 40…

Colorado State Plan for the Developmentally Disabled: Master Planning Guide for Instructional Objectives. Second Edition.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Shibata, Paul

A product of joint effort between the Colorado Department of Institutions and the Division of Developmental Disabilities, the guide presents hierarchically arranged instructional objectives to determine goals for developmentally disabled persons. The most advanced skills are listed first with basic skills following for four major categories:…

Master Planning Guide for Instructional Objectives. Colorado State Plan for the Developmentally Disabled.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Myers, Marvin L.; And Others

Presented by the Master Planning Committee of the Colorado Department of Institutions and the Division of Developmental Disabilities is a behavior inventory of sequential skills in four areas basic to the normalization of developmentally disabled persons. Instructional objectives are listed in the following areas: physical, including perceptual…

Learning from Online Modules in Diverse Instructional Contexts

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Nugent, Gwen; Kohmetscher, Amy; Namuth-Covert, Deana; Guretzky, John; Murphy, Patrick; Lee, DoKyoung

2016-01-01

Learning objects originally developed for use in online learning environments can also be used to enhance face-to-face instruction. This study examined the learning impacts of online learning objects packaged into modules and used in different contexts for undergraduate education offered on campus at three institutions. A multi-case study approach…

La Materia. Nivel II. Basado en el curso de estudios de Ciencia de Montgomery County Public Schools. (Matter. Level II. Based on the Montgomery County Public Schools Science Studies Program).

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gerstman, M. Linda

This curriculum unit is for use in an elementary school foreign language immersion program in Montgomery County, Maryland. The unit is geared toward the second grade science classroom. It includes instructional and performance objectives, vocabulary lists, optional language structure sections, illustrations, activities, evaluation suggestions, and…

Induced Stress, Artificial Environment, Simulated Tactical Operations Center Model

DTIC Science & Technology

1973-06-01

oriented 4 activities or, at best , tre application of dor:trinal i. 14 concepts to command post exercises. Unlike mechanical skills, weapon’s...training model identified as APSTRAT, an acronym indicating aptitude and strategies , be considered as a point of reference. Several instructional...post providing visual and aural sensing tasks and training objective oriented performance tasks. Vintilly, ho concludes that failure should be

Effect of the Presence of External Representations on Accuracy and Reaction Time in Solving Mathematical Double-Choice Problems by Students of Different Levels of Instruction

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Leikin, Roza; Leikin, Mark; Waisman, Ilana; Shaul, Shelley

2013-01-01

This study explores the effects of the "presence of external representations of a mathematical object" (ERs) on problem solving performance associated with short double-choice problems. The problems were borrowed from secondary school algebra and geometry, and the ERs were either formulas, graphs of functions, or drawings of geometric…

The Galileo Bias: A Naive Conceptual Belief That Influences People's Perceptions and Performance in a Ball-Dropping Task

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Oberle, Crystal D.; McBeath, Michael K.; Madigan, Sean C.; Sugar, Thomas G.

2005-01-01

This research introduces a new naive physics belief, the Galileo bias, whereby people ignore air resistance and falsely believe that all objects fall at the same rate. Survey results revealed that this bias is held by many and is surprisingly strongest for those with formal physics instruction. In 2 experiments, 98 participants dropped ball pairs…

Working Memory Units are All in Your Head: Factors that Influence Whether Features or Objects Are the Favored Units

PubMed Central

Vergauwe, Evie; Cowan, Nelson

2015-01-01

We compared two contrasting hypotheses of how multi-featured objects are stored in visual working memory (vWM): as integrated objects or as independent features. A new procedure was devised to examine vWM representations of several concurrently-held objects and their features and our main measure was reaction time (RT), allowing an examination of the real-time search through features and/or objects in an array in vWM. Response speeds to probes with color, shape or both were studied as a function of the number of memorized colored shapes. Four testing groups were created by varying the instructions and the way in which probes with both color and shape were presented. The instructions explicitly either encouraged or discouraged the use of binding information and the task-relevance of binding information was further suggested by presenting probes with both color and shapes as either integrated objects or independent features. Our results show that the unit used for retrieval from vWM depends on the testing situation. Search was fully object-based only when all factors support that basis of search, in which case retrieving two features took no longer than retrieving a single feature. Otherwise, retrieving two features took longer than retrieving a single feature. Additional analyses of change detection latency suggested that, even though different testing situations can result in a stronger emphasis on either the feature dimension or the object dimension, neither one disappears from the representation and both concurrently affect change detection performance. PMID:25705873

Working memory units are all in your head: Factors that influence whether features or objects are the favored units.

PubMed

Vergauwe, Evie; Cowan, Nelson

2015-09-01

We compared two contrasting hypotheses of how multifeatured objects are stored in visual working memory (vWM); as integrated objects or as independent features. A new procedure was devised to examine vWM representations of several concurrently held objects and their features and our main measure was reaction time (RT), allowing an examination of the real-time search through features and/or objects in an array in vWM. Response speeds to probes with color, shape, or both were studied as a function of the number of memorized colored shapes. Four testing groups were created by varying the instructions and the way in which probes with both color and shape were presented. The instructions explicitly either encouraged or discouraged the use of binding information and the task-relevance of binding information was further suggested by presenting probes with both color and shapes as either integrated objects or independent features. Our results show that the unit used for retrieval from vWM depends on the testing situation. Search was fully object-based only when all factors support that basis of search, in which case retrieving 2 features took no longer than retrieving a single feature. Otherwise, retrieving 2 features took longer than retrieving a single feature. Additional analyses of change detection latency suggested that, even though different testing situations can result in a stronger emphasis on either the feature dimension or the object dimension, neither one disappears from the representation and both concurrently affect change detection performance. (c) 2015 APA, all rights reserved).

Instructional Strategy: Administration of Injury Scripts

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Schilling, Jim

2016-01-01

Context: Learning how to form accurate and efficient clinical examinations is a critical factor in becoming a competent athletic training practitioner, and instructional strategies differ for this complex task. Objective: To introduce an instructional strategy consistent with complex learning to encourage improved efficiency by minimizing…

Animation-assisted CPRII program as a reminder tool in achieving effective one-person-CPR performance.

PubMed

Choa, Minhong; Cho, Junho; Choi, Young Hwan; Kim, Seungho; Sung, Ji Min; Chung, Hyun Soo

2009-06-01

The objective of this study is to compare the skill retention of two groups of lay persons, six months after their last CPR training. The intervention group was provided with animation-assisted CPRII (AA-CPRII) instruction on their cellular phones, and the control group had nothing but what they learned from their previous training. This study was a single blind randomized controlled trial. The participants' last CPR trainings were held at least six months ago. We revised our CPR animation for on-site CPR instruction content emphasizing importance of chest compression. Participants were randomized into two groups, the AA-CPRII group (n=42) and the control group (n=38). Both groups performed three cycles of CPR and their performances were video recorded. These video clips were assessed by three evaluators using a checklist. The psychomotor skills were evaluated using the ResusciAnne SkillReporter. Using the 30-point scoring checklist, the AA-CPRII group had a significantly better score compared to the control group (p<0.001). Psychomotor skills evaluated with the AA-CPRII group demonstrated better performance in hand positioning (p=0.025), compression depth (p=0.035) and compression rate (p<0.001) than the control group. The AA-CPRII group resulted in better checklist scores, including chest compression rate, depth and hand positioning. Animation-assisted CPR could be used as a reminder tool in achieving effective one-person-CPR performance. By installing the CPR instruction on cellular phones and having taught them CPR with it during the training enabled participants to perform better CPR.

Career Education. Industrial Arts Objectives, Grades 6-12. DS Manual 2890.1 [and] Approved List of Essential Textbooks/Instructional Materials for Industrial Arts, Grades 6-12. DS Manual 2890.2; Revised.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Dependents Schools (DOD), Washington, DC.

Designed to assist the instructor in presenting curriculum content based upon industry and technology, this manual presents a program description and the instructional objectives for the industrial arts program in the Department of Defense Dependents Schools (DoDDS). Six sections are included in the manual: Industrial Arts Program Objectives,…

Hubble Space Telescope: Faint object camera instrument handbook. Version 2.0

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Paresce, Francesco (Editor)

1990-01-01

The Faint Object Camera (FOC) is a long focal ratio, photon counting device designed to take high resolution two dimensional images of areas of the sky up to 44 by 44 arcseconds squared in size, with pixel dimensions as small as 0.0007 by 0.0007 arcseconds squared in the 1150 to 6500 A wavelength range. The basic aim of the handbook is to make relevant information about the FOC available to a wide range of astronomers, many of whom may wish to apply for HST observing time. The FOC, as presently configured, is briefly described, and some basic performance parameters are summarized. Also included are detailed performance parameters and instructions on how to derive approximate FOC exposure times for the proposed targets.

The development, assessment and validation of virtual reality for human anatomy instruction

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Marshall, Karen Benn

1996-01-01

This research project seeks to meet the objective of science training by developing, assessing, validating and utilizing VR as a human anatomy training medium. Current anatomy instruction is primarily in the form of lectures and usage of textbooks. In ideal situations, anatomic models, computer-based instruction, and cadaver dissection are utilized to augment traditional methods of instruction. At many institutions, lack of financial resources limits anatomy instruction to textbooks and lectures. However, human anatomy is three-dimensional, unlike the one-dimensional depiction found in textbooks and the two-dimensional depiction found on the computer. Virtual reality allows one to step through the computer screen into a 3-D artificial world. The primary objective of this project is to produce a virtual reality application of the abdominopelvic region of a human cadaver that can be taken back to the classroom. The hypothesis is that an immersive learning environment affords quicker anatomic recognition and orientation and a greater level of retention in human anatomy instruction. The goal is to augment not replace traditional modes of instruction.

Selection of Instructional Methods and Techniques: The Basic Consideration of Teachers at Secondary School Level

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ahmad, Saira Ijaz; Malik, Samina; Irum, Jamila; Zahid, Rabia

2011-01-01

The main objective of the study was to identify the instructional methods and techniques used by the secondary school teachers to transfer the instructions to the students and to explore the basic considerations of the teachers about the selection of these instructional methods and techniques. Participants of the study included were 442 teachers…

Civics for ESOL Students, Grade 9.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Harrison, John S.

The curriculum guide for grade 9 civics instruction for students of English as a second language (ESOL) contains, in outline form, civics behavioral objectives and instructional units. Units of instruction cover American symbols, politicians, colonial Americans, principles of government, the Declaration of Independence, the Constitution,…

Unanticipated Learning Outcomes Associated with Commitment to Change in Continuing Medical Education

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Dolcourt, Jack L.; Zuckerman, Grace

2003-01-01

Introduction: Educator-derived, predetermined instructional objectives are integral to the traditional instructional model and form the linkage between instructional design and postinstruction evaluation. The traditional model does not consider unanticipated learning outcomes. We explored the contribution of learner-identified desired outcomes…

Biographical Study and Hypothesis Testing. Instructional Technology.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Little, Timothy H.

1995-01-01

Asserts that the story of Amelia Earhart holds an ongoing fascination for students. Presents an instructional unit using a spreadsheet to create a database about Earhart's final flight. Includes student objectives, step-by-step instructional procedures, and eight graphics of student information or teacher examples. (CFR)

A Plan for Community College Instructional Computing.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Howard, Alan; And Others

This document presents a comprehensive plan for future growth in instructional computing in the Washington community colleges. Two chapters define the curriculum objectives and content recommended for instructional courses in the community colleges which require access to computing facilities. The courses described include data processing…

Kinematics fingerprints of leader and follower role-taking during cooperative joint actions.

PubMed

Sacheli, Lucia Maria; Tidoni, Emmanuele; Pavone, Enea Francesco; Aglioti, Salvatore Maria; Candidi, Matteo

2013-05-01

Performing online complementary motor adjustments is quintessential to joint actions since it allows interacting people to coordinate efficiently and achieve a common goal. We sought to determine whether, during dyadic interactions, signaling strategies and simulative processes are differentially implemented on the basis of the interactional role played by each partner. To this aim, we recorded the kinematics of the right hand of pairs of individuals who were asked to grasp as synchronously as possible a bottle-shaped object according to an imitative or complementary action schedule. Task requirements implied an asymmetric role assignment so that participants performed the task acting either as (1) Leader (i.e., receiving auditory information regarding the goal of the task with indications about where to grasp the object) or (2) Follower (i.e., receiving instructions to coordinate their movements with their partner's by performing imitative or complementary actions). Results showed that, when acting as Leader, participants used signaling strategies to enhance the predictability of their movements. In particular, they selectively emphasized kinematic parameters and reduced movement variability to provide the partner with implicit cues regarding the action to be jointly performed. Thus, Leaders make their movements more "communicative" even when not explicitly instructed to do so. Moreover, only when acting in the role of Follower did participants tend to imitate the Leader, even in complementary actions where imitation is detrimental to joint performance. Our results show that mimicking and signaling are implemented in joint actions according to the interactional role of the agent, which in turn is reflected in the kinematics of each partner.

Verbal-motor attention-focusing instructions influence kinematics and performance on a golf-putting task.

PubMed

Munzert, Jörn; Maurer, Heiko; Reiser, Mathias

2014-01-01

The authors examined how varying the content of verbal-motor instructions and requesting an internal versus external focus influenced the kinematics and outcome of a golf putting task. On Day 1, 30 novices performed 120 trials with the instruction to focus attention either on performing a pendulum-like movement (internal) or on the desired ball path (external). After 20 retention trials on Day 2, they performed 20 transfer trials with the opposite instruction. Group differences for retention and a group by block interaction showed that external instruction enhanced movement outcome. Kinematic data indicated that specific instruction content influenced outcomes by eliciting changes in movement execution. Switching from the external to the internal focus instruction resulted in a more pendulum-like movement.

Brief, cooperative peer-instruction sessions during lectures enhance student recall and comprehension*

PubMed Central

Zhang, Niu; Henderson, Charles N.R.

2016-01-01

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the academic impact of cooperative peer instruction during lecture pauses in an immunology/endocrinology course. Methods: Third-quarter students participated across iterations of the course. Each class offered 20 lectures of 50 minutes each. Classes were divided into a peer-instruction group incorporating cooperative peer instruction and a control group receiving traditional lectures. Peer-instruction group lectures were divided into 2–3 short presentations followed by a multiple-choice question (MCQ). Students recorded an initial answer and then had 1 minute to discuss answers with group peers. Following this, students could submit a revised answer. The control group received the same lecture material, but without MCQs or peer discussions. Final-exam scores were compared across study groups. A mixed-design analysis of covariance was used to analyze the data. Results: There was a statistically significant main effect for the peer-instruction activity (F(1, 93) = 6.573, p = .012, r = .257), with recall scores higher for MCQs asked after peer-instruction activities than for those asked before peer instruction. Final-exam scores at the end of term were greater in the peer-instruction group than the control group (F(1, 193) = 9.264, p = .003, r = .214; question type, F(1, 193) = 26.671, p = .000, r = .348). Conclusion: Lectures with peer-instruction pauses increase student recall and comprehension compared with traditional lectures. PMID:26967766

North Central Washington Business/Spanish Instruction Modules. Final Report.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Eley, Robert H.

The major objective of this project was to develop a series of specialized English-to-Spanish study modules for retail stores. The modules are to become part of the instruction in the small business, salesmanship, and advertising classes at Wenatchee Valley College (Washington). A minor objective was to survey the current perceived level of sales…

Best Practices in Digital Object Development for Education: Promoting Excellence and Innovation in Instructional Quality and Assessment

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Reece, Amanda A.

2016-01-01

A program of development of online learning resources should provide content, resources, support and activities to promote excellence and innovation in instructional quality and assessment. This article provides details on five best practices in digital object development for teaching and learning. In addition, an evaluation of the learning object…

Comprehensive Instructional Management System (CIMS). A Cyclical Mathematics Curriculum. Workbook Part 2. Experimental. Level K.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

New York City Board of Education, Brooklyn, NY. Div. of Curriculum and Instruction.

This document is part 2 of the workbook for kindergarten pupils in the Comprehensive Instructional Management System, a unified mathematics curriculum for kindergarten through grade 7. Each objective is developed by a variety of strategies, with mastery of objectives diagnosed through a testing component. The activities in the student workbook are…

La terminologie, outil et/ou objet pedagogique (Terminology, Instructional Tool and/or Object).

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Van Deth, Jean-Pierre

1990-01-01

It is proposed that while interest has focused on specialized professional vocabulary as an object of language instruction, the same vocabulary can be viewed as a tool for teaching. The exchange of concepts and terminology between student and teacher improves student understanding of the language and the problems of translation. (MSE)

Optimal Contrast: Competition between Two Referents Improves Word Learning

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Zosh, Jennifer M.; Brinster, Meredith; Halberda, Justin

2013-01-01

Does making an inference lead to better learning than being instructed directly? Two experiments evaluated preschoolers' ability to learn new words, comparing their memory for words learned via inference or instruction. On Inference trials, one familiar and one novel object was presented and children were asked to "Point at the [object name (i.e.,…

Seafood Products: An Instructional Guide for Home Economics Programs.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Webb, Anita H.; And Others

The instructional materials contained in this guide are designed for consumer and nutrition education and have been structured in accordance with federal regulations for vocational consumer and homemaking educational programs. Instructional objectives and activities are divided into three levels: level 1 for youth in exploratory/beginning…

Program Evaluation at Foothill College.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lowe, Irel D.

Evaluation systems were designed for the assessment of the instructional and non-instructional programs at Foothill College (California) to determine whether the objectives of the programs were being met and to ascertain the direct and indirect costs of the programs. For the instructional programs, criteria for determining effectiveness, revenue…

Program Descriptions for Art-Music Instructional Materials.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

California State Dept. of Education, Sacramento.

California state-adopted commercial art and music instructional materials are described to aid state school districts in matching instructional materials with curriculum goals and objectives. Information is provided in three sections. An annotated index gives pertinent information about each program, including title, year of copyright, and grade…

Anxiety, Prior Achievement, and Instructional Support.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Tobias, Sigmund; Redfield, Robert

The interaction between prior achievement, anxiety, and different instructional treatments were examined. The expectation that there is an inverse relationship between prior achievement and the amount of instructional support required in order to accomplish an objective was tested. A total of 120 subjects (student volunteers from a senior campus…

Softball: Special Olympics Sports Skills Instructional Program.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Special Olympics, Inc., Washington, DC.

One of seven instructional units on Special Olympics Sports Skills Instructional Programs, this guide presents suggestions for coaching softball for mentally retarded persons. An overview section provides information on teaching suggestions, followed by a list of program goals, objectives, and benefits. Sports skill assessments measure athletes'…

Basketball: Special Olympics Sports Skills Instructional Program.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Special Olympics, Inc., Washington, DC.

One of a series of coaching guides for Special Olympics Sports Skills Instructional Programs, this booklet focuses on basketball instruction for mentally retarded persons. An initial section introduces the sport and discusses general coaching ideas. Goals, objectives, and benefits are listed along with information on clothing and court…

Teacher's Directory of Reading Skill Aids and Materials.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Dechant, Emerald

Intended to help reading teachers match pupil needs and deficiencies with specific instructional materials, this volume contains more than 2,000 print and audiovisual instructional materials for reading instruction. Citations, which include objectives, grade level, publisher, and format, are grouped into the following sections: (1) developing the…

Marketing Instructional Development Internally, Externally.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lied, James

This description of the marketing process as a practical way to manage the function of instruction development emphasizes the importance of the identification and evaluation of customer needs before developing objectives. To assist the instructional development agency in focusing on this aspect of planning, a check list of possible marketing…

Introduction to Systematic Instruction. (SCAT Project, Title VI-G).

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Idaho State Dept. of Education, Boise.

Developed by the staff of SCAT (Support, Competency-Assistance and Training), the document provides information on systematic instructional procedures for teachers of exceptional children. Briefly addressed are the seven components of systematic instruction: initial assessment, establishment of long term goals, sequencing of short term objectives,…

Effects of Varied Enhancement Strategies (Chunking, Feedback, Gaming) in Complementing Animated Instruction in Facilitating Different Types of Learning Objectives

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Munyofu, Mine

2008-01-01

The purpose of this study was to examine the instructional effectiveness of different levels of chunking (simple visual/text and complex visual/text), different forms of feedback (item-by-item feedback, end-of-test feedback and no feedback), and use of instructional gaming (game and no game) in complementing animated programmed instruction on a…

MATRIS Indexing and Retrieval Thesaurus (MIRT): Hierarchical List of Indexing Terms

DTIC Science & Technology

1994-08-01

Adaptability i Fiqcg Dissatisfaction Fiqci Personal goals / objectives Fiqck Health I Fiqcm Religious values Fiqco Socialization Fiqcq Self esteem Fiqcs...Military-civilian mix Bmi Officer-enlisted mix Bink Volunteer force Bmm Aging workforce I Bmo Grade distribution Bmq Occupational / career mix Bms...Ehd Peer instruction Ehe Tutoring Ehg Individualized instruction Ehga *UF Learner-centered instruction Ehga *UF Self -paced instruction Ehh Programmed

The gender congruency effect during bilingual spoken-word recognition

PubMed Central

Morales, Luis; Paolieri, Daniela; Dussias, Paola E.; Valdés kroff, Jorge R.; Gerfen, Chip; Bajo, María Teresa

2016-01-01

We investigate the ‘gender-congruency’ effect during a spoken-word recognition task using the visual world paradigm. Eye movements of Italian–Spanish bilinguals and Spanish monolinguals were monitored while they viewed a pair of objects on a computer screen. Participants listened to instructions in Spanish (encuentra la bufanda / ‘find the scarf’) and clicked on the object named in the instruction. Grammatical gender of the objects’ name was manipulated so that pairs of objects had the same (congruent) or different (incongruent) gender in Italian, but gender in Spanish was always congruent. Results showed that bilinguals, but not monolinguals, looked at target objects less when they were incongruent in gender, suggesting a between-language gender competition effect. In addition, bilinguals looked at target objects more when the definite article in the spoken instructions provided a valid cue to anticipate its selection (different-gender condition). The temporal dynamics of gender processing and cross-language activation in bilinguals are discussed. PMID:28018132

Perceived Ownership of Avatars Influences Visual Perspective Taking

PubMed Central

Böffel, Christian; Müsseler, Jochen

2018-01-01

Modern computer-based applications often require the user to interact with avatars. Depending on the task at hand, spatial dissociation between the orientations of the user and the avatars might arise. As a consequence, the user has to adopt the avatar’s perspective and identify herself/himself with the avatar, possibly changing the user’s self-representation in the process. The present study aims to identify the conditions that benefit this change of perspective with objective performance measures and subjective self-estimations by integrating the idea of avatar-ownership into the cognitive phenomenon of spatial compatibility. Two different instructions were used to manipulate a user’s perceived ownership of an avatar in otherwise identical situations. Users with the high-ownership instruction reported higher levels of perceived ownership of the avatar and showed larger spatial compatibility effects from the avatar’s point of view in comparison to the low ownership instruction. This supports the hypothesis that perceived ownership benefits perspective taking. PMID:29887816

Learning Science Through Visualization

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Chaudhury, S. Raj

2005-01-01

In the context of an introductory physical science course for non-science majors, I have been trying to understand how scientific visualizations of natural phenomena can constructively impact student learning. I have also necessarily been concerned with the instructional and assessment approaches that need to be considered when focusing on learning science through visually rich information sources. The overall project can be broken down into three distinct segments : (i) comparing students' abilities to demonstrate proportional reasoning competency on visual and verbal tasks (ii) decoding and deconstructing visualizations of an object falling under gravity (iii) the role of directed instruction to elicit alternate, valid scientific visualizations of the structure of the solar system. Evidence of student learning was collected in multiple forms for this project - quantitative analysis of student performance on written, graded assessments (tests and quizzes); qualitative analysis of videos of student 'think aloud' sessions. The results indicate that there are significant barriers for non-science majors to succeed in mastering the content of science courses, but with informed approaches to instruction and assessment, these barriers can be overcome.

Development of instructional manual encouraging student active learning for high school teaching on fluid mechanics through Torricelli's tank experiment

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Apiwan, Suttinee; Puttharugsa, Chokchai; Khemmani, Supitch

2018-01-01

The purposes of this research were to help students to perform Physics laboratory by themselves and to provide guidelines for high school teacher to develop active learning on fluid mechanics by using Torricelli's tank experiment. The research was conducted as follows: 1) constructed an appropriate Torricelli's tank experiment for high school teaching and investigated the condition for maximum water falling distance. As a consequence, it was found that the distance of the falling water measured from the experiment was shorter than that obtained from the theory of ideal fluid because of the energy loss during a flow, 2) developed instructional manual for high school teaching that encourages active learning by using problem based learning (PBL) approach, which is consistent with the trend of teaching and learning in 21st century. The content validity of our instructional manual using Index of Item-objective Congruence (IOC) as evaluated by three experts was over 0.67. The manual developed was therefore qualified for classroom practice.

Seres Vivos. Nivel I. Basado en el curso de estudios de Ciencia de Montgomery County Public Schools. (Living Beings. Level 1. Based on the Montgomery County Public Schools Science Studies Program).

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Senger, Graciela

This curriculum unit, developed by the Montgomery County Public Schools, Maryland, was designed for use in the elementary level foreign language immersion program. It is geared toward the first grade science classroom. The unit includes instructional and performance objectives, necessary vocabulary lists, optional language structure sections,…

The influence of analogical reasoning instruction on the pedagogical reasoning ability of preservice elementary teachers

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

James, Mark Charles

Novice teachers with little prior knowledge of science concepts often resort to teaching science as a litany of jargon and definitions. The primary objective of this study was to establish the efficacy of analogy-based pedagogy on influencing the teaching performance of preservice elementary teachers, a group that has been identified for their particular difficulties in teaching science content. While numerous studies have focused on the efficacy of analogy-based instruction on the conceptual knowledge of learners, this was the first study to focus on the influence of analogy-based pedagogy instruction on the teaching performance of novice teachers. The study utilized a treatment/contrast group design where treatment and contrast groups were obtained from intact sections of a university course on methods of teaching science for preservice elementary education students. Preservice teachers in the treatment group were provided instruction in pedagogy that guided them in the generation of analogies to aid in the explanation phase of their learning cycle lessons. The process of generating and evaluating analogies for use in teaching was instrumental in focusing the preservice teachers' lesson planning efforts on critical attributes in target concepts, and away from misplaced concentrations on jargon and definitions. Teaching performance was primarily analyzed using coded indicants of Shulman's (1986) six stages of pedagogical reasoning ability. The primary data source was preservice teachers' work submitted for a major course assignment where the preservice teachers interviewed an elementary school student to gauge prior knowledge of Newtonian force concepts. The culmination of the semester-long assignment was the design of an individualized lesson that was presented by the preservice teachers to individual elementary school students. The results of this study strongly suggest that instruction in methods to include analogy-based pedagogy within a learning cycle lesson format can positively influence the pedagogical reasoning ability of some elementary preservice teachers. The study also provided insights into techniques that can be utilized to introduce analogy-based pedagogy to elementary preservice teachers.

PLATO Instruction for Elementary Accounting.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

McKeown, James C.

A progress report of a study using computer assisted instruction (CAI) materials for an elementary course in accounting principles is presented. The study was based on the following objectives: (1) improvement of instruction in the elementary accounting sequence, and (2) help for transfer students from two-year institutions. The materials under…

Differentiated Instruction in a Calculus Curriculum for College Students in Taiwan

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Chen, Jing-Hua; Chen, Yi-Chou

2018-01-01

Objectives: To explore differentiated instruction within a calculus curriculum. For college students to learn concentration, motivation and the impact of academic achievement; explore the attitudes and ideas of students on differentiated instruction within a calculus curriculum; build up the diversity of mathematics education within varied…

Achievement Monitoring of Individually Paced Instruction. Final Report.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Pinsky, Paul D.

A study was made to monitor achievement of individually paced instruction. The project concentrated on designing testing procedures in group paced instructional programs to provide information to student, teachers, parents and administrators which could be used in both a formative and summative evaluation. The three objectives of the project were:…

Instructional Guide for Vocational Welding. V & TECC Curriculum Guide.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Virginia Polytechnic Inst. and State Univ., Blacksburg. Div. of Vocational-Technical Education.

This trade and industrial curriculum guide for welding is designed for vocational welding programs that provide 960 hours of instruction. The introductory section provides a statement of welding philosophy, objectives, block time schedule, and recommended facilities and equipment. Following the introductory section, ten blocks of instruction are…

A Handbook for Programmers of Automated Instruction.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Melching, William H.; And Others

U.S. Army service schools have been directed (USONARC Directive 350-34, Education and Training, New Instructional Techniques) to initiate development of automated courses of instruction in their curriculum. Programers and training supervisors are provided with procedural guidelines for the derivation of learning objectives and for the use of…

15 CFR 2301.23 - Completion of projects.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... the goals and objectives for which the grant is awarded and shall follow the written instructions and... written instructions and guidance provided by the Agency, if any, were followed. (3) If the Agency... written instructions and guidance provided by the Agency, if any, were disregarded, then the Agency may...

A Framework for the Specification of the Semantics and the Dynamics of Instructional Applications

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Buendia-Garcia, Felix; Diaz, Paloma

2003-01-01

An instructional application consists of a set of resources and activities to implement interacting, interrelated, and structured experiences oriented towards achieving specific educational objectives. The development of computer-based instructional applications has to follow a well defined process, so models for computer-based instructional…

Instructional Guide for Vocational Power Mechanics. V & TECC Curriculum Guide.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Virginia Polytechnic Inst. and State Univ., Blacksburg. Div. of Vocational-Technical Education.

This trade and industrial curriculum guide for power mechanics is designed for vocational power mechanics programs that provide 960 hours of instruction. The introductory section provides a statement of philosophy, block time schedule, and the objectives for power mechanics. Following the introductory section, fourteen blocks of instruction are…

Intravenous Therapy Instruction for Licensed Practical Nurses. Instructor's Guide.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Springer, Pam; Carey, Jean

This Idaho instructor's guide lists tasks and enabling objectives, outlines instruction, and provides handout masters, overhead masters, and tests for intravenous therapy (IV) instruction for licensed practical nurses. Following an introduction and a list of criteria for successful completion of IV therapy courses, the document lists tasks and…

A Framework for the Instructional Design of Multi-Structured Educational Applications.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Buendia, F.; Diaz, P.; Benlloch, J. V.

An instructional application consists of a set of resources and activities that implement interacting, interrelated and structured experiences oriented towards achieving specific educational objectives. Computer-based instructional applications have to be looked at as any other development activity following a well defined process. With this…

A comparison of online versus face-to-face teaching delivery in statistics instruction for undergraduate health science students.

PubMed

Lu, Fletcher; Lemonde, Manon

2013-12-01

The objective of this study was to assess if online teaching delivery produces comparable student test performance as the traditional face-to-face approach irrespective of academic aptitude. This study involves a quasi-experimental comparison of student performance in an undergraduate health science statistics course partitioned in two ways. The first partition involves one group of students taught with a traditional face-to-face classroom approach and the other through a completely online instructional approach. The second partition of the subjects categorized the academic aptitude of the students into groups of higher and lower academically performing based on their assignment grades during the course. Controls that were placed on the study to reduce the possibility of confounding variables were: the same instructor taught both groups covering the same subject information, using the same assessment methods and delivered over the same period of time. The results of this study indicate that online teaching delivery is as effective as a traditional face-to-face approach in terms of producing comparable student test performance but only if the student is academically higher performing. For academically lower performing students, the online delivery method produced significantly poorer student test results compared to those lower performing students taught in a traditional face-to-face environment.

The Effect of Instruction Method and Relearning on Dutch Spelling Performance of Third- through Fifth-Graders

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bouwmeester, Samantha; Verkoeijen, Peter P. J. L.

2011-01-01

In this study, we compared two instruction methods on spelling performance: a rewriting instruction in which children repeatedly rewrote words and an ambiguous property instruction in which children deliberately practiced on a difficult word aspect. Moreover, we examined whether the testing effect applies to spelling performance. One hundred…

Deficits in retention for verbally presented medical information.

PubMed

Sandberg, Elisabeth H; Sharma, Ritu; Sandberg, Warren S

2012-10-01

Anesthesiologists deliver large quantities of verbal information to patients during preoperative teaching. Basic principles of cognitive psychology dictate that much of this information is likely to be forgotten. Exactly how much and what type of information can be retained and recalled remains an open question. With Institutional Review Board approval, 98 healthy, educated volunteers viewed a brief video containing a preoperative explanation of anesthetic options and instructions. Subjects were then asked to engage in free and cued recall of information from the video, and to complete a recognition task. We developed a coding scheme to objectively score the free and cued recall tasks for the quantity of information recalled relative to the quantity presented in the video. Data are presented as descriptive statistics. Subjects spontaneously recalled less than 25% of the information presented. Providing retrieval cues greatly enhanced recall: Subjects recalled 67%, on average, of the material queried in the cued recall task. Performance was even stronger on the multiple-choice test (83% of items correctly answered), indicating that the information was initially encoded. The category of information that was consistently least-remembered was presurgical medication instructions. Under realistic conditions for recall, most medical instruction given to patients will not be recalled, even if it is initially encoded. Given the limits of short-term memory, clinicians should carefully consider their patterns of information giving. Improvement of memory performance with cues for retrieval indicates that providing printed instructions for later review may be beneficial.

Hands in the Air: Using Ungrounded Iconic Gestures to Teach Children Conservation of Quantity

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ping, Raedy M.; Goldin-Meadow, Susan

2008-01-01

Including gesture in instruction facilitates learning. Why? One possibility is that gesture points out objects in the immediate context and thus helps ground the words learners hear in the world they see. Previous work on gesture's role in instruction has used gestures that either point to or trace paths on objects, thus providing support for this…

Effects of Prior Knowledge of Topics and the Instructional Objectives on Students' Achievement in Literature-in-English

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Mbah, Blessing Akaraka

2015-01-01

This study investigated the effects of prior knowledge of topics with their instructional objectives on senior secondary school class two (SS II) students. The study was carried out in Abakaliki Education Zone of Ebonyi State, Nigeria. The design of the study is quasi experimental of pretest-posttest of non-equivalent control group. Two research…

Modern Languages for Communication. Teaching the Curriculum: Checkpoint A, Grades K-6. Topics, Objectives, Activities in French, German, Italian, and Spanish.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Yonkers City School District, NY.

The modern language curriculum guide for grades K-6 is designed to correlate with Checkpoint A of the New York State Syllabus. It presents major topics, listing instructional objectives, functions, skill areas, suggested instructional materials, suggested activities, cultural content, and games, songs, and puzzles. Introductory sections outline…

The Effect of Online Gaming, Cognition and Feedback Type in Facilitating Delayed Achievement of Different Learning Objectives

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Cameron, Brian; Dwyer, Francis

2005-01-01

Online and computer-based instructional gaming is becoming a viable instructional strategy at all levels of education. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of (a) gaming, (b) gaming plus embedded questions, and (c) gaming plus questions plus feedback on delayed retention of different types of educational objectives for students…

If You Say Thee Uh You Are Describing Something Hard: The On-Line Attribution of Disfluency during Reference Comprehension

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Arnold, Jennifer E.; Kam, Carla L. Hudson; Tanenhaus, Michael K.

2007-01-01

Eye-tracking and gating experiments examined reference comprehension with fluent (Click on the red. . .) and disfluent (Click on [pause] thee uh red . . .) instructions while listeners viewed displays with 2 familiar (e.g., ice cream cones) and 2 unfamiliar objects (e.g., squiggly shapes). Disfluent instructions made unfamiliar objects more…

Update Your Classroom with Learning Objects and Twenty-First-Century Skills

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Cramer, Susan R.

2007-01-01

Learning objects are instructional materials found on the Internet that can be used to illustrate, support, supplement, or assess student learning. Small in size, they can provide instruction that is just enough, just in time, just for you. Is it time to move your classroom into the twenty-first century? In this article, the author explores what…

Instructional Climates in Preschool Children Who Are At-Risk. Part I: Object-Control Skill Development

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Robinson, Leah E.; Goodway, Jacqueline D.

2009-01-01

Part I of this study examined the effect of two 9-week instructional climates (low autonomy [LA] and mastery motivational climate [MMC]) on object-control (OC) skill development in preschoolers (N = 117). Participants were randomly assigned to an LA, MMC, or comparison group. OC skills were assessed at pretest, posttest, and retention test with…

Identifying the relationship between feedback provided in computer-assisted instructional modules, science self-efficacy, and academic achievement

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mazingo, Diann Etsuko

Feedback has been identified as a key variable in developing academic self-efficacy. The types of feedback can vary from a traditional, objectivist approach that focuses on minimizing learner errors to a more constructivist approach, focusing on facilitating understanding. The influx of computer-based courses, whether online or through a series of computer-assisted instruction (CAI) modules require that the current research of effective feedback techniques in the classroom be extended to computer environments in order to impact their instructional design. In this study, exposure to different types of feedback during a chemistry CAI module was studied in relation to science self-efficacy (SSE) and performance on an objective-driven assessment (ODA) of the chemistry concepts covered in the unit. The quantitative analysis consisted of two separate ANCOVAs on the dependent variables, using pretest as the covariate and group as the fixed factor. No significant differences were found for either variable between the three groups on adjusted posttest means for the ODA and SSE measures (.95F(2, 106) = 1.311, p = 0.274 and .95F(2, 106) = 1.080, p = 0.344, respectively). However, a mixed methods approach yielded valuable qualitative insights into why only one overall quantitative effect was observed. These findings are discussed in relation to the need to further refine the instruments and methods used in order to more fully explore the possibility that type of feedback might play a role in developing SSE, and consequently, improve academic performance in science. Future research building on this study may reveal significance that could impact instructional design practices for developing online and computer-based instruction.

Applying learning theories and instructional design models for effective instruction.

PubMed

Khalil, Mohammed K; Elkhider, Ihsan A

2016-06-01

Faculty members in higher education are involved in many instructional design activities without formal training in learning theories and the science of instruction. Learning theories provide the foundation for the selection of instructional strategies and allow for reliable prediction of their effectiveness. To achieve effective learning outcomes, the science of instruction and instructional design models are used to guide the development of instructional design strategies that elicit appropriate cognitive processes. Here, the major learning theories are discussed and selected examples of instructional design models are explained. The main objective of this article is to present the science of learning and instruction as theoretical evidence for the design and delivery of instructional materials. In addition, this article provides a practical framework for implementing those theories in the classroom and laboratory. Copyright © 2016 The American Physiological Society.

The U.S. Army in the 1970's: Developments in Training and Manpower Technologies. Professional Paper 77-01.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Prophet, Wallace W.

An examination of Army instructional research and training programs in three specific areas may suggest implications for civilian instruction: (1) Performance-based instructional systems, (2) education and training for lower aptitude personnel, and (3) uses of instructional technology. The performance-based instructional system is based on…

A Performance-Based Instructional Theory

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lawson, Tom E.

1974-01-01

The rationale for a performanced- based instructional theory has arisen from significant advances during the past several years in instructional psychology. Four major areas of concern are: analysis of subject-matter content in terms of performance competencies, diagnosis of pre-instructional behavior, formulation of an instructional…

Instructional Materials Center, Project Director's Report: 1969-70.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Trockman, Mitchell D.

The Instructional Materials Center (IMC) originated in association with the development of a course to train teachers in specific techniques for teaching reading and the use of a wide range of multisensory reading materials. The major objective of the IMC project was to supply teachers with a wide variety of useful instructional materials for…

A Self-Instructional System in Plastics.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Greene, Mark M.; And Others

The purpose of this system is to teach rural high school students the process of forming objects with expandable polystyrene plastic beads. Instruction in the system generally follows a three-step sequence in which the student: 1) views one of the four demonstration films; 2) progresses through a corresponding programed instruction book; and 3)…

Effectiveness of Layered Instructional Strategy for Teaching English at Secondary Level

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ali, Shafqat; Idrees, Muhammad; Ahmed, Iftikhar

2009-01-01

This study was conducted to find out the effectiveness of Layered Instructional Strategy (LIS) based on the Elaboration Theory given by Charles M. Reigeluth on the learning achievement of secondary school students in the subject of English. Main objectives were to develop an understanding about instructional strategy, to ascertain the difference…

How Does the Secondary School Library Become an Instructional Materials Center? Personnel, Program, Materials, Housing.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Rogers, Margaret

1968-01-01

Objectives of this paper are: (1) to provide a practical point of view, based on experience of library and audiovisual practitioners, for expanding secondary school library programs into instructional materials center programs as demanded by instructional programs involving flexible scheduling, inquiry, and independent study; (2) to provide an…

Entelek Programmed Instruction Guide. Volume l: Elementary/High School. 3rd Edition.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Entelek, Inc., Newburyport, MA.

Individualized instruction has become an important objective in schools. This programmed instruction guide provides information about the ENTELEK system for elementary and high schools. The data bank covers a variety of subject areas and is catalogued according to the Dewey Decimal System: library; psychology; logic; political science; economics;…

Time and Learning Efficiency in Internet-Based Learning: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Cook, David A.; Levinson, Anthony J.; Garside, Sarah

2010-01-01

Authors have claimed that Internet-based instruction promotes greater learning efficiency than non-computer methods. Objectives Determine, through a systematic synthesis of evidence in health professions education, how Internet-based instruction compares with non-computer instruction in time spent learning, and what features of Internet-based…

Testing the Utility of Person-Environment Correspondence Theory with Instructional Technology Students in Turkey

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Perkmen, Serkan

2012-01-01

The main objective of this study was to examine the validity and usefulness of the person-environment correspondence theory with instructional technology students in Turkey. The participants included 211 students and three teachers. Results revealed that instructional technology students value achievement most and that they believe that entering a…

Hypermedia without Programming: Automatic Generation of Presentation Documents for Case-based Instruction.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Grissom, Scott; Koschmann, Tim

The objective of this project was to develop a way of producing instructional materials such that once an acceptable design had been achieved, hypermedia documents could be easily generated with no additional programming or design effort. The project was undertaken to support a case-based instructional curriculum in medical education. Southern…

Effect of Visualization (Job Aids) in Facilitating Cognitive Development.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Spaulding, Karen L.; Dwyer, Francis

This study examined the instructional effectiveness with which different job aid types facilitated learner achievement of different types of learning objectives and identified the degree to which low and high prior knowledge individuals profit from different job aid types. The instructional content used in the study was an instructional module on…

Instructional Efficiency of Tutoring in an Outreach Gene Technology Laboratory

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Scharfenberg, Franz-Josef; Bogner, Franz X.

2013-01-01

Our research objective focused on examining the instructional efficiency of tutoring as a form of instructional change as opposed to a non-tutoring approach in an outreach laboratory. We designed our laboratory based on cognitive load (CL) theory. Altogether, 269 twelfth-graders participated in our day-long module "Genetic Fingerprinting." In a…

Study of Visual and Auditory Presentation in Dental Lecture and Laboratory Instruction. Final Report.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Allen, William H.; And Others

This study compared the relative effectiveness of an automated teaching machine with instructor presented instruction in graduate dental teaching. The objectives were to: (1) determine the effects of 3 laboratory instructional procedures used in combination with 2 lectures on the acquisition of manual operative skills, the learning of information…

Instructional Technology in the Department of Defense, Now and in the Future.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Rose, M. Richard

Because the Department of Defense spends more than $7 billion annually on training and educational opportunities, new instructional technologies are constantly explored in an attempt to make education and training more cost effective. Technologies which have been tried include: (1) instructional systems based on behavioral objectives; (2)…

Instructional Materials on Africa for Primary Grades. An Instructional Unit for Grade One.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Smith, Allie Evelyn

Focusing on traditional African families, villages, and cultures, this teaching guide presents objectives, activities, resources, and evaluation suggestions for use in grade one social studies African area programs. The instructional guide is a product of a summer workshop for teachers on African curriculum development. It is intended as the basis…

Facilitating Learning from Animated Instruction: Effectiveness of Questions and Feedback as Attention-Directing Strategies

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lin, Huifen

2011-01-01

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relative effectiveness of different types of visuals (static and animated) and instructional strategies (no strategy, questions, and questions plus feedback) used to complement visualized materials on students' learning of different educational objectives in a computer-based instructional (CBI)…

Teaching Machines, Programming, Computers, and Instructional Technology: The Roots of Performance Technology.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Deutsch, William

1992-01-01

Reviews the history of the development of the field of performance technology. Highlights include early teaching machines, instructional technology, learning theory, programed instruction, the systems approach, needs assessment, branching versus linear program formats, programing languages, and computer-assisted instruction. (LRW)

Incorporating Learning Objects in a Curriculum Re-Design to Meet Needs of Students with Specific Learning Disabilities in Illinois Agricultural Education Programs

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Pense, Seburn L.; Calvin, Jennifer; Watson, Dennis G.; Wakefield, Dexter B.

2012-01-01

A quasi-experimental pilot study of curriculum re-design using Learning Objects (LO) to instruct agricultural education students with Specific Learning Disabilities (SLD) was conducted in five high schools in the federally designated economically distressed area, the Illinois Delta Region. Six LOs were developed based on a unit of instruction in…

Vodcasts and Active-Learning Exercises in a “Flipped Classroom” Model of a Renal Pharmacotherapy Module

PubMed Central

Fox, Jeremy

2012-01-01

Objective. To implement a “flipped classroom” model for a renal pharmacotherapy topic module and assess the impact on pharmacy students’ performance and attitudes. Design. Students viewed vodcasts (video podcasts) of lectures prior to the scheduled class and then discussed interactive cases of patients with end-stage renal disease in class. A process-oriented guided inquiry learning (POGIL) activity was developed and implemented that complemented, summarized, and allowed for application of the material contained in the previously viewed lectures. Assessment. Students’ performance on the final examination significantly improved compared to performance of students the previous year who completed the same module in a traditional classroom setting. Students’ opinions of the POGIL activity and the flipped classroom instructional model were mostly positive. Conclusion. Implementing a flipped classroom model to teach a renal pharmacotherapy module resulted in improved student performance and favorable student perceptions about the instructional approach. Some of the factors that may have contributed to students’ improved scores included: student mediated contact with the course material prior to classes, benchmark and formative assessments administered during the module, and the interactive class activities. PMID:23275661

Teaching for adaptive expertise in biomedical engineering ethics.

PubMed

Martin, Taylor; Rayne, Karen; Kemp, Nate J; Hart, Jack; Diller, Kenneth R

2005-04-01

This paper considers an approach to teaching ethics in bioengineering based on the How People Learn (HPL) framework. Curricula based on this framework have been effective in mathematics and science instruction from the kindergarten to the college levels. This framework is well suited to teaching bioengineering ethics because it helps learners develop "adaptive expertise". Adaptive expertise refers to the ability to use knowledge and experience in a domain to learn in unanticipated situations. It differs from routine expertise, which requires using knowledge appropriately to solve routine problems. Adaptive expertise is an important educational objective for bioengineers because the regulations and knowledge base in the discipline are likely to change significantly over the course of their careers. This study compares the performance of undergraduate bioengineering students who learned about ethics for stem cell research using the HPL method of instruction to the performance of students who learned following a standard lecture sequence. Both groups learned the factual material equally well, but the HPL group was more prepared to act adaptively when presented with a novel situation.

Effectiveness of teaching automated external defibrillators use using a traditional classroom instruction versus self-instruction video in non-critical care nurses

PubMed Central

Saiboon, Ismail M.; Qamruddin, Reza M.; BAO, MBBch; Jaafar, Johar M.; Bakar, Afliza A.; Hamzah, Faizal A.; Eng, Ho S.; Robertson, Colin E.

2016-01-01

Objectives: To evaluate the effectiveness and retention of learning automated external defibrillator (AED) usage taught through a traditional classroom instruction (TCI) method versus a novel self instructed video (SIV) technique in non-critical care nurses (NCCN). Methods: A prospective single-blind randomized study was conducted over 7 months (April-October 2014) at the Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Center, Kuala Lampur, Malaysia. Eighty nurses were randomized into either TCI or SIV instructional techniques. We assessed knowledge, skill and confidence level at baseline, immediate and 6-months post-intervention. Knowledge and confidence were assessed via questionnaire; skill was assessed by a calibrated and blinded independent assessor using an objective structured clinical examination (OSCE) method. Results: Pre-test mean scores for knowledge in the TCI group was 10.87 ± 2.34, and for the SIV group was 10.37 ± 1.85 (maximum achievable score 20.00); 4.05 ± 2.87 in the TCI and 3.71 ± 2.66 in the SIV (maximum score 11.00) in the OSCE evaluation and 9.54 ± 3.65 in the TCI and 8.56 ± 3.47 in the SIV (maximum score 25.00) in the individual’s personal confidence level. Both methods increased the mean scores significantly during immediate post-intervention (0-month). At 6-months, the TCI group scored lower than the SIV group in all aspects 11.13 ± 2.70 versus 12.95 ± 2.26 (p=0.03) in knowledge, 7.27 ± 1.62 versus 7.68 ± 1.73 (p=0.47) in the OSCE, and 16.40 ± 2.72 versus 18.82 ± 3.40 (p=0.03) in confidence level. Conclusion: In NCCN’s, SIV is as good as TCI in providing the knowledge, competency, and confidence in performing AED defibrillation. PMID:27052286

Insertion of operation-and-indicate instructions for optimized SIMD code

DOEpatents

Eichenberger, Alexander E; Gara, Alan; Gschwind, Michael K

2013-06-04

Mechanisms are provided for inserting indicated instructions for tracking and indicating exceptions in the execution of vectorized code. A portion of first code is received for compilation. The portion of first code is analyzed to identify non-speculative instructions performing designated non-speculative operations in the first code that are candidates for replacement by replacement operation-and-indicate instructions that perform the designated non-speculative operations and further perform an indication operation for indicating any exception conditions corresponding to special exception values present in vector register inputs to the replacement operation-and-indicate instructions. The replacement is performed and second code is generated based on the replacement of the at least one non-speculative instruction. The data processing system executing the compiled code is configured to store special exception values in vector output registers, in response to a speculative instruction generating an exception condition, without initiating exception handling.

Optically intraconnected computer employing dynamically reconfigurable holographic optical element

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Bergman, Larry A. (Inventor)

1992-01-01

An optically intraconnected computer and a reconfigurable holographic optical element employed therein. The basic computer comprises a memory for holding a sequence of instructions to be executed; logic for accessing the instructions in sequence; logic for determining for each the instruction the function to be performed and the effective address thereof; a plurality of individual elements on a common support substrate optimized to perform certain logical sequences employed in executing the instructions; and, element selection logic connected to the logic determining the function to be performed for each the instruction for determining the class of each function and for causing the instruction to be executed by those the elements which perform those associated the logical sequences affecting the instruction execution in an optimum manner. In the optically intraconnected version, the element selection logic is adapted for transmitting and switching signals to the elements optically.

How Explicit and Implicit Test Instructions in an Implicit Learning Task Affect Performance

PubMed Central

Witt, Arnaud; Puspitawati, Ira; Vinter, Annie

2013-01-01

Typically developing children aged 5 to 8 years were exposed to artificial grammar learning. Following an implicit exposure phase, half of the participants received neutral instructions at test while the other half received instructions making a direct, explicit reference to the training phase. We first aimed to assess whether implicit learning operated in the two test conditions. We then evaluated the differential impact of age on learning performances as a function of test instructions. The results showed that performance did not vary as a function of age in the implicit instructions condition, while age effects emerged when explicit instructions were employed at test. However, performance was affected differently by age and the instructions given at test, depending on whether the implicit learning of short or long units was assessed. These results suggest that the claim that the implicit learning process is independent of age needs to be revised. PMID:23326409

Why Inquiry? Primary Teachers' Objectives in Choosing Inquiry- and Context-Based Instructional Strategies to Stimulate Students' Science Learning

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Walan, Susanne; Nilsson, Pernilla; Ewen, Birgitta Mc

2017-10-01

Studies have shown that there is a need for pedagogical content knowledge among science teachers. This study investigates two primary teachers and their objectives in choosing inquiry- and context-based instructional strategies as well as the relation between the choice of instructional strategies and the teachers' knowledge about of students' understanding and intended learning outcomes. Content representations created by the teachers and students' experiences of the enacted teaching served as foundations for the teachers' reflections during interviews. Data from the interviews were analyzed in terms of the intended, enacted, and experienced purposes of the teaching and, finally, as the relation between intended, enacted, and experienced purposes. Students' experiences of the teaching were captured through a questionnaire, which was analyzed inductively, using content analysis. The results show that the teachers' intended teaching objectives were that students would learn about water. During the enacted teaching, it seemed as if the inquiry process was in focus and this was also how many of the students experienced the objectives of the activities. There was a gap between the intended and experienced objectives. Hardly any relation was found between the teachers' choice of instructional strategies and their knowledge about students' understanding, with the exception that the teacher who also added drama wanted to support her students' understanding of the states of water.

Instructional Efficiency of Tutoring in an Outreach Gene Technology Laboratory

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Scharfenberg, Franz-Josef; Bogner, Franz X.

2013-06-01

Our research objective focused on examining the instructional efficiency of tutoring as a form of instructional change as opposed to a non-tutoring approach in an outreach laboratory. We designed our laboratory based on cognitive load (CL) theory. Altogether, 269 twelfth-graders participated in our day-long module Genetic Fingerprinting. In a quasi-experimental design, the control group ( n = 121) followed the non-tutoring approach previously used, while the treatment group ( n = 148) followed the newly developed tutoring approach. Each tutor was in charge of two student work groups and recorded the tutoring activities requested by the tutees throughout the day. We measured the students' invested mental effort (as an index of CL), cognitive achievement (in a pre-post-follow-up design), and the students' cooperation in their work groups as well as calculated the student instructional involvement (as a motivational variable). Additionally, we examined which aspects of the hands-on phases were of particular relevance to the students' invested mental effort. Unexpectedly, the combined mental effort and cognitive achievement data indicated that our implemented tutoring approach resulted in a lower instructional efficiency despite the relevance of tutoring for students' mental effort invested during the experimental phases. Most of the tutor assistance was unnecessarily requested for performing the procedural steps and using the equipment. Our results indicate an assistance dilemma and consequently underscore the necessity for effective tutor preparation in outreach laboratories.

The ability of people with Parkinson's disease to modify dual-task performance in response to instructions during simple and complex walking tasks.

PubMed

Kelly, Valerie E; Shumway-Cook, Anne

2014-01-01

Gait impairments are a common and consequential motor symptom in Parkinson's disease (PD). A cognitive strategy that incorporates instructions to concentrate on specific parameters of walking is an effective approach to gait rehabilitation for persons with PD during single-task and simple dual-task walking conditions. This study examined the ability to modify dual-task walking in response to instructions during a complex walking task in people with PD compared to healthy older adults (HOA). Eleven people with PD and twelve HOA performed a cognitive task while walking with either a usual base or a narrow base of support. Dual-task walking and cognitive task performance were characterized under two conditions-when participants were instructed focus on walking and when they were instructed to focus on the cognitive task. During both usual base and narrow base walking, instructions affected cognitive task response latency, with slower performance when instructed to focus on walking compared to the cognitive task. Regardless of task or instructions, cognitive task performance was slower in participants with PD compared to HOA. During usual base walking, instructions influenced gait speed for both people with PD and HOA, with faster gait speed when instructed to focus on walking compared to the cognitive task. In contrast, during the narrow base walking, instructions affected gait speed only for HOA, but not for people with PD. This suggests that among people with PD the ability to modify walking in response to instructions depends on the complexity of the walking task.

Roles of Working Memory Performance and Instructional Strategy in Complex Cognitive Task Performance

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Cevik, V.; Altun, A.

2016-01-01

This study aims to investigate how working memory (WM) performances and instructional strategy choices affect learners' complex cognitive task performance in online environments. Three different e-learning environments were designed based on Merrill's (2006a) model of instructional strategies. The lack of experimental research on his framework is…

Some decks are better than others: the effect of reinforcer type and task instructions on learning in the Iowa Gambling Task.

PubMed

Fernie, Gordon; Tunney, Richard J

2006-02-01

The Iowa Gambling Task (Bechara, Damasio, Damasio, & Anderson, 1994) has become widely used as a laboratory test of "real-life" decision-making. However, aspects of its administration that have been varied by researchers may differentially affect performance and the conclusions researchers can draw. Some researchers have used facsimile money reinforcers while others have used real money reinforcers. More importantly, the instructions participants receive have also been varied. While no differences have been reported in performance dependent on reinforcer type, no previous comparison of participants' instructions has been conducted. This is despite one set of instructions giving participants a clear hint about the nature of the task. Additionally, in previous research one set of instructions have not been used exclusively with one reinforcer type making any differential or cumulative effects of these factors difficult to interpret. The present study compared the effects of instruction and reinforcer type on IGT performance. When participants received instructions without a hint performance was affected by reinforcer type. This was not the case when the instructions included a hint. In a second IGT session performance was improved in participants who had received the hint instructions compared with those who had not.

Designing and Evaluating an Interactive Multimedia Web-Based Simulation for Developing Nurses’ Competencies in Acute Nursing Care: Randomized Controlled Trial

PubMed Central

Wong, Lai Fun; Chan, Sally Wai-Chi; Ho, Jasmine Tze Yin; Mordiffi, Siti Zubaidah; Ang, Sophia Bee Leng; Goh, Poh Sun; Ang, Emily Neo Kim

2015-01-01

Background Web-based learning is becoming an increasingly important instructional tool in nursing education. Multimedia advancements offer the potential for creating authentic nursing activities for developing nursing competency in clinical practice. Objective This study aims to describe the design, development, and evaluation of an interactive multimedia Web-based simulation for developing nurses’ competencies in acute nursing care. Methods Authentic nursing activities were developed in a Web-based simulation using a variety of instructional strategies including animation video, multimedia instructional material, virtual patients, and online quizzes. A randomized controlled study was conducted on 67 registered nurses who were recruited from the general ward units of an acute care tertiary hospital. Following a baseline evaluation of all participants’ clinical performance in a simulated clinical setting, the experimental group received 3 hours of Web-based simulation and completed a survey to evaluate their perceptions of the program. All participants were re-tested for their clinical performances using a validated tool. Results The clinical performance posttest scores of the experimental group improved significantly (P<.001) from the pretest scores after the Web-based simulation. In addition, compared to the control group, the experimental group had significantly higher clinical performance posttest scores (P<.001) after controlling the pretest scores. The participants from the experimental group were satisfied with their learning experience and gave positive ratings for the quality of the Web-based simulation. Themes emerging from the comments about the most valuable aspects of the Web-based simulation include relevance to practice, instructional strategies, and fostering problem solving. Conclusions Engaging in authentic nursing activities using interactive multimedia Web-based simulation can enhance nurses’ competencies in acute care. Web-based simulations provide a promising educational tool in institutions where large groups of nurses need to be trained in acute nursing care and accessibility to repetitive training is essential for achieving long-term retention of clinical competency. PMID:25583029

Effect of Acoustic Spectrographic Instruction on Production of English /i/ and /I/ by Spanish Pre-Service English Teachers

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Quintana-Lara, Marcela

2014-01-01

This study investigates the effects of Acoustic Spectrographic Instruction on the production of the English phonological contrast /i/ and / I /. Acoustic Spectrographic Instruction is based on the assumption that physical representations of speech sounds and spectrography allow learners to objectively see and modify those non-accurate features in…

To Develop and Test Improved Procedures for the Development and Distribution of Quality Individualized Mediated Instructional Materials in Vocational Education. Final Report.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

State Fair Community Coll., Sedalia, MO.

Five objectives are reported for a project to develop and test effective procedures for designing, field testing, reproducing, and disseminating individualized mediated instructional materials: (1) improvement of teacher input, (2) development of individualized instruction modules, (3) development of methodology for evaluating the effectiveness of…

Learner-Centered Instruction (LCI). Volume 3. Plan of Instruction.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Pieper, William J.; And Others

A plan of instruction (POI) is presented for an experimental course to train flight line weapon control systems technicians for the F-111A. The POI is based on the job behavioral description of this technician's job prepared earlier. The two basic decisions establishing the character of the POI are the overall objective of producing graduates…

How to Help Students Conceptualize the Rigorous Definition of the Limit of a Sequence

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Roh, Kyeong Hah

2010-01-01

This article suggests an activity, called the epsilon-strip activity, as an instructional method for conceptualization of the rigorous definition of the limit of a sequence via visualization. The article also describes the learning objectives of each instructional step of the activity, and then provides detailed instructional methods to guide…

Exploring In-Service Teachers' Perceptions on Values-Based Water Education via Interactive Instructional Strategies that Enhance Meaningful Learning

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Thoe, Ng Khar

2007-01-01

Instructional strategies determine the approaches an educator may take to achieve learning objectives. Research has shown that sets of strategies or instructional models anchored on social constructivist learning theories were found to be effective in enhancing active participation. It is particularly influential and meaningful in many areas of…

DLI-IBM Joint Feasibility Study in Computer-Assisted Foreign Language Instruction. Final Report.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Adams, Edward N.; Rosenbaum, Peter S.

This document is the final report on a study of the use of computer assisted instruction (CAI). The objective of the study was to evaluate the potential applicability and usefulness of CAI in the instructional environment of the Defense Language Institute (DLI). The operational phases of the study were implemented in the Russian Aural…

Encoding of Others' Beliefs without Overt Instruction

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Cohen, Adam S.; German, Tamsin C.

2009-01-01

Under what conditions do people automatically encode and track the mental states of others? A recent investigation showed that when subjects are instructed to track the location of an object but are not instructed to track a belief about that location in a non-verbal false-belief task, they respond more slowly to questions about an agent's belief,…

Course Modularization Applied: The Interface System and Its Implications For Sequence Control and Data Analysis.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Schneider, E. W.

The Interface System is a comprehensive method for developing and managing computer-assisted instructional courses or computer-managed instructional courses composed of sets of instructional modules. Each module is defined by one or more behavioral objectives and by a list of prerequisite modules that must be completed successfully before the…

The Professional Association Looks at its Role in Instruction. A Conference Report. (April 2-4, 1970).

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

National Education Association, Washington, DC.

The report of the April 1970 NEA Conference on the teaching profession and instructional improvement focuses on the need for the professional association to become increasingly involved in the improvement of teaching and the curriculum. The conference objectives were 1) to identify the association's role in curriculum, instruction, and personnel…

Applying Cognitive Load Theory Principles to Library Instructional Guidance

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Pickens, Kathleen E.

2017-01-01

If the goal of library instructional guidance is to provide students with the knowledge needed to acquire new skills in order to accomplish their learning objectives, then it is prudent to consider factors that impact learning. Cognitive load theory addresses several of these factors and is applicable to a wide-range of instructional devices used…

Cost Estimates by Program Mechanism, Appendix K. Vol. II, A Plan for Managing the Development, Implementation and Operation of a Model Elementary Teacher Education Program.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Cole, R. D.; Hamreus, D. G.

This appendix presents the following tables of program component cost estimates: 1) instructional design and development; 2) instructional operations; 3) program management--policy creation and adoption, and policy and program execution; 4) program coordination--instructional objectives, adaptation, accommodation, and dissemination; 5) general…

Preparation for Instruction. A Module of Instruction in Teacher Education. Prepared for Project RAFT.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Handley, Herbert M., Ed.

This module, developed by the Research Applications for Teaching (RAFT) project, was written to assist students to write lesson plans that are effective and interactive. Students are given directions for the preparation of behavioral objectives and for the selection of appropriate instructional methodologies to meet the widely varying needs of…

Exploring the Amount and Type of Writing Instruction during Language Arts Instruction in Kindergarten Classrooms

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Puranik, Cynthia S.; Al Otaiba, Stephanie; Sidler, Jessica Folsom; Greulich, Luana

2014-01-01

The objective of this exploratory investigation was to examine the nature of writing instruction in kindergarten classrooms and to describe student writing outcomes at the end of the school year. Participants for this study included 21 teachers and 238 kindergarten children from nine schools. Classroom teachers were videotaped once each in the…

Real-time particle tracking for studying intracellular trafficking of pharmaceutical nanocarriers.

PubMed

Huang, Feiran; Watson, Erin; Dempsey, Christopher; Suh, Junghae

2013-01-01

Real-time particle tracking is a technique that combines fluorescence microscopy with object tracking and computing and can be used to extract quantitative transport parameters for small particles inside cells. Since the success of a nanocarrier can often be determined by how effectively it delivers cargo to the target organelle, understanding the complex intracellular transport of pharmaceutical nanocarriers is critical. Real-time particle tracking provides insight into the dynamics of the intracellular behavior of nanoparticles, which may lead to significant improvements in the design and development of novel delivery systems. Unfortunately, this technique is not often fully understood, limiting its implementation by researchers in the field of nanomedicine. In this chapter, one of the most complicated aspects of particle tracking, the mean square displacement (MSD) calculation, is explained in a simple manner designed for the novice particle tracker. Pseudo code for performing the MSD calculation in MATLAB is also provided. This chapter contains clear and comprehensive instructions for a series of basic procedures in the technique of particle tracking. Instructions for performing confocal microscopy of nanoparticle samples are provided, and two methods of determining particle trajectories that do not require commercial particle-tracking software are provided. Trajectory analysis and determination of the tracking resolution are also explained. By providing comprehensive instructions needed to perform particle-tracking experiments, this chapter will enable researchers to gain new insight into the intracellular dynamics of nanocarriers, potentially leading to the development of more effective and intelligent therapeutic delivery vectors.

Collaboration Mechanism for Equipment Instruction of Multiple Energy Systems

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wang, Dong; Wang, Tuo; Wang, Qi; Zhang, Zhao; Zhao, Mingyu; Wang, Yinghui

2018-01-01

When multiple energy systems execute optimization instructions simultaneously, and the same equipment is Shared, the instruction conflict may occur. Aiming at the above problems, taking into account the control objectives of each system, the characteristics of different systems, such as comprehensive clean energy, energy efficiency, and peak filling, etc., designed the instruction coordination mechanism for the daemon. This mechanism mainly acts on the main station of the system, and form a final optimization instruction. For some specific scenarios, the collaboration mechanism of unlocking the terminal is supplemented. The mechanism determines the specific execution instructions based on the arrival time of the instruction. Finally, the experiment in Tianjin eco-city shows that this algorithm can meet the instruction and collaboration requirements of multi-energy systems, and ensure the safe operation of the equipment.

Resting-State fMRI Activity Predicts Unsupervised Learning and Memory in an Immersive Virtual Reality Environment

PubMed Central

Wong, Chi Wah; Olafsson, Valur; Plank, Markus; Snider, Joseph; Halgren, Eric; Poizner, Howard; Liu, Thomas T.

2014-01-01

In the real world, learning often proceeds in an unsupervised manner without explicit instructions or feedback. In this study, we employed an experimental paradigm in which subjects explored an immersive virtual reality environment on each of two days. On day 1, subjects implicitly learned the location of 39 objects in an unsupervised fashion. On day 2, the locations of some of the objects were changed, and object location recall performance was assessed and found to vary across subjects. As prior work had shown that functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) measures of resting-state brain activity can predict various measures of brain performance across individuals, we examined whether resting-state fMRI measures could be used to predict object location recall performance. We found a significant correlation between performance and the variability of the resting-state fMRI signal in the basal ganglia, hippocampus, amygdala, thalamus, insula, and regions in the frontal and temporal lobes, regions important for spatial exploration, learning, memory, and decision making. In addition, performance was significantly correlated with resting-state fMRI connectivity between the left caudate and the right fusiform gyrus, lateral occipital complex, and superior temporal gyrus. Given the basal ganglia's role in exploration, these findings suggest that tighter integration of the brain systems responsible for exploration and visuospatial processing may be critical for learning in a complex environment. PMID:25286145

A Comparison of Student Academic Performance with Traditional, Online, and Flipped Instructional Approaches in a C# Programming Course

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Sharp, Jason H.; Sharp, Laurie A.

2017-01-01

Aim/Purpose: Compared student academic performance on specific course requirements in a C# programming course across three instructional approaches: traditional, online, and flipped. Background: Addressed the following research question--When compared to the online and traditional instructional approaches, does the flipped instructional approach…

Teachers' Guide For Aviation Education.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Aviation/Space, 1979

1979-01-01

This teacher's guide outlines the objectives, instructional procedures, student activities, and expected outcomes of an instructional unit on careers in aviation, designed for fifth and sixth grade students. It emphasizes aerospace activities and job opportunities in aviation. (GA)

The Impact of Supplemental Instruction on Learning Competence and Academic Performance

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ning, Hoi Kwan; Downing, Kevin

2010-01-01

This study investigated the effects of supplemental instruction, a peer-assisted learning approach, on students, learning competence and academic performance. The supplemental instruction intervention facilitated by senior students focused on developing students' use of study skills and enhancing their motivation and academic performance. Pre- and…

A Low-Power Instruction Issue Queue for Microprocessors

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Watanabe, Shingo; Chiyonobu, Akihiro; Sato, Toshinori

Instruction issue queue is a key component which extracts instruction level parallelism (ILP) in modern out-of-order microprocessors. In order to exploit ILP for improving processor performance, instruction queue size should be increased. However, it is difficult to increase the size, since instruction queue is implemented by a content addressable memory (CAM) whose power and delay are much large. This paper introduces a low power and scalable instruction queue that replaces the CAM with a RAM. In this queue, instructions are explicitly woken up. Evaluation results show that the proposed instruction queue decreases processor performance by only 1.9% on average. Furthermore, the total energy consumption is reduced by 54% on average.

A Home for Pearl. A Videotape Series about Wildlife Habitat for Elementary Students. Instructional Guide.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lambeth, Ellen; Westervelt, Miriam O.

This instructional guide (accompanied by a video) teaches children from ages 6 to 12 about wildlife habitats. The instructional guide is divided into four parts and consists of supplementary activities to enhance the video. Each section of the guide provides an overview, objectives, story summary, key words in the video, discussion questions,…

Criteria for the Establishment and Maintenance of Two Year Post High School Wastewater Technology Training Programs. Trainee Workbooks.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Clemson Univ., SC. Dept. of Environmental Systems Engineering.

This document is one in a series which may be used in establishing a two year post secondary wastewater technology training program. The workbook provides the objectives of instruction; a means of standardizing instruction and evaluation; and approaches to instruction to maximize trainee involvement and retention. The guidelines are designed to…

The Teaching of Complementary and Alternative Medicine in U.S. Medical Schools: A Survey of Course Directors.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Brokaw, James J.; Tunnicliff, Godfrey; Raess, Beat U.; Saxon, Dale W.

2002-01-01

Surveyed medical schools to gauge the current state of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) instruction by gathering details about the specific topics being taught and the objectives behind the instruction. Found that a wide variety of topics are being taught under the umbrella of CAM; for the most part, the instruction appears to be…

Richardson Instructional Management System (RIMS). How to Blend a Computerized Objectives-Referenced Testing System, Distributive Data Processing, and Systemwide Evaluation.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Riegel, N. Blyth

Recent changes in the structure of curriculum and the instructional system in Texas have required a major reorganization of teaching, evaluating, budgeting, and planning activities in the local education agencies, which has created the need for a database. The history of Richardson Instructional Management System (RIMS), its data processing…

The Common Core State Standards and the Role of Instructional Materials: A Case Study on EdReports.org

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Watt, Michael G.

2016-01-01

The purpose of this study was to review research studies investigating the role of instructional materials in relation to the Common Core State Standards and to evaluate whether a new organisation, EdReports.org, founded to evaluate the alignment of instructional materials to the Common Core State Standards, has achieved its objectives. Content…

A Computer-Based Instructional Support Network: Design, Development, and Evaluation

DTIC Science & Technology

1990-09-01

mail systems, the ISN would be relatively easy to learn and use. Survey Related Projects A literature review was conducted using the Manpower and... the impact of the ISN upon student attrition, performance, and attitudes . The context of the evaluation was a sequence of NPS Continuing Education (CE...waiLed for the subject to complete the task alone. Process Measures The following forms of process data ( relating to evaluation objectives I and 2) were

Effect of metaphorical verbal instruction on modeling of sequential dance skills by young children.

PubMed

Sawada, Misako; Mori, Shiro; Ishii, Motonobu

2002-12-01

Metaphorical verbal instruction was compared to specific verbal instruction about movement in the modeling of sequential dance skills by young children. Two groups of participants (Younger, mean age 5:3 yr., n = 30: Older, mean age 6:2 yr., n = 30) were randomly assigned to conditions in a 2 (sex) x 2 (age [Younger and Older]) x 3 (verbal instruction [Metaphorical, Movement-relevant, and None]) factorial design. Order scores were calculated for both performance and recognition tests, comprising five acquisition trials and two retention trials after 24 hr., respectively. Analysis of variance indicated that the group given metaphorical instruction performed better than the other two instructions for both younger and older children. The results suggest that metaphorical verbal instruction aids the recognition and performance of sequential dance skills in young children.

Creating Critical Objectives and Assessments Using a Critical Communication Pedagogical Framework

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kahl, David H., Jr.

2018-01-01

Courses: Instructional Communication, Graduate Teaching Assistant Training Programs. Objectives: Students will (1) understand critical communication pedagogy (CCP); (2) evaluate traditional and critical objectives and assessment procedures; and (3) create critical objectives and assessment procedures.

Instructional practices and science performance of 10 top-performing regions in PISA 2015

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lau, Kwok-chi; Lam, Terence Yuk-ping

2017-10-01

This study analysed 10 top-performing regions in PISA 2015 on their science performances and instructional practices. The regions include Singapore, Japan, Estonia, Taipei, Finland, Macao, Canada, Hong Kong, China and Korea. The science performances of the 10 regions and their teaching practices are described and compared. The construct of enquiry-based instruction as developed in PISA 2015 is revised into two new constructs using factor analysis. Then, the relationships of the teaching practices with science performance are analysed using hierarchical linear modelling. Adaptive instruction, teacher-directed instruction and interactive application are found positively associated with performance in all regions, while investigation and perceived feedback are all negative. The regions except Japan and Korea tend to have a high frequency of teacher-directed instruction facilitated by more or less authoritative class discussion in class. A fair amount of practical work is done, but not many of them are investigations. The cultural influences on teaching practices are discussed on how an amalgam of didactic and constructivist pedagogy is created by the Western progressive educational philosophy meeting the Confucian culture. The reasons for investigation's negative association with performance are also explored.

Diesel Engine Mechanics.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Foutes, William A.

Written in student performance terms, this curriculum guide on diesel engine repair is divided into the following eight sections: an orientation to the occupational field and instructional program; instruction in operating principles; instruction in engine components; instruction in auxiliary systems; instruction in fuel systems; instruction in…

A novel collaborative e-learning platform for medical students - ALERT STUDENT

PubMed Central

2014-01-01

Background The increasing complexity of medical curricula would benefit from adaptive computer supported collaborative learning systems that support study management using instructional design and learning object principles. However, to our knowledge, there are scarce reports regarding applications developed to meet this goal and encompass the complete medical curriculum. The aim of ths study was to develop and assess the usability of an adaptive computer supported collaborative learning system for medical students to manage study sessions. Results A study platform named ALERT STUDENT was built as a free web application. Content chunks are represented as Flashcards that hold knowledge and open ended questions. These can be created in a collaborative fashion. Multiple Flashcards can be combined into custom stacks called Notebooks that can be accessed in study Groups that belong to the user institution. The system provides a Study Mode that features text markers, text notes, timers and color-coded content prioritization based on self-assessment of open ended questions presented in a Quiz Mode. Time spent studying and Perception of knowledge are displayed for each student and peers using charts. Computer supported collaborative learning is achieved by allowing for simultaneous creation of Notebooks and self-assessment questions by many users in a pre-defined Group. Past personal performance data is retrieved when studying new Notebooks containing previously studied Flashcards. Self-report surveys showed that students highly agreed that the system was useful and were willing to use it as a reference tool. Conclusions The platform employs various instructional design and learning object principles in a computer supported collaborative learning platform for medical students that allows for study management. The application broadens student insight over learning results and supports informed decisions based on past learning performance. It serves as a potential educational model for the medical education setting that has gathered strong positive feedback from students at our school. This platform provides a case study on how effective blending of instructional design and learning object principles can be brought together to manage study, and takes an important step towards bringing information management tools to support study decisions and improving learning outcomes. PMID:25017028

A novel collaborative e-learning platform for medical students - ALERT STUDENT.

PubMed

Taveira-Gomes, Tiago; Saffarzadeh, Areo; Severo, Milton; Guimarães, M Jorge; Ferreira, Maria Amélia

2014-07-14

The increasing complexity of medical curricula would benefit from adaptive computer supported collaborative learning systems that support study management using instructional design and learning object principles. However, to our knowledge, there are scarce reports regarding applications developed to meet this goal and encompass the complete medical curriculum. The aim of ths study was to develop and assess the usability of an adaptive computer supported collaborative learning system for medical students to manage study sessions. A study platform named ALERT STUDENT was built as a free web application. Content chunks are represented as Flashcards that hold knowledge and open ended questions. These can be created in a collaborative fashion. Multiple Flashcards can be combined into custom stacks called Notebooks that can be accessed in study Groups that belong to the user institution. The system provides a Study Mode that features text markers, text notes, timers and color-coded content prioritization based on self-assessment of open ended questions presented in a Quiz Mode. Time spent studying and Perception of knowledge are displayed for each student and peers using charts. Computer supported collaborative learning is achieved by allowing for simultaneous creation of Notebooks and self-assessment questions by many users in a pre-defined Group. Past personal performance data is retrieved when studying new Notebooks containing previously studied Flashcards. Self-report surveys showed that students highly agreed that the system was useful and were willing to use it as a reference tool. The platform employs various instructional design and learning object principles in a computer supported collaborative learning platform for medical students that allows for study management. The application broadens student insight over learning results and supports informed decisions based on past learning performance. It serves as a potential educational model for the medical education setting that has gathered strong positive feedback from students at our school.This platform provides a case study on how effective blending of instructional design and learning object principles can be brought together to manage study, and takes an important step towards bringing information management tools to support study decisions and improving learning outcomes.

Applications of artificial intelligence to space station and automated software techniques: High level robot command language

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Mckee, James W.

1989-01-01

The objective is to develop a system that will allow a person not necessarily skilled in the art of programming robots to quickly and naturally create the necessary data and commands to enable a robot to perform a desired task. The system will use a menu driven graphical user interface. This interface will allow the user to input data to select objects to be moved. There will be an imbedded expert system to process the knowledge about objects and the robot to determine how they are to be moved. There will be automatic path planning to avoid obstacles in the work space and to create a near optimum path. The system will contain the software to generate the required robot instructions.

Performance-Based Assessment in an Online Course: Comparing Different Types of Information Literacy Instruction

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Mery, Yvonne; Newby, Jill; Peng, Ke

2012-01-01

This study investigates whether the type of instruction (a single face-to-face librarian-led instruction, instructor-led instruction, or an online IL course--the Online Research Lab) has an impact on student information literacy gains in a Freshman English Composition program. A performance-based assessment was carried out by analyzing…

The More, the Better? The Impact of Instructional Time on Student Performance

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Cattaneo, Maria A.; Oggenfuss, Chantal; Wolter, Stefan C.

2017-01-01

Building on earlier work that explored within-student variation in hours of instruction across school subjects, we investigate the impact of instruction time on student test scores in Switzerland, as measured by the PISA 2009 test. Our results confirm the results of previous studies of a positive effect of instruction time on student performance.…

Designing Printed Instructional Materials.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Burbank, Lucille; Pett, Dennis

1986-01-01

Discusses the importance of identifying the audience and determining specific objectives when designing printed instructional materials that will communicate effectively and provides detailed guidelines for dealing with such design factors as content, writing style, typography, illustrations, and page organization. (MBR)

The effects of timing of exposure to principles and procedural instruction specificity on learning an electrical troubleshooting skill.

PubMed

Eiriksdottir, Elsa; Catrambone, Richard

2015-12-01

Domain principles provided in task instructions are assumed to help performance as learners can later apply this knowledge when faced with new tasks. The goal of the research was to investigate whether the timing of the exposure to principles-studying the principles before or while completing training tasks-and the specificity in the accompanying step-by-step procedural instructions would influence learning to troubleshoot a simulated electrical circuit. The results of a pilot study suggested that timing of principle exposure and specificity might interact. This was investigated by comparing the performance of 4 groups of participants (n = 24) who received either general or detailed procedural instructions and were either exposed to the principles before or during the training. The results showed that studying the principles before training benefited test task performance when the procedural instructions were detailed but not when they were general. The results also showed that using general procedural instructions benefited test task performance while using detailed procedural instructions benefited training task performance. Overall the results reveal how the learning situation as a whole must be considered when determining the efficacy of instructional materials, and how conditions can be created where principles enhance learning. (c) 2015 APA, all rights reserved).

From Perception to Practice: The Impact of Teachers' Scoring Experience on Performance-based Instruction and Classroom Assessment

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Goldberg, Gail Lynn; Roswell, Barbara Sherr

2000-01-01

Studied the impact of experience scoring the Maryland School Performance Assessment tasks on teachers' instructional and classroom assessment practice. Interview data, questionnaires, classroom observation, and classroom artifacts from approximately 5 teacher-scorers demonstrated that teachers' appropriation of performance-based instruction may be…

Emotional Intelligence of Instructors and the Quality of Their Instructional Performance

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Dev, Smitha; Nair, Sreethi; Dwivedi, Anand

2016-01-01

Quality of instructional performance is the key skill needed for every teaching faculty for achieving the level of pedigree in the present educational scenario. However, the truth is that there are minimal studies to analyze the competency linking emotional intelligence to quality of instructional performance. Therefore the present attempt is to…

Accelerated development of object permanence in Down's syndrome infants.

PubMed

Pasnak, C F; Pasnak, R

1987-01-01

Six infants with Down's syndrome, aged 3-19 months, were taught to solve object permanence problems. The instruction took place in the infants' homes and in a child development centre, and was conducted both by parents and by a child psychologist. Object permanence tasks ranging over stages 3-6 of the sensorimotor period of intelligence were utilized in the intervention, which lasted for up to 8 months. The infants were able to progress rather rapidly on these tasks. When the instruction was terminated most had mastered multiple visible displacements, which index the fifth stage of sensorimotor intelligence.

Facilitating NASA's Use of GEIA-STD-0005-1, Performance Standard for Aerospace and High Performance Electronic Systems Containing Lead-Free Solder

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Plante, Jeannete

2010-01-01

GEIA-STD-0005-1 defines the objectives of, and requirements for, documenting processes that assure customers and regulatory agencies that AHP electronic systems containing lead-free solder, piece parts, and boards will satisfy the applicable requirements for performance, reliability, airworthiness, safety, and certify-ability throughout the specified life of performance. It communicates requirements for a Lead-Free Control Plan (LFCP) to assist suppliers in the development of their own Plans. The Plan documents the Plan Owner's (supplier's) processes, that assure their customer, and all other stakeholders that the Plan owner's products will continue to meet their requirements. The presentation reviews quality assurance requirements traceability and LFCP template instructions.

Numerical aerodynamic simulation facility. Preliminary study extension

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1978-01-01

The production of an optimized design of key elements of the candidate facility was the primary objective of this report. This was accomplished by effort in the following tasks: (1) to further develop, optimize and describe the function description of the custom hardware; (2) to delineate trade off areas between performance, reliability, availability, serviceability, and programmability; (3) to develop metrics and models for validation of the candidate systems performance; (4) to conduct a functional simulation of the system design; (5) to perform a reliability analysis of the system design; and (6) to develop the software specifications to include a user level high level programming language, a correspondence between the programming language and instruction set and outline the operation system requirements.

Best Practices for Use of Blended Learning

PubMed Central

Porter, Andrea L.; Pitterle, Michael E.

2017-01-01

Objective. To determine instructional best practice recommendations for use of blended learning from the students’ perspective. Methods. Three focus groups were created, one for each of the first three years at a school of pharmacy. The focus group discussions were audio recorded and transcribed for content analysis. Results. Ten instructional best practices were identified from the focus groups: setting the stage, consistency when team teaching, timeliness in posting materials, time on task, accountability for online activities, use of structured active learning, instructor use of feedback on student preparation, incorporation of student feedback into the course, short reviews of online material during class, and ensuring technologies are user friendly. Conclusion. Instructors using blended learning should consider incorporating these best practices into their course design and management. More evaluation is needed to see if implementation of these practices affects student performance. PMID:28496269

Best Practices for Use of Blended Learning.

PubMed

Margolis, Amanda R; Porter, Andrea L; Pitterle, Michael E

2017-04-01

Objective. To determine instructional best practice recommendations for use of blended learning from the students' perspective. Methods. Three focus groups were created, one for each of the first three years at a school of pharmacy. The focus group discussions were audio recorded and transcribed for content analysis. Results. Ten instructional best practices were identified from the focus groups: setting the stage, consistency when team teaching, timeliness in posting materials, time on task, accountability for online activities, use of structured active learning, instructor use of feedback on student preparation, incorporation of student feedback into the course, short reviews of online material during class, and ensuring technologies are user friendly. Conclusion. Instructors using blended learning should consider incorporating these best practices into their course design and management. More evaluation is needed to see if implementation of these practices affects student performance.

There are limits to the effects of task instructions: Making the automatic effects of task instructions context-specific takes practice.

PubMed

Braem, Senne; Liefooghe, Baptist; De Houwer, Jan; Brass, Marcel; Abrahamse, Elger L

2017-03-01

Unlike other animals, humans have the unique ability to share and use verbal instructions to prepare for upcoming tasks. Recent research showed that instructions are sufficient for the automatic, reflex-like activation of responses. However, systematic studies into the limits of these automatic effects of task instructions remain relatively scarce. In this study, the authors set out to investigate whether this instruction-based automatic activation of responses can be context-dependent. Specifically, participants performed a task of which the stimulus-response rules and context (location on the screen) could either coincide or not with those of an instructed to-be-performed task (whose instructions changed every run). In 2 experiments, the authors showed that the instructed task rules had an automatic impact on performance-performance was slowed down when the merely instructed task rules did not coincide, but, importantly, this effect was not context-dependent. Interestingly, a third and fourth experiment suggests that context dependency can actually be observed, but only when practicing the task in its appropriate context for over 60 trials or after a sufficient amount of practice on a fixed context (the context was the same for all instructed tasks). Together, these findings seem to suggest that instructions can establish stimulus-response representations that have a reflexive impact on behavior but are insensitive to the context in which the task is known to be valid. Instead, context-specific task representations seem to require practice. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2017 APA, all rights reserved).

Embedding Sustainability Instruction across Content Areas: best Classroom Practices from Informal Environmental Education

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Clary, R. M.; Walker, R. M.; Wissehr, C.

2017-12-01

Environmental education (EE) facilitates students' scientific and environmental literacy, and addresses content areas including sustainability, ecology, and civic responsibility. However, U.S. science content compartmentalization and EE's interdisciplinary nature historically made it a fragmented curriculum within U.S. schools. To gain a better understanding of effective EE instruction that can be transferred to traditional K-12 classrooms, we researched the interactions between a recognized environmental residential camp and students and teachers from six participating schools using grounded theory methodology. Our research identified the residential learning center's objectives, methods of instruction, and objectives' alignment to the delivered curricula. Data generated included lesson plans, survey responses, and interviews. Students (n = 215) identified wilderness and geology activities as the activities they wanted to experience more; they also identified developing curiosity and a sense of discovery as the most meaningful. Whereas most student-identified meaningful experiences aligned with the center's curricular objectives within the optional units, categories emerged that were not explicitly targeted in the unit activities but were embedded throughout the curriculum in sustainable practices, data collection, and reflections. We propose that embedded activities and implicit instruction can be included across content areas within K-12 classrooms. Teacher modeling and implicit instruction will require minimal classroom time, and facilitate students' scientific and environmental literacy in topics such as sustainability and citizen responsibility.

Functional interplay of top-down attention with affective codes during visual short-term memory maintenance.

PubMed

Kuo, Bo-Cheng; Lin, Szu-Hung; Yeh, Yei-Yu

2018-06-01

Visual short-term memory (VSTM) allows individuals to briefly maintain information over time for guiding behaviours. Because the contents of VSTM can be neutral or emotional, top-down influence in VSTM may vary with the affective codes of maintained representations. Here we investigated the neural mechanisms underlying the functional interplay of top-down attention with affective codes in VSTM using functional magnetic resonance imaging. Participants were instructed to remember both threatening and neutral objects in a cued VSTM task. Retrospective cues (retro-cues) were presented to direct attention to the hemifield of a threatening object (i.e., cue-to-threat) or a neutral object (i.e., cue-to-neutral) during VSTM maintenance. We showed stronger activity in the ventral occipitotemporal cortex and amygdala for attending threatening relative to neutral representations. Using multivoxel pattern analysis, we found better classification performance for cue-to-threat versus cue-to-neutral objects in early visual areas and in the amygdala. Importantly, retro-cues modulated the strength of functional connectivity between the frontoparietal and early visual areas. Activity in the frontoparietal areas became strongly correlated with the activity in V3a-V4 coding the threatening representations instructed to be relevant for the task. Together, these findings provide the first demonstration of top-down modulation of activation patterns in early visual areas and functional connectivity between the frontoparietal network and early visual areas for regulating threatening representations during VSTM maintenance. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Impact of supplemental instruction leader on the success of supplemental instruction model

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mahabaduge, Hasitha; Haslam, Jeanne

Supplemental instruction utilizes peer-assisted study sessions to provide review sessions on course material and an opportunity to discuss and work out problems. The impact of supplemental instruction on student performance is well researched and used in a large number of universities around the world due to its proven success. However, the impact of the student leader who plays a significant role in this model is rarely discussed in the literature. We present a case study on the impact of student leader on the success of supplemental instruction model. This case study was done for an Introductory Physics course correlating student performance and the supplemental instruction sessions they attended. Further analysis revealed that the academic performance and work ethics of the student leader has a significant impact on the success of the supplemental instruction model. Important factors to consider when selecting a student leader, the challenges and possible remedies will also be discussed.

Does Focus of Attention Improve Snatch Lift Kinematics?

PubMed

Schutts, Kyle S; Wu, Will F W; Vidal, Anthony D; Hiegel, Jamie; Becker, James

2017-10-01

Recent motor control literature has demonstrated that using verbal instructions to direct a performer's attention externally (i.e., toward the movement outcome) enhances motor skill performance. The purpose of this study was to investigate how an athlete's focus of attention impacts kinematic performance of the snatch. Using a counterbalanced within-participant design, 12 competitively trained athletes (8 male and 4 female athletes) performed 2 instructional blocks of 3 snatch repetitions at 80% of their most recent training 1 repetition maximum. Blocks of internal and external instructions were given to the athlete in a random fashion. Results showed that, when focusing internally, athletes significantly (p ≤ 0.05) increased elbow velocity relative to focusing externally, whereas the external instructions significantly increased horizontal barbell velocity, relative to internal instructions. Additionally, an internal focus resulted in significantly larger barbell-cervical-hip angles at maximum height of the barbell compared with an external focus, indicating that the athletes squatted under the barbell too soon. This information adds to the literature suggesting small changes in coaching instructions can impact performance significantly. It is recommended that coaches use instructions that direct an athlete's attention externally, toward the movement outcome, rather than the action itself.

Can verbal instruction enhance the recall of an everyday task and promote error-monitoring in people with dementia of the Alzheimer-type?

PubMed

Balouch, Sara; Rusted, Jennifer M

2017-03-01

People with dementia of the Alzheimer-type (DAT) have difficulties with performing everyday tasks, and error awareness is poor. Here we investigate whether recall of actions and error monitoring in everyday task performance improved when they instructed another person on how to make tea. In this situation, both visual and motor cues are present, and attention is sustained by the requirement to keep instructing. The data were drawn from a longitudinal study recording performance in four participants with DAT, filmed regularly for five years in their own homes, completing three tea-making conditions: performed-recall (they made tea themselves); instructed-recall (they instructed the experimenter on how to make tea); and verbal-recall (they described how to make tea). Accomplishment scores (percentage of task they correctly recalled), errors and error-monitoring were coded. Task accomplishment was comparable in the performed-recall and instructed-recall conditions, but both were significantly better than task accomplishment in the verbal-recall condition. Third person instruction did not improve error-monitoring. This study has implications for everyday task rehabilitation for people with DAT.

The Impact of Classroom Performance System-Based Instruction with Peer Instruction upon Student Achievement and Motivation in Eighth Grade Math Students

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Allison, Tracy Michelle Hunter

2012-01-01

The researcher employed two designs to address the research question for this particular study. This quasi-experimental non-equivalent control group study compared the math achievement of 92 eighth grade students who received Classroom Performance System (CPS)-based instruction using Peer Instruction (PI) to 76 eighth grade students who received…

An Investigation of the Impact of Instructional Fading Using Completion Problems on Student Performance in Principles of Accounting Instruction

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kingry, Mary Ann

2012-01-01

The effects of instructional fading using completion problems on student performance were investigated in this study. Instructional fading is the gradual withdrawal of the amount of assistance provided to the student and was accomplished in this study using completion problems. They were used to gradually transition the student from completely…

The Modification of Educational Equipment and Curriculum for Maximum Utilization by Physically Disabled Persons; Curriculum and Instructional Techniques for Physically Disabled Students. Human Resources Study Number 12.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Nemarich, Samuel P.; Velleman, Ruth A.

Designed to suggest solutions to problems of curricula and instructional techniques for physically disabled children, the text considers the nature of the child and discusses these aspects of curriculum and methods: definitions and objectives; teachers and administrators; time requirements and enrichment; grouping; reading instruction; testing,…

Training Technology Handbook Development. Phase I. Annotated Literature Review.

DTIC Science & Technology

1981-08-01

chief means for currently influencing the students , learning is through the sequencing of instruction . Use of the findings, models, and theories from...determine what aspects of the learning experience might influence student attitudes toward computer-assisted instruction (CAI). Sixty-four randomly...learners seem to learn most efficiently when left alone with the instructional objective and the necessary materials. The middle aptitude trainees appear to

Technology, the Columbus Effect, and the Third Revolution in Learning

DTIC Science & Technology

2001-03-01

comprehension-fostering and comprehension-monitoring activities. Cognition and Instruction , 1, 117–-175. Rogoff, B. (1990). Apprenticeship in thinking ...elementary school mathematics (Suppes, Fletcher, and Zanotti, 1975). Instructional approaches used in these early programs required computers that cost $2–3...supported by considerations of pace: the speed with which students learn material and reach instructional objectives. Easily adjusted pacing is a

Sport Education and Direct Instruction Units: Comparison of Student Knowledge Development in Athletics.

PubMed

Pereira, José; Araújo, Rui; Farias, Cláudio; Bessa, Cristiana; Mesquita, Isabel

2016-12-01

This study conducted a comparative analysis of students' knowledge development on athletics in Sport Education and in a Direct Instruction unit taking into account sex and initial skill level. The participants were an experienced Physical Education teacher and two sixth-grade classes totaling 47 students (25 boys and 22 girls). Each class was randomly placed in either Sport Education or Direct Instruction classes and participated in 20, 45-minutes lessons focused on shot put, hurdles and triple jump. Knowledge on athletics was assessed through a 25-items written and video-based test. The inter-group differences and improvements across time in the knowledge test were analyzed through the Mann-Whitney and Wilcoxon tests, respectively. There were significant knowledge improvements in both instructional approaches irrespective of students' gender and skill level. In Direct Instruction, the type of task organization, the high rates of repetition of movement patterns and feedback by the teacher were beneficial to student learning. In Sport Education, the autonomy granted to students in the control of the pace of task transitions by making on-going judgments on achievement of performance criteria, implicated students affectively and cognitively with the learning content. It was further supported that several models and teaching strategies should be taken into consideration when teaching Physical Education. Different approaches should be perceived as alternatives and teachers should retain the best in each according with the moment in the unit, student developmental stage, and the specific learning objectives in the task.

Measurement of cognitive performance in computer programming concept acquisition: interactive effects of visual metaphors and the cognitive style construct.

PubMed

McKay, E

2000-01-01

An innovative research program was devised to investigate the interactive effect of instructional strategies enhanced with text-plus-textual metaphors or text-plus-graphical metaphors, and cognitive style on the acquisition of programming concepts. The Cognitive Styles Analysis (CSA) program (Riding,1991) was used to establish the participants' cognitive style. The QUEST Interactive Test Analysis System (Adams and Khoo,1996) provided the cognitive performance measuring tool, which ensured an absence of error measurement in the programming knowledge testing instruments. Therefore, reliability of the instrumentation was assured through the calibration techniques utilized by the QUEST estimate; providing predictability of the research design. A means analysis of the QUEST data, using the Cohen (1977) approach to size effect and statistical power further quantified the significance of the findings. The experimental methodology adopted for this research links the disciplines of instructional science, cognitive psychology, and objective measurement to provide reliable mechanisms for beneficial use in the evaluation of cognitive performance by the education, training and development sectors. Furthermore, the research outcomes will be of interest to educators, cognitive psychologists, communications engineers, and computer scientists specializing in computer-human interactions.

Comparing the cognitive differences resulting from modeling instruction: Using computer microworld and physical object instruction to model real world problems

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Oursland, Mark David

This study compared the modeling achievement of students receiving mathematical modeling instruction using the computer microworld, Interactive Physics, and students receiving instruction using physical objects. Modeling instruction included activities where students applied the (a) linear model to a variety of situations, (b) linear model to two-rate situations with a constant rate, (c) quadratic model to familiar geometric figures. Both quantitative and qualitative methods were used to analyze achievement differences between students (a) receiving different methods of modeling instruction, (b) with different levels of beginning modeling ability, or (c) with different levels of computer literacy. Student achievement was analyzed quantitatively through a three-factor analysis of variance where modeling instruction, beginning modeling ability, and computer literacy were used as the three independent factors. The SOLO (Structure of the Observed Learning Outcome) assessment framework was used to design written modeling assessment instruments to measure the students' modeling achievement. The same three independent factors were used to collect and analyze the interviews and observations of student behaviors. Both methods of modeling instruction used the data analysis approach to mathematical modeling. The instructional lessons presented problem situations where students were asked to collect data, analyze the data, write a symbolic mathematical equation, and use equation to solve the problem. The researcher recommends the following practice for modeling instruction based on the conclusions of this study. A variety of activities with a common structure are needed to make explicit the modeling process of applying a standard mathematical model. The modeling process is influenced strongly by prior knowledge of the problem context and previous modeling experiences. The conclusions of this study imply that knowledge of the properties about squares improved the students' ability to model a geometric problem more than instruction in data analysis modeling. The uses of computer microworlds such as Interactive Physics in conjunction with cooperative groups are a viable method of modeling instruction.

Influence of learning style on instructional multimedia effects on graduate student cognitive and psychomotor performance.

PubMed

Smith, A Russell; Cavanaugh, Catherine; Jones, Joyce; Venn, John; Wilson, William

2006-01-01

Learning outcomes may improve in graduate healthcare students when attention is given to individual learning styles. Interactive multimedia is one tool shown to increase success in meeting the needs of diverse learners. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of learning style and type of instruction on physical therapy students' cognitive and psychomotor performance. Participants were obtained by a sample of convenience with students recruited from two physical therapy programs. Twenty-seven students volunteered to participate from Program 1. Twenty-three students volunteered to participate from Program 2. Gregorc learning styles were identified through completion of the Gregorc Style Delineator. Students were randomly assigned to one of two instructional strategies: 1) instructional CD or 2) live demonstration. Differences in cognitive or psychomotor performance following instructional multimedia based on learning style were not demonstrated in this study. Written examination scores improved with both instructional strategies demonstrating no differences between the strategies. Practical examination ankle scores were significantly higher in participants receiving CD instruction than in participants receiving live presentation. Learning style did not significantly affect this improvement. Program 2 performed significantly better on written knee and practical knee and ankle examinations. Learning style had no significant effect on student performance following instruction in clinical skills via interactive multimedia. Future research may include additional measurement instruments assessing other models of learning styles and possible interaction of learning style and instructional strategy on students over longer periods of time, such as a semester or an entire curriculum.

Comparative Effectiveness of Animated Drawings and Selected Instructional Strategies on Students' Performance in Creative Arts in Nigeria

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Olugbenga, Aiyedun Emmanuel

2016-01-01

Creative Arts is a core and compulsory subject in Nigerian upper basic classes, but the students' performance over the years indicated high failure. Instructional strategies play a pivotal role in improving students' performance. Computer-based instructions such as animated drawings could be a possible solution. This research adopted the design…

Assessment without Testing: Using Performance Measures Embedded in a Technology-Based Instructional Program as Indicators of Reading Ability

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Mitchell, Alison; Baron, Lauren; Macaruso, Paul

2018-01-01

Screening and monitoring student reading progress can be costly and time consuming. Assessment embedded within the context of online instructional programs can capture ongoing student performance data while limiting testing time outside of instruction. This paper presents two studies that examined the validity of using performance measures from a…

High-power S-band experiment study: Objectives, description, planning and operation of experiment for ATS-G spacecraft

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Walp, R. M.

1972-01-01

The results of a study to develop and define requirements for the high power S-band experiment for the ATS-G are summarized. The objectives of the experiment are: (1) to demonstrate high power technology at S-band frequencies in orbiting spacecraft, (2) to employ high power carrier from the spacecraft for conducting interference measurements with Instructional Television Fixed Service systems, and (3) to provide means for performing educationally oriented applications experiments. Experiment organization and operation, and hardware for flight on the ATS-G spacecraft are described. Earth stations designed for the experiment as well as other special ground equipment are also described.

Comparing Different Versions of Road to Mental Readiness to Determine Optimal Content: Testing Instruction Type, Homework, and Intelligence Effects at Two Timepoints

DTIC Science & Technology

2014-12-01

R2MR concepts, especially stress management (and Cognitive Restructuring) skills. A secondary objective was to examine the effects of providing...meilleure assimilation et mise en pratique des concepts du cours RVPM, notamment les compétences de gestion du stress (et de restructuration cognitive...and poor mental health), 2) to teach recruits stress management skills they can use to reduce psychological distress and improve performance, and

Two Birds With One Stone: Application of Fundamental Cognitive Theory of Visual Perception Supporting Fratricide Prevention and Sensor Modeling Experimentation

DTIC Science & Technology

2008-12-01

tools capable of reducing fratricide and collateral damage. The theory of recognition-by-components developed by Dr. Irving Biederman presented a...trainer. The key to thermal combat identification was discovered in an unusual place: chick sexing. Biederman and Shiffrar [11] conducted object...professional sexers was .82. Biederman and Shiffrar conclude that “…after instruction the performance of the naïve subjects more closely resemble that of the

Using Agile Project Management to Enhance the Performance of Instructional Design Teams

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Sweeney, David S.; Cifuentes, Lauren

2010-01-01

Instructional design models describe in detail methodologies for designing effective instruction. Several widely adopted models include suggestions for managing instructional design projects. However, these suggestions focus on how to manage the instructional design steps rather than the instructional design and development team process. The…

Effects of Instruction and Stage-Fright on Intelligence Testing

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Meijer, Joost; Oostdam, Ron

2011-01-01

In the present research, it was tried to unravel the influence of various types of instruction on test anxiety levels and, in turn, its influence on intelligence test performance. Three types of instruction were compared: a stressful, achievement-orientated instruction; a reassuring, task-orientated instruction; and an ambiguous instruction.…

Enhancing the Conceptual Understanding of Science.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gabel, Dorothy

2003-01-01

Describes three levels of understanding science: the phenomena (macroscopic), the particle (microscopic), and the symbolic. Suggests that the objective of science instruction at all levels is conceptual understanding of scientific inquiry. Discusses effective instructional strategies, including analogy, collaborative learning, concept mapping,…

Instructional Curriculum Mapping.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wager, Walter

Instructional Curriculum Mapping (ICM) is a set of guidelines for diagramming the interrelationships among objectives from different domains of learning. Five major learning domains are identified: (1) intellectual skills; (2) cognitive strategies; (3) verbal information; (4) motor skills; and (5) attitudes. This paper examines the functional…

Do I Buy? Rent? Or Make My Own?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Sawin, Philip, Jr.; Hartz, Roger

1977-01-01

Selection of and search for appropriate instructional materials should begin while writing instructional objectives during the curriculum planning process. A five-phase system to help the teacher make selection decisions, in consultation with the school media specialist, is presented. (MF)

Singing Strings.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Riveire, Janine

1996-01-01

Recommends singing as an instructional strategy for string and other instrument classes. Maintains that singing familiarizes the student with the music and can serve as an illustrative example of musical techniques. Includes a list of tonal objectives found in repertory songs. Briefly reviews several instructional texts. (MJP)

Project Flagship.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

State Univ. of New York, Buffalo. Coll. at Buffalo.

Project Flagship, the 1974 Distinguished Achievement Awards entry from State University College at Buffalo, New York, is a competency-based teacher education model using laboratory instruction. The special features of this model include a) stated objectives and criteria for evaluation, b) individualized instruction, c) individualized learning…

Instructional Strategies and Students' Academic Performance in Electrical Installation in Technical Colleges in Akwa Ibom State: Instructional Skills for Structuring Appropriate Learning Experiences for Students

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Onweh, Vincent E.; Akpan, Udeme Timothy

2014-01-01

The study investigated the effects of instructional strategies on students' academic performance in Electrical Installation in Technical Colleges in Akwa Ibom State. Instructional skills are the most specific category of teaching behaviours. A non-equivalent control group quasi experimental design was adopted for the study. Four intact classes…

Usefulness of a mobile phone with video telephony in identifying the correct landmark for performing needle thoracocentesis.

PubMed

You, J S; Park, S; Chung, S P; Park, J W

2009-03-01

A needle thoracocentesis should be performed with maximal safety and optimal efficacy in mind. Mobile video telephony (VT) could be used to facilitate instructions for the accurate performance of needle thoracocentesis in an emergency setting. This new communication method will increase the accuracy of identifying the relevant anatomical site during the decompression technique. A prospective randomised manikin study was performed to investigate the effectiveness of using VT as a method of instruction for the identification of anatomical landmarks during the performance of needle thoracocentesis. The overall success rate was significantly higher in the VT group which performed needle thoracocentesis under the guidance of VT than in the non-VT group who performed the procedure without VT-aided instruction. The instrument difficulty score and procedure satisfaction score were significantly lower in the VT group than in the non-VT group. Identification of the correct anatomical landmark for needle thoracocentesis can be performed with instructions provided via VT because a dispatcher can monitor every step and provide correct instructions. This new technology will improve critical care medicine.